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glOGRAPHICAL /\^N]^ALS 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
glOGRAPHICAL /^IsTIS^ALS 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT 
 
 UNITED STATES, 
 
 DURING ITS FIRST CENTURY. 
 
 FKOM OKIGINAL AND OFFICIAL SOURCES. 
 
 / 
 
 CHARLES LANMAN, 
 
 Author op the "Dictionary op Congress,*' "Pritate Life op Daxiel Webster," Etc., Etc. 
 
 -:^ 
 
 WASHINGTON : 
 
 JAMES ANGLIM, PUBLISHER. 
 
 187G. 
 
 h^l 
 
Ell '' 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by 
 CHARLES LANMAN and JAMES ANGLM, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 

 The success which attended the publication of my Dictionary of Congress, has 
 induced me to enlarge upon the scope and design of that work, so as to embrace 
 the entire Civil Government of the United States, during the first century of its 
 existence. In doing this I have endeavored to j^resent, within a convenient space, and 
 in biographical form, the names and public services of all those who have, in a prom- 
 inent manner, been identified with the National and State Governments of the 
 Eepublic. 
 
 The Biographical Sketches number about seven thousand, and these I have illus- 
 trated with a series of Tabular Records and Papers of an historical character, in 
 which will be found eight thousand additional names, making a total of fifteen thousand 
 personal references in the volume. 
 
 The classes of persons included are the Delegates to the Colonial and Continental 
 Congresses, the Senators, Eejiresentatives, and Territorial Delegates of the Federal Con- 
 gress, Cabinet Ministers, Justices of the Supreme and other Federal Courts, OflBcials 
 of the Executive Departments, Governors of States and Territories, Diplomatic Ministers, 
 and such other men as have held positions of honor and trust in the civil service, 
 exerted an influence on public aifairs, or acquitted themselves with acknowledged credit. 
 Indeed, in a few instances, I have over-stepped the line which separates the civil from 
 the military and naval history, but all the names thus added have a place in the 
 hearts of their countrymen, and no apology, I trust, will be required for their intro- 
 duction. 
 
 My purpose has been to give, in the most concise and impartial manner, a practical 
 and comprehensive idea of the working of our Government, as exhibited through its 
 personal representatives at home and abroad. Of many men, more might have been 
 written, but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind; and where not 
 enough has been said, the fault must be attributed to the indifference of the persons 
 mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends; and I have made it a point to 
 express no opinions of living men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard 
 to the dead. 
 
4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The information here presented has been obtained chiefly from original sources, 
 and from the archives of the Government ; while, for many of my facts and dates, I 
 have availed myself of other opportunities, and am especially indebted to the publica- 
 tions connected with the names of John L. Blake, S. Austin Allibone, George Riiiley, 
 I'rancis S. Drake, Joseph Thomas, and Frederick A. P. Barnard ; and I cannot but 
 hope that these records will be found so correct and conveniently arranged as to render 
 the volume indispensable, as one of reference, for all those who feel an interest in the 
 political annals and future welfare of our country. 
 
 Georgetown, District op Columbia, 
 January, 1876. 
 
C^oK'i'i<Nl'^- 
 
 First Part. 
 
 Biographical Annals. 
 
 FAQB. 
 
 Biographical Sketches 1 to 482 
 
 Second Part. 
 
 Tabular Kecords. 
 
 Delegates to the Colonial Congress 483 
 
 Tlie Declaration of Independence 483 
 
 Signers of the Declaration 486 
 
 Delegates to the Continental Congress 487 
 
 Presidents of the Continental Congress 490 
 
 Sessions of the Continental Congress 490 
 
 Articles of Confederation 490 
 
 The Constitution of the United States 493 
 
 Proceedings of the Convention which formed the Constitution 497 
 
 Letter of the Convention to the Old Congress 498 
 
 Proceedings in the Old Congress 498 
 
 State Eatifications of the Constitution 498 
 
 Articles in addition to, and Amendment of, the Constitution of the U. S. of America 498 
 
 Sessions of the Federal Congress 502 
 
 Speakers of the House of Representatives 503 
 
 Presidents of the Senate 504 
 
 —Presidents of the Senate pro tern 504 
 
 Secretaries of the Senate 505 
 
 Clerks of the House of Representatives 505 
 
 Chaplains to Congress 505 
 
 Successive Administrations 506 
 
 Executive Officers of the Civil Service 509 
 
 The United States Naval Observatory 512 
 
 The National Mint 513 
 
 Presidential Electors 513 
 
 Electoral and Popular Votes for Presidents 540 
 
 .Political Parties 541 
 
 The Justices of the Supreme Court 543 
 
6 COK TENTS. 
 
 PAGE, 
 
 Clerks of the Supreme Court 543 
 
 Reporters of the Supreme Court 543 
 
 Marshals of the Supreme Court 543 
 
 Justices of the Circuit, District, and Territorial Courts 543 
 
 The Court of Claims /^*^ 
 
 Organization of the Executive Departments .—547 '^ 
 
 The Dej)artment of Justice 548 
 
 Judicial Circuits 548 
 
 Interior Department 548 
 
 Treasury Department 549 
 
 Post OflBce Department 550 
 
 Rates of Postage on Domestic Matter , 551 
 
 Foreign Postal Table 554 
 
 Navy Department 557 
 
 War Department 558 
 
 Settlement of States and Territories 559 
 
 Territories of the United States 561 
 
 District of Columbia 561 
 
 Counties and Towns of the United States 5G3 
 
 Area of the United States 563 
 
 Origin of the Names of States 562 
 
 Length and Cost of American Wars 563 
 
 Chief Commanders of the Army 564 
 
 Progress of Population in the United States 564 
 
 Density of Population 564 
 
 Population and Ratio of Representation 505 
 
 Pay Table of the leading Civil Officers 566 
 
 Leading Government Publications 566 
 
 The Newspaper Press 568 
 
 Education in the United States 568 
 
 Colonial Governors of America 569 
 
 — The State and Territorial Governors since the adoption of the Federal Constitution 572 
 
 The Seat of the General Government 580 
 
 Table of Distances, by the shortest Mail Routes, from Washington to the respective Capitals. 580 
 
 Right of Suffrage in the several States 582 
 
 Qualifications for Elective Officials 585 
 
 Diplomatic Agents of the United States 587 
 
 Diplomatic Agents from Foreign Countries 612 
 
 International Arbitrations and Commissions 624 
 
 Treaties and Conventions 626 
 
 Rulers of Foreign Countries 631 
 
 Officials of the Centennial Exhibition 631 
 
 Additional Facts 633 
 
 Index, by States, of the Federal Congress 637 
 
 General Index C'55 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Abbot, Joel. — Was born in Fairfield, Connec- 1 
 ticut, emigrated to Georgia, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Wilkes County, in that ^ 
 State, from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member of the 
 Committees on Commerce and the Slave Trade. Died 
 November 19, 1836. 
 
 Abbott, Amos. — Born in Andover, Massachu- 
 setts, September 10, 1786. He was educated at a 
 district school, but spent the most of his life as a 
 trader and merchant. During the years 1835, 1836, 
 and ISa, he was a Representative in the Massachu- 
 setts Legislature ; and from 1840 to 184C a member 
 of the State Senate. He represented his native 
 State in Congress from 1813 to 1819. He opposed the 
 war with Mexico, but voted for supplies. Died at 
 Andover, Massachusetts, November 3, 1868. 
 
 Abbott, John C. — Bom in Concord, New Hamp- 
 shire, July 15. 1835 ; received an academical educa- 
 tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1853 ; from 
 1853 to 1857 he owned and conducted the Manchester 
 Guardian; was Quartennaster-General of MUitia 
 from 1855 to 1861 ; from 1859 to 1861 he was one of the 
 owners of the Boston Atlas and Bee ; in 1861 he raised 
 a regiment of troops for the war, and was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Colonel ; in 1863 he was made Colonel ; 
 and in 1865 he was bre vetted a Brigadier-General " for 
 gallant services in the capture of Fort Fisher ; " soon 
 after which, he settled in North Carolina, and en- 
 gaged in the lumber business. He was a Delegate 
 to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; 
 elected to the State Legislature early in 1868 ; and 
 was elected a Senator in Congress in 1868, for the 
 term ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on 
 Manufactures, Military Affairs, the Pacific Railway, 
 and Enrolled Bills. 
 
 Abbott, Nehcmiah, — Born in Sidney, Maine, 
 March 39, 1806. He was a lawyer by profession ; was 
 a member of the House of Representatives, in the 
 Maine Legislature, in 1843 and 1843, and was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions. 
 
 Abercromhie, James, — He was born in Geor- 
 gia, and, removing to Alabama, was a Representative 
 in Congress from that State, from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Acker, Ephraiin i. — Was born in Marlbor- 
 ough Township, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1827 ; 
 educated in common schools, and graduated at Mar- 
 shall College, Pennsylvania, in 1847 ; taught school 
 iwo years, and graduated in medicine at the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania in 1853 ; was editor and pub- 
 lisher of The Norristown Register; Superintendent of 
 Common Schools for Montgomery County from 1854 
 to 1860 ; was appointed Postmaster at Norristo'.vn in 
 1860, and removed after ser\-ing about eleven months; 
 was Inspector of Montgomery County prison three 
 years ; and was elected to the Forty-second Con- 
 gress, serving on the Militia Committee. 
 
 Ackerman, Amos T. — He was born in New 
 Hampshire in 1819 ; received a good education, stud- 
 
 1 
 
 ied law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1850 he re- 
 moved to Georgia and settled in Elberton, where he 
 practiced his profession ; in 1866 he was appointed 
 United States Attorney for the District of Georgia, 
 and remained in ofiice until 1870 ; and in that year 
 he was appointed Attorney-General of the United 
 States, and continued in that position until 1873. 
 
 Adair, John. — He was born in 1758, in Chester 
 County, South Carolina ; emigrated to Kentucky in 
 1787 ; served as a Major in the border warfare of the 
 time ; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, serv- 
 ing one year as Speaker ; was a member in 1799 of 
 the Convention which fonned the State Constitution ; 
 subsequently held the office of Register of the Land 
 Office in Kentucky ; and was a Senator of the 
 L'nited States, from Kentucky, during the years 1805 
 and 1806 ; commanded the Kentucky troops at the 
 battle of New Orleans, under General Jackson ; and 
 was appointed a General in the army. He was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, 
 from 1831 to 1833, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Military Affairs. Died at Harrodsburg, 
 May 19, 1840. 
 
 Adams, Andreic. — He was bom in Stratford, 
 Connecticut, in January, 1736 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1760 ; adopted the profession of law, and 
 settled in the practice at Litchfield, in 1764 ; from 
 1777 to 1783 he was a Delegate from Connecticut to 
 the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers 
 of the Articles of Confederation ; and in 1789 he was 
 appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connec- 
 ticut, and in 1793 Chief Justice of said court. He 
 received from Tale College the degree of LL.D. ; and 
 died November 26, 1799. 
 
 Adams, Benjamin. — Bom at Worcester, Mas- 
 sachusetts ; was a member of the Legislature, as 
 Representative, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, in 
 1814 and 1815, and from 1833 to 1825 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from his native State, 
 from 1816 to 1821, having first been elected to fill 
 the vacancy caused by the death of E. Brigham, and 
 was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary 
 Pensions and Public Expenditures. He died at Us= 
 bridge, Massachusetts, in April, 1837. 
 
 Adams, Charles F. — Born in Boston, August 
 18, 1807 ; spent the most of his boyhood in St. Peters- 
 burg and London, whilst his father, John Quincy 
 Adams, was Minister to Russia and England ; he 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1835 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; served 
 three years in the Lower House, and two years in the 
 Upper House of the Massachusetts Legislature ; in 
 1848 he was a Delegate to the Buffalo Convention, 
 and elected President ; was the candidate for Vice- 
 President on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren ; and' he 
 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the 
 Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellions 
 States. He was at one time the editor of a paper called 
 the Boston Whig ; was a contributor to the North 
 Americctn Revietc, and the editor of the well-known 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 Adams Letters, and is the author of the standard 
 Biography of his grandfather, John Adams. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was aji- 
 pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Kngland, in 
 1801. In 1864 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon 
 him by Harvard University ; and in 1809 he became 
 an overseer of that institution. 
 
 Adams, C, H. — Bom in Coxsackie, Greene 
 County, New York, in 1824 ; studied law and prac- 
 ticed until 1850, when he engaged in manufactur- 
 ing at C'ohoes, New York ; served as Trustee and 
 President of the Water Board in that place before it 
 was made a city. In 1851 served as Aid to the Gov- 
 ernor. In 1857 was elected a member of the Assem- 
 bly ; was State Senator in 1873 and 1873 ; was a 
 member of the Republican National Convention in 
 1873, and for a long time President of the National 
 Bank of Cohoes, and was the first Mayor of tlie city. 
 He was elected a Representative from New York to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Adams, George, — He was a citizen of Mis- 
 sissippi, and appointed United States Judge for the 
 District embracing that State. He resided at 
 Natchez. 
 
 Adams, George M.—Born in Knox County, 
 Kentucky, December 20, 1837 ; educated at Centre 
 College ; studied law ; was Clerk of the Circuit Court 
 of Knox County from 1859 to 1861 ; subsequently 
 served for a few mouths as a Captain in the Union 
 Army ; was an additional Papnaster of Volunteers 
 from 1861 to 1865, and was elected a Representative 
 from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on the Militia and Freedmen's Af- 
 fairs. Re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs ; and he 
 was, in 1875, elected Clerk of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives for the Fortj'-fourth Congress. 
 
 Adams, Green, — Born in Barboursville, Knox 
 
 CoTmty,Kentuck}', August 20, 1813; was bred a farmer, 
 but read law and adopted that profession ; in 
 1832 and 1833 he was Deputy SherifE of Knox County; 
 in 1839 he was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 re-elected ; he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of 
 the Committee on Engraving. He was also a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1844 and 1856, and a Judge of the 
 Circuit Court of Kentuckj' from 1851 to 1856. In 1859 
 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1861 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln Sixth Auditor of the 
 Treasury, and in 1875 he was appointed Disbursing 
 Clerk in the House of Representatives at Washington. 
 
 Adams, James Hopkins. — Bom in South 
 Carolina about 1811 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1831 ; was a member of the Legislature and Senate 
 of South Carolina, and was Governor of that State 
 from 1855 to 1857. After the secession of South Caro- 
 lina from the Union, he was one of the Commission- 
 ers appointed to confer with the President concerning 
 United States property in South Carolina. He died 
 near Columbia, South Carolina, July 27, 1861. 
 
 Adams, JTohn. — Born at Braintree, Massachu- 
 setts, October 30, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1755 ; instructed a class of scholars in 
 Latin and Greek for a subsistence ; studied law, and 
 having been admitted to the bar, settled at Quincy 
 to practice his profession. As a member of the Conti- 
 nental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, he was among 
 the foremost in recommending an independent Gov- 
 ernment. In 1777 he was chosen Commissioner to 
 the Court of Versailles. On his return he was chosen 
 
 a member of the Convention called to prepare a form 
 of government for Massachusetts. In September, 
 1779, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 negotiate a peace, and had authority to form a com- 
 mercial treaty with Great Britain. In June, 1780, 
 he was appointed Ambassador to Holland ; and, in 
 1782, he went to Paris to engage in the negotiation 
 for peace, having previously obtained assurance that 
 Great Britain would recognize the independence of 
 the United States. After serving on two or three 
 commissions to form treaties of amity and commerce 
 with foreign powers, in 1785 lie was appointed first 
 Minister to London ; and, in 1788, having been ab- 
 sent nine years, he returned to America. In March, 
 1789, the new Constitution of the United States went 
 into operation, and he became the first Vice-Presi- 
 dent, which office he held during the whole of Wash- 
 ington's administration. On the retirement of Wash- 
 ington he became, March 4, 1797, President of the 
 United States. This was the termination of his pub- 
 lic functions ; and he spent the remainder of his days 
 upon his farm in Quincy, occupying himself with ag- 
 riculture, and obtaining amusement from the litera- 
 ture and politics of the day. He died on the Fourth 
 of July, 1836, with the same words on his lips which, 
 fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the 
 floor of Congress: "Independence forever!" His 
 principal publications are, "Letters on the American 
 Revolution," " Defense of the American Constitu- 
 tions," an "Essay on Canon and Feudal Law," a se- 
 ries of letters under the signature of Novanglus, and 
 " Discourses on Davila." It was as Vice-President that 
 he had a seat in the Senate. In 1856 his life and 
 writings were published, in ten volumes, edited by 
 his grandson, C. F. Adams. 
 
 Adams, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Greene County, New York, from 1833 
 to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on In- 
 valid Pensions. He died at Catskill, New York, Sep 
 tember 28, 1854. 
 
 Adams, John Quincy. — Born in Braintree, 
 now Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767. When ten 
 years of age, he accompanied his father to France ; 
 and when fifteen, was Private Secretary to the Amer- 
 ican Minister in Russia. He was graduated at Har 
 vard University in 1787; studied law in Newbury 
 port, and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 1801 he 
 was American Minister to Holland, England, Sweden, 
 and Prussia. He was a Senator in Congress from 
 1803 to 1808 ; Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard Uni 
 versify, with limited duties, from 1806 to 1808 ; was 
 appointed, in 1809, Minister to Russia ; assisted in 
 negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814; and as- 
 sisted, also, as Minister, at the Convention of Com- 
 merce with Great Britain, in 1815. He was Secretary of 
 State under President Monroe ; and was chosen Pres 
 ident of the United States in 1825, serving one term. 
 In 1831 he was elected a Representative in Congress, 
 and continued in that position until his death, which 
 occurred in the Speaker's room, two days after falling 
 from his seat in the House of Representatives, Febru- 
 ary 23, 1848. His last words were : " This is the end 
 of'earth ; I am content." He was Chairman of sev 
 eral of the most important committees, and always a 
 working member of the House, He published "Let 
 terson Silesia," " Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory," 
 and various " Poems," beside many occasional letters 
 and speeches. His unpublished writings, it is said, 
 would make many volumes. An elaborate history of 
 his life was published in 1875, edited by his son. 
 Charles Francis Adams. Complete works in press. 
 
 A dams, Farm en io. — He was born in Hartford, 
 Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Batavia, Genesee County, New York, from 183:i 
 to 1837 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 Adnma, Robert IT, — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress, by appointment, from Mississippi, from Janu- 
 ary to May, in 1830, and died on the second day of 
 July following, at Natchez. 
 
 Aflfims, SnmiieJ. — Was born in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, September 37, 1722 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1740 ; studied for the ministry ; received 
 the degree of A.M. in 1743 ; was one of the first who 
 organized measures of resistance to the mother coun- 
 try, and drew up the instructions of the town of Bos- 
 ton against taxation in 1764 ; was elected a Represent- 
 ative in 1765 ; was chosen Clerk and served in that 
 body for ten years, and it is said he suggested the Con- 
 gress that assembled at New York in 1765, and the non- 
 importation agreement of 1769 ; addressed a public 
 meeting the day after the Boston massacre, and was 
 Chairman of the Committee to demand the removal of 
 the troops. In 1773 he organized tlie Committee of 
 Correspondence, which was first adopted by Massachu- 
 setts, and followed by all the provinces ; was a signer 
 of the Declaration of Independence ; was one of those 
 who matured the plan of the Continental Congress, 
 and he was Delegate from Massachusetts from 1774 
 to 1783 ; signed the Articles of Confederation ; was a 
 member of the State Convention which adopted the 
 Federal Constitution, and made some amendments to 
 that instrument ; on the adoption of the State Consti- 
 tution, he was made President of the Senate. He 
 was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts from 1789 
 to 1794, and Governor from 1794 to 1797 ; and died in 
 Boston, October 3, 1803. 
 
 Ad'tms, Sftmuel. — He was acting Governor of 
 Arkansas in 1844. 
 
 Adams, l^tephen. — He was a native of Frank- 
 lin County, Tennessee, and had been a member of the 
 Senate of that State. Removing to Mississippi, he 
 took an active part in public affairs ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress, from 1843 to 1847 ; he was elected Judge of the 
 Circuit Court, and from 1853 to 1837 was a Senator in 
 Congress from Mississippi, serving on several commit- 
 tees. He removed to Tennessee with the intention of 
 practicing law at Memphis, where he died of small- 
 pox, May 11, 1857. 
 
 Adams, Thomas, — He was a Delegate from 
 Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 
 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. 
 
 Addams, TFilfiam, — He was born in Lancaster 
 County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to 1839, and 
 served on a Committee for the Deaf and Dumb Insti- 
 tutions of New York and Ohio, He was also Auditor 
 of Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1813 and 1814 ; 
 Commissioner of the County from 1814 to 1817 ; mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature from 1833 to 1824 ; and 
 Associate Judge of Berks County from 1839 to 1843. 
 Died in the spring of 1838, aged eighty-two years. 
 
 Adf/afe, ^-l.«rf.— He was a Representative in the 
 Legislature of New York from Clinton County, from 
 1798 to 1799, and elected Representative in Congress 
 from Esses County, in that State, from 1815 to 
 1817, and was again a member of the Legislature in 
 1833. 
 
 Adrahi, Garneft B,— Born in the city of New 
 York, December 30, 1816. He graduated at Rutgers 
 College, New Jersey, in 1833 ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1837 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Engraving. 
 He was also elected a member of the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 
 Engraving. In January, 1861, he offered the resolu- 
 tion of thanks to Major Robert Anderson for his defense 
 of Fort Sumter. After leaving Congress he was de- 
 voted to his profession. 
 
 Ahl, John A, — He was bom in Strasburg, Franlc- 
 lin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1815 ; received 
 a good English education ; studied medicine with his 
 father, and graduated at the "Washington Medical 
 College " of Baltimore. He abandoned his profession 
 in 1850, and turned his attention to various kinds 
 of manufactures, and was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures. 
 
 Aiken, WiUiatn. — He was born in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, in 1806 ; graduated at the South Car- 
 olina College in 1835 ; was a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1838, 1840, and 1843 ; was Governor of 
 South Carolina in 1844 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1851 to 1857. He was con- 
 sidered one of the most successful rice-planters in his 
 native State ; and was one of the leading men of his 
 State who did not take part in the Rebellion. Noted for 
 his liberality, benevolence, and culture as a scholar. 
 
 Ainsn'orth, Liicien Lester, — Bora in New 
 Woodstock, New York, June 31, 1831 ; educated at 
 the common schools and at the Oneida Conference 
 Seminary, New York ; studied law and was admitted 
 to practice in 1854 ; in 1855 removed to West Union, 
 Iowa ; was a member of the Lower House and Senate 
 of the State for several years, and was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Akers, T/iomas Peter. — He was elected a 
 Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress for the unexpired term of J. G. Miller, and 
 served one session. 
 
 Albert, Willi am J. — Born at Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, August 4, 1816 ; educated at St. Mary's Col- 
 lege ; was bred a merchant ; retired from business in 
 1856 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was subse- 
 quently interested in banking and manufactures ; and 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Albert son, Nathaniel, — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was elected a Representative in Congre.ss 
 from the First Congressional District of Indiana, from 
 1849 to 1851 ; and was a member of the Committee on 
 Public Lands. 
 
 Albrif/hf, Charles. — Born in Berks County, 
 Pennsylvania, December 13, 1830 ; educated at Dick- 
 inson College ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1853 ; in 1854 he visited Kansas, and in 1856 returned 
 to Pennsylvania ; in 1860 he was a Delegate to the 
 Republican National Convention ; entered the Army 
 in 1863 : was commissioned Colonel, commanding the 
 Third Brigade, at Chancellor.sville ; was placed in 
 command of Camp Muhleuburg, Pennsylvania, to or 
 ganize troops ; in July was sent to Philadelphia to 
 assist in the draft ; in September, 1864, was assigned 
 to an independent command to protect Railroads and 
 the outer defenses of Washington ; in March,- 1865, 
 was promoted to brevet Brigadier-General of volun- 
 teers ; after the war, sent to the command of the Le- 
 high military district, to pacify tumults in the mining 
 regions ; in 1865, mustered out of service ; in 1873, 
 was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven- 
 tion at Philadelphia, and elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af- 
 fairs. 
 
 AlbrigM, Charles J. — He was born in Penn- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Bylvania, and was elected, from tlie State of Ohio, a 
 Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Alcorn, James Lunk. — Bom November 4, 
 181G, near Golconda, Illinois ; settled in Kentucky ; 
 was educated at Cumberland College ; was appointed 
 Deputy Sheriff of Livingston County, and held the 
 office for five years ; in 1843 he was elected to the 
 Legislature ; he removed in 1844 to Mississippi ; en- 
 tered upon the practice of law ; served sixteen years 
 in tlie Legislature of that State, in the House, and in 
 Senate ; in 1853 he was chosen Elector ; nominated 
 in 1857 for Governor, but declined ; was founder of 
 the levee system in liis State ; in 1858 he was chosen 
 President of the Levee Board of the Mississippi-Ya- 
 zoo Delta ; was elected to the State Convention of 
 1851, and again to that of 1861, the latter body electing 
 him a Brigadier-General ; in 1865 he was elected to 
 the Senate of the United States, but not allowed to 
 take his seat ; in 1869 he was elected Governor of 
 Mississippi ; and elected to the Senate of the United 
 States in 1871, for six years, serving on the Committees 
 on Mines and Mining, Revision of Laws, Naval Af- 
 fairs, and Levees of the Mississippi River. 
 
 Aldrich, Ci/rus.— Bom in Smithfield, Rhode Is- 
 land, in June, 1808 ; received a common-school edu- 
 cation ; lias followed the various occupations of a 
 sailor, a boatman, a farmer, a contractor on public 
 works, and a mail contractor ; was a member of the 
 Illinois Legislature ; a.Uo a Register of Deeds and 
 Register of the Land Office at Dixon, in that State, 
 for four years ; and, having removed to Minnesota, 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
 that State ; Member of the County Board of Hennepin 
 County, in that State ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Minnesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Agricul- 
 ture. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; and 
 was Cliaii-man of the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 After leaving Congress he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln a Commissioner to settle claims against tlie 
 Sioux Indians. In February, 1867, he was appointed 
 by President Johnson Postmaster at Minneapolis, 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Alexatuler, Adam J?,— He was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Virginia, and was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Madison County, Tennessee, 
 from 1833 to 1837, and served as a member of the 
 Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. 
 
 Alexander, Evan, — Bom in North Carolina ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1787 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature for two years ; and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 
 (o 1809. Died October 38, 1809. 
 
 Alexander, ffcHr?/ J*.— He was born in New 
 York, in 1803 ; engaged in commerce ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Herkimer County, in 
 that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of 
 the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
 ment. Died at Little Falls, February 33, 1867. 
 
 Alexander, ,Tanies, Jr, — He was bom in 
 
 Maryland : was a resident of St. Clairsville, Belmont 
 County, Ohio, and elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from the Eleventh District of that State, from 
 1837 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Public Expenditures. Died August 6, 1846. 
 
 Alexander, John. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Ohio, May 4, 1813, servinsr 
 till 1817. 
 
 Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1833, and 
 served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, 
 Ways and Means, and Expenditures in the State De- 
 partment, and the District of Columbia. 
 
 Alexander, Nathaniel. — Graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1776, and, after studying medicine, 
 entered the army. At the close of the war he resided 
 at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profession, 
 and afterwards at Mecldenburg. While he held a 
 seat in Congress, as a Representative from North 
 Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the Legislature elected 
 him Governor for 1806. He died at Salisbury, March 
 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he 
 is said to have discharged his duty with ability and 
 firmness. 
 
 Alexander, Eoberf. — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 
 
 1777. 
 
 Alford, Julius C, — He was born in Georgia, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Troup County, in that State, from 1839 to 1843, and 
 served as a member of the Committee on Indian Af- 
 fairs. 
 
 Allen, Andretv, — He was a Delegate from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Continental Congress in 1775 to 1776. 
 
 Allen, Charles. — He was born in Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, August 9, 1797, and was a representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. 
 and a member of the Committee on the District of 
 Columbia. He was also a member of the State Leg- 
 islature in 1839, 1833, 1834, 1838, and 1840 ; and a 
 State Senator in 1835, 1838, and 1839 ; Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas from 1843 to 1844 ; Chief 
 Justice of the Superior Court of Suffolk County from 
 1858 to 1859 ; and subsequently Chief Justice of the 
 Superior Court of" the State. He was a member of 
 the State Constitutional Conventions of 1853 and 1859; 
 and a Commissioner to negotiate the Webster Treaty 
 in 1843. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Con- 
 gress of 1861. Died iii Worcester, August 6, 1869. 
 
 Allen, Chilton. — He was born in Albemarle 
 County. Virginia, April 6, 1786, and settled in Ken- 
 tucky as a wheelwright. He educated himself for 
 the legal profession ; from Clark County was elected 
 in 1811 to the Legislature of Kentucky for several 
 tenns ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1831 to 1837, officiating as Chaii-man 
 of the Committee on Territories, and a member of the 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was Pres- 
 ident of the Board of Internal Improvement ; and in 
 1843 he was again returned to the State Legislature, 
 which was the last public position he occupied. He 
 died at Winchester, September 3, 1858. He was a 
 man of ability and of rare virtues. 
 
 Allen, Elislia H. — Born in New Salem, Massa- 
 chusetts, January 38, 1804 ; was bred a lawyer ; 
 served in the Legislature of Maine from 1836 to 1841, 
 and in 1846 ; in 1838 as Speaker ; and was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1841 to 
 1843, serving as a member of the Committee on Man- 
 ufactures. In 1847 he removed to Boston, and was 
 elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1849 ; 
 after which he was appointed Consul to Honolulu, 
 and has since that time been connected with the Gov- 
 ernment of the Sandwich Islands. In 1856 he visited 
 the United States as Envoy ; and in 1857 was Chief 
 Justice and Chancellor of the Sandwich Islands, serv- 
 ing until 1804. 
 
 Alexander, Marh. — He was bom in Mecklen- Allen, Heman. — He was born in 1776 ; was a 
 burg County^ Virginia, and elected a Representative in I resident, if not a native of Milton, Vermont ; adopted 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tlie profession of law, in whicli he became distin- 
 guished ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Vermont from 1833 to 1839, serving as an active mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Claims. He subsequently 
 settled in Burlington, Vermont, where he died De- 
 cember 11, 1844. 
 
 Allen, ITeman. — He was born in 1779, and a 
 resident of Colchester, Vermont ; he graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 179.5, and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden County in 
 1808 and 1809 ; from 1811 to 1814 he was Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Chittenden County Court ; from 1812 to 
 1817 he was an active member of the State Legisla- 
 ture ; was appointed Quartermaster of Militia, with 
 the title of Brigadier ; and was a Trustee of the Uni- 
 versity of Vermont. He was first elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Vermont in 1817, but re- 
 signed in 1818 to accept from President Monroe the 
 appointment of United States Marshal for the Dis- 
 trict of Vermont. In 1823 he received from the same 
 President the appointment of Minister to Chili, which 
 he resigned in 1828 ; in 1830 he was appointed Presi- 
 dent of the United States Branch Bank, at Burling- 
 ton, which he held until the expiration of its char- 
 ter, after which he settled in the town of Highgate, 
 Vermont, where he died of heart disease, April 9, 
 1852. 
 
 Allen, James C — He was born in Shelby Coun- 
 ty, Kentucky, January 28, 1833 ; received a good 
 common-school education, studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in Indiana in 1843 ; in 1846 was 
 elected for two years Prosecuting Attorney in the 
 Seventh Judicial District of Indiana ; and. having re- 
 moved to Illinois in 1848, was elected a member, in 
 1850 and 1851, of the State Legislature, and was 
 chosen a Representative in Congress from Illinois, 
 from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress, when his seat was contested unsuccessful- 
 ly. He was chosen Clerk of the House of Represent- 
 atives for the Thirty-fifth Congress, and in 1862 he 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress as a 
 Representative, serving on the Committees on Indian 
 Affairs and Unfinished Business. 
 
 Allen, tToliii, — Bom in Great Barrington, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1763 ; was a lawyer by profession, and a 
 member of the State Council of Connecticut for several 
 years ; was a Representative from that State during 
 the last Congress which was held in Philadelphia, 
 from 1797 to 1799. He died at Litchfield, Connecticut, 
 July 31, 1812. 
 
 Allen, John J. — He was bom in Virginia ; was 
 a resident of Harrison County, and was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1833 
 to 1835, and served as a member of the Committee on 
 the District of Columbia. He subsequently held the of- 
 fice of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. 
 
 Allen, John W. — Bom in Litchfield, Connecti- 
 cut, in 1802 ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and 
 was a member of the Senate of that State from 1835 
 to 1837 ; also Mayor of Cleveland ; and was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on the Militia and 
 MUitary Affairs. He was the son of John Allen, of 
 Great Barrington, Massachusetts. 
 
 Allen, Joseph. — He was born in Boston ; was a 
 merchant in Leicester, and benefactor of the Academy 
 there ; twice Elector for President ; was a Clerk of 
 the County Court and a State Councilor ; and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 
 1810 to 1811, having succeeded J. Upham, resigned. 
 He died at Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged sev- 
 enty-eight years. 
 
 Allen, Juflson.—fle was bora in Connecticut, 
 and removing to New York was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State, from 1839 to 1841, 
 and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. 
 
 Allen, Nathftniel. — He was bom in Dutchess 
 County, New York ; served in the Assembly of that 
 State in 1812, and was a Representative in Congress, 
 from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the Committee 
 on Manufactures. 
 
 Allen, Philip, — He was bom in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, September 1, 1785; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1803 ; was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture in 1819, 1820, and 1821 ; devoted much attention 
 to the business of manufacturing ; was Governor of 
 Rhode Island during the years 1851, 1852, and 
 1853 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 liis native State, from March 3, 1853, for six years, 
 serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce 
 and on Naval Affairs. He constructed the first Watt 
 & Boulton Steam-Engine in Providence. Died in 
 Providence, Rhode Island, December 16, 1865. 
 
 Allen, Richard C. — He was a citizen of Florida, 
 and was one of the earliest United States Judges ap- 
 pointed for the District embracing that State. 
 
 Allen, Soberf, — Bom in Augusta County, Vir- 
 ginia. He was a Colonel in the army under General 
 Jackson ; a Representative in Congress from Tennes- 
 see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a member of the 
 Committees on Commerce, the Library, and Revolu- 
 tionary Claims. He died at Carthage, Tennessee, 
 August 19, 1864, aged sixty-seven years. 
 
 Allen, Hobert. — Bom in Woodstock, Shenan- 
 doah County, Virginia, July 30, 1794. He was edu- 
 cated at Dickinson and Washington Colleges, having 
 left the latter institution on a furlough of throe 
 months, for the purpose of joining a volunteer mili- 
 tary force in 1813, but returned and graduated. He 
 studied law, and practiced in his native place. He 
 held for a time the office of Prosecutor for the Com- 
 monwealth ; served five years in the Senate of Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from tliat 
 State, from 1827 to 1833, serving on the Committee 
 for the District of Columbia. 
 
 Allen, Samuel C. — Bom in Franklin County, 
 Massachusetts, January 5, 1772 ; graduated at Dart 
 mouth College in 1794 ; was a Representative in the 
 Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1810 ; a State 
 Senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831 ; and a mem- 
 ber of the Executive Council in 1829 and 1830 ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, 
 from 1817 to 1829, officiating as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Accounts. He was at one time a Congrega- 
 tional preacher, but subsequently turned his atten- 
 tion to law and literature. He died at Northfield, 
 February 8, 1842, aged seventy years. 
 
 Allen, William. — He was born in Edenton, 
 North Carolina, in 1806 ; received a good education ; 
 connected by family ties with Allen G. Thunnan ; 
 was an early emigrant to the State of Ohio ; adopted 
 the profession of law, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1835. serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1849, serv- 
 ing as a member of several important Committees. 
 In 1874 he became Governor of Ohio, serving as such 
 until 1876. 
 
 Allen, William. — Bom in Butler County, Ohio, 
 August 13, 1827 ; received a good English education, 
 and taught school for a time ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1850 he was elected 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 a County Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected in 
 
 1853 ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative from 
 Oliio to the Thirty-sixtli Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving as Cliairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures in Interior Department. Was 
 a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864, and 
 also to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
 Allen, WiUiam J. — He was born in Tennessee 
 in 1828 ; removed with his father to Illinois in 1829 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 184S ; in 
 
 1854 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in 
 
 1855 was appointed United States Attorney for the 
 District of Illinois, which he resigned in 1860, and 
 was then elected .Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1862 
 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexiiired term of 
 John A. Logan, resigned, and was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Claims. 
 
 Allen, M'illis, — He was bom in Tennessee, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 
 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Allet/, John B, — Born in Lynn, Massachusetts, 
 January 7, 1817, received a good common-school edu- 
 cation; was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and received 
 his freedom when nineteen years of age, after which 
 he devoted himself to trading ; he subsequently en- 
 tered largely into the shoe and leather business, which 
 he has since followed ; he served several years in 
 the City Councils of Lynn ; was a member of the 
 Governor's Council in 1851 ; a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Senate in 1852 ; of the State Constitutional 
 Convention held in 1853 ; and in 1858 was elected a 
 Re])resentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Of- 
 fices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh, 
 and also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post 
 Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving again on the Post Office Committee, and as a 
 member of that on the Banlsrupt Law. He was also 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
 Allison, James. — Born in Cecil County, Mary- 
 land, October 4, 1772 ; studied law and acquired a 
 high position at the bar of Western Pennsylvania ; 
 was elected a Representative from that St.ate to the 
 Eighteenth Congress ; was re-elected to the Nine- 
 teenth Congress, but on account of ill-health and his 
 dislike of public life, declined the position ; and after 
 practicing his profession for fifty years, died in June. 
 1854. 
 
 Allison, J oil n. — He was a son of James Allison, 
 and was born in Pennsylvania, August 5, 1812 ; 
 studied law, but never practiced the profession ; was 
 elected to the Assembly of his State in 1846, 1847, and 
 1849 ; and he was a Representative from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Thirty-second and Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gresses, and declined a nomination for re-election. On 
 the 1st of April, 1869, he was appointed Register of 
 the Treasury. 
 
 Allison, Robert, — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
 vania, from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Allison, Willitini J5. — He was bom in the 
 township of Perry, Wayne County, Ohio, March 3, 
 1839 ; spent the most of his boyhood on a farm ; was 
 educated chiefly at Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, 
 and at the Western Reserve College, Ohio ; studied 
 
 law, came to the bar in 1851, and practiced the pro- 
 fession in Ohio until 1857, when he settled in Du- 
 buque, Iowa. He was a delegate to the Chicago Con- 
 vention of 1860 ; in 1861 he was a member of the 
 Governor's staff, and rendered essential service in 
 raising troops for the war ; and in 1862 he was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands 
 and Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways 
 and Means, Mines and Mining, and Expenses in the 
 Interior Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth and 
 Forty-first Congresses. In 1873 he was elected to 
 the United States Senate for the term ending in 1879, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian 
 Affairs, and also on the Committees on the Library 
 and Appropriations. 
 
 Allsto}i, Joseph, — Born in 1778 ; he was aplanter 
 of education and ability, and several years a member 
 of tlie South Carolina Legislature, and was Governor 
 of that State from 1813 to 1814. Died September 10, 
 1816. He married a daughter of Aaron Burr, and for 
 that reason was suspected, but unjustly, of being con- 
 cerned in the questionable enterprises of that famous 
 man. His wife was lost at sea on her passage from 
 New York to Charleston in 1813. 
 
 Allston, Boberf F. IF.— Born in All Saints' Par- 
 ish, South Carolina, April 31, 1801 ; graduated at West 
 Point in 1821 ; retired from the army in 1822, and set- 
 tled upon a rice plantation, on the Pedee river. He 
 was Surveyor-General of the State from 1823 to 1837 ; 
 member of the Legislature from 1828 to 1833 ; State 
 Senator from 1832 to 1856 ; and President of that body 
 from 1850 to 1856 ; Trustee of South Carolina Col- 
 lege from 1841 to 1864. Author of "Memoir on Rice," 
 "Report on Public Schools," essay on "Sea Coast 
 Crops." Died near Georgetown, South Carolina, 
 AprU 7, 1864. 
 
 Allyn, Joseph P, — He was a native of Connec- 
 ticut, from which State he was appointed an A.ssociate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Arizona. 
 
 Alsop, John, — Bom in Middletown, Connecticut; 
 was an opulent merchant, and by his ability, patriot- 
 ism, and integrity secured his election to the Conti- 
 nental Congress in 1774, serving two years in that 
 body. On the occupation of New York by the British, 
 he withdrew to Middletown, Connecticut, returning 
 after the peace. Died in 1794. 
 
 Alston, Lemuel J. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811 
 
 Alston, Willifim J, — He was bom in Georgia, 
 and removing to Alabama, was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was 
 a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post 
 Roads. 
 
 Alston, Willis. — Born in Halifax County, North 
 Carolina. He appeared in public life as early as 1794, 
 serving in the State Legislature for several years, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from North Caro- 
 lina, from 1799 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. Dur- 
 ing the war of 1812 he was Chairman of tlie Com- 
 mittee of Ways and Means. Died April 10, 1837. 
 
 Alvord, James C — He was a native of Massa- 
 chusetts ; received a liberal education ; adojited the 
 profession of law ; served one term in each branch of 
 the State Legislature ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress, 
 but died before taking his seat, in the latter part of 
 1839. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Ambler, Jacob A. — This man was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1829 ; studied law 
 in Ohio ; was elected in 1857 to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and served two terms ; was appointed in 1839 
 Judge of the Ninth Judicial District, and served until 
 1867, when he resumed his profession ; was elected to 
 the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign 
 Affairs. 
 
 Ames, Adelbcrt, — He was born in Rockland, 
 Maine, October 31, 1835 ; received a classical educa- 
 tion ; entered the Military Academy- at West Point, 
 and graduated in 1861 ; was commissioned second 
 Lieutenant of Artillery ; brevetted Major tor gallant 
 services at the battle of Bull Run, where he was 
 wounded ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for services at 
 the battle of Malvern Hill ; was appointed Colonel of 
 Volunteers ; brevetted Colonel for services at the bat- 
 tle of Gettysburg : brevetted Major-General of Volun- 
 teers for services at Fort Fisher, and again brevetted 
 Major-General, United States Army, at the close of the 
 war, for gallant and meritorious services in the field 
 during the Rebellion ; was appointed Provisional Gov- 
 ernor of Mississippi in 1868 ; appointed to the com- 
 mand of the Department of Mississippi in 1869 ; and 
 was elected to the United States Senate for sis 
 years, tailing his seat in 1870 ; serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Military' Affairs and Removal of Political 
 Disabilities. In 1873 he was elected Governor of Mis- 
 sissippi. 
 
 Ames, Fisher. — He was bom in Dedham, 
 Massachusetts, April 9, 1758 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1774 ; studied law in Boston, and com- 
 menced the practice of it in his native town. He dis- 
 tinguished himself as a member of the Massachusetts 
 Convention for ratifying the Constitution in 1788 ; from 
 that l)ody he passed into the State Legislature ; and 
 was soon afterwards elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress, where he served from 1789 to 1797, and gained 
 great reputation for his eloquence and exalted patri- 
 otism. He was devotedly attached to Washington, 
 and was the author of the " Address " from the House 
 of Representatives to the President prior to his retire- 
 ment from office. After leaving Congress, he devoted 
 himself for a few years to the practice of his profes- 
 sion ; but, giving that up, he devoted himself exclu- 
 sively to farming. He was elected President of Har- 
 vard University in 1804, but declined the honor, and 
 received from that institution the degree of LL.D. 
 He wrote much for the papers on the public affairs of 
 America, England, and France, and both as a writer 
 and orator he attained a very prominent position, and 
 exerted an extensive influence. He died in Dedham, 
 July 4, 1808. In 1809 a collection of his writings and 
 his life were published by Rev. Dr. Kirkham ; and in 
 1854 a more complete edition was issued, edited by 
 his sou. 
 
 Ames, Oakes. — He was born in Easton, Bristol 
 County, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804 ; was for 
 years a manufacturer by profession ; was a member, 
 for two years, of the Executive Council of the State, 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Representative from 
 Massachusetts to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Man- 
 ufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad and 
 Manufactures ; was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and re-elected 
 to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses. Died in North Easton, May 8, 1873. 
 
 Ames, Samuel. — He was for ten years Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 
 and died suddenly at Providence, December 20, 
 1865. 
 
 Ancotia, Sydenham E. — He was born in War- 
 wick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 
 1824, and, removing to Berks County, was for several 
 years connected with the Reading Railroad Company. 
 He was elected in 1860 a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress serving on 
 the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures. 
 In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committees on 
 Jlanufactures and on the Militia. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Military Affairs ; and he was one of the Representa- 
 tives designated by the House to attend the funeral 
 of General Scott in 1866. In March, 1867, he was 
 appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent at Phil- 
 adelphia, but was not confirmed by the Senate. 
 
 Anderson, Alexander. — He was a Senator in 
 Congress from the Knoxville District, Tennessee, 
 during the years 1840 and 1841, a part of a term, and 
 served as a member of the Committee on the Mili- 
 tia. 
 
 Anderson, Charles. — He was Acting Governor 
 of Ohio in 1865 and 1866. His profession was that of 
 a lawyer, and he was not only a man of high culture, 
 but for many years was among the influential citizens 
 of Cincinnati. 
 
 Anderson, Charles E. — He was a citizen of 
 New York, and in 1836 was appointed Secretary of 
 Legation to Prance ; in the following year he was 
 made acting Chargij d'Afiaires ; and after remaining 
 two years, abroad returned to the United States. 
 
 Anderson, George W. — Born in Jefferson 
 County, Tennessee, May 22, 1833 ; received a liberal 
 educaticm ; adopted the profession of law ; settled in 
 Missouri in 1853 ; in 1854 became the editor of the 
 North East Missouriim newspajjer ; was elected in 
 1858 to the State Legislature, after a previous defeat ; 
 in 1862 he was chosen a State Senator, remaining in 
 that capacity until 1865, when he resigned, having 
 been elected a Representative from Missouri to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Mileage. Early in 1861 he organized a Home Guard, 
 and was chosen Colonel thereof, and was sulisequent- 
 ly commissioned a Colonel of Militia, and had com- 
 mand of tlie Forty-ninth Regiment of his State. He 
 was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth 
 
 Anderson, Hiiffh J. — Born in 1801, in Maine, 
 and was Clerk of the Waldo County Courts from 1827 
 to 1837, and a Representative in Congress from 
 Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Naval Affairs. He was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; Governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847 ;'a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1849 ; and Commissioner of Customs 
 in Washington, from 1853 to 1858. In October, 1866, 
 he was appointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor 
 of the Treasury. 
 
 Anderson, Isaac. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. 
 
 Anderson , John. — He was born in Cumberland, 
 Maine : was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813 ; 
 studied law and admitted to the bar in 1816 ; a mem- 
 ber of the Maine Senate in 1824, and was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Cumberland County, 
 Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the 
 Committees on Elections and Naval Affairs. He was 
 also Mayor of Portland in 1833 and 1842 ; United 
 States District Attorney from 1833 to 1837 ; and Col- 
 lector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 from 1843 to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged 
 sixty-one years. 
 
 Anderson, Joseph. — He was born near Phila- 
 delphia„ Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757 ; enjoyed 
 what was called at the time a good education ; 
 studied law ; was appointed an Ensign in the New 
 Jersey line in 1775 ; was promoted to an adjutancy : 
 as a Captain fought at the battle of Monmouth ; he 
 also went in 1779 with Sullivan against the Sis 
 Nations ; in 1780 he was at Valley Forge ; in 1781 at 
 the sie^e of York ; and after the war he retired with 
 the rank of Brevet Major. He practiced law in Del- 
 aware for seven years. In 1791 was appointed by 
 Washington Judge of the territory south of the Ohio 
 River ; remained in tliat position until the first Con- 
 stitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in 
 forming in Convention ; and he was an influential 
 member of the United States Senate from Tennessee, 
 from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon imjjortant 
 committees, and acting on two occasions as President 
 pro tempore of the Senate. He was appointed in 
 1815 First Comptroller of the Treasury where he 
 remained until 1836. He died in Washington, AprO 
 17, 1837. 
 
 Anderson, 'Joseph H, — He was born in New 
 York, and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State, from 1843 to 1847, and was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member 
 of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury 
 Department. 
 
 Anderson, tTosiah M. — He was bom in Ten- 
 nessee, and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 
 1852, and was a member of the Committee on Private 
 Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Peace 
 Congress of 1861. 
 
 Anderson, J, P. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress from the Territory of Washington. 
 
 Anderson, l,ncien. — Was born in Mayfield, 
 Kentucky, in June, 1834 ; received a good English 
 education ; adopted the profession of the law ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and served for two 
 terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In 
 1863 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia. During 
 the month of November, 1863, he was taken prisoner 
 by a party of "Confederates," and retained in custody 
 until just before the meeting of Congress, when he 
 was exchanged. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore 
 Convention of 1864, a Presidential Elector in 1853, 
 and a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866. 
 
 Anderson, Richard Clough, ,Tr. —Washom 
 
 in Louisville, Kentucky, August 4, 1788 ; was sent at 
 an early age to Virginia to be educated ; graduated at 
 William and Mary College, and studied law under 
 Judge Tucker ; he returned to Kentucky and com- 
 snenced the practice of his profession, and became 
 eminent as a lawyer ; was for several years a member 
 of the State Legislature ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1831 ; and de- 
 clined a re-election in 1833 ; and again entered the 
 State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the 
 House ; in 1833 he was appointed by President Mon- 
 roe the first Minister to Colombia ; and in 1826 was 
 appointed by President Adams Envoy to Panama ; on 
 his way thither he died at Turbaco, July 24, 1836. 
 
 Anderson, Samuel. — Born in 1774, in Penn- 
 sylvania. He served repeatedly in the Legislature of 
 
 that State ; was Speaker of its House during two ses- 
 sions ; and elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1839, and was a member 
 of the Committee on the Boundary line of Missouri. 
 He died in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850. 
 
 Anderson, Simeon H. — Bom in Garrard 
 County, Kentucky, March 3, 18P3 ; studied law and 
 practiced with success ; served frequently in the 
 Kentucky Legislature ; was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of 
 Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. 
 He died at his residence near Lancaster, Kentucky, 
 August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of 
 service. He had the reputation of being a remarkably 
 industrious, useful, and amiable man. 
 
 Anderson, Thos. L. — Bom in Greene County, 
 Kentucky, December 8, 1808. He was self-educated, 
 and removed to Missouri in 1830, where he commenced 
 the practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He 
 was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 1853, and 
 1856 ; and a member of the Convention for remodel- 
 ing the State Constitution in 1845, and was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv 
 ing on the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
 
 Anderson, William. — Born in Chester County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1763, and served throughout the 
 Revolutionary War with credit, taking a prominent 
 part at the siege of Y'orktown. After the war he 
 returned to Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State, from 
 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was after- 
 wards a Judge of Delaware County Court, and a Cus- 
 tom-house officer at Chester, in that county, where he 
 died, December 13, 1839. 
 
 Anderson, William B. — Bom in Jefferson 
 County, Illinois, April 2, 1830 ; studied law, but never 
 practiced the profession ; was twice elected to the 
 State Legislature, and once to the State Senate ; was 
 a delegate to the Convention which framed the pres- 
 ent Constitution ; in 1861 he exerted himself to raise 
 a regiment of volunteers for the army, and command- 
 ed it through the war, receiving the brevet title of 
 Major-General ; and in 1874 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Anderson, William €, — Bom in Lancastei, 
 Garrard County, Kentucky, December 6, 1836 ; edu- 
 cated at the College of Danville ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; served in the Kentucky Legislature 
 in 1851 and 1853 : was a Presidential Elector in 18.56 ; 
 and in 1859 was elected a Representative from Ken- 
 tucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on the District of Columbia. 
 Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 1861. 
 
 Anderson, William E. — He was bom in Ten- 
 nessee, in 1791 ; was a man of high culture, and a 
 successful lawyer ; long prominent as a Judge in 
 Tennessee, and died at Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 
 October, 1841. 
 
 Andrew, John A. — Bom in Windham, Maine, 
 May 31, 1818 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837 ; 
 came to the bar in Boston in 1840 ; was a Delegate to 
 the National Republican Convention of 1860 ; was 
 elected in the same year Governor of Massachusetts, 
 and twice re-elected, making himself conspicuous as 
 one of the " War Governors " of the North, by his 
 energy in raising troops and his zeal against the in- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 stitution of slaverv. In I860 he presided over a 
 Unitarian Convention in Boston, and was President 
 of the New England Genealogical Society. Died in 
 Boston, October 30, 1867. An account of his official 
 life was published In 1868, by A. G. Brown, Jr. 
 
 A^ndreii^s, C, C. — He was a citizen of Minnesota, 
 and in 1869 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Sweden and Norway, where he still continued as late 
 as 1875. 
 
 A^tidrews, Charles. — Born in Paris, Maine, in 
 1814 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1837 ; was Clerk of the County Court of Oxford 
 County ; was a member of the State Legislature from 
 1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of the 
 House ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 Maine, from 1851 to the time of his death, which 
 occurred in Paris Hill, Maine, April 30, 1853. 
 
 Andreirs, Georf/e if. — He was bom in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 the Fourteenth Congressional District in that State, 
 from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Elections. 
 
 Andreirs, John T. — He was born in New York, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 that State, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of 
 the Conunittee on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Andrews, Latnhlff IV, — Born in Fleming 
 County, Kentucky, Fel^ruary 13, 1803 ; graduated at 
 Transylvania University in 1834 ; and commenced 
 the practice of law in 1826, in which profession he 
 has since been actively engaged. He was a member 
 of the Kentucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 was 
 elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 
 1839 to 1843, and acted on the Committees on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions and Accounts. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the Kentucky Senate. 
 
 Andretvs, Saniuel G, — He was bom in Derby, 
 New Haven County, Connecticut, October 16, 179!) ; 
 received an academical education, and removed with 
 his father to Rochester, New York, in 1816. He was 
 occupied chiefly in mercantile and manufacturing 
 pursuits ; was for several years Mayor of Rochester ; 
 was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831 
 and 1833 from Monroe County, New York ; Clerk of 
 the Monroe County Court ; Secretary of the State Sen- 
 ate of New York for four years ; Clerk of the Court 
 of Dernier Resort for four years ; and was Postmas- 
 ter of Rochester. He was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. 
 Died in Rochester, New York, in 1863. 
 
 Andrews, Sherlock J. — Born in Wallingford, 
 Connecticut, in 1801 ; graduated at Union College; 
 settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1835, and practiced law ; 
 was Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 
 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Commerce. 
 
 Angel, Betijnmin F. — He was a citizen of New 
 York, and in 1857 he was appointed Minister Resident 
 to Sweden and Norway, where he remained until 
 1861. 
 
 Anf/el, iniliftni G. — He was a native of New 
 Shoreham, Rhode Island ; was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Burlington, Otsego County, 
 New York, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 
 1833, and was a member of the Committees on Indian 
 Affairs and on Territories. 
 
 AnfJionif, Henri/ H. — He was born in Coven- 
 try, Rhode Island, April 1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry ; 
 graduated at Brown University in 1833, and in 1838 
 he assumed the editorial charge of the Providence 
 Journal, which he retained until called to a seat in 
 the United States Senate. He was elected Governor 
 of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 1850, and de- 
 clined a re-election. He was elected a Senator in 
 Congress from Rhode Island for the term commencing 
 in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Printing : and he "was re-elected to 
 the Senate for the term ending in 1871, again ser\-ing 
 at the head of the Printing Committee and as a mem- 
 ber of the Committees on Claims, Naval Affairs, 
 Mines and Mining, and Post Offices and Post Roads. 
 He was a member of the National Committee appoint- 
 ed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to 
 Illinois ; and was one of the Senators designated by 
 the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 
 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. On the meeting 
 of the Forty-first Congress he was elected President 
 of the Senate, pro tern. Re-elected to the Senate in 
 1870, for the term ending in 1877. 
 
 Anthoni/, Joseph li. — Born in Pennsylvania; 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 1833 to 1838, serving as a member of the 
 Committees on Territories and Military Affairs. He 
 died at WUliamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17, 
 1851. 
 
 Applefon, John. — Bom in 1804; graduated at 
 Bowdoin College in 1833 ; was Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Maine in 1853 ; Chief Justice in 1863 ; and 
 was the author of " Reportsof Supreme Judicial Court 
 of Maine," 3 vols., in 1841. He received the degree of 
 LL. D. from Bowdoin College. 
 
 Applefon, John. — Born in Beverly, Massachu- 
 setts, February 11, 1815 ; graduated at Bowdoin Col- 
 lege, Maine, in 1834 ; was admitted to practice law at 
 Portland. Maine, in 1837. In the winter of 1838-'39 
 he became editor of a Democratic newspaper in that 
 city. The Eastern Argus, and continued to be its 
 editor for the next four or five years, during a part of 
 which time he was also Register of Probate for the 
 County of Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an in- 
 vitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, 
 to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Department ; sub- 
 sequently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of 
 the State Department, which was then presided over 
 by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 he was appointed by 
 President Polk Charge d' Affaires of the United 
 States to Boli\-ia. On his return from that mission, 
 which he resigned after the election of General Tay- 
 lor, he resumed the practice of law at Portland, in 
 partnership with Nathan Clifford, now one of the 
 Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States ; but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, he 
 was elected, from the Portland District, a member of 
 the Thirty-second Congress. In 1855 he joined Mr. 
 Buchanan, at London, as Secretary of Legation, but 
 returned home in time for the Presidential canvass of 
 1856. In 1857, having been obliged from ill-health to 
 decline the position to which he had been invited, of 
 editor of the Washington Union, he was appointed 
 by President Buchanan Assistant Secretary of 
 State. In May, 1860, he was appointed Minister to 
 Russia. He died in Portland, Maine, August 22, 
 1864. 
 
 Applefon, John James. — His father was 
 United States Consul at Calais, France. He was bom 
 in France, September 23, 1793 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1813 ; was U. S. Secretary of Legation 
 to Portugal, from 1819 to 1823 ; to Spain, from 1832 
 to 1835; Charge d' Affaires to the Two Sicilies in 1825; 
 
10 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 and to Sweden in 1826. He resided in France, where 
 he owned a valuable estate. While at Stockholm he 
 negotiated a treaty of Commerce. Died at Rennes, 
 France, March 4, 1864. 
 
 Ajtpfetoii, Nathan. — Bom at New Ipswich, 
 New Hampshire, October 6, 1779. He entered Dart- 
 mouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after 
 being invited by his brother to join him in the mer- 
 cantile business in Boston. He became interested in 
 the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the 
 three original founders of Lowell. He was at differ- 
 ent periods a member of the Legislature of Massa- 
 chusetts, aud from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842, 
 was elected a Representative of that State in Con- 
 gress, serving on important committees ; but soon re- 
 signed his seat, and has since taken no part in public 
 affairs. He published pam])hlets and essays on Cur- 
 rency, Banking, and the Tariff. He died in Boston, 
 July 14, 1861. A memoir of his life was published 
 by Robert C. VVinthrop. 
 
 Appfetoti, William, — Bom in Brookfield, Mas- 
 sachusetts, November, 1786, and was educated for 
 mercantile pursuits, in which he was engaged exten- 
 sively and successfully for more than fifty years. He 
 ever took a prominent part in various public enter- 
 prises and benevolenl objects ; gave much attention 
 to banking and financial operations, and was for some 
 years, and until the close of the institution. President 
 of the Branch Bank of the United States in Boston. 
 In 18.50 he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts, aud re-elected in 1852. He was 
 also elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, but died 
 in February, 1862, in Boston. 
 
 Archer, tTohn. — He was born in Harford County, 
 Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in 
 1760. He studied divinity, but, on account of a throat 
 affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went 
 through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medical 
 College, having received the first medical diploma 
 ever issued in the New World. At the commence- 
 ment of the Revolution he had command of a military 
 company ; was a member of the State Legislature ; 
 and after the war he practiced his profession ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1797 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807 ; and died 
 in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great in- 
 fluence, and several discoveries were made by him, 
 which have been adopted by the profession. 
 
 Archer, Stevenson. — He was born in Harford 
 County, Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1805 ; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; and 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State, 
 from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed Judge in 
 Mississippi Territory. He was chosen a Representa- 
 tive in Congress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. In 
 1845 he was appointed Chief Justice of Maryland, 
 which office he held until his death in 1848. He was 
 the son of John Archer. 
 
 Archer, Sterensoti. — He was born in Harford 
 County, Maryland, 1827 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1846 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a 
 member of the Maryland Legislature in 1854, and in 
 1866 he was elected a Representative from Maryland 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Naval Affairs, Expenditures on Public Buildings, 
 and Education in the District of Columbia. His 
 father, bearing his own name, and his grandfather, 
 named John, were both Representatives in Congress 
 from the same district which he represented. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-first Congress, was a Delegate to 
 the New York Convention of 1868, also re-elected to 
 the two subsequent Congresses. 
 
 Archer, Ifilliam S, — Born in Amelia County, 
 Virginia, March 5, 1789. He came of a Welsh 
 family, a number of whom acquitted themselves 
 with honor in the Revolutionary War. He obtained 
 the rudiments of his education at the best grammar 
 schools of the day ; graduated at the College of Wil- 
 liam and Mary ; and studied law. In 1812 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature, where he served, 
 excepting one yearj until 1819. In 1820 he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, 
 where he remained until 1835, taking an active part 
 in all matters of national importance, and exerting a 
 paramount influence, especially as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Foreign Relations, aud member of the 
 Committee on the Missouri Compromise. In 1841 he 
 was elected to the United States Senate, where he 
 remained until 1847, having, from the start, been 
 placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Re- 
 lations in that body. By his public acts, he com- 
 manded the respect of the country ; and by the 
 chaiTus of his private character won the friendship 
 of many of the leading men of his day. On his re- 
 tirement from public life, he devoted himself to the 
 improvement of his paternal estate ; and died March 
 28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had been af- 
 flicted for twenty years. 
 
 Armor, Charles Lee. — He was bom in Vir 
 
 ginia, and appointed from Maryland an Associate 
 Judge of the United States Court, for the Territory 
 of Colorado. 
 
 Armstrontf, John. — A native of Pennsylva- 
 nia ; distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and 
 was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on 
 all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776, 
 Congress promoted him from the rank of Colonel to 
 that of Brigadier-General, and he assisted in the de 
 fense of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of German- 
 town ; in 1777 he resigned his commission in conse 
 quence of dissatisfaction as to rank. He was subse- 
 quently elected a Representative to Congress from 
 Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 to 1795, aud he also 
 held a number of other honorable offices. He died 
 at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1795, a few days 
 after the expiration of his term in Congress. Was 
 sou of John. 
 
 Armstronf), John. — He was bora in Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania, November 25, 1755, aud served as an 
 oiBcer in the Revolutionary War. At the close of the 
 war, in order to obtain redress for the grievances 
 sustained by the officers of the anny, he prepared 
 the celebrated " Newburgh Letters." He was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 
 1787, from Pennsylvania, where he was made Secre- 
 tary of State and Adjutant-General of the State; 
 and to him was intrusted the direction of the last 
 Pennsylvania war against the Connecticut settlers of 
 Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to 
 the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800 
 to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chan- 
 cellor Livingston from the French embassy, he waa 
 commissioned Minister in his place, in 1804 ; and was 
 also appointed a Commissioner Plenipotentiary to 
 Spain. Returning to his own country, he was ap- 
 pointed a Brigadier-General in 1812 ; in 1813, Secre- 
 tary of War, by President Madison, Thich position 
 he resigned in consequence of difficulties growing 
 out of the capture of Washington. From that 
 time he lived in retirement upon his estate at Red 
 Hook, but passed a few years in Maryland. He pub- 
 lished a brief history of the last war with England. 
 He died at Red Hook, New York, April 1, 1843. 
 
 Armstrong, Moses li. — Born at Milan, Ohio, 
 September 19, 1832 ; educated at the Western Re- 
 serve College ; removed to Minnesota in 1856 ; waa 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 11 
 
 elected Surveyor of UBited States Lauds ; on the ad- 
 nission of Minnesota as a State, lie removed to 
 raulcton, on the Missouri River ; on the organization 
 jf Dakota in 1801, he was elected to the first Terri- 
 torial Legislature, and re-elected in 1863 and 1863, 
 serving the last year aa Speaker ; was editor of 
 The Dakota Union in 186-1 ; was elected Territo- 
 rial Treasurer ; appointed Clerk of the Supreme 
 rourt in 1863 ; elected to the Ten-itorial Senate in 
 L866, chosen President in 1867 ; published the first 
 iistory of Dakota, in 1867 ; acted as Secretary to the 
 Indian Peace Commission to the Sioux ; from 1866 to 
 1869 he established the base-lines for United States 
 surveys in Southern Dakota, and the Northern Red 
 River Valley ; was again elected to the Territorial 
 Senate in 1869 ; established the first Democratic 
 newspaper in the Territory ; was chosen President of 
 the First National Bank of the Territory in 1872 ; and 
 in 1870 was elected Delegate to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-third Congresses. 
 
 Armstronfj, Boberf. — Born in East Tennessee, 
 in 1790 ; settled in Nashville ; commanded a company 
 3f Tennessee Artillery in the Creek War in 1813 and 
 1814, where he distinguished himself, and was dan- 
 2;erously wounded at Talladega in 181-1 ; commanded 
 the artillery at the battle of New Orleans ; was Brig- 
 idier-Qeneral, commanding the Tennessee Mounted 
 S^'olunteers, at Wahoo Swamp, in the Florida War, in 
 1836 ; was Postmaster of Nashville, from 1839 to 
 1845 ; Consul at Liverpool, from 1845 to 1852 ; and 
 subsequently editor and proprietor of the Washington 
 Union, and confidential adviser of President Polk. 
 Died in Washington, District of Columbia, February 
 23, 1854. 
 
 A.i'insfroil(j, S. T. — He was elected Lieutonant- 
 Sovernor of Massachusetts in 1836, and was soon 
 called upon to act as Governor of the State, in the 
 place of John Davis. 
 
 Ariiisfroiiff, WllUani. — lie was bom in Lis- 
 burn, Antrim County, Ireland, December 23, 1782. 
 He came to this country in 1792 ; had a limited edu- 
 cation ; studied law in AVinchester, Virginia ; devoted 
 bimself to mercantile pursuits. In 1813 he was ap- 
 pointed, by President Madison, Collector for the 
 Sixth District of Virginia ; in 1818 and 1819 he was 
 a member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; in 
 1823 and 1833, a member of the Board of Public 
 Works ; and in 1830 and 1824 he was a Presidential 
 Elector ; for many years a Justice of the Peace ; one 
 year High Sheriff of Hampshire County ; and he was 
 B, Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1833. 
 Since that time he has lived in retirement in the 
 pleasant valley of the South Branch of the Potomac. 
 
 Armstrong., fVUliani H. — Born in Williams- 
 port, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1834 ; graduated 
 at Princeton College in 1847 ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1860 
 and 1861 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Indian Affairs and the Civil Ser- 
 
 Arnell, Samuel M. — He was bom in Maury 
 County, Tennessee, May 3, 1833 ; his grandfather 
 having been a soldier in the Revolution, and acquit- 
 ted himself with credit at " King's Mountain." He 
 was educated for the Church, but taught a classic 
 school and studied law ; in 1859 he went into the bus 
 iness of manufacturing leather ; in 1861 he took an 
 active interest in putting down the Rebellion, and 
 suffered in person and property from the Confederate 
 Army ; was elected to the Tennessee Legislature, and 
 advocated the passage of the Constitutional Amend- 
 ment in 1865 ; and he was elected a Representative 
 
 from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking 
 his seat near the close of the first session and serving 
 on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elect- 
 ed to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving 
 on the Committee on Accounts and as Chairman of 
 that on Expenditures in the State Department. 
 
 Arnold, Benedict, — He was a member of the 
 Assembly of New York from Amsterdam, Montgom- 
 ery County, in 1816 and 1817, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State, from 1829 to 
 1831. 
 
 Arnold, Istiac N. — Born in Hardwicke, Otsego 
 County, New York, in November, 1815 ; while en- 
 gaged in acquiring an education, he taught school, 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 he 
 removed to Chicago, Illinois ; in 1837 he was First 
 Clerk of the City of Chicago ; in 1843 he was elected 
 to the Illinois Legislature, and took an active part in 
 the canal improvements ; in 1844 he was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector ; was for a time Attorney for the Illinois 
 and Michigan Canal ; and in 1860 he was elected a 
 Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Select Com- 
 mittee on the Defenses and Fortifications of the Great 
 Lakes and Rivers. In 1862 he was elected for another 
 term to the Thirt_v-eightli Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Manufactures, and as Cliainnan of that 
 on Roads and Canals. In May, 1865, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor of the 
 Treasury ; and in 1866 he published a " History of 
 Abraham Lincoln." 
 
 Arnold, Jonathan, — Born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, December 14, 1741 ; was a member of 
 the State Assembly in 1776 ; was author of the Act 
 of May, 1776, repealing the laws providing for the oath 
 of allegiance to the mother country ; was a surgeon 
 in the Revolutionary Army, and after the war he re- 
 moved to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, where he was 
 appointed Judge of the Orange County Court in 1783, 
 holding that office during the remainder of his life. 
 He was a member of the Continental Congress from 
 1782 to 1784. Died in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1798. 
 
 Arnold, Lemuel H. — Bom in St. Johnsbury, 
 Vermont, January 29, 1792, and removed to Rhode 
 Island at an early age. He graduated at Dartmouth 
 College, in 1811 ; was educated for the bar, but 
 turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. In 1831 
 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and re-elect- 
 ed in 1832 ; he was a member of the Governor's Coun- 
 cil during the Dorr Rebellion in 1843 ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1845 to 1847 ; and died in 
 Kingston, Rhode Island, June 27, 1853. 
 
 Arnold, Peleg. — Was a member of the Assem- 
 bly of Rhode Island ; was for many years Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of that State ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788, 
 when he was appointed Judge. He died in Smithfield, 
 Rhode Island, February 13, 1820, aged sixty-eight 
 years. 
 
 Arnold, Samuel, — He was born in Haddam, 
 Middlesex County, Connecticut, June 1, 1806 ; re- 
 ceived his education at Plainfield Academy, in Con- 
 necticut, and Westfield Academy, in Massachusetts ; 
 has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pur- 
 suits, and to various interests of commerce ; having 
 also for many years carried on one of the most exten- 
 sive stone quarries in the Union. He was, also, for 
 a number of years. President of the Bank of East 
 Haddam. He served his native county in the Leg- 
 islature during the years 1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, 
 and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a 
 
12 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Representative from Connecticut, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Claims. 
 
 Arnold, Samuel G. — Born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, April 12, 1821 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1841, having taken a year from the 
 course to travel in Europe and the East ; spent two 
 years in a counting-house in Providence, and again 
 visited Europe ; spent two years at the Harvard Law 
 School, and, having graduated, came to the bar in 
 1845 ; but instead of practicing, again visited Europe, 
 and also South America. In 1853 he was elected 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island ; in 1859 and 
 1860 he published the " History of the State of Rhode 
 Island," a work upon which he had long been 
 engaged ; in 1861 he was a Delegate to the Peace 
 Convention, and again chosen Lieutenant-Governor of 
 the State ; and, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, 
 he took the field, for a few weeks, in command of a 
 battery of artillery, as aide-de-camp to Governor 
 Sprague. In 1863 he was again elected Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Rhode Island, and was soon afterwards 
 chosen Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, for the 
 unexpired term of J. F. Simmons, resigned, serving 
 on the Committees on Commerce and Claims. 
 
 Arnold, Thorn a it D. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Knox County, Tennessee, 
 from 1831 to 1833; and for a second term, from 1841 to 
 1843, representing Greenville County ; and he was a 
 member of the Committees on Elections and Claims. 
 
 Arrhlf/ton, Alfred W. — Born in Iredell 
 County, North Carolina, in September, 1810 ; son of 
 Archibald, a member of Congress ; received a good 
 education and became an itinerant preacher in the 
 Methodist Church, laboring with great success in 
 Indiana and Missouri ; in 1834 he abandoned the min- 
 istry and studied law, coming to the bar in Missouri ; 
 in 1835 removed to Arkansas, and was elected to the 
 Legislature of that State in 1836 ; on the admission of 
 Texas into the Union, he removed to that State, and 
 in 1850 was Judge of the Twelfth District Court, in 
 which position he remained until 1856. He subse- 
 quently removed to Madison, in Wisconsin, and soon 
 afterward to Chicago, where he resided permanently. 
 He was distinguished for his eloquence and legal 
 ability ; and died in Chicago from over- work, Decem- 
 ber 31, 1867. 
 
 Arrhif/fon, H, Archibald. — He was born in 
 North Carolina, and represented that State in Con- 
 gress from 1841 to 1845, after which he retired to 
 private life. He was a member of the Committee on 
 Expenditures in the War Department. His son, Alfred 
 W. , attained distinction as a Methodist preacher, a 
 lawyer, and judge, and a writer for the magazines 
 under the assumed name of Charles Summerfield, 
 residing in North Carolina, Arkansas, Indiana, Mis- 
 souri, and Illinois. 
 
 Arthur. William E. — Born at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, March 3, 1835 ; removed with his parents to 
 Covington, Kentucky, where he was educated ; 
 studied law and admitted to the bar in 1850 ; elected 
 Attorney for the Ninth Judicial District, and served 
 from 1856 to 1863 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; 
 elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District in 1866, 
 for a full term, but resigned in two years, and was 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on Elections and 
 Railways and Canals. 
 
 Asbofh, Aleornnder Sandor. — Born in Kesz- 
 thely. County of Zaln, Hungary, December 18, 1811 ; 
 studied at Oedenburg ; served in the Austrian army, 
 and afterwards devoted himself to engineering. In 
 1848 and 1849 he took the side of the Liberals in the 
 
 Hungarian army, and was in several battles, and at- 
 tained the rank of Adjutant-General. He went with 
 Kossuth to Turkey, and was imprisoned with him at 
 Kutaiah, and on their relea»;e in 1851 he came to the 
 United States on the frigate Mississip^ii, and 
 became a citizen. He was a farmer, engineer, and 
 manufacturer until 1861, when he offered his services 
 to the government, and went as chief of Fremont's 
 staff to Missouri. He was made a Brigadier-General, 
 and commanded the Western Division in Fremont's 
 campaign, which formed the rearguard at Rolla. He 
 was with General Curtis in Arkansas, and was 
 wounded in the battle of Pea Ridge. In 1863 he 
 commanded at Columbus, Kentucky, and then in 
 West Florida, where he was again wounded ; in 1865 
 he was brevetted Major-General for his services in 
 Florida. He was appointed Minister to the Argentine 
 Republic in 1866. Died in consequence of his wounds, 
 at Buenos Ayres, January 31, 1868. 
 
 Ash, Michael W. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State, from 1835 to 1887, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Ashe, John Baptiste. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from North Carolina, from 17i-l0 to 
 1793 ; was one of those who voted for locating the 
 Seat of Government on the Potomac ; was elected 
 Governor of the State of North Carolina in 1801 ; 
 and died November 37, 1803. He was a Delegate to 
 the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. 
 
 Ashe, John B. — He was a son of John Baptiste, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee, from 1843 to 1845, representing the Tenth 
 District, and serving as a member of the Committees 
 on Invalid Pensions and Expenditures in the State 
 and Treasury Departments. 
 
 Ashe. Satniicl. — Born in North Carolina in 1725, 
 and brother of General John B., of the old Congress. 
 He was a lawyer of ability, a citizen of exalted pat- 
 riotism, and a soldier in emergencies ; was a leading 
 member of the North Carolina Congress ; Chief 
 Justice of the State from 1777 to 1796 ; Governor of 
 North Carolina from 1795 to 1798 ; and died at Rocky 
 Point, North Carolina, February 3, 1813. 
 
 Ashe, Thomas S. — Born in Orange Coimty, North 
 Carolina ; graduated at the University of North Caro- 
 lina in 1833 ; studied law, and pursued that profes- 
 sion ; was elected in 1842 a member of the Legislature 
 of North Carolina ; was elected in 1847 Solicitor of 
 the Fifth Judicial District of North Carolina, and 
 served in that capacity four years ; was elected in 1854 
 to the State Senate ; was elected in 1861 to the House 
 of Representatives of the Confederate States, and to 
 the Senate of the Confederate Congress in 1804 ; was 
 one of the Councilors of State in 1866 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on Coinage, Weights and 
 Measures. 
 
 Ashe, William S. — Bom in Wilmington, North 
 Carolina, and was the son of John Baptiste ; was a 
 lawyer by profession ; served in the State Legislature 
 in 1846, and was re-elected in 1848 ; he was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1849 to 1853, serving on 
 the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
 ment. Was killed on a railroad, near Wilmington, 
 in 1864. 
 
 Ashleij, Chester. — Bom at Westfield, Massachu- 
 setts, June 1, 1790, but was removed in infancy to 
 Hudson, New York, where he resided until he reached 
 the age of twenty-seven. He then went to Illinois, 
 and after practicing law in that State for two years. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 13 
 
 removed to the Territory of Arkansas, and established 
 himself in Little Rock, then a mere landing. He was 
 chosen a Senator in Congress from Arkansas in 18-i4 
 and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in that 
 body. He served until his death, which occurred in 
 Washington City, April 29, 1848. 
 
 Ashley, Dcfos It. — He received a general educa- 
 tion, and studied law in Monroe, Michigan ; went to 
 California in 18-49, where he held the office of District 
 Attorney in 1851, 1853, and 18.53 ; was a member of 
 the California Assembly in 1854 and 1855 ; a State 
 Senator in 1856 and 1857 ; and State Treasurer in 1863 
 and 1863. Early in 1864 he removed to Nevada, and 
 was elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Mines and Mining, and on that on Free 
 Schools in the District of Columbia. Re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Public Lands. Died in San Francisco, July 18, 1873. 
 
 Ashley, Henry, — He was born in Cheshire 
 County, New Hampshire, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Delaware and Greene 
 counties, New York, from 1825 to 1837. 
 
 Aslifey, James 31, — Born in Pennsylvania, 
 November 14, 1834 ; was self-educated ; became an 
 adventurer at the age of fifteen, atone time acting as 
 clerk on the store-boats of the Ohio and Mississippi, 
 and then doing service in a printing-office. He studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1849 ; 
 but, instead of practicing his profession, he went into 
 the business of boat-building, and was connected with 
 the press. He subsequently settled at Toledo, and 
 went into the wholesale drug business, and was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on 
 Territories ; and also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims, and 
 as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and 
 under his immediate supervision the Territories of 
 Arizona, Idaho, and Montana were organized. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again 
 at the head of the Committee on Territories, and as 
 a member of those on Uuiinished Business and Mines 
 and Mining. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Ashley, Williani H, — Born in Powhatan 
 County, Virginia, and emigrated to Missouri, then 
 Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and settled near the Lead 
 Mines. In 1833, he projected the scheme of the 
 "Mountain Expedition," by uniting the Indian trade 
 in the Rocky Mountains with the hunting and trap- 
 ping business. He enlisted about three hundred 
 hardy men in the business, and, after various suc- 
 cesses and reverses, having sustained numerous 
 losses by Indian robbery and river disasters, he and 
 his associates realized a handsome fortune. He was 
 the first Lieutenant-Governor of Missouri, after it 
 became a State, and a Representative in Congress, 
 from 1831 to 1837. He died near Boonville, Missouri, 
 March 26, 1838. 
 
 Ashuiore, tfohn D. — Bom in Greenville Dis- 
 trict, South Carolina, August 7, 1819 ; served as a 
 merchant's clerk for several years, and then taught 
 school until he became of age ; studied law, but, in- 
 stead of following that profession, turned his atten- 
 tion to agriculture ; when quite young filled various 
 offices in the State Militia ; was a member of the 
 South Carolina Legislature in 1848, 1830, and 1852 ; in 
 1853, he was elected Comptroller-General of the State 
 for two years, and re-elected for a second term ; and 
 
 he was subsequently elected a Representative from 
 South Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress. With- 
 drew in December, 1860. 
 
 AshmuH, Eli Porter, — He was a distinguished 
 lawyer, and for several years a member of the House 
 of Representatives and Senate of Massachusetts ; and 
 was elected, in 1816, to succeed C. Gore as Senator 
 from that State in Congress ; this office he resigned 
 in 1818. He died at Northampton, Massachusetts, 
 May 10, 1819, aged forty-eight. 
 
 Ashniun, George, — Bom in Bandford, Massa- 
 chusetts, December 25, 1804 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1823 ; studied law, and settled in Springfield 
 in 1828. He served in the State Legislature during 
 the years 1833, 1885, 1836, 1838, and 1841, officiating 
 as Speaker of the House in the latter year. He was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851, and 
 was a member of the Committees on the Judiciary, 
 Indian Affairs, and on Rules. Since that time he has 
 been devoted to the practice of his profession. In 
 1860 he was elected President of the Chicago Con- 
 vention, convened to nominate a President and Vice- 
 President, and was subsequently appointed a Director 
 of the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1866 he was chosen 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 vention," but did not take part in its proceedings. 
 Died at Springfield, Massachusetts, July 10, 1870. 
 
 Ashton, J". Iliibley. — He was a citizen of Penn- 
 sylvania, from which State he was appointed, in 1864, 
 Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, 
 serving three years ; re-appointed in 1868, serving one 
 year ; and was subsequently associated with the 
 Court for the settlement of the Alabama Claims. 
 
 Asper, Joel F, — Bom in Adams County, Penn- 
 sylvania, April 20, 1822 ; removed with his father to 
 Ohio in 1830 ; worked on a fann and attended school 
 alternately ; studied law and came to the bar in 1844, 
 writing frequently for the newspapers ; was elected 
 a Justice of the Peace in 1846 ; in 1847, a Prosecuting 
 Attorney for his County ; was a Delegate to the Buf- 
 falo Convention of 1848 ; editor of the Western Re- 
 serve Ghro-nkU in 1849, and of the C/iardon Democrat 
 in 1850 ; in 1861, he raised a company and was mus- 
 tered into the Volunteer jVrmy as Captain, serving at 
 the battle of Winchester, where he was wounded ; 
 was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 
 1862, and in 1863 he was mustered out of service "on 
 account of wounds received in action." In the latter 
 year he organized a regiment of National Guards and 
 became its Colonel, and, with it, was at the battle of 
 Kellar's Bridge in 1864 ; for his services there he was 
 highly complimented ; in that year he removed to 
 Missouri ; in 1866, he started a paper at Chillicothe, 
 called the Speetator, and, while editing that journal 
 and practicing law, he was, in 1868, elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Missouri to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Died 
 at home in October, 1872. 
 
 Atchison, David R, — He was born in Frog- 
 town, Fayette County, Kentucky, August 11, 1807 ; 
 was educated for the bar ; and removed to Missouri 
 in 1830. He was elected to the Legislature of that 
 State in 1834 and 1838. In 1841 he was appointed 
 Judge of the Platte County Circuit Court ; and during 
 the year 1843 was appointed a Senator of Congress, 
 to which position he was twice elected, serving until 
 1855, frequently at tlie head of important committees, 
 and for several sessions as President pro tempore of 
 the Senate. He was subsequently devoted to agricul- 
 tural pursuits. 
 
 Atherton, Charles G, — He was bom in Am- 
 herst, Hillsborough Coimty, New Hampshire, July 4, 
 
14 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1804 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1822 ; studied law, 
 but engaged In politics when quite young. He was 
 for many years in the Legislature of New Hampshire, 
 and for three years Speaker of the House. He was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843 ; a 
 Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849 ; and in No- 
 vember, 1853, he was re-elected a Senator to fill a 
 vacancy ; and died of apoplexy in Manchester, New 
 Hampshire, November 1.5, 1853. He was Chairman, 
 in the Senate, of the Committee on Finance, and was 
 identified with a measure on the Suppression of Peti- 
 tions in regard to the subject of Slavery. 
 
 Athcrton, Charles IT. — He was bom in Am- 
 herst, New Hampshire, August 14, 1773, and gradu- 
 ated at Harvard College in 1794. He held the office 
 of Register of Probate from 1798 to 1807 ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1815 to 1817 ; and stood 
 at the head of the bar in Hillsborough County for 
 many years ; a member of the State Legislature in 
 1823, and again in 1838 and 1839. He died in Am- 
 herst, January 8, 1853. 
 
 Atkins, John D. C — Was born in Henry 
 County, Tennessee, June 4, 1835 ; graduated at the 
 East Tennessee University in 1846 ; studied law ; was 
 elected a member of the Legislature in 1849 and in 
 1851 ; to the State Senate, in 1855 ; chosen a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1856 ; elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress in 1857 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; was 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Tennessee Regi- 
 ment in the Confederate Army in 1861 ; was elected 
 to the Confederate Provisional Congress in August, 
 1861, and re-elected in 1863 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on 
 the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. 
 
 Atkinson, Archibald. — Bom in Isle of Wight 
 County, Virginia, September 13, 1793. He left school 
 at the age of eighteen, and entered the office of the 
 Clerk of the County Court, and performed the duties 
 of copyist, devoting his leisure time to the study of 
 law, which he completed at the Law School of Wil- 
 liam and Mary College. In 1813 he joined the troops 
 at Norfolk, as ensign of a volunteer company which 
 was attached to the 39th Regiment, and was at the 
 battle of Craney Island. Upon leaving the army he 
 commenced the. practice of law in Smithfield, and 
 was a member of the General Assembly from 1815 to 
 1817, and also of the House of Delegates and State 
 Senate for several years. In 1843 he was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Virginia, and served 
 until 1848, and was a member of the Committees on 
 Naval Affairs and Commerce. He was Prosecuting 
 Attorney for his county twenty years. Mayor of Smith- 
 tield, and a magistrate. Died at Isle of Wight, Janu- 
 ary 10, 1872. 
 
 Atkinson, Henri/ M.—Born in i^Tieeling, 
 Virginia, September 9, 1838 ; removed to Ohio in 1846 
 ■with his parants ; educated chiefly at the Denverson 
 University, Ohio, and in Connecticut ; removed to 
 Nebraska in 1857, and engaged in the land agency 
 business ; studied law and came to the bar in 1861 ; 
 served as Adjutant of Cavalry, and in 1864 became 
 Provost-Marshal for Southern Nebraska ; from 1867 to 
 1871 he was Register of the Land Office in Nebraska ; 
 subsequently turned his attention to the law and 
 railroad building ; in 1873 was appointed a Special 
 Commissioner to jSIexico ; and in May, 1875, he was 
 appointed Commissioner of Pensions in Washington. 
 
 Atkinson, Kobert J. — He was born in Ohio, 
 and was appointed from that State, in 1854, Third 
 Auditor of the Treasury, and remained in office 
 until 1855 ; after which, until his death, he was 
 engaged in the prosecution of Claims before the De- 
 partments. 
 
 Atkinson, TJi.eoffore, — Bom in New Castle, 
 New Hampshire, December 20, 1697 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1718 ; was Secretary of the 
 Colony in 1741, Chief Justice in 1754, and Major- 
 General of Militia in 1769 ; but the Revolution de- 
 prived him of all these offices ; he was a Delegate to 
 the Congress at Albany in 1754, and was one of the 
 Committee that drew up the plan of Union for the 
 defense of the Colonies ; he was for many years in 
 the Legislature and Council ; also held the office of 
 Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas ; was Colonel of 
 Militia, and in active service during the French and 
 Indian wars ; was Collector of Portsmouth, and Sheriff. 
 At his death, he left two hundred pounds to the 
 Episcopal Church of New Hampshire, the interest to 
 be spent in bread for the poor. Died September 23, 
 1779. 
 
 At Lee, Samuel John. — Was born in 1738 ; 
 commanded a Pennsylvania company in the French 
 War ; and in 1776 commanded an advanced battalion 
 on Long Island ; was made prisoner and remained 
 some time in the hands of the British. He was after- 
 wards a Commissioner to treat with the Indians ; was 
 a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 
 1782 ; and one of the Committee on the meeting of 
 Pennsylvania troops in 1781. He died in Philadel- 
 phia in November, 1786. 
 
 Anlick, John H. — Bom in Virginia; was ap- 
 pointed Midshipman in the United States Navy, 
 November 15, 1809 ; Master's Mate in the action be- 
 tween the Enterprise and Boxer, September 4, 
 1813 ; Lieutenant, December 9, 1814 ; Commander 
 March 3, 1831 ; Captain, September 8, 1841 ; Connno- 
 dore on retired list, July 16, 1863. He commanded 
 sloop Vineennes in 1837 ; East India squadron in 
 1853 and 1853. In 1851 he was empowered to obtain 
 permission to purchase supplies for the United States, 
 steamers in Japan, and to negotiate a treaty of amity 
 and commerce with that Empire. He commenced the 
 important work which was completed by Commodore 
 M. C. Perry. 
 
 Aiisfin, Archihald, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Austin, Horace. — He was Governor of Min- 
 nesota from 1870 to 1874. 
 
 Arerett, Thomas H. — He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia ; was a resident of Halifax County, and elected 
 a Representative in Congress from the Third District 
 in that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a member 
 of the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and on Re- 
 visal, and Unfinished Business. 
 
 Aver ill, John T. — Born in Alna, Maine, March 
 
 1, 1835 ; completed his studies at the Maine Wesley- 
 an LTniversity ; was a manufacturer ; was elected 
 to the State Senate of Minnesota in 1858 and 1859 ; 
 entered the Union Army in 1862, as Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel of the Sixth Minnesota Infantry, and was mus- 
 tered out in 1865, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; 
 and was elected to the Forty-second Congress ; re- 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress ; serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Avery, Benjamin P. — Bom in New York city 
 in 1839 ;" received a good English education and 
 learned the art of wood-engraving ; removed to 
 California in 1849 and saw some life among the 
 miners ; in 1856 he established a weekly paper at 
 North San Juan called the Hi/draiihc Press ; in 1860 
 he joined the Mnrysville Appeed as assistant editor ; 
 in 1861 he was chosen State Printer ; was subse- 
 quently connected with the 8nn FraneUco BnUetin ; 
 in 1873 he became the editor of the Overland Monthly ; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 15 
 
 and in 1874 he was appointed Minister to Cliina ; and 
 died in Pelcin, November 8, 1875. He had the repu- 
 tation of being a bold, forcible, and elegaut writer ; 
 and was in every way a man of culture, having been 
 one of the founders of the San Francisco Art Associ- 
 ation. 
 
 Avert/, Daniel. — He was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1815 ; 
 and again, from 1816 to 1817. Resided in Cayuga 
 County. 
 
 Avery, William T. — Bom in Maury County, 
 Tennessee, November 11, 1819, and was very early 
 in life thrown upon his own resources for education 
 and support ; he is a lawyer by profession ; and was 
 elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1843. He 
 held several creditable positions in his native State, 
 and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on 
 Expenditures in the State Department, and on Private 
 Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land 
 Claims. 
 
 Axfell, Samuel B. — Bom in Franklin County, 
 Ohio, October 14, 1819 ; was a student at the Western 
 Reserve College ; studied and practiced law ; emi- 
 gr.ated to California in 1851, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from that State to the Fortieth and Forty-first 
 Congresses, serving on the Committees on Commerce 
 and Weights and Measures. In 1874 he was appointed 
 Governor of Utah ; and in 1875 to the same position 
 in New Mexico. 
 
 Ayrrigg, tTohil H, — He was born in New York, 
 and was elected a Representative in Cimgress from 
 New Jersey from 1837 to 1839, and agaiu from 1841 
 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Ex- 
 penditures in the Treasury Department, and the Joint 
 Committee on the Library, and on Invalid Pensions. 
 In 1844 he was also a Presidential Elector ; and he 
 was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Con- 
 gress, but, although he came with the "Broad Seal" 
 of New Jersey, he was not admitted. 
 
 A !/er, Richard S. — He was born in Waldo Coun- 
 ty, Maine, October 9, 1829 ; received a common-school 
 education ; engaged in agricultural and mercantile 
 pursuits ; at the breaking out of the Rebellion, he en- 
 listed as a private in the Fourth Maine Volunteers, 
 and was promoted to a captaincy, which position he 
 held for three years, serving at the first battles of 
 Bull Run, Seven Pines, and Malvern Hill ; in 1865 
 he removed to Virginia ; in 1867 he was elected a 
 Delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention ; 
 and elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 several Committees. 
 
 Sahhitf, Elijah, — Bom in Providence, Rhode 
 Island, in 1796 ; received a common-school an,d aca- 
 demic education, in the States of New York and Penn- 
 sylvania ; studied law in the latter State, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1834 ; was Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney for the State in 1833 ; served in the State Legis- 
 lature in 1836 and 1837 ; was a State Senator in 1844 
 and 1845 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 
 Babcock, Alfred. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1841 to 1843, serving 
 on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Bnheock, Tjeander. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Babcoclc, William. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Public Accounts. 
 
 Baber. Ambrose. — He was a citizen of Georgia, 
 and in 1841 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to 
 Sardinia, remaining there until 1843. 
 
 Bache, Alexander Dallas.— Re was'orn in 
 Philadelphia, July 19, 1806, and a descendant of Ben- 
 jamin Franklin ; graduated at West Point in 1833 ; 
 served there one year. as Assistant Professor; was 
 Lieutenant of Engineers until his resignation in 1839 ; 
 engaged in constructing Fort Adams and other works 
 at the entrance of Narragansett Bay. From 1837 to 
 1833 was Professor of Matliematics in the University 
 of Pennsylvania, and then took charge of the organ- 
 ization of Girard College. He spent some time in 
 1836 inspecting the great schools of Europe, publish- 
 ing upon his return a valuable work on the subject. 
 In 1839 he resigned his connection with this college, 
 and in 1841 was made Principal of the Philadelphia 
 High School. In 1843 was appointed Superintendent 
 of the United States Coast Survey ; was one of the 
 founders of the American Association for the Promo- 
 tion of Science ; in 1855 was made President of the 
 American Philosophical Society ; and was an active 
 and efficient member of the United States Sanitary 
 Commission throughout the civil war. The degree 
 of LL.D. was conferred on him by the University of 
 New York in 1836 ; by the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia in 1837 ; and by Harvard University in 1851. In 
 1846 he was made Regent of the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution ; in 1833 edited Brewster's "Optics" with 
 notes; in 1840 to 1845 published "Observations" at 
 the Observatory of Girard College ; in 1834, Report of 
 Experiments to navigate the Chesapeake and Dela- 
 ware Canal by steam. Died at Newport, Rhode Isl- 
 and, February 17, 1867. 
 
 Backus, Henry T, — He was a native of Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut ; received a liberal education, ' 
 adopted the profession of law, and removed to De- 
 troit in Michigan, where he was for many years de- 
 voted to his profession ; and he was subsequently 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Arizona. 
 
 Bacon, Ezekiel. — Bom in Stockbridge, Massa- 
 chusetts, September 1, 1776 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1794 ; was a member of the State Legislature 
 in 1805 and 1806 ; Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 
 1813 ; First Comptroller of the United States Treas- 
 ury from 1813 to 1815 ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1807 to 1813 ; removed 
 to Utica, New York, and was a delegate to the State 
 Constitutional Convention in 1831. In 1843 he pub- 
 lished "Recollections of Fifty Years Since." Died 
 in Utica, October 18, 1870. 
 
 Bacon, .John. — He was born in Canterbury, 
 Connecticut, in 1737 ; graduated at the College of 
 New Jersey in 1765 ; studied theology, and after 
 preaching for a time in Maryland, removed to Massa- 
 chusetts, and settled in Boston. Owing to some diffi- 
 culties with his congregation, he relinquished the 
 ministry, and subsequently held the positions of mag- 
 istrate, Representative in the State Legislature, Pre- 
 siding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a mem- 
 ber and President of the State Senate, and that of 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1801 to 1803. He died in Berkshire County, October 
 25, 1820. 
 
 Badger, George E, — Born in the town of New- 
 bern, North Carolina, in 1795. He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1813 ; studied and practiced law ; and was 
 elected to the Legislature in 1816. In 1830 he was 
 
16 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, which he re- 
 signed in 1835. He was appointed Secretary of the 
 Navy by President Harrison in 1841 ; and was elected 
 a Senator in Congress in 1840, and re-elected in 1849 
 for a term of six years, serving on the Committees on 
 Military and Naval Affairs. He was subsequently 
 wholly devoted to the practice of his profession, visit- 
 ing Washington occasionally to argue cases in the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. Died at Raleigh, 
 North Carolina, May 11, 186C. 
 
 BaOfjer, Luther, — Bom.in Partridgefield, Berk- 
 shire County, JIassachusetts, April 10, 1785, but his 
 father removed to Broome County, New York, in 
 1786. Having made sufficient acquaintance in the 
 common branches of an English education, he en- 
 tered Hamilton College at the age of nineteen, and 
 spent two years there. In 1807 he commenced the 
 study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813, 
 and continued to practice his profession until 1834, 
 when he was elected a Representative to the Nine- 
 teenth Congress. He had been engaged in military 
 services in his State, and in 1819 was appointed by 
 Governor Clinton Judge-Advocate for the Twenty- 
 seventh Brigade of Infantry of New York State, 
 which otfice he held for eight years. In 1833 he re- 
 sumed the practice of law, and in 1840 was appointed 
 Examiner in Chancery and Commissioner of United 
 States Loans, which office he held for three years. 
 From 1846 to 1849 he was United States District At- 
 torney for New York. 
 
 Jiadger, William. — Born in Gilmanton, New 
 Hampshire, January 13, 1779 ; his youth was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits ; was a member of the Legis- 
 lature from 1810 to 1813 ; and of the Senate from 1814 
 to 1816 ; President of that body in 1816 ; an Associate 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1816 to 
 1831 ; High Sheriff of Stafford County, New Hamp- 
 shire, from 1833 to 1833 ; and Governor of the State 
 from 1834 to 1836. Died September 21, 1852. 
 
 Haer, Georr/e, — He was born in Frederick, 
 Maryland ; was engaged in various kinds of business, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Mary- 
 land from 1797 to 1801, and again from 1815 to 1817. 
 Died in Frederick at an advanced age. 
 
 Baffbi/, Arthur P. — He was born in Virginia, 
 in 1794 ; was liberally educated ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law, and settled in Alabama in 1818 ; was 
 elected a member of the Legislature in 1820 and 1833, 
 and was Speaker of the House ; was Governor of Ala- 
 bama from 1837 to 1843 ; and a Senator in Congress 
 from that State, from 1843 to 1849. His last public 
 position was that of Minister to Russia, to which he 
 was appointed in 1848. He died of yellow fever, at 
 Mobile, September 21, 1858. 
 
 Bafflei/, Oeorge A. — Born in Watertown, Jef- 
 ferson County, New York, July 33, 1836 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1847 ; practiced law for six years, when 
 he engaged in the manufacture of iron and machin- 
 ery, which he still continues ; has been Supervisor of 
 the to\™ of Watertown a number of years, Chairman 
 of the Board of Supervisors of Jefferson County, and 
 was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Repre- 
 sentative from New York. 
 
 Bar/by, John C. — Born in Glasgow, Barren 
 Coimty, Kentucky, January 34, 1819 ; educated at Ba- 
 con College ; studied law and went to the bar in 1840; 
 in that year removed to Rushville, Illinois, where he 
 has since practiced his profession ; and in 1874, with- 
 out seeking the nomination, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Bagley, John J, — He was bom in Medina, Or- 
 leans County, New York, July 24, 1832 ; went to 
 Michigan in 1840, and settled in Detroit ; received a 
 common-school education, and devoted hunself to 
 mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; in Detroit 
 he held the local offices of member of the Board of 
 Education, Alderman, and Police Commissioner ; and 
 in 1873 he was elected Governor of Michigan, and re 
 elected to the same office in 1874. 
 
 Baileg, Alexander JI. — Born in Minisink, 
 Orange County, New York, August 14, 1817 ; gradu- 
 ated at Princeton College in 1838 ; studied and prac- 
 ticed law ; in 1840, 1841, and 1843 he was Examiner 
 in Chancery for Greene County ; was a Justice of the 
 Peace at Catskill for four years ; was a member of the 
 State Assembly in 1849 ; was Judge of Greene Coun- 
 ty for four years from 1851 ; was a member of the 
 State Senate from 1861 to 1804 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, in the place of Roscoe Conkling, resigned, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Private Land Claims and 
 Expenditures in the Intei'ior Department. Re-elected 
 to the Forty-first Congress, serving on important 
 Committees. Died in Rome, New York, April 30, 1874. 
 
 Bailey, David J. — He was born in Georgia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Bailey, Goldsmith F, — Born in Westmore- 
 land, New Hampshire, July 17, 1833 ; finished his 
 schooling at the age of sixteen ; became a printer and 
 edited a country paper ; studied law, and was admit 
 ted to the bar in 1848 ; in 1850 he was elected to the 
 Legislature of Massachusetts ; in 1858 and 1800, to 
 the Senate of the State ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress. His health was impaired when he took his 
 seat in Congress, and he died at Fitchburg, Massa- 
 chusetts, May 8, 1863. 
 
 Bailey, Jeremiah, — He was born at Little 
 Compton, Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
 versity, and studied law. He was a member of the 
 Maine Legislature from 1811 to 1814 ; a Judge of Pro- 
 bate from 1814 to 1835 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Lincoln County, Maine, from 1835 to 
 1837, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and 
 Expenditures in the Post Office Department. He was 
 also Collector of Customs at Wiscasset, from 1849 to 
 1853 ; and died in July of that year. 
 
 Bailey, John, — He was born in Norfolk County, 
 Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massachusetts 
 Legislature from 1815 to 1818 ; a clerk in the De- 
 partment of State for six years ; a State Senator in 
 1831 and 1834 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1823 to 1831, serving on the 
 Committees on Public Expenditures and Expenditures 
 in the State Department ; and died at Dorchester, 
 Massachusetts, June 26, 1835. 
 
 Bailey, John L, — Bom in Pasquotank, North 
 Carolina, August 13, 1795 ; educated at Cliapel Hill 
 College ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1834 
 and to the State Senate in 1837 and 1838 ; and in 1836 
 he was made Chief Judge of the Superior Court, and 
 held the office for many years. 
 
 Bailey, Theodorns. — He was born in 1753 ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1803 ; and 
 a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1804, when he re- 
 signed, and was appointed Postmaster of New York 
 city. He died September 6, 1828. 
 
 Baily, Joseph, — He was bom on the Brandy- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 17 
 
 wine battle-ground, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 
 March 18, 1810 ; received a limited education through 
 his own exertions, on account of the moderate cir- 
 cumstances of his father, and was early a|)prenticed 
 to a mechanical branch of business, which was his 
 first step to eminent success. From 1839 to 1845 he 
 represented his native county in both branches of the 
 Legislature, and from 1850 to 1854 represented Perry 
 County in the State Senate. In 1854 he was Treas- 
 urer of the State of Pennsylvania, and iii 1860 was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Agriculture and Printing. He was also re-elected 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same 
 Committees ; and he was cue of the twelve Demo- 
 crats in Congress who voted for the Constitutional 
 Amendment abolishing slavery. 
 
 liaird, Spencer Fulf ei-foti .— Born in Reading, 
 Pennsylvania, February 3, 1823 ; graduated at Dick- 
 inson College ; in 1846 he was made Professor of Nat- 
 ural Sciences in tliat institution ; was appointed 
 Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in 
 
 1850 ; was the editor and translator of the " Iconogra- 
 phic Encj-clopedia," 4 vols., 8vo, in 1851 ; author of 
 papers on Zoology, and of reports on Natural History 
 collections, made by Stansbury, Marcy and Gillis, of 
 the Mexican Boundary and Pacific Railroad Surveys ; 
 " The Birds of North America," 3 vols., 4to, 1860 ; 
 " Mammals of North America," 4to, 1861 ; he has also 
 made many valuable contributions to the publications 
 of the Journal of Sciences, Philadelphia, and the 
 Smithsonian Institution. His last jiublications were 
 on the Natural History and Distribution of Fish. He 
 was appointed United States Commissioner of Fisher- 
 ies ; and also as a Government Commissioner to the 
 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. 
 
 Baker, Cfifeb. — He was born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island ; served four years in the New York 
 Assembly ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 Bfiker, Conrad, — He was Governor of Indiana 
 from 1867tol8G9. 
 
 Sfllcer, David ,Teivett. — Born in East Haddam, 
 Connecticut, Seijtember 7, 1793 ; went with his par- 
 ents to Ontario County, New York, in 1800; worljed 
 on a farm ; graduated at Hamilton College in 1816 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819, set- 
 tling in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He had an extensive 
 practice, and was Probate Judge of Randolph County. 
 He was a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1831, car- 
 rying through Congress the important measure of 
 selling the public lands to actual settlers in quanti- 
 ties of forty acres ; was United States Attorney for 
 Illinois from 1833 to 1841. He opposed the introduc- 
 tion of slavery into Illinois in 1833 with such energy, 
 that his opponents tried to kill him. He died in Al- 
 ton, Illinois, August 6, 1869. 
 
 Baker, Edward D. — Was born in England, 
 brought to this country when a child, and was early 
 left an orphan in Philadelphia. His father was a 
 weaver, and when a boy he worked at that business 
 himself, He obtained an education under many dif- 
 ficulties ; first studied for the ministry, but soon 
 turned his attention to the law, becoming famous as 
 an advocate in Illinois, to which State he emigrated 
 in his nineteenth year. After serving in the Illinois 
 Legislature for two years, he resigned, and, in 1846, 
 went to Mexico as a Colonel of Volunteers, acquitting 
 himself with credit at Cerro Gordo. He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Illinois fr'om 1849 to 
 
 1851 ; after which he took an active part in the Isuild- 
 Ing of the Panama Railroad ; in 1853 he settled in 
 San Francisco, devoting himself to his profession ; he 
 
 subsequently removed to Oregon, which State he rep- 
 resented as a Senator in Congress, taliing his seat in 
 March, 1861. At the outbreak of the Rcliellion, in 
 1861, he raised a body of men in Philadelphia, called 
 the California Regiment, and while gallantly leading 
 them in battle at Leesburg, Virginia, against a supe- 
 rior force, he was shot from his horse and killed, Oc- 
 tober 21, 1861. 
 
 Baker, Ezra. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Baker, Grafton. — He was born in Virginia and 
 removed to Mississippi, from which State he was 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Baker, I. TJ'ai/les. — He was a Judge of the 
 Circuit Court for the Middle District of Florida for 
 a period of twenty years prior to 1866, having been 
 elected three times ; and he died in Tallahassee July 
 4, 1867. 
 
 Baker, James IT. — Born in Monroe, Butler 
 County, Ohio, May 6, 1839 ; received his education 
 at the Wesleyan University of that State ; became 
 a teacher, and had charge of a female seminary at 
 Richmond, Indiana ; in 1853 purchased the Scioto 
 Gazette and became its editor ; in 1855 he was elected 
 Secretary of State for Ohio ; subsequently removed 
 to Minnesota and became the Secretary of that State 
 also ; served as a Colonel in the army in 1863 and 
 1863 ; was made Provost-Marshal for the Department 
 of Missouri, and served as such until the close of the 
 Rebellion, ha-s-ing been made a Brigadier-General ; 
 he was then appointed Register of Public Lands at 
 Boonville, Missouri, holding the office two years, and 
 returning to his farm in Minnesota ; and in 1871 he 
 was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, resigning 
 the position in 1875. 
 
 Baker, .Telia. — He was bom in Fayette County, 
 Kentuclcy, November 4, 1833 ; received a good edu- 
 cation, studied law and adopted it as a profession, and 
 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Private Land Claims, and as Chainuan of the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, 
 and on the Special Committee on the Civil Service. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Education and Labor and Freedmen's 
 Affairs. 
 
 Baker, .Tohn. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1811 to 1813. He was a 
 lawyer, and died in Shepherdstown, Virginia, August 
 18, 1833. 
 
 Baker, John TT. — Born in Panna, Monroe 
 Coxinty, New York, in 1833; removed with his father 
 to Fulton County, Ohio, when a child, and worked on 
 his farm till about twenty years of age ; was edu- 
 cated at the whiter schools in the vicinity ; secured 
 by his own efforts three years' instruction m college, 
 and then studied law, and has practiced in Goshen, 
 Indiana, since the year 1857; was State Senator in 
 1863 ; and in 1874 was elected a Representative from 
 Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Baker, Osmi/n.—Yie was born in Amherst, 
 Massachusetts, May 18, 1800 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1833 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from his native State 
 from 1839 to 184i5. He was also a member of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature in 1833 and 1834 ; State 
 Councilor in 1853 and 1854. 
 
 Baker, Stephen. — He was bom in the city of 
 
18 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 New York, August 13, 1819 ; at an early age engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits, from which he retired, in 
 1849, to a country seat in Dutchess County, New 
 York ; and was elected a Representative from New 
 York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Roads and Canals and on Patents. 
 
 Bfikcr, WiUiam H. — Born in Lenox. Madison 
 County, New York, January 17, 1827; removed with his 
 parents to Oswego County in 1829 ; received his edu- 
 cation at the common schools, became a mechanic and 
 then a scliool-teacher ; studied law, and went to the 
 bar in 1851 ; in 18(i3 he was elected District-Attorney 
 for Oswego County ; re-elected in 1866 ; and in 1874 
 he was cliosen a Representative from New York to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Bnlrh, Alfred, — He was an early emigrant to 
 the Territory of Florida, and in 1840 he was appoint- 
 ed one of the United States Judges for that Terri- 
 tory. 
 
 Salflirin, Abraftam. — Was a native of Con- 
 necticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1772, and 
 from 177.') to 1779 he was a tutor in that institution. 
 Having studied law, he settled in Savannah, Georgia, 
 and, soon after his arrival tliere, he was chosen a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature. He originated the plan of the 
 University of Georgia, drew up the charter, and 
 persuaded the Assembly to adopt it, and was for some 
 time its President. He was a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a member of 
 the Convention which framed the Constitution of the 
 United States, which he duly signed. From 1789 to 
 1799 he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Georgia, and from 1799 to 1807 he was a member of 
 the United States Senate, part of the time President 
 p7'o tempore of the Senate. He was one of those who 
 voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. He died March 4, 1807, aged fifty-three 
 years. He was the half-brother of Henry Bald- 
 win. 
 
 JSnhlirhi, Afe.ranfJer If. — He wasa native of 
 Alabama, where he was born in 1835; received a legal 
 education and settled in Virginia City, Nevada ; in 
 his thirtieth year was appointed United States Judge 
 for Nevada ; and was killed by a railway accident, at 
 Alameda, California, November 15, 1869. His father, 
 Joseph G. Baldwin, was the author of a popular book 
 entitled " The Flush Times of Alabama and Missis- 
 sippi," and Judge of the Supreme Court of Califor- 
 nia. 
 
 liaJfhvin, Aiiffimfiiii C. — Was born in Salina, 
 New York, December 24, 1817 ; received a common- 
 school education, and having lost his father when 
 young, became dependent upon his own efforts for 
 support ; in 1837 he emigrated to Michigan and 
 settled in Oakland County ; studied law, and at the 
 same time taught school, and came to the bar in 1842. 
 In 1844 and 1846 he was elected to the ]_,egislature of 
 Michigan ; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney 
 for his adopted county ; was a Delegate to the 
 Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Representative from 
 Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Agriculture and Expenditures 
 in the Interior Department. Was a Delegate to the 
 ChicagoConvention in 1864 ; and to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Jiahhrin, Cnleh. — He was born in Washington 
 County, State of Pennsylvania, April 3, 1824 ; gradu- 
 ated at Washington College in 1842 ; read law, moved 
 to Iowa, and began the practice of law there in 1846, 
 before Iowa was admitted into the Union ; was elected 
 one of the Judges of the Supreme Court in the year 
 
 1859, at the first election had in that State under its 
 revised Constitution ; in 1862, at the age of thirty- 
 seven, he became Chief Justice of the State; and, hav- 
 ing served out his full term, he declined a re-election 
 and resumed the practice of law at Council Bluffs, his 
 present place of residence. Was appointed United 
 States District Attorney for the District of Iowa by 
 President Lincoln in 1865, a few days before his as- 
 sassination. 
 
 Saldirin . Ifeiirj/. — He was born in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, in 1779 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1833, when he resigned. 
 He was a distinguished lawyer, and was for many 
 years Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. He died in Philadelphia, April 21, 
 1844. 
 
 Hffldifin, Henry P. — He was bom in Coven- 
 try. Rhode Island, February 22, 1814 ; was left an 
 orphan when a boy, and after receiving a good edu- 
 cation was a mercantile clerk at Pawtucket for eight 
 years before becoming of age, after which he was en- 
 gaged for several years in business on his own ac- 
 count in Woonsocket. In 1838 he emigrated to 
 Detroit, and, identifying himself with the interests 
 of Michigan, became President of the Second Na- 
 tional Bank of Detroit ; was for two years a State 
 Senator ; and he was elected Governor of Michigan 
 for the term commencing with 1869 and ending with 
 the year 1870, to which position he brought a full 
 store of general infonnation gathered from foreign 
 travel and the study of men and books. Re-elected 
 in 1870 for a second term. 
 
 lialdicin, J. G. — He was an early emigrant to 
 California, and a lawyer ; and in 1857 he was appoint- 
 ed a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State ; sub- 
 sequently became Chief Judge ; and died in San 
 Francisco, September 30, 1864. 
 
 Saldiri}), >Tohn. — He was born in Windham, 
 Connecticut ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1825 to 1829, serving on one 
 .standing and one select committee. 
 
 Brifdirin, •Tohn J). — Was bom in North Ston- 
 ington, Connecticut, September 28, 1810 ; graduated 
 at Yale College, receiving the degree of A.M.; read 
 law, but never practiced ; went through a course of 
 theological studies, devoted himself to literary pur- 
 suits, and published a volume entitled " Ra)-mond 
 Hill, and other Poems." In 1842 he became associated 
 with the press, first in Hartford, and then in Boston, 
 and was editor of the Daily Commonitedltli, a 
 writer for the Adivrtiurr, and subsequently became 
 the proprietor of the Wnjrester Spy. He was a 
 Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860, and in 
 1862 he was elected a Representative from Massachu- 
 setts to the Tliirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Expenditures, on Public Buildings, 
 and on Printing ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on the District of 
 Columbia and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. 
 He has for many years been particularly devoted to 
 the study of ancient history, and is the author of a 
 work on that subject, not yet published. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 the Library. 
 
 Baldivin, Jtoger Sherman. — Bom at New 
 
 Haven. Cofanecticut. January 4, 1793 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1811 ; studied law at Litchfield Law 
 School ; was admitted to the bar in 1814, and estab- 
 lished himself in practice at New Haven, where lie 
 
BIOURAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 19 
 
 continued to reside. In 18.37 lie was elected to the American and other reviews. On his return trom 
 State Senate ; re-elected in 1838, and chosen President Europe he spent one year as a tutor at Harvard : was 
 pro tanpure of that body, and was a Trustee of Yale at the head of the Round Hill School at Xorthamp- 
 College in 1838 and 183y". In lS40and 1841 he was a ton ; from 1838 to 1841 he was Collector of Boston, 
 Representative in the General Assembly, and in the appointed bv President Van Buren ; in 1844 he was an 
 latter year was associated with J. Q. Adams in unsuccessful candidate for the Governorship of Mas- 
 the argument before the Supreme Court of the sachusetts ; in 184.5 he was appointed by President 
 United States, in the case of the Africans of the Polk Secretary of the Navy ; in 1846 he was appoiut- 
 Amistad. In 1844 and 184.5 he was Governor of the ed Minister to Great Britain, remaining there until 
 State, and in 1847 was appointed, and in 1848 elected, 1849 ; on his return he settled in New \ork and be- 
 to the United States Senate by the Legislature of came an active member of various learned societies. 
 Connecticut, serving until 1831. He subsequently In 1834 he published the first volume of his " History 
 engaged in his professional duties. He was also a of the United States," since which time nine addi- 
 meraberof the Peace Congress of 1881, and also a I tional volumes have appeared ; in 1855 he publislie_d 
 Presidential Elector in that year, and died in New his " Literary and Historical Miscellanies ;" in 1865, 
 
 Haven, February 10, 18C3. 
 
 by invitationof Congress, he delivered, in the Capitol, 
 an oration on the death of Abraham Lincoln ; and in 
 1867 he was appointed by President Johnson Minister 
 to Prussia. On his return to America he settled in 
 Washington City. 
 
 Banister, John. — He was a Delegate from Vir- 
 ginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, 
 
 Baldwin, Simeon. — Born at Norwich, Connec- 
 ticut, December 14, 1761; graduated at Yale College in 
 1781. In 1783 he was appointed tutor at the College, 
 and continued in that station until 1786, when he was 
 admitted to the bar in New Haven, and commenced 
 the practice of law. From 1790 to 1803 he was Clerk < ^ 
 
 of the District and Circuit Courts of the United • and signed the Articles of Confederation. 
 States ; was a Representative in Congress from Con- 
 necticut from 1803 to 1805, and declined a re-election. | BanliS, JoIin.—V/'tis bom in Juniata County, 
 In 1800 he was appointed by the Legislature Asso- : Pennsylvania, in 1793 ; was brought up on his father's 
 ciate Judge of the Superior Court and of the Supreme ' farm, but received a classical education ; studied law. 
 Court of Errors, and held the office until 1817. In I and came to the bar in 1819, and settled in the west- 
 182-3 was chosen by the General Assembly one of the I em part of the State ; was a Representative in Con- 
 Commissioners to locate the Farmington Canal, and | gress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1836, when he 
 was made President of that Board. In 1826 was resigned to accept the appointment of President 
 elected JIayor of New Haven. In 1830 he resigned Judge of the Third Judicial District of the State ; in 
 
 his office as Commissioner. He died in New Haven, 
 May 26, 1831. He was the father of Roger Sherman 
 Baldwin. 
 
 Bnlestie)', Joseph. — He was a citizen of Mas- 
 sachusetts, and while holding the position of Consul 
 at Singapore, was empowered, in 1849, to negotiate a 
 treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with 
 the Government of Borneo. Authorized to make a 
 similar treat}' with Cochin-China. 
 
 Ball, Edira I'd. — He was bom in Virginia, and was 
 a, Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1853 
 to 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress. He was subsequently elected Sergeant-at-Arms 
 in the House of Representatives. 
 
 Ball, JJ'illiani Lee. — Born in Lancaster County, 
 
 1841 was the Whig Candidate for Governor, but 
 failed to be elected ; and in 1847 he resigned the 
 judgeship and became the State Treasurer. He was 
 subsequently engaged in the practice of his profession, 
 and died at Reading, on the 3d of April, 1864. 
 
 Banks, Linn. — Bom in Virginia, and was for 
 twenty successive years Speaker of the House of 
 Delegates of that State, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1838 to 1842, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Claims. He was found 
 drowned in a stream in Madison County, Virginia, 
 February 24, 1843. 
 
 Banks, Kathaniel P.— Bom in Waltham, Mas- 
 sachusetts, January 30, 1816, of poor but respectable 
 parents, operatives in a factory. He had no advau- 
 
 ^ ^ tages but those aiJorded by the common school, but 
 
 Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from he became a lover of books at an early day. His first 
 that State from 1817 to 1834. Died in Washington, j venture before the public was in the capacity of news- 
 February 28, 1834, aged forty -five years. paper editor in his native town, and he followed the 
 
 I same pursuit at Lowell. He studied law, but did not 
 
 Ballon, Laf inter W, — Bom in Cumberland, j practice to any great extent, and in 1848 he was 
 Rhode Island, March 1. 1812 ; received his education j elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, serving in 
 from the public schools and academies in the ^•^cinity ; i both houses, and officiating for a time as Speaker. He 
 removed to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1838, and | was chosen President of the Convention held in 18.53 
 learned the printing business at the " University i for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts, and 
 Press ; " in 1835 established the " Cambridge Press," | was soon afterwards elected a Representative in Con- 
 and continued in that business until 1843, when he ' gress, serving from 1853 to 1857, when he was elected 
 removed to Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and engaged I Governor of Massachusetts, by a majority of 24,000. 
 in mercantile business ; in 1850 was Cashier of the ' During his second term in Congress he was elected 
 Woonsocket Falls Bank, and was Treasurer of the 1 Speaker of the House, after a remarkable contest, 
 Woonsocket Institution for Savings for twenty-five | and it is said that not one of his decisions was ever 
 years ; was Presidential Elector in 1860, Delegate overruled by the House. He was elected Governor 
 to the Philadelphia Convention of 1872, and was elect- ' of Massachusetts, for a second term, in 1858, and for 
 ed a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress. a third term in 1859. During the Rebellion of 1861- 
 
 '64, he served in the Union Army as a Major-General 
 
 Bancroft, George. — Bom in Worcester, Massa- ' of Volunteers, and saw much service in the field ; 
 chusetts, in 1800; coiiimenced his education at Exeter and in 1865 he was elected a Representative from 
 Academy, New Hampshire, and graduated at Cam- Massachusetts to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the 
 bridge University in 1817; in 1818 he visited Europe, ' place of D. W. Gooch, resigned, serving on the Corn- 
 studied at Gottingen and Berlin, and traveled exten- mittees on the death of President Lincoln, and Rules, 
 sively ; in 1833 he published a volume of Poems ; in and as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
 1824 a translation of " Heeren's Politics of Greece ; " ' He was also one of the Representatives designated to 
 and became a frequent contributor to the Noi-th , attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866 ; was a 
 
20 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " 
 of IbtiO, and of the ' ' Soldiers' Convention " held at 
 Pittsburg ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, as well as to the Forty-second and Forty-fourth 
 Congresses, serving on the most important Committees. 
 
 Banning, Henry S, — He was born in Mount 
 Vernon, Ohio, November 10, 1834 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied and practiced law at 
 Mount Vernon, Ohio, until 1861, when he enlisted as 
 a private soldier, and was promoted to the rank of 
 brevet Major-General ; represented Knox County in 
 the Ohio Legislature in 186G and 1867 ; removed to 
 Cincinnati in the year 1869, where he resumed the 
 practice of law ; and was elected to the Forty-third 
 and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Affairs. In December, 1875, he 
 was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Military 
 Affairs. 
 
 Barber,,!. Allen.- — He was born in Vermont ; 
 obtained a liberal education at the University of 
 Vermont ; studied law, and was admitted to practice 
 in 1833 ; in 1837 removed to the Territory of Wiscon- 
 sin ; was a member of the first Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of Wisconsin in 1846 ; was elected to the State 
 Assembly in 18.53, 1853, and 1863, serving the last 
 year as Speaker ; was elected to the State Senate 
 in 1856 and 1857 ; elected to the Forty-second Con- 
 gress, and was re-elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on several Committees. 
 
 Barber, Levi. — He was born in Litclifield 
 County, Connecticut, and was a Kepresentative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1819, and again 
 from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Barber, Noijes. — He was bom in Groton, Con- 
 necticut, April 38, 1781 ; was in early life a merchant, 
 but a lawyer by profession ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from his native State from 1831 to 1835. 
 He died at Groton, January 3, 1845. He was a man 
 of ability, and while in Congress accomplished much 
 good for his native State, where he was universally 
 respected as a man and a statesman. 
 
 Barbour, James. — A native of Virginia; was 
 Speaker of the House of Delegates, and Governor of 
 that State ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1815 to 
 1835, officiating as President pro <c;n^<»'e of the Senate, 
 as Chairman of the Committees on Foreign Relations 
 and the District of Columbia, and serving on other 
 important Committees. He was appointed Secretary 
 of War in 1835, and Minister to England in 1838. He 
 died in Orange County, Virginia, June 8, 1843, aged 
 sixty -six years. 
 
 Barbour, John S. — Born in Culpepper County, 
 Virginia, in 1810, and died in Culpepper County, Vir- 
 ginia, January 13, 1855. He was in early life a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature ; was froni 1833 to 1833 
 a member of Congress from Virginia ; again in the 
 State Legislature in 1833 and 1834 ; and member of 
 the Constitutional Convention in 1839 and 1830. He 
 was a gentleman of much ability, and exercised con- 
 siderable influence in the public affairs of his State. 
 
 Barbour, Lucien. — He was born in Canton, 
 Connecticut, March 4, 1811 ; graduated at Amherst 
 College in 1837, having, while receiving his own 
 education, been a teacher himself ; he removed to 
 Indiana, studied law, and settled in the practice at 
 Indianapolis. He was appointed by President Polk 
 United States District Attorney ; acted a number of 
 times as arbitrator between the State of Indiana and 
 private corporations ; in 1853 was appointed a Com- 
 missioner to prepare a code of practice for the State ; 
 and was a Representative from Indiana in the 
 
 Thirty-fourth Congress ; since which time he has been 
 devoted to his profession. 
 
 Barbour, Philip P. — Born in 1779; was edu- 
 cated for the law, in the practice of which he was 
 successful ; he was a member of Congress from Vir- 
 ginia from 1814 to 1835 ; Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives in 1831 ; in 1835 he was appointed 
 Judge of the Eastern District of Virginia ; was again 
 in Congress from 1837 to 1830, officiating as Chairman 
 of the Judiciary Committee ; and in 1836 was ap- 
 pointed by President Jackson an Associate Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of the United States. He died in 
 Washington City, of ossification of the heart, Feb- 
 ruary 25, 1841. 
 
 Barelay, David. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress, from 
 his native State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Bard, David. — He was a graduate of Princeton 
 College in 1773, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1799, and again from 
 1803 to 1815. Died in Virginia in 1815. 
 
 Barli'er, Abraham A. — Bom in Lovell, Ox- 
 ford County, Maine, March 30, 1816 ; received a 
 common-school education, and engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits ; was early a strenuous advocate of temper- 
 ance and anti-slavery ; removed to Pennsylvania in 
 1854, and devoted himself to the lumber and mercan- 
 tile business ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Conven- 
 tion of 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. 
 
 Barker, David. — He was a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Hampshire from 1837 to 1839, and died in 
 Rochester, New Hampshire April 1, 1834, aged 
 
 thirty-seven years. 
 
 Barker, Joseph. — He commenced his classical 
 studies at Harvard University, and graduated at Yale 
 College in 1771 ; was an ordained Preacher of the 
 Gospel ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1805 to 1809. He died in 1815, 
 aged sixty-four years. 
 
 Barksdale, William. — Born in Rutherford 
 County, Tennessee, August 31, 1831, and pursued a 
 partial course of studies at the Nashville University. 
 He was a lawyer by profession ; held a commission in 
 the Staff of the Second Mississippi Regiment, in the 
 Mexican war, in 1847 ; was a member of tlie Missis- 
 sippi Convention called in 1851 to discuss the Compro- 
 mise measures of 1850 : and was elected Representa- 
 tive from Mississippi in the Thirty-third, Thirty- 
 foiu'th. Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign 
 Affairs. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861, and was 
 killed at the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. 
 
 Barloiv, Joel. — Was born in Reading, Connecti- 
 cut, March, 1755 ; served as a volunteer in the 
 Revolutionary Army, studied theology, was licensed 
 as a Congregational minister, and from 1778 to 1783 
 was a chaplain in the army, varying his clerical duties 
 with the composition of patriotic songs and addresses 
 to keep up the spirit of the soldiers. About 1781 he 
 delivered, at New Haven, a poem entitled " The Pros- 
 pect of Peace." Settling at Hartford he tried book- 
 selling ; established the Amcricini Mercury, a weekly 
 paper, and in 1785 was admitted to the bar. In 1786 
 he published a revision of Dr. Watts' version of the 
 Psalms, containing some pieces of his own. He was 
 also one of the authors of the " Anarchaid," and in 
 1787 published his " Vision of Columbus." In 1788 
 
lOOBAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 21 
 
 visited Europe as agent of the Ohio Land Company, and 
 published, in aid of the French Revolution, " Advice 
 to the Privileged Orders," '■ Letter to the National 
 Convention," and in 1791, " Conspiracy of the Kings," 
 a ])oein. In 1792, as Deputy of the London Constitu- 
 tional Society, presented an address to the French 
 Convention, by whom he was invested with the rights 
 of a French citizen, and given emploraient in Savoy, 
 where he wrote his mock-heroic poem, "Hasty 
 Pudding." In 1795 to 1797, he was United States 
 Consul at Algiers and negotiated treaties with Algiers 
 and Tripoli ; in 1796 he published his political 
 writings. In 1799, published his letter to the people 
 of the United States, and endeavored to adjust our 
 difficulties with France, and in a memoir to the French 
 Government, denounced privateering as sea-robbery. 
 In 180.5 he returned to the United States and resided 
 on the Potomac near Washington. In 1807 published 
 the " Columbiad ; " in 1811 was Embassador to 
 France. He was invited by the French Minister to a 
 conference with Napoleon at WUna, but died before 
 his arrival there, at Zarnowicke, near Cracow, Poland, 
 December 23, 1813. 
 
 Barlow, Stepfieii.. — He was a Representative in 
 Copgress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1839, and 
 was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Harnavd, Dan iel Deirei/. — He was born in 
 Berkshire County, Massachusetts, in 1797 ; gradu- 
 ated at Williams College in 1818 ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar, in New York, in 1831 ; in 
 1836 was elected District Attorney for the County of 
 Monroe, New York ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839, and 
 again from 1839 to 1845, serving as Chairman of the 
 Judiciary Committee. In 1850 he was api)ointed 
 Minister to Prussia. He devoted much attention to 
 literary pursuits, and the degree of LL.D. was con- 
 ferred upon him by the Colleges of Geneva and New 
 York. Died at Albany, April 34, 1861. 
 
 BflfnoffT, Henry, — Born in Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut, January 24, 1811 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1880 ; was admitted to the bar in 1835 ; traveled 
 extensively in Europe until 1837, when he was elected 
 a member of the Legislature of Connecticut, and was 
 twice re-elected to that otiice ; during which time he 
 effected a re-organization of the State Common School 
 system. He was four years Secretary of the Board 
 of School Commissioners, and made his first annual 
 report in 1839 ; issued four volumes of the Gmnecti- 
 cut Common School Juurnal ; and continued it from 
 1850 to 1855. He was Superintendent of Public 
 Schools in Rhode Island, from 1843 to 1849 ; State 
 Superintendent of School Architecture from 1850 to 
 1854 ; and began the American Journal of Education 
 in 1855 ; and became President of the American 
 Association for the Advancement of Education ; in 
 1857 was appointed Commissioner of the new Depart- 
 ment of Education at Washington. He has pub- 
 lished several works on Education in Europe and 
 America. He received the degree of LL.D. from 
 Harvard University, in 1853. 
 
 Knrnnrd, Isaac D. — Was born at Aston, 
 Pennsylvania, 1791 : received an ordinary education ; 
 began to study law in Chester in 1811 ; was appointed 
 Captain of the Fourteenth Infantry March 13, 1813 ; and 
 Major, June 26, 1813 ; was distinguished at Lyons 
 Creek, and at the capture of Fort George in 1813 ; 
 left the army in 1815. Resuming his legal studies, 
 was admitted to the bar in 1810 at Westchester ; was 
 soon made Deputy Attorney-General ; chosen State 
 Senator in 1830 ; Secretary of State in 1836 ; and 
 United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1837 
 to 1831. Died at Westchester, Pennsylvania, Feb- 
 ruary 28, 1834. 
 
 Barnes, Alanson H. — He was born in New 
 York ; removed to Wisconsin and practiced the pro- 
 fession of law ; and in 1873, was appointed United 
 States Associate Justice for the Territory of Dakota, 
 and resides in the town of Fargo. 
 
 Barnes, David Leonard. — He was a citizen 
 of Rhode Island, and in 1801 he was appointed by 
 President Adams United States Judge for the Dis- 
 trict of Rhode Island. 
 
 Barnes, Deinas. — He was bnrn in Qorham 
 township, Ontario County, New York, April 4, 1827, 
 received an academical and classical education ; spent 
 his boyhood on a farm ; became a clerk in a country 
 store ; subsequently a merchant, and, in his twenty- 
 second year, he removed to New York city, where he 
 followed the drug and medicine business, with branch 
 liouses in New Orleans and Montreal. After serving 
 as a member of the Cliamber of Commerce, and as 
 President of several incorporated companies, he 
 crossed the American Continent in a wagon, examin- 
 ing the mineral resources of Colorado, Nevada, and 
 California ; and in 1866 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and 
 Education and Labor. 
 
 Barnetf, Willi<nn. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Georgia from 1812 to 1815, 
 when he was appointed one of the Commissioners to 
 run the Creek Boundary line. 
 
 Barnei/, John. — He was a son of Commodore 
 Joshua Barney, and a member of Congress from 
 Maryland from 1825 to 1837. He died in Washing- 
 ton, District of Columbia, January 36, 1857, aged 
 seventy-two years. He was known in Washington 
 society for many years as an agreeable gentleman ; 
 and he left behind him an unfinished record of 
 "Personal Recollections of Men andThing.s," both in 
 this country and Europe. 
 
 Barnifz, Charles A. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 
 1835, and died at York, in that State, in March, 
 1850. 
 
 Barninn, William If. — He was born in Con- 
 necticut, September 17, 1818 ; received a common- 
 school education, and when eighteen years of age be- 
 came engaged in business pursuits, and was for many 
 years largely engaged in the production of iron from 
 the ore, and in the manufacture of car-wheels. In 
 1853 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Union National Con- 
 vention" of 1866 ; and in April, 1867, he was elected 
 a Representative from Connecticut to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac- 
 tures, and Roads and Canals ; was re-elected to the 
 Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses ; also to the 
 Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on 
 various important Committees. 
 
 Barnwell, Boherf. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina, 1791 to 1793. 
 
 Barnwell, Bobert Jf'oodward. — He was bom 
 
 in South Carolina ; graduated at Harvard University 
 in 1831 ; studied law, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1829 to 1833 ; 
 was President of the South Carolina College from 
 1835 to 1843, and was a Senator in Congress, in 1850, 
 by appointment, to fill a vacancy caused by the 
 death of Franklin H. Elmore. In December, 1860, 
 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to visit 
 Washington in behalf of South Carolina, and served 
 as a member of the "Confederate" Congress; after 
 
33 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 the war he was again President of the South Caro- 
 lina College. 
 
 Barr, Thomas J, — Born in New Yorli city in 
 1812 ; commenced life by devoting himself to a variety 
 of ijursuits ; from 1835 to 1843 he held the position of 
 a landlord in New Jersey : in 1849 and 1850 he was an 
 Assistant Alderman in the City Councils of New 
 York ; in 1853 he was elected a member of the State 
 Senate ; and he was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
 gress from New York, taking his seat during the 
 second session of the Thirty-tifth Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Expenses in the State 
 Department. He subsequently held an office in New 
 York connected with the Custom House. 
 
 Jiavrere, Grfnivillc.—B.e was bora in High- 
 land County, Ohio ; received a common-school edu- 
 cation ; attended college at Augusta, Kentucky, and 
 Marietta, Ohio ; studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar in Ohio, and commenced the practice thereof in 
 Illinois in 1856 ; devoted his entire attention to prac- 
 tice until elected to the Forty-third Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Private Land Claims and 
 Weights and Measures. 
 
 Btirrere, ^el.ioii, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress, from Ohio from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Buri'eff, »/. liichafd. — Born in Kentucky, and 
 removing to Missouri was elected a Representative 
 from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Public Lands. 
 
 Barrett, Joseph H. — He was born in Vermont; 
 received a good education ; was appointed in 1861, 
 from Ohio, Commissioner of Pensions ; and in 1868 he 
 resigned the position and returned to Ohio, and asso- 
 ciated himself with the newspaper press of Cincinnati. 
 
 Bari'iii.fjer, Daniel L. — Born in Mecklenburg 
 County, North Carolina, October 1, 1788 ; had a good 
 classical education ; studied law, and practiced with 
 success in Wake County ; served in the Legislature 
 of North Carolina in 1813, and again from 1819 to 
 1832 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 North Carolina from 1836 to 1835. He was also a 
 Presidential Elector in 1844. He subsequently re- 
 moved to Tennessee, and was elected Speaker of the 
 House of Representatives of that State. He died Oc- 
 tober 16, 1853. 
 
 Barringer, I)<niiel Moreaii, — Was born in 
 Cabarras County, North Carolina, and graduated at 
 the University of North Carolina in 1836 ; he selected 
 the law as a profession, having commenced to prac- 
 tice in 1839. In that year he was elected a member 
 of the State Legislature, in which position he con- 
 tinued for a number of years. In 1835 he was a mem- 
 ber of a Convention to amend the State Constitution. 
 He was a Representative In Congress from North 
 Carolina from 1843 to 1849, when he was appointed 
 by President Taylor Minister to Spain, and continued 
 in that mission by President Fillmore. On resigning 
 his position as Minister, after serving four years, he 
 traveled extensively in Europe, and, on his return 
 home, was elected to the State Legislature, and in 
 1855, having declined a re-election, retired to private 
 life, devoting himself to literary studies and pursuits. 
 He was also elected a Delegate to the Peace Congress 
 of 1861, and also to the Philadelphia "National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. Died at the Green 
 Brier Springs, Virginia, September 1, 1873. 
 
 Barron, IT, D. — He was appointed in 1869 
 Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, and held the office un- 
 til 1873. 
 
 Barrow, Alexander. — Born in Nashville, 
 Tennessee, in 1801, where, after completing his edu- 
 cation, he was admitted to the bar ; he soon after re- 
 moved to Louisiana, gave up the practice of law, and 
 turned his attention to planting. He served a num- 
 ber of years in the Legislature of Louisiana, and was 
 a Senator in Congress from Louisiana from 1841 to 
 1846. Died December 39, 1846. 
 
 Barroir, Washington,— Re was a native of 
 Tennessee ; a lawyer by education and profession. 
 In 1841 was appointed American Charge d' Affaires to 
 Portugal, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Commit- 
 tee for the District of Columbia. During the Rebel- 
 lion he was arrested by the Governor of Tennessee 
 for alleged disloyalty ; but was soon released by 
 order of President Lincoln. Died at St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri, October 19, 1866. 
 
 Barry, Henry IV, — Bom in New York ; re- 
 ceived a limited education ; was principal of an 
 academy in Kentucky for two years; graduated at the 
 Columbian Law College, District of Columbia ; en- 
 tered the Union Army as a private-early in the Rebel- 
 lion ; organized the first regiment of colored troops 
 raised in Kentucky ; commanded a brigade and a di- 
 vision of the Army ; was brevetted twice for gallant 
 conduct ; was a Major-General ; was elected to the 
 State Constitutional Convention of Mississippi in 
 1867 ; to the State Senate in 1808; and was elected to 
 the Forty-first and two subsequent Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Patents, and as Chairman of 
 that on the Post Office. Died in Washington, June 
 7, 1875. 
 
 Barry, •John S, — Born in Veraiont in 1803 ; 
 educated at the public schools of that State ; while a 
 young man went to Georgia and resided at Atlanta. 
 He subsequently emigrated to the Territory of Michi- 
 gan and settled in the town of Constantine, where he 
 resided until his death. Although educated for the 
 legal profession, he turned his attention to mercantile 
 pursuits. His first public service was rendered as a 
 member of the first Constitutional Convention, iu 
 which he took a leading part ; upon the organization 
 of the State Government he was elected a State Sen- 
 ator, and in 1841 chosen Governor of the State ; re- 
 elected in 1843, and also in 1849. He was also, on 
 two occasions, a Presidential Elector. In 1840 he 
 took a special interest in the cultivation of the sugar- 
 beet, and with a view of obtaining information in re- 
 gard to its' manufacture visited Europe. His last 
 public service was as a member of the Democratic 
 Presidential Convention held in Chicago in 1804. 
 He died in Constantine, January 15, 1870. 
 
 Barry, William T, — He was born in Fairfax 
 County, Virginia, March 18, 1780 ; and was a Senator 
 in Congress from Kentucky from 1814 to 1810, hav- 
 ing previously served in the State Legislature as 
 Speaker, and during the years 1810 and 1811 been a 
 Representative in Congress from the same State. He 
 was also a member of President Jackson's cabinet, 
 as Postmaster-General (the first, as such, admitted to 
 that honor), and at the time of his death, which oc- 
 curred in Liverpool, England, August 30, 1835, he 
 was Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to 
 Spain. 
 
 Barry, William T, S. — He was born in Co- 
 lumbus, Mississippi, December 12, 1831; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1841 ; was a planter in Oktibbeha 
 County ; practiced law in Columbus two or three 
 years ; was a member of the Legislature from 1849 to 
 1851 ; removed to Sunflower County ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Mississippi from 1853 to 
 1855 ; again practiced law in Columbus ; was Speaker 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 23 
 
 of the Legislature in 1855 ; seceded from tlie Charles- 
 ton Convention in 18G0 ; and was President of the 
 Secession Convention of Mississippi, and member of 
 the Provisional Congress. He entered the Confeder- 
 ate Army in 18G1, and commanded the Thirty fifth 
 Mississippi Regiment, from 1863, until captured at Mo- 
 bile in 1865 ; and afterwards practiced law in Colum- 
 bus. He died in that city, January 29, 1868. 
 
 Sfirstow, GamaUel H.—lle was Treasurer of 
 the State of New York from 1825 to 1838 ; served 
 three years in the Assembly of New York ; four years 
 in the State Senate, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1831 to 1833. Died at 
 Nichols, New Y'ork, in April, 1865, aged eighty 
 years. 
 
 Barstow, Gideon. — A native of Massachusetts; 
 was a member of both branches of the Legislature of 
 that State, and a Representative in Congress from 
 1821 to 1823. He died in St. Augustine, Florida, 
 where he had gone for his health, March 36, 1852, 
 aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Barstotv, WiUiatn A. — He was born in 1811, 
 and was Governor of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1856. 
 When the Rebellion commenced, he raised a regi- 
 ment of cavalry for the war, and was appointed its 
 Colonel ; rendered important service on courts-mar- 
 ial at St. Louis, and died at Leavenworth, Kansas, 
 December 14, 1865. 
 
 lidrtlett, Asa. — He was appointed Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for the Territory of Da- 
 kota. 
 
 Bartlett, Bailey. — He was Sheriff of Essex 
 County, Massachusetts, for many years, and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1797 to 1801, having succeeded T. Bradbury. 
 
 Bartlett, Ichabod. — He was born in Salisbury, 
 Merrimack County, New Hami)shire, in 1786 ; gradu- 
 ated at Dartmouth College in 1808 ; studied law, and 
 settled in Portsmouth, where he was eminently suc- 
 cessful in his profession, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 1823 to 1829, 
 serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was 
 also frequently in the State Legislature, and a mem- 
 ber of the Convention to revise the State Constitu- 
 tion. He died in Portsmouth, October 19, 1853. 
 
 Bai'tleff, ifojut, Biissell. — Born at Providence, 
 Rhode Island, October 23, 1805 ; was early placed in 
 a banking-house, and was for six years Cashier of the 
 Globe Bank, Providence ; was one of the founders of 
 the Athenaeum, and a member of the Franklin Society 
 for the Cultivation of Science, before which he occas- 
 ionally lectured. In 1837 he engaged in an unsuc- 
 cessful business in New York, and then established a 
 foreign book-store ; was a manager of the New York 
 Historical Society, and the Ethnological Society. In 
 1850 was Commissioner to fix the boundary-line be- 
 tween the United States and Mexico ; and in 1854 
 published a personal narrative of places visited ; also, 
 in 1847, a work on Ethnology ; and in 1848, " Diction- 
 ary of Americanisms ; " was appointed Secretary of 
 State of Rhode Island in 1855, and still holds the 
 position ; published the records of the Colony, in ten 
 volumes. He was Acting Governor in 1861 and 1862; 
 published " Bibliography of Rhode Island " in 1864; 
 " Bibliotheca Americana '' from 1865 to 1870 ; "Lit- 
 erature of the Rebellion " in 1866 ; " Reminiscences 
 of Albert Gallatin" in 1849; "Primeval Man" in 
 1868 ; "History of the Destruction of the Gaspee " in 
 1862 ; " Index to the Acts and Resolves of the General 
 Assembly of Rhode Island," from 1758 to 1862, and 
 other records of the State. 
 
 Ba rfletf, Joseph J. — He was a citizen of New 
 Y'ork, and in 1807 he was appointed Minister Resident 
 to Sweden and Norway, where he remained until 
 1869. 
 
 Bartlett , tfosiaJi. — Was born in New Hamp- 
 shire in 1768, and died at Stratham, in that State, 
 AprU 14, 1838. He was a physician of extensive prac- 
 tice, and a Representative in Congress from New 
 Hampshire from 1811 to 1813 ; also a Presidential 
 Elector in 1792 and 1825. His father, bearing the 
 same name, was a man of note, and the first Gover- 
 nor of New Hampshire, after the adoption of the 
 Federal Constitution. 
 
