Collec© of California Articles of Agreement of the Honiesteao Association • San Francisco 1865 Class, Book. LU'qz^ SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT / 'vflji-^ COLLEQE 4 -^r,^'^. i in,Hi*aMo, aiuAweoft tauwTV. \RTICLES OF AGREEMENT, TOGETHER WITH ]M^PS ^ND REPORTS. ORGANIZED, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864. €^, ^ SAN FRANCISCO: ^ PRINTED BY TOWXE & BACON, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS -^r^s > ,' ^qiiIgehomIstem) CALIFORNIA 6 s 1 1. , 6 \ S 8 7 6 8 7 « J 1 j Y^-j -- J, - „_ i ' - ~ I ^ 3 « 1 1 1 ' s 3 h- 1 Z 3 * 1 2 i *■ arc 6' t S 3 t 2 3 * I 7 6 I J 12 3 \ h . /,f//r //////fU////(f //off/n/i/f // I sn/rrOAf i ci/r/ioc' ,.--/. D crlWioTiS- J^ci/Kct? COLLEGE OF CALIFORNIA. AEIICLES OF AGREEMENT OF THE " 'homestead ASSOCIATION: TOGETHER WITH B Y THE ENGINEEK. AND A SERrES OF COLLEOE PA^I^ERS, S. H. WILLEY, COLLEGE OF CALIFORKIA. J-uft.lSTTJ-A.Pl'S' 16, 1865. •5 SAN FRANCISCO: PBINTED BY TOWNE AND BACON, 1865. \ •-:; Xj % b Mlt^t ^0mt^tmA §mtmt\0\x. OFFICERS. President. WILLIAM SHERMAN. Secretary. T. B. BiaELOW. Treasurer. W. C. RALSTON. Trustees. WILLIAM SHERMAN, Rev. E. B. WALSWORTH, JOHN W. DWINELLE, CYRUS PALMER, L. B. BENCHLEY, IRA P. RANKIN, T. B. BIGELOW. MUp §\mt^UU ^mmtm. ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION. State of California, "> Citj and County of San Francisco. ) This indenture made and entered into this, the first day of Septem- ber, A.D, 1864, witnesseth : That whereas, the undersigned, being de- sirous of securing the benefits that may be derived from an act of the Legislature of said State above named, entitled " An Act to authorize the formation of Corporations to provide the members thereof with Homesteads, or lots of land, suitable for Homesteads," approved May the 20th, 1801 ; and the acts amendatory thereof, and supplementary thereto ; and having filed our certificate of incorporation, pursuant to said act, in the ofiice of the County Clerk, in and for the City and County of San Francisco, have formed, and by these presents do form, ourselves into a Joint Stock Company, or Association. And to enable said company or association to accomplish the object for which it is created, we, the undersigned, do each for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, covenant, promise, and agree to and with all other subscribers hereto, their and each of their heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, and to and with the College Homestead Association hereinafter named, by these presents do covenant, promise, and agree as follows, to wit : First. We agree that this corporation shall be called and known as the " College Homestead Association." Second. The place of business, or office, of this association shall be in the City and County of San Francisco. Third. The capital stock of this association shall be the sum of sixty-two thousand five hundred dollars, divided into one hundred and twenty-five shares, of five hundred dollars each. Fourth. This corporation shall continue in existence for the term of five years, from and after the filing of the certificate as above stated. Fifth. Each person taking a share or shares of stock in this Asso- ciation, shall sign this indenture, and pay into the treasury the sum of five dollars on each share as an initiation fee, to form a fund for defray- ing the current expenses of this Association, and twenty-five dollars per month payable monthly in advance, on the t"wenty-fifth of each month — commencing on August 25th, 1864 — in gold coin of the United States of America, and for each and every month thereafter, until the sum of five hundred dollars is fully paid upon each and every share so taken and subscribed for, and shall hold said share or shares subject to all the conditions and provisions herein contained. And should any person subscribe to the capital stock after the expiration of the first month of the existence hereof, he shall pay the same rate for whatever time may have expired previous thereto. In addition also for the pay- ments provided for above, the trustees are at liberty at any time before the distribution of lots among the members of the Association, to lay an additional assessment not to exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars on each share of stock, the amount of such assessment to be expended by the trustees in grading streets, setting out trees, or otherwise im- proving the public grounds conveyed to the Association. Sixth. Certificates of stock, transferable by indorsement, shall be issued to the owners, or subscribers of shares — the said certificates to express upon their face, that the stock is held subject to all installments and assessments, and any number of shares not exceeding five may be included in one certificate ; and in the election of ofiicers, and all busi- ness that may be transacted at the regular meetings of the Association, each share of stock represented shall be entitled to one vote ; and stockholders may be represented at such meeting by written proxy, provided that no person other than a member shall be allowed to hold the same. Seventh. If, pursuant to the provisions of an act entitled " An Act to authorize the formation of Corporations to provide the members thereof with Homesteads, or lots of land suitable for Homesteads," approved May 20th, 1861, and of the act amendatory thereof, and supplementary thereto, approved April 4th, 1864, the Board of Trustees of said Homestead Association shall declare the share or shares of any member forfeited, for the nonpayment of any assessments or install- ments due thereon, then, in that case, the notice of the sale thereof may be published in some daily newspaper published in the City and 9 County of San Francisco. And it is expressly understood that the interest such member may have in the Homestead Fund, and in all lands and improvements, or other property held in common, by the Association, shall follow said share, and with the share be placed to the credit of the person making the purchase ; and the number of shares held by a member, shall be no bar to a purchase at such sale. All moneys received from the sale of shares as thus provided, in excess of the amount due upon the same to the Association and the expenses of advertising and sale, shall be paid to the party entitled to receive them, upon his or her tendering for cancellation the original certificate of stock held by him or her. The certificate of the Secretary that any notice has been served upon the stockholder, shall be prima facie evi- dence of such service, and of the time thereof. Such service may be made through the Post Office at San Francisco. The entries made by the Secretary in the books of the Society, shall be prima facie evi- dence of the matters to which they