i nnnniiiiDnnitn IBRARY OF CONGRESS. Shelf.. ^3: 3 573 1-^92. NITED STATES OF AMERICA. LDEENESS, tliver drainage.' Size 25x31 inches. Scale 4 miles to an inch. Colored in counties. On map-bond paper in cloth cover for carrying in the pocket $1.00. On heavy plate paper for framing, in mail- ing tube to prevent creasing, $1.00, post-paid on receipt of price. S. R. STODDARD, Publisher, Glens Falls, N. Y. i!r -^ Fold-out Place This fold-out is being digitized, anc at a future date. i S/ -4^/ f^JOMCpH^PAV" LAKE GEORGF (1 LI^TJ ST W A. 1 K 1 ). LAKE CHAMPLAIN A L5()()K OF TO-DAY. :V- S„ R. STODOARD. TWENTY-SECOND EDITION. GLENS FALLS. N. Y. 0^ 0} i> PUBLISHED P. \' THE AUTHOR, Copyrig-ht, 1892, by S. R. Stoddard. /7 ;?;^^ Lake George and Lake Champlain, A.C. A 109 Adams Landing 139 Advert" mtb Indexed. 145 Alburgh Springs 140 Asaembly Point 35 Au Sable Ctiadm 113 Baldwin 77 BI(ody Pond 20 Bixby, Dr. George F. 137 Bluff Pt 128, 167 hulwaga Bay 104 Burlington 112 Camp Life 3 Camp Watson 141 Cunllon 102 Cedar Beach 109 Cnampiain'8 Battle.. 98 Colctiester Point 113 Crown Point Ruins.. 103 Cumberland Head . . . 13(i Down ihe Lake 29 E-*g1eCamp 1^*9 E-*sex... ^Oi Fisbing 6 Forts. Cassin 08 Gage 19 yeorg- 10 Moiitgomery 138 St. Frederick 102 Tlctnderoga(Rumf) 98 Wm. Henry (Ruins) 9 French Point 57 tilens Falle 21 Bueiness Carde, 147,151 Gordon's Lai ding. . . 138 Great Back Bay 140 Grog Hatbor 107 Hague 71 Highgate Springs — 143 Howe's Landing 79 Hulett's Landing' 63 Hotels (Advertise- ments, indexed. . 145 Albion.. •••• 37 Bolton H< use 49 Burieigh Houce 82 CarpenttT Houae.. . 14 Central Hotel 13 Champlain. (Bluff Point).. 128. 167 CI ampl'n (Maquam) 143 CrosbysMe 15 Cumberland House 134 F . L. George House 36 Fort Wm. Hem yH. 11 Fouquet House 134 Fourteen Mile I.. 51-b Gibhs House 105 Grove Hftel 36 Hillside House 72 Horicon Lodge 36 Huletl'B Landing H. 63 Hnndn d Island H. .51-c Island Harbor 73 Kattakill House.... 37 Hotels— continued. Kenesaw 51-b Kenmore 171 Lake House 12 L. View H., L. Geo. 41 L.View.AuSblCsmlig Marion House 39 Mohican House. .45, 158 Pearl Point 54 Phoenix Hotel 71 Prospect Mt. House 14 Rising House 72 Rockwell House... 22 Rogers' Rock Hotel 76 Sagamore. The.. .49, 159 Samson's L.V'wH. 142 Saranac L'ke House 165 St. Hubert's Inn... 164 Silver Bay 69 Stevens House 108 Trout House 72 Trout Pavillion.... 36 Van Ness House. . . 113 Welden, The 142 W estport ! nn IOt Willshorough, The 109 Indian Kettles 67 Islands. AsYou-Were 56 Burnt 56 Canoe 33 Crab 132 Crown .51-A Diamond 32 Dome 40 Elizabeth 37 Floating Battery. . . 59 Four Brothers 110 Fourteen Mile 51 Half-way 59 Harbor 60 Hen and Chickens 51-c IsleLaMotte 139 Juniper 110 Long 33 Mother Bunch 59 North Hero 139 Oahu 51-A Phnntom 55 Phelps 50 Prisoner's 77 Rcclufe 40 Scotch Bennett 79 South Hero 139 Tea 29 Three Sirens 59 Turtle 55 Valcour 126 Vicar's 62 Ladd's Landing 139 Lake Champlain 93 Islands 137 Lake George Discovery 6-a Business Cards — 157 Maps. L. Champlain and L. George. In front cover Lake George Hotels Frontispiece. Ticonderoga 81 Tlconderoga Ruing. 100 Miseif quol Park 144 Mountains. Anthony's Nose.. . , 70 Black 57 B-ick 39 Deer's Leap 63 Elephant 66 Hog's Back 64 Prospect 14 Rogers' Rock 76 Split Rock 107 Tongue 51-b Twin 66 Old Stone Store 14 Otter Creefe 108 Outfit 3 Paradise Bay 56 PlattsbuTgh 133 Battle of 132 Port Henry 104 Port Kent 113 Roads and Drives. ... 18 Rock Dunder Ill Roger's Slide 75 Rouses Point 137 Railroads. Au Sable Chasm... 113 Chat* augay TJ'S. 174 Delaware & Hudson 173 Fitchburgn 175 Hudson River 172 Sabb-^th Day Point.. 66 Sacrificial Stone 47 St. Albars 14-1 St. Mary's of the Late 31 Saratoga— Reverse of book, iudexe(1. Shelburne Harbor... Ill South Hero 138 Split Rock 107 Steamboats. Chateaugay 106 Horicon 16 Hudson River 1(33 Island Queen IT Ticonderoga ... 17 Vermo.nt 97 Water Lily 105 Ticonderoga, Falls.. 81 Nanres 101 Fort 98 Village 81 Valcour, Battle of.. 127 Westport 105 Wh^itehall 96 Williams' Monument 20 WlUsborongh Point. . 109 LAKE GEORGE. A-KE GEORGE! How the heart bounds and the pulse quickens at sound of the words that bring with them thoughts of the '' Holy Lake." In fancy we again breathe the air, heavy with the odor of pines and cedar, or fragrant with the breath of blossoming clover. Again we wander among the daisies and buttercups that gem the hill- side sloping so gently down to where the wavelets kiss the white beach, or floating among the verdant islands, watch the sunlight and shadow chase each other up the mountain side, while every crag and fleecy cloud is mirrored in the quiet waters below. A memory of the past comes to me as I write ; of good old days now past and gone ; of lumbering coaches where now go swiftly glancing trains ; of six horse tally-hos, now crowded out by monsters breathing fire and smoke ; of sounding plank in place of shining ribs of steel. More comfortable now it is undoubtedly with its luxurious palace cars but the poetry has gone with the dear old stages, and the new things of the age have made living commonplace at last. The memory remains, how^ ever, of the stage of old, with its overhanging load of pleasure seekers in brave attire, suggestive of some huge bouquet of gaily colored flowers, rocking and swaying from side to side as it bowls merrily along through the shaded streets and out across the plain, creeping up the long hill, then down into the 2 Lake George. valley on the other side, where ragged urchins pelt us with great, creamy pond lilies ; of the stop at the Half-Way House, where thirsty ones partake of cooling drinks such as Brown alone can make; of the rapidly changing views as with swinging gait we cover the winding forest road; of Williams' Monu- ment and Bloody Pond ; and of the moment when the woods are left behind and the " Lake of the Blessed Sacrament " lies before us, green-walled at the sides and stretching away to where the rugged Tongue and misty Black Mountain close across the sparkling way. Rightfully and becomingly does Lake George wear the proud title '* Queen of American Waters." Lying along the south-eastern margin of the great Adirondacks it combines the grandure of its widest mountain lakes with the quiet loveliness of its peace- ful valleys. The graceful foliage of Keene Valle}', the rounded headlands of the queenly Raquette, the repose of stately Placid, the rugged grandeur of dark Avalanche, have each their counterpart here, all blended in one grand harmonious whole. Its water of marvelous purity has a distinctive color of its own. The Raquette River flows red, the Opalescent amber; Lake George is. In its shaded depths, a positive green. Its tributary streams are few and short— spring-born in the enwrapping hills. It Is itself but a great overflowing spring In Its hollow of verdure-covered rock. Its surface is 346 feet above tide and 247 feet above Lake Champlain Into which, at the north, with many a wild leap and rapid race, it empties. Islands rear themselves in solitary grandeur, or are gathered In dainty clusters on its face. Of old it was said there was an island Lake (ii:()kc,E. 3 for every day in the year, and an additional inyste- rious, illusive, little sprite of a one that appeared only in the years divisible by four, but the u.iim- aginative survey of 1880 proved that there are but 220 including every considerable rock around which the water breaks. During July and August, Lake George teems v/ith nomadic life in all its varied forms. Vagrant communities appear and disappear as if by magic ; white tents gleam among the dark-green foliage, and lonely islands are suddenly astir with busy throngs. Its wilderness solitudes for the time resound with joyous shoutings, as of boys let loose from school ; its rocks arc flecked with blue and gray ; its tree tops blush with bunting, while the very shores put on a flannelly hue, and shadowy points blossom out in duck and dimity. It is safe to say that in the course of the season a thousand people taste the pleasures and overcome the difificulties of actual camp life at L ike George. The camp outfit should include a light axe, long- handled fryin T.pan, tin pail for water or coffee, tin plates, pint cups, knives and forks and fishing tackle. A stove-top laid on a fire-place of stones and mud, and supplied with one length of stove pipe will be appreciated by the cook; spruce boughs for a bed, with rubber blanket, to guard against possible, dampness, and two or three good woolen blankets for covering, will be found very comfortable. A small bag to fill with leaves or moss for a pillow, pays for itself in one night. Flannel or woolen clothing, with roomy shoes and a soft felt hat, is ordinarily the safest dress. 4 Lake George. Ladies, wear what you have a mind to (you will, any way), but let me respectfully suggest that it be mostly flannel, with good. strong shoes under foot, and a man's felt hat over head — take the man along, too, if you want to, he will be useful to row you about, take the fish off your hook, run errands, etc. Boats and provisions may be obtained at almost any of the hotels. Bacon, salt pork, bread and butter, Boston crackers, tea, coffee, sugar, pepper and salt, with a tin box or two for containing the same are among the things needed. Milk can be obtained regularly at the farm houses, berries picked almost anywhere ; ice is a luxury which may be contracted for and thrown from the passing steam- ers daily ; a hole in the ground with a piece of bark over it forms a very good ice box ; a drinking cup of leather, to carry in the pocket, comes handy at times ; broad-brimmed straw hats are a nuisance. Whiskey is unnecessary, a damage and disgrace to the party ; if you take it habitually to prevent colds, don't come. Colds are never taken here by sleeping out under the stars, and there is little in God's pure air and sunshine in keeping with the de- S'radinp; stuff. A shanty made of boughs will answer, in absence or anything better. It sounds well when you talk about *' roughing it," but is unsatisfactory in prac- tice. A tent may be made comfortable with the outlay of a little time and work. There are clubs who own fishing boxes or shanties, more or less rough in construction, some made simply of rough 'boards, with bunks for sleeping in, and with chairs, tables, stoves, etc. Some of them can be hired, the price being from ^12 to $20 per week, including Lake George. 5 the use of a boat or two and in many cases a well filled ice house. The po.orest cottage is an improve- ment on the best of tents in stormy weather. The question of the right of individuals to ac- quire and hold possession of certain islands belong- ing to the State is somewhat complicated and as yet unsettled. The law says ; " TJie lands now or hereafter constituting tJie forest preserve shall be for- ever kept as wild forest landsT A number of these islands are occupied by responsible parties who were appointed custodians by the land commission- ers, and Avho in good faith expended considerable money in beautifying and making these islands comfortable for summer occupancy. Their rights are respected by the public generally and their re- moval a question of time. The Forest Commission, having charge of the forest preserve, Avas created by Chapter 283 of the laws of 1885. The forest warden, forest inspectors, foresters and other persons acting upon the forest preserve under the written employment of the forest warden, or of the Forest Commission, may, without warrant, arrest any person found upon the forest preserve violating any provisions of the act creating the commission. The Forest Commission has the same power to bring action for trespass and to re- cover damages for injury, or to prevent injury to the preserve which any owner of lands would be en- titled to bring. The fire wardens have power to call upon any person in the territory in which they act for assistance in suppressing fires, and every perison refusing to act when so called shall be liable to a fine of not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. Any person who shall willfully or negligent- 6 Lake George. ly set fire to any forest lands belonging to the State, shall be liable to a fine of not less than fifty or more than five hundred dollars, or to imprisonment of not less than thirty days nor more than six months. The islands of Lake Georrje belonsf to the State and under existing laws, cannot be purchased, ex- cept the following: Tea, Diamond, Canoe, long, Elizabeth, Three Brothers, Dome, Recluse, Belvoir, Hiawatha, Leontine, Green, Crown, Fourteen Mile, Flora, Turtle and Harbor Islands. Good fishing can be had at Lake George in its proper season by one possessed of a proper knowl- edge of the best ground. This knowledge is pur- chasable and can be had by the employment of competent fishermen, who furnish boat and bait also' at about $3 per day. The game fish are the lake trout and black bass. The trout are usually taken by deep trolling early in the season and with live bait in deep water, later. Black bass are caught by trolling or still fishing over rocky ground. Rock bass and perch abound on certain well-known ledges while the plebian ** bull-head" flourishes on the softer bottom. This last fish, although not con- sidered good in many waters is here firm of flesh and palatable. Brook trout fishing makes a fair re- turn for labor expended, the yield in the various streams emptying into the lake being in ratio to the whipping they get. Here the various " flies " that are comparatively valueless for lake fishing may be used to advantage. Hunting is little considered here although the woods yield a fair share of birds and small game and deer are not uncommon in the mountains along the narrows. Lake George. 6-a The existence of Lake George was first made known to Europeans in 1609, through the writings of Samuel de Champlain. It was known to the Indians as Andia-to-roc-te (place where the lake contracts). Champlain went no further south than tlie falls at Ticonderoga. In the month of August, 1642, a war party of Iroquois, returning from Canada to their homes in I he Mohawk Valley, passed through Lake George \\ ith three prisoners, tortured, maimed and bleeding, lliey were a French Jesuit, Father Jogues, Rene Goupil and Guillame Couture, the first white men known to have seen the " Lake of the Blessed Sacra- ment." Again, on the 29th of May, 1646, Father Jogues, with Sieur Bourden, engineer in chief on the gover- nor's staff, and six friendly Indians arrived at the outlet on the eve of the festival of Corpus Christi, and in commemoration of the day they named it the" Lake of the Blessed Sacrament." For overa hun- dred years it bore its beautiful name of Lac Du St. Sicrament, then, in . 1/5 5» General Johnson en- camped at its head and called it Lake George, in honor of George the Second, and then reigning king of Great Britain. ^'Horieau,^' the " Silvery Water," was simply a fan- cy of Cooper's. He says : " It occurred to me that the Frencli name of this lake was too complicated, the American too common-place, and the Indian too unpronounceable for either to be used familiarly in a work of fiction","* so he called it " Horican." The name has been generally accepted as historical * '" Th(^ last of the Mohicans." Intro_uction to edition of 1&51. New York George P. Putnam. ^-b Father Jogues. and advanced by admirers as one more indication of the poetic temperament and appreciation of the beautiful fitness of lyings possessed by the noble red man. It is not explained, however, why, in these later days, Cooper's creation is acce*pted as the name, while his spelling is ignored. Isaac Jogues, who first saw, and seeing, wrote of Lake George, was born at Orleans, Jan. lo, 1607; entered the Jesuit Society at Rouen, 1624, and three years later removed to the college of La Fletche. He completed his divinity studies at Cler- mont College, Paris, and was ordained Priest in February, 1 636. In the spring of that year he embarked as a missionary for Canada, arriving early in July, and soon proceeded to his far-away station on the Otawa river in the land of the Hurons. On his return from Quebec where he came for sup- plies in 1642, he was captured with his party and carried through Lake George to the Mohawk, suffer- ing torture at that and various other times. The following year, in July, he made his escape by aid ot the Dutch at Ft. Orange, who sent him to France, where he arrived about Christmas, and was received with great honor and reverence. In 1644 he -re- turned to Canada, and in 1 646 returned by the old route to his former masters, the Mohawks, a missionary from his superior, and an ambassador for the French nation, to ratify a treaty with the savages. Once more he returned to Canada, and once more passed over the holy lake to his " Mission of the Martyrs," where on his arival he was met by torture and paid the penalty of his zeal with his pure de- vot::! z'Sf- iicrificing life. Lake George. q_^ In 1609, Hendrlck Hudson ascended the North river to its junction with the Mohawk, and the same year Champlain sailed as far south as Ticonderoga, on the lake which now bears his name. At that time the Algonqiiins occupied the land north of the S^ Lawrence, and the Five Nations (a powerful con- federacy, consisting of the Mohawks^ Oneidas, Onon- dagas, Cayugas, and Senecas), were gathered in the valley of the Mohawk. The tribes of the north and south were continually at war with each other. The land between the St. Lawrence and the Mo hawk was debatable ground, and the country along the shores of St. Sacrament and Champlain was a solitude, for the lakes, stretching north and south, formed a pathway through the wilderness, over which savage nations were constantly going to war against each other. This had driven all who were inclined to occupy the land beyond the mountains; and presumably this is why it received its Indian name, signifying " the lake that is the gate of the country." The English secured th Ir right to the country claimed by the Five Nations by virtue of a treaty with that people ; the French claimed it by right of Champlain's discovery. Both nations aimed to keep the friendship of the Indian tribes, in which the French met with the greater success. They were constantly extending their lines, and sending over zealous missionaries and enterprising traders, who carried glass beads, fire-water, and the bread of life to the red man, and created a great revival of religion among them, in consequence of which a good many English scalps were taken. In 1731 the French advanced to Crown Point <5-d Historical — 1731-1755- and built a fort, which they called *' St. Frederick." The slow English remonstrated, but took no active measures to resist the advance on what they claimed as their territory. The Indians that gath- ered around the French fort were a constant men- ace to the exposed home of the English settlers of the upper Hudson, and often was the story told of a sudden descent on some unprotected point, a rifle shot, a gleaming knife or bloody tomahawk, and a retreat by the light of a burning building. In the words of the French concerning their Indian allies, they occasionally "struck a blow and returned with some scalps." In time the English realized that something more effective than protests would be needed to resist the encroachment of the French, and in 1755 Gen- eral, afterward Sir William, Johnson was dispatched to take charge of the little affair. He arrived at the head of Lac du St. Sacrament August 28th, and at once renamed the lake, calling it Lake George, in honor of the then reigning King of Great Britain. Not content with this hydraulic vic- tory he issued a proclamation, in which he said : " I propose to go down this lake with a part of the army, and take post at the end of it, at a pass called 'Ticonderogue,' there to await the coming up of the rest of the army, and then attack Crown Point." While General Johnson was waiting to note the effect of his proclamation, the Baron Dies- kau, with 1,400 men, 600 of whom were Indians, ad- vanced, September 8th, to attack Fort Lyman, now Fort Edward. When within four miles of the fort, the Indians refused to proceed further, it is thought from their known fear of cannon. Dieskau then Lake George. f- o-e turned the head of his little army toward Lake George, and had reached the place where Williams' monument now stands, when news was brought that the English were advancing toward them. Form- ing an ambush in shape of a hollow square, open to- ward the north ; the points extending on each side of the road, the French awaited the coming of the enemy, which soon appeared — i^ooo English and 200 Indians — under Col. Ephraim Williams and old King Hendrick. It happened that among Dieskau's Indians were some of the great league of the Iroquois, who, seeing that the English were ac- companied by a party of their sworn friends, fired guns in the air as a warning, and, by this act, turned what might have been the annihilation of the de- tachment into simply a bad defeat. The French opened fire, at once. Colonel Williams and King Hendrick fell, and their followers retreated, followed by the French. The noise of the engagement was heard, at Lake George, and a force of 300 was dis- patched to the assistance of the English, while breastworks of fallen trees were thrown up with all haste in front of the camp. Soon came the English in confusion, closely pursued by the French. The guns of the English could not be brought to bear, without injuring friend and foe alike, and it ap- peared to be Dieskau's object to keep thus close on the heels of the retreating English, and enter the fortified camp with them ; but as, with joyful shouts, the survivors tumbled over the logs among their friends, they, with wonder, beheld the French halt while the Indian allies skulked in the swamps. The pause was for a few minutes only, but it af- forded the English time to perfect their plans of de- Historical — 1755-1757. fense, and, when the French did finally advance, they were received by a well-worked battery against which they could not prevail. The attack was spirited, and the defense stubborn. The engage- ment began a little before noon, and lasted until about four o'clock, when the enemy retreated, and the English took their turn at pursuit. Dieskau was wounded and taken prisoner, dying afterward, it is said, from the effect of his wounds. Johnson was also wounded early in the day, and the com- mand devolved on General Lyman, who behaved with unexceptionable bravery throughout the en- tire engagement. The French loss, killed and wounded, was nearly 400 men ; the English about 300. Johnson, having earned glory enough, spent the remainder of the season in building Fort William Henry. In March, 1757, Vaudreuil, with 1,500 French and Indians, came over the ice to attack Fort Wil- liam Henry, The attack was made at two o'clock on the morning of the 19th, but the garrison was apprised of the enemy's approach and repulsed him successfully. He succeeded, however, in burning a number of sloops and batteaux, that were frozen in the ice, in front of the fort. Early in August, following Vaudreuil's unsuccess- ful attack, the Marquis de Montcalm, with nearly 8,000 French and Indians, advanced on Fort Wil- liam Henry. Colonel Monro was then in command of the fort. He withstood the siege for six 4ays in hopes of relief from General Webb ; but, receiving none, sent a messenger to Montcalm stating the terms on which he would surrender. The terms were substantially that the Eng-lish should be Lake George. allowed to march out with the honors of war, car- rying arms and baggage. They were agreed to, and at noon the next day the English marched over to the entrenched camp, there to remain until the following morning, leaving the sick and wounded under the protection of the French gen- eral. But, even while they were passing out, the Indians swarmed in through the embrasures, at- tacking the sick and helpless. The horrible scenes that followed are thus described by Father Robaud in his '' Relations : " ''I saw one of these bar- barians come forth out of the casements, which nothing but the most insatiate avidity for blood could induce him to enter, for the infected atmos- phere which exhaled from it was insupportable, car- (3.. Historical — 1757. rying in his hand a human head, from which streams of blood were flowing, and which he pa- raded as the most valuable prize he had been able to seize." In the morning, when the English marched out of the entrenched camp, and, protected by three hundred French, the insufficiency of their escort be- came apparent. The savages swarmed in the woods on every side, and hung like a dark storm- cloud along their path. Low, ominous muttering, like distant thunder, came from the surging crowd, rising higher and higher, until, with fierce 3^ells, the}^ fell on the panic-stricken English, and struck them down in the face of their helpless guard. Soon all semblance of order ceased, the march changing into a selfish Tace for life. The butchery, which at first was the' work of a few, became gen- eral ; the savages murdered helpless women and children, and tore men from the ranks, and, like wild beasts, fought among themselves for the sick- ening prize of a human scalp. It is difficult to exonerate Montcalm from all blame, for he knew the nature of the savages, and their treatment of the sick and wounded in the old fort the day before, and still, with 6,000 French at command, sent only 300 to protect a long line of men, women, and children from wild beasts, thirst- ing for their blood. The number that perished is unknown, but has been estimated by some as high as 1,500. Their object accomplished, the French returned north, leaving the fort a heap of smouldering ruins, and the bones of the English bleaching in the sun. Another act in the great drama of the Lake. A Lake George. year has passed away, and the curtain rises on a scene of wondrous beauty. The same old moun- tains slope down, amphitheater-like, around the lake ; the mists of midsummer hang over the land ; martial music fills the air. The sound of bugles and of highland pipes echo from the mountain side, and a thousand boats, bearing 15,000 men, in all the varied colors of royal court, of clan and forest, with banners waving, and hearts beating high with hope, move away down the glassy lake. Thus, on the morning of July 5th, 1758, Aber- crombie embarked and sailed to the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. On the following day, at Trout-Brook, Lord Howe fell, and the evening of the 9th saw the inglorious return of the defeated army. The following year Amherst passed the same way, capturing Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and driving the French into Canada. Fort William Henry is described as square, built of pine logs covered with sand, flanked by bastions at the four corners, and surrounded by a deep ditch. The ruins are in the sandy, tree-covered bluff west of the railroad depot, between it and the Fort Wil- liam Henry Hotel. The outline is still preserved, showing the form of the old fort, nearly square, flanked on the west, south, and a part of the east side, by a ditch, and on the north by the lake. The ** Old Fort Well " still remains near the east side, partially filled with stones and rubbish. Just where the