^ WOOD'S ILLUSTRATED HAN D-BOOK TO NEW YORK AND ENVIRONS. A Guide for the Traveller or Resident. MINUTE INSTRUCTIONS FOR SEEING THE METROPOLIS iN ONE OR MORE DAYS. TOGETHER WITH NUMEROUS VALUABLE HINTS TO VISI- TORS ON NEARLY EVERY TOPIC THAT ARISES UPON THE SUBJECT OF SIGHT-SEEING. COIPIOTJSXi-Sr IXiIiTTSTI2,-A.TE3Z>, SJEitf) ©riginal ©ratoings matte cipiesslg for Ifje MSorft, *^ k:^-nJ^ NEW YORK: G, W, Carleton ^ Co., Ptcb lis hers, LONDON: S. LOW, SON & CO. M.DCCC.LXXIII. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by G. W. CARLETON & CO., In the Office of the Librarran of Congress, at Washington. M i ^^\'\9> Pooi.E & Maci.auchlan, PRINTERS AND BOOKBINDERS, 205-213 East i2ik St. MINIATURE HISTORY OF NEW YORK' MANHATTAN or New York Island was discovered September 6, 1609, by a crew ot five men from Hudson's vessel. In the year 1625 it was purchased by the Dutch from the Indians for twenty -four dollars, the contents of the Island then being esti- mated at 22,000 acres. In 1635 the first church buUt of wood was erected in the pres- eiit Bridge street ; the first English settlers arrived the same year. In 1638 tobacco was produced to a considerable extent on the Island. In 1643 the houses were most- ly oie-story cabins with roofs of straw and chimneys of wood. In 1648 a wooden whnrf was completed on the East River, on the present line of Moore street, being a continuation of the first wharf constructed in the city. The first lawyer commenced prattice in 1650 ; in 1652 the first piiblic school was established. The first City Hall was built in 1653 at the head of Coenties Slip. In 1656 the city was first surveyed and the streets laid down on a map. In 1659 a foreign trade first allowed to mer- chants of the city. In the year 1665 the city was incorporated under the government of a mayor, alderman and sheriff. Streets first paved in 16T6 ; average price of lots fifty dollars. Rents vai'ied from twenty-five to one hundred dollars per annum, pay- able partly in trade. The Anneke Jans farm of modem notoriety was leased on a rental equivalent to forty dollars per year, the lessee also to build a bam in part payment. In 1667 there were 12 streets and 384 houses. The number of licensed taverns in 1677 was 14. In 1678 the shipping belonging to the city was three ships and fifteen sloops and barks. In 1693 the first printing press was established in the city by William Bradford. The streets cleaned by contract in 1695 for i:30 per an- num. The debit and credit account of the city income and expenditure, one him- dred and sixty -two years ago, presents a curious comparison with that of the pres- ent day. The items of outlay in the year 1710 were as follows : for the City Watch, which consisted of four men who went about the town " crying the hour of the night and the state of the weather," annual expense thirty-six poimds, exclusive of fire and light in the watchhouse, and the cost of lanterns and hour-glasses (which then served the place of watches) for the watchmen. For the salary of the Town Clerk, twenty pounds per annum. For the salary of the City Marshal, ten pounds per annum. The City Treasurer received five per cent, commission on his receipts. Besides the above, there were no stated expenditures. The items of income were derived from the following sources : leases of Corporation lands, about fifty pounds ; liquor licenses, fifty-one pounds ; fees for grantmg citizens' licenses of trade, ten pounds ; and licenses to gaugers, four pounds. Rent of the Long Island ferry, one hundred and eighty pounds. In 1711 a slave market was established in WaU street ; in 1729 three-pence a foot was given for land on the west side of Broadway, near the Battery. The first stage route between New York and Boston was established in 1732 ; time, 14 days from city to city. The first Merchants' Exchange established in 1752. When the British evacuated the city, November 25, 1783, the buildings did not extend beyond ]^lurray street. In 1801 Broadway was ordered to be continued through Thomas Randall's land, near 8th street, to meet the Bowery. Previous to this extension of Broadway, the Bowery was the only entrance into the city, through groves of cedar, to the BuU's Head, now the Bowery Theatre. The old Potter's Field is now Washington Parade Ground. In 1806 there were two ferries to Brooklyn : one from Fly Market shp, now the foot of Maiden Lane, and one from Catherine slip ; also there was a ferry to Paulus Hook, now Jersey City. These fer- ries were by row-boats, barges, and lighters. In 1807 Robert Fulton made his first trip to Albany in the first steamboat he buUt, called the Clermont ; time, 82 hours. In April, 1807, there were only four Banks in the city. Map of New York City — Lower Portion. Page 6. Map of New York City— Upper rortion. I'age 7. PAGE Bird's-eye View 2 Map of New York City 6 Coat of Arms New York. . . 8 Castle Uarden and Battery. 19 Southern Point of N. Y. . . 21 Old Washin^on Market. . . 26 BUliard Saloon 27 The Narrows 30 Astor House and Park 32 A. T. Stewart's Charity. . . 35 The Omnibuses 37 Madison Square 39 Stock Exchange 45 Astor Library 46 Booth's Theatre 50 Academy of Design' 54 Cooper Institute 56 Department of Charities ... 57 Colored Orphan Asylum.. . , 58 Deaf a»d Dumb Asylum ... 59 PAGE Roman Catholic Asylum ... 60 Randall's Island 62 Sailors' Snug- Harbor, S. I. 63 Clinton Hall 65 Roman Catholic Colleg-o ... 67 Seamen's Retreat, SI.... 70 Third Ave. R. R. Depot ... 72 Grand Central Depot 74 Union League Club 76 Grace Church 78 Jewish Synagogue 80 Knickerbocker Life Ins. Co. 82 Gilsey House 84 Fire Department 86 Old Post-Office 87 Blackwell's Island 89 Columbia College 91 Fulton Ferry House ... 92 Fort Richmond, S. 1 95 Rutgers College 98 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ix PAGE Fifth Avenue 99 The Grand Hotel 100 Bible House 103 Egyptian Museum 105 Society Library 107 Historical Society 109 Harlem Dispensary 110 St. Luke's Hospital 112 Seventh Regiment Armory 113 College of New York 115 Croton Reservoir 117 Croton High Bridge 118 Navy Yard, Brooklyn 121 Produce Exchange 124 Battery Park 127 Washington Monument. ... 128 Lincoln Monument 129 Mount Sinai Hospital 130 New Post-Office 131. Tombs Prison 133 PAGE Deaf and Dumb Asylum . . . 134 Bamum's Museum 138 Convent of Sacred Heart . . 144 Hell Gate Excavations 150 Steam Fire Engine 155 The Morgue 157 Trinity Church Yard 162 St. Paul's Church Yard .... 163 Trinity Church Yard 164 Flower Girl 168 Franklin Monument 169 Cafe Brunswick 170 Jerome Park Races 172 Bethel Church 174 Blind Asylum 180 Central Park, Summer H. . 181 Central Park, Lake 182 Central Park, Cave 183 Central Park, Grotto 184 Lunatic Asylum 193 METHODICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGH 1. — Alphabetical Index, 2.— A Few Words about the City, - - - 19 Giving a bird's-eye view of the Metropolis and its Inhabitants, and introducing- the visitor to a lite- ral acquaintance with the difEereiit phases of life and character to be found. 3.— Beware! ------- 27 4. — A separate Guide on opposite pages for Travellers arriving np-town and those arriving down -town, - - - - 30 5. — Narrative Guide, - - - - - 30 The Tour of the City in half a day, one day, or more days. 6. — Amusements, - 50 7.— Art Galleries, - 54 8. — Asylums, 57 9. — Benevolent Institutions, - - - - 61 10. — Benevolent Societies, - - - - 64 11.— Street Cars, 72 12.— Clubs, 76 13.— Churches, 78 PAGB 14. — Companies, - - • - 82 15.— Consuls, - - - - 85 16. — Municipal Departments, - - - 87 17. — Excursions, 89 18.— Ferries, - - - - - - - 92 19.— Forts, ------- 95 20. — Hacks, Coaches, Cabs, etc., - - - 97 21 . — ^Hotels and Restaurants, - - - - 99 22. — Literary and Scientific Institutions, - - 10 i 23. — Medical Institutions, - - - - 110 24. — Miscellaneous, 113 25. — Public Omnibuses, . . - - 126 26. — Parks and Squares, 127 27.— Public Buildings, 131 28. — Summer Resorts, and how to go to them, - 135 29. — Hints and E'otes on every variety of local matters, - - - - - - 137 Including- matters of dress, visits, and every item that the most inexperienced visitor to the City may require to know. 30._The Central Park, 181 31.— Brief History of Old New York, - - 187 32. — Brooklyn and vicinity, , - - - 194 33.— Steamboat Travel, 198 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. A few Words about the City. 19 Advice to Travellers 24 Additional Hints and Notes. 137 Amusements 50 A New York Snow Storm. . 176 Armories of the City Militia. 113 Armories 114 Asylums 57 American Telegraph Co.. . . 83 Aqueducts. (See " Croton Waterworks.") 117 Adjacent Islands 61 Artists' Studios 114 Art Galleries 54 Avenues and Streets 114 Associations 64 Apprentices' Library 102 A Lady may Wear .... 137 Arrival in New York 30 Area of the City 19 American Museum of Art. . 55 B. Banks 116 Banks Open 139 Benevolent Institutions 57 Benevolent Societies 64 Baths— of all kinds 116 Boarding Houses 1 77 Billiards 139 Breweries Bay of New York 30 Buildings 159 Brooklyn 194 Barnum's Museum as it was 138 Bible House 103 Blackwell's Island 61 Beware ! 27 Base BaU.. 139 Boat Races 139 Budget of New York 139 Baths— Free Public 116 Boulevards 139 c. Cars — Street and Omni- buses 72 Courts 142 Croton Water Works 117 Churches 78 Corporation Library 104 Cemeteries 196 Consuls 85 Clubs 76 Choice of Locality 143 Collections of Objects of Ai-t 142 Commerce, Industry, and Immigration 140 Custom House Dues 141 Courts Open 142 Colleges 142 City Statistics 139 14 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Cabs 97 Confectioneries 116 Courts open to the Public. 142 Carts and Cartmen 142 Colored Relief 66 Calls and Callers, and How to Dress 141 Central Park 181 Conservatories of Music. . . 50 Clinton Hall 104 Chop Houses 99 City Hall 131 Commercial Register 117 Club Houses, how to be seen 77 Custom House Regulations, 141 Calls after Dinner 145 City Directory 144 Elevators 145 East River 90 English Sparrows in the Squares, and their Habi- tations 21 Express Offices 83 Express — how to send by . . 34 Emigrants' Landing Depot. 153 Evening Newspapers 168 Excursion Boats 198 Egyptian Museum. See " Historical Society" .... 105 D. Description of the City 19 Departments 87 Dispensaries Ill Detectives 145 Docks 119 Distances across the Ferries. 143 Directory 144 Dinner Hour and after Din- ner Visits 145 Dinners, public and private ; where to give them 99 Daily Newspapers. , 168 Drinking Saloons 144 Distances in the City 143 E. Excursions 89 Effects of a New York Snow blockade 176 F. Fund Societies — are in al- phabetical order in " Be- nevolent Societies." See Index 64 Ferries and Piers 92 Fashion Plates 145 Fashionable Dress Makers. 145 Free Academy 104 Forts 95 French Cooking 145 Ferries to Brooklyn 93 Freemasons 67 Foreign Money 146 Fashionable Day for Ladies 145 Fashionable Newspapers. . . 146 French and German Waiters 146 Furnished Apartments 146 Furnished Houses 146 Fruit Stores 146 Fashionable Patterns of all kinds for Ladies' and Children's Garments 145 Fashion 145 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 15 G. Great Thoroughfares 147 German and Swedish Im- migration 146 Gambling Houses and De- coys 148 German Music Halls or Re- unions 52 Greenwood 196 Gymnasiums 148 Grocery Stores , 147 Government Warehouses. . 141 H. Hell Gate and the East Biver Improvements, and their probable effect in changing the business lo- caHties 149 How to Descend from a Car or Omnibus when you wish to 153 How to see a Newspaper. See "Reading Rooms" in Index 153 Hotel Coaches 151 How to Stop a Stage or Car when you wish to get out 148 How to get a Newspaper. . . 153 How to see New York Quickly 24 How to see New York Lei- surely ... 38 Hints to Visitors in the Me- tropolis. See ' ' Hints and Notes" 137 Holidays in New York 151 Hudson River 90 Harlem River 149 History of New York 187 How to Stop a Stage or Car where you wish to get out 153 Hacks and Hackmen 97 Hotels and Restaurants for all respectable persons ac- cording to their means . . 99 Help for Educated but Poor Girls from the Country . . 68 Howard Mission for Little Wanderers 68 How to Catch a Train in a hurry 153 Hints on Accepting Invita- tions 149 How to Dress at Operas and Theatres, and other places of amusement. See In- dex for "Amusements" . . 51 Illustrated Newspapers 168 If you leave an article in an Omnibus or Car 153 Infirmary 58 Ice Water l53 If you choose to see to your own Baggage 153 If you are Invited to an En- tertainment 149 Information Bureau for Friends of Arriving Im- migrants 153 Immigration 153 Immigration — Comparative Protestant and Catholic. 155 Jerome Park 173 16 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. L. Letters .^ 155 Literary and Scientific In- stitutions 102 Libraries. (See Lidex for Literary and Scientific Listitutions. ) 103 Length of Blocks 143 Long Branch Steamers. . . . 203 Ladies' Depository. (Re- duced Ladies.) 69 Letter Stamps 155 Laborers 156 List of Engravings 7 Letter Boxes 155 M. May Anniversaries 156 Moving Day in the Metro- polis 158 Measures of Length 159 Medical Listitutions 110 Mock Auctions 28 Map of the City Miscellaneous Il3 Map of Brooklyn Miscellaneous Exhibitions. . 135 Messengers 156 Mayor's Office 88 Modes of Visiting Separate Places on the Hudson. . . 9 1 Mechanics' Society School. 106 Markets 120 Matinees 175 Morgue 157 Musical Matters. (See La- dex for ' ' Amusements " and under ' ' Literary and Scientific Institutions " . . 50 Municipal Division of the City 158 Measures of Capacity 159 Money 119 N. Navy Yard 120 Naval Dry Dock 119 Newspapers 168 New York Fashionable Sea- son 24 Narrows 30 National Academy of Design 54 Novelty Works 120 No Rule for Business Office Hours 139 North, East, and Harlem Rivers and Sound Boats. 198 Natural Flowers 167 New Buildings 159 Narrative Guide 30 New York Yacht Club 77 New York City Taxes for 1872 166 O. Organ Grinders and Street Beggars 28 Offices or Bureaus are in alphabetical order in " Miscellaneous " 113 Opera 51 Omnibuses and Cars 126 Odd-Fellows 69 Out-door Statues and Mon- uments 128 ALPHABETICAL INDEX, 17 Public Lectures 53 Public Instruction 161 Public Buildings 131 Parks and Squares 127 Public Schools 161 Postage 120 Public Schools, — how they are built, arranged, and conducted 161 Postal Arrangements 121 Public Porters 122 PoUce 88 Police Stations 122 Police Courts 88 Picture Galleries — public . . 64 Picture Galleries — ^private. 55 Post-office 131 Population of the City .... 19 Popular Preachers 196 Places and Sights which a Stranger should see 90 Printing House Square 123 Publishmg Offices 123 Piers and Ferries 92 Public and Private Dinners 145 Photography 54 Police Protection and Detec- tive Department 88 Police Telegraph 88 R. Eesorts at short distances from Town 135 Eesorts for Evenings. (See Index for "Amuse- ments.") 50 Raibroad Stations 124 Rides and Drives 89 Reservoirs. (See Index for ' ' Croton Water Works. "). 117 Races 172 Re-unions — German 52 Restaurants 99 Riding School 173 Reading and Smoking Rooms 153 Religion .... 173 Routine to make the Trav- ellers' sight -seeing de- lightful and not trying and exhausting to mind and body 45 Religious Newspapers 173 Religious Notes 173 The tour of the City in half a day 38 S. Servants 156 Summer Resorts, or Water- ing Places at a distance, and how to go to them. . 135 Schools — public 161 Shop Butchers 175 Streets and Avenues 143 Steamboats 198 Saturday 175 Silver Communion Service, presented by Queen Anne 175 Safe Deposit Companies. . . 124 Sunday Services 196 Study of Students in Art , . 54 Something for the Anti- quary 191 Stewart's Store 123 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ... 71 Stevens Apartment Build- ing 38 Salaries of Public Employes 166 Sailors' Snug Harbor 64 Sailors' Chapels 175 18 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Shopping 175 Shipping Intelligence 177 Seeing to your own baggage 153 Shipping in the Harbor 23 Sites of remarkable events. 191 Suburban Trains or Rail- roads 124 Suburban Railroad Stations 135 Suburban Villages 177 Shooting Galleries 175 Seamen's Exchange 123 Sum total of business trans- acted ia the City of New- York in 1871. (See' 'Com- merce and Industry.").. 141 Summer 136 The Tour of the City m one day 39 The Tour of the City in three or more days 38 To give an idea of the fash- ionable watering places frequented by New York- ers 89 u. United States Treasury, ... 1 34 Unfurnished Apartments. . 178 V. T. Trip up the Hudson 90 The Police 88 Table of Distances 179 Theatres 51 The New York Bar 168 Telegraphy 83 Telegraph Offices 125 Take the Right-hand 177 Traffic 208 'i'he Churches 78 Tides 208 Time Tables 178 Telegraph Companies 83 Thermometric Scale 159 Trips 90 The Tombs, or City Prison 133 To hear Trials 142 Those who wish to remain in New York as Students, Clerks, &c 34 There are no American Ser- vants 156 To Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington 198 Views of New York 125 W. Weights and Measures 159 Width of Streets and Ave- nues 143 Wall Street 40 Wall Street Sneak Thieves. 180 Where to Lunch, Dine, and Sup 99 Whai-ves and Wharf Scenes. 125 Working Girls' Hotel 35 What to beware of 29 W^hat can be bought ia Broadway 125 Woodlawn 106 Waiters in Hotels 180 Washington 128 Wines and Liquors 180 Y. Yachting 77 Religious Statistics for the United States 173 HANDBOOK OF NEW YORK. A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. [Castle Garden, at the Battery ] EW YORK stands at the head of the magnifi- cent bay of the same name, seventeen miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Into the bay flows on one side of the city the East river, and on the other tne Hudson or North river. The Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek make the northern boundary, and com- plete the island, virhich is the limit of the city proper. Its shape is long and narrow, with an average width of a mile and a half; and its principal street — ^Broadway — extends its entire length, a distance of fifteen miles. The population is over one million, not taking into account that of Brooklyn, Jersey City, and the contiguous places in Westchester county, which would increase it to about a million and three-quarters. The growth of New York is amazing, the last few years wit- 20 A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. nessing the rapid extension of streets from river to river, and the opening of broad avenues northvi^ard, far beyond tha city boundaries. The advance of New York has been remarkable ever since the Revolution, the events and peculiarities which make history seeming to have no limit in the variety and perpetuity of their striking elements. The climate, though variable, is extremely healthy. Fogo never obscure the heavenly blue skies, and such weather as Nature sends has a poetic beauty, whether in sunshine or storm. Here are found the exhilaration of the Eussian winter, the balmy influence of the tropical summer, and the incomparable spring and autumn seasons peculiar to the northern United States. The lavish supply of pure water distributed by the Croton Aqueduct is its chief artificial sanitary arrangement. This is at the command of all, rich and poor. It is carried into every house, however insignificant, and distributed through it from top to bottom in pipes let into the walls and turned out by faucets, with larger pipes to carry off the waste water. The sewage of the whole metropolis is conducted into the Hudson and East rivers through brick tunnels which underlie the streets. No drainage is necessary into those wide rivers which communicate with the ocean and are salt. The breezes which sweep from the ocean through these noble rivers and along the streets, temper the rigor of the winters, and cool the sultry heats of summer. As the streets run from river to river, the air has free scope in carrying away malaria and the foul odors due to neglectful city authorities, and serve to mitigate the fiercest ravages of disease in seasons of epidemic. The parks and squares are delightful breathing spots. Unen- closed and beautifully paved, they are peculiarly inviting. They are planted with trees, and have beautifully kept grass- A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. 21 plots and admirable walks and inviting seats. They are filled ■with English sparrows (imported for the protection of the trees against the caterpillars) ; and in Madison and Union Squares are ingeniously contrived miniature buildings for these little birds, placed among the branches of the trees, which represent dif- ferent business departments, as "The Post-OflB.ce," "The Cus- tom-House," "The Exchange," &c., &c., &c., and it is very amusing to see the little creatures enter thes# difl^erent edifices, their busy, hurried air irresistibly giving the idea that they really know where they are going and have a purpose in it. It will strike a stranger how infinitely greater is the propor- tion of respectable and elegant streets, and how comparatively limited are those absorbed by poverty and vice. If he has time for investigation he will learn also how ample are the provisions for the extinction of the latter. There is no city in the world where there are so many charitable institutions of all kinds. The northern or upper part of the city is appropriated to private life; the lower or southerly portion to commerce. [The Southern Point of New York.] traffic, and law. Wealth, taste, and ambition are stamped upon the streets devoted to business as fully as upon those designed expressly for luxury and ease. Warehouses are nowhere shut 22 A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. in by dingy, unwholesome alleys, but are in every street lighted by the bright sunshine; and the "dark ways," if there are any, are confined to interior transactions. Commerce at and near the wharves is carried on in the unobscured light of day, which gives the cheerfulest aspect to all concerned, and an infinite animation to the varied and ever-changing scenes. Along the Hudson and East rivers can be seen almost the largest display of shipping in the world. For several miles you behold literally a "forest of masts." The city is full of public schools, where the best English education can be had free. The intellectual quickness produced by the rapidity of Kew York life, renders the corps of lawyers quite independent of the seclusion of a London "Lincoln's Inn" or a "Temple." In New York, commerce and law are found in close juxtaposition. Eetail trade, on the other hand, has scarcely a foothold in the so-called business part of the city, but is scattered about in the great thoroughfares with a judicious adaptation of the quality of the merchandise to the quality of the neighborhood. Fortunate business and professional men, retired men of wealth, in short, millionaires — whether they have made their money in the retail trade or at wholesale, whether as mechanics or lawyers, bankers or brokers, as doctors or as clergymen, so long as the money is made — buy lots and build magnificent houses in the most fashionable streets. The "born gentleman," with a long pedigree and a lean purse, will find scanty recog- nition there. Indeed there is probably a greater social dis- tinction in some of the business quarters of the city between the different occupations, than in the private portions of the metropolis, where the only distinguishing features are the dif- ferent degrees of wealth displayed. In New York there is no technical division between the business and the private portion of the town. It is all the A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. 