relate in any controversy between the society, or any of its officers, and any members. Eighth. The lands to be distributed to the members of this Associa- tion are a portion of a tract, belonging to the College of California, in the township of Oakland, contiguous to the College site ; which said lands the trustees of said corporation have agreed to convey to this Association, upon certain conditions, as set forth in an indenture made and entered into between said trustees and the trustees of said Associ- ation, bearing date September 1st, 1864 ; and all shares in this Asso- ciation are subscribed for and held subject, in all respects, to the terms and provisions of said indenture, which, in all its particulars, is hereby ratified and confirmed. Ninth. The officers of this Association shall be a President, who shall be chosen by the Trustees, from their own number ; a Secretary and Treasurer; and said Board of Trustees shall consist of seven members, who shall hold stock in their own names, and who shall be chosen by the stockholders, by ballot, at the regular annual meeting, which shall be held on the first Monday in December of each and every year, and hold office for one year, or until their successors may be chosen. The duties of the aforesaid named officers shall be the usual duties attached to their offices respectively. A majority of the Board of Trustees shall form a quorum for the transaction of business. Vacancies in the Board shall be filled for the remainder of the term by the remaining Trustees. 10 All expenditures shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees ; but current incidental expenses may be paid by the Presi- dent and Secretary in anticipation of such approval. Tenth. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive all moneys of the Association. The sums received for initiation fees, as provided in Article 5th, he shall hold as a fund to meet contingent expenses, until otherwise disposed of, by order of the Trustees ; and the sums received from time to time in payment for shares shall be immediately paid over to the Trustees of the College of California, proper vouchers being taken for the same, in accordance with the terms of the indenture referred to in Article 8th. The Secretary shall keep regular books showing all the proceedings the receipts and disbursements of the Association, which said books shall at all times be open to the inspection of stockholders. Eleventh. Stockholders' meetings shall be held on special notice, whenever deemed necessary by a majority of the Board of Trustees, or whenever requested by fifty stockholders in writing. Twelfth. In all cases where notices are required by these articles or by the indenture herein referred to, the afiidavit of the printer or publisher of the newspaper in which the notice is published, or of his principal clerk, or of the Secretary of the Association, made before a Notary Public, and certified by him, shall be prima facie evidence of the pu')lication and service of each notice, if therein stated to have been made as required by these articles or said indenture in the respec- tive matter. Thirteenth. These Articles of Association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the Association by a majority vote of all the shares, in any particulars not conflicting with the terms of the indenture hereinbefore referred to. And for value received, each of the undersigned does hereby sev- erally covenant and agree with the said " College Homestead Associa- tion," that he will subscribe, and by these presents does subscribe for stock in the said Association, and for a share and shares therein, to the number and amount which are evidenced by his subscription hereto, subject to the terms and conditions of these Articles, and of the said indenture in these Articles referred to and made a part hereof, and will pay the said assessments, installments, and deposits, and each and every of them as the same may become due and payable in the prem- ises, in current gold coin of the United States of America. WATER REPORT. To the Trustees of the College of California : Gentlemen — In g^cordance with the instructions of the Vice Pres- ident of the College, I have made examination of the location of the grounds of the College of California and adjacent lands, with particular respect to their supplying, either by natural springs or by concentration of surface drainage, a sufficient quantity of water for the prospective wants of the College, and for such dwellings as may from time to time be erected upon that portion of the grounds offered for sale. I examined the grounds early in October of this year, and upon the twenty-sixth of same month reexamined the springs, and with the assist- ance of your Engineer, Mr. Whitcher, measured their flow accurately.* For the various springs the results were as follows, the numbers re- ferring to the accompanying sketch : No. 1 (a) 4,130 U. S. gallons in twenty-four hours. No. 2 709 " " No. 3 798 " " No. 4 253 " " No. 5 1,187 " " No. 6 709 " " No. 7 4,130 " " Total flow College land springs . . 1 1,916 " " No. 1 (b) 2,700 " " No. 8 461 " " No. 9 297 " " No. l{b) is No. 1 measured near outlet. No. 8 and No. 9 go to make up No. 7. * The measurement was made by taking the flow over weirs of the form used by Mr. Francis, of Lowell, Mass., and calculation was made by his formula. See "Lowell Hydraulic Experiments," Art. 158, p. 119. 12 In addition to the springs upon the lands of the College, the College has control also of certain springs lying in the main ravine, north of their lands, known as the Heywood Springs. These were measured by ]VIr. Whitcher, and the flow calculated by me, give as follows : (measurement made Nov. 6, 1864.) Most northerly 30,381 U. S. gallons in twenty-four hours. Most southerly 29,031 " '\ The stream passing to the south, which could be taken in on the way 31,860 " " Total flow Heywood Springs 91,271 " " I am led as a result of my examinations to the following conclusions 1. That the flow of the springs of your own lands, at the time they were measured, which, in view of the two past dry seasons, may be re- garded as a minimum which may be never again reached, is sufiicient for the ordinary household uses of four hundred persons, (allowing nearly thirty gallons per day per inhabitant ;) and that in ordinary sea- sons it would supply three or four times that number. 2. That by damming up the main ravine above the milk ranch, thus husbanding the winter flow of the streams for use in summer, a farther quantity of water may be secured, equal to the reasonable uses of eight to ten thousand persons, in average years, and two thousand five hun- dred to three thousand persons in dry years. 