Gass- Book OFFICIAL DONATION. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. THE ADDITIONS MADE TO THE TERRITORY OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO TERRITORIES AND STATES. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ADDITIONS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND PRESENT CONDITIONS IN THAT AREA. [From^the Summary op Commerce and Finance for June, 1901.] Treasury Department, Bureau of Statistics. O. P. AUSTIN, Chief of Bureom. TEKE1T0KIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. THE ADDITIONS MADE TO THE TERRITORY OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO TERRITORIES AND STATES. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ADDITIONS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND PRESENT CONDITIONS IN THAT AREA. [From the Summary of Commerce and Finance foh June, 1901.] Treasury Department. Bureau of Statistics O. P. AUSTIN, < %ief of JBureau. ■ •••••;.;••.;••;••■ • • : • . • . . • . . • • •• ••■ . •• ••• . . :.. • V* CONTENTS TERRITORIAL, EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Page. Territorial Expansion of the United States 971 Additions to the territory of the United States, 1S00-19OO 971 A tea and population of the United States 972 Outline history of the Louisiana purchase and its development 972 Transformation of the Louisiana purchase into States and Territi iries 976 Historical sketch of the State of Texas 980 The Mexican cession 982 California 982 Historical sketch of the Oregon Territory 984 Transformation of the Mexican cessii in and Oregon Territory into States 984 Total area of the original thirteen Stales as defined by the peace treaty of 1783 and its distribution into States 986 Statistics of States of the Union organized from acquired territory 988 Illustrations. Maps showing additions to original area and transformation into States and Territories 97M, 975, -'77, 979, 981,983, 985, 987, 989, 991 . 993, 995, 997, 999. 1001, 1003, 1005 m TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES, The approaching centennial celebration of the Louisiana Purchase, to be followed by a similar recognition of the great exploring expedition which resulted in extending the control of the United States to the Pacific coast at the northwest, suggests the presentatii in of some data showing the various additions to the original territory of the United States, and the steps by which all of its area has been transformed into the present political divisions which form the United States of America. There have been twelve additions to the original territory of the Union, including Alaska, the Hawaiian, Philippine, and Samoan islands and Guam, in the Pacific, and Porto Rico and Pine Island, in the West Indies; and the total area of the United States, including the noncontiguous territory, is now fully five times that of the original thirteen colonies. The series of maps which follow show each of these additions to the original territory, also the steps by which the original territory and that added at the various dates v.. formed first into Territories and then into the States as they now exist. In attempting to present to the eye by a series of maps a chronological history of the transition from the original territory of about 700,000 square miles to the present area of 3,770,951 sq miles, and from the thirteen original colonies to more, than fifty political divisions, only the important steps can be presented, ami many comparatively unimportant changes in boundary lines must necessarily be omitted. The maps which follow show in outline the territory claimed by the thirteen colonies at the beginning of the war of the Revolution; the additional territory included within the boundaries agreed upon between the united colonies and Great Britain at the close of that war; the cession of a part of the territory of the colonies to the common union; the additions to this common territory made by the Louisiana, the Florida, the Mexican, and the Gadsden purchases, the Texas annexation, the settlement of the Oregi >n claim, the Alaska purchase, and the more recent additions of noncontiguous territory, and, chronologically, the transition of these various areas into the States and Territories now existing. It is proper to add that the boundaries claimed by the various colonies prior to and at the close of the war of the Revolution frequently intersected and overlapped each other, so that certain areas, especially in the Ohio Valley, were claimed by more than one of the colonies. It was largely due to these conflicting claims that the colonies decide.! to obviate the possibility of discord anil internal conflict by mutually ceding to the common union that part of the territory in which 1 1 conflicting boundary lines overlapped each other. It has not been practicable, in presenting in the first map of the series the outline of the thirteen colonies, t show all of these conflicting boundary lines, but only to indicate those most generally accepted. Nor has it been practical ' ' determine accurately the area of the original thirteen colonies. The census of 1790 gave the total area at that time at 827,844 square miles, but this included the area added to the original territory of the thirteen colonies by the treaty of 1783, in which Great Britain ceded to them certain territory at the Northwest and Southwest not originally 'within their boundaries, but which they then claimed by posstodion and otherwise, at the termination of the war of the Revolution. The additions to the territory of the United States subsequent to the peace treaty with Great Britain of 1783 are shown by the following table, prepared by the General Land Office of the Interior Department: Additions to the Territory of the United States from 1800 to 1900. TERRITORIAL DIVISION. Year. Area added. Purchase price. 1803 1819 1845 1846 IMS 1850 1867 1897 1898 1898 1899 1899 1901 Sqiiare miles. 875,025 70,107 389, 795 623,802 ( 3 ) S.2U 599, 446 6,740 :;,r.uu L76 li::,|-.im 7:: 68 Dollars. 15,000,000 '6,489,768 - 18,260,000 10,000,000 7,200,000 20,000,000 100,000 Total 2,937,613 87,039,768 ilnclui merits. ■ Ofwhich i m payment of claims of American i ilnsl Mexico. i exas amounting to Lin the column of area added, because it became a part of the area of the United with the admission of Texas. 971 972 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, The following table, published by the United States Census Office in May, 1901, shows the gross area and population of the United States at each of the decennial censuses from 1790 to 1900, exclusive of all noncontiguous territory. Area and Population op the United States. YEAKS. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1880. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. 1890. 1900. Square miles. S27, 844 827,844 1,999,775 2,059,048 2,059,043 2,059,043 2,980,959 3,025,600 8,025,600 3,025,600 3,025,600 3, 025, 600 Population. 3.929,214 5,308,4S3 7,239,881 9, 033, 822 12, 866, 020 17, 069, 453 23,191,876 31,443,321 38, 58,371 50, 155, 783 62, 622, 250 75, 695, 379 OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE ; ITS DEVELOPMENT INTO TERRITORIES AND STATES, AND ITS PRESENT AND RELATIVE VALUE AS A PRODUCING SECTION. SPANISH EXPLORATION. The earliest record of the acquaintance of the white man with the mouth of the Mississippi is the visit of Alvarez de Pineda and his companions in 1519, who, if is said, entered the mouth of the Mississippi and spent six weeks on its banks. Ten years later, De Narvaez touched at the mouth of the Mississippi, and in 1541 De Soto crossed the Mississippi at a considerable distance above its mouth, and, after further wanderings, perished on its bank near the mouth of the Arkansas, his followers, after considerable delay, passing down the stream and arriving at its mouth July 18, 1543, turning westward along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and ending the record of Spanish exploration of the Mississippi. FRENCH EXPLORATION AND OCCUPATION. The French exploration of the Mississippi Valley in the following century was fr< ,m the north, where explorers from their Canadian settlements moved down the Mississippi; but it was not until April 7, 1682, that the first party of explorers, headed by Robert Cavalier de la Salle, reached the month of the Mississippi, and on April 9 erected a column and took possession of the country, affixing to the column the arms of Franc • with this inscription: "Louis le Grand, Roi de France et de Navarre, regne; le neuvieme Avril, 1662." La Salic and Ids followers returned northward shortly, but three years later Henri de Tonty, who had nied him, again visited this spot and r< planted further from the banks of the stream the column which had been thrown down 1 ,vood. In 1693 Louis XIV lifted out an expedition to colonize Louisiana, with Capt. Pierre le Moyne d'Iberville in command. It arrived at the mi mt ii of the Mississippi early in 1699, and built a fort and established the 6 r-f | .ernianent colony on the eastern side of the mouth of Biloxi Bay, communication being maintained at long intervals between this post and the French colonic- in ( Canada. In 1712 the first regular charter for the government of Louisiana was granted to Antoine Crozat, whose effort to establish a settle- ment and develop the country soon proved unsatisfactory and were abandoned in 1718. Another charter was immediately granted to John Law, whose operations seem to have been less disadvantageous to the Louisiana colony than to those of France who became interested in his operations, as William Preston Johnston says that th'e privilege granted him "finally inured to the benefit of the colonv " while other writers indicate that the colony flourished during at least a part of the control of his Mississippi, or West India Company. FOUNDING OF NEW ORLEANS. In 1717 Jean Baptiste de Bienville selected the tract whereon New Orleans now stands as a site for an agricultural and commercial settlement, and in the year following, being appointed governor, sent his chief engineers with a force of 80 convicts lately arrived from the prisons of France, to clear the land and trace out the plan of a town, which he named Nouveau Orleans in honor of Orleans, then duke of France. From that time until 1722 it was maintained only as a small military trading post, but in August, 1733, it was made t he official quarters of the governor of the colony. BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH FIXED AT THE MISSISSIPPI. The seven years' war in which France and Great Britain contended for the final possession of this continent terminated with the definitive treaty of Paris signed in 1763, which fixed the western boundary of the British possessions along the middle of the Mississippi River from its source down to the Iberville, and thence down the center of that river or bayou and through lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the Mexican Gulf. 1901.] TEBEITOEIAL expansion of the united states. 973 No. 1. — 1776. Area of the Thirteen Colonies at Date op Revolution. No. 2..— 1783. Showing Addition by Peace Treaty of 17S3 on the Northwest \m> Southwest. 