fence which now incloses the grounds on the east would run, if continued out into the lake, deep under water, is the old Fort dock. Beyond the dock a little way, may be seen, on a still day, the Fort George, :harred remains of an old hulk, with blackened ribs and keel half hidden in the sand, supposed to have been one of the number sunk by Vaudreuil in Feb- ruary, 1757. Shell and cannon balls have been taken from it at different times, and in 1 820 two small cannon were removed from the wreck. Fort George is a half-mile east of old Fort Wil- liam Henry, back on the low bluff, around which the railroad swings as it turns away from the lake. It was built in 1759, by General Amherst, the por- tion completed being but a bastion of what was then designed for an extensive fortification. It was oc- cupied as a military post while the necessity for one lasted. Commanded (!) in 1775 by Capt. John Nordberg, ** in a little cottage as a Hermit where I was very happy for six months ; " taken possession of by Col. Bernard Romans, May 12 (two days after the capture of Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen), and held by the Americans until the close of the Revo lution. It is now but a great heap of earth, sloping off from the edge to toward the centre and north held in place by the walls, which are quite well pre- served on the east side. The greater portion of the stonework has been removed, and burned into lime. On the table land, a little to the southwest of the fort, was the old entrenched camp, the scene of Dieskau'^i defeat by General Johnson in I75S» Lake George. ii Fort William Henry Hotel, William Noble owner and proprietor, H. P. C. Johnson, manager. Post Office, Lake George. Capacity 600. Rates $4,00 to $5.00 per day according to room. The original Fort William Henry Hotel was built in the year 1854-5 by a stock company, of which Thomas Thomas was president, and opened for guests in June of the last named year, with Daniel Gale as manager. The architect was a son of the president of the company, the builder Franklin M. Wright of Glens Falls. The original structure had a front of 200 feet with a wing extending backward from its centre 130 feet, and was four stories high with basement. In 1855 and the spring of 1856 the front was extended towards the east making it as it now stands with a total frontage of 334 feet. In 1865 Daniel Gale and A. C. Joselin purchased the property of the company, Mr. Gale succeeding as sole owner and proprietor two years later and con- tinuing in the management until August, 1868, when he sold it to T. Roessle & Son of Albany, for $125,000. During the following winter and spring the house was remodeled at a cost of about $200,000. The entire structure was raised 26 feet making room for the basement and main story, the latter with ceilings 16 feet high. A mansard roof was also added making the building seven stories high. On February, 1891, Mr. William Noble of the Grenoble Flats, New York city, purchased the property of T. E. Roessle the surviving partner. The space between the house and depot is rich in history and tradition and was once the centre of vast military operations which brought together a host four times greater than could now find quarters in all the hotels and cottages along Lake George's teem 12 Lake Georg£. ing shores. Now, winding paths lead to the water, and stately pines grow on the ramparts and in the trenches, where, of old, men watched for the savage foe or made merry around the barrack fire. The Lake House, H. E. Nichols, proprietor, is on the west shore between the water and the main street of the little village of Caldwell. Capacity 300. Open June 1st. This is one of the oldest houses of Lake George and is firmly established in the hearts of many who are as regular in their appearance as the seasons. The office always impresses a new comer with the idea that he has unexpectedly dropped in while a LAKE HOUSE, LAKE GEORGE, N. T. reception is in progress, as it is a favorite gathering place for the lady guests of the house. It is at- tractive with tasteful decorations and a paneled ceiling of native woods, while an ample fireplace, ornate in terra cotta, gives promise of a cheery com- fort of a chilly evening in early spring or late sum mer when a fire may be a welcome addition. Within the office is telegraph office and a desk Lake George. 13 with pictures, books, and periodicals. The piazzas, back and front, give choice of position at different hours of the day. All along the front extends a double line of thick-leaved maples, underand through which is displayed a charmingly restful view of vil- lage, church and mountain. On the east a shaded lawn slopes down to the water's edge. On the grounds are four comfortable cottages, two of which, standing at the lake shore, with balconies that al- most overhang the waters, are fine specimens of architecture. Excursion steamers and the regular line boats all land at the dock. Mr. Nichols, the proprietor, is well known to Lake George visitors, having served here in the capacity of clerk and general manager for some time. He is energetic and thorough and will undoubtedly hold the Lake House where it has stood so long, a favorite among Lake George visitors. North of the Lake House is the Warren County Court House and jail. South of the Lake House is a large private board- ing house kept by Mrs. J. Quinlan ; rates, $8 to $10 per week; will accommodate 25. Central Hotel is just north of the Lake House, on the opposite side of the main street. It is sub- stantial, comfortable, and attractive, and is open summer and winter. An omnibus, free to guests, runs to all trains and boats. Board $2 per day ; $8 to $14 per week. Capacity of house 100. The *' Central " opens under new management this year — that of Stewart D. Brown, son of the veteran George Brown, whose name has been asso- ciated with the hotel business of Lake George and French Mountain for nearly half a century. The new proprietor in addition to a considerable ex- perience, brings youthful push and energy into the 14 Lake George. business Siid will no doubt add laurels to tlie name. The house shows marked signs of modern ideas as a result of the general overhauling and re-arrange- 3 4 5 CALDWELL FBOM THE NORTHEAST. 1 Rattlesnake Cobble ; a Prospect Mountain House ; 3 Fort William Henry Hotel ; 4 R. C. Church ; 5 Carpenter House ; 6 Lake House ; 7 Court House and Jail ; 8 Central House. ment for summer guests presenting a handsome ap- pearance from office to kitchen. The Arlington, just south of the Central House, J. T. Bryant, proprietor, will accommodate about 60. Carpenter House, J. H. Carpenter, proprietor. Capacity, 70. Rates, $2 per day ; $7 to $10 per week. This house is still further south and directly opposite the old stone store. It is neat and orderly, and will accommodate about 70 guests. A free stage runs to trains and boats. Prospect Mountain rises west of the village, its top less than a mile in an air line from where steamer and cars exchange their crowds of passen. gers. The Mount Ferguson House at the top will, presumably, furnish refreshments and accommoda- tions as heretofore. " The Old Stone Store," on the east side of Main Street, opposite the Carpenter House, is a venerable landmark, known for years, and of general interest for its unique collection of Japanese goods Lake George. 15 and curios, its photographs and books, stationery and artists' materials; to the lover of a good cigar for its collection of various brands from Park & Tilford, and to young people generally as headquarters for fine chocolate and mixed candies. It also con- tains a drug and prescription de- partment in care of M. As her, Ph.G., of New York. ThejT/ro- prietor is Dr. W. J. Hunt, a young man o f sterling quali- ties, popular with resident and visitor, and with a gratifying and steadily grow ing practice. D. T. Sands, one door north of the old Stone Store, is a young merchant of promise and worthy of patronage. His specialty is fancy goods, dress goods, and ladies' shoes. C. A. & E. J. West, on the west side of the street need no commendation. They are a solid firm and deal in solid goods, staple and fancy, with unlimited groceries and canned goods. Camping parties will do well to make a note of this. The Post Office is on the west side of the street, a short distance north of the Central Hotel. The Crosbyside is on the east shore opposite the Lake House. Capacity of house and cottages about 200. Rates given on application. R. C. Jenkins, manager. Steamers land at the dock and an omnibus conveys guests to and from all trains Telegraph in the oflfice. i6 Lake George. Cottages noticeably prominent along shore, north of Crosbyside, belong severally to Mrs. M. S. Stock- well ; Rev. James P. Wilson, of Newark; Mrs. Henry L. Gregg ; Matthew Wilson, the artist ; Mrs. Dr. Wm. A. Brown ; and N. H. Bishop, canoeist and author. The sharply-gabled cottage, on the higher open ground, is Montclaire Terrace. Steamboats. — The steamboat service on the lake is thorough, convenient, and satisfactory to the pub- lic generally. The *' line " boats belong to the Lake Champlain Transportation Company, Capt. George Rushlow, General Agent, with office at Burlington, Vt. The boats on lake George and Lake Cham- plain (connected by train between the two) form a continuous day line through the two lakes. The Lake George boats are the " Horicon " and the " Ticonderoga." The Horicon (side-wheel steamer), was built at the old landing near the outlet in 1876, re-built at Baldwin in 1890. It is of fine model, graceful poise, and can run 20 miles an hour under favorable con- ditions. The length of keel is 196 feet (203 over all), 8/0 feet hold, and 301^ beam (about 52 feet wide over all). It is of 643 tons burden, and privileged to carry lOOO passengers. Three staterooms arc pro- vided for guests or passengers, and arrangements are made for dining such as desire it. The saloon oc- cupies the entire breadth of the boat between the wheel-houses, and is 108 feet long, finished in but- ternut and black walnut and lighted with ground glass of two designs. Captain J. D. Reeves, com- mander. The Horicon leaves Caldwell at about 9:30 A. M.^ on arrival of the train from the Hudson River night boats and touching at the various landings reaches Lake George. 17 Baldwin about noon, where passengers are trans- ferred by rail to the Champlain boat at Fort Ticon- deroga, on which they may proceed northward, or may return south by rail via Whitehall. In the afternoon the Horicon returns from Baldwin con- necting at Caldwell with train south to the night boats at Troy and Albany. The Ticonderoga (side-wheel steamer), was built at the company's ship yard near the outlet, and launched August 23, 1883. Its dimensions are 172 feet in length over all, 28 feet beam and 9 feet hold. The greatest width at guards is 46 feet, ordinary draft when loaded 4% feet. Its interior finish is of native woods and its general arrangement like that of the Horicon. Captain Richard Arbuckle, com- mander. The Ticonderoga leaves Baldwin at 7:30 in the morning, touching at the principal landings and reaches Caldwell to connect with midday trains for the south. On arrival of trains from the south at about 4:30 P. M., the Ticonderoga returns to Bald- win, touching when required along the way. Fare either boat $1.50. Tickets are good for passage through the lake and return the same day without addition to the price. The Island Queen, a small excursion steamer, trim and fast, built in 1890, makes morning and afternoon trips from Caldwell to Paradise Bay, land- ing at intermediate points. Fare 50 cents. Round trip one dollar. Captain, Everett Harrison; Pilot, Moses Finkle. This boat is 90 feet long, 18 feet beam, 4>^ ^^et draft. Small steamers may be chartered at from $15.00 to $25.00 per day. i8 Lake George. Roads and Drives. — Not alone is Lake George to be enjoyed from the water. Its drives are many and delightful. Livery rigs, luxurious, stylish, and sensible, can be had here at Lake George, at reason- able prices, considering the stock which has to be carried through to accomodate the limited season. The finest are to be found at the stables of H. R. Levens & Co., at the Fort William Henry Hotel, and may be called by telephone from any house about the head of the lake. The most picturesque road, and one in which the lake is the ever-present and ever-varying feature, is along the west shore to Bolton, which may be con tinned up past north-west bay and indefinitely among the mountains beyond. The undesirable feature is its sand, which makes the wheeling heavy a portion of the way, but not to such an extent as to be an unsurmountable objection. Lateral roads lead from this up the western hills and offer a variety of interesting if somewhat laborious ways. The drive along the beach and down the east shore is an interesting one for thcje who enjoy woods and partially cultivated country. It passes by the ruins of Fort George Hotel, Crosbyside and a num- ber of very pretty summer cottages and the Con- vent of the Paulist Fathers, " St. Mary's of the Lake " rising finally to the cleared space around the north side of French Mountain to overlook a great expanse of the lake. A branch road may be fol- lowed along shore to Lake George Park, on Dunman's Bay, notable as the summer place of Edward Eggleston. The drive on the plank road to Warrensburgh, six miles north, where the Schroon River Is crossed, is Lake George. 19 delightful, because of Its shade. The ascent is gradual, rising through a picturesque notch between the mountains by the side of a babbling brook. The road bed is excellent for driving and usually as smooth and hard as an iron-like sand, quarried along the road, can make it. The road to Prospect Mountain and the Mount Ferguson House on one of its summits seen promi- nently at the west, yields an interesting wood and field excursion and a grand prospect when the top is reached. There are two passable ways of reaching it, by the " old road," which is generally preferred, going by the way of the Warrenburgh road to the first toll-gate, thence west around the mountain, ap- proaching the summit point finally from the south- west, by which the ascent is gradual, or by the '' new road," which leads past the old Indian encampment and by a steep but shorter way arrives at the sum- mit from the south. From the observatory here fully one-half of the lake can be seen, and the main peaks of the Adirondacks easily distinguishable by one who knows them by their outlies. Refreshments can be had here, and satisfactory accommodations for those who may wish to stop over night. The most interesting drive, all things considered, of any at Lake George is the plank road south through French Mountain Pass, over the historic - Dark and Bloody Ground " to Glens Falls. FORT Gage stood on the hill that rises west of the road about one mile south and just beyond where the road from Fort George joins the plank road. The lines of earthworks may still be traced through the pines that now cover them. The slope 20 Lake George. was cleared of all timber down to the water's edg-e at the time of Abercrombie's advance in 1758. Bloody Pond is a mile farther, at the left of the road and between it and the railroad. It is simply a stagnant pool that in the early part of the season is nearly covered with lily-pads and great white pond- lilies, and in the summer becomes almost dry. It is said that a party of the French (after driving the English into their fortified camp at Lake George, and being driven back in turn), were seated around the pond at sunset, was partaking of their evening meal, when they were surprised by a party of English ad- vancing from Fort Edward, who poured in upon them a destructive fire. Totally routed, they fled in confusion, leaving their dead and wounded on the field.. The dead were thrown into the pond by the English, their blood turning the water red, from which circumstance it received its name. Williams' Monument is about three milessouth of the lake, and west of the plank road. It is a plain mar- ble shaft, blue and white, standing on a huge bowlder, which is itself inclosed within an iron fence. It was erected in 1854 by the graduates of Williams' College, in memory of the founder of that institu- tion. On it are inscriptions in Latin, to show the learning of those who erected it, and in English, telling what it is all about. From it we learn that it was '^ Erected to the memory of Coud^^l. Ephraim Williams, a native of Newtown, Mass, 2a-c Lake George. who, after gallantly defending the frontier of his native State, served under Ge^ieral Johnson against the French and Indians, and 7iobly fell near this spot, in the bloody conflict of September 8, iJSSi ^^ l^^^ -/^^ year of his age. The old military road ran along on the hill just above this spot, identical Avith the country road that is there now. A little way south of the monument, on this road, inclosed by an iron railing is a rude stone slab, supposed to mark the place where Col. Williams was buried. The stone bears the inscription E. W. 1775. COL. EPHRAIM WILLIAMS. The drive continued south passes French Moun- tain, with its ancient and once celebrated Half-Way House, to Glens Falls, lo miles from Lake George. Glens Falls is the metropolis of Northern New York. It is the market and source of supplies of a large tract of rich, outlying country and of the northern Adirondack Wilderness. It is high and dry and delightful with shaded streets and a core of solid business blocks that rivals the city in appear- ance. It has eight churches ; a union free-school of splendid attainments ; an academy, almost collegiate in its course ; an opera house of fine appearance and appointments ; numerous civic societies of vary- ing objects; a military company (the i8th Separate) of high rank, a salvation army (small, but mighty of voice), electric street cars (running also to Ft. Edward and Sandy Hill), an excellent water system, uniformed police, electric lights, (arc and incandescent) with other modern necessi- ties, and ten thousand inhabitants, who live Lake George. mostly in houses of their own, and who are justly proud of the wide-awake town from which they hail. The place was known to the Indians as " Che-pon- tuc," meaning a difificult place to get around. In 1762 a patent of Queensbury was granted to several of ''our loving subjects" by George III, a large proportion of which patent was purchased by Abra- ham Wing, who erected a grist and saw-mill at the falls. Later, Wing sold his birthright for a mess of pottage — or to speak plainly — transferred his right and title to the name to a Col. Johannes Glenn for the price of a " wine supper" which the latter paid, and the name was changed to " Glenn's " Falls. Of course you did not come to Lake George with- out something extra in your purse and Glens Falls will give you as fair an equivalent for that " extra " as any city in the country. Upwards of 50 stores — some of them models of elegance — supply the visitor with necessary or fancy articles unlimited, and those who may need anything, from an organ to an octo- pus, can usually have their wishes gratified here. To that end you are respectfully referred to the ap- pendix, where almost every branch of trade and in- dustry is represented by the cards of responsible firms. If you would remain over night or for a dinner only, you may find hotels clean, wholesome and at, tractive. The Rockwell House, on Fountain Square, is the leading hotel and recognized as one of the best-kept houses in the State. It is very complete in all its appointments, provides an excellent table, and is thoroughly worthy of the very liberal patron- age it receives. Rates $3 per day, $14 to $21 per week. C. L. Rockwell, proprietor. 22 Lake George. The American Hotel, Monument Square is sub- stantial and well ordered and enjoys a reputation for excellent fare and accommodations equaled by very few of the high priced houses of the country. Free bus to all trains. Rates, $2.00 per day. George Pardo, proprietor. The Van Cott House is on South St. Rates, $2 per day. W. H. Van Cott, ex-County Clerk and good fellow generally, proprie- tor. The Granger house is near the fair ground. Rates, $1.00 per day. _,. Wholesome and specially:gg noted for its jolly pi'o-S^ GLENS FALLS INSURANCK BUILDING. prietor the one, only and original " Marcus." There are other hotels with a well established clientage and at reasonable prices. The Glens Falls Insurance Company, located here, has through its agencies made the name of its birth- Lake George. * 23 place familiar from Maine to Mexico. Organized in 1849, ^^ ^^s attained to national prominence and a reputation as one of the soundest institutions of the kind in existence. As a fact, many a Lake George tourist knows more about this company and its of- ficers than about the beautiful village after which it was named. Its new building just completed on Monument Square is substantial, convenient and be- coming as the headquarters of a prosperous institu- tion that never failed in its obligations and never made a mistake. Such ic its reputation and record. The officers of the company are J. L. Cunningham, president ; R. A. Little, secretary. Joseph Fowler & Co., gives employment to a large number of operatives. The factory on Glen St., between Monument and Fountain Squares is a very bee-hive of industry, well worth inspecting. Here are made all kinds of silk and flannel, satine and plain white shirts with collars and cuffs almost be- yond number. The firm enjoys a reputation among dealers for producing high grade products with a superior finish, the pure soft mountain water with which it is supplied making perfect laundrying a possibility. Van Wagner & Norris, in Opera House Block, make a specialty of fine custom work. Fine flannel and silk goods, neglige shirts and the countless necessa- ries of the well-dressed man, fully equipped for his summer outing can be had here. The firm is re- liable, the work staunch and serviceable. The '* Canopy-top Buckboard," manufactured here, is celebrated from Maine to Mexico. The 24 Lake George. "Time Globe," invented by L. P. Juvet, of this town, is known of scientific men in two hemispheres The Glens Falls Terra-Cotta and Brick Co., a mile north of the village, employ upwards of lOO men in the manufacture of red and buff pressed and molded brick and architectural terra-cotta for exterior and interior ornamentation. They own extensive beds of marl and clay lying near, and a patent process for combining the same in a manner resulting in works of superior beauty and finish. J. M. Coolidge is president of the company, and Charles Scales su- perintendent. Come with me down the Big Hill to the falls, You can see the mists that hang over the gulf and hear the sounds of its waters. Noisy mills now com- pass it about, and the rythmic sob of many saws mingle with its dull roar that never ends. A grace ful new bridge erected by the Berlin Bridge Com- pany, reaches out to the island from the north shore, while a stone arch spans the gulf at the south. At the south end of the long bridge, steps lead down to the flat rock, and near the lower end where it is notched and broken out, you may climb down to the level of the water, and enter the cave made memor- able by Cooper in his " Last of the Mohicans." In the dry season the volume of water is confined within the channels worn deep on either side, or finds its way in rivelets down across the pitted but- tresses of black rock. Here the ledges, which in the spring freshets are covered with a foaming torrent, are worn smooth almost as polished marble. Na'ural stairways lead in places to the top, and at intervals, holes in the rock, round and deep, are filled with wa^er, with, possibly,at the bottom a remnant of the Lake George. 25 stone that under the action of the waters has worn Itself away in vain turnings about in its deepening prison. One of these holes called the " Devirs Punch Bowl," is about six feet in diameter and the same in depth. On either side are saw mills that have contributed to the town's pros- perity, full of life I and action at I times, at others — I and that too often — stilled by sum" I mer's drought or I spring-time flood. ' On all sides are lumber piles. They line the banks of the river away above. They wall in the canal along up to where, at the "Feeder Dam," are more saw mills and more lumber piles It is estimated that the sawing capacity of these mills is 600,000 ^standard logs per annum. This means 120,000,000 feet of lumber, or 30,636^^ miles of boards eight inches wide. If laid end to end they would extend around the earth with a long lap to spare, and in seven years lay a good plank walk 26 Lake George. to the moon, with no end of lath and slabs to throw at erratic asteroids or troublesome comets. The lime business is next in importance to lumber. In quantity manufactured it is equalled in the United States only by Rockland, Me., and in point of quality stands at the head. The best rock yields, when calcined, from ninety-five to ninety- eight per cent, of the purest and whitest lime to be found on the continent. It is used extensively by tanners, bleachers of cotton goods and manufactur- ers of paper, wire, gas, glass, etc. The lime rock is embraced in an area of not more than 250 acres, be- ginning at the head of the falls, and extending in a narrow belt on either side for perhaps near a mile down the river, the strata dipping slightly toward the south, and disappearing under the hill along that side. For a depth of about thirty feet it lies in thin strata, then comes a stratum of grey marble, from two to three feet in thickness, and under this the solid black marble, twelve feet thick. This is almost a pure carbonate of lime ; in its nativ estate of a bluish grey ; calcined, it is whiter than snow. The tunnel on the south side from which the rock has been recently taken extends a considerable • distance into the hill — a vast room with rock-roof, supported by many massive columns, and well worth a visit. Lime was first burned here about the year 1820, by Powell Shaw, then simply for home con- sumption. It was first manufactured and shipped to an outside market (Troy) by K. P. Cool, in 1832. Lime Kilns — clouds by day and pillars of fire at night, are below the falls. They are of the patent or ** perpetual " kind, with a burning capacity Lake George. 