3. That the supply may be still further increased by damming across the main ravine, below the milk ranch, and bringing in the water so collected by a separate system to a reservoir at the College, should it ever be required by extraordinary increase in the demand. 4. That the " Heywood " Springs, lying at a much greater distance from the proposed site of the College buildings than the springs of your own lands, can, like the surface drainage of the main ravine, be held in reserve for the increasing wants of the Institution, to be brought in by an independent system, at some future time, their capacity being nearly or quite equal to all the other soui'ces of water available to you. 5. That in view of the above, the first water supply for the College grounds should be taken fi'om the springs on your own lands, conduct- ing the flow of all (excepting No. 1) into a central collecting reservoir, near the milk ranch, located on the favorable gently sloping ground there. 13 The concentration will be effected by small cast iron pipes. A larger pipe will run from this collecting reservoir (receiving on its way a branch pipe from spring No. 1) to a point on the rising ground near the College, at an elevation from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet higher than the proposed base of the buildings. There a reservoir should be constructed in earth work, lined with brick and cement, and containing not less than 100,000 gallons of water, and connected by a pipe, not less than six inches diameter, directly with the buildings and immediately contiguous grounds of the colleges, with branch pipes for fire hydrants, and smaller pipes for all the interior and exterior uses of the establishment. As the wants of the college increase, a dam should be thrown across the ravine near the milk ranch, but higher than the collecting reser- voir, above-mentioned, and the water therein impounded used to re- plenish the first constructed reservoir as needed. The dam should be so built, with broad base, as to admit of an in- crease in height as the dejpand for water increases. The adoption of this plan will render it unnecessary to expend upon the works, at first, more capital that its immediate wants demand, and will yet allow additions, which, thoroughly made as required, will not during their construction interrupt the efficiency of work already com- pleted ; and when finished will give you a complete system of sup- ply, adequate to all your wants for at least the present century. Respectfully submitted. C. W. BOYNTON, Civil Engineer. San Francisco, Dec. 22d, 1864 COLLEGE PAPERS By S. H. WILLEY. Paper No. I. WHERE A COLLEGE SHOULD BE LOCATED. It is a matter of the highest importance that a College should be rightly locatetl. It is one of the choicest and most costly possessions of the State, and therefore it should be situated in the midst of the very best natural advantages which the State affords. This matter should be well considered in the beginning. A mistake in locating such an institution cannot be remedied. Where it is put, where its permanent buildings are erected, where public sympathy is first drawn to it, there is its home, and there it must remain. All succeeding gen- erations will enjoy the advantage of a wise selection in this particular, or, if the choice is unfortunate, they will never cease to regret it. Its students, especially, and those immediately connected with it, must suffer the loss, down to the latest years. And in this particular State, the matter of the location of such an institution, is of more importance to its value and usefulness than it would be in other States. On the Atlantic slope, the climate of one portion of a State is essen- tially the climate of the whole. In this State, the distance of only a few miles often separates climates widely different. Here, there is the amplest room for choice, and to overlook this fact now, would be to lay the foundation for unavailing regret hereafter. And this leads to the remark that the first thing to be considered in fixing the location of a College, should be Climate. The very best, the most healthful and invigorating should be sought. It should be that in which there is the utmost freedom for open-air exercise, the whole year round, where mental exertion is at no time hindered by extreme heat. With us, it is obvious at once, that such a climate would be sought in vain within the limits of our interior valleys or plains. If any higher mountain region fulfills the requisite conditions of climate, it must be open to the objection of remoteness, and be ruled 16 out on that ground. The search must be confined practically, there- fore to the coast, and the spot must be found somewhere within its evenly-tempered air. And here, also, several important considerations should guide the choice. The first is the force of the summer wind. During the long months of our dry season, the cold currents come sweeping from the ocean daily. They cool the whole air. But there are spots where those currents blow with great violence. There the country is much of the time bleak and dreary. Shade and ornamental trees cannot be grown. Delicate fruits and flowers are blighted. Out-of-door life cannot, in the windy periods of the day, be enjoyed. There is not much pleasure in sauntering through one's grounds, though there may be much that is beautiful about them, if you must be wrapped in win- ter shawl or overcoat, in order to be comfortable. Green grass and flowers, and foliage wet with jets of refreshing water playing upon them, are all very attractive, but if the wind is daily blowing a gale, while the sky is overcast with clouds and fogs, they hardly bring you out of doors. There is no need of being guilty of the unpardonable error of put- ting an institution of learning into the midst of perpetual disadvantages like these. Seek further. These cold wind-currents do not extend a great way. They are broken by the natural configuration of the coun- try, or they are lifted off by the lofty elevations of the coast range of mountains. Search till you find a sheltered region, where the sun shines warm and cheering, where the trees, all standing erect and sym- metrical, bear a silent, but sure testimony to the absence of the wind- current. There you may plant and rear what you will, the vine, the fig, the pomegranite, and even the orange, together wiih the hardier fruits of colder regions. There you may surround yourself with per- petual verdure and ever-blooming flowers, and be able at all hours of the day to be in the open air, among them, without discomfort from the temperature. Morning and evening alike, you may enjoy the fruit of your cultivation, and your children may do the same without fear of coughs and colds. It will be shown more and more by experience that such locations are to be found along the western base of the coast