 Bartlett, Josiah, — Born in Amesbury, Massa- 
 chusetts, in November, 1727, and died May 19, 1795. 
 He was educated for the medical profession ; held 
 commissions, both military and civil, under tlie royal 
 government ; accompanied Stark to Bennington as 
 medical agent ; was a Delegate from New Hampshire 
 to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and 
 signed the Articles of Confederation and Declaration 
 of Independence ; was appointed in the latter year 
 Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Justice 
 of the Superior Court in 1784, and Chief Justice in 
 1788. In 1790 he was appointed President of New 
 Hampshire, and elected by the people in 1791 and 
 1792. In 1793 he was elected Governor of New Hamp- 
 shire under the Constitution, serving two years ; and 
 he was the President of a Medical Society established 
 by his efforts in 1791. 
 
 Bartlett, Thomas, Jr. — He was horn in Ver- 
 mont, adopted the profession of law, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 
 1853. He served three years in the State Legislature, 
 both houses ; was County Attorney in 1839 and 1841 ; 
 and President of the State Constitutional Convention 
 of 1850. 
 
 Bartlett, William If. — He was born in Salis- 
 bury, Vermont, in 1827 ; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1847 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1851 ; was, for a time, Solicitor for the city of Con- 
 cord, in New Hampshire, and in 1861 was chosen an 
 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of that State. 
 Died at Concord, September 24, 1867. 
 
 Bartlef/, Mordecai. — Born in Fayette County, 
 Pennsylvania, December 16, 1783 ; his parents settled 
 in Loudon County, Virginia, in 1724 ; he attended 
 school during intervals from labor on his father's 
 farm ; removed to Ohio in 1809, and engaged in agri- 
 culture in Mansfield, Richland County. He was Cap- 
 tain and Adjutant under Harrison in the War of 1812; 
 was a State Senator in 1817 and 1818 ; Register of the 
 Land Office from 1818 to 1828 ; Re])reseutative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1831, and Governor 
 of Ohio from 1844 to 1846. During the war with 
 Mexico, the President issued a call for troops, and 
 Governor Bartley promptly responded, although he 
 and his party were opposed to the war ; he also su- 
 perintended their organization in person, and for- 
 warded the full quota of Ohio, in obedience to what 
 he thought his duty. He was the father of Thomas 
 W. Bartley. He died October 12, 1870. 
 
 Bartleji, Thomas W. — He was bom in Jeffer- 
 son County, Ohio, February 11, 1812 ; was educated 
 at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and graduated in 
 October, 1839, and in 1833" the degree of Master of 
 Arts was conferred on him. He studied law in Wash- 
 ington, District of Columbia, and commenced the 
 practice of law at Mansfield, Ohio, in 1833. He 
 served as State Attorney four years, and as United 
 States District Attorney, for the District of Ohio, 
 four years. He served two years in the House of 
 
24 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Representatives, and four years in the Senate of 
 Ohio. In ly.51 he was elected Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Ohio, and served in that position two terms, 
 and three years of the lime as the Chief Justice of the 
 Court. On retiring from the bench he engaged in 
 the practice of law in Cincinnati, Ohio, for several 
 years, but on account of the ill-health of his family 
 in Cincinnati, he removed to Washington, District of 
 Columbia, in 186U, where he is now engaged in the 
 practice of his profession. In 1844, when Governor 
 Shannon resigned to go as Minister to Mexico, Mr. 
 Hartley, as President of the Senate, became the Gov- 
 ernor, and in December of that year he was himself 
 succeeded by his father, Mordecai Hartley, who had 
 been regularly elected. 
 
 Barton, David. — He was one of the first emi- 
 grants to the Territory of Missouri ; President of the 
 Convention which met to form a State Constitution 
 in 1820 ; was a Senator in Congress from Missouri 
 from 1831 to 1831, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Puljlic Lands ; and was a man ol distin- 
 guished talents. Died near BoonviUe, Missouri, Sep- 
 tember 28, 1837. 
 
 Barton, Bicliard If. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1841 to 1843. He also served in the 
 State Legislature, and was the first President of the 
 Valley Agricultural Society. Died in Frederick 
 County, Virginia, March 15, 1859. 
 
 Barton, Satniiel. — He was born in New York, 
 served three years in the Assembly of that State, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Barton,, Seth, — He was born in Maryland, and 
 in 1845 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury, hold- 
 ing the office until 1847, when he was appointed 
 Chargfi d'Affaires to Chili, where he remained two 
 years, and returned to the United States. 
 
 Basil ford. Cafes. — Born near Cold Spring, Put- 
 nam County, New York, January 24, 1816; educated 
 at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in i8-13 ; in 1847 elected District 
 Attorney for Wayne County ; resigned his office in 
 1850, and removed to Wisconsin ; in 1852 he was 
 chosen to the Senate of that State ; was re-elected, 
 but resigned, in 18.55 ; in 1856 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of Wisconsin. In 1863 he removed to Arizona; 
 was Attorney-General of that Territory from 1864 to 
 1866 ; was a member and also President of the Terri- 
 torial Council ; and in 1866 was elected a Delegate 
 from Arizona to the Fortieth Congress. Appointed 
 Secretary of Ai'izona in 1869. 
 
 Bass, Lf/nian K, — He was born in Alden, New 
 York, November 13, 1836 ; graduated at Union Col- 
 lege, in 1856 ; studied law, and practiced the pro- 
 fession at Buffalo ; was elected District Attorney 
 for Erie County in 1865, for three years ; was re- 
 elected in 1868, and served until 1873 ; was renomi- 
 nated and declined, and was elected to the Forty-third 
 and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Railroads and Canals, and Affairs of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 Bassett, Biirirefl, — He was born in New Kent 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1805 to 1813, from 1815 to 
 1819, and from 1831 to 1831. 
 
 Bassett, E. B, — He was born in Connecticut, of 
 colored descent ; and after receiNang some education, 
 removed to Pennsylvania, and from Philadelphia, in 
 that State, he was appointed, in 1869, Minister Resi- 
 dent to Hayti, residing at Port au Prince. 
 
 Bassett, Birhard. — He was a member from 
 Delaware of the Convention which foi'med the Con- 
 stitution, and signed that instrument ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1797, and a Senator in Congress 
 from 1789 to 1793, liaving been the first man who cast 
 his vote for locating tlie Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. He was also Chief Justice of the Federal 
 Supreme Court, Governor of Delaware from 1798 to 
 1801, and died in September, 1815. 
 
 Batemau, Uphraim. — He was born in Cum- 
 berland, New Jersey ; was well educated, and adopted 
 the profession of medicine ; was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1836 to 1839, and was a 
 member of the Committees on Agriculture and En- 
 rolled Bills ; having previously been a Representative 
 in Congress from 1815 to 1823, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on the Post Office and Accounts. He was 
 elected to the Senate by his own vote in joint meeting 
 of the Legislature, and a Committee of the Senate 
 reported that his election was entirely legal. Died 
 January 21, 1829. 
 
 Bates, Edward. — Was born September 4, 1793, 
 at Belmont, Goochland County, Virginia. His educa- 
 tion was commenced by his father, and succeeded by 
 several years of academic instruction, mostly at Char- 
 lotte Hall, Maryland, and finished by an accomplished 
 private tutor. In early youth he declined a midship- 
 man's warrant, and served, in 1813, at Norfolk, in 
 the Virginia Militia, from February to October. In 
 1814 he migrated to St. Louis, there studied law, and 
 began to practice in 1816. In 1818 he was appointed 
 Prosecuting Attorney for that Circuit ; in 1820 was a 
 Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, and 
 was the same year appointed Attorney-General of the 
 new State of Missouri. He resigned that office in 
 1833, and was elected to the lower branch of the 
 State Legislature. In 1824 he was ajipointed by 
 President Monroe United States Attorney for the 
 Missouri District ; in 1836 resigned, and was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from Missouri, sei-ving 
 from 1837 to 1839. In 1830 he was elected to the 
 State Senate, and in 1834 again to the lower House of 
 the Legislature. In 1835, being enfeebled by seden- 
 tary labor, he moved to the country, and practiced 
 law for seven years, traveling much on horseback 
 around the prairies. In 1842 he returned to St. Louis, 
 and in 1850 he was appointed by President Fillmore 
 Secretary of War, but declined the office. In 1853 
 was elected Judge of the St. Louis Land Court, which 
 office he resigned in 1856. During that year he pre- 
 sided at the Whig Convention of Baltimore, and in 
 1858 received from Harvard University the degree of 
 LL.D. In 1861 he was ajipointed Attorney-General 
 in President Lincoln's Cabinet. Died in St. Louis, 
 March 35, 1869. 
 
 Bates, FredericJi. — He was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Jeifer.son, in 1805, the first United States Judge 
 for the Territory of Michigan ; and having subse- 
 quently become a citizen of Missouri, he was elected 
 Governor of the same, serving from 1834 to 1836. 
 
 Bates, Isaac (\ — Born at Granville, Massaclm- 
 setts, in 1780, and graduated at Yale College in 1803. 
 He studied law and attained a high position as an ad- 
 vocate. He was frequently in the State Legislature 
 and a member of the Executive Council ; was a Rej)- 
 resentative in Congress from 1837 to 1833, and a 
 Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1845, and was 
 Chairman of the Committee on Pensions. In 1837 and 
 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. He died in 
 Washington City, March 16, 1843. 
 
 Bates, tTanies. — He was bred a physician; for 
 some years connected with the Insane Hospital at 
 Augusta ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 Somerset County, Maine, from 1831 to 1833, and a 
 member of tlie Committee on Expenditures in the 
 Post Office Department. 
 
 Jiaten, James W. — He was born in Goocbland 
 CouutT, Virginia, and was a Delegate to Congress 
 from the Territory of Arkansas from 1820 to 1823. 
 
 liaten, 'J, H'oodson, — He was an early emigrant 
 to the southwest, and while residing at the Post of 
 Arkansas was appointed United States Judge for that 
 Territory. 
 
 Snfefi, Martin If. — He was born in Salisbury, 
 Litchfield County, Connecticut, February 24, 1787 ; 
 he received a good English education, and became a 
 lawyer by profession, having first studied medicine. 
 He removed to Delaware, and was several times elect- 
 ed to the Legislature of that State ; and in 1850 was 
 a member of the Constitutional Convention of the 
 State of Delaware. He took his seat in the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, as a Senator from Delaware, serving 
 from 1857 to 1859 on the Committees on Pensions 
 and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Sattle, William H. — Born in Edgecombe 
 County, North Carolina, in 1802 ; graduated at Chapel 
 HUl College in 1820 ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1824 ; in 1833 he was one of the Commissioners to 
 revise the State laws ; in 1840 he was appointed a 
 Judge of the Superior Court ; subsequently promoted 
 to the Sui>reme Bench, but not ratified by the Legis- 
 lature ; and in 1849 was re-appointed to the Superior 
 Court, which i)Osition he held for many years. 
 
 Hattfais, A., — He was Acting Governor of Lou- 
 siana in 1830. 
 
 Sa.rtfr, ElisJta. — He was the reputed Governor 
 of Arkansas during a part of the years 1874 and 1875, 
 but owing to the ditiSculties in that State respecting 
 his election, it is not in the power of the compiler to 
 speak positively. 
 
 Ba.rfer, Ifenrt/. — He was a citizen of Slichigan, 
 and in 18li6 was appointed Minister Resident to Hon- 
 duras, where he remained until 1869, when he 
 returned to the United States. 
 
 lia.ffff, Portus. — Was born in Erownington, 
 Orleans County, Vermont ; received a liberal educa- 
 tion, adopted the occupation of a merchant, and was 
 elected a Rejiresentative from Vermont to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
 tions ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and 
 served on the same Committee, and also on that of 
 Expenditures in the Navy Department. In 1852 and 
 in 1856 lie was a Presidential Elector. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Elections and Agriculture. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 Died in Washington, March 4, 1868. 
 
 Ha if, iniliam V. JV. — He was born in New 
 York, and, having become a citizen of Missouri, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 
 1851, from that State. 
 
 Jia!/(ir<l, tTames A, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1767, and graduated at Princeton College in 
 1784. After studying law at Philadelphia, he com- 
 menced the practice in Delaware. In 1796 he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Delaware, 
 serving from 1797 to 1801, when he was appointed 
 Minister to France. In 1804 he was elected to the 
 United States Senate, of which body he continued a 
 member till he was appointed by President Madison, 
 in 1813, a Commissioner to negotiate a peace with 
 
 Great Britain. The absence of the Emperor from St. 
 Petersburg preventing the transaction of any l«isi- 
 ness, he proceeded to Holland. He lent his aide as- 
 sistance in the negotiation of the treaty of peace at 
 Ghent. At Paris he was apprised of his appointment 
 as Envoy to the Court of St. Petersburg ; this he 
 declined. He tendered, however, his co-operation in 
 forming a commercial treaty with Great Britain ; but 
 an alarming illness compelled him to return to the 
 United States. He arrived in June, and died August 
 6, 1815. He was the son-in-law of Richard Bassett. 
 
 Bayard, James A. — He was born in Wilming- 
 ton, Delaware, November 15, 1799 ; was a Senator in 
 Congress from Delaware from 1851 to 1864, and 
 Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary, and a 
 member of the Committees on the Library and on 
 Public Grounds. In 1863 he was re-elected for his 
 third term, but resigned in January, 1864. He was 
 the son of the Senator bearing the same name, and a 
 brother of Richard H. Bayard. In April, 1867, he was 
 appointed to a seat in the Senate in the place of 
 George R. Riddle, deceased, and elected. He was a 
 Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Batjard, John, — He was a Delegate from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 
 1787. 
 
 Bayard, Biehard W,— He was born in Wil- 
 mington, Delaware, in 1796 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1814 ; was bred to the law, and was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Delaware from 1836 to 1839, 
 and again from 1841 to 1845. He was subse(]uently 
 appointed Charg6 d'Affaires, in 1850, to Belgium. 
 Died in Philadelphia, March 4, 1868. 
 
 Bayard, Thomas F. — He was born in Wil- 
 mington, Delaware, in October, 1828 ; was chiefiy 
 educated at the Flushing School, established by the 
 Rev. Dr. F. L. Hawks, and although his early train- 
 ing was for a mercantile life, he studied and adopted 
 the profession of law. He came to the bar in 1851, 
 and, excepting the years 1855 and 1856, when he 
 resided in Philadelphia, he has always practiced in 
 his native city. In 1853, he was appointed L'nited 
 States District Attorney for Delaware, but resigned in 
 1854 ; was elected a Senator in Congress from that 
 State for the term commencing in 1869, and ending in 
 1875, serving on the Committees on Finance, Private 
 Land Claims, and Revision of Laws. On the same 
 day of his election, his father, James A. Bayard, was 
 also re-elected to the Senate from the same State — the 
 only instance of the kind which ever occurred. 
 
 Bayard, William, — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Colonial Congress, held in New 
 York city in 1765. 
 
 Bayley, Thomas, — He was born in Somerset 
 County, Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1794, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1817 to 1823. 
 
 Ba yley, Thomas 31. — Born in Virginia in 1775 ; 
 entered public life in 1798, and continued therein 
 until 1830 ; served in both branches of the State Leg- 
 islature, and was a member of the State Constitution- 
 al Convention of 1830 ; having been a Representative 
 in Congress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. It 
 was said of him that he never lost an election. Died 
 in Accomac County iu 1834. 
 
 Baylies, Francis, — Born in Bristol County, Mas- 
 sachusetts, October 16, 1783 ; was Register of Probate 
 in Bristol County, Massachusetts, from 1812 to 1820 ; 
 a member of the State Legislature from 1827 to 1833, 
 and also in 1835 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 
26 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 from Massacliusstts from 1831 to 1837, and in 1833 was 
 appointed Charge d' Affaires to Buenos Ayres, and 
 died October 38, 1853. He was the author of "A 
 History of the Plymouth Colony." 
 
 Bdylies, WiUluni, — He graduated at Harvard 
 College in 17G0 ; was a member of the Provincial 
 Congress in 1775 ; often a member of the Massachu- 
 setts State Council ; served many years in the State 
 Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; and 
 a Representative in CongrchS from Massachusetts 
 from 1805 to 1809, when his seat was successfully 
 contested by Charles Turner. He died at Dighton, 
 Massachusetts, June 17, 1836, aged eighty-two years. 
 
 Sai/lies, If'illiaiii. — He was born in Dighton, 
 Massachusetts, September 15, 1776 ; graduated at 
 Brown University in 1795, studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1799. He held a number of local offices, 
 served in the State Legislature in 1830 and 1831, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Massachu- 
 setts from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1833 to 1835, 
 serving on important Committees. Died in Taunton, 
 Massachusetts, September 37, 1865. His father, 
 bearing the same name, was also in Congress. 
 
 Boylor, li. JS. U. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Alabama, from 1839 to 1831. 
 
 Safllij, Thomaii. Henry. — Born in Accomac 
 County, Virginia, in 1810 ; graduated at the Universi- 
 ty of Virginia, and came to the bar in 1830. At the 
 age of twenty-six he was chosen a member of the 
 General Assembly of Virginia, and was re-elected for 
 five years in succession. While a member of the 
 Legislature he was elected by that body a Brigadier- 
 General of the Militia of Eastern Virginia. He 
 resigned his seat, and was elected Judge of the Cir- 
 cuit Superior Court of Law. In 1844 he resigned his 
 seat on the bench, and was elected to the House of 
 Representatives, from the Accomac District, and con- 
 tinued, by successive elections, a member of the 
 House for twelve years, until the time of his death ; 
 during the Thirty-first Congress officiating as Chair- 
 man of the Committee of Ways and Means. He lived 
 and died on the same spot where his ancestors from 
 England landed in 1660, and where they established 
 the family home. He commanded the same brigade 
 which liis grandfather had commanded, and he held 
 the same seat in the General Assembly of his State 
 and in the House of Rejiresentatives which his father 
 had occupied before him. He died June 33, 1856, 
 aged forty-five years. 
 
 Seale, Cfinrles L. — Born in Canaan, Columbia 
 County, New York, March 5, 1834 ; was prepared for 
 college by a private tutor, and graduated at Union 
 College in 1844 ; studied law at Kinderhook, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1849 ; was for several years a 
 member of the Republican State Central Committee 
 of New York ; and in 1858 was elected a Representa- 
 tive to the Thirty-sixth Congress from New York, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Public 
 Buildings and Grounds. In 1864 he was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector, and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention" of 1866, and also to 
 the " State Republican Convention" of 1807. 
 
 Seale, tTanies M. II. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1837, and for two other terms, from 1849 
 to 1853. 
 
 Beale, It. L. T,— Born at Hickory Hill, West- 
 moreland County, Virginia, May 33, 1819 ; his educa- 
 tion was obtained chiefly at Northumberland Academy, 
 spending a short time at Dickinson College, Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1836 he commenced the study of law, and 
 
 graduated at the University of Virginia, as a student 
 of that profession, in 1838, and was licensed to prac- 
 tice in 1839. In 1847 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress and was a member of the Committee 
 on the Militia. He declined a re-election at the expi- 
 ration of his term. In 1850 he was a member of the 
 Reform Convention of Virginia, and in 1857 was 
 elected to the State Senate. 
 
 Seall, Sezin.—'ile was an officer in Wayne's 
 army, with Harrison and Van Rensselaer ; occupied 
 various public stations in Ohio, and was a member of 
 Congress from that State from 1813 to 1814, when he 
 resigned ; and died at Wooster, Ohio, February 20, 
 1843, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Beamati, Fernando C. — He was bom in 
 Chester, Windsor County, Vermont, June 38, 1814 ; 
 removed with his father to New York when a boy, 
 and left an orphan at the age of fifteen ; received a 
 good English education at the Franklin County Acad- 
 emy ; studied law in Rochester ; removed to Michi- 
 gan in 1838, and commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession ; was for six years Prosecuting Attorney for 
 Lenawee County ; was Judge of Probate for four 
 years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 
 1860 was elected a Representative from Michigan to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, and served on the same Committee, 
 and also on that on Territories. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Territories, the Death of President Lincoln, and 
 Frauds on the Revenue, and as Chairman of that on 
 Roads and Canals. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and 
 re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, 
 serving on the Committees on Reconstruction and 
 Appropriations. 
 
 Bean, Benninff 31. — He was born In New 
 Hampshire in 1783 ; occupied a seat in the State Legis- 
 lature for five years, and was President of the Senate 
 in 1833 ; was a State Councilor in 1839 ; and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1833 to 1837, serving as 
 a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Died at 
 Moultonborough, New Hampshire, February 9, 1866. 
 
 Bearflslei/. Samuel. — He was born in Otsego 
 County, New York ; studied and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; settled at Rome, Oneida County, and 
 was District Attorney of the same ; also held the post 
 of Attorney -General of the State ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Oneida County, New York, to 
 the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and a part of the 
 Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-eighth Congresses, and 
 was Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. 
 He also held the office of State Senator in 1833, and 
 those of Assistant Justice and Chief Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the State, and the Federal appoint- 
 ment of United States District Attorney for New 
 York. Died at Utica, New York, May 6, 1860. 
 
 Beattji, John. — He graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1769, and studied medicine ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1793 to 
 1795, having been a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1783 to 1785. He died at Trenton, April 
 30, 1836, aged seventy-seven years. 
 
 Beattif, .Tolin. — He was born in Sandusky City, 
 Ohio, in 1838 ; received a good English education ; 
 engaged in the banking business at Cardington ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1860. At the beginning of 
 the Rebellion he entered the Third Ohio Infantry as 
 a private, but was at once elected Captain, soon pro- 
 moted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and as such 
 participated in several of the battles in West Vir- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 27 
 
 ginia ; as Colonel he took a conspicuous part in the 
 campaigns of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alaljama ; 
 headed his regiment at the battle of Perrysville ; 
 commanded a brigade at Murfrecsboro', where he had 
 two horses killed under him ; and as a Brigadier- 
 General he commenced the fighting at Chickamauga ; 
 in 18G-t, for private reasons, he retired from tlie 
 army. In January, 1868. he was elected a Repre.sent- 
 ative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, for the un- 
 expired tei-m of C. S. Hamilton, unfortunately killed 
 by )iis insane son. He was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on other important Committees. 
 
 Beafti/, ]Unffiil. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1833. 
 
 Seuffi/, jn Hid III. — He was horn in Ireland, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Pennsvlvania 
 from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Bfftinnonf, AiKfreir. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1838 to 1837 ; appointed in 18-16 
 Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of 
 Columbia, and held the position xmtil 1847. Died at 
 Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1853. 
 
 Bebh, WilliHlll. — He was bom in Butler Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, in 1802 ; received a good education ; was 
 Governor of Ohio from 1846 to 1848 ; and died at Rock- 
 ford, Ulinols, October 24, 1873. 
 
 Bech, Erasin lis Jf. — Was bom in McDonough, 
 Georgia, October 21, 1833 ; educated at Mercer Uni- 
 versity, in that State ; was admitted to the bar in 
 Georgia in 1856 ; practiced his profession there ; was 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress in the place of 
 Thomas J. Speer, deceased, being the first public of- 
 fice for which he was ever a candidate. 
 
 Beck, fTaiiies B. — He was born in Dumfries- 
 shire, Scotland, February 13, 1822 ; received a good 
 classical education ; emigrated to this country when 
 sixteen years of age ; graduated at Transylvania Uni- 
 ver.sity, Kentucky, in 1846 ; subsequently devoted his 
 whole attention to the practice of law ; in 1867 
 lie was elected a Representative from Kentucky to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Reconstruction. Re-elected to the three subsequent 
 Congresses, serving on various important Committees, 
 including that on Appropriations. 
 
 BecJcley, tToJiii. — He was bom in Virginia, and 
 had the honor of holding as first incumbent two 
 offices under the Government, viz. : that of Clerk of 
 the House of Representatives from 1789 to 1797, and 
 also from 1801 to 1807 ; and thai of Librarian of Con- 
 gress from 1802 until 1807. 
 
 Bedford, Giiiiiiiiif/. — He was born inPhiladel- 
 phia ; was a Lieutenant in the French War in 1755 ; 
 Major in 1775 ; Lieutenant-Colonel in Hasler's Regi- 
 ment in 1776 ; and was wounded at White Plains ; 
 subsequently appointed Muster-Master-General in 
 1776. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1783 to 1785 ; Governor of Delaware in 1796 and 
 1797. Died at New Castle, Delaware, September 30, 
 1797. 
 
 Bedford, Giinnhifj, Jr. — Bom in Philadel- 
 phia in 1747 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 
 1771; practiced law at Dover, and at Wilmington, 
 Delawai-e ; was a member of the Legislature, and At- 
 torney-General of the State ; a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress in 1785 and 1786 ; and a member of 
 the Convention which formed the Federal Constitu- 
 tion ; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1793 ; 
 
 was United States District Judge from 1789 to his 
 death, which occurred in Wilmington, Delaware, 
 March 30, 1812. Cousin of Gunning Bedford. 
 
 Bedinger, George M. — Was born in Virginia ; 
 was one of the earliest emigrants to Kentucky ; 
 served as Adjutant in the expedition against Chili- 
 cotlie in 1779; and as Major at the Battle of Blue Licks 
 in 1782 : and did good service throughout the war as 
 an Indian spy. He led a battalion from Winchester, 
 Virginia, under St. Clair, in his expedition in 1791 ; 
 was JIajor of United States Infantry from April, 1792, 
 to February, 1793 ; was a member of the Kentucky 
 Legislature in 1792, and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1803 to 1807. He spent the close 
 of his life in retirement, and died at Lower Blue 
 Licks, Kentucky, in 1830. 
 
 Bedinger. Tfeiiry. — He was bom in Virginia ; 
 received a classical education ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Virginia from 1845 to 1849, where he was distin- 
 guished for his eloquence as a debater. In 1853 he 
 was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Denmark, after- 
 wards Minister Resident, and returned home iu the 
 autumn of 1858. He died of pneumonia at Shepherds- 
 town, Virginia, November 26, 1858. During his resi- 
 dence in Denmark he was successful in bringing 
 about the treaty abolishing the Sound Dues. 
 
 Bed/e. Joseph Dorset. — He was bom in Mat- 
 tawau, Monmouth County, New Jersey, January 2, 
 1831 ; graduated at the Ballston Law School, New 
 York ; came to the bar, and practiced his jnofession 
 at Mattawan ; removed to Freehold in 1855 ; in 1865 
 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 New Jersey, and was re-appointed in 1872 ; and in 
 1874 he was elected Governor of New Jersey. 
 
 Bee, Thomas, — Was a Revolutionary patriot of 
 South Carolina ; member of the Assembly ; Speaker 
 of the House of Representatives- member of the Pri- 
 vy Council ; Judge of the State Courts ; member of 
 the Council of Safety ; Lieutenant-Governor ; Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782, 
 and finally District Judge. He published "Beijorts 
 of the District Courts of South Carolina " iu 1810. 
 
 Beebe, George 31. — Born in New Vernon, 
 Orange County, New York, October 28, 1836 ; at- 
 tended '\^'allkill Academy ; graduated at the Albany- 
 Law University in 1857 ; practiced law for ten years, 
 and in 1859 went to Kansas ; was elected to the 
 Territorial Council, appointed Secretary of the Terri- 
 tory, and was Acting Governor ; in 1863 he went to 
 Nevada, and two years afterward was appointed Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenue, which he declined, and 
 returned to Sullivan County, New York, where he be- 
 came editor of The Brpuhlicrin Wfitrkman at Monti- 
 cello. In 1872 and 1873 he was President of the Dem- 
 ocratic State Conventions at Syracuse and Utica ; 
 was elected to the Legislature of New York in 1873 
 and 1874, and was elected a Representative from New 
 York to the Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 
 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee 
 on Navy Department. 
 
 Beecher, Philemon. — Born in New Haven, 
 Connecticut ; he was an able lawyer, and one of the 
 early settlers of Ohio, to which he emigrated from 
 Connecticut. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1817 to 1821, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on the Judiciarv, and was re-elected 
 from 1823 to 1829. He died" at Lancaster, Ohio, 
 November 30, 1839, aged sixty-four years. 
 
 Beekman, Thomas. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. 
 
38 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Beers, Ci/rits. — He was elected, in 1838, a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to tlie Twentj'-fiftli Con- 
 gress, for the unexpired tenu of Andrew D. W. 
 Bruyn, deceased. 
 
 Seeson, Henri/ IV. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Keijresentative in Congress from 
 that State from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 BcffOle, Josiah IV, — Born in Groveland, New 
 Torlv, January 30, 1815 ; received a public-school ed- 
 ucation ; removed to Genesee County, Michigan, in 
 1836 ; taught school during the winters ; commenced 
 work as a farmer in 1839, and followed that occupa- 
 tion until 1856 ; was elected County Treasurer from 
 1856 to 1864 ; commenced the lumbering business in 
 1883 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1871 ; was 
 an Alderman for the city of Flint for three years ; a 
 Delegate to the National Republican Convention at 
 Philadelphia in 1872, and was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on the Committee on Public 
 Expenditures. 
 
 Bf'lclier, Hiram. — Born in Augusta, Maine ; 
 educated at Hallowell Academy ; studied law, and 
 admitted to the bar in 1813 ; was for four or five 
 years a member of the Maine Legislature ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1847 to 1848. Died May 7, 1857, aged sixty-seven 
 years. 
 
 Belcher, Katlian, — Born in Griswold, Con- 
 necticut, June 28, 1813 ; graduated at Amherst Col- 
 lege in 1832 ; studied law with Samuel lugbam of 
 Essex, and at the Cambridge Law School ; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1836, and practiced at Clinton, 
 Connecticut, until 1841, when he removed to New 
 London, relinquished the practice of law, and en- 
 gaged in manufacturing. He was a member of the 
 House of Representatives of Connecticut in 1846 and 
 1847, and of the State Senate in 1850 ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1852 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Belden, Geortje O. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Bel ford, •Tatlies B. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in 1874 was appointed Associate Justice of 
 the Supreme Court in the Territory of Colorado, re- 
 eiding in the town of Central. 
 
 Belhnaji^ JVilUain W. — He was the son of W. 
 G. Belknap of the United States Army, and born in 
 Hudson City, New York, in 1831 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1848 ; adopted the profession of 
 law, and settled in Keokuk, Iowa. He was elected to 
 the Iowa Legislature in 1849 ; at the beginning of the 
 Rebellion, in 1861, he entered the military service as 
 Major of Volunteers ; was present at the battles of 
 Shiloli and Vicksburg ; was with General Sherman 
 in his great campaign, and was so rapidly jiromoted 
 as to have command of a division of the army as 
 Major-General. After the war, he was appointed a 
 Collector of Internal Revenue, which position he held 
 until he entered President Grant's cabinet, October 13, 
 1869, as Secretary of War. 
 
 Bell, Hiram. — He was born in Vermont, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1852 to 1853. 
 
 Bell, Hiram P. — He was bom in Jackson Coun- 
 ty, Georgia, January 19, 1837 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied law, and engaged in practice ; 
 was a candidate in 1856 for Congress ; a candidate in 
 1860 for Elector ; was elected in 1860 to the Conven- 
 tion of Georgia which adopted the Ordinance of Seces- 
 
 sion, which he opposed ; was elected a member of 
 the State Senate of Georgia in 1861 ; elected Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel of the Forty-third Regiment Georgia Vol- 
 unteers, and having been severely wounded in the 
 battle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 29, 1863, he re- 
 signed ; was elected in October, 1863 , to the Confed- 
 erate Congress ; in 1868 he was a member of the 
 Electoral College, and elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Weights and 
 Measures. 
 
 Bell, tTames. — Born November 13, 1804, in 
 Francistown, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire ; 
 graduated .at Bowdoin College in 1823 ; studied law, 
 and completed his course at Litchfield ; was admitted 
 to the bar in 1825, and commenced to practice at Gil- 
 manton ; removed to Exeter, and thence to Gilford ; 
 and for many years held a distinguished rank in his 
 profession. In 1846 he was elected to the Legisla- 
 ture, and was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of the State in 1850. He was elected United 
 States Senator in June, 1855, for six years, and died 
 in Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26, 1857, whither 
 he had gone from Washington, to recruit his health. 
 
 Bell, James M, — He was bom in Ohio, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Bell, fToliii. — Born in Londonderry, New Hamp- 
 shire, in 1766 ; was for many years a merchant in 
 Chester, New Hampshire ; Councilor of the State ; 
 and Sheriff of Rockingham County, from 1833 to 
 1838. He was Governor of New Hami^shire from 
 1839 to 1830. Died in Chester, March 33, 1836. 
 
 Bell, rfohn. — He was bom near Nashville, Ten- 
 nessee, February 15, 1797. He commenced his studies 
 at Cumberland College, now the Nashville University, 
 and graduated at the latter in 1814 ; he studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1816. In 1817 he was 
 elected to the State Senate ; declined a re-election, 
 and devoted the next ten years of his life wholly to 
 his profession ; in 1837 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress, and continued to be re-elected until 
 1841, olBciating during one term as Speaker ; in 1841 
 he accepted a seat in President Harrison's cabinet as 
 Secretary of War, which post he resigned in five 
 months after the accession of President Tyler ; in 
 1847 he accepted a seat in the House of Representa- 
 tives of Tennessee, but before the close of the year 
 he was elected to the United States Senate, and was 
 re-elected in 1852, serving, from time to time, as 
 Chairman of important Committees until the close of 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress. In May, 1860, he received 
 from the Union party the nomination for President of 
 the United States, but was defeated. Died at Nash- 
 ville, September 10, 1869. 
 
 Bell, 'John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Ohio from 1850 to 1851. 
 
 Bell, Joshua F. — He was bom in Kentucky, 
 and elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Invalid Pensions, and declined a re- 
 election. He is a lawyer, and distinguished in the 
 West as an orator. He was also a member of the 
 "Peace Convention" of 1861. Died in Kentuckv, 
 August 17, 1870. 
 
 Bell, Peter H. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative .in Congress from Texas from 
 1853 to 1857. He was also Governor of that State 
 from 1849 to 1853, and subsequently Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of that State. 
 
 Bell, Samuel, — Born in Londonderry, New 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 29 
 
 Hampshire, February 9, 1770. He worked on his 
 father's farm until eighteen years of age, when he 
 prepared himself for College ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth in 1793 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1796 ; was a member of the Legislature 
 from 1804 to 1808, occupying the position of Speak- 
 er ; in 1807 and 1808 was a member of the Senate ; in 
 1809 member of the Executive Council ; from 1816 to 
 1819 was Judge of the Superior Court of the State ; 
 and in 1819 was chosen Governor, serving till 1823 ; 
 from 1833 to 1835 was United States Senator. Re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. at Bowdoiu College in 
 1831. He died in Chester, New Hampshire, Decem- 
 ber 23, 1850. 
 
 Bell, Samuel iV. — Bom in Cliester, New Hamp- 
 shire, March 25, 1829 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1847 ; studied law, and practiced at Manches- 
 ter ; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was 
 subsequently appointed Oiief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of New Hampshire. 
 
 Bellinger, tJosepfi, — He was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1809 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from South Carolina from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Bellows, Henri/ A. — He was a native of New 
 Hampshire, where he was born in 1803 ; received a 
 good education ; was for many years Justice, and also 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Hamp- 
 shire ; received from Dartmouth College the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws ; and died March 11, 1873. 
 
 Belmont, Altf/imf. — He was born in Alzey, Rhe- 
 nish Palatinate, and his father was a noted landed 
 proprietor ; received his education at Frankfort ; was 
 employed for several years in the offices of the great 
 bankers the Brothers Rothschild, at Frankfort and 
 Naples ; removed to the city of New York in 1837, 
 and while yet only twenty-one years of age, became 
 the financial representative of his old employers in 
 this country. He was wounded in a duel in 1841, 
 causing a permanant lameness. From 1844 to 1850, 
 he was Consul Geueral for the Empire of Austria, but 
 not liking the conduct of that Government towards 
 Hungary, resigned the office ; in 1853 he was appoint- 
 ed by President Pierce Charge d'Affaires to the Hague, 
 and "afterwards became Minister Resident, resigning 
 in 1858 ; in the latter capacity he negotiated a highly 
 important Consular Convention, for which and other 
 diplomatic services, he received special thanks from 
 Washington. He was a leading Delegate to the Dem- 
 ocratic Convention of 1860 ; from that year until 1873 
 he was Chairman of the National Democratic Com- 
 mittee, when he resigned. He is a man of culture, 
 and eminent as a patron of the Fine Arts. 
 
 Belser, rjanies E. — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Alabama, from 1843 to 1845. Died at Montgomery, 
 Alabama, January 16, 1859. 
 
 Benedict, Charles L. — He was born in New 
 Tork, liberally educated, and resides in Brooklyn, 
 whence he was appointed, in 1865, United States 
 Judge for the Eastern District of New York. 
 
 Benedief, Kirbif. — He was appointed in 1853 
 an Associate Justice of the United States Court for 
 the Territory of New Mexico, residing in Santa Fe. 
 He was born in Connecticut, but appointed from Illi- 
 nois. 
 
 Benjamin, John F, — Born in the town of 
 Cicero, Onondaga County, New York, January 23, 
 1817; received a common-school education; spent 
 three years in Texas, and in 1848 settled in Mis- 
 
 souri, in the practice of the law. In 1851 and 1852 
 he was a member of the Missouri Legislature ; in 
 1856 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1861 he en- 
 tered as a private in the Missouri Cavalry ; in Jan- 
 uary, 1863, he was commissioned a Captain ; in May, 
 of the same year, a Major ; in September following 
 a Lieutenant-Colonel, which position he resigned on 
 being appointed Provost-Marshal for the Eighth Dis- 
 trict of his State. He was also a Delegate to the Bal- 
 timore Convention of 1864, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and 
 Expenditures in the Interior Department. Re-elect- 
 ed to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Retrenchment. Re-elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, and made Chairman of Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Benjamin, Jvdah P. — Was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1849 ; a lawyer by profession ; and was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Louisiana, to 
 serve from 1853 to 1859, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Private Land Claims, and as a member 
 of the Committees on the Judiciary and on Commerce. 
 In 1859 was re-elected for a term of six years, but was 
 expelled March 14, 1861. He is of Hebrew descent. 
 He became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and 
 was Attorney - General of the so-called " Southern 
 Confederacy." Settled in London, England, after 
 the war, and was made Queen's Counsel for Lan- 
 caster. 
 
 Bennet, Benjamin, — Born in 1762; was a 
 Baptist minister, and a Representative in Congress 
 from New Jersey from 1815 to 1819. He died at 
 Middletown, New Jersey, October 8, 1840. 
 
 Bennet, Thomas, — He was bom in South Car- 
 olina, and was Governor of that State from 1830 to 
 1833. 
 
 Bennett, Caleb P. — He was a Major in the Del- 
 aware Regiment of the Revolutionary Army, and was 
 engaged at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, 
 and Monmouth. He was Governor of Delaware from 
 1833 until his death, which occurred at Wilmington,' 
 Delaware, May 7, 1836, aged seventy-eight years. 
 
 Bennett, T>a rid S, — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Forty -first Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Commerce and the In- 
 terior Department. 
 
 Bennett, Henrii. — He was born in New Lisbon, 
 Otsego County, New York, September 29, 1808 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; 
 and having been elected to Congress as a Represent- 
 ative from that State in 1848, has continued to be re- 
 elected, so that at the end of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress he had served in that capacity, continuously, 
 the period of ten years. During the Tliirty-fourth 
 Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Pub- 
 lis Lands, and reported a number of important bills 
 for the benefit of the western States, and during the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress he served as a member of the 
 same Committee. 
 
 Bennett, Hiram P, — Was bom in Carthage, 
 Maine, September 2, 1826 ; received a common-school 
 education in Ohio ; in 1852 he was elected to a Judge- 
 ship in Western Iowa ; moved to Nebraska Territory 
 in 1854, and was at once elected a member of the 
 Territorial Council ; in 1858 he was re-elected to the 
 Nebraska Legislature, and made Speal^er of the 
 House ; removed to Colorado Territory in 1859, and 
 was chosen a Delegate therefrom to the Thirty-sev- 
 enth Congress ; and in 1862 was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress. In March, 1867, he was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of the Territory of Colorado. 
 
30 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Senneft, JI. H, — Born in Williamson County, 
 Tennessee, March 7, 1807 ; received a limited educa- 
 tion ; studied law, and began to practice in 1830, 
 when he removed to Mississippi, where he held the 
 office of Circuit Judge for eight years, and of which 
 State he was a Representative in Congress during the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Beuiietf, Milo Li/nian, — He was bom in Shar- 
 on, Connecticut, in 1790 ; studied at Williams Col- 
 lege, but graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; studied 
 law at Litchfield, and settled at Burlington, Vermont; 
 in 1889 he was made one of the Justices of the Su- 
 preme Court of the State, and held the position for 
 twenty years ; received from Dartmouth College the 
 degree of LL.D. in 1851 ; and died in Taunton, Slassa- 
 chusetts, July 7, 18G8. 
 
 Senncff, Thomas W. — He was born in Union 
 County, Indiana, February IG, 1831 ; graduated at the 
 Asbury University Law School in 1854 ; elected to the 
 Indiana Senate in 1858 ; entered the Union Ai'my in 
 1861 as a Captain ; served through the war, and be- 
 came a Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; was re- 
 elected to the Indiana Senate in 1804, serving four 
 years ; was elected Mayor of Richmond, Indiana, in 
 1869, serving two years ; appointed Governor of Idaho 
 in 1871, serving until December, 1875, when he re- 
 signed to take his seat in the Forty-fourth Congress 
 from Idaho, to which he had been elected in 1874. 
 
 Benson , Ef/berf. — He was eminent as a .states- 
 man and jurist, and died at Jamaica, New York, in 
 August, 1833, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1789 to 1793, taking an active part in its 
 deliberations. He had previously served as a Dele- 
 gate in the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788. 
 He was a graduate of Columbia College in 1705, and 
 received literary honors from Harvard University in 
 1808, and from Dartmouth in 1811. He was also the 
 first President of the New York Historical Society ; 
 and was agaih a Representative in Congress in 1813, 
 for one session, when he resigned and was succeed- 
 ed by William Irving. From 1780 to 1789 he was 
 Attorney-General of New York, and from 1794 to 1801 
 a Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Benson, Samuel P. — He was born in the town 
 of Winthrop, Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College 
 in 1835 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature in 1834 and 1836 ; Secre- 
 tary of State in 1838 and 1841 ; and was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Maine in 1853, and was 
 re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when he 
 served as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Af- 
 fairs. He was at one time one of the Overseers of 
 Bowdoin College. 
 
 Bent, Silas. — He was born in Massachusetts ; 
 was for many years an influential citizen of the Ter- 
 ritory of Missouri, and in 1813 was appointed Uni- 
 ted States Judge for the Territory of Missouri. His 
 name was given to a well-known frontier post and 
 military fort. 
 
 Benton., Charles S. — He was born in Maine, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1843 to 1849. 
 
 Benton, Jacob. — Born in Waterford, Vermont, 
 August 14, 181!) ; attended the Newbury Seminary, 
 and graduated at Manchester, Vermont; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1843, locating himself at Lan- 
 caster, New Hampshire ; in 1854, 1855, and 1856 he 
 was elected to tlie State Legislature ; was a Delegate 
 to the Chicago Convention of 1860 ; came within one 
 vote of being nominated for Congress in 1862; and in 
 
 1867 he was elected a Representative from New 
 Hampshire to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses ; 
 serving on the Committees on Land Claims, Retrench- 
 ment, Pensions, and Agriculture. 
 
 Benton, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1798. 
 
 Benton, Thomas Hart. — He was born in 
 Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782, and 
 educated at Chapel Hill College. He left that insti- 
 tution without receiving a degree, and forthwith com- 
 menced the study of law in William and Mary Col- 
 lege, Virginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker. In 1810 
 he entered the United States Anny, but soon re- 
 signed his commission of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 
 1811 was at Nashville, Tennessee, where he com- 
 menced the practice of the law. He soon afterwards 
 emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, where he connected 
 himself with the press as the editor of a newspaper, 
 the Missouri Argus. In 18'30 he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the United States Senate, serving as Chainnan 
 of many important Committees, and remained in that 
 body till the session of 1851, at which time he failed 
 of re-election. As Missouri was not admitted into the 
 Union till August 10, 1821, more than a year of his 
 first tenu of service expired before he took his seat. 
 He occupied himself during this interval before tak- 
 ing his seat in Congress, in acquiring a knowledge of 
 the language and literature of Spain. Immediately af- 
 ter he appeared in the Senate he took a prominent part 
 in the deliberations of that body, and rapidly rose to 
 distinction. Few public measures were di.<cussed be- 
 tween the years 1821 and 1851 that he did not partic- 
 ipate in largely, and the influence he wielded was al- 
 ways felt and confessed by the country. He was one 
 of the chief sujiporters of the administrations of Pres- 
 idents Jackson and Van Buren. The people of Mis- 
 souri long clung to him as their leader, and it re- 
 quired persevering effort to defeat him. But he had 
 served them during the entire period of thirty years 
 without interruption, and others, who aspired to 
 honors he enjoyed, became impatient for an opportu- 
 nity to supplant him. He was distinguished for his 
 learning, iron will, practical mind, and strong memo- 
 ry. As a public speaker he was not interesting or 
 calculated to produce an effect on the passions of an 
 audience, but his speeches were read with avidity, al- 
 ways producing a decided influence. He was elected 
 a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress for the 
 District of St. Louis, and on his retirement from pub- 
 lic life devoted himself to the preparation of a valu- 
 able register of the debates in Congress, upon which 
 he labored until his death, which occurred in Wash- 
 ington, on the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer in the 
 stomach. He was the author of a political book, giv- 
 ing an account of his observations during his Sena- 
 torial service of Thirty Years. 
 
 Beresforfl, Richard. — He was a Delegate from 
 South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 
 1783 to 1785. 
 
 Bergen, John. T. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Bergen, Tennis G, — Born in Gowanus, city of 
 Brooklyn, New York, October 0. 1806 ; was educated 
 at the Academy of Erasmus Hall, Flatbush ; was a 
 surveyor and horticulturist ; was a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1846 ; was Super- 
 visor of the town of New Utrecht for twenty-three 
 years ; served in all the grades, from Sergeant to Col- 
 onel, in the State Militia ; was a member of the 
 Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860, and 
 was elected in 1864 a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Agriculture. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Bemhisel, tfohn iU".— Born in Cumberland 
 County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1799 ; graduated In 
 the Medical Department of Pennsylvania University ; 
 engaged in the practice of medicine ; and was elected 
 a iJelegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from the Ter- 
 ritory of Utah. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth and 
 Thirty-seventh Congresses. 
 
 SerrUni, Sobarf. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was the son of the Reverend Doctor of Divinity 
 bearing the name ; he was a man of superior culture 
 and education ; and after holding the position of 
 Clerk in the Treasury Department, was appointed, in 
 1861, the Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, where he 
 remained untQ 1864. 
 
 Bevricn, •John 3IcPherson. — Bom in New 
 
 Jersey, August 23, 1781, but when a child removed 
 with his father to Georgia. He graduated at Prince- 
 ton in his fifteenth year, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1799. In 1809 he was elected Solicitor-General, 
 and the next year Judge of the Eastern Circuit. Dur- 
 ing the War of 1813 he had command of a regiment of 
 volunteer cavalry. He served in the State Legisla- 
 ture for several years. In 1824 he was elected to 
 the United States Senate, where he remained until 
 1829, when he took a seat in the cabinet of President 
 Jackson as Attorney-General. For a while afterwards 
 he held various positions of responsibility in Georgia, 
 and in 1840 was re-elected to the United States Sen- 
 ate for six years, taking an active part in all leading 
 measures, and officiating most of the time as Chair- 
 man of the Judiciary Committee. In 1845 he was 
 elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of 
 Georgia, and in 1847 was once more elected to the 
 United States Senate, resigning his seat in May, 
 1852. On his return to Georgia, he still continued, in 
 various ways, to promote the public good, and he died 
 at Savannah, January 1, 1856, universally lamented. 
 He was undoubtedly one of the best, most distin- 
 guished, and high-minded statesmen of the country. 
 
 Bevry. John.— Born April 26, 1833, in Crawford 
 County, Ohio ; educated at the common schools, and 
 the Ohio Wesleyan University ; graduated at the law 
 school of Cincinnati College ; admitted to ihe bar in 
 1857, and has since practiced his profession at Upper 
 Sandusky ; was Prosecuting Attorney of Wyandot 
 County in 1863, and again in 1804 ; never was a can- 
 didate' for any other office until elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on one or more Committees. 
 
 Berry, Nafhaniel S. — He was Governor of 
 New riampshire for two years, from 1861 to 1863, 
 taking an active interest in raising troops for the War 
 of the Rebellion. 
 
 Bcthvnr, Lniighlin.—A native of North Caro- 
 lina ; for several years a Senator in the State Legis- 
 lature, and from 1831 to 1833 a Representative in 
 Congress from Cumberland County in that State, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Elections. 
 
 Beffon, Silas, — He graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Hampshire from 1803 to 1807 ; held the office 
 of Sheriff of Rockingham County for several years, 
 and died at Salem, New Hampshire, in 1822, aged 
 fifty-eight years. 
 
 Beffs, Snmuel 1?.— He was born in Richmond, 
 Beikshire County, Massachusetts, in 1787 ; spent his 
 boyhood on his father's farm ; graduated at Williams 
 College in 1806 ; studied law, came to the bar in 
 1809, and settled in Sullivan County, New York. He 
 took part in the War of 1812. and was appointed Judge 
 Advocate. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1815 to 1817 ; after which he 
 
 settled in Newburg, and was District Attorney of 
 Orange County. In 1823 lie was appointed a Circuit 
 Judge for the State ; and in 1826 he was appointed 
 Judge of the United States District Court for the 
 Southern District of New York, which he continued 
 to hold until May, 1867, when he resigned and re- 
 tired to private life. His labors as a Judge were 
 long held in the highest estimation by the legal pro- 
 fession of New York. Died in New Haven, Connec- 
 ticut, October 3, 1868. 
 
 Beffs, ThnrUJetis^. — He was born in Norwalk, 
 Connecticut ; graduate'd at Yale College in 1807, and 
 acquired great distinction as a lawyer. He was at 
 one time Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut, and an 
 influential member of the United States Senate from 
 1839 to the date of his death, April 7, 1840. He was 
 greatly respected for his talents and character. 
 
 Bereridfje, -Tohn X. — Born July 6, 1824, in 
 Greenwich, New York ; was raised on a farm and re- 
 ceived a common-school education : in 1842 he emi- 
 grated to Illinois and received further education at 
 the Rock River Seminary. From 1846 to 1851, he 
 taught school in Tennessee and read law ; practiced 
 in Chicago ; served four years in the Union Army as 
 Major and Colonel of Cavalry ; was Sheriff of Cook 
 County, Illinois, two years ; was elected State Senator 
 in November, 1870, and resigned when he was elected 
 to fill the vacancy in the Forty-second Congress caused 
 by the election of John A. Logan to the Senate. 
 Elected Governor of Illinois in 1873, and his term 
 will not expire until 1877. 
 
 Bibb, George 31. — He was bom in Virginia in 
 1773 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1793 ; studied 
 law, and settled in Kentucky. He was a Justice, and 
 twice Chief Justice, of the Court of Appeals of Ken- 
 tucky ; was in the State Senate two years ; held the 
 position of Chancellor of the Court of Chancery ; was 
 Secretary of the Treasury under President Tyler ; 
 afterwards practiced his profession in the City of 
 Washington, and acted as an assistant in the office 
 of the Attorney-General of the United States. His 
 services in Congress were rendered as a Senator from 
 1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 to 1835. He died 
 in Georgetown, District of Columbia, April 14, 1859.- 
 One of his marked peculiarities was a fondness for 
 fishing, which he practiced with enthusiasm. 
 
 Bibb, Thomax. — He was a kinsman of W. W. 
 Bibb, whom he succeeded as Governor of Alabama 
 in 1830, holding the oflftce until 1821. 
 
 Biftb. Wiflifim IV. — Died at his residence, in 
 Fort Jackson, Alabama, July 9, 1820, aged thirty-nine 
 years. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Georgia from 1806 to 1814, and a Senator in Congress 
 from 1813 to 1816 ; and was appointed in 1817 Gov- 
 ernor of the Territory of Alabama. He was elected 
 first Governor under the Constitution of that State in 
 1819. He was originally educated for the medical 
 profession. 
 
 Bibiffliaiis, Thomas M. — Bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1816 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1851 to the time of his death, 
 which occurred in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18, 
 1853. 
 
 Bieknell , Beunef. — He was born in Mansfield, 
 Connecticut, in 1803 ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839 ; having 
 been in the Assemblv of the State in 1812, and a State 
 Senator from 1815 to 1818. Died at Morrisville, Madi- 
 son County, in 1863. 
 
 Biddle, Charles John. — Bom in Philadelphia 
 
32 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 in 1819 : graduated at Princeton Collejre in 1837 ; 
 studiotl law. and onnio to tlio bar in 1S40 : sorve»l as a 
 Captain of Voltigenrs, Unitwl States Army, in the 
 war with Mexico, and was in the actions of Contronis, 
 Churubnsco. Molino del Key. ChanulteiHH-. and the 
 taking of the City of Mexico, having been brevetted 
 a Major for gallant and meritorious services. After 
 the Mexican war he resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession in PhiladelphiiX. In 1S(>1, he ^vas appointed a 
 Colonel in the I'cnnsylvauia Uescrve Voluuteer<.\irps ; 
 and while in the field in Virginia he was elected a 
 Representative fr»im Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by tie 
 resignation of E. Joy Morris. Before quitting the 
 field he W!>s tendereii the commission of Brigadier- 
 General, but deelinetl it, preferring to serve his con- 
 stituents in a civil capacity. Died in Philadelphia, 
 September 3^, 1ST3. He was the sou of Nicholas 
 Biddle. 
 
 liitltUe. JEifirtiful . — Was Iwrn in 17S9 ; was an 
 otlicer in the Kivnch War fr\nu 175t) to 17l>8 : V>ecame 
 eminent as a lawyer in Reading. Pennsylvania ; was 
 a member of the Assembly, and Speaker": was a Pele- 
 g&to to the Continental Cougivss frinu 1774 to IT?.") ; 
 and was one of the piMuiiuent advix-ates of Independ- 
 ence. He dieil in Baltimore, September 5, 1779. 
 
 Jtiildte. ,Ta in<-s.— Bom at Philadelphia. Febru- 
 Mv 08. 1788 : wis educated at the rnivei-sity of Penu- 
 sylvauia : entered the navy as midsliipmaii in 1800 ; 
 was wr»vkeil in the frigate PhiiuhljAii otT TviiHili 
 in 180;!. and was a prisoner nineteen mouths ; made 
 lieutenant in 1807. He was first-lieutenant of the 
 H"<i*p, and led the action with the /Vo/iV in 1810 ; 
 captured by the PiHciifru, in October, 1810 ; ex- 
 changed in March, 1813 ; made master-commaiuler, 
 and given a tiotilla on the IVlaware ; while iu com- 
 mand of the Ilorntt. wsis blockaded in New Lon- 
 don, but escaped luul capturetl the British brig P<;»- 
 guin, and received a wound in the neck : for this 
 action he was votetl a gxild medal b.v Congre.<«, Phila- 
 delphia presented him with a service of plate, and 
 lie received other honors ; was made Cai>taiu iu 1815 : 
 held other imjxirtant commands in the Pacific, on the 
 coast of South America, luid West Indies ; and from 
 1830 to 18;>0 had command of the Mediterranean 
 s<)uadron, during which time he negotiated a trt>aty 
 with the Ottomiu\ Government. In 18-ki, was P. S. 
 Commissioner to rsjtify a tnnity with China ; visiteil 
 Japan in the Coiumhu^ ; and commandetl the squad- 
 ron on the west coast of Mexico during the war. 
 From 1838 to 18-10, had charire of the Naval Asvlum 
 on the Schuvlkill. Died iu Philadelphia, October 1, 
 1S48. 
 
 JihhUe, John. — He was bom in Philadelphia ; 
 was an officer in the War of 1810, acquitting himself 
 ■with brjwery ; held the ixisifiou of Pa_\nnaster in the 
 Army ; also that of Indian AgtMit : imd was a Dele.iraie 
 to Congress from tlie Territory of Michipm fmm 
 180l> to 1831. when he was appointed Register of the 
 Land Otfice at iVtrviit, Michigan. Foi- some years 
 before his death he had been traveling in Europe, 
 and died at the Wliite Sulphur Springs, Virginia, 
 August Oo, 18."i!>, ngeil about seventy years, 
 
 liiddh'. X/r/io/fi.*.— Nephew of E<lward. Was 
 born in Philadelphia, January 8, 178(!: graduated at 
 Princeton t\4Iege in 18tU ; was Secrvtar.v of l.A"gation 
 at Paris in 18lU. and at London in 18tX> ; travelevl in 
 Eurojie : and in 1807 returned to Philadelphia luid 
 practiced law ; edited x\\e PortMu' ; and compiled, 
 b.v re<inest of the President of the United States, a 
 '• Commercial Dig<^st," which wi»s issued by Congress ; 
 also prepared the narrative of Lewis aiid Clarke's 
 expeiiition to the Pacific. He was a member of the 
 Pennsylvania Legislature in 1810 and 1811 ; State 
 
 Senator in 1814: and advocated the war with Eng- 
 land. He was Director of the I'nited States Hank iu 
 ISU), and its President from 1803 to ISiSt : mul during 
 the suspension of the interest on the State debt, he 
 published a plan for its liquidation, which was adopted 
 by the l.egisl«turt>. He was President of the Agri- 
 cultun\l and Horticultural Societies, of the Trus- 
 tees of the Cniversity of Pennsyh-anin, and of Giranl 
 College. He delivered an eulogium on JetTcrson 
 before the Philosophical Society, and an address on 
 the •■ Duties of the American." before the alumni of 
 Princeton College, Died iu Philadelphia, Februnrv 
 07, 1844. 
 
 Jiithlfr, ltir?t(lf(i, — Brother of Nicholas. Was 
 born iu Philadelphia. March 05, 17!)() ; he served 
 durin.ir the war of 1810, for the protection of Phila- 
 delphia : became a leader of the Pittsburg bar ; 
 visiteil England from 1807 to 18;!0, and was occupied 
 in historiciu investigations ; on his return he rt\sunied 
 the practice of law ; and was a Repr<>sentative iu 
 Con.>rrt>ss friuu Pennsylvania fr«m 1837 to 1841. 
 While in England he published an expose of Captain 
 Basil Hall's "Travel?! in America." His "Life of 
 SelMtstian Cabot," iu 1831, brought to light new and 
 important facts in the discovery of Anu>rica. He 
 diet! in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, July 7, 1847. 
 
 lihliHc, Thonins. — lie was a citizen of Pennsyl- 
 vania : in 18til he was ai<pointcd Secretary of Legsi- 
 tion to Brazil, aiul acted as Charge d'.VtTaircs ; in 1871, 
 he was ai>iHiinted Minister Resident to Salvador, 
 whert> he remained until 1873 : in 187.'), lie was ap- 
 jwuted Minister Resident to Ecuador ; and his death 
 oectirred at Guvaquil, May 7, 187o, whilst on his way 
 to his post. He was a nejdiew of Nicholas Biddle, 
 and served twenty years iu the public service. 
 
 ShUack, lictijn iti in A . — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was a Representative iu Congress fr^im 
 Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1845 ; and died at Bogota, 
 New Grenada, Fcbruarv 09. 1849, to which country 
 he had been ap(xiinted Charge d'Affalres immediately 
 after leaving Congress. 
 
 liidivelf. liai'imbas, — He graduated at Tale 
 College iu 1785 ; received the degree of LL.D. from 
 that institution, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 180o to 1807 ; from 1801 to 
 1805 he >vi\s a memlH>r of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
 ture, and Attornev-General for the State frvim 1807 to 
 1810. He died in 1S3S. 
 
 Jiidlv<'ll,fTo/in. — Bom in Chautauqua County, 
 New York. August 5, 1819, both his grandfathers 
 having fought in the Revolutionary War, In 1809 
 he went with his father's family to Erie, Pennsyl- 
 vania. and in 1831 to Ashtabula County, Ohio ; was 
 eiincated at Kin.ffsville Academy ; taught school iu 
 Darke County in the winter of 18i>8-1839 ; anil subse- 
 quentl.v followed the same em]ilo,vment for t\vo years 
 in Missouri. In 1841 he emigrated to California, 
 havin.ff been one of the first to cross the wild over- 
 land route, which journey occupied six months. His 
 first employment on the Pacific coast was to take 
 charge of IkMlega and Fort Russ. He also had enlarge 
 of Sutter's Feather River possessions. He served iu 
 the War with Mexico until its clivse, rising from 
 Second Lieutenant to Major. He was the first man 
 to find gvild on Feather River, in 1848. In 1849 he 
 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, 
 and during the same year was elected to the Senate 
 of the new State. In 1850 lie was one of the two ap- 
 )iointed to convey a block of gold-bearing quartz to 
 Washington City ; was a dissatisfied Delegate to the 
 Charleston Convention in 18l>0. Since that time ho 
 has Iwen a Bri.iradier-Geueral of Militia, and in 1864 
 he was elected a Representative fn.>m California to 
 
BIOOBAFHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 33 
 
 the Thirty ninth ConjfTftHB Rerving on the Committee 
 on the Pacjfii; |{ailroa<i, and an f hairman of the Otm- 
 mittce on Agriculture. lie wan alwj a Delegate to 
 the Phila/lelphia " Iyf>yaliHt»' Convention" of 1800; 
 and in IHl!) he wan a candidate for Governor of Cali- 
 fornia, but defeated. 
 
 Jiierne, Andretv. — lie wan a native of Ireland, 
 and, on becoming a citizen of Virginia, waii elected a 
 Keprescntative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 IHf:ry, Jameft S. — Was Iwm in Venango 
 County, I'ennHylvania, March 2, 1839 ; received an 
 academic education ; taught kcAuhA several years ; 
 studied tlieology and law ; was admitted to the bar 
 in 1808, since which time he has continued the prac- 
 tice ; in 180'.J was a candidate for the Legislature, 
 running ahea<l of his ticket ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, scr^'ing on the Committee on 
 Mileage. 
 
 liif/hy, John Siimnierflel<l. — Was bom in 
 
 Coweta County, Georgia, Februarj- V',, 18.32; received 
 his early education at the county sch<j<jls ; graduated 
 at Emory College, Georgia, in 18.53 ; studied and 
 practical law ; was a member of tlie State Constitu- 
 tional Convention of 1807-1808 ; was Solicitor-Gen- 
 eral of the Tallap(«j.sa Circuit in 1808 ; was Judge of 
 its Superior Court until 1871 ; was elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the joint Commit- 
 tees of Kxpenditures in the I'ost Office Department, 
 and lievision of the Laws of the United States. 
 
 Jtiyclinv, Ahrjah. — Bom in Westminster, Wor- 
 cester County, Massachusetts, December o, 1775. He 
 graduated at Dartmouth CVjllege in 179.5 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to practice in 1798 ; was 
 Town Clerk of Leominster for five years ; served two 
 years as a member of the General Court of Massachu- 
 setts; and was a liepresentative in Congress from 
 1810 to 1815. In 1838 he was appointed a Master in 
 Chancery for Worcester County ; from 1817 to 1833 
 he was Clerk of the County Court of Worcester ; at 
 one time Treasurer and Trustee of Leicester Academy ; 
 and held the minor office of .Justice of the Peace for 
 about fifty years. Died April 4, 1800. 
 
 Bif/elow, John.— He was bom in Ulster Coun- 
 ty, New York, November 25, 1817 ; graduated at 
 Union College in 1835 ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1838 ; from 1845 to 1848 he held the position of 
 Prison Inspector at Sing Sing ; in 1849 he joined the 
 New York Kfninrj Poxt as Chief Assistant Edit<jr 
 (next to its proprietor, William C. Bryant) ; during 
 the same year he made a visit to the Island of .Jamai- 
 ca, about which he published an interesting volume ; 
 in 1801 he went to I'aris as American Consul ; in 1865 
 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires at the same place; 
 and in 1805 was elevated to the rank of Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, but resigned in 1806. On his return 
 home he devoted himself to literary pursuits, and in 
 1874 published an elaborate life of IJenjamin Frank- 
 lin, containing much new information gathered by 
 himself in France. In 1875 he was invited by Gover- 
 nor Tilden to preside over a commis-ion organized to 
 investigate certain alleged frauds connected with the 
 Erie Canal. Jlis contributions to the literature of the 
 country liave been extensive and important. In 
 November, 1875, he was elected Secretary of the State 
 of New York. 
 
 liiffelow, Leiviit, — Bora in Worcester County, 
 Ma.ssachusett3, in 1783 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from his native State from 1821 to 1823 ; 
 was the author of the " Digest of the First Twelve 
 Volumes of Massachusetts Reports ;" and removing 
 to Peoria, Illinois, became Clerk of the County Court 
 there, and died in October, 1838. 
 
 liigger, Finley. — He was V^m in Ohio, and in 
 1853 he was appointed from Indiana Register of 
 the United Slates Treasury, holding the office until 
 1801. 
 
 Jiiygei', Samuel. — Bom in Warren County, 
 Ohio, aliout 18'Xj ; graduated at Athens University ; 
 studied law at Lebanon, and commenced to practice 
 in Indiana ; was a Representative in the Legislature 
 in 1834 and 18^55; and afterwards Judge of the Circuit 
 Court. He was Governor of Indiana from 1840 to 
 1843. The Indiana H'.>spital was establi.shed by his 
 influence. Died at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1845. 
 
 mygUl Aim. — Bom in Williamstown, Martin 
 County, North Carolina, February 4, 1811. He wa« 
 educated at an academy, .served as a merchant's clerk, 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831. 
 In 1835 he was elected a member of tlie Constitutional 
 Convention of that State ; in 1840, 1842, and 1844 he 
 was elected to the State I./i-giBlature. He was chos»-n 
 a member of the Twenty-ninth Congress. In 18.50 
 he was one of three Commissioners appointed to re- 
 vise the Statutes of the State. In 1854 he went a 
 second time into the State Senate ; and he was elected 
 a Senator in Congress in 1854 for six years, hut re- 
 signed. May, 1858, for the ajjfiointment of Judge of 
 the United States District Court of North Carolina, 
 conferred upon him by President Buchanan. He wa-s 
 a member of the Committees on Finance, and on 
 Private Land Claims. 
 
 Higffti, Eenjamin T, — Bom in Delaware, Octo- 
 ber 1, 1821 ; spent his youth upon a farm ; attended 
 the Pennington Seminary for two years, and after- 
 ward taught schotjl for a short time ; was subsequent- 
 ly a student in the Wesleyan University of Connecti- 
 cut, but left it on account of his health ; in 1847, he 
 turned his wliole attention to farming ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1852 ; 
 he subsequently took an interest in railroad opera- 
 tions, and was elected Director in a Maryland Com- 
 I>any ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from Delaware to the Fortj'-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Mines and Mining, and the Treas- 
 ury Department. 
 
 Jiiffler, William. — Bom at Shermansbnrg, 
 Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in December, 
 1814. He received a moderate school education, and, 
 instead of a college, graduated in a printing-office; by 
 his own personal eftorts, he established, and for several 
 years carried on, entirely unaided, the Clenrlield Dimo- 
 crnt ; disposing of his paper, he devoted himself for a 
 time to mercantile pursuits and politics; in 1841 he was 
 elected to the State Convention, and was a member 
 of the State Senate, part of the time Speaker, up to 
 1847 ; in 1851 he was elected Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania ; subsequently became President of the Phila- 
 delphia and Erie Railroad Company ; and in 1855 was 
 elected a Senator in Congress for six years, serving 
 on the Committees on Commerce, Post Offices and 
 Post Roads, and Engrossed Bills. Was a Delegate to 
 the Chicago Convention in 1864, to the Philadelpliia 
 "National Union Convention " of 1866, and the New 
 York Convention of 1868. In 1875 he was appointed 
 and very active as a fiscal agent for the Centennial 
 Exhibition. 
 
 liiflinf/hiirsf, Charleti. — He was bom in 
 
 Brighton, Monroe County, New York, July 27, 1818 ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and after practicing a 
 few years, removed to Wisconsin in and 1847, was 
 a member of the first Legislature of that State, in 
 1848 ; was a Presidential Elector in 18.52 ; was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress 
 from Wisconsin, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Judiciary 
 
34 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAI> ANNALS. 
 
 Committee, and was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress. Died at Juneau, Wisconsin, August 18. 
 1865. 
 
 Bincldey, John 31.— Ue was a practicing law- 
 yer in the District of Columbia, from which, in 1867, 
 he was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the 
 United States, holding the position only about a 
 year. 
 
 mnes, TJionias.—Ue was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1814 to 1815, and 
 again from 1819 to 1830. 
 
 Siuf/hinn, John A. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1815 ; received an academical education ; 
 spent two j-ears in a printing-oflice ; entered Franklin 
 College, in Ohio, but his health prevented him from 
 graduating; he studied law in Ohio, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1840 ; from 1845 to 1849 he was Attorney 
 for the State in Tuscarawas County, and in 1854 he 
 was elected a Representative in tlie Tliirty-fourth 
 Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
 During his first term, he was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Elections, and made a report on the Illinois 
 contested cases, which was adopted by the House, 
 and he also served as a member of the Committee on 
 Expenditures in the State Department. He was also 
 re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on 
 the Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the Tliirty- 
 seventh Congress ; and, in 1864, was appointed a 
 Judge-Advocate in the army. In August of the same 
 year he was appointed Solicitor of the Court of 
 Claims ; and in May, 1865, lie was Assistant Judge- 
 Advocate in the trial of the conspirators who were 
 tried fqr murdering President Lincoln. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Military Affairs, the Freedmen, and Recon- 
 struction ; and he was one of tlie Representatives de- 
 signated by the House to attend the funeral of General 
 Scott in 1806. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Reconstruction, as Cliairman of the Com- 
 mittees on Claims and Judiciary, and as one of the Man- 
 agers in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses, and after leaving Congress was appointed 
 Minister to Japan. 
 
 liiiitfham, KiusJey S. — He was born at Ca- 
 raillus, Onondaga County, New York, December 16, 
 1808 ; received a fair academic education ; taught 
 school for a time at Bennington, Vermont ; spent 
 three years in the oiBce of a lawyer as clerk ; emi- 
 grated to Michigan in 1833, and settled upon a farm ; 
 he was elected to the Michigan Legislature in 18o5, 
 and was five years a member of that body — three 
 years elected Speaker; he was a Representative in 
 Congress from Michigan from 1847 to 1851, and 
 served on the Committee on Commerce ; and was 
 elected Governor of Michigan in 1854 and 1856. He 
 has also held in other years the oSices of Postmaster, 
 Supervisor, Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of Probate, 
 and Brigadier-General of Militia. In 1859 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Michigan, for sis 
 years. Died at Oalc Grove, Livingston County, Mich- 
 igan, October 5, 1861. 
 
 Bingham, WUlifim.—He graduated at the 
 College of Philadelphia in 1768, and was agent 
 for this country at Martinique during the Revolution. 
 In 1786 he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from Pennsylvania, and was elected a Senator in Con- 
 gress in 1795, serving until 1801, and as President pro 
 tern, of the Senate during the Fourth Congress. He 
 died at Bath, England, February 7, 1804, aged fifty- 
 two years. | 
 
 Binney, Horace.— Re was bom in Philadel- 
 phia, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1797 ; and was educated as a 
 lawyer. He was a Director of the old United States 
 Bank, and one of the Trustees to whom its affairs were 
 intrusted when it was wound up. He was a member 
 of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1806 and 1807, 
 and declined a re-election ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835 ; and 
 was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, 
 and again declined a re-election. In 1837 the degree 
 of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard Uni- 
 versity. He published the " Reports of the Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania," between 1799 and 1814 ; was 
 a lawyer of very great infiuence, and defended the 
 city of Philadelphia in a suit brought by Stephen 
 Girard ; and died in that city, August 13, 1875. 
 
 Binney, Jamea. — In December, 1875, lie was ap- 
 pointed, from the State of Michigan, Minister Resi- 
 dent to the Netherlands. 
 
 Bird, John.—k native of Litchfield, Connecti- 
 cut ; afterwards settled iu Troy, New Yorlt ; and was 
 early distinguished at the bar of that State and in the 
 Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress, 
 from 1799 to 1801, from New York. 
 
 Bird, John T. — He was born in Hunterdon 
 County, New Jersey, August 16, 1839 ; received a 
 common-school and classical education ; spent his 
 youth chiefly on his father's farm ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1855 ; in 1863 he was appointed 
 Prosecuting Attorney for Hunterdon County for five 
 years ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from New Jersey to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on the Militia, andlnvalid Pen- 
 sions. Re-elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Birdsall, Anahurn. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1847 to 1849. He was subsequently 
 appointed Naval Storekeeper in New York city. 
 
 Birdsall, James. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817, and a 
 member of the Assembly of that State in 1837. 
 
 Birdsall, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Birdseye, Victory. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817, and 
 again from 1841 to 1843 ; a Delegate to the State Con- 
 stitutional Convention of 1831 ; and a State Senator 
 in 1831 and 1839, as well as a member of the Assembly 
 for three years. Died September 16, 1853, aged seven- 
 ty-one years. 
 
 Bishop, James. — He was born in New Bruns- 
 wick, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1855 to 1857 ; he was bred 
 a merchant, and has served in the Legislature of his 
 native State. 
 
 BishO]}, Phannel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1807. 
 From 1787 to 1701 he was a member of the State 
 Senate; and in 1793, 1793, 1797, and 1798, a Repre- 
 sentative in the State Legislature. 
 
 Bishop, William It. — He was bom in Bloom- 
 field, New Jersey, September 14, 1837 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1849 ; studied law as a jjrofession, 
 but soon engaged almost exclusively in railroad busi- 
 ness, having for several years been President of the 
 Naugatuck Railroad Company. He was elected a 
 Representative to the Thirty-lifth Congress from Con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 35 
 
 necticut, and tvas Chairman of the Committee on Man- 
 ufactures. In May, 1859, he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Buchanan Commissioner of Patents, but resigned 
 in January, 1860. In 1866 he was re-elected to the 
 State Legislature ; and since then has held various 
 positions of trust and honor in Connecticut. 
 
 JBissill, Clark. — Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, 
 in 178"' ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; studied 
 law and settled at Norwalk; from 1839 to 1839 lie was 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 18-17 and 
 18-18 he was Governor of the State ; and was Kent 
 Professor of Law in Yale College from 1847 to 185.5. 
 Received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 
 1847. Died at Norwalk, Connecticut, September 15, 
 1857. 
 
 m sscll .Will iam H. — Born in Hartwick, Otsego 
 County, New York, April 25, 1811. He was self-ed- 
 ucated, attending school in the summer, and teaching 
 school in the winter ; he studied medicine, and grad- 
 uated in 1834 at the Medical College in Philadelphia; 
 he removed to Illinois, and, after practicing his pro- 
 fession until 1840, was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of 
 Illinois ; after practicing with success, he was, in 
 1844, elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; he .served with 
 distinction in the Mexican War, and especially at 
 Buena Vista, as Captain of the Second Regiment Il- 
 linois Volunteers ; he was a Representative iu Con- 
 gress from Illinois from 1849 to 1853 ; and in 1856 he 
 was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, to 
 the duties of which office he devoted his undivided 
 attention. Died at Springfield, Illinois, March 18, 
 1860. 
 
 Blade, Edward J".— Born in Beaufort, South 
 Carolina, in 1806. He never attended college, but 
 read law, and was admitted to the bar of Augusta, 
 Georgia, in 1827. He commenced his public life by 
 going into the State Legi.slature, where he served for 
 several years, and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from Georgia in 18.38, remaining there un- 
 til 1845. He died in Barnwell District, South Caro- 
 lina, whither he had gone for change of scene, in 
 1846. 
 
 made, Henry. — He was bom in Somerset Coiin- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1788, and was the 
 father of Judge J. S. Black ; iu 1815 he was elected 
 to the State Legislature, and for three successive years 
 afterwards : and in 1820 he was appointed an Asso- 
 ciate Judge of his county, and held the office for 
 twenty years. In 1841, at a special election, he was 
 chosen to fill the seat in Congress made vacant by the 
 death of Charles Ogle, serving during the extra ses- 
 sion of that year ; and when on the point of his de- 
 parture for Washington, at the commencement of the 
 regular session, he died suddenly, November 28, 
 1841. 
 
 Slack, James. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Black, .Tames A. — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina; served as a Captain in the War of 1812; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 
 to the time of his death. Died in Washington, April 
 5, 1848. 
 
 Black, tTcremiah ,S!.— Born in the Glades, Som- 
 erset County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1810 ; was a 
 lawyer by profession, and admitted to the bar in 1830; 
 in 1842 was appointed Presiding Judge of the Judi- 
 cial District in which he lived ; was in 1851 elected to 
 the bench of the Supreme Court, and made Chief Jus- 
 tice ; was re-elected in 1854, and March 5, 1857, re- 
 
 ceived from President Buchanan the appointment of 
 Attorney-General of the United States ; and was Sec- 
 retary of State from December, 1860, to March, 1861. 
 
 Black, John. — He was born in New York in 
 1793 ; was for forty years a resident of Mexico, where 
 he was a Consul of the United States, and also Minis- 
 ter Resident there during the Mexican War. Died in 
 Albany, November 19, 1873. 
 
 Black, John. — He was at one time a resident of 
 Louisiana, but removing to Mississippi, was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from 1832 to 1838, officiating as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims 
 during the first term. He died in Winchester, Vir- 
 ginia, August 29, 1854. 
 
 Black, Samuel TJ'. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and appointed from that State an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Nebraska ; and he was also appointed Governor 
 of that Territory in 1801, remaining in office until 
 1867. 
 
 Blackburn, .T. C. S. — Born in Woodford County, 
 Kentucky, October 1, 1838 ; graduated at Centre Col- 
 lege in 1857 ; studied law, and went to the bar in 
 Lexington in 1858 ; entered the Confederate Army as 
 a private, and was promoted to the rank of Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel before the close of the war ; was elected 
 to the State Legislature in 1871 ; re-elected in 1873, 
 and in 1874 he was elected Representative from Ken- 
 tucky to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Blackburn, IVm. Jasper. — Born in Arkansas, 
 July 24, 1820 ; was left an orphan at an early age, 
 and was wholly self-educated ; was bred a printer, 
 and became the editor of a newspaper in Louisiana, 
 called the Hmncr Iliad ; was an occasional writer in 
 prose and verse for " Ladies' Books ; " was a member 
 of the State Constitutional Convention of 1808 ; and 
 elected a Representative from Louisiana to the For- 
 tieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revo- 
 lutionary Pensions. Though born in a slave State 
 he was always opposed to slavery, and during the 
 Rebellion his printing-office was frequently mobbed 
 by his political enemies. 
 
 Blackford, Isaac X. — Born at Bound Brook, 
 New Jersey, November 6, 1786 ; graduated at the 
 New Jersey College in 1806 ; removed to Indiana iu 
 1813 ; became Clerk of the Territorial Legislature in 
 1813 ; was Judge of the First District Court in 1814 
 and 1815 ; Speaker of the first State Legislature in 
 1816 ; Judge of the Supreme Court of Indiana from 
 1819 to 1835 ; and Judge of the United States Court 
 of Claims from 1855 until his death in Washington 
 City, December 31, 1859. 
 
 Blackford, William IU. — He was a citizen 
 of Virginia, and in 18-13 was appointed Charge 
 d' Affaires to the Republic of Colombia, where he re- 
 mained two years. 
 
 Blackledffe, Williatn. — Presumed to have been 
 the father of the following. He was for several years 
 a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina, 
 and served that State as Representative iu Congress, 
 from 1803 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1813. Died at 
 Spring Hill, Lenoir County, North Carolina, October 
 19, 1828. 
 
 Blackledffe, William S. — He was born iu Pitt 
 County, North Carolina ; was a member of the Gene- 
 ral Assembly of North Carolina ; and he was elected 
 to Congress from that State for the term from 1831 
 to 1823. Died in Newbern, North Carolina, March 
 31, 1857, aged sixty-four. 
 
36 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 lilaehitiar, Esbon. — He was a native of New 
 York, aud a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 184S to 1849, for the unexpired term of 
 John M. HoUey. He also served two years in the 
 State Assembly from Wayne County 
 
 Blackwell, JilliifS W. — He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 
 1845. 
 
 Blackwood, William G. — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania ; settled in Missouri, from which State 
 he was appointed a Justice of tlie tfnited States Court 
 for the Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Blaine, James Gillespie.— Ue was born in 
 Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1830 ; gradu- 
 ated at Washington College in 1847 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of editor, and, having removed to Maine, 
 edited the Kennebec Journal and Portland Advertiser 
 for several years. He served four years in the Maine 
 Legislature, two of them as Speaker of the House ; 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Representative from 
 Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee ou Post Offices and Post 
 Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Military Affairs and the 
 Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, 
 and as Cliairman of that on the War Debts of the Loyal 
 States. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Appropriations and Rules. 
 He was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and 
 made Spealierof the House, holding the same position 
 during the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses. 
 Also re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Blair, Austin. — Was born in Caroline, Tomp- 
 kins County, New York, February 8, 1818 ; graduated 
 at Union College in 1839 ; studied law, and, removing 
 to Michigan, practiced the profession in that State. 
 After holding the local offices of County Clerk and 
 Prosecuting Attorney for his county, he was elected 
 to the Legislature, and afterwards to the Senate of 
 the State ; was Governor of Michigan from 1861 to 
 186.5, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Rules, and Militia. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Land Claims. 
 
 Blair, Barnard. — He was a native of New 
 York, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Elections. 
 
 Blair, Fraticis Presfon. — Born in Abingdon, 
 Virginia, April 13, 1791 ; removed to Kentucky with 
 his father about the year 1800 ; graduated at Tran- 
 sylvania University ; studied law, but from ill health 
 never practiced ; engaged early in politics, and sup- 
 ported his friend, Mr. Clay, for the Presidency in 
 1834, but became politically estranged from him 
 during the ir1mini-|irnteii[| "* J. Q. Adams. His views 
 against niillification in a Kentucky paper caused 
 General Jackson to invite him to edit a Democratic 
 journal in Washington. The Ohihe was commenced 
 by him in 1830, and continued until 184.5. He then 
 retired to his estate at Silver Spring, Montgomery 
 County, Maryland and engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits. He withdrew from the Democratic party m 
 1848, and after the repeal of the Slissouri Compromise 
 took part in the Republican organization, and sup- 
 ported General Fremont for the Presidency in 1856. 
 
 Blair, Francis P., Jr. — Born in Lexington, 
 Kentucky, February 19, 1831 ; graduated at Princeton 
 
 College ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Missouri Legislature in 18.53 and 1854, and 
 elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private 
 Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs. He was also a Colonel of Volunteers m 
 1861, and, in 1863, he was appointed a Major-General 
 in the army, and was subsequently re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress. During the first session of 
 that Congress he resigned his seat in the House to re- 
 sume his position in the army, but, by the action of 
 the House, subsequently the seat was assigned to his 
 contestant, Samuel Knox. In 1866 he was appointed 
 by President Johnson Collector of Customs for the 
 port of St. Louis, but rejected by the Senate. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers' Con- 
 vention " of 1866 ; and in December of that year was 
 appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad. 
 In 1868 he was nominated for Vice-President of the 
 United States on the ticket with Horatio Seymour, 
 aud was defeated. He was also a Senator in Congress 
 for the unexpired term of C. D. Drake, from 1871 to 
 1873, serving on important Committees. In 1848 he 
 published the " Life and Public Services of General 
 William A. Butler." Died in St. Louis, Missouii, 
 July 9, 187.5. 
 
 Blair, 'Jacob B, — Was born in Parkersburg, 
 Wood County, Virginia, April 11, 1831 ; studied and 
 adopted the profession of law ; was Prosecuting At- 
 torney for Ritchie County for several years ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Pub- 
 lic Buildings and Grounds. In 1863 he was elected a 
 Representative from West Virginia to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public 
 Expenditures, and Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Blair, James. — He was born in Lancaster, 
 South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from South Carolina from 1831 to 1833, and from 
 1839 to 1834. He died at Washington, by his own 
 hand, April 1, 1834. 
 
 Blair, John. — Bom in Williamsburg, Virginia, 
 in 1733 ; graduated at William and Mary College ; 
 studied law at the Temple, London, and became an 
 eminent lawyer. Was a member of the Legislature 
 in 1765, and, on the dissolution of the House, in 1769, 
 he, vrith Washington and other patriots, drafted the 
 " Non-Importation Agreement," at Raleigh Tavern. 
 He was one of the Committee, in June, 1776, which 
 drew up the plan for the government of the State ; 
 was elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, then 
 Chief Justice, and, in 1780, Judge of the High Court 
 of Chancery. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 Convention to Re-s-ise the Articles of Confederation. 
 He supported the "Virginia Plan," and, with Wash- 
 ington and Madison alone of all the Virginia Dele- 
 gates, voted for the adoption of the Federal Constitu- 
 tion, and also for its ratification in the State Conven- 
 tion. In September, 1789, he was appointed by 
 Washington a Judge of the United States Supreme 
 Court. He resigned this position in 1796. Died in 
 WUliamsburg, August 31, 1800. 
 
 Blair, John.—Ke was born in Washington 
 County, Tennessee, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress "from Tennessee from 1833 to 1837, aud was a 
 Slember of the Committee on Military Affairs. Before 
 entering Congress he served in both branches of the 
 State Legislature, and died at Jonesborough, Tennes- 
 see, in July, 1863. 
 
 Blair, 3Ionf<iomery. — He was born in Frank- 
 lin County, Kentucky, May 10, 1818 ; was educated at 
 the West Point Academy ; served in the Florida War 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 37 
 
 under General Scott ; studied law, and settled in tlie 
 practice of the profession at St. Louis, in 1839 ; was 
 Mayor of tliat citj- in 1843 ; Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas from 1843 to 1849, when he resigned ; 
 in 1853 he removed to Maryland ; practiced his pro- 
 fession in the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 and was one of the Counsel in the Dred Scott case ; 
 was appointed Solicitor of the Court of Claims by 
 President Pierce ; in 1860 he acted as President of the 
 "Maryland Republican Convention," and as a Presi- 
 dential Elector at the subsequent election ; and by 
 President Lincoln he was appointed, in 1861, Post- 
 master-General, resigning the position in October, 
 1864. His brother, F. P. Blair, Jr., was a member of 
 Congress, and his father, Francis P. Blair, was, for 
 many years, a Public Printer in Washington, in con- 
 junction with John C. Rives. 
 
 Bffiir, Samuel S. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and elected a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was placed at the 
 head of that Committee, serving, also, on several other 
 Committees. 
 
 Bfnisdell, Daniel. — He was a State Councilor 
 from 1803 to 1808, and a Representative in Congress 
 from New Hampshire fron 1808 to 1811. Died in 
 1833, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 TSlaisflefl, H, G. — He was the first Governor of 
 Nevada after it became a State, and served as such 
 from 1864 to 1869. 
 
 lilahe, Harrison G. — Bom in New Fane, 
 Windham County, Vermont, March 17, 1818 ; received 
 a common-school education, and removed to Ohio in 
 1830. Whilst engaged as a merchant's clerk he stud- 
 ied law, and, after devoting much of his life to mer- 
 cantile pursuits, he adopted the profession of law. 
 He has served four years in the Ohio Legislature, and 
 was President of the State Senate in 1848 and 1849 ; 
 and he was elected a Representative from Ohio to tlie 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, ser\-ing on the Committee on the 
 Post Office. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 invention " of 1866. ..SIaXJ^'- 
 
 phia "Loyalists' Com 
 
 Blake', Henri) N. — In July, 1875, he was ap- 
 pointed one of the Associate Justices of the United 
 States for the Territory of Montana. 
 
 make, John, Jr. — He was a native of New 
 York, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1805 to 1809, and was a member of the As- 
 sembly of that State in 1819. 
 
 Blahe, John S. — Bom in Colchester, Fairfax 
 County, Virginia, August 13, 1803 ; when a child of 
 six years, removed with his father to Washington 
 City ; received a good education at the Georgetown 
 College, and at Charlotte College in Maryland ; turned 
 his attention to medicine, and graduated as a phy- 
 sician at the University of Maryland ; was Commis- 
 sioner of Public Buildings during a part of the admin- 
 istration of President Pierce, and during the whole of 
 that of President Buchanan ; and he was also, for 
 many years. President of the National Metropolitan 
 Bank. He was also, for a time, connected with the 
 Board of Public Works in Washington, and when the 
 change took place in the office of the Treasurer of the 
 United States, in 1875, he was one of the Commit- 
 tee appointed to count the money in the national 
 vaults. 
 
 Blake, Joseph. — Was Governor of South Caro- 
 
 lina in 1694, and from 1696 to his death in 1700. He 
 was a proprietary. 
 
 Blake. Thomas H.—Ee was born in Calvert 
 County, Maryland, June, 1793, and spent his boyhood 
 in Washington City. He served at the battle of 
 Bladeusburg, in 1814 ; was an early emigrant to the 
 State of Kentucky, and afterwards to Indiana while a 
 Territorj' ; upon the formation of the State Govern- 
 ment he settled at Terre Haute ; there practiced law, 
 and served on the bench of the Circuit Court, and was 
 District Attorney ; and subsequently engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits. He was, for many years, a member 
 of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839. Under Presi- 
 dent Tyler's administration lie was Commissioner of 
 the General Land Office, and, upon his resignation, 
 was appointed President of the Wabash and Erie 
 Canal Company. He held this office at the time of 
 his death, having just returned from England, where, 
 as the financial agent of his State, he liad made satis- 
 factory arrangements mth its public creditors. He 
 died at Cincinnati, while on his return from Wash- 
 ington, November 38, 1849. 
 
 Blanehard, Joint. — Born in the County of 
 Caledonia, Vermont, September 30, 1787. He spent 
 his boyhood on a farm ; prepared himself for college 
 and graduated at Dartmouth in 1813 ; removed to 
 Pennsylvania, and taught school ; read law, and was 
 admitted to practice ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1849. He 
 died in Columbia, Lancaster County, March 8, 1849. 
 
 Blanehard, Jonathan. — He was a Delegate 
 from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 
 1783 and 1784. 
 
 Bland, Ballard. — He was bom in Kentucky ; 
 educated for the legal profession ; and while residing 
 in Louisville was appointed United States Judge for 
 the District of Kentucky. 
 
 Bland, Bichurd. — He was a native of Virginia ; 
 was for some years a leading member of the House of 
 Burgesses. In 1768 he was one of the Committee ap- 
 pointed to remonstrate with Parliament on the sub- 
 ject of taxation ; in 1773 was one of the Committee of 
 Correspondence ; and was a Delegate to the Continen- 
 tal Congress from 1774 to 1776. He died in 1790, 
 aged forty-eight years. 
 
 Bland, Bichard Parks. — Was born in Hart- 
 ford, Kentucky ; left an orphan at an early age ; 
 worked during the summer to enable him to attend 
 the common schools in the winter ; taught school, so 
 as to obtain an academic course ; studied law, and 
 practiced the profession ; never held a public office 
 until he was elected to the Forty-third Congress from 
 Missouri ; and he was elected to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Mines and Mining. 
 
 Bland, Theodorir. — Was a native of Virginia, 
 having been born in 1743rjffi3 was the uncle of John 
 Randolph. He was bred a physician, but upon the 
 commencement of the American War he qiiitted the 
 practice for the army, and rose to the rank of Colonel, 
 and had the command of a regiment of dragoons. In 
 1779 he had command of the troops at Albemarle Bar- 
 racks, and continued in that station till elected to a 
 seat in Congress from Virginia, in 1780. He served 
 in that body three years. He was then chosen a mem- 
 ber of the Virginia Legislature. He was a Represent- 
 ative in the first Congress under the Constitution, 
 having voted for its adoption. He died at New York, 
 June 1, 1790, while attending a session of Congress. 
 
38 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 He was the first member of Congress whose death 
 was announced in that body ; and although buried in 
 Trinity church-yard, the sermon in the church was 
 preached l)y a pastor of the Dutch Reformed denomi- 
 nation. He was present at the battle of Brandywine, 
 and enjoyed the confidence of George Washington. 
 He was a man of literary culture, and his correspond- 
 ence with eminent men was published in 1843 as 
 " The Bland Papers." 
 
 Blatul, Tlieodoric. — Bom in 1777, was a law- 
 j-er by profession ; was Judge of the County Court in 
 Baltimore, and Judge of the United States District 
 Court of Maryland, and was twenty-two years Chan- 
 cellor of the State. From 1830 to 1841 he published 
 in Baltimore, " Reports of Cases decided in the High 
 Court of Chancery, Maryland." Died at Annapolis, 
 November 16, 184(5. His father, bearing the same 
 name, was in the Continental and Federal Con- 
 gresses. 
 
 Blatehfoi'd, Hi chard M. — He was the son of 
 Rev. Samuel Blatchford, and born in Stratford, Con- 
 necticut, in 1798 ; graduated at Union College in 1818, 
 of which institution he was for many years a trustee 
 and aided it with his money ; taught school on Long 
 Island and studied law at the same time ; and on com- 
 ing to the 'oar settled in New York city. In 182G he 
 was made a financial agent for the Bank of England ; 
 in 1836 appointed to the same position by the Bank of 
 the United States, and assisted in winding up its af- 
 fairs ; in 1855 he was elected to the State Legislature; 
 in 1859 Commissioner of Central Park; subsequently, 
 of the Public Parks generally ; when the Rebellion 
 commenced he was entrusted with funds for the re- 
 cruiting service ; and in 1863 he was appointed Min- 
 ister to Italy. He was a warm personal friend of 
 Daniel Webster and one of the executors under his 
 will, and was the father of Samuel Blatchford, the 
 United States District Judge for New York. He died 
 at Newport, September 4, 1875. 
 
 Blfifrhfot'd, Samuel. — He was born in the 
 city of New York, March 9, 1830 ; educated at the 
 Pittsfield Academy, Massachusetts, and at the Gram- 
 mar School of Columbia College, New York, from 
 which college he graduated in 1837 ; was Private 
 Secretary to W. H. Seward from 1839 to 1841, and 
 Jlilitary Secretary on Governor's Staff up to 1843 : 
 admitted to the bar in 1843 ; was made a Counselor 
 of the Supreme Court of the State in 1845 ; in the 
 latter part of the same year went to Auburn and 
 joined Mr. Seward and Christopher Morgan as a law 
 partner; in 1851 he was nominated for a Judgeship on 
 the Supreme Bench, but was not elected ; in 1854 he 
 returned to New York city, and in the following year 
 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 State for the First District, but declined ; and after 
 devoting himself to his profession, was appointed, in 
 1867, District Jud^e of the United States Court for 
 the Southern Distnct of New York, and still holds the 
 office. 
 
 Bledxoe, Jefise, — He was at one time a distin- 
 guished advocate and jurist of Kentucky, and a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815 ; 
 he was also Professor of Law in the University of 
 Transylvania, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of Kentucky. He died at Nacogdoches, Texas, June 
 30, 1837. 
 
 Bleechev, JJertna/irinf. — He was born at Albanv. 
 New York, in 1779, and died there July 19, 1849. He 
 was a member of Congress from New York from 
 1811 to 1813, and, by President Vau Buren, was ap- 
 pointed, in 1839, Charge d'Affaires at the Hague. In 
 1833 he was a Regent of the University of New York, 
 and received the degree of LL.D. 
 
 i>/<s,s, Arvhihald 31. — Bom in Brooklyn, Long 
 Island, January 35, 1837 ; received an academic edu- 
 cation ; was for many years engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits ; was for four years an Aldennan, from 1864, 
 and President of the Board in 1867 ; defeated for 
 Mayor in the latter year ; was a Delegate to the Balti- 
 more Convention in 1864, Chicago Convention of 1868, 
 and to the Cincmnati Convention of 1873 ; in 1869 
 and 1870 he was Commissioner of Public Works for 
 Brooklyn ; was a Director in several banks, Vice- 
 President and a Director in the New York and Long 
 Island Bridge Company, President of the Bushwick 
 Railroad Comjiany, and in 1874 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Forty-fotirth 
 Congress. 
 
 Bliss, George. — Was bora In Jericho, Chittenden 
 County, Vei-mout, January 1, 1813 ; received an 
 academical education ; went to Ohio in his twentieth 
 year, and spent one year in Gran\-ille College ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1850 he was ap- 
 pointed President Judge of the Eighth Judicial 
 District of Ohio, serving one year, or until the State 
 Constitution was changed ; in 1853 was elected a 
 Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-third Con- 
 gress, and in 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 Judiciary. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia " National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Bliss, Philemon. — Bom in Canton, Connecticut, 
 July 38, 1814 ; educated at Fairfield Academy, 
 Oneida Institute, and Hamilton College, New York ; 
 was a lawyer by profession ; removed to Ohio, and 
 was elected President Judge of the Fourteenth Cir- 
 cuit Court, and, in 1854, a Representative to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress. He was a member of the Committee 
 on Manufactures. He was subsequently appointed a 
 Territorial Judge in Dakota. 
 
 Blodf/eff, Henni W. — Born at Amherst, Massa- 
 chusetts, July 31, 1821 ; removed with his parents to 
 Illinois in 1831 ; worked on a farm until twenty-oue 
 years of age, with the exception of one year's at- 
 tendance at Amherst Academy when about eighteen ; 
 studied law in Chicago and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1844 ; in the spring of 1845 located at Waukegan 
 in the practice of his profession ; was elected to the 
 Legislature of Illinois, in 1853, and to the State Sen- 
 ate in 1858 ; and wa; appointed Judge of the United 
 States Court for the Northern District of Illinois in 
 1870, and is still in oiBce. 
 
 Bloodworth, Timothy. — He was born in 
 North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from North Carolina in 1790 and 1791, and a Senator 
 of the United States from 1795 to 1801. He was one 
 of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern- 
 ment on the Potomac. He died August 34, 1814. 
 
 Bloom, Isaac. — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but died 
 before taking his seat, in 1803. 
 
 Bloomfield, Joseph. — Born in the town of 
 Woodbridge, Middlesex (bounty, New Jersey ; studied 
 law until 1775, when he became an active friend of 
 the Revolution ; was afterwards Attorney-General 
 for New Jersey ; Governor of that State from 1801 to 
 1813 ; was appointed a Brigadier-General by President 
 Madison ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Jersey from 1817 to 1831. As Chairman of the 
 Committee on Revolutionary Pensions he reported the 
 bill granting pensions to soldiers of the Revolutionary 
 Anny. He resided in Burlington, New Jersey, many 
 vears before his death. Died in Burlington, October 
 3, 1833. 
 
1 1 (i R A P H I C A L ANNALS. 
 
 39 
 
 liloiinf. Jam en II, — He was elected to the 
 Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses from Geor- 
 gia, serving ou the Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 lifoimf, Thom<ts. — He was bom in North Caro- 
 lina ; was a General of Militia in that State ; and a 
 Representative from the same in the Twelfth Con- 
 gress. Died in Washington, February 9, 1813. 
 
 liloiiut, WiUiam. — He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1783, 1783, 1786, and 
 1787, from North Carolina ; and was Governor of 
 the territory south of the Ohio, having been ap- 
 pointed to that office in 1790. In 1790 he was chosen 
 President of the Convention of Tennessee. He was 
 elected the same year, by that State, to a seat in the 
 United States Senate, but was expelled in 1797, for 
 having, as it was alleged, instigated the Creeks and 
 Cherokees to assist the British in conquering the 
 Spanish territories near the United States. While 
 his impeachment was being tried in the United States 
 Senate he was elected a member of the State Senate 
 and made President thereof. He died at Knoxville, 
 March 10, 1810, aged fifty-six years. 
 
 lilount, Wnihim G. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1819. Died 
 May 31, 1837. 
 
 ISloinif, IJ'illie. — He was Secretary to his 
 brother William while Territorial Governor of Ohio ; 
 and afterwards removed to Montgomery County, 
 Tennessee ; was a member of the Legislature of that 
 State, and Governor from 1809 to 1815 ; and a mem- 
 ber of the State Constitutional Convention in 1834. 
 Died near Clarksville, Tennessee, September 10, 
 1835, aged 68. 
 
 Slow, Henry T. — Born in Southampton County, 
 Virginia, July 15, 1817; removed to Missouri in 1830, 
 and graduated at the St. Louis LTniver.sity ; devoted 
 himself to the drug and lead business ; served four 
 years in the State Senate ; in 1861 he was appointed 
 by President Lincoln Minister to Venezuela, which he 
 resigned in less than a year, and in 1863 he was elected 
 a Rejiresentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and 
 Means. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore 
 Convention of 186-1. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropri- 
 ation, Banlcrupt Law, and Reconstruction. In 1874 
 he was appointed one of the Commissioners for 
 the District of Columbia, which he resigned in 
 1875. Died at Saratoga, New York, September 11, 
 1875. 
 
 Hfxirdinan, David S. — Bom in Connecticut 
 in 1768 ; graduated at Tale ('ollege in 1793 ; studied 
 law, and cauie to the bar in 1795; was for many years 
 a leading lawyer in the State ; for a few years. Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the State ; and died 
 December 3, 1864. 
 
 lioarduian, Elijah. — Born in New Milford, 
 Connecticut, March 7, 1760, and became a successful 
 merchant. He was frequently a member of the 
 Legislature, member of the Council, and a Senator in 
 Congress from Connecticut from 1831 to 1833. He 
 died in Boardman, Ohio, October 8, 1833. 
 
 Hoard man, William IV. — He was bom in 
 
 New Milford, Connecticut, October 10, 1794 ; gradu- 
 ated at Yale College in 1813; studied law at Litchfield 
 and Cambridge, and practiced with success ; was at 
 one time Judge of Probate ; for several years in the 
 State Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 
 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Hoclwv, Abraham. — Born in the town of 
 Northeast, Dutchess County, New York, in 1783; wao 
 a member of the State Legislature in 1820 ; a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1839 to 
 1831, and again from 1833 to 1837 ; and a member of 
 the State Senate from 1843 to 1845. He also held the 
 position, in 1846, of first Judge of the Dutchess County 
 Court. Died at Poughkeepsie, June 1, 1865. 
 
 Socock, Thomas S. — He was bom in Bucking- 
 ham County, Virginia, in 1815 ; graduated at Hamp- 
 den Sidney College ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 was Commonwealth Attorney for the County of Ap- 
 pomattox in 1845 and 1846 ; for several sessions a 
 member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; and has 
 been a Reiiresentative in Congress from 1847 to 1861, 
 serving for some years as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee ou Naval Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion of 
 1861 as a member of the "Confederate" Congress. 
 Was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 
 1868. 
 
 Boden , Andreir. — He was born in Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1817 to 1831. 
 
 Bodle, Charles.— He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835, and died 
 in New York city, in 1836. 
 
 lioeram, Simon. — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 
 1777. 
 
 Sofjf/s, L. IT'. — He was Governor of Missouri 
 from 1836 to 1840. 
 
 I*Of/!/. Lewis T'. — He was born in St. Gene- 
 vieve, Missouri, April 9, 1813 ; is descended from 
 the early French pioneers ; was educated in the com- 
 mon schools ; in early life was a clerk ; afterward 
 studied law in Illinois, and then at the Law School 
 in Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated in 1835, 
 and commenced practice at St. Louis ; was elected sev- 
 eral times to the State Legislature ; was Commissioner 
 of Indian Affairs in 1867 and 1868 ; while practicing 
 law devoted much of his time and means to develop 
 the mineral resources of his native State ; was one 
 of the projectors and friends of the St. Louis and Iron 
 Mountain Railroad, of which he was for two years 
 President ; and was elected to the LTnited States 
 Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending 
 in 1879, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, 
 Land Claims, and Education and Labor. 
 
 SoJcee, David A.—H.e was born in New York, 
 October 6, 1805 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1849 to 1851, serving on the 
 Committee on Indian Affairs; and his last public posi- 
 tion was that of Naval Officer of the port of New 
 York, under President Fillmore. He died in Wash- 
 ington, March 16, 1860 ; he was on a visit to that city, 
 and was found dead in his room. 
 
 Bolter, Oeorf/e Henri/. — Bom in Philadelphia 
 in 1833 : graduated at Princeton College in 1843 ; 
 studied law, but never practiced. After a tour in 
 Europe he returned to Philadelphia, and published 
 " The Lesson of Life and other Poems," in 1847 ; 
 " Calaynos," a tragedy, in 1848, successfully per- 
 formed in London; "Anne Boleyn," " Leonor de 
 Guzman," " Francesca de Rimini," "The Betroth- 
 al," " The Widow's Marriage," a comedy, and 
 some minor poems and plays. He was appointed 
 Minister to Turkey in 1871, and in 1875 he was trans- 
 ferred to the more important mission of Russia. 
 
 Doles, Tliomas. — He was born near Clarksville, 
 
iO 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Johnson County, Arkansas, July 16, 1837 ; labored on 
 a farm until kis twentieth year, teaching a common 
 school for a part of three years ; in 1859 and 1860, lie 
 was Deputy Sheriff and Deputy Clerk of the Yell 
 County Court; studied law, and came to the bar in the 
 latter year ; in 1863 and 1864 he served as a Captain 
 in the Union Army, experiencing many trials from 
 ill-health and military arrests; in 1865, he was chosen 
 Judge of the Fourth Judicial District of Arkansas, 
 which he resigned early in 1868, when he was elected 
 a Representative from Arkansas to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on the State Depart- 
 ment. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on the District of Columbia and 
 the Militia. 
 
 Sond, Hllffli, L. — He was born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, received a liberal education, adopted the 
 profession of law, and practiced in Baltimore ; as a 
 politician, he took an active part in the Know-Nothing 
 party ; and in 1870 was appointed Judge of the Fourth 
 Circuit of the United States Court His father was 
 a prominent Methodist and physician in Baltimore, 
 and he himself, in the year 1860, attended a Methodist 
 Convention at Staunton. Virginia, and advocated the 
 cause of the Southern States in the impending troub- 
 les. 
 
 lioiifl, Shadraclc. — He was born in Maryland ; 
 was a member of the first Legislative Council of Ohio 
 in 1799; was elected a Delegate to Congress from the 
 Territory of Illinois from 1811 to 1815 ; and was 
 the first Governor under the State Constitution. In 
 1814 was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in 
 Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at Kaskaskia, April 13, 
 1832. 
 
 Bond, It'if/hnii Ke>/. — He was born in St. 
 Mary's County, Maryland ; emigrated to Ohio in 
 1813 ; studied law and settled in the practice of the 
 profession at Chillicothe, and subsequently at Cin- 
 cinnati ; was at one time a Colonel of Militia ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1835 to 
 1841. Died at Cincinnati, February 17, 1864. 
 
 Bonhfun, Mi/fedt/e L. — He was born in South 
 Carolina ; graduated at the College of that State in 
 1834 ; is a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a 
 Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from his 
 native State, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Military Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, but withdrew in December, 1860. He 
 was a Major-General of Militia, and served in Mexi- 
 co at the head of a battalion of South Carolina troops. 
 Served as a Major-General in the Rebel Army in 1861, 
 and was Governor of South Carolina from 1863 to 
 1864. Was a Delegate to the New York Convention 
 of 1868. 
 
 Boody, Azariah. — Born in New York, and was 
 elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-third Congress, but resigned in October, 1853. 
 
 Booher, George W. — Bom in Patrick County, 
 Virginia, December 5, 1831 ; received a common- 
 school education, studied law, and taught school ; 
 was Justice of the Peace, and then Presiding Justice 
 of Henry County Court, for ten years ; supported the 
 Government during the Rebellion ; was elected to the 
 House of Delegates of Virginia in 1865 ; was nomi- 
 nated in 1868 as State Attorney-General, but resigned 
 the nomination ; and was elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, in 1869, as a Conservative ; was re-elected 
 to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Boon, Batliff, — He was born in Franklin 
 County, North Carolina, in 1781, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Indiana from 1835 to 1837, 
 
 and again from 1829 to 1839, ofiiciating as Chaii-man 
 of the Committee on Public Lands during the 
 Twenty-fourth Congress. He died in Louisiana, No- 
 vember 30, 1844. 
 
 Boone, A. B. — Bom in Davidson County, Ten- 
 nessee, April 4, 1831 ; received a good home educa- 
 tion ; studied law, but chiefly by himself, and came to 
 the bar in 1851 ; in 18.54 he was elected a County Judge 
 for four years ; re-elected, but resigned ; in 1861 he 
 was elected to the Legislature, but resigned and re- 
 turned home, where he remained until the close of 
 the war ; in 1868 he was elected Judge of the First 
 District of Kentucky, holding the position for six 
 years ; in 1874 he was elected a Representative from 
 -T^mressee to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Boone, William F. — He was born in Mary- 
 land ; resided in Pennsylvania ; and was appointed an 
 Associate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Booth , •Tames. — He was for many years Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Delaware, and died 
 at New Castle, in that State, March 39, 1855. 
 
 Booth, Newton. — Born in Salem, Indiana, 
 December 35, 1835 ; graduated at the Asbury Univer- 
 sity in 1846 ; studied law in Terre Haute, and went to 
 the bar in 1850 ; in that year removed to California 
 and engaged in the wholesale grocery business in 
 Sacramento. During the period between 1857 and 
 1860, he was absent from California and practiced the 
 profession of law in Terre Haute, Indiana. On re- 
 turning to California he was elected to the State Sen- 
 ate in 1863 ; elected Governor of the State in 1871, 
 and served until March, 1874, when he resigned, hav- 
 ing been elected a Senator in Congress from Cali- 
 fornia for the term beginning in 1875 and ending in 
 1881. 
 
 Booth, IVaJter, — Bom in Woodbridge, New 
 Haven County, Connecticut, December 8, 1791, and 
 after receiving a good school education in New Haven 
 he settled in the town of Meriden, where he still 
 resides. He was for several years a merchant and 
 manufacturer, and for eighteen years President of the 
 Meriden Bank ; he has been a member of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly and State Senate ; and in 1834 was 
 Associate Judge of the County Court. He was Ma- 
 jor-General of Militia, and elected a member of the 
 Thirty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Public Expenditures. He has since been engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits. 
 
 Borden, tTames W. — He was a citizen of 
 Indiana ; and in 1858 he was appointed a Commis- 
 sioner, with power to negotiate a treaty with the 
 Government of Hawaii. 
 
 Borden, Joseph, — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jersey to the Colonial Congress held in New York in 
 1765. 
 
 Borden, Kathaniel B. — He was born in Fall 
 River, Massachusetts, April 15, 1801, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from the Fall River District, 
 in that State, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 
 to 1843, and was a member of the Committees on 
 Elections and Territories. He was also a member of 
 the State Legislature in 1831, 1834, and 1851, and a 
 State Senator from 1845 to 1848. Died at Fall River, 
 April 10, 1865. 
 
 Boreman, .Taeob E. — Born in Middletown, 
 Tyler County, West Virginia, August 4, 1831 ; grad- 
 uated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1853 ; 
 studied law at the University of Virginia ; came to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 •41 
 
 the bar in 1855 and practiced at Parkersburg ; in 1858 
 he removed to Kansas City, Missouri ; was elected 
 City Attorney in 1861 ; assisted in raising troops for 
 the war ; in 1803 appointed a Judge of Common 
 Pleas and elected to the same by the people ; ran for 
 the Legislature in 1868 and defeated ; ran again in 
 1869 and was elected ; subsequently purchased an in- 
 terest in the Kansas City Bulletin and became its 
 editor ; and in 1873 he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Utah, in which position he still continues. He is 
 a brother of Arthur I. Boreman, formerly a Senator in 
 Congress. 
 
 liorie, Adolph E.—Tle was born in Philadel- 
 phia, in 1809 ; graduated at the University of 
 Pennsylvania, in 1825, and completed liis education 
 in France. On his return to this country, he em- 
 barked in mercantile pursuits, and was for many 
 years a member of the firm of McKean, Borie & 
 Co., engaged in the East India trade. Though 
 not an active politician, he was one of the originators 
 and moneyed supporters of the Union League in 
 Philadelphia, and was elected Vice-President of that 
 body ; and on March 5, 1869, he was appointed 
 by President Grant to a seat in the Cabinet as 
 Secretary of the Navy ; resigned June 23, 1869. 
 
 Softs, J oh II 31, — Born in Dumfries, Prince Wil- 
 liam County, Virginia, September 16, 1802, but re- 
 moved with his father to Fredericksburg, and subse- 
 quently to Eichmond. In 1811 he lost his parents, at 
 the conflagration of the Richmond Theatre, and was 
 sent to a boarding-school. At eighteen he was admit- 
 ted to the bar, practiced for six years, and then re- 
 tired to a farm in Henrico County. He served in the 
 Legislature from 1833 to 1839, when he was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Virginia, and occu- 
 pied that position until 1843 ; was re-elected to the 
 Thirtieth Congress, and was Clinirman of the Commit- 
 tee on Military Affairs. He afterwards resumed the 
 practice of his profession in Richmond, where he then 
 resided, having, since 1851, declined all nominations 
 for public office in his State. During the Rebellion 
 he remamed faithful to the Government of the United 
 States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. He was one of 
 those who gave bail for JefEer.son Davis in 1867. Died. 
 
 Houclc, tfofie2>fi, — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on 
 Imprisonment for Debt. 
 
 SoucJe, fVilUam C. — Bom in Schoharie Coun- 
 
 The following was omitted from its proper place by mistake. 
 
 Boreman, Avfhur Iiif/ln-ani. — He was boru [ of the Wheeling Convention of 1801, to re-organize 
 in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, July 24, 1823 ; when a i the government of Virginia ; in October of that year, 
 child removed with his father to Western Virginia ; I be was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court, and 
 received a common school education ; studied law, I held the office until 1863, when he was elected 
 and, coming to the bar in 1845, commenced the prac- j Governor of West Virginia, and t%vice re-elected, and 
 tice at Parkersburg ; in 1855 he was elected to the was still in that office when he was elected a Senator 
 House of Delegates of Virginia, and was re-elected in Congress from West Virginia, for the term com- 
 until 1860 ; was also a member of the extra session menciug in 1869, and ending in 1875, serving on the 
 of the Legislature in 1861, taking an active part Committees on Manufactures and Territories, 
 against the secession movement ; he was president I 
 
 Died at Middleburg 
 1848. 
 
 New York, November 14, 
 
 Hos.i, ,Tohn L., <Tt'. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Rhode Island from 1815 to 1819. 
 
 Sonsicr, Peter E. — He was descended from an 
 old French family of Louisiana, and, after serving ten 
 years in the State Senate, he was elected a member 
 of the Twenty-eighth Congress from that State, and 
 lied in Washington before the expiration of his term, 
 April 24, 1844. 
 
 Jiotefer, Alexander R. — Born in Shepherds- 
 town, Jefferson County, Virginia, May 16, 1815. 
 After going through an academic course of studies 
 in his native town, he entered Princeton College, and 
 graduated in 1835, and since that time has been 
 chiefly devoted to rural and literary pursuits. In 
 1852 and 1856 he was on the Electoral tickets. Whig 
 and American ; and in 1859 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 During a part of the Rebellion, he served as a Repre- 
 sentative in the so-called "Confederate" Congress. 
 In 1875 he was appointed a Commissioner to the Cen- 
 tennial Exhibition. 
 
 house as Director of the Mint of the United States, 
 an office which lie resigned in the course of a few 
 years, and lived from that time at Burlington, New 
 Jersey. He devoted himself earnestly to biblical lit- 
 erature, and being possessed of an ample fortune, 
 made munificent donations to various charitable and 
 theological institutions. The American Bible Society, 
 of which he became President, was particularly an 
 object of his bounty. He died at Burlington, New 
 Jersey, October 24, 1821. He published several 
 books, and was devoted to Natural History. 
 
 Bouldin, tTames W. — He was born in Virgin- 
 ia, and was a Representative in Congress from Vir- 
 ginia from 1833 to 1839, having been elected to the 
 Twenty-third Congress in place of his brother, T. T. 
 Bouldin, deceased. 
 
 Bouldin, Thomas T. — He was born in Virgin- 
 ia ; spent his youth in farming ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law, and reached a high judicial position; was 
 a member of Congress from Virginia from 1829 to 
 1833, and died in the Capitol, at Washington, Febru- 
 ary 11, 1834. He had been re-elected to the Twenty- 
 third Congress, but died soon after entering upon his 
 third term. On the day preceding his death he was 
 censured by a colleague for omitting to call the at- 
 
42 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tention of the House to the death of his predecessor 
 John Randolph ; and he had risen to reply, when he 
 ■was seized with paralysis, sank down into a chair, 
 and died immediately. Before entering Congress he 
 had been a lawyer of high rank, and an able and 
 upright Judge, and highly respected for his talents 
 and integrity. 
 
 Botiligney, Douiinique, — He was born in 
 Louisiana ; was a lawyer by profession ; was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from that State from 1834 to 1829, 
 and died in 1833. 
 
 Soiiliynejf, John Edimind. — He was born in 
 New Orleans, February .5, 1824, and was of Creole 
 descent ; received a good education ; held several of- 
 fices of trust in his native city, and was elected a 
 Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress. Of the representatives of twelve millions 
 of people, he was the only one who refused to aban- 
 don his State to the leaders of the secession move- 
 ment, and he continued in Congress untU the close of 
 his term. He died in Washington, of consumption, 
 February 20, 1864. Dominique Bouligney, formerly 
 a Senator from Louisiana, was his uncle. 
 
 Soiilivare, IVillUim. — He was a citizen of 
 Virginia, and in 1841 was appointed Charge d' Affaires 
 to the Two Sicilies, where he remained until 1845. 
 
 Soiiriie, Seiijaniin. — He was a native of Bris- 
 tol, Rhode Island, and was born about the year 1755, 
 and educated at Harvard College, where he graduated 
 in 1773. He was conspicuous for talents and learning, 
 and spent a large part of his life in public and honor- 
 able employments. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Rhode Island from 1790 to 1796, when he 
 resigned, and was appointed Judge of the United 
 States District Court of Rhode Island. He died Sep- 
 tember 17, 1808. 
 
 Hoiirne, Sheet rjastih. — He was a graduate of 
 Harvard College in 1764 ; was Chief Justice of the 
 Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, Massa- 
 chusetts ; and a Representative in Congress from 1791 
 to 1795. He died in 1806. 
 
 Soilfwell, Cfeorr/c S. — He was born in Brook- 
 line, Norfolk Count_y, Massachusetts, January 28, 
 1818. When a boy lie had some experience in farm- 
 ing ; was in the mercantile business, as apprentice, 
 clerk, and proprietor, for twenty years ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar somewhat late in life ; served 
 seven years in the Massachusetts Legislature, be- 
 tween the years 1842 and 1850 ; was a member of the 
 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853, and 
 also of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; was a Bank Com- 
 missioner in 1849 and 1850 ; was Governor of Massa- 
 chusetts in 1851 and 1853 ; Secretary of the Massa- 
 chusetts Board of Education for five years ; member 
 for six years of the Board of Overseers of Harvard 
 College ; and was the first Commissioner of Internal 
 Revenue from July, 1862, to March, 1863. In 1862 he 
 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary 
 Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Recon- 
 struction, on a Bureau of Education and Free Schools 
 in the District of Columbia ; was a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and 
 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his 
 old Committees. A volume of his " Sjjeeches and 
 Papers " was published in 1867 ; and in 1868 he was 
 one of the Managers in the Impeachment Trial of 
 Andrew Johnson. In March, 1869, he became Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury, where he remained until March, 
 1873, when he entered the United States Senate for 
 the tei'm ending in 1877. 
 
 Bovee. Matthias <7. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Exjienditures in the War Department. 
 
 Jiowden, Lemuel J, — Was born in the North 
 Neck of Virginia, in 1812 ; graduated at William 
 and Mary College ; was a lawyer by profession ; 
 served three sessions in the Virginia Legislature ; 
 was a member of the Convention for amending the 
 State Constitution, in 1849 ; also of the Convention for 
 the same purpose in 1851 ; was Presidential Elector 
 in 1861 ; and suffered much in his estate, from the 
 rebel armies, during the early part of the Rebellion. 
 "\\Tiile our troops were at Williamsburg, he did much 
 for the comfort of our officers and men ; and in 1863 
 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Virginia, 
 but died in Washington City, January 2, 1864. In the 
 Senate, he served ou the Committees on Pensions and 
 Post Olfices and Post Roads. 
 
 Sowdoin, James. — Was born in Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, August 8, 1727 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1745 ; in 1753, he was a member of the 
 General Court ; in 1756 was State Senator and Coun- 
 cilor. In 1769, he was removed by the Governor 
 from the position of Councilor, for his opposition to 
 the royal government, and was at once elected Repre- 
 sentative. He was chosen Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress, in 1774, but was prevented by illness from 
 attending. In 1778 was President of the Convention 
 for forming a Constitution, and in 1785 and 1786 was 
 Governor of Massachusetts ; in 1788 was a member of 
 the Convention wliich adopted the Federal Constitu- 
 tion. WhUe Governor, he suppressed the ' ' Shays' 
 Rebellion." Was one of the founders of and first 
 President of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, from 
 1780 till his death, and bequeathed to it his valuable 
 library. Aided in founding the Massachusetts Hu- 
 mane Society, and was a benefactor of Harvard Col- 
 lege. He contributed to the "Pietas et Gratulatis," 
 on the accession of George III. ; and was the author 
 of a volume of poems, published in Boston in 1759 ; 
 in 1785 was made LL.D. by the Univei-sity of Edin- 
 burgh, and died in Boston, November 6, 1790. 
 
 Soicdon, Franldln W, — Born in Alab.ima, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1846 to 
 1851 from liis native State. In 1852 he removed to 
 Texas, and engaged in the practice of the law. He 
 died at Henderson, Texas, June 6, 1857. 
 
 Boiren, Christopher Columbas. — Born in 
 Rhode Island, January 3, 1832 ; removed to Georgia 
 in 1850, and ado|)ted the profession of law ; settled in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, in 1862 ; was a Delegate 
 to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; and 
 was elected a Rejjresentative from South Carolina to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee ou 
 Freedmen's Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Freedmen's 
 Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He was subsequently 
 elected Sheriff of the City of Charleston, South Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 Boweil. John JI. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Ii04vett. Sees T. — He was born in Tazewell 
 County, Virginia, January 10, 1809 ; received an 
 academic education ; was farmer and grazier ; a Rep- 
 resentative in the Legislature of Virginia in 1863 and 
 1864 ; a magistrate for several years prior to the war ; 
 and the Presiding Justice of the County Court a por- 
 tion of the time ; and was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 Sower, Gustavus H, — He was born in Virginia, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AXXALS. 
 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from IS-tJ to 1845. from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Solvers, John M. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1813 to 1814. 
 
 Botvie, Oden. — He was bom in Prince George 
 County, Maryland, November 10, 1826 ; educated at 
 St. Slarv's College, Baltimore ; his occupation was 
 that of a farmer ; was a Captain in the Mexican War ; 
 frequently served in the Assembly and Senate of the 
 State ; was Governor of Maryland from 1807 to 1871 ; 
 J'resident of the Baltimore and Potomac Railway 
 Company from the time of its construction to the 
 present time ; and he is also President of the Balti- 
 more City Passenger Railway Company. 
 
 Boific, Hichard I. — He was born in George- 
 town, District of Columbia, June 23, 1807. He re- 
 ceived a classical education, and was admitted to the 
 bar in his nineteenth year, and, subsequently, to 
 practice in the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 In 18o6 and 1837 he was elected to the Legislature of 
 Maryland ; in 1840 he was a Delegate to the Harris- 
 burg Convention, called to nominate a President ; 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from 1840 to 
 1853. It is claimed by his friends that he made the 
 first speech in the House of Representatives on the 
 Comjjromise measures of 1850. 
 
 Jioifie, Itohert. — Was Governor of Maryland 
 from 1803 to 1805, and from 1811 to 1812 ; was" Cap- 
 tain in the Second Battalion of the Maryland Flying 
 Artillery in 1776. He was a native of Maryland, a man 
 of education, and, to a limited extent, participated in 
 political affairs. Died in Maryland. 
 
 Howie, Tho))ta>t F. — Bom at Queen Anne, Prince 
 George County, Maryland, April 7, 1808 ; graduated 
 in 1837 at Union College, New York ; adopted the 
 profession of lavr ; served as Deputy Attorney-Gen- 
 eral for Prince George County sixteen years ; served 
 three terms in the Legislature of Maryland, and was 
 elected a Representative from Maryland in the Thir- 
 ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was a 
 member of the Committee on the District of Colum- 
 bia. Died at Marlborough, Marvland, October 30, 
 1869. 
 
 Bowie, Waltet', — He was born in Maryland ; 
 was a member of the Maryland Convention of 1776 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1803 to 1805. 
 
 Bowler, Metcalf. — He was a Delegate from 
 Rhode Island to the Colonial Congress of 1765, held 
 in New York. 
 
 Bowl ill, Jf lines B. — Bom in Spottsylvania 
 County, Virginia, in 1804. He was reared a mechan- 
 ic, but obtained a common-school education ; and, 
 after studying law, was admitted to the bar, in Green- 
 brier County, in 1827. In 1833 he removed to St. 
 Louis, Missouri ; in 1834 was appointed Chief Clerk 
 of the State House of Representatives, and in 1835 
 was elected a member of the Legislature. In 1837 
 he was made District Attorney for St. Louis ; soon 
 after Attorney foj the Bank of St. Louis ; in 1839 he 
 was elected Judge of the Criminal Court ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1843 
 to 1851. In 1854 he was appointed Minister Resident 
 to New Granada ; and in 1858 he was appointed, by 
 President Buchanan, Commissioner to Paraguay. 
 
 Boirman. George W. — He was elected in 1860 
 Government Printer for the United States Senate. 
 
 Bowiie, Ohadiah. — He was bom in New York, 
 
 Bowne, Samuel S. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1834, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. In 1857 
 he was Judge of Otsego County, and held various 
 other positions of trust and honor, among them that 
 of Deputy Collector of New York city. Died in Ot- 
 sego County, July 15, 1865, aged seventy years. 
 
 Boi/ce, Hen ri/. — He was a Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court of Louisiana for many years, and died at 
 Colibe, in that State, March 1, 1874, in the seventy- 
 fifth year of his age. 
 
 Boi/ce, iViUiam W. — Bom in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, October 24, 1819, and was educated at the 
 South Carolina College and Virginia University. He 
 adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the 
 Legislature of South Carolina in 1842, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1853 to December, 1860, 
 when he resigned. He took part in the Rebellion as 
 a member of the " Confederate " Congress. His tastes 
 are of a literary character, and he is said to be a hard 
 student. When re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, he served as a member of the Committee on 
 Elections, and at the time of his leaving Congress he 
 was a member of the Committee of Thirty-three on 
 the Rebellious States. He subsequently settled in 
 Washington City, in the practice of his profession. 
 
 Boi/d, Adam. — He was a Representative In Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1803 to 1805, and again 
 from 1808 to 1813. He was an active supporter of 
 the Revolution, and a man of strong natural abUitj-. 
 He died in Hackensack, New Jersey, at an advanced 
 age. 
 
 Boyd, Alexander, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Boyd, Joli II H. — He was bom in New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1853. He was a member, in 1840, of the 
 State Assembly from Washington County. Died at 
 Whitehall, New York, July 2, 1868. 
 
 Boyd, Linn. — Was born in Nashville, Tennes- 
 see, November 22, 1800. His early advantages were 
 limited, but on arriving at man's estate he removed 
 to Kentucky, entered into politics, and in 1827 was 
 elected to the Legislature of that State, from Callo- 
 way County, serving three sessions, and in 1831 was 
 re-elected for another session from Trigg County. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 
 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847, and again from 1847 
 to 1855. He was Chairman of the Committee on Ter- 
 ritories during the Thirty-first Congress, and during 
 the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses occu- 
 pied the chair of Speaker of the House of Represent- 
 atives. He also served one term as Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor of Kentucky. During his career in Congress 
 he labored faithfully and constantly for his constitu- 
 ents, and retired to private life with a high reputa- 
 tion. Died in Paducah, Kentucky, December 16, 
 1859. 
 
 Boyd, Sempronius H. — He was bom in Wil- 
 liamson County, Tennessee, May 28, 1828 ; received 
 a good English education ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; in 1861 raised a regiment for the war and be- 
 came its conmiander, the same having acquired repu- 
 tation as the " Lyon Legion ;" and in 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian 
 Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Un- 
 finished Business. Subsequently resumed the prac- 
 
44 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tioe of his profession. Re-elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee 
 on Revolutionary Claims.. 
 
 Boj/den, Nathnniel. — Born in Franklin Town- 
 ship, Massachusetts, August 16, 1796 ; he graduated 
 at Union College, New York, in 1830 ; in 1831 re- 
 moved to North Carolina ; there he taught school, 
 studied law, and was elected a number of times to 
 the State Legislature. He was in Congress as a Rep- 
 resentative from North Carolina from 1847 to 1849, 
 and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures 
 in the Navy Department ; he declined a re-election 
 for the purpose of devoting his whole attention to the 
 practice of his profession. In 1868 he was re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Ventilation and Laws. 
 
 Soi/er, Beiljainiil, M, — He was born in Mont- 
 gomery County, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1833 ; 
 graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841 ; 
 studied law and adopted that profession ; was Dis- 
 trict Attorney for his native county from 1848 to 18.50 ; 
 and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania 
 to the Tliirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Revolutionary Pensions, the Militia, the War 
 Debts of Loyal States, and the New Orleans Riots. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Comjnittee on Military Affairs. Was a Delegate to 
 the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Boi/Te, •John. — He was born in Kentucky, liber- 
 ally educated, and a lawyer by profession. He was a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, also Chief 
 Justice of the State ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1809, when he was 
 appointed Governor of Illinois Territory. He was a 
 distinguished and successful lawyer and able Judge, 
 and died in Kentucky, January 28, 1834. During the 
 eight years immediately preceding his death, he was 
 Judge of the United States District Court for Ken- 
 tucky, having been appointed by President Adams. 
 
 Bojile, 'John W. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and removed to Dakota, where he was appointed an 
 Assistant Justice of the United States Court for that 
 Territory, residing at Yankton. 
 
 Brahsoti, Reese B. — Born In Tennessee, and 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Invalid Pensions. Died in Tennessee, in Septem- 
 ber, 1863. 
 
 Brace, Jonathnn, — He was born in Harrington, 
 Connecticut, November 13, 1754, and died at Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, August 36, 1837. He was a gradu- 
 ate of Yale College in 1779; and was elected a Judge 
 of Probate, Chief Judge of the Hartford County 
 Court, and a Representative in Congress from 1798 
 to 1800. He was also frequently in the State Legis- 
 lature, at one time State Attorney for Hartford 
 County, and for nine years Mayor of Hartford. 
 
 Brackenridge, Henrij M. — Born in Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1786 ; was admitted to 
 the bar at the age of twenty, and began to practice 
 in Somerset, Maryland. He descended the Missis- 
 sippi River in 1811, and received the appointment of 
 Deputy Attorney-General for the Territory of Orleans; 
 was made District Judge at the age of twenty-three ; 
 and during the War of 1812 he furnished important 
 information to the Government, and afterwards wrote 
 a History of the War, which was translated into French 
 and Italian. He advocated the independence of the 
 South American Republics ; wrote a pamphlet ad- 
 dressed to President Monroe, which was re-published 
 in England and France, and was replied to by the 
 
 Spanish Minister, as it was supposed to express the 
 views of the American Government. He was a Com- 
 missioner to the South American Repuljlics from 1817 
 to 1819, and published " Voyage to South America" 
 on his return. In 1831 he went to Florida with Gen- 
 eral Jackson, and was made Alcalde of Peusacola ; 
 was then appointed Judge of the Western District, 
 which otBce he held ten years. He removed to Pitts- 
 l5urg in 1833, and in 1841 was a Commissioner under 
 the treaty with Mexico. In 1834 he published 
 " Recollections of Persons and Places in the West ;" 
 in 1847 a series of letters in favor of the Mexican 
 War ; and in 18.59 a " History of the Western Insur- 
 rection ; " he is also the author of a "Journal of a 
 Voyage up the Missouri River." Died in Pittsburg, 
 January 18, 1871. 
 
 Bfadbufjf, George. — Was born in Portland, 
 then called Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1770. He 
 graduated at Harvard College in 1789, and immedi- 
 ately commenced tlie study of law. He established 
 himself in the practice at Portland, now Maine. 
 From 1806 to 1810 he was a member of the State 
 Legislature, and also in 1811 and 1813. In 1813 he 
 was chosen to represent the Cumberland District, 
 Massachusetts, in Congress, as successor to William 
 Widgery, whose vote on and support of war meas- 
 ures rendered him unpopular with his constituents. 
 Mr. Bradbury received the approbation of a second 
 election in 1814. After this service he returned to 
 his profession, which lie pursued to the time of his 
 death, which took place in Portland, November 7, 
 1833, having been Associate Clerk of a Court in Port- 
 land from 1817 to 1830, and a State Senator in 1833. 
 
 Bradburi/, tTames W. — He was born in Maine, 
 in 1803 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1835 ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was a County Attor- 
 ney from 1834 to 1838 ; a Presidential Elector in 1844; 
 and was a Senator in Congress from Maine from 1847 
 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Printing. 
 
 Bradbunj, T/ieophilits. — Was born in that 
 portion of Newbury now Newburyport, in 1739. Hav- 
 ing graduated at Harvard University at the age of 
 eighteen, he then studied law, and practiced in Fal- 
 mouth, Maine, until 1779, when he returned to his 
 native town. After filling several local offices, he 
 was chosen to represent the Essex District in Con- 
 gress from 1795 to 1797, when he resigned. He was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1801. About six years be- 
 fore his death, which occurred September 6, 1803, he 
 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 Bradford, Allen A. — He was born in Friend- 
 ship, Lincoln County, Maine, July 33, 1815 ; spent his 
 boyhood on a farm, and received a common-school and 
 academical education ; emigrated to Missouri in 1841, 
 where he studied law, and came to the bar in 1843 ; and 
 in 1845 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of At- 
 chison County, which office he held for five years. In 
 1851 he removed to Iowa, and in 1853 he was appointed 
 Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of that State, 
 which he resigned in 1855. During the latter year 
 he removed to the Territory of Nebraska, and was a 
 member of the Legislative Council of the Territory in 
 1856, 1857, and 1858. In 1800 he settled in Colorado, 
 and was appointed, in 1863, Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of that Territory, whicli position he held until 
 elected a Delegate from Colorado to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress. He was a member of the National Com- 
 mittee appointed to accom])any the remains of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln to Uliuois. Re-elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress. 
 
 Bradford, Augustus W, — He was born in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 45 
 
 Maryland, and in 1863 lie was elected Governor of 
 that State, serving as such until 1866. 
 
 Sradford, Edward G. — He was born in Mary- 
 land, and after adopting the profe.ssion of law, settled 
 at Wilmington, Delaware ; and in ly71 was appointed 
 United States Judge for the District of Delaware. 
 
 Bradford, Taid.— Bom at Mardisville, Talla- 
 dega County, Alabama, January 20, 183.5 ; attended 
 school there, and in De Kall> County ; entered the 
 University of Alabama at the age of sixteen, and grad- 
 uated there at the age of nineteen, and has practiced 
 law since the age of twenty, excepting during the 
 civil war, when he served in the Confederate Army. 
 In 1871 was elected to the Alabama Legislature, and 
 served two sessions. In 1874 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Sradford, William. — Was bom at Plympton, 
 Massachusetts, November 4. 1739. He studied medi- 
 cine, and established himself in practice at Warren, 
 Rhode Island, but afterwards removed to Bristol. He 
 then turned his attention to the law, and became one 
 of the mo.st distinguished ciNilians of that State. He 
 took an active part in the cause of his country during 
 the Revolution, and afterwards held many important 
 stations. He was Lieutenant-Governor of the State, 
 and a member of the United States Senate from 
 Rhode Island, from 1793 to 1797, when he resigned. 
 He was President pro tern, of the Senate during a 
 part of the Fifth Congress. He died July 6, 1808. 
 
 Bradford, It'ilUam, — Born in Philadelphia, 
 September 14, 175.5 ; graduated at Princeton in 1773, 
 with a high reputation for talents ; he was engaged 
 in the study of law at the outbreak of the Revolution, 
 but entered the army as Major of Brigade to General 
 Roberdeau ; he next commanded a company of regu- 
 lar troops under Colonel Hampton ; he was then ap- 
 pointed Deputy Muster-Master-General, with the rank 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel, which office ill health com- 
 pelled him to resign after serving two j'ears ; he re- 
 turned to the study of law, and in 1779 was admitted 
 to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ; in 
 August, 1790, he was appointed Attorney-General of 
 the State ; in 1791 was commissioned as Judge of the 
 Supreme Court, which office he held until 1794, when 
 he was appointed Attorney-General of the United 
 States; in 1793 he ijublished an "Inquiry how far 
 the Punishment of Death is Necessary in Pennsyl- 
 vania," with notes and illustrations ; and, in the 
 earlier periods of his life, some of his poetical pro- 
 ductions were published in the Philadelphia Magazine. 
 He died August 23, 1795. 
 
 Bradletf, Abraham, Jr. — He was born in Con- 
 necticut, and appointed Assistant Postmaster-General 
 in 1817, holding the office about one year. 
 
 Bradley, Edtcard, — He was bom in East 
 Bloomfield," Ontario County, New York, in April, 
 1808 ; spent his boyhood on a farm ; when twenty- 
 eight years of age he was appointed Associate Judge 
 of the Common Pleas of that county ; in 1839 he re- 
 moved to Michigan and engaged in the practice of 
 law ; in 1843 he was elected to the Senate of Michi- 
 gan ; and was a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirtieth Congress. He died in New York city, 
 while on a tour for the benefit of his health, August 
 5, 1847. 
 
 Bradley, James. — He was a resident of Indi- 
 ana, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Nebraska. 
 
 Bradley, Joseph F. — He was bom in Berne, 
 
 Albany County, New York, March 14, 1813 ; at the 
 age of sixteen he taught school ; graduated at Rut- 
 gers College, New Jersey, in 1836 ; taught an academy 
 at Millstone; studied law, and came to the bar of that 
 State in 1839 ; and practiced the profession at Newark 
 from the time of his admission until his appointment 
 as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, March 31, 1870. He never took much 
 part in politics ; was, however, a Presidential Elector 
 in 1868 ; was formerly a Whig, but became a moderate 
 Republican ; and although he was never identified 
 with the anti-slavery movement, he zealously sup- 
 ported the Government during the Rebellion. His 
 grandfather served as an officer in the Revolutionary 
 War, and his father in the War of 1813. 
 
 Bradley, Leivis if. — He was born in Osage 
 County, Virginia, February 18, 1805 ; received a good 
 common-school education ; emigrated to Missouri in 
 1845, and settled in Howard County ; in 1852 he re- 
 moved to California and settled in San Francisco ; in 
 1800 he was elfcted to the State Legislature ; in 1866 
 he removed to Nevada ; in 1870 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of that State, and re-elected in 1874 by a greatly 
 increased majority. 
 
 Bradley, Nathan B. — He was bom in Lee, 
 
 Berkshire County, Massachusetts, May 28, 1831 ; re- 
 moved to Lorain County, Ohio, in 1835, and settled on 
 a farm ; apprenticed himself to learn the trade of a 
 clothier, and served the term of three years ; at the 
 age of nineteen went to Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and spent 
 a year in the employ of lumber manufacturers ; re- 
 turned to Ohio, then went back to Michigan to engage 
 in his vocation of manufacturing lumber ; was elected 
 a Justice of the Peace three terms, a Supervisor one 
 term, an Alderman three terms, and was the first 
 Mayor of Bay City, declining a re-nomination ; was a 
 candidate for the Lower House of the Legislature ; 
 elected to the State Senate in 1866, but declined a re- 
 nomination ; and was elected to the Forty-third and 
 Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on 
 Public Lands. 
 
 Bradley, Phineas, — He was bom in Connecti- 
 cut, and in 1818 he was appointed an Assistant Post- 
 master-General. 
 
 Bradley, Stephen Boe. — He was bom in Wal- 
 
 lingford, Connecticut, February 20, 1754, and gradua- 
 ted at Yale College in 1775. He was a General of 
 Militia, the intimate 'friend of General Ethan Allen, 
 and the Aid of General Wooster, when that officer fell 
 in a skirmish with the enemy. He was a lawyer by 
 profession, and the first Senator from Vermont in the 
 Congress of the United States, serving from 1791 to 
 
 1795, and from 1801 to 1813 ; a man of eminent ability, 
 but of eccentric habits ; and died in New Hampshire, 
 December 9, 1830. During a part of the Seventh 
 and Tenth Congresses he officiated as President pro 
 tern, of the Senate. 
 
 Bradley, William C. — Bom at Westminster, 
 Vermont, March 23, 1782. He entered Yale College, 
 and was compelled to leave when a freshman, in 
 
 1796, and yet, in 1817, the Corporation of the Institu- 
 tion surprised him with the degree of M.A. He 
 studied law with his father, Stephen R. Bradley, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1803. The public positions 
 held by him are as follows: From 1800 to 1803, Sec- 
 retary of Commissioners of Bankruptcy ; from 1804 
 to 18'll, State's- Attorney for Windham County, and 
 part of this period Clerk of Westminster ; in 1806 to 
 1807, Representative in the State Legislature ; in 
 1813, member of the State Council ; a Representative 
 in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; from 1817 to 1833, 
 agent of the United States under the Treaty of Ghent; 
 again in Congress from 1833 to 1837 ; in 1850 again in 
 
46 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 the State Legislature ; in 1856 a Presidential Elector; 
 in 1857 a member of the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion ; and in 1858 took formal leave of the bar, at 
 which he had practiced for fifty-four years, confer- 
 ring honor upon his native State and winning a spot- 
 less reputation as a man. Died at Westminster, Ver- 
 mont, March 3, 1867. 
 
 Brailshati', Samuel C. — He was born in Plum- 
 stead Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, June 
 10, 180fl ; received a common-school education ; stud- 
 ied medicine, and graduated at the Pennsylvania 
 Medical College in 1833 ; and was a Representative 
 from his native State to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 lirafll/, Jasper E. — He was born in New .ler- 
 sey, and was a Representative m Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently 
 settled in tlie practice of the law at Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, and afterwards in Washington City ; 
 was long a cleric in one of the departments. Died in 
 Washington, January 33, 1870. 
 
 Hi'affH, >Toh II. — He was bom in North Carolina, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Hi'flffff' Thorn an. — Born in Warrenton, Warren 
 County, North Carolina, November 9, 1810 ; was 
 chiefly educated at the Military Academy at Middle- 
 town, Connecticut ; studied law, and commenced prac- 
 tice in 1831 ; in 1842 was elected to the Assembly of 
 his State ; in 1853 was a Presidential Elector ; was 
 Governor of North Carolina for two terms, from 1855 
 to 1859 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress for the 
 term commencing in 1859, serving on the Committees 
 on Public Lands and Claims. Expelled from the Sen- 
 ate in July, 1861, having previously taken part in 
 the Rebellion as Attorney-General of the so-called 
 Confederate States. Died in Raleigh, January 31, 
 1872. 
 
 Braitierd, Laivrence. — He was a Senator in 
 Congress from Vermont, during the session of 1854 and 
 1855, for the unexpired term of William Upham, de- 
 ceased. He was for many years a leading business 
 man in the town of St. Albans. 
 
 Brainleffe, Thomas E. — Born in Cumberland 
 County, Kentucky, January 3, 1817 ; admitted to the 
 bar in 1837 ; was a member of the Legislature in 
 1841 ; appointed Attorney for the Commonwealth in 
 1848 ; resigned tliis position in two years, and resumed 
 the practice of law ; in 1856 was elected Judge of the 
 Sixth Judicial District ; in 1861 resigned this office to 
 enter the Federal army as Colonel of the Third Ken- 
 tucky Infantry ; was appointed United States District 
 Attorney, and resigned to accept the nomination for 
 Governor ; was elected in 1863 for four years ; after- 
 wards removed to Louisville, and, in 1873, was one 
 of the most successful lawyers in that city. 
 