974 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. [September, FRANCE CEDES LOUISIANA TO SPAIN. The Louisiana Territory was ceded by France to Spain by a secret treaty on November 3, 1762, which, however, was not made public until 1763, and in 1764 the director-general of Louisiana was directed to acquaint the inhabitants of that province with the act of cession and to turn over the government to the officers of Spain when they should arrive to receive it. The motive of this cession, according to Wallace, "appears to have been to indemnify Spain for her expenses in the war then just closed, and to prevent Louisiana from falling into the hands of Great Britain." He adds, however, that, "moreover, the province had become a burden to the French Government, of which it was anxious to be disencumbered. It has been computed that France, in her prolonged attempt to colonize Louisiana, expended directly or indirectly nearly $20,000,000, without receiving any proportionate return." SPANISH OCCUPATION. The Spanish governor, Antonio de Ulloa, arrived at New Orleans March 5, 1766, but his restrictions upon commerce of French citizens with France created such dissatisfaction that a convention of planters on October 28, 1768, passed resolutions praying for a restoration of their former privileges and the expulsion of the Spaniards, and on the passage by the council of a decree requiring the Spanish troops to leave the colony within three days, Ulloa and his troops immediately embarked for Spain. He was succeeded, however, by another Spanish governor, who brought the colony under complete Spanish control. DIFFICULTIES REGARDING FREE NAVIGATION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. During the occupancy of the territory by Spain, American colonists experienced much difficulty in maintaining the right of free navigation of the Mississippi, and the opposition of Spain was so great that in 1786 the Congress of the Confederation, by a vote of 7 to 5, agreed i" suspend temporarily its demand for this right, and a treaty was framed by which the claim was to be suspended for twent; -five years, but not relinquished. This, however, proved very unsatisfactory to the population of tjie Mississippi Valley, and the entire question was referred to the new Government which assumed control in 1789. In 1795, Thomas Pinckney, as em extraordinary, ni ROtiati d a treaty with Spain by which it was agreed that the navigation of the Mississippi should be free to the citizens of the United State , and that they should for the space of three years have the privilege of depositing their merchandise in the porl i 1 New Orleans, and to export it from thence without paying any other duty than a fair price for hire of the buildings in which il might be stored. It was also agreed to renew this privilege at New Orleans at the end of three years or grant a similar privilege at some other point on the banks of the Mississippi. LOUISIANA TERRITORY RETROCEDED TO FRANCE. In the year 1S0O the King of Spain, desiring the aid of Napoleon in the erection of the kingdom of Etruria for his son-in-law, the Duke of Parma, made an agreement for the retrocession of the Louisiana Territory to France as an equivalent for that aid, the French Government being quite willing to obtain new territory in America in lieu of that lost to England a few years earlier. This agreement, madeOetober 1. 1800, remained a secret for more than a year, and even then France did not assume control of the territory. In 1S02 the Spanish official still in charge at New Orleans abrogated the right of deposit at that city and refused to name any other place as provided by the treaty. ALARM IN THE UNITED STATES AS A RESULT OF RETROCESSION TO FRANCE. The announcement made in 1802 that Louisiana had been retroceded to Franc reat alarm in the United States, whose relations with France had been recently strained through the treatment accorded the embassy sent in 1797 to adjust, tin- differences between the two nations, and the people of the Mississippi Valley especially felt that control of the Louisiana Territory and city of New Orleans by France threatened the permanent closing of the Mississippi River against American commerce. MISSION SENT TO FRANCE TO PURCHASE NEW ORLEANS. The result of this feeling was a resolution offered in Congress authorizing the President to call out 50,000 militia and take possession of New Orleans, but a substitute was adopted appropriating $2,000,000 for the purchase of New Orleans, and on January 10, 1803, James Monroe was sent as minister extraordinary to cooperate with our then minister to France, Robert R. Livingston, for the purchase of New Orleans. COMMISSION PURCHASES LOUISIANA TERRITORY. Monroe, on his arrival in France, found that negotiations for the purchase of New Orleans had been begun by Minister Livingston, and the commissioners were surprised by a counter proposition from Napoleon's representative, Barbe.-Marbois, in which he offered to sell all of the Louisiana Territory to the United States, suggesting 100,000,000 francs as the price; and the commission! rs, although they had i authorized to negotiate for more than the city of New Orleans, offered §10,000,000, and on the following day, April 13, an agreement was reached for the sale to the United States of the entire Louisiana Territory for $15,000,000, of which $11,250,000 was t i he in the form of 6 per cent United States bonds, and the United States to assume the payment of certain claims of American citizens against the French Goverment, amounting to $3,750,000. This treaty reached Washington for ratification July 14, Congress was called in special session October 17, and the treaty continued by the Senate after two days of discussion, and on October 28 a resolution to carry it into effect was passed after much opposition by many who expressed the belief that the territory was not worth the price proposed to be paid, and thatits control would be difficult and unprofitable. 1901.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 975 No. 3.— 1781-1790. Showing First Organization of Territory Ceded to the Union ey the Colonies from 1781 to 1790. (All op the Colonies except Georgia had during this time ceded their Western Territory.) No. 4.— 1790-1800. Vermont cut off from New York and Admitted v \ State (1791). T Formed and Admit:: a State (1796), ink J! ■'■ South of Tennessee."— Territory at the Extreme Southwest Organized as Territory oi No. 3 7 976 TEEKITOEIAL EXPANSION OE THE UNITED STATES. [September, AMERICAN OCCUPATION. The Spanish representatives were still in control at New Orleans and in possession of the entire territory when the treaty was ratified, and the Spanish representatives at Washington insisted that France had not carried out her agreement for the cession by Spain to France, and therefore the cession to the United States was void. Nevertheless the French charge at Washington directed the representative at New Orleans to transfer that city and territory to the representatives of the United States. The message reached New Orleans November 23, 1803, and after some consultation the Spanish governor handed the keys of the city to the French representative, who on December 20 surrendered them to the representatives of the United States Government, who assumed control of the city and territory. POPULATION OF LOUISIANA TERRITORY AT DATE OF PURCHASE. The population of the Louisiana Territory at the date of its cession to the United States was probably not far from 100,000. A volume written by M. Wante in Paris in 1803 states the population of the Territory at that date to be 50,100 whites, 39,820 blacks, and 10,340 mulattoes; total 100,260. The bishop of the province estimated the population of his jurisdiction at that date at 144,000, but his jurisdiction included Pensacola and Mobile. The census of 1810 shows the population of 97,401 for the entire area, of which 76,556 were accredited to Orleans Territory occupying the extreme southern portion of the purchase, and 20,845 to the remaining section of the Lou- isiana purchase. TERRITORY EAST OF THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI ADDED TO LOUISIANA. After the cession of 1803 questions arose between Spain and the United States as to whether the cession included any territory east of the Mississippi other than New Orleans. The claim of the United States was that the original Louisiana Territory extended a considerable distance east of the Mississippi; and although this was not admitted by Spain, Congress in 1804 passed an act for collecting duties in the disputed territory and placed it under the jurisdiction of Louisiana Territory. In September, 1810, the inhabitants of this section (i. e., of West Florida) declared themselves independent of Spain and notified the President of the United States of that fact, asking recognition as a part of the United States, and on October 27 of that year President Monroe by proclamation extended the claim of the United States over the territory in question and authorized the governor of New Orleans Territory to take possession. In 1812 an act was passed enlarging the limits of Louisiana ami including the area in controversy. TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE INTO STATES AND TERRITORIES. 1803. French cession of Province of Louisiana, comprising entire Louisiana purchase. 1804. The Territory of Orleans established with boundaries practically identical with those of the present State of Louisiana. The remainder of the Louisiana purchase was designated as the District of Louisiana. 1 S 1 2. The Territory of Orleans admitted to the Union as a State under the name of Louisiana and name of the territory known as Louisiana District changed to the Missouri Territory. 1819. Territory of Arkansaw formed, including the present State of Arkansas and a large part of the present Indian Territory and Oklahoma. In 1824 an act was passed fixing the western boundary and excluding from the limits of Arkansaw Territory practically all of that territory now known as Oklahoma and a part of that now known as the Indian Territory. In 182S the western boundary line was again changed and made practically identical with the present western boundary of Arkansas, and the territory thus defined was admitted as the State of Arkansas June 15, 1836. 1821. State of Missouri formed, the boundaries nearly identical with those now existing (except as to the northwest corner), the remaining undivided area of the Louisiana purchase retaining the title of Missouri Territory until 1834, when it was given the title of The Indian Country. 1838. Territory of Iowa formed, including the present State of Iowa, and extending thence northward to the Canadian line and including all territory between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, comprising most of the present State of Minnesota and the eastern portion of the present States of North and South Dakota. In 184o an enabling act was passed for the admission of Iowa as a State, its northern boundary being somewhat farther north than at present and its western boundary an arbitrary line running due north and south, excluding all that portion fronting upon the Missouri River and including in the then limits of Iowa about two-thirds of the eastern portion of the slate as at present denned. This, however, was not accepted, and in 1846 another enabling act was passed by which the western boundary was extended to the Missouri River and the present northern boundary established. 1 X49. Territory of Minnesota organized, comprising the area of the present State of Minnesota and that part of North and South Dakota lying east of the Missouri River. In 1858 Minnesota was admitted as a State and the western portion of the territory not included in the Slate was in lsiil combined with a part of Nebraska and organized as the Territory of Dakota. The State of Minnesota also includes about 52,319 square miles of the area of the original thirteen States. 