23 * city." "We are going to the 'city'" — "We have been to the 'city'" — "We have business in the 'city'" — means New York, and not as in London only a small part of the metropolis. The expressions " down town " and " up town " are em- ployed to designate the business and social quarters of the city. There is no confusion in New York, as in London, from many streets bearing the same name. The government of New York is vested in the Mayor and Board of Aldermen and Assistant Aldermen, with a vast machinery of branches, from the city Comptroller down. There are also various departments, such as the " Department of Pubhc Works," the " Department of Public Charities and Correction," &c., which to an extent are independent in their working, and which serve to increase the confusion in the management of the city's affairs. It is to be hoped that a comprehensive and intelligible charter will in time be enacted, which will enable New Yorkers to escape from the ofl&cial thieves and robbers who have of late so audaciously plundered them. The active, cheerful labor which is shared by all classes, each in their specific sphere, the hope which the unhmited facilities for enterprises of all kinds stamp upon every countenance, the bearing, imbued with conscious independence, all render the New Yorker an eminent example of the true type of republican character. Here every nationality on the face of the earth would appear to be represented. This large influx of foreigners, w*ho adopt New York for their home, while they introduce many of the habits and customs of their native land, quickly imbibe the spirit of our free institutions and become rapidly Americanized. This makes the city thoroughly Cosmopolitan. The city of New York is the head-quarters of the trade and commerce of the United States. It is also the nucleus of all southern and western travel in the summer season. A peculiar 24 A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. feature of New York is the multiplicity of fashionable hotels and boarding-houses. These are sustained to a great degree by the "respectability " of the metropolis. This is partly owing to the want of good servants (a great want), partly to the fact that only persons of large incomes can pay the enormous rents for private houses, it being a rule of "good society" that every family must live in a whole house (if they keep house at all) ; and fashion, arbitrary here as elsewhere, compels people hoping to maintain their position to live in a large and handsome house, however small their family may be. Hence, hotel and boarding-house life has been reduced to a fine art. It is getting to be much the custom for famihes who are so fortunate as to own splendid houses on the avenues, and who lack somewhat the means to support these establishments, to live almost wholly at their suburban residences, which, as a rule, are very fine, and come in the city to a hotel at their convenience and pleasure, while the town house, with all its rich furniture, is let to a "fashionable" boarding-house keeper. Fashionable New York usually quits town for the country in June, and returns in October. Before the civil war the city was none the less gay for the flight of its inhabitants to cooler regions. The southern planters came north with their families, flocking like tropical birds of brilliant plumage to the hotels, fluttering along the walks, and keeping the sultry streets full of life and brightness. They come still, those who can; but they have no longer the inclination nor the means for their former display. The most fashionable period at the chief summer resorts is the last week of July and the first two weeks in August. The fashionable season in the city is from early in November to Lent. The first impulse of a stranger in coming into a metropolis is to consult a map. But the visitor who is limited for time will A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITY. 25 find it to his advantage to follow a little "^o?tr" marked out for hira in the narrative part of the "handbook," a perusal of which will take but a few minutes. It has been planned with study and care, and will be found very comprehensive and satis- factory. Afterwards, the map will come in use. The "tour" gives an exterior view of the most beautiful and the most characteristic portions of the metropolis, with their archi- tectural features, and many buildings which are pointed out by name. The most busy as well as the most fashionable portions are included. In passing through the business thoroughfares the visitor will find the striking peculiarities of our American life ag- glomerated with almost a weird effect. He will find palatial banks and banking houses, immense insurance buildings, law- yers' offices, brokers' offices in great variety, enormous whole- sale stores of every possible description, spacious government warehouses, towering newspaper offices, and innumerable hotels, mixed up with restaurants, lunch-rooms, cigar'-shops, wine and fruit stores, a few churches, and large numbers of second-hand book stores ; while along the streets are innumer- able stands, where newspapers and light literature are dis- pensed, or oranges, apples, bananas, in fact all the fruits of the season, are sold, together with roasted chestnuts, peanuts, crockery, new and second-hand clothing, &c., &c. ; while far "up town" stretch rows of private houses, interspersed With churches, hotels, boarding-houses, fashionable restaurants, and confectionery establishments. The markets are interesting places to visit, especially early in the morning, before the full tide of traffic is begun. The varieties of home produce, the great market-baskets of fruits and vegetables, the game, the live poultry, the heaps of eggs, the bunches of flowers and of herbs, the huge, ruddy-faced, bright market women who reign over their stalls, inviting by 26 A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE CITT. [Old Wtxsiiuigton, MarK€i.~-Morn.ing.\ word and glance the new oomer. or -welcommg with the free- dom of their class the old-established customer, with oflfers of bargains mingled with the witty remark and the sharp but good-humored repartee — all these form a scene and a picture which should not be overlooked. It is much the custom in New York for gentlemen, and often ladies, to go themselves to market to make their purchases fer the day's requirements. And now we introduce the reader to New York, as beyond question one of the freshest, liveliest, and most fascinating cities in the world. BEWARE ! [Scene in Billiard Saloon.] EWARE— On approaching and coming into the city, of the good-natured civilities of persons you have never seen before. Gratuitous offers of assistance or advice, or good-fellowship, are suspicious, to say the least. Do not be persuaded to go anywhere with these casual acquaintances. If you are an utter stranger, you v^^ill find the " Handbook " your best and most trustworthy friend. It will not mislead you. While it is not necessary to particularize every place in the metropolis that is respectable as a stopping-place, or as a resort for amusement, it leaves unmen- tioned such as are in the least doubtful, and which ought to be avoided. Some which are notorious and extremely insidious, are briefly specified under this heading, while the newspapers give daily accounts of the innumerable ways of entrapping strangers in the city. Beware — If you are at a loss in the street, of accosting any one but a 28 BEWARE. policeman ; him you will know by his uniform — blue coat and cap, and brass buttons. If you do not see a policeman, step into the nearest store or hotel and make your inquiries. Beware — Of the purlieus of the city. They are only to be visited under the escort of a police officer. Beware — Of Mock Auctions in stores, and of the pleasant-faced man who invites you to look in. Beware — Of Panel Houses. A sliding panel is let into the walls of some doubtful houses, through which thieves enter unperceived and have you at their mercy. Beware — Of Saloons with " Pretty Waiter G-irls." They are among the most dangerous decoys in the city. Beware — Of all who accost you in the street, particularly if they want your advice about a pocket-book they have just found, or a roll of money which they have picked up. Such persons have a very innocent and inexperienced air. Distrust them — don't stop to listen to them. Beware — Of visiting a fashionable gambling-house, "just to see what is going on." Beware — Of giving street beggars or organ-grinders more than a few pennies. Beware — Of walking late in the evening, except in the busiest thorough- fares of the city. Beware — Of exposing your watch, pocket-book, or jewelry in the BEWARE. 29 streets, lecture-rooms, theatres, or in omnibuses or cars. You should suspect any one, man or woman, well or ill dressed, who crowds or presses against you ; the contents of your pockets are in danger. Ladies, keep your pocket-books in the bosom of your dress. Beware — Of Hack-drivers' extortions. (See index for "Hacks and flackmen.") Beware — Of passing under a building in course of erection or repairs. It is worth while to cross the street twice to avoid it. Beware — Especially in the evening, of p.ersons who ask you what time it is. They have designs on your watch. Beware — Of leaving any considerable sum of money or any valuables in your trunk, or of carrying them on your person. There is a safe in every hotel where you can deposit such things without charge. Beware — Of talking about your business before strangers. Beware — Of even the orderly " Dance-Houses." A sadder story of New York life cannot be written than that connected with these places. NARRATIVE GUIDE. i^B^; [The Nan oiis, at Fot t Ilamiltoti ] "^HOSE who, for the fiist time, sweep np our magnificent Bay, pass the brilhant " Nar- rows," and reach the city at its lower extremity, and those who arrive by the numerous steamboat lines, or who alight from the various routes of travel at the stupendous " Grand Central Depot " at Forty-second Street, will naturally wish for a thorough but concise and lucid Guide to not only the most convenient or accessible Hotels, but also to Churches of all denominations, the Thea- tres, Opera Houses, Museums, Public Libraries, and the most eligible Retail Stores. They will also desire to be guided in their strolls about town. NARRATIVE GUIDE. - 31 The more necessary landmarks being well fixed in the mind. Public Institutions of all kinds, Public Buildings, and private streets of note will come next in interest. The channels which lead out of the city then occupy the attention, and the traveller feels quite at home. He can now observe without the hurry and excitement which always accompany o sense of strangeness ; and whether his stay be for a few weeks, days, or only hours, he can repose while he contemplates the characteristics of the great metropolis of the Western World, and the peculiarities of its inhabitants as they are exhibited in their places of business, their homes, and their chosen pursuits and pleasures. N. B. — Travellers arriving at either extremity of the metropolis will find separate instructions on opposite pages until it is time for them to join company. Traveller from Down-Town. The stranger entering the metropolis from the Jersey Ferries, or by the Hudson and East Rivers, will find his way to his stopping-place by the aid of the Handbook. (See Index for Hotels and Restaurants.) Having consigned your baggage to the care of the express agent — who gives you a receipt, and whose "Company" is re- sponsible for it until it safely reaches its destination; having paid your hackman (see Index for " Hackmen "), or, with car- pet-bag in hand, having chosen to vary the boat or railroad motion by a brisk walk to your stopping-place, and taken your comfortable meal, reposed for a few moments in your apartment, or, if but a passing traveller, in the reading-room or the ofiice of the hotel, or in your chair in the dining-room or restaurant, with the Handbook before you, you are soon rested and armed for an excursion about the city. If you have taken an apartment, we advise you to preface 32 NARRATIVE GUIDE. your first meal by a bath and clean linen. Besides making you presentable wherever you may choose to go, it wonderfully accelerates the cheerful feeling which gives all the zest to sight- seeing. If you have not engaged an apartment, you can still have the use of the toilet-room of the hotel with water, soap, and toweb, and thus enjoy something of the invigoration of the bath. [Astor House — Broadway and Park Row.'\ T now propose a little tour. I shall make the Astor House the starting-point for the down-town sight-seer. (See Index for "Hotels.") If you arrive by one p.m. in winter, or by three p.m. at any other season, commence your sight-seeing by NARRATIVE GUIDE. 33 stepping from the Broadway door of the Astor House into a Fifth Avenue omnibus, going up town, or north. One passes every few minutes. This will carry you up Broadway to Eleventh Street, thence into the far-famed Fifth Avenue. Continue your ride up this avenue to the upper end of the " Reservoir," at Forly-second Street. Here ahght, and walk one block in an easterly direction and you are at Madison Avenue, near the " Grand Central Depot," which occupies almost the whole block between Madison and Fourth Avenues. From here you take the "Tour" marked out for the sight-seer from " Up-Town." (See page .) This tour will bring you to the corner of Broadway and Twenty -third Street, where take an omnibus and return down town to your stopping-place in time to rest, dress, and dine, and visit some evening place of amusement. The waiter at your chair will bring you a daily newspaper, if you have not already one in your possession, and you can make your choice of places of resort while you are sipping your coffee. If you arrive by a morning boat I propose a different and much more comprehensive tour, as follows : After breakfast, step into a Broadway and Wall Street omnibus, going down, or southerly. This will take you down Broadway a short distance, and then will turn into Wall Street, which is the famous money mart of the metropolis, and carry you to the Wall Street Ferry. The distance is not great, but as the streets are thronged, you can observe to better advantage from a slight elevation, and the ride will cost you but ten cents, which you hand up to the driver on entering the omnibus. At the head of Wall Street you will meet with the sight-seer from " up-town," and from this point you join company in all your excursions. 34 NARRATIVE GUIDE. Traveller from "Up-Town."' On approauhing the metropolis, an express agent passes tlirough the cars, exclaiming " Checks for baggage." You will have made up your mind where you desire to go, and it will be wise to entrust your baggage to him. Accost him as he ap- proaches. Tell him where you wish it taken — whether to another railroad depot, or to a steamboat (if you are only pass- ing through town), or to some part of the city. He takes out his book, puts down your instructions; you deliver to him your checks, for which he gives you a receipt, and you have trans- ferred all the care of your baggage to the express company, who are responsible for it until it is safely delivered, llie express charge is half a dollar for each trunk. On emerging from the immense Depot, you find yourself in Forty-second Street, facing the south or "down-town," with Madison Avenue on your right and Fourth Avenue on your left. If you are weary and travel-soiled, take a hack (see Index for "Hacks and Hackraen") for your place of destination; but if you have only a few hours to spend in the metropolis, and are a pretty good walker, I propose a siiort tour which will give you the best view of the most elegant part of the city at various points, with many buildings of note, and without greatly re- tracing your steps, which is the discouraging and time-stealing impediment to the sight-seer. The up-town streets are seen to much better advaotage in walking than in riding. Proceed, then, down Park Avenue (this is built over Fourth Avenue, the latter being used for a railroad tunnel), and walk leisurely straight before you to its termination at Thirty-second Street, where it is merged in Fourth Avenue. Park Avenue is pne of the tliree most beautil'ul and fashionable avenues in the metropolis, ar^ has been recently, and in an incredibly short time, b^ilt up over the Harlem Railroad tunnel. Here, at NARRATIVE GUIDE. d5 [A, T, Stewa) fs W o) king Gii Is'' Hotel ] Thirty-second Street, ia A. T. Stewart's great charity, The Working-Gills' Hotel. If you want any articles of the toilet, thread, needles, pins, scissors, a thimble, a ribbon, a neck-tie, a comb and brush, etc., proceed a few blocks in the same direc- tion along Fourth Avenue, and make the purchases at any of the stores whose windows exhibit such and similar articles. The few minutes you have spent in Fourth Avenue will be suf- ficient to give you an idea of the character of that thorough- fare, which, together with Third Avenue, is merged at Seventh Street in the broad highway called the Bowery, lead- ing to the lower part of the city. You may now retrace your steps to the corner of Thirty-fourth Street, turn here to your 30 NARRATIVE GUIDE. left, or westerly, fw'lone block brings you to Madison Avenue. Take a glance up and down its beautiful double line of private residences and pass on to the next crossing, and you are in the Fifth Avenue, and directly before you is the classical marble edifice built by A. T, Stewart, merchant, for his private resi- dence. You have now seen from the best point of view the most fashionable avenues and several of the finest up-town streets of the metropolis, presenting, in their regular intersec- section,/apa(ies of unrivalled extent and beauty. Turn here at your left and walk down Fifth Avenue to Madison Square, pausing at the corner of Twenty-fifth Street to look about you. This is a short half mile farther. If it is afternoon and a fine day, you will meet the "belles" and "beaux" of JSTew York in their elegant toilets, and have the advan- tage of a near inspection of the much-boasted beauty of tlie New York ladies; also of the brilliant display of equi- pages as they roll along, bearing their freight of wealth and fashion to Central Park. GTiving a glance at the Worth Monu- ment near which you are standing, walk to the lower or south- ern extremity of the square in Twenty-third Street, and you are at the intersection of Broadway with the Fifth Avenue, which is one of the finest points in the city. The view in every direction is imposing. Directly opposite, is the massive marble front of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, and in this vicinity are con- gregatad a large number of the first-class hotels of the city. After taking a survey of the scene, turn to your left, or easterly, and walk one block, and you will find yourself at the corner of Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street. Here, standing oppo- site each other, are The National Academy of Design and the building of The Young Men's Christian Association, The exte- rior is all you have time to look at to-day. Retrace your steps, walking westerly past the lower side of Madison Square till you come again to Broadway. NARRATIVE GUIDE. 37 [N.B. — If you have come in town, travelled, soiled, and weary, and have another day for siglit-seeinj^, you will wish to proceed directly to your hotel; preface your first meal by a rapid bath; it wonderfully reviviQes. There are barber shops and bath-rooms in all first-class hotels. At other houses, a bed-room with water and towels answer the purpose; in fact, this refreshment will be well worth the time in the rest it will give you and the zest it will add to your first venture at sight-seeing, e'ven if you have but a few hours to spend in the metropolis.] The next step, after once more pausing to admire the scene around you from where you stand — corner of Twenty-third Street and Broadway — is to consult your watch and see what time you have for further sight-seeing. If you have still an hour left, take a South Ferry Omnibus — "South Ferry" is painted on it in large letters — and ride down to the Bowling Green and return by another stage of the same line. This will give you a pano- ramic view of the whole of Broadway, with a glimpse of all the intersecting streets and of the Battery, and you will have had al- leady |a good view of New York. You can now re- fresh yourself, dine, and attend some place of amusement in the evening. 38 NARRATIVE GUIDE. If you have arrived by a morning train and have but a few hours in the city, proceed at once by taking the httle tour just described. If you have longer to stay, the first thing for you to do after comfortably arranging yourself at your hotel, is to sally forth and stop a Broadway and Wall Street Omnibus, going down- town or south. Stop it by raising your finger. There is gener- ally a policeman in uniform at hand to help passengers across the streets when they are much crowded. Step into the omni- bus and pass up your fare — few cents. You will get correct change for any small bill, if necessary, though it is much more convenient to be prepared with the exact sum. For a distance of two or three miles you have nothing to do but admire the buildings which compose this splendid street. On Broadway are most of the prominent hotels of the metropoHs, all buildings of imposing structure and proportions. Here are theatres, museums, and an infinite number of magnifi- cent edifices for merchandise, for offices, &c. Your omnibus does not go up Broadway above Twenty-third Street, but turns into Madison Avenue; therefore you should take it at this point, or below it. If you have chosen the Orand Hotel or any of the contiguous hotels for your stopping-place, you can readily walk down to Twenty-third Street. The Grand is the farthest north of a series of hotels. Starting from here, corner of Thirty- first Street, cross to the west side of Broadway, and you will see all the hotels to the best advantage. On the next block below, at your left hand, is the G-ilsey House, also a beautiful buifding of more florid architecture. Near the corner of Thirtieth Street, at your right hand, is Wood's Museum; on the next block, at your left, is the Sturtevant House, and on your right, nearly opposite, is the Coleman House. A little farther on, at your left, is a large and striking building of brick, with stone facings ; this is the new Stevens Apartment Buildiitcj^ constructed NAKRATIVK GUIDE. 39 in "flats" for families, after the French style and in the most elejj^ant manner. At the corner of Twenty-fifth Street and Broadway pause a moment. From this point is one of the most beautiful views of the metropolis. Two blocks at your left, across Madison Square, is the showy and singular building of the Union League Club. On your right stretches a marble fa9ade of several of the first-class hotels. The first of these white marble buildings is the St. James Hotel, which you have just passed, corner of Twenty-sixth Street. At Twenty -fifth Street, Broadway, aftei intersecting the Fifth Avenue, by which the two form one broad highway for a couple of blocks, now sweeps [Madison Square— Fifth Avenue Hotel.] in its northerly course to the left, stretchin'g quite to the ex- tremity of the island. 40 NARRATIVE GUIDE. Proceeding on the same side (right hand) of the way, the next white marble building is the Hoffman House, Broadway and Twenty-fifth Street. The Albemarle comes next, and the whole of the next block is occupied by the Fifth Avenue Hotel, Walk past this hotel, and cross the street to your left ; you are n&w at the foot of Madison Square, and from this point you have a fine view of it and a part of Madison Avenue, the Worth House and Monument, while the classical proportions but simple ' architecture of the Fifth Avenue Hotel are presented to the greatest advantage. Now stop the Wall Street omnibus, as before directed, going south or down town; seated in it you will pass, on your right, a succession of splendid buildings used — in fact built — expressly for retail stores by their present occupants. On the corner of Thirteenth Street and Broadway, at your left, is Wallack's Thea- tre. On your left, just above Tenth Street, is G-race Church, one of the most "fashionable" Espiscopal churches, and the next block, still on your left hand, is occupied by Stewart's Retail Store. Both are easily distinguished from other build- ings. As you descend the city you pass many fine stores, the St. Denis, New York, the Grand Central, the Metropolitan, and St. Nicholas Hotels, and come to the "City Park," in which are situated the City Hall, the Court House and various Public Buildings fo'r the city's use, and also the magnificent immense building, now in course of construction, for the United States Post Office and Court House. On reaching Wall Street your omnibus will turn into it, and at this point you are joined hy the down-town traveller. Wall Street is a most striking street. Look at the buildings on both sides of it. Your omnibus will carry you to its ter- minus, the Wall Street Ferry. On arriving at the ferry you should cross the East River to Brooklyn, a few minutes* trip, and have a delightful water view and a breath of salt air. NARRATIVE GUIDE. 