 Branch, >Tolin. — Born in Halifax County, North 
 Carolina. November 4, 1783 ; graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Nortli Carolina in 1801 ; studied and prac- 
 ticed law ; in 1811 was elected a State Senator ; re- 
 elected every year until 1817 ; was then elected Gov- 
 ernor of the State ; again entered the State Senate in 
 1823 ; served in the United States Senate from 1833 
 to 1839 ; and was in the latter year appointed Secre- 
 tary of the Navy, by President Jackson. On his re- 
 turn home from Washington, in 1831, he was elected 
 to a seat in Congress as Representative from North 
 Carolina; in 18.34 he was again elected to the State 
 Senate ; in 1835 elected a member of the Convention 
 to revise the State Constitution ; and. in 1843, was 
 appointed Governor of the Territory of Florida ; after 
 which he retired to private life, to enjoy in peace the 
 
 love and respect of his many friends. Died at Enfield, 
 North Carolina, January 4, 1863. 
 
 Branch, Lawrence O'Brien. — Bom in North 
 Carolina in 1830 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1838 ; was a lawyer l5y profession ; and was elected 
 a Representative from North Carolina to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and 
 Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the 
 Committees on Territories and on Foreign Affairs. 
 He toolc part in the Great Rebellion as a General, and 
 was killed at the battle of Sharpsburg, September 17, 
 1863. 
 
 Branflebnri/, L. G. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was appointed from that State Chief Jus- 
 tice of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Utah, residing in Salt Lake City. 
 
 Brandcffee, Anf/iisfiis. — He was bom in New 
 London, Connecticut, July 15, 1838 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1849, and at the Yale Law School in 
 1851 ; adopted the profession of law ; was elected in 
 1854, 1858, 1859, and 1861, a member of the Con- 
 necticut Legislature, having been chosen Spealier in 
 the latter year ; in 1861 he was a Presidential Elector, 
 and was elected a Representative from Connecticut to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures on 
 Public Buildings, and also as Chairman of a Special 
 Committee on the Air-line Railroad from Washington 
 to New York. He was also a Delegate to the Balti- 
 more Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval 
 Affairs, Revolutionary Pensions, and the Postal Rail- 
 road to New York. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Loj'alists' Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Brandon, George €. — He was Governor of 
 Mississippi from 1837 to 1831. 
 
 Braxton, Carter, — Bom on the Mattapony 
 River, Virginia, September 10, 1736 ; graduated at the 
 College of William and Mary ; inheriting a large for- 
 tune, he spent three years in England ; in 1760 he 
 was elected to the House of Burgesses, in which he 
 was conspicuous ; was Sheriff of King and Queen 
 County for a time ; on the commencement of the war 
 he was a member of the Committee of Safety ; was a 
 Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in 
 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; 
 after that service, frequently served in the Virginia 
 Legislature ; and. having lost his large property hj 
 the war, was subsequently greatly perplexed in his 
 financial circumstances. Died at Richmond, Virginia, 
 of paralysis, October 10, 1797. 
 
 Bra.rfon, Elliott W. — Was bom in Matthews 
 County, Virginia, October 8, 1833 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; adopted the profession of law; 
 was elected to the State Senate in 1851 and re-elected 
 in 1853 ; was elected to the Common Council of Fred- 
 ericksburg in 1866 ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on one or two committees. 
 
 Brai/fon, Williani JD. — He was bom in War- 
 wick, Kent County, Rhode Island, November 6, 1815. 
 He was educated at Brown University, and, ill-health 
 preventing him from followinga sedentary profession, 
 he entered into active mercantile pursuits ; he held 
 the position, for some time, of Town Clerk ; was 
 elected, in 1841, to the State Assembly, serving two 
 terms ; after serving for two years in the Town Coun- 
 cils, part of the time as President, he was, in 1848, 
 elected to the State Senate ; again elected to the State 
 Assembly in 1831 ; elected a second time to the Sen- 
 ate in 1855 ; was Presidential Elector in 1856, and was 
 elected a member from Rhode Island of the Thirty- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Patents, and as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. In 
 1864 he was Collector of Internal Revenue iu War- 
 wick, Rhode Island. 
 
 Srearlif, David. — He was Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in the Revolutionary Army and a brave officer ; a 
 member of the State and Federal Constitutional Con- 
 ventions of New Jersey ; and Chief .Justice in that 
 State for nine years; in 1789 he was appointed United 
 States Judge for the District of New Jersey. Died 
 in Trenton, New Jersey, August 16, 1790, aged forty- 
 four. 
 
 Srenthitt, John, — Born near New Loudon, Vir- 
 ginia, September 9, 1786 ; removed with his father to 
 Logan County in 1800 ; was surveyor and school- 
 teacher, afterwards studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1810 ; was several years in the Legislature; 
 was Lieutenant-Governor from 1828 to 18!i3 ; and 
 Governor from 1833 to 1834, and was a warm sup- 
 porter of Jackson for the Presidency. Died at Frank- 
 fort, Kentucky, February 31, 1834. 
 
 Brech, Daniel. — He was bom near Boston, 
 Massachusetts, in 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1813 ; he studied law, and removed to Ken- 
 tucky in 1814 ; soon after commenced the practice of 
 his profession there. His first public position in 
 Kentucky was that of Judge of a County Court ; in 
 1834 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re- 
 elected for five years ; from 183.5 until 1843 he was 
 President of the Branch Bank of Kentucky at Rich- 
 mond ; in 1840 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1843 
 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Ken- 
 tucky ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Kentucky from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of 
 the Committee on Manufactures. The degree of 
 LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Transylvania 
 University in 1843, and he has attained the title of 
 Colonel in the Militia service. After leaving Con- 
 gress he resumed the ofBce of Bank President. 
 
 Brecit, Samtiel. — He was born in Boston, July 
 17, 1771 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835, and died in Phila- 
 delphia, September 1, 1863. 
 
 BrerlkCnriilcie. 'Tames. — Born near Fincastle, 
 Botetourt County, Virginia, March 7, 1763 ; gradu- 
 ated at William and Mary College in 1785 ; was a 
 lawyer by profession. In 1781 he was a soldier in 
 Colonel Preston's Rifle Regiment under General 
 Greene ; was admitted to the bar in 1787, and became 
 a successful lawyer ; was a prominent leader of the 
 old Federal party in the General Assembly of the 
 State, and a member of the United States Congress 
 from 1809 to 1817. Was one of the originators of the 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and, with Mr. Jefferson, 
 a founder of the University of Virginia. He died at 
 Fincastle, August, 1846. 
 
 Breekinridffe, James D. — He was bom in 
 
 Jefferson County, Kentucky, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833. 
 He died at Louisville, May, 1849. 
 
 Brechin ridge, John. — Was a Virginian by 
 birth, and the author and advocate of the celebrated 
 " Resolutions of 1798-'99" iu the Legislature of that 
 State. Emigrating to Kentucky, he was elected 
 United States Senator in 1801, and was appointed At- 
 torney-General of the United States, by President Jef- 
 ferson, in January, 1805, holding that office until Jan- 
 uary, 1806. One of his sons, Robert I. Breckinridge, is 
 a distinguished Presbyterian divine ; another, John 
 Cabell Breckinridge, was an eminent lawyer and the 
 
 father of Vice-President Breckinridge. He died at 
 Lexington, Kentucky, December 14, 1806. 
 
 Breekinridffe, John C. — He was born near 
 Lexington, Kentucky. January 10, 1831 ; was educa- 
 ted at Centre College. Kentucky ; spent a few months 
 at Princeton ; studied law at the Transylvania Insti- 
 tute, and was admitted to the bar at Lexington. He 
 emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, where he remained for 
 a time, but returned to Lexington, where he contin- 
 ued to reside, and when not engaged in public duties 
 practiced his profession \vith success. He served 
 as a Major of Infantry during the war with Mexico, 
 and while in that country distinguished himself as 
 the counsel of Major-General Pillow during the fa- 
 mous court-martial. On his return from Mexico he 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative iu Congress from the Ashland District 
 from 1851 to 1855. During his administration. Pres- 
 ident Pierce tendered to him the mission to Spain ; 
 but family affairs compelled him to decline the honor. 
 He was elected Vice-President of the United States 
 in 1856, on the ticket with James Buchanan, and en- 
 tered upon the duties of his office in March, 1857, as 
 President of the United States Senate. In 1861 he 
 went into the Senate as the successor of Mr. Critten 
 den. In 1800 he was nominated by the Southern 
 Democratic party as their candidate for President, 
 but was defeated. He was expelled from the 
 Senate on December 4, 1861 ; and took part in the 
 Great Rebellion as a General. He died at Lexington, 
 Kentucky, May 17, 1875, leaving, as a man, a spot- 
 less reputation. The compiler of this volume has 
 special reasons for respecting his memory, because 
 of his personal assistance in preparing the Introduc- 
 tion to the First Edition of the Dictionary of Con- 
 gress, in 1859, and in which one of the Senator's most 
 eloquent speeches was originally published. 
 
 Breese, Sidney. — He was born in Whitesbor- 
 ough, Oneida County, New York, July 15, 1800. He 
 attended Hamilton College, but graduated at Union 
 College. He removed to Illinois, and, after due prep- 
 aration, and before becoming of age, was admitted 
 to the bar. His first public position was that of Cap- 
 tain of Militia, after which he became Assistant Sec- 
 retary of State under Secretary Kane, and was 
 appointed Postmaster of Ka.'skaskia. In 1833 he was 
 appointed State Attorney, which oflBce he held until 
 1837, when he was appointed Attorney of the United 
 States for Illinois. In 1839 he published a volume of 
 Decisions of the Supreme Court, which now bears his 
 name, and was the first octavo volume published in 
 the State ; he served in the Black Hawk war as a 
 Lieutenant of Volunteers. In 1835 he was elected a 
 Circuit Judge. He was a Senator in Congress from 
 Illinois from 1843 to 1849, and officiated as Chaii-man 
 of the Committee on Public Lands ; he was a Regent 
 of the Smithsonian Institute during President Polk's 
 administration. In 1850 he went into the Illinois 
 Legislature, and was elected Speaker. He was one 
 of the originators of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 
 1855 he was again placed on the Circuit Court bench, 
 and made Chief Judge. Published a work on Illinois 
 in 1869. 
 
 Breuffle, Francis. — He was born in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. Died December 10, 1846. 
 
 Brenf, JRichard. — He was bom in Virginia; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 
 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1803 ; and a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from 1809 to 1814. He clied Decem- 
 ber 30, 1814. 
 
 Brenf, Thomas L. L. — He was a citizen of Vir- 
 ginia ; Secretary of Legation to Portugal in 1833 ; and 
 
48 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 appointed Charge d' Affaires in 1835, remaining in tliat 
 capacity until 1834. 
 
 Srenf, Williarn,, Jr. — He was a citizen of Vir- 
 ginia ; went to Buenos Ayres in 1844 as Charge 
 3' Affaires, and remained there until 1846. 
 
 Brent, XVilliam L. — He was born in Charles 
 County, Marj-land, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Louisiana from 1833 to 182S). Died in 
 July, 1848. 
 
 Brenfon, Sam iiel. — He was a native of Gallatin 
 County, Kentucky; was a Minister of the Gospel from 
 the age of twenty untQ 1848, when, strielien by pa- 
 raly.sis, he resigned, and was appointed Register of 
 the Fort Wayne Land OiBce. He was elected to Con- 
 gress from Indiana in 1851, and again in 1855. He 
 was also President of the Fort Wayne College. He 
 died March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight years. 
 
 Brevard, James, — He was bom in Iredell 
 County, Nortli Carolina, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1819 to 1831. 
 
 Breii'sfer, David P. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Bridf/es, George TT". — Was born in McMinn 
 County, Tennessee, October 9, 1835 ; was educated at 
 the East Tennessee University ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; was Attorney-General of the State in 
 1849 and in 1854, holding the office for eleven years ; 
 held the positions of Bank Attorney and Railroad Di- 
 rector ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; was elect- 
 ed a Representative in Congress from Tennessee in 
 1861, to serve in the Thirty-seventh Congress ; but, 
 being arrested by the " Confederates," during the 
 Rebellion, did not take his seat untU towards the 
 close of the last session. 
 
 Bridges, Samuel A. — He was bom in Colches- 
 ter, Connecticut, January 27, 1802 ; received an aca- 
 demic education, and graduated at Williamstown 
 College in 1836 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1829. In 1830 he removed to Pemisylva- 
 nia ; was for seven years Deputy Attorney-General of 
 the State for Lehigh County ; and he was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1848 to 
 1849, and from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Briggs, Ansel. — He was elected Governor of 
 Iowa in 1846, and remained in the office until 1850. 
 
 Briggs, George. — He was born in Fulton County, 
 New York, in 1805, but removed to Vermont in 1813, 
 to the Legislature of which State he was elected in 
 1837. In 1838 he settled in the city of New York, 
 and for many years devoted himself to the hardware 
 business, by which he amassed a fortune. He repre- 
 sented the city of New York in Congress from 1849 
 to 1853, and in 1858 was elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as Chainnan of the Committee on 
 Revolutionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 
 1866. Died at Saratoga, June 1, 1869. 
 
 Briggs, George N. — He was bom in Adams, 
 Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 13, 1796 ; 
 commenced life by learning the trade of a hatter ; 
 spent one year in an academy ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1831 to 1843, offi- 
 ciating during the Twenty-seventh Congress as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on the Post Office ; and from 
 1844 to 1851 was Governor of Massachusetts. From 
 1853 to 1859 he also held the position of Judge of the 
 
 Court of Common Pleas; having been a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1853, and Register 
 of Deeds from 1824 to 1831. He was a Trustee of 
 Williams College for sixteen years ; a noted advocate 
 of the Temperance Cause ; died in 1861 from the ef- 
 fects of an accident received from a gun ; and an in- 
 teresting biography of him was published in 1866, by 
 Rev. Wm. C. Richards. 
 
 Brigham, Elijah, — He was a native of North- 
 borough, Massachusetts ; a graduate of Dartmouth 
 College in 1778 ; studied law at Harvard ; was a mer- 
 chant by occupation ; held many positions of trust 
 and responsibility ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1816, when he 
 resigned. He died in Washington City, of croup, 
 April 32, 1816, aged sixty-six years. 
 
 Bright, Jesse D, — Born at Norwich, Chenango 
 County, New York, December 18, 1812 ; received an 
 academic education, and studied law as a profession. 
 He was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State Senator, Mar- 
 shal of the United States for the District of Indiana, 
 and Lieutenant-Governor of that State. He was a 
 United States Senator from Indiana from 1845 to 1857, 
 and President of the Senate during several sessions. 
 He was elected for an additional term in 1857, for six 
 years, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public 
 Buildings and Grounds, and a member of the Com- 
 mittees on Finance and the Pacific Railroad. Ex- 
 pelled for alleged disloyalty in February, 1863. He 
 subsequently settled in Kentucky, and was elected to 
 the Senate of that State. Died in Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, May 20, 1875. 
 
 Bright, John Morgan. — Was bom at Fay- 
 
 etteville, Tennessee, January 20, 1817 ; received his 
 early education at Fayetteville, and at Hillsborough, 
 North Carolina ; graduated at Nashville University 
 in 1839, and from Transylvania University in 1841 ; 
 practiced law ; was a member of the Legislature of 
 Tennessee in 1847 to 1848 ; was elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty- 
 third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Private Land Claims. In December, 
 1875, lie was appointed Chairman of the Committee 
 on Claims. 
 
 Brinkerhoff, Henri/ B, — He was bom ia 
 
 Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788, and emigrated 
 at an early period to New York. During the last war 
 with England he served in command of a volunteer 
 company, and distinguished himself at the battle of 
 Queenstown. He was twice elected to the New York 
 Legislature, and for many years held the office of 
 Major-General of the New York Militia. In 1837 he 
 removed to Ohio, and was elected to Congress, as 
 Representative from that State, in 1843, but died be- 
 fore the expiration of his term, in Huron County, 
 Ohio, April 30, 1844. 
 
 B ri n Jeer Ji off, Jaeoh. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Ohio from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Bristol, If'arren. — Born in New York ; settled 
 in Minnesota ; and in 1873 he was appointed an As- 
 sociate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory 
 of New Mexico. 
 
 Bristol, William. — He was bom in Hamden, 
 Connecticut, in 1779 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1798 ; studied law, and was for many years a distin- 
 guished member of the New Haven bar ; was Judge 
 of the United States District Court for the State of 
 Connecticut ; and was a member of the Superior 
 C^ourt of that State from 1819 to 1836. He died at 
 New Haven, March 7, 1836. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 49 
 
 JBrisfoir, licujnmin H, — He was born in 
 Elkton, Todd Count}-, Kentucky, June 20, 1833 ; grad- 
 uated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1851 ; 
 studied law, and began practice at Klkton in 1853 ; 
 removed to Hopkinsville in 1858, and continued his 
 profession there ; in 1861 he entered the army as 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twenty-fifth Kentucky 
 Infantry, and subsequently commanded the Eighth 
 Kentucky Cavalry. While serving in the field, he 
 was elected to the State Senate for four years, but 
 resigned at the end of two years, and resumed his 
 profession in Louisville ; in 1866 he was appointed 
 United States District Attorney for the District of 
 Kentucky, and resigned in 1870 ; in October, 1870, he 
 was appointed Solicitor-General of the United States, 
 and resigned in the autumn of 1872 ; and he was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of the Treasury, June 3, 1874, and 
 is still at the head of that important Department. 
 The press of the country has frequently mentioned 
 his name in connection with the oiEce of President of 
 the United States. 
 
 Sri St oil', Francis M, — Bom near Nicholas- 
 
 ville. Jessamine County, Kentucky, August 11, 1804 ; 
 received a good English education ; studied law, but 
 divided his time between that profession and farm- 
 ing ; in 1831 and 1833 he was elected to the Kentucky 
 Legislature ; in 1846 to the State Senate ; in 1849 was 
 a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; In 
 1854 was elected a Representative in Congress for the 
 unexpired term of Presley Emng ; and in 1859 was 
 elected a Representative from Kentucky to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congi-ess, serving on the Commitee on 
 Agriculture and the Special Committee of Thirty- 
 three. Died at Elkton, Kentucky, June 10, 1864. 
 
 Broddheail, John C. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833, and 
 again from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Brochiis, Perrif E. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Utali, and in 1830 he was appointed a United 
 States Jud^e for that Territory, and subsequently 
 resided in Washington City. He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, but appointed from Alabama. 
 
 Srorkcnbronf/Ji , >T. IV. — He was a native of 
 Virginia and appointed a Judge of the United States 
 District Court for that District. 
 
 Srockenbronfjh, William IT. — Born in 1813 ; 
 he originally went to Florida for the benefit of his 
 health, which, during his residence there, was a con- 
 tinual depression upon his physical and mental 
 energies. He, however, held no undistinguished 
 position as a citizen, having been, under the Territo- 
 rial government, a Senator from the Western Dis- 
 trict, and at one time President of the Senate, also 
 United States District Attorney, and also Judge, and 
 a Representative in Congress from Florida from 1845 
 to 1847. He was also a Presidential Elector on seve- 
 ral occasions ; and he died at Tallahassee, Florida, in 
 June, 1850, of pulmonary consumption. 
 
 BroeJcway, Jolm H. — Born in Ellington, Con- 
 necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1820 ; he 
 commenced active life by teaching the academy at 
 East Windsor Hill ; he studied law, and has been 
 devoted to the practice of the profession ever since. 
 He has frequently served in the two Houses of the 
 State Legislature, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Connecticut from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Sroderich, Dni'ifl C. — Bom in the District of 
 Columbia, of Irish parentage, in December, 1818 : 
 when a boy of five years removed to New York city 
 with his father ; during his youth he was apprenticed 
 to the trade of a stone-cutter, which was the trade of 
 
 his father ; was for many years foreman of a fire- 
 engine company in New York, during which period 
 he was an active politician ; removed to California in 
 1849, and engaged in the business of smelting and 
 assajing gold ; was a member of the Convention 
 which drafted the Constitution of that State ; 
 served two years in the California Senate, and was 
 President of that body in 1851 ; and he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from California in 1836, for the 
 long term, taking his seat during the second session 
 of the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died in San Francis- 
 co, California, September 16, 1859, from a wound 
 received in a duel fought with David S. Terry, Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, on the 
 13th of the same month. He was the first member of 
 the United States Senate ever killed in a duel ; and 
 it is said that some of the marble pillars in the old 
 Senate Chamber, where he had a seat, were cut by 
 his own fatlier. 
 
 Brodhea<l, John. — He was a minister of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-four years, and 
 a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire 
 from 1829 to 1833. He died at New Market, New 
 Hampshire, April 7, 1838, aged sixty-seven years. 
 His son, John M., was Second Comptroller of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 Bro<lhe(i(l, JoJin Itl. — He was born in Canaan, 
 New Hampshire, and was the son of John Brodhead, 
 formerly a member of Congress ; educated partly at 
 the New Market Seminary; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College as a physician; was appointed Second Comp- 
 troller, and held the office until 1837 ; was an Alder- 
 man of Washington City in 1861 and 1862, and in- 
 troduced the first Union resolutions after the battle 
 of Bull Run ; was a Commissioner for the District 
 of Columbia under the Emancipation Act in 1862 ; in 
 1863 he was again appointed Second Comptroller, and 
 remained in that ]iosition until January, 1876, when 
 he resigned. Among his other official positions held 
 at different times may be mentioned those of Trustee 
 of an Asyliun and of a College, and also that of a 
 Bank Cashier. 
 
 Brodhead, Bichard. — He was a native of Pike 
 County, Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1843 to 1849, and a Senator of the United' 
 States from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsylvania. Died 
 at Easton, Pennsylvania, September 17, 1863. 
 
 Brogden, Curtis II. — Bom in Wayne County,. 
 North Carolina ; as a boy he worked on his father's 
 farm ; early took an interest in military affairs and.: 
 became a General of Militia ; elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1838 ; and in one or the other of the 
 two Houses served therein for nearly twenty years ; 
 he was for ten years from 1857 Comptroller of the 
 State ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; in 1869 he 
 was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue; after 
 the additional service of four years in the State Sen- 
 ate, he was in 1872 elected Lieutenant-Governor; and 
 on the death of Governor Caldwell in 1874 he became 
 the Governor of the State and is still in office. Among 
 other public positions that he has held may be men- 
 tioned those of State Director of the Weldon and Wil- 
 mington Railroad, Trustee of the State University, 
 and Justice of Wayne County. 
 
 Bromberg, FredericU George,— Bom in 
 
 New York city, June 19, 1837; removed to Mobile in 
 1838 ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1858; was 
 a student in the Chemical Laboratory of the Lawrence 
 Scientific School, from 1861 to 1863 ; was elected tutor 
 in mathematics at Harvard University in 1863 ; re- 
 signed in 1865 and returned to Mobile; was appointed 
 Treasixrer of the City of Mobile in 1867, and served 
 until 1869 ; was a member of the State Senate of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Alabiima from 1868 to 1873 ; appointed Postmaster 
 of Mobile in 1869, and removed In 1871 ; and was 
 elected to the For y-t'iird Congress and re-elected to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. Served ou the Committee 
 on Commerce. 
 
 Srom well, Henri/ P. If. — Bom in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, August 26, 1823 ; spent seven years of his 
 boyhood in Ohio ; went with his father to Illinois in 
 1886; received a good English and classical education ; 
 studied law; came to the bar in 1853, and practiced in 
 different parts oi the State; from 1852 to 1854 he was 
 the publisher and editor of the Age of Steam and 
 Fire, at Vandalia ; in 1853 he was elected Judge of 
 Fayette County for four years ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1861), and in 1864 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Patents, Exjienses in 
 the State Department, and the Civil Service. Re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Sronson, Dnrid. — Born in Suffield, Connecti- 
 cut ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819; studied 
 law, and admitted to the bar in 1823 ; was a member 
 of tlie Legislature, as Representative, in 1832 and 1834, 
 and as Senator in 1846, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Norridgewock, Maine, from 1841 to 
 1848, and served as a member of the Committee on 
 Public Lands. From 1850 to 1853, he was Collector 
 of Customs at Batii, Maine; and from 1854 to 1857 
 was Judge of Probate for Sagadahock County. Died 
 in Talbot County, Maryland, in November, 1863. 
 
 Sronson, Isaac H. — Born in Rutland, New 
 York, October 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka, Florida, 
 August 13, 1855. He was educated for the bar, and 
 admitted to practice in 1822 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839, 
 officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Terri- 
 tories, when he was appointed one of the Territorial 
 Judges of Florida, and from that time until his death 
 he served continually on the bench ; at the time of 
 his death being District Judge of the United States 
 for Northern Florida. 
 
 Brooke, Francis ,1. — Born at Smithfield, Vir- 
 ginia, August 27, 1763 ; in 1780 was appointed 
 Lieutenant in Harrison's legiment ; on returning to 
 Virginia studied medicine one year; then studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1788; practiced in the 
 Counties of Monongahela and Harrison; was appoint- 
 ed Commonwealth's Attorney in the District Court, 
 and afterwards practiced in Essex and in the North- 
 em Neck ; was a member of the House of Delegates 
 in 1794 and 1795; removed to Fredericksburg in 1796; 
 was elected State Senator in 1800; and while Speaker 
 in 1804 was elected Judge of the General Court, and 
 in 1811 Judge of the Court of Appeals, of which he 
 was President eight years. In 1881 was re-elected 
 Judge of the same Court ; and filled the office till his 
 death, March 3, 1851. 
 
 liroolce, Rohert. — He was Governor of Virginia 
 from 1794 to 1796. 
 
 Brooke, Walter, — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Mississippi from 1853 to 1853, in place of 
 H. S. Foote, resigned. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 lirookinffs, IV. If. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Utah, and was appointed an Associate Judge of 
 the United States Court for that Territory. 
 
 Brooks, David. — AVas bom in 1736; entered 
 the army in 1776 as a Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania 
 line; was captured at Fort Washington, and remained 
 a prisoner for two years. Upon being exchanged, he 
 
 was promoted Assistant Clothier-General at head- 
 quarters, an office of responsibility, which he so filled 
 as to secure the friendship of Washington. After the 
 close of the war he removed to New York, and after- 
 wards settled in Dutchess County, representing each 
 locality in the State Legislature. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York, from May, 1797, 
 to July, 1797; a Commissioner for making the first 
 treaty with the Seneca Indians (signed where the city 
 of Utica now stands), and subsequently first Judge 
 of Dutchess County for sixteen years. He died at 
 his home, where he was universally esteemed, in 
 August, 1838. 
 
 Brooks, Oeorge 31, — Born in Concord, Massa- 
 chusetts, July 36, 1824 ; graduated at Cambridge in 
 1844 ; studied law ; was a member of the Massachu- 
 setts Legislature in 1858, and of the State Senate in 
 1859 ; of the Committee chosen in 1859 to revise the 
 statutes of Massachusetts ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress in 1869, to fill a vacancy. In 1864 
 he was chosen an Overseer of Harvard College, and 
 was for several years Chairman of the Greek Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Brooks, George TF. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, and is a resident of Elizabeth City, from 
 which he was appointed in 1866 United States Judge 
 for the Eastern District of North Carolina. 
 
 Brooks, James, — He was bom in Portland, 
 Maine, November 10, 1810. When only eleven years 
 old he became a clerk in a store, when sixteen was a 
 school teacher, and at the age of nearly twenty-one 
 he graduated at the Waterville College. He has been 
 an extensive traveler both in this country and Europe, 
 and has published a large number of letters descrip- 
 tive of his tours. In 1835 he was elected to the 
 Legislature of Maine ; in 1836 he established the 
 JVew York Daily Express, of which he has since 
 been the chief editor and proprietor; in 1847 he was 
 elected a member of the New York Legislature, and 
 from 1849 to 1853 he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from the city of New York, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Ways and Means and the Pacific Railroad, 
 but his seat was successfully contested by W. E. 
 Dodge. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention" of 1866; and re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serring on the Com- 
 mittees on Ways and Means, Reconstruction, and on 
 Rules. Re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses; 
 and during one of the recesses, he pertonned a tour 
 around the world, about which he published an inter- 
 esting book ; and died in Washington, District of 
 Columbia, April 30, 1873. 
 
 Brooks, ,Tohn. — Born in Medford, Massachu- 
 setts, brought up on a fann, received a common- 
 school education, at which time Count Rumfoi-d was 
 a fellow student, and an intimacy with him con- 
 tinued through correspondence during the life of the 
 Count. He was apprenticed at the age of fourteen, for 
 seven years, to Dr. Tufts. Commenced the practice 
 of medicine at Reading, where he commanded a com- 
 pany of Minute-men in 1775 ; was in neariy all the 
 battles of the Revolution, and was especially distin- 
 guished at Saratoga. In 1778 was associated with 
 Inspector-General Steuben in the duty of introducing 
 a unifonu system of exercise and manoeuvres, and was 
 Adjutant-General at the battle of Monmouth. To him 
 belongs the credit of sending Cuyler to give the 
 alarm to Arnold's forces. After the war he resumed 
 the practice of medicine in Medford, was for many 
 years Major-General of MUitia, and as a member of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 51 
 
 the Legislature was against Shay's Rebellion ; was a 
 Delegat ^ to the Convention for adopting the Federal 
 Constitution, which he advocated ; was appointed by 
 Washington Marshal of his District, and Inspector of 
 the Revenue in 1795 ; was State Senator and Councilor ; 
 Adjutant-Oeneral of the State from 1812 to 1815 ; 
 and its Governor from 1810 to 1823, when he retired 
 to private life. He received from Harvard University 
 the degrees of M.D. and LL.D. in 1816 ; was Presi- 
 dent of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1817 
 till his death ; of the Cincinnati from 1787 ; and of 
 the Massachusetts Bible Society. Died at Medford, 
 March 1, 1825. 
 
 lirookfi, MicfiJi. — He was born in Clieshire, 
 Connecticut, in 1775 ; was educated by his father, 
 with whom he removed to Western New York, and 
 where he taught school. He settled on a farm, but was 
 a Justice of the Peace in 1806, and for twenty years 
 thereafter he was a County Judge. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Xew York Assembly in 1808 and 1809, was 
 a Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1815 to 1817 ; a member of the State Constitutional 
 Convention of 1821 ; and a Presidential Elector in 
 1824. He died in Livingston Countv, New York, 
 July 7, 1857. 
 
 Brooks, Preston S. — He was born in Edgefield 
 District, South Carolina, in August, 1819 ; graduated 
 at the South Carolina College in 1839 ; studied law ; 
 was admitted to the bar in 1843, and was a State Rep- 
 resentative in 1844. In 1846 he raised a company 
 of volunteers, was made Captain, and served in the 
 Palmetto regiment during most of the Mexican War. 
 After the war he devoted himself to planting. He 
 was elected to Congress in 1853, and again in 1855. 
 In 1850 he made a personal assault upon Charles 
 Sumner, in the United States Senate Chamber, which 
 event caused much excitement throughout the coun- 
 try. The attack was caused by words uttered in 
 debate by Senator Sumner against A. P. Butler, who 
 was Mr. Brooks' relative. He died in Washington, 
 District of Columbia, January 27, 1857. 
 
 Broom, •Jacob. — He was born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, July 25, 1808 ; received a classical educa- 
 tion ; on removing to Pennsylvania, was appointed, in 
 1840, Deputy Auditor of that State ; in 1849 he was 
 elected Clerk of the Orphans' Court for the City and 
 County of Philadelphia; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress. Died in Washington, in November, 1864. 
 
 Brootna/I, John M, — Was bom in Upper 
 Chichester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Januarj- 
 19, 1816 ; received a good classical and mathematical 
 education in the schools of the Quakers, to which liis 
 family had belonged for several generations ; studied 
 law, and was devoted to that profession ; served in 
 the Legislature of the State ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, and was a member of the Committees on Ac- 
 counts and Public Expenditures ; re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Public Expenditures, on Accounts, and on the Mem- 
 phis Riots ; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. 
 
 Broome, James E. — He was Governor of 
 
 Florida from 1853 to 1857. 
 
 Broome, tTames M. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Delaware from 1805 to 1807 ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1794. 
 
 Broiigh,tTohn, — Was born in Marietta, Ohio, 
 September 17, 1811 ; he began life as a printer, and 
 
 entered the Ohio University ; in 1831 he published 
 at Marietta the Wnshhiffton Voiinty Rcpuhlicnn, and 
 in 1833 the Lancaster Eiigle. He was Clerk of the 
 Ohio Senate from 1835 to 1838 ; then a member of 
 the Legislature ; from 1839 to 1845 Auditor ; in 1846 
 opened a law office in Cincinnati and published the 
 Inquirer. In 1848 was President of the Madison and 
 Indianapolis Railway ; in 1853 of the Bellefontaine 
 and Indianapolis Road. In 1863 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of Ohio. He died in Cleveland, August 29, 1865. 
 
 Broughton, Thomas. — Was Councilor and 
 Collector of Customs in South Carolina in 1808; after- 
 ward Lieutenant-Governor ; May 3, 1855, was made 
 Governor, serving in that position uutU his death in 
 
 1858. 
 
 Brotvn, Aaron T'. — Bom in Brunswick County, 
 Virginia, August 15, 1795. He graduated at Chapel 
 Hill University in 1814, and in 1815 removed with his 
 parents to Tennessee, where he devoted himself to 
 the study of law ; and, when admitted to practice, 
 became a partner of the late James K. PoUc. in 
 Giles County, ser\-ing in the meantime for a number 
 of years in the Legislature of Tennessee. In 1839 
 he was elected a member of Congress from Tennes- 
 see, and re-elected in 1841 and 1843. On his retire- 
 ment from Congress in 1845, he was elected Governor 
 of Tennessee ; and he was at all times considered one 
 of the most faithful and industrious leaders of the 
 Democratic party in Tennessee. His last position 
 was that of Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of 
 President Buchanan. Among the measures which 
 marked his administration of our jiostal affairs may 
 be mentioned the establishment of a new and shorter 
 oceanic communication to California, by Tehuantepec; 
 of the great overland mail from Memphis and St. 
 Louis to San Francisco, and another across the con- 
 tinent, by the way of Salt Lake. His speeches. 
 Congressional and political, were published at Nash- 
 ville in 1854. He died in Washington, Slarch 8, 1859. 
 
 Broii'n, Albert G. — He was bom in Chester 
 District, South Carolina, May 31, 1813 ; taken to 
 Mississippi when a boy ; adopted the law as a profes- 
 sion ; was a member of the State Legislature from 
 1835 to 1839 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Mississippi in 1840 and 1841. He was also a 
 Judge of the Circuit Superior Court in 1852 and 1P53; 
 Governor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848 : was again 
 elected a Representative in Congress from 18-Wi to 
 1854 ; was elected a United States Senator from 1854 
 to 1858 ; and reelected for .six years, commencing 
 March 4, 1859, but was expelled in March, 1861, and 
 joined the Great Rebellion. He was Chairman of the 
 Committee on the District of Columbia in the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, and a member of the Committee on 
 Indian Affairs and that of Enrolled Bills. His col- 
 lected speeches were published in one volume in 1859. 
 In 1875 ho wrote a letter of advice to a young friend 
 in which he argued against the manner of life in 
 which he had been most successful, that of the poli- 
 tician and office-holder. He also said that farming 
 was the noblest of occupations. 
 
 Brown, Anso?). — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 during the years 1839 and 1840, and died at Ballston, 
 New York, June 21, 1840, much respected for hib 
 character and acquirements. 
 
 Brown. Bedforrl. — Born in Caswell County, 
 North Carolina, in 1795 ; was elected to the House of 
 Commons of that State in 1815, in which capacity he 
 served many years ; and was a Senator in Congress 
 from that State from 1829 to 1841, officiating as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture dming 
 several sessions. He was subsequently elected to the 
 
52 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Geueral Assembly, and at the end of his term retired 
 to private life. He was first elected to the Senate by 
 one majority, and, to a great extent, by a mere acci- 
 dent ; but, having acquitted himself with ability, was 
 re-elected by a large majority. Died in Caswell 
 County, December 6, 1870. 
 
 Broivn, Benjamin, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 181 r, 
 having served in the State Legislature in 1809, 1811, 
 and 1813. 
 
 Brown, H. Gratz. — Born in Lexington, Ken- 
 tucky, May 28, 1836 ; graduated at the Transylvania 
 University in 1845, and at Yale College in 1847 ; 
 studied law in Louisville, and settled at St. Louis, 
 Missouri ; was a member of the Legislature of that 
 State from 1853 to 1858 ; assisted in establishing the 
 Missouri Demoa'at, and edited that journal from 1854 
 to 1859. A speech that lie delivered in the Legisla- 
 ture in 1857 was the initial movement in behalf of 
 freedom in that State. When the war broke out, in 
 1861, he volunteered and raised a regiment, which 
 assisted in the capture of Camp Jackson, and which 
 he commanded during its term of service. He subse- 
 quently commanded a Brigade of Militia during an 
 invasion of the State. His efforts in behalf of free- 
 dom were continued during the progress of the Re- 
 bellion, and he was foremost in organizing the move- 
 ments which resulted in the Ordinance of Freedom in 
 1864. He was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 Missouri for the term commencing in 1863 and ending 
 in 1867, serving on the Committees on Military Af- 
 fairs, Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, Public Build- 
 ings and Grounds, Printing, and as Chairman of the 
 C<3mmittee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, 
 and, subsequently, on the death of Senator Foote, as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and 
 Grounds. In 1873 he received a complimentary vote 
 for President of the United States. John Brown, 
 formerly a Senator from Kentucky, was his grand- 
 father ; and his father. Mason Brown, was a promi- 
 nent Judge. 
 
 Brown, Chnrles, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849. 
 He subsequently held the office of Collector of the 
 Port of Philadelphia. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia ' ' National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Broivn, Elins, — He was a Representative in Con 
 gress from Maryland from 1839 to 1831, and a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1830, 1838, and 1836. 
 
 Broivn. Ethan Allen. — Born at Darien, Con- 
 necticut, July 4, 1776 ; was educated by an Irish 
 scholar, and acquired a critical knowledge of lan- 
 guages ; read law with Alexander Hamilton, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1803 ; emigrated to the West, 
 and in 1804 settled to practice in Cincinnati. He was 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1810 to 
 1818 ; Governor of the State from 1818 to 1833 ; 
 United States Senator from 1833 to 1835 ; Canal Com- 
 missioner from 1835 to 1830 ; United States Minister 
 to Brazil from 1830 to 1834 ; Commissioner of the 
 General Land Office in 1835 and 1836 ; removed to In- 
 diana in 1836, and was a member of the Indiana 
 Legislature in 1843. Died in Indianapolis, February 
 24, 1853. 
 
 Brown, George. — He was a citizen of 
 chusetts, and was a Commissioner to Hawaii from 
 1843 to 1846. 
 
 Broivn, Georqe H, — He was born In New Jer- 
 sey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1828 ; adopted 
 the profession of law ; was a member of the Conven- 
 
 tion which formed the State Constitution of 1844 : 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New Jer- 
 sey from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Broivn, Henry Kirke. — Bom at Leyden, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in 1814 ; went to Boston at the age of 
 eighteen to study portrait painting, but turned his 
 attention to sculpture ; and, to obtain means to visit 
 Italy, he became a railroad engineer in Illinois. In 
 1843 he succeeded in getting to Italy, and passed four 
 years there in study. On his return he fixed his resi- 
 dence in Brooklyn, New York, and is said to have 
 produced the first bronze statue ever cast in this 
 country; his works in marble are "Hope," "The 
 Angel of Retribution," " The Indian and Panther," 
 "The Pleiades," and "The Four Seasons," and in 
 bronze a statue of De Witt Clinton, the colossal statue 
 of W^ashington in Union Square, New York, and the 
 equestrian statue of Scott in Washington. This ar- 
 tist was also commissioned to execute a number of 
 statues of famous Americans for the Statuary Hall in 
 the Capitol. 
 
 Broivn, Jacob. — Born in Bucks County, Penn- 
 sylvania, May 9, 1775, and was of Quaker descent ; 
 taught school in New Jersey for three years ; spent 
 two years as a surveyor in Ohio ; settled as a school 
 teacher in New York city in 1798 ; studied law and 
 wrote for the press ; purchased land on the borders of 
 the St. Lawrence, to which he removed, and began 
 the first settlement within thirty miles of Lake Onta- 
 rio ; he there became a County Judge and a Colonel 
 of Militia ; was placed in command of that frontier ; 
 rendered the national cause good service in 1813, and 
 was made a Brigadier-General in the regular army ; 
 was made Major-General in 1814, and continued to 
 render important services at Chippewa, Niagara Falls, 
 and at Fort Erie, and received two severe wounds. 
 He received the thanks of Congress and a medal ; and, 
 in 1831, he was made General-in-Chief of the United 
 States armv ; and died in Washington City, February 
 24, 1838.. 
 
 Broivn, James. — He was born in Virginia, Oc- 
 tober, 1766 ; studied law ; settled first in Mississippi, 
 at Natchez ; and was appointed by President Jeffer- 
 son Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana after its 
 acquisition. This led him to New Orleans, which 
 became his home. He was appointed United States 
 Attorney for the District of Louisiana, and rose to a 
 high rank at the bar, and was also appointed a Terri- 
 torial Judge in 1804. He was chosen to the United 
 States Senate from Louisiana, and served from 1813 
 to 1817 ; and again from 1819 to 1834, officiating as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and, 
 having resigned, was appointed Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary to France. He reiuained five years abroad, and 
 subsequently settled in Philadelphia, where he died 
 of apoplexy, April 7, 1835. He was the brother of 
 John Brown, of Virginia. 
 
 Broivn, James S. — He was born in Hampton, 
 Maine, February 1, 1834 ; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 in 1840, where he studied law, and, in 1844, took up 
 his permanent residence in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 
 In 1846 he was chosen Prosecuting Attorney for Mil- 
 waukee County ; in 1848 he was elected Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of the State ; in 1861 was Mayor of Milwaukee ; 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Representative from 
 Wisconsin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Elections. 
 
 Broivn, Jeremiah. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1776 ; served in the Legislature of that State 
 as a member of one or two State Conventions ; was 
 the first Associate Judge elected by the people, and a 
 Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1841 to 1845. Died at Lancaster, March"3, 1848. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 53 
 
 Jii'OH'ii, J"©/* M .— Was bom at Staunton, Virginia, 
 September 13, 1757 ; was a student at Princeton Col- 
 lege, New Jersey, when the American army made its 
 retreat, and the college was closed ; he joined the 
 troops and crossed the Delaware, and remained in the 
 army undei Washington for some time. He was 
 subsequently under the command of Lafayette, after 
 which he completed his education at William and 
 Mary College ; was a school teacher two years ; 
 studied law, and removed to Frankfort, Kentucky, in 
 1783 ; was elected a member of the Virginia Legisla- 
 ture from the District of Kentucky, and was appointed 
 a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress, 
 from 1787 to 1788 ; was a Representative from Ken- 
 tucky to the Federal Congress from 1789 to 1791, and 
 a United States Senator from 1793 to 1805. He was 
 the last survivor of the old Congress, and the first 
 member from the Valley of the Mississippi. He was 
 eminent as a patriot, statesman, and citizen. Died in 
 Frankfort, Kentucky, August 38, 1837. He was one 
 of those who voted to locate the Seat of Government 
 on the Potomac. 
 
 Uroivn, fTohn, — He was born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, January 27, 1736 ; was bred to mercan- 
 tile pursuits ; was one of the men who captured the 
 Gtispee in Providence River, in 1773 ; took an active 
 part in the Revolution, and was an ardent friend of 
 the Constitution. He was chosen a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1784, but did not take his 
 seat in that body ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from Rhode Island from 1799 to 1801 ; and died Sep- 
 tember 30, 1803. 
 
 Broivn, John, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1809 to 1810. 
 
 SfOirn, John. — He was bom in Mifflin County, 
 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1835. 
 
 JBi'Oivil, Johtl C. — He was Governor of Tennes- 
 see from 1841 to 1844. 
 
 Srown, John W. — He was bom in Dundee, 
 Scotland, about the year 1797, and came with his 
 father to the United States in 1803 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education, studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1818 ; elected a Justice of the Peace in 1830 ; 
 elected a Representative in Congress from New York 
 in 1833, and re-elected in 1834 ; in 1849 he was elected 
 a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and re- 
 elected in 1857, retiring from the Bench in 1865, to re- 
 sume the practice of his profession. Although always 
 a Democrat in politics, he supported the war measures 
 of President Lincoln with great zeal. Died at his 
 residence in Newburg, New York, September 6, 1875. 
 He was a very successful lawyer, and it is said that 
 none of his rulings as a Judge were ever reversed by 
 the Court of Appeals. 
 
 Brotrn, JoJin Younff. — He was bom in Clays- 
 ville, Hardin County, Kentucky, June 38, 1835 ; grad- 
 uated at Centre College, Danville, in 1855 : studied 
 law and adopted the profession ; in 1859 he was elected 
 to Congress, but not having attained the constitu- 
 tional age, declined to take his seat ; and in 1867 he 
 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the 
 Fortieth Congress, but in March, 1868, his seat was 
 refused by the House. He was reelected to the For- 
 ty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on va- 
 rious Committees. 
 
 Broivn, Joseph E. — He was Governor of Geor- 
 gia from 1857 to 1865, during the entire progress of 
 the Rebellion. 
 
 Broivn, Mason. — Born in Philadelphia, Novem- 
 
 ber 10,1799; graduated at Y'ale College in 1830; 
 studied in the office of J. J. Crittenden and in the 
 Lexington Law School ; practiced at Frankfort, Ken- 
 tucky ; became the partner of Charles S. Morehead, 
 with whom he compiled " Morehead and Bro^^^l's Di- 
 gest ;" was many years Judge of the Circuit Court of 
 his district, and Secretary of State in Kentucky from 
 1855 to 1859. He was father of B. Gratz Brown and 
 Brigadier-General J. M. Brown. Died in Frankfort, 
 Kentucky, January 27, 1867. 
 
 Broivn, Milton. — He was born in Ohio, and on 
 taking up his residence in Tennessee, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 
 to 1847. 
 
 Broivn, 3Iorffati W. — He was a native of Ten- 
 nessee, and in 1834 he was appointed United States 
 Judge for the District of that State. Resided at Nash- 
 ville. 
 
 Brown, ^eif S. — He was a citizen of Tennessee ; 
 Governor of the State from 1847 to 1849 ; and in 1850 
 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia, 
 where he remained until 1853. 
 
 Broivn, Or/ando. — He was bom in Kentucky, 
 and in July, 1849, he was appointed Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs, having been the first Who held the of- 
 fice after it became a Bureau of the Interior Depart- 
 ment, and he continued in office onlv until July, 
 1850. 
 
 Broivn , Boherf. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1798 to 1815. 
 
 Broivn, Thomas. — He was Governor of Florida 
 from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Broivn, Titiis. — He was born in Cheshire Coun- 
 ty, New Hampshire ; graduated at Middlebury Col- 
 lege in 1811 ; wasamemberof the Legislature of New 
 Hampshire from 1820 to 1835; was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 183S 
 to 1829, serving as a member of the Committee on the 
 Memorial of the Legislature of Tennessee. In 1842 
 he was elected to the State Senate and made Presi- 
 dent ; and he also held the offices of Solicitor of 
 Hillsborough County from 1823 to 1825, and from 
 1829 to 1834, and Railroad Commissioner. Died at 
 Francistown, New Hampshire, January 31, 1849, aged 
 sixty-three years. 
 
 Broivn, If'illiani. — He was born in Frederick 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky from 1819 to 1833. 
 
 Broivn, William G. — He was born in Preston 
 County, Virginia, September 25, 1801 ; received a good 
 English education ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar m 1823 ; in 1833 he was elected to the Legis- 
 lature of Virginia, and served in that capacity again 
 from 1840 to 1843. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 ; in 1850 he was 
 a member of the Virginia State Convention ; in 1860 
 a Delegate to the " Charleston Convention," and also 
 to that held in Baltimore ; he was also a Delegate to 
 the " Virginia Convention" of 1S61, and opposed the 
 action of the Secessionists ; and on his return home 
 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures 
 and the Militia ; and in 1863 he was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress as a Representative from 
 West Virginia, and served on the Committee on 
 Claims. 
 
 Brown, Willinm J. — He was born in Kentucky 
 in 1805. He emigrated to Indiana in 1821, aud was 
 
54 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 at one time Secretary of State for Indiana, and a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature ; a Representative in 
 Congress from Indiana from 1843 to 1845, and again 
 from 1849 to 1851 ; he was also Assistant Postmaster- 
 General under President Polk ; editor of the Indiana 
 Sentinel ; State Librarian of Indiana ; and, at the time 
 of his death, Special Agent of the Post Office Depart- 
 ment for Indiana and Illinois. He died near Indian- 
 apolis, March 18, 1857. 
 
 Broivn, H'Uliam J?. — Born in Buffalo, New 
 York, in 1840 ; graduated at Union College in 1863 ; 
 became a lawyer, and settled in Kansas in 1862 ; was 
 elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of Kansas 
 in 1867 ; re-elected in 1873, and, in 1874, was elected 
 a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-fourth 
 
 Sroiriie, Georf/e H. — Was born in Gloucester, 
 Rhode Island, in 1818 ; was left an orphan at an early 
 age, but managing to obtain a commou-scliool educa- 
 tion by his owu exertions, graduated at Brown Uni- 
 versity in 1840. He studied law, but, soon entering 
 into politics, was elected to both the Charter and Suf- 
 frage Legislatures of his State in 1843 ; was admitted 
 to the bar in 1844 ; was again elected to the Rhode 
 Island Legislature, and re-elected until 1853 ; during 
 that year he was appointed by President Pierce 
 United States Attorney for Rhode Island ; was re-ap- 
 pointed by President Buchanan, which office he held 
 until elected a Representative from Rhode Island to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Charleston and Baltimore Conventions, and to the 
 Peace Congress of 1861. 
 
 Broiviie, John Softs. — He was born in Ireland, 
 in 1817. In his eighteenth year he descended the 
 Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, from Louisville to New 
 Orleans. He acquired the art of stenography, and 
 was for a time a reporter in Washington. In 1846, 
 after visiting a great portion of the world, he pub- 
 lished " Etchings of a Whaling Cruise, with Notes 
 of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar." He visited 
 California in 184S), on business for the Government ; 
 the Holy Land, in 1851 ; the Northern Countries of 
 Europe and Iceland, in 1861 ; and was appointed 
 Minister to China, in 1868. He was the author of 
 "An American Family in Germany ; " " Adventures in 
 the Apache Country;" " Land of Thor;" "Crusoe's 
 Island, with Sketches of California and Washoe ; " 
 and Yusef 's " Travels in the East." He was a man 
 of superior ability and high character. For the Gov- 
 ernment he prepared a very valuable Report on the 
 Mineral Resources of the country west of the Rocky 
 Mountains. Died in Oakland, California, December 
 8, 1875. 
 
 Sroirnhif/, Orvillc H. — He was born in Har- 
 rison County, Kentucky ; after acquiring a good 
 English education, he removed to Bracken County, 
 and while perfomiing the duties of a clerk in tlie 
 office of the County and Circuit Clerk, went through 
 a course of classical studies at Augusta College. He 
 studied law, and, on being admitted to the bar in 
 1831, settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he subse- 
 quently resided. He served through the Black Hawk 
 War in 1832 : in 1836 he was elected a Senator in the 
 Illinois Legislature, and served in that capacity four 
 years ; iu 1840 he was elected to the Lower House, 
 serving two years ; and, in conjunction with his 
 friend Abraham Lincoln, he was mainly instrumental 
 in forming the Republican party of Illinois at the 
 Bloomington Convention. He was a Delegate to the 
 Chicago Convention of 1860, and was a warm sup- 
 porter of the Government during the Rebellion. On 
 the death of S. A. Douglas, in 1861, he was appointed 
 a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy until the 
 
 subsequent election of W. A. Richardson, in 1863. On 
 the organization of the National Union Executive 
 Committee, in June, 1866, he became an active mem- 
 ber of the same ; and on the retirement of James 
 Harlan as Secretary of the Interior, on September 1, 
 1866, he entered President Johnson's Cabinet as 
 Secretary of the Interior Department. He was also 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union 
 Convention" of 1866. On the resignation of Mr. 
 Stanbery as Attorney-General, in March, 1868, he 
 was designated by President Johnson to perform the 
 duties of that office, in addition to Lis own as Secre- 
 tary of the Interior Department. In 1869 he was 
 elected to the State Constitutional Convention. 
 
 SfOU'itlOiVf WiUiani G. — He was born in 
 Wythe County, Virginia, August 29, 1805 ; in his 
 eighteenth year he removed to Abingdon, and ap- 
 prenticed himself to a house-carpenter, and on ob- 
 taining the trade entered the Methodist traveling 
 ministry ; removed to Tennessee in 1831 ; from 1837 
 to 1863, he published and edited a newspaper called 
 the Whig, at Knoxville ; having always been a sup- 
 porter of the Union, when the Rebellion began, he 
 was very severe in his denunciations ; for his bold- 
 ness and loyalty he was imprisoned, suffering greatly 
 in person and ]iroperty ; was elected Governor of 
 Tennessee in 1865 ; re-elected in 1867 ; and in 1868, 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee 
 for six years from 1869, serving on the Committees 
 on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims, having been 
 Chairman of the latter Committee until 1875. He 
 published a work on Methodism, entitled "The Iron 
 Wheel Examined and its False Spokes Extracted ; " 
 and the events of his political life were fully set 
 forth in volumes entitled " Debates on Slavery," and 
 "Sketches of Secession." After leaving the Senate 
 he returned to his old profession of journalism. 
 
 Urownfioti, Nathau. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1761 ; studied medicine and practiced in 
 Liberty County, Georgia ; was a member of the Pro- 
 vincial Congress in 1775 ; was some time a surgeon 
 in the anny ; Speaker of the Legislature of 1781, by 
 which body he was chosen Governor of Georgia ; was 
 a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 
 1778 ; Speaker of the Georgia House of Representa- 
 tives in 1788 ; President of the Senate from 1789 to 
 1791 ; and in 1789 was a member of the Convention 
 that framed the State Constitution. He died in 
 Liberty County, Georgia, in November, 1796. 
 
 Sruce, B. K. — He was born, of slave parents, 
 in Prince Edward County, Virginia, March 1, 1841 ; 
 went to Mississippi in his boyhood ; subsequently re- 
 moved to Missouri, but returned to Mississippi iu 
 1869. His education was limited, and while follow- 
 ing the occupation of a planter, he held the positions 
 of Serjeant-at-Arms of the State Senate for two 
 years. Sheriff and Tax Collector of Bolivar County 
 for four \'ears, a Levee Commissioner for three years ; 
 and he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term 
 commencing in 1875, and ending in 1881. 
 
 Bruce, Phitieas. — He was born June 17, 1763 ; 
 was a graduate of Yale College in 1786 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1792, 1793, 
 1796, and 1800, and elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1803 to 1805. Died 
 October 4, 1809. 
 
 Briihi, Peter Bri/aii. — He was appointed in 
 1798, by President Adams, one of the first United 
 States judges for the Territory of Mississippi. 
 
 Brush, Hen ri/. — He was born in Dutchess Coun- 
 tv, New York, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1819 to 1831. He settled in Ohio in 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANXALS, 
 
 1803 ; was a lawyer by profession ; a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Ohio ; and died January 19, 1855, 
 aged seventy -seven years. 
 
 Bruijn, Andrew D. Tf'.— Bom in New York, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1837 to 1838, and died at Ithaca in 
 July, 1838, before the expiration of his term. 
 
 Bryan, George. — Bom in Dublin, Ireland, in 
 1731 ; came to America in early life ; engaged some 
 years in commercial pursuits in Philadelphia ; was a 
 member of the State Assembly, and in 1765 was a 
 member of the Stamp Act Congress, in which he took 
 an active part ; was Vice-President of tlie Supreme 
 Executive Council of Pennsylvania from the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, and in 1778 was made its Presi- 
 dent : in 1779 was a member of the Legislature, when 
 he procured the passage of an act for the gradual 
 abolition of slavery. He was appointed a Judge of 
 the State Supreme Court in 1780, which office he held 
 until his death. In 1784 he was one of the Council of 
 Ccn:;ors. He opposed the adoption of the Federal Con- 
 stitution. He died in Philadelphia, January 27, 1791. 
 
 Brf/an, George S. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania ; received a liberal education, and settled in 
 Charleston, South Carolina ; and in 1866 he was ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for the District of that 
 State. 
 
 Brf/an, Glii/ 31. — Was bom in Missouri, June 
 13, 1821 ; received a liberal education and studied 
 law ; bore a part in the military campaign of Texas 
 in 1836 ; in 184G he went to the Rio Grande, under 
 General Taylor ; in 1847 was elected to the Texas 
 Legislature, and served in the House and Senate 
 seven years ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Texas to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Bryan, Henry H. — Born in Martin County, 
 North Carolina, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Tennessee from 1819 to 1823, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
 He died in Montgomery C'oimty of that State in May, 
 1835. 
 
 Bryan, JTohn A. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts, and after holding a Clerkship in the General 
 Post Office, he was in 1843 appointed Second Assist- 
 ant Postmaster-General, holding the position about 
 one year. It was a son of his who was subsequently 
 connected with the Postal Service of the Empire o"f 
 Japan. 
 
 Bryan, John A. — He was a citizen of Ohio, and 
 in 1844 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Peru, 
 but remained there only about one year, when he re- 
 turned to the United States. 
 
 Bryan, John H. — He was born in Newbern 
 County, North Carolina, in 1798, and graduated at 
 the University of North Carolina in 1815. He was a 
 lawyer bj' profession ; served a number of years in 
 the State Legislature, and was a Member of Congress 
 from North Carolina from 1825 to 1827. 
 
 Bryan, Joseph. — He was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Georgia from 1803 to 1806. 
 
 Bryan, Joseph If. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1819. 
 
 Bryan, Kafhau. — Born in Jones County, North 
 Carolina, and in 1791 represented that county in the 
 House of Commons, He was a Member of Congress 
 from North Carolina from 1795 to 1798, and died at 
 
 Philadelphia, June 4, during the latter year. He was 
 a prominent man among the Baptists, and a most 
 exemplary Christian. 
 
 Bryant, If'illiain F. — He was an early emi- 
 grant to Oregon when it was a Territory, and in 1849 
 he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States 
 Court for that District. 
 
 Brytle, Archibald 31. — Bom in Moore County, 
 North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1809 to 1813, and subsequently 
 a member of the State Senate for two years. 
 
 Buchanan, And r etc. — He was bom in Penn- 
 
 svlvania, and was a Reju'csentative in Congress from 
 that State from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Buchanan, James. — Born in Franklin County, 
 Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. After a regular course 
 of classical education he studied and practiced law in 
 La?icaster, Pennsylvania. In 1814 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature of Pennsylvania, and reelected 
 the next year. In 1821 he entered Congress as a Rep- 
 resentative from the Lancaster District, where he con- 
 tinued until 1831, wlieu he declined a re-election. In 
 
 1832 he was appointed Minister to Russia by President 
 Jackson, and on his return from that mission in 1834, 
 he was elected by the Pennsylvania Legislature to the 
 Senate of the United States, to fill the unexpired term 
 of William Wilkins, who had resigned. He was re- 
 elected in 1837, and again in 1843. In 1845 he re- 
 signed his seat in the Senate, and became Secretary of 
 State, and the head of the Cabinet of President Polk. 
 At the close of that eventful administration he retired 
 to private life at his residence of " Wheatland," near 
 Lancaster ; but he was summoned again to the i)ublic 
 service in 1853, when he accepted the appointment 
 from President Pierce of Minister of the United 
 States to the Court of St. James. Having resigned 
 this office, he returned home in 1856, and in the sum- 
 mer of that year received the Democratic nomination 
 for President of the LTnited States. In the following 
 November he was elected to that position, and in 
 March, 1857, he entered u])on its duties, and served 
 until the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861. lu 
 1865 he published a book giving a history of the close 
 of his administration. Died at Wheatland, Pennsyl- 
 vania, June 1, 1868. 
 
 Buchanan, James 31. — He was a citizen of 
 Maryland, and was Minister Resident to Denmark 
 from 1858 to 1861. 
 
 Bucher, John C. — He was for many years a 
 Judge of the Circuit Court of Pennsylvania ; a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 
 
 1833 ; and died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 
 26, 1851. 
 
 Buck, Alfred E. — Born at Foxcroft, Maine, 
 February 7, 1833 ; received an academic education ; 
 graduated at Waterville College in 1859 ; was princi- 
 jial of the high school at Lewiston in 1860 ; entered 
 the army in 1861 as Captain in Thirteenth Maine 
 Infantry ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Ninety-first Col- 
 ored Troops in 1863 ; and of the Fifty-first Colored 
 Troops in 1864 ; was bre vetted Colonel of Volunteers 
 for gallant conduct at the siege of Fort Blakely in 
 
 1865 ; was mustered out of service at Baton Rouge in 
 
 1866 ; a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
 Alabama in 1807 ; was appointed by General Pope 
 Clerk of the Circuit Court of Mobile County in 18C7, 
 and was elected to the same office in 1868 ; was Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1868, and was elected to the Forty- 
 first Congress. 
 
 Buck, Daniel. — He was a lawj-er by profession, 
 
0(3 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 and one of the earliest settlers in Vermont ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1705 
 to 1797, and died in 1817. He was the father of the 
 Hon. Daniel A. A. Buck. 
 
 Such, Daniel Azro A. — He was born in Ver- 
 mont in 1789 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 
 1807 ; and also at the West Point Military Academy 
 in 1808, when he entered the army. He resigned his 
 commission in 1811 ; was re-appointed as a Captain in 
 the army in 1813, but finally left the military profes- 
 sion in 1815. He then established himself as a lawyer 
 at Chelsea, Vermont, and was for fourteen years a 
 member of the State Legislature, officiating about 
 half of that time as Speaker of the Lower House. He 
 filled the office of State Attorney for Orange County 
 for six years ; in 1821 he was a Presidential Elector ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 
 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839 ; and was 
 subsequently connected with the Indian Bureau of the 
 War Department in Washington, where he died, De- 
 cember 34, 1841. 
 
 Buchalew, Charles R. — Was born in Colum- 
 bia County, Pennsylvania, December 38, 1831 ; adopt- 
 ed the profession of law, and was admitted to practice 
 in 184b ; was Prosecuting Attorney for his native 
 county from 1845 to 1847 ; was a Senator in the State 
 Legislature from 1850 to 1856 ; in 1854 he was a Com- 
 m.issioner to exchange the ratifications of a Treaty 
 with Paraguay ; was a Senatorial Presidential Elector 
 in 1856 ; in 1857 was Chairman of the State Demo- 
 cratic Committee, and during the same year was re- 
 elected to tlie State Senate, and also appointed a Com- 
 missioner to revise the Penal Code of Pennsylvania ; 
 in 1858 resigned the two latter positions, and was ap- 
 pointed by President Buchanan Resident Minister to 
 Ecuador, returning home in 1861. In 1863 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, by a 
 majority of one vote, for the term ending in 1869, 
 serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Post 
 Offices and Post Roads, Pensions, Mines and Mining, 
 Foreign Relations, Contingent Expenses of the Sen- 
 ate, and Retrenchment, and also Chairman of the 
 Committee on Ventilation. In 1869 he was elected to 
 the State Senate, and held other public positions in 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Burkingham, William A, — He was bom in 
 
 Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1804 ; received a common- 
 school education, but was brought up on his father's 
 farm ; at the age of twenty he entered a store in 
 Norwich, in which city he was eminently successful 
 as a merchant and in various kinds of manufacturing ; 
 he was elected Mayor of Norwich in 1849, 1850, 1856, 
 and 1857 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; in 
 1858 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, re- 
 elected for seven years, in which capacity he rendered 
 important services in raising and forwarding troops 
 during the progress of the Rebellion ; and he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Connecticut for six 
 years, for the term commencing in 1869 and ending 
 in 1875, serving on the Committees on Commerce, 
 Indian Affairs, Engrossed Bills, and several other im- 
 portant Committees. He died in Norwich in February, 
 1875, only a few weeks before the expiration of his 
 term. He was noted for his pure character and great 
 benevolence. 
 
 Huckland, Ealph P. — Born in Leyden, Mas- 
 sachusetts, January 30, 1813, and was removed to 
 Ohio in the same year ; was educated at Kenyon Col- 
 lege, but did not graduate ; studied law and came 
 to the bar in 1837 ; was elected to the Senate of 
 Ohio in 1855 and 1857, serving four years ; in 1861 
 was appointed Colonel of the Seventy-second Ohio 
 Infantry, and fought in the battle of Shiloh as the 
 commander of a brigade ; was made a Brigadier-Gen- 
 
 eral in the winter of 1862-63, and in that capacity 
 fought at Vicksburg ; was subsequently in command 
 of the District of Memphis, and during his absence in 
 the field in 1864 was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Banking and Currency, and on the 
 Militia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and of the " Sol- 
 diers' Convention," held at Pittsburg ; re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Buckletf, Charles W, — Born in Otsego 
 County, New York, February 8, 1835 ; was educated 
 at the Union Theological Seminary of New York ; 
 served as a Chaplain in the Union Army during a 
 part of the Rebellion ; was subsequently an Assistant 
 Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau ; was a 
 Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 
 1867 ; and was elected a Representative from Alabama 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the Navy Dejjartment. 
 
 Biickner, Alejcaiifler. — He emigrated from 
 Indiana to Missouri in 1818 ; was a member of the 
 Convention which formed the Constitution of that 
 State ; served several years in the State Legislature ; 
 and was a Senator in Congress from Missouri from 
 1831 to 1833, and died in May, 1833. His terra would 
 have expired in 1837. He was a member of the Com- 
 mittees on Pensions and Engrossed Bills. 
 
 Buckner, Ai/left Ha ires. — He was born in 
 Fredericksburg, Virginia ; educated at Georgetown 
 College, and at the University of Virginia ; taught 
 school and .studied law ; emigrated to Missouri in 
 1837 ; elected in 1841 Clerk of the County Probate 
 Court of Pike County ; in 1850 removed to St. 
 Louis and practiced his profession ; was chosen 
 Attorney for the Bank of the State of Missouri in 
 1853 ; in 1854 was appointed Commissioner of Public 
 Works ; in 1857 elected Judge of the Third Judicial 
 Circuit ; in 1861 was one of the Delegates to the 
 Peace Congress ; and was elected to the Forty-third 
 and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Private Land Claims. In December, 1875, 
 he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Btickner, Ai/litf. — Was bom in Greensburg, 
 Green County, Kentucky ; educated at New Athens 
 Seminary in that town ; was a member of the House 
 of Representatives of the State in 1843 to 1843 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Kentuckv from 
 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Biirkuer, Hi chard A. — Born in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, 1763 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1839 ; a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1841 ; and died at his residence in 
 Greensburg, Kentucky, December 8, 1847. 
 
 Buel, Alexander H, — Bom in Fairfield, Herki- 
 mer County, New York ; received a limited educa- 
 tion ; was a prominent and successful merchant ; and 
 a Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1850 until the time of his death, which occurred in 
 Washington City, January 30, 1853. 
 
 Bitel, Alexander W. — Was born in Rutland 
 County, Vermont, in 1813 ; graduated at Middlebury 
 College in 1830 ; taught school for several years in 
 Vermont and New York, during which period he 
 prepared himself for the practice of the law. In 1834 
 he took up his residence in Michigan ; in 1836 was 
 Attorney for the city of Detroit ; in 1837 was elected 
 to the State Legislature ; in 1843 and 1844 was Pros- 
 ecuting Attorney for Wayne County ; in 1847 was 
 again elected to the Legislature ; and from 1849 to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL AKNALS. 
 
 57 
 
 1851 was a Representative in Congress from Michi- 
 gan, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign 
 Affairs. Died in Detroit, April 17, 1868. 
 
 Bvffhtfffoii, JosepJi, — He was born in Pemi- 
 svlvania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Sli/piif/fon, Joseph. — He was appointed in 
 1850 Chief Justice of the United States Court in 
 Utah, and was the first who held that position. 
 
 Snffhifon , fTfimes. — Born in Fall River, Mas- 
 sachusetts, March 16, 1817 ; educated at the Friends' 
 College, Providence ; served for a time in a factory at 
 Fall River ; studied medicine, and went upon a 
 whaling voj'age ; afterwards became a merchant by 
 occupation ; was Mayor of the city of Fall River 
 during the years 1854 and 1855 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- 
 fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serNing as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Military Affairs. He was 
 also re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. In March, 
 1867, he was appointed by President Johnson, a Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenue for Massachusetts. He 
 was re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty- 
 third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, and died at Fall 
 River, July 7, 1875. 
 
 Silffinti, floseph, rTr. — He was bom in Fitch- 
 burg, >Iassachusetts, September 23, 1784 ; graduated 
 at Dartmouth College in 1807, and adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New Hampshire from 1819 to 1821, and a mem- 
 ber of the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy 
 Department and on Public Bmldings. 
 
 Bufig, Hobert M. — He was bom in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Sulflttrh, Charles, — He was bom in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, in 1763 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1781 ; studied architecture and visited 
 Europe ; in 1793 built the first theatre in Boston, also 
 the State House, Faneuil Hall, the Court House, as 
 well as churches and other buildings, to the number 
 of forty, not only in Boston, but in other New England 
 cities. He was the architect of the National Capitol 
 from 1817 until 1830, and brought it to a state of com- 
 pletion, after which he returned to Boston, where he 
 died in 1844. The rotunda of the Capitol, though 
 designed by B. H. Latrobe, was constructed by Charles 
 Bulfinch. 
 
 Bii7l, John. — He was a Delegate from South 
 Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1787. 
 
 Bull, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Missouri from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Bii/lfirfl, Henry Adams. — Born in Groton, 
 Massachusetts, September 9, 1781 ; he was educated 
 at Harvard University, and graduated in 1807. He 
 was a lawyer by profession, but his knowledge of the 
 modern languages brought him in contact with Gen- 
 eral Toledo, in Philadelphia, who was organizing an 
 expedition to revolutionize New Mexico. He joined 
 him as his Aid and Military Secretary, and spent the 
 winter of 1812 with him at Nashville, and accom- 
 panied him into New Mexico in the spring. They 
 were defeated in a pitched battle by the royal troops 
 at San Antonio, and suffered severe hardships, but 
 he managed to reach Natchitoches, and there re- 
 
 mained and commenced the practice of his profession. 
 In 1822 he was elected to a seat on the District Court 
 Bench, and performed its duties for several years. In 
 1831 he was chosen a Representative in Congress from 
 Louisiana, and served till 1834 ; he was then elevated 
 to the Supreme Bench of Louisiana, and filled the 
 office until 1846, with the exception of a few months 
 in 1839, when he acted as Secretary of State. He 
 then removed to New Orleans. In 1847 he was ap- 
 pointed Professor of the Civil Law in the Law School 
 of Louisiana, and delivered two courses of lectures. 
 In 1850 he was elected to the Legislature, and a few 
 weeks after was chosen to fill a vacancy in Congress 
 occasioned by the resignation of C. M. Conrad, and 
 served again in the House of Representatives one 
 year. On his return journey homeward he was pros- 
 trated by fatigue and exposure ; he lingered three 
 weeks, and died in New Orleans, April 17, 1851. 
 
 Bullitt, Alexander Scott. — Born in Prince 
 William County, Virginia, in 1761 ; emigrated to 
 Kentucky in 1784 ; was a Delegate to the Consti- 
 tutional Convention of 1792 ; was President of the 
 Kentucky Senate for several years ; in 1799 was Pres- 
 ident of the Convention to amend the State Constitu- 
 tion ; Lieutenant.-Governor from 1800 to 1804 ; and 
 again in the Legislature till '1808. Died in Jefferson 
 County, Kentucky, April 13, 1816. 
 
 Bullitt, George. — He was bom in Kentucky ; 
 was a Judge of the United States Court for the Terri- 
 tory of Missouri, appointed by President Madison in 
 1814, holding the office until the establishment of the 
 State Government. 
 
 Bulloeh, James JB. — He was a native of Rhode 
 Island, and appointed a Judge of the United States 
 Court for that District. 
 
 Bulloch, Williftni B. — Bom in Georgia in 
 1776 ; was a lawyer by profession, being a prominent 
 member of the bar as early as 1800. In 1809 he was 
 Mayor of Savannah, and subsequently Collector of 
 that port. He was United States Senator from Geor- 
 gia in 1813, by appointment, but was superseded by 
 W. B. Bibb ; and in 1816 was chosen President of the 
 Bank of Georgia, of which he was one of the founders, 
 and held the office twenty-seven years. He died in 
 Savannah, Georgia, March 6, 1852. 
 
 Bullock, Alexander Hamilton.— 'Bom at 
 
 Royalston, Massachusetts, March 2, 1816 ; graduated 
 at Amherst College in 1836 ; admitted to the bar in 
 1841 ; was a member of the Legislature in 1845, 1847, 
 1848, 1861, and 1862 ; Mayor of Worcester in 1859 ; 
 State Senator in 1849 ; Commissioner of Insolvency 
 in 1853 ; Judge of Insolvency from 1856 to 1858 ; 
 Governor of Massachusetts from 1806 to 1869 ; re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University 
 in 1866. He published several addresses and speeches. 
 
 Bullock, Archibald. — He was a Delegate from 
 Georgia to the Continental Congi-ess from 1775 to 
 1776. 
 
 Bullock, Bufus B, — He was elected Governor 
 of Georgia in 1869, and remained in office until 1872. 
 
 Bullock, Stephen. — Bom in Massachusetts ; 
 was a member of the Convention which formed the 
 Constitution of that State ; frequently served in the 
 State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1797 to 1799. He 
 subsequently became Judge of the Common Pleas for 
 Bristol County, and served in the State Senate and as 
 a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts. 
 He died in 1816, in Massachusetts, aged eighty-one 
 years. 
 
58 
 
 BIOGRAPniCAL ANNALS. 
 
 liiiUork, M'ingficld. — Was elected a member 
 of the Keutucty Senate from Shelby County from 
 1813 to 1814 ; resigned hi 1813 ; was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from KentucUv for the years 
 1830 and 1831, but died October 13, 1831, before tak- 
 ing liis seat. 
 
 liiinch, Sainiiel. — Was born in 1786. He com- 
 manded a regiment in the Indian War, under Gene- 
 ral Andrew Jackson, and, in the charge of the battle 
 of the Horseshoe, was the first or second man over 
 the breastworks of the enemy. He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Tennessee from 18y3 to 1837 ; 
 and died in Granger County, Tennessee, September 
 5, 18-19. 
 
 Bundjl, Ifezekiflh S, — Born in Marietta, Ohio, 
 August 15, 1817 ; received a plain education, and his 
 father having been killed by the falling of a tree when 
 he was a mere boy, he took upon himself the support 
 of the family ; was in the mercantile business as 
 clerk and proprietor from 183.5 to 1846 ; after that he 
 turned his attention to farming, and in 1854 became 
 connected with the furnace business. During all 
 these avocations he studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1850 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1848 ; 
 re-elected in 1850 ; in 1855 chosen a State Senator ; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and in 1864 he 
 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Manufactures and Weights and Measures. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. Re-elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on 
 Mileage. 
 
 liunne.f, Sudolj)]!. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839, and 
 died at Otsego, July 33, 1837, aged fifty-eight years. 
 
 liiirchat'd, Horatio C — Born in Marshall, 
 Oneida County, New York, September 2'i, 1835 ; 
 graduated at "Hamilton College, New York, 1850 ; 
 studied law ; engaged in mercantile business ; was 
 School Commissioner in Stephenson County, Illinois 
 from 1857 to 1860 ; was a member of the Legislature 
 in 1863, 1864, 1805, and 1860 ; elected to the Forty- 
 first and Forty-second Congresses, and was re-elected 
 to the Forty-third, serving on the Committee on 
 Ways and Means. 
 
 liurchard, 3Inffheiv. — He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts, and in 1840 was appointed Solicitor of the 
 Treasury, remaining in office until 1841. 
 
 Bnt'chard, Samuel I). — Born in Leyden, 
 Lewis County, New York, July 17, 1836 ; removed 
 with hi.s father to Wisconsin in 1845 ; was educated 
 at Madison University, in New York, but was pre- 
 vented from graduating on account of his health ; 
 engaged in the manufacturing of woolen goods ; was 
 a Lieutenant in the Missouri Militia during the Rebel- 
 lion ; was appointed a Captain in the Volunteer ser- 
 vice, and as Quartermaster was assigned to duty in 
 New York, where he had charge of the purchase of 
 forage for the seaboard armies ; mustered out of ser- 
 vice as a Major ; returned to Wisconsin, and elected 
 to the State Senate in 1873, and in 1874 a Representa- 
 tive from Wisconsin to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Jiiti'd, George. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress froin Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1835, and 
 died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, January 13, 1844, 
 aged fifty years. 
 
 Hard eft, Samuel S. — He was born in Leices- 
 tershire, England, February 31, 1836 ; emigrated to 
 Ohio in 1848 ; was educated at Oberlin College ; 
 
 removed to Clinton County, Iowa, in 1857 ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1858 ; in 1801 he entered 
 the Volunteer army as a private, and before the 
 close of his term of enlistment, in 1864, he was pro- 
 moted to a Captain ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1864 from Iowa ; in 1865 he emigrated to St. Clair 
 County, Missouri ; in 1866 he was made Circuit At- 
 torney for the Seventh Judicial District ; he was u 
 Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868 ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committees on Educa- 
 tion and Labor, and Elections. In 1874 he was 
 appointed Coiumissioner of the General Land Office 
 in Washington, and still retains the position. 
 
 Blirf/es, Trisfam. — Born in Plymouth County, 
 Massachusetts, February 36, 1770, and died in Rhode 
 Island, October 13, 1853. He graduated at the Rhode 
 Island College in 1796 ; studied law and taught school 
 at the same time ; commenced the practice of his 
 profession in Providence, and acquired great influence 
 and distinction as an advocate ; in 1818 was elected 
 Chief Justice of Rhode Island ; occupied the Chair of 
 Oratory in Brown University : and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Rhode Island from 1835 to 
 1835. He acquired great reputation by a parliament- 
 ary contest with John Randolph, and left behind him 
 many interesting pamphlets on political and literary 
 subjects. His characteristics as a debater were 
 withering sarcasm, combined with fervid eloquence 
 and rare reasoning power. 
 
 JBiirf/ess, Dempsey. — He was a member of the 
 Provincial Congress of North Carolina ; a Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel of the Militia ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1795 to 1798. 
 
 Burke. Hdauiis, — He was bom in Galway, 
 Ireland, and came to America at the beginning of the 
 Revolution. In 1778 he was appointed a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of South Carolina, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1789 to 1791. 
 He was an earnest Republican, and died at Charles- 
 ton, March 30, 1803, aged fifty-nine years. He pub- 
 lished a pamphlet against the Order of the Cincinnati ; 
 and, because he would not resign his judgeship on 
 being elected to Congress, the Legislature jiassed a 
 law prohibiting any State Judge from leaving the 
 State, and he resigned his seat in Congress. 
 
 Burke, Edmund. — Bom in Westminster, Ver- 
 mont, January 33, 1809 ; was educated by private 
 tutors ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1839 ; and removed to New Hamjishire in 1833, where 
 he established, in Sullivan County, the N'ew Hamp- 
 shire Argus, which he edited a number of years. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from New Hamp- 
 shire from 1839 to 1845, and was Chairman of the 
 Committee on the Library, and a member of the Com- 
 mittees on Commerce and Claims ; and, by President 
 Polk, was appointed Commissioner of Patents in 
 Washington. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " National Union Convention " of 1806. 
 
 Burke, Thomas, — He was born in Ireland in 
 1747 ; when about seventeen years of age he left Ire- 
 land and settled in Accomac County, Virginia, where 
 he resided some years, engaged in the study and 
 practice of medicine. He subsequently changed his 
 profession for that of law, removed to Norfolk and 
 practiced. In 1773 he removed to Hillsborough, Orange 
 County, North Carolina. In 1776 he was a member 
 of the Provincial Congress at Halifax, and a volun- 
 teer at the battle of Brandywine. He first attracted 
 public attention in Virginia by his writings in opposi- 
 tion to the Stamp Act, and in North Carolina partici- 
 pated in the formation of the Constitution for that 
 State. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 press from 1777 to 1781. In the latter year he was 
 chosen Governor of North Carolina. While in that 
 po.sition he was seized by the Tories as a prisoner of 
 State, and, being transferred to Charleston, he wa.s 
 sent by General Leslie to James' Island on parole, 
 where he was detained as a hostage ; and, becoming 
 exasperated, after four months' imprisonment, he de- 
 termined to escape, in which puqjose he was success- 
 ful. He addressed a letter to General Leslie, inform- 
 ing him of his reasons for withdrawing, but consid- 
 ered himself subject to the disposal of the British 
 authority. An exchange was effected by General 
 Greene, and he returned to his position as Governor. 
 He retired from public life the next year, and died 
 near Hillsborough, December 2, 1783. 
 
 liurleifjh, John JT, — He was bom in Soutli Ber- 
 wick, Maine, October 9, 1833 ; received an academic 
 education ; went to sea at the age of sixteen ; com- 
 manded a ship on foreign voyages seven years ; left 
 the sea in 18.53 and engaged in manufacturing ; was a 
 member of the State House of Representatives in 1863, 
 18()-t, 1866, and 1872 ; Delegate at large to the Nation- 
 al Republican Convention at Baltimore in 1864, and 
 was elected to the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Surleif/h, Walter A. — He was a Delegate from 
 the Territory of Dakota to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Jliirleif/Ji, Villi am . — He was born in Rocking- 
 ham, New Hampshire, bred a lawyer, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from South Berwick, York 
 County, Maine, for two terms, from 1833 to 1837, and 
 was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in 
 the State Department. Died in July, 1827. 
 
 Jiurlingatne, Anson. — Born in New Berlin, 
 Chenango County, New York, November 14, 1833. 
 His youth was spent on the Western frontiers, at one 
 time acting with surveying parties, and at another 
 participating in the making of Indian treaties, far 
 beyond the confines of civilization. He laid the 
 foundation of his education at the Branch Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, but, removing to Massachusetts, he 
 entered Harvard University, where he received a de- 
 gree in 1846. He studied law and practiced in 
 Boston. In 1853 he was elected to the State Senate, 
 and in 18.53 was a member of the Convention for 
 revising the Constitution of Massachusetts. He was 
 elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress ; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as 
 a member of tlie Committee on Foreign Affairs. He 
 was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the same Committee. In 1861 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Austria, and 
 subsequently to China, which latter position he re- 
 signed in 1867 to accept a diplomatic appointment 
 from China to the European Powers, as well as to tlie 
 United States. Died in St. Petersburg, Russia, Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1870. 
 
 JBliriiell, Sarker. — He was a native of Nan- 
 tucket. When only twenty-two years of age he was 
 chosen a member of the House of Representatives in 
 his native Commonwealth. A few years later he 
 passed into the Senatorial body, where, in spite of his 
 youth, he became a leading member. He sat also in 
 the Convention which framed the present Constitution 
 of Massachusetts ; took an active part in the Harris- 
 burg Convention of 1840 ; and served as a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1841 to 
 1843. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, 
 June 4, 1843, aged forty-five years. 
 
 Btirnet, ,Tacob. — Was born in Newark, New 
 Jersey, on February 22, 1770. He was a graduate 
 
 of Princeton College in 1791 ; was admitted to the 
 bar by the Supreme Court of New Jer.sey in 1796, 
 and removed to Cincinnati immediately thereafter, 
 where he continued to reside until his death. He 
 was a member of the first Legislative Council of 
 Ohio in 1799. During the first twenty years of that 
 residence he devoted himself to the jiractice of his 
 profession, and was ranked among the most distin- 
 guished members of the bar. \\'hen the second 
 grade of the Territorial Government was established, 
 in 1799, he was appointed by President Adams a mem- 
 ber of the Legislative Council, which apjjoiutment he 
 held till the establishment of the State Govern- 
 ment of Ohio, in the winter of 1802-'03. He was 
 a member of the State Legislature during the War 
 of 1812, and took an active jiart in sustaining the 
 measures proposed in that body to aid the General 
 Government in maintaining the contest. In 1831 he 
 was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court of Ohio, which commission he resigned in 
 December, 1838, and was immediately afterwards 
 elected to the Senate of the United States, to fill the 
 vacancy occasioned by the resignation of his friend 
 General Harrison, serving until 1831. In the same 
 year he was chosen by the Legislature of the State 
 of Kentucky one of the Commissioners to settle 
 the matters in controversy between that State and 
 the Commonwealth of Virginia, in regard to the 
 complaints of the hitter against the statute of 
 limitation. He was the first President of the As- 
 tronomical Society of Cincinnati, and still continued, 
 in 18.53, an active member of that institution. He 
 was for many years the President of the Colonization 
 Society of Hamilton County, President of the Board 
 of Trustees of the Medical College of Ohio, and 
 President of the Board of Trustees of the Cincinnati 
 College, and, upon the nomination by Lafayette, had 
 been elected a member of the French Academy. In 
 1847 he published a volume entitled "Notes on the 
 Early Settlement of the North-western Territory," 
 which is considered as containing much interesting 
 infonuation, especially as to Ohio, the progress of 
 which he mtnessed from a Territory. He died at 
 Cincinnati in 1853. 
 
 liuruetf, Fraiilc ('. — Bom in Wyoming County, 
 Pennsylvania, March 19, 1842 ; received an academic 
 education ; left college to enlist in the Fifty-second 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers ; promoted, and, after serv- 
 ing through the peninsular campaign, was discharged 
 in 1863, on a surgeon's certificate of disability ; was 
 in mercantile pursuits from 1864 to 1869, and has 
 since been engaged in banking. Was elected for the 
 unexpired term of U. S. Mercur, resigned. 
 
 Jiiimeff, Henri/ C. — Born in Essex County, Vir- 
 ginia, October 5, 1835 ; studied law as a profession, 
 practiced law in Kentucky ; was Clerk in the Circuit 
 Court of Trigg County, in that State, from 1851 to 
 1853, and a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was Chairman, during 
 the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, of 
 the Committee of Inquiry in regard to the sale of 
 Fort Snelling, and a member of the Committee on. 
 the District of Columbia. Reelected to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh, but 
 was expelled for treasonable conduct in December, 
 1861, and took part in the Rebellion. Died of cholera 
 near Hopkinton, Kentucky, October 1, 1866. 
 
 Burneff, Peter IT. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Oregon, and in 1849 was appointed a Judge of the 
 United States Court for that Territory ; and had pre- 
 viously been a Judge of the Sujireme Court in Cali- 
 fornia, as well as Governor of the same. 
 
 Burnett, William. — He graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1749, and was a Delegate from New 
 
f;o 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781. 
 Died in 1791. 
 
 Huruhatn, Alfred A. — Born in Windham, 
 Windham County, Connecticut, March 8, 1819 ; pre- 
 pared himself for college at the Suffield Literary 
 Institution ; taught scliool for a while, and spent one 
 year at Washington College, which he left for want of 
 means ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 
 1843 ; was elected to the Connecticut Legislature in 
 
 1844 and 1845 ; was Clerk of the State Senate in 
 1847 ; and was subsequently appointed Judge of 
 Probate for the District of Danbury. In 1850 he was 
 again elected to the State Legislature ; in 1837 Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor of Connecticut ; in 1838 again elected 
 to the Legislature, and made Speaker ; and in 1839 
 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Patents. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Biiruham, Curtis F. — He was born In Rich- 
 mond, Kentucky, May 34, 1820 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1840 ; at the Transylvania Law School m 
 1842, receiving the degree of LL.B. ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and, in 1852, a Presidential Elector ; was an un- 
 successful candidate for the United States Senate in 
 1863 ; from 1870 to 1875 he was Cashier of the Farm- 
 ers' National Bank of Richmond ; and in April, 1875, 
 lie was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. 
 In 1846 he received the degree of A.M. from Yale 
 College, and in 1873 that of LL.D. from the Central 
 College of Kentucky. 
 
 Burns, JosepJi, — Born in Waynesborough, Au- 
 gusta County, Virginia, March 11, 1800 ; was edu- 
 cated at the Ohio Union Schools ; was by trade a 
 hatter, and then a farmer ; filled various County and 
 State offices ; and was elected from the State of Ohio 
 a Representative in the Thirty -fifth Congress. He 
 was a member of the Committees on Expenditures in 
 the Post Office Department and on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Siirns, Robert. — He was horn in New Hamp- 
 shire ; served three years in the State Legislature as 
 Senator and Representative, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Hampshire from 1833 to 1837. 
 Died at Plj-mouth, New Hampshire, June 20, 1866. 
 
 Burnside, Ambrose E. — Born In Liberty, 
 Union County, Indiana, May 23, 1824 ; graduated at 
 West Point in 1847 ; served as an officer of artillery 
 with ' credit on the frontiers ; in 1853 resigned his 
 commission, and turned his attention to the manufac- 
 ture of guns, and invented the rifle which bears his 
 name. He was for a time associated with George B. 
 McClellan in business at Chicago, but was a citizen of 
 New York in 1861. During the whole progress of 
 the war he was constantly on duty, participated in 
 many battles, became greatly distinguished, and at- 
 tained the highest honors and titles of the service. 
 His services as a General will always be treasured in 
 the military history of his country. In 1866 he was 
 elected Governor of Rhode Island, and in 1875 took his 
 seat in the Senate of the United States for the term 
 ending in 1881, serving on various important commit- 
 tees. 
 
 Burn side, Thomas. — Was an Associate Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1813 to 1816, when he resigned. He died at German- 
 town, Pennsylvania, March 25, 1827. 
 
 Burr, Aaron. — He was born in Newark, New 
 Jersey, February 6, 1756. He graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1772, at the age of sixteen ; in 
 
 1775, in his twentieth year, he joined the American 
 anny under Washington, at Cambridge ; accom- 
 panied General Arnold as a private soldier in his 
 expedition against Quebec ; after his arrival there 
 he acted as an Aid-de-camp to General Montgomery ; 
 and, on his return, in 1776, General Washington in- 
 vited him to join his family at headquarters. Some 
 circumstances soon took place by which he forever 
 lost the confidence of Washington, and the hostility 
 of the former to the latter, from that time, was undi;;- 
 guised and unmitigated. In 1777 he was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, and distinguished himself as an 
 able and brave officer ; but in March, 1779, he was, 
 on account of the state of his health, compelled to 
 resign his office and retire from military life. He 
 then devoted himself to the study of law ; com- 
 menced practice at Albany in 1782, but soon removed 
 to the city of New York ; he became distinguished 
 in Ilia profession ; was appointed Attorney-General 
 of New York in 1789 ; from 1791 to 1797 he was 
 a member of the United States Senate, and bore 
 a conspicuous part as a leader of the Democratic 
 or Republican party. At the election of President of 
 tlie United States for the fourth Presidential term 
 Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr had each seventy- 
 three votes, and the choice was decided by Congress, 
 on the thirty-sixth ballot, in favor of Jefferson for 
 President and Burr for Vice-President. On the 12th 
 of July, 1804, Colonel Burr gave Alexander Hamilton, 
 long his professional rival and political opponent, a 
 mortal wound in a duel. He soon after conceived the 
 project of his enterprise in the Western country of 
 the United States, for which he was at length appre- 
 hended and brought to Richmond, in August, 1807, 
 on a charge of treason, and after a long trial was ac- 
 quitted. He afterwards returned to the city of New 
 York, practiced law to some extent, but passed the 
 remainder of his life in comparative obscurity and 
 neglect. He was of small stature, yet he had a lofty 
 mien, a military air, a remarkably brilliant eye, and 
 a striking appearance. He possessed distinguished 
 talents and many accomplishments. He died on 
 Staten Island, New York, September 14, 1836, and 
 his life was published in 1838 by Matthew L. Davis. 
 
 Burr, Albert G. — He was born in Illinois in 
 1829 ; received a good English education ; adopted 
 the profession of law ; was elected to the Illinois 
 Legislature in 1861 ; was a member of the State Con- 
 stitutional Convention of 1862, and author of the ad- 
 dress accompanying the Constitution to the people ; 
 re-elected in 1863, and in 1866 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Illinois to the Fortieth and Forty-first 
 Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolution- 
 ary Invalid Pensions, Elections, and War Department. 
 
 Burrell, J. IH. — He was a native of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was appointed a Judge of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Kansas. 
 
 Bur ritf,, Tames. — He was born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, April 25, 1772 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1788 ; studied law, devoted himself to 
 its practice, and was Attorney-General of the State 
 of Rhode Island from 1797 to 1813 ; was a member 
 and Speaker of the Assembly in 1814 ; and was Chief 
 Justice of the State in 1816. He was elected to the 
 United States Senate in 1816, and served as a member 
 of the Committees on the Judiciary, on Commerce, 
 on Manufactures, and on Accounts. He died at 
 Washington, before the expiration of his term, De- 
 cember 25, 1820. He was considered an able scholar 
 and a wise judge. 
 
 Burronffhs, Silas 31. — He was born in New 
 York ; served four years in the Legislature of that 
 State, and was elected a Rejiresentative to the Thirty- 
 , fifth Congress from New York, and was a member 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 61 
 
 3f the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was re- 
 elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and died at Me- 
 iiua. New York, June 3, 1860. 
 
 Burrows, Daniel,— Re was born in Qroton, 
 Connecticut, and was a Representative In Congress 
 from Connecticut from 1831 to 1823. 
 
 Siirrows. ,JnJiiis C. — Was bom in North East, 
 Erie County, Pennsylvania, January 9, 1887 ; by pro- 
 fession a lawyer ; and was elected to the Forty -third 
 Congress from the State of Michigan, serving on the 
 Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of that on the 
 Navy Department. 
 
 litirrows, Lorenzo. — He was bom in Connecti- 
 ;ut, and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1849 to 1853 ; and in 1855 he was elected 
 Comptroller of New York. 
 
 Surf, Armistead. — He was born in South Car- 
 alina, received a liberal education, adopted the pro- 
 fession of law, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from South Carolina from 1843 to 1853. During a 
 part of the Thirtieth Congress he officiated as Speak- 
 sr of the House of Representatives. Was a Delegate 
 to the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 JBui-t, Francis, — He was born in Pendleton, 
 South Carolina, in 1809 ; received a good education ; 
 in 1853 he was appointed Third Auditor of tlie Treas- 
 ury, by President Pierce ; resigned that office in 1854^ 
 to accept the Governorship of Nebraska ; and two 
 weeks after his arrival in that Territory he died, at 
 Bellevue, October 18, 1854. 
 
 Surton, Allan, A, — He was a citizen of Ken- 
 tucky, and in 1861 was appointed Minister Resident 
 ;o the Republic of Colombia, where he remained un- 
 :il 1867. In 1871 he was appointed Secretary to the 
 Commission that visited the Dominican Republic. 
 
 Surton, Hufchins O. — He was bom in Gran- 
 rille County, North Carolina ; studied law ; in 1810 
 •epresented Mecklenburg in the State Legislature, 
 md, in 1816, the County of Halifax ; was for several 
 rears Attornej'-General of the State. He served as a 
 Representative in Congress from North Carolina 
 "rom 1819 to 1824, and was a member of the Com- 
 nittees on the Judiciary and Military Affairs ; he was 
 ;hen elected Governor of North Carolina, from 1824 
 ;o 1827. He died in Iredell County, April 21, 1836. 
 
 Surton, Sobert. — He was a Delegate from 
 S^orth Carolina to the Continental Congress from 
 1787 to 1788. 
 
 Surton, William. — He was bom in Delaware, 
 
 md elected Governor of that State in 1859, holding 
 ;he office until 1863. 
 
 SHrirell, If'illiain A, — He was a Representa- 
 ;ive in Congress from Virginia from 1806 to 1821. 
 3ied February 16, 1821, in Washington City, before the 
 ;xpiratiou of his term. 
 
 Sushi/, George H, — He was born in Darstown, 
 NTorthumberland County, Pennsylvania, July 10, 
 L794. In 1810 he removed with "his father to Ohio, 
 where he acquired a knowledge of the cabinet-mak- 
 ng business and devoted himself to farming. In 
 [824 he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Com- 
 non Pleas and of the Supreme Court, and subse- 
 juently a Recorder of Deeds in the County of Marion ; 
 md he was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 
 1853 from Ohio. 
 
 Susli i/head , fTesse,—B.e was a Cherokee, a 
 
 self-made man, and acquired great distinction among 
 his tribe, and filled many public trusts ; was Chief 
 Justice of the Cherokees ; and died at the Mission iu 
 the Cherokee Nation, West, July 17, 1844. 
 
 Susteed, Sichard, — He was born in Ireland, 
 became a citizen of New York city, entered into poli- 
 tics, and in 1864 was appointed United States Judge 
 for the District Court of Alabama, residing in Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 Sutler, Andrew Piclcens, — He was born in 
 Edgefield District, South Carolina, November 19, 
 1796. He graduated at South Carolina College in 
 1817, studied law, and came to the bar in 1818 ; be- 
 came a member of the Legislature when quite a 
 young man. and was appointed in 1835 one of the 
 Judges of the General Sessions of Common Pleas, 
 which office he held until 1847, when he was ap- 
 pointed by the Executive to fill the vacancy in the 
 United States Senate caused by the death of Mr. 
 McDuffie. He was subsequently elected and re-elected 
 to the same position, and was in this ofiice at the 
 time of his death, which occurred at his home, May 
 25, 1857. He was a statesman of ability and influ- 
 ence ; was a relative of Preston S. Brooks ; and it 
 was because of remarks made about him in debate, 
 by Charles Sumner, that Mr. Brooks made a personal 
 assault upon Mr. Sunmer. 
 
 Sutler, Anthony. — He was a citizen of Mis- 
 sissippi, and from 1829 to 1836 he was Charge d'Af- 
 faires to Mexico, returning to the United States in the 
 latter year. 
 
 Sutler, Senjamin Franklin. — He was bom 
 
 in Kinderhook, New York, December 14, 1795 ; stud- 
 ied law with Martin Van Buren, and after his ad- 
 mission to the bar, in 1817, became the law partner 
 of his law preceptor ; in 1821 he was appointed Dis- 
 trict Attorney for the city of Albany ; in 1824 he was 
 appointed one of three lawyers to revise the laws of 
 New York ; iu 1827 he was elected to the State Legis- 
 lature ; in 1829 he was appointed a Regent of the 
 New York University, resigning the position in 1833 ; 
 in 1833 he was appointed a Commissioner to settle a 
 dispute between the States of New York and New 
 Jersey ; in November of the same year he went into 
 President Jackson's Cabinet as Attorney-General, and 
 continued in the office one year with President Van 
 Buren ; from October, 1836, to March, 1837, he offici- 
 ated as Secretary of War : in 1845 he was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector, and he was subsequently twice appointed 
 United States Attorney for the Southern District of 
 New York. In October, 1858, he went to Europe for 
 the improvement of his health, and in a few weeks 
 thereafter he died at Paris. From his funeral ser- 
 mon, preached in New York city by the Rev. Dr. 
 William B. Sprague, we learn that he was a man of 
 superior ability and high character. 
 
 Sutler, Senjamin Franklin.— He was born 
 in South Deerfield, New Hampshire, November 5, 
 1818 ; his grandfather, Zephaniah, having been an 
 officer in the Revolution, and his father, John, having 
 served under General Jackson at New Orleans. He 
 graduated at Waterville College in 1838 ; studied 
 law, and on being admitted to the bar settled in 
 Lowell, Massachusetts, practicing his profession in 
 that city and in Boston ; in 1853 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, and was subsequently a member 
 of the Convention to revise the State Constitution ; iu 
 1859 he was elected to the State Senate ; in 1860 was 
 a Delegate to the Charleston Convention ; in 1861 was 
 ap])ointed a Brigadier-General, and entered actively 
 into the war movements ; before the close of that 
 year he was made a Major-General, serving as such 
 in New Orleans and various other portions of the 
 
G3 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 rebellious States ; at the conclusion of the Rebellion 
 he resumed his profession of law in Lowell, and in 
 18156 he was elected a Representative from Massa- 
 chusetts to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Ordnance and Appropriations, and as 
 Chairman of the Special Committee on the Assassina- 
 tion of President Lincoln ; and he was one of the 
 Managers in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew John- 
 son. Re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and 
 Forty -third Congresses, serving as Chairman of Com- 
 mittees on the Judiciary and Reconstruction. 
 
 Butler, Chester. — Bom in Wilkesbarre, Lu- 
 zerne County, Pennsylvania, in March, 1798 ; gradua- 
 ted at Princeton College in 1817 ; read law at the 
 Litchfield School, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1830. He served three terms in the Legislature of 
 Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Congress, 
 from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
 He died in Philadelphia, October 5, 1850. 
 
 Sutler, Da rid. — He was elected Governor of 
 Nebraska in 1807, having been the first elected to 
 that office, and he served one year. 
 
 Sutler, Ezra. — He left Weathersfield, Vermont, 
 in September, 1786, and settled in Waterbury ; he 
 was a statesman of the JefEersonian school ; was a 
 member of the Assembly eleven years ; and member 
 of the Council fifteen years ; first Judge of Chitten- 
 don County Court, from 1803 to 1806, and Chief Jus- 
 tice, from 1806 to 1811 ; Chief Justice of Jefferson 
 County from 1814 to 1836 ; Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1813 to 1815 ; member of the Vermont 
 Constitutional Convention in 1833 ; and Governor of 
 that State from 1836 to 1838; making fifty-three 
 years of public service. He died in Waterbury, July 
 19, 1838, aged seventy-six. 
 
 Sutler, .Toniah. — Bom in Rockingham County, 
 New Hampshire, in 1780, and died at Deerfield, Octo- 
 ber 39, 1854. He graduated at Harvard University in 
 1803 ; .studied law in Virginia, and practiced it in his 
 native Stale. He was repeatedly elected to the State 
 Legislature ; was a County Sheriff, and a Clerk of the 
 Courts. He was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from New Hampshire, in 1817, and served in that 
 capacity until 1833, officiating as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Agriculture during the Seventeenth 
 Congress. He was then appointed Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court of New Hampshire, which he held until 
 the office was abolished. 
 
 Sutler, Piei'ce. — He came of the family of the 
 Dukes of Ormond, in Ireland. Before the Revolution 
 he was a Major in a British regiment in Boston, but 
 afterwards attached himself to the republican insti 
 tutions of America. In 1787 he was a Delegate from 
 South Carolina to the old Congress ; in 1788, a mem- 
 ber of the Convention which framed the Constitution 
 of the United States, having signed the same ; and 
 under it, was one of the first Senators from South 
 Carolina, and remained in Congress till 1796. He 
 was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of 
 Government on the Potomac. On the death of J. E. 
 Calhoun, in 1803, he became again a Senator in Con- 
 gre-s, but resigned in 1804. He was ojiposed to some 
 of the measures of Washington's administration, but 
 approved of the War of 1813. He died at Philadel- 
 pliia, February 15, 1833, aged seventy-seven. 
 
 Sutler, Pierce M. — Born in Edgefield District, 
 South Carolina, April 11, 1798 ; was lieutenant Fourth 
 Infantry in 1819 ; Captain in 1835 ; resigned in 1839 ; 
 was Cashier and then President of the State Bank of 
 Columbia ; Lieutenant-Colonel of Goodwin's Mounted 
 Volunteers in the Florida War, in 1836 ; Governor of 
 
 South Carolina from 1836 to 1838; United States 
 agent for the Cherokees west of the Mississippi ; ap- 
 pointed to treat with the Comanche Indians ; made 
 Colonel of the Palmetto regiment in the Mexican 
 War, in 1846, in which he distinguished himself, 
 and was twice wounded ; he was suljsequently killed 
 at the battle of Churubusco, August 30, 1847. 
 
 Butler, Soflerick B. — He was bom in Wythe- 
 ville, Virginia ; received a limited education ; com- 
 menced life as a mechanic, but having studied law, 
 adopted that profession and settled in 'Penuessee ; he 
 was a Justice of the Peace, a Major of the Militia, a 
 Postmaster under President Fillmore ; served two years 
 in the State Assembly and one in the State Senate ; 
 was a County Judge, and a Lieutenant-Colonel during 
 the Rebellion ; and was subsequently Judge of the 
 First Judicial District of the State, holding the ofl3ce 
 from 1865 to 1867, when he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress. He 
 was also Chairman of the Republican State Commit- 
 tee ; re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, 
 serving on the Committees on Labor, Indian Affairs, 
 and Elections, and Chainnan of that on the Militia. 
 
 Sutler, Sairison If. — He was bom in South 
 Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1840 to 1843. 
 
 Butler, Thomas. — He was bom in Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Louisiana from 1818 to 1831. Died August 14, 
 1847. 
 
 Sutler, Thomas S. — He was born in Wethers- 
 field, Connecticut, in 1807 ; was educated a lawyer ; 
 served in the Connecticut Legislature ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 
 1849 to 1851. Died in Norwalk, June 8, 1873. 
 
 Butler, William. — Born in Prince William 
 County. Virginia, in 1759 ; graduated at South Caro- 
 lina College as student of medicine ; was a Lieuten- 
 ant in Lincoln's army in 1779 ; was engaged at Stono, 
 and served in the famous corps of Pulaski until the 
 death of the latter. He next joined General Pickens ; 
 served with General Lee under Greene at the siege 
 of Ninety-Six ; knd performed other valuable service. 
 He commanded/a company of mounted rangers, and 
 took part in many conflicts with the Tories. Soon 
 after the war he was made a Brigadier-General, and, 
 in 1796, Major-General of Militia. He was a member 
 of the United States Congress from 1801 to 1811. Was 
 a member of the Convention of 1787 to consider the 
 adoption of the Federal Constitution, and voted 
 against it. He was a member of the Convention 
 which framed the Constitution of South Carolina, and 
 for some years a member of the Legislature ; in 1794 
 was Sheriff, and at one time magistrate. In the War 
 of 1813 he commanded the South Carolina troops for 
 State defense. He died in Columbia, South Carolina, 
 November 15, 1831. He was the father of Senator 
 A. P. and of Pierce M. Butler. 
 
 Butler, iniliam. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 
 1810 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 South Carolina from 1841 to 1843. He was the 
 brother of the late Senator A. P. Butler, and his wife 
 was the sister of the late Commodore O. H. Perry. 
 
 Butler. TVilliam O. — He was born in Jessa- 
 mine County, Kentucky, in 1793, and came of a fam- 
 ily honorably identified with the Revolution. He was 
 liberally educated, and when the War of 1813 broke 
 out he enlisted as a soldier ; was an ensign under 
 General Winchester, at the battle of the River Rai- 
 sin ; and under General Jackson, in the South, he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 63 
 
 attained the rank of Captain, and was made a Colonel ' 
 in 1817. After spending many years in retirement, ' 
 he was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Kentucky in 1839, and re-elected in 1841 ; and during 
 the war with Mexico he obtained such distinction 
 that he was promoted to the position of Major-Gen- 
 eral in the regular army ; a sword was voted to him 
 by Congress, March 2, 1847 ; and when General Scott 
 was recalled from the City of Mexico, General Butler 
 was left chief-in-command, and announced the ratifi- 
 cation of the treaty of peace. May 29, 1848. In 1848 
 he was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, 
 on the ticket with Lewis Cass for President. He was 
 appointed, by President Pierce, Governor of Nebras- 
 ka Territory, but declined the appointment. He is 
 tbe author of many fugitive pieces of poetry, several 
 of which possess uncommon merit, and one, entitled 
 " The Boat Horn," has attained great popularity. In 
 1801 he was member of the Peace Congress held in 
 Washington. His " Life and Public Services," from 
 the pen of F. P. Blair, was published in 1848, but he 
 was still living in 1875. 
 
 lintman, Samitcl. — He was a member of the 
 Maine Legislature in 1823, 1826, and 1827, and a 
 Representative in Congress from Penobscot County, 
 Maine, from 1827 to 1831, and v.-as a member of the 
 Committee on Internal Improvements. In 1846 he 
 was a County Commissioner, and in 1853 he was re- 
 elected to the Legislature, and made President of the 
 Senate. Died in 1864. 
 
 linttcr field, Martin. — He was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agri- 
 cul ture. 
 
 Bjfiinm, tTefise A. — Born in Halifax County, 
 North Carolina. He was educated at LTnion College, 
 New York ; served a number of years in the State 
 Legislatitre ; was a member of Congress from North 
 Carolina from 1833 to 1841. While in Congress lie 
 fought a duel with Daniel Jenifer, which fcminated 
 harmlessly ; and at the close of his last t^m he re- 
 moved to Louisiana. 
 
 Si/rd, Chnrlen IV, — He was bom in Virginia ; 
 received a liberal education, and settled in Ohio ; and, 
 in 1803, he was appointed by President Jefferson 
 United States Judge for the District of Ohio. 
 
 Jii/rrl, If'iffinm 31. — He was bom in Mississippi, 
 December 6,. 1817 ; was well educated, and adopted 
 the profession of law ; removed to Alabama in 1842, 
 and, after successfully following his profession, was 
 elected to the Bench of the Supreme Court of the 
 State ; and in 1874 was designated as a Commissioner 
 from Alabama to the Centennial Exhibition. Was 
 killed by a railway accident near Selma, Alabama, 
 September 21, 1874. 
 
 Cabell, IHflirard C. — Born in Richmond, Vir- 
 ginia, 1817 ; graduated at the University of Virginia, 
 and, in 1837, removed to the Territory of Florida, 
 where he settled as a cotton planter. He represented 
 the State of Florida in Congress from 1847 to 1853. 
 
 Cahell, George C. — Born in Danville, Virginia, 
 January 25, 1837 ; educated at Danville Academy 
 until eighteen years of age ; then taught school in 
 Henry County, devoting his leisure hours to the study 
 of law ; attended the University of Virginia Law 
 School in 1857 and 1838 ; began to practice at Dan- 
 ville in the latter year, when he was elected Attorney 
 for the Commonwealth, which position he held until 
 the war, when he entered the Confederate service in 
 1861, raised a company and was made Captain, then 
 Major in the Eighteenth Virginia Infantry, and sub- 
 
 sequently Lieutenant-Colonel of the same ; partici- 
 pated in most of the battles fought by the Northern 
 Virginia Army, beginning with Slanassas, and was 
 several times wounded, and at the end of the war 
 held the rank of Colonel. After the war, resumed 
 the practice of law at Danville ; was nominated for 
 Congress by the Conservatives in 1874, and elected as 
 a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Cahell, Samuel J. — In the beginning of the 
 War of the Revolution he was at William and Mary 
 College, and left there to join the first armed corps 
 raised in Virginia, and soon attained the rank of 
 Lieutenant-Colonel in the Continental Army, serving 
 with honor in all the camjiaigns, till the fall of 
 Charleston, May 12, 1780, when he became a prisoner, 
 and the close of the war restored him to liberty. 
 For many years he was a member of the Virginia 
 Assembly, and a Representative in Congress from 
 Virginia from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nelson 
 County, Virginia, September 4, 1818, aged sixty -one 
 years. 
 
 Cabell, William IT. — He was Governor of Vir- 
 ginia from 1805 to 1808 ; afterwards President of the 
 Court of Appeals, and spent fifty years in public 
 life. Died in Richmond, Virginia, January 17, 1853. 
 
 Cable, .Joseph. — He was born in Ohio, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Cabot, George. — Bom in Salem, Massachusetts, 
 in 1752, and employed the early part of his life in 
 foreign commerce. Before he was twenty-six years 
 old he was elected a member of the Provincial Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts, where he advocated those 
 principles of political economy for which he was 
 afterwards distinguished ; hfi was a member of the 
 Convention which formed the Constitution of that 
 State, and also of that which ratified the Constitution 
 of the United States, to promote which he made the 
 most strenuous exertions. From 1791 to 1796 he 
 served in the United States Senate, and was one of 
 the most distinguished members of that body ; a con- 
 fidential friend of Washington and Hamilton, to the 
 latter of whom he rendered most important assistance 
 in forming his financial system. In 1808 he was a 
 member of the Council of Massachusetts, and in 1814 a 
 Delegate to the Hartford Convention, and was made 
 President of that body. lie, after that period, re- 
 tired from public life, and died at Boston, April 18, 
 1823, aged seventy-two. 
 
 Cfidwalader, John. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 April 1, 1805 ; was the son of General Thomas Cad- 
 walader, and grandson of General John Cadwalader 
 of the Revolutionary Army. He graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1831 ; studied law and 
 came to the bar in 1825 ; continued to practice his 
 profession in Philadelphia until 1854, when he was 
 elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress ; he declined a re-nomination and returned to 
 the practice of his profession ; and in 1858 he was 
 appointed Judge of the District Court of the United 
 States for the Eastern' District of Pennsylvania, 
 which position he now holds. 
 
 Cadwalader, John L. — He was bom near 
 Trenton, New Jersey, on an old family estate, in 1837 ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1856, and also at 
 the Law School of Harvard University ; admitted to 
 the bar in New York in 1860, and continued in the 
 practice until July 1, 1874, when he was appointed 
 Assistant Secretary of State. 
 
 Cadwalader, Latnbert. — He was born in 
 Trenton, New Jersev. He commanded a regiment 
 
64 
 
 IIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 early in fhe Revolution, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from ITyj to 1791, 
 and again from 1793 to 1795. He was one of those 
 wlio voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. He died in Trenton, September 12, 1823, 
 aged eighty-two years. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1787. 
 
 Cady, Daitief, — He was born in Chatham, Co- 
 
 lumljia County, New York, April 29, 1773 ; was bred 
 a shoemalier ; studied law, admitted to the bar in 
 179.J, and practiced with success ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 
 1817, having previously served five years in tlie State 
 Legislature. In 1846 he was elected a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of New York, which he resigned in 
 1856 ; aud he was a Presidential Elector in 1856, 
 when he presided over the College. In April, 1859, 
 without a moment's warning, he became totally blind. 
 Died in Johnstown, New York, October 31, 1859. 
 
 Cnfhf, 'John IV. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1822, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. 
 
 Cdfje, Harry.—'E.e was a Representative in 
 Congress from Mississippi from 1883 to 1835. 
 
 Cdhoon, IViUiam. — He was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1809, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Vermont from 1829 to 1833. From 1815 to 
 1820 he was also a State Councilor ; County Judge 
 for nine years ; Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont in 
 1820 and 1821 ; and for seven years a member of the 
 State Legislature. 
 
 Cain, Richard H. — He was born in Greenbrier 
 County, Virginia, April 12, 1825 ; removed to Ohio in 
 1831, and settled in Gallipolis ; received a limited 
 education ; entered the ministry at an early age ; be- 
 came a student at Wilberforce University, at Xenia, 
 Ohio, in 1860 ; removed to Brooklyn, New York, 
 where he discharged ministerial duties for four 
 years ; was sent as a missionary to the f reedmen in 
 South Carolina ; was chosen a member of the Consti- 
 tutional Convention of South Carolina ; was elected 
 a member of the State Senate and served two years ; 
 edited a newspaper from 1868 ; and was elected to 
 the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Agriculture. 
 
 Cah'e, Henr}/ L. — Born in Northumberland, 
 Pennsylvania, October 6, 1827 ; educated in the 
 schools of his native town ; learned the business of 
 printing at Harrisburg. and settled in Schuylkill 
 County in 1847 ; was elected Brigadier-General of 
 Militia in 1854. On April 18, 1861, he arrived in 
 Washington in command of the first five hundred 
 soldiers enlisted to put down the Rebellion, aud was 
 quartered in the Capitol twenty-four hours before 
 any other volunteers had arrived. In May these 
 troops were organized as the Twenty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, and he was elected its 
 Colonel ; after serving for a time under Generals 
 Stone and Patterson he reorganized his regiment, 
 which became the Ninety-sixth, and continued in 
 the service until 1863, when he resigned. Before en- 
 tering the army he was twice a candidate for the 
 State Senate ; and in 1866 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty- 
 first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Print- 
 ing, the Library, and Roads and Canals, and as Chair- 
 man of Accounts. 
 
 Caldirelf, Alexander.— He was for several 
 
 years United States District Judge for the Western 
 District of Virginia, and died at Wheeliug, April 8, 
 
 Caldivell, George A. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1843, and again from 1849 to 
 1851. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " National Uziiou Convention" of 1866. Died in Lou- 
 isville, September 17, 1866. 
 
 Caldwell, Greene W. — Bom in Gaston County, 
 North Carolina, April 13, 1811. He studied medicine, 
 and practiced witli success, but subsequently devoted 
 himself to the law. He served a number of years in 
 the State Legislature, and was a member of Congress 
 from North Carolina from 1841 to 1843. He was sub- 
 sequently appointed Superintendent of the United 
 States Mint at Charlotte, which jjosition he resigned. 
 He participated in the war with Mexico as volunteer 
 Captain of a company of dragoons. 
 
 Caldwell, Tfenry C— -He was bom in Virginia; 
 received a good education, aud studied law ; emi- 
 grated to Arkansas and entered into practice ; and in 
 1864 he was appointed United States District Judge 
 for the District of Arkansas, residing at Little Rock. 
 
 Caldwell , James. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Caldivell , John C. — He was born in Maine, and 
 was appointed from that State, in 1874, Minister Resi- 
 dent to Uruguay, residing at Montevideo. He was 
 also accredited to Paraguay. 
 
 Caldwell, John IT. — He was born in Hunts- 
 ville, Alabama ; studied two years at Bacon College, 
 Ilarrodsburg, Kentucky ; was a member of the Legis- 
 lature of Alabama in 1857 ; admitted to the bar in 
 1859 ; elected Solicitor for the Tenth Judicial Circuit 
 by the Legislature at the Session of 1859 ; re-elected 
 in 1863 ; deposed by the Provisional Governor in 1865; 
 re-elected the same winter, and was removed from 
 the ofiice in 1867 by military authority, for refusing 
 to obey military orders. He continued the practice 
 of his profession until elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary 
 Pensions and those of 1812. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress, and was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Caldwell, John W. — He was a citizen of Ohio, 
 and in 1868 was appointed Minister Resident to Boli- 
 via, but remained in office only about one year. 
 
 Caldwell, Joseph JP, — Bom in Iredell County, 
 North Carolina, in 1808. He was educated at Betha- 
 ny Academy ; studied law, and entered public life in 
 1838, as a member of the State Legislature, where he 
 served a number of years, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from North Carolina from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Caldwell, Pafrick C. — He was a native of 
 South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1841 to 1843, serving on the 
 Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 Caldwell , Jtobert F. — He was born in Adair 
 County, Kentucky, December 16, 1821 ; received a 
 public-school education ; studied law and settled in 
 Tennessee ; was elected to the Legislature of Ten- 
 nessee in 1847, and to the Senate in 1855 ; was elected 
 Attorney-General in the Sixteenth Judicial Circuit in 
 1858 ; was Major of Infantry in the Confederate ser- 
 vice ; had his disaliilities removed by Act of Congress; 
 and was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving 
 on the- Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Caldwell, Tod li. — He was born in Morgan- 
 ton, Burke Countj-, North Carolina, in 1818; graduated 
 at the University of tliat State in 1840 ; studied law 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALl 
 
 65 
 
 and came to the bar in 1843 ; served in the State Leg- 
 islature from 1843 to 1844 ; was a State Senator in 
 1850 ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1868 ; and in 1873 he 
 was elected Governor of the State. Died at Hills- 
 borough, North Carolina, July 11, 1874. 
 
 Catdwell, WiUiam P. — Bom at Christmas- 
 ville, Carroll County. Tennessee, November 8, 1832 ; 
 educated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ken- 
 tucky ; studied law at Lebanon, Tennessee, and be- 
 gan to practice at Dresden, in tliat State ; was a mem- 
 ber of the General Assembly in 1857, and again in 
 1869 ; was on the Douglas Electoral Ticket in 1860 ; 
 was a Delegate to the National Democratic Conven- 
 tion in 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair. In 
 1874 he was elected a Representative from Tennessee 
 to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Calhoun, JTenncs S. — He was bom in Georgia, 
 and in 1851 was appointed Governor of the Territory 
 of New Mexico, having been the first who held that 
 position. 
 
 CalhoHn, John. — He was born in Kentucky ; 
 was a lawyer by profession ; was for many years a 
 Circuit Judge ; in 1820 and 1821 was a member of the 
 Legislature from Ohio County, and in 1829, 1830, and 
 1840, a member of the same from Breckinridge Coun- 
 ty, and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Kentucky from 1835 to 1839. The County-seat of 
 McLean County was named for him in 1853. 
 
 Calhoun, John C. — Bom in Abbeville District, 
 South Carolina, March 18, 1783. He was of an Irish 
 family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was born in 
 Ireland, and at an early age came to Pennsylvania, 
 thence went to the western part of Virginia, and after 
 Braddock's defeat, moved to South Carolina in 1756. 
 At the age of thirteen he was put under the charge 
 of his brother-in-law. Dr. Waddell, in Columbia 
 County, Georgia. He entered Yale College in 1803, 
 and graduated with distinction ; studied law at Litch- 
 field, Connecticut ; and in 1807 was admitted to the 
 bar of South Carolina. The next year he entered the 
 Legislature of that State, where he served for two 
 sessions with ability and distinction, and in 1811 was 
 elected to Congress, where he continued until 1817, 
 when lie became Secretary of War under President 
 Monroe, and conducted the afEairs of that department 
 with energy and ability for seven years. In 1835 he 
 was elected Vice-President, and in 183^, upon General 
 Hayne's leaving the Senate to become Governor of 
 South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun resigned the Vice-Pre- 
 sidency, and was elected a member of the United 
 States Senate by the Legislature of South Carolina. 
 After the expiration of his senatorial term, he went 
 voluntarily into retirement. Upon the death of Mr. 
 Upshur, in 1843, he assumed the conduct of the State 
 Department, which he held until the close of Presi- 
 dent Tyler's administration. In 1845 he was again 
 elected Senator, which office he held until his de- 
 cease. From 1811, when he entered Congress, until 
 his death, he was rarely absent from Washington, 
 and during the most of that period he was in the pub- 
 lic service of his State and country. He entered Con- 
 gress at a time of unusual excitement, preceding the 
 declaration of war of 1812, and had great influence in 
 favor of that measure. In the difficulties and embar- 
 rassments upon the termination of war, and the tran- 
 sition to a peace establishment, he took a responsible 
 part. As a presiding officer of the Senate he was 
 punctual, methodical, and accurate, and had a high 
 regard for the dignity of the body, which lie endeav- 
 ored to preserve and maintain. His connection with 
 nullification, his views of the tariff, his opinions in 
 regard to slavery, and the many and exciting ques- 
 tions arising from it, are well known. He shaped the 
 course and molded the opinions of the people of his 
 
 own State, and of some other Southern States, upon 
 all these subjects. Amid all the strifes of party poli- 
 tics, there always existed between him and his politi- 
 cal opponents a great degree of personal kindness. 
 He died in Washington City, March 31, 1850, leaving 
 behind him the reputation of one of the greatest and 
 the purest of American statesmen. His collected 
 writings and speeches were published in six volumes, 
 in 1854 to 1857, accompanied with a biography. 
 
 Calhoun, John E.— Born m 1749, and gradu- 
 ated at Princeton College in 1774. He afterwards 
 studied law, in which profession he became distin- 
 guished. After being for many years in the State 
 Legislature of South Carolina, he was a Senator in 
 Congress from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1803. He 
 was a decided Republican, and supporter of Mr. Jef- 
 ferson. He was one of the Committee who were 
 instructed to report a modification of the Judiciary 
 system of the United States. He died in Pendleton 
 District, November 3, 1803. 
 
 Calhoun, Joseph. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1807 to 1811. 
 
 Calhoun, William B. — He was bom in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, December 29, 1796 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1814 ; bred to the law ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress/from his native State from 
 1835 to 1843. He was also a member of the State 
 Legislature from 1835 to 1835, and Speaker for two 
 years ; President of the State Senate in 1846 and 
 1847 ; Secretary of State from 1848 to 1851 ; Bank 
 Commissioner from 1853 to 1855 ; Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1844 ; and Mayor of Springfield in 1859. Died 
 in Springfield, Massachusetts, November 8, 1865. 
 
 Calkin, Henri/ C. — Born in Maiden, Ulster 
 County, New York, March 23, 1858 ; received a good 
 education ; settled in the City of New York in 1847 ; 
 was for five years employed in the Morgan Iron 
 Works ; in 1853, he commenced business on his own 
 account, as a dealer in a variety of iron and copper 
 materials, and identifying himself with the shipping 
 interests of the country ; held no public positions, 
 excepting that of a school officer in his ward ; and he 
 was elected in 1868, a Representative from New 
 York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Patents. 
 
 Call, Jacob. — He, was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana, from 1824 to 1825. 
 
 Call, Richard K. — He was bom in Kentucky ; 
 and having taken an interest in military affairs, be- 
 came Aide-de-camp to General Jackson in 1818, and 
 was promoted to a Captain soon afterwards, and sub- 
 sequently was appointed Brigadier-General of the' 
 Florida Slilitia. He was a member of the Legislative- 
 Council of Florida in 1833 ; a Delegate to Congress 
 from that Territory, from 1833 to 1825 ; Receiver of 
 Public Money for the Land Office ; and he held the 
 position of Governor of Florida from 1836 to 1839, 
 and again from 1841 to 1844. Died at Tallahassee in 
 September, 1863. 
 
 Callis, John B. — He was bom in North Carolina, 
 in 1838 ; emigrated to Tennessee in 1841 ; from that 
 State he went to Wisconsin ; entered the volunteer 
 forces during the Rebellion as a Lieutenant, and rose 
 to the rank of Brigadier-General ; after the war, he 
 settled in Alabama, and was commissioned a Colonel 
 in the Regular amiy ; and in 1868 was elected a 
 Representative from Alabama to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Enrolled Bills. 
 
 Call-erf, Charles B- — He was born in Prince 
 George County, Maryland, August 34, 1808 ; received 
 
66 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 his earliest education in Philadelphia, but graduated 
 at the University of Virginia in 1827. His whole life 
 has been devoted, on a large scale, to the pursuits of 
 agriculture. He was for many years President of the 
 Maryland Agricultural Society; also of the Prince 
 George County Society ; and Vice-President of the 
 United States Agricultural Society. He has devoted 
 special attention to the raising of superior breeds of 
 cattle, every variety of which he has tried on his ex- 
 tensive farms. He was elected to the Legislature of 
 Maryland in 1839, 1843, and 1844 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on the District 
 of Columbia, and on Agriculture. Died at Riverside, 
 Maryland, May 14, 1864. 
 
 Crili'in, Samuel. — Born in Washingtonville, 
 Columbia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1811. At 
 the age of sixteen, after the death of his father, he 
 was thrown upon his own resources, and became a 
 school-teacher, with the view of supporting his 
 father's family and obtaining the means for a classi- 
 cal education ; he accomplished this object ; subse- 
 quently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1836, and practiced in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. 
 In 1848 he was elected a member from Pennsylvania 
 of the Thirty-first Congress, and in 1850 declined a 
 re-election. 
 
 Canibell, Alexander.— lie was born in Vir- 
 ginia in 1779 ; was bred a physician ; removed to 
 Keutucliy in 1785 ; was a member of the Kentucky 
 Legislature in 1800 ; removed to Ohio in 1803 ; was a 
 member of the Ohio Legislature in 1806 ; was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1813; 
 served as a State Senator from 1813 to 1833 ; and 
 died at Ripley, Ohio, November 5, 1857. 
 
 Canibell, Brooki ns.—He was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Tennessee, in 1808 ; was for many 
 years a member of the State Legislature, and in 1845 
 was unanimously elected Speaker. He was an officer 
 in the Quartermaster's Department in the war with 
 Mexico, and a member of Congress from Tennessee 
 from 1853 to the time of his death, which occurred in 
 Washington, District of Columbia, December 25, 
 1853. 
 
 Cambreleng, Chiircliill C, — He was born in 
 Washington, North Carolina, in 1786, and received an 
 academical education at Newbern, in that State. He 
 had a special fondness for field sports, but did not let 
 them interfere with his duties as a clerk in a Caro- 
 lina store, wliere he was engaged for two years. He 
 removed to New York City in 1802, which has since 
 that time been his home, excepting the year 1806, 
 wlien he was a counting-house clerk in Providence, 
 Rhode Island. He engaged at an early day in mer- 
 cantile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, and traveled 
 extensively over the world. He was a Representative 
 in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1839, and 
 officiated as Chairman of the Committees on Com- 
 merce, Ways and Means, and on Foreign Affairs. In 
 1840 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Russia. His reports and political pamphlets were at 
 one time very numerous — one of the former, on Com- 
 merce and Navigation, having gone through several 
 editions and been re-published in London. It was 
 while traveling in Europe he received the appoint- 
 ment of Minister, and on his return to the United 
 States he retired to private life. Died at West Neck, 
 Long Island, April 30, 1862. 
 
 Cameron, Aiiffiis, — Bom in Caledonia, Living- 
 ston Ccmnty, New York, July 4, 1826 ; studied law at 
 Buffalo, and graduated at the Law School in New 
 York State ; removed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 
 1857 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1863, 
 
 1864, 1871, and 1872, and a member of the Assembly 
 in 1866 and 1867 ; Speaker of that body in 1867 ; a 
 member of the National Republican Convention at 
 Baltimore in 1864 ; was a Regent of the University of 
 Wisconsin from 1866 to 1875, and then elected to the 
 United States Senate by Republicans, Democrats, 
 and Liberals, for the term ending in 1881. 
 
 Cameron, Duncan. — He was of Scotch parent- 
 age but born in North Carolina ; received a liberal 
 education ; was for a long time Judge of the Super- 
 ior Court of the State ; subsequently President of the 
 Bank of North Carolina ; and died at Raleigh, Jan- 
 uary 3, 1853. 
 
 Cameron, John, A. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Florida when it was a Territory ; and he was ap- 
 pointed one of the first Judges for the United States 
 Court in that Territory. 
 
 Cameron, Simon. — He was bom in Lancaster 
 County, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1799, and was left an 
 orphan when only nine years of age. He educated 
 himself while pursuing the employment of a printer 
 in newspaper offices at Harrisburg and in Washing- 
 ton City, and when twenty-two years of age edited 
 and published a Democratic journal at the former 
 city, having previously had charge of a paper, the 
 Pennsi/hania Intelligeneer, at Doylestown, Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1832 he established the Middletown Bank, 
 and devoted much of his attention to the railroad in- 
 terests of his native State, and before entering Con- 
 gress he was the Cashier of a bank, President of two 
 railroad companies, and Adjutant-General of the 
 State. He was first elected a Senator in Congress in 
 1845, where he served until 1849, and he was re 
 elected to the same position in 1857, for the term 
 ending in 1863, but resigned in 1861. He was 
 spoken of in 1860 as one of the candidates for the 
 Presidency, and in 1861 became Secretary of War 
 under President Lincoln. He resigned that position, 
 and was appointed Minister to Russia in 1862. Ho 
 was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 
 1864, and to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion" of 1866; and in January, 1867, he was again 
 chosen a Senator in Congress for the term ending 
 in 1873, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs 
 and Ordnance, and as Chairman of those on Agricul- 
 ture and Foreign Relations. He was also re-elected to 
 the Senate for the fourth term, ending in 1879. 
 
 Campbell, Alexantler. — Born in Concord, 
 Pennsylvania, October 4, 1814 ; received a limited 
 education ; as Clerk and Superintendent was engaged 
 in the iron business in several States, when he settled 
 in Illinois ; was twice Mayor of La Salle ; served two 
 terms in the State Legislature ; was a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1862 ; and elected 
 a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Campbell, David, — He was one of the first 
 Territorial Judges appointed after the adoption of the 
 Constitution — having received his commission from 
 President Washington in 1790, for the Territory 
 South of the Ohio River ; and in 1811 he received 
 from President Madison the appointment of Judge for 
 the Territory of Mississippi. 
 
 Campbell, David. — He was Governor of Vir- 
 ginia from 1836 to 1839 ; was appointed Major of the 
 Twelfth Infantry, July 6, 1812 ; Lieutenant-Colonel of 
 the Twentieth Infantry, March 12, 1813 ; resigned 
 January 28. 1814. Died in Abingdon, Virginia, March 
 19, 1859, aged eighty. 
 
 Campbell, George W. — He was bom in Ten- 
 nessee, in 1768 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 67 
 
 1794 ; received a good education ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Tennessee from ISOy to 1809, 
 serving during the last two years of his term as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means ; 
 was Judge of the United States District Court ; was 
 elected Senator of the United States in 1811, but 
 resigned on being appointed Secretary of the Treasury 
 in 1814. He resumed his seat in the Senate the fol- 
 lowing year, and served till 1818, when he was ap- 
 pointed Minister to Russia, where he remained until 
 1821. In 1831 he was appointed one of the Commis- 
 sioners to settle the claims on France. He died at 
 Nashville, Tennessee, February 17, 1848. 
 
 Cam phell , Henry Munroe. — He was born in 
 Stillwater, Saratoga County, New York, September 
 10, 1783. In 1810 he removed to Buffalo, where he 
 resided until May, 1826, when he removed to Detroit, 
 with which place he was subsequently identified, and 
 where he died in January, 1842. Most of his life was 
 spent in business. During the War of 1812 he served 
 as Lieutenant of a Volunteer artillery company, 
 organized in Buffalo. He was instrumental in getting 
 up the Parish of St. Paul's Church, Buffalo, and was 
 also constantly Warden or Vestryman of St. Paul's, 
 Detroit. He was active in organizing the Episccpal 
 Church in Michigan into a diocese in 1833 and 1844, 
 and was one of the first Delegates to the General Con- 
 vention in 1835, and was for many years a member of 
 the Standing Committee of the diocese. He was a 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at various times, 
 both in New York and Michigan. 
 
 Cfnnpbell, JTaincs. — He was horn in Philadel- 
 phia in 1813, and was of Irish descent ; after receiv- 
 ing a thorough education, he studied law and came to 
 the bar in 1884 ; practiced his profession in Philadel- 
 phia until 1843 ; in that year he was chosen a Judge 
 of Common Pleas, and held the position until 1850 ; 
 in 1853 he was made Attorney-General for the State ; 
 and in 1853 he went into the Cabinet of President 
 Pierce as Postmaster-General, where he served until 
 the close of that administration. 
 
 C<intpbe/f, 'Tames H, — He was born in Wil- 
 liamsport, Lycoming Covinty, Pennsylvania, Febru- 
 ary 8, 1820 ; graduated at the Carlisle Law School ; 
 was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was a member in 
 1844 of the Whig Baltimore Convention : and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on 
 the Committee on Elections and as a member of the 
 Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious 
 States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving as Cliairman of the Committee on the Pacific 
 Railroad. In 1864 he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln, Minister Resident to Sweden, and in 1866 
 Minister to Bogota. 
 
 Campbelf, James V. — He was born in Buffalo, 
 New York, February 35, 1833, and was the son of 
 Henry Munroe Campbell, with whom he removed to 
 Detroit in 1826. He graduated at St. Paul's College, 
 Long Island, in July. 1841 ; admitted to the bar in 
 1844 ; elected to the Supreme Court of Michigan in 
 March, 1857, and was re-elected in 1863. In 1859, 
 upon the organization of the Marshall Professorship 
 in the University of Michigan, he was appointed to 
 that position ; and the other offices which he has filled 
 have always been connected with his profession or 
 the educational interests of the State. 
 
 Campbell, •Tohn, — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and in 1829 he was appointed Treasurer of the United 
 States Treasury and remained in office until 1839. 
 
 Campbell, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1801 to 1811 ; also 
 
 Judge of tlm Orphans' Court in Charles County, 
 where he died June 23, 1828, aged sisty-tliree years. 
 
 Campbell, John, — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 
 1819; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1829 to 1831, and again from 1837 to 
 1845. Died at his residence in Marlborough District, 
 South Carolina, May 19, 1845. 
 
 Campbell, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1843. 
 
 Campbell, John Allen. — Born in Salem, Ohio, 
 October 8, 1835 ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion ; acquired a knowledge of the printing business; 
 at the commencement of the Rebellion entered the 
 Volunteer army as Second Lieutenant, and was, by 
 degrees, promoted to tlie rank of Brigadier General, 
 "for courage in the field and marked ability and 
 fidelity "at Rich Mountain, Shiloh, Perryville, Mur- 
 freesborough, and through the Atlanta campaign. In 
 1866 he became assistant editor of the Cleveland 
 Ditily Lender ; was soon appointed in the Regular 
 army and made a Lieutenant-Colonel, serving as Ad- 
 jutant on the staff of General Schofield ; in 1869 he 
 was appointed the first Governor of the Territory of 
 Wyoming, re-appointed in 1873, and in 1875 he was 
 appointed Third As.sistant Secretary of the Depart- 
 ment of State. 
 
 Campbell, John Archibald. — Born in Wash- 
 ington, \Vilkes County, Georgia. June 24, 1811, his 
 grandfather having served in the Revolution as Aide- 
 deCanip to General Natlianiel Greene. He gradu- 
 ated at the University of Georgia in 1826 ; studied 
 law and came to the bar in Montgomery, Alabama, 
 in 1830, practicing the profession for many years with 
 success. In 1853 he was appointed, by President 
 Pierce, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States, which oflice he resigned in 1,861, 
 after the commencement of the Rebellion. He was 
 opposed to the secession of Alabama, and in 1864 did 
 all in his power to bring the war to aclose; and after 
 the war he resumed the practice of his profession in 
 the city of New Orleans. 
 
 Campbell, John H. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; adopted the profession of law, settled in Phil- 
 adelphia, and devoted much attention to politics ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847, de- 
 clining a re-nomination ; and died in Philadelphia, 
 January 19, 1868. 
 
 Campbell, John P. — He was born in Kentucky; 
 was a member of the State House of Representative.s 
 from Christian County, in 1826 ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Kentucky to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Campbell, John IV. — He was born in Augusta 
 Countv, Virginia; was a Representative in Conijress 
 from Ohio from 1817 to 1827; and United States 
 Judge for the District of Ohio. Died September 24, 
 1833. 
 
 Campbell, Lewis D. — Born in Franklin, War- 
 ren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received a lim- 
 ited education : was attached at an early day to the 
 Cineinnati Gazette, as printer and assistant editor ; 
 subsequently had the entire control of another politi- 
 cal paper ; and, having .studied law, was admitted to 
 practice. He was elected a member of Congress from 
 Ohio in 1848, and was re-elected to each successive 
 Congress, down to the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was 
 contested, and the House of Representatives decided 
 against his claim. During the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress he was Chairman of tlie Committee on Ways 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 and Means. In December, 1865, he was appointed by 
 President Johnson Minister to Mexico ; but before 
 leaving tlie country, he attended, as a Delegate, the 
 Philadelphia "National Union," and the Cleveland 
 " Soldiers' Convention " of 1866. He was subsequent- 
 ly elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 various Committees. 
 
 Campbell, Robert B. — He was born in South 
 Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 
 1809 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 South Carolina from 1833 to 1825, and again from 
 1835 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed, by 
 President Fillmore, American Consul at Havana, Cuba. 
 
 Cainiibell, Samuel, — He was born in Mansfield, 
 Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1831 to 1823, having previously 
 served five years in the Assembly of that State. 
 
 Campbell, Thomas F. — He was a native of 
 South Carolina, and was a Representative in (Con- 
 gress from that State from 1834 to 1835. 
 
 Campbell, Thomas J, — He was a native of 
 Tennessee, and a member of Congress from that 
 State, from 1841 to 1843, and twice Clerk of the House 
 of Representatives, from 1847 to 1850 ; he was also a 
 Presidential Elector in 1837 and 1841. During the 
 years 1813 and 1814 he was an Assistant Inspector- 
 General of Militia. He died in Washington, District 
 of Columbia, April 13, 1850. 
 
 Campbell, Thompson, — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Illinois, from 1851 to 1853. Died in California, De- 
 cember 7, 1868. 
 
 Campbell, William B, — He was born in Ten- 
 nessee ; read law at Abingdon and Winchester, Vir- 
 ginia ; came to the bar in his native State, and was 
 soon afterwards chosen Attorney-General for the 
 Fourth District ; was elected to the Tennessee Legis- 
 lature in 1835 ; raised a company and served as Cap- 
 tain in the Creek and Florida Wars of 1836 ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, from 
 1837 to 1843, serving on the Committees on Claims, 
 Territories, and Military Affairs. In 1844 he was 
 elected Major-General of Militia, and was Colonel of 
 the First Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers in the 
 Mexican War, distinguishing himself at the battles of 
 Monterey and Cerro Gordo. From 1850 to 1853 he 
 was Governor of Tennessee, and in 1857 was chosen, 
 by an unanimous vote of the Legislature, Judge of 
 the Circuit Court of Tennessee. In 1803, without so- 
 licitation on his part, he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln a Brigadier-General in the Union Army, which 
 he soon resigned on account of bad health. At the 
 close of the war, in 1865, he was re-elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not 
 admitted to his seat until near the close of the first 
 session of that Congress, and during the second ses- 
 sion he was placed on the Committee on the New 
 Orleans Riots. Died in Lebanon, Tennessee, August 
 19, 1867. 
 
 Campbell, William W. — Born in Cherry Val- 
 ley, New York, June 10, 1806 ; graduated at Union 
 College in 1837, and studied law with Judge Kent, of 
 New York, and in 1831 he commenced the practice of 
 his profession in that city, having previously written 
 and published a history of the Border War of New 
 York. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1845 to 1847, and then spent a year 
 in Europe. On his return he was appointed a Justice 
 of the Superior Court of New York City, and served 
 seven years, and was subsequently elected a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of the State. 
 
 Canby, Bi chard S, — He was bom in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that btate, 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Candler, 3Iilton A, — Bom in Campbell County, 
 Georgia, January 11, 1837 ; graduated at the Univer- 
 sity of Georgia in 1854 ; studied law, went to the bar 
 in 1856, and settled in Decatur, De Kalb County, 
 where he practiced the profession ; was a member of 
 the State Legislature from 1861 to 1863 ; of the State 
 Constitutional Convention In 1865 ; elected to the 
 State Senate in 1868 for four years ; and in 1874 he 
 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the 
 Forty- fourth Congress. 
 
 Cannon, Oeorge Q, — He was born in Liverpool, 
 England, January 11, 1827 ; emigrated with his pa- 
 rents to the United States ; received a good educa- 
 tion ; learned the art of printing, and became an 
 editor ; was one of the first emigrants to Salt Lake ; 
 was elected a member of the Legislative Council of 
 Utah in 1865, 1866, 1869, and three following years ; 
 was elected in 1865 a Regent of the Deseret Uni- 
 versity ; at a Constitutional Convention held at Salt 
 Lake City in 1872, was elected a Delegate to present 
 the Constitution and memorial to Congress for the 
 admission of the Territory into the Union as a State ; 
 and was elected Delegate to the Forty-third and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses. 
 
 Cannon, Joseph G,—Be was born in Guilford, 
 
 North Carolina, May 7, 1836 ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; was State's Attorney in Illinois from 1861 to 
 1868 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress, and 
 was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. 
 
 Cannon, Newlon. — He was born in Guilford 
 County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee, from 1814 to 1817, and 
 again from 1819 to 1823, and was also appointed by 
 President Monroe, in 1819, one of two Commissioners 
 to treat with the Chickasaws. He was also Governor 
 of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. Died September 29, 
 1843. 
 
 Cannon, William. — Bom in Bridgeville, De- 
 laware, in 1809 ; he was for some years in the State 
 Legislature of Delaware ; State Treasurer, and mem- 
 ber of the Peace Congress of 1861, and Governor of 
 Delaware from 1864 to 1865. Died in Philadelphia, 
 March 1, 1865. 
 
 Cantine, John, — He was elected a Representa- 
 tive from New York to the Eighth Congress, but re- 
 signed soon after taking bis seat, and Josiah Has- 
 brouck was elected in his place. 
 
 Caperton, Allen T. — Bom in Union, Monroe 
 County, Virginia ; graduated at Yale College in 1839 ; 
 studied and adopted the profession of law ; served In 
 the Legislature of Virginia a number of years ; was a 
 member in 1861 of the State Convention, to consider 
 the impending troubles, and took the side of the 
 Union, but when the State went out of the Union lie 
 sided with the South ; in 1863 he was elected to 
 the Confederate Senate ; was pardoned by Presi- 
 dent Johnson after the war ; subsequently devoted 
 all his attention to his profession, and certain min- 
 ing interests ; and in 1875 was elected a Senator in 
 Congress from West Virginia for the term ending in 
 1881. 
 
 Caperton, tfufjli, — He was born in Virginia in 
 1780 ; was a farmer by occupation ; a member, for 
 many years, of the State Legislature ; and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress, from the Greenbrier region of 
 Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. He died in Monroe 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 69 
 
 County, Virginia, February 9, 1847. He was the 
 father of Allen T. Caperton. 
 