1854. Territory of Kansas organized, with practically its present boundaries, except that its western limit extended to the summit of the Rocky Mountains and included a part of the present State of Colorado. In 1861 Kansas was admitted as a State, and the western boundary line changed to its present location. 1854. Territory of Nebraska formed, with its southern line identical with the southern line of the present State of Nebraska, but extending westward to the Rocky Mountains, the Territory thus including all that area between the southern line above described and Canada on the north, the Missouri River on the east, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. The northern portion of this area was designated in 1S61 as the Territory of Dakota, ami in the same year the formation of the Territory of Colorado removed a section from the southwestern portion of the area then designated as Nebraska, while in the formation of the Territory of Idaho in 1863 the western boundary of Nebraska was fixed at about its present location. Admitted as a State March 1, 1867. 1861. Territory of Dakota organized from parts of Nebraska and Minnesota Territories. Its eastern boundary was practically identical with that now separating the State of Minnesota from North and South Dakota, and its southern boundary identical with that separating Nebraska from South Dakota, and extending westward to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and thence northward to the Canadian^^e. In 1863 the western portion of Dakota was transferred to the Territory of Idaho, and in 1889 the boundary between North and South Dakota was named, and the two sections severally admitted as States. 1901.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 977 No. 5. — 1800. "Territory Northwest op the Ohio" Divided and the Western Part Organized as "Indiana Territory." No. 6. — 1802-1804. Ohio Admitted as \ State and the Remainder of the Territory Northwest ok the Ohio Attached to Indiana Territory (1802) .—GEORGIA Cedes Her Western TERRITORY TO THE UNION (1802), and this Area and the Unor- ganized Territory South ok Tennessee were [Incorporated swth Mississippi Territory 0^04). 978 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [Septembee, 1861. Territory of Colorado organized boundaries identical with those of the present State of Colorado, being made up from portions of Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas and Nebraska, the northeastern section being taken from the Louisiana purchase, the central and southeastern portion from the Texas annexation, and all of the remainder from the Mexican cession. 1863. Territory of Idaho, formed from parts of Nebraska, Dakota, and Washington Territories, and included, besides the present State of Idaho, all of the territory now known as Montana and Wyoming. Its boundaries were, therefore, Dakota and Nebraska on the east, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada on the south, Oregon and Washington on the west, and Canada on the north, the portion east of the Rocky Mountains being taken from the Louisiana purchase, and that West of the Rocky Mountains from the Territory of Oregon. 1864. Montana Territory was formed from the northeastern portion of Idaho Territory. 1865. Wyoming Territory formed from the southeastern part of the Idaho Territory; in 1890 Idaho and Wyoming admitted as States. Wyoming has the unique distinction of being the only State which contains within its boundaries territory originally included in four different additions to the territory of the United States, viz, parts of the Louisiana purchase, the Texas Territory ceded to the United States, the Mexican cession, and the Oregon Territory. AREA, POPULATION, AND PRODUCTION. The land area of the Louisiana purchase exceeds that of the original thirteen States, being 861,944 square miles, against a total land area of 820,944 square miles in the original thirteen States. The States and Territories which have been created in whole or in part from its area number fourteen, and their population in 1900 was 14,708,616, against a population of less than 100,000 in the territory at the time of its purchase. Their total area is nearly one-third that of the entire Union, and their - population about one-fifth that of the entire United Stales. They produced in 1890 164,000,000 bushels of wheat, and in 1900 264,000,000 bushels, at a value in 1900 of SI -"12,000,000, their total wheat production being over 50 per cent of that of the entire United States. They produced 603,000,000 bushels of corn in 1890 and 1,013,000,000 bushels in 1900, with a value in 1900 of §314,000,000, their total corn crop forming in 1890 40 per cent and in 1900 48 per cent of the total corn crop of the United States. Of oats they produced in 1900 311,000,000 bushels, or 38 per cent of the total product of the country, with a valuation of $71,000,000. Their production of barley in 1900 was valued at over §10,000,000, and of rye at over §2,000,000; while their production of potatoes in 1900 amounted to over §25,000,000, of hay $130,000,000, and of cotton §50,000,000. The total value of the agricultural products of the States formed from the Louisiana purchase, including in that category simply wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, potatoes, and cotton, was in 1890 §670,000,000 and in 1900 §755,000,000. The wool product of these States amounted in 1894 to 61,871,357 pounds, and in 1900 to 100,396,982 pounds, or 35 per cent of the total wool product of the United States, with an estimated value of about §15,000,000, or equal to the cost of the entire area. The value of the farm animals in these States in 1890 was §772,000,000, and in 1900 §825,000,000. Add to these easily measured farm products the estimated value of the wool, the sugar, the dairy and poultry products, and the proportion of the live stock annually turned into provisions, and it may be safely estimated that the agricultural products of a single year amount to one hundred times the original cost of the area; or, in other words, that its cost is repaid by 1 per cent of the agricultural productions of each recurring year. MINERAL WEALTH. The product of the mines is also of very great value. The coal produced in this area in 1899 amounted to 22,000,000 tons, against 14,000,000 tons in 1890; the iron ore to 8,491,000 tons in 1900, against 1,269,000 tons in 1890; the silver product of 1899, §50,300,768 in coining value, against §44,799,998 in 1890, and gold, §37,712,400 in 1899, against §10,650,000 in 1890. BANKING STATISTICS. The prosperity shown by these figures is further evidenced by the banking institutions of the States formed from this territory. Their capital stock amounted in 1900 to over §80,000,000; their circulation to §36,600,000, against §15,644,000 in 1890; their loans and discounts in 1900 to §317,563,000, against §269,016,000 in 1890, and their total resources in 1900 to §1,099,111,000, against §746,903,000 in 1890, while a still more gratifying evidence of the prosperity of this section is the fact that individual deposits in national banks in 1900 amounted to §329,699,000, against §216,609,000 in 1890, an increase of more than §110,000,000 in individual deposits during the decade. EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS. A study of educational conditions shows equally rapid and gratifying development. The pupils enrolled in the public schools in the States in question in 1890 numbered 2,5S0,495, and in 1899, 3,161,112; the teachers employed numbered, in 1890, 89,558, and in 1899, 102,202, and the expenditure for public schools in 1890 was §30,284,752, and in 1899, §37,185,881. The number of pupils in attendance at high schools in 1S99 was 113,847, with 4,937 teachers; normal schools, 15,843 students, with 625 teachers, and at higher educational institutions, 40,249 students, and 3,925 teachers. The total figures for schools and educational institutions in the fourteen States formed from the Louisiana purchase show. Teachers, in 1890, 95,365; in 1899, 111,689; attendance, in 1S90, 2,670,541; in 1899, 3,331,051. NEWSPAPERS, POST-OFFICES, AND RAILWAYS. The number of newspapers and periodicals published in this area in 1890 was 4,759, and in 1900, 5.61S; the number of post-offices in 1890, 12.919; in 1900, 16,228; the miles of railway in operation in 1890 numbered 51,823, and in 1899, 59,324, or 31 per cent of the total railway mileage of the country. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES CONSIDERED. The powrt of this vast area with its agricultural and mineral wealth to sustain a population much greater than that which it now supports is suggested by a comparison of its area with the area and population of the prosperous countries of Europe. The total area is 875,025 square miles and is slightly less than that of the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and Switzerland, whose total area is 885,978; with a present population of 202,363,573, as against a present population of 14,708,616 in the territory under consideration, whose agricultural and mineral possibilities fully equal those of the European States named. 1901.] TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION <^F TLLE UNITED STATES. 979 No. 7. — 1803. Louisiana Purchase Added to the Territory of the United States, more than Doubling its Land Area. 'V. "N. No. 8. — 1804. Territory of Orleans Formed from Southern Pari oi rati Loi csiana Purchase and the Remainder Designated as Louisiana Disi rh 980 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE STATE OF TEXAS. The French and Spanish contended for the territory now known as Texas in the early period of its history. The little city of Ysleta, located on the Rio Grande near El Paso, claims to be the site of a mission built by Coronado in 1540, twenty-five years earlier than the founding of St. Augustine. Aside from this, the first recorded attempt to establish a settlement within the present limits of the State was that of La Salle, who, in 1685, conducted a colony of French emigrants from France with the purpose of establishing a settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi, but sailing past it unawares landed in Matagorda Bay and erected Fort St. Louis on the Lavaca. In 1689 a Spanish officer, Captain De Leon, was sent to drive the French out of the country, but on arrival found the garrison already scattered, and in the following year established the mission of San Francisco on the site of Fort St. Louis. A Spanish governor was appointed in 1691, but the settlement was soon abandoned. In 171-4 the French again attempted to settle the country through an expedition sent from Louisiana by Crozat, to whom all of Louisiana had been granted in 1712. His expedition was, however, captured by the Spanish, and for twenty years following the Span- iards held control, giving to the country the name of "The New Philippines," the Philippines of the Orient having been then for more than a century under their control. In 1735 a French settlement was established beyond the Red River, and the Spaniards finally conceded the French a right to that region. In 1762 the cession of Louisiana by France to Spain terminated the contest between the French and Spanish for control of this territory, which, however, was renewed between the Americans and