Qomp/ete Semi no 
 Instructions 
 
 Russell 
 

 MAUDE W. RUSSELL 
 
 Inventor Russell System of Garment Cutting 
 
 and Author "Complete Sewing Instructions— The Russell Way' 
 
COMPLETE SEWING 
 INSTRUCTIONS— 
 THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 The Newest, Simplest, and Most 
 
 Perfect Method of Sewing 
 
 Ever Offered Women 
 
 COPYRIGHTED, 1917, By MAUDE W. RUSSELL 
 KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 
 
 All Rights Reserved. Including the Right to 
 Translate Into Any and All Foreign Languages 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE RUSSELL COMPANY 
 
 912 Grand Avenue 
 
 KANSAS CITY, MO. 
 
 I9I7-I918 
 

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COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 J0r^mor& 
 
 N THE YEAR 1904 Maude W. Russell established 
 herself as a dressmaker and ladies' tailor and 
 continued this line of work until 1910. During 
 these years of experience she realized how essen- 
 tial it was to the success of her work to have 
 
 a system of pattern cutting that would simplify the methods 
 
 of dressmaking then in use. 
 
 In 1910 she began to teach dressmaking and then realized 
 more than ever the necessity of having some system of pattern 
 cutting which all could readily understand. With the idea of 
 solving this problem she continued her work and finally brought 
 all of the knowledge and principles which she had acquired from 
 her practical experience into use in perfecting the model of the 
 Maude Russell System of Garment Cutting. 
 
 After much experimenting and careful tests, she perfected 
 this wonderful, adjustable pattern cutting system. This she 
 offered to the public believing that its use would prove a great 
 blessing not only to those who are compelled to earn their liveli- 
 hood by sewing but to every woman who desires to be well dressed 
 at the least possible expenditure of time, trouble and money. 
 
 The Russell System has proved its worth by every practical 
 test made by it and we are pleased to say that the approval 
 which it has received from the public more than justifies the 
 faith of the inventor in the superiority of her System over any 
 other method of pattern cutting. And by placing this book 
 of Complete Sewing Instructions before the people she knows 
 that every woman can make her own clothes. 
 
 THE RUSSELL CO. 
 Kansas City, Mo., 1917 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 An Open Letter to My Friends 
 
 IN ISSUING the new Russell Text Book of Complete Sewing Instruc- 
 tions, it is with the hope that women everj'where will be enabled to over- 
 come the many difficulties with which they have been confronted in mak- 
 ing their own garments. 
 
 The art of dressmaking and tailoring embraces such a vast scope of 
 knowledge that much of it is impracticable for use in the average busy 
 woman's life. For this reason my time and thought have been given to 
 the invention and perfecting of a system simple enough yet so prac- 
 tical that any woman can avail herself of its benefits and easily become 
 her own designer and d)'essmaker. 
 
 The work of making her own dresses, or garments for the other 
 members of the family, is a real pleasure to a woman when she is certain 
 of good results, which can always hd obtained with the Russell Sewing 
 Instructions at her command. A great advantage, too, is to have a Russell 
 Cutting Device in the home so the daughters, even at the age of ten or 
 twelve years, can easily be taught to cut perfect fitting patterns and make 
 theii' own garments. 
 
 The instructions have been mads so plain and the Russell Cutting 
 Device is so easily adjusted to individual measurements that no woman 
 need experience any trouble whatever in gaining a complete knowledge 
 of the work. 
 
 By the use of the text book THE RUSSELL WAY, the woman in the 
 country home can have the same advantages as her city sister and can 
 equip herself to make not only her plain dresses and house gowns, 
 but she can also select and make garments having the same dash, style 
 and individuality as the more costly tailored gowns. 
 
 Should there be any problem in sewing that you do not under- 
 stand I shall be glad to receive a personal letter from you stating 
 your problem, and I will assist you in overcoming such difficulties or 
 answer any question you may ask relative to the work. It is my de- 
 sire to render you all the assistance possible to make your work with the 
 Russell System both a pleasure and a success. 
 
 Believe me to be, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 MAUDE W. RUSSELL, 
 912 Grand Ave. Kansas City, Mo. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Jntrn&ufltnn 
 
 HE caprice of fashion has; long been a favorite subject with 
 the world; for, women have an inherent desire to be 
 beautiful, and dress plays a large part in their appear- 
 ance and attractiveness. French women, as no other in 
 the world, make their toilette their art, and they, alone, 
 seem to adhere to individuality in dress, which is the 
 secret of good dressing. It is not that they are more beautiful — for 
 they are not — but because they study their own limitations, both in style 
 and color, suggesting ideas in detail, with the result that they are artis- 
 tically gowned, beyond the knowledge of the crowd. Their knowledge, 
 too, of how to wear a gown plays no small part in their artistic appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Paris has, for many years, been the acknowledged fashion center of 
 the entire world, the hub of the world's fashion wheel, the mirror before 
 which all art folk and all beauty folk have smiled; but today — Paris has 
 a rival. American women are recognized as being among the best dressed 
 women in the world. 
 
 America means independence and An:ierican women are coming to the 
 realization that individual charm of the face and form may be emphasized 
 and brought out, and many defects in face or figure forgotten, by correct 
 dressing and the wearing of gowns made on becoming lines. 
 
 Good dressmakers are always high-priced and the continual advance 
 in price of "ready-to-wear" makes even that beyond reach of the many. 
 Hence, the great need of some method of instruction that will enable 
 every woman to cut and make her own garments on becoming lines and 
 to her exact measurements. This need has been fully met by the Russell 
 method, which, though simple, is complete in every way. 
 
 It is now possible for every woman to equip herself to make at little 
 cost every article of clothing she wears, for the secrets of the dress- 
 maker's art are hers for the asking. Maude Russell has solved this prob- 
 lem for all women, thus enabling them to have the opportunity to learn 
 dressmaking and ladies' tailoring in the home. 
 
 Her idea of placing the art of cutting and sewing on a scientific basis 
 and making it a part of women's education is rapidly growing in favor, 
 for the reason that it is meeting a long-felt need, never before reached by 
 any method, or by the use of commercial patterns. 
 
 The Maude W. Russell System of Dressmaking and Garment Cut- 
 ting is the only one in the world today that any woman or young girl 
 can easily master. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 A World of Opportunity Awaits Any 
 Woman of Ambition 
 
 lyiAUDE W. RUSSELL has evolved a plan 
 whereby any woman may become proficient 
 in the art of dressmaking. 
 
 Many women do not know how to sew and under 
 the pressure of the high cost of living ai'e in distress 
 of mind as to how they may dress well. 
 
 Do not try to think it out yourself; Maude W. 
 Russell has done this for you. 
 
 AY7HEN a woman learns to sew well, she has acquired a worthy 
 accomplishment, and when she has familiarized herself with 
 all the details contained in this Text Book, she has acquired the 
 whole art of dressmaking. 
 
 In addition to this, when she has learned to cut her own 
 patterns from any design she may select, and to make any gar- 
 ment from the simplest to the most elaborate she may choose, 
 she is then able to do her part to further home economics. 
 
 The Maude Russell Device for Cutting meets this demand, 
 as you can readily operate it within a few hours time. 
 
 You will find picture of Russell Device and some of its 
 advantages on page 92. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Your Benefits 
 
 THE pretty woman is the greatest stimulus in the world. Always her 
 cry of "Give ! Give !" has rung through the earth. Not only the land, 
 but the sea as well, must give to her their treasures. The beasts of the 
 fields, the fowls of the air, the insects and even the wayside blossoms 
 must contribute to her adornment. With all these to help her, woman is 
 not beautiful, if improperly or unbecomingly gowned. 
 
 With the Russell Cutting Device to aid you, and the instructions 
 given through our text books, you are fitted to dress as well as anyone, 
 and in clothes .that are made especially for you. With one of these sys- 
 tems in your own home, where your time is your own, you are not re- 
 sponsible to anyone for the time usedin studying, nor need it interfere with 
 your home or social duties. You can make the clothes you need, when you 
 want them, and be dressed at one-third the cost of ready-to-wear 
 garments. 
 
 American women, who are qualified to lead, refuse to submit to the 
 tyranny of fashion. They go forward and the crowd follows, while sim- 
 plicity dominates. Equipped with the Russell Cutting Device and the 
 knowledge of how to use it, you may become the prettily dressed woman 
 who stimulates the world, as well as the leader of the crowds who will 
 follow your example. 
 
 The art of dressmaking is an enviable accomplishment, and whether 
 you use it in the home, or choose it as a vocation, every woman will ad- 
 mire your cleverness and skill, thus giving you prestige among your 
 friends. 
 
 You will be made to understand that it is not the woman who 
 has the greatest wealth at her command who is the best dressed, for so 
 many such women wear clothes which bear no relation whatever to their 
 individuality. You will learn, also, that no woman is well dressed whose 
 clothes attract such attention that her personality is overshadowed, for, 
 clothes should be the frame to the human picture and second in im- 
 portance. 
 
 You will learn that an old face never looks so old as under a 
 youthful hat, and age is less emphasized by mature looking garments 
 that are still becoming, because they add a sweet charm that is the co- 
 quetry of age, while young girls are charming only when arrayed in sim- 
 ple garments. 
 
 You will have learned all this and have also the added knowledge of 
 how to plan and dress yourself and y our entire family in an individual and 
 becoming manner that makes personality mean more than clothes. 
 
10 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Important Points on Practical 
 Dressmaking 
 
 First — Do not rush while learning to sew, as you are very apt to 
 overlook some of the most important things, as well as to become 
 nervous and impatient. It is natural for you to progress very rapidly 
 after you have familiarized yourself with the details of dressmaking. 
 
 Second — Too much attention cannot be paid to the little points 
 of charm that give to your clothes an air of distinction; for example: 
 fancy pockets, bound buttonholes, ties, jabots, fichus, fancy belts, or 
 even button-trimmings, give smart effects to the ordinary garment. 
 These are the items that make ready-to-wear expensive, as well as 
 permit dressmakers to charge such exorbitant prices for the knowl- 
 edge they claim to possess. 
 
 Descriptions on how to make all the above, as well as a great 
 many more, are contained in this book. 
 
 Third — In the making of the first garment, great care should be 
 given to finishing of inside seams, snaps, hooks and eyes, buttons 
 and buttonholes. By doing this you will never acquire that slovenly 
 habit of having to pin your garments, thereby shortening the wear as 
 well as attractiveness. It is well to keep in mind in the closing of 
 belts and plackets, where there is any pressure on them, you should al- 
 ways use hooks and eyes, or hooks and bars, as the strain unfastens 
 them. 
 
 Fourth — A moment's time devoted to the removing of all bastings, 
 tying and clipping of all threads left by machine stitching, 
 and the placing of knots where they can not be seen, will place you in 
 a position where your work can not be criticized even by experts. 
 
 Fifth — From the most exquisite gown to the plainest underwear, 
 should be pressed before considering the garment finished; every 
 precaution should be used so as not to scorch or spot, and never 
 place an iron on the right side of the material without first having 
 tried a sample to see if it affects the finish. 
 
 Sixth — A good seamstress always cuts the material instead of 
 tearing — also just a moment of time given to the pulling of a thread. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 11 
 
 for a line to cut on will save you a lot of trouble — as torn goods have 
 a tendency to ravel and it is impossible to use with the hemmers, 
 gatherers, and other attachments of your sewing machine. 
 
 Seventh — Before placing your pattern (either a Russell or a commer- 
 cial) see that the material is folded — folded evenly; this is determined 
 by the selvage, stripes or the grain of the material. 
 