range, and at an elevation of one or two hundred feet above the level of the bay. It is not so well understood now, but the experience of many who have tried different locations of residence proves it, and in a very few years it will come to be generally acknowledged. It is a • subject well worthy of ' 17 attention. Where shall I build me a country residence ? is a practical question with many now, and it soon will be with multitudes. It is a great thing to know where the healthful qualities of our ocean breezes can be enjoyed without experiencing their chilling currents, or their accompanying fogs. Such locations can be found, as above indicated, and the time is not far distant when they will be held in very high esteem. Such a spot should be chosen as the location of a College, where air, pure, abun- dant and temperate, will give vigor to the body, and consequent clear- ness and elasticity to the mind. The next thing to be considered in choosing the place for the College, should be accessibleness. It should be near the great city, and yet not in it. It should be near enough to enjoy its advantages without being subject to its disturbance, or exposed to easy contact with its vices. The advantages of a city are its libraries, its works of art, its scientific and literary lectures, its larger society of refined and culti- vated people. Something of the spirit and life of a city may be im- bibed with advantage by students while they are pursuing the studies of College. These advantages may be enjoyed by placing a College near to the city, without incurring the disadvantages of being in it. These disadvantages are such that all past experience in our country is against placing Colleges in cities. They should be avoided by locat- ing such an institution in retirement, while at the same time it should be in close contact with the living world, and near the center of the great traveled thoroughfares of the country. Furthermore, a College should be situated in the midst of choice SCENERY. It is of far greater importance than is usually thought, amidst what scenery a scholar passes the four impressible years of his College life. The influence of home-scenery upon the minds and characters of children is conceded to be great, and so especially is that which surrounds them in the place of their education. During no period of life can this delicate and ennobling influence be secured with more advantage than in years of College life. It is a period when all such influences are especially influential, and to overlook them would be unpardonable. Let the College be placed in the midst of scenery extensive and beautiful, and if possible, even grand. Put the CoUeoe where nature in its forms of grandeur and scenes of beauty conspire to enlarge the mind and refine the taste of the scholar, and the result will be salutary throughout all time. In a climate like ours, a College ought, also if possible, to enjoy the B 18 advantage of a flowing stream of water. Good wells may be a substi- tute where the water is elevated and distributed by artificial means, but in the long run this involves great trouble and expense, while at the same time the supply is necessarily limited. On the other hand, a running stream, though at some seasons it may be small, is of priceless value. It is fortunate if its sources are situated at such an elevation that enough pressure may be had at the place of distribution to throw it in jets, freely about buildings and grounds, whenever it is wanted. By this means perpetual verdure may be enjoyed all the year, dust may be avoided in streets and about buildings, water may be distributed throughout all apartments where it is wanted, and almost complete secu- rity may be enjoyed against fire, all that is disagreeable in our dry season may be avoided, and grass, flowers, trees and fruits may be thriving perpetually. Eden would not have been paradise without its rivers, nor can there be a landscape of perpetual beauty without the presence of flowing water. These, certainly, are some of the leading considerations that should be had preeminently in view, in deciding upon the location of a College in this State. Paper No. II. LOCATION OF THE COLLEGE OE CALIFORNIA. The Trustees of the College of California have, ever since their incorporation, taken a deep interest in the question of the permanent location of the Institution. They early set on foot extensive explora- tions, and made thorough search before fixing upon the spot. No small part of the years 1856 and 1857 were given to the work. By com- mittees and otherwise, they examined the choicest localities around the bay of San Francisco. They visited San Jose, San Jose Mission, Sufiiole Talley, the most attractive spots along the bayward slope of the coast range up to Martinez. They looked carefully around Beni- cia, examined thoroughly Napa Valley, also Sonoma valley, and Peia- luma. They found many situations of great beauty and choice ad- vantages. But after examining and comparing all, the spot combining the greatest number of excellencies, was the one a few miles north-west of the City of Oakland. The number of fine points found here is re- markable. It is conspicuous, lying right in view of the Golden Gate. Built there, the College will be one of the first objects to greet the voyager coming to our shores. The spot is elevated, rising from two to three hundred feet above the level of th^ bay, terminating eastward 19 in the hills that constitute the western wall of the coast range. Seen from the bay as you enter the harbor, as you cross the ferries, or as you pass northward toward Benicia, it stands out prominent and dis- tinguishable from the surrounding country. But the view which you get from the ground itself is unsurpassed in extent, variety and beauty. Looking thence, the eye rests, first upon the plain below, divided into cultivated fields and gardens, and adorned with pleasant homes. Southward lie the forests of living green, the oaks of Oakland and Ala- meda. Far northward and southward stretches the beautiful Bay of San Francisco, famous among all the waters of the world. There are ships coming in from their long voyages, which fold their white wings and drop anchor ; others pass them, spreading sail for long months of ocean life, bound to India, China, or the Pacific Islands, or perhaps New York or Liverpool. Others ride at anchor in the stream ; there to-day, gone to-morrow ; while the smaller craft glide hither and thither in every direction. Now comes a great ocean steamship, with passengers, freight, and mails, twenty-three days from New York, while another passes out, bound to Oregon, loaded to its utmost capacity with adventurers and goods for Idaho. Another comes in with treas- ure from Mexico and Lower California, followed perhaps, by