 Cnproil, Horace. — He was bom in the State of 
 New York ; after receiving a scientific education, he 
 turned his attention to manufacturing ; was appointed 
 to the charge of a factory in Maryland ; subsequently 
 turned his attention to a model farm, the receipts of 
 which, in 1847, amounted to more tlian thirty-six 
 thousand dollars ; in 1854 he removed to Illinois, and 
 devoted himself successfully to the breeding of Devon 
 cattle ; served in the army during the Rebellion, and 
 became a Brigadier-General ; in 1867 he was appointed 
 Commissioner of Agriculture ; in 1871 he was invited 
 by the Japanese Government to take charge of certain 
 agricultural experiments and improvements in Japan, 
 where he remained four years, returning to the 
 United States in 1875, bringing with him flattering 
 testimonials from the Emperor of that country, after 
 which he settled in the City of Washington. 
 
 Corey, George. — He was a native of Charles 
 County, Maryland, but removed to Georgia, and died 
 in Upson County in 1844. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Georgia, from 1823 to 1837. 
 
 Carei), Jeremiah E. — Bom in Coventry, Rhode 
 Island, April 30, 1803 ; commenced active life in the 
 State of New York, by working on a farm and in the 
 tannery of an uncle ; he received a good common- 
 school education, which he paid for by his own exer- 
 tions as a teacher ; he studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1829 ; was elected to Congress, from 
 Cherry Valley County, in 1842, and, after his term as 
 a Representative, removed to the City of New York, 
 where he has since been engaged in the practice of 
 his profession, and holding many important local 
 oflices connected with the cause of education. 
 
 Carey. •Tohu. — Born in Monongahela County, 
 Virginia, April 5, 1792 ; removed with his parents to 
 the North-west Territory in 1798 ; from that period 
 imtil 1813 he labored with his father in the tanning 
 business ; in 1814 he assisted in building the first 
 stone house in Columbus ; after which he devoted 
 himself to the various employments of carpentering, 
 milling in its various branches, and farming ; in 1825 
 he was elected an Associate Judge, which office he 
 held for seven years ; he was elected to the Ohio 
 Legislature in 1828, 1836, and 1843 ; and was elected 
 a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Carey, ,Tosep7i M. — He was born in Delaware ; 
 removed to the Territory of Wyoming, and in 1872 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme 
 Court for the Territory of Wyoming, residing at 
 Cheyenne. 
 
 Carleton, Henry. — Born in Virginia in 1783 ; 
 graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; removed to Miss- 
 issippi, but finally settled in New Orleans in 1814. 
 Served as a Lieutenant of Infantry under General 
 Jackson ; after peace, studied law, and aided in bring- 
 ing out a translation of old Spanish laws. In 1832 he 
 was appointed a United States District Attorney, and 
 subsequently Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State, which he resigned in 1839 on account of ill 
 health. He traveled extensively in Europe, and de- 
 voted himself to literary pursuits, having published 
 in 1857 a work entitled " Liberty and Necessity," and 
 an "Essay on the Will." Died in Philadelphia, 
 March 38. 1863. He was originally named Henry 
 Carleton Coxe. 
 
 Carlile, John S. — Born in Winchester, Freder- 
 ick County, Virginia, December 16, 1817. He was 
 educated by his mother until fourteen years of age, 
 
 and then went into a country store as salesman and 
 clerk, and at the age of seventeen commenced busi- 
 ness for himself. At the same time he read law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1840, and settled in Bever- 
 ly, Randolph County, in 1843, to practice. He was 
 elected to the State Senate in 1847, and served till 
 1851. In 1850 he was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of Virginia, and in 1855 was elected a 
 Representative in Congress,, serving one term. In 
 1861 he was elected a Representative from Virginia to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was soon afterwards 
 transferred to the Senate, serving on the Committees 
 on Public Lands and Territories. His term expired 
 in 1865. 
 
 Carlton, Peter. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809.. 
 
 Carmack, Samuel W. — Born in Davidson 
 County, Tennessee, January 9, 1803 ; studied law, 
 and settled at Fayetteville in 1824 ; in 1838 he went 
 to Florida for his health and settled there ; in 1848 
 he was appointed a Territorial Judge : and in 1846 
 Judge of the Southern Judicial District of the State, 
 which he declined. He died December 18, 1849. 
 
 Cartnichael, Hichard H. — Was a native of 
 Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1828, 
 and .studied law ; was a Representative from Mary- 
 land in the Twenty-third Congress; was President of 
 the courts of Queen Anne Countv, Marvland, in 
 1861. 
 
 Carmiehael, William. — Was a native of 
 Maryland. In 1776 he aided Mr. Deane, the Ameri- 
 can Minister at Paris, in his correspondence ; went to 
 Berlin to communicate to the King of Prussia intelli- 
 gence concerning American commerce, and assisted 
 the American Commissioners in Paris. He was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 
 1780 ; was Secretary of Legation during Mr. Jay's 
 mission to Spain, and remained as Charge d' Affaires 
 after Mr. Jay left in 1783 ; and, receiving a com.mis- 
 sion in 1790, retained the office for about fifteen years. 
 In 1793 he was authorized, jointly with William 
 Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning tlie naviga- 
 tion of the Mississippi River. He died in 1795. 
 
 Carnes, Thotnas P. — He was born and edu- 
 cated in Maryland, studied law, and settled in Geor- 
 gia. He was there successively Solicitor-General, 
 Attorney-General, and Judge of the Supreme Court, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Georgia, 
 from 1793 to 1795. He died at Milledgeville, May 8, 
 1833. 
 
 Carney, Tliomas. — He was Governor of Kansas 
 from 186l'to 1864. 
 
 Carpenter, Cyrus Clay. — He was bom in 
 
 Harford, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, No- 
 vember 34, 1829 ; after receiving an English educa- 
 tion, he began, in his eighteenth year, to teach school, 
 and removing to Ohio followed the same occupation 
 there ; in 1854 he emigrated to Iowa, traveling the 
 whole distance-on foot; at Fort Dodge he found em- 
 ployment as an assistant surveyor ; in 1857 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; in 1861 he entered 
 the army, and as Brevet Colonel rendered important 
 service during the war ; in 1866 he was elected Regis- 
 ter of the State Land Office at Des Moines, and re- 
 elected ; and in 1871 he was elected Governor of 
 Iowa. In January, 1876, he was appointed Second 
 Comptroller of Treasury Department. 
 
 Carpenter, Davis. — He was born in Walpole, 
 
 Cheshire County, New Hampshire, December 25, 
 1799; received an academical education; studied 
 
70 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 medicine, and took the degree of M.D. at Middlebury 
 College, Vermout, in 1824. He removed to the State 
 of New York in 183."), and there attained the position 
 of Colonel of a rifle corps, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York, from 1853 to 185.5, in 
 l)lace of A. Boody, resigned. He was subsequeutly 
 devoted to his profession and to surveying. 
 
 Cfll'penfer, Levi D. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Y'ork, from 1843 to 1845, in 
 the place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. 
 
 Carpenter, Letvis Cass. — Born in Putnam, 
 Connecticut, February 20, 1836 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; removed to New Jersey, 
 where he taught school for several years ; studied 
 law and admitted to the bar, but never practiced ; 
 was for several years connected with New York 
 papers ; removed to Washington in 1864, and was 
 appointed to a position in the Treasury Department ; 
 was correspondent for several newspapers ; assisted 
 in establishing the first Republican daily paper in 
 South Carolina, The Charleston Republican, in 1868, 
 and removed there in 1870 to become one of its edi- 
 tors ; established Tlie Daily Union in 1870 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill the unex- 
 pired term of Robert B. Elliott, resigned. 
 
 Carpenter, Mattheiv 11, — lie was born in 
 MoretowTi, Vermout, in 1824 ; became the adopted 
 son of Paul Dillingham in his twelfth year ; spent 
 two years. 1853 and 1854, at tlie West Point Academy ; 
 studied law, and on adopting the profession, removed 
 to Wisconsin ; was for several years a District At- 
 torney for the State, and practiced his profession be- 
 fore the Supreme Court of the United States ; and he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, for 
 the term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, 
 serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Patents, 
 and Revision of Laws. He also served as President 
 pro tern, of the Senate. 
 
 Carr, Dahney S, — A native of Baltimore ; sev- 
 eral years Naval Officer of that port, and United 
 States Minister to Turkey from 1843 to 1849. Died 
 at Charlottesville, Virginia, March 24, 1854, aged 
 fifty-one years. 
 
 Carr, Francis, — He was a member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1811, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 
 1811 to 1813. Died in October, 1821, aged sixty-nine 
 years. 
 
 Carr, James. — He served three years in the 
 Massachusetts Legislature from Bangor, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 
 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Carr, tTohn, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837, and again 
 from 1839 to 1841 ; and died in Clark County, Indiana, 
 January 20, 1845. 
 
 Carrinf/tou, Edtvard, — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, February 11, 1749 ; was an efficient officer du- 
 ring the Revolution ; was for some time Quartermas- 
 ter-General of the Army under General Greene, in 
 the South, and greatly contributed to the advantage 
 gained over the enemy. He was afterwards attached 
 to the Army of the North, but previously to the 
 evacuation of Charleston resumed his former station. 
 He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 Virginia, from 1785 to 1786 ; was foreman of the jury 
 which tried Aaron Burr for treason. He died Octo- 
 ber 28, 1810. 
 
 Carrington, Paul. — Born in Virginia, Febru- 
 
 ary 24, 1733 ; graduated at William and Mary College ; 
 studied law and commenced to practice at the age of 
 twenty-one, and soon became eminent. From 1765 
 to 1775 he was a member of the House of Burgesses, 
 and voted against the Stamp Act resolutions of Patrick 
 Henry ; in 1775 and 1776 was a member of various 
 conventions, and of the Committee which reported 
 the Declaration of Rights and the State Constitution ; 
 he was then a member of the House of Delegates, 
 from which he passed to the Bench of the General 
 Court, in May, 1779 ; and a member of the Court of 
 Appeals, from 1789 to 1811. He was a member of 
 the Committee of Safety during its existence, and in 
 the Virginia Convention voted for the adoption of the 
 Constitution, and was a member of the Committee to 
 report Amendments. He died at his seat in Charlotte 
 County, Virginia, June 23, 1818. 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, — He was 
 
 born in Annapolis, Maryland, on the 20th of Septem- 
 ber, 1737 ; was descended from a respectable Irish 
 family ; was of the Roman Catholic religion, and in- 
 herited a very large estate. He was sent at an early 
 age to St. Omer to be educated, and afterwards re- 
 moved to Rheims. After having studied civil law in 
 France, he went to London and pursued the study of 
 common law at the Temple, and returned to America 
 at the age of twenty-seven. He soon became known 
 as an advocate for liberty, and was one of the ablest 
 political writers of Maryland. In 1776 he was elected 
 a Delegate to the old Congress, and subscribed his 
 name to the Declaration of Independence, and at the 
 time of his death was the last surviving signer of 
 that document. In 1778 he left Congress, and devoted 
 himself to the councils of his native State ; in 1789 
 he was elected a Senator to the new Congress ; and iu 
 1810 he quitted public life, and passed the remainder 
 of his days in tranquillity, beloved and revered by his 
 friends and neighbors, and honored by his country. 
 He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat 
 of Government on the Potomac ; was ever considered 
 a model of regularity in conduct and sedateness in 
 judgment ; and died in Baltimore, November 14, 1832. 
 
 Carroll, Charles H. — He was bom in Mary- 
 land ; was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York, from 1843 to 1847 ; a member of the Assembly 
 of the State in 1836 ; and a State Senator in 1837. 
 He was a lawyer by education, but, instead of prac- 
 ticing, devoted his whole time to managing a large 
 estate in the Genesee country. Died in Groveland, 
 Livingston County, New York, in 1865, aged seventy- 
 one years. 
 
 Carroll, Daniel. — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 
 1784 ; signed the Articles of Confederation, and also 
 the Constitution ; a Representative in Congress from 
 Maryland from 1789 to 1791, and was that year 
 appointed Commissioner for Surveying the District 
 of Columbia. He was also one of those who voted 
 for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 
 Carroll, James. — He was born in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Carroll, John Lee. — He was born at Home- 
 wood, near Baltimore, Maryland, in 1830, and is the 
 grandson of Charles Carroll of Carrollton. He was 
 educated at the Roman Catholic Colleges of George- 
 town, District of Columliia, Emmettsburg, Maryland, 
 and at the law school of Harvard University ; came 
 to the bar in 1851 ; went to New York in 1859, and was 
 for a time United States Commissioner in that city ; re- 
 turned to Baltimore in 1862 ; was elected to the State 
 Senate in 1867, and again in 1871, and in 1875 he was 
 elected Governor of Maryland. The year that he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 71 
 
 entered upon his duties as such, was just one hun- 
 dred after the date that his grandfather signed the 
 Declaration of Independence. 
 
 Carroll, John 3r, — He was bom in Springfield, 
 New York, April 27, 1825 ; received an academic 
 education, and graduated at Union College, Schenec- 
 tady, in 184<) ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1848 ; was elected District Attorney of P'ulton County 
 in 1839, and held that office three years ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Carroll, T, K. — He was elected Governor of 
 Maryland in 1830 and 1831. 
 
 Carroll, William, — Born in Pittsburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1788 ; was engaged iu the hardware 
 business in that town, whence he emigrated to Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee. His fitness for military service 
 attracted General Jackson, and he made him Cap- 
 tain and Brigadier-Inspector in his Division of the 
 army, February 20, 1813 ; was Colonel and Inspector- 
 General from September, 1813, to May, 1814 ; in 1813 
 he fought a duel with Jesse, a brother of Colonel 
 Thomas H. Benton. Distinguished himself at Euoto- 
 chopco, was wounded in the battle of the Horse-Shoe 
 Bend of Tallajioosa River, March 27, 1813 ; was Ma- 
 jor-General of Tennessee Militia, November 13, 1814, 
 to May 13, 1815 ; distingui.shed in the defense of New 
 Orleans, and especially in the battle of January 8, 
 1815. Was Governor of Tennessee from 1821 to 
 1827, and from 1829 to 1835. Died in Nashville, 
 March 23, 1844. 
 
 Carson, Samuel P. — Bom at Pleasant Garden, 
 Burke County, North Carolina. He was for several 
 years a member of the State Legislature, and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from North Carolina, from 
 1825 to 1833. He killed Doctor Robert B. Vance in a 
 duel in 1837 ; and at the close of his services in Con- 
 gress removed to Arkansas, where he died in Novem- 
 ber, 1840. 
 
 Carter, Harley II. — He was bom in New York, 
 and removed to Michigan, from which State he was 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Arizona. 
 
 Carter, John, — Bom on Black River, Sumter 
 District, South Carolina, September 10, 1793 ; and 
 graduated at South Carolina College, Columbia. He 
 was a lawyer by profession ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina, from 1822 to 1829, 
 wheu he declined a re-election. His residence was 
 Camden, but be removed to Georgetown, District of 
 Columbia, in 1836, where he remained until his death, 
 which occurred June 20, 1850. 
 
 Carter, Luther C, — Born in Bethel, Oxford 
 County, Maine, February 25, 1805 ; received an aca- 
 demic education ; settled iu New York City, and de- 
 voted himself to mercantile pursuits with success ; 
 was a member for some years of the Board of Edu- 
 cation in that city ; and, having retired from business, 
 he settled on a farm on Long Island ; and was elected 
 a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Carter, Timothy J. — He was educated for the 
 legal profession ; was Secretary of the Maine Senate 
 in 1833 ; County Attorney from 1833 to 1837 ; and he 
 was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 
 1837 to the date of his death, which occurred at 
 Washington, March 14, 1838. 
 
 Carter, Villiam B. — Bom in Tennessee in 1812; 
 was a member of the House and Senate in the State 
 
 Legislature ; President of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion ; and from 1835 to 1841 a Representative in Con- 
 gress from his native State. He died in Carter 
 Coxmty, Tennessee, April 17, 1848. 
 
 Cartter, David K. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative iu Congress from Ohio, 
 from 1849 to 1853. In 1861 he was appointed, by 
 President Lincoln, Minister to Bolivia, and subse- 
 quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 Carnthers, Sohert L. — Was bom in Smith 
 County, Tennessee, July 31, 1800 ; obtained the rudi- 
 ments of an English education by his own unaided 
 exertions ; from 1816 to 1818 he was clerk in a store ; 
 subsequently improved his education at Woodward 
 Academy and Greenville College ; studied law and 
 came to the bar in 1823 ; served one year as Clerk in 
 the Legislature of Tennessee. Returning to his na- 
 tive county, was appointed Clerk of the Chancery 
 Court there ; edited a paper for one year ; settled in 
 Wilson County in 1826, and was soon afterwards 
 elected State Attorney, holding the office five years ; 
 in 1834 he was elected a Brigadier-General of Militia; 
 was a member of the Tennessee Legislature iu 1835 ; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1845, declining to run for 
 Governor ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee from 1841 to 1843, declining a re-election ; 
 in 1852 was called to a seat on the Supreme Bench of 
 Tennessee, holding the position many years ; and was 
 a delegate to the Peace Convention of 1861. 
 
 Carnthers, Samuel. — Born in Madison County, 
 Missouri, October 13, 1820 ; was educated at Clinton 
 College, Tennessee ; was a lawyer by profession ; and 
 was elected a member of the House of Representa- 
 tives in Congress, from Missouri, from 1853 to 1859 ; 
 and died at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, July 20, 
 1860. 
 
 Cary, George li. — A member of Congress from 
 the Petersburg District, Virginia, in 1842 and 1843. 
 He died in Southampton County, Virginia, March 5, 
 1850. 
 
 Cary, Samuel F. — Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 February 18, 1814 ; spent his early life on a farm ; 
 graduated at the Miami University in 1835, and at the 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1837 ; practiced law until 
 1845, when he retired to a farm ; was a warm advo- 
 cate for many years of the cause of Temperance ; 
 and was elected a Reyjresentative from Ohio to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Education and Labor, and Weights and Measures. 
 He was the only member of his party who voted 
 against the Impeachment of President Andrew John- 
 son. In 1875 he took a special interest in politics. 
 
 Cary, Shepartl. — He was a merchant and farm- 
 er ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1833, 
 1833, from 1839 to 1842, in 1843, and from 1848 to 
 1854. He was a Representative in Congress, from 
 Maine, from 1844 to 1845, and served as a member of 
 the Committee on Claims. In 1836 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector. Died in Maine, in August, 1866. 
 
 Case, Charles. — Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula 
 County, Ohio, December 31, 1817 ; a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress from Indiana. He was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Invalid Pensions. He was also re-elected 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Territories. 
 
 Case, IValter. — He was bom in Dutchess County, 
 New York, and was a Renresentative in Congress 
 from that State, from 1819 to 1831. 
 
73 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.. 
 
 Casey, Joseph. — He was born in Maryland, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania 
 from 1849 to 1851. In 1863 he was appointed by 
 President Lincoln a Judge of the Court of Claims. 
 
 Caseii, Lei'i. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from South Carolina from 1803 to 1807. Died 
 February 1, 1807. 
 
 Casey, Samuel. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and while residing in Washington City he was ap- 
 pointed, in 1853, Treasurer of the United States, and 
 held the office until 1860. 
 
 Casey, Samuel L. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh C'on- 
 gress, and was subsequently appointed by President 
 Lincoln a Commissioner to look after certain national 
 interests in the South-western States. 
 
 Casey, Zadoc. — He was born in Georgia, and, 
 on removing to Illinois, was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1833 to 1843, and also 
 held the office of Lieutenant-Governor of the State, 
 and was a member of one of the State Constitutional 
 Conventions. Died at Caseyville, Illinois, in 1863, 
 aged sixty-six years. 
 
 Caskie, John S. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from his 
 native State from 1851 to 1855. serving as a member 
 of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died in Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, December 15, 1869. 
 
 Casoti, Thomas J^,— He was born in Union 
 County, Indiana, September 13, 1838 ; educated at 
 common schools, worked on a farm ; when seventeen 
 years of ao;e, commenced teaching school and read- 
 ing law ; was admitted to the bar of the Supreme 
 Court in May, 1853, and has continued to practice at 
 Lebanon, except when on the Bench ; was a member 
 of the Legislature in 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864, and 
 of the State Senate in 1864, 1865, 1866, and 1867 ; was 
 appointed Judge of Common Pleas in 1867, and re- 
 elected to tlie same office for a term of four years ; 
 and was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth 
 Congresses, serving on the Committee on Revision of 
 Laws. 
 
 Cass, ieHJJS.— Born in Exeter, New Hampshire, 
 October 9, 1783. Having received a limited educa- 
 tion at Ilia native place, at the early age of seventeen 
 he crossed the Alleghany Mountains on foot, to seek 
 a home in the " Great West," then an almost unex- 
 plored wilderness. Settled at Marietta, Ohio ; he 
 studied law, and was successful. Elected at twenty- 
 five to the Legislature of Ohio, he originated the bill 
 which arrested the proceedings of Aaron Burr, and, 
 as stated by Mr. Jefferson, was the first blow given 
 to what is known as Burr's Conspiracy. In 1807 lie 
 was appointed by Mr. Jefferson Marshal of the 
 State, and held the office till the latter part of 1811 
 when he volunteered to repel Indian aggressions on 
 the frontier. He was elected Colonel of the Third 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, and entered the mill 
 tary service of the United States at the commence- 
 ment of the War of 1813. Having by a difficult 
 march reached Detroit, he urged the immediate inva- 
 sion of Canada, and was the author of the proclama- 
 tion of that event. He was the first to land in arnii 
 on the enemy's shore, and, with a small detachment 
 of troops, fought and won the first battle, that of the 
 Tarontoe. At the subsequent capitulation of Detroit 
 he was absent on important service, and regretted 
 that his command and himself had been included in 
 that capitulation. Liberated on parole, he repaired 
 tn the seat of government to report the causes of the 
 disaster and the failure of the campaign. Ho was 
 
 immediately appointed a Colonel in the Regular army, 
 and soon after promoted to the rank of Brigadier- 
 General ; having in the meantime been elected Ma- 
 jor-General of the Ohio Volunteers. On being ex- 
 changed and released from parole, he again repaired 
 to the frontier, and joined the army for the recovery 
 of Michigan. Being at tliat time without a command, 
 he served and distinguished himself, as a volunteer 
 Aid-de-camp to General Harrison, at the battle of the 
 Thames. He was appointed by President Madison 
 in October, 1813, Governor of Michigan. His position 
 combined, with the ordinary duties of chief magistrate 
 of a civilized community, the immediate manage- 
 ment and control, as Superintendent, of the relations 
 with the numerous and powerful Indian tribes in 
 that region of country. He conducted with success 
 the affairs of the Territory under embarrassing cir- 
 cumstances. Under his sway peace was preserved 
 between the whites and the treacherous and disaf- 
 fected Indians, law and order established, and the 
 Territory rapidly advanced in population, resources, 
 and prosperity. He held this position till July, 1831, 
 when he was, by President Jackson, made Secretary 
 of War. In the latter part of 1836 President Jackson 
 appointed him Minister to France, where he remained 
 until 1843, when he requested his recall, and returned 
 to this country. In January, 1845, he was elected, by 
 the Legislature of Michigan, to the Senate of the 
 United States, which place he resigned on his nomi- 
 nation, in May, 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency 
 by the political party to which he belonged. After 
 the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that 
 office, the Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected 
 him to the Senate for the unexpired portion of his 
 original term of six years. When Mr. Buchanan 
 became President, he invited General Cass to the head 
 of the Department of State, which position he 
 resigned in December, 1860. He devoted some atten- 
 tion to literary pursuits, and his writings, speeches, 
 and State papers would make several volumes ; 
 among which is one entitled "France, its King, 
 Court, and Government," published in 1840. He died 
 in Detroit, June 17, 1866. 
 
 Cass, Letvis, Jr. — He was born in Detroit, 
 Michigan, and the noted Governor and Cabinet Min- 
 ister bearing the same name, was his father. He 
 was liberally educated ; in 1849 he was ajipointed 
 Charge d'Affaires to the Papal States ; and in 1854 
 promoted to the rank of Minister Resident, and he 
 remained in Italy until 1858. 
 
 Casnetly, Geov<je, — He was bom in Bergen 
 County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1831 to 1837, and 
 died in Hackensack, New Jersey, December 31, 1843, 
 aged fifty-eight years. 
 
 Casset'ly, Evgene. — Born in Ireland in 1833 ; 
 came to this country with his parents in 1834 ; studied 
 law and came to the bar in New York city ; relin- 
 quished his profession and engaged in journalistic 
 labors ; removed to California in 1850, and identified 
 himself with the Press of San Francisco ; and he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from California, for the 
 tenn commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving 
 on the Committees on Printing, Public Lands, and 
 Foreign Relations. He resigned before the expiration 
 of his term. 
 
 Caswell, li, B, — Born in Swanton, Vermont, 
 November 37, 1837 ; went to Wisconsin in 1837 ; 
 received a liberal education, studied law, and went to 
 the bar in 1853 ; in 1855 and 1856 he was District-At- 
 torney ; Delegate to the Republican Convention of 
 18G8 ; member of the State Legislature in 1863, 1873, 
 and 1874 ; and he was elected a Representative from 
 Wisconsin to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Cfisioefl, Hichnrff. — Born in Maryland, August 
 3, 1729 ; emigrated to Nortli Carolina in 174(), where, 
 for some years, he was employed in the public offices, 
 and afterwards studied and practiced law with suc- 
 cess. From 17.54 to 1771 he was a member of the 
 Colonial Assembly, and for the last two years was 
 Speaker of the House of Delegates. He commanded 
 the right wing of Tryon's forces at the battle of 
 Allamance, in 1771. He was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1774 to 1776. In 1775 he was 
 President of the Provincial Congress which framed 
 the Constitution of the State, and he was elected first 
 Governor of North Carolina under it, holding that 
 office till 1779. In 1780 he led the North Carolina 
 troops in the battle of Camden. In 1783 he was 
 Speaker of the Senate, and Comptroller-General, per- 
 forming the duties of both offices till 1784, when he 
 was again elected Governor, and held that position 
 till he became ineligible by the laws of the State. In 
 1787 he was a Delegate to the Convention for framing 
 the Federal Constitution. In 1789 was elected State 
 Senator, and was a member of the Convention which 
 ratified the Constitution. He was also Speaker of the 
 Senate, and, whilst presiding over that body, Novem- 
 ber 5, 1789, he was struck with paralysis, which 
 proved fatal in ten days. 
 
 Cafe, Oeorge W. — Bom in Montpclier, Ver- 
 mont, in September, 1834 ; received a common- 
 school education, studied law, was admitted to the 
 bar, and settled in Portage County, Wisconsin. Was 
 District-Attorney, a member of the Legislature for 
 two terms ; Judge of the Circuit Court of the Seventh 
 Judicial Circuit in 1854, and re-elected three tenns to 
 the same office, holding the position twenty-one years, 
 and in 1874 resigned it to be elected a Representative 
 from Vermont to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Cathcarf. Charles W. — He was born in the 
 Island of Madeira in 1809 ; went to sea in early life, 
 and studied mechanics ; removed to Indiana In 1831 ; 
 was for several years a United States Surveyor ; 
 served in the State Legislature ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1845 ; was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana from 1845 to 1849, and was a 
 Senator in Congress from 1853 to 1853, by appoint- 
 ment. Of late years he has been devoted to farming. 
 
 Cnflhi, George S. — Born in Harrington, Litch- 
 field County, Connecticut, in 1809 ; received a com- 
 mon-school and academic education ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. He was also 
 a number of years in the State Legislature, State At- 
 torney, and Judge of the Windham County Court. 
 He died in December, 1851. 
 
 Cato, SferUuff G, — He was born in Georgia and 
 removed to Alabama, from which State he was 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Kansas. 
 
 Catron, John. — He was born in Wythe County, 
 Virginia, in 1778 ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion, and removed to Tennessee in 1813 ; served with 
 General Jackson in the New Orleans campaign ; 
 studied law, and soon after coming to the bar was ap- 
 pointed Attorney for the State ; in 1818 he settled in 
 Nashville, and obtained a high reputation as a chan- 
 cery lawyer ; in 1834 he was appointed one of the 
 Judges of the Supreme Court of the State ; and in 
 1837 he was appointed by President Van Buren a 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 which position he held until his death, which occur- 
 red at Nashville, May 30, 1865. 
 
 Caff ell, Alexander G. — He was born in Salem, 
 New Jersey, February 13, 1816 ; was educated at the 
 
 3 
 
 village school ; spent a part of his youth as a clerk in 
 his father's store ; was elected in 1840 to the State 
 Legislature ; from 1843 to 1844 he was Clerk of the 
 General Assembly, and in the latter year he was a 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention, In 
 1846 he settled in Philadelphia as a merchant ; became 
 a Director in the Mechanics' Bank ; and was elected to 
 the city Councils from 1850 to 1834. In 1853 he 
 returned to New Jersey, but continued his business in 
 Philadelphia ; was one of the early Presidents of the 
 Corn Exchange Association of that city ; in 1838 he 
 organized the Corn Exchange Bank, and was Presi- 
 dent of the same ; and in 1866 he was elected a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from New Jersey, for the term 
 ending in 1871, in the place of J. P. Stockton, 
 unseated by the Senate, serving on the Committees 
 on Finance, and Agriculture, and Public Lands. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Caulfield, Bernard G, — Bom in Alexandria, 
 Virginia, October 18, 1828 ; graduated at Georgetown 
 College, District of Columbia, in 1848, and in the law 
 department of Pennsylvania University in 1850, and at 
 once admitted to the bar ; removed to Chicago in 
 1853, where he has since been engaged in the practice 
 of his profession ; never sought or held any public 
 office until elected a Representative to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress from Illinois ; and in December, 
 1874, was again elected to fill the unexpired term of 
 J. B. Rice, deceased. In December, 1875, he was ap- 
 pointed Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures 
 in the Department of Justice. 
 
 Cause;/, P. F. — He was born in 1801 ; was a 
 merchant by occupation ; elejcted Governor of Dela- 
 ware in 1854, and remained in office four years ; and 
 he died in Milford, Delaware, February 17, 1871. 
 
 Catisin, Joliil M. S. — He was born in Mary- 
 land ; was a lawyer by profession ; served several 
 terms in the Legislature ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from his native State from 1843 to 1845 ; and 
 in 1849 a Presidential Elector. Died at Cairo, 
 Illinois, January 30, 1861. 
 
 Caraiiaiif/h, ,Tames M. — He was born in 
 Springfield, Massachusetts, July 4, 1823 ; received a 
 common-school education ; wrote for a newspaper ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; removed to Minnesota 
 in 1854, and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; 
 removed to Colorado in 1861, and was a member of 
 its Constitutional Convention ; removed to Montana 
 in 1866 and was elected a Delegate to the Fortieth 
 Congress. 
 
 Cessna, John, — He was born in Bedford County, 
 Pennsylvania; graduated at Marshall College in 
 1842 ; was a tutor iu that institution for a short time : 
 after which he studied law, and came to the bar iu 
 1845 ; in 1849 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and on being re-elected, was made Speaker ; in 
 1861, he was again elected to the Legislature, and 
 again made Speaker ; he was a Delegate to the Cin- 
 cinnati Convention of 1836 ; also to the Charleston 
 and Baltimore Conventions of 1860; in 1865, he was 
 chosen Chairman of the Republican State Conven- 
 tion ; and in 1868, he was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first and Forty-third 
 Congresses, serving on the Committees on Elections, 
 and the War Department. In 1875, he was appointed 
 Assistant Attorney-General, but declined. 
 
 Chaffee, Calvin C. — Born in Saratoga, New 
 York, August 28, 1811. He early devoted liimself to 
 the study of medicine ; graduated at Widdlebury 
 College, Vermont ; and on becoming a citizen of 
 Massachusetts, he was elected a Representative iu 
 
74 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Conjfress from tliat State to the Thirty-fourth and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 18.59 he was ap- 
 pointed Librarian of the House of Representatives, 
 which office he held until 1801, when he was succeed- 
 ed by the compiler of this volume. 
 
 Clutffce, Jerome S. — He was born in Niagara 
 County, New York, April 17, 1825 ; received au aca- 
 demic education ; became largely engaged in mining 
 operations ; was elected to the Legislature of Colora- 
 do in 1861, 1862, and 1863, and served as Speaker of 
 the House ; was elected by the State Legislature of 
 the proposed State of Colorado in 1863 a United 
 States Senator ; and was elected to the Forty-second 
 and two subsequent Congresses, as Delegate from 
 the Territory of Colorado, serving on the Committee 
 on Territories. 
 
 Chalmers, Jose})}!, W, — He was a Senator in 
 Congress from Mississippi, from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Ohnmberlain, D. H. — He was born in West 
 Brook field, Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 
 23, 183.J ; graduated at Yale 'College in 186:i, and at 
 Harvard Law School in 1863 ; served in the Fifth 
 Massachusetts Cavalry from 1863 to 1865 ; settled in 
 Chorlestciu, South Carolina, in 1866 ; elected Attor- 
 ney-General of the State in 1868 ; and in 1874 he was 
 elected Governor of South Carolina. 
 
 Chamberlain, Ebenezer M.—Tle was born in 
 Maine, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Indiana, from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Chamberlain, JTacob P. — He was born in 
 Mas.^achusetts, and was a Representative from New 
 Y'ork to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 C/idiiiberfain, John C. — He graduated at Har- 
 vard Univc rsily in 17U3; practiced law at Alstead, 
 New Ihinipsliin^ ; aud was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1809 to 1811. He died at 
 Utica, New York, December 8, 1834, aged sixty-two 
 years. 
 
 Chamberlain, William. — He was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1801, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Vermont, from 1803 to 1805. and again from 1809 
 to 1811. He was a State Councilor from 1796 to 
 1803 ; served five years in ihe State Legislature; was 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont from 1813 to 1815 ; 
 and Chief Justice of a State Court from 1801 to 1803, 
 aud in 1814. 
 
 Chamberlin, Joshua Lawrence, — Born in 
 
 Bangor, Maine, September 8, 1828 ; graduated at 
 Bowdoin College in 1852, and Bangor Theological 
 Seminary in 18.")5 ; in his boyhood went to a military 
 academy at Ellsworth ; was Professor of Bowdoin 
 College from 1855 to 1862, when be was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twentieth Maine Infantry, 
 and Colonel in 1863 ; Brigadier-General in 1864 for 
 gallantry at Petersburg, where he was severely 
 wounded ; was Brevet Major-General, and again 
 wouu<led at Quaker Road, in 1865 ; commanded the 
 First Division, Fifth Corps, and led the advance 
 which ended in Lee's surrender in 1865 ; and his com- 
 mand received the formal surrender of the arms and 
 colors of Lee's army. He was engaged in twenty- 
 four pitched battles, and was six times wounded. 
 He resumed his professorship of Modern Languages 
 in 1865, and in 1871 was elected President of Bow- 
 doin College. Received the degree of LL.D. from 
 Pennsylvania College in 1866, and Bowdoin Col- 
 leL'e in 1868 ; was Governor of Maine from 1866 to 
 1870. 
 
 Chambei'S, David. — He was born in Alleutown, 
 Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1780. He 
 was educated by his father, who was a school-teacher; 
 and in 1794 was employed as a confidential express to 
 carry dispatches from General Henry Lee to Presi- 
 dent Washington during the Whiskey Insurrection ; 
 in 1796 he was placed in the office of the Aurora 
 newspaper to learn the printei''s trade ; and, after 
 spending the sixteen subsequent years on a farm in 
 Virginia, he removed to Zauesville, Ohio, where he 
 conducted a newspaper, and was elected State Print- 
 er. When the seat of government was removed to 
 Columbus, he was appointed Secretary of the Senate ; 
 during the years 1812 and 1813 he was Aid-de-camp 
 to General Cass ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Ohio from 1821 to 1833. He subsequently 
 served a number of years in the State Legislature of 
 Ohio ; was Speaker in 1844, and was a member of the 
 Constitutional Convention of 1851 ; having also been 
 elected Mayor of Zanesville, Recorder, and Clerk of 
 the Court of Common Pleas. Of late years he has 
 been wholly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Died 
 at Zanesville, Ohio, August 8, 1864. 
 
 Chambers, Ezekiel F. — Born in Kent County, 
 Maryland, February 28, 1788 ; graduated at Washing- 
 ton College when seventeen years of age ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808 ; he per- 
 formed some military service in 1812, and subse- 
 quently attained the rank of Brigadier-General ; in 
 1822 he was elected to the State Senate against his 
 will ; he took an active part, in 1825, in arranging 
 a system of legislation for the recovery of slaves ; 
 he was a Senator in Congress from Maryland from 
 1826 to 1834, serving as Chairman of the Committee 
 on the District of Columbia ; in 1834 he was ajipointed 
 Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District, and a 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals, which offices he held 
 until 1851, when the judiciary became elective ; hav- 
 ing been, in 1850, an active member of the Convention 
 which changed the State Constitution. He was offered 
 in 1852, by President Fillmore, the post of Secretary 
 of the Navy in the place of Secretary Graham, who 
 resigned, but his health compelled him to decline the 
 honor. In 1864 he was the Democratic candidate for 
 Governor of Maryland, and was for many years a 
 Delegate to the Conventions of the Episcopal Church. 
 In 1833 Yale College conferred upon him the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws, and in 1852 he received the same 
 honor from the Delaware College. He died in Chester- 
 town, Maryland, January 30, 1867. 
 
 Chambers, George. — Born in Chambersburg, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1786 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1807, and practiced extensively in the Franklin 
 County Courts. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1837, and was then 
 elected a Delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional 
 Convention. In 1851 he was appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor, with the unanimous consent of the Senate, a 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, which 
 office he held until the expiration of its tenure under 
 the Constitution. Since that time he has lived in re- 
 tirement, discharging many trusts and offices in pro- 
 motion of religion and education in the town of his 
 birth, which bears his father's name. Died in March, 
 1866. 
 
 Chambers, JTenry. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from 1825 to 1826 from Alabama, and died Janu- 
 ary 35, 1826. 
 
 Chambers, John. — Born in New Jersey in 1779 ; 
 emigrated to Kentucky when thirteen years of age ; 
 studied law, and practiced the profession with suc- 
 cess ; was an Aid-de-camp to General Harrison at the 
 i battle of the Thames ; was appointed Governor of the 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 75 
 
 Territory of Iowa by President Harrison, manifesting 
 great ability and prudence in his intercourse with the 
 Indians ; and by President Taylor he was anpoiuted a 
 Commissioner to make a treaty with the Sioux In- 
 dians. He was a member of Congress from Kentucky 
 from 1837 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. He 
 died near Paris, Kentucky, September 21, 1852. 
 
 Champion, Etmphtoditits, — He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Connecticut from 
 18U7 to 1817 ; a man greatly respected for his public 
 and private character ; and died at East Haddam, 
 Connecticut, November 22, 1835, aged seventy-eight 
 years. 
 
 Champlin, Christopher O. — He was a native 
 of Newport, Rhode Island ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 178G ; was a member of Congress from 
 Rhode Island from 1797 to 1801, and a Senator of the 
 United States from 1809 to 1811. At the time of his 
 death, which occurred March 18, 1840, in the seventy- 
 fourth year of his age, he was President of the Rhode 
 Island Bank. 
 
 Chfiueller, John. — Was a native of Maine when 
 a part of Massachusetts, representing it in the State 
 Senate from 1803 to 1805, and in Congress from 1805 
 to 1808, and for three years was Sheriff of Kennebec 
 County. In 1812 he was ajjpointed Brigadier-General, 
 and took an active part in the Canadian campaign, 
 having his horse shot under him at the battle of 
 Stony Creek, where he was wounded and taken pris- 
 oner. He was elected to the United States Senate 
 in 1820, being one of the first two Senators from 
 Maine after its separation from Massachusetts, serv- 
 ing two terms, until 1829. In 1829 he was appointed 
 Collector of the port of Portland, serving until 1837 ; 
 and he died at Augusta, September, 1841. 
 
 Chfiml/er, Joseph Ji, — He was born in King- 
 ston, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, in 1792 ; was 
 liberally educated, and adopted the profession of 
 law ; edited for many years a newspaper in Phila- 
 delphia, entitled the United States Gazette; was a 
 Representative iu Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1849 to 1855 ; and in 1858 he was appointed by 
 President Buchanan Minister to Naples. After his 
 return he became editor of the Philadelphia North 
 American. In 1821 he published a " Grammar of the 
 English Language," and subsequently a large num- 
 ber of Essays and Addresses on subjects connected 
 with Social Life and Literature. 
 
 Chandler, Tliomas. — He was born in Bedford, 
 New Hampshire, August 10, 1772 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; was a farmer by occupation ; 
 and had a fondness for sacred music, which he taught 
 to a limited extent among his neighbors. He was a 
 Justice of the Quorum in 1808 ; a Captain of Militia 
 in 1815 ; was a member of the New Hampshire Leg- 
 islature in 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from his native State from 1829 to 1833. Died in 
 Bedford, January 28, 1866. His brother, John Chand- 
 ler, was also in Congress, and he was the uncle of the 
 Senator, Zachariah Chandler. 
 
 Chandler, William E. — ^He was born in Con- 
 cord, New Hampshire, December 28, 1835 ; received 
 a common-school education, and studied law at the 
 Harvard Law School ; received the degree of LL.B. 
 from that institution ; came to tlie bar in 1855, and 
 practiced the profession until 1865 ; from 1859 to 1865 
 he was reporter of the Supreme Court of New Hamp- 
 shire ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1862, 
 1863, and 1864, and twice chosen Speaker ; was made 
 an A.M. by Dartmouth College ; in 1865 appointed by 
 President Lincoln Judge-Advocate General ; soon 
 afterwards appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treas- 
 
 ury, and resigned in 1867. He was also Secretary of 
 the National Republican Committee, and particijiated 
 in the campaigns of 1868 and 1872. Of late years has 
 been devoted to his profession. 
 
 Chandler, Zachariah. — Born in Bedford, New 
 Hampshire, December 10, 1813 ; received an academ- 
 ical education ; was bred a merchant ; was Mayor of 
 Detroit, Michigan, in 1851 ; defeated candidate for 
 Governor of Jlichigan in 1852 ; and a Senator in 
 Congress, from Michigan, having succeeded Senator 
 Cass in that capacity, and taking his seat in the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on the District of Columbia, and Chairman 
 of the Committee on Commerce. He was re-elected 
 to the Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1809, 
 serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims 
 and on Mines and Mining, and again as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Commerce. He was a member of 
 the National Committee appointed to accompany the 
 remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 
 1806. Re-elected to the Senate for the term ending 
 in 1875, serving as Chainnan of the Committee on 
 Commerce. In October, 1875, he was appointed Sec- 
 retary of the Interior. 
 
 Chanel/, John. — He was born in Maryland, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1833 to 1839. 
 
 Chanter, John Winthrop. — Bom in the city 
 of New York in 182G ; was a member of the New 
 York Assembly in 1859 and 1860, and declined a re- 
 nomiuation ; and in 1862 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Patents. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on the Bankru])t Law, on Patents, and Southern 
 Railroads. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and 
 was ])laced on the Committees on Elections, Southern 
 Railroads, and Patents. 
 
 Chapin, Chester W. — He was born in Ludlow, 
 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, December 16, 
 1798 ; was well educated at the common schools. 
 During his long and active life he was engaged in 
 the various occupations of a farmer, merchant, bank- 
 er, manufacturer, and the business of transportation 
 by sea and land ; and was long the President of the 
 Boston and Albany Railroad Company. In 1853 he 
 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention 
 of his State ; and in 1874 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Chapin, Grahant H. — He was born in Con- 
 necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1835 to 1837, and died in 1843. 
 
 Chapman, Aiifjitstns A. — He was bora in 
 Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Chapman, Bird B. — He was born in Con- 
 necticut, and, on removing to Nebraska, was elected 
 a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Chapman, Charles. — Born in Newtown, Con- 
 necticut, in 1799 ; received an academical education ; 
 studied law, and practiced at Newtown from 1824 to 
 1827 ; removed to Hartford in 1832, and from that city 
 was three times elected to the Legislature ; from 1841 
 to 1845 he was United States District Attorney ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853 ; Tem- 
 perance candidate for Governor in 1854 ; and his abili- 
 
76 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ties as a criminal lawyer gave liim a wide reputation. 
 Died in Hartford, August 7, 1869. His father, Asa 
 Chapman, was also an eminent lawyer, and a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Connecticut. 
 
 Chapman, Henry. — Born in Bucks County, 
 Pennsylvania, about the year 1805 ; received a good 
 education, and read law under the competent direction 
 of his father ; admitted to the bar about 1836 ; was a 
 member of the State Senate for three years, from 
 January, 1843 ; President Judge of the Fifteenth 
 Judicial District of Pennsylvania for some years after 
 leaving the Senate ; was a Representative in the Thir- 
 ty-fifth Congress from Pennsylvania ; and elected 
 President Judge of the Seventh Judicial District of 
 Pennsylvania in 1861. 
 
 Chapman, John.— Re was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1799. 
 
 Chapmnn, John G. — He was born in Charles 
 County, Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died December 
 10, 1856. He laid the foundation of his education at 
 Yale College, which he left during his senior term, 
 on account of his health, and afterwards refused a 
 diploma which was tendered to him by the faculty. 
 He studied law with William Wirt, and after practic- 
 ing for some time, turned his attention to politics, and 
 between the years 1824 and 1844 he was almost con- 
 stantly in the Legislature of Maryland. In 1845 he 
 was elected a Representative in Congress, and again 
 re-elected in 1847, serving on important Committees, 
 and doing much good for his constituents and the 
 public at large. He was chosen President of the Con- 
 vention which framed the Constitution of Marj-land in 
 1851 ; and his last public act was to preside as Chair- 
 man of the National Whig Convention which met in 
 Baltimore in 1856 to nominate Millard Fillmore for the 
 Presidency. He was an eloquent speaker, filled all his 
 public trusts with fidelity, and died lamented by 
 a large number of warm personal friends. 
 
 Chapman, John Oadshy. — Born in Alexan- 
 dria, Virginia : studied and practiced the art of paint- 
 ing for several years at Rome ; established himself in 
 New York ; furnished many original designs for illus- 
 trations of published works, such as Harper's Bible. 
 He received an order from Congress to fill one of the 
 panels in the Rotunda of the Capitol, and painted the 
 " Baptism of Pocahontas ;" in 1848 he went to reside 
 at Rome ; among his pictures are, " Israelites Spoil- 
 ing the Egyptians," "Etruscan Girl," and "First Ital- 
 ian Milestone," and many pictures illustrative of 
 Indian character. He published an " American Draw- 
 ing Book," and an " Amateur's Drawing Manual." 
 
 Chapman, Reuben. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative In Congress from Alabama 
 from 1835 to 1848 ; also Governor of that State from 
 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Chapman, William IV. — He was a Delegate 
 to Congress from the Territory of Iowa from 1839 to 
 1841. 
 
 Chappell, Absalom IT. — He was born in 
 Georgia, and was a Representative from that State 
 to the Twenty-eighth Congress. 
 
 Chappell, John J. — Born in Fairfield District, 
 South Carolina, January 19, 1783 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1804 ; was a Solicitor of Equity, Colonel 
 of Militia, a Trustee of the State College in 1809, 
 and a Bank Director ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from South Carolina from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Charlton, Robert J!f .— He was born in Savan- 
 
 nah, Georgia, January 19, 1807 ; was liberally edu- 
 cated ; studied law and came to the bar before at- 
 taining his majority ; served in the State Legislature ; 
 became United States District Attorney ; and in his 
 twenty-seventh Tear was appointed Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of Eastern Georgia. He was a poet, and 
 published a volume of poems in 1839 ; and also pub- 
 lished a prose work entitled " Leaves from the Port- 
 folio of a Georgia Lawyer," as well as a variety of 
 historical and other lectures and literary addresses. 
 His service in Congress was as a Senator from Geor- 
 gia, by appointment, during a part of the years 1853 
 and 1853. He died at Savannah, January 8, 1854. 
 
 Chase, Dudley. — ^Was born in Cornish, Sulli- 
 van County, New Hampshire, December 30, 1771. 
 He received an academic education, and graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 1791. Having been admitted 
 to the bar he commenced practice in Vermont, and, 
 from 1803 to 1811, he was State's Attorney for Orange 
 County. He was a member of the Constitutional 
 Conventions of 1814 and 1832. He was a Representa- 
 tive from Randolph to the Legislature of Vermont in 
 1805, and the seven succeeding years, during five of 
 which he was Speaker of the House of Representa- 
 tives, and was again elected Representative from the 
 same town in 1823 and 1824. He was elected United 
 States Senator from Vermont from 1813 to 1819, but 
 he resigned his seat in 1817. He was chosen Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont in 1817, 
 holding the same office by annual re-elections until 
 1831. He then returned to his profession of the law 
 for a few years, and in 1834 lie was again chosen 
 United States Senator from 1835 to 1831, inclusive, 
 when he retired wholly from public life, and devoted 
 his attention to farming and gardening, of which he 
 was excessively fond. He was a brother of the late 
 Philander Chase, Bishop of Illinois ; and died at 
 Randolph, Vermont, February 23, 1846. 
 
 Chase, George W. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1855. Died in Marvland, Otsego County, 
 New York, May 1, 1867. 
 
 Chase, Jerentiah T. — He was a Delegate from 
 Marvland to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 
 1784! 
 
 Chase, Lucien JS. — He was born in Vermont, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Tennes- 
 see from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending 
 in 1849. He was the author of a work entitled 
 " History of President Polk's Administration." Died 
 in December, 1864, aged forty-seven years. 
 
 Chase, Salmon P. — He was born in Cornish, 
 New Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His education 
 began at home, and was continued at the schools and 
 academies of New Hampshire and central Ohio, and 
 completed at the Cincinnati College, and at Dart- 
 mouth, in New Hampshire, graduating in 1836. He 
 studied law in Washington City ivith William Wirt, 
 and practiced his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio, for 
 many years. His first public position was that of 
 School' Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1839 ; in 1840 he 
 was a City Councilman ; in 1845 he projected what 
 was called a Liberty Convention ; was a member of 
 the Free-soil Convention held at Buffalo in 1848 ; and 
 was a Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1849 to 
 1855, and elected Governor of Ohio in 1855, and re- 
 elected in 1857. In 1860 he was again chosen a 
 Senator in Congress ; but on the day after he took 
 his seat he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury 
 in President Lincoln's Cabinet, but resigned in July, 
 1864. It was while the country was passing through 
 the trials of the Rebellion that the National Finan- 
 ces were successfully carried through under his ad- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ministration. He was a member, also, of the Peace 
 Congress of 1861. On December 6, 1864, he was 
 appointed by President Lincoln Chief Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, to succeed R. 
 B. Taney. By virtue of his position as Chief Jus- 
 tice he presided over the Senate while acting as a 
 Court of Impeachment, during the trial of President 
 Andrew Johnson, in 1868. Died in Washington, 
 May 7, 1871 
 
 Chase, Satn net. —Bovn in Somerset County, 
 Maryland, April 17, 1741 ; received a good education, 
 and came to the bar in his twenty-second year, set- 
 tling at Annapolis; he was one of the "Sons of 
 Liberty ; " was sent by Maryland as a Delegate to 
 the Continental Congress, where he served from 1774 
 to 1778, and in 1784 and 178.5 ; was a signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence ; and he it was who 
 proclaimed on the floor of Congress that thej' had a 
 Judas among them, in the person of J. J. Zubly, of 
 Georgia, and also made a severe demonstration 
 against the Society of Friends for alleged disloyalty. 
 In 1786 he settled in Baltimore, and in 1788 was ap- 
 pointed Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, and was 
 a member of the Convention that ratified the Federal 
 Constitution. In 1796 he was appointed by Washing- 
 ton an Associate on the Supreme Bench ; in 1804, at 
 the instigation of John Randolph, he was impeached, 
 and having been arraigned in 1805, after a long trial, 
 his alleged improper conduct on tlie bench was ap- 
 proved. Died June 19, 1811. He was a man of high 
 character and rare benevolence, and it was to him 
 that William Pinkney was indebted for his education 
 and subsequent success in life. 
 
 Chase, Samuel. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 18:27 to 1829. 
 
 Chastain, Edward W. — He was born in South 
 Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress fnmi 
 Georgia, from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Cliatfield, A, G. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Minnesota, and in 1853 he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Minnesota. 
 
 Chavez, J. Francisco. — He was born in Pa- 
 dillas, Bernalillo County. New Mexico, June 27, 1833 ; 
 received a liberal education at St. Louis, Missouri ; 
 studied medicine at the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons in New York ; and was devoted for several 
 years to mercantile i>ursuit8, and to the raising of 
 cattle for the California market. In 1801 he entered 
 tlie military service of the United States, and was 
 appointed Major of the First Regiment of Infantry 
 raised in New Mexico, and, after participating in 
 several battles and seeing much active seivice on the 
 frontier, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, and was mustered out at his own request in 
 1864 ; and in 1865 he was elected a Delegate from 
 New Mexico to the Thirty -ninth Congress ; and re- 
 elected to tlie Fortieth Congress, to which he was ad- 
 mitted during the last month of said Congress. 
 
 Cheatham, Michard. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1837 to 1839. 
 Died in September, 1845. 
 
 ChenoH'ifh, F. A. — He was born in Ohio, re- 
 moved to Iowa, and from that State was appointed 
 Associate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of Washington. 
 
 CheshiKt, tTames, Jr. — Born near Camden, 
 South Carolina, in 1815 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege ; from 1842 to 1852 was a member of the State 
 
 Legislature ; from 1854 to 1858 he was a member of 
 the State Senate ; he was appointed to a seat in tlie 
 United States Senate, taking the same during the 
 second session of the Tliirty-fifth Congress, and was 
 subsequently elected to that position, but was ex- 
 pelled July 11,1861. He became identified with the 
 Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the so-called Con- 
 federate Congress ; and also a Delegate to the New 
 York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Chettfood, William. — Born iu New Jersey in 
 1769 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1792, and 
 admitted to the bar in 1798. During the Whiskey 
 Insurrection he attended MajorGeneral Lee as Aid- 
 de-camp ; at one time served iu the State Council of 
 New Jersey, and was elected to Congress from that 
 State, to fill a vacancy during the administration of 
 President Jackson. He was an able lawyer, practiced 
 his profession until his seventieth year, and died De- 
 cember 18, 1857. 
 
 CJietyes, Latiffdon. — He was born in Abbeville 
 District, South Carolina, September 17, 1776; was 
 admitted to the bar in 1801 ; elected to the State Leg- 
 islature in 1808 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ; 
 and afterwards Attorney-General of the State. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina 
 from 1811 to 1816, and was Speakerduring the second 
 session of the Thirteenth Congress. He was also a. 
 Commissioner of Claims under the Treaty of Ghent ; 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1816 to 
 1819, and for a time President of the United States 
 Bank. Resigning this trust he returned to Carolina, 
 and withdrew from public life. He died June 26, 
 1857. 
 
 Chew. Benjamin. — Born in Anne Arundel 
 County, Maryland, November 29, 1722 ; his grand- 
 father, Samuel, having come to America with Lord 
 Baltimore ; he studied law and settled on the Dela- 
 ware ; in 1754 he went to Philadelphia, and held the 
 offices respectively of Recorder, Register of Wills, 
 Attorney-General, and Chief Justice of the State. 
 Was a member of the House of Delegates. When 
 hostilities commenced, was claimed by both parties ; 
 but, after the Declaration of Independence, was de- 
 cided against the Whigs, and, because he refused to 
 sign a parole in 1777, he was imprisoned at Fred- 
 ericksburg in Virginia. From 1790 to 180(} he was 
 President of the High Court of Errors and Appeals, 
 and died January 20, 1810. 
 
 Chilcott, George 31. — Bom in Huntingdon 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1828 ; in 1844 re- 
 moved with his father to Iowa ; studied medicine, 
 but did not practice the profession. In 1852 he was 
 chosen Sheriii of Jefferson County ; emigrated to Ne- 
 braska Territory in 1856 ; during the latter part of that 
 year he was elected to the Territorial Legislature ; in 
 1859 he settled in Colorado, and in 1861 was elected 
 to the Legislature of that Territory ; in 1862 he was 
 admitted to the bar of the same ; in 1863 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln a Register of the Land 
 Oifice, serving four years ; in 1865 he was elected to 
 Congress as a Representative under the State organi- 
 zation, but not admitted ; and in 186G he was 
 elected a Delegate from Colorado to the Fortieth 
 Congress. In 1866 he was admitted to practice be- 
 fore the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 Childs, Thomas. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative from that State during the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Childs, Timothy. — He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts ; was a member of the Assembly of New York 
 in 1828 and 1833 ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1829 to 1831, from 
 
78 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1848. Died at 
 Santa Cruz, in November, 1847. 
 
 Chilton, Samuel. — He was born in Virginia 
 in 1804, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1845. After receiving a good 
 education, he studied and adopted the profession of 
 law ; filled various offices of trust and honor, and, 
 after retiring from Congress, was a member of tlie 
 State Constitutional Convention. Died at his resi- 
 dence in Fauquier County, Virginia, January 14, 
 1807. 
 
 Chinn, Josejih TK.— He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1831 to 1835, and died 
 at Richmond, Decemljer 5, 1840. 
 
 Chinii, Thomas W. — He was bom in Ken- 
 tucky, and, removing to Louisiana, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 
 to 1841. 
 
 Chinn, Thomas W. — He was a citizen of Lou- 
 isiana, and in 1849 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires 
 to the Two Sicilies, hut soon resigned, having held 
 the office only from June to October. 
 
 Chipman, Daniel. — Bom in 1765, in Salisbury, 
 Connecticut ; graduated at Dartmouth in 1788 ; was a 
 lawyer by profession, and practiced at Ripton, Ver- 
 mont. He was for many years in the Legislature, 
 and was frequently Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives of his State, and a member of the last State 
 Constitutional Convention ; he was the first reporter 
 of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and author of 
 an able work on "Law Contracts for the Sale of Spe- 
 ciflc Articles," which is highly esteemed by the pro- 
 fession. He was a member of Congress from 1815 to 
 1817, and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850. 
 
 Chijiman, Henry. — He was born in Vermont in 
 1785, and after receiving a liberal education, adopted 
 the profession of law. When quite young he went 
 to South Carolina, and was engaged in the practice of 
 the profession in that State until 1834, when he was 
 appointed by President Monroe a Judge of the United 
 States for the Territory of Michigan, when he re- 
 moved to Detroit, and from which time until his 
 death, which occurred in Detroit, he was one of the 
 most influential citizens of the State. Judge Chip- 
 man was a first-class man, and the qualities which 
 characterized Judge Chipman cannot, perhaps, be 
 better expressed than in his own language, addressed 
 to the compiler, when speaking of Mr. Woodbridge : — 
 " In his politics he was a disciple of the Washington 
 school, whose principles he had imbibed in early life 
 from his association with the founders of the Repub- 
 lic and framers of the Federal Constitution. He was 
 truly national and conservative in his views and feel- 
 ings, and always a devoted friend of the Union. He 
 could never stoop to play the political partisan for his 
 own advancement, but always carried his political 
 opinions as parts of his private conscience and per- 
 sonal integrity, and never allowed a difference of po- 
 litical opinion to interfere with his social relations or 
 public duties." 
 
 Chipman, John S. — He was born in Vermont, 
 graduated at Middlebury College in 1833, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Michigan from 1845 
 to 1847. Subsequently removed to California. 
 
 Chipman, Nathaniel. — Bom in Salisbury, 
 Connecticut, November 15, 1753 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1777, and settled as a lawyer in Tinmouth, 
 Vermont ; and was Professor of Law for twenty-eight 
 years in Middlebury College. In 178(5 he wa* elected 
 a Judge of the Supreme Court ; in 1789 he was chosen 
 
 Chief Justice ; and in 1791 was appointed Judge of 
 the United States District Court. He was subse- 
 quently again elected Chief Justice, and from 1797 to 
 1803 he was a member of the United States Senate 
 from Vermont. In 1793 he published " Sketches of 
 the Principles of Government," and " Rei>orts and 
 Dissertations." He died at Tinmouth, February 13, 
 184:3. 
 
 Chipman, Norton P. — He was born in Mil- 
 ford Centre, Ohio, March 7, 1834 ; removed to Iowa 
 in 1845 ; entered Washington College, but left to at- 
 tend the Law School at Cincinnati, where he grad- 
 uated ; returned to Iowa and commenced the practice 
 of law ; entered the Union Army as private, and en- 
 rolled as second Lieutenant ; and was Adjutant and 
 Major of the Second Infantry ; was appointed Colonel 
 and additional Aid-de-camp in the Regular Army, and 
 at the close of the war was brevetted Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral ; settled at Washington City, where lie had pre- 
 viously been on duty for two years ; was appointed 
 Secretary of the Territorial government of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia at its organization, and was elected 
 a Delegate to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses. 
 
 Chittenden, Lucius B. — He was bom in Ver- 
 mont, and in 1861 was appointed from that State 
 Register in the United States Treasury, in which he 
 remained untU 1867. 
 
 Chittenden , 3Iartin. — Bom in Salisbury, Con- 
 necticut, March 12, 1769. In 1776 the family removed 
 to Willistou, Vermont ; in 1789 graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College, but, owing to feeble health, he de- 
 voted himself to agricultural pursuits at Jericho, in 
 Chittenden County/ He was a member of the Con- 
 vention that adopted the United States Constitution ; 
 was in 1790 elected County Clerk and Representative, 
 to which position he was re-elected for six years suc- 
 cessively, and also at occasional subsequent inter- 
 vals ; was Judge of the County Court from 1793 to 
 1795 ; Chief Justice from 1796 to 1803 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1813, and 
 Governor of Vermont in 1813 and 1814. Was Judge 
 of Probate in 1831 and 1823. At the age of thirty- 
 three he attained the rank of Major-General of Mili- 
 tia. He was Governor during the war nnth England, 
 and refused to comply with the requisition of General 
 Macomb for the State Militia, and this act prevented 
 his re-election as Governor. He died at Williston, 
 Vermont, September 5, 1841. 
 
 Chittenden, Simeon B. — He was bom in Guil- 
 ford, Connecticut, March 29, 1814 ; received an aca- 
 demic education ; entered a store at New Haven, Con- 
 necticut, and removed to New York in 1843, where 
 he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the New York Chamber of Commerce from 
 1867 to 1869 ; one of the Directors in the Continental 
 Bank and in the Continental Fire Insurance Company; 
 a Director in the Delaware and Lackawanna and Wes- 
 tern and other Railroads ; President of the New Ha- 
 ven and New London Shore-Line Railroad of Connec- 
 ticut ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, to 
 fill a vacancy, and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service. 
 
 Chittenden, Tliomas. — Bora in East Guilford, 
 Connecticut, January 6, 1730 ; received a scanty edu- 
 cation ; removed at the age of twenty to Salisbury, 
 where he commanded a regiment ; was many years a 
 Representative in the Legislature, and Justice of the 
 Peace ; in 1774 emigrated to the New Hampshire 
 grants, as Vermont was then called, and settled at 
 Williston on the Onion River ; rendered service to the 
 State in the Councils during the Revolution ; was a 
 member of the Convention in 1777 which declared 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Vermont an independent State, and was one of the 
 Commissioners to solicit admission into the Confed- 
 eracy ; in 1777 was a member of the State Constitu- 
 tional Convention ; President of the Council of Safe- 
 ty ; in 1778 was chosen Governor of the State, and, 
 with the exception of one year, filled that office till 
 his death. He died at Williston, Vermont, August 
 24, 1797. 
 
 ChiffOKlen, T. C, — He was horn in Massachu- 
 setts, and having removed to New York, was elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Twenty- 
 seventh Congress. 
 
 Choftte, Jlufns. — Was born at Ipswich, Mas- 
 sachusetts, October 1, 1799. He graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1819, and was afterwards chosen a 
 tutor in that institution, but having selected the law 
 for Ills profession, he entered the Law School at Cam- 
 bridge, and after spending a few months there went 
 to Washington and studied with William Wirt. He 
 completed his legal studies at an office in Salem, and 
 commenced the practice of his profession in the town 
 of Danvers in 1834. In 182.5 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Massachusetts Legislature, and in 
 1827 he was in the Senate of the same State. He took 
 a prominent part in the debates, and won much repu- 
 tation by his energy and sagacity. In 1833 he was 
 elected a member of Congress from the Essex District, 
 but declined a re-election in 1834, and removed to 
 Boston, to devote himself to his profession. Here he 
 took an eminent position at the bar, and soon came 
 into an extensive jiractice. In 1841, on the retirement 
 of Mr. Webster from the Senate, Mr. Choate was 
 elected to fill the vacancy, and at the close of his 
 term he gave himself up wholly to his profession. He 
 was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, but 
 resigned the position. He was greatly distinguished 
 for his eloquence, but his style of speaking was pecu- 
 liar ; his judgment in the management of cases was 
 considered consummate. His published orations and 
 arguments are quite numerous, and all of a high 
 order. From Yale College he received the degree of 
 LL.D. He died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, while on his 
 way to Europe for his health, July 12, 1859. His 
 life and writings were published by Dr. S. G. Brown 
 and anotlier life by E. G. Parker. 
 
 Chrisman, tfatnes S. — Was born in Kentucky 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
 that State in 1849 ; a Representative in Congress 
 from 1853 to 1855 ; contested for the seat in Congress 
 in 18G0 with William C. Anderson, but was rejected ; 
 was a member of the Executive Council of the State 
 from 1861 to 1865 ; and a member of the Confederate 
 Congress during its existence. 
 
 Chriftfiancy, Isaac P. — Born in Johnstown, 
 New York, in March, 1813 ; received an academical 
 education, and while yet a boy supported his father's 
 family by teaching school. Began the study of law, 
 and in 1836 removed to Monroe, Michigan, where he 
 completed his legal course and practiced the profes- 
 sion from 1838 to 1857. From 1841 to 1846 he was 
 Prosecuting Attorney for Monroe County ; in 1848 he 
 attended the Free Soil Convention in Buffalo ; in 1849 
 elected to the State Senate ; in 1853 was the candi- 
 date for Governor of the Free Soil party, and was a 
 prime mover in the political combinations of 1854. 
 He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 
 1856 ; soon afterward purchased The Mnnroe dmimer- 
 cial and became its editor ; was a candidate for the 
 United States Senate in 1857 : in the same year was 
 elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and 
 in 1865 re-elected for eight years by the unanimous 
 vote of all parties ; served as an officer on the staffs 
 of Generals A. A. Humphreys and G. A. Custer dur- 
 ing the Rebellion, and was elected a Senator in 
 
 Congress from Michigan for the term ending in 
 1881. 
 
 Christie, Gabriel, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1797, and from 
 1799 to 1801. 
 
 Chrisfi/, ,Tohn IT, — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Church, Sanniel. — Born at Salisbury, Connecti- 
 cut, February, 1785 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1803 ; studied law and settled in his native town, 
 which he represented in the Legislature and in the 
 State Senate from 1818 to 1831 ; was Judge of Probate 
 for eleven years ; Judge of the Superior Court in 
 1833 ; and Chief Justice from 1847 to 1854. Removed 
 to Litchfield in 1845. He received the degree of 
 LL.D. from Trinity College in 1847. Died at New- 
 town, September 18, 1854. 
 
 Church, Sandford E. — He was bom in Milford, 
 Otsego County, New York, Ajiril 18, 1815 ; received 
 a good education at the common schools and acade- 
 mies ; studied law and practiced the profession ; was 
 elected Lieutenant-Governor of New York in 1830 and 
 1852 ; in 1857 he was elected Comptroller of the 
 State, but was defeated for the same position at 
 the subsequent elections ; and in 1870 he was ap- 
 pointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New 
 York. 
 
 Churchill , John Cliarles, — He was born in 
 Mooers, Clinton County, New York, January 17, 
 1831 ; graduated at Middlebury College, A'erniont, in 
 1843 ; adopted the profession of law ; from 1857 to 
 1859 he was the District Attorney for Oswego County ; 
 was County Judge of the same county from 1800 to 
 1863, and in 1806 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress ; and made Chairman of Co;n- 
 raittee on Public Buildings, and serving on Committee 
 on Elections. 
 
 Churchwell, IViHiam 31. — He was born in 
 Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1852 to 1855. 
 
 Cillcji, liraflburi/, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Hampshire from 1813 to 
 1817. 
 
 CiUeji, JTonafhan, — He was born in Notting- 
 ham, New Hampshire, July 3, 1803 ; graduated at 
 Bowdoin College in 1835 ; adopted the profession of 
 law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was at one time 
 S]ieaker of the House of Representatives of Maine, of 
 which he was a member from 1833 to 1837 ; a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1833 ; and a member of Congress 
 from Maine from 1837 to the time of his death. He 
 was killed at the third fire in a duel fought with Wil- 
 liam J. Graves, at Bladensburg, Maryland, February 
 34, 1838, with rifles, at eighty yards' distance. 
 
 Cillejf, Joseph. — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire, and was a Senator in Congress from that State, 
 from 1846 to 1847. 
 
 Cltigett, William II. — He was bom in Upper 
 Marlborough, Maryland, September 31, 1838 : studied 
 and practiced law ; removed to the Far West, and was 
 a member of the Legislature of Nevada in 1863, 1863, 
 and 1865, and elected to the Forty-second Congress 
 from that State. 
 
 Clof/getf, Cliff on, — He was born in Rockingham 
 County, New Hampshire ; was Judge of Probate of 
 
80 
 
 BIOQKAPniCAL ANNALS. 
 
 Hillsborough County from 1S33 to 1837 ; Judge of 
 the Superior Court one or two years ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 
 1805, and again from ISIT to 1831 ; and died in 1829, 
 aged tifty-six years. 
 
 Clitiboriie. fTohu. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 180o to 1808. Died 
 during the latter year. 
 
 Claiborne, John F. If. — 'Was a native of 
 Natchez. Mississippi ; educated and licensed as a 
 lawyer in Virginia ; was a Representative in the Leg- 
 islature of Mississippi during three sessions, and a 
 Representative in Congress from Mississippi from 
 1835 to 1838 ; afterwanls conducted the Natchez 
 Free Tniilir. and also the L'tiihuma Cotirur, leading 
 journals of the South, and was editor of an agricultu- 
 toI journal published in New Orleans. He held the 
 office of United States Timber Agent for the Districts 
 of Louisiana and Mississippi, to which he was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce. He wrote an historical 
 work relating to the South-west. 
 
 Cloibornr, y<tfbaiiiel IT. — He was born in 
 Susses County, Virginia ; served many years in the 
 Legislature of that State ; was also a member of the 
 Esecutivo Council ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837. Died in 
 Franklin County, Virginia, August 15, 1859, aged 
 oighty-three years. 
 
 Claiborne. Thomas. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1799, and 
 ag!\in fn.nu 1801 to 1805. 
 
 Claiborne, 27lo»»a.«.— He was a Representa- 
 tive iu Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Claiborne. Villiani C. C— He studied law, 
 and settled iu Tennessee, of which State he assisted 
 iu forming the Constitution, and afterwards repre- 
 sented it in Congress from 1797 to 1801. In 1801 he 
 was appointed Oovernor of the Mississippi Territory, 
 and in 1804 of Louisiana, and to that office he was 
 also chosen by the jieople, after the adoption of its 
 Constitution, from 1812 to 181(5. He was then elected 
 a Senator of the United States, but died before he 
 took his seat, at New Orleans, November 23, 1817. 
 
 Clapp, Aim on .If, — He was Vwrn iu Connecti- 
 cut ; removed to New York, and was for many years 
 connected with the Press of BulTsilo, conducting for 
 a time the Dnili/ £>/)r(j«i .■ and he was appointed 
 Congressional Printer in 1SC8, and was still iu oHice 
 iu 1875. 
 
 Clapp. Asa IF. IT. — He was born in Maine, and 
 was a Representative iu Congress from that State 
 from 18-17 to 1849. 
 
 Clark. Abraliam. — B.>rn near Elizahethtown. 
 New Jersey, February 15, 172l>. He was a self-made 
 man, and because of his habit of giving legal advice 
 gratuitously, he was called the " Poor Man"s Coun- 
 selor." He was Sheriff and CU»rk of the Colonial 
 Assembly, one of the Delegates to the Continental 
 Congress, and a signer of the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence ; and, after the adoption of the Constitution. 
 was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey 
 from 1791 to 1794, when he resigned. He died Sep- 
 tember 15, 1794, of stroke of the sun. 
 
 Clark, Ambrose IF. — He was born near 
 Cooperstown, Otsego County, New York, February 
 19, 1810 ; received a common-school education ; was 
 employed in a printing-office at Cooperstown until he 
 became of age ; published for five years the Ot^effo 
 
 lieptiblican ; established and published for eight 
 years, in Lewis County, \\w JS'ortlurn Journal; and 
 also published for sixteen years the yort/urn Ktw 
 York Joiirnnl. in Watertown, Jefferson Cminty. Iu 
 1859 he was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Tliirly-.-icventh Congress, serving (Ui the Com- 
 mittee on Printing. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress in 1802, and was Chairnnin of the 
 Committee ou Printing and a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Accounts, In 1805 he was appointed by 
 President Lincoln Consul at Valparaiso; and in 1808, 
 by President Johnson, Charge d Affaires nt Santiago 
 during the absence of Minister Kilpatrick. 
 
 Clark, Amos, Jr, — He was born in Westfield, 
 New Jersey, November 8, 1827 ; received a practical 
 education ; has been in business in New Y"ork city ; 
 is a banker in Elizabeth, and largely interested iu 
 real estate: was a member of the City Council in 
 1805 and 1800 ; was elected State Senator from 1806 
 to 181)9 ; was an Elector in 1872, and was elected to 
 tlie Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Clark, Christopher. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1804 to 180C. 
 
 Clark, Daniel. — He was born in Stratham, 
 Rockingham County, New Hampshire, October 24, 
 1809 : graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834 ; 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1837 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the New llamj^hire Legislature in the years 
 1842, 184;!. 1840. 18-54. and 1855 ; in 1857 he" was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire, 
 and iu 1801 was re-elected for the term ending in 
 1807, serving as Chairman of the Committees on 
 Claims, the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and as a mem- 
 ber of other important Committees. During the first 
 session of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was chosen 
 President ;>ri) ttin. of the Senate, but resigned the 
 position at the close of the second session of the same 
 Congress. In July, 1800. he resigned his seat in the 
 Senate, and was appointed by President Johnson 
 Judge of the United States District Court for New 
 Hampshire. He was also a Delegate to the " Loyal- 
 ists' Convention" held iu Philadelphia in 1800. 
 
 Clark, Fihrar<l. — He was born in Philadelphia, 
 October 20, 1822 ; educated at the grammar scluwls 
 of that city, and in architecture by his father, Thotnas 
 Clark, the well-known classical scholar and author ; 
 also studied the art with Thomas W. Walter ; re- 
 moved to Washington. 1851, and became an Assistant 
 Architect on the National Capitol, and Sujierintendent 
 in building the extensions of the Post Otlice Depart- 
 ment, and the Patent Office ; and ou the resignation 
 of Mr. Walter, he was appointed Architect of the 
 Capitol, which position he still continues to occupy. 
 
 Clark. Ezra. •Jr.—'Re was born in Vermont, 
 and having removed to Connecticut, was elected a 
 Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Elections, 
 
 Clark, Franklin. — He was born in Maine: a 
 merchant by occupation : and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Before 
 entering Congress he served in the State Legislature, 
 and was a member of the Executive Council in 1855. 
 
 Clark, Henry .*>. — Bom in Beaufort County, 
 North Carolina. He studied law ; went into the State 
 Legislature in 1834 ; was Solicitor for the State iit 
 1842 : and a Represeutati*-e in Congress from North 
 Carolina from 1845 to 1847. He was at one time act- 
 ing t^overnor of the State, and died at Tarborough, 
 North Carolina, April 14, 1874. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 81 
 
 Clark, IToruce F. — He was bom in Southbuiy, 
 New Haven County, Connecticut; graduated at Wil- 
 liams College, Massachusetts ; adopted tlie law as a 
 profession ; aud was elected a member of the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member 
 of t)ie Cfmimittee on the Judiciary. He was also re- 
 elected to the Tliirty-hixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. In 18G8 
 the degree of LL.D. was conferred ujion him by 
 Williams College. Died in New York, June 19, 187a. 
 
 Clark, •lames. — Was bom in 1779, in Bedford 
 County, Virginia, near the celebrated Peaks of Otter ; 
 removed with his father to Clark County, Kentucky ; 
 received the principal part of his education from a 
 private tutor ; studied law in Virginia ; and returned to 
 Kentucky to practice in Winchester, in 1797 ; was 
 several times a member of the State Legislature ; in 
 1810 was appointed Judge of the Court of Apf)eals ; 
 ■was a Hepresentative in Congress from Kentucky 
 from 1813 to 1810 ; from 1817 to 1824 was Judge of 
 the Circuit Court ; and again a member of ('ongress 
 from 1825 to 18;J1 ; in 18;J2 was State Senator and 
 chosen Speaker ; was elected Governor in 1830 ; and 
 died September 27, 1839. 
 
 Clark, James W, — Bom in Bertie County, 
 North Carolina ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1796 ; was for several years in the House of Com- 
 mons ; a Presidential Elector in 1812 ; three years a 
 member of the State Senate ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1817. 
 He was in 1828 appointed Chief Clerk of the Navy 
 Department, and died in January, 1844, in the sixty- 
 fifth year of his age. 
 
 Clark, .John B, — Born in Madison County, Ken- 
 tucky, April 17, 1802. A lawyer by profession ; 
 removed to Missouri, and was appointed Clerk of 
 Howard County Court in 1824, serving till 1834. In 
 1832 commaiidi'd a regiment of mounted Militia dur- 
 ing the Hliuk Hawk War, aud made Miijor-Oeneral 
 of Militia ill 184m ; elected to the Legi.slature during 
 the session of 1850 and 1851 ; was cho.sen by the State 
 as commanding officer to expel the Monnons from 
 Missouri; and was a member of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-sixtli Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Territories ; re-elected to tlie 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, but took part in the Rebel- 
 lion of 18G1 as a Colonel, ha\-ing been expelled from 
 the House in July, 1801. 
 
 Clark, John H. Jr. — He was bom in Fayette, 
 Missouri, January 14, 1831 ; attended the common 
 schools; entered the Missouri University and remained 
 tliere two years ; studied law, and graduated in the 
 Law Dejjartment of Harvard University ; practiced 
 law from 1855 until the commencement of the war, 
 when he entered the Confederate Army as a Lieu- 
 tenant, and promoted successively to be Captain, 
 Major, Colonel, and Brigadier-General ; after the war 
 followed various pursuits ; was a State and County 
 Collector, and elected to the Forty-third and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses, serving in the former on the Com- 
 mittee on Public Expenditures. In December, 1875, 
 he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Post 
 Offices and Post Roads. 
 
 Clark, Lincoln. — He was bom in Massachusetts; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was a Judge for sev- 
 eral years in Alabama, and on removing to Iowa, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Clark, Lot. — He was bom in New York ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1825, when 
 he was appointed Postmaster at Norwich, New York; 
 
 and was a member of the New York Assembly in 
 1846. 
 
 Clark, M. S. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Peimsylvania, during the years 1820 and 
 1821. 
 
 Clark, lioberf. — He was bom in Washington 
 County, New Y'ork, and was of Scotch descent ; waij 
 a member of the Assembly of that State from 1812 
 to 1815 ; a Rejiresentative in Congress from New 
 York from 181!) to 1821 ; and a D(!legate to the State 
 Constitutional Convention held in the latter year. He 
 subsetjuently adopted the medical profession, and 
 settled in Monroe, Michigan Territory, and was ap- 
 pointed by President Monroe Register of the Land 
 Office for the Second Land District of said Terri- 
 tory. 
 
 Clark, HantiieJ, — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1833 to 1835 ; on removing to Michigan, 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1853 to 1855. Died at Kalamazoo, October 
 2, 1870. 
 
 Clark, William. — He was for some time prior 
 to 1828 State Treasurer of Pennsylvania. In 1828 he 
 was appointed Treasurer of the United States, and 
 held the office for one year. From 1833 to 1837 he 
 was a member of the House of Representatives in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania. He died in Dauphin 
 County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1841. 
 
 Clark, If'illiatn. — He was appointed in 1800 by 
 President Adams Chief Justice of the Territory of 
 Indiana, and was sulisequently commissioned as the 
 second Governor of the Territory of Missouri, ex- 
 erting an important influence over his fellow-country- 
 men west of the Mississippi. 
 
 Clark, William T. — He was bora in Norwalk, 
 Connecticut, June 29, 1834 ; educated in Connecticut 
 and New York city ; taught school ; read law in the 
 city of New Y'ork ; removed to Iowa in 1855, and 
 practiced law there until the commencement of the 
 war ; served in the Union Army in all grades up to 
 Brevet Major General, and commanded a Division in 
 Texas until mustered out in 1806, when he went into 
 business at Galveston ; took an active part in recon- 
 struction, and was elected to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on several Committees. 
 
 Clarke, Archibald S. — He was a member of 
 the New Y'ork Senate for four years, beginning with 
 1813, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Y'ork from 1816 to 1817. He held the several 
 positions of Clerk, Surrogate, and Judge of Saratoga 
 County. Died at Clarence, New Y'ork, December 4, 
 1821, aged forty-three years. 
 
 Clarke, liayard. — Bom in New York city, 
 March 17, 1815 ; educated at Geneva College, and 
 studied law. In 1836 he was Attache and Secretary 
 to General Cass's Embassy to France, and continued' 
 in that position four years. He then took a course of 
 study at the Royal School of Cavalry, in France, and 
 afterwards served in the Second Regiment of Dra- 
 goons through the Florida War. He resigned in 
 1843, and settled at Westchester, New Y'ork, which 
 District he represented in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Clarke, Jieverly L. — Was bom in Virginia ; 
 removed to Kentucky, and was a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1841 and 1842 ; was a member 
 of the State Constitutional Convention in 1849 ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 
 
S2 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1847 to 1849 ; and in 1858 was appointed by President 
 Buchanan Minister to Guatemala and Honduras, and 
 died there, March 7, 1860. 
 
 Clarke, Charles E. — He was bom in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1851. In 1839 and 1840 he 
 was a member of the New York Assembly from Jef- 
 ferson County. Died December 29, 1863, aged 
 seventy-four }-ears. 
 
 Clarke, Daniel. — He was a Delegate to Con- 
 gress from the Territory of Orleans, or Louisiana, 
 from 1806 to 1809. 
 
 Clarke, Freeman. — Was bom in Troy, New 
 York, March 33, 1809 ; commenced active life as a 
 merchant ; in 1837 was elected Cashier of the Bank 
 of Orleans at Albion ; in 1845 removed to Rochester, 
 and was President of the Rochester Bank, and Treas- 
 urer of the Monroe County Savings Bank, and. sub- 
 sequently. President of the Monroe County Bank. 
 He also held the offices of Treasurer and Director of 
 the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls Railroad 
 Company, President and Treasurer of the Rochester 
 and Genesee Valley Railroad Company, and was a 
 Director of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad Company ; 
 Treasurer and a Director of the House Telegraph 
 Company, and a Director of the Western Union Tele- 
 graph Company ; was one of the first Directors of 
 the Fourth National Bank in New York city, and 
 also a Trustee and subsequently Vice-President of 
 the Union Trust Company, New York. He was 
 Vice-President of the Whig State Convention in 18.50, 
 and he acted as President ; in 1853 was a Delegate to 
 the Whig National Convention ; was Vice-President 
 of the first Republican Convention in New York 
 State, in 1854 : in 1856 was a Presidential Elector ; 
 in 1863 was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Manufactures and Invalid Pensions ; was 
 appointed, in 1865, Comptroller of the Currency, by 
 President Lincoln ; in 1867 was elected to the New 
 York State Constitutional Convention ; in 1870 elected 
 a Representative from New York to the Forty-second 
 Congress, in which he served on the Committee on 
 Appropriations ; in 1873 he was re-elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Clarke, >Tanies, — Bora in Westmoreland 
 County, Pennsylvania ; in 1836 removed to St. Louis ; 
 thence to Beloit, Wisconsin, where he was Territorial 
 Printer ; and in 1837 went to Burlington, Ohio, and 
 conducted the Territorinl, now State Omette, until the 
 winter of 1839, when he was appointed Secretary of 
 the Territory ; from 1843 to 1845 resumed the Gazette ; 
 was Governor of the Territory in 1846, and again 
 edited the Gazette from 1848 till his death, which oc- 
 curred near Burlington, Iowa, July 28, 1850. 
 
 Clarke, John. — Born in 1766 ; at the age of six- 
 teen was appointed Lieutenant, and then Captain of 
 Militia. He fought under his father. General Elijah 
 Clarke, in the Revolutionary Army ; at the siege of 
 Augusta and at the battle of Jack's Creek, in 1787 ; 
 greatly distinguished himself, and attained the rank 
 of Major-General of the State Militia. At a critical 
 period in the War of 1813, he was appointed by the 
 Governor to command the forces destined to defend 
 the sea-coast of Georgia. He was Governor of 
 Georgia from 1819 to 1833. Died in West Florida, 
 October 15, 1833. 
 
 Clarke, John. — Governor of Delaware in 1816 
 and 1817. Died at Smyrna, Delaware, August, 1831. 
 
 ■ Clarke, John B. — Bora in Bracken County, 
 
 Kentucky, April 14, 1833 ; he was educated at Au- 
 gusta, in that State ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1854, and has since engaged in the practice 
 of his profession ; was elected Ccunty Attorney in 
 1858, and served four years ; was elected to the State 
 Senate of Kentucky in 1867, and served four years ; 
 and elected a Representative from Kentucky to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Clarke, John C. — He was born in Connecticut ; 
 graduated at Williams College in 1811 ; served in the 
 Assembly of New York in 1836 ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839, 
 and again from 1837 to 1843. In 1849 he was ap- 
 pointed First Auditor of the Treasury, but only held 
 the place a short time. Died in 1853, aged fifty-nine 
 years. 
 
 Clarke, John II.— 'Re was bom in Elizabeth- 
 town, New Jersey, in 1791 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
 versity in 1809 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 served in the State Legislature ; and was a Senator 
 in Congress from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853. 
 
 Clarke, Matthew St, Clair. — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania ; removed to Washington City at an early 
 day ; was Clerk of the House of Representatives 
 from 1823 to 1833 ; re-elected to the same position in 
 1841, and held the office two years ; in 1843 he was 
 appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, and held 
 that office two years ; and he was the publisher of 
 that great work called the "American Archives," 
 edited by Peter Force, who was also directly interested 
 in its publication. He was quite famous as a poli- 
 tician, and died in Washington. 
 
 Clarke, Header Wriqht. — He was born in 
 Bethel, Clemiont County, Ohio, May 18, 1813. He 
 obtained a good English education, and when fifteen 
 years of age learned the trade of a printer, with which 
 he has since been connected. He studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1836. In 1840 and 1841 he was 
 elected to the Ohio Legislature ; was a Delegate, in 
 1844, to the Baltimore Convention ; and was a Presi- 
 dential Elector at the ensuing election ; in 1846 he 
 was appointed Clerk of the Supreme and Common 
 Pleas Courts of Clermont County, which he held for 
 six years; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Conven- 
 tion " of 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions 
 and on Printing. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and 
 was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on the Post Office and Expenditures ■ 
 in the State Department. In April, 1869, he was ap- 
 pointed Third Auditor of the Treasury, and after- 
 wards a Collector of Internal Revenue in Ohio. Died 
 May 33, 1872. 
 
 Clarke, Sidney. — Born in Southbridge, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 16, 1831 ; received a common-school 
 education ; adopted the profession of an editor, and 
 published the Southhriilge Press. In 1858 he emi- 
 grated to Kansas, and settled in Lawrence ; was a 
 member, in 1863, of the State Legislature ; subse- 
 <|uently rendered military service against the Rebel- 
 lion as a Captain of Volunteers, and Assistant Provost- 
 Marshal-General for Kansas. Nebraska, Colorado, and 
 Dakota, serving in the latter capacity until 1864, when 
 he was elected a Representative from Kansas to the 
 Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, and on the Death 
 of President Lmcoln, and also on the National Com- 
 mittee appointed to accompany the remains of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln to Illinois. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; 
 and was re-elected to' the Fortieth and Forty-first 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 83 
 
 Congresses, and made Cliairman of Indian Af- 
 airB. 
 
 Clavke, Staley K. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Clarke, WiUinm. — Born in Virginia, August 1, 
 1770 ; removed in 1784 to where Louisville, Kentucky, 
 now stands, wliere liis brother had built a fort. He 
 served in campaigns against the Indians; was Adju- 
 tant and Quartermaster in 179.3 ; resigned in 179G : ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant of Artillery in 1803, and joined 
 with Meriwether Lewis in the Northwestern Ex- 
 ploring Expedition, which left St. Louis, March, 1804; 
 returned in the fall of 180G, and kept the journal of 
 the expedition, afterwards pul)lished. He was then 
 appointed Indian Agent, and afterwards Brigadier- 
 General of Upper Louisiana. In 1822 was aiipointed 
 Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and made treaties 
 with many tribes. Four of his brothers were dis- 
 tinguished in the Revolution, one fell in the struggle, 
 and another was killed by the Indians on the Wabash. 
 He was Governor of Louisiana Territorv from 1813 to 
 1820. Died in St. Louis, September l,"l838. 
 
 Clarkson, Maffheiv. — He was a Delegate to 
 
 the Continental Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1785 to 178G. 
 
 Ctawson, Isaiall D.^Re was born in Woods- 
 town, New jersey, March 30, 1823 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1840 ; studied medicine in the 
 University of Pennsylvania, taking his degree in 
 1843 ; was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 
 1853 ; and was elected a Representative from that 
 State to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected 
 to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
 
 Clay, Brnfns <T, — He was born in Madison 
 County, Kentucky, July 1, 1808 ; was educated at 
 Danville College, Kentucky, and settled in Bourbon 
 County as a farmer in 1837. In 1840 he served in the 
 State Legislature ; was subsequently elected Presi- 
 dent of the Bourbon County Agricultural Society, 
 which position he still holds. In 1858 he was elected 
 President of the State Agricultural Society; was re- 
 elected for four years, and then declined a re-election; 
 was again elected to the Legislature in 18G0 : and was 
 elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thir- 
 ty-eighth Cougress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Agriculture, and as a member of that on 
 Revolutionary Pensions. Ever since his boyhood he 
 has been devoted to agriculture, and especially to the 
 raising of choice breeds of cattle. 
 
 Clay, Cassius 31. — Born in Madison County, 
 Kentucky, October 19, 1810 : graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1832 ; practiced law ; was a member of the 
 Kentucky Legislature in 1835, 1837, and 1840 ; and of 
 the National Whig Convention of 1840, at Harrisburg. 
 The improved jury system and the common-school 
 system of Kentucky are principally due to his efforts 
 in the Legislature. He was opposed to the annexa- 
 tion of Texas ; stumped the Northern States for Hen- 
 ry Clay for the Presidency in 1844 ; and June 3, 1845, 
 issued in Lexington TVtc True Atnenrnn, a weekly 
 anti slavery paper. In August his press was seized 
 by a mob, and it was afterwards printed in Cincin- 
 nati and published in Lexington, whither he had re- 
 moved in 1840 ; and afterwards in Louisville. He was 
 Captain in the Mexican War, and made prisoner at 
 Encarnacion, January 23, 1847. Aided in nominating 
 Taylor for the Presidency in 1848 ; in 1849 called a 
 convention of Emancipationists at Frankfort. Sep- 
 arated from the Whig party in 1850, and was an anti- 
 slavery candidate for Governor, receiving nearly five 
 thousand votes ; in April, 1862, was appointed Slajor- 
 
 General of Volunteers, and resigned March, 1868; 
 was appointed Minister to Russia from 1862 to 
 18G9. A volume of his speeches was edited by Horace 
 Greeley in 1848. 
 
 Clay, Clemenf C. — He was born in Halifax 
 County, Virginia, December 17, 1789 ; graduated at 
 the University of East Tennessee ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; and removed to 
 Huntsville, Alabama, in 1811, where he resided till 
 his death. During the Creek War he saw some ser- 
 vice as a soldier. He practiced his profession until 
 1817, when he was elected a member of the Territo- 
 rial Council of Alabama; in 1819 he was chosen one 
 of the Judges of the Circuit Court; in 1820 was cho- 
 sen Chief Justice of that Court, and resigned in 1823 : 
 in 1828 he was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 was made Speaker : he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Alabama from 1827 to 1835 ; in 1835 he 
 was elected Governor of Alabama, serving two years; 
 and in 1837 he was elected a Senator in Cougress for 
 the term ending in 1842. Died at Huntsville, Ala- 
 bama, September 9, 1866. His son, bearing the same 
 name, was also in Congress. 
 
 Clay, demerit C, <Tt'. — He was born in Mad- 
 ison, Alabama, about the year 1819 ; graduated at 
 the University of Alabama, and spent two years at 
 the University of Virginia ; studied law, and com- 
 menced the practice at Huntsville. Alabama, in 1840 ; 
 served in the Legislature of Alabama in 1842, 1844, 
 and 1845 ; and was elected by the Legislature, in 
 1846, Judge of the Madison County Court, serving 
 two years, when he resigned. lu 1852 he was a Pres- 
 idential Elector, and in 1853 he was elected a Senator 
 in Congress from Alabama, and in 1859 was re-elected 
 for the term of six years, receiving every vote in the 
 Legislature. Expelled from the Senate March 14, 
 1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year. He 
 was subsecjuently confined in Fortress Monroe as a 
 prisoner of state, but finally released by President 
 Johnson on his parole. 
 
 Clay, Henry. — Bom in Hanover County, Vir- 
 ginia, April 12, 1777. Having received a common- 
 school education, he became, at an early age, a copy- 
 ist in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Chancery, 
 at Richmond. At nineteen he commenced the study 
 of law, and shortly afterwards removed to Lexington, 
 Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar in 1799, 
 and soon obtained extensive X'ractice. He began his 
 political career by taking an active part in the elec- 
 tion of Delegates to frame a new Constitution for the 
 State of Kentucky. In 1803 he was elected to the 
 Legislature by the citizens of Fayette County, and in 
 180G he was appointed to the United States Senate 
 for the remainder of the term of General Adair, who 
 had resigned. In 1807 he was again elected a mem- 
 ber of the General Assembly of Kentucky, and was 
 chosen Speaker. In the following year occurred his 
 duel with Humphrey Marshall. In 1809 he was 
 again elected to the United States Senate for the un- 
 expired term of Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811 lie 
 was elected a member of the House of Representa- 
 tives, and was chosen Speaker on the first day of his 
 appearance in that body, and was five times re-elected 
 to this office. During this session his eloquence 
 aroused the country to resist the aggressions of Great 
 Britain, and awakened a national spirit. In 1814 he 
 was appointed one of the Commissioners to negotiate 
 a treaty of peace at Ghent. Returning from this 
 mission, he was re-elected to Congress, and in 1818 
 he spoke in favor of recognizing the independence of 
 the South American Republics. In the same year he 
 put forth his strength in behalf of a national system 
 of internal improvements. A monument of stone, 
 inscribed with his name, was erected on the Cumber- 
 land Road, to commemorate his services in behalf of 
 
84 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 that improvement. In the session of 1819-'30 he ex- 
 erted himself for the establishment of protection to 
 American industry, and this was followed by serrices 
 in adjusting the Missouri Compromise. After the 
 settlement of these questions he withdrew from Con- 
 gress, in order to attend to his private affairs. In 
 1823 he returned to Congress, and was re-elected 
 Speaker ; and at this session he exerted himself in 
 support of the independence of Greece. Under John 
 Quincy Adams he filled the office of Secretary of 
 State. The attack upon Mr. Adams' administration, 
 and especially upon the Secretary of State, by John 
 Kandolph, led to a hostile meeting between him and 
 Mr. Clay, which terminated without bloodshed. In 
 
 1829 he returned to Kentucky, and in 1831 was 
 elected to the United States Senate, where he com- 
 menced his labors in favor of the tariff. In the same 
 month of his reappearance in the Senate he was 
 unanimously nominated for President of the United 
 States. In 1836 he was re-elected to the Senate, 
 where he remained until 1842, when he resigned, and 
 took his final leave, as he supposed, of that body. 
 In 1839 he was again nominated for the Presidency, 
 but General Harrison was selected as the candidate. 
 He also received the nomination in 1844 for Presi- 
 dent, and was defeated in this election by Mr. Polk. 
 He remained in retirement in Kentucky until 1849, 
 when he was re-elected to the Senate of the United 
 States for the term ending in 1835. Here he devoted 
 all his energies to the measures known as the Com- 
 promise Acts. His efforts during this session im- 
 paired his strength, and he went for his health to 
 Havana and New Orleans, but with no permanent ad- 
 vantage. He returned to Washington, but was un- 
 able to participate in the active duties of the Senate, 
 and resigned his seat, to take effect upon the 6th of 
 September, 1852. He died in Wasliington City, June 
 29, 1852. He was interested in the success of the 
 Colonization Society, and was for a long time one of 
 its most efficient officers, and also its President. His 
 " Life and Letters," and also his " Speeches," were 
 published in several volumes by the late Calvin 
 Colton. 
 
 Clay, James B. — Born in Washington City, 
 November 9, 1817. He received his classical educa- 
 tion at Transylvania University, in Kentucky, and at 
 the age of fifteen went to Boston, where he spent two 
 years in a counting-house. From Boston he emi- 
 grated to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city of only 
 eight thousand, and settled upon a farm ; and when 
 twenty-one years of age, he returned to Kentucky. 
 After spending two years in the manufacturing busi- 
 ness, he graduated at the Law School of Lexington, 
 and practiced law as the partner of his father, the 
 Honorable Henry Clay, until 1849 ; and during that 
 year President Taylor appointed him Charge d' Affaires 
 to Lisbon ; and having returned home by order of the 
 Government, he was mentioned by name in President 
 Fillmore's Message of 1850. In 1831 he again took 
 up his residence in Missouri, but returned to Ken- 
 tucky in 1853, when he became the proprietor of 
 Ashland. He was elected to Congress in 1857, serv- 
 ing one term, and on the Committee on Foreign 
 Relations. He was also a member of the Peace Con- 
 vention of 1861, held in Washington. He was iden- 
 tified with the Rebellion of 1861, and died in Mon- 
 treal, January 26, 1864. 
 
 Clay, John Randolph. — He was born in Phil- 
 adelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1808 ; spent his youth 
 with his godfather, John Randolph, in Virginia ; in 
 
 1830 he went to Russia as Secretary of Legation ; 
 in 1836 he was appointed Cliarge d' Affaires to the same 
 country ; in 1838 he was made Secretary of Legation 
 to Austria; in 1845 went back to Russia in the same 
 capacity; in 1847 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires 
 to Peru ; and in 1853 raised to the rank of Minister 
 
 Plenipotentiary to the same country, remaining there 
 until 1860, when he returned to the United States. 
 He was the son of Joseph Clay. 
 
 Clay, Joseph. — He was a member of the Revo- 
 lutionary Committee of 1774 and 1775 ; was a Dele- 
 gate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 
 1778 to 1780, when he resigned ; was Judge of the 
 District Court of Georgia from 1796 to 1801 ; was 
 Paymaster-General of the Southern Department dur- 
 ing the Revolution. Died at Savannah, Georgia, 
 January, 1805. His son, bearing the same name, was 
 a prominent Judge and Baptist preacher. Another 
 son, John Randolph, was distinguished as a diplo- 
 matist. 
 
 Clay, Mattlietl', — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1813. Died in 
 1815. 
 
 Clay, Thomas H. — He was born in 1803, in 
 Kentucky, and son of Henry Clay ; in 1862 he was 
 appointed Mini.ster Resident to Nicaragua, where he 
 remained until 1866 ; during the same period he was 
 accredited as Minister to Honduras. Died in Lexing- 
 ton, Kentucky, March 18, 1871. 
 
 Clayton, Alexatlder M. — He was an early 
 emigrant to Arkansas when it was a Territory, and in 
 1835 he was appointed one of the United States 
 Judges for that district. 
 
 Clayton, Auytistin S. — Born in Fredericks- 
 burg, Virginia, November 27, 1783, and died at his 
 residence, in Athens, Georgia, June 21, 1839. He was 
 educated at the University of Georgia ; read law, and 
 practiced it with eminent success ; served in the State 
 Legislature ; was appointed Judge of the Superior 
 Court ; was a Presidential Elector in 1829 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1831 
 to 1835. He was for many years skeptical on the sub- 
 ject of the Christian religion, but at the time of his 
 death was a sincere believer, and a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. He acquired some dis- 
 tinction as a politician, and the political pamphlet 
 called " Crockett's Life of Van Buren," is said to have 
 been the production of his pen. 
 
 Clayton, Charles. — He was born in England in 
 1825 ; was well educated ; went to Wisconsin in 1842; 
 crossed the Rocky Mountains to Oregon in 1847 ; ar- 
 rived in San Francisco in 1848 ; was Alcalde in Santa 
 Clara in 1849 ; built the tlonr mills there in 1853; re- 
 moved to San Francisco in 1853, and engaged in the 
 grain and flour business ; was a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1866; a member 
 of the Board of Supervisors of San Francisco from 
 1864 to 1869 ; was a])pointed m 1870 Surveyor of 
 Customs of the port and district of San Francisco ; 
 and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Commerce and the Centennial 
 Celebration. 
 
 Clayton, John Jtf.— Born in Sussex County, 
 Delaware, July 24, 1790 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1815 ; was bred to the bar, having studied law in 
 the office of John Clayton, and for a time in the Law 
 School at Litchfield, Connecticut. He commenced 
 practice in 1818, and soon attained eminence in his 
 profession. He was in 1824 elected to tlie State 
 Legislature, and subsequently Secretary of State of 
 Delaware ; and in 1829 was chosen a Senator in Con- 
 gress. He was re-elected in 1835, and resigned in 
 December, 1836. In January, 1837, was appointed 
 Chief Justice of Delaware, which office he resigned in 
 1839. He was again elected to the Federal Senate in 
 1845, and was a Senator until 1849, when he became 
 Secretary of State under President Taylor, which 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 85 
 
 jioi^ition he occupied until the death of Taylor, in 
 July, 1850. Duviua: this period he negotiated the 
 famous Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. He was for the 
 third time elected to the Senate, and took his seat 
 March, 18-51, and died a Senator, November 9, 185G. 
 During his last term in the Senate, he vindicated, 
 with marked ability, the principles of the treaty 
 which he inaugurated. At the bar he was a learned 
 lawyer and an eloquent advocate ; and during his 
 whole public career acquitted himself uprightly, 
 with dignity and recognized ability. 
 
 Clayton, >Toshn(t. — He wa.=i a native of Dela- 
 ware ; practiced medicine for many years, and dur- 
 ing the scarcity of Peruvian bark in the Revolution- 
 ary War, he successfully substituted for it in his 
 practice a mixture of poplar and the root of the dog- 
 wood, in nearly equal parts, and half the quantity of 
 the interior of the white oak. He was President of 
 Delaware from 1789 to 1793, and Governor from 1793 
 to 1796 ; and chosen Senator of the United States in 
 1798 ; but died in Delaware, August, 1798. 
 
 Clayton, Philip. — He was born in Georgia, and 
 received a liberal education ; came to Washington in 
 1849, under the patronage of Howell Cobli, and was 
 made Second Auditor of the Treasury Department, 
 where he remained until 1857, when he received the 
 appointment of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, 
 remaining in that office until 1801, when he retired to 
 take part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Clayton, Powell. — Born in Delaware County, 
 Pennsylvania, August 7, 1833 ; received his educa- 
 tion at Partridge's Military Academy, Bristol, Penn- 
 sylvania ; studied civil engineering at Wilmington, 
 Delaware, and followed it as a profession ; entered 
 the Union Army in Kansas, May 29, 1861, as Captain 
 of the First Kansas Infantry ; appointed Lieutenant- 
 Colonel of Cavalry in 1863 ; was appointed Colonel of 
 the same in 1862, and commissioned Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral in 186-1; settled in Arkansas at the close of the 
 war as a planter ; and elected Governor in 1868 ; and 
 elected to the United States Senate in 1871 for the 
 terra ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on 
 Territories, Ei'.grossed Bills, Levees, Political Dis- 
 abilities, and Military Affairs. 
 
 Clayton, Thomas, — 'He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Delaware from 1813 to 1817, and 
 United States Senator from 1823 to 1826, and again 
 from 1837 to 1847. He had been at different periods 
 a member of the Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice 
 of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Superior 
 Court. He died in New Castle, Delaware, August 21, 
 1854, aged seventy-six years. 
 
 Cleaveland, J, Jp, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Georgia from 1 36 to 1839 ; but sub- 
 sequently removed to Charleston, where he became 
 a merchant, and died May 19, 1841. 
 
 Clemens, Jeremiah. — He was born in Hunts- 
 ville, Alabama, December 28, 1814, and was educated 
 at La Grange College and the University of Alabama. 
 He studied law at the University of Transylvania, in 
 Kentucky, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. In 
 1838 he was appointed United States Attorney for 
 the Northern District of Alabama ; in 1839, 1840, and 
 1841, he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 
 1843 raised a company of Volunteer troops and went 
 to Texas, having been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 and subsequently to the same office in the Regular 
 army ; in 1843 and 1844 he was again elected to the 
 Legislature ; in 1844 served as aPresidential Elector; 
 in 1848 was appointed Governor of the Civil and 
 Military Department of Purchase in Mexico, which 
 position he held until the close of the war ; and he 
 
 was a Senator in Congress from Alabama from 1849 
 to 1853. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856. 
 As an author Mr. Clemens has published two novels, 
 entitled "Bernard Lile " and " Mustang Gray," the 
 first in 18.53 and the last in 1857. He was subse- 
 quently an editor. Died in Huntsville, May 21, 1865. 
 
 Clemens, Sherrard. — Born at Wheeling. Vir- 
 ginia, April 28, 1826 ; graduated at Washington Col- 
 lege. Pennsylvania ; a lawyer by profession ; and 
 during political campaigns has held several confiden- 
 tial positions in his native State ; and was elected a 
 member of Congress from December, 1852, to March, 
 1853, and elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolu- 
 ticmary Pensions. In 1856 he was chosen a Presiden- 
 tial Elector. In 1S59 he was wounded in a duel 
 fought with Mr. Wise, and was prevented from at- 
 tending the second session of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Took 
 part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Clements, Andretr J. — Born in Jackson 
 County, Tennessee, in 1833 ; received a common- 
 school education ; studied medicine, and graduated at 
 the University of Tennessee in 1858, after which he 
 practiced his profession ; and in 1861 was elected a 
 Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress. In 1S66 he was elected to the Legislature 
 of Tennessee. 
 
 Clements, Isaac, — He was bom in Franklin 
 County, Indiana, in 1837 ; graduated at the Green- 
 castle College in 1859, paying his own way by teach- 
 ing ; studied law ; removed to Illinois, and taught 
 school ; entered the Union Army as Second Lieutenant 
 of Infantry in 1861, and remained in the service three 
 years, dtu-ing which he was wounded three times and 
 was twice promoted ' ' for meritorious services ; " was 
 appointed Register in Bankruptcy in June, 1867 ; and 
 was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Clemson, Thomas G, — He was a citizen of 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1844 he was appointed Minister 
 Resident to Belgium, which position he retained until 
 1851. 
 
 Clendenen, David. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ohio from 1814 to 1815, in place of 
 R. Beall, resigned ; and again from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Cleveland, Chaiincey F, — Bom in Hampton, 
 Connecticut, in 1799 ; was educated in the common 
 schools of that vicinity ; studied law, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1819 ; he was in the Connecticut 
 Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1832, 1835, 
 1836, 1838, 1847, and 18-18, and twice elected Speaker. 
 He was appointed Attorney for the State in 1832 ; 
 was Governor of Connecticut in 1843 and 1843 ; and 
 he received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 
 1853 ; a member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; and 
 Presidential Elector in 1860. 
 
 Cleveland, Orestes, — Born in Duanesburg, 
 Schenectady County, New York, March 2, 1829 ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; settled in New 
 York city as a merchant, and subsequently as a 
 manufacturer, in Jersey City ; was in the city Coun- 
 cils in 1861 and 1863 ; President of the Aldermen 
 one year ; was Mayor of the city in 1864, 1865, and 
 1866 ; rendered the Union cause some financial help 
 in 1864, on his individual guarantee ; and was elected 
 a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories 
 and Manufactures. 
 
8(5 
 
 ;IOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Clcvei', CluirlcH P. — He was born in Cologne, 
 Province of Prussia, Germany, February 23, 1830; 
 was educated at the Gymnasium of Cologne and 
 University of Bonn ; adopted the profession of law, 
 and having removed to New Mexico practiced it there 
 with success ; filled the offices in that Territory of 
 United States Marshal, Attorney-General, Adjutant- 
 General, as well as several others, and was elected 
 a Delegate from New Mexico to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress. In 1868 he published a small work on the 
 Kesources of New Mexico. His seat was successfully 
 contested by J. F. Chavez, who was admitted during 
 the last month of the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Clifford, tToliu Henvij, — Born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, .January 16, 1809 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 18"37 ; was a lawyer in New Bedford ; 
 member of the Legislature in 1835 ; Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of Massachusetts from 1849 to 18.53, and from 
 1854 to 1858 ; President of the State Senate in 18G3 ; 
 Governor of the State in 1853 and 1854. Died at 
 New Bedford, Massachusetts, January 3, 1876. 
 
 Cliff'ord, Nuthdil, — He was born in Rumney, 
 Grafton County, New Hampshire, August 18, 1803. 
 He fitted for college at the Haverhill Academy, and 
 completed his education at the Hampton Literary In- 
 stitution. He studied law, and, after being admitted 
 to the bar, removed to Maine in 1837. He was elected 
 to the Legislature, from York County, in 1830, and 
 re-elected for three years, during the last two occu- 
 pying the post of Speaker. In 1834 he was appointed 
 Attorney-General for the State of Maine, which office 
 he held four years ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1839 to 1843. In 1848 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Polk Attornej'-General of the 
 United States, which office he held until March, 
 1847, when he was appointed Commissioner to Mexi- 
 co. When peace was declared between this country 
 and Mexico he was appointed Minister to that Repub- 
 lic. On his return to the United States he settled in 
 Portland, devoting himself to his profession ; and in 
 1858 was appointed by President Buchanan an As- 
 sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. 
 
 cuff, fJoftej^Jt IV. — Born in Marshfield, Slassa- 
 chusetts, September 1, 1836 ; was educated at Phil- 
 lips' Academy at Andover, where he partially lost his 
 sight ; was engaged in the business of building from 
 1854 to 1857 ; removed to Georgia in 1857 ; studied 
 medicine at Atlanta, but graduated at the Harvard 
 Medical School in 1862 ; served in the army as a sur- 
 geon, and saw much service ; in 1865, he settled at 
 Savannah, and practiced his profe.ssion ; in 1867, was 
 appointed Registrar of that city ; was elected in 1868 
 a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions. 
 
 CHnch, Duncan £. — Was a General in the 
 United States Army, and from 1843 to 1845 a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Georgia. He was a brave 
 soldier and noble-hearted man. Died at Macon, 
 Georgia, October 28, 1849. 
 
 Clingnn, William. — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1777 
 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confeder- 
 ation. 
 
 Clingman, Thomas L. — Born in Huntsville, 
 Surry County, North Carolina ; graduated at Chapel 
 Hill University ; studied law, but just as he was 
 about to enter upon the practice he was elected to 
 the House of Commons of the State. On his retire- 
 ment from the Legislature, in 1836, he removed to 
 Ashville, in Buncombe County. He was soon after 
 
 elected to a seat in the State Senate of North Caro- 
 lina. In 1843 he was elected to Congress, and, with 
 the exception of one term, was a member of the 
 House of Representatives until the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress, when he was appointed Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Affairs. On the resignation of A. 
 Biggs, he was appointed a Senator in Congress, and 
 in November, 1858, his appointment was confirmed 
 by the Legislature. He made contributions to the 
 sciences of geology and mineralogy, and brought to 
 light many facts connected with the mountains of 
 North Carolina, one of the highest peaks of which it 
 was his fortune to explore and measure, and which 
 now bears his name. He took part in the Rebellion 
 of 1861 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the 
 Senate in July, 1861, to which he had been re-elected 
 for the term commencing in March, 1861. Was a 
 Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Clinton, De Wift. — Born at Little Britain, in 
 Orange County, New York, March 3, 1769. He grad- 
 uated at Columbia College, with the highest honors, 
 in 1786. He studied law, but never engaged much in 
 its practice. He was elected to the Senate of New 
 York in 1799. In July, 1803, he fought a duel wi-th 
 Mr. Swartwout, arising from political controversy 
 concerning Mr. Burr. He was a Senator of the United 
 States from 1802 to 1803, and was chosen Mayor of 
 New York in 1803, holding this office until 1813, ex- 
 cepting tlie years 1807 and 1810. While he was Mayor, 
 he was also for several years a State Senator, and 
 the Lieutenant-Governor. Under his auspices, also, 
 the Historical Society of New Y'ork, of which he was 
 at one time President, and the Academy of Fine Arts 
 were incorporated, the New Y'ork City Hall was 
 founded, the Orphan Asylum established, and the 
 city fortified. He took a great interest, as early as 
 1817, in, and did more than any other man in behalf 
 of, the Erie Canal, and that great work was finished 
 during his administration as Governor, in 1825. In 
 1813 he consented to become the candidate of the 
 Peace party for the Presidency of the United States. 
 In 1833 and 1824 he was President of the Board of 
 Canal Commissioners, and during the latter year was 
 elected Governor of the State, and in 1836 was re- 
 elected to the i^ame office ; he afterwards declined the 
 embas.sy to England, offered to him by President, 
 Adams. He died at Albany, February 11, 1838. 
 
 Clinton, George. — Born in Ulster County, New 
 Y'ork, July 36, 1739, and died at Washington City, 
 April 20, 1812. He commenced life by sailing in a 
 privateer ; served as a Lieutenant in the expedition 
 against Fort Frontenac ; he afterwards studied law ; 
 was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and also of 
 the Provincial Congress in 1775 ; he was appointed a 
 Brigadier-General in 1777 ; was Governor of New 
 York for eighteen years; from 1795 to 1800 he lived 
 in retirement ; wa.s again chosen Governor in 1804 ; 
 and, having been elected Vice-President of the United 
 States during the last year, he retained the office un- 
 til his death, consequently officiating as President of 
 the Senate a period of eight years. 
 
 Clinton, George, Jr. — He was born in New 
 York ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 
 1801 and 1802 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1804 to 1809. 
 
 Clinton, James G.— He was born inNew York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 Y'ork from 1841 to 1845. 
 
 Clinton, Thomas.— &e was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1831, and for a second term from 
 1833 to 1835. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALl 
 
 8? 
 
 CloptOH, David. — Born in Georgia in 1830, and 
 elected a Representative from Alabama to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Public Expenditures. Resigned in Feb- 
 ruary, 1861, to take part in the Rebellion of that year. 
 
 (Jlopto)l, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, from 1795 to 1799, and 
 again from 1801 to 1810. Died September 11, 1816. 
 
 Clowney, Wiffiam K. — He was born in South 
 Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 
 1848 ; adopte4'Hhe profession of law ; was Commis- 
 sioner in Eqtiity of South Carolina ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 18^3 
 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Cfi/iner, George, — He was bom in Philadelphia 
 i:i 1739, and was a patriot of the Revolution. He 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits, and early espoused 
 the cause of his country. In 1773 he resolutely op- 
 posed the sale of tea sent out by the British Govern- 
 ment, and not a pound was sold in Philadelphia. In 
 1775 he was one of the first Continental Treasurers. 
 In 1776 he was a member of Congress, and signed the 
 Declaration of Independence. In 1774 his furniture 
 was destroyed by the enemy. In 1780 he co-operated 
 with Robert Morris in the establishment of a bank 
 for the relief of the country. He was a member of 
 the old Congress in 1780, and a Representative, under 
 the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791, from Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was also a member of the Convention 
 which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed 
 that instrument. In 1791 he was placed at the head 
 of the Excise Department in Pennsylvania. In 1796 
 he was sent to Georgia to negotiate a treaty with the 
 Creek and Cherokee Indians. He was afterwards 
 President of the Philadelphia Bank and of the Acad- 
 emy of Pine Arts. He died at MorrisviUe, Bucks 
 County, January 33, 1813. 
 
 C'lf/Dier, Hiester. — He was born in Berks Coun- 
 ty, November 3, 1827 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege, New Jersey, in 1847 ; studied law, and admitted 
 to the bar in 1849 ; pursued his profession in that 
 county until 1851, when he removed to Pottsville, 
 and there practiced until 1856, when he settled in 
 Reading. In 1860 he represented Berks County in 
 the Board of Revenue Commissioners of the State, 
 and in the same year attended the National Dem- 
 ocratic Convention in Charleston and Baltimore ; 
 was a member of the State Senate of Pennsylvania 
 from October, 1860, until he resigned, when nomi- 
 nated, in 1866, a candidate for Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania ; in 1868 he again represented liis district in 
 the Democratic Convention which met at New York ; 
 in 1870 he was appointed a member of the State 
 Board of Public Charities ; and he was elected to 
 the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Public Lands. In Decem- 
 ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit- 
 tees on Library and on Expenditures in War Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Cohb, ^wjffSrt.— Bom in Crawford County, Illi- 
 nois, September 37, 1823 ; received a common-school 
 education ; emigrated to Wisconsin Territory in 
 1843 ; spent five years in the lead-mining business, 
 and served in the Mexican War as a private soldier, 
 during which time he occasionally read law, and at 
 the end of the war he began to practice the legal pro- 
 fession. In 1850 he was elected a District Attomey, 
 and served four years ; in 1854 was elected to the 
 State Senate, and served two years ; in 1855 he was 
 appointed Adjutant-General of the State, and again 
 in 1857 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 
 1860 ; re-elected in 1861, and chosen Speaker ; in 
 
 1861 and 1863 he served in the Volunteer service as 
 Colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment, and was 
 
 elected a Representative from W'isconsin to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congrc^s, and was a member of the 
 Committee on the Militia, and Chairman of the Joint 
 Committee on Enrolled Bills. During the recess of 
 Congress he was again commissioned a Colonel, and 
 raised the Forty-third Regiment of Wisconsin Volun- 
 teers, which he commanded until July, 1865, when 
 he was mustered out. He was brevetted for gallant 
 services at Williamsburg, Golden's Farm, and Antie- 
 tam. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Enrolled Bills, District of 
 C'olumbia, and Mines and Mining. Re-elected to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the 
 Committees on Claims, Public Buildings and Grounds, 
 and Military Affairs. 
 
 Cobb, Clinton L.—Be was bom in Elizabeth 
 City, North Carolina, August 25, 1842 ; attended 
 school, and then went into a counting-room ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867 ; was a can- 
 didate for Congress in 1868, but withdrew in favor of 
 J. R. French ; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty- 
 second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the 
 Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, War Claims, 
 and Chairman of Freedmeu's' Affairs. 
 
 Cobb, TMii-id,—Be was bom in Attleborough, 
 Massachusetts, September 14, 1748 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1776, and adopted the medi- 
 cal profession ; served in the Revolution in 1777, as 
 Lieutenant-Colonel ; served as an Aid to General 
 Washington in the cajiacity of Colonel ; was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; after 
 the war, was made Judge of a County Court ; was 
 elected to the Legislature, and served as Speaker from 
 1789 to 1793 ; was a Rejire-sentative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1793 to 1795 ; was President of 
 the State Senate from 1801 to 1805 ; Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor of the State in 1809 ; a State Councilor in 
 1808, and from 1813 to 1818 ; and was subsequently 
 appointed Major-General of the State Militia. Died 
 April 17, 1830. 
 
 Cobb, George T, — He was bom in New Jersey, 
 and elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Cobb, Howel/,— The uncle of Secretary Cobb, 
 and for whom he was named, was born in Granville, 
 North Carolina, and was a Representative in C«n- 
 gress from Georgia from 1807 to 1812. During the 
 last war with England he served with credit as 
 a Captain in the army, and after peace was declared 
 he settled upon a plantation, and devoted his whole 
 attention to agriculture. He died about the vear 
 1820. ' 
 
 Cobb, IloiveU. — He was bom at Cherry Hill, in 
 
 Jefferson County, Georgia, September 7, 1815. When 
 a child, his father removed to Athens, Georgia, where 
 he subsequently resided. He graduated at Franklin 
 College in 1834 ; he studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1336 ; was a Presidential Elector in that 
 year ; in 1837 he received the appointment of Solici- 
 tor-General of the Western Circuit, which he held 
 four years ; and he was elected a Representative in 
 Congress in 1843, having been re-elected in 1844, 
 1846, and 1848. and during his latter term he was 
 elected Speaker. On his retirement from Congress, he 
 was chosen Governor of Georgia ; in 1855 he was 
 again elected to Congress ; and on the accession of 
 Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, Governor Cobb went 
 into his cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. He 
 took a prominent part in the" Rebellion of 1861, and 
 was a member of the so-called Confederate Congress, 
 and a Brigadier-General. Died in New York city, 
 October 9. 1868. 
 
88 
 
 :I0GRAPHICAL AXNALS. 
 
 * Cobb, Stephen Alonso, — He was bom in Madi- 
 son, Maine, June 17, 1833 ; received a common-scliool 
 education ; moved to Minnesota in 1850 ; worked in 
 the lumbering business for four years, wliile prepar- 
 ing for college ; entered Beloit College in 1854, but 
 graduated at Brown University in 1853 ; settled in 
 Wj'andotte, Kansas, in 1859, and commenced the 
 practice of the law ; entered the army in 1862, served 
 through the war, rising to the rank of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel ; was Mayor of Wyandotte in 1863 and 1868 ; 
 a member of the State Senate in 1863, 1869, and 1870 ; 
 Speaker of the House in 1872, and elected to the For- 
 ty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Post 
 Roads and the State Department. 
 
 Cobb, Thomas W. — He was born in Columbia 
 County, Georgia, in 1784, and attained a high position 
 as a lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1817 to 1831, and again from 1833 
 to 1834 ; and he was a Senator in Congress from 1834 
 to 1838. He was subsequently chosen a Judge of the 
 Superior Court, and died in Greensborough, February 
 1, 1830. He was the author of many political essays. 
 
 Cobb, M'illiamson B. W. — He was born in 
 Ray County, Tennessee, in 1807 ; and in 1809 his 
 father removed to Madison County, Alabama, with 
 the prosperity of which State his name has been iden- 
 tified for many years. He received a good common- 
 school education, and then turned his attention to 
 farming. From this pursuit he was called in 1845 to 
 a seat in the State Legislature, where he remained 
 two years. In 1847 he was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from Alabama, in which capacity he 
 served his adopted State by successive re-elections 
 down to 1860. During the eight years of his Congres- 
 sional career he officiated as" Chairman of the 
 Committee on Unfinished Business, and the balance 
 of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Public 
 Lands. The credit is awarded to him of having en- 
 gineered through Congress the Bountv Land Bill of 
 1850, and the Graduation Bill of 1854. "He was killed 
 by the accidental discharge of a pistol, in Alabama, in 
 November, 1864. He had served in the Confederate 
 Congress, but was expelled therefrom on account of 
 disloyalty to the Confederacy. 
 
 Cobitrn, Abtter. — He was born in Maine, and 
 was Governor of that State from 1863 to 1863. 
 
 Colunni, .Johu. — He was born in Philadelphia ; 
 was well educated ; adopted the profession of law, 
 which he abandoned in 1784, and removed to Lexing- 
 ton, Kentucky, and engaged in mercantile business ; in 
 1794 he removed to Mason County, and was soon 
 after appointed Judge of the District Court ; and upon 
 the re-organizaton of the courts was Judge of the Cir- 
 cuit Court, which office he held until 1805 ; was ap- 
 pointed Judge of the Territory of Michigan by Jeffer- 
 son, but declined, and was then appointed Judge of 
 the Territory of Orleans, and held his courts in St. 
 Louis ; resigned in 1809, and was appointed by Madi- 
 son Collector of Revenue for Fourth District of Ken- 
 tucky, which office he held for several years, which 
 was the last public position he held ; in 1813 he joined 
 Governor Shelby as a member of his Staff, and held 
 the post for a short time. He died in February, 1833. 
 
 Coburn, fTohn. — He was born in Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, October 27, 1835 ; graduated at Wabash Col- 
 lege in 1846 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature iu 1850 and 1851 ; 
 was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the 
 Twelfth District from 1859 to 1861 ; resigned, and 
 served in the army during the Rebellion, first as Colo- 
 nel of the Thirty-third Regiment Indiana Volunteers, 
 when he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral for gallant and meritorious services ; was viith. 
 
 the Army of the Cumberland, and having gone with 
 General Sherman to Atlanta, received in person the 
 surrender of that city ; in October, 1865, he was 
 elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Indiana, 
 which he resigned in August, 1866 ; and in the subse- 
 quent autumn he was elected a Representative from 
 Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Banking and Currency and Public Expendi- 
 tures. Re-elected to the three subsequent Con- 
 gresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs and PubUc Expenditures. 
 
 Coburii, Stephen. — He was bom in Maine, and 
 in January, 1861, was elected a Representative from 
 that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the un- 
 expired term of Israel Washburn, Jr., resigned. 
 
 Cochran, Alexander G. — Born in Alleghany 
 City, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1845 ; education ac- 
 quired in his native city and at Phillips' Academy, 
 Andover, Massachusetts ; left school iu 1861 ; en- 
 tered the Columbia Law School in 1864 ; was admitted 
 to the bar in 1866, and has practiced in Pittsburg 
 ever since. In 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Forty- fourth Congress. 
 
 Cochran, James. — He was a Major of Militia, 
 and represented the State of New York in Congress 
 from 1797 to 1799. He died at Oswego, New York, 
 November 7, 1848, aged seventy-nine years. He was 
 at one time Postmaster of Oswego. 
 
 Cochrane, Clark B. — Bom in New Boston, 
 New Hampshire, May 31, 1815 ; graduated at Union 
 College, Schenectady, New York ; a lawj-er by pro- 
 fession ; member of the New York Legislature in 
 1843 and 1844 ; and a Representative in the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress from New York, serring on the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures in the War Department. 
 He was also re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Private 
 Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Balti- 
 more Convention of 1864, and re-elected to the As- 
 sembly in 1865. Died at Albany, March 5, 1867. 
 
 Cochrane, John. — Bom at Palatine, Mont- 
 gomery County, New York ; studied at Union Col- 
 lege and graduated at Hamilton College, New York ; 
 is a lawyer by profession ; was Surveyor of the port 
 of New York for four years, and elected to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, acting as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Commerce. He was also re-elected to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serx-ing as a member of 
 the Committee on Commerce. Also served as a Gen- 
 eral of Volunteers in the Union army in 1861 and 1863 ; 
 and he was subsequently elected Attorney-General 
 of the State of New York. In 1864 he was nominated 
 for the office of Vice-President of the United States, 
 on the ticket with J. C. Fremont ; and he was a Del- 
 egate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866, and that of Chicago in 1868. In 1869 
 he was appointed Revenue Collector for the Sixth 
 District of New York. 
 
 Cocke, John. — He was bom in Brunswick Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, 1772 ; in early life he emigrated to Ten- 
 nessee, adopted the profession of law, and became a 
 member of the first Legislature of the State, in 1796 ; 
 he was Speaker of the House for many years, and 
 also a member of the Senate. From 1819 to 1837 he 
 was a Representative in Congress from his adopted 
 State. He died in Grundy County, Tennessee, Feb- 
 ruary 16, 1854. 
 
 Cocke, fViUiani. — He was born in Virginia, 
 participated in the military, civil, legislative, and 
 judicial services of that State ; and, on removing to 
 Tennessee, became a General of Militia ; served in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 89 
 
 the State Legislature in 1813 ; became one of the 
 Judges of the Circuit Court ; and was a Senator in 
 Congress from Tennessee in 1797, but was super- 
 seded by A. Jackson ; and again from 1799 to 1805 ; 
 and was appointed, in 1814, by President Madison, 
 Indian Agent for the Chickasaw nation. 
 
 Cocke, William M. — He was horn in Tennes- 
 see, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, end- 
 ing in 1849. 
 
 Cocker ill, tToseph R. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and. having removed to Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Tliirty-fiftli Congress, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Committees on Public Expenditures and 
 Expenses in the War Department. Died at West 
 Union, Ohio, October 23, 1875. 
 
 Cocki'Uit, fJanies. — A Representative in Con- 
 gress from North Carolina from 1809 to 1813. 
 
 Cockrell, Francis Marion, — Born near War- 
 rensburg, Missouri, October 1, 1884 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education, but finished his studies at 
 Chapel Hill College, in Lafayette County, Missouri, 
 an institution belonging to the Cumberland Presby- 
 terian Church. As opportunities offered, he worked 
 upon his father's farm, studied law, and on coming 
 to the bar devoted himself to the practice of the pro- 
 fession, and he was elected a Senator in Congress for 
 the term ending in 1881. 
 
 Coffee, John. — He was a member of Congress 
 from Georgia from 1833 to 1837, and died in Telfair 
 County, of that State, September 25, 1836. 
 
 Coffeji, Titian J. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, educiiti'd for the legal profession, and in 1861 he 
 was api>nintcd Assistant Attorney-Gener.il of the 
 United States, holding the position until 1864. 
 
 Cojpn, Charles G. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ohio from 1838 to 1839. Subse- 
 quently settled in Cincinnati as a lawyer. 
 
 Coffin, John H. C. — He was born in Wiscasset, 
 Maine, September 14, 1815 ; graduated at Bowdoin 
 College, in 1834 ; appointed Professor of Mathemat- 
 ics in the Navy in 1836 ; and commissioned on the 
 re-organization of that corps in 1848 ; since which 
 time lie has been its senior member. He served on 
 board the United States ships Vandalia and Consti- 
 tution ; in the West Indies Squadron from 1836 to 
 1838 ; at the Norfolk Navy Yard from 1838 to 1840 ; 
 on board the Levant in the West Indies Squadron 
 from 1840 to 1842 ; in surveys on the coast of Florida 
 from 1843 to 1844 ; at the United States Naval Ob- 
 servatory from 1844 to 1853 ; at the United States 
 Naval Academy, in charge of the Department of 
 Mathematics, and subsequently of that of Astronomy 
 and Navigation, from 1853 to 1865. Since 1865 lie has 
 had charge of the preparation of the American 
 Ephenieris and Nautical Almanac, the office of which 
 was removed from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to 
 Washington in 1867. 
 
 Coffin, Peleg. — He was born September, 1756, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Massacliu- 
 setts from 1793 to 1795. He served a number of years 
 in the State Senate, and was State Treasurer from 
 1797 to 1802. Died March 6, 1805. 
 
 Coffroth, Alexander H, — Born in Somerset, 
 Somerset County, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1828 ; was 
 self-educated ; read law, and commenced the practice 
 in 1851 ; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention 
 
 in 1860, and was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on 
 the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on 
 Expenditures in the Interior Department. He was 
 also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, but his seat 
 was successfully contested by Mr. Koontz. In 1867 
 he was appointed by President Johnson an Assessor 
 of Internal Revenue. 
 
 Coggeshall, William T, — Was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and a resident of Philadelphia ; subsequent- 
 ly removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was con- 
 nected with the press ; became State Librarian of 
 Ohio ; afterwards identified himself with the Spring- 
 field Reptihlirnn and the Columbus Jouniai ; and was 
 appointed in 1866 Minister Resident at Ecuador, where 
 he died August 2, 1867. 
 
 Coffhlan, John M, — He was born in Louisville, 
 Kentucky, December 8, 1835 ; removed to Illinois in 
 1847, and in 1850 emigrated to California ; was self- 
 taught ; a lawyer by profession ; was a member of 
 the California Legislature in 1805 ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-second Congress, as a Representative of 
 his adopted State, serving on the Committe.es on Pri- 
 vate Land Claims and Naval Affairs. 
 
 Coif , Joshua,— Horn in New London, Connecti- 
 cut, October 7, 17.58 : graduated at Harvard Universi- 
 ty in 1776 ; he studied law, and ."fettled in New Lon- 
 don in 1779 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Connecticut from 1793 to 1798. He also served 
 a number of years in the Legislature of Connecticut. 
 Died in New London, September 5, 1798, of yellow 
 fever. 
 
 Coke, Hicliard, — He was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion, and possessed talents of a high order, and an 
 energy seldom equaled. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1829 to 1833, and for 
 many years a prominent member of the bar. He died 
 in Abingdon, Virginia, March 30, 1851. 
 
 Coke, Hichard, — He was elected Governor of 
 Texas in 1874, and his term of office will expire in 
 1878. 
 
 Colbf/, A, — Born in New London, New Hamp- 
 shire, in 1793 ; early took a special interest in local 
 military affairs ; in 1828 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and served through twelve terms ; in 
 1846 he became Governor of New Hampshire ; in 
 1861 he was made Adjutant-General of the State ; 
 was .subsequently a Provost-Marshal ; a Trustee of 
 Dartmouth College ; founded an academy at New 
 London ; also endowed a Baptist Literary and Theo- 
 logical Institution in that town ; and died there July 
 20, 1873. 
 
 Colby, Stoddard B. — Born in Vermont in 1816 ; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836 ; studied 
 law and practiced the profession at Montpelier ; and 
 in 1864 he was appointed Register of the Treasury 
 in Washington. Died September 21, 1867, in Haver- 
 hill, New Hampshire. 
 
 Colcock, William F. — He was horn in South 
 Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 
 1823 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature and Speaker of the House ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from South 
 Carolina from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Colden, Cadivallader J).— He was for many 
 years a prominent member of the New York bar ; 
 served also in the Legislature of that State ; held the 
 
90 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 post of District Attorney of the United States for 
 many years ; was at one time Mayor of New York, 
 and a member of Congress from 1821 to 1823. He 
 was an early and intimate friend of Robert Fulton, 
 and wrote his biography ; he was highly respected 
 for his talents and ^^rtues, and died in Jersey City, 
 New Jersey, February 7, 1834, aged sixty-five years. 
 
 Cole, Cornelius. — Born in Lodi, New York, 
 
 September 17, 1822 ; bred to the business of a 
 farmer ; graduated at the Wesleyan University in 
 Connecticut ; adopted the profession of law ; emi- 
 grated to California in l.S4'J, and mined for gold for 
 one year ; subsequently prosecuted his profession in 
 San Francisco and Sacramento ; was District Attorney 
 at the latter place for two years ; and in 1863 he 
 was elected a Representative from California to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Post Offices and Post Roads. From 1856 to 1860 
 he was a member of the National Republican Com- 
 mittee, and during the Presidential campaign of 
 1860 was the editor of a newspaper in California. He 
 was elected to the Senate for the term commencing 
 in 1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Appropriations, Manufactures, and Claims ; 
 and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. * 
 
 Cole, George E. — ^V"as born in Oneida County, 
 New Y'ork, December 23, 1826 ; went to Iowa in 1849 ; 
 crossed the plains to California in 1850, and went to 
 Oregon the same year ; was a member of the Oregon 
 Legislature in 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; during the years 
 1859 and 1860 he was Clerk of the United States" Dis- 
 trict Court for Oregon ; removed to Washington Ter- 
 ritory in 1861, and in 1863 he was elected a Dele- 
 gate from Washington Territory to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress. 
 
 Cole, Orsnnius. — He was born in New York ; 
 removed to Wisconsin at an early day, and was ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for that Territory ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Wisconsin 
 from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 ColeniHU, Daniel. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, and in 1886 he was appointed third Post- 
 master-General, holding the office until 1841. 
 
 Coleman, Kieholas D.—He was born in Har- 
 rison County, Kentucky, in 1800 ; educated chiefly at 
 the University of Transylvania in 1822 ; studied law 
 and engaged in its practice with success ; in 1824 and 
 1825 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1831 ; was 
 soon afterwards appointed Postmaster of Marysville, 
 and subsequently to the same position in Vicksburg 
 from 1841 to 1844. He was, also, for a while. Presi- 
 dent of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and he died in 
 May, 1874, at Vicksburg. 
 
 Coles, Efl ward.— Born in Albemarle County, 
 Virginia, December 15, 1786 ; graduated at William 
 and Mary College in 1807 ; was Private Secretary to 
 President Madison, who sent him on a mission to 
 Russia in 1817. On his return, in 1818, he removed 
 to Illinois, taking with him his slaves, whom he had 
 liberated. He was Governor of that State from 1823 
 to 1826, and removed to Philadelphia in 1833. He 
 read before the Philadelphia Historical Society, in 
 1856, "A History of the Ordinance of 1787," which was 
 published, Svo. Died in Philadelphia, July 7, 1868. 
 
 Coles, Isaac. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1791, and again 
 from 1793 to 1797 ; and he was one of those who 
 voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. 
 
 Coles, If'alfer, — He was bom in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1835 to 1845. 
 
 Colfax, Schin/ler. — Bom in New York city, 
 March 23, 1823, and was the grandson of William 
 Colfax, a General in the Army of the Revolution un- 
 der General Washington ; attended a public school ; 
 was a merchant's clerk for three years ; and in 1836 
 removed with his widowed mother to Indiana, where 
 he held a county office and studied law. In 1845 he 
 established the St. JusipTt VitlUi/ Register, at South 
 Bend, which he conducted until 1855. He was a 
 member in 1850 of the " State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion ;" in 1848 and 1852 a Delegate to the " Whig 
 National Conventions " of those years, and was Sec- 
 retary of each. He was elected a Representative 
 from Indiana to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and to 
 the successive Congresses, including the Fortieth, 
 ser\'ing as Chairman of the Committee on Post-Offices, 
 and as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He 
 was chosen Speaker during the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, and was twice re-elected to the same position. 
 In 1865 he made an overland journey to the Pacific 
 Coast, which fonned the subject of a popular lecture 
 which he delivered in several States ; and in May, 
 1868, he was nominated for the office of Vice-Presi- 
 dent on the ticket with General Grant for President, 
 and after the close of his term devoted himself to 
 lecturing. 
 
 Collanier, Jacob. — He was bom in Troy, New 
 Y'ork, in 1792, but when a child removed with his 
 father to Burlington, Vermont. He graduated at the 
 University of Vermont in 1810 ; served as a subaltern 
 during the first campaign of the last war with Eng- 
 land ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1813 ; practiced his profession until 1833, during 
 which time he was for several years a member of 
 the State Legislature, and from 1833 to 1841 he 
 was Judge of tlie Supreme Court of Vermont. 
 In 1843 he took his seat as a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont, serving by re-elections until 
 1849 ; in March of that year he was appointed 
 Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of President Tay- 
 lor ; resigned in 1850, with the rest of the Cabinet, 
 on the death of the President, and was soon after- 
 wards re-appointed on the Supreme Bench of his State, 
 which office he held until 1854, when he was elected 
 a Senator in Congress from Vermont for sis years 
 from 1855 ; and in 1861 he was re-elected for the tenn 
 ending in 1867, serving as Chainnan of the Commit- 
 tee on Post-Offices and Post Roads, also that on the 
 Library, and as a member of several other important 
 Committees. He receivi-d the degree of LL.D. from 
 the University of Vermont, and from Dartmouth 
 College, New Hampshire. Died in Woodstock, Ver- 
 mont, November 8, 1865. 
 
 Collier, Henri/ Wafkins, — Born in Lunen- 
 burg County, Virginia, January 17, 1801 ; educated 
 in Abbeville District, South Carolina ; removed to 
 Alabama in 1818 ; admitted to the bar in 1821 ; began 
 to practice in Huntsville ; and in 1823 removed to 
 Tuscaloosa; was Judge of the Circuit Court of that 
 District from 1827 to 1837 : Chief Justice of Ahibama 
 from 1837 to 1849 ; and Governor from 1849 to 1853. 
 Died at Bailey's Springs, Alabama, August 28, 1855. 
 
 Collier, John A. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1831 to 1838. 
 
 Collin, John F. — Born in Hillsdale, Columbia 
 County, New York, April 30, 1802. He received a 
 common-school education, and has devoted himself to 
 agricultural pursuits. He served in the State Legis- 
 lature in 1834 ; was a member for some years of the 
 County Board of Supervisors ; and was a Represent- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 91 
 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 
 1847. 
 
 Collins, Ela. — Born in Meriden, Connecticut, 
 February 14, 178G ; studied law. and commenced prac- 
 tice in Oneida County, New York ; was fur twenty 
 years a District Attorney, displaying ability as an ad- 
 vocate, and during tlie latter part of liis life devoted 
 niucli attention to farming. He commanded a regi- 
 ment of Militia near Sackett's Harbor, New York, in 
 1814 ; represented Lewis County iu the Legislature of 
 the State ; and in 1821 was a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention. He was in Congress from 
 New Y'ork from 1823 to 182.5 ; and died at Lowville, 
 Lewis County, November 23, 1848. 
 
 Collins, Francis J), — Born in Saugerties, Ul- 
 ster County, New York, March .5. 1844 ; educated at 
 St. Joseph College and Wyoming Seminary, Penn- 
 sylvania ; read law and went to the bar in Luzerne 
 County in 1866 ; was elected a District Attorney in 
 1869 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1872, 1873, 
 and 1874, and in the latter year he was elected a Kep- 
 resentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Collins, JoJm. — Governor of Rhode Island from 
 1786 to 1789, succeeding William Greene. He was a 
 patriot of the Revolution, a Delegate to the old Con- 
 gress from 1778 to 1783, and a signer of the Articles 
 of Confederation ; and elected a Representative in 
 Congress in 1789. He died at Newport, in March, 
 1795, aged seventy eight. 
 
 Collins, tTohn. — He was Governor of Delaware 
 
 from 1820 to his death, which occurred at Wilmington, 
 Delaware, April 15, 1822. 
 
 Collins, Thomas,— Born in 1782; was Higli 
 Sheriff of Kent County, Delaware ; a member of the 
 Council for four years ; Brigadier-General of Militia 
 from 1776 to 1783 ; a member of the Assembly, and 
 Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas ; was 
 Governor of Delaware from 1786 to 1789. Died near 
 Duck Creek, Kent County, Delaware, March 29, 1789. 
 
 Collins, lyUHain, — He was born in Virginia, 
 and in 1844 he was appointed First Auditor of the 
 Treasury, in which position he remained until 1849. 
 
 Collins, Tr<WJaw.— He was the sonof Ela, and 
 born in Oneida County, New York, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 
 1849. He studied law, and was District Attorney for 
 Lewis County, until he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Colqniff, Alfred S, — He was a native of Geor- 
 gia ; graduated at Princeton College in 1844 ; a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 
 1855, and a Presidential Elector in 1861. 
 
 Colquitt, W. T. — He was born iu Halifax Conn 
 ty. Virginia, December 27, 1799 ; was educated at 
 Princeton College, and admitted to the bar in 1820. 
 He was a Brigadier-General of Militia at the age of 
 twenty-one ; in 1826 he was appointed a District Judge, 
 and held the first court ever held in Columbus ; was 
 appointed to the same otBce in 1829 ; was a member 
 of the State Senate in 1834 and 1837 ; a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Georgia from 1839 to 1843, and 
 a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He was 
 also a member of the Nashville Convention in 1850 ; 
 and he died at Macon, Georgia, May 7, 1855. 
 
 Colston, Edward. — Born in Berkeley County, 
 Virginia, in 1788, and graduated at Princeton College 
 in 1806. He served for a long time as Magistrate of 
 the County, and in the capacity of High Sheriff ; was 
 
 frequently a member of the State Legislature ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Virginia 
 from 1817 to 1819. He died April 33, 1851. 
 
 Comegifs, Cornelius P. — He was born in 
 Delaware, and was Governor of that State, 1837 to 
 1840. 
 
 Comegys, Joseph P. — Son of Cornelius P. 
 Comegys, formerly Governor of the State of Dela- 
 ware ; was born in St. Joue's Neck, at Cherbourg, 
 near Dover, Delaware, December 29, 1813 ; was edu- 
 cated at Dover Academy. In May, 1831, entered the 
 office of J. M. Clayton, as a student of law:, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1835 ; elected a member of the 
 House of Representatives of the State in 1842 and 
 1848. In January, 1851, was appointed by the Gen- 
 eral Assembly one of a Committee of three to revise 
 the Statutes of the State. In November, 1856, was 
 chosen by the Governor to fill the vacancy in the 
 United States Senate occasioned by the death of John 
 M. Clayton. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia " National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Comingo, Abram. — He was born in Mercer 
 County, Kentucky, January 9, 1820 ; received a liberal 
 education ; studied law. and came to the bar in 1847 ; 
 removed to Missouri in 1848 ; elected a member of the 
 Missouri State Convention in 1861 ; ajipointed Pro- 
 vost-Marshal iu May, 1863, and was elected to the 
 Forty-second and Forty-tliird Cimgresses, serving 
 on the Committees on Indian and Freedmen's Affairs. 
 