41 Return with the boat, and reserve your tour of Brooklyn for a particular day. The same omnibus will take you to Broadway ; and in the few moments you may have to wait for the stage, you will find abundance to interest you in the Cosmopolitan throng about the ferry, if you are an observer of human nature. But I would advise you not to take the omnibus. Walk back up Wall Street and observe closely, and at your leisure, the splendid buildings which American pride has erected for the most practical uses. You will easily distinguish the name and use of each one, flaunting in ambitious rivalry over its neighbor. Pursue your walk to the corner of Wall and William Streets, where stands the U. S. Custom House, a mammoth granite building. Turn here to your left, and go down William Street a few steps, to its intersection with Beaver Street. There stands the traditional and time-honored restaurant, "Delmonico." You will get nothing better to eat or to drink in the whole metrop- olis than here. Order an ice, if nothing more ; but if it is lunch time, take it there. Then retrace your steps to the corner of Wall and William Streets, and walk up westerly to Broadway, observing all the buildings as you stroll along. On the corner of Nassau and Wall Street, at your right, is the United States Treasury, a conspicuous marble building with columns — per- haps the most solidly built structure in America. It was built for the Custom House, but transferred to the Treasury. Step in and examine the interior. In Broad Street, looking to the left, is the gilded pile built for and used as the Stock Exchange. Here you may be interested also, and if you are acquainted with a member, can find admittance into the stormy Babel within. As you approach Broadway, east your eyes before you, and directly facing the head of Wall Street looms up in exquisite proportions the spire of Trinity Cathedral. It is one of the finest single spires in the world. Its chimes 42 NARRATIVE GUIDE. can scarcely bo lieard for the din in the streets. At the head of Wall Street turn down or to your left, and walk to the Bovv^ling G-reen. Keep on as far as you can go, then turn to your right, and you will be at the Battery, the lowest extremity of the city. Observe and examine the more con- spicuous buildings you may pass at this point. Stop here and breathe the air from the Bay. Around the Batter}', and in a circuit of fifteen minutes' walk, is the historical part of the city, though there is nothing at present to Indicate it, absorbed as it is by the vast and various practical enterprises peculiar to the spirit of the age, and eminently so of the American people — a spirit which defies even the illumination of recent heroic splendor, and forbids anything like a permanent atmos- phere of romance or sentiment. Many of the houses once occupied by the elite of the city are standing much as they were. They can be easily distinguished from other contiguous buildings by an indescribably private look. But the Battery, though considerably enlarged, is not greatly changed since that day. Here the refined, the lovely, the gay, were wont to display their charms in a morning or afternoon promenade; or, if more sentimentally inclined, stroll through its walks in small parties, and finish the evening in Castle G-arde.v, in some pretty embowered arbor, enjoying their favorite ice-cream, not served in a saucer and shaped and tinted into artificial forms, but in high-piled tender-stemmed glasses^ more suggestive of a commingling of classical associa- tions than is the more material style of the present day. On the other hand, let humanity be grateful that the Battery is now a breathing spot for the humbler classes, to many of whom it is perhaps their only luxury ; and that Castle Garden, now the Emigrant Depot, gives the poor wanderers to our hospitable shores a feeling of security they could not possi- bly know without it. NARUATIVE GUIDE, 4:j [Castle Ga7den, at the Lattety'\ In its transition state, about twenty-five years ago, Castle Garden was used as a concert-hall, and here Jenny Lind made her first appearance in America, From the Battery retrace your steps until you reach the Bowling Green again. Stop at the head of the Bowling Green, and wait for a Broadway and Fourth Avenue, or a Broadway and Twenty-third Street omnibus. Whichever you take, alight at Union Square, and linger a moment before you take another omnibus. Turn to page 40 for the most prominent objects from "Wall Street to this point, reversing them, however, as you are now going up-ioyvn. N.B. — It would be useless to give you at present the locali- ties of any but such places as the most unaccustomed eye would instantly separate from their surroundings, because you do not yet know even the localities of the streets. You must have time to refer to your index and your map for particular (lifections. Etijoy, this first day, the inspiriting panorama! It will be the more vividly photographed upon your memory without those details which only confuse and harass tlie inex- perienced sight-seer. In the vicinity of Union Square, on your left, as you face ihe north, are many beautiful houses and piiv-a»tth sti eei — J/otel Brunsivick..] N.B. — There are several very respectable Second Class Hotels in Cortlandt street, near Broadway, including the " Western," 100 HOTELS. the "Merchants," the "National," etc., well adapted to the wants of business men who desire to stop down town, and who wish to consult economy. Ashland House — European plan, corner Fourth avenue and 24th street. Second class. Rooms and meals reasonable. Brevoort House — Corner Filth avenue and Eighth street. European plan. First class. Clarendon Hotel — Corner Fourth avenue and 18th street. American plan. First class. Fifth Avenue Hotel — Fifth avenue, 23d, and 24th streets. American plan. First class. [T/ie Grand Hotel — Broadway, corner o/Slsf slreet.] HOTELS. 101 Grand Hotel — Corner 31st street and Broadway. Euro- pean plan. First class. The Fifth Avenue Hotel and the G-rand Hotel, are eligible first-class houses for the sight-seer. They are each probably the best type of their kind in the country, the Fifth Avenue being a very perfect exposition of the purely American style of hotel-life, and the Grand the most finished in its details on the European plan. They are also perhaps the most expensive. Hotel Brunswick — Madison Square, corner of Fifth avenue and 26th street — European Plan, First class. N.B. — Cafe on first floor. Hoffman House — Corner of Broadway and 25th street. Eu- ropean plan. First class. New York Hotel — Broadway, Washington place and Wa- verley place. First class. Much frequented by Southerners. Putnam County House — Corner 26th street and Fourth ave- nue. European plan. Third class. Strictly respectable. Rooms and clean beds from 50 cents to 75 cents per day. It is largely frequented by drovers, milkmen, and marketmen generally. It is open all night, and hot meals of excellent quality are served at all hours of the night as well as day, and at very moderate charges. It is curious to look in at one, two, or three o'clock in the morning to see who are customers at such hours for hot steaks and hot cakes and cofiee. There are a large number of first, second, and third class hotels scattered through the city of the highest respectability. We by no means undertake to give a list of all. At all hotels on the European plan, meals can be got at any hour between 7 o'clock in the morning and 12 o'clock at night. 102 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. American G-eographical and Statistical Society — Cooper Institute. Open to members and to others on invitation. American Institute — Cooper Institute, Agricultural and Mechanical. Open to members and invited guests. The first "Great Medal of Honor" ever awarded by the American Institute to an inventor of that association was re- cently presented to Mr, James Lyall, inventor of the " Positive- motion Loom." This invention has been applied, with great success, to the weaving of cloths of all kinds, performing much more work in the same time than is possible by the old pro- cesses. This medal was awarded in 1869. Apprentices' Library — In Mechanics' Hall, 472 Broadway, near G-rand street. Open to members. Anthropological Institute — Formerly the Ethnological So- ciety, corner Second avenue and East 11th street. Open to members and invited guests. This Society publishes the " Journal of the Anthropological Institute of New York." In the late change the scope of the society has been greatly enlarged, and many of the difficulties attendant upon the maintenance of the old organization have been obviated. There is little doubt that the new society will occupy a prominent place in advancing knowledge in the world. AsTOR Library, east side Lafayette place, near Astor place. Founded by John Jacob Astor. Containing over one hundred thousand volumes, full of liter- ary treasures. Open to the public from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The sight-seer must not omit to visit this library. American Microscopical Society, 64 Madison avenue. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 103 Bible HousE^Astor place. — Astor place is a street of but two blocks, running out of Broadway, east side, a block below Eijjhth street. [Bible Jloase. — Fourth Avenue and A-ilor Place.] The Bible House fronts on Fourth ayenue, Astor place, and Third avenue. It is a gigantic building of brick, with stone facings. The principal entrance is on Fourth avenue. It has put in circulation over 10,000,000 of Bibles and Testa- ments, and produces them in various dialects. A large number of benevolent societies and missions have their offices in this building. 104 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. City Library — 12 City Hall — open to the public daily, from 10 to 4 o'clock. Columbia College — Forty-ninth street, between Fourth and Fifth avenues. An old and famous seminary of learning. Clinton Hall — Formerly Astor Place Opera House. — Astor place. {See illustration, page 65.) This is the first structure ever erected solely for Opera in New York. On an attempt to render it exclusive — one of the regu- lations being that no one could obtain a seat unless in full dress with white gloves — the house became exceedingly unpopular with the lower classes, and fashionable people were actually pelted with snowballs as they were entering. This feeling was not the ostensible though probably the real cause of the famous Macready riot, for the populace gladly availed themselves of the feeling manifested by " Upper Tendom " toward their favorite actor Forrest, and undertook to stop the performances of Mac- ready by force. The military were called out and were obliged to fire on the mob, killing several before they could disperse it. This, while the law was properly vindicated, threw a shadow over the spot as a place of amusement, and it was finally sold for other purposes. We may add that the absurd attempt at anti-republican cus- toms, even in small things, was effectually cut short. Convent of the Sacred Heart — Manhattanville — a short drive from Central Park. Fine and extensive building and grounds. Cooper Union — Fronts on Seventh and Eighth streets and on Third and Fourth avenues. Founded by Peter Cooper. Contains an art gallery for stu- dents in art, free, a large library, lecture-rooms, school of de- sign for women, &c., &c., &c. Free Academy — or College of the City of New York— Cor- ner Lexington avenue and Twenty-third street. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 105 This College is for rich and poor. The best classical education can be obtained here. All the expenses, including instruction, are paid out of the public treasury. A high order of scholarship prevails. G-ENEALOGiCAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SociETT — Open to members and invited o^uests — 64 Madison avenue. [Egyptian Museum — Interior of Ilistoricul l:iociety.'] Historical Society — Open to members and invited guests — Corner Second avenue and Eleventh street. Egyptia* Muse- um. Ladies' Art Association — 20 Clinton Hall, Astor plnce. 106 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. Lyceum Natural History — Fourteenth street near Fourth avenue. Open to the pubhc. Mercantile Library — Chnton Hall, Astor place. Visitors admitted. {See illustration, page 65.) Originally for merchants' clerks. The public admitted to the privileges of the reading-room and library for $5 per annum. The largest collection of books in the city except the Astor Li- brary. Mechanics' Institute — 20 Fourth avenue. Open to mem- bers. Large library. Mechanics' Society School — G-eneral Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen. Society's building, 472 Broadway. The society is one of the oldest organizations in the United States, having been instituted in 1798 and incorporated in 1820. Eighteen years ago the evening school was opened. It has been contin- ued with success ever since. At present it contains 430 pupils, mostly the sons of mechanics and themselves apprentices to some mechanical trade. Bookkeeping, writing, and drawing are taught. This institution is free. There are three freehand classes in the school, one for mechanical and one for architec- tural drawing. The school is under the management of a com- mittee of twelve members of the society. MoTT Memorial — Free Medical Library — 64 Madison avenue. Open to the public. National Academy of Design — Corner of Twenty-third street and Fourth avenue. Instituted in 1826. Annual exhi- bitions in May, June and July. Works of living artists only. Admission 25 cents. {See illusiraiion, page 54.) The National Academy of Design has resolved to open an ex- hibition of that institute on Sundays to the people, from 12 m. to 6 p. M., at a reduction of the entrance fee to 15 cents. Samuel Morse, the father of telegraphy, was also the founder of the National Academy of Design. It was at first a mere LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 107 drawing association, organized by himself and a few other ar- tists, in 1824 After it became an academy Mr. Morse was its first President, and continued in office sixteen years. New York Law Institute — 41 Chambers street, Law Li- brary, open daily to members. New York University — Washington square, east side. New York Conservatory of Music— 820 Broadway. {Society Libiary— University Place.'] New York Society Library — University place, near 12th sti-eet. Founded in 1754, contains 40,000 volumes, visitors admitted. 108 litkrary and scientific institutions. Polytechnic Association of the American Institute — 24 Cooper Institute. Printers' Free Library — 3 Chambers street, open Saturday evenings. School of Art — Cooper Institute. Theological Seminary — corner Twentieth street and Ninth avenue. Union Theological Seminary — 9 University place. Woman's Library — in New York University Building. Young Men's Christian Association — corner Fourth avenue and Twenty-third street, visitors adn)itted. It contains Eecep- tion-room, bathing-room, bowling alley, gymnasium, class-rooms, library, lecture-room, parlor, reading-room, and lecture hall. The building and lots cost five hundred thousand dollars, three hundred and fifty thousand dollars of which was given to the Association for the purpose by the merchants interested in the work. This is one of the most praiseworthy and best man- aged institutions in the city. It was organized in 1852. It was especially intended for young men who come from the country to enter in business life here. The idea was to present to such, and indeed to all young men, so agreeable a spot to spend their evenings in that they would irresistibly be drawn to it. This has proved an entire success. The building is elegantly furnished, and presents a cheering appearance during the long winter evenings. Open fires of soft coal blaze in every room, and crowds of young men can be seen in every room with happy faces. Any young man is welcome, be he member or not. There are classes for French, G-erman, Book-keeping, Wri- ting, G-ymnastics, and a dee Club. A ticket costing five dollars admits the owner to all the above classes, and to the use of gymnasium, bowling-alley, and baths for one year. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 109 Besides the buildings above described, the Association con- tuins three branches, viz. : at 285 Hudson street — at 473 G-rand street — nnd at 125th street, between Tliird and Fourth avenues. {Hi'iturical Society — Second Avet».ue.\ no MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. MEDICAL INSTITUTION??. [Harlem Dixptnsary — Fourth av. and IZbth Street.] College of Physicians and Surgeons — Corner of 23d street and Fourth avenue. Founded in 1807. The coUeo^e has a corps of eight professors and is well attended. For admittance to the Museum apply to the Janitor. College of Dentistry — Corner Broadway and East 2 1st street. Collegk of Female Physicians — Corner Second avenue and 12th street. MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. Ill College of Pharmacy — No 90 East 13th street. HoMCEOPATHic Medical College — Third avenue and East 20th street. Medical College and Charity Hospital — In the City Hos- pital, 319 Broadway, rear of the lot. New York Medical College — No. 90 East 13th street. Founded in 1850. Valuable museum, laboratory, etc. Able corps of professors. Dispensary and Hospital of the Women's Institute — 459 Sixth avenue. Lady Physician in charge. Dispensary for Throat and Chest Diseases — 234 Filth street. Open Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 1 to 3 P.M. Demilt Dispensary — 401 Second avenue. Medical attendance from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Open daily. Sundays from 9 to 10 a.m. and from 1 to 2 p.m. Eastern Dispensary — 57 Essex street, corner of Grand street. Open from 8 to 6 for medicine. Medical attendance 9 to 3. German Dispensary — No. 8 Third street. Open daily, ex- cept Sundays, from 1 to 5 p.m. HoMCEOPATHic DispENSARY — 493 Seventh avenue. Open daily, except Sundays, from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. Manhattan Dispensary — Corner 131st street and Tenth avenue. New York Homckopathio Dispensary — 109 West 34th street. Open from 10 to 4. New York City Dispensary — 114 White street, corner Centre street. Open daily, except Sundays and holidays, from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. for medicine. For medical attendance 10 a.m. to 3 P.M., Sundays from 9 to 10 a.m. North Eastern Dispensary — 100 East 59th street, near Third avenue. Open from 9 to 6. North Western Dispensary — No. 511 Eighth avenue. 112 MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. [St. Luke's Uospital — Fi/ifi avenue and 64t,t strtet.] Northern Dispensary — Waverley place, corner of Christo- pher street. YoRKviLLE Dispensary — Third avenue, between 83d and 84th streets. Eye and Ear Infirmary — Corner 13th street and Sec.nd avenue. JflSCELLANEOUS. 113 MISCELLANEOUS. Armories of New York City Militia. — Seventh Regiment New York National Guard Armory. Over Tompkins Market, corner Seventh street and Third avenue. Fitted up and fur- [6eve7it/i Regiment Armory aiid Tompkins Market — Third avenue.] nished at the expense of the companies of the regiment. The site of the armory was granted them by the consent and at the pleasure of the Common Council. Built 1859, entirely of iron. Cost $250,000. 114 ^ MISCELLANEOUS. Eighth Regiment Armory — Over Centre Market, corner Grand and Centre streets. Twenty-Second Regiment Armory — Fourteenth street near Sixth avenue. Built 1863. Cost $150,000. Thirty-Seventh Regiment Armory — Junction Broadway and Sixth avenue. Built 1861. Cost $200,000. Area of the Island of Manhattan, or City of New York — 22 square miles and 20,424 square yards. A New York snowstorm gives temporary employment to eight thousand men and boys. Assay Office — Adjoining Custom House, Pine street. Visi- tors admitted Wednesday from 10 to 12 a.m. Associated Press, New York — 83 Liberty street. Arsenal — New York State — Seventh avenue, corner Thirty- fifth street. Armory — City — Corner Elm and White streets. Appraiser — 119 G-reenwich street. Artists' Studios — Studio buildings, 51 West Tenth street, near Sixth avenue. Association Studios — Twenty-third street and Fourth av- enue. Avenues and Streets — Avenues run North and South. Streets generally East and West. After passing Amity street the streets are named by numbers — First — Second — Third, etc., to w^hich is prefixed " East" or "West," as the streets lie East or West of the Fifth avenue. Avenues are named by letter on the extreme East side of the town. The letters run from Av- enue " A " eastward. The avenue directly west of Avenue A is First avenue, and they continue numbering from thence westward, as Second avenue, Third avenue, and so on. Lexington, Park, Madison and Fifth avenues are the fash- ionable avenues of New York. Fourth and Sixth avenues are MISCELLANEOUS. 115 thoroughfares and marts. Third avenue, and the easterly ave- nues, are more or less of this description, but not much visited by the higher classes. Eighth avenue may be classed with Fourth avenue in its character. Second avenue is a highly respectable avenue for most of its length, and a portion of it is eleo:ant and aristocratic but not fashionable. {College of the City of New York— Lexington ave?iue.] The streets up town run at right angles with the avenues and are easily accessible by horse-cars, as they all cross Broadway and Fifth avenue. The irregular streets can be most easily found by referring to the map. 116 MISCELLANEOUS. In the lower part of the city the streets are very irregular. A traveller in 1806 remarks in a letter to a friend — " I am per- plexed to find my way through the crooked streets. The houses appear to be huddled together like trees in a forest. When I think I am travelling in the road I wish to go, I fre- quently find myself in one which runs in a contrary direction." Baths. Electric, Sun, Turkish, and other baths, 61 Lexington avenue. Bussian Yapor Baths, 25 E. 14th street. Public Free Baths. Foot of Charles street, North River. Foot of Fifth street. East River. Open, under very carefully printed rules and regulations, for males on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, from 5 a.m. to 9 P.M., and on Sundays from 5 a.m. to 12 m. For females on Mon- days, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 5 a.m. till 9 p.m. Banks. Bank of Commerce, Nassau, corner Cedar street. American Exchange Bank, 128 Broadway. For other banks, of which there are a large number, see City Register, in New York Directory. Board of Underwriters (Marine), 49 Broadway. Bar Association, 20 West 27th street. Committee of the Labor Exchange Ofiice, Castle Garden. Confectioneries. The best are scattered along Broadway, above Canal street. Prices generally uniform in fashionable streets. MISCELLANEOUS. 117 Commercial Register. One is to be found in the latter part of the New York City Directory, containing the names of the principal merchants and manufacturers, and forming a complete Business Directory. Croton Water Works. The Croton River is forty miles distant from the City, and its current turned into an aqueduct, and conveyed to the metro- polis. [Neio Croton Reservoir— In the Central Park.] The Croton Aqueduct Department is in the Rotunda of the City Hall — down-town Park. The Chief Officers are . — Thomas Stephens President. Robert L. Darragh Assistant Commissioner. George S. Greene Chief Engineer. Henry L. Robertson .... Chief Clerk. Benjamin S. Church .... Assistant Engineer. The Croton Dam. — The Dam is 250 feet long, and 38 feet \\ ide, allowing a discharge of water sufficient to supply the 118 MISCELLANEOUS. lake, which covers an area of 400 acres. The dam is built across Croton River, about six miles from its mouth. The Croton Aqueduct — Is thirty- two miles in length, built underground of stone and brick. The water is carried in iron pipes over the High Bridge, which spans the Harlem Eiver and Valley, distant eight miles from City Hall. The Receiving Reservoir, five miles from the City Hall, by [Croton Water Aqueduct — '•'High Bridge.''''] Harlem R. R., is capable of containing 150,000,000 gallons of water. MISCELLANEOUS. 119 The Distributing Reservoir, on 40th and 42d streets, is a splendid specimen of masonwork. Its architecture is in the Egyptian style. The New Reservoir in Central Park is intended to supply a higher pressure of water for those parts of the city where the high ground renders such an improvement necessary. The cost of the whole enterprise was over thirteen millions of dollars. When the season is remarkably dry the entire flow of the Croton River is brought into the city, and if it ever becomes necessary, resort will be had to the storage lakes in Putnam County for a supply of water for New York. High Bridge. — Over the Harlem River, eight miles from the City Hall. Reached by carriage or stage to Carmansville. Docks. Naval Dry Dock, Wallabout Bay, Brooklyn. Take Bridge street Ferry, foot of New Ciiambers street. Balance Dry Dock, between Piers 41 and 42, East river. Sectional Dry Docks, for the purpose of lifting vessels, foot of Pike street, East river ; also between Piers 42 and 43, and Piers 48 and 49, East river. Department of Docks — Office, 348 Broadway. Dry Dock. — To visit it take East Broadway and Dry Dock cars. See Index for " Cars." Express. — See " Companies." — Packages can always be sent by express from the office of your hotel. Emigrant Landing Depot — Castle Garden. Free Labor Bureau, and Intelligence Office, 8 Clinton place. Money. — American money is represented by dollars and cents, and consists of gold, silver, and copper coin. The gold coins are : the eagle, double eagle, half-eagle, quarter-eagle, and dol- lar, of the value of $10, $20, $5, $2.50, and $1 respectively. 120 MISCELLANEOUS. The silver coins are the dollar ClOO cents), the half-dollar, the quarter-dollar, and the ten cent and five cent pieces. The cop- per coins are of one and two cent pieces. During the long and severe civil war the Grovernment were forced to issue a paper currency, which is still the circulating medium of the country, though fast approximating in value to gold. This Grovernment issue is familiarly known by the name of " Greenbacks," and consists of notes in value from ten cents upwards; there is also a nickel piece of five cents. Grreenbacks are made " lawful tender " by law, except for payment of duties. There are also "National Bank" notes, an issue of private corporations, secured by a deposit of government stocks. No issue under one dollar. Markets. The two characteristic markets of the metropolis are Fulton Market — Fulton street, near Fulton feiry, East river. Washington Market, corner of Fulton and West streets, North river. Visit one of these markets early in the morning. Naturalization Office — First floor, 12i City Hall. Novelty Works— Foot of 12th street, East river. Navy Yard — Wallabout Bay, Brooklyn. Take Bridge street Ferry, at the foot of New Chambers street. Second avenue cars are the most eligible, but do not carry you quite to the ferry, Post-Office — Corner Nassau and Liberty streets. Open the entire day on week days. Sundays, from 9 to lo a.m., and from 12^ to li p. m. Postage — For any part of the United States postage must be prepaid, on all letters in three cent stamps for letters of single weight; six cent stamps for double letters, and so on ; news- MISCELLANEOUS. 