another still, from Los Angeles and the ports of our own lower coast. There are the ferry boats, all the time threading their way to and from San Francisco, delivering their freight and passengers to the railway trains awaiting, when lo ! the trains are off, darting swiftly through the val- ley. There, too, in the afternoon, go the river boats, palaces of luxury, bound up the country, freighted with the great trade of the interior. Across the bay, and looking down upon it from the opposite side, is the City of San Francisco, the metropolis of the West, soon to be one of the great cities of the world. Yonder is Alcatraz, right in front of the Golden Gate, bristling with guns, keeping guard at the great har- bor's entrance. Beyond all, rises that peninsular mountain range, the seeming defense of our bay and country from the encroachments of the Pacific. The view begins far to the left, southward near New Alma- den. The mountain horizon line sweeps up past Santa Clara, San Mateo, and behind San Francisco, declining as it nears the Golden Gate, and breaking there, introduces that choice and rare feature in a landscape, an ocean horizon. There the sun goes down in his glory, and the silent stars sink beneath the wave. Y'onder, far out at sea, you get a glimpse of the Farallones Islands. Tracing the horizon line northward still, you find it rise abruptly to the lofty bights of old Ta- malpais, a grand and imposing feature in the view, and passing with a 20 varied and broken mountain outline behind our rich northern valleys, cut off by the projections of the nearer hills on the right. Such a number and variety of objects of interest can be found grouped in no other landscape in this vicinity, and is rarely to be met with in any country. So testify many gentlemen of extensive travel, both home and foreign, who have visited the place. And what is more, the desirable excellencies of climate are found here, in an eminent de- gree. This fine scenery can be enjoyed in a temperature not less ex- cellent. The chilling winds of summer do not reach this spot. The cold ocean currents pass in other directions. They sweep up the bay, and down the bay, sometimes tracing their cold courses by the banks of fog which they bear along with them, but they leave the vicinity we are speaking of with a calm, temperate, bracing air. This may seem unaccountable to many, and hardly to be believed, but the fact is obvious to all who visit the grounds in summer. So also testify those who have lived near for years. Just here, they all assure us, the air is calm and agreeable, when the wind is agitating the bay, and whirling the dust in clouds through the streets of San Francisco. To the same fact of absence of wind, the trees in the vicinity, standing as they do, erect, and symmetrical, bear a testimony that cannot be doubt- ed. So much can hardly be said of any other spot within fifty miles of San Francisco. This exemption from wind is not experienced as you pass far either way from these grounds. It is only there, or near there, that, owing to the configuration of the hills in the rear, or some other cause, this protection from the summer ocean wind is enjoyed. The surface of these grounds is diversified, the general slope being westward toward the bay ; but the whole is undulating, broken into gentle elevations and corresponding depressions, finely adapted to the proper grouping of the necessary buildings that will be ultimately re- quired by the College. The soil is fertile, producing well under any fair cultivation, but is yet gravelly to the extent that it does not dissolve into adhesive mud under the rains of winter. Through these grounds runs the winding course of a stream of water. The stream flows freely the whole way during the wet season. Its sources are in the hills, where they flow the year through. Even in October, of this dryest of dry years, 1864, they were yielding, by actual measurement, over one hundred thousand gallons a day. But this supply of water, ample as it will be for years to come, can be increased whenever there is a demand for more. According to the Engineer's report, the watershed pouring its tribute of winter rains into our ra- 21 vines, is eo extensive, that by constructing a dam, which can be easily built, a hundred millions of gallons of water may be collected in a reservoir from our average winter rain-fall every year. But the first thing that ought to be done, and that without any delay, is the planting of trees and shrubs abou; these springs. All experi- ence attests that the flow of springs is greatly increased by this simple means. There is, therefore, no fear of exhausting the supply of water that can be furnished from these hills and springs. The elevation of this water is such, that when it is conducted down to the place of dis- tribution, it may be led through all buildings, or along the hillsides, or thrown about in jets and fountains wherever desired. All the other striking advantages of this location could not make it a place fit to be chosen as the College Home, without this water. With it, every ex- cellence is of double value. Therefore it has always been foreseen that it would be necessary, without fail, sooner or later, for the College to become the owner of this water, and the hill land in which are its sources. The course of this stream, as it winds through the selected College grounds, is thickly bordered with trees. They are oak, syca- more and bay chiefly, together with an undergrowth of tangled shrub- bery. The trees are ever green, so that during the long dry season, when the hills and surrounding plains are brown with their annual ripeness, they encircle this location with a perpetual and refreshing green. This was one of the marked features of the place that first attracted attention to the spot. It was about eight years ago, after the thorough search before de- scribed, for the best climate and location in California for a College, that this spot was chosen by the unanimous vote of the Board of Trus- tees. The natural boundaries were traced around the grounds deemed necessary to the purpose, iucluding of course, both banks of the ravine, and all the trees on both sides, together with the choicest swells of ground for buildings, measuring in all about one hundred and twenty- four acres. Then came the long and doubtful work of obtaining titles and agree- ing upon prices and terms of payment, with as many as seven or eight different owners, all of which was at last accomplished. Then the grounds were taken into possession, all the titles covering them having been secured, and a fence built around the whole. And so it was set apart to the future uses of the College, an ample domain consecrated to the uses of learning and religion. At this point commences the history of a recent and important move- ment in behalf of the College which it will be the object of the next paper to describe. 