27 of 100 barrels each per day Two sets of hands are required to attend to them, the fires running night and day. There are thirty of these lime-kihis. They are well worth visiting. T. S. Coolidge is the general agent. Sub-agents are appointed in the various cities. About 500 men are employed in this industry. The average pro- duction for the past twenty years has been 450,000 barrels per annum, of which 200,000 are shipped annually to New York. The black marble (which is the purest carbonate of lime in the world, with perhaps the exception of the Irish and Belgian marble), in its native state, is of a dark blue; wet, it becomes black ; polished, it shines like jet. Blocks are quarried as large as four feet square and nine feet long. It is sawed into slabs for tiles, table tops, mantels, interior decorations and ornamental work. There are two mills here that saw the stone. See them saw and note how, under dripping water and sand, the toothless saws eat their way through the solid rock. Wood pulp is manufactured in a large mill near the south end of the bridge, and vast quantities of wood that until recently, was considered almost valueless, now find its way in, in logs and comes out in thick sheets to be turned into paper in the ad- joining mill. The paper mill on the south side of the river has the perfected machinery of the day and reels off broad ribbons of, paper a mile or more in length. The kind made is the kind used by the newspapers, and the fact th.it it is used by the Troy Times, the Brooklyn Eaglf and the New York Sun p'-oves its remarkable political flexibility. DOWN THE LAKE. Note. — By aid of accompanying large map, and the outline cuts distributed through the book, the reader should have no difficulty in locating all points of interest seen from the steamboats. Trav- elers from the north should read paragraphs as num- bered in reverse order, beginning at Ticonderoga. "East" and "west" indicate side to look from the channel usually taken by the steamboat. Distances given are air-line distances from Caldwell, unless stated differently. 1. From the south. The outreaching point from the west terminates in Tea Island, about a mile distant (see outline cut) ; over this is Tongue Mountain; a little at the right, the round top of Shelving Rock ; about tw^o miles beyond Tea Island, at the right, is Diamond Island ; beyond this, partially hidden by it, is Long Island ; at its right edge is West Point. About two miles away, on the right, is Plum Point ; on the high ground, a little nearer, the summer place of the Paulist Fath- ers. Still nearer, among the trees, is Crosbyside. Over the beach, at the east, is the Fort George Hotel ; and back toward the south, the ruins of the old fort. Toward the west is Prospect Moun- tain, and at its base along the west shore, is the village of Caldwell, known to the postal department as Lake George. > 2. Tea Island (west) is a little gem of an island, somewhat resembling the crater of an ex:- Down the Lake. tinct volcano, with the rim broken away on the east side, forming a beautiful harbor in miniature. Tradition says Abercrombie buried gold and val- uables here; and a goodly share of the surface has been dug over, at different times, by the treasure seeker — some one suggested that the digging was for fish-worms, but the idea is too absurd to be en- tertained for a moment. The handsome building on the west side, one mile from the depot, is the residence of W. J. Price, of New York. A. D. F. Randolph, poet and publisher, '^as a modest cottage among the trees west of Tea land. Rev. Dr. Butler, of Philadelphia, is near by. 'Iv.v. Dr. Tuttle occupies a cottage near the shore, north of Tea Island. Price Manor, residence of the jate Col. W. W. Price, is on high land, two miles Crom the depot. The octagon building, at the waters edge, is not a light-house. 3. St. Mary's of the Lake (east), a mile north of Crosbyside, in a grove of young trees, is the summer place of the Paulist Fathers. This so- ciety is composed of priests, whose work is chiefly that of missionaries, something akin to that of the old Jesuits. Their convent is in New York, pre- sided over by its founder, the Rev. Father Hecker. The Paulists also own Harbor Island, and camp there a portion of the year. 4. Plum Point (east), a half-mile north of con- vent, received its name, it is said, because of the large quantity of plums raised here. The casual observer will see no plums, and may not see ^he point of this. (Mild joke.) 5. Dunham's Bay opens up on the right. At its head is Lake George Park. Edward Eggleston Down the Lake. 33 the stalwart author, lecturer, and divine, has a cot- tage here. 6. Diamond Island (west), near the centre of the lake and three miles from its head, was so named because of the quartz crystals found upon its surface. It was fortified and used as a military depot by Burgoyne, after his capture of Ticonder- oga in 1777, and the same year was the scene of an engagement between the forces then in possession (the English) and a party of Americans under Col. John Brown, which resulted in the defeat of the lat- ter. In 1820 it was occupied by a family who gained a living by the sale of crystals found there. East of it are two nameless little pyramids of broken rocks, which go to make up the 220 islands of the lake. 7. Cramer's Point (west, 2^ miles from Cald- well). It is said that this was an island, when the islands all belonged to the state ; but a former owner of the adjoining shore looked upon it with longing eyes ; and one night the kind waves, or something equally efficacious, filled up the inter- vening space with earth ; the island and the shore clasped hands across the muddy chasm ; the twain were made one flesh, and no law was found to put them asunder. At the west is the tasteful villa of George H. Cramer, of Troy. 8. The Antlers (west 33^), Jerome Burton, proprietor. Capacity 100. Rates $2 per day ; $8 to $12 per week. P. O., Hill View. House com- pleted and opened for 1891. 9. Reid's Rock is just north of Cannon Point (west, 33^ miles). A man named Reid, whose love for rum had taken him across the lake one stormy 34 Lake George. night in late autumn, was found on this rock, in the morning, frozen stiff, and covered with ice from the dashing spray. 10. Orcut Bay is entered between Reid's Rock and Cannon Point. "The Healing Spring" is just over the ridge, west of this bay, and may be reached alonsg shore from Caldwell. The visitor should see this spring, and talk with its honest, odd owner, *' Uncle Joe," as he is universally called, who has firm faith in the efificacy of the water to cure all the ills that flesh is heir lo. 11. Diamond Point (west 4 miles) comes next The quartz here, like that of Diamond Island, oc- casionally yields very pretty crystals. Sampson Paul, an Indian, who flourished over half a century ago, once killed a panther with a common fishing- spear, here, as the poor brute was coming out of the water benumbed with cold. 12. Diamond Point House (west, 4^ miles), John CooHdge, proprietor. Capacity, about 50. Large boats do ia|ot land. Reached by wagon from Caldwell, or by small steamers. P. O., Hill View. 13. Canoe Islands (west, 4I/2 miles), east of Diamond Point House, about midway between it and Long Island. Here the American Canoe As- sociation was organized in 1880. The islands are owned by N. H. Bishop, and others. 14. Long Island is the largest island at Lake George, being something more than a mile in length. The deed by which it was transferred by King George to private parties, bears date of July 4, 1770. The house near its centre is the summer place of its owner, Dr. D. S. Sanford, of New York. I Lake George. 35 15. Assembly Point (right, 454 miles from Cald- well), known for years as West Point, has been re- christened with a new name as above. The Lake George Assembly, organized in 1888, is an associa- tion owning or controlling about 100 acres of land here. The resident trustee is Dr. D. S. Sanford, and its establishment is due almost entirely to the exertions of that tireless worker, who sums up the objects and aims of the community in a nut-shell, as follows : ^' Its plan is three-fold, — Recreation, Reason, Re- ligion. Its scope is to blend these three R's. While we are recreatingly rusticating we may also reason reasonably and reveal religion in the every- day life. It will attain its end by encouraging everything that is manly, noble and healthful In sport, by interesting lectures from interesting men every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 o'clock, free (never more than an hour in length), and through Sunday services (ii A. M. and 4 P. M.), by eminent divines, stimulate the desire to live a nobler, better and purer life. A number of tents have been provided for rental at reasonable figures. Parties furnishing their own tenting outfits may camp within the grounds at 10 cents per day— children, God bless them ! nothing. A store and restaurant is on the ground — no extortions permitted. Lots are for sale to approved purchasers only, subject to such rules and regulations and restrictions as will best conserve the comfort, happiness and convenience of congenial families that we hope to gather in a homelike colony here, where Mrs. Grundy and other fashionable follies have small part, and where Mrs. Ostentation and Mrs. Extravagance are altogether 36 Lake George. absent. If you are law-abiding, order-loving and Sabbath-respecting, be one of us. If you are not, don't." VIEW NORTH FROM NEAI Dome Island ; 2 South Island ; 3 Shtlvioy^ Rock Mountain ; 4 Long- Island , ' Black Mountain ; 6 Ruck Mountain ; 7 Pilot Mountain ; 8 As embly Point. " The Brooklyn," William M. Frommell, proprie- tor, is at Assembly Point. Rates on application. 16. HORICON Lodge (right, 55^ miles by steamer), George A. Ferris, manager. Capacity 100. $2.00 per day ; $8 to $12 per week, P. O., Clever- dale. 17. Sheldon House (right, 6 miles). Attract- ive grounds. Capacity, 80. Rates not given. 18. East Lake George House, Franklin Gates, proprietor. Landing, Sheldon's Point. Ca- pacity, 60. Rates, $1.50 per day : $7 to $10.00 per week. P. O., Kattskill Bay. 19. Grove Hotel (right, 7 miles), E. Wetmore, proprietor. Capacity 75. $2.00 per day ; $8.00 to $10.00 per week. P. O., Kattskill Bay. Land at Trout Pavilion. Boat or carriage in attendance on arrival of steamer from south. 20. Trout Pavilion (right, 7 miles), John Cronk- hite, proprietor. Capacity 100. Rates, $2 per day; $9 to $12 per week. P. O. address, Kattskill Bay. The accommodations offered are in three buildings, Lake George. 37 the two nearest the lake connected at one corner by their piazzas, which extend on three sides. One building contains parlor, dining-room, &c., the others, private parlors and sleeping rooms. In the inner angle formed by the two, is an open, tree- shaded floor for dancing. Bowling and outdoor Sports have been provided for. The accommoda- tions are good, the table clean, wholesome and abundant. An attractive feature is the boats and the attention given to the legitimate sport of fish- ing. Open June to October. A pretty steam yacht, the "Latona" is here subject to charter at $15,00 per day, $10 for a half day. 21. The Albion is north of the trout Pavilion. Rosa Phelps, proprietor. Capacity 40. Rates $2.00 per day, $10.00 to $12.00 per week. Mayflower Cot- tage, still further north. Is a private boarding house, capacity, 30. 22. Kattskill House is on the high terraced bank at the north dock, shaded by a thrifty grove of birches. Capacity about loO guests. Rates, $2.00 per day ; $10.00 to $12.00 per week. Open from June 15th to October. A. P. Scoville, pro- prietor. The post-oflice (Kattskill Bay) is located here and a wire connecting with the Western Union telegraph is in the office. Good fare is furnished and an excellent patronage held here. 23. Elizabeth Island appears as a point of the shore north of the Kattskill House.* The Man_ hattan Club, composed of graduates of New York College, make it their summer camp ground. 24. Pilot Mountain (right, 7 miles, air line from Caldwell), is nearly sharp at its summit, de- scends steeply to the lake at points-where we lately j'iici«ii?C'«n| Lake George. 39 touched, and further away, at the south, slopes gently down to the fertile vale of Harrisena. 25. Buck Mountain (right, 9 miles) is a grand rocky, round-featured mountain, along the east, ris- ing 2,000 feet above the lake. It is sparsely wooded at the summit. This, with Pilot Mountain on the south, is locally known as the deer pasture. Phelps' Point is at the lake, a little south of the highest part of Buck Mountain. A passable road leads out along shore to the Kattskill House. 26. Marion House (west side, 5^ miles from Caldwell), D. W. Sherman, proprietor ; H. L. Sher- man, manager. Capacity 400. Rates, $3.50 per day ; $14 to $25 per week. Recent additions have made this one of the largest houses at the lake. It has been remodeled from office to attic. Its public rooms are spacious, delightfully open to the air, richly furnished through- out, and contain many unconventional appliances that tend to enjoyable ease. It is lighted with gas throughout, and heated by steam. Its sleeping rooms are large, furnished modestly but with excel- lent material, and supplied with superior beds. An elevator renders all floors almost equally convenient and leaves little choice in rooms, unless there are preferences in points of compass. Electric bells' communicate between guests' rooms and the office, and a wire from the office connects with the Western Union Telegraph. The sanitary conditions are pro- nounced perfect. Soft, sweet water is brought to the house through pipes, from a spring on the west mountain. All steamboats from north and south land at the dock. A feature of the table supplies is 40 Lake George. the butter and milk, from a herd of Jerseys belong- ing to the Marion farm. The grounds surrounding the Marion are exten- sive and attractive. It has the advantage of ap- proach by land, as the picturesque road from Cald- well runs along the shore, past the house. Back of the house are rugged bluffs, and forests almost as wild as they were a hundred years ago. The views of the lake are broad and far-reaching. Livery rigs of standard excellence can be had at established prices. A feature here not common to the Lake George hotels is the tally-ho coach, " Marion," on which, a moonlight dash along shore with a select party, or a trip over the mountains, represents the acme of rare coaching experience, and more fun than an old-fashioned trip across the continent. The Marion is an exceptionally attractive place. The Agawam which stood on the shore of the bay a half mile north of the Marion was destroyed by fire in 1890. 27. Victoria Lodge (East, ^y. M.), John W. Harris, proprietor. Address at Kattskill Bay, for particulars. 28. Dome Island (East, 9 miles), near the cen- tre of the lake, next claims our attention as being the highest of Lake George's 220. Seen from the north and south, it has the appearance of a huge emerald dome, somewhat flattened, but bearing enough of the appearance to justify the name- This island was purchased from the State in 1856, for $100. 29. Recluse Island (west), is just west of Dome, our course taking us between the two. Pliny T. Sexton of Palmyra, owner. "This island was the Lake George. 41 subject of the earthquake hoax of 1868, when it was reported in the New York papers as being sunk 80 feet below the surface. A graceful bridge con- nects it with what was once known as Sloop Island. Belvoir Island is west of Recluse Island, and is the property of Rev. Geo. W. Clow, of White Plains. 30. Lake View House, R. J. Brown, proprie- tor. Capacity, 100. Rates, $3 per day ; $12 to $15 per week. P. O., Bolton. This house has earned for itself that unfailing sign of approval — the re- peated return of old guests to familiar rooms and places, their number aug- mented annually by new friends and kindred spirits. The view is unsurpassed for quiet beauty, as re- vealed in retreating head- land, pretty grouping of island forms and the lovely gate-like openings of the distant Narrows, with giant Black Moun- tain beyond. Mr. iirown makes a very pleasant landlord, agree- able and obliging. The grounds around the Lake View are pleasant, and the effort has been quite suc- cessfully made of leaving nature's perfect work un- touched while relieving it of unsightly objects, and making all parts trim and accessible. There are de- t iched buildings here for bowling and billiards, open space for croquet and tennis, retired walks, cozy seats and pleasant outlooks. A pleasant addition is the detached building- back am oner the trees con- Lake George. 43 taining a large room for general assembly, hops, etc. A " dark room " on the grounds is a convenience that is appreciated by amateur photographers. A steam catamaran, built under Mr. Brown's direction plys between the house and Bolton Landing, about a mile distant, transferring guests of the house and baggage free. South of Lake View House is Concordia Bay, so names from the fact that its shores have been a favorite camping ground of the Union College boys. The attractive cottage on the point beyond, overlooking the lake from its rocky perch and ap- propriately called " Buena Vista " was built in 1889 by Robert C. Alexander of the New York bar. He is the owner of the tract which forms the entire west shore of Huddle Bay, and extends back to the highway running from Caldwell to Bolton. Exten- sive improvements have recently been made on this property in clearing up, opening drives and vistas, and laying out the lake frontage into cottage sites. On one of these, northward from Buena Vista, Rev. J. D. Kennedy of Brooklyn, is building a handsome cottage, which will be ready for occupancy during the present season. Charles Dudley Warner is on record as saying this is one of the most exquisite spots on Lake George. 32. Locust Grove is back at the northwest of the Lake View House. Capacity 75. Rates, $2.cx) per day, $9.00 to $15.00 per week. George R. Fish, proprietor. The handsome villa back of the bay indenting the shore north of the Lake View, with statues dis- tributed about the ample lawn, is the summer place of William B. Bement, of Philadelphia. i Lake George. 45 33. Mohican House, E. B. Winslow, proprie- tor. Capacity 100. Rates, $3.50 per day, $12.00 to $ 20. 00 per week. Free transfer of guests and bag- gage to steamboat. Open the year round. P. O., Bolton. This is one of the desirable houses of Lake George and has been noted for years as the resort of people of culture and refinement. There is no os- tentatious display but on the contrary it seems to withdraw from the public gaze and seclude itself among the trees and flow- ers that deck the lake front. The lawn is shaded by locusts and maples, and the long point protected by an expensive sea-wall terminating at the sub- stantial dock where the little steamers land — a fa- vorite place with guests who can here catch delicious whiffs of the faintest breath that may be stirring across the lake. This was once the main landing for Bolton, with the ** line boat " coming and going, but the runners and guests from other houses, and travelers passing over the grounds, made it too public a thoroughfare for those who here sought quiet and rest, and a public dock w^as built in the bay at the north that might accom- modate all the hotels of that section. The house is a long, low, rambling structure after the southern style, with piazzas facing the lake and extending along its south side. The trees pres? their heavy tops against it, effectually shading it frorr. the too ardent rays of the sun. but underneath the 4.6 Lake George. wind can pass freely and the views of the lake are interfered with scarcely at all. The parlor and din- ing room afford space for general assembly and t'here are neat, cozy sleeping rooms, nicely furnished with choice of ground or second floor. Such as may want greater seclusion than the main building affords can find spacious and desirable quarters in the cottage on the shore of the lake at the north, while toward the west is a newer and larger building with supe- rior furnishings and equipment. The table and service is excellent — neat, clean and appetizing, and in its dainty niceness very attractive to the refined taste, and yet the lusty ones with nat- ural appetites sharpened by boating excursions or in tramps among the picturesque hills, find an abun- dance that should satisfy the most ravenous. For amusement, croquet grounds are laid out under the trees, while lovers of tennis or polo, or the national game, find space on the level grounds at the west. The roads of Bolton are varied and pictur- esque, and those who enjoy riding or driving can se- cure means for the pleasure here. For boating or fishing, a fleet of lake boats dancing on the water south of the point invites attention, and guides and fishermen stand ready for service. Here also is one of the finest bathing beaches on the lake with sandy bottom sloping gradually out into deep water, and roomy bath-houses fitted with every convenience. From the tribe of Uncas came the name, and on the tall flag-staff that stood out on the point for many years stood a wooden warrior defying sun and storm, and his silhouette as it was reared against the bright sky is to-day the totem of the modern " Mo- hican." Lake George. 47 The legends of the place are many. One is of a beautiful Indian girl who was brought a prisoner from the shores of the Great North Lakes by the Mohicans in one of their periodical war raids through " The Lake that is the Gate of the Country." Arrived at their village here, a young chief, the pride of the nation, gazed into the stranger's dark eyes and was made captive by her grace and beauty. He would have taken her to his wigwam in preference to any maiden of his own tribe but the old women of the nation had chosen for him another bride, and when he again went on the war-path, and the cruel old men and women only were in possession of the camp, it was decreed that the daughter of the northern tribe should die. They bound her to the stake, piled faggots high around her slight form and the fire was lighted, but as the crackling flames curled upward, a supernatural figure that shone like a blazing comet — stronger than a buffalo and swift as the wind — swept through the circle, scat- tered the blazing brands like playthings right and left, and seizing the willing captive, dashed out again before the awe-struck crowd had recovered from their terror. Running through the growing corn to the middle of the field at the west he sprang to the top of a large stone, and from it flew upward with his burden, over the hills, and the girl was never seen more. Curiously enough also the young brave came not back with his party. He had vanished out of their life. But thereafter, at every coming of the tasseled corn, some warrior of the tribe was slain by a mysterious being who came out from dark Oulusca — '^ The Place of Shadows " west of the frreat peaks — a warrior who shone like the fox-fire of the 48 Lake George. lowlands and whose cunning and might were beyond the power of human brave. The body of his victim was always found lying across the stone from which the stranger sprang over the hills, and the blood- stains on it took the shape of picture-writing where the people read their fate ; for the Great Spirit had decreed that for every fire-touched hair of the maiden's head a Mohican brave must die, until the tribe should be no more. As proof, the rock still lies in the field west of the house, and the old gardener, Franz Richter, points out the footprints of the mysterious fire-chief, the blood-stains of the victims that were afterward of- fered up ; of Indian faces and forms ; of animals and birds and flowers and growing trees. See Franz and hear the story from his lips of the *' Sacrificial Stone " of the Mohicans. 1 2 3 4 5 BOLTON BAY FROM THE NORTHEAST. I Lake View House ; 2 Mohican House ; 3 Steamboat Dock ; 4 Bolton House ; 5 Church of St. Sacrament. North of Mohican Point is the old ** line " boat landing. North of this the pretty cottage occupied during the season by James Palmenter, the Cran- berry King, of Chicago. Toward the northwest on a rocky bluff is the church of St. Sacrament (Episco- palian), its bell in front in a small tower by itself. 35. Bolton Landing is 9^ miles north of Caldwell. The line boats land regularly here to re- ceive and deliver mail. Lake George. 49 I The Bolton House, standing back a little way from the landing, will accommodate 100. Rates, $3 per day ; $10 to $15 per week. John Vandenbergh proprietor. West of the landing is the Roman Catholic Church. A Baptist Church is at the hamlet of Bolton Landing, a quarter-mile further north. Here also are the Stewart and Goodman houses — places of good repute and moderate prices. Back of the ornate balustrade along shore north is Ga- nouskie Cottage, belonging to Ezra Benedict, of New York. The large, red-roofed house with glass sum- mer-house attached north of the Pine grove is occu- pied by R. W. Wilson, local manager for Commo- dore Simpson. Then comes a red structure with tall, round tower, belonging to E. B. Warren, and occupied by his fisherman *' Alex " Taylor. 36. Hotel FenmORE is at the west end of the long bridge that connects Green Island with the main land. Capacity 20. The red building on the heights beyond belongs to Mrs. Putnam. Farther north is the summer residence of George W. Silcox. SOUTH FROM THE SAGAMORE DOCl- I Dome Island; 2 Elizibeth Islani ; 3 Kattskill Bay; 4 Long Isi lal ■ ? French Mountain ; 6 Recluse Island; 7 Canoi Islands; 8 Belvoir Island" The Sagamore (on Green Island, west, 9^ miles), M. O. Brown, proprietor. Price of Board, $3,50 to $4.00 per day; $17.50 to $25.00 per week, 50 Lake George. according to time and season. Open June 20th to October. The hotel stands among the trees at the south end of the island, flanked by handsome, modern cottages. The style is that popularly sup- posed to belong to the sixteenth century. The cluster which may be considered the hotel proper is built at varying levels, delightfully, uncertain of number, picturesque and pleasing, connected by open corridors with charming outlooks; its varied porticoes, balconies and gables admirably displayed in colors that harmonize well with their native sur- roundings. Its interior finish is plain, but rich and substantial, showing massive beams, fireplaces of ar- tistic designs in terra cotta, tinted walls and joiner 8 SOUTH KAST FROM SAGAMORK DOCK. I BkW Mo':nin • ? Pilot Mountain : 3 Dome Islrtnl. 4 Katisk.ll Bay work in native woods. The main hall and ofifice and the principal parlors are on the main floor, look- ing out upon a velvety lawn with flower bordered walks sloping under the trees and revealing delight- ful vistas of lake and islands beyond. The line steamers land on every regular trip through the lake, connecting with the trains at each end. The accom- modations and general management of the Saga- more are of the best. Of the attractive cottages along shore on either side the one nearest the dock on the west, ''Bellevue," is occupied by Gen. Robert Lenox Banks of Albany. I Lake George. 51-A The next, " Nirvana," is the summer place of J. B. Simpson, Jr., of New York, vice-commodore of the Lake George Yacht Club. East, and nearest the dock is the cottage of George Burnham, and beyond it the turreted '* Vapanak " belonging to E. B. War- ren — each a study architecturally and all charmingly picturesque. From the Sagamore dock, the boat runs almost due east toward the entrance to the Narrows, about two miles distant. 38. Crown Island (west, 10 miles), owned by G. M. Dilly, of Palistine, Texas, and for sale, is a short distance beyond the Sagamore landing. North i 2 H •» h 6 7 TZ^^^;^ ^— Z^ .. - . '^^^^y^'ii^^^^i^^ THE NARROWS FROM THB SAGAMORK DOCK. I Cr wn Isl ind ; i N-^rthwest JJay ; ^ Tnnfrne \^o\i■ \ \ ; 4 Black Mountain " . - ■ .-bu.-, : 7 Slul/..!; Iv jck MountHiu. - F< le T<=l^n.i -6 .It. West Bay (or " Ganouskie " as the Indians called it) extends northward about four miles beyond Crown Island. 