tin' Spanish on the cession of the Louisiana territory to the United States. Spain claimed not only all of the present State of Texas, but territory east of the Sabine River, while the United States claimed title as far as the Rio Grande. From 1806 to 1S19 the question was undetermined, and this period was marked by numerous invasions or attempted invasions by parties of Americans, beginning with the projected movement of Aaron Burr and including the engagement at San Antonio in 1813, in which all but 100 of a force of 2,500 Americans and Mexicans were slain, and nearly 700 of the peaceable inhabitants of San Antonio murdered. In 1819 the boundary between Texas and the United States was fixed at the Sabine River. In 1820 Moses Austin, who was then residing in Missouri, received a grant of land in Texas from the Spanish authorities of Mexico, and his son, Stephen F. Austin, conducted a colony to a point near the present city of Austin, and this was soon followed by other colonies. In 1824 Texas and the province of Coahuila were established as a Mexican State and a Mexican commandant placed in charge. His treatment of American citizens created great dissatisfaction, and in 1833 the American settlers, who at that time numbered fully 20,000, held a convention, .prepared a State constitution, and sent Col. S. F. Austin to the city of Mexico to request that Texas be established as a separate State of the Mexican Republic. He was detained until 1835 and Mexican troops sent to occupy the territory. Several engagements occurred during 1835 in which the Texans were successful, and in November, 1835, a provisional government was formed, Henry Smith elected governor, Sam Houston commander in chief, and S. F. Austin a commissioner to the United States. On December 22 a declaration of independence was issued. Santa Anna, then President of the Mexican Republic, entered the State at the head of 7,500 men, suppressed the revolt, and during this period occurred the storming of the Alamo, a fort near San Antonio and the slaughter of its garrison numbering 172 men, who on its capture after eleven days' siege by 4,000 Mexicans, were all slaughtered except 3 persons — a woman, a child, and a servant — the Mexican loss during the siege being 1,600. General Houston, in command of the Texan troops, finally succeeded in defeating the Mexican forces and captured Santa Anna, ending the war; and in September, 1836, Houston was elected president, and on October 22 inaugurated. In March, 1837, the United States acknowledged the independence of Texas, and similar action was taken by France in 1839, and by England, Belgium, and Netherlands in 1840. In August, 1837, according to A. Johnston (p. 97, Vol. I, of Lalor's Cyclopaedia of Political Economy and United States History) , the minister of the Republic of Texas made application to the Executive for membership in the United States, but the proposition to that effect introduced in the Senate by Preston of South Carolina was tabled by a vote of 24 to 14. In 1843 President Tyler, according to the American Cyclopaedia (vol. 15, pages 405, 678), made propositions to the president of Texas for its annexation to the United States, and a treaty to that effect was framed on April 12, 1844, and submitted to the Senate, but rejected June 8. In January, 1845, the United States House of Representatives, by a vote of 120 to 98, passed a resolution providing for the annexa- tion of Texas, and after long discussion it passed the Senate by a vote of 27 to 25 and on March 1 was approved by President Tyler, three days before the close of his term, and a representative sent to Texas to submit the proposition. A convention, called by the presi- dent of Texas approved the proposition for annexation (July 4, 1845) and prepared a State constitution, which was approved by popular vote, and on December 29, 1845, a joint resolution of Congress declared Texas admitted into the Union as a State. The boundaries of Texas as admitted differ materially from those forming the present limits of the State, having included the eastri n half of the present Territory of New Mexico, the central portion of the present State of Colorado, and a small section in the present St ;t 1 1 s of YVvoming and Kansas. In 1850 Texas ceded to the United States that portion of its territory outside its present State lines and was paid 810,000,000 in bonds, which sum was applied to the payment of the State debt. Provision for the division of Texas into five States was made by the joint resolution of Congress by which Texas was admitted. It provided that "new States of convenient size, not exceeding four in number in addition to the said State of Texas, and having sufficient population, may hereafter, by consent of said State, be formed out of the territory thereof, which shall be entitled to admission under the provisions of the Federal Constitution." Of this Alexander Johnston, the historian, says: "It is now practically impossible to obtain any such consent from the State, and its size must remain undiminished until the development of separate interests within it shall produce a division naturally." Apropos to this suggestion, it may be said that the present area of Texas is about 50 per cent greater than that of Ohio. Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee combined, and is nearly equal to the combined area of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. It could retain its present distinction of being the largest State of the Union and yet spare sufficient territory to make four States equal in size to the group known as the Middle States — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware — whose combined population is 15,638,531. The present area of the State exceeds that of England and Germany, whose combined population is now over 85,000,000. 1001.] TEKEITOELAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. 981 r™ No. 9. — 1805. Michigan Territory Formed from Northeastern Part op Indiana Territory. No. 10. — 1809. Indiana Territory Divided and Western Portion called Illinois Territory. 982 • TEEEITOBIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. [September, RECENT GROWTH. The recent development of the State of Texas is suggested by the fact that its population increased from 2,235,523 in 1890 to 3,04S,710 in 1900; its corn production, from 63,802,000 bushels in 1S90 to 81,963,000 bushels in 1900; its oats, from 11,059,000 bushels in 1890 to 28,27S,000 bushels in 1900. The value of its cotton crop increased from $67,764,000 in 1888 to §92,187,000 in 1899, and the value of its farm products, including wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, potatoes, and cotton, increased from $128,988,465 in 1S90 to §158,785,414 in 1900, while the value of its cattle increased from 575,227,000 in 1890 to $95,255,000 in 1900. The number of national banks in the State increased from 189 in 1S90 to 223 in 1900; their circulation, from $3,821,000 in 1890 to $7,177,000 in 1900; their loans and discounts, from $48,814,000 to $56,453,000; their total resources, from $83,099,000 to $103,418,000, and their individual deposits, from $30,450,000 in 1890 to $49,749,000 in 1900. The number of pupils enrolled in the public schools in 1890 was 466,872, and by 1899 had increased to 552,50.".. The number of teachers in the public schi » .Is in 1890 was 10,880, and in 1899 was 14,989. The total expenditure for public schools in 1890 was $3,178,300, and in 1899, $4,476,457; and the attendance at schools of all classes, including public schools, high and normal schools, and higher educational, institutions, was in 1890, 476,992, and in 1899, 576,329. The number of post-offices during the decade increased from 2,139 to 3,011; the number of newspapers and periodicals, from 542 to 794, and the miles of railway in operation, from 8,710 in 1890 to 9,722 in 1899. • THE MEXICAN CESSION. The first historical account of the visit of the white man to the great area north of the Eio Grande formerly known as New Mexico is that of the wanderings of Cabeza de Vaea, who accompanied De Narvaez to Florida in 1528, and after the movement of de Narvaez and party westward along the Gulf coast and the subsequent death of de Narvaez and some of his party, made his way with the few remaining followers across the continent, reaching San Miguel in Sonora in May, 1536. His accounts of the trip led to the exploration of the country in question, subsequently called, respectively, New Mexico and California. In 1539 Marcos de Niza visited the, country, and in the following year Coronado crossed the country north of the Gila eastward beyond the Eio Grande among the Pueblo Indians, who then occupied the coimtry, and they were followed by others. Toward the close of the century Juan de Onate was sent by the viceroy of Mexico to take formal possession of the country in the name of Spain and establish colonies, missions, and forts. This date is variously stated at from 1595 to 1599. Missions were established, mines opened and worked, and the enterprise flourished until the Indians rebelled against enslavement, and in 1680 drove the Spaniards out. In 1698 the Spaniards regained possession of the country, and it remained a province or Stale of Mexico until 1846. The annexation of Texas in 1S45 was quickly followed by war with Mexico, the direct cause being a disagreement as to whether the Nueces Kiverorthe Eio Grande formed the true boundary between Texas and Mexico, the Mexican Government claiming all territory south of the Nueces, and the United States claiming the territory between the Nueces and the Eio Grande. War with Mexico was declared in May, 1846. Immediately following this declaration Gen. Stephen Kearny, who had command of the Army of the Wi ;-t, was ordered to take possession of the area known as New Mexico, and in June set out from Fort Leavenworth with 1,600 men, crossed the country and took possession of Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, August IS, 1846. He then took formal possession of the State and appointed Charles Bent provisional governor and moved westward, his original instructions having been to conquer California as well as New Mexico. CALIFORNIA. The earliest recorded visit of the white man to California is that of an expedition sent from Mexico in 1534 by Cortez, then governor of that country, to explore the country northward. A romance published in Spain many years earlier had described the doings of a queen of amazons who ruled an island rich in gold, diamonds, and pearls "on the right hand of the Indies known as California," and Cortez and his lieutenant, Grijalva, believing that they were in the neighborhood of the coast of Asia, called the country thus discovered "California." The first settlements made in the country thus named were those of the Jesuit missionaries who were located in Lower California in 1683. Sir Francis Drake had in 1578 passed up the western coast of America and touching temporarily at a bay on the western coast, believed by some to have been the Bay of San Francisco, called the country New Albion, or New England, remaining, however, but a very short time. Explorations northward from the settlements in Old, or Lower, California, were only made in the following century, and the first mission planted in Upper, or "Alta," California, as it was termed in the Spanish language, was established at the present site of San Diego in 1769. The Bay of San Francisco was not reached until 1770, and a mission was established