 Comins, Linus S. — Born in Charlton, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1817; graduated at the " Wnrcester 
 County Manual Labor High School;" and was de- 
 voted to mercantile business, and to manufacturing. 
 He was a member of the Roxbury City Council in 
 1846, and in 1847 and 1848 President of 'the Council. 
 In 1854 he was Mayor of Roxbury, and having been 
 soon after electfd to Congress from Massachusetts, 
 continued in that position to the close of the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Com- 
 merce. 
 
 Conistock, George F,—Be was born in Wil- 
 liamstown, Oswego County, New York, August 24, 
 1811 ; graduated at Union College in 1834 ; taught 
 Greek and Latin in a private school ; studied law, 
 and in 1837 came to the bar in Syracuse, which be- 
 came his place of residence ; iu 1847 was appointed 
 Reporter of the Decisions of the Court of Appeals, and 
 published four volumes; in 1853 he was appointed 
 Solicitor of the Treasury, and went out of office in 
 1853 ; in 1855 he was elected Judge of the Court of 
 Appeals, remaining on the Bench untU 1861, and was 
 Chief Justice during the last year ; subsequently de- 
 voted all his attention to the practice of his profes- 
 sion ; was a member of the State Constitutional 
 Convention of 1867 ; and the story of his exerting 
 himself to establish a law for the putting a stop to 
 the official conduct of such men as William M. 
 Tweed, and then appearing as his advocate or defend- 
 er, when in prison, is a curious episode in the his- 
 tory of the State, and has been the cause of much 
 unjust criticism by the party press. 
 
 Conistock, Oliver C. — He was bred a Baptist 
 minister, and was a member of the New Y'ork As- 
 sembly in 1810 and 1812, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1813 to 1819. He 
 subsequently officiated as Chaplain of the House of 
 Representatives ; and died at Marshall, Michigan, 
 January 11, 1860, aged seventy-six years. 
 
 Conant, Charles F. — He was born in Milford, 
 New Hampshire, April 23, 1835; received an academic 
 education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; became 
 
 \>>c v.. >r^u/vsA/^ • c-i^^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 a clerk iu the Treasury Department in 1868; and in 
 July, 1874, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of 
 the Treasury Department, and is still in office. 
 
 Coiulict, John. — He was born in 1755 ; was a 
 soldier and surgeon during the Revolutionary War. 
 He was a member of the New .Jersey Legislature for 
 several years ; a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1799 to 1803; a Senator in Congress 
 from 1803 to 1817, and again a Representative dur- 
 ing the years 1819 and 1830. He died May 4, 1834. 
 
 Condicf, Leivis. — Born at Morristown, New 
 Jersey, in March, 1773, and was a physician of emi- 
 nence. From 1805 to 1810 he was a member of the 
 New Jersey Legislature, the two latter years officia- 
 ting as Speaker ; in 1807 was a Commissioner for set- 
 tling the boundary between New York and New Jer- 
 sey ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 1811 to 1817 and from 1821 to 1833. In 1841 he was 
 a Presidential Elector. He was also at one tim-e 
 Sheriff of Morris County, and died at Morristown, 
 New Jersey, May 26, 1862. 
 
 Condicf, Silas, — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1781 (to 
 1784 ; and his sou bearing the same name was a 
 Representative in the Federal Congress. 
 
 Condicf, Silas. — Born in New Jersey iu 1777 ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1795 ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1831 
 to 18.i3. He was a member of the Convention which 
 formed the State Constitution of 1844 ; for many 
 years President of the Newark Banking Company ; 
 and was frequently elected to the Legislature of 
 New Jersey. Died at Newark, New Jersey, Novem- 
 ber 29, 18G1. 
 
 Condy, Jonathan IF. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was elected Clerk of the House of 
 Representatives in 1797 and held the position until 
 1800. 
 
 Conger, Harmon S. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851. 
 His native State was Connecticut. 
 
 Conger, James L. — He was born in New Jer- 
 sey, and, on removing to Michigan, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Conger, Omar X).— Bom in Cooperstown, Ot- 
 sego County, New York, in 1818 ; removed with his 
 father, who was a clergyman, to Huron County, 
 Ohio, in 1824 ; graduated in 1842 at the Western 
 Reserve College ; from 1845 to 1847 he was em- 
 ployed iu the Geological Survej's of Lake Superior ; 
 and in 1848 he settled at Port Huron, Michigan, in 
 the practice of law. In 1850 he was elected Judge 
 of St. Clair County; was a Senator in the State Leg- 
 islature from 1855 to 1859, during the latter serving 
 as President pro tern. ; was a Delegate to the Balti- 
 more Convention of 1864 ; also a Presidential Elector 
 at the ensuing election, and Messenger from Michi- 
 gan to carry the vote to Washington ; in 1866 he 
 was a member of the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from Michigan to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Commerce, and re-elected to the 
 three succeeding Congresses, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Commerce and Chairman of that on Patents. 
 
 Conkling, Alfred.— Re was born in East Hamp- 
 ton, Suffolk County, New York, October 12, 1789; 
 graduated at Union College ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1812 ; was District Attorney for Mont- 
 gomery County for two or three years ; and was 
 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Seven- 
 teenth Congress. He then settled in Albany, and in 
 1825 was appointed by President Adams Judge of 
 the United States for the Northern District of New 
 York, his nomination having been unanimously con- 
 firmed by the Senate. While upon the bench he 
 wrote two law books that were much needed by the 
 profession ; one of them entitled " Conkling's Treat- 
 ise," and the other " Conkling's Admiralty." In 1853 
 he was appointed by President Fillmore Minister to 
 Mexico, and on his return from that mission he set- 
 tled at Genesee, New York, and devoted himself 
 mainly to literary pursuits, including -the prepara^ 
 tion and publication of new editions of his law 
 books. In 1867 he published a work on " The Pow- 
 ers of the Executive Departments of the United 
 States." Two of his sons were Representatives in 
 Congress. Died at Utica, February 5, 1874. 
 
 ConMing, Frederick A. — He was born in 
 Montgomery County, New York, August 22, 1816 ; 
 was bred a merchant, and has followed that occupa- 
 tion in the city of New York ; was a member of the 
 Assembly of New York in 1854, 1859, and 1860 ; and 
 was elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress^serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Conkling, Roscoe. — Was born in Albany in 
 1828 ; received a good education ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; in 1849 he was appointed District Attor- 
 ney for Oneida County ; in 1858 he was elected Mayor 
 of Utica, to which place he had removed in 1846 ; and 
 at the close of 1858 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on the District of Co- 
 lumbia ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on a Bank- 
 rupt Law, and also as Chairman of that on the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress. His father, Alfred Conklingf, and his brother, 
 Frederick A., were also Rejjresentatives in Congress. 
 In the Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Com- 
 mittees on Ways and Means and Reconstruction. He 
 was re-elected a Representative to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, but in January, 1867, was chosen a Senator in 
 Congress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the 
 Committees on Appropriations, the Judiciary, and 
 Mines and Mining. He was also President of the 
 Republican State Convention of 1867. He was re- 
 elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1879, 
 and was Chairman of the Committee on the Revision 
 of Laws. 
 
 Connelly, Benr-y.—'Re was born in Virginia ; 
 removed to Kansas ; and in 1861 he was appointed 
 Governor of the Territory of Xe%v Mexico, residing 
 in Santa Fe, and remaining in office until 1865. 
 
 Conner, John C. — He was born in Noblesville, 
 Indiana, October 27, 1842 ; educated at Waba.sh Col- 
 lege ; entered the army in 1862 as a Lieutenant, and 
 served until the close of the war; upon the reorgani- 
 zation of the army in 1866 was appointed a Captain 
 iu the Forty-first Infantry, and served in Texas; and 
 was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on the Militia. 
 
 Conner, Samuel S. — He was born in New 
 Hampshire ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; was 
 a Lieutenant-Colonel in the United States Army iu 
 1812 (Eighteenth Infantry); was a Representative In 
 Congress from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. He 
 also held the office of Surveyor-General in Ohio in 
 1819. He died at Covington, Kentucky, December 
 17, 1830. 
 
 Conness, John, — He was born in Ireland, Sep- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 93 
 
 tember 20. 1821, but came to this country when thir- 
 teen years of age; was among tlie first emigrants to 
 California, where he became engaged in mining and 
 mercantile pursuits. In 1852 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, and was re-elected three times. In 
 1859 he was candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of 
 California, and in 1861 a candidate for Governor of 
 the Union Democratic party. In 1863 he was elected 
 a Senator in Congress from California, for the term 
 ending in 1809, serving on the Committees on Fi- 
 nance and the Pacific Railroad, as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Mines and Mining, and as a member 
 also of that on Post OlBces and Post Roads. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866. 
 
 Connor, Henry W. — Born in Prince George 
 County, Virginia, in August, 1793 ; educated at the 
 University of South Carolina, where he gradu- 
 ated in 1812 ; in 1814 he was Aidde-camp to Gene- 
 ral Jose])h Graliam in the Creek \^'ar ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 
 1821 to 1841, when he declined a re-election ; and 
 having in 1848 served in the General Assembly, he 
 also declined a reelection to that office, and retired 
 to private life. Died in N^rth Carolina, January 15, 
 1866. 
 
 Connor, Selden, — He was born in Fairfield, 
 Maine, January 25, 1839; graduated at Tuft's College in 
 1859 ; studied law, but before entering upon the prac- 
 tice he enlfsted and went to the war as a private, in 
 1860, in a Vermont regiment ; subsequently be- 
 came Lieutenant-Colonel of a Maine regiment ; was 
 promoted to the rank of Colonel, and severely 
 wounded in the battle of the Wilderness in 1864 ; 
 was then made a Brigadier-General. In 1868 he was 
 appointed an Assessor of Internal Revenue ; in 1873 
 a Collector of Interniil Revenue ; and in 1875 elected 
 Governor of the State of Maine. 
 
 Connover, Simon S.—TIe was born in Middle- 
 sex County, New Jersey, September 23, 1840 ; received 
 a liberal education, and studied medicine ; was ap- 
 pointed Assistant Surgeon in the Army of the Cum- 
 berland in 1863, and stationed at Nashville, Tennes- 
 see ; after several promotions he was ordered to 
 Lake City, Florida, in 1866, and shortly afterwards 
 resigned his commission. He was a member of the 
 Convention which framed the Constitution in 1868 ; 
 was appointed State Treasurer ; was a member of the 
 Chicago Convention in 1868, and appointed a member 
 of the National Republican Committee, on which he 
 served four years ; he was also a member of the 
 State Executive Republican Committee ; on retiring 
 from the position of State Treasurer at the expiration 
 of his term of office, lie was elected to the State Leg- 
 islature from the County of Leon, and presided over 
 that body ; he was elected to the United States Senate 
 for the term commencing in 1873 and endingin 1879, 
 serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Revolu- 
 tionary Claims and Transportation. 
 
 Conratl, Charles J>/.— He was born in Winches- 
 ter, Virginia, and when an infant went with his 
 father, first to Mississippi, and then to Louisiana, 
 where he has since resided. In 1828 he was admitted 
 to the bar in New Orleans ; served a number of years 
 in the State Lesfislature ; was a Senator in Congress 
 in 1842 and 1843 : was a member of the State Consti- 
 tutional Convention in 1844 ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from Louisiana from 1849 to August, 1850, 
 when he became Secretary of War under President 
 Fillmore. Served in the Southern Rebellion as a 
 Brigadier-General. 
 
 Conrad, Frederick. — He was a Representative 
 in C ngress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1807. 
 
 Conrad, John. — He was a Representative In 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Constable, Albert. — He was born in Maryland, 
 and was a Rejiresentative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847. He was also a Presidential 
 Elector in 1832 ; elected Judge of the Circuit Court of 
 Maryland in 1851 ; and died in Camden, New 
 Jersey, in September, 1855. 
 
 Contee, Jienjamin. — He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Maryland from 1789 
 to 1791. He was one of those who voted for locating 
 the Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 
 Converse, tTulins. — He was born in Stafford, 
 Connecticut, in 1799 ; and was Governor of Vermont 
 from 1872 to 1874. 
 
 Conway, El ins y. — He was Governor of Arkan- 
 sas for eight years, from 1860 to 1868. 
 
 Conii'ay, Henry JF. — He was born in Greene 
 County, Tennessee, and was a Delegate to Congress 
 from the Territory of .irkansas from 1823 to 1829. 
 
 Conway, James S. — He was Governor of Ar- 
 kansas from 1836 to 1840, having been the first 
 elected under the State Constitution. 
 
 Conway, Martin F. — Was born in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, about the year 1830 ; removed to 
 Baltimore in his fourteenth year ; was bred a printer; 
 followed that business for a time, and took part in 
 originating the National Typographical Union. He 
 subsequently studied law and practiced for several 
 years ; went to Kansas in 1854, and was elected to 
 the Council of the fir.st Territorial Legislature. 
 Under the Topeka Convention he was chosen Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1856 he was Pres- 
 ident of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention; 
 and in 1859 he was elected a Representative from 
 Kansas to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Indian Affairs. Subsequently 
 settled in Washington City. 
 
 Cony, Samtiel. — Born in Augusta, Maine, Feb- 
 ruary 27, 1811 ; graduated at Brown University in 
 1829 ; began the practice of law in 1832 ; member of 
 the Maine Legislature in 1835 and 1862; member of 
 the Council in 1839 ; Judge of Probate from 1840 to 
 1847; State Treasurer from 1850 to 1855; Mayor of 
 Augusta in 1854 ; and Governor of Maine from 1864 
 to 1867. Died in Augusta, September 5, 1870. 
 
 Conyngham, John N. — He was born in Phila- 
 delphia' in 1798 ; graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1816 ; and, after coming to the bar, located 
 at Wilkesharre, where he was a ])rominent Judge for 
 more than thirty years. He also occupied a leading 
 position in the Protestant Episcopal Church. Died 
 by a railway accident in Mississippi, in March, 1871. 
 
 Cook, Surf on C. — Bom in Monroe County, New 
 York, May 11, 1819 ; received a collegiate education ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; elected State Attorney 
 for the Ninth Circuit in 1846, for two years, by the 
 Legislature ; re-elected in 1848, for four years, by the 
 people ; was a member of the State Senate from 1853 
 to 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative 
 from Illinois to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Elections and the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-first Congress and made Chairman 
 of the District of Columbia and Judiciary Committees. 
 
94 
 
 BIOQ.EAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Cook, Daniel P. — He was born in Scott County, 
 Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Illinois from 1820 to 18'37, and filled with great ability 
 his duties as a member of the Committee of Ways and 
 Means. By such men as Mr. Calhoun and Judge 
 McLean he was considered a man of remarkable tal- 
 ents. He died at the age of thirty-two years, in Octo- 
 ber, 1827. 
 
 Coolk, John P. — He was born in New York, and, 
 on taking up his residence in Iowa, was elected a 
 Representative in Congres.s from that State from 1853 
 to 1855. 
 
 CooJk, Orchard, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1811. He 
 was a merchant by occupation and, for some years. 
 Sheriff of Lincoln County. 
 
 Coolc, Phi Up. — He was born in Twiggs County, 
 Georgia, July 31, 1817 ; educated at Oglethorpe Uni- 
 versity ; read law at the University .of Virginia ; was 
 elected to the State Senate in 18o9, 1800, and 1863 ; 
 was also a member of the State Convention of 1805 ; 
 entered the Confederate service in April, 18G1, as a 
 private, and rose to be Brigadier-General ; was elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but not allowed to take 
 his seat, and elected to the Forty-third and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on the 
 Militia. 
 
 Cook, Thomao li. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1811 to 1813, and a 
 member of the Assembly of that State in 1838 and 
 1839. 
 
 Cook, Zndork, — Born in 1769 ; was frequently in 
 the Legislature of Georgia ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from 1817 to 1819. His memory is said to 
 have been remarkable, as lie could, after reading a 
 chapter in the Bible, repeat the same from beginning 
 to end. In 1834 he was still Ii\'ing. 
 
 Cooke, Bate. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1831 to 1833. At one 
 time, from 1839 to 1841, he held the office of Comp- 
 troller of New York ; and was also Bank Commis- 
 sioner in 1840. Died in 1841. 
 
 Cooke, Eleufheros, — Born in Granville, Wash- 
 ington County, New York, December S5, 1787. He 
 received a liberal education, and having studied law, 
 practiced it with success both in New York and Ohio 
 until 1830. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1831 to 1833; served for many years 
 in the Legislature of that State, before and after en- 
 tering Congress ; and though ostensibly living in re- 
 tirement, he was for many years very frequently 
 called upon to address the citizens of Ohio on topics of 
 a varied nature, on account of his popularity as an 
 orator. Died at Sandusky, Ohio, December 37, 1805. 
 He was the father of the distinguished bankers. Jay, 
 Pitt, and Henry D. Cooke. 
 
 Cooke, Uenrjj D, — Born in Sandusky City, Ohio, 
 November 23, 1825 ; graduated at Transylvania Uni- 
 versity, Kentucky, in 1844 ; studied law at home and 
 in Philadelphia, but soon turned his attention to writ- 
 ing for the press ; in 1847 he sailed to Valparaiso, in 
 Chili, as an attache to the American Consul there ; 
 the ship in which he sailed was wrecked off the Ber- 
 mudas, but reaching St. Thomas in safety, he con- 
 tinued his journey across Panama. While detained 
 at St. Thomas, the idea of a steamship line from New 
 York to California, by way of Panama, was suggested 
 to him, and he wrote on the subject to the Philadelphia 
 United States Odzcite and the New York Courier and 
 Enquirer; this correspondence was transmitted to the 
 
 Department of State by the Consul, W. G. Moor- 
 head, and thus in about two years the Pacific Mail 
 Steamship Company was organized. Mr Cooke sub- 
 sequently resided in California ; had much to do with 
 the shipping of the Pacific ; was the first to announce 
 through a dispatch from the Military Governor of 
 California to Washington, the discovery of gold in 
 the Sacramento valley ; after meeting with misfor- 
 tunes in California, he returned to the east and was 
 associated with the United States Omette, Sandusky 
 Ber/ister and the Ohio State Journal ; was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 18.56 ; in 1801 became a partner in the 
 house of Jay Cooke & Co. ; frequently visited Europe 
 on business, and in 1870 he was appointed the first 
 Governor of the District of Columbia, which office he 
 resigned in 1873. He was a resident of Georgetown 
 for more than fifteen years, and besides building a 
 Mission Church in that city, he gave twenty thousand 
 dollars towards re-building a second Episco])al 
 Church in the same place ; while his other munifi- 
 cent gifts for the public benefit have been large and 
 frequent. He was the son of Eleutheros, a distin- 
 guished orator and Congressman, and brother of Jay 
 Cooke, the eminent financier. 
 
 Cooke, Jay, — He was born in Sandusky, Ohio, 
 August 10, 1821, and was the brother of H. D. Cooke, 
 and son of the member of Congress. After receiving 
 a good English education he went to Philadelphia in 
 1838 ; entered the banking house of E. W. Clark & 
 Co. as a clerk ; became a partner at the age of twen- 
 ty-one, and in 1861 established the house of Jay 
 Cooke & Co. Through the influence of his personal 
 friend Salmon P. Chase, then Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury, he was designated by President Lincoln as a 
 suitable person to negotiate for the Government and 
 popularize the National Loans, in which he was emi- 
 nently successful, and thus accomplished much to 
 help the Union cause during the Reliellion. He be- 
 came very wealthy, and was noted for his great liber- 
 ality and superior culture, and when, in 1873, his house 
 was compelled to suspend on account of the panic of 
 that year, the event was considered a national calam- 
 ity. 
 
 Cooke, Josejyh P. — He was born in 1730 ; grad- 
 uated at Yale College in 1750 ; was a Delegate from 
 Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1788 ; and died at Danbury, Connecticut, in 1816. 
 
 Cooke, N'icliolas, — Born in Providence, Rhode 
 Island, Feliruary 3, 1717 ; was Deputy-Governor of 
 the State from May to October, 1775 ; and Governor 
 from that date to Jlay, 1778. " He merited and won 
 the approbation of his fellow-citizens, and was hon- 
 ored with the friendship and confidence of Washing- 
 ton." Such is the inscription on his monument. He 
 died in Providence, September 14, 1782. 
 
 Coolei/, Dennis N". — He was born in New 
 Hampshire, and in 1865 he was appointed from Iowa 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, remaining in office 
 only a little more than one year. 
 
 Coolei/, James. — He was a citizen of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in 182G he was appointed Charge d' Affaires 
 to Peru, where he died February 24, 1838. 
 
 Cooliftffe, Carlos. — Born in Windsor, Vermont, 
 in 1792 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1811 ; 
 practiced law in Windsor fifty two years ; was State 
 Attorney for the County from 1831 to 1836 ; Repre- 
 sentative from 1S34 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1842 ; 
 was Speaker in 1836, and during his latter term ; 
 Governor of Vermont from 1849 to 1851 ; and was 
 Senator from 1855 to 1857. Received the desrrce of 
 LL.D., from Middlebury College in 1849. Died at 
 Windsor, August 15. 1866. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 95 
 
 Cooper, David, — He was an early emigrant to 
 Minnesota, and in 1850 he was appointed a Judge of 
 the United States Court for that District. 
 
 Cooper, Edmund, — He was born in Franklin, 
 Williams County, Tennessee, September 11, 1831 ; 
 graduated at Jackson College in 1889; read law and 
 attended lectures at Harvard University, and settled 
 in the practice of the profession in Bedford County ; 
 in 1849 he was elected to the Tennessee Legislature ; 
 was elected a " Union Delegate " to the State Conven- 
 tion proposed in 1861 ; was again elected to the State 
 Legislature in 18(35, but resigned on being elected a 
 Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first 
 session, and servingon the Committees on the Murders 
 in South Carolina and on Territories. In November. 
 1867, lie was appointed Assistant Secretary of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 Cooper, Georffe S, — Born at Long Hill, Morris 
 County, New Jersey, June 6, 1808 ; received a good 
 common-school education ; removed to Michigan in 
 1830 ; served in the two Houses of the State Legisla- 
 ture ; served two terms as State Treasurer of Michi- 
 gan ; held the position of Postmaster at Jackson for 
 eleven years, which he resigned when chosen Treas- 
 urer ; and was elected a Representative from Michi- 
 gan to the Thirty-sixth Congress. His seat, however, 
 was contested by William A. Howard, and before the 
 close of the first session the latter was admitted. 
 
 Cooi^er, Henry. — Was born in Columbia, Ten- 
 nessee, August 23, 1837 ; graduated at Jackson Col- 
 lege, August 11, 1847 : studied lawat Shelbyville and 
 admitted to the bar in 1849 ; elected to the State Leg- 
 islature in 1853 and 18.57; appointed in 1863 Judge 
 of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of Tennessee, but re- 
 signed in 1866 ; was chosen Professor in the Law 
 School at Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1866, and resigned 
 in 1867, when he removed to Nashville ; was elected 
 to the State Senate in 1869 and 1870, and elected to 
 the United States Senate for the term ending in 1877, 
 serving on several Committees. 
 
 Cooper, tfames, — He was born in Frederick 
 County, Maryland, May 8, 1810. He commenced his 
 education at the common schools of the county, spent 
 some little time at St. Mary's College, and graduated 
 at Washington College, Pennsylvania. He studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in 
 1834; was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania in 1838, and re-elected in 1840 ; in 1843 
 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected 
 in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving in 1847 as Speaker; 
 in 1848 he was appointed Attorney-General of Penn- 
 sylvania, and in 1849 was chosen a Sen.ator in Con- 
 gress for tlie term of six years. During his service 
 in Congress his health was feeble, so that he could 
 not participate in the debates of the Senate to the ex- 
 tent that be desired, and on his return to Pennsyl- 
 vania settled in Philadelphia and subsequently in 
 Frederick, Maryland. He afterwards became a Brig- 
 adier-General in the army, and died at Columbus, 
 Ohio, March 38, 1863. 
 
 Cooper, ,Tohn, — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1776. 
 
 Cooper, TUnrle A., — He was born in Georgia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1843. 
 
 Cooper, Richard ]t£. — Born in Gloucester Coun- 
 ty, New Jersey ; was a member of the Society of 
 Friends ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Jersey from 1839 to 1833. He also served in the 
 Legislature, and was President of the State Bank at 
 
 Camden. Died March 10, 1844, aged seventy-six 
 years. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Delaware from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas S, — He was born in Coopers- 
 town, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, December 39, 
 1833 ; was educated at Pennsylvania College, at 
 Gettysburg, and also at the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia, where he graduated in 1643 ; and liaving adopted 
 the profession of a physician he was successful there- 
 in. He was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania, for the term ending in 1863; but 
 died at Cooperstown, April 4, 1863, during the second 
 session of the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 
 Cooper, William. — Born in New Jersey ; and 
 having removed to Otsego County, New York, became 
 the founder of Cooperstown. He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1795 to 1797, 
 and again from 1799 to 1801. He was the father of 
 the eminent author, James Fenimore Cooper. 
 
 Cooper, William J5.— He was a native of Del- 
 aware ; Governor of the State from 1840 to 1844 ; 
 and died April 27, 1849. 
 
 Cooper, W, B. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Corhett, Henry W. — He was born in West bor- 
 ough, Massachusetts, February 18, 1837. When quite 
 young he removed to Washington County, New York ; 
 was educated chiefly at the Cambridge Academy, in that 
 County ; when sixteen years of age he removed to New 
 York city, where he remained nearly eight years, en- 
 gaged iii mercantile pursuits. In 18.50 he shipped a 
 sto'ck of goods to Portland, in Oregon, and removed 
 to that Territory in the'following year, where he has 
 since followed the mercantile business. He took an 
 active part in politics, and was identified with the or- 
 ganization of the Republican and Union parties in the 
 State ; was a Delegate from Oregon to the Chicago 
 Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the 
 Presidency ; and in 1866 he was elected a Senator in 
 Congress "from Oregon for the term commencing in 
 1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees 
 on Commerce, Indian Affairs, and District of Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 Corcoran, William TT.— He was born in 
 Georgetown, Distiict of Columbia, December 27, 1798, 
 his father having been an emigrant from Ireland ; was 
 bred a merchant, but failed in that business, and be- 
 came an exchange broker in Washington ; formed a 
 partnership with GeorgeW. Riggs, in 1840; and, during 
 the war with Mexico, he was selected by his friend, 
 Robert J. Walker, then Secretary of the Treasury, 
 with the assent of President Polk, Financier for the 
 Government, and thus was laid the foundation of a 
 large fortune %vhich he subsequently obtained. He 
 became distinguished for his many public benefac- 
 tions, and was" the founder of the "Louise Home," 
 the "Corcoran Art Gallery," and the "Georgetown 
 Cemetery," and made many liberal endowments to 
 educational and benevolent institutions in the District 
 of Columbia and the State of Virginia. 
 
 Corley, Simeon.— Born in Lexington, South 
 Carolina ; received an English education, and was ap- 
 prenticed to a tailor ; early took pan in politics as an 
 anti slavery man ; was officially connected with one or 
 two religio"us societies ; edited a temperance paiier for 
 two years, and was a writer for otiier journals ; was 
 conscripted into the Confederate Army during the Re- 
 bellion ; was a Delegate to the Reconstruction Consti- 
 tutional Convention of South Carolina ; and was 
 
93 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 elected a Representative from South Carolina to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 State Department. His unsuccessful opponent for 
 Congress was his commander in the Confederate 
 army. 
 
 Comelison, John M. — He was born in New 
 Jersey, in 1803 ; prepared himself for the medical 
 profession, and, at the age of twenty-three, began the 
 practice of his profession in Jersey City, at which 
 time he was the only physician in Hudson County. 
 He was in early life sent to the State Legislature, 
 and was, for several j'ears. Judge of the Court of Er- 
 rors ; also Mayor of Bergen before it was consolidated 
 with Jersey City, and was, also. President of the 
 Board of Public Works of the latter place. He died 
 at his home on Bergen Heights, May 34, 1875. 
 
 Cornell, Ezekiel. — He was a Delegate from 
 Rhode Island to the Continental Congress from 1780 
 to 1783. 
 
 Cornell, Thomas, — He was born at White 
 Plains, Westchester County, New York, January 37, 
 1814 ; received a common-school education ; has been 
 engaged in the business of transportation and bank- 
 ing, and, in 1866, he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Roads and Canals and Education 
 and Labor. 
 
 Corning, Erastus. — Born in Norwich, Connecti- 
 cut, December 14. 1794. When thirteen years of age 
 he went to Troy, New York, and entered the hard- 
 ware store of his uncle, Benjamin Smith, the bulk of 
 whose property he subsequently inherited. In 1814 
 he removed to Albany and continued in the same 
 business, establishing the well-known house, still in 
 existence, of Erastus Corning & Co. His first public 
 position was that of Alderman of the City of Albany ; 
 from that he was promoted to Mayor, which office he 
 held for three years. He was also for several years 
 an influential Railroad, Bank, and Canal Company 
 President ; for several terms a member of the State 
 Legislature ; and was elected a Representative to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the Thir- 
 ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Ways and Means ; and was also a member of the 
 Peace Congress of 1861. Re-elected in 1863 to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, but resigned on account of 
 his health. In 1833 he was a Regent of the Univer- 
 sity of New York, and he was a Delegate to the State 
 Constitutional Convention of 1867. Died April 9, 
 1873. 
 
 Corwin, Fvanlil'ni, — He was born in Lebanon, 
 Ohio, January 13, 1818 ; studied law and came to the 
 bar in 1839 ; served several years in the State Legis- 
 lature of Ohio, part of the time in the Senate ; re- 
 moved to Illinois in 1857 ; elected to the Legislature 
 of that State, serving two years as Speaker ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Corwin, Moses B, — He was born in Bourbon 
 County, Kentucky, January 5, 1790 ; spent his boy- 
 hood on a farm in Ohio ; received a good education ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. In 
 1838 and 1839 he was elected to the Legislature ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 
 1849 to 1851, and from 1853 to 1855, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on the Post Office Depart- 
 ment. He was the brother of Thomas, and died at 
 Urbana, April 7, 1873. 
 
 Cone hi, Thomas, — Born in Bourbon County, 
 Kentucky, July 39, 1794. Rising from humble life, 
 
 he became distinguished as a lawyer, having come to 
 the bar in 1817 ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature 
 in 1833, and afterwards a Representative to Congress 
 from the Warren District, in 1831. He continued a 
 member of the House until 1840 ; was chosen Gov- 
 ernor of Ohio in October of that year ; and was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1844. He was Governor but 
 two years, Wilson Shannon succeeding him in 1843. 
 The Whigs having a majority in the Legislature of 
 Ohio in 1845, elected him a United States Senator, 
 which office he held till his appointment in the Cabinet, 
 in 1850, as Secretary of the Treasury, under Presi- 
 dent Fillmore. He was long known in Congress as 
 an advocate of the Whig measures of policy. As a 
 stumj) speaker and before a jury, his eloquence was 
 singularly effective. In October, 1858, he was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from Ohio, for the term 
 commencing in 1859 ; and during that year a volume 
 of his Speeches was published. He was Chairman of 
 the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special 
 Committee of Thirty-three, in the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, but in 1861 was appointed 
 by President Lincoln Minister to Mexico. After his 
 return from Mexico he resided in Washington, where 
 he died December 18, 1865. His Life and Speeches 
 were published in 1859, edited by Isaac Strohm. 
 
 Cofferal , ,J, L, T, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Alabama, from 1846 to 1847. 
 
 Cottman, Joseph S. — Bom in Somerset County, 
 Maryland, August 16, 1803 ; received a classical edu- 
 cation ; admitted to the bar in 1836 ; served in the 
 Maryland Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1849 ; and a member of Congress from 1851 to 1853. 
 Died in Somerset County, Maryland, in 1863. 
 
 Coffon, Aylett J?.— Born in Austintown, Ohio, 
 November 39, 1836 ; removed to Iowa in 1844 ; was a 
 student at Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, in 1845 ; 
 taught school in Fayette County, Tennessee, in 1846 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Clinton 
 County, Iowa, in 1848 ; crossed the Plains to Califor- 
 nia in 1849, and returned to Iowa in 1851 ; was ap- 
 pointed Judge of Clinton County in 1851 ; was Prose- 
 cuting Attorney of the same county in 1854 ; a 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention in 
 1857 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1868 
 and 1870, serving as Speaker ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on 
 the Committees on Freedmen's Affairs and the District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 Coulter, ,Tohn. — He was bom in Virginia, lib- 
 erally educated, and a lawyer by profession, and he 
 was for many years a prominent Judge of the Circuit 
 Court and the Court of Ap]ieals, in Virginia. Died 
 in Stafford County, in that State, February 2, 1838. 
 
 Coulter, Michat^d. — He attained eminence as a 
 lawyer, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1835, and died in West- 
 moreland County, Pennsylvania, April 31, 1853. At 
 the time of his death he was Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Corinfffon, Leonard, — He was born at Aquas- 
 co, Prince George County, Maryland, October 30, 
 1768. In 1793 he obtained from General Washington 
 the commission of Lieutenant of Dragoons, and joined 
 the army under General Wayne ; he distinguished 
 himself at Fort Recovery, and the battle of Miami, 
 and was honorably mentioned in the official report of 
 General Wayne. After the war he was promoted to 
 the rank of Captain, by Washington, in 1794, and re- 
 tired to the pursuits of agriculture. He was for many 
 years a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 97 
 
 was elected a Representative in Congress, from that 
 State, from 1805 to 1807. He was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Jefferson in 1809, Lieutenant-Colonel of a regi- 
 ment of cavalry, and in 1810 was in command at Fort 
 Adams, on the Mississippi, and took possession of 
 Baton Rouge, and a portion of West Florida. In 1813 
 lie was ordered to the Northern frontier, and ap- 
 pointed by President Madison Brigadi'-r-General. At 
 the battle of Williamsburg he received a mortal 
 wound while animating his men, and leading them to 
 the charge, and died at French Mills, October 13, 1813, 
 two days after his fall. His remains were removed 
 to Sac.kett's Harbor, August 13, 1820, and the place 
 of his burial is now known as Mount Covington. He 
 had the reputation of being one of the best officers in 
 the service. 
 
 Covoile, John. — Born in Westmoreland County, 
 Pennsylvania, March 17,1808; a farmer and manu- 
 facturer by occupation, and extensively engaged in 
 the coal business. He was elected, from Pennsyl- 
 vania, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also 
 re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was 
 made Chairman of a Special Committee appointed 
 to investigate certain charges made against President 
 Buchanan and his administration. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Public Expenditures. Was a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 
 1806 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and Chair- 
 man of that on Public Buildings and Grounds. In 1809 
 he was made Chairman of the Republican State Com- 
 mittee, and died at HarrLsburg, Pennsylvania, Jan- 
 uary 11, 1871. 
 
 Cofvan, Edgar. — He was born in Westmore- 
 land County, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1815. After 
 spending one year at Franklin College, Ohio, he grad- 
 uated at that institution in 1839. While yet a mere 
 boy he was thrown upon his own resources for a sup- 
 port, and until 1843 followed various em|)loyments ; 
 having been a clerk, boat-builder, school-master, and 
 a student of medicine. He subsequently studied law, 
 and practiced the profession until 1801, when he was 
 chosen a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania for 
 the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on 
 the Juciciary and Enrolled Bills, and as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and 
 those on Finance and Agriculture. He was also a 
 member of the National Committee appointed to ac- 
 company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. 
 In 1860 he was a Presidential Elector, and he was a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 vention " of 1806 ; and in January, 1807, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Johnson Minister to Austria, but 
 was not confirmed. 
 
 Coivarif Jacob P. — Born in Florence, Wash- 
 ington County, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1823 ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education at that place, and 
 in Steubenville, Ohio ; graduated at the Starling 
 Medical College in Columbus ; from 1855 to 1859 he 
 was a member of the State Legislature ; practiced his 
 profession, but became a dealer in real estate and Pres- 
 ident of a private bank ; and in 1874 he was elected a 
 Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Militia. 
 
 Coweii, Senjamin Musli, — BominMoorfield, 
 Harrison County, Ohio, August 15, 1831 ; son of B. 
 S. Cowen, formerly a Representative in Congress ; 
 educated at the St. Clairsville Institute ; studied med- 
 icine, but never practiced ; was a practical printer 
 and publisher for ten years ; was a Delegate to the 
 
 National Republican Convention of 1856 ; was chosen 
 Chief Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives in 
 1860 ; at the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861, 
 he enlisted in the Volunteer Army, and became an 
 additional paymaster, serving under McClellau and 
 Rosecrans ; in the same year he was elected Secre- 
 tary of State, but resigned in 1862 : was appointed 
 Adjutant-General of Ohio in 1864, and served as such 
 for four years, receiving three brevets. Was also an 
 Inspector of Military Prisons. He subsequently went 
 into the iron and coal business at Bellaire ; was a 
 Delegate to the National Philadelphia Convention of 
 1866, and the Chicago Convention of 1868, of which 
 he was Secretary ; and in 1871 was.ayipointed Assist- 
 ant Secretary of the Interior Department. He was 
 also a leading member of the Republican Committee 
 of Ohio, and Chairman of the State Committee. 
 
 Cowen, Senjamin Spragiie. — Born in 
 Washington County, New York, September 27, 1793 ; 
 was raised on a farm and self-educated ; he taught 
 school, studied medicine, and served as a soldier in 
 the War of 1812 ; removed to Ohio in 1820 ; practiced 
 medicine for a time, and then came to the bar in 1829 ; 
 was editor of a newspaper from 1836 to 1840 ; Dele- 
 gate to the Harrisburg Convention in 1839 ; elected a 
 Representative in Congress in 1840, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Claims, and was the mover 
 of the One Hour rule ; was again elected to Congress 
 in 1844, and was Chairman of the Committee ou 
 Finance ; secured the passage of the resolution in the 
 Ohio Legislature, in favor of expunging the resolu- 
 tion of censure of John Quincy Adams ; from 1841, 
 he was President Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. During the Rebellion, he assisted the Govern- 
 ment with zeal in various capacities ; and he was for 
 many years President of a local Bible Society. Died 
 at St. Clairsville, Ohio, September 27, 1869. His son, 
 B. R. Cowen, is Assistant Secretary of the Interior 
 Department ; and the eminent jurist and author, 
 Esek Cowen, was his brother. 
 
 Cowen, Esek. — He was born in New York in 
 1788 ; received a good education, and adopted the pro- 
 fession of la.w ; Avas for many years a prominent 
 Judge of the Superior Court of New York, and diedl 
 at Albany, February 11, 1844. He was the author of 
 " Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace of New 
 York," 1844 ; "New Y'ork Reports," 1824 to 1830; 
 " Digested Index of Reports," 1831; and edited 
 " Phillipps on Evidence," 1850. 
 
 Cowles, Edward J*.— He was born in Canaan, 
 Litchfield County, Connecticut, in January, 1815;. 
 graduated at Yale College in 1836 ; studied law. and 
 came to the bar in 1839 ; settled in the City of New 
 Y'ork in 1853 ; was soon appointed Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court, and re-appointed after one full term; 
 and sul>sequeutly resumed the practice of his i:)rofes- 
 sion. He went to California for his health, and on 
 his return died at Chicago, Illinois-, in December, 
 1874. 
 
 Coivles, George W, — He was elected »> Repre- 
 sentative from New Y'oi'k to the Forty-first Congress,, 
 serving on the Committees on the District of Colum- 
 bia and the Navy Department. 
 
 Coivles, Henry S. — Born at Hartford, Connec- 
 ticut, March 18, 1798. When eleven years old he 
 removed to Dutchess County, New York, with his 
 father, and graduated at Union College in 1816. He 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819 ; in 
 1826, 1827, and 1828, he served as a member of the 
 New Y'ork Legislature from Putnam County, and 
 during his first term was Chairman of the Select 
 Committee raised to investigate the " Astor Claim ; " 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from New 
 
PS 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 York from 1829 to 1831. In 1834 he took up liis res- 
 idence in tlie City of New York, where he continued 
 in the practice of his profession. 
 
 Cox, Christopher C. — He was born in Balti- 
 more, Maryland, August 16, 1816 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1835 ; received a master's degree in 1838 ; 
 ■was made a Doctor of Laws by Trinity College in 1867 ; 
 was appointed Commissioner of Pensions in 1868 ; a 
 member of the Board of Health in 1871, acting as 
 President of the Board for several years. His special 
 line of study was medicine, and he practiced both as 
 a physician and a surgeon ; was for one year a Pro- 
 fessor in one of the Philadelphia colleges ; served as 
 President of a Medical Society ; as a Surgeon in the 
 army during the Rebellion ; was Surgeon-General of 
 the State of Maryland ; and before the close of the 
 war he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Maryland. 
 Has been a frequent writer for the press. 
 
 Cox, Jacob Dolson, — He was born of Ameri- 
 can parents in Montreal, Canada, October 27, 18i8 ; 
 spent his boyhood in the City of New York, and re- 
 moved to Ohio in 1846 ; was educated at Oberlin Col- 
 lege, where he graduated in 1851 ; he studied law, anij 
 came to the bar in 1853 ; was elected to the State 
 Senate in 1859 ; during the earlier stage of the Rebel- 
 lion, while holding a State commission, he took an 
 active and important part in raising troops for the 
 ■war, and was in May, 1861, appointed a Brigadier- 
 General of the Ohio Volunteers ; as such, he was in 
 the battles of Gauley Bridge, South Mountain, and 
 Antietam, where he acquitted himself with distinc- 
 tion, and for which services he was promoted to the 
 rank of Major-General. He subsequently joined Gen- 
 eral Sherman with the Army of the Ohio, and had 
 command of an important Division, and won fresh 
 honors in the campaign against Atlanta, and in the 
 campaign of Franklin and Nashville. After the war, 
 he resigned his commission in the army, and entered 
 upon the practice of law in Cincinnati ; was chosen 
 Governor of Ohio for the years 1866 and 1867; de- 
 clined the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 
 tendered to him by President Johnson in 1868 ; and on 
 March 5, 1869, he was appointed Secretary of the In- 
 terior Department, but only remained in office about 
 one year. 
 
 CoX; fTames, — He was a native of Monmouth 
 County, New Jersey, having been born in 1753 ; sev- 
 eral years a member of the State Legislature, and 
 Speaker of the Assembly ; commanded a company of 
 Militia in the Revolution, having been engaged in the 
 battles of Germantown and Monmouth ; was subse- 
 quently a Brigadier-General of Militia ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from New Jersey during 
 the years 1809 and 1810. Died September 12, 1810. 
 
 Cox, LeaiMler M. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and removing to Kentucky, was elected a Represent- 
 ative from that State to the Thirty -third and Thirty- 
 fourth Congre.sses. He served as a Captain in the 
 Mexican War; was Grand Master of the Order of 
 Freemasons in 1843 ; and a Presidential Elector in 
 1853. 
 
 Cot, Samuel S, — He was born in Zanesville, 
 Ohio. September 30, 1824 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
 versity, 1846 ; adopted the profession of law, and was 
 also au editor in Ohio of tlie Columbus Statesman ; he 
 was appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru in 1855 ; 
 and elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as Chair- 
 man o'f the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. As 
 an author, he published a book of foreign travel, 
 called " The Buckeye Abroad," and on literary topics 
 is an occasional lecturer. He was elected to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 
 on Foreign Aifairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. He 
 was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, to 
 serve until December, 1805, and a Delegate to the 
 " Chicago Convention " in 1864. On his retirement 
 from Congress he settled in the City of New York, 
 and in 1865, published a political work entitled 
 " Eight Years in Congress." He -ivas a Delegate ahso 
 to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 
 1866, and the New York Convention of 1868. 
 From New York he was returned to the Forty-lirst 
 Congress, and re-elected to the three subsequent Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
 Banking, the Centennial, and Rules. At the opening 
 of the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress, he 
 was one of the three Candidates for the Speakership, 
 but M. C. Kerr was the successful competitor. In 1869 
 he visited Europe for his health, and published a suc- 
 cessful work, entitled "A Search for Winter Sun- 
 beams." In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Banking and Currency. 
 
 Coxe, Tetrch, — Born in Philadelphia, May 22, 
 1755 ; became a partner in business with his father in 
 1776 ; was a Commissioner to the Federal Convention 
 at Annapolis, in 1786 ; was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress in 1788 ; Assistant Secretary of the 
 Treasury in 1790 ; Commissioner of the Revenue in 
 1792 ; and Purveyor of the Public Supplies from 1803 
 to 1812 ; hi.s sympathies were on the side of England 
 during the Revolution. He published several valu- 
 able works on the Commerce and Manufactures of the 
 United States. Died in PhQadelphia, July 17, 1824. 
 
 Coxe, Willi am. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey, from 1813 to 1815 ; served 
 in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of 
 the As.sembly ; and died in Burlington. 
 
 Cozzens, William C. — He was elected Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor of Rhode Island in 1862, but soon after- 
 wards acted as Governor, remaining in that capacity 
 until 1863. 
 
 Crabb, George W. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama, 
 from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Crabb, ,Teremiah. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland, from 1795 to 1796. 
 
 Cradlebauffh, John. — He was born in Ohio ; 
 elected a Delegate from the Territory of Nevada to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress ; and subsequently ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for the Territory of Utah. 
 
 Crafts, Samuel C. — He was bom in Windham 
 County, Connecticut ; and graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1790. His father effected the settlement 
 of Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the organization 
 of the town in 1792, Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen 
 Town Clerk, and held the office for thirty -seven suc- 
 cessive years. He was the youngest Delegate to the 
 Convention for revising the State Constitution in 
 1793. In 1796, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he was 
 elected a member of the House of Representatives of 
 the State. From 1796 to 1815 he was Register of 
 Probate for Orleans District. In 1798 and 1799 he 
 was Clerk of the House of Representatives. From 
 1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to 1827, he -n-as a member 
 of the Executive Council. In 1800 he was appointed 
 a Judge of Orleans County Court, and remained such 
 till 1816, during the last six years as Chief Judge. 
 From 1825 to 1828 he was again Chief Judge, and 
 from 1836 to 1838 Clerk of the Court. In 1816 
 he was elected Representative in Congress, and 
 served for that and the three succeeding terms — 
 that is, from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. In 1828 he was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 09 
 
 elected Governor of Vermont, and was re-elected in 
 1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was President of the Con- 
 stitutional Convention. In 1842 he was appointed by 
 Governor Paine, and afterwards elected by the Legis- 
 lature, a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term 
 of one year. He thus filled every office in the gift of 
 Vermont. He died in Craftsbury, Vermont, Novem- 
 ber 19, 1853, aged eighty-four years. 
 
 Cragin, Aaron H. — Born in Weston, Vermont, 
 February 3, 1821 ; adverse circumstances prevented 
 him from obtaining a collegiate education ; but hav- 
 ing studied law came to the bar in Albany, New 
 York, in 1847, and the same year removed to Leba- 
 non, New Hampshire, and practiced his profession. 
 He was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature 
 from 1852 to 1855 ; was elected a Representative from 
 that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Print- 
 ing. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the same Committees. In 1859 he was 
 again elected a member of the State Legislature ; and 
 in 1860 was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " 
 which nominated Abraham Lincoln. In 18G4 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire, 
 for the term of .six years from I860, serving on the 
 Committees on Naval Affairs, Territories, the Pacific 
 Railroad, and Engrossed Bills ; and was also a Dele- 
 gate to tlie Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 
 1866. He was subsequently made Chairman of the 
 Committee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate. 
 Re-elected for the term ending in 1877, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Ct'aig, Hector. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825, and 
 again from 1839 to 1830. 
 
 CrnAg, tfames, — Born in Pennsylvania about 
 1820 ; a lawyer by profession ; and was a member of 
 the Missouri Legislature in 1847 ; was a Captain of 
 a Volunteer Company in the Mexican War ; Circuit 
 Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Missouri 
 from 1853 to 1856 ; and was a Representative in the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress from Missouri, serving on the 
 Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was 
 also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads ; 
 was appointed a Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 
 1862, and employed in the West. 
 
 Craig, John D. — He was born in Ireland, but 
 his father was an American ; and in 1837 he was ap- 
 pointed Superintendent or Commissioner of the Pa- 
 tent Office, remaining in the office only about one 
 year. 
 
 Craig, Robert. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from tliat State 
 from 1839 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1841. 
 
 Crnige, Surton. — Born in Rowan County, 
 North Carolina, March 13, 1811 ; graduated at Chapel 
 Ilill in 1839 ; is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature in 1883 and 1834 ; and 
 was elected to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the 
 Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 
 as a member of the Confederate Congress. Died at 
 Concord, North Carolina, December 30, 1875. 
 
 CraiTe, William. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1801. 
 
 CrameVf John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837 ; having 
 
 been a Presidential Elector in 1805 ; elected to the 
 State Constitutional Convention in 1821, and having 
 served three years in the Assembly and three years 
 in the Senate of the State of New York. Died in 
 Waterford, New York, June 1, 1870, aged ninety-two 
 years. 
 
 Cramer, SI. J. — He was a citizen of Kentucky, 
 and in 1870 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Denmark, and was in office in 1875. 
 
 Cranch, JFiUiam. — Born at Weymouth, Mas- 
 sachusetts, July 17, 1769 ; graduated at Harvard 
 L^uiversity in 1787, in the class with his first cousin, 
 J. Q. Adams; studied law, was admiited to the 
 bar in July, 1790; practiced in Braintree and in 
 Haverhill, but removed to Washington in 1794. In 
 1801 he was appointed by President Adams (his 
 brother- in-law), on the last night of his administra- 
 tion. Junior Assistant Judge of the Circuit Court of 
 the District of Columbia, of which he was Chief 
 Ju.stiee from 1805 to 1855. In these fifty-five years, 
 but two of his decisions were overruled. He pub- 
 lished nine volumes of " Reports of United States 
 Supreme Court," and six volumes of " Reports of 
 Circuit Court of District of Columbia," from 1801 
 to 1841 ; lie also prepared a code of laws for the 
 District, published a memoir of John Adams, 8vo, 
 in 1827. He was a member of the Academy of 
 Arts and Sciences. Died in Washington, District 
 of Columbia, September 1, 1855. He was the father 
 of John, an artist ; Christopher, a poet ; Edward, a 
 lawyer; William G., an examiner of patents; and 
 he had two daughters, who married Rufns Dawes, 
 the poet, and Erastus Brooks, the journalist. 
 
 Crane, Joseph J/^.— Born in Elizabethtown, 
 New Jersey ; studied law ; was for many years Presi- 
 dent Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1829 
 to 1837 ; and died at Dayton, Ohio, November 13, 
 1852, aged seventy years. 
 
 Crane, Stephen. — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jer.sey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. 
 
 Cranston, Henry Y. — Born in Newport, Rhode 
 Island, October 9, 1789 ; received a limited education ; 
 worked at a trade for five years from the age of twelve, 
 then commenced the business of commission merchant; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in three 
 years. In 1818 he was elected Clerk of the Court of 
 Common Pleas, and held the office until 1833 ; he 
 was for twenty-five years annually elected Moderator 
 for the town of Newport ; was a member of the 
 several Conventions for framing and remodeling tlie 
 State Constitution, and was Vice-President of the 
 Convention in 1842. From 1837 to 1843 he was a 
 member of the lower branch of the Legislature, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847, 
 when he was returned to the Legislature, and was 
 several times Speaker of that body, until 1854, after 
 which time he lived in retirement. Died at New- 
 port, February 13, 1864. 
 
 Cranston, Robert B. — He was born In Rhode 
 Island, and was a Representative in Congress, from 
 that State, from 1837 to 1843. and again from 1847 to 
 1849. In 1864 he %vas a Presidential Elector. Died 
 at Newport, January 37, 1873, aged eighty-two years. 
 
 Crapo, Henri/ H. — He was born in Dartmouth, 
 Massachusetts, May 34,1804; resided for many years 
 in New Bedford, from which place he removed to 
 Michigan in 1857 ; became extensively engaged in 
 the manufacture and sale of lumber ; was for a time 
 Mayor of Flint, where he resided ; served in the 
 State Senate ; and was twice elected Governor of the 
 
100 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 State — in 1864 and 1866 — performing- important ser- 
 vices during tlie progress of the Rebellion, all of 
 which the reader will find fully set forth in that por- 
 tion of this volume devoted to the part which Michi- 
 gan took in the war for the Union. Died in Flint, 
 July 23. 1869. 
 
 Crapo, IVilHam W, — Born at Dartmouth, 
 Massachusetts, May 16, 1830 ; educated at the public 
 schools of New Bedford, at Phillips Academy, Ando- 
 ver, and at Yale College, where he graduated in 1853 ; 
 studied law, and practiced the profession in New 
 Bedford ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature in 1857, and in 1875 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the place 
 of James Bufiinton, who died before taking his seat 
 in that Congress, to which he had been elected. 
 
 Crai'y, Isaac E. — He was born in Preston, New 
 London County, Connecticut ; received a good Eng- 
 lish education ; adopted the profession of law, and 
 removed to the Territory of Michigan ; was there ap- 
 pointed a General of Militia ; was elected a Delegate 
 to Congress from the Territory iu 1835 and 1836 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress, from that State,' 
 from the time of its admission into the Union in 1836 
 to 1841. He died in Marshall, Michigan, May 8, 18.54. 
 
 Cravens, flames ^1.— Bom in Rockingham 
 County, Virginia, November 4, 1818 ; removed with 
 his father to Indiana iu 1830 ; spent his boyhood in 
 Washington County, where he received a common- 
 school education, and devoted much of his life to 
 agricultural pursuits, and especially to the raising of 
 the best breeds of cattle. In 1841 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector. He served as a Major in the Mexi- 
 can War under General Taylor, and was present at 
 the battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 and 1849 he was 
 elected to the Legislature of Indiana ; in 1850 elected 
 to the State Senate, serving three years ; in 1854 he 
 was commissioned a Brigadier-General of Militia ; 
 frequently presided over the Board of School Trus- 
 tees for his township; was Vice President and Presi- 
 dent of the Washington and Orange Counties Agri- 
 cultural Societies ; iu 1859 he was appointed by the 
 Legislature of Indiana to the important position of 
 Agent for the State, which he resigned, and iu 1860 
 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Territories. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Territories. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866, 
 and also to the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Cravens, iTames H. — He was born in Rocking- 
 ham County, Virginia, in 1798 ; in early life re- 
 moved to Indiana, and settled in Ripley County ; held 
 a number of important local olfices in the Stale ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from ludiaua, from 
 1841 to 1843. He was suljsequently a candidate of the 
 Free-soil party for the office of Governor, but was 
 unsuccessful ; and he served as Colonel of an ludiaua 
 regiment during the war for the suppression of the 
 Rebellion. 
 
 Crawford, George IF.— Born in Columbia 
 County, Georgia, December 23, 1798. He graduated at 
 Princeton in 1830 ; studied law, and commenced the 
 practice at Augusta in 1833. In 1827 he was elected At- 
 torney-General, and continued in that ofHee until 1831 ; 
 he was in the State Legislature from 1837 to 1813 ; and 
 in 1843 was elected to Congress to fill a vacancy. 
 He was elected Governor of the State in 1843, aud re- 
 elected in 1845. He was a member of President Tay- 
 lor's Cabinet as Secretary of War, and subsequently 
 visited Europe, after which time he lived in retire- 
 ment in Georgia. 
 
 Crawford, Joel. — Born in Columbia County, 
 Georgia, June 15, 1783. He was educated by private 
 tutors ; became a student of law, and was admitted 
 to practice in 1808. In 1813 he joined the army of 
 General Floyd, and served through the whole cam- 
 paign as Aid-de-camp to the General. After the war 
 he resumed the practice of his profession ; served 
 tliree years in the State Legislature, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1817 
 to 1831. Died April 5, 1858. 
 
 Crawford, Martin J, — He was born in Jas- 
 per County, Georgia, March 17, 1830 ; was educated 
 at the Mercer University ; is a lawyer by profession, 
 and was a member of the Georgia Legislature from 
 1845 to 1847. In 1853 he was appointed Judge of the 
 Superior Court for the Chattahoochee Circuit, and was 
 elected a member of the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
 fifth Congresses, serving in the last on the Commit- 
 tees on ^^'ays and Means and Roads and Canals. He 
 was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, still 
 serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. 
 Withdrew in 1861, aud joined the great Rebellion of 
 that year as a member of the Rebel Congress, and was 
 a Commissioner to Washington. 
 
 Crawford, S. J. — He was Governor of Kansas 
 from 1864 to 1869. 
 
 Crawford, T/ionias. — Born in New York City, 
 March 33, 1814 ; early manifested a taste for art, in 
 which he was encouraged by his father, and instruct- 
 ed in drawing, carving, and modeling iu clay. In 
 1834 he went to Italy, and was under the care of 
 Thorwaldsen ; after a few years he established his 
 studio in Rome ; among the noblest of his works are 
 his statue in bronze of Beethoven, at Boston ; his 
 Washington, erected at the Capitol iu Richmond ; and 
 a bust of Josiah Quincy, placed in Harvard Univer- 
 sity ; in 1839 he designed his " Orpheus," which, with 
 his " Hebe and Ganymede," is in the Athenaeum at 
 Boston ; " Sappho " and " Vesta," and many religious 
 subjects were executed with great taste. He visited 
 America in 1844, 1849, and 1856. He received from 
 Congress a commission to furnish marble and bronze 
 statuary for the new Capitol at Washington, which 
 resulted in the design of the colossal statue on the 
 Ijinnacle, "The Genius of America," furnished by 
 Mills, in bronze, and now known as the statue of 
 Freedom or Liberty. He was also commissioned to 
 design a bronze door for the Senate. He suffered 
 from a malignant tumor of the eye which nearly de- 
 prived him of sight, and caused him to renounce his 
 art with many works unfinished. He finished sixty 
 works, many of them colossal, and left about fifty 
 sketches in plaster, and other designs. He died iu 
 London, England, October 10, 1857. 
 
 Crawford, Thotnas Hartley, — Born at Cham- 
 bersburg, Pennsylvania, November 14, 1786. He grad- 
 uated at Princeton College iu 1804 ; studied law for 
 three years, and was admitted to the bar iu 18U7 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylva- 
 nia from 1839 to 1833. During the last year named, 
 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1836 he 
 was appointed a Commissioner to investigate certain 
 alleged frauds in the purchase of the reservation of 
 land of the Creek Indians ; in 1838 he was appointed 
 by President Van Buren Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs, and took up his residence in Washington, 
 holding that office for seven years ; and in 1845 he 
 was appointed by President Polk Judge of the 
 Criminal Court of the District of Columbia, which 
 arduous position he occupied until hisd eath, whicli//' / 
 took place in Washington, January 37, 1863. ^J 
 
 Crawford, William,, — He was born in Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland, iu 1760 ; after studying medicine, 
 
 / .:■-■..■ :,. . "..::, ....-Ttr 
 
 '.- av^-^ tV*^ "he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 101 
 
 emigrated to the United States and settled in Marsh 
 Creek, Adams County, Pennsjlvania, where he was the 
 pioneer physician ; became interested in politics and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1817 ; 
 was tendered the appoiutmefit of Postmaster of Bal- 
 timore by President Madison, but declined it ; and he 
 died on his farm in 1833. 
 
 Crawford, William. — Born in Virginia ; re- 
 moved to Alabama in 1810 ; held a number of Feder- 
 al and State offices ; was Receiver of Moneys for 
 Public Lands ; a Commissioner to settle certain 
 claims under a treaty with England, France, and 
 Spain ; was elected to the State Senate ; United States 
 District Attorney for Alabama ; and was Judge of 
 the United States District Court for Alabama. Died 
 at Mobile, April 28, 1849. 
 
 Crawford, William H. — Born in Amherst 
 County, Virginia, February 34, 1773, and with his 
 father settled in Georgia in 1783. He received an 
 academical education, and subsequently had the man- 
 agement of Richmond Academy. He studied law and 
 took a high position as a lawyer, and in 1790 was ap- 
 pointed to prepare a Digest of the Laws of Georgia. 
 A conspiracy having been organized to drive him from 
 the bar, he was challenged by a man named Van 
 Allen, whom he killed at the first fire. He served 
 four years in the State Legislature, and was a Sena- 
 tor in Congress from Georgia from 1807 to 1813, and 
 during a part of the Twelfth Congress officiated as 
 President pro tern, of the Senate. President Madison 
 invited him into his Cabinet as Secretary of War, but 
 he declined the honor, accepting, instead, the post of 
 Minister to France, in 1813 ; on his return, however, 
 at the end of two years, he went into the War De- 
 partment. In 1817 he was appointed by President 
 Monroe Secretary of the Treasury, where he served 
 with marked ability until 1835, during which year he 
 received a flattering vote for President of the United 
 States. In 1837 he was appointed Judge of the 
 Northern Circuit of Georgia, which office he held un- 
 til his death, which occurred in Albert County, Geor- 
 gia, September 15, 1834. 
 
 Creamer, Thomas J. — He was born in Ire- 
 land, Maj' 36, 1843 ; educated in the common schools 
 of New York ; engaged in mercantile business ; was 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1864, 1865, and 
 1866 ; to the State Senate in 1867 and 1869 ; was ap- 
 pointed Tax Commissioner for New York City in 
 1869, serving until 1873 ; was President of tlie Young 
 Democrats' General Committee in 1870 ; Delegate to 
 the Baltimore National Convention in 1873 ; and 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Crebs, John M, — Born in Middleburg, Loudon 
 County, Virginia, April 7, 1830 ; went with his pa- 
 rents to Illinois in 1837 ; received a common-school 
 education, and during his minority worked upon a 
 farm ; at the age of twenty-one he commenced the 
 study of law, and settled in White County, Illinois, 
 where he practiced the profession ; in 1803, he entered 
 the Volunteer Army as a Lieutenant-Colonel ; par- 
 ticipated in all the Mississippi movements until the 
 capture of Vicksburg, and was also in the Arkansas 
 campaign, commanding a brigade of cavalry in the 
 Department of the Gulf ; and after the war he re- 
 turned to his profession. In 1868, he was elected a 
 Representative from Illinois to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture, and 
 was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Creelfl, John V, — He was born in Philadelphia, 
 November 14, 1839 ; received a classical education ; 
 studied law ; served through the late Rebellion in the 
 
 army as an officer of light artillery ; was a member 
 of the Councils of Philadelphia for four years ; and 
 was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Creighton, William, — Born in Berkeley 
 County, Virginia, October 39, 1778 ; graduated at 
 Dickinson College when quite young ; studied law 
 and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty ; 
 and in 1798 he settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, devoting 
 himself to his profession, and holding many positions 
 of public trust. He was the first Secretary of State 
 for Ohio ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1813 to 1817, and again from 
 1837 to 1833. Died at Chillicothe, October 8,1851, 
 having for many years previously declined all public 
 
 Creighton, William, Jr, — He was a citizen 
 of Ohio ; liberally educated, and a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; and he was appointed United States Judge for 
 the District of Ohio. 
 
 CresweU, John A, J, — Was born in Port De- 
 posit, Cecil County. Maryland, November 18, 1828; 
 graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 
 1848 ; studied law and came to the bar of Maryland 
 in 1850. He was a member of the Maryland Hou.se 
 of Delegates in 1861 and 1862. Fnmi A'ugust, 1862, 
 to April, 1863, he was an Assistant Adjutant-General 
 for Maryland, and was elected a Representative from 
 Maryland to the Thirty-eighth Congre.'ss, serving on 
 the Committees on Commerce and Invalid Pensions. 
 He was also a Delegate to Ihe Baltimore Convention 
 of 1864. In March, 1865, he was chosen a Senator in 
 Congress for the unexpired term of T. H. Hicks, de- 
 ceased, serving on the Committees on Agriculture 
 and Mines and Mining, and as Chairman of tlie Com- 
 mittee on the Library. By request of the House of 
 Representatives, he delivered an Eulogy on bis 
 friend and colleague Henry Winter Davis, on Feb- 
 ruary 33, 1866. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, the 
 " Border States' Convention," held in Baltimore in 
 1867 ; and the Chicago Convention of 1868. In May, 
 1868, he was elected Secretary of the United States 
 Senate, but declined. On March 5, 1869, entered the 
 Cabinet of President Grant as Postmaster- Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 CrisfleldfJohtl W, — Was born in Kent County, 
 Maryland, November 6, 1808 ; received his educa- 
 tion' at Washington College, Chestertown ; studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; settled in 
 the practice of his profession, in Somerset County ; 
 was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1836 ; he 
 was a Representative in Congress frcmi Maryland, 
 from 1847 to 1849 ; in 1850 he was a Delegate to the 
 State Constitutional Convention ; in 1861 he was a 
 Delegate to the Peace Congress ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands 
 and on Public Expenditures. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
 Crist, Henry, — Was horn in Virginia in 1764 ; 
 removed with liis father to Pennsylvania during the 
 Revolutionary War ; in 1788 he became extensively 
 engaged in the manufacture of salt in Bullitt County, 
 Kentucky ; the company was attacked by a party of In- 
 dians, and during the bloody conflict he was wounded 
 in the foot, and made his escape by crawling night and 
 day, being four days without food ; he was rescued 
 by a workman from the salt licks, but was disabled 
 for a year in consequence of his injuries. He was a 
 member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1795 ; a 
 State Senator from 1800 to 1804, and a Representa- 
 
103 
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tive from Kentucky iu Congress from 1809 to 1811. 
 He died in Bullitt County in 1844. 
 
 Critcher, John. — He was born in Westmore- 
 land County, Virginia, Marcli 11, 1830 ; graduated at 
 the University of Virginia in 1839 ; studied three 
 years at the University of France ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; was elected to the Senate of Virginia 
 and tlie State Convention of 1861 ; served during the 
 war as Lieutenant-Colonel of Cavalry ; was appointed 
 Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Virginia ; 
 and was elected to tlie Forty-second Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Coins and Coinage. 
 
 Crittenden, 'John J. — He was horn hi Wood- 
 ford County, Kentucky, in September, 1786. When 
 quite young he entered the army, and during the 
 War of 1813 served as Major under General Hopkin.s, 
 in his expedition, and was Aid-de-camp to Governor 
 Shelby, at the battle of the Thames. After adopting 
 the profession of law, he served a number of years in 
 the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the 
 House ; he entered Congress as a member of the 
 Senate from Kentucky, in 1817, serving then but 
 two years. From 1819 to 1835 he continued in tlip 
 practice of his profession, residing principally at 
 Frankfort, and again occasionally representing his 
 county in the State Legislature. In 1835 he was 
 again elected to the United States Senate, and con- 
 tinued to serve in that body until March, 1841, when 
 he was appointed Attorney-General by President Har- 
 rison. In September, 1841, he resigned with the 
 other members of the Cabinet, except Mr. Webster, 
 and retired to private life, from which, however, he 
 was soon called by the Legislature to resume his seat 
 in the United States Senate, in 1843, iu the place of 
 Henry Clay, resigned. He was also elected a Senator 
 for another term of six years, from March, 1843 ; but, 
 in 1848, having received the Whig nomination for 
 Governor of Kentucky, he retired from the Senate, 
 and was elected to that oflSce, which he held until 
 his appointment as Attorney-General by President 
 Fillmore, in July, 1850. He was again elected to the 
 United States Senate in 1855, for the term ending iu 
 1861, and was, when he retired, the oldest member 
 of that body. He was elected in 1860 a Representa- 
 tive from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving, as he had always done in the Senate, on the 
 more important Committees, and a Compromise meas- 
 ure which he originated has passed into history bear- 
 ing his name. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, July 
 25, 1863. His life was subsequently published In 
 two volumes by one of his daughters. 
 
 Crittenden, Thomas T. — He was born in Shel- 
 by County, Kentucky, January 3, 1834 ; graduated at 
 Centre College in 1855 ; studied law at Frankfort ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was appointed At- 
 torney-General of Missouri iu 1864, to fill out an un- 
 expired term, and was elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress from Missouri, serving on the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Croeheron, Henri/,— He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Croeheron, Jacob. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1831. In 
 1837 he was a Presidential Elector. 
 
 Crocker, Alvah. — Born at Leominster, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 14, 1801 ; entered a factory at eight 
 years of age ; received an academic education ; be- 
 came proprietor of a paper manufactory ; was Presi- 
 dent of the Boston and Fitchburg Railroad ; a Com- 
 missioner of the Hoosac Tunnel ; was a member of 
 the State Legislature in 1836, 1843, and 1843 ; was a 
 member of the State Senate two terms ; was elected 
 
 to the Forty-second Congress, to fill the vacancy oc- 
 casioned by the resignation of William B. Washbui-n 
 in 1873 ; and was re-elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on several Committees. Died in Fitch- 
 burg, December 36, 1874. 
 
 Crocker, Samuel L, — Was bom in Taunton, 
 Massachusetts, March 31, 1804 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1833 ; held various municipal offices ; 
 and in 1849 was elected a member of the Executive 
 Council of Massachusetts ; was devoted to the man- 
 ufacturing business ; and was a Representative from 
 Massachusetts to the Thirty-third Congress. 
 
 Crockett, David. — Bom in Greene County, Ten- 
 nessee, August 17, 1786, of Irish descent, his father 
 having fought in the Revolutionary War. He com- 
 menced the active duties of life when twelve years 
 old, by turning drover, and, instead of going to 
 school, he chose the fortunes of an adventurer. He 
 served under General Jackson, in some of the Indian 
 wars, as a Colonel, and became, for a time, his fast 
 friend. He had a natural bias for politics, and his 
 .smartness and eccentricities made him very popular 
 on the frontiers, and caused him to be elected to the 
 Legislature of Tennessee. He was fond of the woods, 
 and had no equal as a bear-hunter. He was elected 
 to Congress in 1837 from Tennessee, and served until 
 1831, and then again in 1833, serving until 1835. 
 While in Washington he was always at his post of 
 duty, never forgetting the welfare of his constituents, 
 and he was one of the most popular men in Congress. 
 The most striking features of his disposition and 
 mind were, tmdoubtedly, of a whimsical character ; 
 but behind these there was much to command respect 
 and admiration. He told stories or related his wild 
 adventures with wonderful effect. He was killed at 
 the Alamo, Texas, March 1, 1836. In 1835 he pub- 
 lished a " Tour to the North and Down East," and in 
 1847 appeared a volume about him, entitled " Sketch- 
 es and Eccentricities." 
 
 Crockett, J oh n W. — He was the son of the cel- 
 ebrated David Crockett, a Representative in Congress 
 from Tennessee from 1838 to 1843, and died at Mem- 
 phis, November 34, 1853. 
 
 Crooke, Phili}) S. — He was born in Pough- 
 keepsie. New York, March 3, 1810 ; educated at the 
 Dutchess Academy, at Poughkeepsie ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar iu 1831 ; located at Flatbush in 
 1838 ; was elected a Presidential Elector in 18.53 ; a 
 member of the State Legislature in 1863 ; was a Su- 
 pervisor of Kings County from 1844 to 1870, and 
 chairman of the Board four- years ; served forty years 
 in the National Guard of the State of New York, 
 from private to Brigadier-General ; commanded the 
 Fifth Brigade iu Pennsylvania, iu 1863 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Education and Labor. 
 
 Croshie, Henri/ H. — He was appointed an As- 
 sociate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City, but 
 the precise date is not known to the compiler. 
 
 Crosby, Elisha O, — He was a citizen of New 
 York, and in 1801 appointed Minister Resident to 
 Guatemala, where he remained until 1864, when he 
 returned to the United States. 
 
 Crosby, William G. — He was bom In Maine, 
 and was Governor of that State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Cross, Edirard. — He was born in Tennessee ; 
 was appointed United States Judge for the Territory 
 of Arkansas ; and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from 1839 to 1845. 
 
BIOQKAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 103 
 
 Crossfatlfl, Edirard, — He was born in Hick- 
 man County, Kentucky, June 30, 1827 ; studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1853 ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature in 1857 ; elected Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas in the First District, in 
 1867, for six years, and resigned in 1870 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on Agriculture 
 and Elections. 
 
 Crouch, Edward. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 CrouHse, Lorenzo. — He was bom in Schoharie 
 County, New York, January 27, 1834 ; received an 
 academical education ; removed in 1855 to Mont- 
 gomery County, New York, and there engaged in the 
 practice of law ; raised a battery of artillery in 18U1, 
 and entered the army as Captain ; was wounded, and 
 resigned after a year's service ; removed in 1865 to 
 Nebraska Territory ; was a member of the Territorial 
 Legislature in 1866, and assisted in framing its pres- 
 ent State Constitution ; was elected Associate Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court, and entered upon his du- 
 ties in 1867, when Nebraska was admitted into the 
 Union ; at the expiration of his term on the bench, 
 he was elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committees 
 on Territories and the Militia. 
 
 Crotrell, .ToJiii. — Bom in Halifax County, Ala- 
 bama ; was chosen Delegate to Congress when the 
 Territory of Alabama was established in 1817, and 
 served till 1819, when the State Constitution was 
 formed, and he was elected first Representative to 
 Congress, serving till 1831, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Private Laud Claims. Soon afterwards 
 he was appointed Agent for the Creek Indians, then 
 inhabitiiig large portions of Alabama and Georgia, 
 and exercised extensive influence over them, until 
 their removal west of the Mississippi, in 1836. He 
 died near Fort Mitchell, Alabama, June 25, 1846. 
 
 Crotvell, John. — He was born in Connecticut, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio 
 from 1847 to 1851, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Crowninshield, Benjamin If. — Born in Es- 
 sex County, Massachusetts, in 1774. He filled with gen- 
 eral acceptance the office of Secretary of the Navy, 
 to which he was appointed in December, 1814, by 
 President Madison, and served until his resignation, 
 in November, 1818. In 1830 he was also a Presi- 
 dential Elector. In 1833 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from the Salem District of 
 Massachusetts, and continued in that position until 
 1831. He died in Boston, February 8, 1851. 
 
 CrotvninsJiield, Jacob. — He was a member 
 of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1801, and was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Massa- 
 chusetts, from 1803 to 1805 ; and appointed Secretary 
 of the Navy by President Jefferson, March 3, 1805. 
 Died April 14, 1808. •'■ '- •='-— '• 
 
 Croxfon, John T. — He was a citizen of Ken- 
 tucky, and appointed Minister Resident to Bolivia in 
 
 1873. 
 
 Crozier, John IT. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, end- 
 ing in 1849. 
 
 Crtldup, Josiah. — He was born in Wake 
 County, North Carolina ; a Representative in Con- 
 gress from North Carolina from 1831 to 1833, and 
 
 was a member of the Committee on Private 
 Claims. 
 
 Cruger, Daniel. — He was a member of the New 
 York Assembly' a number of years, and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Cruger, John, He was Mayor of New Y'ork 
 city in 1764 ; Speaker of the Assembly in 1765 ; a 
 pro])oser of the First Provincial Congress which met 
 in New Y'ork in 1775 ; and became a prominent 
 member of that body, being the writer of its " De- 
 claration of Rights." He died in New York about 
 the year 1791, aged eighty-two years. 
 
 Crump, George William. — Born in Pow- 
 hatan County, Virginia; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege ; studied medicine and practiced the profession ; 
 was a member of the Legislature ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Virginia from 1836 to 
 1837, in the place of John Randolph, resigned. From 
 1833 to the time of his death in 1850, he was Chief 
 Clerk of the Pension Bureau in Washington. 
 
 Crtimp, William. — He was a citizen of Vir- 
 ginia, and from 1844 to 1847 was Charge d'Affairesto 
 Chili. 
 
 Criltchfield, Williani. — He was born in Greene- 
 ville, Tennessee, November 16, 1826 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; settled in McMinn County, 
 where he remained until 1840 ; removed to Alabama 
 in 1844, and carried on a farm ; became, in 1850, a 
 citizen of (.'hattanooga, Tennessee ; held several local 
 offices ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions and Patents. 
 
 Culbreth, Thomas. — Born in Kent County, 
 Delaware, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Maryland from 1817 to 1831. 
 
 Cullen, Elisha D. — He was born in Delaware, 
 and elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Cullnin, Alvan. — He was a native of Kentucky ; 
 adopted the law as his profession ; served freijueutly 
 in the Legislature of Tennessee, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1847. 
 He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 
 
 Cullom, Shelby M. — He was bom in Kentucky, 
 November 23, 1839 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 on removing to Illinois he was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1856 ; re-elected in 1860, and chosen 
 Speaker ; was a member of the War Commission 
 which sat in Cairo in 1863 ; and in 1864 he was elected 
 a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign 
 Afiairs and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart- 
 ment. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress, and made Chairman of Territories 
 and Ninth Census. Was a member of the Chicago 
 Convention of 1868. 
 
 Cnllont, William. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1851 to 1855, and 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives during the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Culpepper, John. — He was born in Anson 
 County, North Carolina, and represented that State 
 in Congress from 1807 to 1808, when his scat was 
 vacated by Resolution of the House ; but he was re- 
 elected and served from 1813 to 1817, from 1819 to 
 1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He was a Baptist preach- 
 
104 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 er, and elected to the General Assembly ; but liis 
 seat was vacated on Constitutional grounds. 
 
 Ciili-ev, Charles Vevnnn. — He was born in 
 Logan, Ohio, September 6, 1830 ; spent the most of 
 his life actively engaged in business pursuits, and 
 was elected a Representative from Pennsj'lvania to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Banking and Currency and Expenditures in the 
 Treasury l5epartment. Having been unfortunate in 
 business he was prosecuted in 1866 for alleged illegal 
 practices, but after a prolonged trial was duly acquit- 
 ted of the charges brought against him. 
 
 Culrer, Erastiis D, — He was bom in New 
 
 York ; graduated at the University of Vermont in 
 1836 ; served in the Assembly of New York in 1838 
 and 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Culver, E. D. — He was a citizen of New York, 
 and in 1862 appointed Minister Resident to Venezue- 
 la, where he remained until 1866, when he returned 
 to the United States. 
 
 t 
 
 Culberson, DavUl B. — Born in Troupe County, 
 Georgia, September 39, 1830 ; educated at La Grange ; 
 studied law, and went to the bar in his twenty-first 
 year ; removed to Texas, and was elected to the 
 Legislature in 18.59 ; entered the Confederate Army 
 in 1863 as a private, and rose to be an Adjutant-Gene- 
 ral, with the rank of Colonel ; in 1804 he was elected 
 to the Legislature of Texas ; subsequently to the 
 State Senate ; and in 1874 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Texas to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Cnmhaek, Will. — He was born in Franklin 
 County, Indiana, March 34, 1839 ; was educ;;ted at 
 the Miami University, Ohio ; taught school for one or 
 two years ; attended the Law School at Cincinnati, 
 and adopted the legal profession ; and he was elected 
 a Representative from Indiana in the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1861, 
 and during that year was appointed an additional 
 Paymaster in the army. 
 
 Cinnining, Thomas W. — He was bom in 
 
 Marvland, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Ciimmiuff, ViUiani, — He was a Delegate from 
 North Carolina to the Continental Congress in 1784. 
 
 Ciiimninffs, Alv.ranfler. — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, and was appointed in 1865 Governor of 
 the Territory of Colorado, residing in Denver City, and 
 remaining in office two years. 
 
 Cunimhis, John. — He was born in Indiana, and 
 an early emigrant to Idaho, where he was appointed 
 an Associate Justice of the United States, Court for 
 that Territory, residing at Boise City. 
 
 Ciimniins, John D. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative from Ohio during the 
 Thirtieth Congress. He died of cholera at Milwau- 
 kee, Wisconsin, September 11, 1848. 
 
 Cifniiiiif/ham, Francis A. — He was born in 
 South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Curr)/, George L, — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; removed to Oregon, and was appointed Gov- 
 ernor of that Territory in 1854, and remained in office 
 until 1859. 
 
 Curry, Jabez L. M.—Bom in Lincoln County, 
 
 Georgia, June 5, 1835, and removed with his father in 
 1838 to Talladega County, Alabama, where he has 
 since resided ; he graduated at the University of 
 Georgia in 1843, and at the Dane Law School, Har- 
 vard University, in 1845, and practiced law with suc- 
 cess in Alabama. In 1846 he joined the Texas Rangers 
 for the Mexican War, but soon returned on account of 
 ill health. He was a member of the lower branch of 
 the Legislature of Alabama in 1847, 1853, and 1855 ; 
 a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1857 was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from Alabama, serving 
 on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims and Ex- 
 penditures in the State Department. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs. Withdrew in 1861, and took part in 
 the Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel 
 Congress. After the close of the Rebellion he was 
 ordained a Preacher of the Gospel in the Baptist 
 Church. In 1865 he was appointed President of How- 
 ard College, in Alabama ; and in 1868 a Professor in a 
 Richmond College, 
 
 Ctirtin, Andrew Gregg. — Born in Bellefonte, 
 Pennsylvania, April 38, 1817 ; admitted to the bar in 
 1839, and practic<^d at Bellefontaine. From 1855 to 
 1858 he was Secretary of State, and Superintendent 
 of Common Schools for Pennsylvania. In 1860 was 
 elected Governor. During the civil war, in 1861, he 
 was zealous in organizing troops, and in May, 1861, 
 in a message to the Legislature, advised the estab- 
 lishment of a reserve corps, which rendered important 
 service to the country. He was re-elected Governor in 
 1863, and was active in the election of General Grant 
 to the Presidency, by whom he was appointed Minis- 
 ter to Russia in April, 1869. 
 
 Curtis, Senjanitn Bobbins. — He was bom 
 
 in Watertown, Massachusetts, November 4, 1809 ; 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1839 ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; was closely de- 
 voted to his profession ; settled in Boston in 1834 ; 
 served two years in the State Legislature ; and 
 in 1851 he was appointed by President Fillmore 
 a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States, which he resigned in 1857. In March, 1868, 
 he acted as one of the Counsel for President Andrew 
 Johnson, before the High Court of Impeachment. 
 Subsequently practiced law in Boston. Author and 
 compiler of about twenty-five volumes of legal 
 Reports and decisions. Died at Newport, Rhode 
 Island, September 15, 1874. Was made LL.D. by 
 Harvard University. 
 
 Curtis, Carlton B. — He was born in Madison 
 County, New York, December 17, 1811 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied law, and practiced his 
 profession ; was elected to the Legislature in 1836, 
 1837, and 1838 ; was elected to the Thirty -second and 
 Thirty-third Congresses ; served in the war of the 
 Rebellion as Colonel of a Pennsylvania regiment ; and 
 was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Territories and the War Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Curtis, Edward. — Bom in Vermont ; graduated 
 at Union College, New York, and practiced law in 
 New York city. He took a prominent part in the 
 councils of that city, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841. He was 
 appointed Collector of New York by President Har- 
 rison, and removed by President Polk. He was an 
 intimate friend of Daniel Webster. 
 
 Curtis, Samuel B. — Bom in Ohio (while his 
 parents were emigrating to the West from Con- 
 necticut), February 3, 1807. He graduated at the 
 West Point Academy in 1831, and was appointed a 
 Lieutenant in the United States Infantry, but resigned 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 105 
 
 in 1832. He studied and pursued the profession of 
 law in Ohio ; was subsequently an engineer in Ohio 
 and Iowa ; from 1837 to 1840 C'liief Engineer of the 
 Muslcingum Works ; during tlie Mexican War he 
 served as an Adjutant-General in mustering the State 
 troops ; he went to Mexico as a Colonel under Gen- 
 eral Taylor, and acted for a time as Governor of 
 Matamoras, Camargo, Monterey, and Saltillo, per- 
 forming much important service ; on his return from 
 Mexico he practiced law for a time, but was called to 
 Iowa and Missouri to perfonn important labors as an 
 engineer, in improvements of harbors and the build- 
 ing of railroads ; and having finally settled at 
 Keokuk, in Iowa, he was elected from that State a 
 member of the House in the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
 He was also re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and also 
 on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the 
 Rebellious States. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Peace Congress in 1861. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, but resigned in 1861, to serve as a 
 Brigadier and Major-General in the Union army dur- 
 ing the Rebellion. He was subsequently appointed a 
 Commissioner to inspect the Union Pacific Railroad. 
 Died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, December 25, 1866. 
 
 Cushiiif/, Caleb. — Was bom in Salisbury, Essex 
 County, Massachusetts, January 17, 1800. He gradu- 
 ated at Harvard College in 1817, and was subsequently 
 a tutor there of Mathematics and Natural Philoso- 
 phy ; studied law at Cambridge, and settled in New- 
 buryport to practice, having come to the bar in 1822. 
 In 1825 and 1826 he served in the State Legislature, 
 and in 1829 visited Europe for pleasure, publishing on 
 his return, " Reminiscences of Spain," and " Review 
 of the Revolution in France." He also wrote for the 
 North American Renew. In 1833 and 1834 he was 
 again elected to the Legislature ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1835 to 1843. He was ap- 
 pointed by President Tyler Commissioner and Envoy 
 to China, and as such negotiated an important treaty. 
 In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature. In 
 1847 he was chosen Colonel of the Massachusetts 
 Regiment of Volunteers for the Mexican War, and 
 was afterwards appointed a Brigadier-General by 
 President Polk. In 1850 he was for the fifth 
 time elected to the Legislature, and in 1851 was 
 made a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. 
 When President Pierce came into power, he in- 
 vited General Cushing into his Cabinet as Attorney- 
 General ; and on his return home he was again re- 
 elected to the Legislature of his native State. In 
 office or out of it, he has the reputation of being a 
 hard student, and his success as a lawyer is unqiies- 
 tioned. In 1800 he was elected President of the 
 Charleston Convention to nominate a President. In 
 July, 1860, he was appointed by President Johnson 
 one of three to revise and codify the laws of the 
 United States, under a law of Congress, but resigned 
 in 1868. In 1874 he was appointed Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary to Spain. In 1873 he was nominated for 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States, but withdrawn. 
 
 Ciishivf/, Courflniid. — He was a citizen of 
 Indiana, and in 1850 he was appointed Minister Resi- 
 dent to Ecuador, where he remained until 1853. 
 
 Ciishiiifj, Thomas. — Born in Boston, March 24, 
 1725 ; many years a Representative from that city ; 
 was a member of the Provincial and Continental Con- 
 gresses ; was soon afterwards elected to the Council ; 
 made Commissary-General in 1775 ; Judge of the 
 Common Pleas and of the Probate Courts in 1777 ; 
 was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts in 1779, 
 and also acting Governor ; declined a re-election to 
 the Continental Congress in the same year. In Eng- 
 land he was considered a leader of the American 
 
 Whigs : was on intimate terms with Hancock and 
 Franklin ; he was a Commissioner of the Society in 
 London for Propagating the Gosjjel ; and was one of 
 the founders of the American Academy of Arts ;ind 
 Sciences. He had graduated at Harvard University 
 in 1744, and received the degree of Doctor of Laws 
 from the same in 1785. Died February 28, 1788. 
 
 Cashing, William, — He was born in 1733; 
 graduated at Harvard College in 1751 ; in 1772 he be- 
 came Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts ; 
 in 1777 promoted to Chief Judge ; and in 1789 he 
 was appointed by President Washington a Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the United States, in which 
 position he continued until his death in 1810. In 
 1796 he was tendered the position of Cliief Justice of 
 the Supreme Court, but declined the promotion. He 
 received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. 
 
 Cushman, ,Tohn F, — He was a citizen of Mis- 
 sissippi, and in 1859 he was appointed Minister Resi- 
 dent to the Argentine Confederation, remaining there 
 until 1861, when he returned to the United States. 
 
 Cashman, John Paine. — He was born in 
 Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1784, and graduated at Tale 
 College, in 1807. He studied law and removed to 
 Troy, New York, where he practiced his profession. 
 He served in Congress from New York from 1817 to 
 1819, and in 1838 was appointed Judge of the Circuit 
 Court, ha\'ing previously been Recorder of the city 
 9f Troy, and one of the Regents of the State Univer- 
 sity. Died in Troy, New York, September 16, 1848. 
 He was a man of eminence in his profession, and dis- 
 charged witli ability the various offices with which 
 he was intrusted. 
 
 Cushnian, Joshua, — He was born in Plym- 
 outh, Massachusetts ; graduated at Cambridge in 
 1787 ; studied divinity ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821 ; and 
 represented Maine in Congress from 1821 to 1825, 
 after its separation from Massachusetts. He was 
 also a State Senator in 1809, 1810, 1819, and 1820, and 
 a member of the Assembly in 1811 and 1834, when 
 he died. 
 
 Cushman, Samuel. — Bom in 1783 ; was Judge 
 of the Police Court of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 
 and held several offices of trust in the State ; such as 
 Councilor, from 1833 to 1835 ; County Treasurer, 
 from 1823 to 1828 ; and Navy Agent at Portsmouth, 
 from 1845 to 1849. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Hampshire from 1835 to 1839 ; and 
 died in Portsmouth, May 20, 1851. 
 
 Cllfhberf, Alfred. — Born in Savannah, Georgia ; 
 he graduated at Princeton College in 1803 ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 
 1814 to 1817 ; again, from 1821 to 1827 : and a Sena- 
 tor of the United States from 1837 to 1843. Died in 
 1856. 
 
 Cutliberf, John A, — He was born in Savannah, 
 Georgia, in 1778 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1805 ; and was a Representative in Congress from his 
 native State from 1819 to 1821, and was appointed by 
 the President, in 1822, a Commissioner to treat with 
 the Creek and Cherokee Indians. He participated in 
 the great debate on the Missouri Compromise in 1820, 
 and as late as 1875 he was practicing the profession 
 of law in Mobile, Alabama. 
 
 Cutler, Atigtistus W. — Bom in Morristown, 
 New Jersey, in 1829 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 was a prosecutor for Morris County ; took an interest 
 in educational matters, and became President of a 
 local Board of Education ; in 1871 he was elected to 
 
106 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tlie State Senate ; and in 1874 a Representative from 
 New Jersey to the Forty- fourth Congress ; was active 
 in the Temperance cause, and in the rights of his 
 State in her swamp lands. 
 
 Cutler, Manasseli. — He was bom in KUlingly, 
 Connecticut, in 1742, and graduated at Yale College 
 in 1765 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1767 ; removed to Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769 ; 
 studied for the ministry, and was ordained in 1771 ; 
 and was settled as pastor of a church in Hamilton, 
 Massachusetts, September 11, 1771. He distinguished 
 himself by his attention to several branches of Natu- 
 ral History, particularly by making the first essay to- 
 ward a scientific description of the plants of New 
 England ; an account of several hundred of which, 
 communicated by him, was published by the Amer- 
 ican Academy, of which he was a member, and the 
 degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard 
 College. He was one of the first scientific explorers 
 of the White Mountains. In 1787 he organized an 
 expedition for the Northwest Territory ; and in 1788, 
 with General Rufus Putnam, commenced a settle- 
 ment at Marietta, on the Muskingum, Ohio. Irf 1790 
 he returned with his family to New England, served 
 a number of years in the Legislature, and was pastor 
 of the church at Hamilton, Massachusetts, until his 
 death. In 1800 he was elected to a seat in Congress, 
 and retained it until 1804, when he declined any fur- 
 ther political employment, from its interference with 
 his professional duties. He died July 88, 1833. 
 
 Cutler, William JP. — Born near Marietta, 
 Ohio, July 13, 1813 ; was elected to the Ohio Legis- 
 lature in 1844, 1845, and 1846, oflBciating as Speaker 
 of the House during the last term ; he was a member 
 of the Constitutional Convention of 1850 ; from that 
 period until elected to Congress he was President 
 of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad Company ; 
 and he was elected a Representative from Ohio to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on tlie Militia and on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Citttin.f/, Francis B. — Was born in New York 
 city in 1805 ; was liberally educated ; in 1835 gradua- 
 ted at Columbia College ; adopted the profession of 
 law, and became eminent as a commercial lawyer of 
 New York ; in 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the 
 New York Legislature ; from 1853 to 1855 was a 
 Representative in Congress from his native State ; 
 was leading counsel in almost all important commer- 
 cial questions in New York from 1840 to 1855. While 
 in Congress he had a personal difficulty with J. C. 
 Breckenridge on political questions. In 1863 he be- 
 came a " war democrat," and did good service in secur- 
 ing the re-election of President Lincoln. Died in New 
 York city, June 26, 1870. 
 
 Cutts, Charles, — Born in Massachusetts in 1769 ; 
 entered Harvard College in 1786 ; graduated in 1790 ; 
 studied law with Judge Pickering ; was elected a 
 member of the Legislature in 1804, and then Speaker 
 of tlie House ; was sent to the United States Senate 
 in 1810 from New Hampshire, and served till 1813; 
 and chosen Secretary of the Senate from 1814 to 
 1825. By appointment, he entered tlie Senate for a 
 second term in 1813, but resigned in June of that 
 year. He died in Virginia in 1846. 
 
 Cutis, James Madison. — He was born in 
 Maine, and the son of Richard Cutts ; was a resident 
 for many years of the city of Washington ; and in 
 1857 he was appointed Second Comptroller of the 
 Treasury, and held the office until 1863. His father 
 was the man appointed to the same position, when 
 first organized. He died in Washington. 
 
 Cutis, mchard. — Born June 23, 1771, at Cutts 
 
 Island, Saco, in the Province or District of Maine, 
 then constituting a part of the Commonwealth of 
 Massachusetts, and received his early education at 
 Harvard University, at which institution he gradu- 
 ated in 1790, and in the twentieth year of his age. 
 He studied law ; was extensively engaged in com- 
 merce, and took an active part in politics. He vis- 
 ited Europe, and, on his return, after serving two 
 successive years as a member of the General Court of 
 Massachusetts, he was, at the age of twenty-nine, in 
 1800 elected a member of the House of Representa- 
 tives of the United States. He took his seat in the 
 House December 7, 1801, and through six successive 
 Congresses, constantly sustained by the continued 
 confidence of his constituents, he gave a firm support 
 to President Jefferson's administration, and to that of 
 liis successor. President Madison, until the close of 
 his first term, Marcli 3, 1813, having patriotically 
 sustained, by his votes, non-importation, non inter- 
 course, the embargo, and finally war, as measures 
 called for by the honor and interest of the nation, 
 although ruinous to his private fortune. On June 
 3, of that year, he was appointed Superintendent- 
 General of Military Supplies, an office created by 
 the Act of March 3, 1813, the functions of which 
 were required only during the continuance of tlie 
 war. The office was accordingly abolished by the 
 Act of March 3, 1817, to provide for the ])rompt set- 
 tlement of public accounts. By the same act the 
 office of Second Comptroller of the Treasury was 
 created, to which Mr. Cutts was immediately ap- 
 pointed by President James Monroe, and which he 
 held until 1829 ; after which he resided in the city 
 of Washington, in the retirement of private life, un- 
 til his death, A\n-\\ 7, 1845. 
 
 Cuyler, Jereiniali,. — -He was a native of Geor- 
 gia, and in 1821 he was ajipointed District Judge of 
 the United States Court for the District of Georgia, 
 residing at Savannah, where he died May 7, 1839. 
 
 Daggett, David. — Born in Attleborough, Mas- 
 sachusetts, December 31, 1764; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1783, and was Professor of Law in that in- 
 stitution for many years, and subsequently received 
 the degree of LL.D. from that institution. He was 
 State's Attorney and Mayor of New Haven, and fre- 
 (juently a member of the Legislature, and member of 
 the Council ; and also .served as a Presidential Elector 
 on several occasions. From 1813 to 1819 he was a 
 Senator in Congress from Connecticut; from 1826 to 
 1833 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State, and was Chief Judge from 1833 to 1834, wlien 
 he attained the age of seventy years. He died April 
 13, 1851. 
 
 Dailfl, Samuel G.—Re was born in Indiana in . 
 1819 ; was elected a Delegate from the Territory of 
 Nebraska to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He was sub- 
 sequently appointed a Deputy-Collector in New Or- 
 leans, where he died September 14, 1865. 
 
 Dallas, Alexander J. — Born on the island of 
 Jamaica, June 31, 1759. His father was from Scot- 
 land. He received an excellent education at Edin- 
 burgh and Westminster, and emigrated to the United 
 States in 1783, and settled at Philadelphia, where he 
 studied law and established himself in practice. He 
 was engaged in literary pursuits ; was a frequent 
 contributor to periodicals, and at one time editor of 
 the Colmnbian Magazine. He prepared a system of 
 law reports, which were published in four volumes. 
 In January, 1791, he was ap|iointed Secretary of 
 Pennsylvania, and held the otiBce until 1801, when 
 he was appointed District Attorney of the United 
 States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; iu 
 October, 1814, was appointed Secretary of the Treas- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 107 
 
 ury of the United States, and for a time performed 
 the duties of Secretary of War in addition ; in Sep- 
 tember, 1816, he resigned, and resumed the practi,ce 
 of law in Philadelphia; died January 10, ISIT. He 
 published " Features of Jay's Treaty," in 1795, and 
 various speeches, reports, and addresses, and left un- 
 finished a " History of Pennsylvania." 
 
 Dallas, George Mifflin. — He was born July 
 10, 1793, in the city of Philadelphia, where he re- 
 ceived his early education. He graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1810 ; commenced the study of law in 
 his fathei-'s office in Philadelphia, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1813. In the same year he accompanied 
 Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his private secretary, when 
 that gentleman was appointed a member of the Com- 
 missiou to negotiate a peace under the mediation of 
 Alexander. During his absence, he visited Russia, 
 France, England, Holland, and the Netherlands. He 
 returned to the United States in 1814, and, after as- 
 sisting his father for a time in his duties as Secretary 
 of the Treasury, he commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession at Philadelphia. In 1817 he was apjiointed 
 the deputy of the Attorney-General of Philadelphia, 
 and soon won a high reputation as a criminal lawyer. 
 He took an active jiart in polities, and in 182.5 he was 
 elected Mayor of Philadelphia, and on the accession 
 of General Jackson, in 1829, he was aj^pointed to the 
 office of District Attorney, the same othce which had 
 been held by his father. This post he held until 
 1831, when a vacancy having occurred in the repre- 
 sentation from Pennsylvania in the United States 
 Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to fill it. He took an 
 active part in the debates of the stormy session of 
 1832-'33. On the expiration of his term of office in 
 1833, he declined a re-election, and resumed the prac- 
 tice of his profession. In 1837 he was appointed by 
 President Van Buren Ambassador to Russia, and re- 
 mained in that country until October, 1839, when he 
 returned home, and once more devoted himself to 
 the practice of law. In 1844 he was elected Vice- 
 President of the United States, and entered upon the 
 duties of his office in March of the following year. 
 His term of office expired in March, 1849, when he 
 was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore. He was appointed 
 by President Pierce, in 185G, to succeed Mr. Buchanan 
 as Minister at the Court of St. James, in which posi- 
 tion he was retained by Mr. Buchanan, when he be- 
 came President. Died in Philadelphia, December 31, 
 1864. 
 
 Dalton, THsfaiu. — Was born in tliat portion of 
 Newbury, Massachusetts, now Newburyport, in 1743, 
 and at the early age of seventeen graduated at Har- 
 vard University. He studied law as an accomplish- 
 ment — the fortune which he inherited from his 
 father not requiring him to practice it as a profession 
 — and he took a deep interest in the cultivation of a 
 large landed estate, in what is now the town of West 
 Newbury. Washington, John Adams, Louis Phi- 
 lippe, Talleyrand, and other distinguished guests par- 
 took of his hospitalities. As eminent for piety as he 
 was for mental endowments, the Episcopal Church, of 
 which he was a warden, shared in his generous lib- 
 erality; and he was also noted for tlie affectionate in- 
 terest which he took in the welfare of his servants, 
 both black and white. He was a Representative, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a Sena- 
 tor in the Legislature of Massachusetts ; and a Sena- 
 tor of the United States in the First Congress after 
 the adoption of the Federal Constitution. When 
 Washington City was founded, Mr. Dalton invested 
 his entire fortune in lands there, and lost it by the 
 mismanagement of a business agent. At the same 
 time a vessel which was freighted with his furniture 
 and valuable library was lost on her voyage from 
 Newburyport to Washington, and he thus found him- 
 self, after having lived sixty years in affluence, pen- 
 
 niless. Several offices of profit and honor were im- 
 mediately tendered him by the government, and he 
 accepted the Surveyorship of Boston. He died in 
 Boston, in June, 1817, and his remains were taken 
 to Newburyport, where they were interred in the 
 bitrial-ground of St. Paul's Church. 
 
 Daly, Charles P. — Bom of Irish parentage in 
 New York city, October 31, 1810 ; as a boy, he went 
 to sea, and studied mechanics ; then studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1839 ; in 1843 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; in 1844 he was appointed a Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas ; in 1857 he was made 
 first Judge of the same ; and more recently Chief 
 Justice of the same court, having taken part in some 
 highly important trials. In 1851 he visited Europe, 
 and received attention from various legal dignitaries ; 
 and in 1855 he published an elaborate " Historical 
 Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of New York from 
 1623 to 1846." In 1860 he received from Columbia 
 College the degree of Doctor of Laws ; in 1867 at- 
 tended, as a Delegate, the State Constitutional Con- 
 vention of New York ; served as an officer in various 
 charitable and literary Societies ; and as a writer, ha.s 
 produced many papers, on Naturalization, Banking 
 Systems, Dispensaries, Useful Arts, the Drama, Arc- 
 tic Explorations, and on the lives of distinguished 
 citizens of New York. 
 
 Damrell, William S. — Born in Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire, November 20, 1809 ; never had the 
 privilege of even a common-school education ; was 
 by trade a printer ; and was elected a Representative 
 from Massachusetts to the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
 where he served on the Committee on Engraving, 
 and to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Roads and Canals. Died at Boston, May 
 17, 1860. 
 
 Dana, A masa. — He was a member of the New 
 York Assembly in 1828 and 1829, and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841, 
 and again from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Dana, Charles Anderson. — Born in Hins- 
 dale, New Hampshire, August 8, 1819 ; studied two 
 years at Harvard University, but did not graduate 
 on account of impaired eyesight. He edited the 
 Harhinger, was a contributor to the Boston Clirono- 
 type ; was connected with the New York Tribune 
 from 1847 to 1858 ; and subsequently editor of theiVeu; 
 Yurk Sun ; also edited the ' ' Household Book of 
 Poetry " in 1858, and was one of the editors of "Apple- 
 ton's Cyclopedia." He was Assistant Secretary of War 
 in 1863 and 1864. 
 
 Dana, Francis. — He was born in 1743 ; grad- 
 uated at Harvard College in 1763 ; and, after study- 
 ing law, resided a year in England. He was a Dele- 
 gate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress 
 from 1776 to 1779 and in 1784 ; signed the Articles of 
 Confederation ; was Secretary of Legation at Paris 
 under John Adams ; was appointed Minister to Rus- 
 sia, but not officially received ; was Chief Justice of 
 the State from 1792 to 1800, when he resigned ; in 
 1797 he was appointed Minister to France ; and he 
 died in 1811. 
 
 Dana, John TT'. — He was horn in Fryeburg, 
 Maine ; an active politician ; Governor of the State 
 from 1847 to 1850 ; went to South America to reside 
 in 1801, and died of cholera at Rosario, New Granada, 
 December 22, 1867. He contracted the disease of 
 which he died whilst ministering to an American 
 lady, whose death occurred on the day preceding his 
 own. 
 
 Dana, Jiulah. — Bom in Massachusetts in 1773 ; 
 
108 
 
 lOGRAPIIICAL ANNALS, 
 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795 ; commenced 
 the practice of law in Fryeburg ; was Attorney for 
 Oxford County for sis years ; Judge of Probate for 
 twenty years ; Judge of the Common Pleas for nine 
 years ; one of the Committee which drafted the Con- 
 stitution of Maine ; a member of the Executive Coun- 
 cil of the State in 1834 ; and, by appointment of the 
 Governor, was a Senator in Congress from Maine 
 during the years 1836 and 1837. He died at Frye- 
 burg, Maine, December 27, 1845. 
 
 Dana, Samuel. — Born at Groton, Massachu- 
 setts, June 36, 1767 ; was a lawyer by profession, 
 and became eminent ; was President of the State 
 Senate ; Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas ; was a Representative in Congress in 1814 
 and 1815 in place of W. M. Richardson, resigned ; 
 July 4, 1807, delivered an oration at Groton, which 
 was published. Died in Charlestown, Massachusetts, 
 November 30, 1835. 
 
 Dana, Samuel IV. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut in 1747, and died July 31, 1830. He graduated at 
 Tale College in 1775, was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1797 to 1810 ; and a Senator in Congress 
 from Connecticut from 1810 to 1831. 
 
 Dane, ,Tosep7i. — He was bom in Beverly, Es- 
 sex County, Massachusetts, October 35, 1778, and 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1799. He 
 adopted the profession of law, and, remo^^ng to Ken- 
 nebunk, Maine, was a member of the State Consti- 
 tutional Convention of 1816 and 1819 ; in 1830 he was 
 elected to Congress for the unexpired term of J. 
 Homes ; and from 1831 to 1833 he represented the 
 York District of Maine in Congress, when he re- 
 signed ; was subsequently in the Legislature as a 
 member of the House for six years, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Senate in 1839. He was chosen a member 
 of the Executive Council of Massachusetts in 1817, 
 and to a similar station in Maine in 1841 ; but he de- 
 clined both offices. He settled in Kentucky early in 
 the present century, where he died May 1, 1858. 
 
 Dane, Nathan. — Born at Ipswich, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1753 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1778 ; 
 was a Delegate from Massachusetts to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1785 to 1788 ; was the framer 
 of the celebrated ordinance passed by Congress in 
 1787 ; and, though devoted to the practice of law, 
 found time to prepare a Digest of American Law in 
 nine volumes. He established a Professorship of 
 Law in Harvard University ; and, after he had at- 
 tained his seventieth year, he was in the habit of 
 spending fourteen hours of each day engaged in 
 reading and writing. Died at Beverly, Massachu- 
 setts, February 15, 1834. He received from Harvard 
 College the degree of LL.D. 
 
 Datifoi'fl, Lorenzo. — He was born in Belmont 
 County, Ohio, October 18, 1839 ; received a common- 
 school education, and attended college two years at 
 Waynesburg, Pennsylvania ; studied law at St. 
 Clairsville, Ohio ; was elected Prosecuting Attorney 
 of Belmont County in 1857 and 18.59 ; entered the 
 Army ; served as private. Lieutenant, and Captain 
 until 1804, when he resigned on account of sickness; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on the Post Office and Post 
 Roads. 
 
 Daniel, Henri/.— Bom in Virginia in 1798 ; re- 
 moved to Kentucky in his early youth ; was a lawyer 
 by profession ; was a volunteer in the War of 1813, 
 with rank of Captain ; was a State Representative from 
 Montgomery County in 1813, 1819, and 1836 ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1837 
 
 to 1833 ; had a famous encounter in that House with 
 Tristam Burgess ; and in 1845 shot his brother-in-law 
 in the Court House of Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. He 
 died in that town, October 5, 1873. 
 
 Daniel, John M. — He was born in Virginia ; 
 prior to 1854 obtained some reputation as a newspa- 
 per writer ; was appointed Minister Resident to Sar- 
 dinia, but resigned the office and returned to the 
 United States ; resumed his connection with the 
 press and the Sichmond Eiuminer ; and though a 
 very zealous friend of the Confederate Government, 
 was very bitter in his attacks upon its Executive 
 Head : he died March 30, 1865. He wrote a Life of 
 Stonewall Jackson, which was published in England. 
 
 Daniel, John R. J. — Born in Halifax County, 
 North Carolina ; graduated at the University of that 
 State in 1831 ; studied law, and practiced it with suc- 
 cess. He served for several years in the General 
 Assembly, and was elected Attorney-General of the 
 State ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 North Carolina from 1841 to 1853, serving through 
 several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Claims. Removed to Louisiana, where be died. 
 
 Daniel, Josejyh J. — Born in Halifax County, 
 North Carolina, in 1783 : educated at the State Uni- 
 versity and studied law ; in 1807 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature ; from 1816 to 1833 he was a 
 Judge of the Superior Courts of Equity and Law ; 
 he was subsequently made a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, which position he retained until 
 his death, in February, 1848. He was a man of rare 
 learning. 
 
 Daniel, Peter T'yvtan. — He was born in Staf- 
 ford County, Virginia, in 1785 ; graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1805 ; studied law with Edmund Ran- 
 dolph, and came to the bar in 1808 ; was a member of 
 the State Legislature in 1809 and 1810 ; in 1813 he 
 was a member of the Privy Council, and served as 
 such until 1835 ; and frequently as Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor ; was tendered the office of Attorney-General 
 of the United States by President Jackson, but de- 
 clined the appointment ; in 1836 he was appointed 
 Judge of the United States District Court for Vir- 
 ginia ; and in 1840 he was appointed by President 
 Van iJuren a Ju.stice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. Died in 1860. 
 
 Danner, Joel B. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1851. 
 
 Darby, Ezra. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1804 to 1808, when he 
 resigned. Died January 38, 1808. 
 
 Darby, John Fletcher. — Born in Person 
 County, North Carolina, December 10, 1803. In 1818 
 he removed with his father to Missouri, and settled 
 in St. Louis County, where, until 1833, he worked on 
 a farm, pursuing his studies under many difficulties, 
 having previously received a good English education 
 in his native town. After the death of his parents, 
 in 1835, he applied for an appointment at West Point, 
 but being unsuccessful, sold out his father's estate, 
 and went to Frankfort, Kentucky, and studied law. 
 In May, 1837, having a license to practice from the 
 Supreme Court of Kentuckj-, he returned to Missouri 
 and commenced his professional life. He was four 
 times chosen Mayor of the city of St. Louis, and once 
 a member of the State Senate; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1851 to 1853 from that State. 
 
 Dargan, Edivard S. — He was born in North 
 Carolina ; removed in early youth to Alabama, where 
 he subsequently taught school and studied law. In 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 109 
 
 1S44 lie was elected Mayor of Mobile ; from 184^5 to 
 1847 he was a Representative in Congress from Ala- 
 bama ; and during the latter year was elected a Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Alabama. 
 
 Dargon, George IV. — He was born in South 
 Carolina in 1801 ; was liberally educated, and adopted 
 the profession of law ; was a member of the State 
 Senate for several years ; Commissioner in Equity for 
 Charleston ; and from 1847 to the time of his death, 
 the Chancellor of Soutli Carolina. Died in Columbia, 
 June 12, 1859. 
 
 Darling, Mason C. — Born in Bellinghara, Mas- 
 sachusetts, May 18, 1801 ; received a common-school 
 education ; commenced active life as a school-teacher 
 in New York ; and having studied medicine, gradu- 
 ated at the Berkshire Medical Institution of Massa- 
 chusetts in 1824. He practiced his profession for 
 thirteen years, when he removed to Wisconsin, and 
 aided in establishing the towns of Sheboygan and 
 Fond du Lac. The principal offices held by him in 
 Wisconsin were those of Judge of Probate, Mayor of 
 Fond du Lac, a member for several years of the Ter- 
 ritorial Legislature, and a Representative in Congress 
 from the State of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Darling, William A. — He was born in New- 
 ark, New Jersey, December 17, 1817, but shortly af- 
 terwards settled in New York city ; received a com- 
 mercial education, and, as clerk and proprietor, was 
 devoted to the wholesale business ; in 1838 he was a 
 director of the Mercantile Library Association ; was 
 for eleven years a member, as officer and private, of 
 the Seventh Regiment, National Guard ; from 1847 to 
 1854 he was Deputy Receiver of Taxes for New York ; 
 from 1854 to 1865 was President of a railroad com- 
 l^any in New York ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1860; in 1863 and 1864 he was President ol the Union 
 and Republican organization of New York city ; and 
 in, the latter year he was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Naval Affairs, Expenditures in 
 the Post Office Department, and the War Debts of 
 Loyal States ; and also as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Revenue Frauds. 
 
 Darlington, Edward, — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1833 to 1839. 
 
 Darlington, Isaac. — Born in Westtown, 
 Chester County, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1781, 
 and died April 27, 1839. He was brought up to hard 
 labor, partly on a farm, and in the shop of his father, 
 a worthy blacksmith, and was a Quaker in religion. 
 He educated himself, taught school, studied law, and 
 was successful as a practitioner. In 1807 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; served as a Volun- 
 teer Lieutenant in the last war with England ; and 
 was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1817 to 1819, declining a re-election. In 1830 he was 
 appointed Deputy Attorney-General for Chester Coun- 
 ty, and in 1821 was appointed President Judge of the 
 County Court, which he held until his death. 
 
 Dai'lington, Willlani. — Born in Birmingham, 
 Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1782. He 
 was brought' up on a farm until eighteen years old, 
 trained in the religion of George Fox, and when 
 young had but a limited education. He studied med- 
 icine, and in 1804 graduated at the University of 
 Pennsylvania. In 1806 he was disowned by the Society 
 of Friends for accepting the appointment of Surgeon 
 to a military regiment. In 1807 he went to India as 
 Surgeon of a merchant ship ; in 1811 and 1812 he as- 
 ,1 sisted in establishing the West Chester Academy, 
 il Pennsylvania, of which he was long a Trustee and 
 
 the Secretary ; in 1813 he prepared a catalogue of 
 plants of his native county : in 1814 he took part 
 in establishing the Bank of West Chester, and was 
 its President. When Washington City was attacked 
 by the British, he went to camp as a volunteer ; and 
 he was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania 
 from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823. He 
 was also a member of the " American Philosophical 
 Society ; " was a Canal Commissioner in 1825. In 
 1826 he aided in forming a Natural History Society in 
 West Chester,-and was elected President of the same; 
 and on account of his devotion to science, and his 
 scientific learning, a number of rare plants were 
 named after him by leading naturalists of Switzer- 
 land and America. He also held the office of Clerk 
 of the Court of Chester County ; aided in founding 
 and was President of the " West Chester Medical So- 
 ciety ; " was President of a railway company ; in 1847 
 he was robbed of fifty thousand dollars belonging to 
 the bank of which he was President ; his publications 
 on botany and kindred subjects are quite numerous ; 
 in 1848 he received from Yale College the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws, and in 1855 that of Doctor of Physi- 
 cal Science from Dickinson College ; and he was 
 elected a member of some forty learned societies in 
 America and Europe. Died in 1863. 
 
 Darragh, Cornelius. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1847. Died in January, 1855. 
 
 Darrall, Chester H, — He was born in Somerset 
 County, Pennsylvania, June 24, 1842 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; studied medicine, and gradu- 
 ted at the Albany Medical College ; entered the Union 
 Army as Assistant Surgeon of Volunteers, promoted to 
 be Surgeon, and served throughout the war ; settled 
 in Louisiana at the close of the war, and engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits ; was elected to the State Senate 
 of Louisiana in 1860, and elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second and 
 three subsequent Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on the District of Columbia, and Education 
 and Labor, and Chairman of Enrolled Bills. 
 
 Darwin C. B. — He was a resident of Iowa, 
 from which State he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Washington. 
 
 Davee, Thomas, — Born in Plymouth, Massa- 
 chusetts, December 9, 1797 ; removed to Maine, and 
 was bred a merchant ; served six years in the two 
 Houses of the Maine Legislature ; served a second 
 term in the State Assembly, and was chosen Speaker ; 
 he was also High-Sheriff of Somerset County, and a 
 Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. He 
 was also for many years a Postmaster in Maine, and, 
 at the time of his death, was a Senator elect of the 
 State Legislature. He died, supported by the hopes 
 of the Christian, December 9, 1841. 
 
 Dfivenpoi't, Franklin, — He was a soldier in 
 the Revolutionary War ; a man of education, and a 
 Judge ; and was a Senator in Congress from New 
 Jersey from 1798 to 1799, but was superseded by J. 
 Schureman, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1799 to 1801. 
 
 Davenport, James, — He was a graduate of 
 Tale College in 1777, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Connecticut from 1796 to 1797, in 
 which year he died. 
 
 Dfll'enport, James J, — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia ; a resident of Santa Fe, and in 1853 was ap- 
 pointed from Mississippi Chief Justice of the United 
 States Court for New Mexico. 
 
110 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Davenport, John. — He was born iu Stamford, 
 Connecticut, January 16, 1752 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1770 ; was a tutor in tliat College in 1773 
 and 1774 ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 Connecticut from 1799 to 1817. He had also served 
 with credit in the Revolutionary War, as a Major in 
 the Commissary Department; also practiced law. 
 Died in Stamford, November 28, 1830. 
 
 Daveniyort,tTohn.—^e was a Representative 
 iu Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1829. 
 
 Davenjiortf Thomas.— He was born in Cum- 
 berland County, Virginia, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1825 to 1835, and 
 died in Halifax County, in November, 1838. 
 
 DavezaCf Auguste. — He was a citizen of Louis- 
 iana ; was appointed Secretary of Legation to Mexico 
 in 1829, remaining there two years ; in 1839 he was 
 appointed Charge d'Affaires ; and in 1845 re-commis- 
 sioned to the same office and place, and returned to 
 the United States in 1850. 
 
 Davidson, Thomas G. — Born in Jefferson 
 County, Mississippi, August 6, 1805 ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1827; iu 1833 was Register of 
 the Land Office at Greensburg, Louisiana; was elected 
 to the Legislature of that State in 1833, where he 
 served, from different parishes, some thirteen years; 
 and he was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Louisiana in 1855 ; re-elected in 1857. and was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, and member 
 of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thir- 
 ty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in February, 1861. 
 
 Davidson, William. — He was a native of 
 Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, having been 
 born September 13, 1778 ; represented that county in 
 the State Legislature as Senator in 1813, 1815, 181G, 
 and 1817 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 his native State from 1818 to 1821. He served again 
 in the State Senate iu 1827, 1828, and 1829. He died 
 in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, September 16, 
 1857, from injuries which he received by being thrown 
 from his carriage while taking a drive with a frac- 
 tious horse. Though leading the quiet life of a 
 planter, he was a man of great influence and useful- 
 ness. 
 
 Davie, William JR. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, and in 1790 he was appointed a Judge of the 
 United States District Court for the District of North 
 Carolina. 
 
 Davie, William MicJiardson. — Born at Egre- 
 mont, near White Haven, England, June 20, 17.50 ; 
 graduated at New Jersey College, 1776; placed by 
 his father in South Carolina soon after the peace of 
 1763, under the care of his uncle, who educated and 
 adopted him as his son and heir, his father returning 
 to England. He commenced the study of law at 
 Salisbury, but soon obtained a Lieutenancy in a troop 
 of draijoons and succeeded to the command ; he an- 
 nexed it to the Legion of Pulaski in 1779, and was 
 promoted by General Lincoln to be Brigade-Major; 
 fought at Stono, where he was severely wounded at 
 Hanging Rock and Rocky Mount. He protected the 
 country betwren Charlotte and Camden, with a le- 
 gionary corps which he equipped at his own expense, 
 and nearly impoverished himself by so doing. He 
 was rewarded for his services by the appointment as 
 Colonel -Commander of State Cavalry, and was made 
 Commissioner by General Greene. After the war 
 he settled at Halifax, North Carolina, and was for 
 many years a member of the State Legislature; in 
 1787 was Delegate to the Convention which framed 
 the Federal Constitution ; the illness of his family 
 
 called him home before his labors were finished, and 
 his name does not appear on that instrument, but he 
 was the most able champion in the State Convention ; 
 he supported, mainly, the Universitj- of North Caro- 
 lina ; was Major-General of State Militia ; in 1799 
 Governor of the State ; but soon after sent by Presi- 
 dent Adams, with Ellsworth and Murray, on a Mission 
 to France. After his return withdrew from public 
 life to his farm at Tivoli, on the Catawba River, South 
 Carolina; was appointed, March, 1813, Major-General 
 by the Government, but declined to serve on account 
 of wounds. Died at Camden, South Carolina, No- 
 vember 8, 1820. 
 
 Dai'ies, Edivard. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Represeiitative in Congress from 
 that State from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Davies, William. — He was born in Georgia, 
 and prior to tlie year 1820 he was appointed a Judge 
 of the United States District Court for the District of 
 Georgia. 
 
 DatHs, jimos. — He was a member of the Ken- 
 tucky Legislature from Montgomery County in 1819, 
 1835, 1827, and 1828 ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835 ; and died in 
 Owingsville, iu that State, June 5, 1835. He was a 
 brother of Garret Davis. 
 
 Davis, Charles Henry. — Born in Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, January 16, 1807 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1825 ; was appointed Midshipman in 
 1823 ; Lieutenant in 1834 ; Commander in 1854 ; Cap- 
 tain in 1861 ; Commodore in 1862 ; Chief of Bureau 
 of Navigation in 1862 ; Rear- Admiral in 1863 ; from 
 1844 to 1849 was engaged in the United States Coast 
 Survey ; from 1845 to 1849 discovered the New South 
 Shoal and several smaller shoals near Nantitcket ; he 
 was afterwards engaged in examining the harbors of 
 Boston, New York, and Charleston ; studied the laws 
 of tidal action and published a work on the subject. 
 He founded the "American Nautical Almanac," and 
 superintended it from 1849 to 1856, when he was or- 
 dered to the Pacific in command of the St. Mary's. 
 He was Fleet Captain in Dupont's Expedition, and 
 assigned to the Mississippi Flotilla, as Flag Officer, iu 
 1862, and repulsed an attack by the rebel fleet ; he 
 attacked the fleet near Memphis and destroyed or cap- 
 tured all but one vessel, and the surrender of that 
 city followed. He was with Admiral Farragut at 
 Vicksburg, and with General Curtis atY'azoo in 1863. 
 He was Superintendent of the Naval Observatory at 
 Washington from 1865 to ' 1867 ; commanded the 
 South Atlantic Squadron from 1867 to 1869. Received 
 the degree of LL.D. from Harvard LTniversity in 1868. 
 
 Davis, C K. — He was born in Henderson, Jef- 
 ferson County, New York, June 10, 1838 ; graduated 
 at the University of Michigan in 1857 ; was Uui1,pd 
 States Attorney for Minnesota for five years from 
 1868; and in 1873 he was elected Governor of that 
 State. 
 
 Davis, David. — He was born in Cecil County, 
 Maryland, March 9, 1815; graduated at Kenyon Col- 
 lege", Ohio, in 1832 ; studied law in Massachusetts, 
 and went through a legal course at the Law School of 
 New Haven ; in 1835 he removed to IlUuois, and was 
 immediately admitted to the bar, and soon afterwards 
 settled in Bloomington. In 1844 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature ; in 1847 to the Convention 
 which formed the present State Constitution ; in 1848 
 he was elected by the people Judge of the Eighth 
 Judicial Circuit of the State; re-elected in 1855 and 
 also in 1861, but, before completing his last term, he 
 was ap]Kiinted by President Lincoln a Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United Slates. He was for 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 111 
 
 many years the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln, 
 rode tlie circuit with him every year, and he was a 
 Delegate at large to the "Chicago Convention" of 
 1860, which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President. 
 Just before entering upon his duties as Justice of the 
 Supreme Court he was appointed a visitor to the 
 West Point Academy. 
 
 Davis, Edmund J. — He was Governor of Texas 
 from 1870 to 1874. 
 
 Davis, Garret. — He was born at Mt. Ster- 
 ling, Kentucky, September 10, 1801 ; received an 
 English and classical education ; while yet a boy, he 
 wag employed as a writer in the County and Circuit 
 Courts of his district ; studied law and came to the 
 bar in 18'33. In 183.3 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and was twice re-elected ; in 1839 he was 
 a member of the State Constitutional Convention; 
 from 1839 to 1847 he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky, and declined a re-election ; and 
 though always actively engaged in the practice of his 
 profession, he has ever devoted much attention to the 
 pursuits of agriculture. In 18G1 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from Kentucky for the term end- 
 ing in 1807, serving on the Committees on Foreign 
 Relations, on Territories, Claims, and Pensions. From 
 early manhood until the death of Henry Clay he was 
 one of tlie most intimate personal and political friends 
 of that statesman. In 1804 he wasappointed a Regent 
 of the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1800 he was one 
 of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend 
 the funeral of General Scott. In Januar}', 1867, he 
 was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 
 1873. Died in Paris, Kentucky, in September, 1872. 
 
 Davis, George T. — He was born in Sandwich, 
 Massachusetts, January 12, 1810; gr."iduated at Har 
 vard College in 1839 ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the Senate of Mas- 
 sachusetts in 1839 and 1840 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1851 tol853. 
 
 Davis, Henry G, — Born in Howard County, 
 Maryland, November 10, 1823 ; received a limited 
 education ; in 1843 he became a brakenian on the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and was soon advanced 
 to higher positions on the Road ; in 18.38 became 
 President of a bank ; in 1805 he was elected to the 
 Legislature ; in 1808 a Delegate to the Democratic 
 National Convention ; in the same year elected to the 
 State Senate ; in 1870 he was re-elected ; and was 
 elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 
 1877, serving on the Committees on Appropriations 
 and Agriculture. 
 
 Davis, Henry Winter. — Was born in Annapo- 
 lis. Maryland, August 16, 1817 ; graduated at Kenyon 
 College in 1837. In 1839 he entered the University 
 of Virginia and went through a course of studies at 
 that institution ; he then settled in the practice of 
 law at Alexandria, Virginia ; in 1850 he settled in 
 Baltimore, Maryland, and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from that S'tate to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, 
 and Thirty-.sixth Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Ways and Means, and also elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs, and on the Special 
 Committee on the Rebellious States. In 1864 he was 
 appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, 
 and from Hampden Sidney College he received the 
 degree of LL.D. He was a man of superior power 
 as an orator, and as an author he published, in 1852, 
 a book entitled " The War of Ormuzd and Ahrinam 
 in the Nineteenth Century." Died in Baltimore, 
 Decemlier 20, 1865 ; and by a resolution of the 
 National House of Representatives a eulogy was pro- 
 nounced upon him, February 22, 1806, by his friend 
 
 and late colleague. Senator John A. J. Creswell. 
 This is said to have been the only occasion when a 
 private citizen was thus honored by Congress. In 
 1867 his collected speeches were published under the 
 editorship of his friend Creswell. 
 
 Davis, Jefferson. — He was born in Christian 
 County, Kentucky. June 3, 1808, but his father 
 removed to Mississippi in his infancy. He com- 
 menced his education at the Transylvania University, 
 Kentucky, but left it for the West Point Academy, 
 where he graduated in 1828. He followed tlie 
 fortunes of a soldier until 1835, when he became a 
 planter. He was a cadet from 1824 to 1828 ; 
 Second Lieutenant of Infantry from 1828 to 1833 ; 
 First Lieutenant of Dragoons from 1833 to 1835 ; 
 serving in various campaigns against the Indians ; 
 was Adjutant of Dragoons, and at different times 
 served in the Quartermaster's Department ; in 1844 
 was a Presidential Elector : in 1845 was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Mississippi for one 
 term, but resigned in 1840 to become Colonel of a 
 Volunteer regiment to serve in Mexico ; in Mexico he 
 received the appointment of Brigadier-General ; in 
 1847 was appointed a Senator of Congress, to fill a 
 vacancy, and was elected for the term ending in 1851, 
 but resigned in 1850 ; was re elected for a term of 
 six years, but resigned ; was appointed Secretary of 
 War by President Pierce, serving throughout his ad- 
 ministration ; and in 1857 again took his seat in the 
 United States Senate for the term of six years, serving 
 as Chairman of the Committee on Military Afiairs, 
 and a member of those on Public Buildings and 
 Grounds and on Printing. In February, 1801, he 
 withdrew from the Senate, became identified with 
 the Great Rebellion, and was elected President of the 
 so-called "Southern Confederacy." He was subse- 
 quently confined as a prisoner of state in Fortress 
 Monroe, and after remaining in that stronghold as a 
 prisoner for two years, he was in 1867 released on 
 bail, and went to Canada, but subsequently returned 
 to Mississippi and lived in retirement. 
 
 Davis, J ohn.— Born at Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
 January 25, 1761 ; graduated at Harvard University 
 in 1781 ; tutor for se'veral years at Barnstable, in the 
 family of General Otis ; studied law, and began to 
 practice in Plymouth in 1786 ; was some years in the 
 State Legislature; a member of the Convention to 
 adopt the Federal Constitution ; member of the State 
 Senate in 1795 ; appointed Comptroller of the United 
 States Treasury, 1795 ; District Attorney for Massa- 
 chusetts in 1796 ; and was United States District 
 Judge from 1801 till his death. He was a Delegate 
 to the State Constitutional Convention in 1820; he 
 was a member of many learned societies, and Presi- 
 dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society from 
 1818 to 1843 ; and in 1813 delivered an add'ress in 
 commemoration of the Landing of the Pilgrims 
 before that society. He was an antiquarian of con- 
 siderable eminence and wrote many valuable scien- 
 tific and other valuable essays and addresses. Died 
 in Boston, January 14, 1847. 
 
 Davis, John, — Born in Northborough, Massa- 
 chusetts, January 13, 1787 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1812 ; adopted the profession of law ; admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1815 ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1825 to 1834 ; Governor of Massachusetts 
 during the years 1834 and 1835, and 1841 and 1842 ; a 
 Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1841, and again 
 from 1845 to 1853, always serving on important Com- 
 mittees and exerting much influence. On account of 
 his many popular qualities he was called " Honest 
 John Davis." He died suddenly, at Worcester, April 
 19, 18.54. 
 
 Davis, John, — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 
112 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Davis, John C. Bancroft, — He was born in 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, December 29, 1823, and 
 son of the eminent Senator John Davis ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1840 ; was Secretary of Legation 
 at London from 1849 to 1852, acting repeatedly as 
 Cliarge d'Ailaires ; on his return from England he 
 settled in New York city, where he practiced the pro- 
 fession of law ; in 1868 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature ; in 1809 he was appointed Assistant Sec- 
 retary of State ; resigned that position in 1871 to 
 become Agent of the Ofeneral Government before the 
 Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva on the Alabama 
 Claims, performing much important work ; in 1873 he 
 was re-appointed Assistant Secretary of State ; and 
 in 1874 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Prussia, in which office he still continues. While in 
 the State Department he acted as arbitrator between 
 Portugal and Great Britain ; and was Secretary as 
 well as member of the High Commission which con- 
 cluded the treaty of Washington in 1871. life was 
 from 18.j4 to 18(31 a foreign correspondent of the 
 New York Times ; and subsequently edited an edition 
 o-f the "Treaties of the United States." 
 
 Davis, John G. — Born in Fleming County, 
 Kentucky, October 10, 1810. His education was 
 obtained at a country .■school, where, during the win- 
 ter months, he studied the rudiments of reading, 
 writing, and arithmetic. He was bred to the occupa- 
 tion of a farmer ; was elected Sheriff of Parke 
 County, Indiana, and resigned in 1832. He was 
 Clerk of the Superior and Inferior Courts of that 
 county from 1833 to 18.51, and was a Kepresentative 
 from Indiana in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Public Lands, and also served on the 
 Committee to Examine into the accounts of the late 
 Clerk of the House, William Cullora. He was also 
 re-elected to the Thirty -sixtli Congress serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Public Lands. Died at 
 Terre Haute, Indiana, January 18, 1866. 
 
 Davis, John J. — He was born in Clarksburg, 
 West Virginia, May 1, 1835 ; educated at the North- 
 western Virginia Academy ; studied law ; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and has since practiced at Clarks- 
 burg ; was a member of the State Legislature of 
 Virginia in 1861, and of West Virginia in 1870; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was one of the Dele- 
 gates from the State at large to the National Demo- 
 cratic Convention at New York in 1868 ; elected to 
 the Forty-second Congress, and re-elected to the For- 
 ty-third Congress, serving on several Committees. 
 
 Davis, John IV. — He was born in Lancaster, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1799 ; after completing his medical 
 studies in Baltimore, in 1821, at the Medical College, 
 he emigrated in 1823 to Indiana. He served first, in 
 1829, as a Surrogate, and then in the Legislature of 
 that State, and was Speaker of the lower branch, both 
 before and after his services in Congress, namely, in 
 1832 and 1841 ; and was also a Commissioner to make 
 a treaty with the Indians. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Indiana from 1835 to 1837, from 
 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands and was 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives during the 
 T%venty-ninth Congress. He was in 1848 appointed 
 Minister to China, and subsequently held the posi- 
 tion of Governor of Oregon Territory. He was also 
 President of the Baltimore Conveution which nomi- 
 nated Franklin Pierce for President, in 1852. Died 
 at Carlisle, Indiana, August 22, 1859. 
 
 Davis, Joseph tT.— Born in Franklin County, 
 
 North Carolina, in 1840 ; received a good education 
 and adopted the profession of law ; was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1866 ; never held any other pub- 
 lic position before his nomination for Congress, and 
 was elected in 1874 a Representative from North 
 Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Davis, Noah. — He was born in Haverhill, New 
 Hampshire, September 10, 1818 ; received a liberal 
 education ; studied law, came to the bar in 1841, and 
 was for many years a successful practitioner in Al- 
 bion, New York, in which place his fatlier had settled 
 in 1825 ; was a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 State from 1857 to 1868 ; and elected a Representa- 
 tive from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, and Coinage, 
 Weiglits and Measures. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, but resigned to become United 
 States Attorney for the District of New York ; and 
 in 1873 he was again elected Judge of the Supreme 
 Court. He presided over the court where Edward 
 Stokes and William M. Tweed were tried and con- 
 victed, the first for murder and the second for mal- 
 feasance in office. In a letter which he addressed to 
 the editor he spoke of his election to Congress as the 
 chief misfortune of his life. 
 
 Davis, jRenben, — Born in Tennessee, January 
 18, 1813. He was self-educated, owing to the limited 
 means of his father. He studied and practiced med- 
 icine for a few years, and afterwards pursued the 
 law as a profession. In 1835 he was chosen District 
 Attorney for tlie Sixth Judicial District of Mississippi. 
 In 1837 he was re-elected to the same office ; served 
 four months, in 1842, on the bench of the High Court 
 of Errors and Appeals ; was in the Mexican War as 
 Colonel Commandant of the Mississippi Rifles, but re- 
 signed on account of sickness, and was in no battle ; 
 was elected to the lower branch of the State Legisla- 
 ture from 1855 to 1857 ; and was elected a member 
 of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Po.st Offices and Post Roads and Expenditures 
 in the Navy Department. Re-elected to tlie Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, and was a member of the Special 
 Committee of Thirty-three. Joined the Rebellion in 
 1861. 
 
 Dai'is, Hichard D. — He was born in New York, 
 graduated at Yale College in 1818, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from his native State from 
 1841 to 1845. 
 
 Davis, Roger. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1815. 
 
 Davis, Samuel. — He was born in Massachusetts, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1813 to 1815. In 1803, from 1808 to 1812, and 
 in 1815 and 1816, he was a member of the State Leg- 
 islature. 
 
 Davis, Samuel B. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Davis, Thomas. — He was born in Ireland, and 
 having emigrated to Rhode Island, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Davis, Thomas T. — He was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Jefferson, in 1803, United States Judge for the 
 Territory of Indiana. 
 
 Davis, Thomas T. — Was born in Middlebury, 
 Addison County, Vermont, August 22, 1810; gradua- 
 ted at Hamilton College, New York, in 1831 ; studied 
 law in Syracuse, and was admitted to tlie bar in 1833. 
 As a public man, his time was chiefly devoted to busi 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 113 
 
 ness connected with railroads, with various kinds of 
 manufacturing, and with the mining of coal ; and in 
 1863 he was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to 
 the Tliirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Roads and Canals. Died May 2, 1873. 
 
 Davis, Titnothy. — He was born in Newark, 
 New Jersey, in March, 1794 ; received a common- 
 school education ; removed to Kentucky in 1816, and 
 was there admitted to the bar in 1817 ; spent twenty 
 years of his life in Missouri ; and, having removed to 
 Iowa, was elected a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the 
 Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. 
 
 Davis, Timothy. — He was born in Gloucester, 
 Massachusetts, April 13, 1821 ; was educated at a dis- 
 trict school, which he did not attend after reaching 
 the age of twelve years ; spent two years in a print- 
 ing-office ; lived a number of years in Boston as a 
 clerk and as a merchant ; in 1854, by an unusually 
 large majority, he was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from his native district ; was re-elected to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress, and served as a member of 
 the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed 
 by President Lincoln to a place in the Boston Custom 
 House in 1861. 
 
 Davis, Warren S. — He was born in South Ca- 
 rolina ; graduated at the College of South Carolina in 
 1810 ; adopted the profession of law ; came to the 
 bar in 1814 ; was appointed Solicitor for South Caro- 
 lina in 1818 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from South Carolina, from 183.5 to 1835, and died in 
 Washington, District of Columbia, January 39, 1835, 
 aged forty-two years. It was while attending his 
 funeral that President Jackson was fired at by a man 
 named Lawrence. 
 
 Davis, WiUiatn M. — Was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and elected a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Davy, John 31. — Born in Ottawa, Ontario, June 
 29, 1835 ; removed with his parents, when a child, to 
 Monroe County, New York ; received a common- 
 school and academical education ; studied law, and 
 on coming to the bar in Rochester he was elected 
 District Attorney for Monroe County for three years ; 
 in 1873 he was appointed Collector of Customs for the 
 Port of Genesee, which he held until 1874, when he 
 was elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Daires, Henry Zj, — Bom in Cummington, 
 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, October 30, 1816. 
 He graduated at Yale College in 1839, and adopted 
 the profession of law. He taught school for a time, 
 and edited a paper called the Orcenfield Gazette. He 
 was a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts 
 during the years 1848, 1849, and 1853 ; of the State 
 Senate in 1850, and also of the State Constitutional 
 Convention in 1853. He was also District Attorney 
 for the Western District of his native State, from 
 1853 until elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, wherein 
 he served as a member of the Committee on Revolu- 
 tionary Claims ; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections ; re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Elections ; and was 
 re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
 again as Chairman of the Committee on Elections. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing 
 at the head of the Committee on Elections, and serv- 
 ing on that on Weights and Measures. He was also 
 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving again at the head of the Committee on Elec- 
 tions ; also re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, 
 and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the most im- 
 portant Committees ; and was elected a Senator in 
 Congress for the term commencing in 1875, and end- 
 ing in 1881. 
 
 Dawson, 'John, — He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1782 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1793 ; 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Vir- 
 ginia from 1797 to 1814 ; served in one of the State 
 Conventions of Virginia, and in the General Assembly; 
 was a member of the Executive Council of Virginia ; 
 rendered service in the War of 1812, as Aid to the 
 Commanding General, on the Lakes ; and was ap- 
 pointed bearer of dispatches to France, in 1801, by 
 President Adams. He died in Washington City, 
 March 30, 1814, aged fifty two years. 
 
 Daivson, 'John B, — He was horn at Nashville, 
 Tennessee, in 1800, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Louisiana from 1841 to the time of his 
 death, which occurred at St. Francisville, Louisiana, 
 June 36, 1845. He had repeatedly served in the 
 Legislature of Louisiana ; was a Militia General of 
 the State ; and was Judge of the Parish Court in , 
 which he resided before his election to Congress. 
 
 Dawson, John L, — He was bom in Union- 
 town, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 7, 
 1813 ; was educated at Washington College ; adopted 
 the profession of law ; was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Polk, in 1845, United States Attorney for the 
 Western District of Pennsylvania ; was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 second and Thirty-third Congresses, serving during 
 the last term as Chairman of the Committee on Agri- 
 culture ; and in 1863 was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee 
 on Foreign Affairs, and also of the Committee on 
 Public Lands. He was the author of the Homestead 
 Bill which passed in 1854 ; and a Delegate to the 
 Baltimore Conventions of 1844, 1848, and 1860, and 
 to the Cincinnati Convention of 1856, when, on the 
 part of Pennsylvania, he delivered the speech ac- 
 knowledging the nomination of Mr. Buchanan. He 
 was apjiointed Governor of Kansas by President 
 Pierce, in 1855, but declined the appointment ; re- 
 elected in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Rules and Foreign Affairs ; was 
 a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. 
 Died in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, September 18, 
 1870. 
 
 Dawson, William C. — Born in Greene County, 
 
 Georgia, January 4, 1798, and died May 5, 1856. He 
 graduated at Franklin College in 1816 ; studied law 
 at home and at Litchfield, Connecticut ; and having 
 been admitted to the bar, settled at Greensborough 
 in 1818, where he was eminently successful as a jury 
 lawyer. He was for twelve years Clerk of the House 
 of Representatives of Georgia, and several times 
 Senator and Representative in the Legislature. He.- 
 was a Representative in Congress from Georgia- from 
 1837 to 1843 ; and in 1845 he was appointed'Jtcdge of 
 the Ockmulgee Circuit ; and from 1849 to 1855 he was 
 a Senator of the United States, where he served on 
 important Committees, and spoke on many questions 
 of national interest, and commanded a wide in- 
 fluence. 
 
 Dawson, William J. — A Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1793 to 1795. 
 
 Day, Hoivland. — He was a member of the New 
 York Assembly in 1816 and 1817, and was a Repre- 
 
114 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 sentativs in Congress from tliat State from 1823 to 
 1835, and again from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Day, Thomas. — Born at New Preston, Connec- 
 ticut, in 1777 ; graduated at Yale College in 1797 ; 
 was tutor in Williams College in 1798; studied law, 
 and settled in Hartford in 1799 ; he was Assistant 
 Secretary of State in 1809, and Secretary in 1810 ; held 
 that office until 1835; was Associate Judge of the 
 County Court from 1815 to 1825, when he was made 
 Chief Judge of that court, and held that office till 
 1883 ; was Judge of the City Court of Hartford from 
 1818 to 1831 ; was one of the Committee to prepare 
 the Statutes of 1808, and of 1821 and 1824 ; reported 
 the decisions of the Court of Errors, from 1805 to 
 1853, published in twenty vohinies ; was an original 
 member of the Connecticut Historical Society, and 
 President of it from 1839 till his death ; also Presi- 
 ident of the Wad.sworth Athen;eum and a liberal con- 
 tributor. Died at Hartford, March 1, 1855. 
 
 Dny, Timothy C. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 was elected a Representative from tliat State to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Day an, Charles, — Born at Amsterdam, New 
 York, July 16,1792; until fourteen years of age lie 
 worked in a mill ; at that time he began to study, and 
 was successful ; taught school for four winters at a 
 monthly price of two dollars per munth ; studied law, 
 and was a successful practitioner for many years. He 
 was a Itepresentative in Congress from New York 
 from 1831 to 1833 ; a State Senator in 1837 and 1828 ; 
 acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1829 ; and a member 
 of tlie Assembly in 1835 and 1836. He was also Dis- 
 trict Attorney for Lewis County for five years. 
 
 Dayton, Aaron O, — He was born in New Jer- 
 sey, and in 1838 he was appointed the Fourth Audi- 
 tor of tlie Treasury Department, and held the ofiice 
 until 1859. 
 
 Dayton, Elias, — He was an officer of the Revo- 
 lution, and in 1778 was appointed by Congress Colo- 
 nel of the New Jersey Regiment, and at the close of 
 the war was promoted to Brigadier-General, and held 
 the office of Major-Qeneral of Militia. He was a Del- 
 egate to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788. 
 He died at Elizabethtown, July, 1807, aged seventy- 
 one years. 
 
 Dayton, tTonathan. — A native of New Jersey; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1776 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Convention, in 1787, which formed the 
 Constitution, and signed that instrument ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1791 to 1799 ; Speaker 
 of the House of Representatives from 1795 to 1797 ; 
 and was a Senator of the .United States from New 
 Jersey from 1799 to 1805. He was a distinguished 
 statesman, and died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
 October 9, 1834. aged about sixty-eight years. 
 
 Dayton, Kathan. — He was bom in Western 
 New York in 1796 ; educated for the bar and became 
 prominent and influential ; was for many years a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; and died 
 at Lockport, April 36, 1859. 
 
 Dayton, William L, — Bom in Somerset Coun- 
 ty. New Jersey, February 17, 1807 ; graduated at 
 PHnceton College in 1825 ; was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion, having come to the bar in 1830 : was a member 
 of the State Senate of New Jersey in 1837; was ap- 
 pointed one of the Justices of the Superior Court of 
 the State, February 28, 1838, and resigned said office 
 in 1841, and resumed the practice of law ; was a Sen- 
 ator. in Congress from 1843 to 1851. In 1856 he was 
 the Republican Candidate for Vice-President on the 
 
 ticket with J. C. Fremont. In March, 1857, was ap- 
 pointed Attorney-General of New Jersey, which office 
 he held until 1861, when he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln Minister to France. He was also a Re- 
 gent of the Smithsonian Institution. Died in Paris, 
 December 2, 1864. 
 