39. Oahu Island (west, ii miles), is the prop- erty of Gen. P. F. Bellinger, of Elizabeth, N. J. Gen. Bellinger occupies the cottage toward the south, while the one near the north end is the sum- mer place of J. W. Moore, Chief Engineer U. S. Navy. 40. Tongue Mountain rises rugged and broken, west of the Narrows, and, sloping gradually south- ward, terminates in Montcalm Point, owned by Mr. J. Buchanan^ Henry. West of the mountain is 5I-B Lake George. Northwest Bay. " Green Oaks," the summer place of E. Corning Smith, of Albany, is on Turtle Island, lying northeast of Montcalm Point. 41. The Kenesaw (East, ii miles from Cald- well), is on Fourteen Mile Island, H. H. Van Ara- nam, proprietor. Capacity lOO. Rates, $2.50 per day ; $10 to $15 per week.- The house, without making any pretentions to architectural beauty, is cozy, convenient and comfortable. Its piazzas and numerous summer houses scattered about the island are attractive and suggestive of good times. Why called Fourteen Mile Island the oldest in- habitant does not pretend to say. It is presumed however, that fourteen miles was the estimated dis- tance from Fort William Henry, before actual measurement demonstrated it to be less. The island has an area of twelve acres, portions of which are exti»««iely picturesque in combination of rock and soil, and with fine specimens of oak, chestnut and Norway pine. Its shores are rocky and broken Lake George. 51-c in some places, in others rounding smoothly over into the deep water, with huge, lichen-covered boulders, smooth, rocky floors carpeted with thick mosses, and hollows filled with waving ferns. Its varied features have made it a favorite resort with artists, who here found fitting studies for every variety of mood. On the east, separating it from the mainland, is a narrow and deep channel, through which the largest steamers can pass. Here is another dock where ex- cursion steamers land. Hen and Chickens at the south is a pretty group of islands, on one of which Delavan Blood- good, surgeon U. S. N., has built picturesquely after the fashion of an East Indian bungalow. Following along the rocky shore south of Four- teen Mile Island you find many pretty bays and headlands. At one point a little brook makes out over a beach. If you will enter the sandy gate you find yourself within one of the most charming thicket-guarded bays on the lake. Alighting where a noisy brook tumbles in, at its head, and following up a little way, you will be rewarded by the sight of a perfect little gem, called Shelving Rock Falls. 42. The Hundred Island House (right, 11 54; miles from Caldwell), R. G, Bradley & Co., proprie- tors. Capacity 100, Rates, $2.50 and $ 3 per day ; $10 to $17.50 per week. P. O., Shelving Rock. Picturesque, and with pictures on every side, this sec tion is a favorite among artists, the lovely grouping of the islands and the grand lines of the surround- ing mountains affording beautiful studies from this point. En passant^ the house has a convenient dark The Hundred Island House. 53 room, fitted up for the accommodation of those who " press the button " whether they " do all the rest " or leave it for others to do. The location is capital for a summerhouse, afford- ing a protected harbor for small boats, a new dock easy of approach for large. It is built in the most substantial manner possible, and with a degree of finish seldom applied to hotels designed simply for summer occupancy. The table is exceptionally wholesome, and ^ served in an at- tractive manner. VLi liffillSlPBif' -*r' HUNDRED ISLAND HOUSE. 'Hp^-^}f Fresh milk and vegetables come from the farm belonging to the house. The post- ofifice — " Shelving Rock " — is in the hotel ofifice, , and the telegraph is close by. I A stairway leads up to the sightly observatory, h from which the roof may be gained, and a view ob- tained that has hardly its equal anywhere on the lake, showing the broad, open water toward the south and west, the hundred islands of the Narrows, and the lake stretching away to Sabbath Day Point at the north. 54 Lake Geokge. The Pearl Point House is one of the leading hotels of the Lake. Its furniture and appointments are liberal and complete in all respects. Rambling, quaint and profusely ornate in architectural design, the buildings attract much attention and admiration. Nestling amid abundant shade trees, surrounded by piazzas, with tasteful, elaborate and admirably kept grounds, little imagination is required to invest the place with unusual interest. Including two hand- some cottage buildings, or dormitories, the estab- lishment affords accommodations for one hundred and fifty guests. From its opening, in 1876, it has been exceedingly well managed, and has secured a permanent reputation and patronage of superior character. It is conducted on strict temperance principles, and on that account has peculiar attrac- tions to many. The location in the Narrows, faced and flanked by " The Hundred Islands," on account of the shelter afforded by the islands, make boating delightful in any state of the wind, while the fishing of the neigh- borhood is excelled nowhere on the Lake. That both may be enjoyed without stint, the proprietor makes a special feature of his boat livery, having provided a numerous and really elegant fleet of boats of various styles and sizes, suitable for every requirement, all equipped with the best in the way ■ of oars, cushions, etc. Telegraph wires and daily mail-s enable guests to communicate readily with the outer world. D. W. Sherman, proprietor. Rates $3.50 per day, $12.00 to $21.00 per week. The Narrows. Ranger Island is west of Pearl Point The prettj cottage with sharp peaked tower belongs to a de- voted disciple of old Isaac Walton, Justice F. E. Ranger, of Glens Falls. Next at the north ifi Juanita Island, where the Bullard Brothers — and sisters — come every summer. The "Glen Club" — com- posed of some of the solid men of Glens Falls, and commonly called the cold water club, for obvi- ous reasons — become boys again every year on th« i'^and north of Juanita. Phantom Island is next, with its attractive cottage and tastefully decorated summer houses and grounds It is owned and occupied during the summer by Hon. Jerome Lapham, of Glens Falls. It was for- merly the home of " the hermit," J. Henry Hill, who came here in 1870, built the house and occu- pied it alone until 1876, when he was adjudged insane, and removed temporarily to an asylum, where he soon recovered. He belonged to a family of artists, and was himself one of considerable abil- ity — his professed object here being the study of nature. Gem Island and cottage, northeast from Phantom, is where another solid Glens Falls club '* receives," during the season. Gravelly Island is the nearest large island toward the north from Pearl Point. Over under the west shore is Turtle and Phelps* Islands. Camp Colvin, on the latter, belongs to a Glens Falls man — in fact GlensvilHans have pre- empted a considerable portion of this attractive group of islands, and still cry for more. Lake George. Burnt Island is the largest of the Hundrea island group, and occupies a central position toward the north. On it half wild goats have for several years lived and bred. As-You-Were Island is the last of the group near the west shore. t ^ t ^ KAftBOB \i. rwCTWc Ewnwr ixiAiBt poiUBBfl fmm Little Harbor Island, east of the last named has on its north border one of the curious holes in the rock supposed by some to have been the work of the aborigines. Fork Island, its shape suggesting the name, terminates the cluster at the northeast. Paradise Point, a beautiful peninsula — site of a proposed hotel colony — extends from the east shore, separating Red Rock Bay on the south from Para- dise Bay on the north, the latter guarded by a cluster of very pretty islands. There are others, a multitude of them, some rising abruptly from the depths, moss-draped and thicket- crowned, while others only see the light when the water sinks to its lowest level. All around are treacherous shoals and reefs, and when the light is .right and the water rough, you may see the surface checked and spotted by the bright green that marks :.their position, while the little steamer, with many i graceful turn, threads the labyrinth as the verdant gateways open and close along her course. Lake George. 57 French Point projects from the west shore, 13 miles north of Caldwell. The shore here is rueffed and broken, running in places straight up from the water, Tongue mountain rising sheer from the little plateau. The Sherman House that stood here was burnt to the ground at the close of the season of 1889. Black Mountain stands on our right, the mon- arch of the lake stretching away to the north, seem- ing to recede as we approach and trav.el with us, its granite crest lifted over two thousand feet above us, its rocky sides seamed and scarred and reddened by fires that have swept over it in times past. A senti- nel, It seems, overlooking the whole lake and moun- tains round about ; the first to welcome the rising sun, and at evening, glowing in the splendor of the dying day, while the valleys below are misty with the shadows of coming night. From its summit, 2,661 feet above tide, and 2,315 above Lake George, nearly the entire lake may be seen. To the north is Lake Champlain ; at the east lie the Green Moun- tains; on the west and north the Adirondacks rise one above another, while away toward the south, like a thread of silver, stretches the mighty Hudson. Don' t forget to take an extra blanket or heavy shawl if you make the ascent, — and don't forget the luncheon. Horicon Pavilion, which stood on the cleared space southwest of Black Mountain called Black Mountain Point, was destroyed by fire April 2 1st, 1889. It was a poem in wood and stone, a work of art that seemed here a part of nature's self. From this point an excellent road ascends to the top of Black Mountain. '^ I I Lake George. 59 Half Way Isle is under the west shore, the centre of a circle, of which the circumference is the rim of a mountain that rises, amphitheater-like, around its western side. As its name indicates, it marks the centre of the lake. The " Three Sirens," lovely and inviting, but surrounded by dangerous shoals and reefs, are out in the middle of the lake nearly opposite Halfway Island. Hatchet Island is one of the same chain; the derivation of the name is unknown, but tradition connects it with a good little boy who couldn't tell 9 lie. One Tree Island It fe just outside the channel The stump is all that remains of that "one tree." Floating Battery is north of One Tree Island, the southernmost large island of a group lying along the east shore, opposite the highest point of Black Mountain. In the little bay on its south margin is the remains of what is said to be one of the two "castles," floating batteries, or gunboats, built to accompany Abercrombie down the lake in his ad- vance on Ticonderoga, in 1758. The name is some- times applied to the entire group, as it stretches along shore. Mother Bunch is the name given to the north- ernmost member of the group, because, it Is said, of a fancied resemblance between a portion of the island and an old woman; it is a beautiful tribute to the memory of the old lady any way, while the classic elegance and appropriateness of the name only fell Thb Harbor Islands. short of absolute inspiration in that it was not advanced a step farther to ** Grandmother" Bunch, and done with it The Gives Rock is a solid wall, breaking off perpendicularly ft-om the mountain slope on the right, north of Mother Bunch; water constantly drips over its face, and cives, a species of garlic growing in tufts, and liked as a relish by some, spring spontane- ously from its fissures ; the largest boat can be laid up along side of this rock in still weather. A venera- ble landmark, known to have been there sixty-five years, is an old stub, projecting a Httle above the sur- face, and swaying about just outside the usual course of the steamer; below the portion that has been worn down by the ice it is four feet in diameter, its point downward, and supposed to be anchored in the bottom of the lake. The water here is seventy feet in depth. The Harbor Islands are near the center of the lake, the west channel passing close by their western border ; they are owned by the Paulists, who received a title to them from the State, in 1872, and who occupy them occasionally as a camping place. The group is the first of any considerable size on the west side, north of the Narrows, and was once the scene of one of the bloodiest engagements in the history of the lake. On the 2 5 th of July, 1757, a party of between three and four hundred English, command- ed by GoL John Parker, left Fort William Henry, and under cover of the darkness proceeded rfown the Lake George. oi lake on a scout. When near this place, at dawn of the next morning, dark objects shot out from among the islands and the surrounding gloom to meet them, while the savage war-whoop sounded on all sides. As the yelling horde advanced the English became panic-stricken and sought safety in flight. But their clumsy barges were no match for the light canoes of the enemy. Some threw themselves into the lake and succeeded in reaching the shore, there to be pursued and struck down by the savages. One hundred and thirty-one of the English were killed outright, twelve escaped, and the rest were taken prisoners. Of the latter. Father Roubaud, a Jesuit priest, says in his " Relations " : '' The first object which presented itself to my eyes on arriving there was a large fire, while the wooden spits fixed in the earth gave signs of a feast — indeed, there was one taking place. But oh, Heaven, what a feast ! The remains of the body of an Englishman were there, the skin stripped off and more than one-half of the flesh gone. A moment after I perceived these inhuman beings eat, with famishing avidity, of this human flesh ; I saw them taking up this detestable broth in large spoons, and, apparently, without being able to satisfy themselves with it ; they informed me that they had prepared themselves for this feast by drinking from skulls filled with human blood, while their smeared faces and stained lips gave evidence of the truth of the story." The good father attempted to reason with them, but to no avail. One said to him : " Vou have French taste ; I have Indian ; this food is good for me'' of- fering at the same time a piece of the human flesh to the horrified priest. Lake (jbo&gb. ** Captain Sam " Vicar's Island is just north of the Harbor Islands Here, on its northern border, an affecting incident transpired once, of which Captain Sam Patchen, who lived at Sabbath Day Point at the time, was tne hero. One winter's day he conceived the idea of sailing his grist to Bolton mill on the ice. So, piling the bags of grain into the old cutter, with a pitchfork, held firmly in his hands, for a rudder, ho hoisted sail and sped away before a stronc: north wind 1 ne ice was **glare," and the cutter sailed well — remarkably well ; but there was not so much cei- tainty about the satisfactory behavior ot the stecr- mg apparatus. The old man, it is said, was given to spiritual things occasionally, and had, on this occasion, evidently hoisted in rather too much r)?c in the Uquid form to conduce to the safe transporta- tion of that in the baes. The craft insisted on Lake George. 63 heading directly for the island, and could not be diverted from its course — it was of the kind called "jumper" — a mettlesome old jumper at that, and the captain had a great deal of confidence in its ability to do whatever it undertook. So he decided to jump the island. He tried it. It was not, strictly speaking, a success. The cutter reached the shore, and paused against a rock, but Sam was anxious to get along, and continued on with the bags and finally brought up in a snow-drift. Captain Sam was always dignified, and on this occasion it is said his manner of resting on that snow-drift was remarkably impressive. Even the snow felt moved, and the island itself was touched, and when he came out and set his radiant face home- ward he was not a Sam of joy or a Sam of thanks- giving, but a Sam abounding in language that would set a mule driver up in business, and bring despair to the boss canvasman of any circus traveling. Deer's Leap Mountain is on the west, a little way north of^ Vicar's Island. The top is rounded, the side facing the lake a perpendicular wall of rock. at its foot are great fragments of rock that have fallen from time to time, and said to be a favorite resort for the rattlesnake. Once on a time a buck pursued by hunters, was driven to the brow of the precipice, a pack of yelling hounds close at his heels. " Not the least obeisance made he ; Not a minute stopped or stayed he— but leaping fearlessly, far out over the giddy height, was impaled on the sharp point of a tree below. Hulett's Landing (east, 18 miles from Cald- well), Henry W. Buckell, manager. Capacity, 125. Rates, $2.50 per day ; $9 to $14.00 per week. Open June to November. P. O., Hulett's Landing. 64 Lake George. The surroundings are exceedingly wild and inter- esting. The plan for the entertainment of guest? is of a central building containing the general ofifice, with post and telegraph ofifices, a second containing assembly, and music rooms ; a third with the dining- room, kitchen, etc., connected with the first by a picturesque covered walk, and several detached cottages that may be rented by families or assigned to guests in common with the rooms in the main building. Steamers land going each way. It can be reached also via Chubb's Dock on the D. & H. R. R., 5 miles east. A wagon road has been made from this point to within a mile of the top of Black Mountain. Meadow Point is north of Hulett's on the same shore. A cluster of pretty cottages here, fitted up with neccessary conveniences may be rented with or without board. Here Cyrus Butler hoped to es- tablish a summer school of music, painting and botany but in his death the enterprise lost its in- spiration and *' Horicon " an ardent admirer. He was one of the most lovable of men, a sympathic friend and a generous enthusiast whose benefactions were limited only by his means as many a struggling genius can mournfully attest. Hog's Back is the rugged mountain back of Meadow Point. Near its highest point Putnam and Rogers once came upon an Indian encampment, and, after the heroic manner of warfare in those days, left none to tell the tale. Illustrative of the brutal nature of the man and the spirit of retaliation which to some seemed to justify the most cruel measures, Rogers, it is said, killed an Indian baby by dashing Lake George. 65 its brains out against a tree, and when remonstrated with by Putnam said, '* It's a nit and will be a louse if I let it." The red-roofed, Swiss-like building, on a point be- yond Meadow Point, is the summer place of De Lorm Knowlton, of New York. North of Hog's Back stretches Spruce Mountain — strikingly bold and precipitous. ROGER S ROCK. ANTHONY'S NOSE. SABBATH DAY PT ODEL I. BLUFF HEAD. Bluff Head is the long point extending out from the east shore. Th t late Rev. A. D. Gillette, D. D., for many years pastor of Calvary Church, New York, made this his summer home. His widow and sons. Dr. Walter R. and David G. Gillette have cottages here now. From Hulett's Landing, we run diagonally across the lake to Sabbath Day Point, about two miles dis- SHKLVING ROCK. TONGUE MT. DEER S LEAP. tant. As we draw near to the dock glance back- ward toward Black Mountain. Note how the old giant asserts his supremacy, rising up and o'er top- ping his less stately supporters. A little further along and he is again the stately centre of the pict- ure 66 Lake George. The Elephant stands back there at the north end of Black Mountain. See his well-formed head toward the west ; his eye, and the rift that marks the outline of his massive jaw ; the wrinkled neck and great round back, with scattered bristles of dead pines clearly defined against the sky beyond. Sugar Loaf Mountain is over at the left of the Elephant. Its summit, viewed from a little distance north of Sabbath Day Point, looks very like a pig lying down, with his sharp nose pointing east. These animals were, undoubtedly, a part of the lot created *Mn the beginning." Twin Mountains are seen in the southwest from Sabbath Day Point. The southernmost one is the Deer's Leap, the other locally known as Bloomer Mountain. TWIOIOUNTAWS: Sabbath Day Point (west, about 1914 miles from Caldwell). Capacity, 2$, P.O., Sabbath Day Point- F. A. Carney, Proprietor. Sabbath Day Point has been the scene of mar.v stirring incidents in the history of Lake George. It commands the approach by water on either hand, and would naturally be selected for a camping place by parties who had reason to expect an enemy near. Here, in 1756, a body of provincials, under Putnam and Rogers, repulsed a superior force of French and Indians ; and on the 5th of July, 1758, Abercrombie, Lake George. dy with his splendidly equipped army of over fifteen thousand men, landed for rest and refreshment, remaining until near midnight, when he moved down the lake, leaving immense fires burning, to give his watchful enemy the impression that he was still there. In September of the following year Gen. Amherst, with twelve thousand men, drew his boats up on the sandy beach west of the house, and passed the Sabbath with appropriate religious ceremonies. To this circumstance is sometimes ascribed the name, although it had been called Sabbath Day Point for some years before. It is said also, but on doubtful authority, that an engagement occurred here in 1776 between fifty Americans and a force of tories and Indians, resulting in the defeat of the latter. In 1765, eleven years before the engagement spoken of, we find record of a house here, occupied by one Samuel Adams. In 1798, Capt. Sam Patchen (hero of the cutter ride to Vicar's Island) built a log-house near the ^ite of the present building, since which the Point has never been without its resident family, The late owner of the Point, also named Sam — Capt. Sam Westurn, lived here for many years, a genial pleasant companion. The place is very homelike, wholesome and pleasant. The Indian Kettles, at the edge of the water on the bay north of the Point, are good specimens of rock boring — but you wonder whence the grinding power that should create them — by the side of quiet water. Grace Memorial Chapel was erected here in 1885 in memory of the wife of Mr. Norman Dodge, daughter of Rev. A. D. Gillette, D.D. It cost Lake George. 69 about $7,000, contributed by the New York families who had made this place their summer home. On the west shore south of Sabbath Day Point are summer cottages severally owned in the order here given, by J. M. Jackson, J. J. Wilson, W. H. Van Cott and Rev. A. H. McKinney. On the point north of the steamboat landing is the summer place of J. F. Chamberlain Esq., of New York. A mile further north are the cottages of Rev. C. F. Hage- man, Rev. D. B. Wyckoff and Dr. Landon. Silver Bay (landing, telegraph and post office, west 22 miles from Caldwell) J. J. Wilson, pro- prietor. Capacity, 75. Rates $10 to $15 according to room. The house is a little distance back from the lake to which the land slopes easily, looking, with its surrounding buildings like a little village. It has its own post office called "Silver Bay" in com- mon with the charming harbor near by. It is sup- plied with the necessary conveniences insuring com- fort and furnishes admirable quarters and fare. Boating, bathing and fishing facilities are ample for all the acquatic needs and pleasures of guests. For hunting and climbing among the western hills — which stretch so invitingly along parallel with the lake and up which, back of the house run paths like network over the open space— nature has presum- ably supplied all that may be considered necessary, or if not it takes but little time here in the gloriously bracing air of Lake George, to get the requisite energy and strength, and the exhilaration of the climb and the beautiful views to be had when on its summit, or the game found in its depths, well repays one for the exertion, 70 Lake George. Scotch Bonnet, four miles north of Sabbath Day Point, is a flat rock, lying west of the channel, and but a little above the surface. It was so called because of the resemblance which a cedar tree, that once grew on its surtace, bore to a bCotch cap or 3 4 5 67 6OUTH FROM NEAR HAGUE. I Sugarloaf Mt. ; 2 Black Mt.; 3 Odel Is.; 4 Bluff Head ; 5 Hulett's Landing; 6 Sabbath Day Point ; 7 Slim Pt.; 8 Scotch Bonnet. *' bonnet." The '* Umbrella Tree " stands on the point near by, beyond which as the steamer rounds into the western bay is seen Hague with its pictur- esque village stretching along shore. HAGUE. J i/AGUE is situated on a broad, sweeping bay, at the west side of the lake, 28 miles from its head. The general char- acter of its scenery is peaceful, lacking the grandeur of the Narrows, but here the artist will find plenty of matter for study in the great variety of foliage, lichens and mosses, the many-colored rocks, the rugged islands and the graceful elms, whose slender branches droop and sway like the weeping willow, the Hke of which is seen nowhere else at the lake. Good bass fishing is found near by, and two fine trout brooks render the place attractive to those who throw the fly, while the shore, all the way back to Sabbath Day Point, is considered good hunting ground. A walk up the valley road, north of the house, gives a number of the most charming bits of scenery imaginable. The Phcenix Hotel is the large, white three- story building seen a little way north of the steam- boat landing. The house will accommodate fifty, comfortably. A level, grassy lawn stretches from the house out to the sandy beach along the water 72 Lake George. front. Rates not given. Qeorge F. Marshall, pro- prietor. '' The HlLLSlDE,"John McClanathan, proprietor, is situated a few rods north of the Phoenix. Ca- pacity 75. Rates, $1.50 per day; $8 to $10 per week. Open June 15 to October. Trout House, Charles H. Wheeler, proprietor. Capacity 40. Rates, $1.25 per day; $7 to |8 per week. Open all the year. Here the most whole- some of country fare is provided, and homelike comfort rules the establisment from one yearns end to the next. It is one of the places where you are made to feel that your welcome is not always gauged by the length of your purse. "Charley" can tell to a nicety just where the big trout is to be 1 2 3 4 5 HAGUE FROM THE SOUTHEAST. I Steamboat Landing ', 2 Phoenix Hotel ; 3 Hillside House ; 4 Trout House; 5 Rising House. found, and, next to landing it himself, he enjoys showing some favored one the way to do it. A tennis court is a pleasant feature here. The Rising House a short distance north of the Trout House, on the flank of a hill that, rising into quite a mountain toward the west, comes thickly wooded down almost to the door. It commands a most extensive view and is well spoken of for its table and general accommodations. Will accommo- date about 25 guests. B. A. Rising, proprietor. Lake George. 