there in 1776. Eighteen missions had been established by the close of the century with over 15,000 converts among the Indians. The Spanish power in Mexico was overthrown by the revolution of 1822, and California passed under control of the new governor of Mexico, which deprived the missions of their control of the Indians, secularizing the government of the section then known as California. Ten years later immigrants began to arrive from the United States, and when the war with Mexico began in 1846 many thousands of citizens of the United States were residents of California, which, however, was still a part of Mexico. Capt. John C. Fremont had been sent in 1845 by the Government to explore the maritime region of Oregon and California, and in May, 1846, received instructions to watch the movements of the Mexicans in California, who, it was believed, were disposed to band the province over to the British Government. He hurried to California, and finding the Mexican general marching against the American settlements, engaged bis forces successfully, and on July 5, 1846, the Americans in California declared themselves independent and elected Fremont governor of the province. Meantime Commodore Stockton had arrived with authority to conquer California, and he and Fremont jointly took possession of Los Angeles. General Kearny, whose instructions on leaving Fort Leavenworth for New Mexico had been to "capture New Mexico and California," arrived in California in December, 1846, with a small part of his command, and refusing to sanction the election of Fremont as governor, in February, 1847, assumed that office himself and declared the annexation of California to the United States. The war between the United States and Mexico was terminated by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848, and ratified by the Senate March 10, 1848. It transferred to the United States both New Mexico and California, the price being, according 190i.] TERKITOKIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. No. 11.— 1810-1812. United States Takes Control of Territory East op Lower Mississippi River Adjacent to New Orleans (1810).— Orleans Territory Admitted as a State (1812), and Name of Louisiana Territory Changed to Territory of Missouri. No. 12.— 1817. Territory of Alabama Formed from Eastern Portion or Mississippi Territory and Western Portion of Territory Admitted as State of Mississippi. No. 3 8 984 TEEBITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, to Johnston, the historian, "$15,000,000, besides the assumption by the United States of $3,250,000 in claims of American citizens against Mexico." The territory included that part of New Mexico east of the Rio Grande, which was also claimed by Texas, and the disputed claim cf Texas was afterwards, in 1S50, settled by the payment of $10,000,000 by the United States to the State of Texas in full satisfaction of her claim. During the next five years disputes arose as to whether the' Gila River constituted the boundary line of that section now known as Arizona and New Mexico, and in the- latter part of 1853, by the Gadsden purchase, the United States obtained from Mexico, on the payment of $1 0,000, 000, the disputed territory as well as the right of free transit of troops, munitions, mails, and merchandise over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The area added to the United States by the original Mexican cession, according to Johnston, was 545, 7S3 square miles, and by the Gadsden purchase, 45,535 square miles. Commissioner Hermann, in his "Louisiana purchase," page 69, gives the area of the Mexican cession as 522,568 square miles, and the Gadsden purchase, 45,535 square miles. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE OREGON TERRITORY. The Oregon Territory had been long in dispute between the United States and Great Britain. Ferrelo, a Spaniard, had made exploring voyages along the coast in 1543. Sir Francis Drake moved northward along the Oregon coast in 1578, after his landing on the coast of California, described in the brief history of California above given; and several Spanish explorers visited the country between 1592 and 1775. In 1792, Capt. Robert Grey, a trader from Boston, entered the mouth of the Columbia and thus laid the foundation of the American title to Oregon. In 1805 the Lewis and Clarke exploring expedition dispatched by President Jefferson after the purchase of Louisiana, crossed the Rocky Mountains and following down the Columbia River, reached the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Columbia in November of that year, returning eastward in the spring of 1806. In 1811 John Jacob Astor and others established a fur-trading post at the mouth of the Columbia, calling it Astoria, and in 1833 emigration to that region overland began, and by L850 thousands of settlers from the United Studs had reached Oregon. The British Government, however, made claim to the section, and in 1813 captured Astoria, the settlement founded by Astor' s Pacific Fur Company, but in 1818 a treaty of joint occupation was made with the United States and Astoria restored to United States jurisdiction. From 1818 to 1846 the .country was jointly occupied by the United States and Great Britain. In that year a treaty was made by which the forty-ninth parallel and the Straits of Fuca were made the northern boundary of the United States possessions in the Oregon Territory, and the treaty was ratified June 15, 1846. An organic law had meantime been framed and accepted by the American settlers, and this formed the basis for a provisional government until Congress, in 1848, created the Territory i if Oregon, which comprised all of the United States territory west of the summit of the Rocky Mountains and north of the forty-second parallel, and on March 3, 1849, the territorial government went into effect with Joseph Lane as governor. TRANSFORMATION OF THE MEXICAN CESSION AND OREGON TERRITORY INTO STATES. The discovery, exploration, settlement, and transfer to the United States of each of the above outlined sections — New Mexico, California, and Oregon — are given consecutively, since their definite addition to the territory of the United States and their formation into Territories and States are practically simultaneous. The population of New Mexico, California, and Oregon Territories given by the census of 1850, the first taken after their acquisition, is stated as follows: New Mexico, 61,547; California, 92,597; Oregon, 13,294; total. 167,438. New Mexico was governed by the military until 1850, when a territorial government was organized by act of Congress. The discovery of gold in California, in 1848, attracted a large population, and the necessity for a substantial government becoming quickly apparent, a convention of delegates was called by the military governor of the Territory, General Riley, to meet at Monterey September 1, 1849. The constitution which it prepared was adopted on submission to the people and California admitted as a State September 9, 1S50, after a prolonged discussion in Congress over the slavery question, which delayed final action, but it was not until several years later that control by vigilance committees of the heterogeneous population drawn thither by the gold discoveries, terminated. The process 1 >y « hich the Mexican cession and Oregon Territory wire transformed into their present political divisions is as follows: ls-lli. Control of Oregon Territory by the United States settled by treaty with Great Britain. 1848. Mexican cession of New Mexico and California. September 9, 1850. State of California admitted and Utah Territory formed from northern portion of Mexican cession lying east of the northern part of California. December 3, 1850. Territory of New Mexico formed from that part of Mexican cession not included in California and Utah; also including part of territory claimed by Texas, for which Texas was paid $10,000,000. 1853. Gadsden purchase, $10,000,000; made part of the Territory' of New Mexico. Washington Territory formed from the northern part i if Oregon Territory. 1859. Western part of Oregon Territory admitted as a State and eastern part temporarily attached to Washington Territory. 1861. Territory of Nevada organized from western part of Utah, and Territory of Colorado organized from eastern part of Utah, western part of Nebraska, and northern part of New Mexico and northwestern part of Kansas. L863. Idaho Territory formed from the eastern part of Washington Territory and western part of Dakota Territory. Arizona Territory formed from western part of New Mexico. 1868. Montana formed from the northeastern part of Idaho. PRESENT CONDITIONS. The territory added by the Mexican cession had, as above indicated, a population of 165,524 at the census of 1850, the first enumeration after the purchase. In 1890 it was 1,675,009, and in 1900, 2,122,378. This does not include any part of the State of Colorado, of which about one-third falls within the Mexican cession, but does include all of New Mexico, which is formed in part from territory which was claimed by Texas. The wheat production of the five States and Territories now representing the Mexican cession was in 1S90, 33,066,000 bushels; in 1900, 37,444,934 bushels. The barley production of 1900 was 15,105,060 bushels, valued at $6,527,226, 1901.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. JIS5 No. 13. — 1818. Territory op Illinois Divided and State of Illinois Formed. — Remainder of Illinois Territory Attached to MicniGAN Territory. No. 14. — 1819-1820. Florida Purchased from Spain (1819). — Arkansas Territory Formed prom Southern Part of Territory op Missouri (1819). — Maine, Formerly a District op Massachusetts, Admitted as a State I LS20 986 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, and the hay crop alone in 1900 was valued at $30,427,256, or twice as much as the sum paid to Mexico (exclusive of the agreement to settle the claims of American citizens, amounting to §3,250,000) for the entire Territory. The States and Territories in question produced in 1900 nearly one-fourth of the wool grown in the United States, their total wool production being in 1900, 62,704,883 pounds, out of a total in the United States of 288,636,621 pounds. The total value of the production of wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, hay, and potatoes in these five States and Territories in 1900 was $63,734,169, or practically four times the sum paid for their purchase. The number of horses and mules in 1900 was 627,108 and their value $20,374,787. The number of cattle in 1900 was 2,549,130, and their vahie$58, 761,330, against $57,713,266 in 1890. The number of sheep in 1900 was 10,028,126, against 10,583,146 in 1890, and their value in 1900, $24,790,675, against $19,039,162 in 1890. The total value of farm animals in the five States and-Territories formed from this purchase was in 1900 i 203,619, or six times its original cost. The silver production in 1899 was $14,018,715, coining value, and the gold production in 1899, 824,017,800, against $17,830,000 in 1890. The growth in educational facilities during the decade in the States and Territories in question is shown by the fact that the pupils enrolled in public schools numbered in 1890, 292,62(i, and in 1899, 375,722; the number of teachers in public schools increased during that period from 7,081 to 10,969, and the total expenditure for public schools from $6,010,242 to $7,752,941; and the total attendance