121 \The Navy Yard — East Hiver, Brooklyn.'] papers, from one cent up, according to weight; small packages, like a handkerchief, or a pair of gloves, or a book, can be sent by mail, the number of stamps depending upon the number of ounces the package may weigh. Single letters throughout the city require a two cent stamp. Circulars, one cent. Stamps may be purchased at the Post-Office, or its branches, and ordi- narily at book-stores and at the ofiBce of your hotel. The Distributing Stations, connected with the Carrier's De- partment, are : — Station A, 100 Spring st. — B, 382 Grand st. — C, 627 Hudson st.— D, 12 Astor Place— E, 465 Eighth avenue— F, 342 Third avenue— G, 735 Seventh avenue— H, 978 Third avenue, Yorkville — K, 86th street, near Third avenue — L, 1922 Third avenue, Harlem — M, 158th street, Washington Heights. There are letter-boxes attached to the lamp-posts every two or three blocks in the thoroughfares. All letters can be dropped 122 MISCELLANEOUS. in any of these. They are collected nine times a day, and promptly and safely delivered. Articles purchased at the booksellers' or music-stores can be sent directly from there by mail or by express. Public Porters — Each public porter wears a brass badge in a conspicuous place upon the person, with *' pubhc porter," and the number of his license engraved thereon. For caj-rying any article in the hands half a mile or less, twenty-five cents. - If carried on a hand-cart, fifty cents. In the same proportion for greater distances. To charge more is a violation of the law, and subjects the offender to a penalty. In event of overcharge, apply to the Mayor, No. 6, City Hall. Police Stations. 156 West 20th street. 165 East 22d street. First avenue, corner Fifth street. 221 Mercer street. 53 Spring street. 247 Madison street. 160 Chambers street. 126th street, near Third avenue. 152d street and Tenth avenue. 126 Wooster street. City Hall, in the Park, Broadway and Chambers street. 65 G-reenwich street. 300 Mulberry street. Whitehall street, corner of State street. 120 East 35th street. Police Commissioners — Office 300 Mulberry street. The above are a few of the most accessible stations. MISCELLANEOUS. 123 Printing-house Square — Opposite City Hall Park. An open paved space scarcely large enough to be called a square. In its vicinity are nearly all the leading newspaper establishments of the city. The Times, Tribune, and Sun are within the square. The Herald, the World, the News, the Ex- j)ress, the Mail, the Staats Zeitung, and a large number and va- riety of weekly and other prints in the immediate neighborhood. A statue of Franklin ornaments the square. * Printing-Offices — The printing establishments of New York are a marvel. The sight-seer should not fail to visit some of the more important, and witness the working of the machinery and the numerous appointments connected with the issue of the large dailies of the metropolis. He should then pay a visit to " The Harpers," Frankhn square — perhaps the largest establish- ment in the world — and to " Frank Leslie's," corner of Pearl and Elm streets, another mammoth establishment, and witness the printing of the pictorials — a very curious operation. Produce Exchange — A handsome brick edifice in Whitehall street, between Water and Pearl, — a general daily meeting ground for dealers in grain, flour, produce, etc. Eailroad Companies — For these see City Register in New York Directory. Eailroad Guide — Appleton's. Tourists had better purchase one. Price 25 cents. Seamen's Exchange — 187 and 189 "Cherry street. A hand- some four-story building, with a white stone front and a Man- sard roof. It is intended to be a creditable and safe resort for Jack ashore. Stewart's Store — This is a feature of the city, from its size and being a mart in itself. It occupies the entire block from Broadway to Fourth avenue, and from Ninth to Tenth streets. It is the largest retail store in the world. It is visited as a cu- riosity and is also a safe and convenient place for shopping. It 124 MISCELLANEOUS. [The Produce Exchange— Whitehall Street.] contains almost everything that is to be bought in the different varieties of stores in Broadway. Here is but one price, and there are cheap articles for those limited in purse. Safe Deposit Companies — These are admirable institutions. Valuables of larger or smaller bulk are kept here secure for a small percentage. For principal office see Index for "Companies," Suburban Railroads — Hudson River Railroad Depot, for places between New York and Yonkers, Corner of Thirtieth street and Tenth avenue. New Haven Railroad Depot, corner Twenty-seventh street «and Fourth avenue. MISCELLANEOUS. 125 Hudson River and Harlem Railroad Depot, Forty-second street and Fourth avenue. {See illustration, page 74.) Steamboats — The North and East River Steamboats are in their luxurious appointments, and their elegance of finish and ornamentation really palatial. To be seen at the wharv^es. Tiffany's — This store, an exquisite establishment, is also visited as a curiosity. So full of rare and beautiful combinations of jewelry, bronzes, and ornamental articles, large and small — its interior seems an enchanted palace, while its exterior exhi- bits one of the finest specimens of architectural taste in the me- tropolis. Telegraph Offices — These offices are in all the principal Hotels and Railroad Depots. View of New York — The most comprehensive is to be seen from Brooklyn Heights — take Wall Street Ferry — and from the steeple of Trinity Church. What can be Bought in Broadway — Everything. Some useful articles are cheaper in the avenues. See Index for "Shopping." Wharves. — Among the most picturesque scenes presented to the sightseer are the wharves of any city. Perhaps the mcst so in the world are those of New York, partly owing to their extent, the city being an island, partly to the cosmo- politan character of those employed at, or who build aboat them. There are belt railways leading from and connecting some of the principal car lines, so that the wharves are easily acces- sible. The North river wharves, particularly those towards the lower end of the city, are the most interesting, as here there is an accumulation of home trade which gives infinite anima- tion to the scene. Besides the forests of shipping clustered in our harbor, the magnificent river steamboats are something to be seen only in American docks. 126 OMNIBUSES. OMNIBUSES. Their starting-point, terminus, and route. Omnibuses have their route printed in large letters on the outside. They run till 12 o'clock at night. They do not run on Sun- days. Fare, ten cents. Broadway and Fifth Avenue. — From Fulton Ferry to Fulton street, to Broadway, to Eleventh street, to University place, to Thirteenth street, to Fifth avenue, to Forty-seventh street. Returns same route. Broadway and Fourth Avenue. — From South Ferry to Broadway, to Union square, to Fourth avenue, to Thirty-second street. Returns same route. Broadway, Twenty-third Street and Ninth Atenue. — From South Ferry to Broadway, to Twenty-third street, to Ninth avenue, to Thirtieth street. Returns same route. Madison Avenue. — From Wall street Ferry through Wall street, to Broadway, to Twenty-third street, to Madison ave- nue, to Fortieth street. Returns same route. For other Omnibus routes see outside of the differ(>at vehicles. PARKS AND SQUARES. 127 PARKS AND SQUARES. [The Park at '• The Battery:''] There are numerous public squares, or so-called "parks" scattered through the metropolis ; but as it is impossible to visit other places of particular interest without passing them, we give the localities of only the principal ones, and these without description. We believe that what can be left un- 128 PARKS AND SQUARES. described is always more fully enjoyed : description uniformly raising the expectations beyond probable realization. It is for this reason we have pursued this principle throughout the hand-book. Battert. — At the lowest or southerly extremity of the city, on the Bay. Size twelve acres. Fine trees and seats. Music in summer. Bowling Green — Just above the Battery and at the foot of Broadway. At the time of the Revolution it contained a leaden statue of Greorge III. which the patriots demolished and converted into musket balls. Gramercy Park — Between Irving place and Lexington avenue and 20th and 21st streets. Hudson Square — Hudson, Laight, Varick and Beach streets. This was once the " Court end" of town. The houses still re- main as they were. On this square are St. John's Episco- pal church, and the Laight Street church, formerly un- der the pasto- rate of Dr. Cox, the dis- tinguished [Washington Monument— Union Square.] Presbyteiian. Hudson square is now the Hudson River freight depot. Madison Square — Seven acres — Madison avenue and Fifth avenue, east and west; 26th street and 23d street, north and south. This square is in, perhaps, the most beautiful part of the city PARKS AND SQUARES. 129 On the east side is Dr. Adams' Presbyterian Church. This clergyman is one of the most profound, as well as popular preachers of his denomination. On the west side of the square is the Fifth Avenue and other fine hotels, and the Worth monument, and on the south side Broadway intersecting Fifth avenue. (See illustrution^ Tp^g^ 39.) SxurvESANT Square — Four acres — Both sides of Second ave- nue, east and west, between 17th and 15th streets, north and south. Tompkins Square — 10| acres — Avenues B and A, east and west, between 10th and 7th streets, north and south. Music in summer. This square is especially accessible for the working classes. The Park — 11 acres — Broadway, Chambers street, Centre street and Park row. In it are the City Hall and the various corporation build- ings, the New Court House, and the new United States Post- Office. Union Square — Z^ acres — Between Fourth avenue and Broad- way, east and west, and 17th and 14th streets, north and south. Wash ngton Square— 9.^ acres — University place, Waverley place, Macdougal street, and Fourth street. This square was formerly called " Washington Parade Ground." Previously to that it was used as the " Potters' [Lincoln Monument — Union Sqtcare.] 130 PARKS AND SQUARES. Field," so called — that is, the pauper's burying ground, and for many years an immense number of interments took place in trenches, where now flourish its finest trees. After it became a pleasure ground, fine residences sprung up around it, and it was a centre of fashion. The houses still re- main, and in some instances are occupied by their original owners. On the east side of the Square is the " University ; " also a Dutch Reformed Church ; minister, Rev. Dr. Hutton, an old and able Dutch Reformed preacher. Music in summer. All the parks are constantly undergoing improvements, which add from year to year to their beauty and luxury. [Jlount Sinai Hospital — Lexington Avenue.} PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 131 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. [The Keio Post Offlce, in the City Ilall Park.'] Among the most conspicuous for arcliitectiiral effect are: City Hall, in the Park. Built in 1803-10. It is a noble edifice of admirable proportions. Its clock-tower is the finest in the country, and its clock, as a time-keeper, unsurpassed. The clock is illuminated at night. Paintings in the Governor's room, by Trumbull, Weir, Catlin, Inman, Elliott, and others — all American artists. Accessible during all the day. 132 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. It is an interesting fact, showing the amazing growth of the city, that the rear of this edifice is built of brown-stone, while the Iront and sides are of marble. No one then supposed the city would ever reach above the City Hall, and brown-stone was used for the rear as a matter of economy. Court House — New. In the Park. Built at a fabulously exaggerated expense, and even now not finished. Its cost, including the furniture, according to the commissioner's ac- counts, is thus far nearly fifteen millions of dollars! It will be a monument of the extravagance, corruption and rascality of the municipal party in power at the time of its construction. Custom House — Formerly Merchants' Exchange. Southeast corner Wall and William streets. Constructed of blue gianite ; 200 feet in length, 171 in width. Fine portico of 18 Ionic columns. The interior is equally impos- ing. Built in 1835. Cost $1,800,000. Castle Garden — In the Battery. Built in Colonial times for a fort. It afterwards became a fashionable resort; then a concert hall, and is now the Emigrant Depot. New Post Office — In the Park. Here the United States Courts will be held. Perhaps the finest structure of the kind in America. Will cost about five millipns of dollars. It consists of three stories, sur- mounted by a Mansard roof of the style (French Renaissance) of the Tuileries and the Hotel de Ville. It will be ornamented by twenty fine statues, and will display large clocks at several points. The public corridor is 600 feet in length and 25 feet wide. Present Post Office — In Nassau street, from Cedar street to Liberty street. {See illustration, page 87.) This building was formerly the Middle Dutch church, of revo- lutionary memory. In its steeple Franklin studied and de- veloped his electrical theories. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 133 [City Prisons— The " Tomlis"— Centre Street.'] The "Tombs," or City Prison — It occupies a square between Centre, Elm, Franklin, and Le mard streets. The prison contains 150 cells. The police and other courts are held in the building. Execulions take place in the interior court. It is a massive structure, built of granite, and in the Egyptian style, and especially gloomy in appearance. Visitors are admitted on application to the keeper. There are eleven cells especially constructed for criminals sen- tenced to death or imprisonment for life. This corridor is called " Murderers' Row." Each prisoner costs the county about thirty cents a day. 134 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. There are many more cells on the male than on the female side of the prison. It was built in 1838. There is both Catholic and Protestant worship held in the Tombs. United States Treasury — Corner Wall and Nassau streets. Imposing building. White marble. Grecian architecture. One of the most substantially built edifices in the world. It is 200 feet long; 80 feet high, and 80 feet wide. At the main entrance is a flight of 18 marble steps. It has two porti- cos of eight Grecian columns, each 32 feet high. On this site (the old Federal Hall). Washington delivered his Inaugural Ad- dress. (See illustration, page 45.) Other public buildings, all of which are costly and imposing, are indicated in the "Narrative," in *' Asylums," in "Benevo- lent Institutions," in " Literary and Scientific Institutions," and under other headings. [Deaf aiid Dumb Institution — IQM Street.^ SUMMKR RKSORTS — WATERING PLACES. 135 SUMMER RESORTS— WATERING PLACES, The most distinguished are : — Saratoga Springs and Lake G-eorge. — Via Hudson River Railroad. Distance from New York, 183 miles. Newport, Rhode Island. — Via Fall River steamboat. Pier 28, foot of Murray street. — Distance from NewYork, 144 miles. Long Branch, New Jersey. — Pier 32, North River, foot of Duane and Jay streets. Distance from New York, 32 miles. WniTE Mountains. — Via New Haven Railroad. Distance from New York, 330 miles. Niagara Falls. — Via Harlem or Hudson River Railroad. Distance from New York, 450 miles. West Point. — By boat. Pier 39, North River, or by Hudson River Railroad. Distance from New York, 52 miles. Places of Resort Short Distances from Town of Lesser Note but First-class, and Pleasant for a Trip of a Day, New Brighton, Staten Island. — Ferry, foot of Whitehall street. Boats leave several times daily. Coney Island. — Though not a fashionable resort, has a splendid beach, and very fine surf-bathing, and is about 10 miles from NewYork. By boat. Pier 1, North River, Battery place ; by car, Brooklyn horse cars. Depot, 36th street, near Fifth avenue, Brooklyn. Catskill Mountains. — By boat, Pier 35, North River, foot of Franklin street, or by Hudson River Railroad. New Rochelle. — Eighteen miles, by New Haven Railroad. Hoboken. — Interesting from being the place where Burr and Hamilton fought their fatal duel. Ferry, foot of Barclay street. Boats run every fifteen minutes. 136 SUMMER RESORTS — WATERING PLACES. The vicinity of New York abounds in pleasant summer re- treats. The summer generally comes with sudden fierceness, and precipitating the heated term, and leading every one to think of the numerous cool resorts by the seaside and on the mountain top. Then hotel proprietors of these places set ac- tively to work, preparing for the reception of the dusty and overworked of the metropolis, who seek brief refuge from the' cares of business. In the countless cosy little nooks that clus- ter on the Sound and Bay and inlets on the Atlantic coast, that are scattered broadcast over the valleys of New Jersey and Penn- sylvania, that greet the wayfarer at every station on the railroads of the Empire State, that hide under the shadow of the mountains of New England, and that dot the vast region of the West, the hum of preparation is heard. The annual flight from the haunts of business and the hurly-burly of the metropolis is a cheerful phase in American life. The prodigious energy and untiring attention to business displayed by our people, which seem incredible to our transatlantic friends, find a necessary safety valve in the summer time, when the merchant, the broker, the manager, the speculator, the editor, etid omne genus, meet together in some cool, pleasant spot, to lose the cares and trials of a busy life in the lethe of a watering place, a mountain eyrie, or a quiet rural cottage. HINTS AND NOTES. 137 HINTS AND NOTES. We have endeavored to prepare ar.d group systematically the information we have furnished for the visitor to the metropohs. But there are innumerable points on almost innumeraVjle sub- jects which defy classification, but which it is an absolute ne- cessity for the traveller to be informed about. We conceive it to be one of the important points for a Handbook or Gruide to answer certain questions which naturally rise to the lips of the visitor about a thousand matters of everyday occurrence. We have devoted, therefore, considerable room to these everyday topics. They will serve the stranger better than if we had used the same space in describing the very buildings he is going to see, or in telling him what he cannot help finding out when he arrives at the spot. We have arranged even these desultory but interesting pieces of information as far as possible in alpha- betical order, thus carrying out the plan with which we com- menced, to present everything in that shape, so that while we give a very extensive and minute index, the possessor of the Handbook may open at any page and pass from one subject to another in the order of the alphabet. This is making every- thing as simple as A, B, C. A LADY MAY WEAR, at the present time, to any entertainment, a high-necked, long-sleeved dark or black silk dress, if it be fresh and fashionably made. This is convenient to know, for there are many ladies who, in travelling, do not wish to be cumbered with the enormous trunks Avhich are necessary to carry a set of regular party dresses. Gentlemen, at parties, must appear in full dress — i. e., black dress coat and pantaloons, plain vest, and gloves. 138 HINTS AND NOTES. A GLASS OF BRANDY, in an emergency, can be obtained at any apothecary. No wines, ales, or liquors are permitted to be sold in New York at any bar on Sunday. The guests of a hotel can be served with them, however, at table or in their rooms. Barnum's Museum, as it was, was one of the institutions of the metropolis, but exists no longer. It formerly stood on the [Interior of Wood's Musezim — Formerly Barnum's Museum.] site of the Herald building. It was removed farther up town and destroj^ed by fire a few years ago, with most of its stock of curiosities. The killing of a tiger which had escaped into the street, by one of the policemen, was one of the incidents of the fire. The curiosities which were saved were distributed HINTS AND NOTES. 139 among private exhibitions, except those now included in Wood's Museum. The receipts of Barnum's Museum were at one time between four and five hundred thousand dollars a year. There was z. furore about it all over the country, and even in Europe. People coming in town would visit it the first thing after securing their rooms at their hotel, and distinguished for- eigners asked to see " Barnum." Billiards — There are billiard rooms connected with most of the hotels and large saloons and restaurants throughout the city. Boulevards — The Grand Boulevard is a continuation of Broadway, above 59th street and Eighth avenue; running diagonally to 72d street and Tenth avenue ; thence continu- ing north to the upper end of the Island, at Harlem Eiver. The Grand Boulevard, when completed, with its long vistas of shade-trees, will far surpass the Champs Elysees of Paris, the Unter der Linden of Berlin, or Hyde Park Lane in London. Bay of New York. — It is considered by some the finest in the world. Banks Open — From 10 to 3 o'clock. There is no special rule for the business offices as to hours. Base Ball Games — Every week in summer, in the various suburbs. Generally advertised in the daily papers. Go and see them. Boat Eaces and Horse Races — Are always advertised in the daily papers before they take place. The City Budget. — We give the following to show the curi- ous financial operations of the Metropolis : — The Chamberlain makes the following weekly exhibit of the city finances, showing thi receipts, payments and balances of each account : — • 140 HINTS AND NOTES. / Balance ^ April 20. April 30. City Treasury $2,904,155.89 $2,573,088.15 Sinkinp^ Fund Redemption 22,732.75 52,46". 10 Sinking Fund Interest 299,345.61 125,467.20 Interest on City Stocks 34,659.68 2,402,180.60 Board of Apportionment 40,966.00 63,500.79 County Treasury 1,131,164.56 663,906.91 • . Total $4,473,024.49 $5,970,700.81 Payments. Receipts, City Treasury $1,797,052.-50 $1,405,984.76 Sinking Fund Redemption 3,025.84 32,760.24 Sinking Fund Interest 182,991.89 9.113.49 Interest on City Stocks 1,034.74 2,458,555.66 Board of Apportionment 22,624.79 County Treasury 700,997.91 233,740.26 Totals $2,685,102.88 $4,162,779.20 Commerce, Industry, and Immigratfon, The principal branches of New York industry may be divided into three classes. The first class embraces those branches which furnish what is most indispensable to living: food, cloth- ing, constructiou of buildings, and furniture. The second class comprises : manufactures in articles of luxu- ry, goldsmiths' work, plate, jewelry, carriages, trade in indus- trial articles, and implements manufactured in New York State, and the New England States. Those most intimately connected with intellectual wants, such as printing, engraving, the paper-trade, etc., particularly re- markable in this Metropolis. The commercial, or industrial associations, which are estab- lished in the city of New York are, besides many great railways and financial companies, the following: life insurance compa- nies, omnibus companies, gas-lighting companies, dry dock companies, the trans-Atlantic telegraph company, fire insurance HINTS AND NOTES. 141 companies, express companies, various dock companies, and steamship companies. In fine, New York is the centre of an immense category of prosperous enterprises. CusTOM-HousE Dues. Persons arriving from foreign countries in New York have to submit to the visit of the custom-house officer before disem- barking. This is apt to be disagreeable in proportion to the resistance you are disposed to show. Since the war, duties on imported articles have been very largely increased and the examinations of travellers' baggage, formerly so slight, is now very strict. It appears from the report of the Bureau of Statistics, lately issued, that there was in the last year, ending December 31, a large increase, both of our commerce and immigration, over the previous year. The total number of emigrants that arrived in 1871 was 346,939, of whom 204,728 were males, and 142,210 females. This is at the rate of nearly a thousand a day. Our imports of merchandise for 1871 amounted to $572, 501,- 304, and of domestic exports to $445,503,658. Our export of specie, however, was $65,682, 42, or, deducting $17,399,415 of specie and bullion imported, the balance of the precious metals exported amounted to $48,282,927. The total commerce in im- ports and exports, including re-exports of foreign merchandise and specie, amounted to the vast sum of $1,127,043,676. The total imports for the year 1871 exceeded those of 1870 $103,078,902, and the exports amounted to $57,300,173 over those of 1870. Our commerce increased in one year, imports and exports included, $160,379,080. City Wall. — The only city wall was one long since de- molished, built across Wall street to keep out the Indians. Calls and Callers. — Calls of ceremony are made between two and half-past four o'clock. Morning calls between eleven 142 HINTS AND NOTES. and twelve, evening calls between eight and nine; evening calls may be prolonged to ten or half-past ten. Morning calls are made in simple walking costume, afternoon and evening calls in more dressy suits, with either long or short skirts. Courts are open to the Public at all times. No fees necessary; secure a seat if you can. City Limits extend over the entire island of Manhattan, and the Central Park Commissioners have also control over the southerly portion of Westchester county. Colleges of the City: — Columbia College. Free Academy, or College of the City of New York. University. Medical Colleges. Female Medical College. Theological Seminaries. Collections of Objects of Art. — These are to be seen at Art Galleries (see index), and at Groupil's, Tiffany's, and at other public places which have no permanent locality, but are advertised freely in the daily newspapers. Carts and Carmen. — The prices lor loading, transportation, and unloading of goods, wares and other articles, are fixed by law. When the distance exceeds half a mile, and is within a mile, one-third more shall be added to the regular rates, and in the same proportion for any greater distance. Asking and receiv- ing more than the legal rates is a violation of the law, and punishable accordingly. In any difficulty apply to the Mayor. Each cart is numbered. Take a memorandum of the number before you lose sight of your goods. On the first of May, or " moving-day," the demand for cart- age is so great, that exaggerated prices have to be paid to get your goods and chattels moved at all. This is the only excep- tion to the "general rule. HINTS AND NOTES. 