73 I Island Harbor (west, i mile north of Hague landmg), A. C. Clifton, proprietor. Capacity 50. Rates $1.50 per day, $8 per week. Island Harbor is the name given to the cluster ot houses on the west shore of the bay, formed by the enclosing group known as Cook's Islands. It is much frequented by sports- men, and has a record for big f\sh, approached by few places along the lake. The location, while retiring, shows lovely vistas through the islands, and affords safe boating, even in the rough- est vv^eather. The table is excellent. Free conveyance between steamboats. . Waltonian Isle is the outermost and largest ot the group of nine outside Island Harbor. The steamboat rounds close to its rugged shores. Ten miles away at the south, the " Elephant^ stretches his huge bulk across the lake; over his head Black Mountain stands guard, growing misty along the distant narrows. Near by, at the north, is Friend's Point, a pleasant tree-bordered meadow, quiet and beautiful enough now, but of old, the scene of bloody engagements, being then, as now, a favorite camping ground ^ On the right is Blair's Bay, setting well back into the eastern shore. At its head are cleared fields in the town of Putnam— a bit of civilization reaching out from the section beyond, and seeming almost foreign in its lack of interest to the rest of Lake George. Lakb Gsorgb. Anthony's Nosb extends west along the north side of Blair's Bay. It is heavily wooded, except- ing in spots where a cliff is presented or where itf western point rounds over sharply into the lake From a position well back on the south side of Blair's Bay can be seen a perfect face in profile, with smooth brow, Roman nose, firm lip and bearded chin, look- ing out toward the west from the perpendicular wall at the second mountain step. It cannot be seen from the passing steamer. AITTHOinr'* MOSS. We pass close to the point of the mountain, so near that a stone could be easily tossed against its iron-stained sides, and we struggle with incipient profanity to note where some vandal quack has paraded his nostrums before a long suffering pubic, desecrating the face of nature, aye, even out- raging its very nose with his vinegary compound, and, with the wish father to the thought, we look down into the depths to see if, perchance, retribution did not overtoke him in the act and leave some record for our gratification. This is said to be the deepest portion of the lake, put down as being anywhere from four to five hun dred feet in depth, and a stone loosened from its bed Rogers' Slidb. above, is hsard in dull, heavy thuds as it leaps from crag to crag down through the water to the unseen bottom. Rogers' Slide is toward the west, a moun- tain nearly a thousand feet high, with smoothly rounded top and precipitous sides. It is rich in minerals, many beautiful specimens of garnet hav- ing been found along its summit, and also graphite or black lead, which exists in considerable quan- tities. Nearly half of its entire height is a smooth wall of rock descending at a sharp angle to the water's edge. It is said to have received its name from the following circumstance : In the winter of 1757-8, Robert Rogers, with a small party of Rangers, was sent to make observations at Ticon- deroga and Crown Point, where he fell in with a oarty of the enemy, and the skirmish which ensued resulted in the total defeat of the English. Rogers escaped, and, pursued by the savages, made for the summit of what was then called Bald Mountain, probably, with the object of putting in practice the ruse which his dare-devil nature had suggested. Arrived at the brow of the precipice, he threw his "luggage" down "the steep walls, and, reversing himself on his snow-shoes, made his way down through a ravine, at the southwest, to the lake ; thence around to the foot of the slide. The savages, following to the edge of the mountain, where the track of the snow-shoes seemed lost in the path made by a falling body, expecting, of course, that whoever had attempted it could not have reached the bottom alive, must have been considerably sur prised to sec the brave major making oflT on the ice Lake Georgb. toward the head of the lake. It is probable that they took it for granted that he had actually gone down the steep wall; this admitted, signs that at another time would have lead to the discovery of the ruse at once, were overlooked, and they, feeling that he must be under the protection of the " Great Spirit," with characteristic reverence for their Deity, desisted from further pursuit »06arg ^gj f^SI^aS^^ Rogers' Rock Mountain may be ascended by a good path leading from the hotel north of the slide to the top, from which point may be had a view of surprising grandeur and extent. On its summit, looking like a tiny bird cage from below, is seen a summer house built by Boston's celebrated divine, the Rev. Joseph Cook, whose birth-place is just oyer the other side in pleasant Trout Brook Valley. Mr. Cook spends much of his summerings at the old homestead and may often be seen on the moun- tain-top, looming grandly against the sunset sky. The Rogers' Rock Hotel stands on a bold promontory just north of Rogers' Shde, and supplies the long felt need of a first-class house at this end of the lake. Around it cluster some of the most interesting reminiscences of the past; near by arc deep waters and running brooks; from its com- manding position it looks out over the narrowing waters of the outlet and south to where Black Moun- Lake George. 77 tain stands guard over the way ; backwards, a road winds through the wood and up the mountain, and woodland paths run here and there with guide boards pointing the way to interesting places. The steam- boats land on the regular trips. Small boats in va- riety give facilities for fishing or pleasure excursions. A cottage on the height, nearly 150 feet above the house, and another at the lake shore, 'g\\i^ guests a choice in altitudes afforded by no other hotel at Lake George. The house abounds in quaint, old- fashioned furniture and bric-a-brac. An immense fireplace gives genial warmth to parlor and connecting office. Soft moun- tain spring water, never failing in the dryest times, supplies the house and is carried to every floor, Post-office created for the house named " Rogers Rock " and telegraph office are here. Capacity 125. Rates, $3 per day ; $17.50 to $28 per week. Hon. T. J. Treadway, manager. Baldwin, 32 miles from Caldwell, is at the end of steamboat ride, and here cars are taken for the Champlain steamers at Fort Ticonderoga landing. Prisoner's Isle. 79 Howe's Landing is the bit of circling beach north of the dock. Here Abercrombie, with his army of 15,000 men, and Lord Howe, their life and moving spirit, landed on the 6th of July, 1758, and advanced toward Ticonderoga. '^ The French, who retreated as the English advanced, burned their bridges across the outlet, thus compel- ling their enemies to follow along the outer circle made by the stream as it sweeps around toward the east and south where, it empties into Lake Cham- plain. In the valley, north of where we cross the outlet, Howe, at the head of his detachment, fell in with a portion of the retreating French, and a skir- mish ensued. At the first fire the gallant young leader fell, and with him the hopes of the army. Aber- crombie sounded the recall and did not advance again until the evening of the next day ; this delay allowing the French to strengthen their defences at the old lines, and is probably the main reason for the defeat of the English at that place. Prisoner's Isle is out in the lake east of Howe's Landing. ^Tradition says the French used it as a prison pen." Another version of the account places the English in possession, and a party of French — taken by Abercrombie in the earlier stages of his advance on Ticonderoga, and who escaped during the night by wading ashore — their guests, and properly enough receives marked attention on account of this very interesting story. -> It seems characteristic, how- ever, of the head that controlled the whole move- ment, and suggests the thought that, if this eminently sagacious and far-seeing warrior, Abercrombie, trust- 8o TiCONDEROGA ed to the depth of the water to keep a drove o\ Frenchmen, like a drove of sheep, he did not im- mediately, on discovering that they actually intended to fight, surrender himself and army to them ; but, no ! by the most profound strategy he succeeded in making a brilliant retreat, and escaped with the rem- nant of his army — consisting, then, of only about thirteen thousand men — from Montcalm's over- whelming force of thirty-five hundred! Toward the north, the lake rapidly narrows down to a mere creek, hastening to its fall, and the crystal water is discolored by the clay of the bottom. Formerly the boats ran nearly a mile further to the old dock. Here at the outlet, once when May flowers were blooming in the wood, came the martyr priest who gave it the beautiful name of St. Sacrament, and was the first white man to gaze upon its beauties. A century passed, and, in 1757, another Frenchman went southward over its waters ; the first came with bible and cross preaching peace ; the second with fire and sword and a hord of savage beasts to fated Fort William Henry. The following year came Abercrombie, to be driven back while the flower of the British army lay on the bloody field of Ticonderoga, and the next year, slow but resistless in its march, came the army of Amherst, and before it, the French were swept rorthward, their hold on " the lake, that is the gate 01 the country," gone forever. LAKB GLORGB. Mount Defiance, a little elevation cast of tht outlet, which can hardly be dignified by the name of mountain, commands old Fort Ticonderoga, ly- ing over on the othe side, and received its name when, in 1777, Biirgoyntj from its summit, trained guns on the old fort The Upper Falls of Ticonderoga may be seen on the left as we approach to cross the outlet. It is one of the best water priv- ileges in the country, supplied by a reservoir that never floods or fails. A cotton fac- tory, pulp mills, etc, here, give employment to a large number of op- eratives. Ticonderoga (village), three miles from Bald- win and two from Lake Champlain, contains about 82 TiCONDEROGA. 1,500 inhabitants. The water-power is considerable, and the stream navigable for small steamers from the foot of the lower falls out into Lake Champlain. The Burleigh House is at Ticonderoga village. E. J. Wood, proprietor. Rates, $2.50 per day; $10 to $20 per week. It was named after Hon. H. G. Burleigh, of national fame, who owns the building. It is the leading hotel of this section, and offers many attractions to summer visitors. It is a hand- some building, with modern conveniences, including electric bells, electric lights, and steam heat. It spreads a superior table. It is nearest to Fort Ti- conderoga of any house that the visitor, will ordi- narily, care to patronize, and it is a convenient centre for various interesting drives. Next to having back the good old times when staging was the regular means of crossing from one Lake to the other, is an excursion over the historic ground, in the tally-ho belonging to the Burleigh House, with the accom- panying oratorical historico-legendry accompani- ment, by the driver, which will be furnished if due notice be sent in advance, to the proprietor of the Burleigh House, at Ticonderoga. Fort Ticonderoga (lake station) is at the east foot of Mt. Defiance, five miles from Baldwin. Here Lake George trains connect with the Champlain steamers and cars from the north and south. The old fort can be seen at the north, about a mile distant from the landing. Refreshments can be had at the old Ft. Ticonderoga Hotel by the lake shore. Tickets are good, either by boat or rail, as far north as Plattsburgh, giving travelers the choice between an afternoon spent on the lake, or at the Ruins. At Plattsburgh, passengers by boat and train unite. LAKE CHAMPLAIN. HE first white sporting man that ever visited the Adirondacks was Samuel deChamplain, a Frenchman, who, in 1609, joined a company of native Ca- nadian tourists on a gunning expe- dition toward the south, when he fell in with a party of Iroquois, and suc- ceeded in bagging a number. Sam- uel was an enthusiastic sportsman, and of a vivacious, happy disposition, as witness his felicitous description of the manner in which he, at the first shot, brought down three out of four Abo- rigines, who broke cover, then pursued and killed some others. After this adventure, which hap- pened the same year that Hendrick Hudson sailed up the river that now bears his name, and 1 1 years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, he wrote an account of the affair, modestly calling the sheet of water explored after himself — Lake Cham- plain. Just two centuries after his passage in a canoe, the first steamboat was launched on the lake. When Champlain came, the Indians called the lake Cani adere qiiarante, spelled in various ways, and ^aid by learned authorities, who copy it from some one else, to mean '' the lake that is the gate of the country." By the early French, who did not choose to recognize Champlain's right to the name, miles southeast ol Essex Landing), 399 feet. Measuring down into Missisquoi bay, the extreme length of the lake may be found at about 118 miles. Its elevation above tide is 99 feet. It contains a number of beautiful islands, principally near the north end, the two largest known respectively as North and South Hero, and collectively as Grand Isle, a county of Ver^'iont. Whitehall. The D. & H. R. R., extending along the west shore of the lake, in an air line, between New York and Montreal, is the main artery of travel between the two great cities. At various points, rail or stage routes diverge, leading to the central portions of the wilderness. 2. Whitehall"^ is at the head of Lake Cham- plain; 219 miles north of New York, 78 from Al- bany. It was originally called Skeenesborough, after Col. Philip Skeene, who accompanied Aber- crombie in 1758; was wounded in his attack on Ticonderoga, and, after Amherst's victorious ad- vance the following year, was appointed comman- dant at Crown Point, at which time he projected the settlement. In 1765, he obtained a grant of the township, and, in 1770, took up his residence here. On the breaking out of the Revolution he took sides with the Royalists, accompanied Bur- goyne in his expedition against Ticonderoga, and was captured with him at Saratoga. His property was confiscated by act of Legislature in 1779. At Whitehall, the train from the south divides, — a part going east, the remainder north, along the principal street, through the tunnel, and across the marsh-bottomed basin, toward a notch cut out of its farther rim. Just before entering the rock cut al- luded to, we see on the east a short double crook, in a narrow channel, known as '' Fiddler's Elbow," where, under water, are the hulks of some of the ves- sels engaged in the battle of Plattsburgh in 1 8 14. On the high point of rocks just over and slightly to the north of the Elbow is Fort Putnam, where Gen- * In going south along Lake Champlain, read numbered paragraphs in re- verse order, begining at Rouse's Point, page 153. '^ Lake Champlain. 97 eral Israel Putnam lay in ambush, waiting for the French and Indians under the command of Marin. The train skims over the surface of the marsh on the long trestle, straight as an arrow flies, for a mile, and over the draw at the outlet of South Bay around which Dieskau led his men to attack Fort Edward, in September of 1755. Winding in and out, we continue along the west shore. On the east, at intervals, are the odd, little numbered light-houses, and posts where lanterns are hung nights to mark the tortuous channel. Low, reedy islands and points float outward from the shores, and the grand, rocky gateways, opening up as we advance, reveal vistas of wondrous beauty, of far-reaching water, and of the blue of distant moun- tains. Twenty-three miles north of Whitehall is the steamboat landing, and the junction of the branch road from Lake George with the main line running north. The Steamer Vermont, Captain B. I. Holt, commander, belongs to the Champlain Transporta- tion Co. It was built in 1871, rebuilt and re- furnished in 1892. It is 271 feet long, 36 foot beam, 65 foot beam over all. It runs regularly between Pittsburgh and Ticonderoga, leaving Pittsburgh at 7 a. m., touching at Bluff Point, Port Kent and Burlington, arriving at this point about noon. Re- turning, leaves on arrival of passengers from Lake George and the south. Passengers by the morning boat through Lake George will find the Vermont awaiting them here. Dinner is served on board. And, by the way, the dinners served on the steamer Vermont have been noted for years for their whole- Lake Champlain. someness, and for the plethora of good things tvith which the table is loaded. On the other hand, the appetite which a ride over Lake George or Lake Champlain gives a body is also a constant source of wonderment— and it costs just a dollar here to do justice to the one and satisfy the other. 3. The Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga can be seen on the promontory lying about one mile north of the steamboat landing. Here were enacted the pnncipal events in the play of the lake ; here savage and civihzed tribes contended for the country on either hand ; here two great nations struggled for the prize of a continent which neither could retain and precious blood fllowed like water for this, the key to the -gate of the country," by its position elected to become historic ground. Claimed by the Hurons and Algonquins on the north, and by the Five Nations on the south, Lake Champlain was permanently occupied by neither It lay between two sections that were continu- ally at war with each other— the bloodv middle ground, over which each party in its turn swept carrying ruin in its path. This had made the lovely shores a solitude. Thus Champlain found It when, in July, 1609, he sailed south with the Indians from the St. Lawrence to make war upon their southern enemies, and - encountered a war party of the Iroquois on the 29th of the month about ten o'clock at night, at the point of a cape which puts out into the lake on the west side " In the morning a battle ensued. Champlain says • '' Ours commenced, calling me in a loud voice, and making way for me, opened in two, and placed me at their head, marching about 20 paces in advance Champlain's Battle. until I was within 30 paces of the enemy. The mo- ment they saw me they halted, gazing at me and I at them. When I saw them preparing to shoot at us, I raised my arquebus, and aiming directly at one of the three chiefs, two of them fell to the ground by this shot, and one of their companions received a wound, of which he died afterward. I had put four balls in my arquebus. Ours, in wit- nessing a shot so favorable to them, set up such tre- mendous shouts that thunder could not have been heard ; and yet there was no lack of arrows on one side and the other. The Iroquois were greatly as- tonished, seeing two men killed so instantaneously, \iotwithstanding they were provided with arrow- proof armor, woven of cotton-thread and wood. They lost courage, took to flight, and abandoned the field and their fort, hiding them- selves in the depths of the forests ; whither pur- suing them I killed some others. . . . The place where the battle was fought is 43 degrees some minutes north latitude, and I named it Lake Cham- plain." Ticonderoga is 131^ degrees north latitude, and probably the cape referred to "which puts out into the lake on the west side." The French claimed the country by virtue of Champlain's dis- covery, and in 1731, while at peace with Great Britain, they advanced to Crown Point and erected Fort St. Frederick. The English claimed this territory by right 0/ purchase and treaty with the Five Nations. Gen- eral Johnson was sent, in 1755, to drive the French from Crowii Point, but halted at Lake George, when Baron Dieskau made his famous dash around French Mountain, defeated Colonel Williams, and Lake Champlain. attacked the main army, to be defeated in turn. He then retreated to Ticonderoga, and began the erection of a fort, which he called '' Carillon.'* In 1757, somewhat enlarged, it was occupied by Montcalm, who marched thence to the capture of Fort William Henry. In 1758 Abercrombie made his unsuccessful attack on the old French lines, which resulted in his total defeat, with a loss of nearly 2,000 killed and wounded. The following year Amherst entrenched before them, and the French, satisfied that they could not successfully resist him, abandoned and set fire to the works, and the English took possession in the morning. The English advanced on Fort St. Frederick, the French retreated into Canada. Amherst repaired and enlarged the works at Ti- conderoga and Crown Point on a scale of great magnifi cence, but never after was a shot from the frowning embrasures directed against an approaching foe. Peace be tween the nations soon followed and forts were allowed to fall into a state of ill repai*- and were poorly garrisoned when the revolution broke out. Ticonderoga had but 50 men, all told, Fort Ticonderoga. when in the gray of the morning of the loth of May, 1775, Ethan Allen and 83 of his ''Green Mountain boys " stole in through the wicket gate and de- manded its surrender ** in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." In 1777 the brilliant general Burgoyne with 7,5C>o men came from the north and laid siege to Ticon- deroga. St. Clair, who was then in command, had barely sufficient troops to man the principal works, and when the English took possession of Mt. Defi- ance, from which they could drop shot right over into their midst, he abandoned the fort, stealing away on the night of July 4th. After the capture of Burgoyne at Saratoga, the British retired into Canada, but in 1780 the old fort was again occupied by the troops under General Haldiman. Then came another enemy, silent, but resistless as the march of time — frosts to rack and tempests to beat upon the old walls, until they tot- ter and fall away, disappearing one by one, and bringing the time when naught shall remain but the name it bears, and that uncertain. Ticonderoga is the generally accepted compos- ite of a dozen or more Indian terms applied to the place, all with something of the same sound, as Tieiideroga^ Cheonderoga, etc., the words used by the natives meaning the coming together or meeting of waters'^ instead of the commonly given version of " sounding waters." Carillon, the name given it by the French, meaning '' music racket, a chime," may have been suggested by the sounding waters of the falls at the outlet of Lake George, two miles distant. * Colden, 1765. Pownell, 1774. 102 . Lake Champlain. The old battery on the bluff, above the fort steamboat landing, is said to have been the original Carillon. Back on the higher ground are the bar- rack walls, trenches and bastions. On the west, beyond the outlet of Lake George, is Mount Defi- ance. Opposite the fort at the southeast, the lakj is narrowed down by the near approach of Mount Independence, which was also fortified while St. Clair held command. Between the two points ran the chain, or floating bridge. The lake here turns toward the north, thus wash- ing three sides of the promontory. Among the oaks, just west of the tunnel, is the old French lines, reaching over the ridge and nearly across the peninsula. The trenches, embankments and two or three redoubts are clearly defined. Across the lo- cust-covered flat, just north of the ruins, from a point near the drawbridge, lay Ethan Allen's route in 1775. 4. Crown Point is 1 1 miles north of Ticonder. oga. On the lake-shore, are the furnaces of the Crown Point Iron Company,and the eastern terminus of a narrow-gauge railway, which extends back 13 miles to iron mines at Hammondville, 1,300 feet above the lake. 5. Fort Frederick is the landing at Crown Point Ruins, about 6 miles north of Crown Point village. The steamboat lands here on regular trips. The grounds have been fitted up by the Champlain Transportation Company for the accommodation of picnic parties that are brought here by their steam- boats, with a dancing pavilion, refreshment rooms, Lake Champlain. 103 platforms and open spaces for games, swings, and other innocent accessories to sport. The lake is here narrowed down by the land on which the ruins stand, on the west side, the point marked by a stone light-house, and by Chimney Point, approaching APPROACHING CROWN POINT RUINS FROM THE SOUTH. I Crown Point Light House ; 2 Port Henry ; 3 Chimney Point. from the east. At the narrowest point in the pass- age, are the scarcely visible ruins of Fort St. Fred- erick, built by the French in 1731. This point be- came a noted trading post at that time, the savages coming to exchange peltry for civilized fire-water and other necessaries. Under the protecting guns of the old fort it developed into a village of 1,500 inhabitants. Remains of cellars and flagged walks, extending back toward the west, still show signs of its old-time prosperity. Crown Point Ruins are over at the west. The walls of stone barracks are still in a good state of preservation, and the extensive earthworks indicate the map-nitude of the fortifications. They were commenced by Amherst in 1759, and completed at an expense of ten million dollars, but never was a shot fired from them at an approaching enemy. When Ethan Allen captured Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point was garrisoned only by a sergeant and 12 men, and was taken possession of by a part of I04 Lake Champlain. Allen's men under Seth Warner. In 1777 it was occupied by Burgoyne in his triumphant march south — triumphant until he reached Saratoga. BULWAGA Bay is at the west, over beyond the peninsula on which the ruins stand. Dr. Geo. F. Bixby, of Plattsburgh, whose researches have con- firmed, or proved the falsity of, many popular beliefs concerning the early history of the Champlain Valley, believes the shores of the peninsular just west of Crown Point Ruins to be the place where Champlain encountered the Iroquois to their confu- sion ; and the cape referred to by him " which puts out into the lake on the west side." CROWN POINT FROM THE NORTH. 1 Crown Point Light House ; 2 Ruins of Old Fort St. Frederick ; 3 Ruins of Crown Point Barracks. 6. Port Henry, two miles north-west of Crown Point ruins, is exceedingly picturesque. It ex- tends from the lake shore well up on the side of the mountain that rises boldly beyond, and has a num- ber of elegant private residences, occupied by the iron magnates of that section, with churches, public schools, a pretty opera house, etc. The Lee House furnishes very good accommodations. The Lake Cham- plain and MORIAH R. R. is seven miles long, extending from Port Henry to the ore beds at Mineville. 1,300 feet above. The grade is neces- Lake Champlain. 105 sarily heavy. At one point it is 2565^ feet to the mile. The average is 2 1 1 feet. The grade contains three '* Ys," where the nature of the ascent renders a curve impracticable. By plank-road Mineville is but five miles from the lake. 7. The Chever Ore Bed is two miles north of Port Henry, near the lake shore. 