 Eighth — Where you have stripes, plaids, or floral designs, too 
 much care cannot be exercised in the matching of them — in some 
 cases it will be necessary to change your pattern ; for instance, you 
 might have to trim one gore of your skirt and add it to the other 
 gore or you might have to raise one gore at the waist line in order to 
 start the matching even, but at the same time it is much better to do 
 this, as the trimming of the gore that extends upward will not affect 
 the garment nearly so much as the unmatched lines. 
 
 Ninth — In the cutting of goods having a nap such as broadcloths, 
 velvets, etc., they should be cut with nap running the same way; for 
 example, where your material is narrow and your gores wide, it will 
 be necessary to cut one at a time — then place the right side of the gore 
 to the right side of the material, taking care that the weave and nap 
 are carefully matched. 
 
 Tenth — To make sewing a real pleasure as well as a great saver 
 of time, you should have a small room or a space in a room, as well as 
 the following equipment : One Maude Russell Cutting Device, which 
 can be adjusted to any size or form, and cuts to individual measure; 
 with it you can select any kind of a picture and duplicate it into a jDer- 
 fect-fitting pattern, thereby giving you clothes that are different 
 from those worn by your friends, and at a verij siikiU cost ; you will 
 also need a few of the following — a good sewing machine, a pair 
 of ten-inch shears, a pair of buttonhole shears, ironing board, 
 also a sleeve board, a bolt of tape, featherbone, hooks and eyes, 
 snaps, pins, bodkin needles, sewing thread, and an assortment of 
 needles. With this outlay you will be enabled to either conduct a 
 dressmaking business, or do any kind of sewing in your home. 
 
12 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Advice on Needles and Thread 
 
 For neat work in sewing it is necesary to have definite ideas as 
 to the sizes of needles and thread to be used in the different varieties 
 of sewing. 
 
 There are several different kinds of needles, of which the follow- 
 ing are the most common and most frequently used: sharps, be- 
 tweens, milHner's, embroidery, and darning or worsted needles. 
 
 Sharps are long, slender needles, used for basting, gathering, 
 darning or any other practical work, while the fine, short needle 
 is used for hemstitching, hemming, felling and overcasting. 
 
 Embroidery needles are different lengths and sizes, have long 
 eyes, and are used according to the size of thread and material. 
 
 Darning needles are similar to embroidery needles, only larger. 
 
 Milliner's needles are very long and are only used in the making 
 of millinery. 
 
 Bodkin needles are long and flat with large eyes and are used for 
 running tape, cords, ribbons, etc. 
 
 A good seamstress should always have a bodkin needle handy, as 
 she will need it frequently while doing fancy or high-class sewing. 
 
 If you should buy a package of needles labeled Nos. 6 to 9 — in the 
 middle you wiU find No. 6, which is used for heavy sewing or for sew- 
 ing on buttons; next on each side comes No. 7 and No. 8, which are 
 used for medium coarse work, such as hemming towels or heavy 
 stitching; on each side at the edge are No. 9, to be used for fine 
 sewing. 
 
 The thread must always correspond with the size of the needle; 
 for example, when doing fine sewing, hemming and tucking for which 
 needles Nos. 9 or 10 should be used, the thread should range in num- 
 ber from 70 to 100, depending upon the fineness of the texture or 
 material; Needle No. 8, for stitching and overcasting, should carry 
 thread No. 50 to 70; for working buttonholes in gingham or other 
 materials of medium weight use needles Nos. 7 and 8 and thread 
 No. 50. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 13 
 
 The length of thread to be used in the beginner's lessons should 
 be at least 20 inches, which will allow sufficient length to pull 
 through the edge of material and tie a knot without tangling. 
 
 Where a loopstitch, tailor's tack, or long basting stitch, is de- 
 sired, would advise a thread 30 inches long. 
 
 Never cut thread, as that causes a square or blunt end and makes 
 it difficult to thread a needle. 
 
 If you would become proficient in your sewing lessons — always 
 remember to use your thimble at the beginning. I would also advise 
 the closed-end thimble for the beginner as it is much easier, though 
 you will find a great many of the best dressmakers and tailors using 
 the open-end kind. 
 
 The first and simplest stitches are those knovm as 
 
 "Basting Stitches" 
 
 which are three in number: First, even basting; second, uneven 
 basting; third, a sort of combination stitch. 
 
 If you want to be a good seamstress, you should make a very 
 careful study of basting; but be careful not to overdo it, as a great 
 many dressmaking schools and dressmakers do — so many of them try 
 to carry out the ideas of the old-fashioned tailors who cannot get 
 away from the lined, boned and tight-fitting garments. Of course, 
 tailoring demands more basting than dressmaking, but one should be 
 careful not to overdo it. 
 
 The Russell Cutting Device of individual measure eliminates a 
 great deal of basting, as the garment is cut to fit the form and does 
 not have to be basted into shape — it also allows all seams, thereby as- 
 suring you of no alterations, and every seam matches so perfectly, 
 each and every part of the garment fits together so nicely, that bast- 
 ing is not necessary. Will add, though, that where basting is neces- 
 sary one cannot give it too much attention. 
 
 Before removing the basting threads be sure that all knots have 
 been removed, as the drawing of them through the material is liable 
 to break the thread of the material, thereby causing holes. 
 
14 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Even Basting — Place the two pieces of materials together, one upon 
 the other, with the edges even, then pin securely so as to prevent 
 slipping or stretching. This is an in-and out stitch and the stitches 
 
 and spaces between are of 
 even length, as per illus- 
 tration given below; both 
 stitches and spaces should 
 be from one-fourth to one- 
 half an inch in length — 
 that is governed accord- 
 ing to the thickness of 
 the material. 
 
 In basting, always place 
 the knot on the right side 
 of the material to be bast- 
 ed, so that basting thread 
 may be easily removed 
 when no longer needed. 
 
 To remove the basting thread from the material cut the thread at 
 short intervals and pull carefully, always removing the knot first. 
 
 Uneven Basting — Place 
 material to be basted to- 
 gether with edges even, 
 then pin securely. This 
 method of basting has 
 one short stitch and one 
 long, alternating as sko n-u 
 i)i the (iccoiii])(n)j/iii(j ilJus- 
 trution; place a knot on 
 the right of upper side 
 of material, and remove 
 basting when no longer 
 needed. 
 
 Combination Basting- — This basting is used when we wish the 
 
 basting to be very se- 
 cure. Proceed by plac- 
 ing and pinning the ma- 
 terials as taught in di- 
 rection for even and un- 
 even basting and follow 
 suggestions 'm the illus- 
 t nit ion — the short stitches 
 should be at left angles 
 to the long stitches; this 
 thread is to be removed in 
 the same manner as that 
 of even and uneven. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 15 
 
 Running Stitch — This stitch is just the same as the even-basting 
 stitch, excei)t as to length. For the running stitch the stitches and 
 spaces between should be of equal length, depending upon the 
 
 fineness of the material upon which you sew. Sizes of needles and 
 thread should correspond with fineness of materials also. 
 
 ^Tlic illnst ration (ibovc will give a correct idea of how your work 
 should look. In the running stitch we use no knot, but instead 
 fasten the beginning of the seam-to-be, also fastening the thread 
 in the same way at the end to prevent ripping. 
 
 Back Stitching- — This stitch is the one our grandmothers em- 
 ployed, which so closely resembled machine stitching and was 
 made in the following manner: 
 
 Use no knot, but fasten the thread in the manner suggested for 
 the running stitch. Take up twice the amount of material on the 
 needle from the wrong side that you wish your stitch length to be, 
 draw needle thru and insert in material at the point of one-half the 
 length of the stitch just taken. 
 
 Again take up and repeat as before — see iUustration above. This 
 stitch is used where it is necessary to have strength and security 
 in the seam. 
 
16 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Overhanding Stitch — This stitch is used when we wish to fas- 
 ten edges of material together in a secured seam. 
 
 Place edges together, pin and baste. This is an over-and- 
 over stitch and is made by inserting the needle from the under 
 side and joassing the thread over the edges of the material to be 
 sewed. If the thread should be of insufficient length to finish the 
 seam, fasten thread by allowing it to run along with the edge un- 
 der the first five or six stitches made by the new thread — see 
 illustration above. 
 
 Overcasting — This is also an over-and-over stitch and is used 
 to prevent materials from raveling at the edge; it is used on the 
 edges of seams to be pressed opsn, or may be used on flat seams 
 
 where tailoring work is desired; place the knot on the wrong side 
 and insert the needle from the under side. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 17 
 
 In appearance this stitch is much like overhanding, but the 
 stitches are longer and farthei- apart. Care should be exercised 
 that stitches be of equal length and distance apart 
 
 This is used mostly in finishing inside seams of heavy wool- 
 ens or crash, and is especially good on materials that show a ten- 
 dency to ravel. 
 
 Blanket Stitch — Like overcasting, it is used for finishing edges 
 or to prevent raveling. These stitches may be of even length or they 
 may be a short and a long stitch alternating; this stitch is some- 
 times called the loopstitch. 
 
 Make a knot in the end of the thread to fasten it and insert 
 the needle the desired length of the stitch from the edge of the ma- 
 terial; next insert the needle on the right side, holding thread with 
 the thumb of left hand so that it will form a loop as shoirn in the 
 ill list nit ion ; to turn a corner, work three stitches from the same place 
 with the middle one running diagonally from the point where the nee- 
 dle was inserted over the corner of material. 
 
18 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Buttonholing is related to the foregoing stitch, but gives a 
 stronger edge than the blanket stitch, even should the stitches be 
 placed as close together as the buttonhole stitches are. 
 
 The Stitcli is shown here on the edge of the canvas, but may be seen below, where 
 the detail of buttonhole making is explained. 
 
 / 
 
 •"'^^llj^ 
 
 X-'-'J 
 
 Fasten the thread at the end by taking a few running stitches, 
 insert the needle from the under side one-eighth of an inch from the 
 edge of the material — hold needle in position with the left thumb and 
 first finger — the thumb on the upper side of material with the nail 
 
 against the needle and the finger under the needle; with the right 
 thumb and first finger take the thread, about two inches from the 
 eye of the needle, and place under the needle point from right to 
 left. Pull the needle through. This looping the thread over the 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 19 
 
 needle forms a knot. Pull knot tight by pulling needle and thread in 
 direct line with the stitch. All stitches should be equal length and 
 thread must be close together. There should be no space and no 
 over-lapping threads. 
 
 Buttonholes — First study the material on which you are mak- 
 ing the buttonholes, and where it is possible to use an inner lining, 
 do so, as it improves the appearance very much, and it is firmer to 
 handle; after the buttonholes have been spaced and cut the exact 
 size, they should be serged all the way around — this is a short, 
 overhand stitch, on some real loose material; would suggest stitch- 
 
 ing around with a sewing machine as it holds it more firmly and 
 is less apt to pull. Thia stitching should not exceed one-eighth of 
 an inch and one-sixteenth is better. 
 
 The serging is done with the overhand stitch, which should 
 be about one-sixteenth of an inch, or if the machine stitching has 
 been done, the ovei'hand stitch should cover the machine stitch. 
 
20 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 The same rule applies to all materials. The strictly tailored but- 
 tonhole has the round opening on front; this has to be made with a 
 buttonhole punch. 
 
 After you have learned to cut and serge the buttonhole, you are 
 now ready to finish. On cotton or linen material use cotton and 
 linen thread, always usint;- coarse thread, No. 40 being the standard 
 size. On woolens and silk material, the silk buttonhole twist is used. 
 