143 Choice of Locality. — Any of the streets crossing Broadway, either side, are eligible as a residence as far down town as Wa- verley Place (though few would care to go below 20th street), and as far up town as you choose to go. Also all the avenues, west of First avenue, except Third, Sixth, and Eighth. These are occupied by shop-keepers, artisans, etc. The fashionable streets for those who are able to live in them are easily dis- tinguished by their beauty and elegance. Crystal Palace. — The Crystal Palace once stood on the Sixth avenue side of the 42d street reservoir. That spot is now a small and pretty public square — called Reservoir Park. Churches. — (For list of the most prominent, see page 78.) N. B. — The variety in style of our churches proclaims the su- premacy of the public conscience, which imposes no belief on any man, but lets the congregations of any creed build as they like, if they can pay for it. Distances in the City — Twenty blocks make a mile. This means the length of the blocks, including the streets, and not a square block. Distances across the Ferries. South, 1,066 yards. Fulton, 731 yards. Catharine, 745 yards. Williamsburg, 952 yards. Staten Island, 6,418 yards. The length of the blocks between First and 121st streets, varies from 181 to 212 feet; distance between the avenues, from 405 to 920 feet. Width of Streets and Avenues. The avenues are all 100 feet wide, excepting Lexington and Madison, which are 75, and Fourth avenue, above 34th street, which is 140 feet wide. Ii4 HINTS AND NOTE?. The numerical streets are all 60 feet wide, excepting 14th, 23d, 34:th, 42d, and eleven others, north of these, which are 100 feet wide. Drlnking Saloons — Fiom the most aristocratic to the most disreputable, are scattered through all parts of the Metropolis, and are a feature of New York life quite incomprehensible to the European. Directory. — There is but one New York Directory. It is published every year in July with revisions, and comprehends all names with business address and private residence, and an immense amount of local statistics and information. [Academjj of tJie Sacred Heart—Tenth Avenve.\ HINTS AND NOTES. 145 Dinner Hour. — The dinner hour in New York is from five to half-past six. Evening calls may be made by gentlemen and ladies as early as eight o'clock. Detectives. — The Detective force in New York is an invalua- ble institution. Its members are shrewd and courageous, and it is an art with them to appear like private citizens. Dorlan's Oysters — Are to be had at a stand in Fulton Mar- ket. His " Saddle Rocks," cooked in various ways, are very celebrated. If near the market, try them. Elevators — These are now introduced not only in all the principal hotels, but also in the large buildings down town which are let for offices. Fashionable Dressmakers — Their charges are so exorbitant that many ladies in the upper circles prefer to buy patterns, and, with the aid of a plain seamstress and a sewing-machine, make their own dresses. See daily papers for seamstresses' adver- tisements. Patterns, of all kinds, can be bought at stores where nothing else is kept. See daily papers for advertisements of these. Fashion Plates — There are many monthly magazines, and some weekly papers, devoted to these special illustrations, but altogether the best descriptions accompany those in Frank Leslies Lady's Magazine. These descriptions are minute and intelligible. Single numbers can be bought at any book-store or book-stand. Frank Leslie's Lady's Journal^ a weekly paper, also contains excellent illustrations, as also Harper's Bazar. Fashion, — The approach of summer dispels all thought!;, of gas-light receptions. These are succeeded by a grand display of street-fashions, every Sunday, on Fifth avenue, and later, by a still more brilliant display, at the races at Jerome Park. All New York, young and old, on the tip-toe of expectation, im- patiently wait for the opening of the Jerome Park races. French Cooking — Is now fully appreciated and practised in 146 HINTS AND NOTKS. New York. The first-class hotels all employ French cooks ; so do the clubs, as well as rich private families. Fashionable Newspapers — There are several of these week- lies. They are mainly interesting from furnishing the most minute and elaborate descriptions of some of the costly parlies, receptions, and weddings, given in the metropolis, and for their gossip and small talk about so-called fashionable people. They cannot be relied on as to the social status of individuals and families, being got up entirely in the Jenkins style of literature. The stranger will, however, be entertained in looking at some of these issues. Foreign Money — Is not current, but can be exchanged at exchange offices. You will find many of these in Wall street, and along Broadway. French and German Waiters. — There is a large mixture of these, wirh Irish and English waiters, in most of the hotels and restaurants. Fruit Stores — The finest are principally in Broadway, and among the business streets down town. Home and foreign fruits, fresh and diied, and in the greatest perfection, are to be had at these stores at all seasons. Also every species of nuts, both American and foreign. Furnished Apartments. — This has become a very customary way for letting rooms. Those to be let, without board, are advertised in the daily payers. Furnished Houses. — There are splendid, as well as merely comfortable, furnished houses to be let by the year — all at an extravagant price, however. See daily newspapers' advertis- ing columns. German Emigration — The Hamburg papers report that emi- gration of Germans to the United States (1872), from Meck- lenburg, is of such a remarkable character that several villages are almost depopulated. Forty-five hundred Mecklenburgers HINTS AND NOTES. 147 passed through Hamburg last year on their ^yay to this country, and large numbers are preparing to follow them this season. The same can be said of other parts of G-ermany. It is shown by the statistics that the Grerraan element in the United States, fed by continual accessions from the Fatherland, is increasing relatively faster than any other. Grocery Stores — These stores, which occupy the first floor of many corner buildings, supply most families of all classes with every species of food with the exception of butchers' meat. The sale of the latter, with most of the vegetables, poultry, game, and fish, is monopolized by the markets and "shop butchers." Great Thoroughfares — Broadway is the principal thorough- fare of Nevv York, and extends from the extreme lower end of the metropohs to its limit at the end of the island, whence it is continued through the suburban city of Yonkers, a distance of about twenty miles. This street is policed and lighted its whole length. In the unbuilt or country districts it is guarded by mounted policemen. If there be a unique street architec- turally, it is Broadway. The entire disregard of unity, the competition in costly and massive buildings, the diversity of material, as well as adornment, combine to make it as a highway of commerce, the paragon of the world, and in every pillar, facade and cornice proclaim it the special result of the energy and enterprise of a free, thriving people. The Bowery — Begins at Chatham street, and extends until it meets Thu*d and Fourth avenues at Sixth street. It is filled with stores of all kinds, where cheaper goods are sold than in Broadway. Most of the stores are kept by Jews and Germans. The shops of the former are open on Sunday in this thorough- fare. Almost all the German places of amusement are in the Bowery. Canal Street — Which runs east and west, from the North 148 niXTS AND NOTES. River to Enst Broadway, crossing the Bowery, Broadway, and Hudson street, is one of the widest streets and busiest tho- roughfares in the metropolis; but being now "down town" it partakes more or less of the character of the down-town com- merce and trade. For other thoroughfares see " Avenues and Streets." Eighth Avenue — This avenue joins Hudson street at Abing- don square, and constitutes one large and busy thoroughfare southward. On the north it runs up a broad and strait drive to Macomb's Dam, Harlem river, or one hundred and fifty-fifth street. Hudson street is an old street and exhibits less of the foreign element in its inhabitants than any other thoroughfare in New York. An old. respectable and substantial class of trades-people occupy it, and the streets in its neighborhood, which are well built up, with here and there even handsome houses. Here is evidently considerable wealth, though far re- moved from any fashionable vicinity or associations. Sixth Avenue — Is much frequented by ladies of the highest class for shopping. Here are excellent markets and grocery stores. One of the finest street views in the city is from either corner of Sixth avenue and Twenty-third street, looking east and west through the latter street. This view increases in beauty until you reach Broadway, Gajibling Houses — These are of two classes, the high and the low. It is dangerous for any one to enter either. Persons are enticed into the low houses to become victims. The high-class houses are on their dignity and solicit no one. But if you enter, woe be to you. There are no places so seductive as these houses, and the misery they create is deadly. The " day " gambling houses are down town among business marts. G-YMNASiUMS — See the popular advertisements. Excellent ones abound in the metropolis. How to stop a stage or car when you wish to get out: In HINTS AND NOTES. 149 the omnibus pull tiie strap which runs along the top. In the car speak to the conductor when you give him your fare, and tell him where you wish to get off. Harlem River — This river, with Spuyten Duyvel creek, con- nects the East River with the Hudson, and forms the northern boundary of New York. The Harlem is a beautiful river with verdurous and wooded banks and bordered with elegant resi- dences, and spanned by stately bridges and plied by pretty steamboats and other craft. Hints on Accepting Invitations — If you are invited to an entertainment and you find the letters " R. S. V. P." in the corner of the card or note, be sure to answer it, accepting or declining, and in no case alter your determination afterwards. Ii the hour is indicated, do not go before that hour. In arriving at the house, ask the man who shows you up the steps at what hour the carriage must be ordered for you to leave. If you are invited to dine, be punctual to the minute. If to an evening entertainment, and the hour is not designated, do not go before ten o'clock. At all entertainments the lady of the house is the first person you will see on entering the rooms. She is always near the drawing-room door to receive her guests. After receiving an invitation it is customary to call in acknowledgment of the courtesy within a week after the entertainment has taken place. Hell Gate and the East River Improvement, — Few peo- ple are aware of the stupendous work going on at Hell Gate and of the important results that may be expected to ensue from it. The removal of the rocks there, so as to make a perfectly free and safe channel for the largest vessels, was a vast under- taking. In this age, however, hardly anything seems impossi- ble to engineering skill. In view, therefore, of the importance of opening a free and safe channel for the commerce of New 150 HINTS AND NOTES. York by the way of Long Island Sound and the East River, the goveinraent resolved to remove the Hell Gate obstructions. The work was commenced a httle more than two years ago, and it is beheved tliat in less than two years more the whole will be completed. It is under the charge of Major-General John Newton, of the United States Engineer Corps. A vast deal of rock has already been blasted out and cleared away. Of about one hundred and sixty-five thousand cubic yards of rock to be removed, at least forty two thousand yards have been taken out. For removing the rest the rock is being tunnelled and pierced in every direction. When this is accomplished a tremendous blast will be made with seven thousand pounds of nitio-glycerine, equal in force to seventy thousand pounds ot gunpowder. The Excarations Under the East River, Hell Gate. HINTS AND NOTES. 151 explosion will be a small earthquake. The details of the work are exceedingly interesting to scientific men. But the import- ant fact is with regard to the results that must follow to the commerce of the city and to the improvement of the upper part ol the island. When the largest steamship in the European trade can come safely to this port through Hell Gate and by way of Long Island Sound, thus saving time and sometimes avoiding danger by the outer passage, we may expect a portion of the business at least will be located far up town ; and when, in addition to the clearing of Hell Gate, a large ship canal and a fine system of docks shall be made, by the Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvel, to connect the Sound and East River with the Hudson River, there will be, no doubt, a surprising change in the business localities of JSTew York. Hotel Coaches — These are equally respectable with the hacks for taking travellers to or from their specific hotels, and much cheaper, for you have only to pay for your own seat. Holidays in New Yokk. Thanksgiving-day is celebrated in every household in New York by a particularly good dinner, but not with the absolute zest of the New England feast. Great numbers of New York- ers go into New England to spend the day with relations at their old homes. The Fourth of July. — The great national holiday is a day of unexampled confusion in the metropolis. The poorest boy or gill has, at least, a handful of fire-crackers, and the majority of private citizens have a display of small fireworks in their yards in the evening, while in the parks, and especially at the City Hall, the exhibition is one of surpassing splendor. The firing of pistols and crackers on every hand is heard at daybreak, simultaneously with the firing of guns from the Battery, the 152 HINTS AND NOTi:S. Fort«, the shipping in the harbor, and the Navy Yard. The excitement knows no abatement until midnight. Washington's Birth-day is celebrated by a parade of all the mihtary companies of the city, and a universal rejoicing; but, unlike the 4th of July, the day is characterized by the utmost decorum and dignity. Evacuation-day. — The day the British evacuated New York is celebrated like Washington's Birth-day, but with less general feeling. New Year's Day. — This is specially a New York institution, for it originated with the Dutch settlers, and is maintained with unabated enthusiasm, especially by the fashionable classes. Ladies stay at home to receive calls, and gentlemen have the undisputed use of the thoroughfares and streets from nine o'clock in the morning till midnight. Houses are put in the finest order in preparation for the day, and every one is in their best dress, best spirits, and best looks; and the most elaborate tables, loaded with every delicacy, are prepared. It is the great festival day of New York. Christmas Day is also universally observed, especially among the children, to whom a Christmas party and Christmas tree are a matter of course. On all these holidays business is entirely suspended as on Sunday. The religious holidays of Episcopalians and Roman Catholics are celebrated here as elsewhere. St. Patrick's Day is the great holiday of Irish emigrants. They parade the streets with military companies, music and banners. The Orangemen now also have their parades, as do the Ger- mans, while the various benevolent societies, target compa- nies, and other companies, keep the city gay with their turn- outs. HINTS AND NOTKS. 153 How TO Descend at the Right Spot from a Stage or Car. — If you wish to stop at a street on your car or omnibus route, whose locality you do not know, request the stage-driver or car conductor, when you hand him your fare, to let you know when he reaches there. How to Get a Daily Paper. — They are to be bought in all hotels in the morning and at stands in the streets, at or near depots and ferries, and of newsboys as they pass along, and in the steam cars and ferry-boats, and can be seen in the reading-rooms of njany hotels. Information bureau, for friends of arriving emigrants — Castle Garden. If You ARE IN A Hurry and wish to Catch a Train — Take a cab at a hack-stand, to be seen along any of the parks or squares, on the thoroughfares. The omnibuses and cars have to stop frequently, which takes up a great deal of time ; see " Hacks and Hackmen " for prices. If You Choose to take the Trouble of Seeing to Your Own Baggage — One trunk, one bag, and one bundle for each person can be put on your carriage free of charge. If You leave an Article in an omnibus or car, and remem- ber the member of the conveyance, go to its depot. See index for omnibuses and cars. There is a good chance of your recover- ing it. If not, there is no other way teut to advertise it with promise of a reward. See first column in morning Herald for these kind of advertisements. Ice Water can be had for the asking at all railroad depots, at restaurants — in fact, everywhere. Extension of the City of New York since 1836 : At that period the Astor House, which was opened first of June in that year, was considered " up town." Immigration — From the 1st of January to the 31st of March, 1872, 12,497 persons arrived in New York from the German 154 HINTS AND NOTES. States — against 3,948 from Ireland, 7,554 from England, and 1,368 from France. The excess of Glerman immigration was a re- markable feature in the retmns of 18G9-70, but the French war stopped the tide for the ensuing year. It is now setting in again with remarkable vigor, the German arrivals this year already out- numbering the Irish three to one. Another noticeable point is the unusual increase in the number of skilled laborers who are coming in ; the aggregate being 3,570 for the months of Janu- ary, February and March, against a total of 6,241 unskilled workmen — and if to these be added the number of 3,239 far- mers who have arrived during the same period, the common laborers who follow no other avocation than that of the hewers of wood and the drawers of water are actually in a minority. This is a good sign. It shows that the careful farmer and the skilled mechanic are beginning to take the places of the ignorant peasant and the pauper, and that the general character of the im- migration will add to our national strength. Another fact, inter- esting to students of social problems, is the rapid increase of the Protestant over the Roman Catholic element. Great Britain, exclusive of Ireland, has sent us 7,554 immigrants since Janu- ary ; the German States and the Scandinavian countries together have sent more than 13,000 ; and the Dutch and Belgians number about 400— making a total of over 20,000, out of the whole immigration of 28,000 for three months, who are chiefly of the Protestant faith. The religious enthusiasts will find food for thought and speculation in these statements. The majority of the immigrants, of all classes, are between the ages of fifteen and forty, and there is a marked dispropor- tion between the numbers of the males and the females— the total of the former being 19,316, and of the latter, 8,884. The principal trades rep'resented are those of the carpenter, the mason, the tailor, the shoemaker and the baker, and there is room enough and work enough for all, provided they are wise HINTS AND NOTES. 155 enough to leave the crowded seaports, and, like the Grermans, tind their new homes in the places where their labor is always in demand. Immigration — Comparative Protestant and Catholic : 20,000 out of the whole immigration of 28,000 for the months of January, February and March for 1872 are Protestants. See previous paragraph. Letter Stamps — Can be bought at any stationery or book store. A few can be obtained at the ofl&ce of your hotel, or at an apothecary, generally at a corner grocery. Letter- Boxes — There are letter-boxes on corner lamp-posts every block or two in all the thoroughfares, and in all the first- class hotels, and in railroad depots. [Fire Department — Steam Fire-Enjine.] 156 HINTS AND NOTES. Laborers — Nearly all the laborers in New York, as in the other large cities of the United States, are foreigners. There is no class of Americans in our cities below that of the mechanic and artisan. Education and foreign immigration keeps the American in this desirable position. Messengers Can be sent from your hotel and from various other points on any errands. The charge is ordinarily 25 cents. Metropolitan Fire DeparTxMent. — Up to 1865 all the Fire Companies were volunteers. It is now a force under the con- trol of the State Grovernment, and the members receive good salaries. The drilling of the Fire Department may be compared to that of the Military Department in carefulness and exactness. May Anniversaries. With the month of May, smiling May, as from childhood we have been in tho habit of hearing it named, come also the re- ligious anniversaries. From time immemorial, and in almost all lands. May has been the favorite month for religious reunion. The city of New York is a favorite religious centre. Our religious societies as well as our enterprising merchants re- veal an affection for the great City. If here sin abounds, so also do empire and wealth. The money which is given freely for every laudable enterprise has never been grudg- ingly bestowed on the churches and the other kindred associa- tions. The principal Societies represented are : the American Home Missionary Society, the American Seamen's Friend So- ciety, the American Female Gruardian Society, the National Temperance Society, the American Tract Society, the American Bible Society, the American and Foreign Christian Union, and the American Congregational Union. HIN-rt AND NOTES. 157 All these associations are representatives of the religious life of our people. [The Morgue., or Dead House — Interior viexD.'\ K\ the anniversary season this city fills up with strangers, and clergymen and laymen come hither to discuss measures for the future progress of their vrork. Morgue — It is situated at the foot of 26th street, East River. It receives dead unrecognized bodies which have been found in the rivers or within the city limits. It is open to the public from morning to night. Bodies are detained there three days, unless claimed sooner. Money. — Twenty cents American money is equal to ten pence English money and one franc French money. 158 HINTS AND NOTES. First of May or Moving Day in the AIetropolis. It is a pandemonium in New York. The poor go from tlie cellar or garret of one tenement-house to another, wealthy peo- ple up town pack trunks, cases, and boxes for the country, or change for a more eligible location, or to obtain cheaper rates of rent in town. All landladies are less amiable than usual, and most are furious. Matrons lose their temper through the din and dust of the general commotion. Servants enjoy the privi- lege of reckless demohtion. Young children cry, and larger ones help servants to break. Heads of families ache, and their lungs are smothered, and their throats are choked with dust. Count- less Micawbers pocket the curses of their enraged landlords, who themselves can pocket nothing. And so the day wears on in every part of the city. The carriers and carmen reap the harvest. Eight, ten and fifteen dollars per load are the prices, and furniture wagons are scarce even at these rates. Some are engaged weeks before. At night people find themselves away from their old home — if one can be said to have a home under conditions of yearly migration — and in a strange place. Papa goes "round the corner," feeling very blue. Mamma can find nothing she needs for the children, and the dear children sit about on the floor in a most lugubrious and lachrymose condi- tion, bewaihng the fall of china angels and the breaking of lit- tle playthings. Such is life on May-day in New York. Municipal Divisions of the City — New York is divided into Twenty-two Wards, which are subdivided into Three Hundred and Forty Election Districts. State Assembly Districts are represented by those for Alder- men and Assistant Aldermen. Police and Civil Justices' Districts consist of eight districts. School Districts consist of seven districts. The only ward officers now elected by the people of the city, HINTS AND NOTES. 