 Deady, Matthew P, — He was bom near 
 Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, May 13, 1824 ; 
 during his minority he lived in Maryland, Virginia, 
 and Ohio ; studied law, and came to the bar in the lat- 
 ter State in 1847 ; in 1849 he removed to Oregon, 
 where he engaged in teaching and practiced his pro- 
 fession ; in 18.50 he was elected to the Lower House 
 of the Legislature of the Territory, and in 1851 to the 
 Upper House, serving as President ; in 1853 he was 
 appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the Territory, serving until the State was established, 
 when he was appointed Judge of the United States 
 District Court for Oregon, which position he held as 
 late as 1875. In 1857 he was elected a member of the 
 Constitutional Convention which formed the State 
 Constitution, and was President of that body ; in 
 1863 and 1864, by authority of the Legislature, he 
 prepared the Codes of Criminal and Civil Procedure, 
 and the Penal Code of the State ; in 1865 he published 
 the General Laws of the State, and assisted in the 
 same work in 1874. 
 
 Dean, Ezra. — He was bom In New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1841 to 1845. 
 
 Dean, Gilbert. — Was born in Pleasant Valley, 
 Dutchess County, New York. In May, 1837, he en- 
 tered the Amenia Seminary, and in September of the 
 same year he went to Yale College, and graduated in 
 1841. He studied law in Pine Plains, and commenced 
 practice in Poughkeepsie in 1844, attaining eminence 
 in his profession ; and was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853. Was 
 re-elected for a second term, but resigned in 1855 to 
 accept the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 the State. In 1863 he was elected to the Assembly ; 
 and died at Poughkeepsie, in 1870. 
 
 Dean, JTosiah. — He was born in Baynham, Mas- 
 sachusetts, March 16, 1748; was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1.S05 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1807 to 1809. From 1804 to 1807 
 he was a State Senator ; and, in 1810 and 1811, was a 
 member of the State Legislature. Died October 14, 
 1818. 
 
 Dean, Sidney. — He was born in Glastenbury, 
 Hartford County, Connecticut, November 16, 1818. 
 He received only a common-school education ; entered 
 upon active life as a manufacturer ; but subsequently 
 became a clergyman. He served one year in the 
 Legislature of Connecticut; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State in 1855, and re- 
 elected in 1857, officiating, during his first term, as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures, 
 and as a member of the Committee on the District of 
 Columbia. In 1860 he settled in Rhode Island as a 
 clergyman. 
 
 Deane, Silas, — Born at Groton, Connecticut, De- 
 cember 24, 1737 ; graduated at Yale College, 1758 ; 
 settled as a merchant in Wethersfield, Connecticut, 
 and was a Delegate to the Congress of 1774 ; in 1775 
 fitted out a large naval force for the Marine Commit- 
 tee ; in June, 1776, was' commercial and political 
 Agent for the Committee of Secret Correspondence, to 
 operate in France, Holland, and Great Britain, to pro- 
 cure clothing, arms, and munitions of war for twenty- 
 five thousand men and one hundred field-pieces ; was 
 chosen by Congress Ambassador to France, with 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 115 
 
 Franklin and Jefferson, but, tlie latter declining, Ar- 
 thur Lee took his place ; succeeded in negotiatina; 
 treaties with France, which were signed at Paris 
 February 6, 1778. He was given full credit for these 
 inqiortaut services, and it was through him that La- 
 fayette was secured to our country's service. He 
 was, however, recalled November 31, 1777, on ac- 
 count of dissatisfaction in Congress at not being ai)le 
 to meet the engagements which he had made with 
 foreign officers. This recall was accompanied by ft 
 request to obtain information of the stat>; of affairs in 
 Europe, and report immediately to Congress. He re- 
 ceived this dispatch March 4, 1778, and arrived at 
 liome July 10, 1778. He soon saw that he was re- 
 garded with disfavor by Congress, and it was nearly 
 six weeks before any notice was taken of his attend- 
 ance. He was then required to give such a report of 
 his mission as obliged his return to France, which 
 much exasperated him, and caused a controversy with 
 influential members. He was discharged from further 
 attendance on Congress August 6, 1779, and a person 
 appointed to audit his accounts. He reached France 
 in 1780, and met with much delay on the part of the 
 person appointed to settle his accounts. He published 
 letters charging the French Cabinet with intrigue, 
 and, becoming obnoxious to them, withdrew to the 
 Netherlands, impoverished almost to penury. Im- 
 bittered and exasperated, he became estranged from 
 his country, and went to England. Dr. Franklin tes- 
 tified to his probity and honesty, but the enmity of 
 Lee prevailed against him in Congress, and was the 
 cause of his ruin. In 1843 his claims were adjusted 
 by Congress, and a large sum was paid over to his 
 heirs. His diplomatic correspondence, his "Narra- 
 tive," " An Address to the Free and Independent Citi- 
 zens of the United States," printed in Hartford and 
 London, and a volume entitled "Paris Papers, or 
 Deane's Late Intercepted Letters to Ilis Brother and 
 other Friends," published in New York — all tend to 
 exonerate his conduct, and satisfy the reader of the 
 present day that he was a man of eminent ability and 
 misrepresented. He died in England, at Deal, August 
 23, 1789. 
 
 Dearborn, Henry. — Was a native of New 
 
 Hampshire, and settled in the practice of physic at 
 Portsmouth. He was a Captain in Stark's regiment 
 at the battle of Bunker Hill ; he accompanied Arnold 
 in the expedition through the wilderness of Maine to 
 Quebec ; he was captured by the British, and put into 
 close confinement, but in May, 1776, was permitted to 
 return on parole ; in March, 1777, he was exchanged ; 
 he served as a Major in the army under Gates, at the 
 capture of Burgoyne. He distinguished himself at 
 the battle of Monmouth by a gallant charge on the 
 enemy. Dearborn being sent to ask for further or- 
 ders, Washington inquired, by way of commendation, 
 " What troops are those 1" " Full-blooded Yankees 
 from New Hampshire, sir," was the reply. In 1779 
 he accompanied Sullivan in his expedition against the 
 Indians ; in 1780 he was with the army in New Jer- 
 sey ; in 1781 he was at Yorktown, at the surrender of 
 Cornwallis ; in 1789 Washington appointed him Mar- 
 shal of the District of Maine. He was elected a mem- 
 ber of Congress from Massachusetts from 1793 to 
 1797. In 1801 he was appointed Secretary of War, 
 and held the office till 1809, when he was appointed 
 to the office of Collector of Boston. In 1813 he re- 
 ceived a commission as senior Major-General in the 
 Army of the United States. In the spring of 1813 he 
 captured York, in Upper Canada, and Fort George, at 
 the mouth of the Niagara. He was recalled by Presi- 
 dent Madison in July. He was ordered to assume the 
 command of the military district of New York city. 
 In 1833 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Portugal ; two years after, he returned to America at 
 his own request. He died in 1829, aged seventy-eight 
 years. 
 
 Dearborn, Henri/ A, S, — Born in 1783, in Ex- 
 eter, New Hampshire; was educated at William and 
 Mary College, Virginia, and commenced the study of 
 law in Washington, while his father was Secretary 
 of War under Jefferson. He finished his studies at 
 Salem. Massachusetts, and commenced to practice in 
 that city. He removed to Portland, and superin- 
 tended the erection of the forts in the harbor. He 
 was appointed Collector of Boston by President Mad- 
 ison (having been previously made Deputy Collector 
 by his father when Collector), as an inducement for 
 his father to accept the command of the army, and 
 he held the office until removed by General Jack.son 
 in 1839. In 1813 he was Brigadier of Militia, and had 
 the command of the troops in Boston harbor. In 
 1831 was a member of the Convention for revising 
 the Constitution of Massachusetts. In 1839 was a 
 Kepresentative in the Legislature from Roxbury ; and 
 the same year chosen Executive Councilor, and the 
 following year a State Senator. From 1831 to 1883 
 he was a Representative in Congress. He was soon 
 appointed Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, and 
 continued in that office till 1843, when he was re- 
 moved for lending some of the State arms during the 
 Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island. In 1847 was chosen 
 Mayor of Roxbury, which office he held until his 
 death. While in the Custom-house in Boston he 
 wrote and publi.'ihed three volumes on the "Com- 
 merce of the Black Sea." He also wrote a biography 
 of Commodore Bainbridge. and one of his father ; a 
 book on Architecture, and a Life of Christ. He died 
 in Portland, Maine, July 39, 1851. 
 
 Deberry, Edmvntl. — Born in Montgomery 
 County, North Carolina, August 14. 1787. He was 
 educated at the ordinary schools of the county, and 
 having entered public life, in 1806, as amenjber of the 
 State Legi.slature, he continued to serve there, with 
 occasional intermissions, until 1838 ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from North Carolina from 
 1839 to 1831, from 1833 to 1845, and again from 1849 
 to 1851. Died in his native county in 1859. 
 
 De Bolt, Bezin A. — Born in Fairfield County, 
 Ohio, January 30, 1838 ; received a common-school 
 education and learned the trade of a tanner; read 
 law, went to the bar in 1854, and removed to Mis- 
 souri in IS.W; was for two years a Commissioner of 
 Public Schools; entered the Volunteer Army as a Cap- 
 tain, and having been captured at Sliiloh, spent more 
 than a year in a Sonthern prison ; on being released 
 he resigned his commission and resumed his profes- 
 sion; re-entered the army in 1864, and saw some 
 service as a Major ; was elected Circuit Judge, and 
 continued in the office until elected a Representative 
 from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 De Bow, James D. B. — Born in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, July 10, 1830 ; graduated at Charles- 
 ton College in 1843; was previously employed for 
 seven years in a mercantile house, and afterwards 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Charles- 
 ton in 1844; but became editor of the Soiitlierii Quar- 
 terly Rcmeic ; an article by him upon " Oregon and 
 the Oregon Question" attracted much attention and 
 occasioned a debate in the French Chamber of Depu- 
 ties. In 1845 he removed to New Orleans and estab- 
 lished De Bow's Commircinl Review ; was Professor 
 of Political Economy and Commercial Statistics in 
 the University of Louisiana in 1848 ; and was for 
 three years the head of the Census Bureau of Louis- 
 iana ; in 1853 was appointed Superintendent of the 
 United States Census ; was President of the Commer- 
 cial Convention at Knoxville in 1857 ; he contributed 
 several articles to the " Encyclopedia Britannica; " was 
 one of the founders of the Louisiana Historical So- 
 ciet3', now the Academy of Science. He discontinued 
 the publication of the Review during the civil war ; 
 
116 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 and resumed it again in New Tork. and afterward at 
 Nasliville. He was tlie autlior of " Encyclopedia of 
 the Trade and Commerce of tlie United States," and 
 " Tlie Southern States, their Agriculture, Commerce, 
 etc. ," and " Industrial Resources of the Southwest," 
 and " Compendium of the Seventh United States 
 Census." Died in Elizabeth, New Jersey, February 
 37, 1867. 
 
 Defrees, tTohn D. — He was born in Sparta, 
 Tennessee, November 10, 1810 ; after receiving a 
 year's schooling in a log school-house, he began at 
 the age of thirteen to learn the business of printing; 
 read law with Thomas Corwin in Ohio ; settled at 
 South Bend, Indiana, in 1831 ; served in the Legisla- 
 ture of that State for eight years ; was for many 
 years the owner and editor of the Indiana State 
 Journal, and in 1801 he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln, Superintendent of Public Printing. His 
 younger brother, Joseph H. Defrees, was a Reijresent- 
 ative in Congress. 
 
 Defrees, Joseph H, — He was bom in Carthage, 
 AVhite County, Tennessee, May 13, 1813 ; received a 
 good common-school education; spent his early days 
 engaged in the printing business, but subsequently 
 turned his attention to merchandizing in Indiana ; in 
 1830 he was elected Sheriff of Elkhart County, and 
 re-elected in 1838; in 1849 he was elected to the In- 
 diana Legislature ; in 1850 to the State Senate ; and 
 in 18G4 he was chosen a Representative from Indi- 
 ana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, .serving on the 
 Committees on Banking and Currency, and Roads 
 and Canals. 
 
 Degener, JSdivard. — He was born in Bruns- 
 wick, Germany, October 20,1809; received an aca- 
 demic education in England and Germany ; was mem- 
 ber of a legislative body in Anhalt-Dessau, and a 
 member of the first German parliament in Frankfort; 
 came to the United States in 18.^0, and settled in Sis- 
 terdale, Texas, as a farmer ; was court-martialed and 
 imprisoned by the Confederates for his devotion to 
 the Union cause ; after his release he remained in 
 San Antonio and engaged in mercantile pursuits ; 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 
 1866, in which he favored universal suffrage; was 
 again a member of the Constitutional Convention in 
 1808 ; and was elected to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on several Committees. 
 
 DeGraff, tTohn I, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839, and 
 again from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 DeitZ, Williani, — He was born in Schoharie 
 County, New York, and was a member of the New 
 York Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837 ; and 
 a State Senator from 1830 to 1833. 
 
 De tfarnette, Daniel C. — Born in Caroline 
 County, Virginia, in 1833 ; received a liberal educa- 
 tion ; adopted the occupation of a farmer ; served 
 many years in the Legislature of Virginia ; and was 
 elected a Representative from tliat State to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee ou 
 Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 District of Columbia. Withdrew in 1861. 
 
 Delahay, Marie IF.— He was an early emi- 
 grant to Kansas, and was appointed United States 
 J udge of the United States District Court for the 
 District of Kansas. 
 
 Delano, Charles. Born in Braintree, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1830 ; graduated at Amherst College in 
 
 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1843 ; in 
 1850 he was appointed Treasurer of Hampshire 
 County ; and he was elected a Representative from 
 Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing as a member of the Committee on Revolution- 
 ary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress. 
 
 Delano, Columbus. — He was bom in Shore 
 ham, Vermont, in 1809 ; removed to Mount Vernon 
 Ohio, in 1817 ; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and 
 became eminently successful, both as a criminal prose 
 cutor and an advocate. In 1844 he was elected a Rep 
 resentative from Ohio to the Twenty-ninth Congress 
 and served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions 
 In 1847 he was a candidate for Governor, but lacked 
 two votes of a nomination. In 1860 he was a Delegate 
 to the Chicago Convention. In 1861 he was appointed 
 Commissary-General of Ohio, and filled the office with 
 great success until the general government assumed 
 the subsistence of all State troops. In 1863 he was a 
 candidate for United States Senator, but again lacked 
 two votes of nomination. In 1863 he was elected to 
 the House of Representatives of Ohio, and was a 
 prominent member of that body, taking a leading 
 part in shaping the important legislation of that ses- 
 sion. In 1864 he was a member of the Baltimore Con- 
 vention, and Chairman of the Ohio Delegation, zeal- 
 ously supporting President Lincoln and Andrew John- 
 son. He was re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. 
 Having relinquished the practice of his profession, he 
 became extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
 and the business of banking. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; 
 and, in 1868, having contested the seat of G. W. Mor- 
 gan for the Fortieth Congress, he was successful, and 
 became a member of the House. After leaving Con- 
 gress he was appointed Commissioner of Internal Rev- 
 enue ; also appointed Secretary of the Interior Depart- 
 ment by President Grant, in 1870, and resigned in 
 1875. 
 
 DeJaplaine, Isaac C. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was elected a Representative from that 
 State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 De Larfje, liobert C. — Bom in Aiken, South 
 Carolina, March 15, 1843 ; bred a farmer ; was agent 
 of the Freedmen's Bureau in 1807 ; in 1868 he was 
 elected to the State Constitutional Convention ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature from 1868 to 1870 ; 
 was one of the State Commissioners of the Sinking 
 Fund ; elected, in 1870, State Land Commissioner ; 
 and he was elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 De Lisle, Moreau, — He was appointed, in 1808 
 by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the 
 Territory of Orleans. 
 
 Dellet, .Tames. — He was a native of Ireland, and 
 one of the early graduates of the University of South 
 Carolina, having left it in 1810; he adopted the pro- 
 fession of law, coming to the bar in 1813 ; was a Com- 
 missioner in Equity ; removed to Alabama in 1818, 
 where he was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court, 
 and frequently represented his county in the State 
 Legislature, and was a Representati\e in Congress 
 from Alabama from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 
 to 1845. He died at Claiboume, December 31, 1848, 
 aged sixty years. 
 
 Delmar, Ale.iratKler. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, August 9, 1836 ; was editor of the Social Sdenee 
 Review, in 1804 ; in 1866 he was appointed Director of 
 the Bureaxi of Statistics, which he assisted in organ- 
 izing, holding the office until it was abolished ; he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 117 
 
 subsequently devoted some attention to literary pur- 
 suits, and printed an account of his experience in the 
 Treasury Department, as well as several works on po- 
 litical economy. 
 
 De LoHf), Charles E. — He was a citizen of Ne- 
 vada ; appointed Minister Resident to Japan, in 1869, 
 and, in 1870, commissioned as Minister Plenipotentiary 
 to the same country, where he remained until 1873, 
 and returned to the United States. 
 
 Demiiiff, Benjamin F. — He was bom at Dan- 
 ville, Vermont ; received a common-school education ; 
 served a number of years as a clerk in a store ; was 
 Clerk of the Court in his native county for sixteen 
 years ; and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Vermont for the term from 1833 to 1835, but 
 died at Saratoga Springs, whither he had gone for his 
 health, July 11, 1834. 
 
 Dent hit/, Henry C — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; graduated at Yale College in 1836, and at the 
 Law School of Harvard College in 1838 ; he was a 
 member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1849 and 
 1850, and also from 1859 to 1861, serving as Speaker 
 during the latter year. In 1851 he was a member of 
 the State Senate. He subsequently presided over the 
 City of Hartford as Mayor for six years. In 1861, as 
 Colonel of the Twelfth Regiment of Connecticut 
 Volunteers, he went to New Orleans, and participated 
 in the capture of that city. In October, 1862, he was 
 appointed Mayor of New Orleans, which position he 
 held until February, 1863, when he resigned both 
 that office and his commission in the army, and re- 
 turned home. Two months afterwards he was elected 
 a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the Death of President Lincoln, as well as on his 
 former Committees ; and was one of the Represent- 
 atives appointed to attend the funeral of tieneral 
 Scott, in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. He was 
 subsequently appointed a Collector of Internal Rev- 
 enue, and died in Hartford, October 9, 1872. 
 
 De Moft, tTohn. — He was born in New Jersey ; 
 was a member of the New York Assembly in 1833 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Denio, Hirani. — Born in Rome, New Y^ork, 
 May 21, 1799 ; received an academical education, 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1821 ; in 1825 he 
 was appointed District Attorney, and held the position 
 nine years, residing in Utica ; in 1834 appointed 
 Judge of the Fifth Circuit in the State ; in 1853 he 
 was appointed a Judge of the Court of Appeals, serv- 
 ing by re-elections until 1866, and obtaining a very 
 high reputation for judicial ability. Published Re- 
 ports of the Supreme Court of New York, from 1845 
 to 1848, five volumes ; "Revised Statutes of New 
 York," fourth edition, two volumes, 1852 ; by' Denio 
 and William Tracy. Among his other public posi- 
 tions were those of Clerk of the Supreme Court, 
 Bank Commissioner, and Trustee of Hamilton Col- 
 lege ; and he received from the latter institution tlie 
 degree of LL.D. Died in Utica, November 5, 1871. 
 
 Denison, Charles. — Was born in Wyoming 
 Valley, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1818 ; graduated 
 at Dickinson College in 1829 ; adopted and practiced 
 the profession of law ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee of Indian Affairs. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 
 the Committees on Indian Affairs and Expenditures 
 in the Navy Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress, but died in Wilkesbarre, June 37, 1867. 
 
 Denison, DutUey C. — Born in Royalton, Ver- 
 mont, September 13, 1819 ; educated at the Univer- 
 sity of Vermont ; adopted the profession of law ; was 
 elected to the State Legislature, and also to the Sen- 
 ate; was for a time District Attorney for the United 
 States, and in 1874 was elected a Representative from 
 Vermont to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Denning, William. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Eleventh Congress, 
 but did not qualify, having resigned. 
 
 Dennis, George JR. — He was born in White 
 Haven, Somerset County, Maryland, April 8, 1822 ; 
 graduated at the Polytechnic lystitute of Troy, New 
 York, and entered the University of Virginia ; studied 
 medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and 
 graduated in 1843 ; practiced his profession for many 
 years, but retired, and has since devoted his attention 
 principally to agricultural pursuits; was President 
 of the Eastern Shore Railroad ; was a Delegate from 
 the State at large to the National Whig Convention, 
 at Philadelphia, in 1856, and also to the Democratic 
 National Convention, at New Y'ork, in 1868, serving 
 as one of the Vice-Presidents of that body ; was 
 elected to the State Senate of Maryland in 1854, to 
 the House of Delegates in 1867, and again to the Sen- 
 ate in 1871 ; and was elected to the United States Sen- 
 ate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 
 1879, serving on the Committees ou Commerce, Claims, 
 and Senate Expenses. 
 
 Dennis, John. — He was born in Somerset 
 County, Maryland, December 17, 1771 ; educated at 
 Princeton College ; studied law, and came to the bar ; 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Mary- 
 land in 1796 ; and was re-elected to the five succes- 
 sive Congresses, and was a prominent member of the 
 Judiciary Committee. He died in Philadelphia, August 
 17, 1807, soon after ending his honorable career in 
 Congress. His son bearing the same name was also 
 a member of Congress. 
 
 Dennis, John. — He was born in Somerset 
 County, Maryland, in 1807 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. He was 
 also twice elected to tlie State Legislature, and was a 
 member of the Maryland State Convention in 1850. 
 He was educated for the bar, but relinquished pro- 
 fessional life for the pursuits of agriculture. Died of 
 consumption, November 1, 1859; son of John Dennis, 
 who was a member of Congress. 
 
 Dennis, Littleton P. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1803 ; served many years in the Legisla- 
 ture of Maryland, and was elected a Representative 
 to Congress from Maryland in 1838 ; died at Wash- 
 ington, April 14, 1834, before the expiration of his 
 term in Congress. He was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1800, 1812, 1816, 1834, and 1828. 
 
 Dennison, George.— ^.e was born in Luzerne 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1819 to 1823. He 
 was for many years Register and Recorder of Luzerne 
 County, and, before as" well as after his service in 
 Congress, was frequently returned to the Legislature, 
 and died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1831, 
 while in office. 
 
 Dennison, William. — Bom in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, November 23, 1815 ; graduated at the Miami 
 University in 1835 ; studied law and came to the bar 
 in 1840 ; settled in Columbus, where he practiced his 
 
118 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 l)rofession until 1848 ; during tliat year he was elect- 
 ed to the Legislature; in 1853 he was a Presidential 
 Elector ; and about that time was made President of 
 the Exchange Bank of Columbus, and also President 
 of the Columbus and Xeuia Railroad Company ; in 
 185G he was a Delegate to the " Pittsburg Conven- 
 tion," which inaugurated the Republican party, and 
 took an active part in its proceedings ; was also a 
 Delegate to the "Philadelphia Convention" of the 
 same year ; in 1860 and 18G1 he was Governor of Ohio, 
 and did much toward organizing the Volunteer Army 
 for subduing the Rebellion ; he was Chairman of the 
 "Ohio Convention " held in 1863 ; a Delegate to the 
 " Baltimore Convention " of 1861. over which he 
 presided as President ; and in October, 1864, he 
 became a member of President Lincoln's Cabinet as 
 Postmaster-General, which position he resigned. In 
 1874 he was appointed one of the Commissioners for 
 the Government of the District of Columbia. 
 
 Denny, Arthur A. — He was born in Indiana in 
 1833 ; went with his parents to Knox County, Illinois, 
 when fourteen years of age ; was for eight years 
 Surveyor of Knox County. In 1851 he removed xo 
 the Pacific coast, and settled at Puget's Sound, in 
 what is now called Washington Territory. He was a 
 member of the Territorial Legislature from 1853 to 
 1861 ; four years Register of the Land Office at 
 Olympia ; and was elected a Delegate from Washing- 
 ton Territory to the Thirty-ninth Congress. 
 
 Denny, ITartnar, — Born in Pittsburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1794; graduated at Dickinson College ; 
 was a member of the Legislature of his native State, 
 and a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1837 ; 
 and a member of the Convention which formed the 
 present Constitution of Pennsylvania. He died in 
 Pittsburg, January 29, 1853. 
 
 Denoyelles, Peter,— Be was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Dent, George, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1801, and was 
 appointed in the latter year United States Marshal for 
 the Potomac District. During the third session of the 
 Fifth Congress he was elected Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives. 
 
 Dent, William B, W, — He was born in Mary- 
 land, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Georgia from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Denver, James W. — Born in Winchester, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1818. When quite young he emigrated to 
 Ohio with his parents ; received a good education ; in 
 1841 he went to Missouri, where he taught school and 
 studied law ; he served in the Mexican War as a Cap- 
 tain, under appointment fi-om President Polk ; in 
 1850 he went to California, where he was appointed 
 a member of a Relief Committee to protect emigrants, 
 and afterwards Secretary of State of California ; he 
 was a Representative from California in the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress ; by President Buclianan he was ap- 
 pointed the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, which 
 office he resigned to accept the appointment of Gover- 
 nor of the Territory of Kansas, which position he re- 
 signed in November, 1858, and was reappointed Com- 
 missioner of Indian Affairs. Resigned, March, 1859. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers' 
 Convention " of 1866 ; and settled in Washington 
 City as an Attorney-at-Law. 
 
 Derbigny, Peter,— In 1830 he was one of three 
 Commissioners to revise the laws of Louisiana; and 
 was Governor of that State from 1838 to his death, 
 which occurred October 6, 1839. 
 
 Desaussure, Henry W, — Born in 1764; was a 
 lawyer by profession ; was engaged in the defense of 
 Charleston during the Revolutionary War, and after 
 the organization of the United States Government 
 was appointed by Washington Director of the Mint ; 
 he filled this office a short time, and returned to 
 Charleston to resume the practice of law, and rose 
 to eminence ; was Chancellor of South Carolina 
 from 1808 to 1837. He published four volumes of 
 Equity Reports, which contain the early decisions of 
 the Equity Court of South Carolina ; and delivered 
 an oration before the South Carolina Historical 
 Society, July 4, 1798. Died in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, March 39, 1839. 
 
 Desaussure, William F, — He was born in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, in 1793 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1810 ; adopted the profession 
 of law, and was a Senator in Congress from his 
 native State from 1853 to 1853. 
 
 Desha, Joseph, — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 December 9, 1768, and emigrated to Kentucky in 
 1781 ; in 1794 he served as a volunteer in the expedi- 
 tion against the Indians, under General Wayne ; 
 served for a time in the State Legislature ; fought at 
 the battle of the Thames as a Major-General ; was a 
 Representative in Congress frtmi Kentucky from 
 1807 to 1819; was Governor of Kentucky for four 
 years from 1834 ; and died at Georgetown, Kentucky, 
 October 13, 1843. 
 
 Desha, Hohert, — He was a prominent merchant 
 of Mobile, and a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee from 1837 to 1831. He was the brother of 
 Joseph Desha. He died February 8, 1849. 
 
 Destrihan, John Noel, — He was a Senator 
 in Congress from Louisiana for a part of the year 
 1813. 
 
 Dewart, Lewis, — He was a native of Penn.syl- 
 vania, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Deivart, Williafn L, — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania ; was a lawyer by profession, and was a 
 member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from his native 
 State. He was Chairman of the Committee on Un- 
 fiuithed Business. 
 
 Deweese, John T, — He was born in Crawford 
 County, Arkansas, June 4, 1835 ; studied law and 
 adopted that profession ; entered the Volunteer Army 
 in 1861 ; i)romoted to the rank of Colonel in 1863 ; 
 and after the war was commissioned a Lieutenant in 
 the Regular Army, and stationed in North Carolina. 
 After holding the office of Register in Bankruptcy 
 for a time, he was elected a Representative from 
 North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving ou 
 the Connnittee on the Militia ; and in 1868. he was 
 re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Indian Affairs, Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions, and as Chairman of those ou tlie Interior 
 Department and Revolutionary Pensions, but left 
 under a cloud. 
 
 Dewey, Daniel, — Born in Sheffield, Massachu- 
 setts, January 39, 1766 ; was a lawyer, having studied 
 under Theodore Sedgwick, and attained a high 
 rank in his profession. He was a member of the 
 Council of the State, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts in 1813 and 1814, when he 
 resigned ; was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Massachusetts in 1814. He died June 3, 
 1815. 
 
 Dewey, Nelson, — He was the first Governor of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 119 
 
 Wisconsin after it became a State, serving as such 
 from 1848 until ISHl. 
 
 De Witt, Alc.rander.— Born in Worcester 
 County, MassacliQsctts. April 2, 1797 ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in tlie Jlassacliusetts Legislature from 1830 
 to 1836 ; devoted liiiuselt to the manufacturing busi- 
 ness ; was a Bank President ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1853 to 
 1857. He was also a State Senator in 1842, 1844, 
 1850, and 1851 ; and a member of tbe Constitutional 
 Convention of 1853. 
 
 De Witt, Charles. — He was born in 1728. was a 
 Delegate from New York to the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1783 to 1785 ; and died at Kingston, New 
 York, in September, 1787. 
 
 De Witt, Charles G, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831 and 
 appointed Charge d'Affaires for Central America in 
 1833. Died at Newburg, April 13, 1839. 
 
 De Witt, David Miller,— lie was born in 
 Paterson, New Jersey, November 25, 1837 ; graduated 
 at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1858 ; studied 
 law in New York and Brooklyn, and practiced liis 
 profession ; was elected District Attorney of Ulster 
 County in 1862, and re-elected in 1865 ; and was 
 elected to tlie Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Private Laud Claims. 
 
 De Witt, JTuvoh M. — He was born in Ulster 
 County, New York, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1819 to 1821 ; and a mem- 
 ber of the New York Assembly in 183!) and in 1847. He 
 died at Kingston, New Yorli, January 30, 1857, aged 
 seventy-three years. 
 
 De Wolfe, James. — He was a Senator of the 
 United States from Rhode Island from 1821 to 1825, 
 when he resigned, and died in the City of New York, 
 December 21, 1837, aged seventy-four years. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel. — Was a native of Massachu- 
 setts, and born May 14, 1761 ; he graduated at Har- 
 vard College in 1781 ; and, having studied law at 
 Worcester with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to profes- 
 sional eminence. He was a member of the House of 
 Representatives in Congress from Massachusetts, 
 from 1793 to 1795, and was elected to the Senate, 
 serving from 1799 to 1800. During the administra- 
 tion of John Adams he was appointed Secretary of 
 War in 1800, and Secretary of the Treasury in Janu- 
 ary. 1801 ; and, for a short time, also had the charge 
 of the Department of State. On the accession of Mr. 
 Jefferson to the Presidency he held the office of Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury, and not complying with an 
 intimation to resign, Mr. Gallatin was appointed in 
 his place. In 1812 he abandoned the party to which 
 he had always been attached, and became a leader on 
 the other .side, and, as such, was a candidate for 
 Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 and 1816, in op- 
 position to Governor Brooks. A mission to Spain was 
 offered Inm, by President Madison, in 1815. He died 
 May 3. 1816, in Athens, New York. He was a warm 
 advocate of temperance, and published various papers 
 on science, freemasonry, and politics. 
 
 Dihrell, George G. — Born on a farm in White 
 
 County, Tennessee, April 12, 1822 ; was educated at 
 Knoxville College ; in 1840 was elected Clerk of the 
 Bank of Tennessee, at Sparta: in 1846 he declined a 
 re-election and engaged in mercantile business ; in 
 1848 was made Clerk of the County Court ; was re- 
 elected three times successively, but resigned in 1860. 
 In 1861 he was elected as Union candidate for the 
 Convention ; in August of the same year was elected 
 
 to the Legislature, but volunteered in the Confederate 
 service. In 1862 he raised a regiment of cavalry, and 
 served till 1863 in General Forrest's Brigade ; was 
 made Brigadier-General in 1864. Took charge of tlie 
 archives at Greensborough after the surrender; 
 returned to his farm after the war ; and in 1869 was 
 chosen a Delegate to the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion, and was elected President of the South-western 
 Railroad. In 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Dick, John, — He was a citizen of Louisiana, and 
 in 1821 he was appointed Judge of the United States 
 Court for the District of Louisiana. 
 
 Dick, John. — Was born in Pennsylvania, was 
 bred a merchant ; and was a member of Congress 
 from said State in 1854 and 1855 : and was re-elected 
 to the Thirty-fourtli and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serv- 
 ing as a member of the Committee on Accounts. 
 
 Dick, Hobert P. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina, resided in Greensborough, and in 1872 he was 
 appointed United States Judge for the Western Dis- 
 trict of North Carolina. 
 
 Dick, Samuel. — He was a physician, and a Del- 
 egate to the Continental Congress from New Jersey 
 in 1783 and 1784. Died in New Jersey in Novem- 
 ber, 1812. 
 
 Dickens, Asbury. — He was born in North Car- 
 olina in 1773 ; received a good education ; spent his 
 early life in Philadelphia ; afterwards spent several 
 years in Europe ; was a clerk in the Treasury Depart- 
 ment under Secretary Crawford ; Chief Clerk of the 
 State Department under Secretary Van Buren. and he 
 was Secretary of the United States Senate from 1836 
 to 1861. Died in Washington, October 23, 1861. 
 
 Dickens, Samuel. — A Representative in Con- 
 gress from North Carolina during the years 1816 and 
 1817. 
 
 Dickerson, Mahlon.— Born in Morris County, 
 New Jersey, April 17, 1770 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1789 ; studied law, and in early life re- 
 sided in Pennsylvania, where he was Recorder of 
 the City of Philadelphia, and subsequently Quarter- 
 master-General of the State ; he returned to New 
 Jersey, and was elected to the Legislature of that 
 State. He was Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 New Jersey, and, was elected Governor of that 
 State in 1815, and held the office until 1817, when he 
 was chosen United States Senator from New Jersey, 
 and continued in that office for sixteen years, serving 
 as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, as 
 well as others. In 1834 he became Secretary of the 
 Navy in the Cabinet of President Jackson, and held 
 that office until 1838, some two years after the 
 accession of President Van Buren. For two years he 
 was President of the American Institute. Before en- 
 tering the Navy Department he was appointed Minis- 
 ter to Russia, but declined. He died in Morris Coun- 
 ty, New Jersey, October 5, 18.53, having in his later 
 years been extensively engaged in the iron business. 
 
 Dickerson, Philemon. — He was the brother 
 of Mahlon Dickerson, a native of New Jersey, and a 
 Representative in Congress from the Paterson District 
 in that State from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1839 
 to 1841. In 1836 he was Governor of New Jersey, 
 and wa.s subsequently appointed Judge of the United 
 States District Court for New Jersey. Died at Pater- 
 son, New Jersey, December 10, 1863, aged about 
 seventy years. 
 
 Dickey, Jesse C. — He was born in Peunsyl- 
 
120 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 tliat State from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Diclceif, •John, — He was a member of Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1843 to 184o, and from 1847 
 to 1849 ; and, at the time of his death, was United 
 States Marshal for Western Pennsylvania. He died 
 in Beaver County, March 14, 1853. 
 
 Dickei), Oliver fJ. — He was born in Brighton, 
 Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1823 ; passed 
 through tlie junior year at Dickinson College ; studied 
 law in Lancaster ; never held any public office, except 
 District Attorney for Lancaster County from 1856 to 
 1859 ; was elected to fill the vacancy in the Fortieth 
 Congress caused by the death of Thaddeus Stevens, 
 with whom he had studied law ; was elected to the 
 Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on 
 the Committees on Appropriations and the Navy De- 
 partment. 
 
 Diekei/, T, Ljlle. — He was a citizen of Illinois, 
 from which State he was in 1806 appointed Assistant 
 Attorney-Ueneral of the United States, serving in the 
 office only about a year. 
 
 DirkiitsoH, Andrew B, — He was a citizen of 
 New York, and in 1861 was appointed Minister 
 Resident to Nicai'agua, where he remained until 
 1869. He received two commissions, the last one 
 making him Minister Extraordinary. 
 
 Dichiuso)!. Daniel S. — He was born in Goshen, 
 Litchfield County, Connecticut, September 11, 1800 ; 
 removed with his father to Chenango County, New 
 York, in 1806 ; received a common-school education ; 
 in 1821 he entered upon the duties of a school- 
 teacher, and, without the aid of an instructor, mas- 
 tered the Latin language, and became versed in the 
 higher branches of mathematics and other sciences. 
 He studied law, came to the bar in 1830, and settled 
 In Binghamton, where he long practiced his profes- 
 sion with success. In 1836 he was elected to the 
 State Senate, serving from 1837 to 1840 ; was Judge 
 of the Court of Errors from 1836 to 1841 ; from 1842 
 to 1844 he was President of said Court, Lieutenant- 
 Governor, and also President of the Senate ; was a 
 Regent of the University of New York in 1843 ; was 
 a member of the Convention which nominated J. K. 
 Polk for President, and a Presidential Elector in 
 1844 ; he was a Senator in Congress from New 
 York from 1844 to 1851, serving on important Com- 
 mittees, originating and ably supporting several im- 
 portant measures. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Baltimore Conventions of 1848 and 1852. In 1861 he 
 was elected Attorney-General of the State of New 
 York ; was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " 
 of 1864 ; and in 1865 he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln United States District Attorney for the South- 
 ern District of New York ; and died suddenly in that 
 city, April 12, 1866. Before accepting his last pub- 
 lic position he declined several appointments tendered 
 to him by the President of the United States and the 
 Governor of New York. His "Life and Works" 
 were published in 1867, in two volumes. 
 
 Dickinson, David W. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1833 to 1835 ; 
 and again from 1843 to 1845, and died at Franklin, 
 Tennessee, April 27, of the latter year. 
 
 Dickinson, Edward. — He was born in Am- 
 herst. Massachusetts, January 1, 1803, and his father, 
 S. F. , was the founder of the college at that place. 
 He graduated at Yale College in 1823 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1826 ; was made Treasurer of 
 Amherst College, and held the position many years ; 
 was a member of the State Legislature in 1838 and 
 
 1839 ; of the State Senate in 1842 and 1843 ; of the 
 Governor's Council in 1846 and 1847 ; a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1853 to 1855 ; and re-elected to 
 the State Legislature in 1873. On the day of his 
 death (June 16, 1874) *he delivered a speech on the 
 railroad interests of Massachusetts. 
 
 Dickinson, Edirard F. — Born in Fremont, 
 Ohio, January 21, 1829 ; graduated at St, Xavier 
 College in Cincinnati ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 served three years in the Union Army as a Lieutenant 
 and Regimental Quartermaster ; was elected Judge 
 of Probate for Sandusky County in 1866 ; and elected 
 a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining. 
 
 Dickinson, ,Tohn. — He was born in Maryland, 
 November 13, 1732 ; studied law in Philadelphia, and 
 spent three years at the Temple in London. On his 
 return to America he commenced to practice in Phila- 
 delphia. In 1764 he was a member of the Assembly, 
 and in 1765 of the General Congress. He was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, 
 and opposed the Declaration of Independence, fearing 
 the strength of the country insufficient to take so im- 
 portant a stand, but was the only member of Congress 
 to face the enemy a few days after the publication of 
 the Declaration. From 1776 to 1777 he was a Dele- 
 gate to Congress from Delaware, and again from 1779 
 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation as 
 well as the Constitution. In 1781 he was President 
 of that State. In 1782 he was chosen President of 
 Pennsylvania, and filled that office until 1785. In 
 1767 he began to publish his letters against taxation, 
 and wrote the greater portion of the State papers of 
 the First Congress. His collected writings were pub- 
 lished in 1801. He died February 14, 1808, aged 
 seventy-five, at Wilmington. His writings were nu- 
 merous and proved him to be a man of very superior 
 ability. 
 
 Dickinson, •John D. — He was born in Middle- 
 sex County, Connecticut, in 1767 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1785 ; and was a member of Congress from 
 New York from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1827 to 
 1831 ; and died at Troy, January 28, 1841. 
 
 Dickinso)i, Philemon, — In army of New Jer- 
 sey, having been born near Dover, Delaware, April 5, 
 1739 ; was an officer in the American Revolution, and 
 enjoyed a great reputation for courage and zeal in the 
 cause of liberty. He commanded the Jersey Militia 
 at the battle of Monmouth. He was a Delegate from 
 Delaware to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 
 1783 ; and after the organization of the National 
 Government in its present form, he was ap|)ointed a 
 Senator in Congress from 1790 to 1793. Having dis- 
 charged in a satisfactory manner the duties of the 
 several civil and military stations wliich he held, he 
 enjoyed several years of retirement from public life, 
 and died at Trenton, February 4, 1809. 
 
 Dickinson, Itiidolphus. — He was born in 
 Massachusetts, and, having removed to Ohio, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1849. Died in August, 1849. 
 
 Dickson, David, — He was a member of Con- 
 gress from Mississippi in 1835 and 1836, and died at 
 Little Rock, Arkansas, July 31, 1836. 
 
 Dickson, >Tohn, — He graduated at Middlebury 
 College in 1808 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1831 to 1835, and died at West 
 Bloomfield, New York, February 32, 1852. 
 
 Dickson, Sam net, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York during the Thirty-fourth 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 l:?l 
 
 Congress. He died at his residence in New Scotland, 
 New York, May 3, 1858, in consequence of spinal in- 
 juries received while in the faithful discharge of his 
 public duties at Washington. He had been bred a 
 physician, and was universally respected. 
 
 Dichson, Ifitfiatii. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Tennessee from 1801 to 1807. 
 
 DillinffliatH, Paul, Jr. — He was bom in 
 
 Shutesburv, Franklin County, Ma-ssachusetts, Au- 
 gust, 1800 ; removed to Waterbury, Vermont, with 
 his father, in 1805 ; received a good education ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to 
 practice in Washington Countv in 1834. He was 
 Town Clerk of Waterbury from 1829 to 1844, and i 
 Justice of the Peace eighteen years. He was State's 
 Attorney for Washington County from 1835 to 1838 ; 
 and was a member of the Constitutional Convention 
 in 1836 and 1837. He was a Representative to the 
 General Assembly six years, and State Senator in 
 1841 and 1842 ; and elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1843 to 1847, and was a member of the 
 Committee on the Judiciary. He has since that time 
 devoted himself to the practice of his profession ; 
 and was elected Governor of Vermont for the year 
 1866. 
 
 Dillon, tTohn. F. — He was born in Washington 
 County, New York, December 25, 1831 ; went to Iowa 
 with his parents when eight years of age ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1852 ; in that year he was 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney ; in 1858, Judge of the 
 Seventh Judicial District of Iowa; re-elected iu 1862 
 for a second term, but before its expiration he was 
 elected to the Supreme Bench for six years ; he did 
 not qualify, however, because in 1869 he was commis- 
 sioned United States Circuit Judge for the Eighth 
 Judicial Circuit. He is the author of a work on 
 " Municipal Corporations," published in 1873, in two 
 volumes, and also of two volumes of " United States 
 Circuit Court Reports." 
 
 / 
 Ditnan, Byron. — He was Governor of Rhode 
 Islaud for one year, beginning with 1846. 
 
 Dimitry, Alexander. — He was a native of 
 Louisiana, and a man of uncommon culture ; he was 
 at one time a translator in the Department of State ; 
 and in 1859 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Costa Rica and Nicaragua, where he remained until 
 1861. 
 
 Ditnmiclx, Itlilo jyi. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1849 to 1853. Died at Mauch Chunk, 
 November 21, 1872. 
 
 Dimmick, If'il/ifim H. — He was born in Mil- 
 ford, Pilif County, Pennsylvania, December 20, 
 1815 ; he received an academical education, and 
 adopted the profession of law. He was Prosecuting 
 Attorney for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for 
 Wayne County in 1830 and 1837; was a member of 
 the State Senate in 1845, 1846, and 1847; and was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania in the 
 Thirty-fiftli Congress, officiating as Chairman of the 
 Joint Committee on the Library. He was also re- 
 elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
 C(miraittee on Printing. Died at Honesdale, Penn- 
 eylvania, August 2, 1861. 
 
 Diinock, Davis, Jr. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1842. 
 Died January 13, 1842. 
 
 Diniond, Francis M. — He was Governor of 
 Rhode Island for one year, beginning with 1833. 
 
 Dingley. yel son.— 'Born in Durham, Maine, 
 Feliruary 15, 1832 ; prosecuted his studies at Water- 
 villc College, but graduated at Dartmouth College in 
 1855 ; studied law, and though admitted to the bar, 
 never practiced the profession ; in 18.56 he became the 
 proprietor and editor of the I.eirinton Journal ; be- 
 tween the years 1802 and 1873 ho was six times 
 eli^cted to the State Legislature, serving as Speaker 
 in 1863 and 1864 ; in 1873 and also in 1874 he was 
 elected Governor of Maine. Still retains his connec- 
 tion with the Lewiiton Journal. 
 
 Dinsmoor, Samuel. — He was born at London- 
 derry, New Hampshire, in 1766 ; graduated at Dart- 
 moutli College in 1789; was for many years a Major- 
 General of Militia ; a Presidential Elector iu 1821 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from New Hamp- 
 shire from 1811 to 1813 ; a Judge of Probate ; and 
 served as Governor of his native State during the years 
 1831, 1832, and 1833. He died at Keene, March 15, 1835. 
 
 Dinsmoor, Sanniel. — Son of the preceding; 
 born in Keene, New Hiinipshire, May 8, 1799 ; gradu- 
 ated at Dartmouth College in 1814 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar iu 1818; in 1819 he visited Arkansas 
 Territory, where he remained a few years ; from 1826 
 to 1831 he was Clerk of the New Hampshire Senate ; 
 was Governor of that State from 1849 to 1853 ; and 
 died at Keene, February 24, 1869. 
 
 Disney, David T. — He was a native of Balti- 
 more, Maryland, and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 
 1820. He was frequently a member of both branches 
 of the State Legislature of Ohio, and three times 
 elected Speaker. He represented his adopted State iu 
 Congress from 1849 to 18.55. He died in Washington, 
 March 14, 1857, aged fifty-four years. 
 
 Diven, Alexander S. — He was born at the 
 head of Seneca Lake, Town of Catharine, and County 
 of Tioga, New York, February 15, 1809 ; received an 
 academical education; studied law, and adopted that 
 profession ; was a Senator iu the New York Legisla- 
 ture in 1858 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty seventh Congress, serving as 
 a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. 
 
 Dix, .John .4.— Bom in Boscawen, New Hamp- 
 shire, July 24, 1798. He commenced his education 
 by attending the academies at Salisbury and Exeter ; 
 spent one year iu a French College at Montreal ; and, 
 in 1812, was appointed a cadet in the army, but, in- 
 stead of going to West Point, preferred to join the 
 army on the frontier as an Ensign ; and in 1813 he 
 was Acting- .\djutaut of an independent battalion. 
 In 1819 he was Aid-de-Camp to JIajor-General Brown, 
 but devoted his leisure to the study of law ; from 
 that time until 1828, he visited Cuba and traveled in 
 Europe for his health, when he settled at Coopers- 
 town as a lawyer. In 1831 he was Adjutant-General 
 under Governor Throo]i ; in 1833 he was appointed 
 Secretary of State of New York, and was a Regent of 
 the State University ; in 1841 he was elected to the 
 Assembly from Albany ; and after making another 
 visit abroad, was elected to the United States Senate, 
 where he served from 1845 to 1849. In 1820 he re- 
 ceived from Brown University the Degree of Master 
 of Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva College, the De- 
 gree of Doctor of Laws. In 1852 he published a 
 book entitled "A Winter in Madeira." In 1860 he was 
 appointed by President Buchanan, Postmaster of 
 New York ; and in January, 1861, was appointed by 
 Mr. Buchanan Secretary of the Treasury. He served 
 in 1861 and 1862 as a Major-General of Volunteers, 
 and was appointed to tlie same position in the regular 
 army. On the organization of the Pacific Railroad 
 Company he was elected its President. In 1866 he 
 was a Delegate to the " National Union Convention," 
 
122 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 held in Philadelphia ; was appointed hy President 
 Johnson Minister to the Netherlands, but declined ; 
 a few weeks later was appointed Naval Officer for 
 the port of New York, from which position he was 
 soon transferred to France as Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary. He was also Governor of New York from 1873 
 to 1875. 
 
 Dixon, Archibald. — Was born in Caswell 
 County, North Carolina, April 2, 1803, and removed 
 with his father to Henderson County, Kentucky, in 
 1805. He received only a plain English education at 
 the County schools, but made good use of his advan- 
 tages, and at the age of twenty entered upon the 
 study of law, and acquired considerable reputation as 
 a lawyer. In 1830 he was a Representative in the 
 Legislature, and in 1836 in the State Senate, and 
 again in the Lower House in 1841. In 1843 was 
 elected Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky. In 1849 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention for 
 reforming State laws, and was a member of the 
 United States Senate from 1853 to 1855, having been 
 elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resigna- 
 tion of his friend, Henry Clay, and serving as a* lead- 
 ing member of the Committee on Territories. 
 
 Dixon, James. — He was born in Enfield, Con- 
 necticut, August 5, 1814 ; graduated at Williams Col- 
 lege, Massacliusetts, in 1834 ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; was a member of the House in the Legisla- 
 ture of Connecticut in 1837, 1838, and 1844, and of the 
 State Senate in 1849 and 1854 ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from Connecticut from 1845 to 1849 ; was 
 elected a Senator in Congress for six years from 1857 ; 
 was re-elected in 18G3 for the term ending in 1869, 
 serving on the Committee on Manufactures and vari- 
 ous other Committees, and as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, of the 
 Committee on tlie District of Columbia, and of the 
 Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was 
 also a member of the National Committee appointed 
 to accomjiauy the remains of President Lincoln to 
 Illinois. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " National Union Convention " of 1806. Died at Hart- 
 ford, March 37, 1873. 
 
 Dixon , .Joseph , — He was born in Greene County, 
 North Carolina ; educated at the private and public 
 schools of that county ; resided on a farm, and for 
 three or four years engaged in mercantile pursuits ; 
 was a magistrate, and Judge of the County Court ; 
 was a member of the State Legislature in 1868 and 
 1869 ; and elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on several Committees. 
 
 Dixon, .Joseph Hen }'ji. — A Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1801. 
 
 Dixon, Luther C. — ^He was an early emigrant 
 to the Territory of Wisconsin, and was appointed a 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Wisconsin. 
 
 Dixon, Xathan F. — Bom at Plainfield, Con- 
 necticut, in 1774 ; graduated at Brown University 
 in 1799 ; studied law, and established himself in 
 Rhode Island in 1803 to practice his profession. In 
 1813 he was elected a member of the General Assem- 
 bly of that State, and continued to serve in that 
 capacity for seventeen years. From 1839 to 1843 he 
 was a Senator of the United States. He died at Wash- 
 ington, District of Columbia, January 29, 1843. His 
 son, bearing the same name, was also in Congress. 
 
 Dixon, Nathan F. — Bom in Westerly, Rhode 
 Island, May 1, 1813 ; fitted for college at Plainfield 
 Academy, in Connecticut, and graduated at Brown 
 University in 1833. He attended the Law Schools at 
 
 New Haven and Cambridge, and was admitted to the 
 bar in New London in 1837, and engaged in the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Connecticut and Rhode 
 Island. He was a member of the General Assembly 
 of Rhode Island from 1840 to 1849 ; was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1844 ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Rhode Island to the Thirty-first Congress. 
 He was again elected to the General Assembly of his 
 State in 1851 , and with the exception of two years, held 
 the olfice until 1859. In 1863 he was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Commerce ; and was also re-elected to 
 the Thii-ty-ninth Congress. His father, bearing the 
 same name, was a Senator in Congress. In the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress he served on the Committees on Com- 
 merce and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and 
 made Chainnan of the Committees on Commerce and 
 Private Land Claims. 
 
 Doane, VilJiam. — He was born in Maine, 
 and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 
 1843. 
 
 Dobbin, James C, — He was born in 1814 ; 
 graduated at the University of North Carolina in 
 1833. He was a lawyer by profession, and was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from his native State in 
 1845, and declined a re-election. He served in the 
 State Legislature in 1848 and 1850, and during the last 
 session officiated as Speaker ; and in 1853 was a Presi- 
 dential Elector. His eloquence at the bar and in the 
 legislative hall is said to have been of the most win- 
 ning character, and his urbane manners and amiable 
 disposition made him a general favorite. He was 
 Secretary of the Navy during the whole of President 
 Pierce's administration, and he died at Fayetteville, 
 North Carolina, August 4, 1857. 
 
 Dobbins, Samnef A. — He was born in Burling- 
 ton County, New Jersey, April 14, 1814 ; educated in 
 select schools ; engaged in farming ; was High Sher- 
 iff of Burlington County from 1854 until 1857 ; a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature from 1859 to 1863 ; and 
 was elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Patents. 
 
 Dobbs, ArtJilir. — Born in Ireland in 1684 ; was 
 a man of letters ; had been a member of the Irish 
 Parliament ; and was distinguished for his attempts 
 to discover the North-west passage ; adopted concilia- 
 tory measures towards the Indian tribes ; but his 
 administration was a continual contest between the 
 loyalists and the colonists. He was the author of 
 " An Account of the Countries Adjoining Hudson's 
 Bay," published in London in 1748 ; " Trade and Im- 
 provement of Ireland," Dublin, 1739 ; " Captain Mid- 
 dleton's Defence," 1744. He emigrated to North 
 Carolina, and was chosen Governor, November 1, 
 1754, serving till his death. Died in Town Creek, 
 North Carolina, March 38, 1765. 
 
 Dockeri/, Alfred. — He was a native of North 
 Carolina, and a Rei)resentative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853 ; 
 was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868. 
 He was the father of 0. H. Dockery. 
 
 DocJcerjl, Oliver TT. — Born in Richmond Coun- 
 ty, North Carolina, August 13, 1830, and is the son of 
 Alfred Dockery ; graduated at the University of 
 North Carolina in 1848 ; studied law, but became a 
 farmer by occupation ; was elected to the State Leg- 
 islature in 1858 and 1859 ; was a Presidential Elector 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 123 
 
 in 1860 ; and in 1808 lie was elected a Representa- 
 tive from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; 
 re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of that on 
 Freedmen's Affairs. 
 
 Dodd, Eflward. — Bom in Salem, Washington 
 County, New York, in 1805 ; was bred a merchant ; 
 chosen County Clerk of the County of Washington 
 for three terms of three years each, commencing 
 January 1, 1835 ; was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of New York in 1846 ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State in 1855, serving on 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Doddridge, Philip. — Born in Brooke County 
 Virginia, in 1772 ; in his youth worked on a farm on 
 the Ohio River, but was sent to school at the age of sis- 
 teen. After a voyage down the Mississippi on a Uat- 
 boat, he studied law, and gained a brilliant local repu- 
 tation ; was Delegate from Brooke County to the Leg- 
 islature of Virginia in 1815, and was a member for some 
 years. In the Constitutional Convention of 1829 and 
 1830 he was acknowledged leader of the party in 
 favor of the white basis of rejiresentation. His suc- 
 cess in parliamentary conflicts was due to his close 
 reasoning, thorough knowledge of the subject, great 
 energy of manner, and a wonderful command of 
 language. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Virginia from 1820 to 1832 ; resided in Washington, 
 and was engaged in codifying the laws of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. He died in Washington, Novem- 
 ber 19, 1832. 
 
 Dodds, Ozi'O J'. — He was born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, March 22, 1840 ; received a collegiate education 
 in Cincinnati ; he raised a company of students at 
 Oxford, called the " University Rifles," which was 
 attached to the Twentieth Ohio Volunteers, and served 
 through the three months' service under General 
 McClellan ; returning home, he raised another com- 
 pany, attached to the Eighty-first Ohio Volunteers, 
 and served until 1863, when he was appointed Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of the First Alabama Cavalry ; after 
 the war he studied law and was admitted to practice ; 
 was elected to the Legislature of Ohio in 1869 ; and 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on CivU Service. 
 
 Dodfje, Augustus C. — He was born in St. Gene- 
 vieve, Jlissouri, January 2, 1812, and was a Delegate 
 to Congress from the Territory of Iowa from 1841 to 
 
 1847 ; a Presidential Elector for the State of Iowa in 
 
 1848 ; a Senator in Congress from the State of Iowa 
 from 1848 to 1855 ; after which he received from 
 President Pierce the appointment of Minister to 
 Spain, which he resigned. He was a Delegate also 
 to the Chicago Convention of 1864, and also to the 
 Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866, 
 as well as the New York Convention of 1868. From 
 1838 to 1841 he also held the ottice of Register of the 
 Land Office at Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 Dodge, Gfcnville 31. — He was bom in Dan- 
 
 vers, Massachusetts, April 12, 1831 ; graduated at 
 the Norwich University of Vermont in 1850 ; adopted 
 the profession of civil engineer, and was employed 
 on several important railroads in the West, and be- 
 came Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad ; 
 in 1861 he entered the military servi.e as Captain ; 
 raised the Fourth Regiment of Iowa Infantry, and 
 was made Colonel ; in 1862 he was appointed Briga- 
 dier-General for Eer\-ices at Pea Ridge ; after various 
 services in Middle Tennessee, at Vicksburg, and 
 Corinth, he took an active part in the Atlantic cam- 
 paign, and was promoted to be a Major-General on 
 the recommendations of Generals Grants Sherman, 
 
 and McPherson, and was subsequently in command 
 of the Departments of Wisconsin, Kansas, and the 
 Plains ; and soon after, resigning his commission in 
 the army, he was elected a Representative from Iowa 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Military Affairs and Roads and Canals. Was also 
 Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868. 
 
 Dodge, Henry, — He was bom in Vincennes, 
 Indiana, October 12, 1782, and removed to \\'Jsconsin ; 
 served with great credit as an officer of volunteers, 
 on the north-western frontiers, and was Brigadier- 
 General of Missouri troops in 1812. He distinguished 
 himself especially in the Black Hawk War, and as 
 an Indian tighter was thought to have no superior. 
 When the First Regiment of Dragoons was raised 
 in 1833, he was appoinied Colonel, which office he 
 resigned in 1830, when he was appointed Governor of 
 Wisconsin Territory and Superintendent of Indian 
 Affairs, serving as such from 1836 to 1841, and from 
 1845 to 1848. He was a Delegate to Congress from 
 Wisconsin from 1841 to 1845, and a Senator in Con- 
 gress from the State of \Msconsin from 1848 to 1857. 
 Died at Burlington, Iowa, June 19, 1867. He was 
 the father of Augustus C. Dodge. 
 
 Dodge, William E. — He was bom in Hartford, 
 
 Connecticut, September 4, 1805 ; received a good 
 common-school education ; in his thirteenth year he 
 removed to New York and entered a countiug-liouse 
 as clerk ; and on reaching the age of twenty-one he 
 commenced business on his own account, and was for 
 many years at the head of one of the most extensive 
 importing and manufacturing establishments in the 
 country. He was prominently connected with many 
 of the public improvements of the day ; was a mem- 
 ber of the "Peace Convention" of 1861 ; devoted 
 much time and money to the support of the Govern- 
 ment during the Rebellion ; was for many years 
 President of the National Temperance Society ; ac- 
 tive in the various religious and benevolent opera- 
 tions of New York ; and was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, having 
 successfully contested the seat of James Brooks, 
 serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1806. 
 
 Doe, Nicholas B. — Born in New York, and 
 elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Twenty-sixth Congress, in place of A. Brown, de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Doig, Andrew W. — He was born in Washing- 
 ton County, New York, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State, from 1839 to 1843, having 
 previously served one year, 1832, in the State Assem- 
 bly. He was many years a teacher and surveyor, a 
 County Clerk for one year, and held the office of 
 Surrogate from 1835 to 1840. He went to California 
 in 1849, but subsequently returned to his native 
 county. 
 
 Dole, William J*.— He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire, and in 1801 he was appointed from Illinois 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, continuing in the 
 position until 1865. 
 
 Donelson, Andretv Jackson. — Born in Ten- 
 nessee in 1799; graduated at West Point in 1820; 
 was Aid-de-Camp to General Jackson in 1820 and 
 1821 ; and his Private Secretary from March. 1829, to 
 March, 1837; Charge d'Affaires to Texas, 1844 and 
 1845 ; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary to Prussia from 1846 to 1848; and to Ger- 
 many in 1848 and 1849 : was editor of the Washing- 
 ton ilnion in 1851 and 1852 ; candidate of the Ameri- 
 can party for Vice-President in 1852 ; cotton planter 
 
124 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 in Bolivar County, Mississippi, from 1823 to 1865 ; 
 lawyer in Memphis from 1865 to 1871. Died in 
 Memphis, Tennessee, June 26, 1871. 
 
 Donley, Joseph S, — Born in Mount Morris, 
 Greene County, Penusylv;inia, October 10, 1838 ; grad- 
 uated at Waynesburg College in 18!J9 ; went to Illi- 
 nois and was engaged in teaching ; became Professor 
 in Abingdon College ; served in the Illinois army as 
 Captain of Volunteers from 1862 to 1865 ; graduated at 
 the Law School of Albany in 1866, and returned to 
 Pennsylvania ; in 1867 he was appointed a Register 
 in Bankruptcy in Pennsylvania, holding the office 
 until elected to Congress ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from that State to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Militia and Public 
 Expenditures. 
 
 Donnan, William G. — He was born in West 
 Charlton, New* York, June 80. 1834; his early edu- 
 cation was received at the district school and Cam- 
 bridge Academy ; graduated at Union College in 1850 ; 
 removed to Independence, Iowa, where he Ktudied 
 law, and admitted to the bar in 1857 ; was elected 
 Treasurer and Recorder of Buchanan County, and 
 held the office until 1862 ; entered the Union Army 
 as a private in 1862, and was promoted to the grade 
 of Brevet Major for efficient services in the field, and 
 served to the close of the Rebellion. He was a mem- 
 ber of the State Senate in 1868 aud 1870, and elected 
 to the Forty-second Congress, and re-elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Military Affairs. 
 
 Donnell, John B. — Born in Ireland ; educated 
 at the University of North Carolina, where he grad- 
 uated in 1807 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a 
 County Solicitor in 1815 ; aud from 1819 to 1836 he 
 was a Judge of the Superior Court. His son, R. S. 
 Donnell, was formerly a member of Congress. 
 
 Donnell, Richard S. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1847 to 1849. In 1863 he pub- 
 lished a '■ Letter on the Rebellion," which attracted 
 great attention. 
 
 Donnellji, Ifinafius. — He was liorn in Phila- 
 delphia, Pi-niisylvania. November 3,1831; graduated 
 at the Central iligli School in that city ; studied law 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1853 ; emigrated to 
 Minnesota iu 1857 ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor 
 of that State in 1859 ; re-elected in 1861, and in 1862 
 was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the Commit- 
 tees on tlie Post Office and Post Roads and Expendi- 
 tures in the Interior Department, and also on the 
 Special Committee on the Pacific Railroad ; re-elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees ou tlie Pacific Railroad, the Public Lands, 
 and Bureau of Education. Re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress. 
 
 Doolittle, Charles II.— He was born in Herki- 
 mer, New York, February 19. 1816; graduated at 
 Amherst College in 1836 ; studied law in Utica, and 
 came to the bar in 1839 ; practiced his profession for 
 thirty years ; was made a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court in 1809 ; and was lost at sea, while going to 
 Europe for his health. May 21, 1874. 
 
 Doolittle, James J?.— Born in Hampton, Wash- 
 ington County, New York, January 3, 1815; gradu- 
 ated at Geneva College in 1834 ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law, and was admitted to the Supreme Court 
 of New York in 1837. He was District Attorney for 
 several years of Wyoming County, New Y'ork ; re- 
 moved to Wisconsin in 1851 ; was chosen Judge of 
 
 the First Judicial Circuit of that State in 1853, but 
 resigned in 1856. He was elected a Senator of the 
 United States in 1857, for six years, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as 
 a member of the Committees on Foreign Affairs, 
 Commerce, and Military Affair.s. He was also a 
 member of the Peace Congress of 1861. In 1863 
 he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending 
 in 1869. During the summer recess of 1865, as a 
 member of a Special Committee of the Senate, he 
 visited the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
 River. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention" of 1866, taking an 
 active part in its proceedings and officiating as Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Dorr, Thomas Wilson, — Born in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, Novenilier 5, 1805 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1828 ; studied law in the office of 
 Chancellor Kent, was admitted to the bar in 1837, 
 and commenced to practice in Providence. Originally 
 a National Republican, he became a Democrat in 
 1837. The Rhode Island Government was then based 
 upon a charter granted by Charles II. in 1663 ; and 
 the elective franchise was limited to the holders of a 
 certain amount of real estate, and to their eldest sons, 
 about one-third of the citizens. Mr. Dorr was a mem- 
 ber of the Assembly from 1833 to 1837, and exerted 
 himself in vain to procure a liberal Constitution. 
 Mr. Dorr was chosen Governor by the suffrage party 
 in 1841. May 3, 1843, Mr. Dorr's Government at- 
 tempted to organize at Providence and to seize the 
 reins of power. They were resisted by the legal 
 State Government, who attacked and dispersed them 
 at Chepachet, May 35. Mr. Dorr flew to Connecti- 
 cut and afterward to New Hampshire. A reward of 
 four thousand dollars was offered for his apprehen- 
 sion by the authorities of Rhode Island. He soon 
 returned, was arrested, tried, convicted of high treason, 
 and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was par- 
 doned in 1847 ; and in 1853 the Legislature restored 
 to him his civil rights, and ordered the record of his 
 sentence to be expunged. He lived to see his State 
 under a liberal Constitution, and his party in legal 
 possession of the Government. He died in Provi- 
 dence, Rhode Island, December 37, 1854. 
 
 Dorset), Clemeut. — He was born in Anne Arun- 
 del County, Maryland, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1835 to 1831. Died 
 August 6, 1846. 
 
 Dorse}/, Stephen W. — He was born in Benson, 
 Vermont, February 28, 1842 ; received an academical 
 education ; removed, when a boy, to Oberlin, Ohio ; 
 was one of the first to volunteer in the army, in which 
 he served at Shiloh, at Perryville. at Stone River and 
 Chattanooga, and at Mission Ridge, in the battles of 
 the Wilderness and of Cold Harbor, serving until the 
 close of the war. Returning to Ohio, he resumed 
 business in the Sandusky Tool Company, and was 
 chosen its President ; was elected, without his knowl- 
 edge. President of the Arkansas Central Railway 
 Company ; removing to Arkansas, was chosen Chair- 
 man of the Republican County and State Committees, 
 and was elected to the United States Senate, for the 
 term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving 
 on the Committees on Appropriations and District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 Dotjl, James D. — He was born in New York ; 
 was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of 
 Wisconsin from 1839 to 1841, and a Representative in 
 Congress from the State of Wisconsin from 1849 to 
 1858. He was also, for many years. United States 
 Judge for Northern Michigan ; also Superintendent 
 of Indian Affairs ; and from 1841 to 1844 Governor of 
 Wisconsin. In 1864 he was appointed by President 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 125 
 
 Lincoln Governor of Utali, of wliicli Territory he 
 had previously been Treasurer ; and died June, 1805, 
 at Salt Lake. 
 
 Dotibleday, Uli/sses F, — He was born in Ot- 
 sego County, New York, in 1794 ; began active life as 
 a journeyman printer in lf<09 ; followed that business 
 in Albany, Utica. and at Ballston, where he estab- 
 lished a newspaper, and edited for twenty years 
 another journal in the city of Auburn; was elected 
 a Representative to Congress in 1831 and re-elected 
 in 1835 ; subsequently resided in the City of New 
 York and became well-known as a bookseller. Died 
 in Belvidere, Hlinois, March 11, 1866. 
 
 Dongherttf, Thomas, — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky, and elected, in 1815, Clerk of the National 
 House of Representatives, continuing in the same po- 
 sition until 1833. 
 
 DoufflaSf Beverli/ Ji, — Born at Providence 
 Forge, Kent County, Virginia, December 21, 1833 ; his 
 father died when he was four years of age, and he 
 was sent to Rumford Academy at the age of eleven, 
 then spent one term in William and Mary College, 
 and in 1840 visited a relative in Scotland with the 
 view of obtaining a medical education at Edinl)urgh 
 University ; spent one session attending lectures on 
 chemistry, agriculture, and civil law, and returned 
 to Virginia and graduated at the Law School of Wil- 
 liam and Mary, and was admitted to the bar in 1846, 
 and settled in King William County. In 1850 was a 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention, and 
 was elected a member of the State Senate under the 
 amended Constitution, and was a member of that 
 body until 1865 ; was a candidate for Congress in 
 that year, but was not elected. In 1861 he had en- 
 tered the Confederate service as First Lieutenant in 
 Lee's Mounted Rangers, of which he was made Cap- 
 tain ; and then Major of the Fifth Virginia Cavalry, 
 Army of Northern Virginia; resigned in 1863 to re- 
 sume his Legislative duties. Upon the surrender of 
 the Confederate Armies he returned to private life, 
 and has held no public office until he was elected to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress as Representative from 
 Virginia, 
 
 Douglas, Stephen A. — Was bom at Brandon, 
 Rutland County, Vermont, April 23, 1813. He lost 
 his father while an infant, and his mother being left 
 in destitute circumstances, he entered a cabinet shop 
 at Middlebury, in his native State, for the purpose of 
 learning the trade. After remaining there several 
 months, he returned to Brandon, where he continued 
 for a year at the same calling, but his health obliged 
 him to abandon it, and he became a student in the 
 academy. His mother having married a second time, 
 he followed her to Canandaigua, in the State of New 
 York. Here he pursued the studj- of the law until his 
 removal to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1831. From Cleveland 
 he went still further West, and finally settled in 
 Jacksonville, Illinois. He was at first employed as 
 clerk to an auctioneer, and afterwards kept school, 
 devoting all the time he could spare to the study of 
 the law. In 1834 he was admitted to the bar, soon 
 obtained a lucrative practice, and was elected At- 
 torney-General of the State. In 1837 he was appointed 
 by President Van Buren Register of the Land Office 
 at Springfield, Illinois. He afterwards practiced his 
 profession, and, in 1840, was elected Secretary of 
 State, and the following year Judge of the Supreme 
 Court. This ofiiee he resigned, in consequence of ill- 
 health, after sitting upon the bench for two years. In 
 1843 he was elected to Congress, and continued a 
 member of the lower House for four years. In De- 
 cember, 1847, he was elected to the United States 
 Senate for the term ending in 1853 ; was re-elected 
 for the term ending in 1859 ; and re-elected for an- 
 
 other term, but died in Chicago, June 3, 1861. He 
 was Chainnan, among others, of the Committee on 
 Territories. In 1860 he was the candidate of his own 
 party for the office of President, but was defeated. 
 
 Douglass, I, TT". — He was born in Philadelphia, 
 
 Pennsylvania, October 25, 1837 ; removed to Erie, in 
 that State ; received an academical education ; studied 
 law and came to the bar in 1850 ; was appointed a 
 Collector of Internal Revenue in 1863 ; Deputy Com- 
 missioner of Internal Revenue in 1869 ; and in 1871 
 he was apjjointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 
 holding the position until 1875. 
 
 Douglass, Samuel J, — He was an emigrant to 
 Florida while yet a Territory, and in 1843 he was ap- 
 pointed one of the Judges of the United States for 
 that District. 
 
 Doivdell, James F. — Bom in Jasper County, 
 Georgia, November 26, 1818 ; graduated at Randolph 
 Macon College in 1840, and was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; he removed to Alabama in 1846, and took charge 
 of a female college for one year, and afterwards en- 
 gaged in farming and planting. In 184S he was a 
 Presidential Elector. He was a Representative from 
 Alabama in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Ways and Means, and also that of In- 
 quiry into the Cost of Public Printing and Laws re- 
 lating thereto. 
 
 Doirney, fJohn G. — He was Governor of Cali- 
 fornia from 1860 to 1863. 
 
 Downing, Charles, — He was bora in Virginia, 
 and was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of 
 Florida from 1837 to 1841. Died October 34, 1841. 
 
 Downs, Solomon W. — He was bom in Tennes- 
 see in 1801 ; graduated at the Transylvania Univer- 
 sity ; studied law and came to the bar in 1825 ; set- 
 tled in Louisiana ; was United States District Attorney 
 from 1845 to 1847 ; a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; 
 Collector of the Port of New Orleans ; and from 1847 
 to 1853 a Senator in Congress from Louisiana. He 
 died at Orchard Springs, Kentucky, August 14, 1854. 
 
 Dowse, Edward, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821, and 
 having resigned, W. Eustis was elected in his place. 
 
 Dowse, Wifliam, — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Thirteenth Congress, but 
 died before taking his seat, February 18, 1813. 
 
 Dot, Peter M, — He was born in Geneva, On- 
 tario County, New York, September 11, 1813 ; edu- 
 cated at Hobart College, Geneva, graduating in 1833 ; 
 studied and practiced law ; was elected to the Legis- 
 lature in 1841 ; was Judge of the Ontario County 
 Courts ; removed to Alabama in 1855, and engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits ; was elected in 1805, as a Union 
 man, to represent Madison County in the Convention 
 called for the revision of the State Constitution, and 
 took an active part in the restoration of the State to 
 its place in the Union ; was elected to the Forty-first 
 and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Banking and Currency. 
 
 Drake, Charles D, — He was bom in Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, April 11, 1811 ; and was the son of Dr. 
 Daniel Drake ; received an academical education ; in 
 1827 he entered the navy as a midshipman, and re- 
 mained in it until 1830 ; he then proceeded to study 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; in 1834 he 
 removed to St. Louis, where he practiced his profes- 
 sion ; in 1859 he was elected to the Missouri Legisla- 
 
12G 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ture ; in 1861 and 1863 he took an active and conspic- 
 uous part against the secession movement ; in 1863 he 
 was elected to tlie Missouri State Convention ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1864 ; in 1865 he was a mem- 
 ber and Vice-President of the Convention that formed 
 the present Constitution of Missouri ; and in January, 
 1867, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Mis- 
 souri for the term ending in 1873, serving on the 
 Committees on Naval Affairs, Pacific Railroad, Con- 
 tingent Expenses, and Ordnance. In 1871 he was 
 appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Claims. He 
 is the author of a " Treatise on the Law of Suits by 
 Attachment in the United States," and of a " Life of 
 Daniel Drake." 
 
 Drake, >Tohn R. — He was one of the earliest 
 settlers in Tioga County, New Tork ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 
 1819; was elected Judge of Tioga County in 1833; 
 and was a member of the New York Assembly in 
 1834. He was in ill health for eight years before 
 liis death, which occurred at Oswego, March 31, 18.57, 
 in the seventy-fourth year of his age. j 
 
 Drake, Tliomas J. — He was born in New York 
 and removed to Michigan, from which State he was 
 appointed an Associate Judge of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Utah, residing in Salt 
 Lake City. 
 
 Draper, JToneph, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1830 to 1831, and again 
 from 1833 to 1833. 
 
 Drayton, John, — Was Governor of South 
 Carolina from 1800 to 1803; and from 1808 to 1810; 
 and was District Judge of the United States for 
 some years previous to his death, which occurred 
 at Charleston, November 27, 1833. He published in 
 1803 "A View of South Carolina," "Memoirs of the 
 Revolution in South Carolina," 3 vols. 8vo., 1831, 
 and " Letters Written during a Tour through the 
 Northern and Eastern States," 8vo., 1794. 
 
 Drai/fon, Williatn,— Bom in St. Augustine, 
 Florida, December 30, 1776 ; went to school in Eng- 
 land, and on returning to South Carolina was for a 
 time Assistant Clerk in a Court of Sessions; studied 
 law and came to the bar in 1797 ; was a Captain in 
 the South Carolina Militia; in 1813 was commis- 
 sioned a Colonel in the United States Army, and In- 
 spector-General in 1814 ; assisted Generals Scott and 
 Macomb in preparing a System of Infantry Tactics 
 for the army ; was elected Recorder of Charleston in 
 1819 ; was a Representative in Congress from South 
 Carolina, from 1835 to 1833; and was chosen Presi- 
 dent of the United States Bank in 1840, Died in 
 Philadelphia, May 34, 1846. 
 
 Drayton, WillUirn, — He was a citizen of South 
 Carolina ; father of the General bearing the same 
 name ; and in 1789 he was appointed the first United 
 States Judge for the District of South Carolina. 
 
 Draj/fon, William, Henry,— Re was born in 
 South Cariiliiiii ; was educated at Westminster and 
 Oxford, Eni,'land ; in 1771 was appointed a Judge; 
 was President of the Provincial Congress ; was made 
 Chief Justice in 1776; he was a warm advocate of 
 freedcmi, and published various pamphlets which 
 strengthened the American cause ; he was a leadim; 
 member of the South Carolina Assembly ; was a Del 
 egate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, 
 and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. 
 He was the author of a " History of the Revolution," 
 which was published in three volumes, by his son, in 
 1831. 
 
 Drew, Thomas .S.— He was Governor of Ar- 
 kansas from 1844 to 1848. 
 
 Drif/gfi, .John JP.— Was born in Kinderhook, 
 New York, March 3, 1813 ; was apprenticed to a me- 
 chanical business connected with building in New 
 York City, and was a master-mechanic until 18.56 : in 
 1844 he was appointed Superintendent of the New 
 York Penitentiary, holding the office one year; set- 
 tled in East Saginaw, Michigan, in 18.56; was Presi- 
 dent of that village in 18,58 ; during the two follow- 
 ing years he was a member of the Michigan Legisla- 
 ture ; and in 1863 he was elected a Representative 
 from Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and 
 was a member of the Committee on the Public Lands. 
 Reelected to the Thirty ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Invalid Pensions, Mines and Min- 
 ing, and Public Lands. He wag al.so a Delegate to 
 the Pliiladelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, 
 and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Dromgoole, George C. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia ; educated a lawyer ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1835 to 1841, and also 
 from 1843 to 1847 ; and died April 37, 1847. He en- 
 tered public life when young ; served for years in the 
 two Houses of the State Legislature, and was Presi- 
 dent of the Senate ; and was a member of the sec- 
 ond Constitutional Convention of Virginia. 
 
 Drum, Aligtistns. — He wag born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Drinnmond, Thomas. — Bom in Bristol, 
 Maine, October 16, 1809 ; educated at Bowdoin Col- 
 lege, Maine, where he graduated in 1830 ; studied 
 law in Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the 
 bar in March, 1833 ; removed to Galena, Illinois, in 
 1835, where he- practiced his profession ; elected to 
 the House of Representatives of Illinois in 1840 ; ap- 
 pointed Judge of the District Court of the United 
 States for Illinois, by President Taylor, in February, 
 1850 ; removed to Chicago in 1854, where, and in tlie 
 vicinity, he has since resided ; became Judge of the 
 District Court of the United States for the Northern 
 District of Illinois, by the division of the State into 
 two Districts in 1855 ; and appointed Judge of the 
 Seventh Judicial Circuit of the United States (con- 
 sisting of the States of Illinois, Indiana, and Wis- 
 consin), by President Grant in 1869, which office he 
 now holds. 
 
 Driimmonfl, William W. — He was a resident 
 of Illinois, and appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Utah. 
 
 Drinnmond, Willifi, — He was appointed in 
 1871, from Iowa, Commissioner of the General Land 
 Office in Washington, holding the position until 
 June, 1874. 
 
 Dryer, Thomas J. — He was a citizen of Ore- 
 gon, and in 1861 was appointed a Commissioner to 
 the Sandwich Islands, where he remained until 1863. 
 
 Duane, .Tames. — Born in New York City, Feb- 
 ruary 6, 1733. He adopted the profession of law, 
 and became a member of the Revolutionary Commit- 
 tees of New York. He acquired from his father a 
 large estate in Duanesburg, New York, which he be- 
 gan to settle in 1765. He was a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress from 1774 to 1784, and signed the 
 Articles of Confederation. He attended the Indian 
 Treaty at Albany in August, 1775 ; was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention in 1776; and 1777, and 
 on the Committee which drafted it ; was a member 
 of the Committee of Safety ; in 1783 he returned to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 127 
 
 New York City on its eTacuation by the British ; be- 
 came a member of the Council ; State Senator in 17S3 
 and 1784 ; first Mayor of New York, 1T84 ; member 
 of the ConTention to adopt the Federal Constitution 
 in 1788 ; United States District Judge from 1789 to 
 1794. Died at Duanesburg, New York, February 1, 
 1797. 
 
 Duane, John WiUiam. — Born in Clonmel, 
 Ireland, 1780 ; was originally a printer, afterward a 
 paper dealer ; studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1815 ; removed to Philadelphia, which city he 
 often represented in the Legislature. Became a dis- 
 tinguished lawyer ; took a deep interest in schools ; 
 was a Trustee, and subsequently a Director in Qirard 
 College. Assisted his father as editor of the Ai(^ 
 rora. He was Secretary of the United States 
 Treasury in 1833 ; was removed by Jackson, Septem- 
 ber 23, 1833, for declining to remove the deposits 
 from the United States Bank ; was the author of 
 " The Law of Nations Investigated," " Letters on In- 
 ternal Improvements," " Narrative and Correspond- 
 ence Concerning the Deposits," etc. Died in Philadel- 
 phia, September 37, 1865. 
 
 Duhoiar, Diiflley M. — Bom in Shelby County, 
 Tennessee, October 28, 1834 ; educated at the Univer- 
 sity of Mississippi ; studied law ; served as a General 
 in the Confederate Army ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Georgia, to the Forty-second Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Duckett, Alien S. — He was bom in Maryland, 
 became a citizen of the District of Columbia, soon 
 after the removal of the Seat of Government to 
 Washington, and in 1806 he was appointed Judge of 
 the Circuit Court of the United States for the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 T)ii(llcij, Chariot Edward. — He was born at 
 "Johnson Hall," Staffordshire, England, May 23, 
 1780 ; in 1790, after the death of his father, he came 
 with his mother to Newport, Rhode Island, where 
 his father had been Collector of Customs ; he entered 
 into trade there, and went to tlie East Indies as Su- 
 percargo ; subsequently removed to New York City, 
 and in 1802 to Albany. He was State Senator from 
 1820 to 1825 ; Mavor of the Citv from 1821 to 1828, 
 and United States Senator from 1829 to 1833 ; he was 
 partial to the science of Astronomy, and in 1856 his 
 widow contributed seventy thousand dollars to erect 
 and endow the Dudley Observatory at Albany, and a 
 subsequent contribution made the amount over one 
 hundred thousand dollars. He died in Albany, Jan- 
 uary 23, 1841. 
 
 Diidlc)/, Edward S. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1829 to 
 1831 ; and in 1836 was elected the first Governor of 
 North Carolina under the amended Constitution of 
 that State. He was subsequently appointed Presi- 
 dent of the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad Com- 
 pany, and died at Wilmington, North Carolina, Oc- 
 tober 30, 1855. 
 
 Dliell, li. Holland. —'Bom in Warren, Herki- 
 mer County, New York, December 20, 1823 ; re- 
 ceived an academic education ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1850 he was elected 
 District Attorney for Cortland County, and held the 
 office six years ; in 1856 he was elected County Judge 
 for said county ; and in 1858 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, ser\'ing as a member of the Committee on Rev- [ 
 olutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh \ 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on ; 
 Revolutionary Pensions. He was also an Assessor of ! 
 Internal Revenue from 1869 to 1871 ; and re-elected | 
 
 to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Chair- 
 man of that on Public Buildings. In September, 
 1875, he was appointed Commissioner of Patents. 
 
 I)ner, William. — Bom in England, March 18, 
 1747 ; in 1765 was Aid to Lord Clive in India ; in 
 1765 he purchased land in Washington County, New 
 York, and removed there ; was appointed Colonel of 
 Militia ; Judge of the County Courts ; member of the 
 Provincial Congress, and of the Committee of Safety ; 
 and also a Member of the Committee to draft the 
 State Constitution in the Convention of 1777 ; was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 
 1778 ; Secretary of the Treasury Board until the 
 organization of the Department in 1789 ; a member of 
 the State Legislature, and Assistant-Secretary of the 
 Treasury under Hamilton, until 1790 ; he removed to 
 New York City in 1793, and died there. May 7, 1799. 
 He was the father of William A. 
 
 Direr, TVilliatn. — He was a Delegate from New 
 York to the Continental Congress, in 1777 and 1778, 
 and his son, bearing the same name, was a Represent- 
 ative in the Federal Congress. He was one of the 
 signers of the Articles of Confederation. 
 
 Dlier, William. — Bora in the City of New 
 York, May 25, 1805. He graduated at Columbia Col- 
 lege in 1824; studied law, and in 1828 removed to 
 Oswego, soon after returning to New York ; he sub- 
 sequently removed to New Orleans, and again re- 
 turned to Oswego ; he served in the Legislature of 
 New York on two occasions ; was District Attorney 
 for Oswego County, and a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 Diier, William Ale.rauder. — Born at Rhine- 
 beck, New York, September 8, 1780 ; studied law in 
 Philadelphia and New York ; was appointed Midship- 
 man in 1798, and served with Decatur during the war 
 with France. He was admitted to the bar in 1802, 
 and was a partner of Edward Livingston, until his 
 removal to New Orleans. He contributed to the 
 Corrector, in support of Burr ; and shortly after joined 
 Livingston in New Orleans, and studied Spanish civil 
 law, but on account of the climate, returned to New 
 York, and resumed practice in that city ; afterward 
 Temo%-ed to Rhinebeek, and from 1814 to 1818 was a 
 member of the State Assembly : Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court from 1822 to 1829 ; President of Colum- 
 bia College from 1829 to 1842, when ill-health required 
 him to retire, and he moved to Morristown, New Jer- 
 sey. In 1856, delivered a course of lectures to the 
 Seniors on Constitutional Jurisprudence of the United 
 States ; and a eulogy upon President Monroe, from 
 the portico of the City Hall ; in 1847, an address be- 
 fore the Literary Societies of Columbia College ; 
 and in 1848, an address before the St. Nicholas So- 
 ciety, giving early reminiscences of New York. He 
 published a life of his grandfather, " Lord Sterling," 
 in the collections of the New York Historical Society! 
 Died in New York, May 30, 1858. 
 
 Diiffield, George. — He was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Jefferson, in 1805, United States Judge for the 
 Territory of Orleans. 
 
 Diihe, Sichard T. W. — He was bom in Albe- 
 marle County, Virginia, June 6, 1822 ; attended school, 
 and taught one year ; entered the Virginia Military 
 Institute as a cadet in 1842, and graduated in 1845 ; 
 taught school, reading law at the same time ; attended 
 the University of Virginia, and graduated in its Law 
 School in 1850 ; practiced law ; was elected Attorney 
 for the County of Albemarle in 1858, and continued 
 in that office until 1869 ; was elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
128 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Diimont, Ebenezer. — Born in Vevay, Switzer- 
 land County, Territory of Indiana, November 23, 
 1814 ; attended tlie Indiana UniYersity at Blooming- 
 ton, but did not graduate ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; was a member of tlie State Legislature in 1838 ; 
 from 1839 to 1845 was Treasurer of his county ; served 
 in the war with Mexico as a Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
 was in several battles ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1852 ; in 1850 and 1853 he was again elected to the 
 Legislature ; was President for nine years of the 
 State Bank of Indiana. When the Rebellion broke 
 out, lie was appointed Colonel of the Seventh Indiana 
 Volunteers, and was at the battle of Philippi, in 
 West Virginia ; was subsequently in charge of a 
 brigade at Murfreesborough, and, after the battle at 
 that place, was assigned to the command of the troops 
 at Nashville ; from that place he led an expedition 
 against John Morgan, taking nearly his whole com- 
 mand ; and in 1863, while yet iu the field, he was elected 
 a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on the District 
 of Columbia and on Revolutionary Pensions. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as (f hair- 
 man of tlie Committee on Expenditures in the Inte- 
 rior Department. 
 
 Dunbar, William, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Duncan, Alexander, — He was a member of 
 the House of Representatives in Congress from Ohio, 
 from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845. He died in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, March 3, 1853. 
 
 Duncan, Charles, — He was appointed an Asso- 
 ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Ter- 
 ritory of Wisconsin. 
 
 Duncan,, Dapiel, — Bom in the town of Ship- 
 pensburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, July 
 32, 1806, and died in Washington, June 18, 1849. He 
 was bred a merchant, and in 1843 was elected to the 
 Legislature of Ohio, from Licking County. He was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1849, and 
 more a man of action than of words. 
 
 Duncan, Garnetf, — He was born in Kentucky ; 
 graduated at Yale College iu 1830 ; studied law and 
 practiced the profession with marived success for 
 many years ; was on intimate terms with Henry Clay 
 and other noted men of his State ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1849 ; 
 and he died iu Louisville, May 25, 1875. 
 
 Duncan, James H. — He was born in Haver- 
 hill, Massachusetts, December 5, 1793 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1813 ; studied law, and came to 
 the Essex County bar ; served four years iu the State 
 Legislature ; was a State Senator from 1828 to 1831 ; 
 State Councilor in 1840 and 1841 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1849 to 1853. He subse- 
 quently became a Baptist Minister ; was a Trustee of 
 the Newton Theological Seminary, and a Fellow of 
 Brown University, which conferred on him the degree 
 of Doctor of Laws. Died in Haverhill, February 8, 
 1869. 
 
 Duncan, 'Toseph. — Born in Kentucky, about 
 1790 ; was self-educated ; was an ensign at the bril- 
 liant defense of Fort Stephenson, under Colonel Cro- 
 ghan, for which he received from Congress the testi- 
 monial of a sword, February 13, 1835. He settled in 
 Illinois, and was soon elected Major-General of Mili- 
 tia ; was State Senator, when, in the session of 1834 
 and 1825, he originated the law which first established 
 Common Schools in the State ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1837 to 1835 ; was Governor of Il- 
 linois from 1834 to 1838 ; and was identified with the 
 
 early introduction of internal improvements into that 
 State. Died at Jacksonville, Florida, January 15, 1844. 
 
 Dundas, William H. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia ; was for several years a Clerk in the General 
 Post Office, and in 1852 he was appointed Second As- 
 sistant Postmaster-General, remaining in the position 
 until 1861. 
 
 Du ndy, Elmer S. — Born in Ohio ; removed to Ne- 
 braska, and settled at Falls City ; in 1868 was appoint- 
 ed United States Judge for the District of Nebraska. 
 
 Dunham, Ci/rus L, — He was a native of New 
 York State. As a farmer's boy, he worked during 
 the summer months to obtain means for his education 
 during the winter ; after acquiring the rudiments, he 
 filled the humblest position on board a fishing-craft 
 from one of the seaports of Massachusetts to New- 
 foundland, and, after completing his studies, he re- 
 moved to Salem, Indiana, taught school and studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar. He was elected to 
 the Legislature of Indiana in 1846 and 1847, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1849 to 1855. Served again in the Legislature at a 
 subsequent period. 
 
 Dunhlin, Daniel, — He was Governor of Mis- 
 souri from 1832 to 1836. Died in Jefferson County, 
 Missouri, August 25, 1844, aged fifty-four years. 
 
 Dunlap, Georffe W, — He was born in Fayette 
 County, Kentucky, February 22, 1813 ; graduated at 
 Transylvania University, Lexington ; studied law and 
 adopted that profession ; was a member of the Ken- 
 tucky Legislature ; also of the ' ' Border State Conven- 
 tion " held in May, 1861 ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Navy 
 Department, and also as a member of the Committee 
 on Accounts. In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector. 
 
 Dunlap, Mobert P. — He was bom in Maine ; 
 graduated at Bowdoin College in 1815 ; studied law 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; in 1821, 1822, 
 and 1833, was a member of the State Legislature ; in 
 1833 he was elected a State Senator, serving nine 
 years, and presided over that body four years ; in 1833 
 he was a member of the Executive Council of Maine ; 
 in 1834 he was elected Governor of Maine, and served 
 four vears ; and he was a Representative in Congress 
 from "1843 to 1847. During the years 1848 and 1849 
 he was Collector of Customs at Portland, and from 
 1853 to J857 Postmaster of Brunswick ; and was for 
 many years President of the Board of Overseers of 
 Bowdoin College. Died in Brunswick, Maine, Octo- 
 ber 20, 1859, aged seventy years. 
 
 DunJap, William C. — He was born in Tennes- 
 see, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Dunlary, Francis, — He was born in Williams- 
 burg, Virginia, in 1761 ; in his fourteenth year, emi- 
 grated witli his father to Pennsylvania ; was during 
 the Revolution very useful as a fighter of the In- 
 dians ; iu 1787 he went to Kentuc4cy ; in 1797 he set- 
 tled in Ohio ; was one of the founders of the Baptist 
 Church in that region ; was a member of the Con- 
 vention to form the first Constitution of Ohio ; was 
 Presiding Judge of the Circuit Court of the State for 
 fourteen years, after which he practiced the profes- 
 sion of law ; and claimed that for sixty years he had 
 been opposed to the institution of Slavery. 
 
 Dunlop, •Tames, — He was born in Georgetown, 
 District of Columbia, March 28, 1793 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1811 ; studied law with Francis 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 129 
 
 S. Key, with whom he was afterwards associated in 
 the practice of their profession, and acted as District 
 Attorney in the latter's place when called away on 
 public business in 1833. He was Recorder of his na- 
 tive town down to the year 1838, when he was ap- 
 pointed Judge of the United States Circuit Court ; 
 was made Assistant Judge in 1845, and Chief Justice 
 in 1856, which position he occupied until 1863, when 
 the court was abolished. He was always devoted to 
 his high calling, and his judicial opinions often at- 
 tracted attention abroad, and especially was this true 
 in regard to the Admiralty case of the Triypie 
 Wind, which was complimented by Lord John Rus- 
 sell soon after its termination. He died on his farm 
 near Georgetown, May 6, 1872, leaving a spotless 
 reputation. 
 
 Dunn, Charles. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Wisconsin, residing at Elk Grove, and was in 1838 or 
 1839 appointed one of the Judges of the United 
 States for that Territory. 
 
 Dunn, Geovfje G. — He was bom in 1813, and 
 died in Lawrence County, Indiana, in September, 
 1857. He had held many high official trusts, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1849. He was a lawyer, and noted for 
 his abilities as an orator. 
 
 Dunn, Gcoffie H. — ^He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Dunn William Mcli.ee, — Born in the Terri- 
 tory of Indiana, December 13, 1814 ; graduated at the 
 State College of Indiana in 1833 ; taught school for 
 two years, and ha^•ing entered Yale College, received 
 from that College the degree of A.M. in 1835; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was elected to the In- 
 diana Legislature in 1848 ; a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention in 1850 ; and in 1858 was 
 elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manu- 
 factures and Roads and Canals, and also on tlie Spe- 
 cial Committee of Thirty-three. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chaii-man of the 
 Committee on Patents, after which he became As- 
 sistant Judge Advocate in the army. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. In December, 1875, he was appointed 
 Judge Advocate General in the place of J. Holt. 
 
 Dunne, Edmund Francis. — Born at Little 
 
 Falls, Herkimer County, New York, in 1835 ; removed 
 with his parents to Ohio in 1836 ; received a common- 
 school education ; went to California in 1853, and had 
 charge of a select school in San Francisco ; after- 
 wards studied law ; traveled in Mexico in 1858 ; as- 
 sisted in forming the Union party in 1861 ; elected to 
 the State Legislature in 1863 ; moved to Nevada in 
 1863 ; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of that State ; was elected a District Judge, and 
 for two years did not have a single Jury trial ; in 
 1869 visited Washington on business connected with 
 California Claims ; made a visit to Europe in 1871 ; 
 and on his return was appointed Chief Justice of the 
 United States Court for Arizona in 1874. 
 
 Dunnell, Marh H, — He was bom in Buxton, 
 
 Maine, July 3, 1833 ; graduated at Waterville College, 
 in 1849 ; for five years was tlie principal of Norway 
 and Hebron Academies ; in 1854 elected to the State 
 Legislature, and in 1855 to the State Senate ; during 
 the years 1855, 1857, 1858, and 1859 was State Superin- 
 tendent of Common Schools ; in 1856 a Delegate to 
 the National Convention at Philadelphia ; in 1861 en- 
 tered the Union Army as Colonel of Infantry ; in 
 1863 was United States Consul at Vera Cruz, Mexico ; 
 in January, 1865, went to Minnesota ; was a member 
 
 of the Legislature in 1867 ; was State Superintend- 
 ent of Public Instruction from 1867 to 1870 ; and 
 elected to the Forty-second and two subsequent Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public 
 Lands, Education, and Labor. 
 
 Dunniiif/, Paris C. — He was Governor of In- 
 diana in 1848 and 1849, for the unexpired term of 
 James Whitcomb. 
 
 Duj>re, Jacques, — He was acting Governor of 
 Louisiana in 1830. 
 
 Durand, George II. — Born in Schoharie 
 County, New York, February 31, 1838 ; received an 
 academic education ; removed to Flint, Michigan, in 
 1858 ; is a lawyer by profession, and has practiced 
 ever since his majority ; served as Aldcnnau of the 
 City of Flint for three consecutive terms ; elected 
 Mayor in 1873 ; re-elected in 1874 ; and elected a Rep- 
 resentative to the Forty- fourth Congress. 
 
 Durell, Daniel M. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794 ; 
 studied law, and entered upon the practice at Dover 
 in 1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Hampshire from 1807 to 1809. He aUo held the 
 post of United States District Attorney from 1830 to 
 1834. He died in 1841, aged seventy-one years. 
 
 Diirell, E. H, — He was born in New Hampshire, 
 and having taken up his residence at New Orleans, 
 was appointed in 1803 United States Judge for the 
 District of Louisiana, and was superseded in 1875. 
 His decisions in regard to the validity of the elec- 
 tions in that State, in 1872, caused considerable ex- 
 citement. 
 
 Dnrfee, Job, — He was born in Tiverton, Rhode 
 Island, in 1790 ; graduated at Brown University in 
 1813 ; adopted the profession of the law ; and, 
 though for a long time Chief Justice of Rhode 
 Island, he devoted much attention to jioetry and 
 belles-lettres generally. He was for many years a 
 member of the State Legislature and Speaker of 
 the House ; he was a Representative in Congress 
 from Rhode Island from 1831 to 1835. He died in 
 Tiverton in 1847. He was the author of a work en- 
 titled " What Cheer Y or, Roger WOliams in Banish- 
 ment." 
 
 Dtirfee, Nathaniel B, — He was born in Tiver- 
 ton, Rhode Island, September 39, 1813 ; received a 
 good classical education at Newport ; from 1838 to 
 1850 devoted himself to the pursuits of agriculture ; 
 he represented the town of Warwick some seven or 
 eight years in the State Legislature, and the town of 
 Tiverton four years ; and having been elected a 
 member of the Thirty-fourth Congress, served his 
 term, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 Dtirhani, Milton J, — He was born in Mercer 
 County, Kentucky, May 16, 1834 ; graduated at As- 
 bury University, Indiana, in 1844 ; studied law at 
 the Louisville Law School ; was one of the Circuit 
 Judges of Kentucky in 1861 and in 1862, and with 
 the exception of tliat time, has been engaged in the 
 practice of law at Danville since 1850 ; was elected to 
 the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress, serving on the Committees on Bank- 
 ing and Currency, and the Department of Justice. 
 In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of 
 the Committee on Revision of Laws. 
 
 Durhee, Charles, — Bom in Royalton, Vermont, 
 December 5, 1807 ; was a merchant ; removed to 
 Wisconsin, and was elected to the Legislature of that 
 
130 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 State in 1837 and 1838 ; a Representative in Congress 
 in 1848 and 1850 from Wisconsin, and a United States 
 Senator for six years, commencing March, 1855, serv- 
 ing as a member of the Committees on Revolutionary 
 and Private Land Claims. He was a Delegate also to 
 the Peace Congress of 1861, and in 1865 was appointed 
 by President Johnson Governor of Utah. Died at 
 Omaha, January 14, 1870. 
 
 Diittou, ffenri/. — Born in Plymouth, Litchfield 
 County, Connecticut, February 13, 1796 ; graduated 
 at Yale College in 1818 ; studie'd law, and while doing 
 so, taught in an academy ; from 1831 to 1836 he was 
 a tutor in Tale College, and then settled as a lawyer 
 at Newtown ; remained there fourteen years, and then 
 settled in Bridgeport, where he remained ten years ; 
 then settled in New Haven ; was Attorney for the 
 State, Professor of Law in Yale College ; served five 
 years in the Legislature, and one year in the State 
 Senate ; was elected Governor of Connecticut in 
 1854 ; from 1861 to 1866 he was Judge of the Superior 
 Court, and of the Supreme Court of Errors ; and he 
 died in New Haven, April 36, 1869. In 1833 he pub- 
 lished a Digest of the Connecticut Reports, and was 
 one of a Commission to revise and publish the Stat- 
 utes of the State. 
 
 Duval, GabrieJ. — He was born December 6, 
 1753, of a Huguenot family ; served as a Clerk to the 
 first Legislature of ilaryland, before the Declaration 
 of Independence ; he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maryland from 1794 to 1796 ; a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1796 and 1800 ; Comptroller of the 
 United States Treasury in 1803 ; and in 1811 was ap- 
 pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States, which office he held for twenty-five years. 
 He died in Prince George County, Maryland, March 
 6, 1844. 
 
 Duval, J, H. — He was horn in Wellshurg, 
 Brooke County, Virginia, September 1, 1834; when 
 eleven years of age he started out in the world to 
 seek his fortune ; spent fourteen years of his life in 
 camp among the Rocky Mountains and in Texas, 
 Mexico, aud California ; up to the year 1846 lie had 
 visited forty -two tribes of Indians ; soon after that 
 year he commanded a pioneer company from Texas 
 to California ; entered the Volunteer Army from Vir- 
 ginia, in 1861, as a Major; was twice severely 
 wounded, and having served throughout the war, 
 was brevetted a Major-General ; subsequently served 
 two years in the State Senate of West Virginia ; also 
 two years as Adjutant-General of the State ; and in 
 1868 he was elected a Representative from West Vir- 
 ginia to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Territories and Mines and Mining. 
 
 Duval, Thomas FT, — He was born in Virginia ; 
 emigrated to Texas, and settled at Austin ; and in 
 1857 he was appointed United States Judge for the 
 Western District of Texas. 
 
 Duval, William P. — Born in Virginia, in 
 1784, but in early life went to Kentucky, where, for 
 a time, he led the life of a hunter, after which he 
 studied and practiced law ; he was a Representative 
 in Congress from Kentucky from 1813 to 1815 ; and 
 in 1833 was appointed Governor of Florida by Presi- 
 dent Monroe, and re-appointed by Adams and Jackson. 
 He served as a Captain of Mounted Volunteers in 
 1813 ; in 1818 he removed to Texas ; and died in 
 Washington, District of Columbia, March 19, 1854. 
 He was the original of " Ralph Ringwood" of Wash- 
 ington Irving, and " Nimrod Wildfire " of James K. 
 Paulding. 
 
 Dtvlght, Henri/ W. — Bom in Berkshire Coun- 
 ty, Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massachu- 
 
 setts Legislature in 1818 and 1834 ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1831 to 
 1831, and died in New York, February 31, 1845. 
 
 Dwight, Theodore, — Born in Northampton, 
 Massachusetts, December 6, 1764. Soon after the 
 Revolution he studied law, and attained a high posi- 
 tion as a lawyer ; for a great number of years he 
 was a State Senator in Connecticut ; and he was a 
 Representative in Congress from Connecticut during 
 tlie years 1806 and 1807. In 1813 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector. He was a ready aud brilliant writer ; 
 conducted for a time the Hartford Mirror; was 
 Secretary of the Hartford Convention, of which he 
 wrote the authentic history ; in 1815, at the sugges- 
 tion of leading men, he established the Albany 
 Daily Advertiser ; and in 1817 founded the Neto 
 York Daily Advertiser, which he conducted with 
 signal ability until 1836, when he removed to Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, and retired from active life. About 
 three years before his death he went to New York to 
 reside with his son, and died in that city, June 11, 
 1846. Brother of President Timothy Dwight. He 
 was one of the founders of the American Bible So- 
 ciety. He wrote a Life of Thomas Jefferson and a 
 Dictionary of Roots and Derivations. 
 
 Dwight, Thomas, — He graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1778; was a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature in 1794 and 1795 ; a State Sen- 
 ator from 1796 to 1803 and 1813 ; and a member of 
 the Executive Council in 1808 and 1809 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1803 to 1805 ; and died in 1819. 
 
 Dwinell, Justin, — He graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1805 ; was a member of the New York As- 
 sembly in 1831 and 1833 ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Dyer, David P, — Born in Henry County, Vir- 
 ginia, February 12, 1838 ; removed to Missouri in 
 1841 ; educated at St. Charles College ; studied law 
 and canie to the bar in 1859 ; was a District Prose- 
 cuting Attorney in 1860 ; elected to the State Legis- 
 lature in 1863 and 1865 ; had command of the Foity- 
 nintli Missouri Volunteers during a part of the Re- 
 bellion ; was elected Secretary of the State Senate in 
 1866 ; a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868 ; 
 and elected a Representative from Missouri to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Territories and Agriculture. 
 
 Dyer, Eliphalet. — Born in Windham. Connecti- 
 cut, September 38, 1731 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 174(1, and received the degree of LL. D. from that 
 institution in 1787. He commenced the practice of 
 law at the age of nineteen ; from 1745 to 1763 was a 
 Representative to the General Court. He was ap- 
 pointed to the command of a Connecticut regiment 
 during the French War in 1755 ; was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Council in 1763 ; went to England in 1763 
 as Agent of the Susquehanna Company, and was a 
 Delegate to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 ; he was 
 also a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774, 
 and held a seat in that body during the war, except- 
 ing 1779. He was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
 Court in 1706; and was Chief Justice from 1789 10 
 1793. He died in Windham, May 13, 1807. 
 
 Dyer, Ellsha, — He was Governor of Rhode 
 Island for two years, beginning with 1857. 
 
 Dyer, John J, — He was an early emigrant to 
 Iowa, and prior to the year 1850, he was apjioiuted 
 United States Judge for the three Districts of Iowa. 
 
 Eager, S. fF.— He graduated at Princeton Col- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 131 
 
 lege in 1809 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 Eames, Senjatnin T. — He was born in Tud- 
 ham, Massachusetts, June 4, 1818; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1843 ; was admitted to tlie bar, and prac- 
 ticed at Providence ; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1859, 1868, and 1869, serving the la.st year as 
 Speaker; and of the State Senate in 1854, 1855, 1856, 
 1859, and 1803 ; was a Delegate to the Convention at 
 Chicago in 1860 ; elected to the Forty second and two 
 subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committees on 
 Patents and Land Claims. 
 
 Eames, Charles, — Born in New Braintree, Mas- 
 sachusetts, March 20, 1812; in 1831 graduated at 
 Harvard University ; studied at the Cambridge Law 
 School, but was prevented by ill-health from prac- 
 ticing, and in 1845 took a position in the Navy De- 
 partment. A few months later he became a^■soci- 
 ate editor of the Washington Union and was ap- 
 pointed by Mr. Polk Commissioner to the Sandwich 
 Islands for the negotiation of a treaty. In 1850 he 
 returned, and after editing the Nashmlle Union 
 for six months, again edited the Union, until sent 
 as Minister to Venezuela by President Pierce. He 
 returned to Washington in 1858, where he practiced 
 law until his death. During the last five years of his 
 life he won distinction by his knowledge of interna- 
 tional law. Died in Washington, District of Colum- 
 bia, March 16, 1867. 
 
 Earte, Elias. — He was born in Frederick County, 
 Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 South Carolina from 1805 to 1807, from 1811 to 1815, 
 and again from 1817 to 1821. 
 
 Eat'le, John B. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1803 to 1805. 
 
 Earle, Richard T. — He was born in Maryland 
 in 1760; received a liberal education and adopted the 
 profession of law ; was in constant practice from 
 1787 to 1810 ; was subsequently appointed Cliief 
 Judge of the District Court of Maryland and Judge 
 of tlie Court of Appeals ; resigned in 1834, and died 
 at Centreville, Maryland, November 22, 1834. 
 
 Earle, Samuel, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1795 to 1797. 
 
 Earll, Jonas, ,Tr. — Born in 1786 ; was at one 
 time a Senator in the New York Legislature ; a 
 member of Congress from that State from 1827 to 
 1831 ; and a Canal Commissioner at the time of liis 
 death, which occurred at Syracuse, New York, in 
 October, 1846. 
 
 Earll, Nehemiah M, — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Early, Peter, — Bom in Madison County, Vir- 
 ginia, June 20, 1773, and emigrated to Georgia with 
 his father in 1795. He graduated at Nassau Hall, 
 Princeton, and studied law in Philadelphia. He 
 served in the United States House of Representatives 
 from Georgia from 1802 to 1807 ; and was one of the 
 most conspicuous among its members who supported 
 the Administration. On his return to Georgia he was 
 made a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, 
 and in 1813 was elected Governor of his adopted 
 State. He was subsequently a State Senator, but for 
 several years before his death lived in retirement. 
 He died August 15, 1817. 
 
 Easby, William,— Re was appointed in 1851 
 
 Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of 
 Columbia, holding the position until 1853. 
 
 Easterbrook, Ejrj)e rience,— Born in Lebanon, 
 Grafton County, New Hampshire, April 30, 1813; 
 received a good academic education ; studied law in 
 Buffalo, and graduated at the Law School of Marshall 
 College, Pennsylvania ; removed to Wisconsin in 
 1840, where he practiced his profession until 1854 ; 
 besides holding a number of county offices, he was a 
 member of the Convention that formed the Constitu- 
 tion of that State ; served also in the Legislature of 
 Wisconsin, and was Attorney-General of the State. 
 In 1854 he was appointed United States District At- 
 torney for the Territory of Nebraska, which office he 
 held until 1859, when he was elected a Delegate to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress from Nel)raska. 
 
 Enstman, Bettjamin C. — A Representative in 
 Congress from Wisconsin, from 1851 to 1855. He 
 died February 5, 1856, at Platteville, in that State. 
 
 Eastman, Ira A, — He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire ; graduated in Dartmouth College in 1829 ; 
 served in the State Legislature, and was Speaker of 
 the House from 1837 to 1839 ; he was at one time 
 Secretary of the State Senate ; Register of Probate ; 
 and from 1844 to 1859 was a Judge of the Circuit and 
 Supreme Court ; and elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Hampshire from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 East man, John B.— Bom July 29, 1836, in 
 Andover, New Hampshire ; graduated from the 
 Scientific Department of Dartmouth College in 1862 ; 
 appointed Assistant at the United States Naval 
 Observatory, November 7, 1862, and Professor 
 of Mathematics in the United States Navy, Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1865, still continuing on duty at the Observ- 
 atory. 
 
 Eastman, Nehemiah, — Was bom in Strafford 
 County, New Hampshire ; was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; settled at Farmington, New Hampshire ; vpas a 
 Senator in the State Legislature from 1820 to 1825 ; 
 a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire 
 from 1825 to 1827. Died January 11, 1856, aged 
 sixty-five years. 
 
 East on, Buftis, — He was appointed, in 1805, 
 United States Judge for the Territory of Louisiana ; 
 and elected a Delegate to Congress from Missouri 
 Territory from 1814 to 1816. 
 
 Eaton, Horace. — Born in Barnard, Vermont, 
 June 22, 1804 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 
 1835 ; practiced medicine in Enosbury from 1828 to 
 1848, when he was appointed Professor of Chemistry 
 and Natural History in Middlebury College, subse- 
 quently residing at Middlebury. He was for some 
 years a member of the Legislature ; Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor from 1843 to 1846 ; Superintendent of Public 
 Schools from 1845 to 1850, and Governor of the State 
 from 1846 to 1849. He was a member of the Consti- 
 tutional Convention in 1848. Died at Middlebury, 
 July 4, 1855. 
 
 Eaton, John. — He was bom in Sutton, New 
 Hampshire, December 5, 1829 ; graduated at Dart 
 mouth College in 1854 ; removed to Ohio, and was 
 Superintendent of Schools at Toledo from 1856 to 
 1859 ; studied theology at Andover ; served as a Chap- 
 lain in the Army ; had charge of the Freedmen in the 
 extreme South ; was commissioned a Colonel in the 
 Volunteer Service, and brevetted a General ; held a 
 number of official positions during the war ; estab- 
 lished and edited the Daily Post at Memphis, Ten- 
 nessee ; and in 1870 he was appointed United States 
 
133 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Commissioner of Education. Wrote and published 
 many papers on matters connected with education. 
 
 Eaton, John II. — He was born in Tennessee; 
 was a Senator in Congress from Tennessee from ]818 
 to 1829 ; was Secretary of War under President Jack- 
 son (as well as a warm personal friend) from 1829 to 
 1831 ; from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of the Terri- 
 tory of Florida ; and from 183G to 1840 Minister Plen- 
 ipotentiary to Spain. He died in Washington, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, November 17, 1856, aged sixty-six 
 years. He was the author of a Life of Andrew Jack- 
 son. 
 
 Eaton,, Lewis, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1825. 
 
 Eaton, William W. — Born in Tolland, Con- 
 necticut, in October, 1816 ; educated at public schools 
 generally, but also had private teaching ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar ; settled in Hart- 
 ford, and had an active practice ; was elected a mem- 
 ber of the House of Representatives of Connecticut in 
 1847, 1848, 1853, 1863, 1868, 1870, 1871, 1873, and 
 1874 ; was elected Speaker in 1853 and 1873, and State 
 Senator iu 1850 ; and in 1874 he was elected United 
 States Senator for the term expiring in 1881. 
 
 Eckerf, George N. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1847 to 1849, after which he was ap- 
 pointed Director of the United States Mint from 1851 
 to 1853. He was a physician by profession, and a 
 man of superior ability. Died in Philadelphia, in 
 July, 1865. 
 
 Eckles, Delane It. — He was bom in Kentucky ; 
 removed to Indiana ; and was appointed Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Utah. 
 
 Eckley, Epht'aim B. — Bom in Jefferson Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, December 9, 1813 ; received his education 
 in the West ; read law, and came to the bar in 1837 ; 
 was a member of the Ohio Senate in 1843, 1845, and 
 1849, serving until 18.51 ; and in 1853 he was elected 
 to the State House of Representatives. After the Re- 
 bellion broke out he had charge, as Colonel, of the 
 Twenty-sixth and Eightieth Regiments of Ohio Vol- 
 unteers, serving through several battles, and at the 
 battle of Corinth he had command of a brigade. In 
 1863 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Private Land Claims, and on Roads and 
 Canals ; and in March, 1863, resigned his position in 
 the army. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Public Lands and 
 on Accounts. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was 
 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old 
 Committees. 
 
 Eililij, Korman. — He was born in New York, 
 and having removed to Indiana, was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Edflji, Samuel. — Bom in Providence, Rhode 
 Island, March 31, 1769 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
 versity in 1787 ; studied law, but did not long engage 
 in practice. In 1798 he was chosen Secretary of 
 State, and held the office for twenty -one years, when 
 he resigned, and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from his native State from 1819 to 1825. 
 He was subsequently Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Rhode Island for eight years. He devoted 
 some attention to literary pursuits, and was honored 
 in 1801 with the degree of LL.D. He died in Provi- 
 dence, February 3, 1839. 
 
 Eden, Charles. — Was Governor of North Caro- 
 lina from 1713 to 1723. Died March 26, 1723, aged 
 forty-eight years. 
 
 Eden, if oh n M. — Was bom in Bath County, Ken- 
 tucky, February 1, 1826 ; went with his parents, at an 
 early age, to Indiana, and received a common-school 
 education ; studied law, and commenced the practice 
 of it in Illinois. In 1856 he was appointed State At- 
 torney for the Seventeenth District, which office he 
 held four years ; and in 1863 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committees on Accounts 
 and Revolutionary Pensions. He was re-elected to 
 the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving 
 on the Committee on Claims. In December, 1875, he 
 was appointed Chaimian of the Committee on War 
 Claims. 
 
 Edgeeomb, Willard W. — He was a citizen of 
 Maine, and, while holding the position of Consul at 
 Cape Town, in Africa, was empowered to negotiate a 
 treaty of friendship and commerce with the Orange 
 Free States, in 1871. 
 
 Edgerton, Alfred P. — He was born in New 
 York, and. removing to Ohio, was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Eflgerton, Josejyh Ketchum. — Born iu Ver- 
 gennes, Vermont, February 16, 1818 ; spent his youth 
 in Clinton County, New York, and received a com- 
 mon-school education, chiefly at Plattsburg ; read 
 law ; settled in New York City, in 1835 ; and came to 
 the bar in 1839, and removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, 
 in 1844. In 1855 he was President of the Fort Wayne 
 and Chicago Railroad Company, and subsequently 
 financial agent of the same when consolidated with 
 the Pittsburg road, and in 1863 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Edgerton,, Sidney. — Born in Cazenovia, Madi- 
 son County, New York, in 1818 ; became an orphan 
 when a mere boy, and acquired an academic education 
 by means of his own exertions, teaching school and 
 studying at the same time ; removed to Ohio in 1844, 
 and studied law, spending one year at the Law School 
 in Cincinnati ; he was a Prosecuting Attorney for four 
 years in Summit County ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on the District of Co- 
 lumbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims 
 and Private Land Claims. He was appointed by 
 President Lincoln a Judge for the Territory of Idaho, 
 and, subsequently, Governor of Montana. 
 
 Ed ie, John E. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses from that State, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Edmands,J. Wiley.- — He was bom in Massa- 
 chusetts, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Edmond, William. — Bora at South Britain, Con- 
 necticut, September 38, 1755, and graduated at Yale 
 College in 1773. He was a volunteer soldier at the 
 burning of Danbury, and received a wound in the leg 
 which made him lame for life. He was a lawyer by 
 profession ; was chosen a member of the Legislature, 
 member of the Council, and Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, and a member of Congress from 
 Connecticut from 1798 to 1801. He died in Newton, 
 Connecticut, August 1, 1838. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 133 
 
 Edmonds, John irorth, — ^Bom in Hudson, 
 
 New York, March 13. 1799 ; graduated at Union 
 College in 1816 ; was admitted to the bar in 1819 and 
 began to practice in Hudson in 1820 ; he was a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature in 1831 ; and of the Senate 
 from 1833 to 1836 ; and also of the Court of Errors. 
 In 1836 and 1837 he was sent by the Government on 
 special missions to the Indians on the frontiers. In 
 1837 he resumed the practice of law in New Torlc 
 city ; was Prison Inspector in 1843 ; Circuit Judge 
 from 1845 to 1847 ; Judge of the Superior Court from 
 1847 to 1853 ; and a member of the Court of Appeals in 
 1853 and 1853 ; when he retired and practiced in New 
 York. He became an advocate of Spiritualism in 
 1853, and published a work, in two volumes, on the 
 subject ; and also other additional volumes. Died in 
 New York, April 5, 1874. 
 
 Kdmondson, Henry A. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and having been elected a Representative in 
 Congress from that State, in 1849, was re-elected to 
 each successive Congress down to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Public Expenditures. 
 
 Etfuiiinds, George F.—Re was born in Rich- 
 mond, Vermont, February 1, 1838 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education, and enjoyed tlie instructions of 
 a private tutor ; he studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1849, devoting himself exclusively to the legal pro- 
 fession. In 1851 he settled in Burlington, and in 
 18-54, 1855, 1857, 1858, and 18.59, was elected to 
 the Vermont Legislature, serving three years as 
 Speaker ; in 1861 and 1863 he was elected to the 
 State Senate, officiating as President pro tern, of that 
 body during those years. On the breaking out of 
 the Rebellion he was a member of the State Conven- 
 tion which met to form a coalition between the Re- 
 publicans and War Democrats, and drew up the 
 resolutions which were adopted in that Convention as 
 the basis of union for the country. On the death of 
 Solomon Foot, he was appointed in his place to the 
 United States Senate, tailing his seat in April, 1866, 
 and the appointment was confinned by the Legisla- 
 ture. The Committees upon which he served were 
 those on Commerce, Public Lands, Pensions, Re- 
 trenchment, and the Judiciary. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 
 1866. During the Forty-second and Forty -third Con- 
 gresses he was Chairman of the Committee on the 
 Judiciary, and was re-elected to the Senate for the 
 term ending in 1881. 
 
 Edintinds, G. — He was an emigrant to Utah, and 
 was appointed an Associate Judge of the United 
 States Court for that Territory. 
 
 Edmunds, James 31, — He was born in Nia- 
 gara County, New York, August 23, 1810 ; received 
 a common school and academical education. From 
 1826 until 1831 he was a school teacher ; removed to 
 Michigan and became a merchant at Ypsilanti. He 
 was for ten years an Inspector of Schools, holding also 
 a number of other local positions ; in 1839 he was elect- 
 ed to the State Senate ; in 1846 to the Lower House ; 
 in 1847 he was the Whig candidate for Governor, but 
 not elected. He was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1851 : in 1858 he removed to Detroit and 
 entered extensively into the lumbering business. 
 From 1857 to 1861 he was Comptroller of Detroit 
 which office he resigned to become Commissioner of 
 the General Land Office in Washington ; resigning 
 that position in 1866 he was chosen Postmaster of 
 the United States Senate, which he resigned in 1869, 
 to accept the office of Postmaster of Washington 
 City. From 1855 to 1861 he was Chairman of the 
 Republican State Central Committee of Michigan ; 
 President of the Michigan Soldiers' Relief Associ 
 
 ation in Washington City, from its organization in 
 1861 ; and he was also President of the National 
 Council of the Union League of America from its or- 
 ganization in 1862 to 1869, when he retired from the 
 position. 
 
 Ed)nnnds, Ketcton, — He was born in New 
 York ; was an early emigrant to Dakota : and in 1863 
 he was appointed Governor of that Territory, resid- 
 ing at Yankton, and serving in that office until 1866. 
 
 Edsall, Joseph E, — He was born in Sussex 
 County, New Jersey, and was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. 
 He was also a member of the State Legislature, and 
 of the Convention which framed the last State Con- 
 stitution. 
 
 Edivard, JoJiii, — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1843. 
 
 Edwards, Venjamhi, — Was born in Stafford 
 County, Virginia, in 1753, and died in Todd County, 
 Kentucky, November 13. 1826. He had not the ad- 
 vantage of a classical education, and his pursuits 
 were those of agriculture and merchandise. He was 
 a member of the Maryland Legislature ; also of the 
 State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitu- 
 tion ; and a member of Congress from Maryland from 
 1794 to 1795, to fill the unexpired term of Uriah For- 
 rest. He spent the latter years of his life in Ken- 
 tucky, but held no public position in that State. 
 
 Edirards, Francis .*?.— He was born in Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, May 38, 1818 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; and removing to New York, was ap- 
 pointed a Master in Chancery, in 1841, for the County 
 of Chenango ; in 1851 was elected Surrogate of Chau- 
 tauqua County ; and in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress from New York. 
 
 Edwards, Henry IT'.— He was born in New 
 Haven, Connecticut, in 1779 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1797 ; studied his profession at the Litch- 
 field Law School, and settled in New Haven. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1823 ; 
 United States Senator from 1833 to 1827 ; member of 
 the State Senate in 1828 and 1839 ; Speaker of the 
 Connecticut House of Representatives in 1830 ; Gov- 
 ernor in 1833, and from 1835 to 1838 ; and upon his 
 recommendation a geological survey of the State 
 was taken. He died in New Haven, July 22, 1847. 
 
 Edwards, James L. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and was appointed from that State in 1837, the Com- 
 missioner of Pensions, serving in that capacity until 
 1850. 
 
 Edwards, John, — He was a member of the 
 Kentucky Legislature from Fayette County in 1781, 
 1782, 1783, and 1785 ; was a Commissioner who chose 
 the seat Of Government at Frankfort in 1785 ; was a 
 member of the State Conventions of that year ; and 
 of the Convention to ratify the Federal Constitution 
 in 1793 ; and was United States Senator from Ken- 
 tucky from 1793 to 1795. 
 
 Edirards, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843, and 
 died in Chester, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1843. 
 
 Edirards, John C. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Missouri from 1841 to 1843, and 
 Governor of that State from 1844 to 1848. 
 
 Edwards, Ifinian, — Was born in Montgomery 
 County, Maryland, March, 1775. He was in early 
 
134 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 life the intimate friend of William Wirt, and grad- 
 uated at Dickinson College. He studied both medi- 
 cine and law, but devoted liimself to the practice of 
 the law with eminent success. Removing to Ken- 
 tucky, he was twice elected to the Legislature ; was 
 appointed a Circuit Clerk, and subsequently Judge of 
 the General Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit Court, 
 of the Court of Appeals, and finally. Chief Justice 
 of the State, and all before reaching the thirty- 
 second year of his age. In 1809 President Madison 
 appointed him Governor of the Territory of Illinois, 
 to which office he was three times re-appointed. Be- 
 fore Congress had adopted any measures on the sub- 
 ject of volunteer rangers, he organized companies, 
 supplied them with arms, built stocliade forts, and 
 established a line of posts from the mouth of the 
 Missouri to the Wabash River. He was thus pre- 
 pared for defense, and during the Indian wars on the 
 frontiers was most devoted to his country's service. 
 In 1816 he was appointed a Commissioner to treat 
 with the Indian tribes. When Illinois became a 
 State, he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving 
 from 1818 to 1834, when he was appointed Ministter to 
 Mexico, but declined the office. In 1826 he was 
 elected Governor of the State of Illinois, which office 
 he filled until 1831. He died of cholera, July 20, 1833. 
 
 Edwards, Plerrepont. — He was born in North- 
 ampton, Massachusetts, April 8, 1750; and was the 
 youngest son of Jonathan Edwards, the distinguished 
 divine. From the fact that his father was a mission- 
 ary among the Stockbridge Indians, he spent much 
 of his early boyhood among that people, and acquired 
 the language so perfectly that he was wont to say 
 that he "thought in Indian." His later boyhood he 
 spent in New Jersey and Nrfrth Carolina, and was 
 educated at Princeton College. He studied law, and 
 settled in the practice of the profession at New 
 Haven, Connecticut, and he was frequently elected 
 to the Connecticut Legislature ; was administrator 
 of the estate of Benedict Arnold at the time of his 
 treason. He served in the army during the Revolu- 
 tion ; was in two hard-fought battles ; and, at the 
 battle of Danbury he was reported killed, because he 
 remained on the battle-field for the purpose of rescu- 
 ing a friend ; he was a Delegate from Connecti- 
 cut to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. . 
 He subsequently filled the office of United States 
 Judge for the State of Connecticut, which he held at 
 the time of his death, which occurred at Bridgeport, 
 Connecticut, April 1, 1826. He was the founder of 
 what was called the ToUratvm Party in Connecticut, 
 and by his ability and perseverance called down upon 
 his head the animosity of the Calvinists ; and he was 
 also the first Grand Master among the Masons of 
 Connecticut, having, in fact, drawn up the Constitu- 
 tion of the original Lodge in that State. 
 
 Edwards, Samuel. — He was bom in Delaware 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1819 to 1827. 
 
 Edwards, Thomas M. — Born in Cheshire 
 County, New Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College ; adopted the profession of law ; served eight 
 years in the New Hampshire Legislature between 
 the years 1834 and 1856 ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1856 ; and, in 1859, was elected a Representative 
 from New Hampshire to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Indian 
 Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Edwards, Tom O, — He was born in Maryland, 
 and, having taken up his residence in Ohio, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Edwards, Weldon K. — Bom in Northampton 
 County, North Carolina, in 1788 ; educated at War- 
 renton Academy ; read law, and came to the bar in 
 1810 ; was in the Legislature for two years ; and was 
 a member of Congress from North Carolina from 1816 
 to 1827. He again went into the Legislature, serving 
 there from 1833 to 1844 ; and was re-elected in 1850, 
 when he was made President of the State Senate. 
 He was President of a State Convention in 1861 ; and 
 died in Warren, North Carolina, December 18, 1873. 
 
 Edwards, Willi (tin P. — He was born in Geor- 
 gia ; received a legal education ; and was elected a 
 Representative from that State to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Claims. 
 
 Effner, J'alenfiiie. — He was born in New York ; 
 a member of the Assembly of that State in 1829 ; and 
 a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Egbert, A, G. — Born in Mercer County, Penn- 
 sylvania, April 13, 1828 ; educated principally in pub- 
 lic schools ; was trained a farmer ; quit that business 
 in 1852 to attend two academic courses in Ohio. In 
 1853 commenced the study of medicine, and gradu- 
 ated in 1856 ; engaged in practice for six years, and 
 then turned his attention again to farming and to the 
 production and manufacturing of petroleum oil ; was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he was 
 appointed Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. 
 
 Egbert, Joseph. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Effe, George. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania, during the years 1796 and 
 1797, for the unexpired tenn of D. Heister, resigned. 
 
 Eggleston, Benjamin, — He was born in Cor- 
 inth, Saratoga County, New York, January 3, 1816 ; 
 removed with his father to Hocking County, Ohio, 
 in 1831, where he entered upon commercial pur- 
 suits, and since which time he has been exten- 
 sively identified with the business interests and pros- 
 perity of Cincinnati and Ohio. He was connected for 
 many years with the Board of Public Works of Ham- 
 ilton County and Cincinnati, and was its Chairman ; 
 was the effective Chairman, also, of an important 
 Finance Committee, in a time of great public distress ; 
 President of the City Council, and was likewise for 
 some years a member of the State Legislature. He 
 was a member of the Chicago Convention of 1860, 
 and a Presidential Elector at the following election ; 
 and in looking after the welfare of the Ohio soldiers 
 during the Rebellion, rendered services that were 
 universally acknowledged. One or two important 
 canals were inaugurated by him, and carried on un- 
 der his supervision ; and, in 1864, he was elected a 
 Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and 
 Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and 
 Revenue Frauds. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and 
 was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the additional Committee of Expenditures in the Post 
 Office Department. He subsequently published sev- 
 eral successful novels. 
 
 Eggleston, Joseph. — Born in Amelia County, 
 Virginia, November 24, 1754, and died February 15, 
 1811. He was educated at the College of William 
 and Mary ; served in the Revolutionary War as a 
 Captain and Major of Cavalry under Colonel Henry 
 Lee ; was in several of the battles fought by Gates 
 and Greene ; he served in the Virginia Assembly for 
 
BIOGRAPUICAL ANNALS. 
 
 135 
 
 several years ; and was a Kepresentative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1T98 to 1801. From tlie time of 
 his leaving Congress until his death he was a Justice 
 of the Peace. 
 
 Ela, tTacob H, — Born in Rochester, New Hamp- 
 shire, July 18, 1820 ; began active life as a printer in 
 the office of the Statesman newspaper in 18S7 ; 
 established and edited the Herald of Freedom, and 
 also participated in establishing the Independent 
 Democrat. In 1857 and 1858 he was a member of the 
 State Legislature, and filled several other State 
 otfices; in 1801 he was appointed by President Lin- 
 coln United States Marshal for his State, holding the 
 office until 1866 ; and in 1867 he was elected a Kepre- 
 sentative from New Hampshire to tlie Fortieth 
 and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees 
 on Printing, Claims, and Freedmen's Affairs. In 1873 
 he was appointed Fifth Auditor of the Treasury. 
 
 Eldred, Nathaniel B. — He was bom in Orange 
 County, New York, in 1795; a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1822 to 1828 ; for 
 a time Canal Commissioner of Pennsylvania ; Naval 
 Officer at Philadelphia from 1852 to 1856 ; and died 
 at Bethany, Pennsylvania, January 27, 1807. 
 
 JShlriilge, Charles A. — He was born in Bridge- 
 port, Addison County, Vermont, February 27, 1821. 
 Wlien a child he removed with his parents to St. 
 Lawrence County, New York ; studied law in that 
 State, and came to the bar in 1840. In 1848 he 
 removed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin ; in 1854 and 
 1855 he was a member of the State Senate ; and in 
 1802 he was elected a Representative from Wisconsin 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Revolutionary Claims and Naval Affairs. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National 
 Union Convention" of 1866; and was re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Judiciary and Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected 
 to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the 
 Judiciary Committee and that on the District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 Elgar, >Toseph. — He was appointed Commis- 
 sioner of Public Buildings for the District of 
 Ccjlumbia in 1816, and continued in that office until 
 1834. 
 
 Eliot, Smnuel A. — Born in Boston, Massachu- 
 setts, March 5, 1798 ; educated at Harvard College, 
 and engaged in commercial and manufacturing busi- 
 ness. He was Mayor of Boston from 1837 to 1839 ; 
 Representative and Senator in the Legislature for 
 three or four years ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1850 to 1851. He was also Treasurer of 
 Harvard College eleven years. Died at Cambridge, 
 January 20, 1803. 
 
 Eliot, Thomas D. — Born in Boston, Massachu- 
 setts, March 20, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia College, 
 Washington, in 1825 ; adopted the profession of law, 
 and settled at New Bedford ; served in both Houses 
 of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress for the unexpired term of Zeno 
 Scudder, in 1855 ; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce ; 
 re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was 
 Chairman of the Special Committee on Confiscation 
 of the property of rebels ; and was re-elected to the 
 Tliirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Commerce and on Expenditures in the Treasury 
 Department, and also as Chairman of the Special 
 Committee on Emancipation. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, and was again a member of 
 
 the Committee on Commerce, and Chairman of that 
 on Freedmen, and also of that on the New Orleans 
 Riots. Several important bills bearing on tlie colored 
 race were drawn up by him. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; 
 and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Died at 
 New Bedford, June 15, 1870. 
 
 Elkins, Stephen B. — He was born in Ohio, 
 September 30, 1841 ; removed to Missouri when 
 young; graduated at the University of that State in 
 1800 ; studied law, and went to the Territory of 
 New Mexico in 1808; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1864 and 1805 ; held the offices of District At- 
 torney, Attorney-General, and United States District 
 Attorney in the Territory; and was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Ellery, Christojjher. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1787 ; was a Senator in Congress from 
 Rhode Island from 1801 to 1805 ; and was appointed in 
 the latter year, United States Commissioner of 
 Loans. He was appointed Collector of Newport in 
 1828, and died in 1840. 
 
 Ellery, M'illiam . — He was born in Newport, 
 Rhode Island, December 22, 1727 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1747 ; was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 1776 to 1780, and from 1783 to 1785 ; was a signer of 
 the Declaration of Independence, and also of the 
 Articles of Confederation ; in 1786 he was appointed 
 Commissioner of Loans for Rhode Island ; was elect- 
 ed Chief Justice of the State ; and iu 1789 he was 
 appointed by Washington Collector of Newport, 
 which office he held until his death, which occurred 
 February 15, 1820. 
 
 Ellicott, Andretv. — He was born in Bucks 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1754 ; was a Civil 
 Engineer ; founded the town of Ellicott's Mills, in 
 Maryland ; was a personal friend of Franklin and 
 Washington ; in 1790 was employed by the General 
 Government to survey and lay out the City of Wash- 
 ington. In 1792 he was appointed Surveyor-General 
 of the United States, and in 1813 became a Professor 
 of Mathematics at West Point, where he died, August 
 29, 1830. 
 
 Ellicott, Benjamin. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Elliot, tlohn, — He graduated at Yale College in 
 1794 ; resided in Sunbury, Liberty County, Georgia, 
 and was a Senator in Congress from that State from 
 1819 to 1825, serving on several important Commit- 
 tees. He died August 9, 1827. 
 
 Elliott, tfanies, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont from 1803 to 1809, and died 
 at Newfane, Vermont, November 10, 1839. 
 
 Elliott, James T.^— Born in Monroe County, 
 Georgia, April 22, 1833 ; received a common-school 
 education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854 ; 
 was chosen President of a railroad company in 1858 ; 
 was elected a Circuit Judge in Arkansas in 1866 ; es- 
 tablished a newspaper at Camden, in that State, 
 in 1867, called the South Arkansas Journal; and 
 was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the 
 Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired term of James 
 Hinds, who was assassinated. 
 
 Elliott, John Jtf.— Born in Scott County, Vir- 
 ginia, May 16, 1820. He was educated in the county 
 schools of Kentucky ; studied law, and commenced 
 to practice in 1843 ; was elected to the State Legis- 
 
136 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 lature in 1847 ; and, in 1853, was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Ellioff, Itobeft lifoivn, of Columbia, — 
 
 Born in Boston, Massachusetts, August 11, 1843; in 
 ISoiJ entered High Holborn Academy, in London. 
 England ; in 1855 entered Eton College, England, 
 and graduated in 1859 ; studied law, and practiced 
 his profession ; was a member of the State Constitu- 
 tional Convention of South Carolina in 1868 : was a 
 member of the House of Representatives of South 
 Carolina from 1868 to 1870 ; was appointed in 1869 
 Assistant Adjutant-General, which position he held 
 until elected to the Forty-second Congress. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, and served on 
 several Committees, but resigned. 
 
 JEflis, Caleb. — Born at Walpole, Massachusetts, 
 and graduated at Harvard College in 1793 ; when ad- 
 mitted to the bar he settled at Clareraont, New 
 Hamjjshire. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1805 to 1809 ; was a member of the Council, 
 and in 1811 elected to the State Senate. In 1812 he 
 was one of the Electors of President and Vice-Presi- 
 dent ; and in 1813 was Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of New Hampshire, and continued in that oifice until 
 his death, which occurred May 9, 1816, aged forty- 
 nine years. 
 
 Ellis, Cheselden. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Ell is, E. John. — Bom in Covington, St. Tam- 
 many Parish, Louisiana, of which State his father, 
 E. P. Ellis, was a District Judge ; partially edu- 
 cated at Centenary College, but graduated at the 
 University of Louisiana in 1861 ; entered the Con- 
 federate Army as a private, and became Captain of 
 Infantry, serving under Generals Johnston, Beaure- 
 gard, and Bragg ; in 1863 he was captured and im- 
 prisoned at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie ; after his 
 release, in 1865, he returned to Louisiana and began 
 practicing law, which he continued until 1874, when 
 he was elected a Representative from Louisiana to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he 
 was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Mis- 
 sissipiji Levees. 
 
 Ellis, John H'illis. — Born in Rowan, North 
 Carolina, November 33, 1830 ; graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of North Carolina in 1841 ; studied law ; 
 was a member of the House of Commons of that 
 State from i844 to 1848, then Judge of the Superior 
 Courts of Law and Eipiity : and was Governor of 
 North Carolina from 1859 till his death, which oc- 
 curred in Raleigh, in 1861. 
 
 Ellis, Poichafan. — He was born in Virginia, 
 but removing at an early day to Mississippi there de- 
 voted liimself to the practice of law. He became one 
 of the Judges of the Supreme Court of that State ; in 
 1835 he was appointed to a seat in the United States 
 Senate, hut was displaced by the Legislature ; in 
 1837, however, the Legislature elected him a Senator 
 in Congress, where he served until 1833, after which 
 he was appointed United States Judge for the Dis- 
 trict of Mississippi. In 1836 he was appointed Charge 
 d' Affaires to Mexico, and in 1839 full Minister to that 
 Republic. 
 
 Ellis, Vespasian. — He was a citizen of Mis- 
 souri, and in 1844 was appointed Charge d'Affaires to 
 Venezuela, where he remained until 1845. 
 
 Ellis, Jt'illiam C, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Ellison, Andrew. — He was born in Ireland, and, 
 having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Ellsworth, Henri/ Leaviff.—'BoTn at Windsor, 
 Connecticut, November 10, 1791 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1810 ; studied law at Litchfield, and settled 
 at Windsor, but after a few years removed to Hart- 
 ford, where he lived about ten years ; was then 
 appointed Resident Commissioner among the Indian 
 tribes in Arkansas ; was United States Commissioner 
 of Patents from 1836 to 1845 ; his Reports to Congress 
 during this period added greatly to the improvement 
 of agriculture ; he then settled in Lafayette, Indiana, 
 where he was a purchaser of United States land. In 
 1857 he returned to Connecticut. He was the author 
 of "Digest of Patents from 1770 to 1839." Died at 
 Fair Haven, Connecticut, December 37, 1858. 
 
 Ellsirorfh. Henry If. — He was the son of 
 Henry L., and born in Windsor, Connecticut, in 
 1814 ; graduated at Yale College in 1834 ; studied 
 law in New Haven Law School ; removed to In- 
 diana in 1835 ; was counsel for S. B. F. Morse in 
 some of his suits connected with telegraph patents ; 
 and was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Sweden in 
 1843. Died at New Haven, in August, 1864. He 
 was the author of " Sketches of the Upper Wa- 
 bash Valley," and a contributor to the Knickcrhocker 
 Magazine. 
 
 Ellsirorfh, Oliver. — Born at Windsor, Connec- 
 ticut, April 39, 1745, and graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege, New Jersey, in 1766. He studied law, and soon 
 became eminent in the practice. In 1777 he was 
 chosen a Delegate in Congress from Connecticut. In 
 1780 he was elected to the Council of Connecticut, 
 and was a member of that body till 1784, when he 
 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of that 
 State. In 1787 he was elected a member of the Con- 
 vention which framed the Federal Constitution. In 
 an assembly illustrious for talents, erudition, and 
 patriotism, he held a distinguished place. His exer- 
 tions essentially aided in the production of an instru- 
 ment which has been the main pillar of American 
 prosperity and glory. He was afterwards a member 
 of the State Convention of Connecticut, and contrib- 
 uted his efforts towards procuring the ratification of 
 the Constitution by that State. When the Federal 
 Government was organized, in 1789, he was a member 
 of the Senate from Connecticut. In 1796 he was ap- 
 pointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, but resigned the otKce on 
 account of ill-health in 1800. In 1805 he was a 
 Presidential Elector. In 1799 he was appointed by 
 President Adams Envoy Extraordinary to France, for 
 the purpose of settling a treaty with that nation. 
 He received the degree of LL.D. in 1790, from Yale 
 College, and in 1797 from Dartmouth. He died No- 
 vember 36, 1807. 
 
 Ellsworth, Samiiel S. — He was born in Ver- 
 mont ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 
 1840, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Ellsworth, iniliam fV. — He was the son of 
 Oliver Ellsworth ; born in Windsor County, Connec- 
 ticut, November 10, 1791 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1810 ; adopted the profession of law, and was Pro- 
 fessor of Law in Trinity College ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Connecticut from 1839 to 
 1833. In 1838 he was elected Governor of Connecti- 
 cut, and re-elected for four years ; was a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Connecticut for many years. 
 Died at Hartford, Connecticut, January 15, 1868. 
 
 Elniendorf, Lucas. — He graduated at Prince- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 137 
 
 ton in 1783, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1797 to 1803 ; a member of the 
 Assembly of that State in 1804 and 1805 ; and a State 
 Senator from 1814 to 1817. Died August 17, 1843, 
 aged eighty-five years. 
 
 JCfnifi', Ebenezer, — He was born in Cedarville, 
 New Jersey, in 1753 ; was educated a physician ; was 
 a Field Otiicer in the Revolutionary War ; also a Sur- 
 geon in the army ; was President of the Society of the 
 Cincinnati for New Jersey ; a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1801 to 1807 ; served a 
 number of years in the State Assembly, and was 
 chosen Speaker; he was also tor a long time Adju- 
 tant-General of the New Jersey Militia ; during the 
 War of 1813 he commanded the troops on the Dela- 
 ware ; in 1807 and 1815 he was a member and Vice- 
 President of the State Council ; in 1808 he was ap- 
 pointed Collector of Bridgetou, and held the office for 
 many years ; died at Bridgeton, New Jersey, October 
 18, 1843. He was one who always seemed to think 
 more of his duty as a public oflBcer than of his private 
 interests. 
 
 Elmer, tTou athan. — He was born in Cumberland 
 County, New Jersey, in 1745 ; was a prominent physi- 
 cian, and practiced in his native county, having grad- 
 uated with honors at the University of Pennsylvania; 
 was a member of the Continental Congress ; and a 
 Senator in Congress under the Federal Constitution 
 from New Jersey from 1789 to 1791. He was one of 
 those who voted for locating the Seat of Government 
 on the Potomac. During the Revolution he was a 
 Sheriff, a Surrogate, and a Judge ; was a man of learn- 
 ing, and a member of the Philosophical Society of 
 America. He died in 1817. 
 