8. TheY M. C. A. of Albany, has a summer camp on No-Man's Island, west shore, a mile south of Bar- ber Point light house. Rules require, obedience to leader, attendance at Bible Study, quiet at 10 P. M. 9. Westport is a pretty little village, on a deep bay setting into the western shore, fifty miles north of White- hall. It is the natural g a t e - way into the mountains, via Elizabethtown and Keene Valley, and possesses attractions of its own that recommend it strongly to the summer visitor. The Westport Inn, overlooking the steamboat landing, is under the management of Mrs. O. C. Daniell and Mrs. Henry C. Lyon. Capacity 50. Rates, $3 per day. This is an excellent house. . The Gibes House, formerly Richards House, is at the northern border of the village. Capacity 40. Rates, $2 per day ; $8 to $14 per week. N. J. Gibbs, proprietor. The '* Water Lily," a small steamboat, runs from Westport to Vergennes daily, on arrival of the steamer Vermont from the south, returning in the morning to connect with the south bound boat. io6 Lake Champlain. The Water Lily is notable among steamboats as having a lady at the wheel, in the person of Mrs. Captain Daniels, who is said to be the first and only regularly licensed lady pilot in the United States. Fare, $I.oo. Round trip, $1.50. Steamer Chateaugay, Capt. Baldwin, leaves this point at 7:00 A. M. daily, Sundays excepted, and touching at Cedar Bay, Burlington, Plattsburgh and intermediate points, arrives at North Hero at 12:15. Returning over the same course reaches Es- sex at 6.00 P. M. This boat belongs to the C. T. Co., and was launched at Shelburne Harbor, No- vember I, 1887. It is 203 feet long, and 59 feet wide over all. Water line, I95 feet ; beam. 30 feet. The hull is of rolled steel plates, made from Cha- teaugay ore, with a wrought iron frame, braced in the most substantial manner, and provided with water- tight compartments. The engine is a vertical-beam, jet condensing engine, 44-inch cylinder, loft, stroke. The paddle-wheels are of the new "feathering" pattern, 23 feet in diameter. The boat draws four and a half feet of water, and will make 20 miles an hour. ^0. Calamity Point is on the west, about two miles north of Westport. Here the luckless steamer Champlain was wrecked in 1875 while running north on her regular night trip. The immediate cause of the disaster has never been explained, as the night was no more than ordinarily dark, but since that time, day or night when running, the pilot houses of the sister boats invariably contain two competent men. Captain Rushlow of the Vermont was then in command of the Champlain, and it was due to his self-possession that no panic ensued to lead to Lake Champlain. 107 loss of lite. Her engine now does efficient service in the graceful '' Horicon " on Lake George. 11. Split Rock Mountain extends along the west shore terminating in a sharp point 8 miles north of Westport. The sides toward the lake, close under which the steamer runs at times, are precipitous, and at points wild and grand. Barn Rock (a corruption probably of Barren Rock) shows the upturned edges of strata lying at a sharp angle with the surface in a bold point enclosing a deep harbor. "The Palisades," a little way north, are grand perpendicular cliffs. Rock Harbor, a mile further north, shows an '' effort," where Gotham's cx-Boss, Tweed, tried his hand at digging ore. Open- ings are to be seen in the mountain side, with piles of ore below, and the buildings high up in the notch beyond. Grog Harbor — a charming little cove de- spite its name — is near the northern end of the mountain. SPLIT ROCK FROM THE NORTH. I Grand View Mt., Vt.; 2 Split Rock Light ; 3 Split Rock ; 4 Whalon's Bay. Split Rock is at the northern termination of the mountain bearing the same name. It is a rough fragment, perhaps a half acre in area, separated from the main land by a narrow passage. In the uncer- tain records of old Indian treaties, it is claimed that this rock marked the line between the tribes of the St. Lawrence and those of the Mohawk Valley. I^ io8 Lake Champlain. also divides the honor of being the ancient *' Rock Regio " with Rock Dunder, lying just south of Bur- lington. It was the unremovable monument set up by the treaty of Utrecht in 1710 to indicate the line between English and French possessions, and later accepted as the northern boundary of New York, but in the rearrangement of the geographies in the school of 1775 and 1776, the line drifted some sixty miles further north. 12. Otter Creek enters the lake from the east» something over five miles north of Westport. This is the longest river, or creek, in Vermont, and is navigable to Vergennes, whose spires may be seen some distance inland. Fort Cassin was built at the mouth of Otter Creek, and some of the works are still visible. Within the creek a portion of the American squadron was fitted out in 18 14, which, under Commodore Mc- Donough, defeated the British Commodore Downie at Plattsburgh in September of that year. Vergennes, is eight miles back from the lake, following the course of the river, although in an air- line but little more than half of that distance. Ver- gennes is one of the oldest cities in New England, dating its organization back to 1789, and is cele- brated as the smallest incorporated city in the coun- try. It has a population of about 2,000 inhabitants, with all the honors and added dignity of a mayor and board of aldermen. The Stevens House, owned and under the management of Mr. S. S. Gaines, has accommoda- tions for about 100 guests. Telegraph, telephone and express offices are in the house. Board costs from $8 to $12 per week. Lake Champlain. 109 13. Cedar Beach, on the Vermont shore, nearly opposite Split Rock, is a village of cottage-camps owned principally by residents of Burlington. 14. Essex, a small village on the west shore, is 10 miles north of Westport. 15. The Bouquet River empties into the lake four miles north of Essex landing. It is navigable forabout a mile. It was a rendezvous of Burgoyne's flotilla in his advance on Ticonderoga in 1777, and in 1 8 12 was entered by British gunboats to work the destruction of the little village of Willsborough lying a mile inland. 16. The Willsborough stands near the north- ern extremity of Willsborough Point, a low penin- sula about four miles long by one wide separating Willsborough Bay from the main lake. The house has capacity for lOO guests. J. Henry Otis, pro- prietor. P. O., Willsborough Point. Rates, $3.00 per day ; $12 to $18 per week. Open June to Oc- tober. The accommodations here are all that can be reasonably desired, except that they are not suf- ficient for the demand, and during July and August would-be guests will do well to engage rooms in ad- vance. Steamer Chateaugay lands daily. Railroad station is Wills- borough, five miles distant. Notice should be sent in advance to assure attendance of carriage on arrival of train. The American Canoe Associa- tion holds its annual meet again this year on the north end of Willsborough Point, August 4th to 25th inclusive. This is an international organiza- tion with a membership of over a thousand and is no Lake Champlain. composed largely of literary and professional men. The Association is bound by a code of rules that keeps it free from what may be termed " professional- ism." Its of¥icial organs are " Forest and Stream " and ''''Rudder, Sail and Paddle.'' The in itiationfee is one dollar, annual dues one dollar. Charles V. Winne of Albany, Commodore ; W. B. Wacker- hagen, Albany, Secretary and Treasurer. The Association is divided into four divisions, Eastern, Northern, Atlantic and Southern. E. L. French, of Buffalo, is Vice-Commodore, and C. C. Belman of Amsterdam, Purser, of the Central Divi- sion, in whose jurisdiction the Meet is held this year. The A. C. A. was organized at Lake George in 1880, and has mtt annually since that time at Lake George and other places. The camp is under strict police surveillance and strangers are not allowed on the grounds except under certain restrictions and on regular visitors' day, at which time it is intended that some of the most interesting events of the Meet shall transpire. 17. The Four Brothers are near the middle of the lake, east of Willsborough Point. Here oc- curred the running engagement between Benedict Arnold and Capt. Pringle, in 1776, in which the English were victorious. 18. Juniper Island is northeast of the Broth- ers, with high, almost vertical walls, and surmounted by a light-house. After leaving Essex Landing the boat passes out into the broadening lake gradually nearing the Ver- mont side in the approach to Burlington. Back inland are the two highest peaks of the Green Lake Champlain. Mountains — Mansfield, 4,350 feet above tide, and Camel's Hump, the Leon Couchant of the French. 19. Rock Dunder is a prominent object, as we near Burlington. It is a sharp cone about 20 feet high, believed by Winslow C. Watson, the historian, to be the famous '' Rock Regio, " so frequently- mentioned in colonial records, notwithstanding the counter-claims of Split Rock. The steamer usually passes close by on its east side. Pottier's Point' terminates a long stretch of regular shore on the right. 20. Shelburne Harbor is east of Pottier's Point. Here are the ship-yards of the Champlain Transportation Company, and here have been built all the large boats of Lake Champlain. It is worthy of note that but one year after Robert Fulton's first steamboat was launched on the Hudson River a steamboat was built and launched at Burlington. And it could run 5 miles an hour without heating the shaft, too. La Plotte river empties into Shelburne Harbor. It is said its name was bestowed because of an in- cident of the Revolution. It appears that a party of Indians had left their canoes unguarded on the banks while making a raid on the scattered settle- ment beyond. They were finally driven back by the whites and took to their canoes for safety, but the canoes had been discovered by some prying settlers and riddled with holes which let the water in, and the settlers now proceeded to riddle the savages also. The Green Mountain Boys were very artistic about these little affairs. Lake Champlain. several hundred acres along the shore of the lake, and is credited with looking still for more. 21. Burlington is a beautiful city of nearly 15,000 inhabitants, 80 miles north of Whitehall. It is one of the largest lumber marts in the country, standing fourth in the order of business. The firms representing a capital of $4,000,000,00. 150,000,000 (eet of lumber are sold annually from the markets. Three railroads centre here — the Central Ver- mont, the Burlington & Lamoille, and the Rutland & Burlington railroad. The Champlain Transportation Company has its general offices here, its steamers running to connect with the D. & H. trains on the west shore, and to Adirondack points. The University of Vermont is located here — crowning the hill, on the western slope of which, the principal part of the city lies. Among other public buildings of interest are the Medical College, Bill- ings Library building, Vermont Episcopal Institute, St. Joseph's College, Park Gallery of Art, Fletcher Free Library, the Mary Fletcher Hospital, and the Young Men's Christian Association building. Joined to the last is the book store of S. Huntington &Co., which is one of the most complete in appointments of any store devoted to this business, outside the great cities of the country. On the high land, back of the city, overlooking Winooski Valley, is the Green Mountain Cemetery, where lies the body of Vermont's famous son, Ethan Allen. A monument of Barre granite, 50 feet in height, surmounted by a statue of Allen, marks the spot, and is a shrine often visited by ad- mirers of the Hero of Ticonderoga. Lake Champlain. 113 Hotels are Hotel Burlington, Delaney & Har- rington, proprietors. Rates, $2.00 and $2.50 per day ; and the VAN Ness and AMERICAN HOUSES, U. A. Woodbury, proprietor, H. N. Clark, manager. Rates, $3.00 and $3.50 per day. 22. Colchester Point reaches out half way across the broad lake north of Burlington, and still further west are Colchester reef and light-house, a blood-red light marking the outermost rock at night. 23. Schuyler Island is a large cultivated island lying near the west shore. Trembleau Mountain is beyond, terminating at Trembleau Point. 24. Port Kent is 10 miles from Burlington. Below, the town is not attractive; but above, along the brow of the hills are several very pleasant, com fort able looking houses, among them the old home of Elkanah Watson, the historian. Trembleau Hall, a boarding house, with capacity for about 20 guests, has been opened recently by Farrel & Adgate. Rates unknown. The Keeseville, Au Sable Chasm and Lake Cham- plain Railroad runs from Port Kent to Keeseville, passing over the chasm a short distance below beauti- ful Rainbow falls. It is five miles long and was built primarily in the interests of the Au Sable Horse Nail words at Keeseville, for the transporta- tion of the material used in their extensive works. THE GRAND FLUME. Lake Champlain. This is the point of departure for Au Sable Chasm and the interior, via the Au Sable Valley. Au Sable Chasm is the Yosemite in miniature. The Au Sable River, coming out from the moun- tains of the south, through the valley past Keese- ville, breaks, after many a rush and tumble, over the rocks into Au Sable Chasm, in the beautiful Rainbow Falls, then hurrying downward through devious ways, creeping under towering cliffs, resting in dark places where the sun never shines, finally emerges from the gloom into the broad willowy way to mingle later, after many twists and turns, with the quiet waters of Lake Champlain. It is a vast fissure in the Earth's surface, its walls that now stand apart, were apparently united and solid in the past ; projections on the one side are faced by corresponding depressions on the other ; strata broken off here are continued over there. Low down are found petrified specimens of the first orders of animal life and ripple marks made when the rock was in its plastic state — the bed of some lake or ocean — and above these, in successive layers, towers nearly a hundred feet of solid rock. Who can say what ages have passed away since the restless sea beat upon this unknown shore and left the marks of its wavelets for us to wonder at? Thought is lost away back in the eternity of '' The Beginning" when darkness was upon the face of the deep. Later came the dawn of Creation, and in its full light the lowest of animal creatures lived their brief day and added their mite to old Ocean's bot- tom. Long ages rolled away. Floods swept over the uneasy world that reeled and staggered with the pulsations of its heart of fire. The Earth's thin shell Lake Champlain. bubbled up into mountain ridges and broke like crackle glass, then, cooling, left its marks in ragged heights and fearful depths. Then came great ice- bergs, grinding the uplifted points to atoms in their course, polishing, leveling and filling up the openings. Then the water fled away, leaving the seams and cracks filled with a rich alluvium gathered in passing centuries, holding in its bosom the germs of vegetable life that in time covered all with a man- tle of green. The yearly rains descended, floods swept down from the mountains above, washing out- ward the loose deposit and the softer rock that had filled these crevices, and revealing to us this wonderland of " The Walled Banks of the Au Sable." In 1873 ^ number of gentlemen from Philadelphia, under the corporative name of The Ausable Com- pany, acquired the land lying along the west side, with an entrance and an exit on the east, and built stairways, galleries and bridges, which, with the aid of boats near the lower end, enabled visitors to pass entirely through the chasm. In 1879 the ^^^ wooden galleries were replaced by stone walks with substan- tial iron railings, bridges were erected above high water mark, or made movable so as to be taken up at the close of the season, and put back in the spring, and new boats were placed in the navigable waters below Table Rock, to carry visitors through the otherwise inaccessable portions of the gorge. The admission to the chasm is 50 cents ; the boat ride 50 cents additional. The boats are in charge of experienced men, and although exciting, the ride is attended with no danger, so the most timid need not hestitate in going. Lake Champlain. 119 The Lake View House overlooks the head of the Chasm from the east. Capacity 100. Rates, $2.50 per day; special for week or season; open June 1st to October 15th. P. O., Au Sable Chasm. VV. H. Tracy proprietor. The main structure was burnt last spring but a smaller one was promptly erected to take its place. The dining capacity is practically unlimited The hotel and Chasm are under one management and Mr. Tracy should be addressed for particulars relating to either. The admission fee to the Chasm depends upon circum- stances ; large parties are admitted at reduced rates; guests of the Lake View have free access. Guides are unnecessary, as once in the Chasm, the course is plain, guide boards and signs pointing the way and calling attention to notable places until Table Rock is reached where boats are entered for the remainder of the trip. Stop-over privileges are given passen- gers by rail and boat at Port Kent. The hotel car- riage conveys guests to and from the Chasm station for 25 cents the round trip. Admission to the Chasm is gained through "The Lodge," a picturesque building, octagonal in form, pagoda-like, unique and attractive. Within, will be found photographs, books and curios pertaining to the place. Before descending, note the queer effect the stained glass in the lodge windows, give to ob- jects seen through them, where the blue makes frosty winter, and the red the most insufferable of summers of the same objects. Rainbow Falls, at the head of the Chasm, flings its mass of water from nearly 70 feet above into the gulf below. Horse Shoe Falls is nearly opposite Lake Champlain. 121 the entrance. Note its suggestive shape from the lookout, before descending the stairs. PUU'IT Rock faces us as we approach the Elbow, which is the first turn below the entrance. Split Rock shows on the left at the farthest point visible as you turn around the Elbow. The rock which stands at the left of the opening made by the splitting off of a large fallen mass is called the Elephant's Head and with the morning sun lighting up the massive front, the name does not seem inappropriate. Stop when 3^ou reach the end of the bridge that crosses here. The Devil's Oven is in the wall which shuts off our farther advance on the right of the stream. Why " Oven" is not so clear, for if you climb the rough rocks and enter its 30 feet of depth, you will not find it the superheated place sug" gested, but rather the reverse. The same tropical imagination that conceived of this and some of the other names applied to places here, gave to the nar- row passage-way at our feet the name of Hell Gate, and looking, one does not really wonder at the fancy. From Hell Gate, rising in a great sweep heavenward, away from the rushing waters, is Jacob's Ladder. Across the bridge we go, around the rocky abut- ment toward the left, clinging perhaps to the iron railing which prevents our sliding into the water be- low, beneath overhanging rocks, over the seething water, across the bridge which spans the Devil's Punch-Bowl — pausing, perhaps, to glance into the green depths of the Fernery at our left — down across the worn rocks, then zig-zag up the side to a higher level. Here is one of the most remarkable, specimens of rock boring in the country, called THE SENTINEL. Lake Champlain. 123 Jacob's Well, showing where some vagrant stone, caught, perhaps, in an eddy when the stream ran here, and whirled away continually, ground its way down through the strata of soft rock, until it wore itself out in vain beatings against its prison walls. Here a bridge crosses Mystic Gorge, to the Long Gallery beyond which, descending, we come to Point of Rocks. Note high up the sides of those rocks the segments of a large bowl similarto Jacob's Well, and backward the rapids which, seen from this point, in the sunshine at noon, are very beauti- ful. Opposite this point is Hyde's Cave, named after a venturesome individual, who, in 1871, let himself down by a rope from the rocks above and was the first to reach its dual entrance. Below the bridge, which leads to Hyde's Cave, on the same side of the stream, is Bixby's Grotto. Returning to the north shore. Smuggler's Pass» directly opposite the Grotto, is crossed by a bridge. You may follow along the ledge if you like and lose yourself from sight where, back from the river, this passage winds into quite a large chamber. More stairways are found as we proceed, then comes the Post Office. This post office has neither post mas- ter nor distinguishing name in the postal depart- ment, but nevertheless does a large business, pecu- liarly its own, as the observant visitor will notice. No charge is made here for drop-letter or cards, and many avail themselves of the privilege. Clinging close to the rocks protected by the iron railing we pass along high up at this point, then through the Hanging Garden, and, descending, cross to Table Rock. 124 Lake Champlain. From the upper point of Table Rock look back- ward through the Upper Flume. See Column Rocks at the farthest visible point on the left, and, if the sun be right, notice the Altar-cloth hanging over the water at the right. Turning, the Anvil is before you ; partially hidden, perhaps, by the rustic canopy which has been built against it to afford shade for such as may care to take advantage of it when, for two or three brief hours in the middle of the day, the sun pours its beams down into this open space. Back of the Anvil, Cathedral Rocks rise a hundred feet above the level floor, suggesting in their broken lines, some vast cathedral's ruined towers and aisles. "The Sentinel" stands guard at the outer corner of Cathedral Rocks. Through a cleft in the lower edge of Table Rock we descend and enter the large batteaux found waiting here for the passage through the Grand Flume and beyond. Do not fear, for these boats are strong and serviceable, to withstand the hard knocks they get at times, and in charge of stalwart boatmen who will guide us safely through the excit- ing passage below. The Grand Flume reaches from Table Rock for some distance down. Here the water runs straight away, shut in by walls that rise perpendicularly up for more than a hundred feet, while the dip of the rock-strata on either side gives one the queer sensation of running down quite a steep hill. Here, at the narrowest place, the cliffs are scarcely ten feet apart, and the sky above seems but a narrow ribbon of blue. The water seems to round up in the middle and actually to run on edge. No plummet has ever been found to sound its depths. Over this Lakk Champlain. 125 spot the main road crossed years ago, and the place is spoken of now by the older inhabitants as " High Bridge." A story is told to the effect that when after a time the bridge was condemned and the plank taken off leaving only the naked log stringers stretched across, a horseman went across one dark and stormy night, unconscious of his danger at the time, although remembering afterward that as he approached in the intense darkness, his horse had hesitated, and when urged moved forward in fear and trembling. The Lower Gate-Way ends the Long Flume and ushers us into the Pool. The Sentry Box is at the right as we emerge into the open space. On the left there is a larger creavasse in which, leaning, stands the Broken Needle. At the Pool, the river turns sharply to the left and leads downward over dancing rapids where we go until, rounding to the right, we enter quiet water once more, and finally pass out into the basin where, at the landing, carriages are taken to convey us back to the hotel. It is well to have passed through-Au Sable Chasm once in a life time. Such scenes make man realize the puny creature that he is, for — in the somewhat stalwart language of Will Carleton : " To appreciate Heaven well It is good for a man to have some fifteen minutes of Hell." 25. — Three miles north of the landing at Port Kent, is the sandy niouth of the Ausable River which' is supposed to have suggested its name, Au- sable meaning " a river of sand." A wooded de- pression in the ground above shows the course of the river. Across from this is the widest uninter- rupted portion of the lake, being here a little more 126 * ^AKE ChAMPLAIN. than ten miles in width. Measuring down into Mallett's bay brings the distance to about 13 miles. 26. Valcour Island is about six miles north of Port Kent, the steamer passing between it and the main land on the west. Here, Oct. 11,1776, occurred the first naval engagement of the Revolu- tion, between the British, commanded by Captain Thomas Pringle, and the Americans under Benedict Arnold. The British plan was to send a fleet from the north to capture Ticonderoga and clear the way for a junction with the army of the south, that should come by way of the Hudson. Early in the spring they began the construction of ships at St. Johns, and the last of September the fleet — consist- ing of a three-masted vessel carrying eighteen guns, and two schooners with thirteen guns each, with smaller vessels, twenty-nine vessels in all, mounting eighty-nine guns, manned by picked seamen and practiced gunners — moved south to the attack. When it became known that preparations of this nature were in progress at St. Johns, Arnold was commissioned to. construct vessels to oppose them. Massing all possible help and material at Skenes- borough (now Whitehall), he set about the work with tremendous energy, and in August put afloat a num- ber of flat-bottomed sailing craft and row galleys, carrying altogether 84 guns and 152 swivel-guns. The largest of these vessels was the " Royal Savage," a two-masted schooner carrying fourteen guns. With this force Arnold sailed north, going as far as Windmill Point, then returning, took up a position in the narrow channel between Valcour Island and the main land. The British fleet, running before the strong north Lake Champlain. 