at schools of all classes had increased from 312,945 to 403,427 and the number of teachers employed from 8,390 to 12,7s:;. The number of post-offices increased from 2,119, in 1890, to 2,705, in 1900; the number of newspapers and periodicals published from 725, in 1890, to 911, in 1900, and the miles of railway in operation from 9,022 to 11,201. An additional evidence of the general prosperity of the citizens as a class is shown by the fact that the individual deposits in national banks increased from $25,517,000, in 1890, to 16,334,000, in 1900; the circulation of the national banks in these Slates and Territories from $1,834,000 to $5,453,000, their loans and discounts from $28,569,000 to $40,189,000, and the total resources of all banking institutions (national, State, private, and savings banks) in these States and Territories from $284,744,000 to $446,2.81,000. The population of the three States formed from the original Oregon Territory was in 1890, 747,524, and in 1900, 1,093,411. Their production of wheat in 1890 was 22,306,000 bushels, valued at $16,851,802, and in 1900, 44,399,302 bushels, valued at $23,136,333. The value of the hay crop was in 1894, $15,655,831, and in 1900, $23,730,012. The wool produced was in 1894, 31,297,223 pounds, and in 1900, 44,586,S84 pounds. The value of cattle on farms and ranches was in 1890, $34,316,643, and in 1900, $36,595,2S0; of sheep in 1890, $8,239,S75, and in 1900, $10,447,148, and of all farm animals in 1900, $60,672,910. The gold produced in 1900 was valued at $4,003,900, and of silver, $4,971,312 (coining value). The number of pupils in public schools was in 1890, 133,529, and in 1899, 219,097, and the expenditure for public schools in 1S90, $1,933,110, and in 1899, $3,229,297. The number of post-offices was in 1890, 1,346, and in 1900, 2,127. The banking resources were in 1890, $59,286,000, and in 1900, $72,877,000. Total Area op tiie Original Thirteen States as defined by the Peace Treaty op 1783, and its Distribution into States. [Prepared by the General Land Office, Interior Department.] STATES AND TERRITORIES. Land Water Total surface surface Sq. miles. Sq. mitex. Sq. miles. I-' 876 318 49, 194 4,794 818 5, 612 1,969 411 2.3S0 59 10 69 68,850 586 59,436 66,004 2,350 68,354 35,860 727 36,587 39,898 434 40, 332 29, 89 1 3, 145 33,039 •J, 875 2, 422 12, 297 8,038 508 S, 546 57, 530 40,460 97,990 26, 191 4,855 31,046 42,809 471 43,280 9,056 321 9,377 T. 454 719 8,173 47,687 6,032 53,719 ■ls.'.'T'J 3,702 62, 674 4<>,72:i 3, 711 44,464 44, 679 1,249 45, 928 1,081 166 1,247 30, 460 588 31.048 41,0X6 370 42, 056 9,114 449 9,563 39, 925 2,405 42,330 24,343 161 24,504 55,117 10,688 65,805 820, 944 88,106 909, 050 Remarks. Alabama* Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia. Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota l MlESiOSlppi -.. New Hampshire . New Jersey New York North Carolina ., Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina.., Tennessee Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Total 820,94-1 1,674 square miles of Lake Michigan included. 230 square miles of Lake Michigan included. /16.653 square miles of Lake Superior; 12,922 of Lake Mich- I igan, and 9,926 of Lake Huron. 2,514 square miles of Lake Superior included. 3,140 square miles of Lake Ontario included. 3,443 square miles of Lake Erie included. 891 square miles of Lake Erie included. 2,378 square miles of Lake Superior, and 7,500 of Lake Michigan included. i Includes only that portion of the State formed from territory within boundaries of original thirteen States. 1901.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 987 No. 15. — 1821. State op Missouri Formed, but Name of Missouri Territory Retained for the Undivided Portion of the Louisiana Purchase. No. 16.— 1S24-1828. Reduction of Area of Arkansas Territory in 1824 ani. oj 1S28. 988 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States of the Union Oeganized from Acquired Territory. [September, STATES AND TERRITORIES. Date of act of organization as Territory. Population at census next following Territorial organiza- tion. Date of act of admission as State. Population at census next following 1 admission as State. POPULATION ET CENSUS. Area in square miles. Popula- tion per square mile. Capital. 1890 1900 1900 Louisiana Pukchase: Mar. 2,1819 Feb. 28,1861 14,255 l 34, 277 June 15.1S36 Mar. 3, 1875 97,574 194, 327 1, 128, 179 412, 198 180,182 1,911,896 1,427,096 1,118,587 1,301,826 2,679,184 132, 159 1,058,910 IS2.71U 61,834 328,808 60, 705 1,311,564 539, 700 391,960 2,231,853 1,470 195 1,381,625 1,751,394 3,106,665 243, 329 1,068,539 319, 146 398,245 401,570 92,533 53,045 103, 645 31,000 55, 475 81,700 46, 120 79, 205 68, 735 145,310 76, 840 70,195 38, 830 76,850 97,675 24.72 5.21 12.04 40.23 18 30.42 22.11 45.19 . 1.67 13.90 4.54 10.26 5.22 .95 June 12,1838 May 30, IS A Mar. 3,1805 Mar. 8,1849 June 4,1812 Mav 26,1864 Mav 30,1854 Mar. 2,1861 May 2,1890 Mar. 2,1861 July 25,1S68 43,112 107,206 n ('.,077 8 20,845 20,595 28,841 ( 3 ) 61,834 9, 118 Mar. 3, 1845 Jan. 29,1861 Apr. 8,1812 May 11.1S58 Mar. 2,1821 Feb. 22.1SS9 Feb. 9.1867 Feb. 22,1889 192,214 1 107, 206 - 76, 66 172,023 ' 66, 557 132,159 122,993 1S2, 719 Topeka. Baton Rouge. Feb. 22,1889 July 10,1890 328, 808 60,705 Cheyenne. Total 427. 553 11,981,283 14, 708, 616 1,023,825 1 1. 37 Feb. 24,1863 Mexican Cession: 9,658 1 92, 597 61,547 16,857 11,380 59, 020 1,208,130 153,593 45,761 207,905 122, 931 1,485,053 195, 310 42, 335 276,719 112,920 155, 980 122, 460 109,710 82, 190 Sept. 9,1850 92,597 Sept. 'Mv.ii Mar. 2,1861 Sept y,lS50 1.59 .38 3.36 Mar. 21,1864 July 16.1S94 42,491 ° 207, 905 Carson City. Salt Lake City Utah Total 1,675,009 2,122,378 583, 290 3.64 Mar. 3,1863 Aug. 14,1848 Mar. 2,1853 Julv 3,1890 Feb. 1 1. 1869 Feb. 22,1889 Oesgon: 14,999 13,294 11,594 84,385 52, 165 349, 390 84,385 313,767 349, 390 161,772 413,536 518, 103 84,290 94,560 66, 880 1.92 4.37 7.74 Salem Olympia. Total 747,542 1,093,411 245, 730 4.4.5 Dee. 29,1845 Texas » 212, 592 212. 592 2,235,523 3, 04S, 710 262, 290 11.62 16,642,357 63, 069, 756 20,973,115 76,304,799 2,115,135 2, 970, 038 9.91 25.69 Total United States Per cent Louisiana Territory forms of 19 26.43 19.27 27.48 34.47 71.21 United States, re.- cent grand total forms of United States. i Census of 1860. = Census of 1810. s Population of Dakota Territory by census of I860, 4,837. * Census of 1850. 6 Census of 1820. 6 Census of 1S90. 1901.] TEMUTOIUAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 989 No. 17. — 1834. Portion of Missouri Territory Lying North of the State of Missouri, Extending North to the Canada Linh and West to the Missouri and White Earth Rivers Attached to the Territory of Michigan. — Remainder of the Missouri Territory Designated as the Indian Country. TERRITORY OF W1SCQW**. ILL MO. , MISS LA s°s 1 \ ^j. r / ME A > liif i IND ! OHIO ,L--r".:-"!'ti' ^-**0EL V*. . "3 * -■} TENN y ,r no $ ! ALA .N G& ' 1 . - - — ■* >-* i **\ > ^£ r°A V. No. 18. — 1836-1837- Territory op Wisconsin Formed from Western Part of the Tj rritory of Michigan in 1836, lnd Eti Admitted as the State of Michigan in 1837. — Boundary Line of Missouri Extended to the Mtsboubi River at tiik Northwest Corner of the State f LS36). 990 TEERITOBIAL EXPANSION Oj THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States of the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. [September, WHEAT PRODUCTION. CORN PRODUCTION. OATS PE'iniCTIUN. STATES AND TERRITORIES. Bushels. Value. Bushels. Value. Bushels. Value. 1S90 1900 1S90 1900 1S90 1B00 1S90 1900 1890 1900 1S90 1900 Louisiana Pur- chase: Arkansas Colorado Lava Kan*;; 1,575,000 t, 777, 1 'i 19.011,000 2,6S9,41S Dollars. 1,543,619 15,: 4,252,199 33, 443, 000 767, 1 9,0 ii 16,9^ 1,1 175, : 45, 225.V 17 3,1 163,87 1,6 21,7-: .".1.7 1,708 180,710,404 210. 1 14,144 2 Dollars. 21,737,952 483 "'.'7 28,187,241 1 1 , 8,940,136 77,151,802 Dollars. 19,447,157 L, 530, 692 82,582,186 • ,. .. 65,233,320 3, 677, 454 49,02J 3, 967, 000 2,498,000 71.:','.i7,(«ii 31,269,000 567,000 38,402,000 24,579,000 22, 430, 000 10, 000, 000 7,038,665 3,272,390 130,572,138 13,063,943 614, 142 41,907,046 24,695,373 2,5 ! . 37,778,572 6,299,241 Dollars. 2,102,361 1,2 IS, 990 27, 130, 903 12 , 14, 208, 796 8,747,761 3, 000, POO Dollars. 1,407,128 26,11 !. 128 9,904, 707 Minnesota Missouri . i 713 : 20, 149, 6S4 1,190,680 l U,6 i,817 27s. .175 : ■ 1,078,869 2,015,771 Nebraska North Dakota.. 10,000 6,000,000 6,030,000 26,548,992 South] 30,411,000 3,015,233 14,846,000 12,653,266 630, 272 4,950,815 8,036,784 Total 163,796,000 263,020,925 126,751,189 152,372,479 602,868,000 1,012,832,967 276, 249, 710 313,933,222 222, 752, 000 31 1 ,093,826 |S4, 853, 882 7 1 : 7, 589 Mexican Cession: 311,000 29,121,000 250, 000 2, 279, 000 1 . 3, 697, 106 22,131,778 214,658 1.777.927 288, S69 1 California New Mexico... 4, 396, 566 1,126,000 1,351.975 554, 752 2, 857, 694 821,819 824, 705 355,011 1,943,000 392,000 1,477,771 1 1,088,087 229,994 1 223,394 1 079. 775 110, 397 Utah 169, 180 106. 583 i, 059, 666 1 9is,2ii j . 404,014 Total 37, 444. 934 25.454,577 22. 187, 614 6,261,000 | 2,075,907 4,181,812 1, 2S6, 329 3, 394, 000 2,625,979 j 1,893,658 1,194,186 Oregon: 1.370,000 8,071,000 3, 104, 629 1 . 0(58. 931 1,428,129 1,093,000 6,658,000 3,497,000 1, 349, 845 3,282,770 3,016,226 634,056 3, 329, 100 1,643,652 539,988 1,345,936 1,200,490 Oregon Washington ... 16,198,012 , 9,648,844 25, 096, 661 173,000 317, 147 in'., 1 in 114, 205 180, 774 62,623 22, 306, 000 44,399,302 16,851,802 23,136,333 173, 000 423,287 114,205 243, 397 11,248,000 7,648,841 5, 606, 808 3,092,364 3, 575, 000 3,396,228 11,973,384 63,802,000 81,962,910 45,937,696 38, 522.56S 11,059,000 J28,278,232 j 6,0S2,692 8.4S3.470 Grand total .. rota] United States 223,043,000 399,264,000 368,861,074 172, 483, 796 334,773,678 212, 669, S10 323, 515, 177 673,104,000 1,489,970,000 1,197,295,071 2,105,102,516 326, 453, 423 754,433,451 ' 751, 220, 034 248,453,000 '349,646,878 98,437,010 523,621,000 jS09,125,989 222,04S,4S6 84,137,609 208,669,233 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms oi United States . Per cent grand total forms of United States 41.02 55.86 50.48 70.63 ■ 37.86 51.51 47.09 65.73 40.45 45.10 48.11 66.88 36.61 43.27 41.79 47.12 42.54 47.45 38.44 43.21 38.21 44.33 34.2 40.32 1901.] TERKITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 991 No. 19.— 183S. Territory of Iowa Formed from that Part op Wisconsin Territory Lying Between the Mississippi and Mis Rivers. No. 20. — 1S4-"). Texas Annexed and Admitted \ \ State. No. 3 9 992 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States op the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. [September, BARLEY PRODUCTION. EYE PRODUCTION. HAY CROP. POTATO CROP. STATES AND TEREITOKTES. Bushels. Value. Bushels. Value. Value. Value. 1893 1900 1S93 1900 1893 1900 1893 1900 1894 1900 1894 1900 Lot isiana Pub- chase: Dollars. DoUars. 17, 385 119,343 1,183.739 1,245,377 19,722 39, lso 1,922, 181 Dollars. 10,083 1,672 4S5, 333 17:.: 243 Dollars. 14,200 21, 319 740,694 S2O.067 Dollars. 2,192.021 13, 406, 779 2 1,318,990 13,364,059 761,856 16,832,308 3, 188,979 - 1 1 6,689 1,957,194 8,210,679 3, 618, 720 2.022 933 13,551 ' 34, 043, 996 18,34 . i 18 172,839 9,892,241 19,237,704 5, 138, 725 8,153,574 3,602,156 DoUars. 720, 133 1,591,043 5, 239, 870 3,016,978 358, 149 2,270,782 3, 174, 09 276,150 l ■: . 19,597 2''9 st;o /'i liars. Colorado 11,599,066 128,86) 31 1,266 11,708,822 1,186,802 183, 158 3, 27 i 9 60,! ■" 157. 