 First make a knot in your thread — using a thread about thirty 
 inches in length, as this will complete the buttonhole without hav- 
 ing to renew thread, which would make a bad looking place in the 
 
 buttonhole. Begin at the 
 rear of the buttonhole by 
 placing your knot be- 
 tween the two materials, 
 and use the regular but- 
 tonhole stitch as shown. 
 
 Great care should be 
 exercised in having your 
 stitches the same length 
 and not to show any ma- 
 terial between stitches, as 
 the closer your stitches 
 are together the neater 
 your buttonhole. After 
 buttonholes have been 
 worked the edges should 
 be felled together and 
 pressed; this is the final 
 finish and should never 
 be neglected. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 21 
 
 Hemming- Muslin — First pull your thread to determine a straight 
 line and then cut the material, turn over one-fourth of an inch 
 to take care of raw edge (this may be reduced to one-eighth on 
 fine material) then turn again the width of hem desired and baste 
 to position, using even basting stitches. 
 
 After the hem has been basted (using the long basting stitch) 
 pull thread from needle without fastening, so as to make it easy 
 to remove basting thread ; then stitch on sewing machine. 
 
 Hand Hemming- — Determine width of hem, turn and baste, fol- 
 lowing same rule as for stitching on machine. 
 
 Now thread your needle with thread to be used for hem and 
 insert between the fold of material; this will place the knot where 
 it cannot be seen from either side of hem — use the hemming stitch, 
 which looks very much like overhanding, but is made by inserting 
 the needle in the opposite manner. 
 
 Care should be taken to prevent the thread from being too 
 noticeable on the right side of material. This result may be secured 
 by inserting the needle under only one or two of the threads of 
 the material before entering the hem edge. 
 
22 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 French Hemming Linen — Turn the hem, following directions given 
 for hemming muslins by hand. Turn the hem back on the right side 
 
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 of material and crease the edge where turned, using fine stitches; 
 overhand together the edges thus formed, turn hem out and press 
 flat. 
 
 Roll Hem — This is used in all fine sheer materials, and especially 
 where laces and insertions are used. Where the roll hem is desired, 
 you should always have the material cut and properly trimmed be- 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 23 
 
 fore starting the work. You should be very careful to roll the 
 hem as small as possible and very even, using the overhand stitch, 
 taking as small stitches as you can in order to take care of the 
 roll h(4n. Where laces and insertions are used, only one stitch is 
 taken to secure the roll hem at the same time. 
 
 Patching 
 
 Patching may be done in several ways. We have the hemmed 
 patch, the darned patch, and patching on flannel. 
 
 Hemmed Patch — Cut the worn or torn place square; then cut patch 
 square, about one inch larger than hole, and match the weave of 
 the two materials. To form the hem square at each corner, the 
 cloth must be cut diagonally from the corner to the depth of one- 
 fourth of an inch, which will give you a sufficient amount to fasten 
 patch underneath. Where stripes, plaids or floral designs are used, 
 great care should be used in the matching. 
 
 While this patch is used principally for wearing apparel, yet 
 it is excellent for bed linens, towels, or any cotton or linen gar- 
 ments that must bear frequent laundering. 
 
 In the patching of good or expensive garments the hemming 
 stitch should always be used, but on coarse, ordinary garments the 
 running stitch is used, as it is a great saver of time. 
 
24 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Patching- on Flannel may be done by cutting out the worn place and 
 inserting a hem patch, but this gives rather a heavy edge to the 
 patch ; so it is better to leave the patch flat and sew around both the 
 inside and the outside with a catch stitch which is described on jiage 
 45 ; this stitch is used also for finishing seams in flannel. 
 
 The Darn Patch is used on table linens, woolen materials and the 
 like. It is best in this style of patching to use a thread of the 
 
 same kind as material, if possible. Any worn place is, as a rule, 
 more easily mended by darning than in any other way and is also 
 less noticeable. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 25 
 
 Cut out a patch of sufficient size, place it and baste securely 
 under worn spot, weave the thread back and forth, using the run- 
 ning stitch, following the weave each way. In this manner the 
 loose worn ends are fastened down — then press well. 
 
 Be careful to not draw the thread too tight, as that gives the 
 entire patch a drawn look. 
 
 Darning Stockings and Underwear. — Either baste the material to a 
 piece of cardboard, or hold securely over some other smooth sur- 
 face. As the garment or stocking is usually worn rather thin 
 around the hole, it is necessary to darn it well back from the open- 
 ing to prevent the strain of new threads tearing a new hole. 
 
 To darn, use the running stitch and cover as much space as 
 seems worn, bringing the thread under and over, alternating each 
 time, as shown in illustrafioii. 
 
 These new threads must not be drawn tight, but must be left 
 loose enough to allow for shrinkage when laundered. 
 
26 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Hemstitching— This is a very pretty finish and 
 may be used on any materials from the finest made 
 to the heaviest of linens or flannels. 
 
 First decide upon the width of hem desired, 
 and pull as many threads as required to make the 
 width you wish the hemstitched open work to be — 
 the space between the edge of the material and the 
 pulled threads should be twice the width of the 
 finished hem. 
 
 Turn the hem to the line formed by pulling the 
 threads and baste; work on the side upon which 
 the hem is turned; fasten the thread by taking a 
 few running stitches from the left to right on the 
 inside of hem turned; hold work over first finger, 
 securing it between thumb and middle finger of the 
 left hand ; holding the needle with point away from 
 you, insert under the number of threads you desire 
 (this may range from two to six, depending upon 
 the fineness of the work wished) and pull through; 
 take a short hemming stitch at the right of this 
 grou]) which serves to fasten the hem down. Sec 
 ill list nifioii (ihoi'C. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 27 
 
 Gathering — The thread for gathering should be 
 double, and the knot at the end should be of suffi- 
 cient size to prevent it from slipping through— you 
 may use an even running or an uneven running 
 stitch. The length of stitches should be governed 
 according to the thickness of the material — but in 
 all cases the finer your stitches the nicer and more 
 even your gathers will be. 
 
 Several stitches should be taken on the needle 
 before it is pulled through the goods; when the 
 material has been gathered to the required length 
 a knot should be placed in the end of the thread 
 after the needle has been removed ; the gathers may 
 then be drawn to the length desired and secured so 
 by wrapping the thread around an inserted pin — 
 
 see I 
 
 Jhist ration nhovc. 
 
 Gathers may be more evenly distributed and 
 more easily held in proper form if two or three 
 gathering threads are used, ranging 
 eighth to one-fourth inch apart. 
 
 from one- 
 
 In gathering ruffles on any straight material 
 would suggest that you use the gather attachment 
 on machine, as it can be easily adjusted and spaced 
 to the amount of fullness desired and is a great 
 saver of time. 
 
28 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Sewing on Lace — Lace is commonly sewed to the edge of the ma- 
 terial. The lace should be placed with the right side facing the 
 right side of the goods, with the edges even. 
 
 
 The stitch used is overhanding. The needle should catch just 
 the edge of the lace and the edge of the material and the stitches 
 should be close together. 
 
 When sewing on lace that is not gathered the lace should 
 be held a little full. This may be done by pushing it slightly with 
 the thumb of the left hand. 
 
 If the lace is to be gathered, it may be done by pulling the 
 heavy thread at the top. Sew on as directed, using a fine, short 
 needle with fine thread. 
 
 Insertions may be put in by overhanding to the rolled or hemmed 
 edges of the material. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 29 
 
 Insertions may be put in by using the overhand stitch. The nicest 
 way is to roll the hem in as small a roll as is possible according to 
 the material you are using (per ilhistrafioti, juific 22); in this way 
 the one overhand stitch takes care of the insertion and roll. 
 
 You should be very careful to hold the insertion a little full 
 when putting on, as lace shrinks more than material, otherwise it 
 will appear drawn when washed. 
 
 In the use of insertion on plain materials or ruffles, where 
 speed is desired, would suggest the use of the hemming attachment 
 on machine; then hold insertion a little full and stitch by machine 
 or overhand as preferred. 
 
 An easier and more rapid way of putting in insertion is to place 
 the right side of the insertion on the right side of the material and 
 baste the insertion to place, carefully basting both edges. Stitch 
 on the sewing machine, being careful to keep about one-sixteenth 
 of an inch in from the edge of the insertion. Now turn to the wrong 
 
30 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 side and cut the material, keeping the line straight half way between 
 stitchings. Turn back and crease. Stitch again with the machine, 
 this time on exact edge of insertion. Trim close to stitching. This 
 
 
 
 ^^^B -:" "'~:''4<^^^[^^^H 
 
 leaves the raw edge of the material on the wrong side, but gives no 
 inconvenience as the double stitching prevents pulling out. 
 
 This method is especially good for muslin and similar mate- 
 rials. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE lUSSELL WAY 
 
 31 
 
 Finishing: Seams — It is necessary that all seam 
 edges should be evenly basted before stitching, as 
 this precludes any possibility of stretching one edge 
 upon the other. Seams may be finished either by 
 hemming, binding, overcasting, notching, felling 
 or French seaming. 
 
 In all silks and satins, would advise using the 
 process called hemming, cy.s- jxr iJhistntfiou (thovc: 
 after seams have been basted and stitched and bast- 
 hig thread removed, then press the seam open, and 
 turn under each of the seam edges about one- 
 fourth of an inch. Fasten with running stitches, 
 exercising care to prevent stretching or pulling of 
 the edges; would advise the use of silk thread in 
 this case. 
 
 Where one is familiar with the sewing machine 
 this can be stitched down very nicely and will 
 save a great deal of time. 
 
32 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Finished Seams With Binding — This is the only 
 satisfactory way of finishing seams that ravel. 
 On linen or cotton goods would advise the regular 
 bias binding that may be purchased in all depart- 
 ment stores, but on fine materials such as vel- 
 vets, serges, etc., you may use any of the follow- 
 ing materials: nets, cliiffous, i-liiua silks, nrfjaud// or 
 iiulici Illicit. 
 
 By using these you will be able to match any 
 color or shade. By referring to page 49 you will 
 see how to cut these materials on the true bias before 
 using. 
 
 These bias strips should be cut from three-quar- 
 ters to one inch in width — that is determined by the 
 thickness of material you are using; then overhand 
 the strips together or stitch them in a flat seam on 
 the machine — being very careful to always place the 
 right side of the bias material to the right side of 
 material of seam ; then stitch one-fourth of an inch, 
 or width of presser foot, and turn bias binding over 
 this seam, allowing the raw edges of bias to extend 
 flat underneath; this is fastened down either by 
 a running stitch, by hand or machine stitching. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 33 
 
 Notching the Seams — This method is sometimes used in heavy ma- 
 terials and those materials so closely woven that there is little dan- 
 ger of raveling edges — broadcloth especially is finished in this man- 
 ner. 
 
 After basting and stitching, and basting threads have been re- 
 moved, hold seam edges together between thumb and finger of left 
 hand and cut V-shape notches as slwnni in the illustration; unless 
 you are familiar with this work, would suggest that you try a sam- 
 ple before attempting to notch the garment, taking great care to not 
 cut too deep, at the same time not using so much space but that one 
 V will extend to the other, leaving a sharp point. 
 
 Where any distance is left between it shows a blunt end, and 
 poor workmanship — small sharp shears are very essential in this 
 work. 
 
34 
 
 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Overcasting- Seams — Press the seam open and trim 
 the edges until they are free from raveling. It is 
 better to alv^ays start from the bottom of a skirt 
 and overcast toward the w^aist line, as this follows 
 the weave of the material, keeping the ends of all 
 materials running downward, making it much easier 
 to do. 
 
 Where you have sleeves and inside waist seams 
 you should also overcast in the same manner, with 
 spaces between stitches of one-fourth inch, and 
 just deep enough to take care of edges; be careful 
 not to draw your stitches tight enough to pull the 
 edge of the seam. 
 