127 wind, passed on the outside of the island and some distance beyond, before discovering the position of the Americans. So severe was the wind that the larger vessels could not be brought back to attack and only some of the smaller ones with the schooner, Carleton, finally succeeded in getting into position. The engagement continued most of the afternoon during which the "Royal Savage" was disabled, and drifting on the rocks was abandoned. Puring the night it was set on fire by the British and sunk. Portions of the hull can yet be seen when the water is still, resting on the bottom where it then went down. The attacking vessels were recalled and an- chored in line at the south, to cut off the retreat of the Americans. During the night, however, the Americans slipped through the British line and in the morning were discovered making industrious tracks toward the south and safety. The British pursuing, overhauled Arnold near the Four Brothers and a running fight ensued which demonstrated the superiority of the British vessels and gunners. The remnant of the American boats, almost disabled, was grounded in a bay on the Vermont shore near Panton and set on fire, and Arnold and his m.en made their way through the woods to Crown Point. In these engagements, although defeated, Arnold acquitted himself in such a manner as to win the admiration of his enemies and the approval of his superior officers. Benedict Arnold was born in Norwich, Conn., Jan. 3d, 1741, and died in London, June 14, 1801. As a youth, turbulent ; as a soldier, ambitious, bold to rashness and jealous of his fel- low officers ; dishonest ; the transition from discon- tented rebel to infamous traitor was easy. He was 128 Lake Champlain. a brilliant commander — his fall was like that of Lucifer. Valcour Island was the spot selected for " a com- munal home, based on the principles of social sci- ence," where the *' Dawn Valcour Community " dawned on the astonished world of 1874, grew into a mighty power (on paper), with " Col." John Wil- cox to furnish the intellectual, and ** Uncle " Owen Shipman the temporal home ; where congenial spirits were invited to commingle in promiscuity, but all too soon were on the ragged edge of individuality, while the musical auctioneer warbled over the odds and ends that remained to satisfy outside demands. In the words of one of its leading members, the thing ** busted ;" and the '* Dawn " was merged into twilight, to furnish another lesson on the practica- bility of free love. 27. Hotel Champlain, the superb, is seen on the bold headland that puts out from the west shore just north of Valcour Island. It does not come upon you suddenly, as a revelation. You have seen it over the lake for miles back on your course, before the steamer had touched at Burlington, per- haps, or from the car window as the reeling train swung around Trembleau Mountain nearly ten miles away, and at intervals ever since as the road wound in and out along the shore. Now, as you approach, its magnificent proportions come out in grand re- lief against the sky. *' Commanding *' is not misapplied here. The hotel stands on a height that breaks away abruptly in all directions for a space, then in gentler slope reaches the level of the lower shores north and south, the water on the east, and the valley toward Lake Champlain. 129 the west where the trains on the D. & H. flash like gleaming shuttles through the vari-tinted web of cul- tivated fields and cross-line country roads. Long colonades ; broad piazzas conforming to the swelling contour of facing, east, south and west ; breezy porticos, and balconies, hung along its sides or perched high up on tower and sharply sloping roof, give grace and lightness to the structure that rises above the tops of the trees crowning the rugged bluff. Distance gives to it the lightness of a castle built of straws, the closer view reveals it solid and substantial as the most realistic could wish. At a moderate elevation it commands in an un- broken circuit a panorama that for picturesque va- riety and beauty is equaled perhaps nowhere in the country. Having no near mountain heights to dwarf its own strong setting, it looks out from its own native wilderness over land and water diversified and changeful. It is restful, rather than overpower- ing with great heights and dismal depths. Right and left runs the valley with its checker-board of field and woodland ; its network of roads ; its quaint farm buildings gathered here and there in little knots that form hamlets and prosperous villages, and beyond, hills rising into the ranges of the Adiron- dacks that stretch across, pointed at intervals with the grander mountain peaks. Toward the southeast a splendid road winds through the trees to the dock where busy life attends as the steamers come and go. East a broad swathe has been cut out through the green trees down to the water's edge, where gleam the beach of *' The Singing Sands" circling in a broad belt toward the south, between the restless water and the thick growing cedars. Lake Champlain. 131 Towards the north are perpendicular cliffs that attain quite a height — the bluffs which undoubtedly gave to the point its name. They are cleft asunder at one place and made memorable by the tradition of the White Squaw and the Bloody Hand that left its marks on the walls, and later as the place where smugglers successfully landed their stores free from suspicion because of its seeming inaccessibility, to those who were not in the secret. Valcour island lies like a garden below, bordered with its varying belt of shrubbery. Beyond stretches the broad lake, dotted here and there with islands to the shores of Vermont, the Green Mountains be- yond rising into the heights of Camel's Hump and Mount Mansfield. North and east are Grand Isle and the Great Back Bay ; at the north Cumberland Head, the sweeping circle of Plattsburgh Bay where occurred that splendid naval battle of 1814— the last, as the battle of Valcour was the first, with the mother country — and nearer, the little island where sleep the dead of that eventful day. Within the hotel is found everything that apper- tains to a — oh, much, an ill-used term — first-class house. Every modern appliance tending to the comfort of guests will be fo«nd here. Its man- agement will undoubtedly be all which time and ex- perience has shown to be the most acceptable to the travelled public, for O. D. Seavey, of the Ponce de Leon, St. Augustine, Florida, is at its head. Excursions may be made by steamboat from this point south to Ticonderoga or north among the is- lands and on to the fishing grounds of the Lake. A fleet of boats, ranging from the light Whitehall skiff 132 Lake Champlain. to the dainty little steam yacht, are here for charter. Drives are many and varied, and equipages here to suit all occasions. The distance from New York is 308 miles ; fare $8.05. To montreal, JJ miles ; fare K^ - D. & H. RAILROAD STATION. $2.71. Quick and convenient train service will be maintained throughout the season north and south. Trains on the Chateaugay Railroad leave in the morning, arriving at Saranac Lake and the various hotels reached by the Chateaugay Railroad in time for dinner. Crab Island, some distance north of Valcour, is the burial place of the common sailors and marines who fell in the battle of Plattsburgh. North of this, and projecting well out across the lake, is Cumber- land Head, from which the shore recedes toward the north and west, then comes back in a wide sweep, embracing the waters of Cumberland Bay. The Battle of Plattsburgh took place here in 18 14. Stripped of detail, the account of this de- Lake Champlain. 133 cisive battle is as follows : On a beautiful Sabbath morning, beptember nth, 18 14, the American land forces under General McComb, and the American fleet under Commodore Macdonough, were simul- taneously attacked by the British land and water forces, under General Sir George Provost and Com- modore Downie. The engagement resulted in a complete victory for the former, only a few small boats of the enemy effecting a successful retreat. At the commencement of the naval engagem-ent, the British land forces, consisting of 14,000 infantry advanced against the Americans, 3,000 strong, en- trenched at points along the south bank of the river, but were repulsed with a loss of 2,500 in killed, wounded and missing. They also lost immense stores, which were abandoned in their retreat — which served them, right for breaking the Sabbath. The ruins of the old forts are to be seen on the south outskirts of the village. The largest — Fort Moreau — is in the centre. Fort Brown, on the bank of the river, and Fort Scott near the lake. Plattsburgh is a regular army post. The barracks, about a mile south of the village, near the lake shore, built in 1838, are occupied by a company of soldiers belong- ing to the regular army. Plattsburgh is on the west shore of this bay, a thriving village of 8,000 inhabitants. It is of con- siderable commercial importance, being on the di- rect line between New York and Montreal, 311 miles from the former and 74 from the latter. It is the northern terminus of the Au Sable (Branch) Rail- road, and from it the Chateaugay Railroad pene- trates the mountains toward the west. Plattsburgh is thoroughly cosmopolitan, with an opinion to offer 134 LAKE CHAMPLAIN. on every question of the day, exerting no mean influence through its wide-awake newspapers, the Daily Telegram, and the Sentinel and Republican — the latter instituted in i8ii,and, notwithstanding its age, one of the most reliable and ably conducted democratic weeklies in the state. The first settler in this region was Count Charles de Fredenburgh, a captain in the English army, The warrant conveying the land to him bore date June n, 1769. The property reverting to the state after the Revo- lution, was granted, in 1784, to Zephaniah Piatt and others, and incorporated into the town of Platts- burgh, April 4, 1785. A company was then organ- ized which, in June of the same year, erected a mill at Fredenburgh Falls. The estimate of expense contained among other items, the following : '* For bread, $65 ; for rum $80." They used a great deal of bread in those days. In the year 1800 Plattsburgh was the county seat, its territory extended from Lake George on the south to Canada and the St. Lawrence River on the north and west. The village then possessed a population of less than 300, and within the county limits were owned at this time 58 slaves. The Fouquet House is at the depot, and affords a convenient stopping place for parties arriving late or desiring to take an early train out. The Witherill House is near the post-office. It is elegant in its appointments, its pictures and decorations displaying a high degree of artistic taste. The Cumberland stands at the corner of Trinity Square. It is one of the oldest hotels. Lake Champlain. 135 but has renewed its youth, and is in splendid con- dition under its new management. Rates, $2.50 per day. Charles F. Beck, late of the Florida House, St. Augustine, Florida, and of Hotel Champlain, Rouse's Point, is proprietor. A free bus runs to trains and boats, and ample time is given for break- fast here between the arrival of morning train from the south and departure of train for the interior. There is also an excellent restaurant in the depot, under railroad management, where a good lunch can be had at a moderate price, or a really superior and well ordered meal during the twenty or more minutes given for that purpose between the arrival and de- parture of trains on the main line. The Chateaugay Railroad extends from Plattsburgh to Saranac Lake, a distance of 73 miles The first section was built by the State to reach Clinton Prison, at Dannemora, 17 miles fromPlatts- burgh. In 1880, it was extended to Lyon Moun- tain, 17 miles further ; but the influx of Adirondack tourists was increased, and the road that climbed an altitude of 2,000 feet, to Lyon Mountain, must go farther into the wilderness. So it was extended to Loon Lake. In 1888, 19 miles more were added, bringing it to Saranac Lake, dis- tributing its passengers by various stage routes that 136 Lake Champlain. branch from it to a score or more of summer hotels. By it tourists reach Chazy, Chateaugay, Loon, Rain- bow, St. Regis, and Upper and Lower Saranac Lakes, Ray Brook, Lake Placid, Mirror Lake, Cas- cade Lakes and Adirondack Lodge. A Wagner sleeping car leaves Grand Central station. New York, daily, the year round, for Plattsburgh, where passen- gers are given time for breakfast, before leaving for the interior. During the pleasure season, passengers can leave Grand Central Station at 7:30 P. M., con- necting with trains leaving Plattsburgh 7:30 A. M., and reach the various resorts in time for dinner. Passengers can leave New York at 6 P. M., by Hud- son River night boats and by the Adirondack special from Albany or Troy, reaching Plattsburgh at 12:20 and Saranac Lake 4:30 P. M., the following day. Sleeping and drawing-room car accommodations can be secured in advance at any of the stations. Draw- ing-room cars are run on all trains. A Sunday train each way will run during July and August connect- ing with sleeper for New York. 30. Cumberland Head is three miles from Plattsburgh. Near it occurred the naval battle of 1814. Continuing northward the west shore is low but picturesque in its irregular line of deep bays and projecting points, but of little interest historical- ly except for the old fort that once stood on Point au Fer, built, according to the best authorities, in 1774, then comes Rouse's Point. 31. Rouses Point, according to the United States Coast Survey, is about 107 miles north of Whitehall, although the deviation from the direct line made by the steamboat in reaching the various landings, increases the distance a number of miles. Lake Champlain. .137 It is a place of considerable commercial interest, and the most important port of entry on the fron- tier. Five railroads centre here, viz : The D. & H., leading to New York, the O. & L. C, to Ogdens- burg and the Thousand Islands, the Grand Trunk to Montreal, the Portland & Ogdensburg to the White Mountains, and the Central Vermont to Bos- ton and the southeast. There is a very good hotel at the station and another — Hotel Windsor — on the lake shore a half mile south of the village. 32. Fort Montgomery, a little way north of the long bridge, is an interesting ruin belonging to the United States. About a mile north of this a belt of woodland marks the boundary line between the United States and Canada. ^ ¥: ^ ^ ^ * The Islands of Lake Champlain lie principally in its northern and broader parts. The larger ones are North and South Hero and Isle La Motte, which, with others of less note, and with Alburgh Tongue — extending from the north centrally eleven miles south of the Dominion line — constitute Grand Isle county belonging to the State of Vermont. Concerning this section, that enthusiastic sportsman, Dr. George F. Bixby, editor of the Plattsburgh Re publican says : ** Here are islands which now appear in their original beauty as when Champlain first saw them, the abode of eagles, so secluded are they. Here is better fishing, all the year round, than any other body of water in Northern New York can boast of ; big, hungry fish, voracious pike, huge black bass, as well as the muscallonge — that nearly extinct fish — the noblest and gamiest that swims, ready for the 138^ Lake Champlain. fisherman at all seasons. In their season, water fowl abound — enormous black ducks and wild geese, with smaller game in abundance, while its facility of ac- cess from the Hudson and St. Lawrence for all kinds of craft ; hospitality of inhabitants, pure air ; pure water ; delightful scenery, eligible camping grounds and abundant bases of supplies, all offer irresistible attraction to those unable to endure the fatigue incident to a lodge in the vast wilderness, or that other class who are * constitutionally tired.' " In proof of the Doctor's faith in his own medicine is " Eagle Reef Lodge " on the North Sister, where lucky friend or luckless castaway may, alike, feel cer_ tain of a hearty welcome. South Hero, the largest of the islands, is twelve miles long and fills about one-third of the width of the lake. It is reached from the west by steamer, to Gordon's and Adams' Landings on the west and on the Vermont side by Sand Bar Bridge. Hotels and farm houses furnish accommodation at from $7.00 a week upward. Gordon's Landing is owned by D. I. Center. About 18 guests are provided for in the large stone house here. Post Office, Pearl, Vt. Entertainment can be had in the southerly portion of the island as follows: (Post Office address, South Hero, Vt.) "• Iodine Spring House," Capt. Warren Corbin, proprietor, on Keeler's Bay. Capacity about 50. Rates, $2 per day ; $7 to $10 per week. Open all the year. Distance 3^ miles from Gordon's Land- ing. '' Island House," O S. Keeler, proprietor. P. O., South Hero. Capacity 20. Rates, $2 per day ; $8 to $10 per week ; four miles from Gordon's, fare $1. ''Locust Grove," H. Kibbe, proprietor. Lake Champlain. 139 Capacity about 30; to Gordon's six miles. " Martin Brothers " are near Locust Grove, with accommoda- tions for about a dozen. Eagle Camp on Rockwell's Bay is the summer place of Prof. George W. Perry, State Geologist, of Rutland, Vt., who brings a class of his boys here annually for summer outing. Adams' Landing. Adams House will provide for about 20 guests at $2 per day; $8 to $10 per week. Open June to October. Edwin Adams, proprietor. P. O. address, Adams, Vt. Ladd's Landing is at the northern extremity of the island. Alfred Ladd will provide for 15 guests; Mrs. Julia Childs for 12. P. O., Grand Isle, Vt. North Hero extends northerly from South Hero, to which it is connected at Ladd's, by a swing bridge. The post office is North Hero, on the east side of the island about four miles from its south end. Steamer lands regularly through the summer. Boarding houses are as follows : Mrs. C. E. Dar- row, on Hubbard's Bay ij^ miles north of Bow and Arrow Point ; Mrs. H. W. Allen at the hamlet of North Hero; $1.25 per day, $6 per week. Open June 1st to October, with capacity for about 30 5 Nicholas Hale nearby with accommodations for ten or a dozen ; Mrs. Ruth McBride on the east shore, three miles north of the steamboat landing, will take care of 12, at about $6 per week. Open June to September; J. N. Parker will provide for 12 a half mile further north, at $i per day, $6 per week. 25 cents per meal. Capacity 6 to 10. Open June ist to October. Isle LaMotte is 9 miles north of Cumberland Head. It is 5^ miles long by about i}i wide. I40 Lake Champlain. About its southern extremity are valuable black marble quarries. On its west shore, midway, is the site of a fort, built in 1812, and near its north end the ruins of Fort St. Anne, built in 1866. The post office, located centrally, is Isle LaMotte, Vt. Communication with the New York shore is had by ferry to Chazy Landing and to Alburgh Tongue by bridge at the north end. The Island House is here, midway of the island, where the road runs to the four points of the com- pass. Capacity 15. Rates, $1.50 per day ; $7.00 to $12 per week. Open all the year. H. H. Hill, pro- prietor. Stage from Alburgh Station, 6 miles, 50 cents. Summer boarders are also taken at the houses of E. S. Fleury and N. W. Fisk, on the west side, and Cyrus Holbrook, N. G. Hill and M. Phelps, on the east side, in the southerly part of the island. At the northern part, on the west, doors are thrown open by D. T. Trombly, M. Carron, Wm. H. Yale and Wm. F. Hill, the last at the light-house, while the east side, north, is represented by the houses of C. G. & E. S. Holcomb and W. D. Osborn— all of which address at Isle LaMotte, Vt. Alburgh Springs is near the east shore of Al- burgh Tongue, a mile north of Alburgh Station, seven miles east of Rouse's Point. Its sulphur and lithia springs attract visitors who bathe in, and drink the waters. Hotels are the Alburgh Springs House and the Mansion House. Rates, $2.50 to $3 per day. The Great Back Bay is a revelation. It might remain undiscovered for years by the voyager through from north or south if not especially sought for. It is revealed in its broad beauty and Lake Champlain. entirety only from the hills that compass it about on the east. Glance at the map and you will note that it forms by considerable the larger body of the lake at its north end. It is entered through the narrow passage between North and South Hero Is- lands or through the long, slim passage at the north. Away at the south it stretches, cut across, finally by Sand-Bar Bridge ; at the north the open water is dotted with numerous small islands; east, St. Albans Bay enters deep into the main land, flanked and guarded by outstretching points and islands. This is noted fishing water and its shores favorite camping grounds. Some of these camps are for hire and some go only by favor. Camp Watson is one of the last. It is an ideal summer camp on an extensive scale, where Hiram Atkins, Editor-in-chief of the " Argus and Patriot" of Montpeiier, Vt., entertains his friends in royal American style. It consists of a large central cottage containing the dining-room, library and four sleeping rooms used in the cool early and late days of the season ; flanked during July and August by a long line of tents that suggests soldier life in earnest. At this time two cooks ar.d three or four table girls and four boatmen arc required to keep matters moving. Fifty people are often in camp, and 5uch is the power of the Atkins eye that they usually retire at lo o'clock evenings, and from that time until 6:30 of the morning refrain from any excess of noise or boisterous conduct, and attend regular Episcopal services on the Sabbath, the last, however, tnforced by a penalty too horrible for the average camper, with the average camper's appetite — and thirst — to cont( mf late for a moment. Camp Wat- 142 Lake Champlain. son has been established twenty years. May it stand a hundred. Camps along this shore to let are owned respect- ively by Zeb. Everest, Aldis Martin and Charles Rich. Summer boarders are taken by W. B. Hal- bert, George Youngers and A. Lazelle and Rocky Point Hotel, on St. Albans Point. Address at St. Albans Bay. St. Albans is a characteristic Yankee town, hav- ing a more cosmopolitan air, however, than most New England villages, due largely to the fact that the large construction and repair shops of the Cen- tral Vermont R. R. are located here. The lower part of the town, in the vicinity of the railway sta- tion, is level; but the land soon rises, and the prin- cipal business street, with the pleasantest part of the town, is built upon a gently sloping hill overlooking Lake Champlain, 2^/^ miles distant. A spacious park emphasizes the focal part of the town. It is spangled with pathways leading beneath fine elms almost as dense and stately as those of the storied aisles of classic New Haven. The Welden is the chief hotel of the town. Rates not given. J. C. Finch, proprietor. Aldis Hill, an elevation near the town commands the ranges of the Adirondacks and Green Mountains, and a wide stretch of Lake Champlain. The ride to Bellevue, a winding hillside road, leading to the top of a neighboring eminence, gives one of the most extensive views in the State. Samson's Lake View House is on the lake shore three miles north of St. Albans Point. P. O., Lake View House, Vt., H. L. Samson, proprietor. Capacity of house 50. Rates, $2 per day ; $10 to $12 per week. Lake Champlain. 143 Hotel Champlain, of the east, is at the north end of the *' Great Back Bay " locally known as Maquam, the western terminus of the St. J. & L. C. R. R. Close connections are made at Swan- ton with trains for Boston and New York. Ex- cellent fishing is found here, yielding small mouthed black bass, pickerel, pike and muscallonge. Fishing boats, experienced guides and all necessaries for sport can be had here during the fishing season. Pleasant drives lead back into the country and south along the lake shore. This is the original " Hotel Cham- plain " and not to be confounded with its new neigh- bor on the west shore. Rates, $2.50 per day ; $9 to $14 per week. Open June 1st. C. F. Smith, pro- prietor. P. O., Maquam, Vt. Telegraph office in the house. Continuing northward around Hog Island (made an island by the united waters of Maquam and Charcoal Creeks) the spreading delta of the Missis- quoi River is found where the " Swanton Gun Club " go regularly into camp. From this point is seen the noble expanse of Missisquoi Bay, 4 miles wide and extending down into the dominion of Canada an equal distance. HiGHGATE Springs is on the shore of the bay, backward southeast from the Delta. It is 14 miles north of St. Albans and about two miles south of the Canada line. The Franklin House and cottages standing here furnish excellent accom- modations for 150 guests. Judson L. Scott, proprietor. Board $2.50 to $3.00 per day ; $10.00 to $20.00 per week. Open from June ist to October. Post and telegraph offices in the house. The attractions are duck-hunting Lake Champlain. and fishing. The place is attractive, the fare and accommodations excellent, and the mineral water — ah, that water ! it should be tasted to be appreciated. It has been analyzed and the man survived ! Any- way, the spring houses look nice in a picture. MiSSlSQUOi Park is a few rods north of the sta- tion on the shore of Missisquoi Bay. Nature has been lavish of her favors here. The grounds are broken into delightful forms, shaded by far spread- ing butternuts, elms — graceful as weeping willows — and cedars, twisted and shaggy. Velvety sward and richly colored rocks and ledges, cropping out, com- plete the picture, and the Central Vermont railroad lias enhanced its beauties by making its enjoyment possible. It has encouraged Nature by building cozy seats through Lovers' Lane, and opening up se- cluded walks under the trees. It has built swings for two, of the kind worked by its occupants, with no one to interfere, and it has furnished the time- honored, inevitable dancing pavilion and nickle- drawing refreshment rooms. On the whole, the place is delightful, and is appreciated by the im- mense excursions that come from the north, south and east to enjoy its favors. And here we must say good-bye, and — whether your course leads westward to the sparking waters that mirror the Thousand Islands ; to the splendors that cluster around Mount Royal ; to the quaint places of Quebec, or eastward, to where you lose yourself among the mighty fastnesses of the White Hills of New Hampshire — wish you many happy seasons yet to come and '' Bon voyage.'' Index to Advertisements. Alphabetically arranged. HOTELS.— Adirondacks, Miller's Saranac Lake H. i6o ; St. Hu- bert's Inn, 159. Albany, Hotel Kenmore, 171. Glens Falls, Rock- well House, 151. Lake Champlain, Cumberland House, 151 ; Hotel Champlain, 167. Lake George, Central House, 155 ; Hun- dred Island, 158 ; Island Harbor, 157; Kattskill, 155 ; Lake House, 155 ; Lake View, 157 ; Mohican, 156 ; Sagamore, 157 ; Trout House, 157 ; Trout Pavilion, 155. Ticonderoga, Burleigh House, 158. Saratoga, Saratoga department of this book, Albemarle, 47 ; Claren- don, 47 ; Columbian, 47 ; Congress Hall, 47 ; Elmwood Hall, 46 ; Dr. Hamilton's, 46 ; Dr. Strong's, 40 ; Huestis House, 47 ; Spencer House, 46 ; United States, 46 ; Windsor, 47 ; Woodbridge Hall, 47 ; Worden,46. RAILROADS. — Chateaugay, 174. Delaware & Hudson, 173. Fitchburg, 175. New York Central & Hudson River, 172. STEAMBOATS.— Citizens' Evening Line, 152 ; Hudson River Day Boats, inside cover, Saratoga side of book ; People's Line, page 48, Saratoga side of book ; Lake George and Lake Champlain, 153. GLENS FALLS. — Hotel, 151 ; Insurance Company, 150 ; Livery, 149; Photographer, 150; Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, 150-151 ; Terra Cotta and Brick Co., 150 ; Business Cards, 147-151. LAKE GEORGE.— Business Cards, 154; Books and Pictures, 157 ; Drug Store, 154 ; L. G. A., 155 ; "Lake George Mirror," 154. PHOTOGRAPHIC Outfits and Publications.— Eastman's Kodak Company, 169 ; J. H. McDonald, 48 (Saratoga Department) ; Photo- Gravure Co., 152. BOOKS and PERIODICALS.— Adirondacks, 149 ; Forest and Stream, 168 ; Sun and Shade. 152. MAPS. — Adirondack Wilderness, 146-168, and inside front cover ; Lake Champlain, 149-169. INSURANCE.