159 are Trustees of Common Schools — one for each ward — at each charter election. Measures, Weights, etc. — The English measures which we use are not gauged with the scientific accuracy of the French. Thus the English yard, which is one- tenth less than the French " metre," is an arbitrary measure -and not the U7iit of length, which is the ten-millionth part of the spherical distance from the pole to the equator, and which the French call the " metre." Weights — The English pound is in use with us — is equal to the French " litre." Measuring Capacity — The measure of capacity is the quart. Thermometric Scale — Fahrenheit's scale is used in the United States. It differs from the "centigrade " thermometers used in France. Thus, 32^^ or freezing point in Fahrenheit is zero in the Centigrade, and 212° or boiling point in Fahrenheit is 100° in the Centigrade. Kew Buildings in New York. Building, if it goes on at the rate it has done for the past five years — that is, 2,000 houses per annum, will make a continuous line of brick and mortar from the Battery to Washington Heights. That the visitor may fully comprehend this we give a descrip- tion of the principal public buildings in course of erection in this city. The greater number are to be devoted to educational and benevolent purposes. Some of those referred to below, when finished, will present the finest specimens of architectural skill. There are at all times a number of hotels and factories building in the upper wards, and numerous extensive warehouses are to be seen in progress and upon which workmen are busily en- gaged. Tenement houses of the better class, and handsome private residences are also to be observed in course of construc- tion along the avenues up to and beyond Central Park. 160 HINTS AND NOTES. New York, the empress city of our country in wealth, is equally so in architectural munificence. The peculiar bent of its development shows that it exhibits none of the hackneyed curbing lines of European cities. In point of private effort it surpasses any city in the world. When the newcomer wanders uptown and sees the stately brown stone and marble mansions^ at every step, his longing to see one huge palace must be checked in the idea that we own no kings or princes here ; that the wealth he sees is that of individual citizens of a great na- tion, with just a vote hke their poorer neighbors. The Lenox Library — The city of New York will soon be provided with another free library, and in the same building are to be galleries of paintings and a museum, for which the citizens will be indebted to the munificence of Mr. James Lenox, a gentleman who has devoted many years to the collection of rare and valuable books, manuscripts, paintings, statuary, and other works of art and antiquities. The building, which is on Fifth avenue, and is to cover the whole front of the block between 70th and 71st streets, is advanced to the second story. Its length is 198 feet and 114 feet in depth. The modern French style of architecture has been adopted, but the entire exterior of the edifice is to have a unique and im- pressive appearance. The edifice consists of two wings, divi- ded by the court-yard ; and in the far end a large hall. The only ornamentation of exterior are pediments and capitals of columns. Busts of Minerva and other allegorical figures are placed on pedestals, and so arranged as to add to the effect of the general appearance. In the two stories of the south wing will be situated the library proper and reading room. The second story is to consist of two rooms, same size as those on first, and a hall, besides a picture gallery forty by sixty feet. In the north wing is the Museum and committee room, and the third story or attic is to be used as another picture gallery. The HINTS AND NOTES. 161 library, according to the charter and design of Mr. Lenox, is to be open at all reasonable hours for general use, free of expense. Strangers may be interested m the style in which our Public Schools are built, arranged, and conducted. The Department of Education includes : — Board of Education, School Commissioners. Standing Committees. School Inspectors, and School Trustees. New Public Schools — Besides the Normal College, the Board of Education have approved of plans and accepted proposals for the erection of five new school buildings in different parts of the city. Three of these houses are to be ready for occupa- tion on the 1st of September, and the other two about the begin- ning of next year. The building at the corner of Sheriff and Stanton streets, in the Eleventh ward, No. 22, is among the former. The main building is 55 feet by 150 feet, and the ex- tension 40 feet by 44 feet. There are four stories and cellar. The public school buildings are in architectural design nearly all alike, and there is no departure from the uniform rule in this structure nor in the others to be mentioned. The buildings are provided with over thirty wardrobes. The staircases are black walnut. Monuments — Many interesting tombstones and relics of former ages will be found in the old graveyards surrounding Trinity Church and St. Paul's, a few of which our artist has sketched in these pages. Other Educational Schools — The two other schools to be ready for occupation on the 1st of September are one on the south side of 57th street, in the Nineteenth ward, and the other on Fifth street, in the Seventeenth ward. Both are of the same class as the one just described. 162 HINTS AND NOTES. St. Michael's Roman Catholic Schools — Two large edifices are about completed — one for a grammar school for girls and the other for boys. There is besides a preparatory school, all three are connected, forming a massive pile of buildings. The building on Ninth avenue, near 31st street, is intended for girls. The boys' grammar school is on 32d street. [Grave of Charlotte Temple.'] [Tomb of Captain Laicrence, of the " C/iesapecde."'] HINTS AND NOTES. 163 GrERMAN Savings Bank — The directors of the German Savings Bank in the city of New York have nearly completed a very costly and imposing building, at the corner of 14th street and Fourth avenue. Eleventh Ward Savings Bank — The new building for this institution, situated at the corner of Avenue C and Seventh street, has just been completed. The structure is built of iron and is three stories high, with French roof [Tomb of Alberi GaUatin.] m ^^k ^^^^sHBSp iOp" .j- ^^^^^Iff-ll'ffi^lii re ' ' -^^K J i-JF- ^^ 1 Ttilii] ^^g [Tomb of Alexander Hamilton^ 164 7TS AND NOTES. Catholic Church on Ward's Island— The desire to ac- commodate as far as possible the inmates of the Emigrant refuge ii\ the exercise of their rehgious duties, has induced the Commissioners of Emigration to approve the plans prepared by Messrs. Eenwick & Sands, architects, for the erection of a Catholic Church on Ward's Island. The work on it has already commenced, and it is expected to be finished in about six months from this date. [Tomb of General Montgomery.'] The Hebrew Industrial School — The Asylum building was not large enough to allow the requisite arrangements for work- shops to be made. Accordingly the society is erecting a build- ing on the lot in the rear of the asylum especially for this pur- pose. HINTS AND NOTES. 165 Third Judicial Court House — The new court house and prison for the Third district are commenced, on the ground ad- joining Jefferson Market, Sixth avenue, and are intended to take the place of the old building now in use for similar pur- poses. The style of architecture is French Grothic ; the material used so far is Philadelphia brick trimmed with Ohio yellow stone. New Jail — The new jail, to front on Tenth street, will have two stories and be 128 feet in length and 45 feet high. This large building is to be in part occupied by the clerks attached to the courts, and furnish accommodation also to the detach- ment of police assigned to duty in the precinct. New York Ophthalmic Hospital — The New York Ophthal- mic Hospital, incorporated in April, 1852. is now ready for oc- cupation at the corner of Third avenue and Twenty-third street. The New Masonic Hall — Among the most noteworthy buildings in course of construction in the city, is Masonic Hall, at the corner of Sixth avenue and Twenty- third street. It fronts 141 feet on the street and runs 100 feet on the avenue. The massive construction and grand proportions of this edifice have already attracted no small share of public attention. St. Luke's Home for Indigent Females — St. Luke's Home for Indigent Females has been in existence about twenty years. It is at present on Hudson street, and its doors are open to persons of respectability in reduced circumstances, and who are members of the Episcopal Church. The new building just ready for occupation is on the north-east corner of Madison avenue and Eighty-ninth street, one block from Central Park, and two blocks only from one of the principal entrances to the Park. It is four stories high. The style is mediaeval Grothic, with Mansard roof and three towers. Church of the Beloved Disciple — This church fronts 57 feet on Eighty-ninth street, and is 100 feet deep. It is nearly fin- 166 HINTS AND NOTES. ished. The style of architecture is Grothic ; the material used is Buena Yista stone, and brick for the side walls. Old Ladies' Home of the Baptist Church, on Sixty-eighth street, near Fourth avenue. The ground upon which the Home stands runs through the entire block and has a front of 125 feet. St. Joseph's Home for the Aged — The trustees in charge of this institution, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, have com- pleted their new building on the site of the old Home on Fif- teenth street. The new U. S. Post Office and the new Roman Catholic Ca- thedral exceed in magnificence any other buildings in the me- tro[>olis. The j^ew Court House has nothing to boast of but size. Names of Streets and Avenues are still very generally- printed on little strips, and nailed on the houses at every corner. At the same time the improved plan is adopted through the city of painting the name of the street on the glass of the corner lamp-post. North, East and Harlem River and Sound Boats con- stantly ply those waters, giving a remarkably gay and busy as- pect to the scene. See Index for " Steamboat Travel." New York City Taxes for 1872 — The Board of Apportion- ment directed the raising, by tax, during 1872, on real and per- sonal property, $30,437,513 01, as follows: — Valuation of the estates, real and personal, subject to taxation in the city and county of New York in the year 1871 $1,076,253,633 GO Tax at the rate of 2f per cent on such valua- tion 29,596,974 91 Excess of the quota of state tax for county over the amount charged on county for state taxes in the year 1870 : — HINTS AND NOTES. 167 State tax in 1872 $5,746,049 32 State tax in 1870 4,904,501 22 840,548 10 Total to be raised by tax $30,437,523 01 Of this $14,915,777 75 is apportioned for the following pur- poses for 1872 : — State tax, including State tax for Common Schools to be paid by the County of New- York $5,745,049 32 Interest on bonds and stocks of the County of New York 2,412,670 00 Interest on bonds and stocks of the City of New York 6,072,637 74 Principal of bonds and stocks as may become due and payable from taxations within the year 1872 685,420 69 Total $14,915,777 75 Natural Flowers — Fresh natural flowers can be bought at the flower-stores which are scattered through Broadway. These are made into bouquets or garlands, or arranged to or- der. Here you can select the rarest exotics, or the wild-flowers of the woods, or the simple old-fashioned garden flowers of the country homesteads. You can buy as little as one flower if you wish. Men, women, and children stand on the steps of hotels, and on the side-walks, here and there, with baskets of prettily ar- ranged and sweet-smelling small bouquets for sale — frequently as low as ten cents. Stores for the sale of plants of all kinds are to be found in Broadway, The plants are sometimes placed growing in very ornamental pots and baskets. Newspapers. — The principal morning papers are the HiraMj 168 HINTS AND NOTES. Tribune, Times, World, and Sun. Principal evening pa- pers are the Post, Commer- cial, Express, Mail, and News. The principal weekly illus- trated papers are Harper's Weekly, Frank Leslie's Weekly, Tlie Lady's Jovrnal, and Harper's Bazar. New York Bar — There are between 3,000 and 4,000 lawyers in the metropolis. They generally all make a good living. The prominent members of the profession clear from ten to twenty-five thousand dollars a year. There is not the esprit de corps among laAvyers here that is observable in most other cities. The lack of this [Street Flower-Girl.] „ ,. . ^ c j . i feehng is not confined to law- yers. It is noticeable throughout all the "liberal professions." HINTS AND NOTES. 169 Organ-Grinders and Street-Beggars — Thousands of chil- dren are annually exported from Italy to the United States for the purpose of making them organ-grinders and street- beggars, of whom a multiplicity are to be seen in New York. A bill has been brought before the Italian Parliament, designed to put a stop to this disgraceful traffic in children. It punishes with five years' imprisonment all persons exporting children under twelve years of age to foreign countries, under any pretext. OuT-DOOR Statues and Monuments — Equestrian statue of Washington, Union Square; statue of Lincoln, Union Square; General Worth (Monument), Madison Square. The New Franklin Statue. The new bronze statue of Benjamin Franklin has just been erected in Printing-House Square. It was cast from a model designed by Captain De Groot, who designed the huge Vanderbilt monument in St. John's Park. The statue is a gift from the designer to the Press of the city. There are some important monuments in St. Paul's Church- yard and in Trinity Churchyard. There is a good deal of fine statuary in Central Park which the visitor will discover on going over the grounds. Photography. — Every species of sun-picture is taken in New York from the tin-type at 25 cents to the elaborate imperial photograph touched up to imitate fine ivory painting at a cost of fifteen to fifty dollars. The photograph galleries make quite a display along Broadway, an exhibition of many fine speci- 170 HINTS AND NOTES. mens of the art being placed conspicuously at the entrances on the street. In some of the principal galleries a few rare and costly paintings may be seen, besides a large number of admirable specimens of photographic art. The stranger must spend a morning in these galleries — free admittance. Population of New York proper is about one million. Prices at the Hotels in New York do not vary with the seasons. They range from $2 to $5 per day, which includes no extras. Hotels on the European plan cost according to your orders. [Interior of the Cafe Brmiswish— Fifth Avemie.] Public and Private Dinners and Suppers can be given at any hotel whether you live there or not. Delmonico's Restau- rant, corner Fifth avenue and 14th street, is a favorite place for HINTS AND NOTES. 171 such entertainments. They are got up with any degree of elegance you choose to pay for, and without any trouble to your- self, except to loosen your purse-strings. The Cafe Brunswick, under the Hotel of that name, is also a fashionable place for these entertainments, No. 223 Filth avenue, corner Madison Square and 26th street. Police — All the streets and suburbs are well guarded by policemen. There are also mounted police ranging through the upper part of the city and the lower part of Westchester coun- ty to the distance of twenty miles from the Battery. Places and Sights which, among others, a Stranger should See. Battery. Blackwell's Island and Randall's Island. Broadway from near the Worth monument. Brooklyn Heights. Central Park. Pifth avenue from corner of Twenty-seventh street. Fifth avenue from corner of Thirty-fourth street. Grand Central Depot. Greenwood Cemetery. High Bridge. Jews' Synagogue. Markets. New Roman Catholic Cathedral. Opera Houses. Photograph Galleries. Printing-offices and Machinery. Trinity Cathedral — ascend to top of steeple. Wall street. Wharves and Docks. Woodlawn Cemetery. 172 HINTS AND NOTES. Eaces. Jerome Park Races — Fordham. Take Harlem Accommo- dation Train, or, which is much pleasanter but more expensive, drive out in a carriage. [Jerome Parle Race Course.^ These races are fashionable, and attended by ladies in very dressy carriage suits. Fashion Course — Near Jamaica, L. I. Ferry foot of East Thirty-fourth street to railroad depot. You can go by rail or drive out in a carriage. Fleetwood Park Trotting Course — Morrisania. You can go by Harlem Accommodation Train or drive in carriage. Prospect Park Races — Brooklyn. Of easy access by horse- car or carriage. HINTS AND NOTES. 173 All the races take place late in spring or early summer, and autumn, and are fully advertised with all particulars in the daily papers. Eeligious Inteligence And Notes relating to all sects are to be found in the Sun- day morning papers. A very full report of sermons by the leading clergymen of all denominations appears every week in Monday's papers. Religious Newspapers — Among these are : — Catholic Freeman s Journal Christian Union (Henry Ward Beecher's paper). Church Weekly — a " Free Church and State " paper. Evangelist (Presbyterian). Jewish Messenger. Observer (Presbyterian). Tahlet (Catholic). Riding School — Fifth av. cor. 40th street. Reading Rooms — ^Are in nearly all first-class hotels, with a iarge variety of newspapers. Religion — Religion is fashionable in New York. The metro- polis is filled with " popular preachers," who draw full houses, particularly on Sunday morning. The ministers have large salaries, and many of them are very wealthy. Religious Statistics for the United States — The statistics of religion for the Uuited States, just completed at the Census Office, show the total number of church organizations upon the 1st of June, 1870, to be 72,451 ; the total number of church edifices to be 63,074; the total church accommodation to be 21,659,562, and the aggregate value of the church property to be $354,429,581. The statistics of church accommodation for the principal denominations are as follows : — Baptist Regular, 3,997,116; Baotist, other, 363,019; Roman Catholic, 1,990,514; 174 HINTS AND NOTES. Congregational, 1,117,212 ; Episcopal, 991,051 ; Lutheran, 997,332 ; Methodist, 6,528,209; Presbyterian, Regular, 2,198,900; Presbyterian, other, 499,344. The value of the Church pro- perty owned by these denominations is: — Baptist, regular, $39,229,221 ; Baptist, other, $2,378,977 ; Catholic, Roman, $60,985,566; Congregational, $25,069,698; Episcopal, $36,514,- 649 ;• Lutheran, $14,917,747; Methodist, $69,851,121 ; Presby- terian, regular, $47,828,732 ; Presbyterian, other, $5,436,524. [Bethel Churchy or Seamen: s Floating Chapel.] Statistics — See Manual of the Corporation of New York. It contains details of the institutions of the city ; the State and Metropolitan Commissions, and the Grovernment Depart- ments of the city. HINTS AND NOTES. 175 To be found in Corporation library, room No. 12, first floor, City Hall. Saturday — Is a fashionable day for ladies to attend public entertainments — alone. These are advertised in the daily papers under the head of "Matinees." Handsome walking suits are worn. Gentlemen can of course attend these mati- nees either with or without ladies, but the number of ladies very far predominates. Seamen's Chapels — All along the North and East Rivers are chapels for seamen, of different denominations. Silver Communion Service, Presented by Queen Anne — This is owned and used by Trinity Cathedral. The original church which stood on the site of the present edifice was the recipient of it. Singing in Churches — There is fine singing in most of the Protestant as well as the Catholic churches in the metropolis; solos by a lady artiste being considered a great addition to the service. Shooting GTalleries — The sign will attract the stranger as he goes along Broadway. He has only to enter, take his turn, and " pay the shot." Shopping — Cheap goods are principally sought for in the Bowery, Third avenue, Grand street, Catharine street, and Division street, on the east side of town, and on the west side in Hudson, Carmine, and Bleecker streets; but those who live remote from these streets will generally find little advan- tage in going out of Broadway. Here, in the best known emporiums, goods can be found at fair prices, and but one price is asked. Very cheap goods are necessarily of inferior quality and fiishion, and look so. These you do not find in Broadway. Shop Butchers — These persons have a license to sell meats and vegetables, and have small markets wherever they choose 176 HINTS AND NOTES. to erect them in various parts of the city. These Uttle markets are a great convenience. Steamboat Travel — (See page 192.) Shall WE have Flower Shows? — The suggestion is certainly a pleasing one, and all the necessary ingredients to its success are at hand. The flower shows of London are renowned for their popularity, and gain yearly in attractiveness and beauty. Why should not our own upper ten inaugurate the custom here ? In the spring, just after the theatrical season is over, and before it is time to repair to the seaside and watering places, there comes a dull time here which the flower show just fits. Some- thing hght and graceful is needed, and an exhibition of spring flowers, aided by the attractions of music, sunshine, and soft air, is admirably the thing. In the fall another void in the social life appears. The first brisk winds of autumn depopulate the summer resorts, and yet the time for winter amusements is not quite come. Once more, a flower show meets the need. The spring has its odorous blossoms and the fall its gorgeous blooms. Snow Blockade — Once in four or five years comes a snow blockade which impedes all kinds of locomotion, stops the trains about to leave the city, and fills to repletion every hotel, small and great, of every class. It furnishes great amusement to the young, and valuable occupation to the laborer. Street Processions — These have always been a special feature in New York; all nationalities having been allowed free scope to display their banners and march through our streets, often to the great discomfort of business people or the interruption of travel. At last, owing especially to danger from the bitter feeling exhibited in the case of the Orange procession in 1871, the legislature interfered and regulated the aS"air of street processions, which are still free, but subject to proper re- strictions. The bill provides for the freedom of the streets in which cars run, and the unobstructed passage of the cars, by HINTS AND NOTES. 177 declaring that " whenever any procession shall find it necessary to march across a railway track, the portion of said procession which in so marching is likely to stop the passage of any car or cars upon said track shall come to a halt in order to permit said car to proceed." The bill also forbids processions except of the National Guard, the Police, and the Fire Department, unless notice is given to the Police authorities, and the latter are empowered to designate to such procession or parade how much of the street in width it can occupy wdth special reference to crowded thoroughfares through which said procession may move. Sunday parades, excepting actual funeral processions, are forbidden. Suburban Villages — Those within the city limits are Car- rnansville, Manhattanville, Yorkville, and Harlem. These are fast becoming continuous with the city. Melrose, Morrisania, Tremont, Fordham, etc., are almost con- tinuous in Westchester County — reached by Harlem Railroad Accommodation Train. These are characteristic American villages of the more affluent type. The suburban Long Island villages are Astoria, Flatbush, Flushing, Jamaica, Newtown, etc., etc. The Staten Island villages are seen to best advantage from the Bay. The resi- dences from this point of view have a very picturesque effect. The neighboring villages in new Jersey are also line places of resort in summer. Shipping Intelligence — Is to be found minutely recorded in the daily papers. Take the Right Hand side as you walk along the streets ; also the right hand in riding or driving. Those who wish to remain for some time in the Metropolis and who desire to practise the strictest economy, had better apply at some of the first-class boarding-houses advertised in 178 HINTS AND NOTES. the daily papers. A small but comfortable bedroom can bo had in one of these, with good meals, for ten or twelve dol- lars a week. Apply only where references are given and re- quired. Time Tables — At all the railroad depots in the city, and in the ferry-boats, and across the ferries at depots, are Time Ta- bles nailed up on the walls of the waiting-rooms. As the hours of starting vary with the seasons, it is best to leave the travellers to consult these as to when, and at the same time how, to go to distant places. The Time Tables contain a printed list of places near and dis- tant on the railroad routes, marking the towns and villages at which each of the different trains stop, and at what hours; also the hours for starting from New York and the hours of leaving the aforesaid places, and of arrival from them in New York. These Time Tables will be found in all railway stations through- out the counti-y, and ai-e most explicit. One of them printed on paper can be had for the asking at the ticket office of the station in New York. Unfurnished Apartments — These are abundant for the lower and working classes in what are called " tenement houses." For the higher classes they are not so common, the latter find- ing their homes in hotels, boarding-houses, and in a whole pri- vate house. A new class of fashionable lodging-houses is, how- ever, being introduced, but their success is still to be proved. The rates charged are exorbitant. The largest of the kind is the new Stevens Apartment Building. Underground Railroad. — This great work, which is to give rapid transit for the people of Westchester County to the low- er part of the city, has been commenced and will be carried to a rapid completion. It is expected that the road will be fin- ished before September 1, 1874. Commodore Vanderbilt is the leading spirit of the enterprise and altogether controls it. HINTS AND NOTES. 