 This method of finishing never causes a streak 
 or worn appearance on the right side of the gar- 
 ment and in washing and pressing does not leave 
 a slick or shiny appearance. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE lUSSELL WAY 35 
 
 Felled Seams — Baste and 
 sew edges together, using 
 standard seam which is 
 three-eighths of an inch. 
 Cut off the seam edge on 
 the left to one-eighth of 
 an inch, turn the other or 
 right edge under, as for 
 hemming and press flat, 
 then use the running 
 stitch or machine stitch- 
 ing, the latter being the 
 one most frequently used 
 — felled seams are used 
 principally in underwear, 
 men's shirts, shirtwaists, 
 etc. 
 
 Reinforced Seams — 
 
 Sometimes where strong 
 seams are needed it is 
 necessary to reinforce the 
 seam by sewing a straight 
 piece of the material in 
 with the seam, this seam 
 should be three-fourths of 
 an inch wide; cut off the 
 edges as directed above 
 and turn in the edge of 
 the added piece as for 
 hemming; baste or press 
 flat and stitch, by hand or 
 machine. 
 
 
 ,- ...^ 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 t 
 
 1 
 
36 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 On light weight materials, 
 
 the edges may be turned under 
 as per Uhistnttio)} ; but on heavy 
 materials, such as linens, and 
 woolens the seams should be 
 left raw, and then finished by 
 overcasting. In coats or jack- 
 ets, where lining is to be used 
 it is not necessary to finish 
 them at all. 
 
 Tailored Seams — These are made 
 by stitching the seams and press- 
 ing them flat, per ill list rat ion. 
 
 Then on the right side of the 
 material stitch any width de- 
 sired, although one-fourth inch is 
 standard and is usually the best. 
 This seam applies only to tai- 
 lored coats and skirts. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 37 
 
 Tailor Tacking, or Loop-Stitching, as it is sometimes called, is used 
 in making slot seams, pleats, or inside marking of any fancy braid- 
 ing or trimming, set-in pocket, etc. 
 
 Placing your two corresponding pieces together, is the only 
 accurate way of getting both sides or pieces alike. Where markings 
 inside of seams are necessary, this stitch should be used, as it 
 avoids mistakes which are often made by the use of crayon or 
 tracing wheel. 
 
 Should you be making a pleated skirt, for instance, or one 
 where pleats or yoke is set in, place the two corresponding pieces 
 together with right sides facing, then place paper pattern on and 
 loop stitch through pattern and material at the same time. You 
 will thus find it very easy to do accurate work and obtain pleasing 
 results. 
 
 This stitch is made by using coarse thread (about No. 40), 
 double your thread, using long strands. It is best not to tie a knot 
 when loop-stitching, as you always leave a loose end extending. 
 
 Now commence by taking the first stitch about one-quarter of 
 an inch and the next one from one to two inches, according to the 
 weight of the material, as the heavier the material the longer the 
 stitch; repeat until you have gone the length desired. Now clip 
 in the center of the long stitches. When goods are pulled apart the 
 threads will remain in each piece of material for marking. 
 
38 COMPLETE SEWING INSTKUCTIONt^THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Slot Seam— This is a seam that never goes out of style, because it 
 is one that is always practical and attractive. It can be used in 
 dresses, coats, skirts, etc., where slot seams are used on skirts; it 
 enables you to make an invisible placket as well as the opening of a 
 waist, either front or back; this is exceptionally good for some 
 styles. 
 
 This seam is made by basting your seams, using the small even 
 basting stitch. The half -inch seam is plenty wide; the standard 
 three-eighth seam is good, unless you want wide slots. After this 
 has been basted and fitted, press seam open, then cut straight piece 
 of material, as wide as your seam is after being pressed open, and 
 baste it flat, using the long basting stitch on both edges, as per illns- 
 frafioii. 
 
 Now press again and stitch from the right side the desired 
 width, as per illiisf ration on foUoiviug jxitic; should you be stitching 
 wider than the presser foot of the machine, would advise the use of 
 the quilter attachment. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 39 
 
 You will find on some materials it is very necessary to stitch 
 downward on each side; in doing this it is impossible to use the 
 quilter on both sides, as it throws the stitching opposite, but on stitch- 
 ing the right hand side of your seam, the quickest and most accurate 
 way to accomplish this is to commence at the bottom of the skirt, 
 using your quilter or presser foot to gauge, but remove thread from 
 the machine needle ; run full length of the seam. This makes a mark 
 to stitch on. 
 
 Now remove your quilter and thread your machine needle, and 
 you can stitch the downward seam without any trouble; when the 
 bastings are removed, that leaves an opening exposing the under- 
 neath strip slightly. 
 
 A great many times this strip is of a different color which 
 makes a very pretty finish. 
 
 Seams may be finished by binding or overcasting. 
 
40 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 French Seams — Place the mate- 
 rials with the wrong sides to- 
 gether, and baste; this will make 
 the seam on the ri</]it side of 
 the goods. Stitch on machine 
 and remove bastings — then trim 
 seam to one-eighth of an inch — 
 and stitch as sliowii in illKstni- 
 tion on right; your seam should 
 never exceed one-fourth of an 
 inch, and in fine materials can 
 be much smaller. 
 
 A great many garments are 
 ruined by sewing too large a 
 seam and though it does not af- 
 fect the fit, large seams are 
 not only bunglesome but show 
 poor workmanship. 
 
 This is an excellent seam 
 finish for any thin sheer ma- 
 terial, as French muslins, lawns, 
 and organdies. 
 
 Where basting is necessary, 
 always remove your basting threads before trimming your seams 
 for second stitching; to remove the bastings afterwards causes 
 goods to fray and makes a rough finish. 
 
 French Knots — Insert needle 
 from wrong side, thus leaving 
 the knot on the under side of 
 work; hold the thread between 
 the thumb and first finger of 
 the left hand and wrap around 
 the needle three or four times, 
 according to size of knot desired, 
 holding the needle against the 
 material where the thread comes 
 through with the right hand; 
 hold the thread firmly with the 
 left hand and insert needle down 
 through the material where it was brought up, tighten knot by pull- 
 ing the thread on the wrong side, bring needle through where next 
 knot is to be made and proceed. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 41 
 
 Chain Stitch — This is a very simple embroidery stitch used in out- 
 lining and trimming. 
 
 Insert needle from under side of material, leaving the knot 
 on the wrong side of material. Hold the thread down with the 
 left thumb to form a loop. Insert needle from right side at the 
 point where it came through and take a stitch toward you, bring- 
 ing the needle through. Release hold on loop and draw to posi- 
 tion. Repeat. 
 
 Cross Stitch — This stitch 
 is used to work out de- 
 signs on canvas and is fre- 
 quently used as trimming 
 for aprons, house dresses 
 and the like that are made 
 of checkered material. 
 
 It may be done with an 
 over-and-over stitch much 
 like overcasting, and com- 
 ing back cross all the first 
 stitches made, or may be done separately a cross at a time as i)i ilJiis- 
 t ration. 
 
42 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Outline Stitch 
 
 —This stitch 
 may be made in 
 any one of the 
 three illustra- 
 ted ways. The 
 thread should 
 have no knot 
 on the end, but 
 should be fas- 
 tened by taking 
 three or four 
 running stitch- 
 es in the oppo- 
 s i t e direction 
 in which the 
 outline is 
 worked. 
 
 These are also known as stemming stitches in embroidery. 
 
 Feather Stitching is used for trimming and finishing and may 
 have any number of feather edges or branches. This is occasion- 
 ally called briar stitch. 
 
 Insert needle 
 from wrong 
 side to place 
 the knot. Hold 
 thread to po- 
 sition with 
 thumb of left 
 hand and take 
 a stitch, allow- 
 ing needle to 
 come over loop. 
 Repeat for the 
 desired number 
 of "briars" and 
 transfer thread 
 to the left to 
 make stem. 
 
 Repeat stitch- 
 es, t r a n s f e r 
 thread to right. 
 
 etc. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 43 
 
 Sewing on Buttons — One reason why buttons come off quickly is that 
 as a usual thing they are sewed too closely to the garment, and when 
 the buttonhole is slipped over them they are strained until the thread 
 becomes worn. The thread should be double and the knot should be 
 placed under the button on the right side of the material. 
 
 If the button has four openings for thread, the thread should 
 be crossed on the under side and not on the button. Many but- 
 tons have grooves showing where thread should go. 
 
 Bring the needle up through the hole in the button and down 
 through the one opposite not diagonal; place a pin across the button 
 under the thread and each time in bringing the thread through 
 sew over the pin. When sewed securely, bring thread to right side 
 of garment under the button and wrap around the thread that 
 holds the button to place several times. Fasten end by sewing back 
 and forth through the stem thus formed. 
 
 f 
 
 Hooks and eyes may be sewed on with an over-and-over stitch, 
 but are held more securely if sewed on as those shoini in the iJJus- 
 frafiou (ihoi-c. This is the common buttonhole stitch or loop-stitch and 
 
44 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSEtL WAY 
 
 it gives a good finish and insures strength. Hooks and eyes as 
 well as buttons should be sewed with cotton or linen thread when 
 possible. 
 
 Sometimes it is necessary to use eyelets made of thread in- 
 stead of the ordinary "eye." Make them by sewing back and 
 forth over a space of one-fourth of an inch long. This produces 
 a loop and should have four or five threads. These threads should 
 now be covered with loop or buttonhole stitches, working from the 
 right side to the left. Crowd these stitches close together and fas- 
 ten thread securely on the wrong side of material when finished. 
 
 Middy Blouses, and similar garments wherein a lacing and cord is 
 used, must have eyelets worked; run a thread in a circle the size the 
 eyelet must be and open to this size with a stiletto or orangewood 
 stick. To give added strength to the eyelet the edge may be button- 
 holed. 
 
 If the eyelet is to be very large, it is well to run in the outline 
 thread and to slash with a shaip knife, or scissors, across the diam- 
 eter of the circle both ways, forming four right angles at center. 
 Open with stiletto, turning corners back on the wrong or under side 
 of the work. Proceed as suggested above. 
 
 Tape to be used for hangers should be sewed on in the following man- 
 ner: Turn under ends of tape one-half inch, place flat on material 
 and pin to position; beginning at the side at the point where the 
 turn-under ends, sew around to same point, using hemming stitch; 
 sew across tape to the beginning point, using back stitching. 
 
 Tape may be sewed to the edge of towels and the like. {See 
 illiistnitiou oil jxif/e 43.) Cut tape required length, turn tape under 
 one-fourth inch at each end. Place ends even, one on each side of 
 the towel, and sew with hemming stitch. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 45 
 
 Blind Stitching is used when it is necessary to put on facings, ar- 
 range plackets, etc., and it is undesirable that the stitches show on 
 either side. This stitch is similar to the stitch used in hemming 
 cottons and muslins, but stitches are neither so large nor so close 
 together. 
 
 Insert the needle between the turn-under and the facing proper. 
 Pull through and take a hemming stitch, but do not let the needle 
 penetrate to the right side of the material; to prevent this, take up 
 only a part of the woven thread. Again insert the needle be- 
 tween turn-over and facing and proceed as shown in illustration. 
 
 This stitch is used in silks, satins, light and heavy weight woolens 
 and velvets. - ■ - s , - 
 
 Catch Stitch — This stitch is used in seam finishings on flannel and is 
 used to stay linings, etc. The work is done from left to right, or 
 
 away from you. The 
 stitches are taken as one 
 running stitch, one stitch 
 at a time. The two rows 
 may bo from one-fourth 
 to one-half inch apart. 
 