22 Paper No. III. THE COLLEGE HOMESTEAD ASSOCIATION — ITS ORGANIZATION AND ADVANTAGES. As before remarked, it has all along been evident that it would be indispensable for the College to own the water from its sources through- out, otherwise the institution could not be sure of enjoying its advant- ages free from disturbance. Last summer the whole tract of land, con- taining these springs and this stream, was offered for sale, and the owner was determined to dispose of it. Of course, the College had to become the purchaser, so as to possess the water-right, and be able to retain so much of the land as is necessary to the complete enjoyment of it; In doing so it was necessary to enter upon a plan of consider- able magnitude, and secure by means of it, several other important advantages, together with the water. Such facts as these, for exam- ple, seemed to foreshadow the outlines of what the plan should be. In a few years at farthest, the College will remove^^to its permanent site. When it does so, and erects its buildings, and improves its grounds, it will create a new value on all the surrounding land. Obviously, it ought, if possible to share at least, in the benefits arising from this in- crease in value which itself produces. When it removes to its new home, it will need neighbors, and a plan that tends to increase the set- tlement in the vicinity, of the right kind of population, is very impor- tant to the College. The ground around the College Park is admirably suited to division into homestead lots, and a considerable portion of the land purchased in connection with the water, adjoins this Park on the eastern side. On inquiry, it was found that other land, beautifully situated on the south and west sides could be joined with this, and all be laid off into lots of suitable size for elegant country residences. All the fine points that render the College site so valuable and at- tractive, make its immediate vicinity equally so for residences. These things seemed to point to the possibility of forming a Home- stead Association, disposing of a portion of these lands in lots of suita- ble size to friends of the College, and while giving them the full value of their money in land, realize means to complete the payment of the purchase money, improve the College grounds, and erect the first build- ings thereon. The plan was carefully formed and finally entered upon. The purchase of the land first mentioned was made, and the springs and entire water-right were secured. The land suitable for homestead lots, was tastefully laid off with streets and avenues, each lot containing 23 something over an acre, being a little less in size than the blocks in the City of Oakland. A share in the Homestead Association entitles the owner to one of these lots, and is paid for in twenty monthly install- ments, of twenty-five dollars each, amounting to five hundred dollars in all. Every such lot possesses all the advantages of location, before described as pertaining to the College site, such as climate, soil, view, elevation, and exemption from summer wind. Upon each one the wa- ter can be brought and distributed for all the purposes of cultivation and improvement. The water itself is soft and pure, and therefore well suited for domestic uses. It. needs nothing but the flow of this water to render it easy to ornament these lots to the very highest de- gree. In a climate so mild, and on a spot so beautifully located, with this great advantage added, all the essential conditions are supplied for the gratification of a refined and cultivated taste. And it is one of the most important considerations that the society which will be gathered here will be mainly such as is attracted by the associations and advant- ages of the College itself. The intrinsic value, therefore of these lots is such as strongly to re- commend them for purchase, even as an investment. And this value will be increased in the use of the money paid for them, for with it, the Trustees will commence to improve their own grounds, and accu- mulate a fund with which to erect buildings. These improvements, as soon as they are in progress will enhance the value of the lots pur- chased. Already the beginning of this enterprise has hastened the opening of county roads through the valley, which will be worked dur- ing the rainy season, and will furnish fine drives towards Oakland and toward the bay. This is but the beginning, and it will be followed by the running of the omnibus, and by the cars upon the railway. So much may be said of the enterprise in the interest of the pur- chasers of these lots. On the part of the College, its advantages are very great. The im- portance of the ownership of the water has been alluded to, but it deserves a more extended description. It may be taken at the springs, and at a small expense brought downward and poured into a reservoir located at the proper elevation, and thence furnished, through pipes, to the College, and to all who de- sire to obtain it upon their grounds, or in their buildings. The College will therefore enjoy its use in the ornamentation of its grounds, and derive to its treasury an income from those who receive it for private use, according to the quantity consumed. As settlement increases, and of course the demand for this water 24 with it, the revenue to the institution will become more and more con- siderable. It will not be many years before it will prove to be an important item in the endowment of the College. Beside the water, there will be left no inconsiderable quantity of land unsold, after all the homestead lots are disposed of in pursuance of the scheme now in progress. This land, is, much of it, very choice, and when divided and sold, after contemplated improvements are well in progress, will produce in all probability, an amount sufficient to ena- ble the College to erect its first permanent buildings. This calculation is based on a moderate estimate of the prospective increase in value of the lands in question. If a railroad should come to traverse the val- ley in the mean time, a far greater sum will be likely to be realized. And it is to be said just here, that even now, plans are well nigh matured for the building of such a road, and according to present ap- pearances, it will be completed, and in running order by the time the period of twenty months expires, through which the payments for these homestead lots extend. When this shall be accomplished the distance from San Francisco will be no obstacle to any business man having his residence near the College. Then the rare advantages here combined will attract large numbers to enjoy a residence on this spot. The old prejudice