179 TABLE OF DISTANCES. FKOM FROM FROM BATTERY. EXCHANGE. CITY HALL. :imile. Rector street. i i mile. Fulton. f i City Hall. 1 f imile. Leonard. n 1 i Canal. u n f Spring-. If n 1 Houston. 2 If H Fourth. 2i 2 H Ninth. 2i 2i If Fourteenth. 2f 2i 2 Nineteenth. 3 2f 2i Twenty-fourth. H 3 2i Twenty-ninth. 3i 3i 2i Thirty-fourth. 3f 3i a Thirty- eighth. 4 3f 3i Forty-fourth. 4i 4 3* Forty-ninth. 4i 4i 3f Fifty-fourth.. 4f 4i 4 Fifty-eighth. 5 4f 4i Sixty-third. 5i 5 H Sixty-eighth. 5i 5i 4f Seventy-third. 5f 5i 5 Seventy-eighth. 6 5f 5i Eighty-third. 6i 6 5i Eighty-eighth 6-^ Ci 5f Ninety-third. 6f Ci 6 Ninety-seventh. 7 Of Gi One Hundred and Second. ^i 7 Oi One Hundred and Seventh. 7^ 7* 6f One Hundred and Twelfth. 7f ^i 7 One Hundred and Seventeenth. 8 7^ 7i One Hundred and Twenty-first. 8i 8 7i One Hundred and Twenty-sixth. 8i 8i 7f One Hundred and Thirty-first. 8f 8i 8 One Hundred and Thirty-sixth. 9 8f Sir One Hundred and Fortieth. H 9 8} One Hundred and Forty-fifth. H 9i 8f One Hundred and Fiftieth. n i 9i 9 One Hundred and Fifty-fourth, From Battery to King's Bridge fcity limit), 15 miles. 180 HINTS AND NOTES. Wines and Liquors — These can be got of as good a quality as from the importers at a first- dass retail grocery store. These stores are numerous in our principal thoroughfares, both up and down town. You can purchase these either by the box or single bottle. Wall Street Sneak Thieves have a new device by which to commit " sneak robberies." They lay some harmless explo- sive article on the floor, which when trodden on naturally at- tracts the attention of clerks and others. They take that op- portunity to seize upon any valuables within reach. Waiters in Hotels — Xew York Hotel waiters are accus- tomed to being civiil}'- spoken to, and are respectful accordingly. Here, as everywhere in the United States, only the under-bred and vulsfar are arbitrarv in manner towards servants. {Institution for the Blind -Ninth Avenue.] THE CKNTRAL PARK. 181 THE CENTRAL PARK. [Central Pai-k — Summer Houxe on the Lake.] Central Park — Between Fifth avenue and Eighth ave- nue — East and West — and between 59th street and 110th street, North and South. The Central Parle was commenced in 1857. At each gate of the Park is a gate-keeper. On the grounds are park-keepers. One of their duties is to give any necessai-y in- formation to visitors. Lost articles are taken care of by a Prop- erty Clerk in the Old Arsenal. See InJex for ''Cars," which fro to the Park. 182 THE CENTRAL PARK. Gates open all day, at all seasons, and in summer from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m. No fees permitted to any of the officials in the Park, Central Park is one of the four largest parks in the world, and perhaps the most beautiful of all. It covers an area of about 850 acres, laid out in such varied beauty as to harmonize with the mood of the moment, and attract and satisfy all tastes. The stately drives, the rural walks, the commanding views, the [Central Park — The Upper Lake.] romantic dells — the bridges, the statues, the arches, the terrace, to attract the artistic eye — the pond, the dairy, the play-ground suggestive of juvenile sports and juvenile simplicity. The Mall, the Casino for the fashionable and the bon vivant — the lake THE CENTRAL PARK. 183 with its boats, and the cave with its weird entrance for the sentimental dreamer. The Maze, invented it would seem expressly for lovers, since its central point and egress are designedly left almost un- attainable, of old fortifications, reminding one of sterner times, the streams, the cascades, suggestive of untrammelled nature. [Central Park— The Cave— Lower Lake.] The rerervoir bringing the mind forcibly back to the practical fact of human progress, and the luxury of its perfected inventions. The Museum of Natural History, with all its wonders, and the Menagerie, and to render the combination complete, the perfect abandon which all — rich or poor — may enjoy in their 184 THE CENTRAL PARK. rambles. It is a spot well worth coming a hundred miles to visit. It would take up too much space to mention each object of attraction minutely, but the Park is open at all hours of the day, and to all. On Saturday afternoons in summer, there is a fine band of music. The Music Pavilion is at the northern end of the Mall and not far from the Casino. Carriages, provided by the Park Commissioners and accommo- [Central Park — Grotto leading to the Cave.] dating ten or a dozen persons, are to be found at the Fifth avenue and 59th street gate, and at the Eighth avenue and 59th street gate. THE CENTRAL PARK. * 185 They leave at short intervals. — Fare 25 cents for each person. New structures are constantly in progress of execution for or- namenting the Central Park and also for the convenience of visi- tors. The Park, under the genial warmth of Spring and Summer suns fresh with green verdure, fostered with the moisture of gentle rains, makes a charming retreat for the residents of the city, tired and weary with their weekly labors in the densely populated busmess quarters. It is only on a fine Sunday that we can really appreciate the many charms of the Park, and un- derstand the happiness and pleasure that its beautiful walks, pic- turesque chalets and refreshing limpid lakes afford to thousands of our fellow citizens. On week days the carriages of the rich roll along its level drives and children play about the smooth grass plats; but it is only on Sundays that Central Park be- comes a really cosmopolitan resort. If the weather is fine all classes are there. The young aristocrat drives by in his showy dog-cart and tandem, and Hans, with his frau, six children, frauds mother and frau's brother, carrying an ample basket containing the lunch, come in a party to breath the fresh air and enjoy the afternoon. There aie Cottages for ladies placed in dififerent parts of the grounds, in charge of a female attendant. Entrances to the Central Park. The Scholars' Gate, Fifth avenue and 59th street. The Artists' Gate, Sixth avenue and 59th street. The Artisans' Gate, Seventh avenue and 59th street. The Merchants' Gate, Eighth avenue and 59th street. The Women's Gate, Eighth avenue and 72d street. The Hunters' Gate, Eighth avenue and 79th street. .The Mariners' Gate, Eighth avenue and 85th street. The Gate of All Saints, Eighth avenue and 96th street. 186 THE CENTRAL PAIiK. The Boys' Grate, Eighth avenue and 100th street. The Children's G-ate, FiflJi avenue and 72d street. The Miners' Gate, Fifth avenue and 79th street. Tlie Engineers' G-ate, Fifth avenue and 90th street. The Woodman's Gate, Fifth avenue and 9Gth street. The Girls' Gate, Fifth avenue and 102d street. The Pioneers' Gate, Fifth avenue and UOth street. The Farmers' Gate, Sixth avenue and 110th street. The Warriors' Gate, Seventh avenue and UOth street. The Strangers' Gate, Eighth avenue and UOth street. ^^^fe BRIEF UISTORY OF OLD NEW YORK. 187 BRIEF HISTORY OF OLD NEW YORK. Passing over Scandinavian traditions, which contain accounts of the landing of the Norsemen on our continent some time be- fore the expedition of Christopher Columbus, we give but slight credit to the statement of some, that the site of the present city of New York was actually visited by an early navigator named Verazzano, in the year 1524. The earliest authentic account is that of the voyage of Henry Hudson (frequently written Hendrick Hudson), an Englishman in the service of the Dutch East India Company. The Euro- pean world was still intent on a North-East passage to India. Hudson, who was not only an intelligent, but a bold and fear- less navigator, had induced English entei-prise to test his the- ory for two successive 3^ears. His friends then became dis- couraged and Hudson abandoned England for Holland, which country at that period enjoyed a commercial supremacy. It is well settled that Hudson, in the " Half Moon," dropped anchor in the Bay of New York on the 3d of September, 1609. Pusliing up the noble river which now bears his name, he came to the "Tappan See," where the river widens into a bay, and had his faith confirmed that he was on the right course for China. This confidence was soon weakened as he entered the Highlands, but he persevered till he reached Albany, when he abandoned all idea of the feasibility of his project and returned down the river and back to Amsterdam. We reject the story (with many others) of the purchase of as much land by the whites of tiie Indians as the hide of a bul- lock could encompass, and of the cutting it into slender thongs so that it reached over a goodly poriion of the i.sland. The tale 188 BRIEF HISTORY OF OLD NEW YORK. is taken almost literally from Virgil, and refers to the purchase of Carthage: — " The wandering exiles bought a space of ground Which one bullhide enclosed and compassed round." jEneid, Book 1, 490-1. That Hudson inspired the natives with a friendly feeling is xindicated by the name given to the spot — Manahachtanienks — said to mean " place where all got drunk ;" from this comes " Alanhattan," by which the island is even now designated. A still better evidence is in the fact that the Dutch in the fol- lowing year, 1610, sent vessels to open a trade with the natives and a settlement was almost immediately commenced. So admirable a site for a town was not destined to remain in the peaceful possession of the first discoverers. The English, inheriting the old Saxon love of right by the strong arm, soon pounced on the enviable locality. Argal, Governor of Virginia, returning from a raid on the French settlements in Acadia, put into New Amsterdam, surprised the honest Dutch governor, Christiaensen, and compelled a surrender of the place to the King of England. But the Dutch rallied in force the following year, retook the place and fortified it, and the same year, 1G14, Holland made a "grant " of the whole country under the title of New Netherland. Under this possession it was long held and known. No important event took place till the reign of Charles II. king of England. In 1G64 that monarch, disregard- ing the rights, claims, and settlements of the Dutch, granted all New Netherland to his brother James, then Duke of York and Albany, afterwards the noted James II. of England, who was virtually expelled from the English throne and was suc- ceeded by " William and Mary." An expedition was fitted, consisting of four frigates and 3O0 soldiers, to take possession under the grant of Charles ; and on the 27th August, 1664, the city of New Amsterdam capitulated BRIEF HISTORY OF OLD NEW 70RK. 189 to the English, and on the 24th of September Fort Orange made a similar submission. In commemoration of the titles of the DuTcs, who was the grantee of the patent, New Amsterdam was named New York, and Fort Orange, Albany. In 1667, by the treaty of Breda, New Netherland was confirmed to the English, and as a compensation Surinam was ceded to the Dutch. But the English occupation was not to exist without its reverses. In 1673 a Dutch war broke out, and a small squadron sent by them, after committing ravages in Virginia, came to New York and demanded surrender not only of the town but of all the country. This was assented to with- out a shot being fired on either side, and the Dutch once more took possession. The very next year, peace wa« made between England and Holland. New Netherland was restored to the English, and the English territories in Guiana to the Dutch. The Duke of York confirmed his title by a new patent, and Andreas was made governor. The first legis- lative assembly was held under governor Dougan, in 1683. New York suffered greatly from the arbitrary rule of James, but in 1689 William and Mary came to the English throne and restored New York to its lawful privileges. In 1692 special attention began to be turned towards the fortifications. In 1698 the Earl of Bellomont was made governor. From his speech to the Legislature it would seem that New York rulers have inherited the practice of plundering the city. The Earl says : "I cannot but observe to you what a legacy my predecessor has left me .and what difficulties to struggle with; a few miserable, naked, half-starved soldiers, not half the num- ber the king allovjed 'pay forT Much more follows in the same vein, from which we conclude that human nature was pretty much the same then as in the days of our " Ring." The English now felt secure of their rich possessions. A free grammar-school was started in 1702, which seems for 190 BRIEF HISTORY OF OLD NEW YORK. years to have sufficed, so far as free schools were concerned. In 1725 the first newspaper was issued, and in 1732 a free Classical Academy was founded. New York now began to rapidly improve and increase. Business of every kind flour- ished, and the city assumed a more vigorous aspect. Ill the troubles with the mother country which some years after succeeded, and which culminated in the war of the Revo- lution, New York took a firm and undaunted stand. But the city was too great a prize for the English not to lay out all their forces to possess. The unfortunate issue of the battle of Long Island made it impossible for General Washington to hold New York. The result was, that the city with all its fortifications and appurtenances fell into the hands of the Bri- tish fleet and army under Admiral and General Howe, Septem- ber, 1776. For a little more than seven years — in fact till the end of the war — the English held possession of the town. On the 25th of November, 1783, Ihey evacuated it, and Wash- ington and the Governor of the State made their trium- phal entry. Ten years later New York had doubled its popu- lation. From the completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, may be dated the new era of commercial prosperity and grandeur for this me- tropolis. She now soon outstripped her rival in population — Philadelphia — and has continued to increase in almost fabulous proportions. In October, 1842, the Croton Aqueduct was com- pleted, supplying the only serious need of the city. New York, though a very healthy place, has been thrice visited by a very severe pestilence. In 1795 by yellow fever, and in 1832 and again in 1849 by Asiatic cholera. The city has suffered from two fires of almost unexampled extent — one in 1835, and the other in 1845. Nothing, however, has served apparently even to check the growth of this metropolis. brief history of old new york. 191 Sites of Remarkable Events. The brilliant assemblies of the '' Court of Washington" were held in the old City Hotel between Pine and Cedar streets. " The Old Sugar House," converted into a prison for Ameri- can soldiers, by the British, stood in Liberty street, near the old post-office. Washington's residence stood at the Korth angle of Franklin square. Here he held his State receptions. Washington Irving was born in one of a row of houses, and at about the centre of the block, in William street, between John and Fulton. At the corner of Charlton and Varick streets, once lived suc- cessively. Washington, John Adams, and Aaron Burr. At the Bowling-green stood once a Dutch and English Fort. On the site of the United States Treasury Avas once a pil- lory and whipping-post. On the same site, in the Hall of Legislature, George Wash- ington was elected the first President of the United States. Col. Alexander Hamilton lived in a neighboring house. The stamps were burned in 1776, where Catharine street now stands. Talleyrand, when ambassador to the United States, lived on the site of the Metropolitan, the large building between Prince and Houston streets, east side Broadway. Washington's farewell interview with his officers took place at a tavern corner Pearl and Broad streets. At No. 1 Broadway, lived successively during the Revolution, Loi-d Cornwallis, Gen, Clinton, Lord Howe, and Gen. Wash- ington. .^ Fulton died in a house on this site. The traitor Arnold here concocted his nefarious projects. 192 OLD NEW YORK ADVERTISEMENTS. OLD NEW YORK ADVERTISEMENTS. To be Sold, a good, likely Negroe Man, about 22 years of Age, is an extraordinary cook, and understands all Manner of House work. Enquire of the Printers here of. — The New York Gazette: or the Weekly Post-Boy, July 9, 1753. To he Let. Bedloe's Island, alias Love Island, together with the Dwelling House and Light House, being finely situated for a tavern, where all kind of Garden Stuff, Poultry, &c., may be easily raised for the Shipping outward bound, and from ■where any Quantity of pickled Oysters may be obtained ; it abounds with English Rabbits. — Ibid. Travelers are desired to observe, in going from Flat-Bush to said Ferry (Yellow Hook ferry), to keep the raark'd trees on the right hand. — New York Mercury, June 18, 1753. Just imported in the Ship Fame, Capt. Seymour, from Ham- burgh, and to be Sold on board the said Vessel, by Joseph Haynes or said Master; A parcel of very likely, healthy Pala- tines, of all Trades. As also Women and Children, &;c. — Ihid. To-Morrow will be Published (Price Is.), And sold by the Printer hereof; The Tragedy of Cato, by Mr. Addison. — Ihid. Notice is hereby given that Abraham Webb, being provided "with a Boat exceeding well fitted, with a very handsome Cabbin, and all necessary accomodations ; proposes to give his attendance, at the White Hall Slip, every Monday and Thurs- day ; and the same Day, Wind and Weather permitting, to proceed for Amboy Ferry to John Cluck's, where a Waggon, OLD NEW YORK ADVERTISEMENTS. 193 Kept by John Richards, will be ready to receive either Goods or Passengers, and to proceed with them to Borden's Town, where a Stage Boat will be ready to carry them to Philadel- phia ; and the same method will be followed from the Crooket Billet Wharf at Philadelphia, up to Borden's Town, and shall proceed Load or no Load, twice a Week, by which Means, Pas- sengers or Groods may never be detained on the Road. As they purpose to endeavour to use People in the best Manner they are capable of, they hope all good Persons will give it the encouragement it deserves. So with Respect they remain Friends to the Publick. — The New York Gazette: or the Weekly Post-Boy, June 4, 1753, [Bloomingdale Lunatic Asylum — IVith street.^ 194 BROOKLYN. BROOKLYN. Brooklyn, which has a population of nearly half a million, is the third city in s'ze in the United States, ranking next to Philadelphia. It is separated from New York only by the East river, and is as much a part of the metropolis, as th(3 " Surrey Side " is of London. The Brooklynites have steadily resisted being incorporated witli their larger neighbor, though they have themselves swallowed Williamsburgh — now called " Brooklyn E. D." — East District. Brooklyn has been termed the " lodging-house of New York,'* because probably nine- tenths of the wealthy residents do business in the city. Never- theless, the inhabitants feel very independent of the metropolis, and are ambitious of rivalling it. The numerous ferries which cross every two or three minutes make access between the two places very easy, and the great bridge soon to be completed will add to the facility of intercommunication. Public Buildings. City Hall — One mile from Fulton Ferry, and is opposite the junction of Fulton and Court streets. Post Office — Washington street, near the junction of Myr- tle avenue and Fulton street. City Armory — Corner Henry and Cranberry streets. Long Island College Hospital — Henry st., near Pacific. City Hospital — Raymond st., near Dekalb av. There are in Brooklyn Asylums, various Institutes, and Dis- pensaries, Banks, Lyceums, and all other accessories of a large city. The Mercantile Library numbers forty-one thousand volumes. Marine Hospital — Wallabout Bay BROOKLYN. 195 State Arsenal — Corner Portland avenue and Auburn Place. Academy of Music — Montague street, between Court and Clinton streets. Kings County Jail — Raymond street, Fort G-reen. Academy of Design — The increasing popularity and success of the semi-annual exhibitions of the Brooklyn Art Association demanded a larger and more suitable room than the Assembly Room of the Academy of Music. The Association therefore have erected a building that contains ample accommodation for the exhibitions and the School of Design. It is next to the Academy of Music. The exterior, which is ornate, is of tinted stone, the buff stone from Scotland, and the red freestone from Ohio. The arches over the entrance and windows are delicately sculptured in the forms of birds, reptiles, ferns, etc. From the main en- trance a tower rises into a picturesque gable to the height of one hundred and ten feet from the sidewalk. This tower con- tains the vestibule and main stairway. The interior walls are finished in buff pressed brick reheved by bands of Philadelphia brick and Ohio sandstone. The stairway is built of oak with mahogany trimmings. No soft wood is used in the building. The basement is devoted to the use of the schools of the Academy of Design. The grand gallery on the second floor is very fine. Opening out of this hall is a water-color gallery and a sculpture-room. An arched doorway opens from the main gallery into the assembly-room of the Academy, thus giving abundance of wall space for the pictures and of floor for the guests on reception nights. Studios are above. The chronological collection embraces works representative of American art, as far as it was possible to obtain them, from 1715 to the present time. Charles Wilson Peale, one of our earliest American artists, is represented by two portraits, one of Washington and one of 196 BROOKLYN. Franklin. The last sitting for this portrait was but eight days before the death of Franklin, and it is unfinished. At one end of the gallery is Gilbert Stuart's full-length por- trait of Washington, painted in 1794. Opposite the Stuart portrait hangs Trumbull's portrait of Washington, considered the finest one in existence. Public Works. United States Navy Yard, situated on Wallabout Bay. See Index for " Ferries." Atlantic Dock, South Ferry. Take Hamilton Ferry, foot White Hall street, N. Y. Prospect Park — A new park of immense size, which promi- ses to rival even Central Park in extent and artificial adornments. It commands beautiful views. It is well wooded. It can be reached by horse-cars starting from the ferries. Greenwood Cemetery — A couple of miles from South Ferry, Omnibuses carry you there from the ferry. It is at the present time one of the largest and perhaps the most beautiful cemetery in the world ; it commands, also, splendid views of city and harbor. Free admission on week-days, etc. Permits obtaina- ble at any undertaker's. Water Works — The resources of the Brooklyn Water Works are said to be six times as great as those of New York. The water is supplied from Rockville Lake, Hempstead, L. I., and also from Ridgewood. Cars — There are cars starting from all the ferries for all parts of Brooklyn. Churches of Brooklyn and Prominent Preachers. Plymouth Church, Congregationalist — Orange street, be- tween Henry and Hicks streets. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher Church of the Pilgrims, Presbyterian — Corner Remsen ana Henry streets. Rev. Dr. Storrs. BROOKLYN. 