 Fasten the thread, then 
 insert needle through the 
 material, with the point 
 toward you. Take up 
 one-eighth of an inch, pull 
 needle through, cross to 
 left and take a stitch one- 
 eighth of an inch Lms;, 
 cross to the right and proceed. The stitches should be correctly 
 spaced so that your work has an even appearance. See illustration. 
 
46 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Belts, Pockets and Fancy Trimmings 
 
 In the making of 
 the above there are 
 three things of great 
 importance which 
 you should pay spe- 
 cial attention to, if 
 you wish to secure 
 satisfactory results : 
 
 First — After deciding 
 on the size and shape, 
 they must be cut on 
 the right weave of 
 the material. For in- 
 stance, if they are to 
 be on the bias, they 
 must be on the true 
 bias, and if there 
 should be two or more 
 of any one of the 
 above, they should be 
 cut just alike and 
 each piece should be 
 cut on the same 
 weave. 
 
 Second — After being carefully basted and stitched, the corners must 
 be cut away by taking a square nick out of the corner, as jxr Hhis- 
 t nit ion; this will give you a perfect point (or turn) and a nice flat 
 edge. Where you are making round collars, ripples, peplums, or 
 fancy set-on pieces, you should take a V-shape notch, an j)cr illus- 
 fnifioji; in this case when the goods are turned over the seam fits 
 together and makes a flat, smooth edge for stitching, or in cases 
 where machine stitchings are not desired it prevents the edge from 
 being heavy. 
 
 Third — After this has all been done and bastings carefully removed, 
 any of the above named pieces should be turned and basted very 
 carefully on the edge of right side of material, and pressed well, as 
 this all demands careful and good pressing. If you will pay close 
 attention to this you will avoid that puckered, drawn look that you 
 often see on ready-to wear, cheap dressmaking and tailoring. These 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 47 
 
 same rules apply to coat lapels and collars, as well as all corners on 
 the lower edges of coats or jackets, and cuffs of any designs. 
 
 On any seam that has to be turned and left inside you will find 
 that pressing wide open before turning will aid you greatly in get- 
 ting a smooth edge, while the material will be much easier to stitch 
 or press. It is a great saving of time to make a small roll or pad 
 and keep for this purpose. 
 
 Tucks may be put in with fine hand sewing or may 
 be made with the tucker attachment on the sew- 
 ing machine. If they are run in by hand the run- 
 
 ning stitch, a very fine one, is used. The tucks 
 must be marked to insure the spaces between be- 
 ing even. 
 
48 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Embroidery Insertion may be put on in the different ways, as fol- 
 lows: Where it has the galloon or hemstitched edge as per illustra- 
 tion, would suggest joining to any material with the overhand stitch; 
 all insertions containing the hemstitched edge usually have some sur- 
 plus materials on outer sides. This you trim away entirely before 
 overhanding. 
 
 Another way is to trim the surplus 
 material on tlie outer sides even and 
 use the French seam, of course revers- 
 ing the seam, placing it on the right 
 side of the material. This forms a tuck, 
 then by placing one or more tucks with 
 this, to form a cluster makes a very 
 pretty finish. 
 
 These tucks are made according to 
 the fineness of your material for under- 
 wear, where using coarse material you 
 can fill the insertion in by using the 
 surplus material on the outer edges. 
 
 For lace insertions always use the 
 roll hem and whip by hand or make a 
 very fine hem by sewing machine, using 
 the small hemmer, then put on by hand 
 or machine stitching. 
 
 For coarse lace insertions use pre- 
 vious illustration. 
 
 Piping, which is used extensively in the trimming of children's 
 dresses, house dresses and aprons, is made by cutting the mate- 
 rial on the true bias; fold the bias strip with edges together and 
 insert between the facings and the garment where the trimming 
 is to be. 
 
 The piped edge should be from one-sixteenth to one-eighth 
 of an inch wide. Sometimes a cord is drawn in the piping; this 
 is called a cord piping and the piping should be wide enough to 
 admit the size cord desired. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 49 
 
 Bias Facings are cut on the bias or 
 diagonal of the material. A true bias 
 is a true diagonal and may be found 
 in any material by turning the straight 
 cross- wise thread parallel with the 
 straight length-wise thread of the ma- 
 terial ; cut on the fold. The facing may 
 be cut any width desired. 
 
50 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Facings may be either shaped or bias. Shaped facings are cut as 
 the garment to be faced is, though they are narrow. 
 
 When an edge, curved as the one in the illustration, is to be 
 faced, it is well to use a shaped facing. 
 
 The seam nmst be slashed, as per illustration above, to admit of 
 the spreading of the edge. Necks, sleeves and all curved edges should 
 be treated in this manner. 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 51 
 
 The Making of Collars, etc. 
 
 Round, square 
 or V-shaped neck 
 should have fitted 
 facings, as well as 
 all the different 
 styles of collars and 
 revers, as per illuti- 
 trations. 
 
 When finishing any shape of necks that require fitted facings, 
 as where yokes are to be set in or put on, it is always better to leave 
 under-arm seams open until this has all been completed. You will not 
 only find this easier to do, but a great time saver. 
 
52 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 On square or 
 V-shaped fitted fac- 
 ings, the corners 
 should be cut diag- 
 onally about one- 
 fourth of an inch, 
 (i.s per iUustration 
 on Square ('olJar. 
 
 This allows your 
 facing to turn un- 
 der without that 
 draw n, puckered 
 look that is often seen in poorly made garments 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 53 
 
 Corset Cover — To cut, lay pattern with center back on a length- 
 wise fold of the material; lay front with center on the straight 
 edge of the material, allow for hem; cut on exact pattern line, 
 
 when using a Russell pattern, as seam allowance has been made. 
 But when using a commercial pattern, strict attention must be 
 given to seams. Hem the fronts, sew shoulder and under-arm seam 
 in French seam, face or bind arm and nock and trim as desired. 
 
54 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 The bottom may be hemmed and a narrow elastic inserted to 
 hold it to position, or the desired edge may be gathered into a 
 band. 
 
 Where fullness is desired in the front of corset cover: after 
 you have hemmed the fronts and placed the two edges together 
 ready for cutting, set your pattern back 21/2 inches on material; 
 this allows five inches in all, but will give a good lap and the ex- 
 act amount of fullness. 
 
 Where band is desired, cut a length-wise strip two inches 
 longer than the waist measure, and two inches wide, turn under 
 one-half inch at each end, sew on the corset cover with the right 
 side of the band to the wrong side of the garment, turn the re- 
 maining edge under one-fourth inch, turn the band down as you 
 would a hem on the right side of the garment; baste and stitch, 
 or put down by hand as desired. 
 
 In the making of fancy corset covers, stitching lace or embroid- 
 ery beading around the lower edge and drawing in to fit waist 
 line with ribbon is especially pretty, and very easily done. 
 
 Underwear of all kinds, including teddy-bears, Princess slips, com- 
 bination suits, petticoats, etc., should be finished with French seams, 
 the neck and arm-eyes should be faced or bound and trimmed 
 with lace or embroidery in any desired manner. Materials used may 
 be crepe de chines, combination silks and linen, linen or fine cot- 
 ton. Instructions for cutting these will be found in the Maude 
 Russell Text-Book on Garment Cutting. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 55 
 
 Drop Shoulder Waist — This style of waist is very popular at this 
 time. The pattern is shown in illustration No. 1, page 25, of 
 Maude Russell Text-Book on Cutting, and the design may be made 
 of any kind of material. 
 
 If the opening is to be made in 
 the front, the front is laid on the 
 straight edge of the material; 
 fold the goods so that both fronts 
 may be cut at once. 
 
 Mark the material with all the 
 markings that appear in the 
 Maude Russell pattern. Also, 
 when using a commercial pat- 
 tern of any kind, as this will aid 
 you greatly in putting same to- 
 gether. The back should be laid 
 with the center back on a length- 
 wise fold of the goods. Always 
 pin the pattern to the material 
 to prevent slipping. Mark the 
 back of material to correspond 
 with the markings on the pat- 
 tern. 
 
 For light weight materials 
 French seams should be used. 
 Run a gathering thread in each 
 of the fronts at the shoulder 
 seam line between markings. 
 This fullness should not be 
 nearer than one and one-half 
 inches to the arm-eye. If the 
 fullness is allowed too close to 
 the arm-eye the waist has a 
 tendency to drag or fall over the 
 shoulder, making it uncomfort- 
 able and unsightly. 
 
 Draw the thread to give the 
 seam the required length and 
 baste the front to the back at 
 shoulder point with the wrong 
 side of the material together. 
 Turn the hem down the front the 
 width allowed for, and baste in 
 the proper place. If the pattern 
 has been cut to the proper meas- 
 urements and the seams taken the proper width, there will be no ques- 
 tion as to fit. 
 
56 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 The waist may be cut long enough to allow for a hem at the 
 bottom or cut off for band; in the former case turn, baste and 
 stitch and insert a narrow rubber to keep waist to position. 
 
 If a band is used, run a strong gathering thread one-fourth of 
 an inch from the bottom of the waist, cut a length-wise strip two 
 inches in width, turn under one-half inch at each end and baste 
 to lower edge of waist, with the ends even with the front hemmed 
 edge; adjust gathers properly, pin at intervals, baste and stitch; 
 turn over edge of strip one-fourth of an inch, turn up on seam just 
 sewed, as for hem; pin, baste and stitch to position. This forms 
 a band three-fourths of an inch in width, with a lap at the front 
 of one inch. 
 
 Any becoming style of collar may be used with this waist. 
 Just one-half the collar pattern is used. Lay the center back on 
 lengthwise fold of the matei'ial The neck line of the collar must 
 correspond with the neck line of the waist. The collar may have 
 a picot outer edge, or may be bound or faced as you desire. 
 
 Pin the collar with center back to center back of waist at 
 neck Hue. Do not stretch the collar, as it fits over the waist and 
 should be held loosely. Pin to position and baste. 
 
 Cut a true bias facing the length required and baste it in 
 with the collar seam. This facing should be one inch in width, 
 but can be narrower, according to the material used. 
 
 Clip or slash the seam as directed for putting on a shaped facing, 
 turn over the edge of bias strip and turn down on waist, basting flat 
 as for hem. Stitch or put down by hand as desired — the latter being 
 the better. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 57 
 
 Butterfly Waist — Pattern directions on page 31 of the Russell Text- 
 Book on Cutting. But this same rule applies to any commercial pat- 
 tern and will aid you greatly in joining seams properly. If front clos- 
 ing is desired, lay the pattern on the material with the center back 
 on a lengthwise fold — allowance must be made for hem at front clos- 
 ing; pin front and back together, folding material so that two meets 
 two, three meets three and one meets one. Any fullness found in 
 sleeve at back should be evenly adjusted, as it prevents the sleeve 
 from straining. Baste and stitch. 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Z 
 
 
 > o 
 
 
 
 
 ^^.^ 
 
 kj 
 
 
 \ 
 
 <fc 
 
 ^~^,.^_^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^^^^-^ 
 
 -^ Q 
 
 In sheer materials the French seam should be used. Use any 
 collar you may wish. Sleeve may have extra fullness taken up in 
 a dart, as shown in flic ilhisl ration, or gathered into a cuff. 
 
 Collars may be made in any plain or fancy design. Care must 
 be taken that the neck of waist and neck of collar shall correspond 
 in size and shaping. The outer edge of the collar may be picoted, 
 faced, bound or trimmed with braiding or lace edging. 
 