133 1,332,264 1,381,645 1,627, s'.Si 3, its. [88 126 308 2,590,817 3,537, i '6 1,547 4,735,579 753,061 1, 1." 1,103 'i.: "i • Mi souri 9,268,011 1 ,6 008 2,841,853 ■J. 187,23] 7,275,251 201, 527 1,998,840 1,543,371 13,064 78,004 285,287 880,974 7S7, 786 . ": ! '. 6,674 96 733 478,507 1 : "_.. 238, 541 1,036, HI 134, 198 107,343 435, 306 68,594 Nebraska North Dakota . South Dakota . 91,648 23, "'7 83,655 867,237 83,990 27. SOI 317, 077 7, 190 30,952 8 34,436 10 844 Total 27, 699, 785 27, 831, 091 9.452,779 10,110,981 4, 929, 021 5,938,226 1,941,823 2, 498, 955 105, 582, 1G8 129,449,893 21,033,126 ' 25, 198,445 Mexican Cession: 298,971 17,116,110 33, 329 280,923 236,993 155, 165 7. L88 766 168 54 106, 647 791.028 30, 529, 647 861, 165 1. 199,002 2,516,061 648,970 22,071,594 765,676 2,887,669 1,053,347 30,303 682,507 37,080 76, 1S5 '_'!.. 116 14,856,170 31,204 6,388,153 19, 346 504,000 502,580 302,400 291, 196 1, 177. 657 153 1 i ' Utah . 217,686 119,727 42, 769 . 59, 202 20. 101 30,785 311 i Total 17,966,826 15, 105, 060 7, G38, 763 (',,527,220 516,769 561,782 322, 601 322, 281 39,197,203 30,427,256 1,009,521 1,963,459 Oreoo: 308,910 975,096 1,860,961 399, 012 905,9 - 1,386,26/ 163, 722 390,038 725, 775 199,506 380, 190 540, 644 2, 185, 587 7, 527, 791 i 642, 153 4,284,170 11,404,178 8,011,664 S59, 624 539, 770 321,518 761. 109 864,633 m 75, 506 91, 040 39, 169 55,119 21, 193 57,364 22,718 Total 3,144,967 2, 691, 207 1,279,535 1,120,640 110,568 133, 209 79,312 80, 082 15,655,831 23,730,012 1,629,750 1,947,560 39,977 50.4C5 21,786 36, 292 49,669 64,630 33,707 43, 302 4, 633, 684 3, 732. 377 1,113,314 806, SS.S Ml total.. Total United States 48,851,055 45,677,763 58,925,833 18,395,863 28,729,386 17, 795, 139 24,075,271 5,635,927 | 6,697,847 116 J 23,995,927 2,377,343 13,612,222 2, 941, 620 12,295,417 165, 068, 886 408, 578, 321 115, 53S, 870 21,845,711 91,526,787 30,216,352 90, 811, 167 Pi : c 'ill Louisiana Territory forms i i i Qited States . Per cent grand total tonus oi United States 39.64 69.92 47.23 77. 52 32.9 64.01 42 73.91 18.56 21.22 24.75 27.91 14.27 17.47 20.32 23.95 22.53 35.23 29.06 42.05 22.98 27.14 28.08 33. Si U'Ol.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 993 No. 21. — 1846. State op Iowa Formed prom Southern Part op Iowa Territory. — Claim of United States to Oregon Territort Settled by Treaty with Great Britain, Terminating Joint Occupation by United States and Great Britain, Followed by Immediate Withdrawal of Latter. No. 22.— 1848. New Mexico and California Ceded to United States by Mexico on Payment op $15,000,000 and Assumption of $3,250,000 Claims of American Citizens Against Mexico. 994 TEEEITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States of the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. [September, COTTON PRODUCTION. WOOL PRODUCTION. TOTAL VALUE OP ONE YEAR'S PRODUC- TION OF WHEAT, CORK, OATS, BARLEY, HORSES AND IULES ON FARMS. territories. Bales. Value. Pounds. RYE, HAY, POTATOES, AND COTTON. Number. Value. 1888 1899 1S88 1899 1894 1900 1890 1900 1S30 1900 1S90 1900 Louisiana Puk- Arkansas 597, 290 669,385 Dollars. 25,283,293 Dollars. 24,298,678 1, 290, 408 8,861,: 28 5,247,480 i,472 876,220 3,015, Mi 5,831,550 2,421,522 2,243,825 127, 154 ! 9,861,811 411.3H3 13, 303, 175 3,813,186 2, 165, 728 475, 295 2,761,809 3. *20,768 26, 020, 120 2,448,462 2,: i 328 21,422,661 21,549,231 Dollars. 53, 596, 762 18,471,749 172,536,075 78, 693, 995 32, 255, 001 68,908,909 121,704,71 1 6, 384, 211 57,429,605 4,099,642 Dollars. 51, 207, 478 22, 148, 17s 165, 856, 213 131,741,717 39, 166, 103 67,411,914 98,231,102 7,845,293 106,314,862 12,702,561 13, 565, 862 34,219,087 4,489,842 316,979 145, 835 1,137,616 821,032 219,435 406, 195 1,019,866 218,945 376, 721 154,293 1, 010, 621 815,262 237,751 467,921 889 623 147, 659 702,683 187,286 59, 910 294,468 72,312 Dollars. 19, 655, 643 127, 804 82,967,074 53,317,337 1 1.. VIII, 635 31,771,171 62,887,089 ' i 262 41,827,953 o Dollars. 14,165,924 1, 167,908 50,519,680 30. 5 ma 446, 77s 699, 476 18,904,054 25, 670, 000 11,066,025 746,621 32, i ,039 .26,702 30,51 ., 179 9, 167,646 1,564,077 39, 122, 781 3,848,580 0) 144,450 5, 765, 981 11,566,937 1.426,769 Total 1,044,068 jl, 363,861 44, 1S7, 347 49,968,678 61,871,357 100, 396, 982 670, 052, 024 755. 200. 242 5,331,418 5,416,510 352,349,067 226, 549, 146 Mexican Cession: 6, 221 , 214 26,27 .,158 13, 389, 994 U, 047,936 7, 529, 565 13,352,010 16,093.424 11. i92 903 1 : i 16,981 1,256,840 64,780,879 3, 013, 259 4, 958, 399 6, 748, 658 937, 839 48,288 1 1 3, S87, 796 2,734,648 7, 059, 3S4 35, 606 ■in.- : 62, 693 53,892 143,454 53,462 370, 411 86,482 43, 428 73, 325 1,724,675 27,012,480 2, 052, 136 3,008,864 5,017,364 1,455,815 14, , 1,793,268 737,248 Utah .. 1,605,314 Total 68, 690, 345 02,704,883 79,758,035 63, 90S, 351 710,532 627, 108 33,815,519 20,374,787 Oregon: Idaho 5, 788, 140 19,853,552 19,321,800 18, 810, 192 6,454,892 4,711,920 21,795,453 14, 709, 870 6,773,261 23,039,068 23,538,069 139,569 190, 156 119, 901 123,710 189, 427 172,861 6, 889, 162 8, 678, 634 7,645,544 2, 89". 314 6, 727, 164 6,809,489 Total 31,297,223 44,586,884 41,217,243 53, 350, 3S8 449, 626 490,998 22,213,340 15,432,967 Texas 1,594,305 2,438,555 07,764,35.s 92,187,133 23, 529, 155 14,485,225 128.9S6.465 158,785,414 1,563,490 1.386,187 55, 870, 755 32, 673, 448 Grand total.. Total United 2, 638. 373 3,807,416 111,851,705 142,155,811 185,388,080 298,057,3S4 222,173,974 288, 636, 621 920, 013, 767 1,031,244,395 8, 055, 066 16, 544, 864 7, 920, 803 15, 623, 551 471, 248, 681 1,160,910,661 295, 030, 318 715,686,534 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms 20.76 62.2 34.79 76.98 32.2 48.69 34.67 50.7 30.35 40.69 31.65 Per cent grand total forms of United States. . 41.22 i Horses and mules on farms in Dakota Territory in 1890: Number, 313,237; value, $22,163,718. 1901.] TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 995 No. 23.— 1849. Territory of Minnesota Formed from Northern Portion of Former Territory of Iowa. No. 24. — 1850. Texas Cedes 123,784 S ii \m: Mii.es of her Northern Territorv co rHE United States fob the sum of $10,000,000. 996 TEKEITOKIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States of the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. [September, NUMBER AND VALUE OF CATTLE ON FARMS AND RANCHES. NUMBER AND VALVE OF SHEEP ON FARMS AND RANCHES. NUMBER AND VALUE OF HOGS ON FARMS AND RANCHES. STATES AND TERRITORIES. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1890 1900 1890 1900 1S90 1900 1S90 1900 1890 1S99 1S90 1899 \:>"A Fur- chase: Arkansas Colorado 916, 333 1. n '. 196 3,909,049 2,580,237 473,334 2,290,047 1,014,801 1,726,441 (') 419, 422 1,115,421 3,442, 012 2,867,224 294,961 1,237 003 2,047,346 2,206,792 431,371 879,200 Dollars. 9,554,729 1? 588,763 72,813, 16 1 14,596,699 5,783,555 20, 119, 729 38,566,403 30, 706, 938 C 1 ) Dollars. 7,061,864 81,682,202 117,019 85,400,1 '1 5,001,1.11 34,986,245 55,849,636 13,663 7 ... 19,748 12,1 B0,992 8, 181,337 27,643,227 21,240,031 269,484 i, ,,816 438,313 115,082 1,198,200 1 239,400 ( 2 ) 108, 957 619,476 275.11S 113,205 419.21S 597,619 3,884,179 S71, 110 33,094 381,882 2, MO. 100 Dollars. 101,990 3,778 281 1,330,382 870,271 179,111 800, 105 2,506,754 4,467,799 503,338 ( 2 ) Dollars. 181,795 6,250,036 2, 187,816 179,203 1,333,113 1,854,711 11,017, 171 1,090,807 i.i 1,683 63,380 1,257,156 9,964,806 1,663,275 29,508 5, 805, 000 2,734,195 706,947 527,526 5,096,000 29, 254 2, 309, 779 C s ) 1,280,120 20,713 3,408,2S1 1,691,: ii 796,498 411,353 2, 9 '.:>. Ms 42,265 1,353,671 111,959 8 1,891 1 15, 469 22,345 Dollars. 4,091,657 ISO, 737 34, 181,700 15,256,810 2,120,842 2, 847. 586 IS, 569, 824 198,926 12,985,579 Dollars. 2,982,680 103,805 19,590,800 Kansas Louisiana Missouri Montana Nebraska North Dakota.. 8,1.21.950 2,341,704 ■.\:U7,971 11,696,028 80 i, 1 16 7,201 529 680,712 383 35 South Dakota.. Wyoming l>) 18, 676, 476 1,017,373 (■) 2,249,921 5,200 31,424 824,083 133, 555 17,433,011 16,972,357 |296,298,818 | 504,040,015 8,121,108 12,154,432 17,791,063 37,719,514 19,383,253 12,223,724 93,157,603 | 56,5S3,3U Mexican Cession: Arizona I lalifornia New Mexico ... Nevada Utah 620, 960 966, 433 1,403,732 391 92 479, 0S0 381,861 913, 753 238,081 336, 076 9,398,350 19,174,134 15, 993, 662 5,9; . 194 7,168,926 6,591,343 25,289,377 12,920,038 5, 690, 740 8, 269, 832 698, 404 3, 092, 736 700, 986 2, 055, 900 1,024,430 2,001,501 3,973,439 657,773 2, 370, 983 1,152,367 8,409,190 3,872,106 1,323,882 4,281,617 2, 393, 5S1 5, 710, 282 8,622,362 1,914,120 6,150,330 20. 110 647,000 22, 593 19,232 47,611 23.2S6 371,141 30,204 14,441 17,808 90, 630 8,176,476 133,010 101,931 326, S19 89,418 1,67 ;.', '7 l: ; 503 i 1 332. 598 Total 3,862,131 2, 519, 130 57, 713, 266 58,761,330 10,583,146 10,028,126 19,039,162 24, 7110, 675 756, 606 489, 880 3,807,866 | 2,276.827 Oregon: 405, 997 1 .1,45 453,022 397, 928 637,4*3 390,444 7, 127, 576 15,502,557 11, 686, 510 9, 727, 840 15, 776, 111 11,091,029 187,357 2,929,830 673, 060 2,658,662 2,446,695 790,217 1,072,185 5, 622, 344 1, 545, 346 7. 144,254 6,532,676 2,470,218 31,000 270, 164 143, 411 75,718 216,430 156, 74S 155,000 441,438 1,153,059 Washington 7'-:.. 692 Total 1,710,477 1,425,805 34,316,643 36, 595, 280 4,090,247 5.895,571 8,239,875 16, 447, 148 414,575 418,896 2,093,951 | 2,197,521 Texas 8,011,195 5,046,335 75,227,682 95,254,682 4,752,640 2,416,721 7,239,696 4,034,063 2,321,246 2,684,987 | 8,073,292 | 9,316,906 Grand total .. Total United States 31,016,844 52, 801, 907 25, 993, 627 43, 902, 414 163,556,309 913,777,270 694, 651, 937 1,204,298,366 27,547,141 44, 336, 072 30,494,853 41,883,065 52,309,796 100,659,761 - 1,591, 1"" 122, 665, 913 22,905,680 61,602,780 15,847,487, 38,651,631 107,132,712 j 70,374,565 243,418,336 ,170,109,743 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms of United States.. Per cent grand total forms of United States 33.01 68.74 38.65 59.21 32.42 50.73 41.85 67.68 18.32 62.13 29.02 72.81 17.67 61.96 30.75 68.14 37.66 44.39 31.62 41 38.27 44.01 33.26 41.37 > Cattle on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 1,070,636; value, 817,783,874. = Sheep on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 266.329; value, $703,108. 8 Hogs on farms in the Dakotas In 1890: Number, 476,569; value, $2,389,518. 1901.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 997, No. 25. — 1850. State of California and Territories of Utah and New Mexico Formed from Part of Mexican Cession and Area Purchased from Texas. No. 26. — 1853. "Gadsden Purchase" Ceded my Mexico for $10,000,000 and Added to New Mexico.— Washington Territory Formed from Northern Part of Oregon Territory, 998 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States of the Uxiox Organized prom Acquired Territory — Continued. [September, TOTAL NUMBER AND VALUE OF ANIMALS. GOLD PRODUCED SILVER PRODUCED STATE-; AND TERRITORIES. Number. Value. (COIKIKG VALUE). (COINING VALUE). 1S90 10IM)i 1890 1900'- 1890 1S99 ISilO 1S99 1S0O 1899 1S90 1S99 Louisiana Pue- Arkansas Co] Indian Terri- 3, 166, 071 3, 073, 730 :;, 175,754 ]'■ Bars. 33,704,019 31, 8i Dollnrs. 24,392 263 42, 50 Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Tons. 357,013 2, 7C2, 503 776,097 2,017,788 Tons. 753. 173 = 4,298,916 1, 372, 703 L62 74 3,439,524 Tons. Tons. 4,1 "10,000 25,9S2,800 24,307,070 29, 301, 527 114, 275 307,557 Louisiana Missouri Montana Nebraska Nortb 1 1 2,370, 169 9,604,11 i • P) 6,484,406 4,585,203 -... j, 866 1.701,01'.! 