197 The Dutch Reformed Church, in Pierrepont street, is a par- ticularly beautiful church. Church named Church of the Holt Trinity, Episcopal — Corner Clinton and Montague streets. Grace Church, Episcopal — Hicks street, near Remsen. Church named Church of the Saviour, Unitarian — Corner Pierrepont street and Munroe place. Dutch Reformed Church — Rear of the City Hall. Rev. Dr. Dwight. Methodist Church — Clinton street near Atlantic street. Rev. Dr. Cuyler. From the numerous religious edifices in Brooklyn, that city has acquired the name of " The City of Churches." Hotels of Brooklyn. The best hotel is the Pierrepont House, Montague place, op- posite Wall street Ferry. The Mansion House, Henry street, near Pierrepont street, and the Globe Hotel, 242 Fulton street, are also first-class ho- tels. 198 STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. The following is a complete list, alphabetically arranged, of the steamboats which ply between this city and points on the Hudson River, East River, Long Island Sound, New York Bay and New Jersey. None of these boats make a Sunday trip unless specially mentioned. Albany — ^New Jersey Steamboat Company, " People's Line." One of the fine steamboats of the line — Drew or Dean Richmond — will leave Pier 41 North River, foot of Canal street, at 6 p. m. daily, connecting at Albany with railroads, North, East and West; returning from Albany at 7 p. m. daily, or on the arrival of connecting trains. Albany and Troy Day-Boats — Landing at Catskill, Cornwall, Cozzens', Hudson, Tivoli, Newburgh, Nyack, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Tarrytown, West Point and Yonkers. Steam- boats D. Drew and C. Yibbard leave Pier 39 North River at 8:30 a. m., landing at 34th street. Albany, Troy and Catskill — New York and Troy Steamboat Company's steamboats Connecticut and Vanderbilt, leave Pier 44 North River at 6 p. m. daily, Saturdays excepted, connecting at Albany with railroads, North, East and West. Returning, leave Troy at 6 K m., and Albany at 7 p. M., Saturdays excepted. Albany, Troy, and Catskill — Steamboats Sunnyside and Thomas Powell, leave Pier 43 North Rive" daily, Saturdays excepted, at 6 p. m., connecting at Albany with railroads North. Returning, leave Troy daily, Saturdays excepted, at 6 p. M. steamboat travel. 199 Athens, Tarrytown, Catskill, Tivoli, Hyde Park, Staats- BURG, Smith's Dock, Ehinebeck, Germantown, Maldeh AND Stuyvesant — Propeller Andrew Harder leaves Pier 35 ISTorth River, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 5 p. M. Returning, leaves Athens, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, at 5 p. m. AsrcRiA, L. I. — Steamboats Sylvan Glen and Sylvan Stream, Sylvan Dell and Sylvan Grove, daily, from Pier 24 East River, at 6:30, 8, 9 and 10 a. m. ; 12 m. ; 1, 3, 4, 5, 6:15, 7 p. M. Returning, leave Astoria at 6:15, 7:15, 8:15, 9:15, 10:15, 11:15 a. m.; 2:15, 3:15, 4:15, 5:15, 6:15 p. m. Sun- day Arrangement — Boats leave Harlem at 8:30 a. m. and hourly and half-hourly thereafter during the day, landing at Astoria and Eleventh street, each trip. Last boat leaves Harlem at 7:30 p. m. and Peck slip at 8:15 p. m. This is the only line connecting with the regular line of boats for High Bridge. Passengers by this line of boats can visit the Government Works at Hell Gate, Schneider's and Schutzer's Parks at Astoria, Christ Park and Karl's Park at North New York, and High Bridge. Baylis's Dock, L. I. (Fort Schuyler) — Steamboat Seawanhaka daily, from Pier 24 East River, at 4 p. m., calling at Thirty- third street each way. Returning, leaves Baylis's Dock at 8:20 a. m. Bay Ridge, L. I. — Steamer Bay Ridge, from Wall street ferry at 8.30 and 11 a. m. ; 2, 4, 5:15 and 6:30 p. m. Returning, leaves Bay Ridge at 8, 9:10 a. m., and 12:45, 2:35 and 4:35 p. m. Bergen Point, N. J. — Steamboat Chancellor at 11 a. m. and 4:30 p. M. daily, from Pier 14 North River. Returning, leaves Bergen Point at 8:25 a. m. and 2:25 p. m. 200 STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. Boston — Steamboats Bristol and Providence, daily, from Pier 28 North River at 5 p.m. Returning trains leave Old Colony and Newport Railway Depot, Boston, at 5:30 p.m., connecting at Fall River. Boston — Steamboats Electra and Metis, daily, from Pier 27 North River at 5 p.m. Returning train leaves Boston at 2 P.M. Boston — Steamboats Stonington and Narragansett daily, from Pier 33 North River at 5 p.m. Returning trains leave Boston from Boston and Providence Railroad Depot, at 5:30 P.M. Boston — Steamboats City of Boston and City of New York, daily, from Pier 40 North River at 5 p.m. Returning train leaves from Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad Depot, foot of Summer street, at 6:15 p.m. Bridgeport, Conn. — Steamboats Bridgeport and J. B. Schuyler, daily, at 12 m. and at 12 midnight, from Pier 35 East River. Returning, leave Bridgeport daily, except Saturdays, at 9 A.M. and 11 p.m. Bridgeport, Conn. — Steamboats Artisan at 11:30 a.m., and Wyoming at 4 p.m. Returning, leave Bridgeport at 7:25 A.M. and 11:30 p.m. Cold Spring, Cornwall, Fishkill, Haverstraw, Newburgh, Low Point, Marlborough, and New Hamburg — Steamers Walter Brett and River Queen leave Pier 43 North River at 4:30 p.m. Returning, leave New Hamburg daily, except Saturdays, at 7 p.m. Catskill, Smith's Dock, Htde Park, Staatsburg, Cold Spring, Rhinebeck, TrvoLi, Malden, West Camp, Germantown, &c. — SteamVoat Neversink, from Pier 35 North River at STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. 201 6 P.M. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Returning, leaves Catskill at 6 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. College Point — Steamboat Osseo, daily, except Sunday, from Pier No. 22 East River at 10 a.m. and 4 p,m. Returning, leaves College Point at 8 a.m. and 1:15 p.m. CoxsACKiE, Athens, Germantown and Malden. — Steamer Moni- tor leaves Pier 49 ISTorth River on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 p.m. Returning, leaves Coxsackie on Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday at 4 p.m. Coxsackie.— Steamer Redfield leaves Pier 51 North River on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 5 p.m. Returning, leaves Coxsackie on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 4:30 P.M. Elizabethport, N. J. — Steamboats Chancellor and Kill Yon KuU, at 11 A.M., 4:30 p.m. and 5 p.m. daily, from Pier No. 14 North River Returning, leave Elizabethport at 6:45 and 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. Fall River, Mass. — Steamboats Bristol and Providence from Pier No. 28 North River at 5 p.m. daily. Returning, leave Fall River at 7 p.m. Fort Lee and Pleasant Yalley — Pleasant Yalley, from Pier No. 43 North River at 10 a m., 2 and 5:15 p.m., calling at Thirty-fourth street each way. Flushing. L. I. — Steamboat Osseo, daily from Pier 22 East River at 10:50 a.m. Returning, leaves Flushing at 12:40 p.m. Glen Cove, Gtlenwood, Mott's Dock, Great Neck, Sea Cliff Grove, Whitestone, Sands' Point, and Roslyn, L. I. — Steamboat Seawanhaka, at 4 p.m., from Pier 24 East River, 202 STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. calling at 33d street each way. Returning, leaves G-len Cove at 7:40 a.m. Glen Cove, Sea-Cliff Grove, Sands' Point and Whitestone, L. I. — Steamboat Arrovvsmith, from Pier 24 East River at 9:15 a.m. Returning, leaves Glen Cove at 1:45 p.m., calling at 33d street each way. Greenport, New Suffolk, Sag Harbor and Orient, L. I. — Steamboat Escort. Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, from Pier 4 North River, at 5 p.m. Returning, leaves Greenport Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 5:30 p.m. Harlem and Yorkville, N. Y. (landing at 11th and 120th street.) — Steamboats Sylvan Stream, Sylvan Dell, and Sylvan Grove daily, from Pier 24 East River (Peck Slip) at 7, 7:30, 8, 9, 9:30, 10, 11:30 a.m., 12 m., 1, 1:30, 3, 3:30, 4, 5, 6:30, 6:15, 7 p.m. Returning, leave Harlem at 6, 6:30, 7, 8, 8:30, 9, 10, 10:30, 11 a.m., 12:30, 2, 2:30, 3, 4, 4:30, 6, 6 P.M. Hartford, Middletown, and Connecticut River Landings — Steamer State of New York or Granite State, from Pier 24 East River (Peck Slip) daily at 4 p.m. Returning, leave Hartford daily, at 4 p.m., Sundays excepted. Haverstraw — ^Landing at Yonkers, Englewood, Nyack, Tarry- town, Hastings, Dobb's Ferry, and Sing Sing. Steamer Adelphi, from Pier 34 North River at 4 p.m. daily. Re- turning, leaves Haverstraw at 6:20 a.m. High Bridge and Kingsbridge — Connect at Harlem with boats from Pier 24 East River. Hudson — Nupha and Redfield, from Pier 51 North River, at 6 p.m. Returning, leave Hudson daily, except Saturday, 7 P.IVL STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. 203 Keyport, N. J. — Steamboat Matteawan. daily, from Pier 26 North River at 4 p.m. Eeturning, leaves Keyport at 7 A.M. Long Branch, N. J. — Steamboats Magenta or Gen. Sedgwick, daily, from Pier 28 North River at 6:40 and 9:40 a.m. 4 and 5 P.M. Returning, leave Long Branch at 7:40 and 10:33 A.M. and 6:05 p.m. Mariners' Harbor — Steamer Chancellor at 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m , from Pier 14 North River. . Returning, leaves Mari- ners' Harbor at 7, 8, 10 a.m., and 2:10 p.m. MoRRiSANiA, Astoria and Harlem (landing at 8th and 119th streets each way)^Ste<'imboats Morrisania and Harlem, daily, from Pier 22 East River, at 7:15, 8:15, 9:15, 10:15, a.m.; 1:15, 3:15, 4:15, 5:15, 6:20 p.m. Returning, leave Morrisania 6:5, 7:15, 8:15, 9:20, 10:15 a.m., 1:30, 2:45, 4:15, 5:15 P.M. Newark— Thomas P. Way, from Pier 26 North River at 10:30 A.M. and 4:30 p.m. daily. Returning, leaves Newark at 7:15 A.M. and 1 P.M. New Bedford, Mass. — Steamers Acushnet and Wamsutta, Wednesday and Saturday, from Pier 13 East River at 3 P.M. Returning, leave New Bedford Wednesday and Sa- turday at 2 P.M. New Haven, Conn. — Steamboats Elm City, daily at 3:15 p.m. ; City of Hartford, at 11 p.m., Saturday night at 12, from Pier 25 East River, Returning, leave New Haven at 10:15 A.M. and 11 P.M. Steamer New Haven leaves New Haven for New York Sunday nights only, at 11 o'clock. New London, Conn. — Steamboats City of Boston and City of 204 STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. New York, daily, from Pier 40 North River at 5 p.m. Returning, leave New London at 10:30 p.m. New London, Conn. — Steamboats City of Lawrence and City of Norwich, daily, from Pier 40 North River at 5 p.m. Re- turning, leave New London at 9:30 p.m. Newport, R. L — Steamboats Providence and Bristol, daily, at 5 p.m. from Pier 28 North River. Returning, leave New- port at 8 p.m. NoRWALK, Conn. — Nelly White, from Pier 37 East River, daily, at 2:45 p.m., and Thirty-third street at 3 p.m. Returning, leaves Norwalk at 7:45 a.m. Norwich, Conn. — Steamboats City of Lawrence and City of Norwich, daily, from Pier 40 North River at 5 p.m. Ntack. — Landing at Yonkers, Hastings, Irvington, Dobbs' Ferry, Carmansville, Englewood, and Tarrytown — Alexis, from Pier 34 North River at 5 p.m. Returning, leaves Nyack at 6:15 a.m. Oyster Bay. — Calling at Bayville, Huntington, Jones' Dock, Laurelton, City Island, and Cold Spring — D. R. Martin, from Pier 37 East River, daily, at 4 p.m. Returning, leaves Oyster Bay at 6:30 a.m., calling at Thirty-third street both ways. Peekskill. — Calling at Yonkers, Dobbs' Ferry. Tarrytown, Nyack, Sing Sing, Haverstraw, Verplanck's and Grrassy Point — Steamer Antelope, from Pier 34 North River, daily, Sundays included, at 8 a.m., and Thirty-fourth street at 8:15 A.M. Returning, leaves Peekskill at 1:30 p.m., arriving in New York at 5.30 p.m. Peekskill. — Landing at Yonkers, Irvington, Tarrytown, Nyack, Rockland Lake, Haverstraw, Grassy Point and Verplanck's STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. 205 — The Chrystenah, from Pier No. 34 North River at 3:45 P.M. Eeturning, leaves Peekskill at 6:30 a.m. Perth Amboy, Rossville and Staten Island Sound Landings. — Steamboat Matano, daily, from Pier No. 13 North River at 3 P.M. Returning, leaves Perth Amboy at 7:05 a.m. Port Washington, Whitestone and Great Neck, L. T. — Steam- boat Arrowsraith, from Pier 24 East River at 5 p.m. Re- turning, leaves Port Washington at 6:45 a.m. Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, Cornwall Cozzens', New Ham- burg, Milton, Rondout and Westpoint. — Steamer Mary Powell leaves Pier 39 North River at 3:30 p.m. Returning, leaves Rondout at 5:30 a.m. Poughkeepsie. — Landing at Marlboro', Highland, and New Hamburg — J. L. Hasbrouck and D. S. Miller, from Pier No. 35 North River at 5 p.m. Returning, leave Pough- keepsie at 7 P.M. Providence, R. I. — Eiectra and Meta, daily, from Pier 27 North River, at 5 p.m. Returning, leave Providence at 5:30 P.M. Red Bank and New Jersey Highlands. — Steamboat Helen leaves Pier 35 North River daily, according to tide. Rondout — Landing at Cozzens', Cornwall, Newburgh, Milton, Poughkeepsie and Esopus — James W. Baldwm or Thomas Cornell, daily, from Pier No. 34 North River at 4 p.m. Returning, leave Rondout daily, except Saturdays, at'^^6 P.M. Sao Harbor, L. I. — Steamer Escort, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, from Pier 26 East River at 5 p.m. Returning, leaves Sag Harbor Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 4 206 STEAMBOAT TRAVEL. Saugerties and Tivoli — Steamboat Ausonia, Pier 49 North River, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 5 p.m. Re- turning, leaves Saugerties Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri- days, at 6 P.M. South Amboy, N. J. — Steamboat William Cook, daily, from Pier 1 North River at 4 p.m. (See Camden and Amboy Railroad.) Returning, leaves South Amboy at 10 a.m. Staten Island Ferry — (North Shore) — Steamboats Pomona and Thomas Hunt, and Castleton, from Pier 19 North River for New Brighton, Port Richmond and Elm Park, every hour from 7 a.m. to 12 m., and from 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. Staten Island Railroad Ferry — (South Shore) — Boats leave foot of Whitehall street for Vanderbilt Landing hourly, from 6 A.M. until 7 p.m. Returning from Yanderbilt Land- ing from 6 A.M. to 7 p.m., and at 10 p.m. Stamford and Gtreenwich — Steamer Nelly White, from Pier 37 East River, daily, at 3:30 p.m., calling at 33d street. Returning, leaves Stamford at 7 a.m. Stonington, Conn. — Steamboats Stonington and Old Colony, daily, from Pier 33 North River, at 5 p.m. Returning, leave Stonington at 9 p.m. WrsTCHESTER — Unionport — Stcamboat Osseo, daily, from Pier 22 East River, at 4:15 p.m. Returning, leaves Westchester at 7:15 a.m. SUBURBAN RESORTS. 207 SUBURBAN RESORTS. Valuable Facts as to the Places Neighboring New York. We present below a carefully compiled exhibit of the railroad stations within a radius of fifty miles around this city, together with other collateral figures of general interest. The rates of commutation on the Hudson and Harlem roads are given approx- imately ; those of the New Haven road are in accordance with the schedule of reductions recently made — on one or two other roads there are no rates obtainable. For all practical purposes, how- ever, the list will be found complete enough. PLACES. i 1 ft B o S 0.2 Railroads. 1 CO .s '3 H Allendale 26 23 29 13 11 5 7 27 11 1,45 1.00 1.53 .53 .59 28 .30 1.35 .41 $76 00 77 50 85 00 69 00 69 50 50 00 50 00 95 00 62 50 Erie New Jersey. . . South Side.. . . Mor. & Essex. Mor. «& Essex. N. J. Central. N. J. Central. N. J. Central. Erie 11 Avenel (> Amityville 7 Brick Church Bloomfield 16 13 Bayonne m Bergen Point Bound Brook BelleviUe 32 14 7 208 SUBURBAN KESORTS. PLACES. 8 a s S H 6| r Kailroads. "i Bogota 13 15 39 19 16 14 . 19 23 32 35 40 25 29 13 2 2i 6 15 14 9 15 17 19 22 29 30 43 i 32 48 34 37 29 13 17 38 38 .43 1.00 1.47 .40 .31 .29 1.20 1.38 2.00 2.06 2.12 1.35 1.43 .58 .15 .17 .27 .59 .48 .42 1.03 1.09 1.17 1.23 1.29 1.32 1.54 0.27 1.30 2.10 1.26 1.33 1.23 0.23 0.36 1.50 1.50 64*66 105 00 104 00 94 00 80 00 75 00 75 00 85 00 90 00 46 00 82 00 90 00 63 00 45 00 45 00 50 00 70 00 63 00 60 00 75 00 44 '66 90 00 250 00 111 00 114 00 95 00 72 00 90 00 98 00 98 00 Midland Harlem Harlem Flushing Flushing Flushing South Side. .. i( u (( Mor. & Essex. N. J. Central.. (( (( u Erie 4 Bronxville (i Bedford 4 Brookdale 4 Bay Side (5 Broadway 6 Baldwiosville Belmore 8 6 Breslau 6 Babylon 7 Bay Shore 4 Chatham 9 Convent 4 Clifton 4 Communipaw Claremont 26 19 Ceutreville 26 Crawford Clifton 16 12 Carlstadt u ^ Cherry Hill (( 9 Cresskill North N. J... Midland Harlem u Hudsi -n u New Haven. . . Flushing Flushing. , Long Island. . . M. & E Closter 9 Corrieville 4 5 Crystal Lake Charlotteburg Central Morrisania. . . Chappaqua. Croton Falls Croton 5 12 A ( Cruger's i Cos Cob U CoUege Point Creedmore Range . . . Centerport 21 A c Denville SUBURBAN RESORTS. 209 PLACES. i c 1 5 H S U Railroads. t Dunellen 24 18 18 20 38 16 36 11 8 12 14 8 23 20 31 13 8 9 5 39 45 12 20 20 30 21 3 7 44 44 15 49 29 49 22 28 26 1.25 1.13 0.57 0.52 1.40 0.36 1.54 0.48 0.39 0.47 1.00 0.28 1.21 1.10 1.40 0.47 0.43 0.38 0.24 1.43 1.59 0.25 1.03 1.30 1.26 1.25 0.20 0.37 2.38 1.57 0.41 2.03 1.18 2.02 0.42 1.28 1.20 90 00 i66'66 105 00 98 00 68*66 60 00 65 00 65*60 87 50 80 60 100 00 63 00 25 00 60 00 52 00 110 00 100 00 68 00 75 00 80 00 85 00 75 00 45 00 109*25 111 00 76 00 112 00 90 00 125 00 100 00 100 00 95 00 N. J. Central.. North N. J... Midland Hudson New Haven . . . Flushing Long Island . . M. &E N. J. Central. " &N. J. North. N. J. . . New Jersey. . . N. J. Central. u u Erie '. 10 Demarest 8 Dundee Lake Dobb's Ferry Darien 6 9 7 Douglaston 5 Deer Park 9. East Orange 16 Elizabethport Elizabeth 30 70 Englewood East Newark Evona 9 10 5 Fanwood 14 Findeme 9 Franklin 7 Fairview North N. J... Harlem Hudson New Haven. . . Hudson Flushing Long Island . . South Side Long Island. . . Sonth Side... N. J. Central. North. N. J. . . Erie 7 Fordham 14 Fort Washington Five Mile River Fort Montgomery. . . Flushing 13 4 2 90 Far Rockaway Farmingdale Freeport 4 4 2 7 GrreenviUe 26 Grranton 6 Greenwood 1 Golden Bridge Glenwood Harlem Hudson n New Haven. . . u Flushing Long Island . . 4 5 Garrisons 7 Greenwich 10 Green's Farms Garden City Glen Cove 5 5 4 Glen Head 4 210 SUBURBAN RESORTS, PLACES. 8 1 ft H a ii 1 Railroads. >> -a Glendale 5 21 19 24 15 49 21 5 22 13 4 20 19 22 24 22 18 20 17 25 35 5 22 43 10 8i 28 8 19 42 16 12 11 18 18 17 0.30 1.21 1.22 1.39 0.53 2.03 1.27 0.32 1.00 0.45 0.15 1.15 0.44 0.58 0.50 1.09 0.38 0.43 0.59 1.12 1.45 0.28 57 2.17 0.30 0.45 1.18 0.41 1.18 1.49 0.15 0.56 0.50 0.53 1.00 0.50 0.40 50 00 78 00 67 50 72 25 63 50 118 75 108 00 75*66 28*66 88 00 96 00 80 00 100 00 75 00 90 00 95 00 75 00 80 00 96 00 60 00 108 00 47 00 60 00 60 00 85 00 60 00 96 00 108 00 45 00 64 25 63 50 65*66 75 00 98 00 South Side. .. M. & E Erie 6 Huntley 4 Hawthorne 6 Hoboken 11 Highland . u 7 Highland Mills Hillsdale. u u 4 9 Homestead North. N.J... New Jersey. . . Midland Harlem u Hudson New Haven . . . Flushing Long Island. . Flushing Long Island . . Hudson South Side... Long Island . . South Side... Long Island . . Morris &E... Erie 7 Houtenville 5 Hackensack Harlem 8 15 Hart's Corners Hastings 6 8 Harrison 8 Hempstead 8 Hempstead 6 Hinsdale 8 Hyde Park 6 Hyde Park 5 Hicksville 5 Huntington In wood 3 13 Irvington 8 Is]ip 4 Jamaica 7 Jamaica 8 Jerusalem 2 Kingsland 4 Kinder Kamock .... 8 Katonah Harlem New'k&N. Y. Erie 4 Lafayette Lake View 10 12 Lodi (( 9 Leonia North. N. J. . . New Jersey. . . New Haven. , . Flushing 8 Linden 13 Larchmont 3 Little Neck 6 SUBURBAN RESORTS. 211 PLACES. 1 5 s a s . O JH 1 Kailroads. 1 Lawrence 18 30 48 lOi 19 15 17 19 17 81 34 11 21 30 50 3 24 26 37 15 25 5 6 7 37 13 38 14 20 20 23 9 9 H 17 6 21 58 1.30 2.27 0.50 1.25 1.02 1.09 1.15 1.38 1.45 1.50 1.05 1.25 1.56 2.58 0.20 1.05 1.12 1.51 0.47 1.16 0.19 0.24 0.27 1.41 0.37 1.37 0.37 0.54 1 00 1.30 0.40 0.36 0.35 1.11 0.35 1.21 75 00 100 00 66*66 80 00 71 00 73 00 75 00 85 00 90 00 93 00 71 00 80 00 81 50 123 75 45 00 75 00 75 00 85 00 32*66 36 40 40 00 96 00 76 00 120 00 70 00 80 00 75 00 75 00 65 60 60 00 65 60 87 00 Long Island . . u South Side. .. South Side. . . M. & E (( u a it u u Erie 4 Locust Valley Lakeland 2 2 Locust Avenue Lawrence 5 4 Montrose 16 Maplewood 7 Milbum 12 Madison 8 Morristown 9 Morris Plains Montclair 5 15 Mountain View Mawah 2 7 Monroe . . . . u 8 N. J. 16 Meulo Park a u u Midland.*.*!!*. u Harlem li u u Hudson New Haven . . u Long Island. . South Side . . . M. &E Erie 5 Metuchen 3 Middlebush 4 Maywood 6 jMidland Park Mott Haven 7 14 Melrose 14 Morrisania 14 Mount Kisco Mount St. Vincent. . . Montrose 4 13 6 Mount Vernon Mamaroneck Mineola 10 10 6 Merrick 8 Newark 30 (( 8 (( New Jersey. . . Erie 43 New Milford 8 New Durham Norwood Nor. N. J. . . . 6 7 212 SUBURBAN RESORTS. PLACES. Nanuet New Brunswick. . . Newfoundland New K ochelle Norston Norwalk(So.) Newton Northport North Islip N. BeUeviUe Orange Junction Orange Orange Valley Oradell Orangeburg Oakland Oak Ridge Ocean Pond Ocean Point Oakdale Passaic , Paterson. Pamrapo Plainfield. , . . Piemiont. . . . Perth Amboy. Ponapton .... Purdy's Peekskill Pelhamville . . Port Chester. Queens Roseville . . . .• 31 1.30 32 1.29 44^ 2.00 17 0.47 37 1.37 2 1.48 9 0.17 40 2.00 43 2.13 12 0.44 12 0.50 14 0.56 14i 0.59 18 1.14 25 1.15 3U 1.35 45^ 2.05 17 0.56 18 1.22 47^ 2.22 11 0.53 12 0.44 15 1.00 17 1.00 20 1.00 4 0.23 22 1.05 27 1.35 27 1.24 34i 1.43 45| 8.06 45 1.46 16 0.41 26 1.11 13 0.38 11 0.45 11 0.50 >.J 85 00 105*00 105 00 115 00 64 00 100 00 26*50 68 50 69 50 70 00 89 00 Railroads. Nor. N. J. . New Jersey Midland New Haven Flushing. . . Long Island. u Erie Morris & E. . Nor. N. J. . . Midland 75*66 80 00 62*25 62 25 65 00 65 00 45*66 85 00 75*56 126*60 120 00 70 00 85 00 65 00 66 00 66 00 1 Long Island. South Side.. u Morris & E. . Erie Morris & E. . , Erie Midland , N. J. Central, North. N. J.! New Jersey , , Midland Harlem Hudson ; N. Haven Long Island. . Morris & E, . . i 11 SUBURBAN RESORTS. 213 PLACES. .2 1 Railroads. 03 Rockaway, N. J Ridgewood 40 11 22 9 10 14 28 34 16 20 11 16 21 30 12 24 39 24 7 17i 25 16 22 33 32 36 42 24 33 15^ 25 29 39 49f 19 11 29 2.08 1.02 1.32 0.45 37 0.54 1.51 2.08 1.08 1.04 0.33 0.50 1.04 1.24 0.36 1.05 1.43 1.14 0.37 1.15 1.40 1.04 1.25 1.45 2.02 2.15 2.30 1.31 1.37 0.55 1.19 1.19 1 58 2.10 1.11 0.31 1.14 100 00 70 00 71 00 60 00 60 00 65 00 71 50 87 00 82 75 75 00 95*66 72 00 85 00 110 00 95 00 50 00 75 00 75 00 72 00 78 00 100 00 83 25 90 75 104 50 65*60 77 50 75 00 86*66 68 00 99 00 • Morris & E. . . Erie 5 14 11 Rutherford Park 11. u Morris & E. . . Erie 4 17 Roselle N. J. Central. Erie 16 Ramsey's Ramapo 10 Erie 6 River Edge Erie 8 Rahway New Jersey.. Midland u New Haven. . Hudson New Haven. . . Long Island . . South Side... u Morris & E. . . a N. J. Central.* Erie 17 Ridgefield Park Rochelle 6 7 Riverside 5 u 10 Riverdale 16 Rye 10 Rowayton 4 Roslyn 4 Richmond Hill Rockville Centre Ridgewood, L. I South Orange Summit 7 7 6 17 12 Somerville 12 Suffem 10 Sloatsburg ... Erie 5 Southfields Erie 6 Sparkill Nor. N. J. . . . u New Jersey. . Midland. ....*! Harlem Hudson 9 Spring Valley South Elizabeth Spa Spriners 3 15 6 Stelton 8 Smith's Mills Snuff town 3 4 Scarsdale 6 Spuyten Duyvil Scarborough 15 8 214 SUBURBAN RESORTS. PLACES. 8 a 1 Ea.ilroa,rifi. Sing Sing _ , 30 34 42 50 29 45 49 Hi 27 50 48 16 23 37 7f 16 25 23 28i 23i 35 141 11 25 17 10 10 23 20 12 26 27i lOi 12 13i 22i 45 1.20 1.29 1.48 2.07 1.26 2.18 2.26 0.54 1.45 2.25 2.50 1.05 1.26 1.45 0.33 1.03 1.06 1.03 1.17 1.12 1.44 1.05 0.56 1.38 1.05 0.39 0.46 1.13 1.23 0.45 1.20 I 23 0.44 0.48 0.45 1.13 1.57 99 00 100 00 115 00 125 00 95 00 103 00 105 00 60 00 80 00 52 00 117 75 48"66 64 00 112 00 75 00 90 00 85*00 75 00 69 50 90 00 75 00 62 00 60 75 77 50 102 00 65 60 64*00 64 00 64 00 100 00 120 00 Hudson N. Haven u u Long Island . . (( South Side.!.* u n Erie . . 10 Stamford 17 So. Norwalk Southport 13 6 Syosset 3 St. Johnsland Smithtown 3 3 Springfield 7 So. Oyster Bay Sayville 7 4 Turner's 12 Tenafly, Nor. N. J. . . . (( ii Harlem., . .. u Hudson New Jersey. . Harlem Midland New Jersey . . South Side... M. «fc E N. J. Central. Erie 9 Tappan , . 8 Tallman's 3 Tremont 14 Tuckahoe 6 Tarrytown 10 Uniontown. , . . , 4 Unionville Van Winkle's Voorhees 3 5 4 Valley Stream Watsessing 8 12 Whitehall. 2 Westfeld 18 Woodside , , 7 Woodbridge Erie. 8 u ^ New Jersey.. Erie 6 Westwood 9 Waverley . , , . New Jersey. Midland Harlem u u N. Haven 13 Wortendyke 8 Wyckoff 5 Williamsbridge Woodlawn 14 5 West Mt. Vernon White Plains Westport 9 9 6 SUBURBAN RESORTS. 215 PLACES. Whitestone. . . . Winfield West Flushing Woodside Westbury ... . Woodsburg. . . . Yonkers 1 ft H r 15 0.34 78 00 8* 0.15 60 00 10 0.19 64 00 8 0.12 56 00 22 1.05 80 00 m 1.18 80 00 15 0.45 66 00 Kailroads. Flushing-. . . a u Long Island South Side . Hudson GILSEY HOUSE, Corner Broadway and 29th Street, [NEW YORK.] BRESLIN, GARDNER & CO. METROPOLITAN HOTEL, BROADWAY, BETWEEN HOUSTON AND PRINCE STREETS, [NEW YORK,] BRESLIN, PURCELL & CO. GRAND UNION HOTEL, [Saratoga Springs,] oiPEnsr j-jjisriEi 1st, i873^ FOR RECEPTION OF GUESTS. Application for Rooms can be made to either of the above Hotels. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 239 BROADWAY, Cor. Park Place, NEW YORK. CHARLES STANT03I, Prea. GEOUGE F. SMFFEN, Sec. JOHN A. NICHOLS, 2d Vice-Pres. CHAELES M. HIBBAKD, Actuary. ASSETS, OVEH $8,000,000. This Company now issues policies on its new Savings Bank Plan — tlie best, safest, and most satisfactory system These Policies Guarantee a Surrender Value, cannot be misunderstood, and are commended by the leading actuaries of the country. SEWING MACHINES. The sales of Sewing Machines in 1872, as reported under oath, in 1873, to the owners of the Sewing Machine Patents, show that the LAST YEAR SOLD 219,758 Machines, OK,, 3S,04S 3X03^3i: THATV IIX 1 S-T B , 90 Per Cent, of them being for Family Use. THIS IS OVER ^ 3 , O O O More Sewing Machines than were sold by any other company during the same period, and over ONE QUARTER of all the Machines sold in 1872. PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF THE SINGEIt MANVFACTVRIJSG CO,, 34 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK. Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Jan. 2005 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATIOI 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111