 This pattern is used as the foundation for waists with the 
 large arm-eyes, for raglan lines, and in many instances for fancy 
 blouses of different stvles. It is finished around waist same as 
 drop-shoulder waist. The finishing of all waists is the same. 
 
58 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Plain Two-Piece Sleeve— Measure up from hand the number of 
 inches necessary to locate the elbow point, on the outside seam of 
 under-arm section; see iUiistration. 
 
 Place a mark two inches above and one two inches below the 
 elbow point, pin upper and lower sleeve sections together for in- 
 side seam, beginning at the top; pin outside seam edges together, 
 beginning at the top and pinning down to first mark above elbow 
 point, then commence at the hand or lower part of the sleeve, and 
 pin upward to first mark; that will give you a distance of four 
 inches, which provides for the entire curve of the elbow. On woolen 
 materials this should be taken out by shrinking (shrinking is done 
 by dampening fullness or gathers, and placing a heavy cloth over 
 same and using a hot iron parallel to gathers) the same method be- 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 59 
 
 ing used in shaping top of sleeve for arm-eye; in silks or wash 
 materials, where two-piece sleeves are desired, the fullness is taken, 
 care of by very fine gathers for this same distance. This space 
 is properly regulated by the Maude Russell System, but this same 
 rule applies to commercial patterns. 
 
 Putting in Sleeves — One of the most important things found in 
 dressmaking and tailoring is making of sleeves and properly 
 adjusting same. Since having previously learned all the details in 
 the making of sleeves, it is now necessary to know how to put them 
 in properly. 
 
 The following rule applies to all sizes and styles: 
 
 Place the front seam of sleeve to the proper place of arm-eye 
 in front of waist; this is found in all sizes by commencing at the 
 under-arm seam and extending forward to the first turn upward. 
 Now place your front seam of sleeve, then pin upward within four 
 inches of shoulder seam; now pin backward all the way around 
 within two inches of the shoulder seam at the back of the waist; 
 hold all gathers or fullness between these two markings — always 
 keeping in mind that the fullness in front of shoulder seam should 
 be twice as much as in back. On extremely large arm-eyes the 
 gathers or fullness may be placed a greater distance than specified 
 to give comfort at arm-eyes. 
 
60 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Making- of Girdles— A skirt cut by the Russell System will always fit 
 perfectly at the waist and hips, but to retain its shape depends en- 
 tirely upon the way in which you finish and mount same. 
 
 No. 2 
 
 No. 1 
 
 A properly made girdle is a great aid in both 
 the fit and comfort of your skirt, and one made 
 in the following manner will never fail to give 
 entire satisfaction. For wool or silk, take linen 
 crash or canvas; for any colored material, would 
 suggest the linen color; in delicate colors or white 
 would suggest white; for wash materials take 
 Indian-head muslin or plain linen, (would advise 
 either white or linen color in this case, as it will 
 not fade in washing). 
 
 Use one-third or one-half yard, according to 
 width, for large waists; you will have to piece it 
 once, but by stitching the selvages together, as 
 it will naturally come in cutting true bias, it 
 does not affect the wear or appearance. 
 
 Now fold it on the true bias, r^s• pn- iIJi(stra- 
 fioii for cutting true bias, and cut about two 
 inches larger than your natural waist around, 
 and about four inches in width — for extremely 
 high waist lines you may cut wider; now crease 
 this through the center and stitch a piece of 
 straight tape, or if you should not have handy the 
 straight tape you may use a straight piece of 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RITSSELL WAY 61 
 
 muslin one inch wide, turned 
 under on both edges; this se- 
 cures your waist line from 
 stretching ; take f eatherbone 
 and cut it in the same lengths 
 your girdle is in width, stitch 
 it five inches apart, full length 
 of girdle; the better way is to 
 start at center of girdle, ex- 
 tending within five or six 
 inches of the end {sec ilhts- 
 trafion No. 1), then place the 
 girdle around your waist, and 
 pin tight; that shapes it and 
 fits it; mark where your pins 
 are placed and cut off any 
 surplus goods, now stitch 
 featherbone to each edge of 
 this after you have turned 
 the edges back covering raw 
 seams with featherbone at 
 openings. {Sec illiisfrdfioii Xo. 
 2.) 
 
 You will find on all feather- 
 bone that there is a soft edge 
 allowed for the stitching 
 down with the machine; take 
 bias tape or thin material cut 
 on a true bias and bind both 
 edges, exercising great care 
 not to draw the edges, as that 
 will make it tight; sew hooks 
 and round eyes and allow them 
 to extend out the distance of 
 the eye, which makes it very 
 easy to hook. (»SV<" iJhist ration 
 Xo. 3.) 
 
 ^":•■/•^^' 
 
 \o. :5 
 
 No. 4 
 
62 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELI- WAY 
 
 Mounting Skirts — To mount the skirt, should you not want a belt, turn 
 the top of skirt under and put it down by hand ; where heading is de- 
 sired make it any width that is becoming, according to prevailing style, 
 and stitch to top of girdle, then put skirt down by hand, covering 
 seam where heading has been stitched. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 63 
 
 Where belt is to be used in any width, first stitch skirt to 
 girdle with raw seam, have the belt completely finished and pressed, 
 baste to the girdle, covering the seam on right side, then put it down 
 by hand, using the feather-stitch on wrong side and blind stitch on the 
 right side; see illustrations below. 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 IH 
 
 r 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 .__ 
 
 
 "" - ^. — J 
 
 i 
 
 ; 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 For fancy gowns you may usa silk or ribbon, by taking small 
 darts at waist line and stitching featherbone over them. This 
 gives a very pretty inside finish but should not be as tight as the 
 bias-fitted girdles. 
 
 Use this girdle for all one-piece dresses, and your dress will 
 wear much better and have the appearance of first-class workman- 
 ship. {See ilh(stnilio)i on jhujc 64.) 
 
64 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 When a dress has been cut by the Russell System and mounted 
 on the Russell girdle, it will always hold the shape and lines when 
 either sitting or standing. Another great advantage is, the skirt 
 will not wrinkle when sitting or form wrinkles like a skirt cut 
 to standard measure or by commercial patterns. Sec ilhiHtration. 
 above. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 65 
 
 One-Piece Dresses, By using the Russell Girdle in any one-piece 
 dress, from a plain house dress to the most exquisite gown, you will 
 find three great advantages: 
 
 1st. It gives more comfort to the wearer, as well as prevents 
 slipping and pulling out of shape, especially at the arm-eyes and 
 under the arms, where one-piece dresses have a tendency to always 
 pull out of shape. 
 
 2nd. The girdle protects all the strain on the dress regardless 
 of the weight of material, thereby giving twice the service usually 
 obtained in dresses not fitted with girdles or ready-to-wear. 
 
 3rd. It gives a beautiful waist line finish — the girdle takes care 
 of all raw seams on the wrong side of the dress, and by using any of 
 the following outside finishing: belts, plain, either wide or narrow, 
 crushed or pleated, beaded or draped girdle effects, you will have a 
 pretty and substantial finish on the right side. This will aid espe- 
 cially the stout figures in obtaining a neat and stylish waist line. 
 
 Making Skirts — The most important thing in 
 skirt making is to have good lines and in order to 
 get these, the goods must be cut on the right 
 grain, or "on the right weave" as some would say. 
 
 You can always feel that you are right and 
 that you will get good lines if you use the Russell 
 Cutting Device, as it cuts to ])erfect lines and elimi- 
 nates the worry of hanging the skirt, and watching 
 the weaves. It puts every style to your individual 
 measurement, marking the exact length for hem as 
 well as allowing all seams; but in using commercial 
 patterns great care must be exercised as they are cut 
 to standard measurements and it depends entirely 
 upon your knowledge of placing them on the ma- 
 terial as to what the results will be. 
 
 In sewing up skirts be very careful to get the 
 correct gores together. This can be done by num- 
 bering them as you cut, being sure to place corre- 
 sponding numbers before basting or stitching. By 
 following instructions on pages 66 and 67 you will 
 eliminate all difficulty in getting seams together 
 properly. Baste the edges, taking care neither to 
 stretch or full either edge. 
 
66 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Cutting Skirts — When cutting skirts by the Russell System, or any 
 commercial pattern, on skirts from three-piece to seven gores, you will 
 find giving a gradual slope of four inches on the side and back gores 
 you will have a perfect line as well as the right grain of material 
 and both seams will be almost on the same weave. This is determined 
 
 
 C3 
 
 
 St 
 
 Si3 
 
 O 
 
 -K. 
 *0 
 
 by marking the exact length you wish skirt to be and placing that 
 point on the straight or selvage of the material, then mark four inches 
 back at top of pattern and cut on the straight line as per iUusf ra- 
 tion above. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRliCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 67 
 
 This should also be followed on petticoats, or Princess slips, to 
 prevent sagging when laundered. Front gore should always be cut on 
 fold of the material. 
 
 
 5j 
 
 I 
 
 
 Is. 
 
 
 
 On seven gores and upward to the extent of fifteen gores the 
 slope of two and one-half inches is sufficient; same is determined 
 by following the same rule given for three to seven-gore skirts. 
 
68 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 In the cutting of materials by the Russell Cut- 
 ting Device the goods are always cut so the seams 
 when finished will be almost on the same grain 
 of the material; then when sewed and pressed the 
 seam will hardly be noticeable — also when wash- 
 ing, ironing, or cleaning it will never sag on one side 
 of the seam and pull and pucker on the other. If 
 you are forced to use a commercial pattern, try and 
 select a style that will not give you one straight edge 
 and one bias. 
 
 There are few skirts where we find the seams 
 very bias over the hips — these are two-piece with 
 seams on the hips. Although you will find in most 
 three and four-piece skirts that they have bias seams 
 over the hips, all others have the seams running 
 very much the same. 
 
 Where you have the bias seams, sew them very 
 carefully, press well and then hang up for a short 
 time in order to let the skirt sag before putting the 
 hem in and you will not be bothered with an uneven 
 hem afterwards. 
 
 The three-piece skirts are good for petticoats, 
 as the seam in back allows for sitting and keeps 
 the skirt from wearing. 
 
 Full details on how to finish seam on all kinds 
 of materials will be found on pages 31 to 34; would 
 suggest that you make a thorough study of the 
 kind you wish to use, before starting the garment. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 69 
 
 Hemming of Skirts — Nothing adds more to the attractiveness of a 
 skirt or dress than an even, well-finished hem. This can be accom- 
 plished very easily if the Russell Cutting Device is used, as it 
 properly marks in and allows the standard three-inch hem, thereby 
 eliminating all the worry of trying to get the hem even. 
 
 But if you wish to use a standard or commercial pattern I 
 would suggest that you do as follows: After the skirt has been 
 properly finished and pressed, put it on and adjust to girdle as you will 
 wear it, take a straight ruler and mark as many inches from floor, 
 according to the prevailing style and the length that will look 
 best on a figure of your height. 
 
 For marking, either crayon or pins may be used. After this 
 has been done, baste with a long basting stitch along lines of 
 marking, press the hem in and mark three and one-fourth inches 
 and trim even. As the skirt is wider at the bottom than at the place 
 where turn is made, you will hai^e some surplus material; the seam 
 of hem should correspond exactly with seam of skirt and all full- 
 ness must be placed between. This extra fullness in all silks, wash- 
 goods, and satins can be taken care of by small pleats, or fine 
 gathers. 
 
 lIcMLMII'll 1)V Hillld 
 
70 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Shrinking Fullness of Hems — In woolen materials it should be shrunk 
 out by running fine gathers and placing damp cloth and pressing par- 
 allel with gathers. 
 