3,1 B2,673 92,619 114,041,117 22,1 1 31,70 I, 176 P) 189,617,661 124,781,823 18,5 8 576 ■ ! ',411 17,263 1,033 10,51 41,191,403 32,765,152 891,910 181 690 SI, 632 ' 2,442,162 462, 033 1,339 26, 786 2, 701, 620 1, 336, 117 ' 3,300,000 4,760,100 - 20,S10,990 88,222 South Dakota . Wyoming (?) P) 3,200,000 129, 292 188,251 1,669,970 3,426,243 Total 50,268,820 46,707,023 1 759,596,551 824,892,616 10.650,000 37,712,400 44,799,998 :.o,: ,7' s 14,106,559 22,039,267 1,269,507 8,491,566 Mexican Cessiok: Arizona California New Mexico 1,375,110 6,01 3, HO 4,581,754 1 4,709,484 953, 723 12, "(ill, 022 57, : ; .22,030 . 10,412,871 16. 794, 726 10, 530, 157 47, 456, 708 23, 169,171 8,; ■ I K 35s 074 1 '"10.000 0,000 850, 000 2,81 0,000 15,197,800 584 100 3,450,800 1,292,929 1 1,680,808 10,343,434 1,090,457 98,84 ' 335, 515 143,725 903,707 1 IS Total 15,912,415 13. 694, 214 119, 375, 813 106,203,619 17 830,000 •>i nl7.Rf!0 20, 234, 342 14,018,716 718,434 ! 1,749,261 54, 148 ! ! Oregon: 1,063,923 4,241,608 1,389,394 3 261 018 :.. I 1,98 1,510,270 14,243,923 30, 951 21,663,292 20,5X19,846 28, 91 ■ 11,2 1,850,000 1,100,000 204, 000 1,889,000 1,429,500 685, 400 4,783,838 96,969 90, 505 4, 980, 105 173,641 330, 990 54,' 923' 1,128,294 18 77, 579 1,812,394 ■'< ,ugton... Total 6,694,925 8,261,273 66,863,809 60,672,916 3,154,000 4,003,600 4,971,312 5,4S4,736 1,183,217 1.889.991 i 16,6-18,571 | 11,534*,230 | 146,411,325 | 141,879,099 | 6,900 387,878 672,323 164,679 | 789,136 | 22,000 | 14.729 Granrl total.. 1 1 United States 89, 524, 731 165,285,573 80,256,770 140,060,661 1,092,247,498 2,218,766,028 1,133,648,250 2,212,760,556 i 31,634,000 32,845,000 65, 741, 000 71,053,400 70,393,630 70,485,714 70,476,542 70.80C, 626 16,172,889 140,882,729 26,467,655 1 1,291,507 226,553,564 | 16,036,043 8,530,443 24,683,173 Percent Louisiana Territory forms of United States . Per cent grand total forms of United States 30.41 54.16 33.39 67.3 34.24 49.23 37.28 61.23 32.42 96.31 53.07 92.52 63.56 99.87 71.05 99.54 10.01 11.47 9.73 11. 6S 7.91 8.05 34.4 34. 03 1 Statistics of swine for 1899. ■ Including 85,889 tons anthracite in Colorado and New Mexico. s Total number and value of animals in the Dakotas, 1890: Number, 2,126,771; value, 853,040,218. * Wyoming, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. 1901.] TEKKITOIUAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 000 No. 27.— 1854. Unorganized Portion of Louisiana Purchase (then known as the Indian Country), organized as Territories op Kansas, Nebraska, and Indian Territory. No. 28.— 1858 1859. State op Minnesota Formed from Eastern Part of we Territor> of Minnesota (1S58).— Oj mitted as a State, and Eastern Part of Oregon Territory ^ttacheb ro Washington Territori L859). No. 3 10 1000 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OE THE UNITED STATES. [ September, Statistics of States of tiii: Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. PETROLEUM PEO- D IN— PCBLIC-SCTTOOL STATISTICS. STATES AND Pupils enrolled. Teachers employed. Total expenditure for public schools. High schools. Normal schools. TERRITORIES. Students. Teachers. S indents. Teachers. 1S90 1S99 1S90 1899 1S90 1899 1S90 1899 1S99 18(19 Louisiana Pu b- i Barrels. . Barrels. 223, 071 65, 190 301,387 108,816 5,010 7,073 1,016 776 1,681,379 ! 14,385 3,1 13,374 1,045 14 269 2,118 •J 193 25 1 35 1,149 547 222 647 1,044 52 5 : 64 23 104 21 529 569 39 25 i o\ Pad ■■ 390, 278 493, 267 399, 322 16, 980 24 1 35, 543 370,240 196,169 668,018 277, 765 85, 635 98,540 13,012 26, 567 2,676 10, 555 1,982 28,694 L157 11,250 13.7S2 9,192 3,637 2, 182 1 , 806 536 ( as . S17, 110 4, 187, 310 5, 134 262 3,376,332 1, 126, 112 5,172,110 3 i ..... , 1,605,623 213,291 1,664 2,032 445 2,190 130 2,249 413 2 626 170 Kan: as ma L,2I 69,700 87 25 Miss iuri 278 1132 85 8 i i 20 9 7,052 4,610 259 1, 199, 630 2 225, 000 30 Total 370, 320 465, 670 2,580,495 3,161,112 102,202 30,284,752 113,847 4,937 15,843 02.3 Mexican Cession: 7,989 221,756 18,215 7,387 37, 279 15.S98 253,397 27, 173 7, 348 71,906 240 5,434 = 476 251 680 373 8,157 706 314 1,419 IS 1, 914 000 394, 685 6, 164, 053 154, 5 ! 991,973 182 13, 797 "..'J 423 2,034 10 762 25 19 100 182 1,804 35 6 California .... 307, 360 2, 642, 095 79 4 664 33 Total 307,360 2, 642. 095 375,722 7,081 10,969 6, 010, 212 7, 752, 941 16,695 916 2,745 122 Oeegon: 14,311 63,254 55,964 32, 696 88,485 97,916 497 2,566 1,610 902 3,693 3,321 169,020 805, 979 95S,111 271,377 1, L69, 126 1, 795, 795 524 2,705 3,503 36 111 181 151 561 322 10 31 17 Total 133,529 219,097 4,673 7,916 1, 983, 110 3,229,297 6,732 358 1,031 58 54 009,013 466, 872 552, 503 10, 880 14, 9S9 3, 178, 300 4,476,457 17,564 803 1,154 51 Grand total.. Total United States 677,734 45,822,672 3,776,778 57,070,S50 3,473,522 12,722,5S1 4, 308, 434 15,138,716 112,192 363,922 136, 076 415, CC0 41,406,401 ! 1 i. 506, 71E 62,644,676 197,2S1,603 154, S38 580, 065 7,014 28, 128 20, 776 68, 380 856 3,093 Per cen t Louisiana Territory forms of United States. Per cent grand total forms of United States .81 1.48 .81 6.62 20.28 27.30 20. SS 28.46 24.61 30.83 24.59 32.74 21.55 29.63 18.85 26.69 » Including Michigan. 2 Estimated. [901.] TEUBITOBIAL EXPAtfSIOM OF TUK UNITED STATES. 1001 -' ' No. 29.— 1861. Territory of Nevada Formed from Western Part of Utah. — Territory of Colorado Formed from the Eastern Part of Utah. Western Part of Nebraska, and Northern Tart of New Mexico. — Dakota Formed from Northern Part of Territory of Nebraska and that Part of the Territory of Minnesota not Included in the State of Minm No. 30. — 1863. Idaho Territory Formed from the Fastern Part of Washington Territory and Western Part of P Territory. — Arizona Territory Formed from Western Part of New Mexico.— West Virginia Formed from Western Part of Virginia. 1002 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics op States of the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. [Sjeptembeh, higher educational institutions, 1899. TOTAL OF ALL SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. POST-OFFICES, JAN- NEWSPAPERS AND PERI- BILES OF liAII.MAY STATES AND TERRITORIES. Students. Teachers. Attendance. Teachers. ODICALS PUBLISHED. IN OPERATION. 1890 1899 1890 1899 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 Louisiana I'ue- ciiase: Colorado IndianTerritory 1,662 2,065 285 7, 616 6, 726 2, 121 4,109 9, 925 516 3,392 908 446 1,308 140 119 320 23 555 493 186 412 1,193 53 362 55 29 111 14 225, 659 68,057 1231 515,516 4ii,S5:: 292, 099 640,813 17,653 247, 396 36, 151 307,812 117, 047 7 v .s 696, 569 392,383 201,770 403,736 7u:;.ssi 36, 791 297, 675 69,768 86, 675 102.592 13,534 6,207 2,639 117 27, 837 12.868 3,097 9,619 15,213 679 11,070 2,033 7,424 3,893 68 30, 568 13,610 4,590 12, 391 16, 104 1,199 10, 181 3,776 2,243 6,051 571 1, 424 612 ■258 1,750 1,816 811 1,236 2,300 312 1,009 464 1,885 736 511 1,907 1,673 1, 155 1,642 2, 948 475 1,088 616 593 692 307 198 276 18 ST 765 173 476 849 70 610 126 30 256 35 257 336 84 1,073 703 192 653 1, 033 92 617 155 125 267 41 2, 205 4,291 i 1,261 8,416 ' 1,740 .5, 646 6,142 2 196 5, 11 - 2,116 3. 088 4,617 1. 339 9,114 8, 749 2,604 6,770 5 594 3.765 Missouri Nebraska North Dakota.. South Dakota.. Wyoming 80,347 7,311 4,787 278 636 201 2,610 1,003 2, 825 1,212 Total 40, 249 3.925 2, 670, 541 :;,:;:. l.ii.51 95,365 111,689 4,759 6,61s 61,823 69, 324 Mexican Cession: Arizona California Now Mexico ... Nevada Utah 133 5,728 335 331 1,738 16 619 41 23 82 8,064 240, 220 18,513 7,773 38,375 16, 395 274,786 8,102 76, 312 244 6,604 503 278 761 405 9,617 776 356 1,634 163 1,334 231 146 245 212 1,658 312 184 339 34 668 47 25 51 54 698 62 30 77 1,095 4.5,51. 1 389 923 1,265 1,465 6, 455 1.788 920 Total 8,265 781 312, 915 403,427 8,390 12, 788 2,119 2,705 725 911 9,022 11,201 Oregon: 183 1,686 1,343 19 199 130 14,413 66,15:: 57, 314 83, 554 93, 437 Hi::,0M 509 2,792 1,694 967 4,064 3, 619 239 607 600 424 872 831 46 146 194 70 192 221 946 Washington 2^012 2[S92 Total 3,212 348 137,940 230, 075 4,995 8,680 1,S46 2,127 386 483 4,398 5,108 363 476, 992 576. 533 11,394 16,206 2,159 3,011 542 794 8,710 Grand total . . 56, 834 5,417 j 3.59S, 418 4, 540, 882 120, 144 149, 363 IS, 523 24,071 6,412 7,806 73, 953 86,042 Total United States 201, 569 19, 896 13,228,588 15,988,729 395,065 466,777 60, 140 75,388 18, 536 20, 806 166, 703 190, 833 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms 20.19 27.2 20.83 28.4 24.14 80.41 23.92 32 21.48 30.79 21.52 31.93 26.67 34. 59 27 37.51 31.08 44,16 Per cent grand total forms of United States i Includes Oklahoma. 1901.] TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OE THE UNITED STATES. 1003 No. 31. — 1S84. Montana Territory Formed from Northeastern Part of Idaho Territory. — Additions Made to Nevada in 1864 and 18G6. n r (hinnJ '-y~ [ \ 1 No. 32. — 1867. Alaska Purchased from Russia fob the mm of {7,200,000. 1004 TE1UJITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. [Septe.m eer, Statistics of States op the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. BANKING STATISTICS. NATIONAL BANKS. TOTAL RE NATION PRIVATE, INGS BAN .OHKCES OF ffTA rES AND TERRITORIES. Number of banks. Capital stock.i Total individual deposit^. 1 Loans and discounts.' Circulation. 1 AND SAV- KS. 1 1SS0 1900 1S80 1900 1890 1900 1S90 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 ri-R- i ^Territory 9 46 2 139 159 19 60 79 25 135 29 3 39 11 7 30 196 110 21 S3 67 21 110 27 24 28 14 1,530 3,315 1,9.48 2 10 1,070 1 317 8,417 17. 950 i 2, 235 61 1 1 . > ! 45,011 4,075 2,694 3,102 13, 360 6,081 4,009 i 12 17,415 41,080 13,451 4,145 4,909 2,869 2,876 50,593 18,441 44, 965 9,134 31,716 5,416 , 302 3,180 256 1,164 13 2, 067 1,517 1,929 546 2, 340 158 3-1 580 262 240 6,915 1,764 ::. 191 717 3, 948 435 327 619 353 7,687 239 78,046 10,342 2 3 • 15,175 6,172 12,012 4,821 23,1 ! Louisiana Minnesota h Dakota.. Oklahoma kota.. I % i ■ T 137,998 302,! 1 1 32,217 103,097 l.; 303 21 , 13 7,864 Total 755 777 9S, 263 SO, 126 210, G09 329,699 269,016 317,563 15, 644 36, 596 746, 903 1,099,111 MSXICAK Cession: New Mexico ... Nevada Utah 2 37 9 2 10 5 38 9 1 10 150 8, 175 975 282 2,060 400 10,998 710 82 1,600 293 2, 301 245 4,442 2,076 433 5,072 204 20 168 I 4,926 1,328 1 351 33 1,188 249 63 301 1ST 3, 858 : 20 930 1,258 262,643 4. 732 1, 320 14, 791 5, 624 387, 583 7,668 2,670 42. 736 Total 00 63 11,912 13, 790 25,517 46,334 28,569 40,189 1,834 5,4-53 284,744 446,281 OREGON: 7 37 51 9 27 31 400 2,875 5,327 3,230 1,398 9,813 14,341 11,782 1,088 11,060 15,106 1,367 7. 573 12,188 93 590 1,065 178 958 936 2,695 23,699 32,992 6,144 . 23,517 Washington 13,216 Total 95 67 8, 702 6,170 25, 582 36, 515 27,254 21,128 1,748 2,072 59,286 72, S77 Texas 189 223 2! ' 227 19, 619 30,450 49, 749 48,814 56,453 3,821 7,177 83,099 103,418 Grand total .. 1,099 1,130 141, 134 119,705 298,158 462, 297 373,653 435,333 23,047 61,298 | 1,174,032 1,721,687 1 In thousands of dollars. 1901. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OE THE UNITED STATES. No. 33. — 186S. Wyoming Territory Formed from Eastern Part of Territory of Idaho. No. 34 1889-1890. Dakota Territory Divided and States of North and South Dakota Admitted (18S9). — Oklahoma Territory Formed (1890) FROM Tart of Indian Territory and Unorganized ] North of Texas. 100(5 TEBKITOBIAL EXPANSION OF THE EXITED STATES. [Sbptembeu, 1901.] Library of Congress Branch Bindery, 1902 bHsbsss LIBRARY OF CONGRESS i^jf^S H^^Bhb Wmmws Isf^Si 5 '^^^^» BkbhS : ' ■•' '' '" ffiHgjK ■■■■. "'•'•••',> :■-;'-