 Elmer, Lucius Q. C. — Bom in Bridgeton, New 
 Jersey, in 1793 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1834 ; was educated a lawyer, which profession he 
 practiced in his native town. For many yeare he was 
 Prosecutor for the State ; was in the Assembly from 
 1830 to 1833, the last year being Speaker of that body; 
 and in 1834 he was appointed Attorney of the United 
 States for New Jersey, which office he filled until 
 1839. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Jersey from 1843 to 1845 ; in 1850 was appointed 
 Attorney- General of the State ; and in 1853 one of 
 the Justices of the Supreme Court of his State, whicli 
 office he continued to hold until 1859. 
 
 Elmore. Franklin Hfirper. — Born in Laurens 
 District, vSouth Carolina, in 1799; ente];pd South Caro- 
 lina College in November, 1817, and}graduated in 
 1819 ; he was a lawyer by profession, and admitted 
 to the bar in 1831 ; was a Colonel of Militia, and also 
 a Trustee of the South Carolina College. In 1833 he 
 was elected Solicitor of the Southern Circuit, and 
 was continued in this office, by re-elections, until 1837, 
 when he was elected to the House of Representatives 
 in Congress, and served till 1839 ; he was that year 
 elected President of the Bank of the State of South 
 Carolina, which office he held till his appointment to 
 the Senate, in April, 1850, to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the death of the Hon. John C. Calhoun. His voice 
 was heard but once in the Senate, and then in answer- 
 ing to his name when called by the Secretary. He 
 died in Washington, District of Columbia, May 29, 
 1850. 
 
 Elmore, Rus/i, — He was born in Alabama and 
 settled in Kansas ; and he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for that Territory, 
 residing at Lecompton. 
 
 Elt/, Alfred, — Was bom in Lyme, New London 
 County, Connecticut, February 18, 1815 ; removed to 
 Rochester, New York, in 1835 ; studied law and was 
 
 admitted to the bar in 1841, where he has since prac- 
 ticed his profession. In 1840. while a student at law, 
 he was appointed Clerk of the Recorder's Court of 
 Rochester ; in 1858 was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; was re- 
 elected, and while in the Thirty-seventh Congress 
 served as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pen- 
 sions. In July, 1861, he was a witness of the battle 
 of Bull Run, where he was captured and taken as a 
 prisoner of war to Richmond ; after a confinement of 
 more than five months he was exchanged in December, 
 1861, for the Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, the American 
 Minister to France, who had been imprisoned for dis- 
 loyalty. After his return home, Mr. Ely published a 
 book with this title, "Journal of Alfred Ely, a Prisoner 
 of War in Richmond," edited by the author of this 
 volume. 
 
 Ell/, John. — He was bom in Connecticut, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1839 to 1841, having previously served two years in 
 the Assembly of that State. 
 
 Ely, Hniith, 'Tr. — He was bom in New Jersey in 
 1835, his grandfather having served with honor in 
 the Revolution ; after receiving a good education, he 
 studied law and came to the bar in 1846, but did not 
 practice the profession ; devoted himself for many 
 years to mercantile pursuits ; in 1856 he was elected 
 a School Trustee ; in 1857 to the State Senate ; was 
 County Supervisor from 1806 to 1870 ; was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Forty-second 
 Congress, serving on various committees ; in 1873 he 
 was elected a Commissioner of Public Instruction, 
 and in 1874 he was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treas- 
 ury Department. 
 
 Elij, Williatn. — He graduated at Yale College 
 in 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from Mas- 
 sachusetts from 1805 to 1815, and died in 1817. 
 
 Embree, Elishrr. — Born in Lincoln County, 
 Kentucky, September 28, 1801, and removed vrith his 
 father in 1811, to the south-western portion of Indi- 
 ana Territory, where he long continued io reside. He 
 received a common-school education, after which he 
 studied and practiced law. In 1813 he was elected to 
 the State Senate of Indiana ; in 1835 was chosen by 
 the Legislature Circuit Judge, which office he held 
 for ten years. In 1847 he was elected Representative 
 in the Thirtieth Congress from Indiana, and after the 
 expiration of that term became engaged in agricultu- 
 ral pursuits. Died at Princeton, New Jersey, March 
 7, 1863. 
 
 Em erson, Philip U. — He was bora in Vermont, 
 removed to Michigan, and in 1873 was appointed one 
 of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court for 
 the Territory of Idaho. 
 
 Emery, George IV. — He was a citizen of Ten- 
 nessee, and in 1875 appointed Governor of Utah. 
 
 Emmanuel, David, — He was acting Governor 
 of Georgia in 1801. 
 
 Emmons, H. If. — Born in New York, and after 
 acquiring a good education at the common schools, he 
 became an assistant in his father's office, who was the 
 editor of a paper ; he studied law and was admitted to 
 the bar of that State, and soon afterwards settled in 
 Detroit, where his father had already located himself 
 as a lawyer, and with whom he became associated in 
 the practice of their profession about the year 1840. 
 In 1848 his father died ; he acquired distinction dur- 
 ing a period of commotion in Detroit by defending 
 
138 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tlie right of an American Protestant clergyman to 
 preach against Catholicism, Irish repeal, temperance, 
 or secret societies, or whatever he conscientiously be- 
 lieved to be injurious to the welfare — temporal or 
 eternal— of his fellow-citizens. In 1853 his health 
 became somewhat impaired by application to business, 
 and he partially retired from active professional life, 
 although his services were in frequent demand by the 
 railroad companies of the State, whose business he 
 had made a specialty. Early in 1870 he was appointed 
 Circuit Judge for the State of Michigan, but exercised 
 a much wider jui-isdiction. 
 
 Emory, William Helmi^ley, — Was bom in 
 
 Queen Anne County, Maryland, about the year 1812 ; 
 graduated at West Point in 1831 ; entered the Fourth 
 Artillery, and resigned in 1836 ; was appointed First 
 Lieutenant of Topographical Engineers in 1838 ; acted 
 as Aid-de-camp to General Kearney in California in 
 18-16 and 1847 ; was brevetted Captain for gallantry at 
 San Pasqual in 1846 ; and Major for gallantry at San 
 Gabriel and the Plains of Mesa, California, in 1847 ; 
 appointed Major of Third Dragoons in lft47, but de- 
 clined ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers during 
 the Mexican War ; Astronomer to the Commission to 
 Survey the Boundary between the United States and 
 Mexico in 1848 ; became Captain in 1851 ; was mem- 
 ber of the Commission from 1854 to 1857 ; Major of 
 Second Cavalry in 1855 ; transferred to First Cavalry 
 in same year. In 1861 he was serving in New Mexico, 
 but brought his command in good order to Kansas, 
 and was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Sixth Cav- 
 alry. He served in the Peninsular Campaign in the 
 Army of the Potomac ; became Brigadier-General of 
 Volunteers in 1863, and sailed from Fortress Monroe 
 in command of a Division of a Southern Expedition ; 
 commanded a Division of Banks' Army, at Port Hud- 
 son, Sabine Cross Roads, and Pleasant Hill ; and in 
 Sheridan's Campaign in the Shenandoah Valley com- 
 manded the Nineteenth Corps ; was brevetted Colonel 
 in 1863 for bravery at Hanover Court House ; Colonel 
 of Fifth Cavalry in 1863 ; Brevet-Brigadier and Major- 
 General United States Army in 1865, and was Major- 
 General of Volunteers the same year. Author of "A 
 Military Reconnaissance in Missouri and California ; " 
 " Notes of Travel in California," and " The Report of 
 the United States and Mexican Boundary Commis- 
 sion. " 
 
 Emotf, James, — Born in Albany, New York, in 
 1770 ; he did not receive a collegiate education, but 
 in 1800 Union College conferred on him the degree of 
 A.M. He was a distinguished member of the bar, 
 and under the old Constitution of New York, he, for 
 several years, filled the office of First Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas for his county, and in that 
 capacity gave that court a rank among the best of the 
 State. Under the Constitution of 1821 he was ap- 
 pointed Judge for the Second District, which station 
 he filled until he reached the age of sixty years, 
 which required him to retire. He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from his native State from 1809 to 
 1813, and died in Poughkeepsie, April 7, 1850. 
 
 Emvie, if. lieece. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 English, James E, — Was bom in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, in March, 1812 ; received a common- 
 school education ; was bred a carpenter and became 
 a master builder, and a dealer in lumber ; entered 
 into mercantile pursuits, and continued to do busi- 
 ness as a merchant until 1855, since which he has 
 been extensively engaged in several branches of man- 
 ufacture. In 1855 he was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture of Connecticut ; in 1856 was elected to the State 
 Senate, and declined a re-election ; was a candidate 
 
 for Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut in 1860, but 
 was not elected ; and was elected a Representative 
 from his native State to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; 
 and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on the Public Lands and Expendi- 
 tures in the State Department. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866 ; and was elected Governor of Connec- 
 ticut in 1867, 1868, and 1870. He subsequently trav- 
 eled extensively. In November, 1875, he was ap- 
 pointed a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of 0. S. Ferry. 
 
 English, William H. — -Born in Scott County, 
 Indiana, August 27, 1822. He received a good com- 
 mon-school education, and spent three years at the 
 University of South Hanover ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to practice in 1846, but when at home is 
 chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits ; in 1843 he 
 was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives of 
 Indiana ; during President Polk's administration he 
 was a Clerk in the Treasury Department ; he was the 
 Clerk of the State Constitutional Convention in 1850 ; 
 in 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 ofliciated as Speaker ; in 1852 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Indiana ; re-elected in 
 1854, and made a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion ; again elected in 1856, and during the first ses 
 sion of the Thirty-fifth Congress took part in the 
 Kansas Compromise measure, and officiated at the 
 same time as Chairman of the Committee on Post 
 Offices and Post Roads. He was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Commit- 
 tee. 
 
 Eppes, John W, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1811, and again 
 from 1813 to 1815 ; was a Senator in Congress from 
 1817 to 1819, when he resigned from ill-health. He 
 died near Richmond, Virginia, September, 1833, aged 
 fifty years. 
 
 Erdman, Jacob. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847. Died in Lehigh County, 
 July 30, 1867. 
 
 Efsliine, John. — He was born in Ireland, re- 
 sided at Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1866 was appointed 
 United States Judge for the District of Georgia. 
 
 Ervin, James. — Born in South Carolina, in Oc- 
 tober, 1778 ; graduated at Brown University in 1797 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1800 ; 
 served in the State Legislature in 1801 and 1802, and 
 from 1804 to 1816 ; was a Solicitor of the Northern 
 Circuit ; eight years a Trustee of the South Carolina 
 College ; a Representative in Congress from South 
 Carolina from 1817 to 1821, and died in 1841. 
 
 Erring, George W. — Bom in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, 1771 ; went with his father's family to Eng- 
 land in 1776 ; was educated at Oxford, England, and 
 returning to his native country, was made Consul to 
 London by Jefferson ; was Secretary of Legation to 
 Spain in 1804 ; Special Minister to Denmark in 1811 
 and Minister to Spain in 1814. Died in New York 
 July, 1850. 
 
 Erivin, David. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Michigan, and in 1832 he was appointed a Judge for 
 the Territory of Michigan. 
 
 Eslcridge, Thomas P. — He was an early emi- 
 grant to Arkansas ; a man of good education and 
 a lawyer ; and be was appointed United States Judge 
 for the Territory, serving in that capacity as late as 
 1831. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 139 
 
 Esi)y, James P. — Born in Washington County, 
 Pennsylvania, May 9, 1783 ; after some years' study 
 he publi.shed, in 18-11, " Philosophy of Storms." He 
 had previously communicated to the British Associa- 
 tion a paper on storms, and another on the " Four 
 Daily Fluctuations of the Barometer." In 1843 he 
 was employed by the War Department to prosecute 
 his investigations in the Washington Observatory, 
 and several quarto volumes of his reports were pub- 
 lished by the Government. He died at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, January 24, 1800. 
 
 Estil, Benjatnin. — He was born in Washington 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1825 to 1837. 
 
 Esty, Constatttine C. — He was bom in Fram- 
 ingham, Massachusetts, December 26, 1834 ; gradu- 
 ated at Yale College in 1845 ; admitted to the bar in 
 1847 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1857 and 
 1858 and of the House in 1807 ; was appointed Asses- 
 sor of Internal Revenue in 1863, and removed in 
 1866 ; re-appointed in 1867, and resigned in 1873 ; was 
 appointed a member of the State Board of Education 
 in 1871, and elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Et/ieri<Jf/e, Emerson.— He v/ashoin in Curri- 
 tuck, North Carolina, September 28, 1819 ; when thir- 
 teen years of age he removed to Tennessee, where he 
 received a common-school education, and having stud- 
 ied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 he 
 was elected to the State Legislature for two years, and 
 was at once nominated for Speaker, which he lost by 
 two votes ; and in 1853 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Tennessee to the Thirty-third Congress ; re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fourth, and also to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving during his last term as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Indian Affairs. On the 
 meeting of the Thirty-seventh Congress, he was elected 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives. He subse- 
 quently devoted much of his time to the study of 
 philosophy, as well as to the practice of his profes- 
 sion. 
 
 Eustis, George, — Was born in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 30, 1796 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1815 ; was Private Secretary to his 
 uncle, William Eustis, when Minister to the Hague ; 
 and there acquired great proficiency in civil law ; in 
 1817 removed to New Orleans, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1833 ; was several times a member of the 
 State Legislature ; was Secretary of State ; and in 
 1845 was a member of the Constitutional Convention ; 
 was a leading Commissioner of the Board of Cur- 
 rency ; was Attorney-General of Louisiana ; then 
 Judge, and subsequently Chief Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court of the State until 1852. Died in New 
 Orleans, December 28, 1858. His sou George was 
 in Congress. 
 
 Eustis, George, Jr. — He was bom in Louisi- 
 ana, and was educated at Harvard University ; prac- 
 ticed law in New Orleans, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 During the Rebellion he served as Private Secretary 
 to John M. Mason, when Confederate Commissioner to 
 France, and he died in Europe. His father, bearing 
 the same name, was an eminent judge in Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 Eustis, irHliani. — Was bom in Cambridge, 
 ISIassachusetts, June 10, 1753 ; after graduating at 
 Harvard College in 1783, he studied medicine with Dr. 
 Joseph Warren. At the beginning of the war he was 
 appointed Surgeon of a regiment, and afterwards 
 Hospital Surgeon. In 1777, and during most of 
 the war, he occupied, as a hospital, the spacious 
 
 house of Colonel Robinson, a royalist, opposite to 
 West Point ; Arnold had his headquarters in the 
 same house. At the termination of the war he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession in Boston. In 
 1800 he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts, serving until 1805. In 1809 
 he was appointed Secretary of War by President 
 Madison, and continued in oflice until 1813, when, on 
 account of the surrender of Hull, he resigned. In 
 1815 he was sent as Ambassador to Holland. After 
 his return, he was a Representative in Congress from 
 1820 to 1823. He was chosen Governor of Mas.'-achu- 
 setts in 1823, and died in Boston, after a short illness, 
 February 6, 1825. 
 
 Evans, Alexander. — He was born at Elkton, 
 Cecil County, Maryland, his ancestors having settled 
 in that county more than a hundred years ago. His 
 education was received at a village school imtil 
 fifteen years of age, and his first avocation was that 
 of a civil engineer. In 1842 he commenced the study 
 of law in his native town, and was admitted to the bar 
 iu 1845. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Maryland from 1847 to 1853, since which time he has 
 practiced his profession at Elkton. In 1842 he was 
 elected Corresponding Member of the National Insti- 
 tute at Washington, and in 1849 received the degree 
 of A.M. from Delaware College. In 1851 he was 
 elected a member of the American Association for the 
 Advancement of Science, and also a member of the 
 Historical Society of Baltimore. 
 
 Evans, David E. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Twentieth Congress, 
 but resigned, and P. L. Tracy was elected in his place. 
 
 Evans, David S. — Bom in Westmoreland, 
 England, February 20, 1769 ; and, having removed 
 to South Carolina, was educated at Mount Zion 
 College ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1796 ; 
 served in the State Legislature from 1800 to 1803 ; 
 from 1804 to 1811 was Solicitor for the Middle Dis- 
 trict of South Carolina ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815 ; in 1818 
 and 1822 was a member of the State Senate ; and was 
 for many years the President of a Bible Society, and 
 also of Mount Zion Society. Died March 8, 1843. 
 
 Evans, George, — Born in Hallowell, Maine, 
 January 13, 1797 ; graduated at Bowdoin College, 
 September 3, 1815 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives of Maine in 
 1829 ; a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841, 
 and United States Senator from Maine from 1841 to 
 1847. From 1849 to 1850 he was a Commissioner of 
 the Board of Claims against Mexico ; Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of Maine in 1853, 1854, and 18.50 ; and died in 
 Portland, April 6, 1807. During his service in the 
 Senate he served with ability as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Evans, James Lafayette, — Born in Harrison 
 County, Kentucky, in 1835 ; emigrated to Indiana in 
 1837, and settled in Hancock County ; received his 
 education from a private tutor ; began business as a 
 merchant, engaging also in farming. He was never 
 an applicant for any office, but was elected in 1874 a 
 Representative from Indiana in the Forty-fourth Con- 
 
 Evans, John. — He was a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress from Delaware, from 1776 to 1777. 
 
 Evans, Joshua. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1838. 
 
 Evans, Jostah J, — He was born in the District of 
 Marlborough, South Carolina, November 37, 1786 ; he 
 
140 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 was for a time a merchant's clerk, but graduated at 
 South Carolina College in 1808 ; taught school for one 
 year ; studied law, and rose to a high legal position ; 
 at an early age, in 1812, 1813, and 1816, he was sent 
 to the Legislature ; by that body made Solicitor for 
 the State from his District, which position he held 
 for thirteen years ; in 1830 he was chosen a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court, which office he held until 1852, 
 when he was elected to the United States Senate for 
 the term ending in 1859. He died May 6, 1858, of 
 disease of the heart, having, only an hour before 
 his death, partaken of the hospitalities at dinner 
 of his friend and colleague. Senator Hammond. He 
 was Chairman of the Committees on Revolutionary 
 Claims and on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, 
 and also a member of the Committees on Patents and 
 on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Evatis, Lemuel D. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was elected a Representative from Texas to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 JEl'Olls, Kaflian, — Bom in Belmont County, 
 Ohio, June 24, 1804 ; received a commSn-school edu- 
 cation, and studied law, being admitted to practice in 
 1831. He was Prosecuting Attorney for Guernsey 
 County for four years, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Oliio from 1847 to 1849, and now fol- 
 lows his profession in Cambridge, Ohio. 
 
 Ertins, Thomas.— Ke was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1801. 
 
 Evarts, Williani M. — He was bom in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, in February, 1818 ; and was the son 
 of Jeremiah Evarts, a lawyer and writer of some note, 
 and on his mother's side, grandson of Roger Sher- 
 man. He graduated at Yale College in 1837 ; studied 
 law at Cambridge, and came to the bar in New York 
 City in 1840, and attained a high position as a lawyer. 
 He was the leading counsel employed to defend Pres- 
 ident Johnson in his trial before the Senate ; was 
 Attorney-General of the United States from July, 
 1868, to March, 1869, when he resigned ; was one of 
 the three lawyers appointed to defend the interests of 
 the United States before the Tribunal of Arbitration 
 at Geneva, 1871, to settle the "Alabama Claims;" 
 and he was one of the counsel who defended Henry 
 Ward Beecher in 1875. In 1857 he received the de- 
 gree of Doctor of Laws from Union College ; and he 
 is the author of several legal productions. In No- 
 vember, 1875, he was invited by the Centennial Com- 
 mission to deliver the opening oration at the Exposi- 
 tion Id 1876, the kindred honor, for reciting a poem 
 on that occasion, having been conferred on Henry W. 
 Longfellow. 
 
 Eve, Josejth. — He was a citizen of Kentucky, 
 and in 1841 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Texas, 
 where he remained until 1843. 
 
 EveJeigh, Nicholas. — He was a Delegate from 
 South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1781 
 to 1783. 
 
 Erereff, AJexaniler Hifl.— Born March 19, 
 1790 ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1806 ; was 
 an usher in Phillips' Exeter Academy ; began to study 
 law in Boston in 1807 ; and was a member of the 
 literary club that founded the " Monthly Anthology." 
 In 1809 he accompanied J. Q. Adams "to St. Peters- 
 burg as attacht' to the Legation, of which he became 
 Secretary in 1815 ; visited England in 1811 ; and after 
 a trip to Paris, returned home in 1813, and wrote 
 some political essays in favor of the war, and against 
 the Hartford Convention. He became Charge d'Af- 
 faires at Brus.sels in 1818 ; from 1825 to 1820 was 
 Minister, and from 1845 till his death was Commis- 
 
 sioner to China. In 1840 he was sent on a confiden- 
 tial mission to Cuba. In 1839 was editor and prin- 
 cipal proprietor of the North American Beiyieto, to 
 which he had long been a contributor. He invited 
 Irving to Madrid, made him an attache to his Lega- 
 tion, and encouraged him in the preparation of his 
 Spanish histories. He also aided Mr. Prescott in 
 similar pursuits. From 1830 to 1835 was a member 
 of the State Legislature, taking an active part as a 
 Democratic politician. He was skilled in the lan- 
 guages and literature of Modern Europe, as well as 
 philosophy, diplomacy, and the law of nations, fle 
 published " Europe " in 1821,- "America" in 1837; 
 " New Views on Population," 1822 ; a volume of 
 Essays in 1843 ; also a small volume of poems, and 
 other minor publications. He received the degree of 
 LL.D. from the Universit)' of Vermont in 1836. Died 
 in Canton, China, June 29, 1847. 
 
 Everett, Edwavd. — Born in Dorchester, Mas- 
 sachusetts, April, 1794. He received his early educa- 
 tion at Boston, and entered Harvard College when 
 little more than thirteen years old, leaving it with 
 first honors four years later, undecided as to a pur- 
 suit for life. He turned his attention for two years 
 to the profession of divinity ; but in 1814 he was in- 
 vited to accept the new Professorship of Greek Liter- 
 ature at Cambridge, Massachusetts, with permission 
 to visit Europe. He accepted the office, and before 
 entering on its duties, embarked at Boston for Liver- 
 pool. He passed more than two years at the famous 
 Universitj' of Gottingen, engaged in the study of the 
 German language and the branches of learning con- 
 nected with his department. He passed the winter 
 of 1817-18 at Paris. The next spring he again 
 visited London, and passed a few weeks at Cambridge 
 and Oxford. In the autumn of 1818 he returned to 
 the continent, and divided the winter between Flor- 
 ence, Rome, and Naples. In the spring of 1819 he 
 made a short tour in Greece. He came home in 1819, 
 and entered at once upon the duties of his professor- 
 ship. Soon after his return he became the editor 
 of the North American Retiew, a journal which, 
 though supported by writers of great ability, had 
 acquired only a limited circulation. Under its new 
 editor the demand increased so rapidly that a second 
 and sometimes a third edition of its numbers was re- 
 quired. In 1824 he delivered the annual oration be- 
 fore the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society, at Cambridge, 
 Massachusetts. This was the first of a series of ora- 
 tions and addresses delivered by him on public occa- 
 sions of almost every kind during a quarter of a 
 century, and afterwards collected in several volumes. 
 Up to 1824 he had taken no active interest in poli- 
 tics, but the constituency of Middlesex, Massachu- 
 setts, without any solicitation on his part, returned 
 him to Congress. For ten years he sat in Congress, 
 and was a working member. In 1835 he retired from 
 Congress, and was for four successive years chosen 
 Governor of Massachusetts. In 1841 he was ap- 
 pointed to represent the United States at the Court of 
 St. James. Although the Secretaryship of State at 
 Washington was held by four different statesmen, of 
 various polities, during his mission, he enjoyed the 
 confidence and approbation of all. His scholarship 
 was recognized by the bestowal of the degree of 
 D.C.L. by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. 
 He returned to America in 1845, and was chosen 
 President of Harvard College, which office he resigned 
 in 1849. On the death of Mr. Webster he was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of State by President Fillmore, 
 which office he resigned for a seat in the Senate, 
 serving from March, 1853. to May, 1854. This posi- 
 tion he also resigned, after which time, although 
 leading the quiet life of a scholar, he greatly added 
 to his reputation by delivering orations on the Life of 
 Washington, and on other topics, all being for chari- 
 table pui'poses. He was the intimate friend of Daniel 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 141 
 
 Webster, and wrote the best Life extant of that dis- 
 Ij tinguished man, whose collected writings he edited. 
 'I In 1860 he was nominated by the Union party as their 
 I candidate for the office 'of Vice-President of the 
 
 United States, but was defeated. Died in Boston, 
 
 January 15, 1865. His last public position was that 
 
 of Presidential Elector in 1864. 
 
 [ Everett, Horace. — A native of Vermont, was 
 
 born in 1780 ; he was a lawyer by profession ; settled 
 ' in Windsor, and distinguished himself as one of the 
 
 most successful jury advocates in Vermont. He served 
 I in the State Legislature in 1819, 1830, 1833, 1823, 1824, 
 i and 1834 ; was State's Attorney for Windsor County 
 
 from 1813 to 1817, and was a prominent member of the 
 j State Constitutional Convention of 1838. He was a 
 I Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843, and 
 
 had the title conferred upon him of Doctor of Laws. 
 
 Died at Windsor, Vermont, January 30, 1851. 
 
 Everharft, JFifHam. — He wasborn in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1853 to 1855. The circumstance is 
 related of this gentleman, that it was his misfortune, 
 many years ago, to be wrecked on the coast of Ireland, 
 where he and five survivors of the ill-fated vessel 
 were treated with great kindness ; and that during 
 the famine in Ireland a few years ago, he loaded a 
 ship with provisions at his own expense, and sent her 
 to Ireland, by way of expressing his gratitude. 
 
 Eirbfiuli, Thomas. — Born at Barnard Castle, 
 Durham, England, March 11, 1793 ; at the age of 
 thirteen was apprenticed to a tin and copper smith ; 
 emigrated to New York in 1819, and commenced the 
 manufacture of metallic tubing there, but retired 
 from the business in 1836 to engage in literary and 
 scientific pursuits. He published, in 1840', "De- 
 scriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and 
 other Machines." In 1845 \nsited Brazil, and pub- 
 lished "Life in Brazil ;" was Commissioner of Pat- 
 ents from 1849 to 1853; published "The World a 
 Workshop" iu 1855; "Thoughts on Matter ami 
 Force" in 1858; "Reminiscences in the Patent Of- 
 fice" in 1859; contributed to the "Transactions of 
 the Franklin Institute," His "Experiments on Ma- 
 rine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in Propelling 
 Blades " was re-printed in Europe. He was a member 
 of the Commission to report upon the strengtji of the 
 marbles used in the Capitol Extension, and discovered 
 the method of greatly increasing the resisting power 
 of building-stones ; and was the founder of the Eth- 
 nological Society. Died in New York, September 10, 
 1870. 
 
 Eirivff, AtuJreiv. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 
 1851. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Eichiff, Charles. — Born in Burlington County, 
 New Jersey, July 8, 1780 ; graduated at the New 
 Jersey College in 1798 ; admitted to the bar in 1803, 
 and practiced law at Trenton ; became a Councilor 
 in 1813 ; and was Chief Justice of the State from 
 1834 to his death, which occurred at Trenton, New 
 Jersey, August 5, 1833. He received the degree of 
 LL.D. from Jefferson College. 
 
 Eirhif/, Edwin IT. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Re])resentative in Congress from Tennessee 
 from 1845 to 1847. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Ewhifi, Hugh. — He was a citizen of Kansas, 
 and in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident to the 
 Netherlands, returning to the United States in 1870. 
 
 Eiriiig, tToJtu. — He was born at sea, while his 
 parents were on their way from Ireland to Baltimore. 
 
 He was bred to mercantile pursuits, but acquired a 
 taste for literature. He served in both branches of 
 the Legislature of Indiana, and was a Representative 
 of that State in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and again 
 from 1837 to 1839. He died suddenly and alone, at 
 Vincennes, in the winter of 1857, leaving on his table 
 these lines : — 
 
 " Here lies a man who loved bis tricDds, 
 His God, his country, and Vincennes." 
 
 Eiving, ,Tohn IT. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Eivhifj, PresJey. — Born in Kentucky, and was a 
 Representative from that State to the Thirty-third 
 Congress ; he died at the Mammoth Cave, September 
 37, 1854. He was considered one of the most promis- 
 ing young men of the State. He had been liberally 
 educated, and before entering Congress had tmce 
 served in the Legislature of Kentucky, and had also 
 traveled extensively in Europe. 
 
 Ewinfi, Thomas. — He was born near West Lib- 
 erty, Ohio County, Virginia, December 28, 1789 ; he 
 received his early education chiefly from an elder 
 sister, and with his father's family settled in the 
 wilds of Ohio, about 1793, where he enjoyed the ad- 
 vantages of a winter school and an academy ; his life, 
 during his youth and early manhood, was one of con- 
 tinuous toil ; in 1814 he was a school-teacher ; in 1815 
 he received the degree of A.B. from the Athens Acad- 
 emy, the first ever granted in Ohio ; and he studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1816, practicing 
 with success in the courts of Ohio and the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. In 1830 he was elected 
 to a seat in the United States Senate from Ohio, 
 where he remained until 1837 ; he was a member of 
 President Harrison's Cabinet as Secretary of the 
 Treasury in 1841 ; on the accession of Presidei;.t 
 Taylor to the Presidency, in 1849, he was invited 
 into the Cabinet, and took charge of the new Depart- 
 ment of the Interior ; and in 1850 he was appointed 
 to a seat in the United States Senate, where he re- 
 mained until 1851, when he retired from political 
 life, and resumed the practice of his profession iu 
 Ohio. He was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" 
 of 1861 ; and also chosen a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia "National Union Convention" in 1866, but 
 did not take part in its proceedings. He left two 
 sons, who have been distinguished in public affairs. 
 Died in Lancaster, Ohio, October 26, 1871. 
 
 Eu'ittg, Thomas, Jr. — Born in Lancaster, Ohio 
 
 August 7, 1829 ; educated at Brown University and 
 at the Cincinnati Law School ; was appointed the Pri- 
 vate Secretary of President Taylor in 1849 ; removed 
 to Kansas in 1856 ; was appointed Chief Justice of 
 the United States Court for that Territory ; .was a 
 member of the Constitutional Convention of the new 
 State ; in 1862 he entered the Union Army as a Colo- 
 nel, and after participating in several campaigns and 
 Ijattles was promoted to the rank of Major-General 
 in 1804. After the Rebellion he settled in Washing- 
 ton, where he practiced the legal profession. 
 
 Eu'ing, WiUiam L. D. — He was a Senator in 
 Congress by appointment from Illinois, from 1836 to 
 1837. Died March 25, 1846, aged fifty-one years, 
 while holding the office of State Auditor. 
 
 Eijster, C. S. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was appointed from that State an Associate Jus- 
 tice of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Colorado, residing in Denver. 
 
 Fair, Elisha Y. — He was a citizen of Alabama 
 
142 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 and in 1858 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Belgium, remaining in tliat position until 1861. 
 
 Fairbanks, Erastus.— Born at Brimfield, Mas- 
 Bachusetts, October 28, 1792 ; had a common-school 
 education ; taught school in St. Johnsbnr.v, Vermont ; 
 
 gaged in business, and in 182.5 formed a partner- 
 
 ship with his younger brotlier for the manufacture of 
 platform scales. The enterprise proved successful, 
 and gained a world-wide reputation. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature from 1836 to 1838 ; President 
 of the Passumpsic and Connecticut River Railroad 
 Company in 1849 ; Governor of Vermont in 1852 and 
 1853, and again in 1860 and 1861. Died at St Johns- 
 bury, November 20, 186-1. 
 
 Fairchild, Lucins.— Born at Franklin Mills 
 Portage County, Ohio, December 27, 1831 ; was ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Second Iowa Infantry 
 in June, 1861 ; Captain Sixteenth United States In- 
 fantry,^ August, 1861 ; commanded an Iowa regiment 
 in McClellan's and Pope's campaigns, and was made 
 Brigadier-General of Volunteers in iAugust, 1862 • 
 Secretary of State of Wisconsin in 1864 and 1865, and 
 Governor in 1866 and 1867. 
 
 Fairfield, John — Born in Saco, Maine, Jan- 
 uary 30, 1797. He received a common school educa- 
 tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1836. In 1833 he was appointed Reporter of the De- 
 cisions of the Supreme Court; from 1835 to 1839 he 
 was a Representative in Congress from Maine; he 
 was Governor of the State during the years 1839 
 1840, 1843, and 1843 ; and he was elected a Senator 
 in Congress, in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and in 1845 
 was re-elected for a term of six years ; but he died at 
 Washington, December 24, 1847, after a surgical op- 
 eration for the relief of a local complaint. 
 
 Faran, James tT.— He was born in Ohio, re- 
 siding at Cincinnati, and was a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirtieth Congress. He subsequently be- 
 came one of the proprietors of the Cincinnati Inquirer. 
 
 Farlee, Isaac G.—Re was born in New Jersey 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Farley, E. Wilder.— Re was born in Maine, in 
 1818 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1836 ; studied 
 law, and was in the State Legislature in 1845, and 
 from 1851 to 1853 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maine from 1853 to 1855. He also served 
 in the State Senate in 1856. 
 
 Farlin, Dudlei/.—Re was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837 and 
 died at Warrensburg, New York, September 26, 1837. 
 
 Farnsworth, John f'.— Was horn in the town- 
 ship of Eaton, Lower Canada, March 27, 1830- is a 
 lawyer by professioji, and was a Representati've to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress from Illinois, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. In 
 1861 he took part in the war as Colonel of Volunteers 
 He rai.sed and took into the field the Eighth Regi- 
 ment of Illinois Cavalrv, serving in the Army of the 
 Potomac until 1863 ; and in 1863 and 1804 he raised 
 the Seventeenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers by 
 order of the War Department. He was brevetted a 
 Brigadier-General in 1862. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appro- 
 priations, and as a Regent of the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution ; and on the Committees on the South Carolina 
 Murders, and Reconstruction. He was a Delegate to I 
 
 the Pittsburg " Soldiers' Convention " of 1866- and 
 was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 tlie Committees on Reconstruction and the Post Office 
 Re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses, servinff 
 as Chairman of the Post-Office Committee. 
 
 Farqtihar, John Jf,— He wa.s born in Fred- 
 erick County, Maryland, December 20, 1818 ■ removed 
 iaQill'^"ioV';''^' '"' f'itl"^'-'s family in 1833 ; from 
 1837 to 1840 he served his adopted State as a Civil 
 iiUgineer ; studied law and practiced the profession • 
 in 1842 and 1843 he was Secretary of the Indiana 
 Senate ; was Chief Clerk of the State House of Rep- 
 resentatives in 1844 ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1860, and in 1861 he was commissioned a Captain in 
 the Nineteenth United States Infantry, in which 
 capacity he served until 1864, when he resigned and 
 was elected a Representative from Indiana to' the 
 Ihirty-niiitli Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Post Office and Post Roads, and on the Militia. 
 
 Farrelly, John TT.— He was the son of Pat- 
 rick, named below, and was born in Meadville Penn- 
 sylvania, in July, 1809 ; was a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1828 ; a State Senator from 1838 to 
 1841 ; a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 184/ to 1849 ; and Sixth Auditor of the Treas- 
 ury, from 1849 to 1853. He was a man of marked 
 character. Died in Washingron. 
 
 Farrelly, Patricli.—Bom in Ireland in 1760 • 
 was a lawyer by profession, and was a Representa- ■ 
 l^^^n »°^*-"»gress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 
 1826. Died January 12, 1826, at Meadville, Penn 
 before the expiration ofhis term in Congress. ' 
 
 Farrington, James.— Ue was born in New 
 Hampshire in 1791, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839 He 
 was also a member of the State Legislature in 1830 
 1832, and 1833. Died at Rochester, New York Octo- 
 ber 29, 1859. ' 
 
 Farroiv, Samuel — Born in Virginia in 1760 ■ 
 served in the Revolutionary War, and was wound- 
 ed ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1793 ; was elected to Congress from South Carolina 
 as a Representative for the terms from 1813 to 1817 
 but resigned in 1816 ; served in the State Legislature 
 from 1817 to 1831 ; and died at Columbia, November 
 18, 1834. 
 
 Farwell, Charles B.—Re was bom in Painted 
 Post, New York, July 1, 1823 ; educated at Elmira 
 Academy ; removed to Illinois in 1838 ; was employed 
 in surveying and farming until 1844, when he engaged 
 in business in Chicago ; was elected County Clerk in 
 18o3, and re-elected in 1857 ; subsequently engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits ; was appointed a member of 
 the State Board of Equalization in 1867 ; Chairman 
 of Board of Supervisors in 1868 ; was appointed Na- 
 tional-Bank Examiner in 18G9 ; elected to the Forty- 
 second and two following Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Banking and Currency, and Chairman 
 of that on Manufactures. 
 
 Farwell, Nathan A.— Re was born in the town 
 of Unity, Maine, in 1812, and received a public-school 
 education ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1860, 1863, and 1864; was a member of the State 
 Senate in 1853, 1854, 1861, and 1862, presiding as 
 President of that body during the latter year ; was 
 also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1864 • 
 and in October of that year he was appointed and 
 soon afterwards elected, a Senator in Congress from 
 Maine, for the unexpired term of William P. Fessen- 
 den, who had resigned, taking his seat during the 
 second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress He 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 143 
 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Faulk, Ailflrew J. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was appointed Governor of the Territory 
 of Dakota in 1866, residing at Yankton, and remain- 
 ing in office until 1869. 
 
 Fau/kner, Charles J. — Bom in Berkeley 
 County, Virginia, about the year 1806. He received 
 a collegiate education ; came to the bar in 1829 ; was, 
 in 183'3 and 18.33, elected to the House of Delegates ; 
 Boon afterwards appointed a Commissioner to report 
 upon the boundary between Virginia and Maryland ; 
 in 1841 was elected to the Senate of Virginia, and in 
 1848 was again elected to the House of Delegates ; in 
 1850 was a member of the Convention formed to re- 
 vise the Constitution of the State ; and having, in 
 1851, been elected a Representative in Congress, was 
 re-elected to each successive Congress, and was, dur- 
 ing the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, a 
 member of the Committee to inquire into the Sale of 
 the Fort Snelling Reservation ; also serving on the 
 Committee on Military Affairs, and in a subsequent 
 Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Military 
 Affairs. In January, 1860, he was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Buchanan Minister to France. He returned to 
 America in 1861, and whilst in Washington, closing 
 his affairs, was arrested and held as a hostage for the 
 return of H. S. Magraw, of Pennsylvania, then a 
 prisoner in Richmond. He was released from Fort 
 Warren in December, and exchanged for Alfred Ely, 
 a member of Congress. In the Civil War he acted as 
 Chief of Staff for General Stonewall Jackson, and 
 wrote all his reports and dispatches. In 1873 he was 
 a member of the Convention to frame a Constitution 
 for West Virginia. Re-elected to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Faxon, William. — Born in Hartford, Connec- 
 ticut, April 17, 1823 ; brought up as a printer in the 
 office of the Hartford Courant, of which paper he 
 subsequently became one of the editors and pro- 
 prietors ; in 1856 he established the Hartford Press, 
 the first Republican paper in Connecticut, and was 
 Chief Clerk of the Navy Department from 1861 to 
 1866, and Assistant Secretary from 1866 to 1869, 
 when he retired to the city of his birth, and is still 
 residing there. 
 
 Fay, Francis JB. — He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 
 1843 and 1845 ; Mayor of Chelsea in 1857 ; and a Re- 
 presentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1853 to 1853. 
 
 Fay, 'John. — He was bora in Worcester County, 
 Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1819 to 1831. 
 
 Fay, .Tonas. — Born at Hard wick, Massachusetts, 
 January 17, 1737 ; received a good education, and be- 
 came clerk of a Massachusetts Company at Fort Ed- 
 ward in 1756 ; removed to Bennington in 1766 ; was 
 agent of the settlers on the New Hampshire Grants 
 in 1773, to confer with Governor Tryon of New York 
 during the contest with that State and Great Britain 
 in the organization of the State Government, and was 
 Clerk to the Convention of 1774 ; was Surgeon at the 
 capture of Ticonderoga ; was a member of the Con- 
 vention of 1777, which declared Vermont a State, and 
 was author of the Declaration submitted to Congress ; 
 was Secretary of the State Constitutional Convention 
 of that year, and a member of the Council of Safety ; 
 member of the State Council from 1778 to 1785 ; 
 Judge of the Supreme Court in 1783 ; Judge of Pro- 
 bate from 1773 to 1787 ; Agent of the State to Con- 
 gress in 1777, 1779, 1781, and 1783. He published a 
 
 pamphlet with Ethan Allen in 1780, on the New 
 Hampshire and New York Controversy. Died at 
 Bennington, Vermont, March 6, 1818. 
 
 Fay, Theodore Sedgtvick. — Born in New 
 York, February 10, 1807 ; was admitted to the bar in 
 1828 ; he preferred a literary life, and became editor 
 of the New York Mirror. In 1833 he published 
 "Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man;" in 1833 
 went to Europe, and spent three years there, and 
 wrote the "Minute Book," a journal" of travels. His 
 first novel, " Norman Leslie," was published in 1835. 
 He was United States Secretary of Legation at Berlin 
 from 1837 to 1853 ; Resident Minister at Berne, Swit- 
 zerland, from 1853 to 1860. His other publications 
 were : " The Countess Ida," in 1840 ; "Hoboken," in 
 1843 ; " Ulric, or the Voices," a poem, in 1851 ; " Sid- 
 ney Clifton," in 1839; "Robert Rueful," in 1844; 
 " Views of Christianity," in 1856 ; a series of papers 
 on Shakespeare, and a variety of fugitive pieces in 
 prose and verse, and a "History of Switzerland." 
 
 Fearing, Paul. — Born in Wareham, Massachu- 
 setts, February 28, 1763 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1785 ; studied law, and emigrated to Ohio, 
 where he became distinguished in his profession. He 
 settled in Marietta in 1788, after performing the 
 journey from Baltimore over the mountains on foot. 
 Soon after his arrival he was appointed United States 
 Attorney for Washington County in that Territory. 
 In 1797 he was appointed Judge of Probate for his 
 county ; was a member of the first Legislative Coun- 
 cil of Ohio in 1799 ; and in 1801 was chosen a Dele- 
 gate to Congress, serving until 1803. In 1814 he was 
 appointed Master Commissioner in Chancery, and 
 from 1810 to 1817 was Judge in one of the State 
 Courts. In 1808 he engaged extensively in the rais- 
 ing of Merino sheep, producing the best description 
 of wool, and stimulating others to unite in the busi- 
 ness. He died August 21, 1833. 
 
 Featherston, W. S. — He was born in Tennes- 
 see, and on taking up his residence in Mississippi, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 
 1851. Took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Briga- 
 dier-General. 
 
 Felch, Alpheus, — Born in Limerick, York 
 County, Maine, September 38, 1806. He graduated at 
 Bowdoin College, and adopted the law as a profession. 
 He emigrated to Michigan when quite young ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837; 
 was appointed Bank Commissioner of Michigan in 
 1838, and resigned in 1839 ; for a short time in 1849 
 was Auditor-General of the State, but relinquished 
 that position for a seat on the Bench of the Supreme 
 Court of Michigan ; in 1845 he was elected Governor 
 of Michigan, and having resigned in 1847, was elected 
 a Senator in Congress for six years. He was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce one of the Commission- 
 ers to settle Land Claims in California, under ihe 
 Act of Congress, and tlie Treaty of Guadalupe Hidal- 
 go, in March, 1853 ; the business of which commission 
 was closed by disposing of all the cases before it in 
 March, 18.56, since which time he has lived in retire- 
 ment. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Con- 
 vention " of 1864. 
 
 Felder, John M. — Born in Orangeburg District, 
 South Carolina, July 7, 1783 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1808; was a member of the State Assembly in 
 1813, and subsequently of the Senate ; was a Trustee 
 of South Carolina College ; served as a Major of 
 Militia ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 South Carolina from 1831 to 1835. Died at Union 
 Point, September 1, 1851. 
 
144 
 
 BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Fell, John, — He was a Delegate from New Jer- 
 sey to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. 
 
 Fenner, Arthur, — Bom in Providence, Rhode 
 Island, in 1745 ; his ancestors were among the earliest 
 inhabitants of Providence ; he was Clerk of the Su- 
 perior Court of the State ; was chosen Governor in 
 1789, and served till his death, which occurred in 
 .Providence, October 15, 1805. 
 
 Fenner, ,Tanies. — Born in Providence, Rhode 
 Island, in 1771 ; graduated at Brown University in 
 1789, from which institution he received the degree of 
 LL.D. He was for more than half a century actively 
 connected -vvith the public afEairs of his native State ; 
 was United States Senator from 1805 to 1807, when 
 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, which 
 oiBce he held for four years ; was re-elected in 1824, 
 and served seven years, and was again elected in 
 1844 ; was a Presid"ential Elector in 1821, 1827, and 
 1837 ; and was President of the Convention that 
 formed the State Constitution in 1842. He died in 
 Providence, April 17, 1846. < 
 
 Fenton, Heuhen E, — Born in Carroll, Chautau- 
 qua County, New York, July 1, 1819 ; was educated 
 at Pleasant Hill and Fredonia Academies, and adopted 
 the profession of law, but pursued the mercantile 
 business. In 1843 he was elected Supervisor of the 
 town of Carroll. He was elected a Representative in 
 the Thirty-third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, from 
 New York, serving on the Committee on Private Land 
 Claims ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ; 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, ser^ng as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on tlie Committee 
 on Ways and Means, which position he resigned to 
 accept the Governorship of New York for 1865 and 
 1866, to which he had been elected. Ke-elected to 
 the same position ; and in 1869 he was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress for the term ending in 1875, serving on 
 the Committees on Finance and the Pacific Railway. 
 
 Ferguson, Fenner, — Bom in Rensselaer Coun- 
 ty, New York, April 25, 1814. His education was 
 academic, and he is a laivyer by profession ; he was 
 Master in Chancery in Albany, New York, in 1844 ; 
 also Master in Chancery in Michigan ; a member of 
 the Michigan Legislature, and Prosecuting Attorney. 
 June 29, 1854, he was appointed by President Pierce 
 Chief Justice of the Territory of Nebraska, which 
 office he resigned, after being elected a Delegate to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress from that Territory. Died 
 at Bellevue, Nebraska Territory, in November, 1859. 
 
 Ferris, Charles G, — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Ferriss, Orange. — He was born at Glenn's Falls, 
 Warren County, New York, November 26, 1814 ; grad- 
 uated at the University of Vermont in 1836 ; studied 
 law and came to the bar in 1840. In 1841 he was ap- 
 pointed Surrogate of his county for four years ; in 
 1851 he was elected, under the new Constitution, Judge 
 of Warren County, and twice re-elected, holding the 
 office twelve years in all. Towards the close of the 
 Rebellion he was appointed Provost-Marshal for his 
 district, but declined, and in 1866 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws, 
 Mines and Mining, and Weights and Measures. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-fir.st Congress and made Chairman 
 of the Committee on Mines and Mining ; and was sub- 
 sequently appointed on a Commission to adjudicate 
 Southern claims. 
 
 Ferry, Orris S, — Born in Bethel, Connecticut, 
 August 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale College in 1844 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. lu 
 1847 he received the appointment of Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel of the First Division Connecticut Militia ; in 1849 
 was appointed Judge of Probate for the District of 
 Norwalk ; elected to the State Senate in 1855 and 
 1856 ; in 1856 he was appointed State's Attorney for 
 the County of Fairfield, which position he continued 
 to occupy until 1859, when he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative 10 the Thirty-sixth Congress from Connecti- 
 cut, serving as a member of the Committee on Revo- 
 lutionary Claims, and the Special Committee of Thir- 
 ty-three on the Rebellious States. He served with 
 distinction as a Colonel and Brigadier-General in the 
 war for the Union, and in 1866 he was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress for the term commencing March, 1867, 
 and ending in 1873. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 and 
 to the "Soldier.?' Convention," held at Pittsburg. 
 The Committees upon which he served were those on 
 Private Land Claims, Patents and the Patent Office, 
 Public Buildings and Grounds, and Territories. Was 
 re-elected in 1872 for six years, for a second full term ; 
 and was Chairman of Committee on Patents. He died 
 inSesth Norwalk, Connecticut, November 21, 1875. 
 
 Ferry, Thomas Jf'.— He was born in Mackinac, 
 Michigan, June 1, 1827 ; was self-educated ; has ever 
 been occupied in business afEairs. In 1850 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; to the State Senate 
 in 1856 ; for eight years he was an active member of 
 the Republican State Committee ; was a Delegate at 
 large to the " Chicago Convention" of 1860, and a 
 Vice-President ; was appointed in 1863 Commissioner 
 for Michigan of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at 
 Gettysburg ; and in 1864 was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Slichigan to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post 
 Roads, the Militia, and the War Debts of Loyal 
 States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first and 
 Forty-second Congresses, but did not take his seat in 
 the latter, as he was chosen a Senator in Congress for 
 the term ending in 1877, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Rules, and on those on Finance and 
 Post Office ; and during the second session of the For- 
 ty-third Congress, was President of the Senate pro 
 tern. 
 
 Fesscnden, Samuel C — Was horn in New 
 Gloucester, Maine, March 7, 1815 ; graduated at Bow- 
 doin College in 1834, and completed his education at 
 the Bangor Theological Seminary in 1837 ; in 1838 he 
 was ordained and installed as Pastor of the Second 
 Congregational Church in Thomaston, now Rockland, 
 and dismissed, at his own request, in 1856 ; during 
 that year he established the Maine Evangelist; in 
 1858 he entered upon the practice of law ; soon after 
 taking that step he was elected Judge of the Munici- 
 pal Court of Rockland ; and he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committees on the 
 District of Columbia, Government Employt's, and Un- 
 finished Business. In 1865 he was appointed a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Examiners of the Patent Office. 
 
 Fessenden, T, A, D, — Was horn in Portland, 
 Maine, January 23, 1826 ; graduated at Bowdoiu Col- 
 lege in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a 
 member of the Convention that nominated General 
 Fremont for President ; in 1858 was appointed Aid- 
 de-camp to the Governor of Maine ; in 1860 was 
 elected to the Maine Legislature ; and in 1861 was 
 chosen Attorney for the County of Androscoggin, 
 which position he held untU 1803, when he was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 145 
 
 elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of 0. W. 
 Walton, resigned, serving on the Committee on Pri- 
 vate Land Claims. Died in Lewiston, Maine, Septem- 
 ber 38, 1868. 
 
 Fessenden, Wil/iam Pitt. — Born at Boscaw- 
 en. New Hampshire, October 16, 1806 ; graduated at 
 Bowdoin College in 1823 ; studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in Portland in 1827, where he has 
 continued the practice to the present time ; was a 
 member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, and re- 
 elected in 1840 ; was a Keijresentative in Congress 
 from 1841 to 1843, declining further service ; was 
 again in the State Legislature in 184.5 and 1846, and 
 re-elected in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress for six years, from March, 18.'53, serv- 
 ing as a member of the Committee on Finance ; and 
 in 1859 was re-elected for the temi of six years, serv- 
 ing as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, on the 
 Library Committee, and also as a Regent of the 
 Smithsonian Institution. He was a member in 1832 
 of the Convention which nominated Henry Clay for 
 President, and also of the Conventions that nominated 
 Generals Taylor and Scott. During the summer of 
 1858, the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by 
 Bowdoin College, of which institution he is a Trustee. 
 He was also a member of the " Peace Congress " of 
 1861. In September, 1864, he was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Lincoln Secretary of the Treasury in the place 
 of S. P. Chase, resigned ; and soon afterwards re- 
 ceived from Harvard University the degree of LL.D. 
 In 1864 he was re-elected a Senator in Congress for 
 the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. He 
 resigned his position in the Cabinet, and again took 
 his seat in the Senate, March 4, 1865, and was again 
 placed at the head of the Committee on Finance. At 
 the succeeding session of Congress he was made 
 Chairman of the Special Joint Committee on Recon- 
 struction, so called, and was the author of the Report 
 of that Committee, recommending an Amendment to 
 the Constitution. He was also a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Relations, and again of that on the 
 Library, and was made Chairman of the Committee on 
 Public Buildings and Grounds. Died at Portland, 
 September 8, 1869. 
 
 Few, William. — Bom in Maryland, June 8, 1748. 
 When he was ten years of age he removed with his 
 father to North Carolina, where he received a good 
 education. He was a Colonel in the Revolutionary 
 Army, and distinguished himself in several actions 
 with the British and Indians. He settled in Georgia 
 in 1776, and in 1778 was Surveyor-General of the 
 State, and Presiding Judge of the Richmond County 
 Court ; in 1780 he was sent as Delegate to Congress, 
 and remained in that body until the peace ; and was 
 again appointed in 1786 ; and in the next year he as- 
 sisted in forming the National Constitution, which he 
 duly signed ; after the adoption of which he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1789 to 
 1793 ; in 1796 he was a member of the Convention 
 which framed the Constitution of the State of Geor- 
 gia, and subsequently served three years upon the 
 Bench, as well as in the Legislature of that State. 
 He resided during his latter years in the City of New 
 York, of which he was Mayor, and whence he went to 
 the Legislature of that State, and where he also held 
 the office of Commissioner of Loans. He died at Fish- 
 kill. New York, July 16, 1828. 
 
 Firliliii, Orlando S. — A native of Kentucky, 
 and born in 1808 ; he received a plain English edu- 
 cation : studied law, and graduated at the Transyl- 
 vania Law School, commencing to practice in 1830, in 
 Mount Cai-mel, Illinois. In 1834 he was a member 
 of the Legislature, and was Attorney for the Wabash 
 Circuit in 1835. In 1838 and in 1842 was again 
 
 elected to the Legislature ; and in 1843 was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Illinois, serving six 
 consecutive years, and was re-elected in 1850. In 
 1853 he was Colonel of Militia ; .since which time he 
 has been engaged in the practice of his profession 
 and in agricultural pursuits. In 1856 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector. 
 
 Field, Maim sell li. — He was horn in New 
 York ; was a man of culture and an author of some 
 reputation ; appointed Second Assistant Secretary of 
 the Treasury in 1864 ; and died in New York before 
 the close of that year. 
 
 Field, Moses W. — He was born in Watertown, 
 Jefferson County, New York, February 10, 1828 ; re- 
 ceived a good education ; worked on a farm ; removed 
 to Michigan, and was a merchant in Detroit for 
 twenty-five years ; was elected Aldemian, and served 
 two terms ; was Chairman of the Board of School 
 Inspectors ; and was elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Education and 
 Labor and Manufactures. In 1875 he presented to the 
 City of Detroit a lot of forty acres of land for a pub- 
 lic park. 
 
 Field, Richard S. — He was born in New Jersey, 
 and held a seat in the United States Senate from that 
 State, for a few months, in 1802 and 1863, by appoint- 
 ment, in place of J. R. Thompson, deceased, when he 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court of the United States of New Jereey. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadel])hia " Loyalists^ 
 Convention " of 1866. Died at Princeton, New Jer- 
 sey, May 25, 1870. 
 
 Field, Stephen J, — He was born in Haddam, 
 Connecticut, November 4, 1816, and his father was 
 David Dudley Field ; while yet a youth he traveled iu 
 Europe and tlif East ; graduated at Williams College 
 in 1837 ; studied law in New York City with his 
 brother, David Dudley, with whom he formed a law 
 partnership ; in 1848 he made a second visit to Europe ; 
 towards the close of 1849 he went to California ; in 
 January, 1850, he was elected First Alcalde of the 
 city of Marysville, and continued the practice of his 
 profession ; in October of the same year he was 
 elected to the Legislature, where he took a leading 
 part in molding the Judiciary of the State ; in 1857 
 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Cali- 
 fornia for six years, and was elevated to the position 
 of Chief Justice ; and in 1863 lie was appointed by 
 President Lincoln a Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States. In the discharge of liis official 
 duties, he is obliged to travel annually over thirteen 
 thousand miles. He is a brother of Cyrus W. Field, 
 the distinguished projector of the Atlantic Tele- 
 graph. 
 
 Field, Walbridffe A, — He was bom in Massa- 
 chusetts ; liberally educated ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; and in 1869 was appointed Assistant Attor- 
 ney-General of the United States, serving in that 
 position until 1871. 
 
 Fields, Tf'illiam C, — He was bom in the City 
 of New York, February 13, 1804; received a common- 
 school education ; adopted the business of a merchant 
 and a manufacturer ; was for three years Clerk of 
 Otsego County, sixteen years a Justice of the Peace in 
 the Town of Laurens and subsequently Supervisor of 
 the town ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Agriculture and Accounts. 
 
 Fillmore, 3Iillard. — Born January 7, 1800, at 
 Summer Hill,Cayuga County, in the State of NewYork. 
 At an early age he was sent to Livingston County, at 
 
140 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 that time a wild region, to learn tlie clothier's trade, and 
 about four months later he was apprenticed to a wool- 
 carder in the town in which his father lived. During 
 the four years that he worked at his trade he did what 
 he could to supply the defects of his early education. 
 At the age of nineteen he commenced the study of law, 
 and devoted a portion of his time to teaching school. 
 In 1821 he removed to Erie County, and pursued his 
 legal studies in the city of Buffalo. Two years later 
 he was admitted to the Common Pleas, and commenced 
 the practice of the law at Aurora, in the same county. 
 In 1837 he was admitted as an Attorney, and in 1829 as 
 a Counselor in the Supreme Court, and in the follow- 
 ing year he removed to Buffalo. His political life 
 commenced with his election to the State Assembly, 
 in which he took his seat in 1829. In 1833 he was 
 elected to Congress, and took his seat in the following 
 year. In 1835, at the close of his term in office, he 
 resumed the practice of the law, but was re-elected 
 to Congress in 1837. During this term he took a 
 more prominent part in the business of the House 
 than during his former term, and was assigned a place 
 on the Committee on Elections. He ™s successively 
 re-elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh 
 Congresses. At the close of the first session of the 
 Twenty-seventh Congress he declined a re-election, 
 returned to Buffalo, and again devoted himself to his 
 profession. In 1847 he was elected to the office of 
 Comptroller of the State. In 1848 he was nominated 
 by tlie Whigs as their candidate for Vice-President, 
 and elected to that office in the autumn of the same 
 year. In March, 1849, he resigned his office of Comp- 
 troller, to assume the duties of his new position, 
 where he remained until th.e death of President Tay- 
 lor in July, 1850, by which he was elevated to the 
 Presidential chair. His terra of office expired March 
 4, 1852. After his retirement from public life he vis- 
 ited Europe. In 1869 he presided as President of the 
 Commercial Convention, at Louisville, Kentucky. 
 Died at Buffalo, March 8, 1873. 
 
 Fine}), Ifiaac. — He was a native of New York ; 
 a member of the Assembly of that State in 1822 and 
 1834 ; and a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 FiiKUajf, Jainen. — Bom in Franklin County, 
 Pennsylvania, about 1775 ; emigrated to Cincinnati in 
 1793 ; was one of the Legislative Council of the Ter- 
 ritory in 1798 ; a prominent democratic leader ; often 
 a member of the Legislature ; and was Receiver of 
 Public Moneys in Cincinnati District from the first 
 establishment of Land Offices until 1824 ; was Colonel 
 of the Second Ohio Volunteers in 1813, serving under 
 General Hull at Detroit ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1825 to 1833 ; and candidate for Gov- 
 ernor in 1834. Died at Cincinnati, December 38, 1835. 
 
 Finflfrti/, •Johil.—He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1837. He 
 was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was 
 a brother of James and William Findlay, who were 
 also in Congress. 
 
 Findlny, WilJiam. — He was born in Franklin 
 County. Pennsylvania ; was Governor of Pennsylvania 
 from 1817 to 1820; and a Senator in Congress from 
 that State from 1831 to 1837. Died November 14, 
 1846, aged seventy-eight years. 
 
 Fintllay, Wifliam. — He came in early life from 
 Ireland. In the Revolution he engaged with zeal in 
 the cause of his adopted country, and at the close of 
 the war he removed to Pennsylvania ; he was a 
 member of the Convention which framed the new 
 Constitution of Pennsylvania, and a member of Con- 
 gress from that State ifrom 1791 to 1799, and from 
 '1803 to 1817. In his politics he opposed the adminis- 
 
 tration of Mr. Adams, and supported Mr. Jefferson. 
 He published a " Review of the Funding System " in 
 1794, and a " History of the Insurrection of the Four 
 Western Counties of Pennsylvania," in 1796. He 
 died at Unity Township, Greensburg, April 5, 1831, 
 aged upwards of seventy. 
 
 Fine, John. — Born in New York, August 26, 
 1784 ; graduated at Columbia College, New Ifork, in 
 1809 ; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and set- 
 tled in St. Lawrence County, New York ; was a Judge 
 in that county for eighteen years, from 1821 to 1839, 
 and again in 1844 ; a State Senator in 1848 ; was 
 County Treasurer from 1831 to 1833; and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1839 to 1841. He published 
 a volume of law lectures. Died in Ogdensburg, Jan- 
 uary 4, 1867. 
 
 Fink, WiUintn E, — He was born in Ohio in 
 1833 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of 
 that State when twenty-one years of age ; in 1851 he 
 was elected to the Senate of Ohio ; in 1853 was a 
 member of the National Convention which nominated 
 General Scott for the Presidency ; in 1861 he was 
 again elected a State Senator, and in 1863 he was 
 chosen a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee 
 on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Post Office and Post Roads, and Roads and Cauals. 
 Also re-elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill a 
 Vacancy. 
 
 Finkelnburf/, G. ,4.^Born near Cologne, in 
 Pru.ssia, April 6, 1837 ; emigrated with his family to 
 this country in 1848, and settled in Missouri ; at- 
 tended the St. Charles College in Missouri, and grad- 
 uated in the Law Department of the Ohio University 
 at Cincinnati, in 1859 ; came to the bar in 1860 ; 
 served one year in the Volunteer Army during the 
 Rebellion ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1864 ; re-elected, and acted as Speaker pro tern., and 
 in 1868 he was elected a Representative from Mis- 
 souri to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Commerce and Revision of Laws. He 
 was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Finnci/, Darwin A, — He was born in Shrews- 
 bury, Vcnuont, in 1814 ; removed to Pennsylvania 
 when young, and graduated at Mcadville College ; 
 received a good education ; studied law and devoted 
 himself to the practice of the profession ; was a 
 member for several years of the Assembly and 
 Senate of Pennsylvania, and in 1866 he was elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures 
 in the State Department. Died in Europe, July 25, 
 1868. 
 
 Fish, Uaniiltot). — He was bom in New York 
 
 City, August 3, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia College 
 in 1837 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1830 ; 
 was for several years a Commissioner of Deeds for 
 the City and County of New York ; in 1837 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; in 1847 he was 
 elected to the State Senate to fill a vacancy ; was Gov- 
 ernor of New York from 1848 to 1850 ; a Senator in 
 Congress from 1851 to 1857 ; in 1863 he was appointed 
 one of a Board of Commis.sioners to relieve LTnion 
 prisoners in the Southern States, and succeeded in ne- 
 gotiating an exchange of prisoners ; in 1869 he went 
 into the Cabinet of President Grant as Secretary of 
 State ; and he took a conspicuous part in negotiating a 
 settlement of the Alabama Claims and one or two im- 
 portant treaties in 1871 and 1872. From the time 
 that he left the Senate imtil he became Secretary of 
 State he traveled in Europe and devoted himself 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 147 
 
 chiefly to the cultivation of his taste for art and 
 literature, and was for a time President of the New 
 York Historical Society. His father, Nicholas, was a 
 man of ability, distinguished as an officer in the Revo- 
 lutionary war ; subsequently attained the rank 
 of Adjutant-General, and. was a personal friend of 
 Washington, whose confidence he possessed in a 
 high degree. 
 
 Fislier, Charles. — Bom in Rowan County, North 
 Carolina, October 20, 1789. He received an academi- 
 cal education, and studied law, but did not practice 
 to any extent. He commenced public life by going 
 into the State Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was elected 
 to Congress from North Carolina, Avhere he served 
 during his term. In 1821 he was elected again to the 
 State Legislature, where he served almost continu- 
 ously until 1836. He was a Delegate to the Conven- 
 tion to amend the State Constitution in 1835 ; and 
 from 1839 to 1841 was again a Representative in Con- 
 gress. He died at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mis- 
 sissippi, May 7, 1849, while returning home from an 
 extended tour in the South-west. 
 
 Fisher, DuvUJ. — He was born in Somerset 
 County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1794 ; received 
 an English education, chiefly in a log 6chool-hou,se ; 
 brought up to clearing land and farming in Ohio ; he 
 has done something also as a lay preacher ; in 1842 he 
 was elected to the Legislature of Ohio ; and he was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State, from 
 1845 to 1847. His chair in the House of Represent- 
 atives was next to that of the late John Quincy 
 Adams, and when the great statesman fainted, be- 
 fore his death, he fell into the arms of Mr. Fisher. 
 He is the author of a theological work on the "Divin- 
 ity of Christ." 
 
 Fisher, George. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1829 to 1830, and a 
 member of the New York Assembly, from Tioga 
 County, in 1835. 
 
 Fisher, George P. — Born in Milford, Kent 
 County, Delaware, October 13, 1817 ; graduated at 
 Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1838 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; in 1840 he 
 was Clerk of the Delaware Senate ; in 1843 and 1844 
 he was elected to the Delaware House of Represent- 
 atives ; in 1846 he became Secretary of State of 
 Delaware ; in 1849 he went into the State Department 
 at Washington as the Confidential Clerk of Secretary 
 Clayton ; in 1850 he was appointed by President Tay- 
 lor a Commissioner to settle claims against Brazil, 
 which office expired in 1852 ; from 1857 to 1860 he 
 held the position of Attorney-General of the State of 
 Delaware ; and was elected a Representative from 
 that State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
 a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He 
 was subsequently appointed by President Lincoln a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court for the District of Co- 
 lumbia, which position he resigned to accept that of 
 District Attorney, and from which he was removed in 
 1875. 
 
 Fisher, Hendricli. — He was a Delegate from 
 New Jersey to the Colonial Congress which met in 
 New York in 1765. 
 
 Fisher, tTohn, — He was bom in Maryland ; re- 
 ceived a good education ; studied and settled in Dela- 
 ware, and was appointed United States Judge for that 
 District in 1812 by President Madison. 
 
 Fisher, rJohn, — He was bom in Londonderry, 
 New Hampshire, March 13, 1806 ; spent his boyhood 
 working on his father's farm, and subsequently en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits ; spent about twenty-one 
 
 years in Hamilton, Canada, where he had charge of 
 an iron manufacturing establishment, and where he 
 was a member of the City Council, and over which 
 city he presided as Mayor ; in 1856 he returned to New 
 Y'ork, and settled at Batavia ; was subsequently 
 engaged as a State Commissioner in erecting the 
 buildings for the New Y'ork State Institution for the 
 Blind in Batavia ; was also the President of a Fire In- 
 surance Company ; and in 1868 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New Y'ork to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Fisher, Joseph IF.- — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; emigrated to Wyoming Territory and settled 
 at Cheyenne ; and in 1871 he was appointed United 
 States Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the 
 Territory of Wyoming. 
 
 Fislier, S. S. — He was Commissioner of the 
 United States Patent Office from April, 1869, to Nov- 
 ember, 1870. 
 
 Fisk, James. — Bom about the year 1762 ; re- 
 ceived a limited edueatiqp, but studied law, and from 
 his superior natural talent, rose to eminence in hia 
 profession ; he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Vermont from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815, 
 when he was appointed one of the Judges of the Su- 
 preme Court of Vermont. He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress during the years 1817 and 1818, and resigned. In 
 1812 he was appointed by President Madison Judge of 
 the Territory of Indiana, and in 1817, Collector of the 
 Port of Albtirg, which office he held eight years. He 
 died December 1, 1844. 
 
 FisJt, Jonathan. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1809 to 1811, and again 
 from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United 
 States Attorney for the Southern District of New 
 York. 
 
 Fitch, Asa, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Fitch, GraJtam N, — Born in Le Roy, Genesee 
 County, New Y'ork, in December, 1810. He received 
 his education at Middleburj' and Geneva, but did not 
 graduate ; he studied medicine, and was a Medical 
 Professor in the Rush Medical College at Chicago, 
 Illinois, from 1844 to 1849. In 1844, 1848, and 1856, he 
 was chosen a Presidential Elector, and in 1836 and 
 1839 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1849 to 1853, and in 1857 was chosen a Senator of the 
 LTnited States for the term ending in 1861, serving as 
 a member of the Committees on Post Offices and Post 
 Roads, and on Indian Affairs. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866, and to the New York Convention of 
 1868. 
 
 Fitch, Thomas, — He was born in New York 
 City, January 29, 1838 ; received his school education 
 at the Wesleyan Academy of Massachusetts ; while 
 yet in his youth he was a clerk in New York ; worked 
 on a farm, went to sea before the mast, and was a 
 book-keeper in Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; after a short 
 mercantile career in Missouri, he returned to Wiscon- 
 sin and edited the Milwaukee Free Democrat ; went 
 to California in 1860, and became the editor of the San 
 Francisco Times ; also of the Placerville Republican; 
 was elected in 1862 to the State Assembly ; removed 
 to Nevada Territory in 1863 and edited the Virginia 
 Union ; was elected in 1864 to the first Constitutional 
 Convention of Nevada ; subsequently settled in 
 Washoe City and practiced law ; in 1865 he was ap- 
 pointed a District Attorney ; in 1867 he settled in Bel- 
 mont, and was elected a Representative from Nevada 
 
148 
 
 ;IOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Public Lands and Post Office. 
 
 Fittn, Oliver, — He was a citizen of Mississippi, 
 and in 1810 he was appointed by President Madison 
 United States Judge for the Territory of Mississippi. 
 
 Fitzgernld, Thomas. — He was a lawyer by pro- 
 fession ; served in the War of 1812 under General W. 
 H. Harrison ; and in 1848 and 1849 was a Senator in 
 Congress from Michigan under the appointment of the 
 Governor. Died at Niles, Michigan, March 25, 1855. 
 
 Fitzgernld, Wiltinm. — He was bom in Ten- 
 nessee, and was a Kepresentative in Congress from 
 that State from 1881 to 1833, and was a member of 
 the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury De- 
 partment. He was also Judge of the Circuit Court 
 of Tennessee. 
 
 Fitzliilf/h, Edirnrd C. — He wa^ bom in Vir- 
 ginia ; was an early emigrant to Washington Terri- 
 tory, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 United States Court for thaf Territory. 
 
 Fitzhufih, Nicholas, — He came of a Virginia 
 family, and became a resident of the District of Col- 
 umbia soon after the removal of the Seat of Govern- 
 ment to Washington ; and in 1803 was appointed a 
 Judge of the Circuit Court of the United States for 
 the District of Columbia. 
 
 Fifzhiif/h, William. — He was bom at "Bosco- 
 bel," Stafford County, Virginia ; which estate was 
 held by a grant from George II. He was a Delegate 
 to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1780 ; was 
 an eminent citizen of Virginia ; and died tliere in 
 1809, aged eighty-three years. 
 
 Fitzpttfrick, Heujamin, — He was born in 
 Greene County, Georgia, June 30, 1803 ; having been 
 left an orphan when quite young, he emigrated with 
 an elder brother, in 1815, to the valley of the Ala- 
 bama River, near Montgomery, where he resided 
 till his death. He received as good an education as 
 new countries generally afford ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to practice in 1821 ; was shortly afterwards 
 elected Solicitor of the Judicial District in which he 
 lived ; was again elected to the same office in 1825, 
 and held it until 1829 ; after which his health com- 
 pelled him to relinquish his profession, and settle 
 upon a farm. He was a Presidential Elector in 1840 ; 
 in 1841 was elected Governor of Alabama ; in 1843 
 was re-elected to the same position ; in 1852 he was 
 appointed a Senator in Congress, to succeed Honora- 
 ble W. R. King, which appointment was confirmed 
 by the Legislature of his State ; and at the conclusion 
 of that tenn he was elected, in 1855, to the same 
 position for the term ending in 1861 ; retired from 
 the Senate in February, 1861, and took part in the 
 Rebellion of that year. For several sessions he 
 served as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was 1 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union 
 Convention " of 1866. Died in Elmore County, Ala- 1 
 bama, in November, 1869 or 1870. I 
 
 Fifzsimous, Thomas,— Ee was a Delegate to 
 tlie Continental Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1782 to 1783 ; was a member of the Convention that 
 formed the Constitution, and signed that instrument ; 
 was, a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1789 to 1795 ; was a member of the Legislature 
 for ijiany years ; President of the Philadelphia 
 Chamber of Commerce and of other local Institu- 
 tions ; and died in August, 1811, aged seventy years. 
 He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat 
 of Government on the Potomac. The house of which 
 
 he was a member gave five thousand pounds to sup- 
 ply the army in 1780. 
 
 Flanagan, 'Tames W, — He was born in Albe- 
 marle, Virginia, September 5, 1805 ; received a good 
 education ; removed to Kentucky, where lie engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits, and was a Justice of the 
 Peace for twelve years ; removed in 1843 to Texas ; 
 and studied law, and entered upon its practice ; also 
 in planting cotton, which he continues to do ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852, 
 and of the Senate in 1855 and 1856 ; was an Elector 
 in 1857 ; a member of the State Constitutional Con- 
 ventions of 1866 and 1868 ; elected to Congress for 
 the State at large iu 1869 ; elected Lieutenant- 
 Governor in 1809 ; was elected to the United States 
 Senate for the term commencing in 1870, and ending 
 in 1875, serving on the Committees on Mines and Min- 
 ing, Post Offices, and as Chairman of that on Educa- 
 tion and Labor. 
 
 Flanders, Alvin, — Bom in Hopkinton, New 
 Hampshire, in 1825 ; acquired the trade of a ma- 
 chinist in Boston ; removed to California in 1851, 
 where he was engaged in the lumber business until 
 1858 ; subsequently took part in establishing the San 
 Francisco Daily Times, with which he was con- 
 nected until 1861 ; during that year he was elected to 
 the State Legislature ; spent two years in the United 
 States Branch Mint ; was appointed, in 1862, Regis- 
 ter of the Humboldt Bay Land Office, which he re- 
 signed; and then he removed to Washington Territory, 
 from which he was elected a Delegate to the Fortieth 
 Congress. In 1869 he was appointed Governor of 
 Washington Territory. 
 
 Flanders, Benjamin F. — Bom in Bristol, 
 New Hampshire, January 26, 1810 ; graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 1842 ; studied law and settled 
 in New Orleans ; taught school in that city for a time, 
 and became the editor of the Tropic newspaper ; 
 served as a member of the City Government ; was 
 Superintendent of a public school, and also of a rail- 
 road company ; and towards the close of the year 
 1801 he was elected, under a new order of things, a 
 Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, taking his seat within a fortnight of its 
 final adjoumment. In 1867 he was appointed by 
 military authority Governor of Louisiana, supersed- 
 ing J. M. Wells, having previously held a special 
 appointment under the Treasury Department. 
 
 Flandraiv, Charles E, — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and having removed to Minnesota Territory, 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for that District. 
 
 Flan n igan , Ua rris, — He was for many years a 
 leading man in the State of Arkansas ; member of the 
 last Constitutional Convention ; was elected Gover- 
 nor of the State in 1873 ; and died at Arkadelphia, 
 October 23, 1874. 
 
 Flemming, William, — He was a Delegate 
 from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1779 
 to 1781. 
 
 Flennikcn, Hobert P, — He was a citizen of 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1847 was appointed Charge' 
 d' Affaires to Denmark, and remained there until 1849. 
 
 Flenni/>er, liobo't P. — He was a native of 
 Pennsylvania, and was appointed a Justice of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Utah, resid- 
 ing at Salt Lake City. 
 
 Fletcher, Isaac, — He was formerly a member 
 of the Vermont Legislature, and a member of Con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 ]49 
 
 gress from that State from 1837 to 1841. He died at 
 Lyndon, Vermont, October 19, 1842. 
 
 Fletcher, JiirJinrd, — Born at Cavendish, Ver- 
 mont, January 8, 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1800 ; studied law with Daniel Webster ; was 
 admitted to the bar in 1809 ; and was settled at Salis- 
 bury until 1825, when he removed to Boston. He j 
 was leading counsel for the Warren Bridge projirie- ■ 
 tors in their famous case with the Charles River 
 Bridge Company. He was often an antagonist of Web- 
 ster and Mason, and became eminent in all branches , 
 of legal practice. He was a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature ; a Representative in Congress I 
 from 1837 to 1839 ; and Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of Massachusetts from 1848 to ls.53. He bequeathed 
 one hundred thousand dollars to Dartmouth College. 
 Died in Boston, June 21, 18(i9. He received from 
 Harvard and Dartmouth Colleges the degree of Doc- 
 tor of Laws. 
 
 Fletcher, Si/land. — He was born in Cavendish, 
 Vermont, in 1799 ; and was Governor of that State 
 from 1856 to 1858. 
 
 Fletcher, Thomas. — He was a member of the 
 Kentucky Legislature from Montgomery County, in 
 1803, 1805, and 1806 ; was a General in the War of 
 1812 ; was a Rej^resentative in Congress from Ken- 
 tucky in 1816 and 1817 ; and again a member of the 
 Legislature in 1817, 1820, 1821, and 1825. 
 
 Fletcher, Thomas C. — He was Governor of 
 Missouri from 1864 to 1868 ; and in 1875 he was 
 Chairman of the Red Cloud Indian Investigating 
 Committee. 
 
 Floofl, Georffe If. — He was a citizen of Ohio, 
 and in 1840 was appointed Charge d'Atlaires to the 
 Republic of Texas, remaining there about one year. 
 
 Florence, Flias, — He was born in Virginia ; 
 and, having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elect- 
 ed a Representative in Congress from 184;j to 1845. 
 
 Florence, Thomas B. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, January 26, 1812. He had not the ben- 
 efit of a college education ; for a time he devoted 
 himself to the occupation of a hatter ; he published 
 and edited, for several years, a Democratic news- 
 paper ; was nine years Secretary of the Board of Con- 
 trollers of Public Schools in Pennsylvania ; and was 
 elected to Congress in 1850, where he served continu- 
 ously until 1859, acting as a member of the Commit- 
 tees on Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He was 
 also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and 
 while occupying his seat as a Representative, estab- 
 lished in Washington the Nntionnl Democrntic Re- 
 xiew, and subsequently edited the Omstitutioiial 
 Union in Washington. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " for 
 1866. He subsequently established and edited in 
 Washington a Sunday paper called the Oazette, and 
 died in that city, July 4, 1875. 
 
 Floiirnoy, Thomas S. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1847 to 1849. He participated in the great 
 Rebellion, and was killed in battle in Virginia, in 
 June, 1864. 
 
 Floyd, Charles A. — He was bom in New 
 
 York ; served in the Assembly of that State in 1836 
 and 1838, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Floyd, John. — Bom at Beaufort, South Caro- 
 lina, October 3, 1769 ; after the pecuniary losses of his 
 
 father during the Revolution, they moved to Georgia 
 in 1791, and by boat-building, near the mouth of the 
 St. Ilia River, acquired wealth. He was Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral of Militia from August, 1813, to March, 1814, 
 and subsequently Major-General ; commanded at the 
 battle \vith the Creek Indians at Autossee, Alabama, 
 November 29, 1813, in which he was severely 
 wounded ; and at the battle with the Creeks at Camp 
 Defiance, Alabama, January 27, 1814 ; was often a 
 member of the State Legislature, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Georgia from 1827 to 1829 ; 
 died in Camden County, Georgia, June 24, 1839. 
 
 Floyd, .ToJni. — Was bom in Jefferson County, 
 Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Virginia from 1H17 to 1829 ; served many years in the 
 Legislature of that State, and was Governor of Vir- 
 ginia from 1829 to 1834. He died at the Sweet 
 Springs in that State, August 16, 1837. 
 
 Floyd, ,Tohn B. — He was bom in Montgomery, 
 now Pulaski County, Virginia, in 1805, and was the 
 son of John Floyd, formerly a member of Congress. 
 He was a student at the Georgetown College, District 
 of Columbia, but graduated at the State College of 
 South Carolina in 1826 ; from 1836 to 1839 lie resided 
 in Arkansas ; from 1847 to 1849 he served in the Vir- 
 ginia Legislature ; was Governor of Virginia from 1849 
 to 1852 ; was a Delegate to the Cincinnati Conven- 
 tion of 1856 ; was Secretary of War in the administra- 
 tion of President Buchanan, and in 1860 caused an 
 extensive transfer of arms from Northern to Southern 
 Ar.senals ; and he was one of the first to join the Re- 
 bellion, in which he took a leading jmrt as a Briga- 
 dier-General. Before its close, he became unpo]iular 
 in the Confederate Amij', and after unmilitary con- 
 duct at Fort Donelson, he was forced to retire from 
 the amiv. lie died at Abingdon, Virginia, August 
 27, 1863.' 
 
 Floyd, .Tolin G. — He was a native of New 
 York ; served in the Assembly of that State, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from the same from 
 1839 to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Floyd, William. — He was bom in Suffolk 
 County, New York, December 17, 1734 ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1783, 
 and signed the Declaration of Independence ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1789 
 to 1791 ; a Presidential Elector in 1800, 1804, and 
 1820 ; and for three years a member of the New York 
 State Senate ; in 1801 he was a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention. He died in Oneida County, 
 New York, August 4, 1821. 
 
 Flagler, Thomas T. — He was born in New 
 York ; served in the Assembly of that State in 1842 
 and 1843, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1853 to 1857. 
 
 Fogy, George G. — He was born in Meredith, 
 Belknap County, New Hampshire, May 26, 1815 ; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1839 ; soon after- 
 wards became Principal of the Hebron Academy : 
 was subsequently Professor of English Literature in 
 the New Hampton Academical Institution, studying 
 law at the same time ; and, after a course of study 
 at the Cambridge Law School, he was admitted to the 
 bar in 1842. After practicing for some years in Gil- 
 manton he was elected in 1846 to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and soon afterwards Secretary of State, when 
 he became editor of the InihpencJent Dcmon-nt, with 
 which he has ever since been connected. In 1855 he 
 was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Su- 
 preme Judicial Court of the State, which he resigned 
 in 1859 ; in 1856 he was appointed Clerk of the Con- 
 gressional Committee sent out by the House of Rep- 
 
150 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 resentatives to Kansas ; was a Delegate to tlie ' ' Buf- 
 falo Free Soil Convention " of 1848 ; the " Pittsburg 
 Convention " of 1853 ; the " Philadelphia Republican 
 Convention " of 1856 ; and to the "Chicago Conven- 
 tion " of 1860 ; was a member of the Republican 
 National Committee from 1856 to 1864. and Secretary 
 of said Committee during the canvass for the re- 
 election of President Lincoln in 1860 ; in 1861 he 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Minister Resi- 
 dent to Switzerland, returning in November, 1865 ; 
 and in 1860 he was appointed a Senator in Congress 
 from New Hampshire in the place of D. Clark, re- 
 signed, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, 
 Claims, and Revolutionary Claims. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " 
 of 1866. 
 
 Foley, Jaities IS. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and, having taken up his residence in Indiana, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 in 1827, and was a member of the Committees on Ag- 
 riculture and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Folf/er, Walter.— We was bom a^ Nantucket, 
 Massachusetts ; was a direct descendant of Benjamin 
 Franklin ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate 
 from 1809 to 1815, and also in 1832 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative In Congress from that State from 1817 to 
 1831. 
 
 Folsoin , George. — He was born in Kennebunk, 
 Maine, May 23, 1802 ; graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1822 ; studied law, and settled in Framingham, 
 Massachusetts ; also resided for a time in Worcester, 
 and removed to New York in 1837 ; was Librarian of 
 the New York Historical Society, and in 1841 edited a 
 volume of " Dutch Annals," and several other publica- 
 tions ; in 1844 he was elected to the State Senate and 
 was cx-ojino member of the Court of Errors ; in 1850 
 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the Hague ; on 
 Lis return he was President of a Savings Bank, and 
 of the American Ethnological Society, and a Director 
 in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Died in 
 Rome, Italy, March 27, 1869. 
 
 Folnoni, Nathaniel. — Born in Exeter, New 
 Hampshire, in 1726 ; he commanded a company at 
 Fort Edward in 1755 ; distinguished himself in the 
 action with Dieskau ; commanded a Regiment of 
 Militia before the Revolution, and served as Briga- 
 dier-General of the New Hampshire forces, during 
 the siege of Boston, until relieved by Sullivan, July, 
 1775 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 
 1774, 1775, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. Was a Coun- 
 cilor in 1778 ; and President of the Convention 
 which framed the Constitution of New Hampshire in 
 1783. Died at Exeter, May 26, 1790. 
 
 Foot, Sninnel A. — Born in Cheshire, Connecti- 
 cut, November 8, 1780 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1797, and commenced the practice of law in his native 
 town. He was chosen a Representative in Congress 
 from Connecticut in 1819, 1823, and 1833 ; was 
 Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives 
 in 1825 and 1826 ; and Senator in Congress from 1827 
 to 1833, serHng as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Pensions. In 1834 he was elected Governor of the 
 State, and in 1844 he was a Presidential Elector. 
 He died September 16, 1846. He it was who offered, 
 on the floor of Congress, the famous resolutions upon 
 wliieli was founded the great debate between Hayne 
 and Web.ster. 
 
 Foot, Solomon. — He was bom in Comwall, Ad- 
 dison County, Vermont, November 19, 1802 ; gradu- 
 ated at Middlebury College in 1826 ; was for one year 
 the Principal of Castleton Academy, and for a time a 1 
 
 tutor in the University of Vennont, and Professor of 
 Natural Philosophy in the Vermont Academy of Medi- 
 cine ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831, set- 
 tling in Rutland, where he always resided. He was 
 a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1833, 1836, 
 1837, 1888, and 1847 ; was Speaker of the House dur- 
 ing his last three terms ; was a member in 1836 of the 
 Convention for altering the State Constitution ; and 
 was a State Attorney from 1836 to 1842. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847 ; and 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Vermont for 
 the term commencing in 1851 and ending 1857, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and the 
 Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee 
 on Public Buildings and Grounds. He was re-elected 
 to the Senate for the tenn ending in 1863 ; also for a 
 third term ending in 1869, continuing at the head of his 
 old Committee, and as a member of those on Foreign 
 Relations, Pensions, and Commerce. He was also a 
 member of the National Committee appointed to 
 accompany the remains of President Lincoln to 
 Illinois. During a part of the Thirty-.sixth, the 
 whole of the Thirty-seventh, and a part of the Thir- 
 ty-eighth Congresses, he was President pro tern, of the 
 Senate. He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore 
 Convention " in 1864. Died in Washington, March 
 28, 1866, deeply lamented. 
 
 Foote, Charles A. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1823 to 1825. Died in Delaware County, August 
 1, 1828. 
 
 Foote, Henry S, — He was bom in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, September 20, 1800, and was edu- 
 cated at Washington College, in that State ; studied 
 law, was admitted to the bar, and settled in AJaliama 
 in 1824 ; in 182G he removed to Mississippi, and there 
 continued the practice of his profession ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1844 ; was elected in 1847 a Senator 
 in Congress, where he remained until 1852, officiating 
 as( Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relati(jns ; 
 and he was elected Governor of Mississippi in 18.52. 
 He subsequently spent a few years in California. In 
 1859 he was a member of the Southern Convention, 
 held at Knoxville, Tennessee, and during his life 
 fought three duels. He identified himself witli the 
 great Rebellion, and was a member of the Confeder- 
 ate Congress ; and after the return of peace he pub- 
 lished " The War of the Rebellion." He subsequently 
 resided in Washington City, and published a volume 
 of his " Personal Recollections of Public Men." 
 
 Foote, Thomas 31. — He was born in 1809 ; 
 received a good education and prepared himself for 
 the medical profession ; he was for many years the 
 proprietor and editor of the Buffalo Coiwinrcvd Adver- 
 tiser; in 1849 he was appointed Charge d 'Affaires to 
 New Grenada ; and in 1852 to the same position near 
 the government of Austria. Died at Buffalo, Febru- 
 ary 20, 1858. 
 
 Forbes, tTanies. — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 
 1780. 
 
 Forbes, John M. — He was a citizen of Florida ; 
 sent as Secretary of Legation to Buenos Ayres in 
 1823 ; commissioned as Charge d'Affaires in 1825 ; 
 and died at his post, June 14, 1831. 
 
 Foree, Peter. — He was bom at Passaic Falls, 
 New Jersey, November 36, 1790 ; removed w-ith his 
 father, a revolutionary soldier, to New York city in 
 1793 ; learned the printer's trade, and was President 
 of the Tj-pographical Society in 1813 ; as a printer he 
 had the honor of setting up some of the early papers of 
 the "Sketch Book." In November, 1815, he removed 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 151 
 
 to Washington, where he published the Nnti/yiMl 
 Calemlur from 1820 to 1836 ; in 1823 estaljlished the 
 National Journal, in support of John Quincy Adams ; 
 was for several years a city Councilman and Alderman ; 
 Mayor of Washington from 1836 to 1840 ; and was the 
 first Vice-President and afterwards President of the 
 National Institute at Washington. His great work 
 was " American ArchiTes," of which only nine vol- 
 umes were printed, the tenth being still unpublished ; 
 in 1852 he published " Grinnel Land;" in 1856 
 ' ' Records of Auroral Phenomena," and edited four vol- 
 umes of rare American Tracts. Died at Washington, 
 January 23, 1868. His large and valuable library and 
 collection of manuscripts relating to American His- 
 tory were purchased by the Government, and now 
 form a part of the Congressional Library. For a sketch 
 of his life and library, see "Haphazard Personali- 
 ties," by the present writer. 
 
 Ford, Gabriel H. — Born in Morristown, New 
 Jersey, in 1764 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 
 1784 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 
 1789 ; was President Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas for the Eastern District, and from 1820 to 1840 
 was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His family 
 residence was the headquarters of Washington in 
 1777. Died in Morristown, August 27, 1849. 
 
 Ford, James. — -He served two years in the 
 Pennsylvania Legislature, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833. 
 His life was honorably interwoven with the history of 
 his State, and he died at Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania, 
 August, 1859, aged seventy-six years. 
 
 Ford, Seabnrif, — Born in Pomfret, Connecticut, 
 October 15, 1801 ; graduated at Yale College in 1825 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to practice in Bur- 
 ton ; was often a member of the State Legislature, 
 and once Speaker in each branch ; was Governor of 
 Oho in 1848 and 1850, and Major-General of Militia. 
 He died at Burton, Ohio, May 8, 1855. 
 
 Ford, TItomas. — In 1804, while a child, his 
 parents emigrated to Hlinois. He practiced law, and 
 was a judge of the Superior Court of the State ; was 
 the author of a History of Illinois from 1818 to 1847 ; 
 and was Governor of the State from 1842 to 1846. 
 Died in Peoria, January, 1851. 
 
 Ford, Thomas H, — He was elected in 1860 
 Goi^emment Printer for the House of Representa- 
 tives. 
 
 Ford, William D. — He was born in Provi- 
 dence, Rhode Island ; served in the New York 
 Assembly in 1816 and 1817 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 Forester, John B, — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Claims. Died August 31, 1845. 
 
 Forker, Samuel C — He was born in Mount 
 Holly, New Jersey, March 16, 1821 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; was Cashier of the Borden- 
 town Banking Company ; and elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on the Committee on Revo- 
 lutionary Claims. 
 
 Foruance, Joseph. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative In Congress from 
 that State from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Fornei/, Daniel 31. — Bom in Lincoln County, 
 North Carolina, May, 1784. During the late war 
 with England he served as Major in the State line. 
 
 and was a Representative in Congress from North 
 Carolina from 1815 to 1818, and. in 1820 was appointed 
 Commissioner to treat with the Creek Indians. From 
 1823 to 1826 he was a member of the State Legisla- 
 ture. In 1834 he removed to Lowndes County, Ala- 
 bama, where he died in October, 1847. 
 
 For net/, John W. — Bom In Lancaster, Penn- 
 sylvania, September 30, 1817 ; acquired the art of 
 printing, and took charge of the Lancaster Intrlli- 
 gcncer as early as 1840 : in 1845 he removed to Phila- 
 delphia, where he edited the Pennsyhanian until 
 1851 ; from that year until 1855 he was Clerk of the 
 United States House of Representatives, and at the 
 same time conducted the Union newspaper ; in 1857 
 he returned to Philadelphia and established the 
 Press ; was again made Clerk of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives from 1859 to 1801 ; he soon afterwards es- 
 tablislied the ClironicU in Washington City, and at the 
 same time continued to edit the Press in Philadel- 
 phia ; and he was Secretary of the United States Sen- 
 ate from 1861 until 1868. He subsequently spent sev- 
 eral years in Europe, and did much by his pen to pro- 
 mote the success of the Centennial Exhibition in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Forney, Peter. — Bom in Lincoln County, North 
 Carolina, April, 1756. He was a patriot and soldier of 
 the Revolution. He served as a member of the State 
 Legislature for several years, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1813 to 
 1815. He served as an Elector during the Presiden- 
 tial campaigns of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and 
 Jackson. Died February 1, 1834. 
 
 Forney, William II. — Born in Lincolnton, 
 North Carolina, November 9, 1823 ; removed to Ala- 
 bama in 1835 with his parents ; graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Alabama in 1844 ; served as a Lieutenant of 
 Volunteers in the war with Mexico ; studied law and 
 practiced the profession for twenty-five years ; was 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1859 ; served in the 
 Confederate Army during the Rebellion, and was 
 made a Brigadier-General ; was elected a State Sena- 
 tor in 1805 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Forrest, Thomas. — He was bom in Philadel- 
 phia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1819 to 1821, and again 
 from 1822 to 1823, for the unexpired term of William 
 Milnor. Died March 30, 1825. He was elected to 
 Congress by o»e vote. 
 
 Forrest, Uriah. — He was a General in the 
 Revolutionary W^ar ; lost a leg at the battle of Bran- 
 dywine ; was wounded at the Ijattle of Germantown, 
 from the effects of which he never recovered ; was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 
 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from Mary- 
 land during the years 1793 and 1794, and resigned. 
 Died at his country seat near Georgetown, District of 
 Columbia, in 1805. 
 
 Forsyth, John. — He was bom in Fredericks- 
 burg, Virginia, October 2, 1780 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1799 ; removed with his father to Charleston, 
 South Carolina, and afterwards to Augusta, Georgia. 
 He studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 distinguished 
 himself at the Georgia bar ; and in 1808 was Attor- 
 ney-General of the State ; he was a Representative 
 in Congress from Georgia from 1813 to 1818, and 
 from 1823 to 1827 ; a Senator in Congress during the 
 years 1818 and 1819, and from 1829 to 1837, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Commerce ; Governor 
 of Georgia in 1837, 1828, and 1829 ; Minister to Spain 
 from 1819 to 1822 ; and wa'~: Secretary of State under 
 President Jackson, in which position he was continued 
 
152 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 by President Van Buren until tlie end of his adminis- 
 tration. His superior abilities were universally ac- 
 knowledged, and the dignity and elegance of his 
 manners added much to his popularity. He died in 
 Washington City, of bilious fever, October 31, 1841. 
 
 Fort, George F.—Re was Governor of New 
 Jersey from 1851 to 1854. 
 
 Fort, Greenberry L. — He was born in Ohio, 
 October 17, 1825 ; removed to Illinois in 1834 ; was 
 raised on a farm ; admitted to the bar ; elected 
 Sheriff, Clerk of Cii'cuit Court, and County Judge ; 
 volunteered in the army in 1861, and was mustered 
 out of service in 1866 ; was elected to the State 
 Senate in 1866, and to the Forty -third Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Fort, Tontlinson, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Georgia from 1837 to 1829. He was at 
 one time a member of the Legislature of Georgia ; 
 practiced the profession of medicine ; and was Presi- 
 dent of the Central Bank of Georgia from 1833 until 
 his death, which occurred May 11, 1856, aged seventy- 
 two years. 
 
 Forward, Cliaunceji. — He was born at Old 
 Granby, Connecticut, and was the younger brother of 
 Walter Forward. About the year 1800 he removed 
 to Ohio with his father ; was educated at Jefferson 
 College ; studied law, and came to the bar in Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania. In 1817 he settled in Somerset, 
 of that State ; was frequently elected to the State 
 Legislature, serving in both Houses ; in 1825 he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress for an unexpired 
 term, and was twice re-elected, serving until 1831. 
 He never quitted politics, nor ceased to practice liis 
 profession, but late in life took a special interest in 
 matters connected with the Baptist Church, and be- 
 came a very popular and successful preacher. He 
 died at Somerset, October, 1839. 
 
 ForUHird, tralter, — He was born in Connecticut 
 in 1786, where he received a liberal education. He re- 
 moved to Pittsburg in 1803, and studied law. In 1805 
 he became editor of the paper called the Tree of Lib- 
 erty ; from 1806 to 1833 he was engaged in the prac- 
 tice of law, and, as a pleader, had few equals. In 
 1833 he was elected to Congress from Pennsylvania as 
 a Representative, where he continued till March, 1835. 
 In 1837 he bore a prominent part iu the Pennsylvania 
 Convention to reform the State Constitution. In 
 March, 1841, President Harrison named him First 
 Comptroller of the Treasury, which post he held until 
 he was appointed by President Tyler Secretary of the 
 Treasury. On retiring from President Tyler's Cabi- 
 net, he resumed and continued his practice at the bar, 
 until appointed by President Taylor Charge d' Affaires 
 to Denmark, where he spent several years, resigning 
 his situation to return home in order to accept the of- 
 fice of President Judge of the District Court of Alle- 
 ghany County, to which he had been called by popu- 
 lar election. While in court, employed in his judicial 
 duties, he was suddenly taken ill, and died in forty- 
 eight hours, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, November 
 24, 1852. 
 
 Forward, IVilliam A, — ^Was born in New 
 York ; was a Canadian rebel in 1836, and suffered im- 
 prisonment and banishment ; went to Florida in 1845 
 and settled permanently ; served several years in the 
 Territorial and State Legislatures ; from 1853 to 1857 
 he was Judge of the Eastern Judicial Circuit ; and in 
 1859 he was elected to the Supreme Bench of his 
 adopted State. Died at Pilatka, October 19, 1865. 
 
 Fosdick, Nicoll. — Born iu New London, Con- 
 
 necticut, November 9, 1785, of direct Puritan stock ; 
 in 1809 removed to Herkimer County, New York ; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1816 ; a member of the 
 Legislature of New York in 1818 ; again in 1819, and 
 declined a re-election ; was a Representative from 
 New York in the Nineteenth Congress ; returned to 
 his native place in 1843, and from 1849 to 1853 was 
 Collector of Customs for the District of New London. 
 Died in New London, May 7, 1868. 
 
 Foster, Abiel. — Born in Andover, Massachusetts, 
 August 8, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1750 ; studied theology, and was a pastor for eighteen 
 years over the Congregational Church in Canterbury, 
 New Hampshire ; and in 1780 was a Representative 
 to the General Court ; was a Delegate from New 
 Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 
 1785 ; and was present at Washington's resignation of 
 the command of the array at Ainapolis ; he was a 
 Representative in Congress from New Hainpshire 
 from 1789 to 1791, and was again a Representative in 
 the Legislature, and a Delegate to revise the State 
 Constitution ; was a member of the State Senate from 
 1793 to 1794, and in both years was President of that 
 body; and was re-elected to Congress from 1795 to 
 1803. He died at Canterbury, February 6, 1806. 
 
 Foster, A. Lawrenee. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Foster, Charles. — He was born April 13, 1828 ; 
 educated at the Academy of Norwalk, Ohio ; engaged 
 in mercantile and banking business ; and never held 
 any public office until elected to the Forty-second 
 Congress and two following Congresses, serving on 
 the Committee on Ways and Means. 
 
 Foster, C. G. — He was born in Monroe County, 
 New York, January 33, 1837 ; was educated at a dis- 
 trict school and also at an academy in Palmyra, New 
 York ; when sixteen years of age, having lost his 
 parents, went to live with an uncle in Michigan ; 
 completed his education at the Adrian Academy and 
 studied law in that town. His health failing, he re- 
 turned to New York and resumed his legal studies in 
 Rochester, and came to the bar in 1859 ; removed to 
 Kansas soon afterwards ; was commissioned a Colonel, 
 and rendered some military service on the frontiers ; 
 in 1863 he was elected to the State Senate ; was Mayor 
 of Atchison in 1867 ; and in 1874 he was appointed 
 Judge of the United States District Court for the 
 District of Kansas. 
 
 Foster, Dioight. — Born in Brookfield, Massa- 
 chusetts, December 7, 1757 ; graduated at B^o^vn 
 University in 1774 ; practiced law at Brookfield ; was 
 County Sheriff and Judge and afterwards Chief Jus- 
 tice of Common Pleas ; was some years a Member of 
 the House and Senate of Massachusetts ; a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1793 to 1799, and United 
 States Senator from 1800 to 1803, when he resigned ; 
 was a member of the Executive Council of Massa- 
 chusetts, and on the death of his father was chosen 
 to supply his place in the Convention for framing the 
 State Constitution in 1779. He died in Brookfield, 
 April 29, 1833. 
 
 j Foster, Ephraim, H. — He entered public life 
 when quite young, and m 1839 was Spealver of the 
 House of Representatives of Tennessee. In 1837 he 
 was elected to the United States Senate, but in 1839 
 resigned his seat because he could not obey the in- 
 structions of the State Legislature ; and iu 1843 he 
 was re-elected for two years. On his return from 
 Washington he was a candidate for Governor, but 
 failed of an election. He died at Nashville, Septem- 
 ber 4, 1854. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 153 
 
 Foster, Henri/ A, — He was born in New York ; 
 served in the Senate of that State from 1831 to 1834, 
 and from 1841 to 1844 ; was a Kepresentative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1837 to 1839 ; and was a 
 Senator in Congress during the years 1844 and 1845, 
 by appointment of the Governor. He was subse- 
 quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. 
 
 Foster, Hetirjf Dontiel. — He was born in 
 Mercer, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1812 ; received 
 a liberal education ; studied law ; was elected to the 
 Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses ; was 
 elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1846 
 and 1847 ; was the Democratic candidate for Governor 
 of Pennsylvania in 1800 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Claims. 
 
 Foster, Jedediah, — Born in Andover, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 10, 1726 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1744 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was 
 a member of the Worcester Convention in 1774, and 
 soon after chosen to the Provincial Congress, of 
 which he was an active and useful member. About 
 the same time he was elected a Councilor ; in 1770 
 he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court ; and 
 was for many years a Judge of Probate, and also of 
 the Court of Common Pleas. He was also a member 
 of the Convention which formed the Constitution of 
 Massachusetts. He died October 17, 1779. 
 
 Foster, John W. — He was a citizen of Indiana, 
 and in 1873 he was appointed Envoy and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Mexico, and was still in office as 
 late as 1875. 
 
 Foster, La Fayette S. — He was born in Frank- 
 lin, New London County, Connecticut, November 22, 
 1800, and is a direct descendant of Miles Standish. 
 He graduated at Brown University in 1828 ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1831 ; was a member of the 
 General Assemblv of Connecticut in 1839 and 1840, in 
 1846, 1847, and 1848, and 1854 ; was Speaker of the 
 House in 1847, 1848, and 1854 ; Mayor of the city of 
 Norwich for two years, in 1850 and 1851 ; received 
 the degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1850, 
 and was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term 
 commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861, serving as a 
 member of the Committees on Public Lands, Pensions, 
 and the Judiciary. He was reelected in 1860 for 
 the term ending in 1867, and during the Thirty- 
 seventh and Tiirty-eighth Congresses he was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Pensions, and a member of 
 the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Private 
 Land Claims, Indian Affairs, and Foreign Relations ; 
 at the extra session of the Senate, in 1865, he was 
 chosen President ^to teyn. of that body ; the death of 
 Abraham Lincoln and the elevation of Andrew Johnson 
 to the Presidency making him Acting Vice-President 
 of the United States. During the subsequent recess, as 
 a member of a Special Committee of the Senate, he 
 visited some of the Indian tribes west of the Missis- 
 sippi. In 1869 he was elected Professor of Law in 
 Yale College, and in 1870 to a seat on the Bench of 
 the Sujireme Court of Connecticut. 
 
 Foster, Nathaniel G.— Bom at " The Fork," 
 in Greene County, Georgia, August 25, 1809 ; grad- 
 uated at Franklin College in 1820 ; read law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Madison, 
 Georgia, where he obtained a high reputation as an 
 advocate and jury lawyer. He served three years as 
 Solicitor-General of Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in 
 the State Senate, and one year in the House ; and 
 was a Representative in the Thirty- fourth Congress. 
 
 Foster, Stephen C. — Bom in Machias, Maine, 
 December 24, 1799 ; commenced life as a blacksmith, 
 
 but for the last twenty-five years has been a lumber- 
 merchant and ship-builder ; was in the Maine Legis- 
 lature from 1834 to 1837 ; again in 1840, when he was 
 President of the Senate ; and again in 1847 ; was 
 elected to Congress from Maine in 1856, serving 
 through the Thirty-fifth Congress as a member of 
 the Committee on Manufactures. He is now Presi- 
 dent of the Washington Agricultural Society of his 
 native State. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, and was also a member of the Peace Con- 
 gress of 1861. 
 
 Foster, TJieodore. — He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts ; graduated at Brown University in 1770 ; 
 and was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island 
 from 1790 to 1803, and died in 1828, aged seventy-six 
 years. 
 
 Foster, Thomas F, — Born in Greensborough, 
 Georgia, November 23, 1790. He graduated at Frank- 
 lin College in 1812 ; read law at home, and at Litch- 
 field, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1816. He was for many years a member of the 
 Georgia Legislature ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Georgia from 1829 to 1835, and again from 
 1841 to 1843. He died in 1847. 
 
 Foster, Wilder I>. — He was bom in Orange 
 County, New York, January 8, 1819 ; received a 
 common school education ; went to Michigan in 1837 
 as an apprentice to the tinner's trade ; carried on 
 general hardware business in Grand Rapids ; was 
 City Treasurer and Alderman of that city, and elected 
 Mayor in 1854 ; was elected State Senator for 1855 
 and 1856 ; again elected Mayor in 1865 and 1866 ; was 
 elected to the Forty -second Congress to fill a vacancy, 
 and was re-elected to the Fortj'-third Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Foiike, Fhilip S, — Born in Kaskaskia, Illinois, 
 January 23, 1818 ; was chiefly self-educated ; was 
 first a clerk and then a civil engineer ; in 1841 he 
 established a paper called the BelkvUh Advocate, 
 which he printed and edited for four years ; he then 
 studied law, and after being admitted to practice, he 
 was elected in 1846 Prosecuting Attorney for his Dis- 
 trict, and re-elected ; in 1851 he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Illinois Legislature ; in 1856 he was again 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 was 
 elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public 
 Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, but served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, 
 resigning his commission in 1862. 
 
 Fowler, Joltn, — He was a soldier in the War of 
 the Revolution ; attained the rank of Captain, and 
 was a member of Congress from Kentucky from 1797 
 to 1807. He died at Lexington, Kentucky, August 22, 
 1840, aged eighty-five years. 
 
 Fowler, .Joseph Smith. — He was born in Steu- 
 ben \-iIle, Ohio, August 31, 1822 ; graduated at Frank- 
 lin College in 1843, in which institution he was a Pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics for four years ; he commenced 
 the study of law in Kentucky, but removing to Ten- 
 nessee, was admitted to the bar in that State, which 
 has since been his home. When the Rebellion broke 
 out, he warmly espoused the Union cause ; in Sep- 
 tember, 1861, he left the State under the forty days' 
 proclamation of Jefferson Davis, and resided in Spring- 
 field, Illinois, until April, 1862 ; and on his return he 
 was Comptroller of Tennessee under Governor John- 
 son, and took a leading part in organizing the Union 
 party and re-organizing the State Government. In 
 1865 he was elected a S'enator in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee for six years, but was not admitted to his seat 
 until Jvdy, 1866. He was a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 
354 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 pWa " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and the Com- 
 mittees upon whicli he was placed in the Senate were 
 those on Manufactures, Territories, Foreign Affairs, 
 Pensions, and as Chairman of that on Engrossed Bills. 
 
 Foivler, Oi'in, — Born at Lebanon, Connecticut, 
 July 29, 1791 ; graduated at Yale College in 1815 ; 
 studied theology under Dr. Dwight; performed an ex- 
 tensive missionary tour in the Valley of the Missis- 
 sippi, and in 1819 settled as pastor in Plainfield, Con- 
 necticut. He was twenty years a pastor at Fall River, 
 which he represented in both branches of the Legisla- 
 ture for several years ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1819 to the time of his death, which oc- 
 curred in Washington, September 3, 1853. He replied 
 to Mr. Webster's speech of March 7, 1850, and was an 
 opponent of intemperance aud slavery. He published 
 "A Treatise on Baptism " in 1835, and "Historical 
 Slietch of Fall River," 1811. 
 
 Fowler, Satnuel. — Born in New Jersey in 1779; 
 ■was a distinguished member of the medical profes- 
 sion, aud a Representative in Congress from New 
 Jersey from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sussex County, 
 New Jersey, February 21, 1841. ^ 
 
 Fo.T, Edward, — He was born in Maine, and was 
 a resident of Portland; and in 1866 he was appointed 
 United States Judge for the District of Maine. 
 
 Fox, Giisfavtis Vasa. — Born in Saugus, Mas- 
 sachusetts, June 13, 1831 ; entered the navy as Mid- 
 shipman in 1838, and remained in the service for nine- 
 teen years ; in 1856 he went into the manufacturing 
 business at Lawrence ; when hostilities commenced 
 in 1861 he was assigned the duty, by President Lin- 
 coln, of supplying Fort Sumter with provisions ; 
 soon afterwards he entered the Navy Department as 
 Assistant Secretary, where he remained until 1866. 
 when lie resigned ; in an official capacity he was sent 
 to Russia to deliver in person tlie Resolution of Con- 
 gress passed upon the escape of the Emperor from as- 
 sassination ; on his return to the United States he 
 resumed his old business of manufacturing in Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 Fox, tTohn, — He was born in the city of New 
 York in 1835 ; received a common-school education ; 
 was bred to a mechanical emjiloyment ; was elected 
 an Alderman in the City Councils ; also held the office 
 of Supervisor, aud in 1866 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, 
 and Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on MUeage and 
 Enrolled BUls. 
 
 Franchof, Richard. — Was born in Morris, Ot- 
 sego County, New York, in 1816 ; received au English 
 education ; served as a civil engineer for seven 
 years ; subsequently turned his attention to farming ; 
 was President of the Albany and Susquehanna Rail- 
 road Company ; and was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on the District of Columbia 
 aud the Pacific Railroad. He died at Schenectady, 
 November 23, 1875. 
 
 Francis, John Brown, — Born in Philadelphia, 
 May 31, 1794; graduated at Brown University in 
 1808. Losing his father in infancy, he was reared by 
 his maternal grandfatlier, Nicholas Brown, one of the 
 founders of Brown University. He acquired a mer- 
 cantile education at Providence, and attended the 
 Litchfield Law School. In 1821 he settled at Spring 
 Ureen aa an agriculturist. He was a member of the 
 State Legislature from 1821 to 1829 ; State Senator 
 in 1831 ; Governor from 1833 to 1838 ; State Senator 
 
 in 1842 ; United States Senator in 1844 and 1845 ; 
 State Senator again from 1849 to 1856 ; Trustee in 
 Brown University from 1828 to 1857 ; and Chancellor 
 from 1841 to 1854. Died at Warwick, Rhode Island, 
 August 9, 1864, 
 
 Francis, John 31,— A citizen of New Tork ; 
 long editor of the Troy Times ; and in 1871 was ap- 
 pointed Minister Resident to Greece, where he remained 
 until 1873. Re- visited Europe for pleasure iu 1875. 
 
 Frank, Augusfns. — He was born in Warsaw, 
 Wyoming County, New York, July 17, 1826 ; early 
 became engaged iu mercantile pursuits, to whicli he 
 was devoted for many years. In 1858 he was elected 
 a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee oil 
 Patents ; re-elected to the Tliirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Library and on 
 Mileage ; and for a third term was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, when he was made Chairman 
 of the Committee on tlie Library, serving also on the 
 Committee on Mileage, and the Select Committee on 
 the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Delegate to the 
 " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, — Born in Boston, Janu- 
 ary 17, 1706 ; after various vicissitudes, when seven- 
 teen years of age he went to Philadelphia, and ac- 
 quired the trade of a printer ; with the help of Gov- 
 ernor Sir William Keith he visited England, where 
 he remained nearly two years ; on his return he be- 
 came a clerk, and then engaged in business on his 
 own account ; iu 1732 lie commenced the publication 
 of " Poor Richard's Almanac," which he continued 
 until 1737 : after that he established a newspaper, 
 aud held the various offices of State Printer, Clerk 
 of the General Assembly, and Postmaster of Phila- 
 delphia. He was the father and patron of the Phil- 
 osophical Society, and of the Pennsylvania Univer- 
 sity aud Hospital ; in 1741 he published the General 
 Murjiizine, and in 1744 he was elected to the Pro- 
 vincial Assembly, holding the office ten years. In 
 1758 he concluded a treaty with the Indians at Car- 
 lisle, and in the following year was sent to Albany, 
 New York, to meet a Congress of Commissioners to ar- 
 range means of defense against the Frendi and In- 
 dians. He subsequently became Postmaster-General 
 of America ; was sent to England as an advocate aud 
 agent for the province on two occasions, remaining 
 there eleven years ; on the breaking out of the 
 Revolution he returned to America, and took an ac- 
 tive and important part in public affairs; was a 
 signer of the Declaration of Independence, a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776 ; in 
 1778 he was sent to France in a diplomatic capacity, 
 where he remained until 1785 ; he was next elected 
 Governor of Pennsylvania, and was a member of the 
 Convention wbich formed the Federal Constitution, 
 and signed that instrument; and he died April 17, 
 1790. The qualities of his mind were remarkably 
 various, but he perhaps stood preeminent as a phi- 
 losopher and benefactor of mankind. Ue made im- 
 portant discoveries in electricity ; wrote and pub- 
 lished much on a variety of themes, and his " Life, 
 Writings, and Correspondence," issued in ten volumes, 
 are an important feature in all the best libraries of 
 the country. 
 
 Franklin, B, J. — Born in Mason County, Ken- 
 tucky ; educated at Bethany College, West Virginia ; 
 subsequently taught school ; studied law, and on 
 coming to the bar settled at Leavenworth in Kansas ; 
 in 1860 he removed to Missouri ; served in the Con- 
 federate Army as a Captain ; in 1871 he was elected 
 Circuit Attorney for the Twenty-fourth Circuit of the 
 State, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 155 
 
 Frniilklin, Jesse. — He was born in Surry 
 County, North Carolina, in 1758 ; served with credit 
 in the Revolutionary war, as a Major ; was a member 
 of the House of Delegates of that State in 17!)4 ; rep- 
 resented that State in Congress from 1795 to 1797, and 
 then returned to the Legislature. Froui 1799 to 1805, 
 and from 1807 to 1813, he was United States Senator, 
 officiating in the Eighth Congress as President jiro 
 tern, of the Senate; and, having been superseded by 
 F. Locke, in 1810, he was appointed Oy President 
 Madison a Commissioner to treat ■with the Chicka- 
 saws ; and was elected Governor of North Carolina in 
 1820. He died in Surry County, in 1833, aged sixty- 
 five years. 
 
 Ffanlilin. ,Tohii S. — He was bom in Worcester 
 County. Maryland, May 6, 1820 ; graduated at Jeffer- 
 son College, Pennsylvania, in 1830 ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; served in the State 
 Legislature of Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849, 
 when he was elected Speaker ; in 1851 he was chosen 
 President of the Board of Public Works of the State ; 
 Liud was a Representative in Congress from Maryland 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 FrnnkHn. Meshack, — A Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1807 to 1815. He 
 served in the House of Commons of that State in 1800, 
 and in the State Senate in 1828 and 1829. He was 
 also a member of the Executive Council of North 
 Carolina, and a Delegate to the Convention for revis- 
 ing the State Constitution. He died in Surry County, 
 December 18, 1839. 
 
 Franklin, Walter S.-=-He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and in 1833 he was elected Clerk of the 
 National House of Representatives, in which he 
 remained until 1838. 
 
 Fraser, Philip. — He was bom in Pennsylvania ; 
 adopted the profession of law and settled in Florida, 
 at Jacksonville ; and in 1862 he was appointed United 
 States Judge for the Northern District of Florida. 
 
 Frazier, Willi am C. — He was a citizen of 
 Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was bom in 1776 ; 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Territory 
 of Wisconsin ; and died at Milwaukee, October 18, 
 1888. 
 
 Freedley, •John. — He was born (according to an 
 interesting work published by E. T. Freedley, Esq.) 
 in Norristown, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
 May 32, 1793. He commenced life as a brickmaker ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; he 
 entered extensively into various kinds of business, 
 especially that of quarrjiug marble, and was success- 
 ful ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsvlvania from 1847 to 1851. He died December 
 8, 1851. 
 
 Freeman, Chapman. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, October 8, 1832 ; graduated at the high 
 school of his native city in 1850, having been 
 advanced six months for proficiency ; began the study 
 of law, but relinquished it to engage in mercantile 
 pursuits. He entered the navy as Assistant Paymas- 
 ter in 1863, and was attached to the blockading 
 squadrons in tlie North Atlantic and the Gulf of 
 Mexico ; was on board of the Iron Age at the time of 
 her destruction off the coast of North Carolina ; was 
 on special duty during the attacks on Newbern, Lit- 
 tle Washington, and Plymouth in 1864. In the latter 
 year he resigned on account of ill-health ; resumed 
 the study of law, came to the bar, and practiced in 
 Philadelphia ; was a Commissioner from that city to 
 the Austrian Exposition in 1873, and was elected a 
 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Freeman, Constant, — He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts, and in 1816 he was appointed Fourth Audi- 
 tor of the Treasury, though at that time called 
 " Accountant of the Navy," but in 1817 he received 
 the title of Auditor, and served as such uutU 1824. 
 
 Freeman, James C — He was born in Jones 
 County, Georgia, April 1,1820; received a common- 
 school education ; was a planter ; was a Union man 
 before, during, and since the war, and never held any 
 office before he was elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Land Claims. 
 
 Freeman, John D, — He was born in New 
 Jersey, and, having removed to Mississippi, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Freeman, Jonathan. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New Hampshire from 1797 to 
 1801. From 1789 to 1797 he was a State Councilor ; 
 from 1793 to 1808 one of the Overseers of Dartmouth 
 College ; and died in 1808, aged sixty-three years. 
 
 Freem a n, Natha n iel. — He was born at Dennis, 
 Massachusetts, in April, 1741, and died September 27, 
 1830. He graduated at Harvard University ; studied 
 medicine ; and was a patriot in the Revolutionary 
 war ; performed various services in the Legislature 
 and as a Brigadier-General of Militia ; he was also a 
 Judge of Probate for forty-seven years, and a Judge 
 of the Common Pleas for thirty years ; he was twice 
 married, and had twenty children ; and was a member 
 of Congress from Massachusetts from 1795 to 1799. 
 
 Freeman, Satnitel. — Bom in Portland, Prov- 
 ince of Massachusetts, June 15, 1743 ; was active and 
 
 zealous in the Revolutionary struggles ; in 1774 was 
 Secretary of the Cumberland County Convention ; 
 memljer of the Provincial Congress in 1775 ; and of 
 the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1776 
 and 1778. In 1775, on the re-organization of the Courts, 
 was appointed Clerk, and held that office forty-five 
 years ; was Register of Probate until commissioned 
 judge in 1804, continuing until 1830 ; Postmaster of 
 Portland from 1776 to 1805 ; an efficient friend 
 of Bowdoin College. Published " Town Officer," 
 American Clerks' Mugaziiie, " The Massachusetts 
 Justice," 8vo, 1803 ; " Probate Directory," 1803 ; and 
 edited the Journal of Rev. Thomas Smith in 1821. 
 Died in Portland, September 2, 1831. 
 
 Frclinf/hiii/sen, Frederick. — Born in New 
 Jersey, April 13, 1753 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1770. When twenty-two years of age he was 
 sent to the Continental Congress ; and as Captain of a 
 Volunteer Corps of Artillery he was at the battles of 
 Trenton and Monmouth, and it is said that it was he 
 who killed Khalle, the Hessian commander at Trenton. 
 He was a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1796, when 
 he resigned on account of domestic bereavements. He 
 stood among the first at the bar of New Jersey, and 
 held various State and County offices. He died April 
 13, 1804. 
 
 Frelitighnysen, Frederick T. — He was born 
 at Millsto^vn, Somerset County, New Jersey, August 
 4, 1817, and is the nephew and adopted sou of 
 Theodore Frelinghuysen ; graduated at Rutgers Col- 
 lege in 1836 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1839 ; was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey 
 in 1861, and re-appointed in 1866 ; and was subse- 
 quently appointed a Senator in Congress from New 
 Jersey for the unexpired term of William Wright, 
 deceased, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary 
 
156 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 and Pensions. In January, 1867, his appointment as 
 Senator was confirmed by the election of the Legisla- 
 ture, and his term terminated in 1869. The Com- 
 mittees upon which he served were those on Naval 
 Afiairs, the Judiciary, and Claims. He was re-elect- 
 ed to the Senate for the term ending in 1875, serving 
 on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and the 
 Judiciary, and as Chairman of the Agricultural Com- 
 mittee. In 1870 he was appointed Minister to England, 
 but declined. Ee^elected to the Senate for the term 
 ending in 1877. 
 
 Frelinghui/sen, TIieodore.—'Re was born in 
 Millstown, Somerset County, New Jersey, March 28, 
 1787, and was the son of Frederick, of the Continen- 
 tal Congress ; graduated at Princeton College, Nas- 
 sau Hall, in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1808 ; was Attorney-General of New Jer- 
 sey from 1818 to 1839 ; a Presidential Elector in 1839 ; 
 and a Senator in Congress from New Jersey, from 
 1839 to 1835. He was Chancellor of the University 
 of New York from 1839 to 1850, when he resigned ; 
 and while in that position was the candidate of the 
 Whig party for Vice-President upon the ticket with 
 Henry Clay. In 1850 he was"elected President of 
 Rutgers College, where he officiated until his death, 
 devoting much of his time and means to the benevo- 
 lent and educational interests of his native State, of 
 New York, and of the Union. He resided for many 
 years at Newark, New Jersey, and was Mayor of that 
 city in 1837 and 1838. He also served as President of 
 the American Temperance Union, of the American 
 Tract Society, the Board of Foreign Missions, and of 
 the American Bible Society, during his residence in 
 New York. In the church, he was for many years 
 recognized as a great leader in all tlie moral move- 
 ments of the country, and was universally beloved. 
 He had a rare command of thought and language, 
 and was considered an eloquent speaker. Died at 
 New Brunswick, New Jersey, April 13, 1863. 
 
 Fremont, John Charles. — Boru in Savannah, 
 Georgia, January 21, 1813. His father was an emi- 
 grant from France. He received a good education, 
 though left an orphan at four years of age ; and at 
 the age of seventeen he graduated at Charleston Col- 
 lege. From teaching mathematics he turned his at- 
 tention to civil engineering, and was recommended to 
 the Government for employment in the Mississippi 
 Survey. He was afterwards employed at Washing- 
 ton in constructing maps of that region. Having 
 received the commission of a Lieutenant of Engi- 
 neers, he proposed to tlie Secretary of War to pene- 
 trate tlie Rocky Mountains. His plan was approved, 
 and in 1843, with a few men, he explored the South 
 Pass. Impatient of quiet, he planned a new ex- 
 pedition to tlie Territory of Oregon. He approached 
 the Rocky Mountains by a new line, scaled the sum- 
 mits south of the South Pass, deflected to the Great 
 Salt Lake, and connected his survey with that of 
 Wilkes's Exploring Expedition. He also performed 
 another expedition, in which he revealed the grand 
 features of Alta California, its great basin, the Sierra 
 Nevada, the valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacra- 
 mento, and established the geography of the western 
 portion of the continent. In August, 1844, he was 
 planning a tliird expedition, while writing the history 
 of the second, and Ijefore its publication, in 1845, was 
 again on his way to the Pacific, collecting his moun- 
 tain comrades, to examine in detail the Asiatic slope 
 of the continent, which resulted in giving a new 
 volume of science to the world, and California to the 
 United States. After the conquest of California, in 
 which he bore a part, he was the victim of a quarrel 
 between two American commanders, and was stripped 
 of his commission by court-martial. The President re- 
 instated him, but he declined returning. He deter- 
 mined to retrieve his honor. One line more would 
 
 complete his survey — the route for a great road from 
 the Mississippi to San Francisco. Again he appeared 
 in the Far West. He refitted his expedition, and 
 started again ; pierced the country of the Apaches ; 
 met, awed, or defeated savage tribes ; and in a 
 hundred days from Santa Fe stood on the banks of , 
 the Sacramento. The people of California reversed 
 the judgment of the court-martial, and he was made 
 the first Senator of the Golden State, serving from 
 1849 to 1851. He was subsequently, in 1856, a candi- 
 date for President, in opposition to Mr. Buchanan, 
 and though he received a large vote, was defeated. 
 In 1861 he served in the Union army as a Major- 
 General ; and by the "Cleveland Convention" of 
 1864 was again nominated for the office of President 
 of the United States, and again defeated. 
 
 Fren ch. A, C. — He was bom in New Hampshire, 
 and after graduating at Harvard University, removed 
 to Illinois and entered into the public service of that 
 State in 1835. He was a lawyer by profession, and 
 was for several years the President of the Board of 
 Trustees of McEndree College, and Professor of Law 
 in that institution. He was Governor of niinoLs from 
 1846 to 1853. He died in Lebanon, Illinois, Septem- 
 ber 4, 1864. 
 
 French, Benjamin B. — He was bom in New 
 
 Hampshire ; removed to Washington City, and be- 
 came interested in politics ; in 1845 he was elected 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives, and held the 
 position until 1847 ; was greatly distinguished as a 
 member of the Masonic Fraternity ; and in 1853 he 
 was appointed Commissioner of Public Buildings iu 
 Washington, serving in that capacity many years. 
 Died a resident of Washington. 
 
 French, C. E. G. — He was an early emigrant to 
 California, and was appointed from that State, in 
 1875, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of Utah. 
 
 French, Ezra B. — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire ; received a common-school education ; settled 
 in Maine, and became Secretary of State ; and was a 
 Representative from Maine in the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Manufactures. He was also a member of the Peace 
 Congress of 1861. By President Lincoln he was ap- 
 pointed Second Auditor of the Treasury, and was 
 still in office in 1875. 
 
 French, John B. — Born in Gilmanton, New 
 Hampshire, May 28, 1819 ; was apprenticed to the 
 printing business ; published for five years the Uerald 
 of Freedom ; edited for two years the Eastern Journiil, 
 in Maine ; removed to Ohio in 1854, and there edited 
 newspapers called the Telegraph, the Press, and the 
 Clevelnnd Lender ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature 
 in 1858 and 18.59 ; in 1861 he was appointed a Govern- 
 ment Clerk in Washington ; in 1864 a Tax Commis- 
 sioner for North Carolina ; was a Delegate to the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; and was 
 elected a Representative from North Carolina to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 War Department. 
 
 French, Bichard. — ^He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky ; was a lawyer by profession ; became a prom- 
 inent Judge in tliat State, and the town of French- 
 burg was named for him. He was a member of the 
 Legislature from Clark County in 1820 and 1823 ; and 
 a Presidential Elector for Jackson in 1829 ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837 ; and 
 again from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Frey, Joseph, — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 157 
 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 
 I from 1837 to 1831. 
 
 I 
 
 I Fricli, Henry. — Bom in Northumberland Coim- 
 
 1 ty, Pennsylvania, in 1795 ; was educated as a printer ; 
 1)ecame an editor of a newspaper at Milton ; served 
 for three sessions in the State Legislature ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania at 
 the time of his death, which occurred at Washington 
 aty, March 1, 1844. 
 
 Fries, George, — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, 
 and for a second term ending in 1849. Died Novem- 
 ber 13, 1866. 
 
 Fromenfin, Elighis. — A Senator of the United 
 States from Louisiana from 1813 to 1819. In 1821 he 
 was Judge of the Criminal Court of New Orleans, and 
 was appointed Judge of the Western District of Flor- 
 ida. He shortly resigned his office and returned to 
 the practice of law at New Orleans ; where he died of 
 the yellow fever, October 6, 1823. 
 
 Frost, Edivard. — He was bom in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, in 1801 ; received a good education ; 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1823 ; was elected 
 to the State Legislature ; and from 1843 to 1853 he 
 was a Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina ; 
 and died in Charleston, July 23, 1868. 
 
 Frost, George.— Born April 26, 1730 ; in 1740 he 
 left the counting-house of his uncle. Sir William Pep- 
 perrill, at Kittery Point, Maine, and entered one 
 of his vessels as supercargo, following the sea for 
 about twenty years ; and, becoming a partner with 
 General Richards of London, sailed to and from that 
 port. About 1760 he returned to New Castle and re- 
 sided there for four years, and then fixed his resi- 
 dence in Durham. lie was Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas of Stafford County, from 1773 to 1791 ; 
 and was for many years Chief Justice. He was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 
 1779, and Councilor from 1781 to 1784. Died June 
 21, 1796. His father was a commander in the Royal 
 Navy. 
 
 Frost, fjoel. — He was bom in New York ; served 
 in the State Assembly in 1806 and 1808, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 
 to 1825. 
 
 Frost, Hufiis S. — Born in Marlborough, New 
 Hampshire, July 18, 1826 ; removed to Boston in 1838 ; 
 was educated in the public schools and Newton Acad- 
 emy ; began mercantile life as a clerk, and entered 
 the dry goods commission business, which he has 
 since followed successfully ; was elected Mayor of 
 Chelsea in 1867, and re-elected in 1868 with only five 
 votes against him ; was State Senator in 1871 and 
 1873 ; was a member of the Governor's Council in 
 1873 and 1874 ; was for many years a Director of the 
 North National Bank of Boston, and a Trustee of the 
 Boston Five Cent Savings Bank. He built a fire-proof 
 building in his native town, placed in it a library of 
 valuable books, and presented it to the town, with the 
 condition that it should be for the free use of the in- 
 habitants. In 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 to the Forty-fourth Congress from Massachusetts. 
 
 Fry, Jacob, ./>•.— He was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1835 to 1839. He was at one 
 time Auditor-General of the State, and died atNorris- 
 town, Pennsylvania, November 28, 1866. 
 
 Frye, Will icon P. — He was bom in Lewiston, 
 
 Maine, September 2, 1831 ; graduated at Bowdoin Col- 
 lege in 1850 ; studied and practiced law ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature in 1861, 1862, and 1867 ; 
 Mayor of Le^viston in 1866 and 1867 ; Attornev-Gen- 
 erai of the State in 1867, 1868, and 1869, and was 
 elected to the Forty-second, and two following Con- 
 gresses, serving on several Committees, and as Chair- 
 man of that on the Library. 
 
 Fuller, liartholomew. — Hefwas bom in North 
 Carolina, and in 1859 he was appointed from that 
 State Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, serving as such 
 unta 1861. 
 
 Fuller. Jienoni Sthison. — Bom in Warrick 
 County, Indiana, November 13, 1825 ; raised on a farm 
 and received a common-school education, and after 
 reaching his twenty-first year he became a school- 
 teacher. In 1856 he was elected a County Sheriff, and 
 re-elected in 18.58 ; in 1862 he was elected to the State 
 Senate, serving four years ; in 1866 and 1868 to the 
 Legislature ; in 1870 and 1872 to the Senate for a 
 second and third term, and was then elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Fuller, George. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Fuller, Henry 31. — He was born in Bethany, 
 Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 3, 1820 ; grad- 
 uated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1839 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; in 1848 
 was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1853, and from 1855 to 1857. Died in 
 Philadelphia, December 26, 1860. 
 
 Fuller, tTerome. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Minnesota ; and in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for that Territory. 
 
 Fuller, Philo C — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1830 ; a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837 ; the 
 Second Postmaster-General, from 1841 to 1843 ; Comp- 
 troller of New York in 1851 ; and died at Geneva, 
 August 16, 1855. 
 
 Fuller, Tliomas J. D. — He was bom in Hard- 
 wick, Caledonia County, Vermont, March 17, 1808 ; 
 was left an orjjhan when seven years of age ; spent 
 his boyhood and youth upon a farm ; on attaining 
 manhood, studied and adopted the profession of law, 
 having been admitted to the bar in 1833 ; and remov- 
 ing to Maine was elected State Attorney for his coun- 
 ty for three years ; was elected a Representative from 
 Maine to the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, Thirty-third, 
 and Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving as an active 
 member of the Committee on Commerce. In 1857 he 
 was appointed by President Buchanan Second Auditor 
 of the Treasury, which office he held until 1861. 
 
 Fuller, Timothy. — ^He was born at Chilmark, 
 Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, July 11, 1778, and 
 graduated at Harvard Universitv in 1801 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Massachusetts Senate from 1813 to 1817 
 Speaker of the Lower House in 1825 ; again a State 
 Representative in 1881 ; a State Councilor in 1831 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from Massa 
 chusetts from 1817 to 1825 ; and died at Groton, MaS' 
 sachusetts, October, 1, 1835, aged fifty-seven years. 
 He was the father of the distinguished authoress. 
 Sarah Margaret Fuller. 
 1 
 
 I Fuller, William li.. — He was a member of 
 ! the Assembly of New York in 1829 and 1830 ; at one 
 
158 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 time Adjutant-General of the State Militia ; and from now known as Arizona, for ten million dollars. Died 
 
 1833 to 1837 a Rejjresentative in Congress. 
 
 FiiUerton, Dai'Ul. — Bom in 1771 ; was for sev- 
 eral years a member of the State Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania ; and represented that State in Congress from 
 1819 to 1820, when he resigned. He died at Greencas- 
 tle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1843. 
 
 Fulton, Antlreiv S. — He wa.s bom in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative iu Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Fiifton, John II. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1833 to 1835, and died at 
 Abington, January 28, 1836. 
 
 Fulton, William S. — He was bom in Cecil 
 County, Maryland, June 2, 179.5 ; graduated at Balti- 
 more College iu 1813, and commenced the study of 
 law with William Pinckney ; but before coming of 
 age he served with great credit in a Volunteer com- 
 pany, which was assigned to the defense of Fort Mc- 
 Henry. He was Aid to Colonel^Armistead, taking 
 charge of his company during the illness of that com- 
 mander, and returned ^^dth them to the city of Balti- 
 more. After peace was restored in 1815, he removed 
 to Tennessee with his father's family, and resumed 
 the study of law with Felix Grundy. In 1818 he vol- 
 unteered with the Nashville Guards, and was Private 
 Secretary to General Jackson during the Florida cam- 
 paign. He settled in Alabama for the practice of law, 
 and was appointed by President Jackson, in 1829, Sec- 
 retary of the Territory of Arkansas, and in 1835 Gov- 
 ernor of the same, which office he held until the 
 Territory was admitted into the Union as a State, 
 when he was elected a Senator from Arkansas, from 
 183G to 1844. He died at Rosewood, near Little Rock, 
 Arkansas, August 15, 1844. 
 
 Furnass, R. JF. — He was Governor of Nebraska 
 from 1873 to 1875. 
 
 Omtlsden, Christopher, — He was born in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, in 1724 ; and was a Dele- 
 gate from that State to the Continental Congress from 
 1774 to 1776 ; having previously been elected to the 
 New York Congress of 1765, to petition against the 
 Stamp Act. During the siege of Charleston, in 1780, 
 he was taken prisoner and confined for some months 
 at St. Augustine. A parole was offered him, but he 
 declined to accept ; and on his release by exchange, 
 he was elected Governor of the State, but declined to 
 serve on account of his age. He died August 28, 
 1805. His grandson, bearing the same name, was 
 the third Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina. 
 
 Oodsdcn, ,Tame.s. — Born in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, May 15, 1788 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1806 ; engaged in commercial pursuits till the War 
 of 1812, when he was Lieutenant of Engineers, and 
 served in Canada ; was confidential aid to General 
 Jackson after the war. and accompanied him in the 
 Seminole War in 1818, in which he distinguished 
 himself and was made Captain, having charge of the 
 construction of works for the defense of the Gulf fron- 
 tier. On October 19, 1820, was appointed Inspector- 
 General of the Army, with rank of Colonel ; after 
 the reduction of the army in 1822, he was relieved, 
 and assisted Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, for sev- 
 eral months. He then became a planter in Florida ; 
 was a member of the Territorial Council, and as Com- 
 missioner effected a treaty for the removal of the 
 Seminoles from Northern to Southern Florida ; and 
 was afterward occupied in commerce and rice culture 
 near Charleston. He was appointed Minister to Mex- 
 ico in 1853, and negotiated the " Gadsden Purchase," 
 4 
 
 in Charleston, December 26, 1858. 
 
 Gaffe, 'Jofihiia. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1819, hav- 
 ing been a member of the Legislature from 1805 to 
 1808, in 1813, 1814, 1820, and 1821 ; and was a State 
 Councilor in 1822 and 1823. 
 
 Gaillard, ,Tohn. — A Senator of the United 
 States from South Carolina from 1804 to 1826. He 
 voted for the War of 1812, and was repeatedly called 
 to preside over the Senate in the absence of the Vice- 
 President. He died at Washington, February 26, 
 1826. 
 
 Gaillard, Theodore, — He was one of the 
 
 earliest Judges of the United States Circuit Court, 
 having been appointed to it and made Chief Justice 
 in 1801 of the Fifth Circuit ; and in 1813 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Jefferson a District Judge of the 
 United States for Louisiana, thereby making a trans- 
 fer of position which is not common among the Ju- 
 diciary. 
 
 Gaines, ,Iohn F, — He was bom in Kentucky ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1849 ; and was subsequently appointed 
 Governor of Oregon Territory. He served as a Major 
 in the Mexican War as Aid to General Scott, and suf- 
 fered imprisonment. Died in Oregon in 1858. 
 
 Gaither, Nathan. — He was bom in Kentucky ; 
 adopted the medical profession ; was a member of 
 the State Legislature from Adair County in 1815, 
 1816, 1817, and 1818 ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1829 ; was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of the State in 1849 ; and again a Presidential 
 Elector in 1861. 
 
 Galbraith, .John, — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; was bred a lawyer ; served several terms in 
 the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 
 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Died at Erie, 
 June 15, 1860, while holding the office of United 
 States President Judge for the Sixth District of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 Gale, George, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1791, and was 
 one of those who voted to locate the Seat of Govern- 
 ment on the Potomac. 
 
 Gale, Levin. — He was bom in Maryland, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1827 to 1829. 
 
 Gale, William H, — He was appointed an As- 
 sociate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of Colorado. 
 
 Gales, .Toseph. — He was born in Eckington, 
 England, April 10, 1786, and his father, bearing the 
 same name, was a printer, a personal friend of the 
 poet Montgomery ; and after coming to Philadelphia 
 in 1792, became the first reporter of proceedings in 
 the American Congress, and in 1799 founded the 
 Rnleicih Register in North Carolina. The son went 
 with his father to Raleigh ; obtained a good educa- 
 tion, acquired the art of stenography, and a knowledge 
 of printing affairs ; went to VVashington City in 1807, 
 and joined as an assistant the Intelligencer, which was 
 a new name for the Oazettefr, established by the father 
 in Philadelphia, and was removed with the Govern- 
 ment ; he became one of the proprietors in 1809, and 
 from that time until his death, in conjunction with 
 his brother-in-law, William W. Seaton, was the rul- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 159 
 
 ing spirit of the great journal known to the tvorld as 
 T/ie Nationnl TnteUigenrer. He also held many local 
 offices of trust and honor, and was repeatedly chosen 
 Mayor of Washington. For many years he was, with 
 Mr. Seaton, the official publisher of the General Gov- 
 ernment, while the Firm, as men, political writers, 
 and public printers wielded a power throughout the 
 Republic which was never equaled in the United 
 States. For a full account of Gales and Seaton and 
 the NntioKfil InteVigenrer, from the pen of the ju-esent 
 editor, see Atlantic Monthly for October, 1860, and 
 " Hajihazard Personalities." The death of Joseph 
 Gales occurred in Washington, July 31, 1860. 
 
 Gallaher, John S. — He was appointed Third 
 Auditor of the Treasury in 1849 ; and re-appointed in 
 1850, remaining in office until 18.53. 
 
 Oaf/afhi, Albert, — Born at Geneva, January 20, 
 1761 ; graduated at the University of his native city 
 in 1770, and, during the next year, emigrated to 
 America. He commenced his career in Maine, then a 
 part of Massachusetts, having been placed in com- 
 mand of a small fort at Machias, and, while there, he 
 furnished funds of his own to American troops, and 
 acted as a volunteer also. He was appointed a tutor 
 at Harvard University in 1783, and removed to Penn- 
 sylvania in 1783, where he acted a prominent part in 
 the State Convention of 1789, and served in the lower 
 branch of the Legislature in 1790 and 1791. He also 
 spent several years in Virginia, and in that State took 
 the oath of allegiance. In 1793 he was elected a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Pennsylvania, but his seat was 
 vacated, in 1794, by a resolution of the Senate, on the 
 ground of want of citizenship for a sufficient length of 
 time ; and soon after, without his knowledge, he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania, serving from 1795 to 1801. He was, in the lat- 
 ter year, appointed Secretary of the Treasury, under 
 President Jefferson, and, as an executive Councilor, 
 and subsequently diplomatist and statesman, he ob- 
 tained a very high reputation. In 1813 he went to 
 St. Petersburg as one of the Envoys Extraordinary 
 to negotiate with Great Britain, under the mediation 
 of Russia, and, during the following year, with 
 Adams, B.iyard, Clay, and Russell, signed the Treaty 
 of Oh.ent. He assisted, also, in concluding the Com- 
 mercial Convention with England at London, in 1815, 
 and resided at Paris, as Minister of the United States, 
 from 1816 to 1833. In 1837 he obtained full indemni- 
 fication from England for injuries sustained by our 
 citizens, for violating the Treaty of Ghent. Presi- 
 dent Madison offered him a seat in his Cabinet as Sec- 
 retary of State ; President Monroe offered him the 
 post of Secretary of the Navy ; and he was also nomi- 
 nated for Vice-President ; all which honors he de- 
 clined. In 1838 he became a citizen of New York, 
 and took an active part in promoting the literary and 
 commercial interests of the Empire City and of the 
 Union at large. In 1831 he was a member of the 
 " Free Trade Convention," and drew up the memorial 
 to Congress, which embodies the views of the Demo- 
 cratic party ; he was President of the National Bank 
 of New York, and also of the New York Historical 
 Society, and the Ethnological Society, and advocated 
 the establishment of the New York University ; and, 
 just before his death, became identified with the 
 Smithsonian Institution. He was a fine scholar, and 
 published many papers on the Currency and Finance, 
 on Indian Languages, and other important suljjects. 
 He died at Astoria, Long Island, August 13, 1849. 
 
 GaUegos, ,Tosi M. — Was born in Rio Arriba 
 County, New Mexico, November 14, 1815 ; was edu- 
 cated at the Academy of Taos ; studied theology at 
 the College of Durango, Mexico, where he graduated 
 in 1840 : was a member of the Legislative Assembly 
 of Mexico in 1843, 1844, 1845, and 1846 ; a member of 
 
 the first Legislative .Assembly of the Territory of New 
 Mexico in 18.50 and 1851 ; elected as Delegate to Con- 
 gress in 1854 ; was Speaker of the Territorial House 
 of Representatives in 1860, 1861, and 1863 ; Quarter- 
 Master-General of the Territorial Militia, and Treas- 
 urer of the Territory for five years ; was made prisoner 
 of war by the Texas Confederate troops, in 1863, and 
 subjected to close confinement ; was Superintendent 
 of Indian Affairs in New Mexico, in 1868 ; and was 
 elected Delegate to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 GdUoivay, ,Toseph. — He was born in 1780 ; 
 was a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania in 
 1764, officiating as Speaker; was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775, and a signer 
 of the Declaration of Independence; but subsequent- 
 ly deserted the American cause and joined the British 
 in New York. In 1779 he was examined before the 
 House of Commons, and his testimony was not cred- 
 ita))lc to the British commander in .\merica. Died 
 in England in 1803. He was the author of a number 
 of political pamphlets bearing upon the conduct and 
 the consequences of the war, which were published 
 in Loudon, and attracted much attention. 
 