 .Stiluhi'il by Mai-hinc 
 
 In materials where it is necessary to put the hem in by hand 
 would suggest the use of the overhand or the catch stitch, being 
 very careful not to allow the thread to show on the right side of 
 material — the catch stitch being the better one for heavy materials 
 and velvet; where machine stitching is used for hems, would sug- 
 gest stitching on the wrong side and very close to the edge of turn- 
 under. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 71 
 
 On any heavy materials where machine stitching is desired, the 
 ribbon or tape finish is exceedingly good. This is done in the follow- 
 ing manner: 
 
 The tape or ribbons should be about three-eighths of an inch 
 in width, and never to exceed one-half inch in width; after having 
 your hem trimmed even, gathered, pleated, or shrunken, to fit skirt, 
 place a piece of cardboard between hem and skirt; now baste your 
 tape or ribbon to the hem edge, then baste to the skirt and stitch; 
 this gives you two rows of stitches, but where one row is desired, 
 you should stitch tape or ribbon to the hem before stitching to skirt. 
 
 Exercise great care in prossaig, as a well-pressed garment al- 
 ways adds much to its attractiveness. 
 
 Silks, satins, and most light weight cottons and linens should 
 be pressed with a hot iron, but no water should be used on the gar- 
 ment until you have tried a sample, determining if the water will 
 affect the finish or spot the material. 
 
 Seams in velvet may be pressed by the process called steaming 
 — place a n:oist cloth over the edge of the hot iron and pull the 
 wrong side of the open seam over until dry, this keeps the pile 
 raised and does not mar the lustre; pan velvets may be pressed 
 as silks, satins, etc. 
 
72 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Making of Plackets is 
 
 highly important, and by 
 adhering strictly to the fol- 
 lowing rule, you will al- 
 ways have a smooth well- 
 finished placket. The 
 placket should be twelve 
 inches in depth (for me- 
 dium hip size, which ranges 
 from forty to forty-six 
 and over. Where hip meas- 
 ure is under forty, use 
 eleven inches for placket). 
 
 After the skirt has been 
 fitted, take off and stitch 
 the seams, except seam 
 where placket is to be; this 
 you stitch within twelve 
 inches (or eleven, which- 
 ever you may use), then tie 
 machine thread; now baste, 
 starting even with machine 
 stitching to the waist line, 
 press all seams flat — 
 pressing the basted seam 
 as well as the stitched 
 ones; this establishes an 
 exact line for the placket, 
 pull out the basting thread 
 to open the placket — care- 
 ful attention should be paid 
 to the pulling of bastings 
 as given elsewhere in this 
 book. 
 
 Basted for jirc.ssing to mark exact line 
 for placket. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 73 
 
 Cut a straight piece of the material two and one-half inches wide, 
 and a fraction longer than placket is to be; this is to be the binding 
 
 for the left or under 
 edge of the placket; baste 
 to the placket edge, plac- 
 ing the right side of the 
 strip to the right side of 
 the skirt, and stitch. Be 
 sure that your basting and 
 stitching comes exactly on 
 the crease made by former 
 pressing, press seam open, 
 turn the edge of the strip 
 under one-fourth an inch, 
 turn the new edge over to 
 meet the stitching line, us- 
 ing overhand-stitch for fin- 
 ishing. 
 
 For the right or upper 
 edge cut a strip one and 
 one-half inches wide and 
 the length of placket, baste 
 and stitch it to upper side 
 of placket edge with right 
 sides together; care should 
 be taken here to follow 
 crease made by pressing; 
 remove basting threads 
 and press open, turn edge 
 or facing down one-fourth 
 inch, turn facing on the 
 line of stitching and baste 
 to position, fasten to place 
 by careful blind-stitching 
 and press; finish at the 
 lower end by catch-stitch- 
 ing the binding to the fac- 
 ing, on the wrong side, 
 overcasting ends to keep 
 them from raveling. 
 
74 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 This is a standard rule for plackets, but on very thin materials, 
 where plackets show 
 through, it can be much nar- 
 rower, if care is given to fas- 
 tening. 
 
 Fastening for Plackets— 
 
 The snaps are more suit- 
 able, as they are flat, but 
 in the using of any kind of 
 fastenings the weight of 
 material should be given 
 careful consideration, so 
 as not to use a heavy fas- 
 tener on thin material or 
 a very small fastener on 
 heavy material; hooks may 
 be used very satisfactorily, 
 where you have the flat 
 bars to use with them. 
 
 If you wish to secure a 
 smooth tight-fitting plack- 
 et, too much attention can- 
 not be given to the proper 
 spacing of any fasteners 
 used; should you have them 
 a little farther apart on 
 the lap of placket than 
 binding, your placket will 
 draw, throwing the whole 
 seam out of order; should 
 you have them a little 
 farther apart on outer edge 
 of placket than binding, the 
 goods will stand open be- 
 tween fasteners and expose 
 very poor workmanship. 
 
 Also be very careful that 
 your thread used for fas- 
 teners never shows on the 
 outside of placket. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 75 
 
 Shrinking of Materials — All wash goods should be properly shrunk- 
 en before cutting, as so many beautiful garments are ruined because 
 they were not shrunken before the making. 
 
 Where this is done by home method great care should be 
 taken not to pull or stretch the weave of material. The best way 
 is to have a reliable laundry do this, as it will only cost about 
 one cent per yard. 
 
 In the buying of woolens you should always be sure to ask if 
 they have already been shrunken. If not, before cutting them have 
 same properly shrunken, as this will avoid future trouble and insure 
 from spotting by water. 
 
 If done at home use a damp cloth over the wrong side — being 
 very careful to cover all the material and press dry. Most stores 
 have a machine for this purpose for the convenience of customers — 
 but if not, would advise that you take it to some reputable tailor, 
 as the charge will be very small, and will probably save you the 
 cost of the material. 
 
 Plaits are very popular but most of us dread the pressing incident 
 to damp days and general wear. However, this may be overcome in 
 a large measure if the under or inside edges of the plaits are 
 stitched on the machine about one-sixteenth of an inch from the 
 edge. This gives the plait the appearance of having been freshly 
 pressed and is of great aid in pressing, as every plait falls easily 
 to its proper crease. 
 
 This is an excellent way to treat the plaits in little girls' tub 
 frocks and may be done on the right side edge as well as the wrong 
 side, if a very fine cotton thread of the same color as the gar- 
 ment be used for the stitching. The stitching must be very close 
 to the edge of the plait. 
 
 Plaits put in by the Russell method will not require the stitch- 
 ing, as they have been propely placed on the grain of the material 
 and will not sag or get out of place. 
 
76 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Pocket in Coat Lining — A well-made coat should never be fin- 
 ished without an inside pocket, which may be put where most con- 
 venient to the wearer. It is made in the lining; first cut a strip 
 of material two inches wide either straight or bias, fold in the 
 center and press flat; the ends should be sewed and turned, or 
 turned in and whipped very carefully together. Now pleat in 
 small pleats not to exceed one-half inch. Have your pleating to 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 77 
 
 be at least five inches in length and not to exceed six inches. Baste 
 pleating on the lining exactly where the pocket is to be and now 
 take two pieces of materials — would suggest same as lining, hav- 
 ing them about one-half inch wider than pleating is — baste one 
 piece with corresponding edges of pleating, with about one-half 
 inch seam; the other piece should be basted just opposite, with 
 edges meeting; stitch with sewing machine, on both edges, just 
 the width of pleating, then slash between. 
 
78 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Have your pleating 
 extend downward for 
 first basting on the 
 coat, and then when 
 slash and turn is 
 made, it turns the 
 pleating upward as 
 per iUustratioti. Now 
 turn both pieces for 
 pocket lining through 
 
 this slash, and stitch 
 any shape desired un- 
 derneath; the round 
 finish is better. Press 
 nicely and finish each 
 corner with an arrow- 
 head, or straight bar, 
 made with buttonhole 
 twist. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 79 
 
 Coat Pocket With 
 Flap — For making 
 flaps, cut a piece of 
 material six inches 
 long by three and one- 
 half inches wide, then 
 sew a seam one- 
 fourth inch wide, 
 turn, baste close and 
 
 press, then stitch 
 down one-fourth inch 
 from the edge — take 
 another piece six and 
 one-half inches long 
 by two and o n e- 
 fourth inches wide, 
 baste this with your 
 
80 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 flap on the right side 
 of coat and stitch one- 
 fourth inch and the 
 length of flap, tie 
 your thread on the 
 wrong side and cut 
 your material be- 
 tween stitching, turn 
 your lower facing in 
 and baste firmly with 
 one-eighth inch ex- 
 tending; turn your 
 flaps down and baste 
 at upper edge, then 
 press with a damp 
 cloth on the wrong 
 side of coat, sew your 
 pocket lining in place 
 and finish pocket on 
 wrong side. 
 
 The top or bust 
 pocket is made in the 
 same manner, only 
 flap is five and one- 
 
 :^: Jt OBff wj ii .^> ^-v, , 
 
 half inches long and 
 two inches wide and 
 reversed, the flap is 
 sewed on the lower 
 side of pocket and 
 turned up — the ends 
 being blind stitched 
 in place. The wrong 
 side for bust pockets 
 with flap or without 
 are stitched in the 
 same manner as iUus- 
 tration shown for 
 pockets with flaps. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 81 
 
 Pockets Without Flaps — 
 
 Cut two striijs of materi- 
 al six and one-half inches 
 long and two inches wide, 
 baste into position and 
 stitch one-fourth inch 
 
 from edge and within one- 
 half inch from ends, cut 
 materia] and turn, baste 
 firmly with one-eighth 
 inch of facing extending, 
 then overcast edges to- 
 
82 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 gether, press firmly and 
 proceed to make pocket 
 on the other side. 
 
 Bound buttonholes are 
 made in a similar way — 
 
 the ends being fastened 
 with an arrow-head or a 
 straight bar. The secret 
 of making pockets and 
 buttonholes lies in the 
 pressing. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 8.? 
 
 Coatmaking 
 
 Place the pattern for front section with the center front on the 
 lengthwise edge of the material. As in all other cutting, the cloth 
 should be doubled and both front sections cut at once, being very care- 
 ful to place the straight edges of the goods together, seeing that the 
 grain of the material is placed exactly the same the nap (when using 
 material with nap) extending downwards. 
 
 The front side body is placed on the goods with the straight line 
 of the material running parallel with the center of the section. Pin 
 pattern to the material to prevent slipping and cut. 
 
 Place the center back section with center back on the lengthwise 
 fold of the material, and cut; the back side body should be placed 
 the same as the front side body, seeing that the straight line of the 
 material runs parallel with the c enter of section. 
 
 Should you be using the Maud Russell Cutting Device keep in 
 mind that you only have three-eighths of an inch seam allowance, 
 which is standard; should you want more you will have to make 
 your own allowance. It is well to always know the size seam the 
 pattern allows before starting to make the coat. 
 
 The above pertains only to the outer part of the coat or to the 
 coat without lining; but on strictly tailored coat, where a lining is 
 required, the following suggestions should be adhered to very closely. 
 
 Cut the fronts and front side body from tailor's canvas. The can- 
 vas should first be shrunken. Side front of canvas should be cut to 
 extend only about two or three inches down, on the under-arm seam, 
 and should be sloped gradually toward the front seam, extending 
 two inches below the waist line — po' iUustraUoyi next pctcje. 
 
84 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Now baste your 
 coat together, and 
 try it on — then if 
 there are any de- 
 sired changes to be 
 made, they should 
 be made in this fit- 
 ting (should you be 
 making a tight fit- 
 ting coat some care 
 should be given for 
 the allowance for 
 the lining) ; care- 
 fully remove your 
 bastings and cut 
 your canvas and lin- 
 ing — t he lining 
 should be cut ex- 
 actly as the coat 
 with the exception 
 of the front which 
 extends back on the 
 facing of the coat — 
 a saving of material 
 can be made here by 
 a little study. 
 