against crossing the bay daily, to and from San Francisco, is rapidly passing away, .and will soon be quite gone. There are not half a dozen days in the year when the water is rough enough to make it disagreeable, and in all ordinary weather, it is the most pleasant mode of travel out- ward from this city. The man of business comes aboard the boat at San Francisco after business hours, and sits down, comfortable, and at rest in a clean, airy, roomy saloon to read his evening paper. By the time it is read, he is across the bay, ready to enjoy socially his home. And he finds this home not like the place he has left, exposed to chill, and wind, and fog, but in a warm summer air, in which he can linger in comfort and safety, with his children, till nightfall. In the morning^ at such an hour as he chooses, he takes his seat in the cars, or on board the boat, and no sooner is he possessed of the morning's news, than he is at the city landing, and finds himself at his business as early as his neighbors. But it is not alone to the residents of San Francisco that those grounds are valuable for purchase. There are large numbers of people in various parts of the country who intend, by and by, to remove to the neighborhood of San Francisco to reside. They wish for a choice location for a home, where they may enjoy the fruits of a life of enter- 25 prise and toil. To such, the grounds above described offer very great attractions. A visit to them, especially on a pleasant day, is all that is necessary to convince any one of this. Let all who would satisfy themselves upon this point, by their own observation, go and see. The superior climatic advantages of a residence on the eastern side of the bay are only beginning to be learned. They are great and nu- merous, and will rapidly dissipate the old prejudices against crossing the water. It is easy to foresee that large numbers of people will seek relief from the dust and wind of San Francisco, and also from the exhaust- ing heats of our interior valleys and mountains, and build them homes along these sunny slopes, in what may be called our foot-hill climate, where they may enjoy a pure and temperate air, and be surrounded by verdure, fruits and flowers. The drift of our home-seeking popula- tion is decidedly this way, and it is to be noticed that those who come seldom return ; the attractions that bring them to the# country hold them. And so the College, on its new ground, is not likely to suffer from loneliness, nor will our proposed town lack inhabitants. It should also be said, that no time ought to be lost in preparing the way for removing the College to its permanent home. Its present quarters in the City of Oakland are too strait for it. The Preparatory Department or Academy, was commenced something over ten years ago. This Department has already grown so fast that it crowds the College, which is located at present on the same square, and often dis- turbs its exercises. As pupils increase — and the number is larger evei^ term — this close contact of the two institutions will become more inconvenient, and the evil can only be remedied by the removal of the College to the permanent site prepared for it. The sale of these homestead lots will open the way for the removal and the opening of the College on the ground where we hope it will remain and flourish to the end of time. Paper No. IV. ENDOWMENTS. The greatest and most important question, after all, in the establish- ment of a College, is that of endowment. A large amount of means must be had, or no such undertaking can succeed. All colleges are supported by the income of invested funds. Their tuition receipts are always small, compared with their expenses. The charges for instruc- 26 tion are placed far below the cost, in order that as many youth as pos- sible may have the opportunity of obtaining a public education. There- fore those Colleges that take a high rank are enabled to do so by the generosity of the endowment given to them. Any community that wants its College to be of the first-class must give it the means to become so. Its rank will certainly be in proportion to its means. If these are stinted and uncertain, they will not command first-class talent in the chairs of instruction, or the best facilities of an education in any respect. If such talent is enlisted at first, by way of experiment, it will drop out and be lost. It will follow the certainty of an adequate sup- port, and leave the institution to poverty in learning, as well as pov- erty in income. The spirit of the times is wonderfully in favor of amply endowing the Colleges. Never before was it known to be so much so. Where the influence^ of these institutions is most felt, and their great value most appreciated, there money is given to them most freely. The record of donations to Colleges for ihe last year is a striking testimony to the truth of what we are saying. We find a list of them published in a late Eastern paper, as follows : Bowdoin College, Maine, has received $72,000, of which $50,000 were in one donation. Dartmouth College, N. H., has received $47,000. Middlebury College, Vt., has received $10,000 from a legacy. Williams College has received $25,000 in one donation. Amherst College has received more than $100,000 in sums of $60,000, $30,000, and $20,000 each. Harvard has received a bequest of $44,000. • Andover Theological Seminary has received $50,000, of which $30,000 were from one firm. ' Trinity College, Hartford, Ct., has received nearly $100,000. Yale College has received (including $135,000 from the U. S. Gov- ernment for its agricultural school) the magnificent sum of $450,000 ! to which perhaps $100,000 will probably soon be added. The report states that of the portion already paid the following sums have been given by individals in single donations, viz., $85,000, $50,000, $30,000, $27,000, $25,000, $20,000, $12,000. New York University has received $60,000. Hamilton College over $100,000. Eutger's College, N. J., has received $100,000. Princeton College, N. J., $130,000, of which $30,000 is in a single donation. Washington University, St. Louis, $50,000 in two donations of $25,000 each — one from New York, the other from Boston. Chicago Theological Seminary has received $80,000. Protestant College in Syria, $103,000. 