— New York Life, 170. CONGRESS WATER, 49, Saratoga side. MAPS, BOOKS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, PUBLISHED BY S. R. STODDARD, GLENS FALLS, N. Y. GUIDE BOOKS. The Adirondacks, Illustrated.— 16 mo., 272 pages, pseudo- cloth cover, 25 cents. Albant Evening Journal.—" Routes, fares to different points, time-tables, maps, guides, and whatever else the traveler is most concerned in knowing, are treated clearly and intelligently." New York Times. — " A book that may be read through from beginnini; to end at any time, and be found full of interesting reading matter.'" Troy Times.—" A delightful book, well spiced with anecdote and adventure." Saratoga, Lake G-eorgre and Lake Champlain, historical and descriptive, 16 mo., 200 pages, pseudo-cloth cover, 25 cents. Contains colored map three feet long, outline cuts of mountains, islands, etc., as seen from the passing steamer. MAPS.— Map of the Adirondack Wilderness. Pocket editioQ on map-bond paper, in board cover $1.00. Forest & Stream.—" It is the most complete map of the Adiron- dack region ever published, and is just what is wanted by a party intending to camp out." Shooting and Fishing.—" State officials consult it and the Fish Commissioners depend upon it for use of the State Game Protectors." Map of Lake G-eorg-e. Scale 1 mile to an inch. Pocket edition on map-bond paper, board cover 50 cents. Map of Lake Champlain. Scale 2'%. miles to an Inch, with smaller maps of the Richelieu River, and routes and dis^tances to im- portant points. Pocket edition on map-bond paper.board cover, 50cts. BOOKS OF PICTURES. Lake Georg-e. Twelve photogravure plates 10x12 inches, comprising over 50 choice bits of Lake George scenery. Bound in torchon board, with illuminated title, $1 50. Among" the Mountains of the Adirondacks.— Ten plates. Same style and size as Lake George, $1.50. Throug"h the Lake Country of the Adirondacks.— Same as above, $150. The Hudson River, from its Source to the Sea —Same as above $1.50. Au Sable Chasm. — Photogravure, twelve pages of pictures, 51^x7 inches. Illuminated title. In mailing box, 50 cents. SOUVENIRS OF THE NORTH. (Price 75 cents each, contain from eighteen to thirty representative views of sections in- dicated by their titles, reproduced by the Photo-Gravure Company. Size 5^x7 inches.) Saratog-a, Lake Georg-e, Blue Moun- tain Lake, Raquette Lake, Long: Lake, Tupper Lake Reg-ion, Luzerne and Schroon Lake, "Wild Lakes of the Adirondacks, (Au Sable Lakes, Tear-of-the-clouf's, Ava- lanche, Colden, Sandford, Henderson, etc.) Elizahethto^wn and Keene Valley, North Elba and beyond, Lake Placid, The Saranao Lakes, "Winter at Saranac Lake, Glens Falls, Howes Cave. In mailing; box 75 cents each. PHOTOGRAPHS of the Adirondacks, Lake George, Lake Champlain, the Hudson River, West Point Military Academy, Howes Cave, Mount De'^ert Island, the Bay of Fundv, etc. Prices, per doz. Crystal Stereos, $2 00 ; Boudoir Views (5x8) $3.60; Im- perial Views (7x9) S6 00 ; 10x14 Views, $1.00 each ; 16x20 Views (unmounted) in mailing tubes. $2 00 each. Lantern Slides. Any subject in mv collection of views at 50 cents each. Transparencies in nickel frames 5x8 inches, $1.25 ; 8x10 inches, $2.50. All goods above (except lantern slides and transparencies) sent postpaid on receipt of price. Address. S. R. STODDARD Glens Falls, N. Y. GLENS FALLS BUSINESS HOUSES. ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. BOOKS.— P. P. Braley & Co., 133 Glen Street. Booksellers and Stationers, dealers in wall paper, window shades, artists' goods, zephyrs, hammocks, lawn tennis, croquet, etc. Critteuden & Cowles, Books, Stationery, Fancy Goods, and High Art Wall Papers. Oldest house of the kind in Warren County. Business established in 1868. P. F. Madigan, Bookseller, Stationer and Newsdealer, No. 3 Warren Street. Musical merchandise, pictures, frames and sport- ing goods of all kinds. BOOTS & SHOES.— Hartman & Everest, Crandall Block. Monument Square, have boots, shoes, rubbers, leather and find- ings, with a line of specialties in E. C. Burt's and Gray Brothers fine work. Long Bros , 85 Glen St., carry a full line of boots and shoes, and sell them cheap. They have the exclusive sale of *' John Kelly's " fine fitting shoes for ladies ; and are agents for the " Light Running " Domestic Sewing Machine. Cash Shoe Store, cor. South and Elm Streets. We keep a nice clean stock of Ladies' and Gents' Fine Shoes, which we sell at honest prices. Thomas Thomson. CARRIAGES.— Glens Falls Backboard Co., D. L. Robert- son, President, W. B. Griffin, Sec'y and Treasurer. Patentees and Manufacturers of Art Buckboards, Warren Street. Nelson LaSalle. manufacturer of fine light carriages and sleighs, including the combination buck-board wagon. Special attention given to repairing in all branches. 36 Glen Street. CARRIAGE & SADDLERY GOODS.— J. E. Sawyer, whole- sale and retail dealer in carriage hardware and harness, robes, blan- kets, iron, steel and blacksmiths' supplies, carriage tops, coach colors and varnishes. No. 26 Warren Street, opposite Post Office. CLOTHING.— D. E. Peck, popular clothier and hatter, 16 Warren St. Men's, youths', boys' and children's tailor-fitting clothing, hats, caps, umbrellas, canes, hammocks, and gents' furnishing goods. Headquarters for trunks, travelling bags, &c. MERCHANT TAILOR.— Dennis McLaughlin, 141 Glen Street, (2d floor). All garments made up in first-class style. Satisfaction guaranteed. Rochester Clothing Co.. Glens Falls, N. Y. Fine Clothing a specialty. Young Men's Christian Association Building, Glen Street. Tripp & Ducret, manufacturers of Fine Custom Clothing. Isaac Tripp, salesman ; Edward Ducret, cutter, 145 Glen Street. DENTISTS.— Dr. James S. Garrett, Opera House Block. Dr. L. H. Graves, S. W. Cor. Glen and Exchange Sts. For two years Teacher of Operative Dentistry at the University of Pa. Difficult cases solicited.' DIAMONDS.— L. P. Juvet. Fine stones a specialty. 148 Glens Falls Business Cards. DRUGrS. — Ames & Baldwin, chemists and druggists, i 50 Glen Street. Physicians' Prescriptions a specialty. Finest and best equipped Drug Store in northern New York. Mail orders will receive prompt attention. Ferris & Yiele. i860 — 1892. Wholesale and Retail Drug- gists. Dealers in Painters' supplies, seeds, &c,, 124 Glen Street. Legrgett & Peddie. Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 137 Glen Street. Dealers in paints, oils, window glass, and artists' materials, tobacco, snuff and cigars, timothy, clover and garden seeds, etc. Reuben N. Peck, 8 Warren Street, druggist and apothecary. Specialties in patent medicines, perfumery, paints, oils, glass, etc. DRY GOODS— G. F. Bayle. Leading and largest dry goods and millinery establishment in northern New York, 139 and 141 Glen Street. Particular attention paid to mail orders. Byron B. Fowler, Exchange Building, 130 Glen Street. Dry goods, carpets, cloaks, laces, gloves, etc. Goodson Bros., dealers in dry goods. Sell strictly for cash. One price to everybody and that price the same every day in the week. 23 Ridge Street. ELECT rtlCI AN.— Geo. E. Adams & Co. See Hardware. Electric lighting apparatus, electric bells, annunciators for hotels, and every description of electric work put in and repaired. FIRE-ARMS.— T. H. Needliam, dealer in Fire-Arms and Fishing-Tackle. Repair work of all kinds promptly done. 19 Ridge Street. FRUIT. — A. M. Burdett, Groceries, Provisions and Fruits 5, 10 and 25 cent bargain counters, 186 and 188 Glen Street, Monument Square. FURNITURE.— Chas. E. Bullard. Furniture of every de- scription for the cottage or the palace. Picture framing, spring beds, mattresses, pillows, etc. Undertaker and Embalmer. Monument Square. Wilmartli & LaSalle, 15 and 17 Ridge Street, furniture and undertaking. Cottage furniture a specialty. Folding cots, piazza chairs, etc. This house having been in business in this place for fifty-one years, is competent to meet all requirements of its cus- tomers. GROCERIES.— J. C. Kelley, 13 Ridge St., Retail dealer in high class groceries. Pure teas, coffees and spices a specialty. Fresh canned goods of every description. Has exclusive sale of Larrabee's breads. Daniel Peck «fe Co., wholesale grocers, and general dealers in fine imported and domestic groceries, canned goods, etc. 11 1 and 113 Glen Street, and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Ridge Street. John S. Powers, dealer in fine groceries, teas and coffees. Wholesale and retail fruit dealer. Fine butter, fresh eggs, best cheese, olives and table luxuries, tobaccos and cigars. Sole Glens Falls Business Cards. 149 agents for Autograph flour. Boston coffee. i8 Warren Street, and 34 South Street. M. L. Robinson, dealer in fancy and staple groceries, flour, and provision of all kinds. Complete line of cigars and tobaccos. Thomson's Block, cor. South and Elm Streets. Smith & Horton, fine groceries, choice teas, coffees, flour and creamery butter. Canned goods a specialty. Crandall Block, Monument Square. W. H. Stewart & Co. A full line of fancy imported and do- mestic groceries constantly on hand. We make a specialty of hotel and cottage trade, and are always in a position to name prices that will insure a saving over any competitors. Send for catalogue. 126 Glen Street. HARDWARE.— Gleo. E. Adams & Co., dealers in Andes stoves and general hardware. Plumbing, steam heating, gas fitting, etc. DeLong" & Sons, dealers in hardware, iron, steel and stoves, 120 Glen Street. Gas fitting, tin work and plumbing done to order. Lock Box 247. Stiilwell & Allen, 134 Glen Street. Hardware, stoves, pumps, refrigerators, paints, brushes, etc. Rope and cordage. HOUSEHOLD (iOODS.— N. S. McOmber, 71 Glen Street, dealer in second hand goods of every kind ; also full line new mattresses, pillows and bed springs. Second hand goods wanted. JEWELRY. — L. P. JuTet, finest and largest stock in Northern New York. Tliompson & Floyd, watchmakers and jewelers, repairing a specialty, 85 Glen Street. LITERY.— H. R. Leayens & Co., Ridge Street, Glens Falls and Lake George. MARKETMEN.— Corbett & Callahan, dealers in choice meats, fresh and salt fish, vegetables, canned goods, etc., corner South and Elm Streets. Mason Bros , fresh and salt meats, canned goods, fish, oysters, and clams. Chicago dressed beef a specialtv. 94 Glen Street. MILLINER.— Mrs. H. W. Mason, Fashionable Millinery, Hair Goods, Ladies', Misses' and Children's Underwear, Hosiery, Corsets and Infants' Clothing, i Crandall Block, Monument Square. OP riCIAN.— L. p. Juvet. POULTRY.— H. R. T. Coffin, breeder of and dealer in thor- oughbred poultry, dogs, saddle horses, Jersey cattle, etc. Ad- dress for circular and prices. Glens Falls, N. Y. STEAM BOILERS.— G. E. Adams & Co., 145 Glen Street. Manufacturers of Adams' Pattern Safety Water Tube Steam Boil- ers for Yachts and Steamboats. SPECTACLES AND EYE-GLASSES, fitted to the eyes by scientific methods. L. P, Juvet. I50 i849- "OLD AND TRIED." iSga. Glens Falls Insurance Co., GLENS FALLS, N. V. One of the Oldest and Strongest Fire Insurance Com- panies in America. J. L. CUNNINGHAM, Pres't., R. A. LITTLE, Sec'y. GLENS FALLS TERRA GOTTA i.^^ BRICK CO. J. M. COOLIDGE. CHARLES SCALES, President Superintendent. FRANK M. TAFT. '^:<, ',!....« Monument Square, Glens Falls, N. Y. All work from this Gallery Strictly First Class and at a Reasonable Price. ¥aN W/IGNER k JiORRIS. Manufacturers of Superior Custom ^ Made Shirts, COLLARS, CUFFS AND UNDERWEAR. Elegant, Perfect Fitting, and Warranted to Give Entire Satisfaction. OPERA HOUSE BLOCK. 151 h Capacity, 100. Rates, $3.00 per Day; Special for Week or Season. C. L. ROCKWELL, Manager. MANUFACTURERS OF Silk Weft, Madras, Flannel, Oxford, Striped Sateen, and Plain SHIRTS. MEN'S LINEN COLLARSlCUFfS. Factory and Laundry — AT— GLENS FALLS. N. Y. CUMBERLAND HOUSE, Plattsburgln, N. V. UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. Located on Trinity Square. Richly furnished. Every convenience. Table unsurpassed. Free carriage to all boats and trains. Rates, $2.oo per day. Special for extended stay. CHARLES F. BECK, - Proprietor. (Late of tlie "Florida Hou-se,"St, Augustine, Fla,,aiid "Hotel Windsor," Rouses Point.) 152 Citizens' Line Steamers. Popular Hudson River Route BETWEEN . ]Vew York, Troy, ^aratog^a, T^ake George, And at all Points in the Adirondack Region. NEW PALACE STEAMERS, Saratoga and City of Troy. r ^^!^ ^ Lighted throughout by electricity. i( C^ "^2^3^ Electric lights and electric bells in every room, ^v^ FARE LOWER THAN BY ANY OTHER ROUTE. liEAVE NEW YORK Daily (e.Kcept Saturday), at 6 P. M., N. R., foot Chris- topher Street, connecting with all early Trains North and East. LEAVE TROY Daily (except Saturday), on arrival Evening Train, Sunday, 6 P. M. SUNDAY STEAMERS, BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH, TOUCH AT ALBANY. For Tickets and State Rooms in New York, apply at the office on the pier ; at 207, 257, 261, 271, 397, 944, 1323 Broadway, and 737 Sixth Avenue ; i Court Street. Brooklyn ; 838 and 860 Ful- ton Street ; 107 Broadway, Williamsburgh. In the South at principal Ticket Offices in Phila- delphia, Baltimore, Washington and Richmond. GEO. W. HORTOX, Vice-Prest. GEO. W. GIBSON, Gen. Pass. Agt, TROY, N. Y. J. CORNKLL, President. G. M. LEWIS, Gen. Ticket Agt. NEW YORK. An Artistic Periodical, Without Letter-Press. PaBLL2lSRED M0NTRLY. Each Issue of "SUN AND SHADE" consists of eig-ht or more plates of the hig-hest g-rade, on paper 11x14. The subscription price for " Sun and Sfiacie " is ^4 per year, in advance, commencing with No. 5, or any subsequent number. Single or sample copies, 40 cents. Orders for copies of Nos. I, 2 and 3 will be received at 60 cents each. No. 4 at ^1. N. Y. PHOTO-CRAVURE CO., PUBLrSHERS. No. 137 "WEST 23d STREET, N. Y. 153 SUMMKR ARRANGKMENT. SEASON OF 1891. " VERMONT," Capt. B. J. Holt, will leave Plattsburg at 7.00 A. M.; Bluff Point, 7.15 A. m. Port Kent, 7.35 A. M.; Burlington, 8.40 a. m.; Westport, 10.10 a. m.; arriving at Fort Ticonderoga, 12.25 P. m., connecting with trains lor the South and Lake George; returning, leave Fort Ticonderoga on arri- val of trains from the South and Lake George, 1.30 p. m.; Westport, 3.30 P. M., for Burlington, Port Kent, Bluff Point and Plattsburgh. BREAKFAST, DINNER and SUPPER SERVED ON BOARD. *' Chaxeaugay," Captain Bald^tvin, will leave Westport at 7.00 A. m., touching at Essex, Burlington, Port Kent, Bluff Point, Plattsburgh, Gordon's and Adam's, reaching North Hero, 12.20 p. m.; returning, leave North Hero 12.20 p. m., touching as above, arrive at Westport 6.45 p. m. MEALS SERVJED ON BOARD. ^JIKE (iEOI(GE iTEJIMEI(S. ^ "HORICON," Capt. J. D. Reeves, m\\ leave Caldwell on arrival of train from Saratoga and the South, 9.40 A.M., for way landings and Baldwin, connecting with train for Lake Champlain ; returning, leave Baldwin i p.m. for Caldwell and the South. "TlCONE)]©ROQA/' Capt. Arbiickile, ' leaves Baldwin 7.30 a.m. for way landings and Caldwell, con- necting with train for Saratoga. Albany, and New York ; leava Caldwell on arrival of train, 4.30 p.m. for Baldwin. IMIEAI.S SERTED ON BOARI>. GENERAL OFFICE^ GEORGE RUSHLOW, fr General Agent HUNTS city' DRUG STORE, "OLD STONE STOP?©." CALDWELL, LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. Prescription Department in charge of M. Asher, New York City. This Store may be depended upon for reliable pharmacy, and the high standard of excellence which has distinguished it in the past will be maintained. Drugs, Medicines, Fancy Goods, Druggists' Sundries, Perfumery, &c., &c. A Fresh supply of CHOICE CANDIES and CHOCOLATES constantly on hand. F»ark: & Tilford's Cigars. Japanese Goods aad Curios, Stationery, Artists' Colors, Ready-Mixed Paints and Pure Linseed Oil. ALL ORDERS WILL BE GIVEN PROMPT ATTENTION, Dr. W. J. HUNT, Proprietor. DRY GOODS i GROCERIES ^i,^i.fJ.: Lr'.^HIi. General Stock of Goods comprising everything needed in Cottage, Camp or Hotel. Special attention given to Fine Groceries. Orders by Mail promptly filled. D T. SAHD3, Main Street, Lake George. Oae door North of the Old Stone Store. DRY AND FANCY GOODS, FINE SHOES. < TH^lflKE GEORGE MIRROR > Is one of the handsomest watering place journals published. Its pages are devoted to light reading of the most approved watering place gossip. No scandal. If you wish to reach the best bred people or read all the news on Lake George, you cannot do better than subscribe or advertise in the -^EZLAKE GEORGE MIRROR. ^^ Subscription to the MIRROR, $i.oo for season, paid in advance. The Mirror is published for fifteen weeks from the first of June until the mid- dle of September. From three to four weeks longer than any other water- ing place journal published. W. H. TIPPETS, Editor and Publisher. Address during the months of November, December, January, February, March, April, May, Glens Falls, N. Y. Address during the months of June, July, August, September and Octo- ber Lake George Assembly, Lake George, N. Y. THE LAKE HOUSE, I^AKE GEORGE, N. Y. Under new management OPEN June i. Electric bells in every room, terra cotta fireplaces, etc. ; fishing, yachting and driving un- surpassed: reasonable rates for the season. For circulars address H. E. NICHOLS, Proprietor. CeNTRAlTMOTEU LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. -a.CC03Vi:3Vr03D-(^TI0ITS IFOIt lOO a-TJESTS. Under New Management. First-class tables ; Telephone and Telegraph in the house. Free omnibvis to all trains and boats. Finest case of relics of 1755 in the state. New barns for guests' horses. Kates, $2 per day ; $8 to 914 per week. S_ ID. BE-OTiVJSr, - - I'3r»o:p3ri©t03r»- MKE QE2RQE /U/EHBLT. PICTURESQUE SUMMER HOMES. Sermons on Sundays, Lectures on Tuesdays, Concerts on Thursdays, Amusements on Saturdays, and do as you please between whiles, provided you please to do right. For further information address L. G. A., Lake George, N. Y. ^^TROUT PAVILION,^^ KATTSKILL BAY, N. Y. Capacity 100. Rates, $9 to $12 per week. Post Office in the house. JOHN CRONKHITE, Proprietor. KATTSKILL HOUSE, lake georgeny. Open June 15th for the reception of guests. For terms and parti- culars, address a. P. SCOVILL, Proprietor, Kattskill Bay, N. Y. Mo>lkOM)>A<;K$. IN THE nOUNTfllNS. Jit iKe KeAd of ORLANDO BEEDE^ Proprietor, -^BEEDE VEm°CO .,°n.T.^ Open Juine 15th to October 1st. Mail, Telephone. Livery, and convenient Staa:e Service. . Spacious moms, open fire-places, steam heat, piire water, and perfect drain- ag:e arc all provded for. Wild wood Paths to Streams and Waterfalls. — ^ Trails to the tops of Maroy, Sky'light, Gothics, Colvin, Dix, Noonma^it^and the Giant. Opens Under Same* Management, June 1. ■FO/e PARTICULARS ADDRESS, [|®@d(g's, Ess®?? C@o, !Nlo Y, i6o CHANCE IN MANACEMENT. MILLER'S SARANAG LAKE HOUSE V ^ On the Shores of Lower Saranac Lake. ^ The management of this well known pleasure resort (which has been under lease the past two seasons), has been resumed by the owner. Improvements have been made to more fully meet the re- quirements of a first-class hotel. Large open fire places in office, parlors and dining-room. Nearly surrounded by a broad piazza. i,ooo feet of promenade. Accom- modations for 300 guests. BOOMS LARGE AND WELL TENTILATED. Single or in suits of from two to six communicating. Electric bells and all modern improvements. The sanitary condition of the house has been improved and every precaution taken to attain per- fection. Pure spring water. Connected with the house is a superior vegetable garden and dairy farm which supplies the tables. Trout and venison in their season. THE LOCATION AND CLIMATE Is highly recommended by eminent physicians for those suffering from lung and pulmonary diseases. Malaria and Hay Fever are unknown. SUPERIOR HUNTING AND FISHING Deer, trout, wild duck and other game in the immediate neigh- borhood. Trout are abundant in this lake and the brooks flowing into it. Lake trout trolling and fish ng is the best in May and June. Fly fishing in July and August. Deer shooting in August, Septem- ber and October. Partridge and duck shooting during the fall months. AMUSEMENTS. Boating, shooting, fishing, hunting, driving, croquet, bowling, billiards, lawn tennis, etc. A first-class liyery and a gener.\l store Connected with the house. Parties can be supplied with all the necessaries for camping, including guns, fishing tackle, blankets, etc. Telegraph, post-office and daily Tnail (New York daily papers delivered the day of their publication and Sunday papers at noon.) Terms per day, $3 to $4. $14 to $21 per week. Special rates for prolonged stay. Diagrams of house and city references furnished on application. For further particulars address MILO B. MILLER, Proprietor. H. H. TousLEY, Manager. Saranac Lake, N. Y. i67 mk ^•'"~""-''i ■■■'r^ i i he ^©(el ©hctmplain" On ttie Litie of tiie Dela\?vare & Huidson R. R., Ttiree IVlilea Soulln of Plattsburgii, N. Y. THE STJI»EE,B ^ unQmer J-fofef of fKe rio rtR . The northern tour is not complete without a visit to the *' Champlain/'' the most desirable and conyenient stopping place en-route. STRICTLY FIRST CLASS. i68 Sportsmen Never Enlarge the Truth More enthusiastically than when telling of the antlers the old buck carried off, or of the big fish that got away. But about a thing in hand exaggeration is less easy; it speaks for itself — for just what it is. (the weekly journal of fishing and shooting) Stands that test. We cannot begin to tell you all its good points. It speaks for itself. You will hke its breezy sketches of sport with rod and reel and dog and gun; its stories of camp life, its accounts of tramp and cruise. Ask your dealer for the current number or send to us. Sample copies^ lo cents. Per year, ,^4, We will send free (on mention of this advt.) our illustrated Catalogue of best Books on Shooting, Fishing, Camping, Yachting, Canoeing, Boat Building, Dog Training, Natural History, Outdoor Life and Field Sports. Address rOEEST AND &TREAM PUB. 00., 318 Broadway, N. Y, '^^-J^Sti^' 169 TKq FJ3J?vk C^i^incr?!.. A system which admits of the practice of photog- raphy without the least l^nowledge of the art is presented by the "Kodak." Anyone can use this camera. The operation of making a picture consists simply of pressing a but- ton. No dark room or chemicals are necessary. From twenty-four to one hundred pictures are made without reloading. By the aid of the "Kodak" a complete illus- trated record of every day incidents, a picturesque diary of every trip, beautiful bits of landscape and hundreds of interesting scenes may be readily ob- tained. PRICES, $6.00 TO $65.00. — - — ■♦«♦»»" THE # EASTMAN « COMPANY, For sale by all Photo. Stock Dealers. Send for Catalogue. 170 Two*For*OnQ. Proleclion ^ ^ Uo £amlFv or* eittate in e>9entof earfij eleatR, Profile^Lk IiiYe5lmenI ^ iJor ijouri>eff ir^ e^S'eni' of fon^ Fife. 5i>otR for fRc price of or^e uac^er a contraor of me ^f^^^y>^ J ip^^' Iff YORK LIFE INSnRAICE CO. JOHN A. MCCALL, PRESIDENT. ^asl7 (0^ssGfs, oO^r $125,000,000. gufplus, '' 15,000,000. Examine the ^^ POLICY WITH SPECIAL GUARANTEES," and the '^ INSURANCE BOND WITH GUARANTEED INTEREST." iJor parficuFar eKi.3.re«t>ji^, D. H. /1TER5, qemer/il /Iqent, Rooms 12 and 13 Union Bank Building, I7T The Leading Hotel of Albany, IT. 7. ^■'i^^'l^f'^ ''^ ""^ ^^'^^^^ "/ ''»«■ $100 mo 100 Elegant Rooms, Grand Dining Hall {Handsomest in the State), Lobbies, Heading Rooms, etc. Centrally Located. Convenient to State Capitol and other public buildings. Free Omnibusses in Attendance at all Trains and Boats. H. J. ROCKWELL, Proprietor. F. W. ROCKWELL, Manager. [72 PASSENGER RATES FROM NEW YORK - - VIA - " NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD AND CONNECTING LINES. NOTE. — Through tickets to the following points are on sale at all New York offices of the New York Central and Hudson River Rail- road. Excursion tickets are issued at prices given in the column of figures under "And Return." For further information apply to George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station, New York. TO Albany I3 Au Sable Chasm. . . . Au Sable Station.... 8 Blue Mountain Lake. 8 Baldwin 6 Caldwell* 5 De Kalb Junction 8 Elizabethtown 7 Forked Lake 10 Fort Ticonderoga. ... 5 Glens Falls 4 Gouveneur 8 Lake Placid : via Plattsburg & Cha teaugay R. R 11 Lake George* 5, Through and return via Ticonderoga.... Loon Lake 10, Lake Luzerne(Hadley)4 And Keturn .10 $6.00 14.50 60 15.85 95 17.00 70 .55 10.30 61 ,80 14.50 70 20.50 05 80 8.80 ,21 60 22.35 55 10.30 12.65 90 19-55 86 8.80 And TO Return. Malone I9 90 Montreal 10.00 18.25 via Lake George. .11.50 19.75 North Creek 5.94 11.00 Northville 4,98 Paul Smith's. ..... ..12.00 21.00 Plattsburgh 8.00 14.75 Port Kent 7.60 14.00 Potsdam 9.21 Raquette Lake 10.20 19.50 Riverside 5.70 10.50 Rome. 5.30 Rouse's Point 8.70 15.35 Saratoga 4.20 7.50 Saranac Inn 12.85 22.00 Saranac Lake (lower) 11.35 20.40 Schroon Lake 7.45 14.00 Troy 3.15 Westport 6.81 12.25 ^During the season a Special Excursion Ticket is issued for $8.50 good on Saturday to Caldwell, and return following night. 173 '\iiiiw I iiliii BAILBOAD TO THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, MONTREAL, QUtBtC, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Au Sable Chasm, Saratoga, Round Lake, Howe's Cave, Sharon Springs, Cooperstown and the CELEBRATED GRAVITY RAILROAD, between Carbondale and Honesdale, Pa., 67 miles shorter than any other line, between New York, Albany or Troy to the St. Regis Lakes. ONLY AN HOUR'S STAGE RIDE TO LAKE PLACID. The completion of the Chateaugay R. R. from Plattsburgh to Saranac Lake, opens up the very heart of the Adirondack Moun- tains to direct Rail Communication. Low Price Excursion Tickets To all the famous Adirondack, Lake George and Lake Champlain resorts are on sale at the Company's offices, Albany, Troy and Saratoga, during the season of pleasure travel. H. C. YOUNG, SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT. J. W. BURDICK, GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT, ALBANY, N. Y. 174 1S32. THCE ISaS. CHAT^AUGAY RAIUROAD BETWEEN PLATTSBURGH AND SARANAC LAKE, The Short All-Rail Line to the IN CONNECTION WITH THE de:uaware: anp Hudson r, r, THE ONLY LINE TO GRAZY, GRATEAdSAY AND SARANAG 12AKES ANB LAKE PLAGIB. Only EigM Mile Stage Ride, Saranac Lake to Lake Placid. Drawing Room Cars on all Trains Wagner Palace Sleeping Cars on all Night Trains, and Wagner Drawing Room Cars on all Day Trains between NEW YORK AND PLATTSBURGH. TICKETS, SLEEPING # DRAWING ROOM CAR ACCOMMODATIONS, and BAGGAGE CHECKED from the PROMINENT HOTELS. A. L. INMAN, M. L. FRENCH, Supt., Gen'l Manager. Plattsburgh, N. Y. pit(;l7bur(5 ^ I^ailroad, HOOSAC TUNNEL ROUTE, IS m 36 A^il^s Sljort^r m Tlian any other line from SARATOGA TO Boston, ^Vorcester, Seaside Resorts, and all points Kast. DURING JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, THE Comprised of Parlor Cars, Coaches, Smoking and Baggage Cars will be run daily (except Sundays) through from Saratoga to Boston without change, leaving Saratoga about 9.30 A. m. and i.oo P. M. arriving at Boston about 4.00 and 6.30 p. M., giving patrons a delightful ride through the < Beatitifal ©eepfield ^alleg. ^- Further particulars, tickets, time tables, seats in parlor car, etc., etc., can be obtained at 369 Broadway or Lake Avenue Station, Sara- toga, or by addressing J. R. WATSON, G. P.A. 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