 Sew your front 
 and side body of 
 coat together, also 
 the corresponding 
 pieces of canvas — 
 seams to be pressed 
 in accordance with 
 style. For instance 
 if a tailored coat is 
 being made, the 
 strictly tailored 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 85 
 
 seam should be 
 used, (IS per ill iisf ra- 
 tio)! on tailored 
 seams, always hav- 
 ing the seam extend 
 toward t h e a r m - 
 eyes, both fro m 
 back and front. If 
 the coat is to be soft 
 finish, the same 
 should be pressed 
 flat. In the making 
 of all coats an d 
 jackets, the seams 
 should be slashed. 
 
 If the coat is to 
 have pockets, lay 
 the coat fronts to- 
 g e t h e r, matching 
 them very care- 
 fully, and mark the 
 desired places for 
 pockets with chalk; 
 then tailor tack as 
 per ill Ksf ration, on 
 making tailor tacks 
 or loop-stitching. 
 
 Any style pocket 
 may be used, ac- 
 cording to prevail- 
 ing style, full de- 
 tails being given for 
 pocket making i n 
 this book. After 
 pockets are finished, 
 press and baste 
 
86 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 your coat to canvas, 
 being very careful 
 to not have any 
 wrinkles either in 
 canvas or material. 
 If bust forms are 
 used they should be 
 pressed into shape 
 and inserted at this 
 time, before p r o - 
 ceeding any farther 
 with the coat. 
 
 Half of CoUar 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 87 
 
 Basting and Pressing 
 
 Two Things of Great Importance in Tailoring are Basting and 
 Pressing. Now the front of coat and lapel should be made. Com- 
 mence by trimming one-half inch from edge of coat front, baste 
 your stay- tape (or straight edge) on and fell it to canvas. Mark 
 your lapel where turn is desired and pad, using padding-stitch 
 — the padding-stitch is made by keeping the thread on canvas 
 and just catching enough to hold, without exposing the thread on 
 the outside of the material. 
 
 Stitch back of coat and canvas the same as the front and baste 
 shoulder seams — the front seam should be stretched on to the back of 
 coat one-half inch (as every one is inclined to be slightly sunken on 
 front shoulder seam and round on the back of shoulder seam.) Stitch 
 on the machine, remove bastings and press. 
 
 By stitching on both sides of seam the width of presser foot 
 makes a pretty and substantial seam. Now stitch under-arm seam, 
 slash and press. 
 
 The collar should be made next, and is done by cutting your 
 canvas exactly the same and trimming all the way around three- 
 eighths of an inch, as per illustration; now stitch on the sew- 
 ing machine as per illustration for the break collar, and pad the re- 
 mainder of collar as lapel. Sew into position and press. 
 
 A good suggestion is to determine the center of collar and 
 center back of coat and place two corresponding notches together 
 and baste outward; this insures both sides being even. 
 
 Next, determine where you wish the buttonholes to be and space 
 them, cut canvas out as per ?7/«.s'frf///oH and fell a piece of hning over 
 canvas to work buttonhole through, as per illustration on buttonhole 
 work. 
 
88 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Sew your front facing and collar facing in place, the facing 
 to the right side of the coat side, being very careful to baste 
 even ; stitch on sewing machine and remove bastings ; now trim half 
 of remaining seam of coat front away, turn, baste around edge 
 of collar and coat firmly with two rows of basting, then 
 press ((-s per iUastratio}i on jrressiwj of irooJcn nidlcridh. 
 
 Turn coat even around bottom with hem about one inch and fell to 
 the coat and press. Baste your lining in the coat after making a 
 neat pocket as per illustration on inside coat pockets — page 76. 
 
 Seams of lining should be slashed the same as coat and basted 
 very carefully, leaving it a fraction looser than outside of material; 
 this allows the lining to wear longer and gives a better appear- 
 ance to the garment; fell all seams, using a fine, short needle 
 and a fine silk thread, taking evj'ry precaution to not let stitches 
 catch the coat material — short, ev3n stitches should always be taken 
 in the felling of coat linings. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 89 
 
 After you have cut and 
 basted your sleeve, try it 
 on (unless you are using 
 the Russell system, in 
 which case it is not neces- 
 sary, as the sleeve has 
 been cut to your individ- 
 ual measure). The sleeve 
 lining should be cut one 
 inch longer at the top 
 than coat material, which 
 allows for finishing at the 
 arm-eyes. 
 
 After sleeve is made 
 and properly shaped at 
 elbow and arm-eye, a piece 
 of canvas about one inch 
 wide and cut on the bias 
 should be basted within 
 one inch of the bottom of 
 the sleeve ; fasten securely 
 at seams, then turn ma- 
 terial back on canvas, 
 baste and press, and fell 
 to the sleeve; have lining 
 made for sleeves, with 
 seams slashed and pressed; 
 turn coat sleeve wrong 
 side out, slip lining on 
 with right side out and 
 fell within about three- 
 quarters of an inch to the 
 bottom of the sleeve. 
 Keep in mind that your 
 lining is to be one inch 
 longer at top than sleeve. 
 
 This shows inside seams 
 ami facing, canvased 
 ready for lining. 
 
90 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Now sew sleeve into 
 coat as per instructions on 
 page 59, taking the coat 
 lining in the seam, press 
 seam open, baste small roll 
 of sheet wadding or pad- 
 ding to the seam at the 
 shoulder; this should be 
 about five inches long, 
 extending mostly over the 
 front; bring sleeve lining 
 over to cover seam, baste 
 and fell the extra inch; 
 leaving the lining loose 
 gives extra wear. 
 
 Now try coat on, after 
 it has been properly 
 pressed with a damp cloth, 
 and mark for buttons, fin- 
 ish buttonholes, and sew 
 on buttons, being very 
 careful not to let the 
 thread show through 
 where buttons are to be 
 sewed. 
 
 Top of sleeve, finished 
 ready for lining. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 91 
 
 The same rule previous- 
 ly given for the adjusting 
 of sleeves at arm-eyes, ap- 
 plies to all makes and 
 styles of sleeves. After 
 you have learned to finish 
 the tv\^o-piece sleeves, as 
 well as all details given for 
 fancy effects in this text- 
 book, you will be able to 
 complete any kind of a 
 sleeve desired. You should 
 put on all buttons, trim- 
 mings, bound buttonholes, 
 fancy cuff sets, as well as 
 finish at hand before lin- 
 ing. This same rule ap- 
 plies to all one and two- 
 piece and fancy sleeves. 
 
 Top of sleeve, finished 
 and lined, ready for arm- 
 eye. 
 
92 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 The Maude W. Russell System of 
 Garment Cutting 
 
 (PATENTED) 
 
 This system does away with all the old-time 
 work of drafting and study of making your own 
 allowances, which no one can successfully do with- 
 out natural talent, or years of drafting. 
 
 It contains the whole art of drafting within it- 
 self. Should you lay it aside for years, the simplicity 
 of it will readily come back to you, and it has all the 
 new and up-to-date lines and style of this date. The 
 superiority of this wonderful invention will offer 
 its own suggestions for styles in years to come. 
 
 THE RUSSELL COMPANY 
 
 912 Grand Avenue Kansas City, Mo. 
 
COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 93 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Portrait of Maude W. Russell _ 2 
 
 Foreword 5 
 
 An Open Letter - 6 
 
 Introduction — 7 
 
 Woman's Opportunity — 8 
 
 Woman's Benefits - - 9 
 
 Important Points on Practical Dressmaking 10-11 
 
 Advice on Needles and Thread 12-13 
 
 Stitches— ( With Illustrations) 14-22, 41-45 
 
 Even Basting- 14 
 
 Uneven Basting '. 14 
 
 Combination Basting _ 14 
 
 Loop Stitching - 37 
 
 Chain Stitch 41 
 
 Cross Stitch 41 
 
 Feather Stitching - 42 
 
 Blind Stitch 45 
 
 Catch Stitch 45 
 
 Running Stitch 15 
 
 Back Stitching 15 
 
 Overhanding Stitch 16 
 
 Overcasting Stitch 16 
 
 Blanket Stitch - 17 
 
 Buttonholing .18-20 
 
 Hemming Muslin 21 
 
 Hand Hemming Linen 21 
 
 French Hemming Linen _ 22 
 
 Roll Hem _ 22 
 
 Patching (With Illustrations) 23-25 
 
 Hemmed Patch _ 23 
 
 Patching on Flannel _ - 24 
 
 The Darned Patch - 24 
 
 DaiTiing — Table Linen, Stockings, Underwear 25 
 
 Hemstitching — Illustrated 26 
 
 Gathering — Illustrated - - 27 
 
 Sewing on Lace — Illustrated — 28 
 
 Insertion Work — Illustrated - 29-30 
 
94 COMPLETE SEWING INSTRUCTIONS— THE RUSSELL WAY 
 
 Making Seams — Illustrated 31-40 
 
 Finishing Seams 31 
 
 Finish ing Seams with Binding _ - 32 
 
 Notching Seams - 33 
 
 Overcasting Seams 34 
 
 Felled Seams 35 
 
 Reinforced Seams _ 35 
 
 Tailored Seams 36-37 
 
 Slot Seams 38-39 
 
 French Seams and Knots _ 40 
 
 Belts, Pockets and Fancy Trimmings — Illustrated _....46-50 
 
 Tucks 47 
 
 Embroidery Insertions 48 
 
 Piping 48 
 
 Bias Facings - 49 
 
 Fi tted Facing 49 
 
 Making Collars, Etc. — Illustrated _ 51-52 
 
 Corset Cover — Illustrated .— 53-54 
 
 Underwear _ - 54 
 
 Waists—Ilhisfrated - 55-57 
 
 Drop Shoulder Waist 55-56 
 
 Butterfly Waist 57 
 
 Sleeves— Illustrated - 58-59, 89-91 
 
 Waist Sleeves - 58-59 
 
 Coat Sleeves .: 89-91 
 
 Girdles — Illustrated _ 60-65 
 
 Mounting Skirt on Girdle _ - 62 
 
 Maude W. Russell Girdle -- 63-65 
 
 Skirts,— Illustrated 65-75 
 
 Cutting Skirts - :....66-68 
 
 Hemming Skirts 69 
 
 Shrinking Fullness of Hems 70 
 
 Finishing and Pressing - 71 
 
 Making Plackets 72-73 
 
 Fastening Plackets ..■ '^4 
 
 Shrinking Materials 75 
 
 Plaits .: - 75 
 
 Coatmaking — Illustrated - 76-86 
 
 Cutting Coats _ -....- 83-86 
 
 Pocket in Coat Lining 76-79 
 
 Pocket with Flap : - 79-80 
 
 Pocket Without Flap 81 
 
 Basting and Pressing - .87-88 
 
 Maude W. Russell System of Garment Cutting 92 
 
LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 liiillliiillililiill 
 014 145 159 5 
 
 THE RUSSELL SYSTEM 
 does away with all the 
 old-time work of draft- 
 ing and study of making 
 your own allowances, which no 
 one can successfully do without 
 natural talent, or years of draft- 
 ing. It contains the whole art 
 of drafting within itself. Should 
 you lay it aside for years, the 
 simplicity of it will readily come 
 back to you and it has all the 
 new and up-to-date lines and 
 style of this date. The superior- 
 ity of this wonderful invention 
 will offer its own suggestions for 
 styles in the years to come.