27 If money is given to the Colleges with this open-handed generosity in the older States, where the amplest endowments have been enjoyed for generations past, how much more reason is there for its being given freely in new States where all things have to be commenced from the very beginning ! With the older States, it is a question merely of advancement and improvement in the Colleges. With the new, it is a question of their existence. With them it is to be determined by public-spirited citizens, whether such institutions shall be founded, and be furnished with the means to come forward, and do well their work, train the youth to a manly, thorough scholarship, or whether they shall be left to starve out a narrow and precarious existence at the very time they are most needed. And the circumstances under which this generosity is shown to the Colleges adds greatly to its significance. It is in the midst of unprece- dented taxation, and along side of the munificent contributions in behalf of the soldiers, and in connection with the ordinary support of the great leading objects of benevolence. In such a time, and in the midst of such unprecedented calls for money, the citizens of the most enlightened parts of the country have given, according to the above list alone, a million three hundred thousand dollars to endow their Colleges ! Now, the question keeps arising as we pen these lines, what will Calif ornia do in this matter'} California, inhabited by an unusually large proportion of educated men ; California, richer than any new State was ever before known to be ; California, already famous for her timely generosity to great and good objects ; California, far removed from all the old Colleges, and destitute of all College advantages, unless she builds her own ; California — we ask the question on New Year's Day, 1865 — what will she do? We keep thinking of the noble example set her last year by her older sisters, and we wonder if this year she will worthily imitate them. We look out and see the rain falling, and think of the wealth of the open- ing year's harvests, of the ampler yield of our mines, of the profits of trade, and we wonder if the people will use of their income to endow learning, as their Eastern brethren do. We look at this young College, working hard and faithfully with its small means, and wonder whether California will obhge such an institution to wait a generation or two for its full and proper life, as some States inhabited by a less intelligent class of people have done, or whether she will give it the means to become in a very few years a well-endowed, well-instructed, well-fur- nished, first-class College. When men come here from the East, men who were our associates in 28 earlier years — when they have been here and traveled through our State, they return and report society here to be poor, and that learning is held in small respect. Whether this is a candid judgment now or not, things are surely tending that way, and a severer judgment will be passed by visitors from abroad, who travel here in the next generation. The question keeps arising, why should the intelligent, educated, public-spirited citizens of such a State as California consent to run down in intellect, lose standing among men no more than their equals in the other States and bring up a generation of youth here uncultiva- ted, and unprepared to stand upon an equality with other young men born and trained elsewhere ? Institutions of thorough culture and liberal learning will prevent this, but without them it cannot be pre- vented. And nothing is wanting to bring such institutions forward, and give them maturity, as it were in advance, but endowment. We can fill the chairs of instruction with as able men as any College possesses, and raise the standard of attainment among our young scholars fully as high as that reached in the oldest Colleges, and send out the elevating influence of sound and Christian learning through society, so that we shall not be ashamed of comparison with any other State, if only such men can be well supported. Will endowment be contributed to fur- nish such support ? If we refer to the last year's list of donations to Eastern colleges, as above given, we shall see that they were mostly contributed by indivi- dual citizens, and in large sums, such as twenty, thirty, fifty, sixty, or a hundred thousand dollars each. And this raises the reasonable ques- tion, are there not citizens of like spirit in California, of like respect for learning, and like generosity in promoting it ? Did all such men stay behind when the emigration took place to this State, and do they all live in the old homes, and are none of them here ? The plan of the College Homestead Association was formed for the purpose of increasing the funds of this College. It needs only to be carried out to realize all, and more than all that was anticipated. But this requires no contributions. It asks citizens to buy land at a fair price and gives them a clear title. This is all very good, so far as it goes — but it amounts to only the beginning of the needed endowment. We may possibly get on with temporary subscriptions for a year or two, but the College cannot answer the expectations justly raised by its very existence without endowments, such as other Colleges receive. The College asks attention to these things. It asks of the educated men scattered all over the State, that they will speak and act in favor of College education, and inspire young men to pursue a thorough 29 course of liberal learning. It asks of men of wealth donations and bequests, such as they may be pleased to have connected with their names, as indicating their appreciation of learning, and its relation to the public good. And, speaking of bequests, reminds us to say, that those who intend to remember the College in their wills, cannot do it too soon. We have known several instances in which persons fully intended to make bequests to the College, and who were studying their affairs to determine the amount they would give, and who were taken suddenly away before their purpose was accomplished. Others have drawn their wills, and have very generously remembered the College in them. They are public-spirited and excellent men, and it is devoutly to be wished that they may live long to enjoy their wealth and benefit society. And it may be hoped, too, that they may see fit to execute their own wills, so' far as the College is concerned, and themselves enjoy the pleasure of seeing the beneficent uses and results of their generosity. Merchants have very largely endowed our best Col- leges. Will not merchants do likewise here, and thus show that they are not less forethoughtful of the public good, not less generous, and not less appreciative of the high value of sound learning than are the merchants conducting the commerce of the Atlantic cities ? The writer of these articles would be glad to correspond with any gentlemen who take special interest in this subject. To any who are inclined to inquire more particularly into the plans and condition of the College, having in view the making of donations to it, he would be glad by correspondence or by personal interview to make known all the facts of the case. :Sr,v. LB My '06 /^ Ir,!,?,S^5"Y OF CONGRESS 029 912 419 8