 Galloway, Samuel. — He was born in Gettys- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, in 1811 ; removed to Ohio in 
 1819; graduated at the Miami University in 1833; 
 was also a Professor in that institution, as well as 
 Hanover College in Indiana ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1843 ; wns at one time Secretary of 
 State ; and elected a Representative in the Tliirty- 
 fourtli Congress. He was a benevolent man, and 
 noted for his eloquence as an orator. 
 
 Gallitp, Albert. — He was at one time Sheriff of 
 AUiany County, New York ; a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1837 to 1841 ; and was 
 appointed by President Polk Collector of Albany. 
 He died at Providence, November, 1851. 
 
 Galtishn, Jonas. — He was born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut, in 1753 ; was a Revolutionary soldier, 
 and served at Bennington, Vermont ; was a member 
 of the Council from 1793 to 1798. and again from 
 1801 to 1805 ; was a member of the General Assera- 
 Ijly in 1800; and Judge of the State Supremo Court 
 from 1795 to 1797, and from 1800 to 1806 ; Governor of 
 Vermont from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1830. 
 Died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, October 8, 1834. 
 
 Gamble. ITawilfon K. — He was an activemem- 
 ber of the Constitutional Convention of Missouri at 
 the opening of tlie Rclu'llion in 1861, and was made 
 Acting and Provisional Governor of that State, when 
 the regular Governor, C. F. Jackson, joined the Con- 
 federacy. Died January 31, 1874. 
 
 Gamble, James. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Gamble, Jtoger li. — Was a member of the 
 House of Representatives in Congress from Georgia 
 from 1833 to 1835, and from 1841 to 1843; and after- 
 wards Judge of the Superior Coitrt of that State. He 
 died December 30, 1847. 
 
 Gannett, JBarzilla. — He graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1785 ; served four years in the State 
 Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1809 to 1811. 
 
 Gan nt, E. W. — He was born in Tennessee, March 
 17, 1833 ; received a good education ; removed to Ar- 
 kansas in 1850; was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress in 1860, but does not appear to have taken his 
 seat ; in 1878 he prepared a digest of the laws of Ar- 
 
IGO 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 kansas ; and soon afterwards was appointed Commis- 
 sioner to the Centennial Exliibition. He died at 
 home, June 10, 1874. 
 
 Gansevoort, Leonard. — He was a Delegate 
 from New York to the Continental Congress in 1787 
 and 1788. 
 
 Ganson, John, — He was born in Le Roy, Gene- 
 see County, New York, January 1, 1818 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1839 : adopted the profession of 
 law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1862 ; 
 and was elected a Representative from New York to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to the 
 "Chicago Convention" of 1864. Died in Buffalo, 
 New York, September 28, 1874. 
 
 Garber, Silas. — He was elected Governor of 
 Nebraska in 1875, for the term ending in 1877. 
 
 Gardenier, JBarent. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1807 to 1811. 
 
 Gardner, Charles S.— Born in Morris County, 
 New Jersey, in 1787; was Ensign in the Sixth In- 
 fantry in 1808 ; Captain in 1813 ; Brigade-Major in 
 1812 ; Assistant Adjutant-General in 1813 ; Major 
 of Twenty-fifth Infantry in 1813; Adjutant-General 
 in 1814 ; Brevet Lieutenant - Colonel for distin- 
 guished service in 1815 ; Major of Third Infantry, 
 and Adjutant -General of Division of the North; 
 resigned in 1818. He was in the battles of Cliryst- 
 lers Fields, Chippewa, and Niagara, and at the 
 siege and defense of Fort Erie. In 1822 and 1823 he 
 edited the New York Patnot ; was the author of a 
 " Compendium of Infantry Tactics" in 1819; "Dic- 
 tionary of the Army of the United States," in 1853 : 
 Second Edition, 1860. He was Senior Assistant Post- 
 master-General in 1829 ; Auditor of the Treasury 
 from 1836 to 1841 ; Postmaster at Washington City 
 from 1845 to 1849 ; Surveyor-General of Oregon from 
 1849 to 1853 ; and was afterwards in the Treasury De- 
 partment at Washington until 1867. He was the 
 father of General Frank Gardner, who surrendered 
 Port Hudson to the Federal Army in 1863. Died in 
 Washington, November 1 , 1869. 
 
 Gardner, Francis. — He was born in Leomin- 
 ster, Massachusetts, December 27, 1771 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College; was a Representative in Congress 
 from New Hampshire from 1807 to 1809 ; and died at 
 Roxbury, Massachusetts, June 25, 1835. 
 
 Gardner, Gideon. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Massachusetts from 1809 to 1811. 
 
 Gardner, Henry J, — He was Governor of 
 
 Massachusetts from the year 1855 to 1858. 
 
 Gardner, Joseph. — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1784 
 and 1785. 
 
 Garfield, James A. — He was born in Orange, 
 Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November 19, 1831 ; gradu- 
 ated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1856, 
 and adopted the 'profession of law ; in 1859 and 1860 
 he was a member of the Ohio Senate ; in 1861 he en- 
 tered the army as Colonel of the Forty-second Regi- 
 ment of Volunteers ; was appointed a Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral in 1862, the day that he fought in the battle of 
 Middle Creek, Kentucky. He subsequently served at 
 Shiloh, Corinth, and in Alabama, and early in 1863 
 he was appointed Chief of Staff to General Rosecrans, 
 with whom he served up to the battle of Chicka- 
 mauga. In 1862 he was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
 
 a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Be- 
 fore taking his seat in Congress he was appointed a 
 Major-General of Volunteers "for gallant and meri- 
 torious services in the battle of Chickamauga, Geor- 
 gia, from September 19. 1863." Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Ways and Means, that on the Postal Railroad to New 
 York, and as Chairman of that on a Bureau of Edu- 
 cation ; and also as Regent of the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelidiia 
 "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and to the "Sol- 
 diers' Convention " held in Pittsburg ; and was re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old Com- 
 mittees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs. Re-elected to the four succeeding Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committees on 
 Banking and Currency, the Census, and the Commit- 
 tee on Appropriations, and as Regent of the Smith- 
 sonian Institution. In 1872 he received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Williams College. 
 
 Garfielde, Selucius. — He was born in Shoreham, 
 Vermont, December 8, 1822 ; removed to Kentucky in 
 early life ; educated at Augusta College, read law. 
 and admitted to the bar ; in 1849 elected a member of 
 the Convention to revise the State Constitution ; 
 spent the following year in South America ; emi- 
 grated to California in 1851 ; was elected a member 
 of the Legislature of that State in 1852, and in 1853 
 was selected to codify the laws of the State ; returned 
 to Kentucky in 1854 ; was a member of the Cincin- 
 nati National Convention in 1856 ; an Elector in that 
 canvass; removed to Washington Territory in 1857, 
 where he filled the position of Receiver of Public 
 Moneys to 1860 ; was Surveyor-General from 1866 to 
 1869, when he was elected a Delegate to the Forty- 
 first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second 
 Congress. 
 
 Garland, A, H, — Born in Tipton County, Ten- 
 nessee, June 11, 1833 ; was taken to Arkansas in the 
 following year ; graduated at St. Joseph's College, 
 Bardstowu, Kentucky, in 1849 ; studied law, and after 
 coming to the bar settled at Little Rock ; he opposed 
 the early movements of the Rebellion, but finally 
 joined his State in the Southern cause ; he served in 
 the Confederate Congress ; was subsequently chosen 
 to the United States Senate, but refused admission : in 
 1874 he was for a short time Acting Secretary of State 
 of Arkansas ; and soon afterwards he was elected 
 Governor of Arkansas. 
 
 Garland, David S. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1811. Died 
 in October, 1841. 
 
 Garland, Hugh A. — Born in Nelson County, 
 Virginia, June 1, 1805, and was grandson of General 
 John Garland ; graduated at Hampden Sidney Col- 
 lege in 1825 ; was Professor of Greek in that college 
 for five years ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1831 ; served five years in the State Legislature ; was 
 Clerk of the National House of Representatives from 
 1838 to 1841 ; acquired a competence by his profes- 
 sion, but by various misfortunes was reduced to pov- 
 erty ; when in his fortieth year, he removed to Mis- 
 souri, and was again successful in his profession ; 
 and two books that he published, the Lives of Johu 
 Randolph and Thomas Jefferson, were eminently 
 successful. He died at St. Louis, October 14, 1854. 
 His son, bearing his name, was killed in one of the 
 battles of Tennessee during the Rebellion, wliilst 
 fighting against the Union. 
 
 Garland, James. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 161 
 
 Garland, Hice. — He was born in Virginia, and, 
 having t.alieu up his residence in Louisiana, was a 
 Eepresentative in Congress from that State from 1834 
 to 1840, having resigned to become Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court of Louisiana. 
 
 Garnett, tfarnes 31. — Born at Elmvrood, in Es 
 sex County, Virginia, .June 8, 1770. He served for 
 several years as a member of the Legislature of his 
 native State, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1805 to 1809. He was a member 
 of the Convention assembled at Richmond in 1829 to 
 revise the Constitution of Virginia. He was inter- 
 ested in the cause of education, and devoted to the 
 pursuits of agriculture, having presided over the 
 Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg for more than 
 twenty years, and toiled laboriously for the forma- 
 tion of a National Agricultural Society. He died at 
 Elmwood, May, 1843, aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Garnett, Miiscoe li. H. — He was bom in Es- 
 sex County, Virginia ; was educated at the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia, and studied law as a profession ; he 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the 
 State in 1850 ; a member of the House of Delegates in 
 1853, 1854, 1855, and 1856, and during the latter 
 session was Chairman of the Committee on Finance. 
 He was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress as a Repre- 
 sentative from Virginia, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Claims, and also elected to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress. He was a Delegate to the Democratic 
 Conventions at Baltimore and Cincinnati, in 1852 and 
 1856. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Garnett, Mobert S. — He was a native of Essex 
 County, Virginia, and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1817 to 1837. 
 
 GarnKei/, Daniel G. — He was born in Saratoga 
 County, New York, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1825 to 1830. 
 
 Garrard, James, — Born in Stafford County, 
 Virginia, January 14, 1749 ; was an otBcer of the Rev- 
 olution ; afterward a member of the Legislature of 
 Virginia, where he was an advocate of the Religious 
 Freedom Bill, and was one of the first settlers of Ken- 
 .tucky. In 1783 he settled near Paris, Bourbon Coun- 
 ty, and was often a member of the Kentucky Legisla- 
 ture. He was Governor of Kentucky from 1796 to 
 1804. Died at Mount Lebanon, Bourbon County, Jan- 
 uary 19, 1833. The hero of the battle of " Wild Cat," 
 in 1803, was one of his sons. 
 
 Garrett, Abraham E. — He was born in Over- 
 ton, March 6, 1830 ; received his education in country 
 schools and at Poplar Spring College, Kentucky ; 
 studied law, but is a farmer ; served in tlie army dur- 
 ing the war ; was elected to the Legislature of Ten- 
 nessee in 1865, and to the State Senate in 1867, and 
 was elected to the Forty-second Congress as a Demo- 
 crat, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Garrison, Daniel. — He was born in Salem 
 County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Gar row, Nathaniel. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829. 
 
 Gartlin, Alfred. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina ; graduated at the University of that State ; and 
 was a Eepresentative in Congress from North Caro- 
 lina from 1823 to 1835. 
 
 Gartrell, Lnciiis J'. — Born in Wilkes County, 
 Georgia, January 7, 1831 ; educated at Randolph Ma- 
 con College, Virginia, and Franklin College, Athens, 
 11 
 
 Georgia ; adopted the profession of law ; and in 1848 
 was elected, by the General Assembly of Georgia, 
 Solicitor-General of the Northern Judicial Circuit. 
 He resigned in 1847, on being elected a Representa- 
 tive to the Legislature, and was re-elected in 1849 ; 
 was a Presidential Elector for the State of Georgia in 
 1856 ; and in 1857 was elected a Representative in the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress from Georgia. He was one of 
 the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a 
 member of the Committee on Expenditures in the 
 Treasury Department ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. 
 Withdrew in 1861, and retired to Georgia. 
 
 Garvin, Jf'illiam S. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Gaston, Willium. — Born in Newbem, North 
 Carolina, September 19, 1778. His early education 
 was conducted by his mother ; advanced at the Cath- 
 olic College of Georgetown, District of Columbia ; 
 and he graduated at Princeton College in 1796. He 
 studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1798. He 
 served a number of years in the State Legislature, 
 one term as Speaker ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1813 to 1817. In 
 183-1 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court, 
 and in 1835 was a member of the State Convention to 
 amend the Constitution. He continued on the bench 
 until the time of his death, which occurred January 
 33, 1844. He was an able and successful lawyer, and 
 an upright judge, had a taste for polite literature, 
 and is remembered in North Carolina as one of its 
 most distinguished citizens. He was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1808, and later in life received from Prince- 
 ton the degree of Doctor of Laws, and the same honor 
 from four other institutions of learning. 
 
 Gates, Seth Merrill, — He was born in Winfield, 
 Herkimer County, New York, October 16, 1800 ; was 
 self-educated ; studied law, and commenced practice 
 in 1837 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1832, 
 declining a re-election ; in 1838 he purchased and be- 
 came editor of the Le Boy Onzette; was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Twenty-sixth 
 Congress, and was elected to the Twenty -seventh Con- 
 gress. In his jiaper and in Congress he advocated the 
 right of petition, and on account of his hostility tc 
 slavery a reward of five hundred dollars was offered 
 by a southern planter for his person. At the close of 
 the Twenty-seventh Congress he drew up a protest 
 against the annexation of Texas, which was signed 
 by twenty-two Representatives — John Quincy Adams 
 heading the list of names. In 1848 he was the Free- 
 soil candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of New York; 
 and he has been a resident of the "Old Genesee" 
 District for fifty -eight years. 
 
 Gaase, Lvcien Cotesworth. — Born at Laurel 
 Hill Place, Brunswick County, North Carolina, Da- 
 cember 35, 1838 ; removed with his father to Lauder- 
 dale County, Tennessee, when quite young ; was edu- 
 cated at a county school until sixteen years of age, and 
 then at the University of Virginia; studied law at 
 Cumberland University, Tennessee ; graduated there, 
 and removed to Jacksonport, Arkansas, to practice, 
 in 1859 ; enlisted in the infantry service of the Con- 
 federate Army in 1861 ; rose to the rank of Colonel, 
 and surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana, May 36, 
 1865 ; returned to Jacksonport in July, and resumed 
 the practice of law ; in 1866 served one term in the 
 General Assembly, and was appointed one of the State 
 Commissioners to visit Washington, in support of the 
 existing State Government ; was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress in 1873 by the Democrats, but his 
 seat was contested by his competitor, and the case 
 was never determined. In 1874 he was elected to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
162 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Onifurrr, Charles E, A. — Bom in Louisiana, 
 January 3, 1805 ; educated at the College of New 
 Orleans ; in 1826 he went to Philadelphia and studied 
 law ; was admitted to the bar in 1829, and returned 
 home ; in 1830 he was elected to the Legislature ; in 
 1831 was appointed Deputy Attorney-General ; in 1833 
 Presiding Judge of the City Court of New Orleans ; 
 and in 1835 he was elected a Senator in Congress, but 
 ill health prevented him from taking his seat. He 
 went to Europe, where he spent a number of years, 
 and on liis return, in 184:1 was again returned to 
 the State Legislature ; and in 1846 he was appointed 
 Secretary' of State, in which capacity he served seven 
 years. As an author he has acquired a high position, 
 his leading works being as follows: "History of 
 Louisiana," " Romance of the History of Louisiana," 
 " Spanish Domination in Louisiana," a dramatic nov- 
 el called " The School of Politics," and a work on 
 " The Influence of the Mechanic Arts." 
 
 Gayle. John. — Bom in Sumter District, South 
 Carolina, September 11, 1792 ; educated at South Car- 
 olina College ; and emigrated to Alabama in 1813. In 
 1817 lie -was appointed a member of the Territorial 
 Legislature ; was Solicitor of the First Judicial Dis- 
 trict on the organization of the State GoTernment ; and 
 in 1823 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State; in 1829 was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 was Speaker of the House. In 1831 was elected Gov- 
 ernor, and re-elected iu 18:33. He was Presidential 
 Elector in 1836 and in 1840, and in 1847 was elected 
 from Jlobile County a Representative in Congress. In 
 1849 he was appointed Judge of the United States 
 District Court of Alabama, and died near Mobile, July 
 21, 1859. 
 
 Gaylord, Aiignstiin S. — He was, born in 1825 ; 
 a successful lawyer in Michigan for many years ; 
 from which he was appointed, in November, 1875, an 
 Assistant Attorney-General of the United States. 
 
 Gaylord, Jamea M. — He was born in Ohio, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Gazh'Xl, James If. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825. 
 
 Gear If, John Jf. — Bom in Westmoreland Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, about 1820 ; taught school ; was a 
 merchant's clerk in Pittsburg ; afterwards studied at 
 Jefferscm College and became a civil engineer, and 
 ■was several years connected with the Alleghany Por- 
 tage Railroad ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Roberts' 
 Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Mexican 
 War, and commanded his regiment at Cliajniltepec, 
 where he was wounded, but resumed his command 
 the same day at the attack on Belen Gate ; for meri- 
 torious conduct on that occasion, was made first Com- 
 mander of the city of Mexico after its capture, and 
 Colonel of his regiment. In 1849 he removed to Cali- 
 fornia and was Postmaster of San Francisco ; was 
 first Alcalde of that city and its first Mayor. In 1852 
 returned to his farm at Westmoreland Countv, Penn- 
 sylvania. From July, 1856, to March, 1857, was Gov- 
 ernor of Kansas. In 1861 returned to Pennsylvania 
 and raised and equipped the Twenty-eighth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers; commanded in several engagements 
 in that year. Occupied Leesburg. Virginia, in March, 
 1862 ; was Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1862 ; 
 was wounded in the arm at Cedar Mountain ; led the 
 Second Division of the Twelfth Corps at Fredericks- 
 burg, Cliancellorsville. and Gettysburg in 1803 ; com- 
 manded the Second Division of 'the Twentieth Coqis 
 in Sherman's Georgia and South Carolina campaigns ; 
 appointed Military Governor of Savannah on its cap- 
 ture in 1864 ; and was chosen Governor of Pennsyl- 
 
 vania in 1867. Died at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 
 February 8, 1873. 
 
 GehJiard, John. — He was born in Claverack, 
 New York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1821 to 1823. 
 
 Gedfles, James. — Born near Carlisle, Pennsyl- 
 vania, July 22, 1763 ; obtained a limited education 
 while working upon a farm ; removing to New York, 
 he organized, in 1794, a company for the manufacture 
 of salt at Onondaga ; in 1800 was elected a magistrate; 
 in 1804 and in 1821 he was in the State Legislature ; 
 in 1809 an Associate County Justice ; in 1813 Judge 
 of the Common Pleas ; and he was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Y'ork from 1813 to 1815. In 
 1822 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ohio 
 Canal ; and in 1827 assisted in locating the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio Canal, as well as the Pennsylvania Canal. 
 He died August 19, 1838. 
 
 Geddes, John. — He was Governor of South Car- 
 olina from 1818 to 1820 ; Speaker of the South Caro- 
 lina House of Representatives. Died in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, March 5, 1828, aged about fifty-five 
 years. 
 
 Gent r I/, 3Ie^redifti P. — He was bom in North 
 Carolina in 1811 ; studied law and settled in the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Tennessee ; was elected to 
 the Legislature of the State in 1835 and 1837 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 18.39 to 1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1847 to 1853. 
 He took part in the Rebellion as a member of the 
 "Confederate Congress," and died November 3, 1866. 
 He was quite distinguished as an orator, and very 
 popular as a man. 
 
 German, Obadiah. — ^He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from New Y'ork from 1809 to 1815, and died 
 September 24, 1842. 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge. — Born at Marblehead, Massa- 
 chusetts, July, 1744, and graduated at Harvard Col- 
 lege in 1762. He devoted himself for several years to 
 commercial pursuits ; was a member of tlie Legisla- 
 ture in 1773, and was appointed on the Committee on 
 Correspondence. From 1776 to 1 785 he was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress, and signed the Dec- 
 laration of Independence ; also the Articles of Con- 
 federation. While in Congress he was a member of 
 the Committee of Public Safety and Sujijilies, and 
 when the Committee were in session at Menotomy he, 
 with Colonel Orne, escaped from the British troops at 
 night by fleeing to a cornfield, while the house was 
 searched for them. He was a member of the Conven- 
 tion which framed the Constitution of the LTiiited 
 States, but declined subscribing to it. Was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1793. Was a Representative in the 
 Federal Congress from 1789 to 1793, and in 1797 he 
 was appointed Minister to France. In 1804 he was 
 one of the Presidential Electors, and was Governor of 
 Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811. In 1813 he was in- 
 augurated Vice-President of the United States, and 
 filled the office until his death, which took place at 
 Washington, November 23, 1814. 
 
 Gerri/, Elbridffe. — Bom in Waterford, Oxford 
 County, Maine, December 6, 1815 ; received a good 
 academical education ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1839 ; in 1840 was Clerk of the House of 
 Representatives of Jlaine ; in 1842 was appointed 
 State's Attorney for Oxford County, and re-elected by 
 the people during the following year ; in 1840 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; and he was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Maine from 1849 to 1851. 
 Of late years he has resided in Portland, engaged in 
 the practice of his profession. The signer of the Dec- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 163 
 
 laration of Independence, bearing the same name, 
 was his grandfather. 
 
 (iet't'i/, •JfiDies, — He was born in Maryland, and 
 was a Kepresentative in Congress from Pennsylvania 
 from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Gervais, •Tohn JG. — He was a Delegate from 
 South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1782 
 to 1783. 
 
 Gefz, J. Lifticrence. — He was born in Read- 
 ing, Pennsylvania, September 14, 1821 ; his father 
 was an officer in the navy, and fought under Captain 
 Lawrence in 1812 ; he received an academical educa- 
 tion in Reading and in Nottingham, Maryland ; read 
 law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; and, having turned 
 his attention to the newspaper business, lie was for 
 twenty years the editor of the Reading GazetU rind 
 Democrat ; in 18,56 he was elected to the State Legis- 
 lature ; re-elected in 1857 and made Speaker of the 
 House; and in 186G he was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Mileage, Soldiers' and Sailors' 
 Bounties, and Public Expenditures. Re-elected to 
 the two subsequent Congresses, serving on important 
 Committees. 
 
 Geycr, Henry .S.^He was bom in Frederick 
 County, Maryland, in 1798, and early in life removed 
 to Missouri. He saw some service in the War of 1812, 
 and was Captain of the first Militia company fomied 
 in the State of his adoption. He adopted the profes- 
 sion of law, and became eminent as a practitioner. 
 He took an active part in politics, and was a member 
 of the Convention which formed a State Constitution, 
 and he was an active member of the first two sessions 
 of the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker dur- 
 ing his second tenn. He succeeded Mr. Benton in the 
 United States Senate, where he served from IB,?! to 
 1857 ; and while in Washington oHiciated as Attorney 
 in the Dred Scott case. He was a man of ability, of 
 pleasing manners, and of high character. He died at 
 St. Louis, March 5, 1859. 
 
 Gliofsoti, tTfimes If. — He was bom in Virginia; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1820 ; and was a 
 Kepresentative in Congress from Virginia from 1833 
 to 1835; and died at Brunswick, Virginia, July 2, 
 1848, aged fifty years. 
 
 Gholnon, S, 'J. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Mississippi from 1837 to 1838 ; and subse- 
 quently appointed United States Judge for the Dis- 
 trict of Mississippi. 
 
 Gh Olson, Thorn a It, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1808 to 1816. 
 
 Gihhons, Thorn (IS. — He was a citizen of Geor- 
 gia, and in 1801 he was appointed District Judge of 
 the United States Court for the State of Georgia. 
 
 Gibbons, William. — He was a Delegate from 
 Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1786. 
 
 Gibbs, A. C- 
 
 1862 to 1866. 
 
 -He was Governor of Oregon from 
 
 Gibbs, Hichard. — He was a citizen of New 
 York. In April, 1875, he was appointed Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Peru. 
 
 Gibbs, Villiam Channinff, — He was Gov- 
 ernor of Rhode Island from 1821 to 1824. Died in 
 Newport, Rhode Island, February 21, 1871, aged 
 eighty-four years. 
 
 Gibson, ,Tanies liinff, — He was born in Ab- 
 ington, Virginia, February 18, 1812 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; went to Alabama in 1833, and 
 exi^&geA in mercantile pursuits ; returned to Virginia 
 and was Deputy Sheriff of Washington County in 
 1834 and 1835 : was a merchant in Abington from 1835 
 to 1840 ; Postmaster at Abington from 1838 until 
 1849 ; was teller in the Exchange Bank of Virginia 
 at Abington in 1849, and Notary Public ; after the war 
 he became a farmer ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on several Committees. o&t»V 1tuL,"fA 
 
 Gibson, tfohn, — Born in Lancaster, Pennsylva- 
 nia, May 23, 1740; received a classical education; 
 was an Indian trader at Fort Du Quesne, where he 
 was captured by the Indians and his life saved by be- 
 coming the adopted son of a squaw ; in 1774 he ren- 
 dered good service in the Dunmore Expedition against 
 the Sha\vnees, making peace and restoring many pris- 
 oners ; served with credit in the Revolutionary Anny 
 in New York, New Jersey, and on the frontiers ; in 
 1788 he was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitu- 
 tional Convention ; long a Judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas, and a General of Militia ; in 1800 he was 
 appointed Secretary of Indiana, remaining as such un- 
 til it became a State ; and was Acting Governor of 
 Indiana from 1811 to 1813. Died near Vincennes, 
 April 10, 1822. Had a brother, George, who also dis- 
 tinguished himself as a soldier in the Revolution. 
 
 Gibson, 'Tohn Bannister. — Bom in Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania, November 8, 1780 ; graduated at Dick- 
 inson College in 1800 ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar of Cumberland County in 1803 ; practiced 
 in Carlisle and Beaver, Pennsylvania, and in Hagers- 
 town, Maryland ; was a member of the Legislature in 
 1810 and 1811 ; and appointed Judge of the Eleventh 
 District in 1813 ; was promoted to the Supreme Court 
 in 1816 ; and was Chief Justice from 1827 to 1851, 
 when the amendment to the Constitution made the 
 office elective, and he was elected by a large major- 
 ity. Died at Philadelphia, May 3, 1858. 
 
 Gibson, lifimlall T^ee, — Born in Springfield, 
 Kentucky, September 10, 1832 ; began his education 
 at Lexington with a private tutor, and graduated at 
 Yale College in 1853, and in the Law Department of 
 the University of Louisiana in 1855 ; spent three 
 years in study and travel in Europe ; was settled as a 
 planter in Louisiana when the civil war began, and he 
 entered the Confederate Army as a private soldier, 
 and rose to the command of a brigade and division. 
 After the war he began the practice of law in New 
 Orleans ; was elected a Representative from Louis- 
 iana to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Gifldinffs, De TViff C, — He was born in Sus- 
 quehanna County, Penn.sylvania, July 18, 1827 ; re- 
 ceived an acatlemic education ; studied law at Hones- 
 dale, removing to Texas ; and admitted to the bar in 
 1852, and practiced ; entered the Confederate service 
 and served until the close of the war ; was a member 
 of the State Constitutional Convention of 1866, and 
 elected to the Fort^'-second Congress, and re-elected 
 to the Forty-third, serving on the Committees on 
 Land Claims and Indian Affairs. 
 
 Giddinffs, .Joshua J?. — Born at Athens, Brad- 
 ford County, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1795; was a law- 
 yer by profession ; practiced in Ohio ; was elected to 
 the Oiiio Legislature in 1826 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Ohio from 1838 to 1859. He 
 was for many years recognized as one of the leaders 
 of the Anti-slavery party, and was the author of a 
 book on Florida, arid also of a " History of the Great 
 Rebellion." In 1861 he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln Consul-General of British North America ; 
 1 and died at Montreal, suddenly. May 27, 1864. 
 
164 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Oiddings, Marsh. — He was appointed Gov- 
 ernor of New Mexico in 1871 ; held the office four 
 years, and died in June, 1875. 
 
 Gilbert, Ahijnh. — Born in Gilbertsville, Otsego 
 County, New York, June 18, 1806, the eldest of 
 eighteen children ; was a student at Hamilton Col- 
 lege, but ill-health prevented him from graduating ; 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York and 
 olsewliere ; removed to Florida for the health of his 
 family, and was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 that State, for the term commencing in 1869 and end- 
 ing in 1875, serving on the Committees on Agricul- 
 ture and Post Offices and Post Roads. 
 
 Gilbert, Edivard. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from California from 1850 to 1851. 
 
 Gilbert, Ezeliiel. — He was bom in 1755, in Mid- 
 dletown, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1778 ; and was a member of Congress from New 
 York from 1793 to 1797. He suffered for thirty 
 years from a stroke of paralysis, and died at Hudson, 
 New York, in July, 1843. 
 
 Gilbert, Si/lrester. — Born in 1750T at Hebron, 
 Connecticut ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1775 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to practice, in 1777, at 
 Hebron. In 1780 he was a member of the General 
 Assembly, being the youngest member in the House. 
 In 1788 he was appointed State's Attorney for Tolland 
 County, and filled that office twenty-one years. In 
 1807 he was appointed Chief Judge of the County 
 Court and Judge of Probate, which offices he held un- 
 til 1835, with the exception of his term as Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Connecticut in 1818 and 1819 ; 
 in 1810 he was a teacher of a law school, which he 
 continued about seven years, during which time fifty- 
 six students were prepared for the bar under his 
 tuition. In 1836 he was again elected to the Ijegisla- 
 ture, and was then the oldest member in the House, 
 to which body he had, from the year 1780, been re- 
 elected thirty times. He died in January, 1846. 
 
 Gilbert, Willinm A. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, and, removing to New York, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Gilchrist, John .Tennes. — Born at Medford, 
 Massachusetts, February 16, 1809 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1828, and settled as a lawyer in 
 Charlestown, New Hampshire ; was a member of the 
 Legislature ; Register of Probate ; Associate Judge in 
 1840 ; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1848 ; 
 and of the United States Court of Claims in 1855. 
 He published a "Digest of New Hampshire Re- 
 ports." Died in Washington, April 29, 1858. 
 
 Gilchrist, Robert li. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina, resided in Charleston, and about 1841 was 
 appointed United States Judge for the District of 
 South Carolina, and for a time held the same posi- 
 tion in Georgia. 
 
 Giles, John. — Bom in Rowan County, North 
 Carolina, about the year 1788 ; graduated at Chapel 
 Hill University in 1808 ; was a lawyer by profession, 
 and engaged in the practice for more than thirty 
 years. In 1839 he was elected a member of the 
 House of Representatives in Congress from North 
 Carolina, but resigned before taking liis seat, on ac- 
 count of ill-health. In 1835 he was a member of the 
 Convention which met to revise the State Constitu- 
 tion. He died March 3, 1846, in Stanley County, 
 North Carolina, where his professional duties re- 
 quired his attendance before the Circuit Court. 
 
 Giles, William Branch. — Born in Amelia 
 County, Virginia, August 13, 1763 ; graduated at 
 Princeton in 1781 ; studied law, but abandoned the 
 profession after practicing about six years. In 1801 
 and 1805 he was a Presidential Elector. From 1836 
 to 1839 he was Governor of his native State ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1790 to 1798, and 
 again from 1801 to 1803 ; and United States Senator 
 from 1804 to 1816 ; and was subsequently a member 
 of the Legislature. A few months after his first ap- 
 pointment to the Senate he was superseded by A. 
 Moore, but immediately re-appointed for the longer 
 term. He published a Speech on the Embargo Laws 
 in 1808, and, in 1813, Political Letters to the People 
 of Virginia, and subsequently an invective letter 
 against President Monroe, and others, of a political 
 character, to John Marshall and John Quincy Adams. 
 He died in Albemarle County, Virginia, December 4, 
 1830. 
 
 Giles, Williani Fell. — He was born in Harford 
 County, Maryland, April 8, 1807, his ancestors hav- 
 ing been among the early emigrants to the State ; re- 
 ceived an academical education in Baltimore and his 
 native place ; studied law in Baltimore, and came to 
 the bar in 1839 ; was elected to the State Legislature 
 in 1837 and 1839 ; in 1845 he was elected to Congress, 
 but declined a re-nomination ; and in 1853, while en- 
 gaged in practicing his profession, was appointed 
 United States District Judge for the District of Mary- 
 land, which position he still holds. 
 
 Gilflllan, C. It',— Was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and having studied law was admitted to the bar of 
 that State ; in 1857 he was elected Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction for Mercer County, holding the 
 office two years ; in 1859 he was Transcribing Clerk 
 in the State House of Representatives ; in 1861 he 
 was appointed District Attorney for Venango County ; 
 in 1863 he was elected to the same position, and held 
 the office for three years ; and in 1868 he was elected 
 a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty- 
 fir.st Congress, serving on the Committees on the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Gill, lHoses. — He was elected Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor of Massachusetts in 1797 ; and was acting Gov- 
 ernor of the State from 1799 to 1800, in the place of 
 Increase Sumner. 
 
 Gillespie, James.— Tie was a member of the 
 Provincial Congress of North Carolina, and a Repre- 
 sentative in the United States Congress from that 
 State from 1793 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1805. Died 
 January 10, 1805. 
 
 Gillet, Hansom H. — Was born in New Leba- 
 non, Columbia County, New Y'ork, January 37, 1800. 
 His early employment was farming on his father's 
 farm, in Saratoga County, in the summer, and lum- 
 bering in the pine forest during the winter. In 1819 
 he removed to St. Lawrence County, where he was 
 employed to teach school during the winter, while he 
 attended the St. Lawrence Academy during the sum- 
 mer. In 1831 he engaged in the study of law with 
 Silas Wright, at Canton, still continuing to teach for 
 his support. He was admitted to the bar, and set- 
 tled in Ogdensburg, where he continued, devoted to 
 his profession, for about twenty years. In 1827 he 
 was appointed Brigade Major and Inspector of Mili- 
 tia ; February 37, 1830, he was appointed Postmaster 
 of Ogdensburg, which office he filled three years ; in 
 1832 he was a member of the Baltimore Convention 
 which nominated General Jackson for President ; 
 was elected the same year a Representative in Con- 
 gress ; re-elected in 1834, and served as a member 
 of the Committee on Commerce ; in 1837 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Van Buren a Commissioner to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 165 
 
 treat witU the Indian tribes in New York, and con- 
 tinued in that service until 1839 ; in 1840 he was a 
 member of the Baltimore Convention which re-nom- 
 inated Mr. Van Buren ; he tlien engaged in practi- 
 cing law, and continued to do so until 1845, when 
 President Polk appointed him Register of the Treas- 
 ury, in which office he served until 1847, when he 
 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury, in which 
 place he continued to serve until the autumn of 1849 ; 
 he then resumed the practice of law in New York ; 
 in 1855 he became Assistant to the Attorney-General 
 of the United States, _and continued in that office 
 until he resigned, in 1858, and President Buchanan 
 appointed him Solicitor of the Court of Claims, which 
 he held until 1861. Subsequently devoted himself 
 to literary labors, and published one or two books 
 connected with public men. 
 
 Gillitte, Francis. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Connecticut, during the session of 1854 
 and 1855, for the unexpired term of Truman Smith, 
 resigned. 
 
 GUI is, James L, — Born at Hebron, Washington 
 County, New York, October 2, 1793. He received a 
 common-school education ; served an apprenticeship 
 to the currying and tanner's trade ; during the cam- 
 paigns of 1812 and 1813, served as a volunteer from 
 New York ; in 1814 he was commissioned a Lieuten- 
 ant by the Governor of New York, and having been 
 taken prisoner by the British, was transported to 
 Halifax, where he remained until the close of the 
 war; he subsequently returned to Ontario County, and 
 established himself as a farmer ; in 1823 he removed 
 to Pennsylvania ; in 1840 was elected to the Legisla- 
 ture of that State ; in 1842 was appointed one of the 
 Judges of .Jefferson County ; elected to the State 
 Senate in 1845 ; re-elected to the Lower House in 
 1851 ; and elected a Representative from Pennsylva- 
 nia in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Agriculture. 
 
 Gilliss, James 3Iell' in.— 'Born in the District 
 of Columbia in 1810 ; was appointed Midshipman in 
 1827 ; became Captain in 1862. In 1838 he organized 
 the iirst working observatory in the United States, 
 and in 1843 published the first volume of " American 
 Astronomical Observations." In September, 1842, he 
 began the construction of the Naval Observatory at 
 Washington, and finished in 1845. Was the author 
 of " The United States Astronomical Expedition to 
 the Southern Hemisphere from 1849 to 1852," two 
 volumes, 4to, 1855. He visited Peru in 1858, and 
 Washington Territory in 1860 ; in 1861 he was placed 
 in charge of the National Observatory. Shortly be- 
 fore his death he made a report on the parallax of 
 the planet Mars. He made valuable improvements 
 in the instruments of astronomical science. He 
 died in Washington, February 9, 1865. 
 
 Gillon, Alexander, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1794, 
 having died during the latter year. 
 
 Gihnan, Charles J. — He was bom in New 
 
 Hampshire ; served in the Legislature of that State 
 in 1854 ; and, having removed to Maine, was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 that State, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Private Land Claims. 
 
 Giltnan, John Taylor. — Bom in Exeter, New 
 Hampshire, December 19, 1753, and died Sep- 
 tember 1, 1828. He was a volunteer in the Revolu- 
 tionary army ; a Delegate from New Hampshire, in 
 1780, to the Hartford Convention ; a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, in the latter 
 year succeeding his father as Treasurer of New 
 
 Hampshire. This ofiice he resigned to become a 
 Commissioner to settle certain accounts for the States, 
 but was re-elected in 1791. He was Governor of New 
 Hampshire from 1794 to 1805, and again from 1813 
 to 1815, when he declined a re-election. Son of 
 Nicholas Gilman. 
 
 Gilman, fjosepli, — He was appointed in 1796 a 
 Territorial Judge of the United States Court for the 
 Territory North-west of the Ohio River. 
 
 Gilman, Nicholas. — He was a Delegate from 
 New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 
 1786 to 1788 ; a member of the Convention that 
 framed the Constitution, and signed that instrument ; 
 after the adoption of the Constitution was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1797 ; and 
 was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire from 
 1805 to 1814. He died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 May 2, 1814, aged fifty-two years. 
 
 Gilmer, Georf/e H. — He was born in W^ilkes 
 County (now Oglethorpe), Georgia, April 11, 1790. 
 He received an academical education, but did not 
 enter college on accf>unt of ill-health. He studied 
 la%v, and settled in Lexington, Oglethorpe County, 
 Georgia. In 1818, as First Lieutenant of the Forty- 
 third Regiment, United States Array, he participated 
 in the Creek War, and in 1818 entered upon the prac- 
 tice of his profession. He was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1818, 1819, and 1824 ; was Governor of 
 the State for the terms commencing in 1829 and 
 1837, and during the latter term removed the Chero- 
 kee Indians from Georgia. He was President of the 
 Board of Presidential Electors in 1836 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1821 
 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 18:;5. 
 He was also a Presidential Elector in 1836 and 1840, 
 and for thirty years ]ierformed the duties of Trustee 
 of the Georgia College. He was the author of 
 a book, published in 1855, entitled " Georgians," 
 which contains much useful and interesting informa- 
 tion touching the early settlement of his native State. 
 Died at Lexington, Georgia, November 15, 1859. 
 
 Gilmer, ,fohu A. — Bom in Guilford County, 
 North Carolina, November 4, 1805 ; acquired a good 
 English education at winter schools, working on a 
 fami and in the shoj) during the summers ; then 
 taught a school, and thus obtained the means to 
 enter the academy at Greensborough for three years, 
 and became a good linguist and mathematician, and 
 taught for three years in a grammar school ; after- 
 wards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1832. Was a member of the State Senate from 1846 
 to 1856, and was elected a Representative to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of tlie 
 Committee on Elections. In 1856 he was the Whig 
 candidate for Governor of North Carolina, but was 
 defeated. He was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Con- 
 gress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Elec- 
 tions ; withdrew in 1861. He was a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1860. 
 Died in Greensborough, May 14, 1868. 
 
 Gilmer, Thomas W, — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia ; received a limited education ; studied law, 
 and while practicing the profession edited a news- 
 paper ; served frequently in the Legislature, and was 
 Speaker of the House ; and he held many jjositions 
 of high character, having been Governor of the State 
 in 1840, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1841 to 1843 from Virginia. He was Secretary of the 
 Navy under President Tyler. He was killed by the 
 accident on board the United States steamer Prince- 
 ton, February 28, 1844. 
 
 Gilmore, Alfred.— lie was born in Pennsyl- 
 
1C6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Giltnore, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833. Died 
 
 May 18, 1845. 
 
 Gihnofc, JosepJi Aflierton. — Born in Weston, 
 Vermont, June 10, 1811 ; was brought up on a farm ; 
 went to Boston at the age of fifteen and entered a 
 store ; became interested in Railroad and mining, 
 and acquired a large fortune. Returned to New 
 Hampshire in 1843 ; was Superintendent of the Man- 
 chester and Lawrence Railroad, from 1853 to 1856 ; 
 and also of the Concord and other connecting lines 
 until 1866 ; was State Senator in 1858 and 1859 ; 
 President of that body in 1859 ; and Governor of New 
 Hampshire from 1863 to 1865. Died in Concord, New 
 Hampshire, April 17, 1867. 
 
 Oil more, S, A. — He was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1806 ; a lawyer by profession ; and from 1848 until 
 his death he was President Judge of the Fourth 
 Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Died at Union- 
 town, May 15, 1873. 
 
 on pin, Henri/ I>.— Born in Philadelphia in 
 1801 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1819 ; studied law, and began to practice in Philadel- 
 phia in 1833 ; was United States Attorney for his 
 State in 1832 ; Solicitor of the United States Treas- 
 ury in 1837 ; and United States Attorney-General in 
 1840 and 1841. He published a volume of Reports of 
 cases in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1837 ; 
 and "Opinions of the Attorney Generals" in 1840. 
 From 1836 to 1883 edited the Atlantic Souvenir ; was 
 President of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 
 and Vice-President of the Historical Society ; wrote 
 several of the Biographies of the Signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence, and other biographies 
 and discourses, and supervised " The Madison papers " 
 when published by Congress. Died in Philadelphia, 
 December 29, 1869. 
 
 Gist, Joseph. — Born in Union District, South 
 Carolina, in 1775 ; educated at the Charleston College ; 
 studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1799 ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1809 ; served in the Legisla- 
 ture of his native State for eighteen years ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 
 1831 to 1837 ; served as a Trustee of the State Col- 
 lege ; and died May 8, 1835. 
 
 Gist, WiUifini H. — Born in South Carolina, and 
 was Governor of that State from 1858 to 1860. 
 
 Gffimeock, Thomas. — He was a soldier and 
 statesman of Georgia ; served at the siege of Savan- 
 nah, under Count Pulaski, as Lieutenant, and exhib- 
 ited great skill and bravery ; he was appointed Colo- 
 nel of the troops ordered out by the Legislature, in 
 defense of the State against the Indians, on the 
 westei-n frontier ; and was afterwards elected Gen- 
 eral of Militia. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1836 to 1839, and highly respected 
 for his talents and character. He died at Decatur, 
 Georgia, May 9, 1841. 
 
 Glnsf/oir, Hiiffh. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Of en son. William E. — He was born in Mary- 
 land and emigrated to Dakota, where he was ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for that Territory, resid- 
 ing at Yankton. 
 
 Glen, John. — He was a native of Maryland ; 
 liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law ; 
 
 and was for many years a Judge of the United States 
 District Court of Maryland. Died in Baltimore, Julv 
 8, 1853. 
 
 Glenn, Elias. — He was bom in Maryland, and 
 was appointed Judge of the United States Court for 
 that State. 
 
 Glenn, Henri/. — He took an active part in the 
 Revolutionary War, and was a Representative from 
 New York in Congress from 1793 to 1801. He died 
 at Schenectady in 1814, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Gloilinger, John. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative from that State in 
 the Twelfth Congress ; but resigned before the ex- 
 piration of his term, and E. Crouch was elected in his 
 place. 
 
 Glossbrenner, Adam J. — Born in Hagerstown, 
 Maryland, August 31, 1810 ; apprenticed at an early 
 age to the printing business, which was his school ; 
 when seventeen years of age he traveled in the West, 
 and became foreman in the office of the Ohii) Monitor, 
 and afterwards of the Western Telegraph ; in 1839 he re- 
 turned to Maryland and then to Pennsylvania, and set- 
 tled at York, where he published the York Onzelte, and 
 there held various offices of trust and responsibility. 
 In 1849 he was elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the 
 national House of Representatives for the Thirty-first 
 Congress, and was re-elected to the same office by the 
 four following Congresses ; in 1861 he was Private 
 Secretary to President Buchanan ; in 1863 he became 
 one of the founders of the Philritlelphia Age ; and in 
 1864 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Public Lands and Engrossed Bills. 
 He was also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy 
 Department and Executive Mansion. 
 
 Glover, John Montgomery. — He was born in 
 Mercer County, Kentucky, September 4, 1824; re- 
 ceived a collegiate education, but left college be- 
 fore graduating ; studied law, and admitted to the 
 bar, but practiced only a short time ; was appointed 
 a Colonel of Cavalry ; commissioned Colonel of the 
 Third Missouri Volunteer Cavalry in 1861 ; resigned 
 in 1864, on account of impaired health ; was ap- 
 pointed, in 1866, Collector of Internal Revenue for 
 the Third District of Missouri, and was elected to 
 the Fortv-third Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Education and Labor. 
 
 Goddnrd, Calvin. — Born in Shrewsbury, Mas- 
 sachusetts, July 17, 1768 ; and graduated at Dart- 
 mouth in 1786. He was admitted to the bar iu Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, in 1790, and settled in Plaintield, 
 from wliich place he was elected a Representative iu 
 tlie Legislature for nine sessions, during three of 
 which he was Speaker of the House. He removed to 
 Norwicli in 1807. From 1801 to 1805 he was a 
 Rfprcsentative in Congress ; and from 1808 to 1815 he 
 was a member of the State Council ; in 1813 a Presi- 
 dential Elector ; in 1814 a Delegate to the Hartford 
 Convention ; and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of the 
 Superior Court. He was State's Attorney for the 
 County of New London for five years, and Mayor of 
 Norwich for seventeen years. He died at Norwich, 
 May 2, 1843. 
 
 Goforth, John. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and in 1873 was appointed *n Attorney-General of 
 
 the United States. 
 
 Gogffin, If'illiam L. — Born in Bedford County, 
 Virginia. .May 31, 1807: received an academic educa- 
 tion ; studied law in Winchester, and was admitted 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 1(3< 
 
 to the bar in 1828, and practiced in several of tbe 
 Circuit and District Courts of the State. In 1830 lie 
 was a member of the Legislature, and in ISc!? de- 
 clined a re-election. In 1839 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Virginia, and was re- 
 elected in 1841, 18-13, and 1847, being Chairman of 
 the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads during 
 his last term. He was afterwards appointed one of 
 the Visitors to West Point, under the administration 
 of President Fillmore ; and since that time he has 
 jiursued his profession, in connection with agricul- 
 tural pursuits. In 1859 he ■was nominated as the 
 Wliig candidate for Governor of Virginia. Died in 
 Richmond, January 5, 1870. 
 
 Gold, TJiomas It. — He was a native of New 
 York ; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; was a 
 member of the State Senate from 1797 to 1803 ; a 
 member of the Assembly in 1808 ; and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1809 to 1813, 
 and again from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1830. 
 
 Golflsborouf/h, Brice J, — Born in Maryland, 
 in 1803; adopted the profession of law; entered the 
 State Legislature in 1824, serving two terms : from 
 1836 until 1851, he was an Associate District Judge ; 
 and in 1861 he was appointed and also elected to a 
 seat on the Bench of the Court of Ajipeals. Died 
 near Cambridge, Maryland, July 23, 1867. 
 
 Goldshorougli, Charles W, — He was Gover- 
 nor of the State of Maryland, and a Rejireseutative 
 in Congress from 1805 "to 1817. He died at Shoal 
 Creek, Maryland, December 13, 1834. 
 
 Goldsbovough, Robert, — He was a Delegate 
 from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 
 1774 to 1775. At the time the Declaration of In- 
 dependence was signed, he was at home on a sick- 
 bed, and soon afterward.^ died, at his residence in 
 Maryland. He was by profession a pliysician. 
 
 Goldthwaite, Georfie, — Was born in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, December 10, 1809 ; received a good 
 education ; removed to Alabama ; studied law, and 
 admitted to the bar in 1836 ; was on the Bench of the 
 Circuit Court, and afterward of the Supreme Court, of 
 which he was Chief Justice for some years ; was Adju- 
 tant-General of Alabama during the .war ; and elected 
 to the United States Senate in 1870 for the term end- 
 ing in 1877. When elected, his residence was Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama ; served on the Committee on Claims 
 and Revolutionary Claims. 
 
 Golladay, Edward J, — He was born in Leba- 
 non, Tennessee, September 9, 1831 ; graduated at Cum- 
 berland University ; taught school ; studied law, and 
 admitted to the bar in 1853 ; was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1857 ; was elected a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1860 ; served in the Confederate Army as 
 Colonel, and participated in several important engage- 
 ments ; and was elected to tlie Forty-second Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Golladay, Jacob S, — Was a native of Ken- 
 tucky ; was a member of the Legislature of that 
 State from Logan County in 1850, 1851, and 1853 ; 
 and a State Senator from 1853 to 1855 ; in 1867 was 
 elected a Representative in Congress, to fill the va- 
 cancy caused by the death of Judge Hise ; and held the 
 position till 1870, when he resigned. He was also re- 
 elected to the Forty-first Congress to fill a vacancy. 
 
 Gooch, Daniel W, — Born in Wells, State of 
 Maine, in January, 1830. He graduated at Dart- 
 mouth in 1843 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1846 ; commenced the practice of his profession in 
 Boston ; was elected in 1853 to the Legislature of 
 
 Massachusetts ; in 1853 to the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of the State ; and subsequently a Representative 
 in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Massachusetts, for 
 an unexpired term. He was also elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Territories ; re-elected to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving on the Special Committee 
 on the Conduct of the War ; and was re-elected to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees ou Private Land Claims and Foreign Affairs. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but in 1865 
 was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent lor 
 the port of Boston. He was ahso a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1806. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Naval Afiairs. 
 
 Goode, John, Jr, — Born in Bedford County, 
 Virginia, May 37, 1839 ; was a student at the New 
 London Academy ; graduated at Emory and Henry 
 College in 1848; studied law, and admitted to the 
 bar in 1851 ; was elected a member of tlie Legisla- 
 ture of Virginia in 1851, and again in 1866 ; was a 
 member of the Virginia Convention which adopted 
 the Ordinance of Secession in 1861 ; was elected to the 
 Confederate Congress in 1861, and re-elected in 1863, 
 and served in that position until the close of the war ; 
 was a member of the Electoral College in 1852, and 
 again in 1856 ; was a Delegate to tlie National Demo- 
 cratic Convention in 1868, and was appointed by that 
 body a member of their Executive CVmimittee, and 
 re-appointed at Baltimore in 1873 ; and elected a 
 Representative from Virginia to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Goode, Patrick G. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was elected a Rejiresentative in Congress from 
 Ohio from 1837 to 1843. 
 
 Goode, Samuel, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1799 to 1801. 
 
 Goode, Williani O, — He was born at Ingle- 
 wood, Mecklenburg County, Virginia, Se])tember 10, 
 1798 ; was educated at the College of Williani and 
 Mary ; studied law, and commenced the practice in 
 1831 ; he was, early in life, elected for several terms 
 a member of the State Legislature. He was a mem- 
 ber in 1829 of the State Reform Convention of Vir- 
 ginia ; in 1832 he was again elected to the State 
 Legislature, and took an active part in tlie debates 
 on slavery of that year ; he was re-elected to tlie 
 Legislature in 1838 ; and he was first elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress Ironi Virginia in 1841, serving 
 until 1843. He Was subsequently again elected to 
 the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House of 
 Delegates for several sessions ; he was also a mem- 
 ber of the State Reform Convention of 1850, and was 
 chosen Chairman of the Legislative Committee ; and 
 he was a member of the House of Delegates, called 
 to put the New Constitution into operation, and 
 Chairman of the Committee on Finance. In 1853 he 
 was again elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Virginia, and was regularly re-elected until tlie 
 Thirtj'-fifth Congress, in which he served as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on the District of Columbia. 
 Died near Boydtown, Virginia, July 3, 1859. 
 
 Goodenow, Johti'M, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ohio from 1829 to 1831. Died in 
 1838, aged fifty-six years. 
 
 Goodenow, Robert. — He was bom in Farming- 
 ton, New Hampshire, in 1800 ; admitted to the bar in 
 1831 ; was County Attorney from 1838 to 1834, and in 
 1841 ; and having taking up his residence in Maine, 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 
168 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 from 1851 to 1853. In 1857 he was appointed Bank 
 Commissioner for the State. 
 
 Goodeiioir, liiifiis K. — Bom in Henniker, New 
 Hampshire, April 24, 17!)0, but removed with his 
 father to Brownfield, Maine, where he was educated 
 in a country school. He was a farmer, and for many 
 years a common sailor. He entered the army in 1813 
 as Captain in the Thirty-third Regiment of United 
 States Infantry, and served in that capacity until 
 1815. Upon the organization of a State Government 
 he was appointed Clerk of the Courts for Oxford 
 County, and removed to Paris, and held this office six- 
 teen years. He was a member of the Maine Legisla- 
 ture ; a Presidential Elector in 1840 ; and represented 
 his District in the Thirty-first Congress. Died at 
 Paris, March 24, 1863. 
 
 Goodhue, Benjainin, — Born at Salem, Mas- 
 sachusetts, October 1, 1748 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1766 ; and received literary honors from 
 Yale College in 1804. Early in life he engaged in 
 commercial pursuits. He was a Whig during the 
 Revolution ; represented his native county in the State 
 Senate from 1784 to 1789, when he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative to Congress under the new Constitution, 
 and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsimmons, of T'hiladelphia, 
 formed our code of revenue laws, the majority of 
 which have never been abrogated. In 1796 he was 
 elected a Senator of the United States, and became 
 distinguished as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Commerce ; but in 1800 he resigned his seat and 
 retired from public life. He died at Salem, July 28, 
 1814. 
 
 Goodiii, Joint jR.— Born in Tiffin, Ohio, 1836 ; 
 received a common-school education ; was an early 
 emigrant to Kansas, and was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1867 ; paid some attention to law, and 
 was a District Judge ; and elected a Representative 
 from Kansas to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Goodrich, Aaron. — He was a native of Ten- 
 nessee ; received a good education, and adopted the 
 profession of law ; and in 1849 he was appointed 
 Chief Justice of the United States District Court for 
 the Territory of Minnesota, and was the first Judge 
 appointed for that District. 
 
 Goodrich, Chmincey. — Born at Durham, Con- 
 necticut, October 20, 1759 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1776, with a high reputation for genius and 
 acquirements. After spending several years as tutor 
 in that institution, he established himself as a lawyer 
 at Hartford in 1781, and soon attained to eminence in 
 the profession. He was a Representative in the 
 Legislature in 1793, and a Representative in Congress 
 from 1795 to 1801. From 1803 to 1807 was a Coun- 
 cillor of the State ; and he was elected United States 
 Senator from 1807 to 1813. He received the office of 
 Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and resigned his seat in 
 Congress. He was elected Lieutenant-Governor of 
 the State in 1813, and was also a Delegate to the 
 Hartford Convention in 1814. He died at Hartford, 
 August 18, 1815. 
 
 Goodrich, Eliziir. — He was one of the very 
 few survivors among the men who figured in public 
 life under the Administrations of Washington and the 
 elder Adams. He belonged to the Washington school 
 of Federalists, and his removal from the office of Col- 
 lector of Customs, at New Haven, immediately on the 
 accession of Jefferson to the Presidency, gave occa- 
 sion to the famous letter, in whicli Jefferson avowed 
 his principle of removal for political opinions. Be- 
 sides being honored ivith various offices of trust and 
 responsibility, he was for some time Professor of Law 
 in Yale College, and for many years the efficient 
 
 Mayor of New Haven. He was twice elected to the 
 State Legislature, and was a Judge of the County and 
 Probate Courts for fifteen years, and was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1797. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Connecticut from 1799 to 1801. Died 
 in New Haven, November 1, 1849. 
 
 Goodrich, ,Tohn Z. — He was bom in Sheffield, 
 Massachusetts, September 27, 1801 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law, but turned his attention to manufac- 
 turing ; served in the State Legislature in 1848 and 
 1849 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1855, from 
 his native State. In 1801 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln Collector of Boston, and was a Delegate 
 to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. 
 
 Goodrich, 3Ii/o. — He was born in Homer, New 
 York, January 3, 1820 ; received an academic educa- 
 tion ; studied law ; was a member of the State Con- 
 stitutional Convention in 1867 ; and elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 the Judiciary. 
 
 Goodwin, Daniel. — He was one of the early 
 emigrants to the Territory of Michigan, where he 
 settled himself in the practice of the legal profession. 
 He was for many years the United States District At- 
 torney for Michigan ; subsequently appointed a Dis- 
 trict Judge ; served repeatedly in the State Legisla- 
 ture ; was President of the Constitutional Convention 
 of 1850 ; appeared for the People in the great trial of 
 1851, known as the Railroad Conspiracy Case ; and 
 was subsequently Judge of the Circuit Court for the 
 Northern Peninsula of Michigan. 
 
 Goodwin, Ilenri/ C. — Bom in De Ruj-ter, 
 Madison County, New York, June 25, 1824 ; received 
 an academic education, and studied law, having been 
 admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was elected 
 District Attorney of Madison County, and held the 
 office three years. He was a Representative from 
 New York to the second session of the Thirty-third 
 Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serv- 
 ing as a member of the Committee on Claims. Died 
 at Hamilton, Madison County, New York, November 
 12, 1860. 
 
 Goodwin, Ichabod. — He was born in South 
 Berwick, Massachusetts Province, May 25, 1743 ; he 
 accompanied his father, who was wounded, in 1758, 
 to Ticonderoga ; was a member of the Provincial Con- 
 gress in 1775 and 1777 ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of 
 Gerrish's York County Regiment, having charge of 
 the Saratoga prisoners ; was Major-General of Militia 
 from 1783 to 1815 ; member of the General Court in 
 1792 ; and Sheriff of York Countv, Maine, from 1793 
 to 1820. Died in South Ber\vick,'May 25, 1829. 
 
 Goodwin, Jchahod. — Nephew of the above ; 
 was Governor of New Hampshire from 1860 to 18G1. 
 
 Good icin, John y. — Was born in South Ber- 
 wick, Maine ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 
 1844 ; studied law, and commenced practice in South 
 Berwick ; was elected in 1854 to the Senate of Maine; 
 and in 1860 a Representative from Maine to the Thir- 
 ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Militia and Invalid Pensions. He was subse- 
 quently appointed by President Lincoln Cliief Justice 
 of the Territory of Arizona, and also Governor ; and 
 he was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress. 
 
 Goodwin. Peterson. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1818. Died in 
 November of that year. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1C9 
 
 Goodyear, Charles, — Born in Cobleskill, Scho- 
 harie County, New York, April 2G, 1805 ; graduated 
 at Union College in 1824 ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1827 ; was a member of the State Assembly 
 in 1839 ; in 1841 was appointed First Judge of Scho- 
 harie County ; was a Representative from New York 
 in the Twenty-ninth Congress ; discontinued the prac- 
 tice of his profession in 1852, and turned his attention 
 to the business of private banking in Schoharie and 
 the city of New York ; and in 1864 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York for a second term to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress. During his first term in 
 Congress he served on the Committee on Invalid Pen- 
 sions, and during the Thirty-ninth Congress on the 
 Committees on Private Land Claims, Revolutionary 
 Pensions, and on a Bureau of Education. He was 
 aLso a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union 
 Convention " of 1866, and that of New York in 1868. 
 
 Gortlon, tfauies, — He was a member for seven 
 years of the State Senate of New York, twelve years 
 in the State Assembly, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1791 to 1795. 
 
 Gordon, ,To?in B, — He was bom in Upson Coun- 
 ty, Georgia, February 6, 1832 ; educated at the Uni- 
 versity of Georgia ; was admitted to the bar ; at the 
 beginning of the war entered the Confederate Army 
 as Captain of Infantry, and was promoted, by regular 
 grades, to the command of the Second Army Corps ; 
 commanded one wing of General Lee's army at Appo- 
 mattox Court House ; was wounded in battle eight 
 times ; was tlie Democratic candidate for Governor of 
 Georgia in 1868, and his party claimed his election by 
 a large majority, but his opponent was declared 
 elected ; was a member of the National Democratic 
 Convention of 1868 ; was a Delegate from the State 
 at large to tlie National Democratic Convention of 1872; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1868 and in 1872 ; and 
 was elected to the United States Senate for the term 
 commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on 
 the Committees on Commerce, Agriculture, and Edu- 
 cation and Labor. 
 
 Gordon, fiamtief, — He was bom in New York ; 
 served in the State Assembly in 1834, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 
 1843, and again from 1845 to 1847. In 1863 he was 
 appointed Provost-Marshal for the Nineteenth Dis- 
 trict of New York. 
 
 Gordon, IViUiam. — He was a graduate of Har- 
 vard College in 1779 ; was Attorney -General for the 
 State of New Hampshire ; a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Hampshire from 1797 to 1800, when 
 he resigned ; died in Boston, May, 1802, aged thirty- 
 nine years. 
 
 Gordon, Willi ant F. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1829 to 1835. He is said to have been the 
 originator of the Sub-Treasury System. Died in Al- 
 bemarle County, July 2, 1858. The town of Gordons- 
 ville was named after him or his family. 
 
 Gore, Chriftfopher. — Bom in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 17.58 ; and graduated at Harvard College in 
 1776. He settled in Boston as a lawyer, and in 1789 
 was appointed District Attorney for the District of 
 Massachusetts, under the new Constitution of the 
 United States. In 1796 he was appointed a Commis- 
 sioner under the fourth article of Jay's Treaty. This 
 ap|iointment obliged him to go to London, where he 
 remained eight years, during the last of which he 
 was left Charge d'Affaires. He was chosen Governor 
 in 1809, but only served one term. In 1813 he was 
 chosen a Senator of the United States, in which 
 capacity he served until 1816, wlien, after serving as 
 
 a Presidential Elector during that year, he retired to 
 private life. He died March 1, 1827, aged sixty-eight. 
 Having no children, Mr. Gore left valuable bequests 
 to the American Academy and the Historical Society, 
 of which he was a member ; and he made Harvard 
 College, of which institution he had been a Fellow 
 and Trustee, his residuary legatee. He was for a time 
 the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster. 
 
 Gorh a m , Senja n> in , — He was born in Charles- 
 town, Massachusetts, February 13, 1775, and died in 
 Boston, September 27, 1855. He graduated at Cam- 
 bridge in 1795, studied law with Theophilus Parsons, 
 of Newburv'port, and rose to eminence at the bar of 
 Boston. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 the Suffolk District from 1820 to 1823, from 1827 to 
 1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He was afterwards, for 
 a short time, member of the State Legislature, but 
 spent the closing years of his life in retirement. 
 
 Gor/tain, George C. — He was bom in New 
 York ; removed to California, where he entered into 
 politics, and was defeated for two or three elective 
 offices ; and in 1868 he was elected Secretary of the 
 United States Senate, in which position he still con- 
 tinues. 
 
 Gorham, Naflianiel. — Bom in Charlestown, 
 Massachusetts, May 27, 1738 ; received a common- 
 school education ; settled in business in his native 
 town ; was its Representative in the Legislature from 
 1771 to 1775 ; Delegate to the Provincial Congress in 
 1774 and 1775 ; again a member of the Legislature, 
 and a member of the Board of War from 1778 until its 
 dissolution ; was a Delegate to the State Constitu- 
 tional Convention in 1779 ; a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to 
 1787, and was chosen President of that body in 1786 ; 
 was several years a Judge of tlie Court of Common 
 Pleas ; was a member of the Convention for framing 
 the Federal Constitution, and was called by Washing- 
 ton to fill the chair in the Committee of the Whole, 
 for three months ; was afterwards influential in its 
 adoption by the State. In connection with Oliver 
 Phelps he purchased an immense tract of land on the 
 Genesee River, now comprising ten or twelve conn- 
 ties in the State of New York ; of which tract his 
 oldest son was a pioneer settler. Died at Canandai- 
 gua, October 22, 1826. 
 
 Gorman, Willis Arnold, — Born near Flem- 
 ingsburg, Kentucky, January 12, 1814 ; studied law, 
 and began to practice in 1825 at Bloomington, Indiana. 
 In 1837 and 1838 he was Clerk of the Indiana Senate ; 
 was several years a member of the State Legislature ; 
 and was Major of the Third Indiana Volunteers in the 
 Mexican War ; commanded an independent battalion 
 at the battle of Buena Vista : in 1847, raised the 
 Fourth Indiana Volunteers, which he commanded in 
 several battles ; in 1848, was Civil and Military Gov- 
 ernor of Puebla ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1849 to 1853, from Kentucky ; was Governor of 
 Minnesota from 1853 to 1857 ; member of its Consti. 
 tutional Convention in 1857 ; practiced law at St. 
 Paul until 1861, when he was chosen Colonel of the 
 First Minnesota Volunteers ; appointed Brigadier- 
 General, September, 1861 ; was in the battles of 
 Ball's Bluff and West Point ; led a bayonet charge at 
 Fair Oaks, and had charge of a brigade in Howard's 
 division of Second Corps at Antietam. 
 
 Gorshire. William S. — He was bom in New 
 York, and removed to Colorado, where he was ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for the Territory of 
 Colorado, residing at Denver. 
 
 Goss, (Tames H, — Bom at Union Court House, 
 South Carolina, August 9, 1820 ; engaged in mercan- 
 
170 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tile pursuits ; was a Delegate to tlie State Constitu- 
 tional Convention of 1S67 ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from South Carolina to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Claims. 
 
 Goff, Daniel, — He was born in Connecticut, and 
 on removing to New York was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from IS-i? to 1851. 
 
 Gould, Geovfje, — He was born in 1811 ; gradu- 
 ated at Yale College, and after coming to the bar, re- 
 moved to Troy, in New York ; in 1853 he was elected 
 Mayor of that city ; fi-om 18.55 to 1803 he was a Judge 
 of the Supreme Court, after which he resumed the 
 practice of his profession. Died in Troy. December 
 C, 1868. 
 
 Gould, Herillftll, D. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, and, having taken up his residence in New York, 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 1849 to 1851. Died in Delhi, New York, in 
 1853. 
 
 Gould, tTatues. — Born at Branford, Connecticut, 
 in 1770 ; graduated at Yale College inj.791 ; became 
 distinguished as a lawyer ; was Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Connecticut, from which he was displaced 
 in 1818 by the adoption of the new Constitution ; was 
 for forty years associated with Judge Reeve as a Pro- 
 fessor in Litchfield Law School, and after the death 
 of Judge Reeve continued to conduct the school till 
 within a few years of his death. He published 
 " Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions," in 1833; 
 received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 
 1819. Died at Litchfield, May 11, 1838. 
 
 Gourdin, Theodore. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina from 1813 to 1815. 
 Died January 17, 1836. 
 
 Goran, ^l. li, — He was born in Orangeburg, 
 South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from South Carolina from 1833 to 1837, having 
 first been elected for the unexpired term of James 
 Overstreet. 
 
 Gore, Samuel F. — Born in Weymouth, Massa- 
 chusetts, March 9, 1833 ; received a common-school 
 education ; removed to Georgia in 1838, and engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits ; was a Captain and Assessor 
 of Taxes for Bibb County in the Confederate service ; 
 was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention 
 of 1867 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Navy Department. 
 
 Gra/iani, Daniel.— Be was born in Tennessee, 
 and in 1847 he was appointed Register of the Treas- 
 ury Department, remaining in office until 1849. 
 
 Grah<nn, James. — Born in Lincoln County, 
 North Carolina, in January, 1793. He graduated at 
 the Univei-sity of that State in 1814 ; studied law, and 
 practiced with success for many years ; served four 
 years in the State Legislature ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1833 to 
 1843, and from 1845 to 1847. He spent the close of 
 his life engaged in agricultural pursuits, and died 
 September 35, 1851. 
 
 Graham, ,Tames IT. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Ac- 
 counts. 
 
 Graham, John. — He was a citizen of Virginia ; 
 in 1819 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 
 Portugal, and went to Brazil on diplomatic business ; 
 returned to the United States in 1830, and died July 
 31 of that year. 
 
 Graham, If'illiam. — Ho was born in 1783 ; re- 
 ceived a limited education ; was a member of the 
 Convention which framed the State Constitution of 
 Indiana ; served many years in both branches of the 
 State Legislature, and was Speaker in 1830 ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1837 
 to 1839. Died near Valonia, Indiana, in 1857. 
 
 Graham, William A. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, September 5, 1804, and was the son of Gen- 
 eral Joseph Graham of the Revolution. He was 
 educated at Chajiel Hill University, where he gradu- 
 ated in 1834 ; studied law, and came to the bar at 
 Newborn ; served in the State Legislature from 1833 
 to 1836, and also in 1839 and 1840 ; was a Senator in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1841 to 1843 ; in 
 1844 he was elected Governor of the State, and re- 
 elected in 1846 ; he was Secretary of the Navy under 
 President Fillmore : and subsequently was nominated 
 for the office of Vice-President on the ticl?et with 
 Winfield Scott. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. He 
 subsequently held the position of Arbitrator between 
 the States of Virginia and Maryland ; and died at 
 Saratoga, New York, August 11, 1875. 
 
 Granfjer, Amos ¥. — He was born in Suffield, 
 Hartford County, Connecticut, in June, 1789 ; received 
 a common-school education. In 1811 he removed to 
 Manlius, New York, and was for a time President of 
 that corporation ; served as a Captain of Militia at 
 Sackett's Harbor in 1813, and subsequently became a 
 General of Militia ; in 1830 he removed to Syracuse, 
 and for many years devoted himself to agricultural 
 and mercantile pursuits. He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Thirty-fourth and 
 Thirty -fifth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Com- 
 mittee on Territories. In early life he became zeal- 
 ously attached to the Ei)iscopal Church, and by his 
 liberality and knowledge of ecclesiastical history did 
 much for the prosperity of the church in his section 
 of the country. He was a cousin of Francis Granger. 
 Died in Syracuse, New York, August 30, 1866. 
 
 Granfjer, Bradley F. — He was born in New 
 York, and elected a Representative from Michigan to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congi'ess, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Granger, Francis. — He was born December 1, 
 1793, in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut ; 
 graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; and on removing 
 to New York was for five years, from 1836, a member 
 of the General Assembly of that State. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1835 
 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, when he resigned 
 to receive from President Harrison the appointment of 
 Postmaster-General. After ihat time he lived in re- 
 tirement. He was also a member of the Peace Con- 
 vention of 1861. Died at Canandaigua, New York, 
 August 38, 1868. 
 
 Granger, Gideon. — Born in Suffield, Connecti- 
 cut, July 19, 1767 ; graduated at Yale College in 1787, 
 and in the following year was admitted to the bar of 
 the Supreme Court of Connecticut, where he pi'ac- 
 ticed \\'ith great -distinction. In 1793 he was elected 
 a member of the Legislature, and continued in that 
 body several years. To his exertions the State is 
 principally indebted for its school fund. In 1801 he 
 was appointed Postmaster-General of the United 
 States, and continued in that office until 1814, when 
 he removed to the State of New York. In 1819 he 
 was elected to the State Senate, which situation he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 171 
 
 resigned in 1821, on account of ill health. He did 
 much to promote internal improvements of the State ; 
 and gave one thousand acres of land in aid of the 
 canal. He died in C'anandaigua, December 31, 1822. 
 His writings were confined almost entirely to political 
 subjects ; his principal publications were written in 
 favor of the administrations of President Jefferson 
 and Governor Clinton, and on the School Fund of Con- 
 necticut. He was an able speaker and a powerful 
 writer. 
 
 Grant, Abraham P. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Grant, Uli/sses S. — He was born in Point 
 Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822. 
 Although originally named Hiram Ulysses, the Con- 
 gressman who nominated him for the West Point 
 Academy gave his name by mistake as Ulysses S., and 
 by that name he has ever been recognized. He gradu- 
 ated at the Military Academy in 1843, and as Second 
 Lieutenant was assigned to the Fourth Infantry. He 
 continued in the aimy from that time for eleven 
 years, and participated in most of the battles of the 
 Mexican War, excepting Buena Vista, serving under 
 Generals Scott and Taylor, and receiving two brevets, 
 for gallantry at Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. 
 While serving in Oregon, in 1852, lie was promoted to 
 the rank of Captain. In 1854 he resigned his commis- 
 sion, and settled near St. Louis on a fann ; in 1859 he 
 was a real estate agent in St. Louis ; and early in 1860 
 he removed to Galena, Illinois, where he joined his 
 father and a brother in the manufacture of leather. 
 When the Rebellion commenced he raised and took 
 command of a company of Volunteers, and before the 
 close of 1861 he had command, as Colonel, of the 
 Twenty-first Illinois Regiment, and was made a 
 Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; in 1802 he was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Major-General of Volunteers, 
 from which time his military history is to be traced in 
 his achievements at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, 
 luka, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, in the west and 
 south, and at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold 
 Harbor, and Petersburg in Virginia, culminating in 
 the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, on April 
 9, 1865. It was on July 4, 1863, that he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln Major-General in the 
 Regular Army, and he was appointed Lieutenant- 
 General March 2, 1864, receiving this commission 
 directly from the hands of the President, and 
 the full title of Oeiural was conferred upon him 
 July 25, 1866. After the close of the Rebellion he took 
 command of the armies of the United States, with his 
 headquarters at Washington. In December, 1863, 
 Congress passed a joint resolution, thanking him 
 and the soldiers who fought under him for their 
 gallant services, and awarding him a gold medal. 
 On December 12, 1867, he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Johnson Secretary of War ud interim, in the 
 place of E. M. Stanton, suspended, which position he 
 held until the November following, when the Senate 
 refused to sanction the suspension of Mr. Stanton ; 
 and by the "Republican National Convention" of 
 1868, held in Chicago, he was nominated for the office 
 of President of the United States ; inaugurated as 
 such on March 4, 1869, and was re-elected in 1872 
 for the term ending in 1877. 
 
 Graiitland, Seaton. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and having taken up his residence near Milledgeville, 
 in Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1835 to 1839. He was also a 
 Presidential Elector. 
 
 Gravel fi, tfosejjli J, — ^He was born in Henry 
 County, Virginia, in 1838 ; received a common-school 
 education, and spent his youth chiefly on a farm. In 
 
 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the Virginia Legisla- 
 ture ; during the latter year he removed to Missouri ; 
 was elected to the Convention of that State in 1860 ; 
 in 1862 he was elected to the Senate of the State, and 
 re-elected in 1864 ; had command during a part of the 
 Rebellion as Colonel of the Eighth Regiment of Mis- 
 souri Cavalry. After the close of the war he turned 
 his attention to the practice of law, and in 1866 he was 
 elected a Representative from Missouri to the For- 
 tieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the 
 Militia and Education and Labor. 
 
 Graves, liciijaniiii F, — He was born in Mon- 
 roe County, New York, October 18, 1817 ; received a 
 good education ; and having studied law was admit- 
 ted to the bar of that State in 1841. In May, 1843, he 
 removed to Michigan, and settled at Battle Creek, 
 where he has since resided. In 1857 he was elected 
 Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fifth Circuit, for the 
 term of six years, having previously filled the same 
 position by appointment from Governor Bingham for 
 about one year, in the place of Abner Pratt, resigned. 
 In 1863 he was reelected for a second term of six 
 years, but resigned in 1866 ; and in 1867 he was 
 elected a Justice of the Supreme Court for the term 
 of eight years. 
 
 Gra res, H'il/ia )» J, — He was a member of the 
 Kentucky Legislature from Henry County in 1834 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky 
 from 1835 to 1841 ; in 1838 he engaged in a duel at^. 
 BISctWiMMUig, Maryland, with Jonathan Cilley, in ' 
 which the latter was killed ; was again a member of i 
 the Legislature in 1843 from Jefferson County ; and 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; he died at 
 Louisville, September 27, 1848, aged forty-three 
 years. 
 
 Graj), Edward. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1799 to 1813. 
 
 Gray, Hi rant. — Born in Salem, Washington 
 County, New York, April 10, 1802 ; graduated at 
 Union College in 1821 ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1823 ; settled in Elmiia, and there practiced 
 his profession ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1837 to 1839 ; in 1846 he was Judge 
 of the Sixth Judicial District ; and in 1847 one of the 
 Justices of the Supreme Court, serving in that capac- 
 ity until 1860. 
 
 Graji, John C, — He was bom in Southampton 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con 
 gress from that State from 1820 to 1821, for the un- 
 expired tei-m of James Johnson. 
 
 Graifson, William. — Bora in Prince William 
 County, Virginia ; educated at the University of Ox- 
 ford, England ; studied law at the Temple, London, 
 and settled in Dumfries, Virginia ; was appointed 
 Aid-de-camp to Washington, August 24, 1776 ; Col- 
 onel of a Virginia regiment January 1, 1777 ; Com- 
 missioner of the Board of War in 1780 and 1781 ; a 
 Commissioner to treat with Sir William Howe re- 
 specting prisoners, while the army was at Valley Forge, 
 and at Monmouth commanded his regiment with val- 
 or. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1784 to 1787 ; member of the Virginia Conven- 
 tion to consider the Federal Constitution in 1788, but, 
 with Henry, opposed its adoption. In 1789 to 1790 
 was United States Senator from Virginia. He died 
 at Dumfries, while on his way to the seat of govern- 
 ment, March 12, 1790. 
 
 Grayson, William. — Born in Maryland in 1786; 
 was a planter ; served in both branches of the State 
 Legislature, and took an active part in the successful 
 struggle to obtain a new State Constitution in 1838 ; 
 
172 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 was Governor of Maryland from 1838 to 1841. Died 
 in Queen Anne County, July 9, 1868. 
 
 Grayson, William J, — He was born in Beau 
 fort, South Carolina, in 1788; graduated at the South 
 Carolina College in 1809 ; was bred to the legal pro- 
 fession ; was a Commissioner in Equity of South 
 Carolina for many years ; a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1813 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1833 to 1837 ; and by President Taylor he 
 was appointed Collector of the Customs of Charles- 
 ton, holding the office until 1853. He subsequently 
 devoted himself to planting. He published " The 
 Hireling and the Slave," " Chicora.and other Poems," 
 and was the author of a " Life of J. L. Petigru." 
 Died in Newberu, October 4, 1863. Son of William 
 Grayson. 
 
 Greeley, Horace. — Was born at Amherst, in 
 New Hampshire, February 3, 1811. Until the age of 
 fourteen he attended a common school during winter, 
 working in summer on his father's farm. In 1826, 
 his parents having removed to Vermont, Horace, who 
 had early shown a fondness for readmg, especially 
 newspapers, and had resolved to be a printer, endeav- 
 ored to find employment as an apprentice in a print- 
 ing-office in Whitehall, but without success. He 
 afterwards applied at the office of tlie Northern 
 Spectator in Poultney, Vermont, where his services 
 were accepted, and where he remained until 1830, 
 when the paper was discontinued, and he returned to 
 work on his father's farm. During the following 
 year he arrived in the city of New York, where he 
 obtained work as a journeyman printer, and was em- 
 ployed in various offices, with occasional intervals, 
 for the next f ighteeu months. In 1834, in connection 
 with Jonas Winchester, he started the Neio Yorker, 
 a weekly journal of literature and general intelli- 
 gence, and became its editor. After struggling on 
 for several years the journal was abandoned. During 
 its existence, Mr. Greeley published several political 
 campaign papers, the Constitution, the Jeffersonian, 
 and the Log Cabin. In 1841 he commenced the pub- 
 lication of the New York Tribune. In 1848 he was 
 chosen to fill a vacancy in the Thirtieth Congress, and 
 served through the short term preceding President 
 Taylor's inauguration. In 18,51 he visited Europe, and 
 was chosen Chairman of one of the juries at the World's 
 Fair. He gave an account of his travels in a series of 
 letters to the Tribune, which were afterwards collected 
 into a volume. He has also published a collection 
 of his addresses, essays, etc., under the title of " Hints 
 toward Reforms :" and a work entitled "The Ameri- 
 can Conflict." In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector, 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia '• Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866, and to the " State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1867. He was one of those who gave 
 bail for Jefferson Davis in May, 1867. In November 
 he was appointed by President Johnson Minister to 
 Austria, and was confirmed, but declined the position. 
 In 1873 he was nominated by the Conservative Party 
 for the office of President, but was defeated ; and 
 died near Pleasantville, Westchester County, New 
 York, November 39, 1873. His most popular book 
 was " Recollections of a Busy Life." 
 
 Green, Byratn, — He was born in New York ; 
 served five years in the Assembly of that State ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. 
 He was subsequently Judge of a County Court; and 
 died at Sodus, Wayne County, New York, October 18 
 1865. 
 
 Green, Duff, — He was born in Georgia about the 
 year 1794 ; was a resident of St. Louis, Territory of 
 Missouri, as early as 1817 ; in 1834 became the ed'itor 
 of a paper called the Inquirer, but leaving it before 
 the close of the year, went to Washington City, and 
 
 in 1836 became the proprietor and editor of the 
 United States Telegraph, which he conducted until 
 1835. He advocated the interests of John C. Calhoun 
 against those of Andrew Jackson, while holding the 
 position of Government Printer, to which he was 
 elected in 1889, whereby he lost an annual income of 
 fifty thousand dollars ; and he carried his hostility 
 against the President so far, that he refused to shake 
 his hand. From 1835 to 1838 he edited a paper called 
 the Reformeition ; after that he went to Europe and 
 engaged in various schemes for making money, in 
 which he was eminently successful ; in 1844 he edited 
 a journal in New York, called the Republic, which 
 lost much money for its proprietors, and was subse- 
 quently engaged wholly in private enterprises. In 1830 
 he had a personal difficulty with James Watson 
 Webb on (he steps of the Capitol, which attracted 
 much attention in the political world, but resulted in 
 no personal harm to either party. The man who suc- 
 ceeded him as Public Printer in Washington was 
 Frank P. Blair; and it is a little singular as an inci- 
 dent in their lives, that both these men had a habit, 
 after they became advanced in years, of appearing on 
 the streets of Washington, carryinglong staffs instead 
 of common canes, while supporting their feeble steps. 
 Mr. Green died in Dalton, Georgia, which was his 
 home, June 9, 1875. 
 
 Green, Frederick W, — He was born in Mary- 
 land, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 
 1855. 
 
 Green, I, L. — He was born in Massachusetts ; 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1781 ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813. He died 
 in 1841. 
 
 Green, Innis, — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1831. 
 
 Green, James S. — He was born in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, February 28, 1817 ; and in 1836, 
 with no fortune but a common English education, he 
 removed to Alabama, where he remained one year, 
 and then took up his residence in Missouri, with which 
 State he has since been identified. After many strug- 
 gles with the world, he was admitted to the bar in 
 1840, and soon thereafter entered upon a lucrative 
 practice. He was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; was 
 a member of the Convention held in 1845 for the re- 
 vision of the Constitution of Missouri ; and was 
 elected a member of Congress in 1846, serving 
 through two terms. He argued a boundary dispute 
 case in the Supreme Court by appointment of the 
 Governor of Missouri ; and in 1849 took the stump 
 against the late Hon. Thomas H. Beuton. In 1853 
 President Pierce appointed him to be Charge d'Affaires, 
 and subsequently Minister Resident at Bogota, New 
 Granada. He was again elected a member of Con- 
 gress in 1856, but Ijefore taking his seat he was 
 chosen by the Legislature to represent the State of 
 Missouri in the Senate of the United States, where he 
 remained until 1861. During the first session of the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress he was a member of the Com- 
 mittees on the Judiciary and on Territories, and 
 at the commencement of the second session of that 
 Congress he was chosen Chairman of the Committi-e 
 on Territories. Died at St. Louis, January 19, 1870. 
 
 Green, Jf'illis. — He was born in the Shenandoah 
 Valley, Virginia ; represented Kentucky County in 
 the Legislature of Virginia ; was Clerk of the Court 
 for many years ; was a member of the Danville Con- 
 vention in 1785 ; and of the first State Constitutional 
 Convention of 1793 ; he was a Surveyor for locating 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 173 
 
 land warrants ; was a member of the Kentucky Leg- 
 islature in 1836 and 1837 ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Greene, Albert C. — He was bom in East Green- 
 wich, Rhode Island, in 1793 ; read law in New York, 
 where he was admitted to the bar ; returned to his 
 native State, and there commenced the practice of his 
 profession ; in 1815 he was elected to the General 
 Assembly of the State ; in 1816 was elected a 
 Brigadier-General of Militia, and subsequently be- 
 came a Major-General ; from 1823 to 1835 he served 
 again in the Legislature of the State, and was chosen 
 Speaker ; from 1825 to 1843 he was Attorney-General 
 of the State ; from 1845 to 1851 he was a Senator in 
 Congress from Rhode Island ; and having again served 
 a term in each of the two Houses of the State Legisla- 
 ture, he retired from public life in 1857. He received 
 the degree of Master of Arts from Brown University 
 in 1837. Died at Providence, January 8, 1863. 
 
 Greene, Georr/e IV. — He was bom in 
 County, New York, July 4, 1831 ; graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania ; was a teacher in several 
 academies in Pemisylvania for several years ; was 
 appointed a School Commissioner for Orange County 
 in 1856 ; read law, and came to the bar in 1860 ; in 
 1861 he was elected Judge of Orange County for three 
 years ; and was elected a Representative from New 
 York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Freedmen's Aliairs. 
 
 Greene, Hat/, — He was bom in Rhode Island ; 
 graduated at Yale College in 1784 ; and was a Senator 
 in Congress from Rhode Island from 1797 to 1801, 
 when he resigned. Died in 1849. 
 
 Greene, liof/er S. — He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts, and while residing in the District of Columbia 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States for the Territory of Wash- 
 ington, residing at Olympia. 
 
 Greene, Thomas M, — He was a Delegate to 
 Congress from the Territory of Mississippi from 1802 
 to 1803. 
 
 Green oiigh, Horatio. — Bom in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, September 6, 1805 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1825 ; showed a taste for sculpture early 
 in life, and was induced by Allston and others to 
 become an artist ; he went to Italy in 1825 ; returned 
 to Boston in 1836, and after modeling several busts, 
 returned to Italy, and fixed his residence in Florence. 
 Among his more prominent works are a statue of 
 "Abel," of Byron's " Medora," the " Chanting Cher- 
 ubs," " Asceu.sion of the Infant Spirits," Statue of 
 Washington at the National Capitol, ordered by Con- 
 gress ; several ideal busts, and portraits of prominent 
 men. He designed the Bunker Hill Monument, and 
 also the Washington Monument, for which Congress 
 appropriated twenty thousand dollars, but it is still 
 unfinished. The colossal group, " The Rescue," for 
 the National Capitol, occu])ied him eight years, and 
 consists of four figures. He died at Somerville, Mas- 
 sachusetts, December 18, 1853. 
 
 Greenup, Christopher. — He was Governor of 
 Kentucky from 1804 to 1808 ; was a patriot of the 
 American Revolution, and participated in the perils 
 of the war. He was at various times a member of the 
 Legislature of Kentucky, and a Representative of 
 that State in Congress from 1793 to 1797, and Was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1809. He was a man of great 
 usefulness in his native State, and died at Frankfort, 
 Kentucky, April 34, 1818. 
 
 Greenwood, A. B.— "Bora m Franklin County, 
 
 Georgia, July 11, 1811 ; graduated at the Athens 
 University, Georgia ; is a lawyer by profession ; and 
 was a member of the Legislature of the State of Ar- 
 kansas from 1842 to 1845. He was Prosecuting At- 
 torney for said State from 1843 to 1851 ; Circuit Judge 
 from 1851 to 1833 ; and elected a Representative in 
 Congress from 1853 to 1858 from Arkansas, serving a 
 portion of the time as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Indian Affairs. In 1859 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Buchanan Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 
 
 Gregg, Andretr. — Bom in Carlisle, Pennsyl- 
 vania, June 10, 1755 ; he received a good classical 
 education, and for several years was tutor in the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania. In 1783 he opened a coun- 
 try store in Middletown, Dauphin County, whence he 
 removed in 1789 to a wilderness valley, where he 
 commenced agricultural pursuits. In 1790 he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania, serving from 1791 to 1807, and a Senatorof 
 the United States from 1807 to 1813, serving for a 
 time as President pro ton. of the Senate. In 1814 he 
 removed to Bellefonte, and in 1816 he was appointed 
 Secretary of State of Pennsylvania. He was remark- 
 able for a sound and discriminating mind, agreeable 
 and dignified manners, and perfomied his duties with 
 talent and integrity. He died at Bellefonte, May 30, 
 1835. 
 
 Gregg, David L. — He was a citizen of Illinois, 
 and in 1853 was appointed a Commissioner with diplo- 
 matic powers to the Sandwich Islands, where he re- 
 mained until 1858. 
 
 Gregg, James 31. — Born in Patrick County, 
 Virginia, June 36, 1806. He received only a com- 
 mon-school education, and was bred a practical far- 
 mer, but studied the profession of law ; and in 1830 
 he settled in Hendrick County, Indiana. From 1834 
 to 1837 he was County Surveyor, and then chosen 
 Clerk of the Circuit Court, serving till 1843. He was 
 elected a Representative of the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 and was a member of the Committee on Public Ex- 
 penditures. 
 
 Gregory, Dudley S. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; was at one time engaged in the iron business 
 among the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and 
 having settled in New Jer.sey, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 
 1849. He held many positions of trust and honor, 
 and died in Jersey City, December 8, 1874. 
 
 Gregory, John M. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was Governor of that State in 1842 and 1843. 
 
 Greig,John. — Bom in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, 
 August 6, 1779 ; educated at the Edinburgh High 
 School ; emigrated to America in 1797 ; settled in 
 Canandaigua, New York ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1804 ; practiced his profession until 1820, 
 when he became President of the Ontario Bank, which 
 he held until 1856 ; he was for many years a Regent 
 of the New York University, and also a Vice-Chan- 
 cellor ; was long the active head of an Agricultural 
 Society, and was one of the founders and corporators 
 of the Ontario Female Seminarj'. His service in 
 Congress was for the term commencing in 1841, but 
 he resigned at the close of the first session. Died at 
 Canandaigua, April 9, 1858. 
 
 Greiner, John. — He was bom in Philadelphia ; 
 removed to Ohio when young ; was for eight years 
 Librarian of the State Library ; became the editor of 
 the Ohin State Journal, and was a writer of popular 
 political songs, especially of those entitled, "Old 
 Zip Coon," " Tippecanoe and Tyler Too," and "The 
 Wagoner Boy." In 1849 he was appointed by Presi- 
 
174 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 dent Taylor an Indian Agent in New Mexico, and 
 afterwards became Governor of the Territory. In 
 1865 he settled in ZanesvUle, Ohio, and edited the 
 Times of that city. He was very popular as a mem- 
 ber of various societies, and died at Toledo, May 13, 
 1871, in the sixtieth year of his age. 
 
 Grennell, George, — Born in Greenfield, Frank- 
 lin County, Massachusetts, December 25, 1786 ; grad- 
 uated at Dartmouth College in 1808 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1811 ; was Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Franklin County from 1830 to 1838 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Senate from 1824 to 1827 ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1829 to 1889. He was for many years, from 1838 to 
 1859, a member of the Board of Trustees of Amherst 
 College, and in 1854 the degree of LL.D was conferred 
 upon him by that institution. From 1849 to 1853 he 
 was Probate Judge for his county, and subsequently 
 settled down as Clerk of the Franklin County Court. 
 He was the first man who proposed and advocated on 
 the floor of Congress the recognition of Hayti. He 
 was still living in good health as late as 1875. 
 
 Gresham, Walter Q. — He was born in Indiana, 
 and a resident of New Albany ; and in 1869 he was 
 appointed United States Judge for The District of 
 Indiana. 
 
 Grey, Beitjamin E. — He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky ; was a member of the Legislature of that 
 State from Logan County in 1838 and 1839 ; was State 
 Senator from 1847 to 1851 ; was Speaker of the Senate 
 and Acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1850 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1851 
 to 1855. 
 
 Gritlcr, Henry. — Was born in Garrard County, 
 Kentucky, July 16, 1796 ; received a good desultory 
 education at Bowling Green and elsewhere ; studied 
 law, and while engaged in practice, also devoted some 
 attention to farming. He rendered his first public 
 service as a private in the army, during the last war 
 with England, having served with Shelby in his cam- 
 paign to Canada ; in 1837 and 1831 he was elected to 
 the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1833 to the State 
 Senate, where he served four years. He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1843 to 
 1847, and was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary 
 Claims and on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress ; was a member of the Committee on 
 the Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Mile- 
 age, and Reconstruction. Died in Warren County, 
 Kentucky, September 14, 1866. 
 
 Grier. Robert C — He was born in Cumberland 
 County, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1794 ; graduated at 
 Dickinson College in 1812 ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1817, practicing his profession in Northum 
 berland, Columbia, Lycoming, Union, and Schuylkill 
 Counties ; was appointed President Judge of Al- 
 leghany County in 1833, when he became a resident 
 of Pittsburg ; and in 1846 he was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Polk an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States, and since 1848 he has been a 
 resident of Philadelphia. Died in Philadelphia, Sep- 
 tember 35, 1870. 
 
 Griffin, Cyrus. — Born in Virginia in 1749 ; ed- 
 ucated in England ; and returning to Virginia, became 
 a member of the Legislature, a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress from 1778 to 1781, and in 1787 and 
 1788, and was its President in 1788 ; was President of 
 the Supreme Court of Admiralty ; a Commissioner in 
 1789 to the Creek Nation ; Judge of the United States 
 District Court for Virginia from 1789 tUl his death. 
 
 which occurred at Yorktown, Virginia, December 14, 
 1810. 
 
 Griffin, Isaac. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Griffin, .Tohn. — He was an early emigrant to In- 
 diana ; in 1800 he was appointed a Judge of the United 
 States Court for that Territory ; in 1806 he was ap- 
 pointed to the same position for the Territory of 
 Michigan, where he remained for many years. 
 
 Griffin, John K. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1831 to 1841, and 
 died at Milton, South Carolina, August 1, 1841. 
 
 Griffin, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1795, and was 
 one of those who voted for locating the seat of Gov- 
 ernment on the Potomac. 
 
 Griffin, TJionuis. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1805. 
 
 Griffith, Samuel. — He was born in Wales, 
 Great Britain, February 14, 1816 ; educated at Al- 
 legheny College, Meadville ; studied law ; admitted 
 to the bar in 1846, and practiced ; and was elected a 
 Representative to the Forty-second Congress from 
 Pennsylvania, serving on the Committee on Freed- 
 men's Affairs. 
 
 Griffith, William. — He was one of the earliest 
 Judges of the United States Circuit Court, and in 
 1801 was appointed by President Jefferson to the 
 Third Circuit. 
 
 Grimes, James If', — He was born in Deering, 
 Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 16, 
 1816 ; commenced his education at Hampton Academy, 
 and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836. Soon 
 after that time he emigrated to the West, and in 
 1838 was elected to the first General Assembly of the 
 Territory of Iowa, to which he was frequently re- 
 elected. He was Governor of the State of Iowa from 
 1854 to 1858, and in 1859 he was elected a Senator in 
 Congress from that State for six years, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on the District of Colum- 
 bia, and also of that on Naval AfYairs, and as a mem- 
 ber of those on Public Lauds and Public Buildings. 
 He was also a Delegate to the " Peace- Congress " of 
 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term 
 commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871 ; and in 1865 
 received from the Iowa College the degree of LL.D. 
 He was also a member of the Special Joint Committee 
 on the Rebellious States, that on Contingent Ex- 
 penses of the Senate, and that on Appropriations ; 
 and he was one of the Senators designated by the 
 Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. 
 Died in Burlington, Iowa, February 7, 1873. 
 
 Griml.e, Frederick, — Bom in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, September 1, 1791 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1810 ; studied law. and removed to 
 Ohio ; for several years was Presiding Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas in one of the Circuit.? of the 
 State ; in 1830 elected a Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of the State, which he held for seven years, lie pub- 
 lished in 1848 a work entitled "Considerations upon 
 the Nature and Tendency of Free Institutions," and 
 also " An Essav on Ancient and Modern Literature." 
 Died in Chillicothe, Ohio, March 8, 1863. 
 
 Griiinell, .Joseph. — He was bom in New Bed- 
 ford, Massachusetts, November 17, 1788. His early 
 education was received at private schools, and was 
 molded in view of a mercantile life : he commenced 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 175 
 
 business in Xew York as a commission merchant in 
 1800, and continued there until 1829, for five years 
 being connected with John H. Howland, eleven years 
 ■with Preserved Fish, and four years with his brothers, 
 Moses H. and Henry Grinnell ; in 18'29 he retired 
 from the Xew Yorl^ concern, and visited Europe ; on 
 his return he settled in his native place, devoting 
 himself to commerce generally, and especially to tlie 
 whale fishery. Among the laborious positions which 
 he has long held in New Bedford are those of Presi- 
 dent of the Marine Bank, of the New Bedford and 
 Taunton Railroad, and of the Wamsutta Cotton-mill. 
 In 1839, 1840, and 1841, he was a member of the Gov- 
 ernor's Council of Massachusetts ; he was elected a 
 Representative to Congress in 1843, and was three 
 times re-elected, serving on the Post Ofiice and Com- 
 merce Committees, and originated the idea of a re- 
 duction of postage and the establishment of life-boats. 
 Indeed, so great was Mr. Qrinnell's influence on the 
 floor of Congress, as every measure he proposed 
 seemed to succeed, he was playfully designated by 
 his friends as one of the most dangerous men in the 
 House. 
 
 Grimielf, Joaiah S. — He was bom in New 
 Haven, Vei-mont, December 22, 1821 ; received a col- i 
 legiate and tlieological education ; went to Iowa in 
 18o5, and turned his attention to farming, having been 
 the most extensive wool-grower in the State, to which 
 he has devoted special attention ; was a memijer of 
 the State Senate for four years ; a special agent for 
 the General Past Oflice for two years ; and was elected 
 a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and 
 Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Freedmen, on Agricul- 
 ture, and on the Postal Railroad to New York. In 
 June, 1860, L. H. Rousseau, a fellow-member, made 
 a personal assault upon him for words spoken in de- 
 bate, which resulted in a resolution which was passed, 
 reprimanding the assailant for " violating the rights 
 and privileges of the House." 
 
 Orhntell, Moftes IT. — Born in New Bedford, 
 Massachusetts, March 3, 1803 ; was educated at pri- 
 vate scliools and at Friends' Academy ; was bred a 
 merchant, and frequently went abroad as supercargo ; 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York, from 1839 to 1841. He was also a Presidential 
 Elector in 1856. Moses H., Henry Grinnell, and Rob- 
 ert B. Minturn, were the gentlemen composing the 
 distinguished firm of Grinnell, Minturn, & Co., the 
 house taking that title in 1829, though in reality 
 founded many years before by Joseph Grinnell and 
 Preserved Fish. In 1869 he was appointed Collector 
 of New York. 
 
 Gristi'off}, Oai/lord. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1787 ; was a member of the New York As- 
 sembly from 1796 to 1798 ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1803 to 1805 ; and 
 died in 1809. 
 
 Griswold, John A,— Tie was born in Rensse- 
 laer County, New York, about the year 1822 ; was 
 educated for the mercantile profession ; settled him- 
 self in the iron trade, to which, in connection with 
 banking, he has ever been devoted. He served one 
 term as Mayor of the city of Troy, and in 18G2 he 
 was elected a Representative from" New York to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on the Death of 
 President Lincoln and Naval Affairs. Re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Ways and Moans. 
 
 Grlswold, John A. — He was born in Greene 
 
 County, New York, in 1827 ; after acquiring a good 
 education he studied and adopted the profession of 
 law; in 1856 he was elected District Attorney of 
 Greene County, and held the position for three years ; 
 in 1864 he was elected County Judge, and continued 
 in the office four years ; and in 1868 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Coinage. 
 
 Grisivohl, Hoffev. — Born in Lyme, Connecticut, 
 May 21, 1762 ; graduated at Yale College in 1780, and 
 studied law, in the practice of which he became emi- 
 nent. From 1795 to 1805 he was a Representative in 
 Congress from Connecticut. In 1801 he declined the 
 appointment of Secretary of War, offered him by 
 President Adams, a few days previous to the acces- 
 sion of President Jefferson. In 1807 he was chosen a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; was Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor from 1809 to 1811, and then elected 
 Governor ; while holding that office he refused to 
 place four companies under General Dearborn, at the 
 requisition of the President, for garrison purposes, 
 deeming the requisition unconstitutional, as they 
 were not wanted to "repel invasion." In 1809 he 
 was also a Presidential Elector. A scene that occurred 
 l)etween him and Matthew Lyon, on the floor of Con- 
 gress, was one of great excitement. He received from 
 Harvard College the degree of LL.D. He died in 
 1812. 
 
 Griswold, Sffnilei/. — Born in Torringford, Con- 
 necticut, November, 1768 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1786, and was a clergyman. In 1804 he became the 
 editor of a Democratic paper in Walpole, New Hamp- 
 shire, but was soon after appointed by President Jef- 
 ferson Secretary of the Territory of Michigan. He 
 was a Senator in Congress from Ohio in 1809, but was 
 superseded by A. Cam]>bell ; and he was United 
 States Judge for the Northwestern Territory. He 
 died at Shawneetown, Illinois, August 21, 1814. 
 
 Gi'oesbeck, WiUiani S. — He was born in New 
 York about the year 1826 ; studied law, and removed 
 to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the practice of his 
 profession ; in 1852 he was a member of the Commis- 
 sion appointed to codify the laws of Ohio ; was a 
 member, in 1851, of the "State Constitutional Con- 
 vention;" was elected a Refjresentative from Ohio to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Foreign Affairs; was a member of the " Peace 
 Congre.ss " of 1861, and in 1862 was elected to the 
 Senate of Ohio. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia "National Union Convention " of 1866, and 
 was one of the counsel for Andrew Johnson during 
 his Impeachment Trial in 1868. 
 
 Grnome, James S. — Bom in Elkton, Cecil 
 County, Maryland, April 4, 1838 ; studied law with 
 his father, John C. Groome, who was a prominent 
 lawyer ; admitted to the bar in 1861 ; in 1867 he was 
 elected to the State Constitutional Convention ; in 
 1871 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re- 
 elected ; and in 1874 he was elected Governor of 
 Maryland. 
 
 Gross, Ezra C. — He was born in Windsor Coun- 
 ty, Vermont ; graduated at the University of Ver- 
 mont in 1806 ; practiced law in Elizabethto\^Ti, New 
 York ; was Surrogate of Essex County from 1815 to \| 
 1819 ; was a Representative in Congress from New "V 
 York from 1819 to 1821 ; and was elected to the As- 
 sembly of that State in 1828 and 1829, but died before 
 the close of his second term. 
 
 Gross, Sfiin tiel. — He was a native of Montgome- 
 ry County, Penn.sylvania, and vras a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1823. 
 
176 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 Grosvenor, Thomas P, — Bom in Pomfret, 
 Connecticut, in 1780, and died April 25, 1817. He 
 graduated at Tale College in 1800, and, after study- 
 ing law, removed to New York ; served a number of 
 years in the Legislature of that State, and was elected 
 to Congress as a Representative, serving from 1813 to 
 1817. 
 
 Groiif, tTonathan, — He was born in Lunen- 
 burg, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 23, 
 1737 ; was an officer in the colonial service in the 
 French and Indian War of 17.57 to 1760 ; studied law 
 and settled in Petersham, Worcester County, Massa- 
 chusetts. Was an active and energetic Whig through 
 the Revolutionary War ; served for a short time in 
 the Revolutionary Army ; was for some years a mem- 
 ber of the "General Court," or House of Representa- 
 tives of Massachusetts ; and in 1789 was elected a 
 member of the First Congress, in which he served 
 from 1789 to 1791. He subsequently devoted himself 
 to his profession, and died while attending Court at 
 Dover, New Hampshire, September 8, 1807. 
 
 Ch'OfP, William B. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from North Carolina from 1791 to 1803. 
 
 Grover, Asa P. — Born in Ontarfo County, New 
 York, in 1819 ; educated at Centre College, Kentucky, 
 of which State he became a resident in 1847 ; studied 
 and practiced law ; was elected to the State Senate in 
 1857 ; re-elected in 18G1, holding the position eight 
 years ; and was elected a Representative from Ken- 
 tucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. 
 
 Grover, Lafat/effe.—Was born in Bethel, Ox- 
 ford County, Maine ; educated at Bowdoin College ; 
 studied law in Philadelphia, where he was admitted 
 to the bar in 1850, and soon afterwards took up his 
 residence in Salem, Oregon Territory. In 1851 he 
 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Territory ; 
 in 1852, Auditor of Public Accounts ; served three 
 years in the Territorial Legislature ; saw some ser- 
 vice in the Indian wars of Oregon ; was a Commis- 
 sioner in 1854 to adjust the claims of citizens of Oregon 
 against the United States ; he was appointed in 1856 
 one of the Commissioners to investigate the Indian 
 war claims against the General Government ; and, 
 having been an active member of the Convention of 
 1857 to form a State Constitution, he was subsequent- 
 ly elected the first Representative in Congress from 
 the prospective State, and took his seat as such in 
 February, 1859. Subsequently resumed the practice 
 of law ; from 1867 to 1870 was engaged in the milling 
 business ; was Chaiiman of the State Central Demo- 
 cratic Committee ; in 1870 elected Governor of Oregon, 
 and re-elected in 1874. 
 
 Grover, MaHin. — He was a native of New 
 York ; bred a lawyer ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847 ; was a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of New York from 1857 
 to 1859 ; was Judge of the Court of Appeals from 1859 
 for a full term ; was elected an Associate Judge in 
 1870 for fourteen years, and died in Alleghany Coun- 
 ty, New York, August 33, 1875. He acquired a for- 
 tune by his profession, and would never receive more 
 than seven per cent, for his money. 
 
 Grotv, Gahtsha A. — Born in Ashford, Wind- 
 ham County, Connecticut, August 31, 1833 ; was edu- 
 cated at Amherst College, graduating in 1844 ; adopted 
 the law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1847 ; and, having settled among the mountains of 
 Pennsylvania, and his health, in 18.50, being delicate, 
 he amused himself by surveying wild lauds and raft- 
 ing ; and in 1850 he was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania, where he served as a 
 
 member of the Committee on Territories and Public 
 Printing. When Mr. Banks was Speaker of the 
 House of Representatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman 
 of the Committee on Territories ; and during one of 
 the recesses of Congress he visited Europe. He was 
 re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Territories. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was 
 chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. He 
 was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " 
 of 1864. He subsequently resided for several years 
 in Texas, engaged in important business enterprises, 
 but returned to Pennsylvania in 1875, and took an 
 interest in political affairs. 
 
 Grundjl, Felix. — Bom in Virginia, September 
 11, 1770 ; he removed with his father to Kentucky, 
 and was educated at Bardstow-n Academy ; studied 
 law, and soon became distinguished at the bar. He 
 commenced his public career, at the age of twenty- 
 two, as a member of the Convention for revising the 
 Constitution of Kentucky ; was afterwards, for six or 
 seven years, a member of the Legislature of that 
 State. In 1806 he was elected one of the Judges of 
 the Supreme Court of Kentucky, and was soon after 
 Chief Justice. In 1807 he removed to NashvUle, Ten- 
 nessee, and became eminent as a lawyer. From 1811 
 to 1814 he was a Representative in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee, and during several years after was a member 
 of the Legislature of that State. From 1839 to 1838 
 he was United States Senator, and in the latter year 
 was appointed by President Van Buren Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of the United States ; in 1840 he resigned this 
 position, and was again elected Senator. He died at 
 Nashville, Tennessee, December 19, 1840. 
 
 Guerard, Benjamin. — He was Governor of 
 South Carolina from 1783 to 1785 ; Speaker of the 
 House in 1783. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, 
 January, 1789. 
 
 Gil ion, John J, — He was the son of Major 
 James Guion, of the regular army, and born in Nat- 
 chez, Mississippi, in 1801 ; he was a member of the 
 State Senate and President of that body ; also a Judge 
 of the Criminal Court ; in 1851 Governor, pro. tern., of 
 the State, and subsequently a Judge of the District 
 Court of the State. Died at Vicksburg, June 26, 
 1855. 
 
 Giinckel, Lewis B. — He was bom in German- 
 town, Ohio, October 15, 1836 ; graduated at Farmer's 
 College, in 1848, and the law school of Cincinnati 
 College in 1851 ; came to the bar the same year ; was 
 a Delegate to the National Republican Convention in 
 1856 ; a member of the Senate of Ohio in 1863, 1863, 
 1864, and 1865 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; 
 appointed by Congress one of the Managers of the 
 National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, in 
 1864, and re-appointed in 1870 ; was appointed United 
 States Commissioner to investigate Indian frauds, in 
 1871 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Giinn, James. — He was a Senator of the United 
 States from Georgia from 1789 to 1801, and died in 
 Louis%-ille, in that State, July 30, 1801. He was one 
 of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern- 
 ment on tlie Potomac. 
 
 Giinfer, Thomas 31. — He was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, and, after his seat had been 
 contested, he was admitted ; and he was re-elected to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress from Arkansas. In Decem- 
 ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Land Claims. 
 
 Gurley, Henry H, — He was born in Lebanon, 
 
lIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 177 
 
 Connecticut, in 1787 ; was educated at Williamstown 
 College ; studied law and settled at an early day in 
 Louisiana ; and he was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1823 to 1831. He previously 
 held the office of United States Judge of the District 
 Court of Louisiana, and died in 1832. 
 
 Gurley, John A, — Bom in East Hartfoi'd, Con- 
 necticut, December 9, 1813 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied for the Ministry, and was settled 
 as a preacher at Methuen, Massachusetts, from 1834 to 
 1837, when he "removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he 
 published a paper called the Star of the West, for fif- 
 teen years. In 18o8 he was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, officiating as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Commerce, and on Roads and Canals. Died 
 at Cincinnati, August 19, 1863, while holding the of- 
 fice of Governor of Arizona, conferred upon him by 
 President Lincoln. 
 
 Cfusfine, Amos. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843, and 
 died in Lost Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, March 3, 
 1844. 
 
 Guthrie, tTa rues. — He was born near Bardstown, 
 Nelson County, Kentucky, December 5, 1792 ; edu- 
 cated at the Bardstown Academy. When twenty 
 years of age commenced trading with New Orleans as 
 the owner of flat-boats ; studied law, and in his twen- 
 ty-fifth year settled at Louisville as a lawyer. For a 
 time he held the office of Prosecuting Attorney for the 
 county in which he lived, and, for many years, prac- 
 ticed his profession with success. During that period 
 he was shot by a political opponent, and was, in con- 
 sequence, confined to his bed for three years. He 
 served nine years in the Legislature of the State, and 
 six years in the State Senate ; was President of the 
 "State Constitutional Convention" of 1851 ; took an 
 active part in the banking business of Louisville, and, 
 after originating, became President of the Nashville 
 and Louisville Railroad. In 1833 he went into Presi- 
 dent Pierce's cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury ; 
 was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864 ; 
 and was elected a Senator in Congress from Kentucky 
 in 1865, for the term ending in 1871, serving on the 
 Committees on Finance, Agriculture, Patents, Appro- 
 priations, and Mines and Mining. He was also a Del- 
 egate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven- 
 tion" of 1866. Resigned in February, 1868, on ac- 
 count of his health. Died in Louisville, March 13, 
 
 Guy on, James, Jr. — He was born in Richmond 
 County, New York, in 1777 ; represented Staten 
 Island in the Legislature of New York a number of 
 years, and was a member of Congress from 1819 to 
 1821. He died on Staten Island, March 8, 1846. 
 
 Gwin, WiUiam M. — Born in Summer County, 
 Tennessee, October 9, 1803 ; graduated at Transyl- 
 vania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and studied 
 medicine as a profession ; he was appointed United 
 States Marshal for Mississippi ; and elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State, serving from 
 1841 to 1843. He was Commissioner of Public Build- 
 ings to superintend the erection of the New Orleans 
 Custom-House ; a member of the Convention for 
 framing the Constitution of California, and was one 
 of the first United States Senators from that State, 
 having been elected in 1850 for six years, and re 
 elected in 1856 for the term which expired in 1861. 
 He was Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific 
 Railroad, and a member of the Committees on Fi- 
 nance, and on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. During 
 the Rebellion he was arrested and imprisoned for his 
 
 13 
 
 opposition to the Federal Government, but was re- 
 leased on his parole by President Johnson in 1866. 
 After the war he returned to California, where he 
 was largely interested in mining. 
 
 Gwinnett, Sutton. — He was born in England in 
 1732 ; received a good education ; came to America 
 in 1770, and settled in Charleston, South Carolina ; 
 was devoted, first to commercial pursuits, and after- 
 wards to planting, in Georgia : he joined the popular 
 party, and was conspicuous at revolutionary com- 
 mittees ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1775 to 1776, and was one of the signers of 
 the Declaration of Independence. He was a member 
 in 1777 of the Convention to form a State Constitu- 
 tion for Georgia ; was re-elected to Congress, but 
 having fought a duel with General Mcintosh, he was 
 mortally wounded, and died May 27, 1777. 
 
 Habersham, John. — He was born in 1754; a 
 member of the first regiment ever formed In Georgia ; 
 member of the Continental Congress in 1785 and 
 1786 ; Collector of the port of Savannah from 1789 to 
 1799 ; and died in Chatham County, Georgia, Novem- 
 ber 19, 1799. 
 
 Habersham, Joseph. — He was born in Georgia 
 in 1750 ; served ■with distinction in the Revolutionary 
 War as a Lieutenant-Colonel ; was a Delegate from 
 Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 
 1786 ; also a member of the State Assembly ; was 
 appointed by 'Washington Postmaster-General in 
 1795, and having been continued in office by Presi- 
 dents Adams and Jefferson, resigned in 1802, when 
 he became President of the Branch Bank of the 
 United States at Savannah, which he held until his 
 death. He died in Georgia in 1815. 
 
 Habersham, Siehard W. — He was born in 
 Savannah, Georgia, in 1786, and was educated at 
 Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he graduated in 
 1805. He distinguished himself as a lawyer, and 
 occupied many stations of trust in his native State, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 
 1843, where he commanded great respect for his 
 political integrity. He died in Habersham County, 
 Georgia, December 2, 1844. 
 
 HaeJcetf, Thomas C. — He was born in Georgia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of tlie 
 Committee on Indian Affairs. Died at Marietta, 
 Georgia, October 8, 1851. 
 
 Hacklei/, Aaron, Jr. — Born in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, and was a member of the New York 
 Legislature" in 1814, 1815, and 1818, and a Represen- 
 tative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 Haddock, Charles Brickctt. — Bom in Frank- 
 lin, New Hampshire, June 20, 1796 ; graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 1816, and Andover Seminary 
 in 1819 ; was Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres 
 at Dartmouth from 1819 to 1838, and of Intellectual 
 Philosophy and Political Economy from 1838 to 1844 ; 
 was Charge d' Affaires from the United States to Por- 
 tugal from 1851 to 1855 ; was in the Legislature of 
 New Hampshire four years ; introduced the present 
 common-school system of the State ; and was the first 
 school-commissioner under it ; and was the originator 
 of the railroad system of New Hamp.shire. He pub- 
 lished a volume of addresses, etc., including occasional 
 sermons ; was a contributor to the Bihiicfd Reper- 
 tory, the Bihliotheca Sacra, and other periodicals, 
 and made reports for fifteen years on education. 
 Died at West Lebanon, New Hampshire, January 15, 
 1861. 
 
irs 
 
 lIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 TIntlfield, George,— He was born in England, 
 and educated as an architect in London ; received a 
 prize from tlie Royal Academy and traveled on the 
 Continent at its expense ; through the influence of the 
 painter John Trumbull he was appointed to succeed 
 James Hallet as Architect of the Capitol, serving as 
 such from l~f)o to 17fl8 ; his engagement in connection 
 with the Cajntol was terminated because of personal 
 difficulties with John Hoban, which President Wash- 
 ington vainly tried to settle ; but he was subsequent- 
 ly employed to build the City Hall of Washington. 
 
 Ttadley, O. A, — He was ex-officio Governor of 
 Arkansas in the years 1873 and 1873. 
 
 JJtiger, John S, — He was born in Morris County, 
 New Jersey, March 12, 1818 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in" 183G ; admitted to the bar in 1840, and 
 practiced at Morristowu, New Jersey ; went to Cali- 
 fornia in 1849 ; in 1852 was elected to the State 
 Senate and served two years ; in 1855 was elected 
 State Judge for the District of San Francisco, and 
 served six years ; in 1865 and in 1867 elected to the 
 State Senate and served six years ; in 1871 was elect- 
 ed a Regent of the University of California ; and was 
 elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired 
 term of Eugene Casserley, resigned in 1874, for the 
 tenn ending in 1875, ser%-ing on the Committees on 
 Manufactures and Territories. 
 
 Ilaffiier, Peter. — Bom in Philadelphia, October 
 1, 1772 ; and was the son of Valentine Hagner, who 
 served with credit in the War of the Revolution ; 
 graduated at the LTniversity of Pennsylvania ; was for 
 a time clerk in a counting-house ; in 1793 he received 
 from President Washington the appointment of 
 Accountant nf War; removed to Washington City, 
 with the Government ; and in 1817 he was appointed 
 by President Monroe Third Auditor of the Treasury 
 Department. He continued in the public service for 
 fifty-seven years under every President from Wash* 
 ington to Taylor, and was frequently complimented 
 for his official faithfulness on the floor of Congress, 
 and was twice honored hy direct votes in the two 
 Honses of Congress. He resigned his office in October 
 1849, and died in Washington City in July. 1850. He 
 was frequently called upon to settle important claims 
 for the Government outside of his regular duties, be- 
 cause it was thought no other man could do the busi- 
 ness so well. lie was also connected with the city 
 Government of Washington, and for ability and high 
 character left an enviable reputation. 
 
 Halm, tf'ihn. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Ilahn, Michael. — Born in Bavaria, in Novem- 
 ber, 1830 ; was brought to the United States when a 
 child, and settled in Louisiana ; received a public- 
 school education in New Orleans, and received the 
 degree of LL.D. in the University of Louisiana; 
 adopted the profession of law ; and in 1862 was 
 chosen a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, he and B. F. Flanders having been elected 
 during the military rule in Louisiana. He took his 
 seat at the close of the session. In 1864 he was 
 clectetd Governor of Louisiana for the term ending in 
 
 Haighf, Charles. — ^He was bom at Colt's Neck, 
 Monmoirth County, New Jersey, January 4, 1838 ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1857 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1862 as an attorney, and in 
 1864 as a counselor ; was elected to the New Jersey 
 Legislature in 1861 and 1862, and chosen Speaker in 
 the latter year ; ^vas a Delegate to Slate Conventions 
 in 1864 artd '1865 .; was commissioned a Brigadier- 
 General of Militia in 1861, and rendered effective 
 
 service in raising troops for the war ; and in 1866 he 
 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval 
 Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress. 
 
 Haighf, E'Hvard. — Bom in New York city, 
 March 26, 1817 ; was educated at a private school ; 
 entered a counting-house, and turned his whole atten- 
 tion to mercantile pursuits ; became a Director in the 
 National Bank of New York, and subsequently Vice- 
 President of the Bank of the Commonwealth, and 
 finally President, which position he still occupies. 
 Besides acting as a director in six or seven banks and 
 insurance companies, he has frequently served as an 
 officer in various benevolent institutions. In 1860 he 
 was elected a Representative from New Tork to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Manufactures. 
 
 Haigltf, Fletcher M. — He was an emigrant to 
 California, and appointed United States Judge for 
 that District. 
 
 Haighf, Henry Hnntlg. — Was bom in 
 
 Rochester, New York, May 90, 1825; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1844 ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar of St. Louis, in October, 1846 ; settled to 
 practice in San Francisco in 1850. Was appointed 
 United States District Judge of California by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln. He was elected Governor of California, 
 1867, serving till 1871. 
 
 Haile, William, — He was born in 1797, and 
 died at Woodville, MississipjM, March 7, 1837. He 
 was a member of Congress from Mississippi from 1826 
 to 1838. 
 
 Haile)/, John. — He was born in Smitli County, 
 Tennessee, August 39, 1835 ; received a common- 
 school education ; removed to Missouri in 1848 ; went 
 to Oregon in 1853 ; settled in Idaho in 1863, and was 
 elected a Delegate from Idaho to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Haines, Daniel, — He was a native of New 
 Jersey ; elected Governor of the State in 1843, serving 
 one j-ear ; and in 1848 he was re-elected and contin- 
 ued in the office until 1851. 
 
 Haines, Toirnsenrl, — He was appointed in 1850 
 Register of the United States Treasury, but only held 
 the position imtil 1851. 
 
 Hahlenian, Jacob S. — He was a citizen of 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1861 he was appointed Minister 
 Resident to Sweden and Norway, where he remained 
 until 1864. 
 
 Haltleinan, Bichard </.— He was born in 
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1831 ; studied at 
 Partridge's Military School ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1851 ; the same year he visited Europe, and 
 studied a short time in the Universities of Berlin and 
 Heidelberg ; in 1853 be went, as Attache of Legation, 
 to Paris, and also to St. Petersburg ; he traveled 
 throughout Scandinavia, Central and Southern 
 Europe, and the Far East ; in 1857 purchased the 
 Daily and Wtekly Patriot and Unitm, in Harrisburg, 
 and edited it until 1860 ; in 1860 he was a Delegate to 
 the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions ; was elect- 
 ed to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Census, Land Claims, and Agriculture. 
 
 Hale, Artenias, — Bom in Winchendon, Worces- 
 ter County, Massachusetts, October 20, 1783, and 
 pursued the occupation of a farmer until twenty -one 
 years of age, having received only a common-school 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 179 
 
 education. He was a teacher in Hingham for ten 
 years, and then removed to Bridgewater, where he 
 engaged in manufacturing. He was a Representative 
 in the Legislature for several years, and a State Sen- 
 ator in 1833 and 1834. In 18.53 he was a member of 
 the "State Constitutional Convention," and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 184.5 
 to 1849. In 1864 he was also a Presidential Elector. 
 
 Hale, Charles. — Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
 June 7, 1831 ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1850 ; in 1853 established and edited To-day a Lit- 
 erary journal ; was subsequently editor of the Boston 
 Daily Advertiser ; and was United States Consul to 
 Egypt from 1864 to 1870. Assistant Secretary of 
 State 1873 to 1874 ; contributed to the North Ameri- 
 can Beiiiew and the American Almanac. 
 
 IT(ih\ Eiif/ene. — He was born in Turner, Oxford 
 County, Maine, .June 9, 1836 ; studied law, and came 
 to the Ijar in lt<57 ; during the latter year he was ap- 
 pointed Attorney for Hancock County, and \vas three 
 times re-appointed ; in 1866 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, serving two years ; and in 1868 he 
 was elected a Representative from Maine to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Naval Affairs and the State Department. Re-elected 
 to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Appropriations. 
 
 Hale, ,Tamef> T. — He was born in Bradford 
 County, Pennsylvania, in October, 1810 ; received a 
 common-school education ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1833 ; in 1851 he was appointed 
 President Judge of the Twentieth Judicial District of 
 Penn.sylvania ; and in 1838 was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Claims and on Roads and Canals. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was 
 Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Died at Belle- 
 fonte, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1865. 
 
 Hale, John P. — Born in Rochester, Strafford 
 County, New Hampshire, March 31, 1806. After 
 preparing himself at Exeter Academy, he entered 
 Bowdoin College, and graduated in 1837. He studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; in 1833 he 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1834 lie was 
 appointed by President Jackson District Attorney for 
 New Hampshire, and re-appointed by President Van 
 Buren ; in 1843 he was elected a Representative in 
 Congress ; in 1846 he was again elected to the State 
 Legislature, and chosen Speaker ; in 1847 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress, and after serving until 
 1853, devoted himself for two years to his profession, 
 and was re-elected in 1835 "to the United States 
 Senate ; and in 1859 was re-elected for the term end- 
 ing in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs, and member of that on Post Offices 
 and Post Roads. In 1853 he was the Free-Soil candi- 
 date for Vice-President of the United St.ates. Soon 
 after leaving the Senate, March 10, 1865, he was ajj- 
 pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Spain. 
 Died at Dover, November 18, 1873. 
 
 Hale, Hobert S, — Bom in Chelsea, Orange 
 County, Vermont, September 24, 1833 ; graduated at 
 the University of Vermont in 1843 ; studied law, and 
 after coming to the bar settled in the practice of his 
 profession at Elizabeth town, Essex County, New 
 York ; was Judge of Essex County from 1856 "to 1864 ; 
 was appointed in 1859 a Regent of the University of 
 New York ; in 1860 he was a Presidential Elector ; 
 and he was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the place of Orlando i 
 Kellogg-, deceased, serving on the Committee:; on the ' 
 
 Militia, Manufactures, and Retrenchment. He was 
 also a Delegate to the " National Union Convention " 
 at Philadelphia, in 1866. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress. He was for several years engaged 
 by the United States as Special Counsel under the 
 Treaty of Washington. 
 
 Hale, Sal ma. — Bom at Alstead, New Hamp- 
 shire, March 7, 1787 ; was a printer at Walpole, New 
 Hampshire ; at the age of eighteen edited in that 
 place the Political Observatory ; subsequently studied 
 law. From 1812 to 1834, with the exception of a few 
 years, was Clerk of the Supreme Court of Cheshire ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819 ; 
 afterwards practiced at the bar ; and was a member 
 of the Legislature from 1833 to 1835 ; Secretary of 
 the Board of Commissioners under the Treaty of 
 Ghent. In 1835 published "History of the United 
 States," for schools. In 1836, " Annals of Keene ; " 
 " History of the United States," London, 1836, and 
 other literary works. He died at Keene, November 
 18, 1806. 
 
 Hale, William, — He was one of the most influ- 
 ential men of New Hampshire, and a member of Con- 
 gress from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1817. 
 Died at Dover, November 8, 1848, aged eighty-four 
 years. 
 
 Haley, Elisha. — He was born in Connecticut, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 JIoll, Allen A, — Bom in North Carolina; prac- 
 ticed law at Nashville, and was for thirty years con- 
 nected with the leading papers there ; was Charge 
 d'Affaires to Venezuela from 1841 to 1845 ; Assistant 
 Secretary of the United States Treasury in 1849 and 
 1850 ; edited the Repnhlic at Washington ; afterward 
 edited the Daily News from 1857 to 1859, at Nash- 
 ville ; was Minister to Bolivia from 1863 to 1867. 
 Died at Cochabamba, Bolivia, May 18, 1867. 
 
 Hall, Asaph, — He was born in Goshen, Litch- 
 field County, Connecticut, October 15, 18-30 ; received 
 a common-school education ; was a student and as- 
 sistant at the Harvard College Observatory from 1857 
 to 1862 ; was appointed Aid in the United States 
 Naval Observatory in 1863 ; and in 1863 a Professor 
 of Mathematics in the National Obser\-atory, where 
 he still continues. 
 
 Hall, Airgnsfns, — Was bom in Batavia, New 
 York, April 39, 1814 ; educated at Middlebury Acad- 
 emy in that State ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1836 ; removed to Marysville, Ohio, in 
 1837 ; was County Attorney from 1840 to 1843 ; re- 
 moved to Kessauque, Iowa, in 1844 ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 18.53 ; in 1854 was elected to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress from Iowa ; was admitted to 
 practice before the Supreme Court of the United 
 States in 1857 ; and the same year was Chief Justice 
 of Nebraska. Died near Bellevue, Nebraska, Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1861. 
 
 Hall, Henjamin F. — He was born in New 
 York, and was appointed from that State Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for the Territory of Colo- 
 rado, residing at Denver City. 
 
 Hall, Boiling, — He was a member of Congress 
 from Georgia from 1811 to 1817 ; died near Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama, March 23, 1836, aged sixty-seven 
 years. 
 
 Hall, Cliapin, — Born in Ellicott, Cliautauqua 
 County. New York, July 13, 1816 ; received a good 
 English education ; has devoted his life to mercan- 
 
180 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tile pursuits in connection with lumbering ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Hall, Dai'Ul. — He was Governor of Delaware 
 from 1802 to 1805. 
 
 Hall, Doniiuicic Augustine. — Bom in North 
 Carolina in 1765 ; commenced the practice of law in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, and was District Judge 
 of Orleans Territory from 1809 till 1812, when it be- 
 came the State of Louisiana ; he was then appointed 
 United States Judge of the State, in which position 
 he continued during his life. Owing to the military 
 operations against New Orleans, his court was ordered 
 to be adjourned for two months from December 15, 
 1814. In March, 1815, while the city was under 
 Martial Law, Judge Hall was arrested by General 
 Jackson for having granted a writ of habeas corpus 
 to a person arre.sted by his authority. He was re- 
 leased March 14, and immediately summoned General 
 Jackson to answer for a Contempt of Court, result- 
 ing in a judgment against him, and a fine of one 
 thousand dollars, which he paid. It was, however, 
 refunded to him, with interest, in 1844; by an Act of 
 Congress. He died in New Orleans, December 19, 
 1820. 
 
 Hall, George. — He was born in New Haven, 
 Connecticut ; was a member of the Assembly of New 
 York in 1810, and a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 Hall, Hilauil. — He was born in Bennington, 
 Vermont, July 20, 1795. He spent his boyhood on 
 his father's fai-m, receiving, as he could, a good Eng- 
 lish education ; studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1819 ; in 1827 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and afterwards, for several years, was 
 State's Attorney ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont from 1833 to 1843, officiating 
 for several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Revolutionary Claims. He was also Bank Commis 
 sioner for Vermont from 1843 to 1846 ; four years 
 Judge of the Supreme Court ; in 18.50 Second Comp- 
 troller of the Treasury ; and in 1851 was appointed, 
 by President Fillmore, Land Commissioner for Cali- 
 fornia, where he remained until 1854. He subse- 
 quently resided on the farm where he was born, and 
 was elected Governor of Vermont in 1858 ; in 1859 he 
 received from the University of Vermont the degree 
 of LL, D. , and served as a Delegate to the "Peace 
 Congress " of 1861. 
 
 Hall, John. — He was a Delegate from Maryland 
 to the Constitutional Convention from 1775 to 1776 
 and from 1783 to 1784. 
 
 Hall, ,Tohn,—BoTn in Virginia, but went to 
 North Carolina at an early age ; received a good ed- 
 ucation, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1809 
 he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court ; and 
 from 1818 to .1832 was a Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of North Carolina, and died soon after leaving the 
 bench. 
 
 Hall, .Joseph. — He was born in Essex County, 
 Massachusetts, June 26, 1793 ; received a limited 
 education ; after leaving Andover Academy, went to 
 Maine, and was a clerk in a store until he was twenty- 
 one years of age ; served as Lieutenant of Militia 
 in 1813 and 1814 ; from 1817 until 1819 was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits ; was Sheriff of two counties 
 for twelve years ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 
 fre?s from Maine from 1833 to 1837, having been the 
 rst Northern man who voted against receiving 
 slavery petitions. Before entering Congress he was 
 
 for four years Postmaster of Camden, Maine ; and, 
 by President Polk, was appointed Navy Agent of 
 Boston in 1849. He has since been connected with 
 the Boston Custom House. 
 
 Hall, Lawrence TF. — He was bom in Lake 
 County, Ohio, in 1819 ; was educated in that State ; 
 graduated at Hudson in 1839 ; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1843 ; practiced his profession until 1851, when 
 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 
 which position he held until 1856, when he was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit- 
 tees on Agriculture and on Public Buildings and 
 Grounds. During the troubles of 1862 he was im- 
 prisoned for alleged disloyalty, and died soon after 
 his release, in Ohio, January 26, 1863. 
 
 Hall, Lgnian.—He was born in Connecticut in 
 1725; graduated at Yale College in 1747; studied 
 medicine and established himself in Sunbury, Geor- 
 gia. He early espoused the American cause ; was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 
 1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence. 
 His property was confiscated by the British ; in 1783 
 he was elected Governor of Georgia ; and he died in 
 that State in 1791. 
 
 Hall, Nathan Ji:.— Born March 28, 1810, at 
 Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York. He read 
 law in the office of Mr. (afterwards President) Fill- 
 more, and became his partner in the practice of their 
 profession at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, in 
 1832. He has held different administrative and judi- 
 cial offices in his native State ; served as a member of 
 the State Legislature, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fillmore's ac- 
 cession to the Presidency, in July, 1850, he was 
 appointed to the office of Postmaster-General. He 
 was subsequently appointed Judge of the United 
 States District Court for Western New York. Died 
 in Buffalo, March 2, 1874. 
 
 Hall, Oheil. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Hall, Robert B. — Born in Boston, Massachu- 
 .setts, January 28, 1812 ; was educated for the minis- 
 try ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 
 1855 : was elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress in that year, and was re-elected to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress in 18.57, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Hall, Thomas H. — Born in Edgecombe County, 
 North Carolina, in 1773 ; was educated for the medi- 
 cal profession ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1835. In 
 1836 he served as a member of the State Senate, and 
 voted against the reception of any of the surplus re- 
 v<mue of the United States Treasury by the State of 
 North Carolina. He died in Tarborough, June 30, 
 1853. 
 
 Hall, Willard, — He was born in Westford, 
 Massachusetts, December 24, 1780 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1799 ; he studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Ijar in 1803 ; he removed to Delaware 
 and practiced his profession there; in 1811 he was 
 elected Secretary of State in Delaware, and held that 
 office three years ; he was elected a Representative 
 in Congress in 1816, and re-elected in 1818 ; lie was 
 again Secretary of State in 1821 ; in 1822 he was 
 elected to the Legislature ; and in 1823 was appointed 
 by President Monroe District Judge of the United 
 States for Delaware ; in 1829 he revised the State 
 Laws of Delaware, and in 1831 he was a member of 
 the *' State Constitutional Convention." He was also 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 181 
 
 a man of influeuce in the religious world ; was a 
 Sunday-school teacher for forty years ; the father of 
 the public school system of the State ; and he was an 
 earnest advocate of the idea that lawyers ought 
 always to be religious men. Died in Wilmington, in 
 May,' 1875. 
 
 Hall, Willard P. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and, on taking up his residence in Missouri, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 
 1853. He was Lieutenant-Governor of that State in 
 1861 and 1863, and Acting Governor. 
 
 Hall, William. — He was born in 1774, and 
 died in Sumner County, Tennessee, in October, 1856. 
 He was a General of Militia; and a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Hall, JT'illiavi A, — He was born in Maine, 
 taken to Virginia in early childhood, and emigrated 
 to Missouri hi 1841. In 1844 he was a Presidential 
 Elector ; in 1847 was appointed a Judge of the 
 Circuit Court ; was a member of the " Missouri Con- 
 vention " of 1861 ; was elected a Representative from 
 Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, in place of 
 J. B. Clark, expelled ; and in 1863 was re-elected to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Roads and Canals and Expenditures in the 
 Post Office Department. He was also a Delegate to 
 the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Phila- 
 delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Hallet, Stephen. — He was born in France and 
 educated in Paris ; he came to America before the 
 Revolution and settled in Philadelphia as an archi- 
 tect ; in 1793 he removed to Washington City and 
 was employed to assist in making plans for the pub- 
 lic buildings, and was the designer of the original 
 Capitol ; because of a disagreement with the authori- 
 ties he remained in office only two years. His ]>lans 
 were adopted, l)ut he was not permitted to carry them 
 out ; and although he resorted to the law for redress 
 he was defeated, and consequently suffered greatly 
 in his financial interests. 
 
 Halleff, iff OSes. — He was born in Illinois ; emi- 
 grated to Colorado ; and in 1874 he was appointed an 
 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Ter- 
 ritory of Colorado, residing at Pueblo. 
 
 JIallock, .John, Jr. — He was born in Orange 
 County, New York, and was a member of the Assem- 
 l)lv of New York State from Orange County, in 1816 
 and 1817, and from 1830 to 1831 ; and a R'epresent- 
 ative in Congress from 1825 to 1839. 
 
 Halloivay, Ransom. — A Representative in 
 Congress from the Eighth Congressional District of 
 New York, from 1849 to 1851. He died in Mount 
 Pleasant, Prince George County, Maryland, April 6, 
 1851. 
 
 Halli/btD'fOH, JTaines D. — He was a native of 
 A'irginia, and about the year 1844 was appointed 
 United States Judge for the Eastern District of Vir- 
 
 Halsey, George A. — He was born in Spring- 
 field. Essex County, New Jersey, December 7, 1S37 ;• 
 in 1844 he settled in Newark and became engaged in 
 the manufacturing business ; in 1861 and 1863 he 
 was elected to the State Assembly ; in the latter year 
 he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for 
 the Fifth District of New Jersey, which he held un- 
 til 1866; and was elected a Representative from New 
 Jersey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Retrenchment and the District of Colum- 
 bia. In 1864 he was Collector of Internal Revenue 
 
 at Newark. New Jersey ; and was reelected to the 
 Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Halsey, Jehiel H. — He was a member of the 
 New York Sen.ite from 1833 to 1835, having previ- 
 ously been a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 1839 to 1831. 
 
 Halsey, yicoll, — He was a memher of the 
 New York Assemhly from Tompkins County in 1834, 
 and a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Halsey, Silas, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807, and, 
 having previously been in the Assembly of that State 
 for several years, was subsequently, for one year, a 
 member of the State Senate. 
 
 Halsey, Tf'illiam. — He was born in New Jersey 
 in 1770, and received a good education, adopting the 
 profession of law ; he was at one time Mayor of New- 
 ark ; for many years a Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas ; and, at the time of his death, the oldest lawyer 
 in the State. Died at Newark, August 16, 1843. 
 
 Halsted, Villiam. — He was bom in New 
 Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1813 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He 
 was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth 
 Congress, but, although he came with the broad seal 
 of his State, he was not admitted. 
 
 Ham, John, — He was a citizen of Ohio, and 
 Charge d' Affaires to Chili from 1830 to 1833. 
 
 Hanthleton, Samuel, — Born in Talbot County, 
 Maryland, in 1813 ; received an academical educa- 
 tion ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; was 
 elected to the House of Delegates in 1834, 1835, and 
 1853 ; to the State Senate from 1844 to 1850 ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1844 ; President of the Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio Canal in 1853 and 1854 ; and elected 
 a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Build- 
 ings and Territories. Re-elected to the Forty-second 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Hamer, Thomas L. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania ; removed to Ohio when quite young ; taught 
 a" common school ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 In 1831 ; served several sessions in the State Legisla- 
 ture, and was once elected Speaker. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1839, and 
 died at Monterey, Mexico, while serving in the war, 
 December 3, 1846. He entered the army as a private, 
 and was promoted at once to the rank of Brigadier- 
 General. It has been said to his credit that he was 
 the Representative who nominated General U. S. 
 Grant, as a Cadet to West Poijit. 
 
 Ham ill, Pa f rick. — Born in Alleghany County, 
 Maryland, April 28, 1817 ; received a private and 
 common-school education, and settled in Cumberland ; 
 was bred to the trade of a carpenter, but never 
 worked as such ; in 1841 he was appointed Tax Col- 
 lector for his County, and held the office two years ; 
 devoted some attention to mercantile pursuits ; was 
 elec ed to the State Assembly in 1843 and 1844 ; was 
 seven years Judge of the Orphans' Court of Alle- 
 ghany County ; subsequently paid attention to the 
 business of stock-raising on his farm known as 
 "Cranberry Glade;" in 1867 he was again elected 
 Judge of Probate ; and he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Maryland to the Forty-first Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Conmiittees on Public Expenditures and 
 the Navy Department. 
 
183 
 
 BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 HamiUoH, A. H.—Be received a common-scbool 
 education ; studied law, and devoted himself to that 
 profession and politics ; and in 1874 was elected a 
 Representative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Hamilton, AlexaHiler.—BoTn in the island 
 of St. Croix, of American parents, in 1757 ; when six- 
 teen years of age he came to New Yorli, and spent 
 three years in King's College ; two years afterwards 
 he entered the army as an officer of artillery, and be- 
 came an Aid-de-Camp to Washington, with the rank 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel ; he acquitted himself with 
 credit at the siege of Yorktown ; after the war he 
 quitted the army, and turned his attention to the law in 
 New York ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress in 1783 and 1783, and in 1787 and 1788 ; in 1786 he 
 was elected to the State Assembly ; and he was elected 
 to the Convention which formed the Federal Constitu- 
 tion. By his writings, signed Publius, he did much 
 to secure its adoption, but was the only member from 
 New York who signed that instrument. In 1789 he 
 was appointed, by Washington, Secretary of the 
 Treasury, and continued in that ollice until 17U5, 
 when he resigned. In 17'J8 he was associated witli 
 Wiishington in command of the army ; and in 1804 
 he had a difficulty with Aaron Burr, which resulted 
 in a duel, which took place at Hoboken, and, having 
 received a fatal shot, died on the following day, July 
 13, 1804. He was the autlior of a great variety of 
 able essays on politics and finance, and especially of 
 the largest number of chapters published in the 
 Federalist, and his collected writings were published 
 in an edition of seven volumes in 1850. 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew J. — Born in Madison 
 County, Alabama, January 28, 1815 ; received a good 
 common-school education, spending his earlier years 
 on his father's farm. He lield for some years the po- 
 sition of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and did btisiness 
 as a merchant ; he subsequently studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar ; in 1846 he removed to Texas, 
 and devoted himself to his profession. In that State 
 he held the office of Attorney-General ; served fre- 
 quently in the Legislature ; in 1856 was a Presidential 
 Elector ; and was elected a Representative from Texas 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Select Committee of Thirty-three. In 1863 he 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Military Governor 
 of Texas ; and in 1835, by President Johnson, Provis- 
 ional Governor of the same State. He was also a Del- 
 egate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" 
 of 1866, and to the " Soldiers' Convention," held at 
 Pittsburg. He was also a Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the State; member of the State Constitutional 
 Convention ; and brother of Morgan C. Hamilton. 
 Died at Austin, Texas, April 11, 1875. 
 
 Hamilton, Charles M.— Born in Clinton Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, in November, 1840 ; in 1861 he en- 
 tered the Union Army as a private, participated in 
 sixteen battles, and was wounded three times, — at 
 Gaines' Mill, Antietam, and Fredericksburg ; was for 
 a time confined in Libby Prison ; in October, 1863, he 
 was appointed a Lieutenant in the Veteran Reserve 
 Corps ; was appointed a Judge Advocate, in which 
 capacity he served until 1865 ; was subsequently a 
 Commissioner of Refugees in Florida ; and on being 
 mustered out of service, early in 1868, he turned his 
 attention to the practice of law ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Florida to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on the District of Columbia and Educa- 
 tion and Labor. 
 
 Hamilton, Cornelius S. — He was born in 
 
 Muskingum County, Ohio, January 3, 1821 ; received 
 a common-school education ; studied law, but in addi- 
 tion to practicing that profession he paid some atten- 
 tion to fanning and banking, and edited a newspaper; 
 in 1850 he was elected to the "State Constitutional 
 Convention ;" in 18.56 to the Senate of the State ; was 
 subsequently appointed an Assessor of Internal Rev- 
 enue, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Private Land Claims and Invalid Pen- 
 sions. He was called from his duties in Washington 
 to attend upon a son, who had suddenly become in- 
 sane, and bv that son, in an unguarded moment, he 
 was killed at Marysville. Ohio, December 21, 1867. 
 
 Hamilton, James. — Born in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, in 1789 ; was liberally educated, and adopted 
 the law as a profession. In 1813 he served vnih dis- 
 tinction on the Canadian frontier ; was for several 
 years Mayor of Charleston ; in 1833 was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; and from that position was trans- 
 ferred to the National House of Representatives, 
 where he remained until 1839. He was subsequently 
 chosen Governor of South Carolina, and, becoming 
 interested in the Republic of Texas, helped to promote 
 her independence, and went to Europe as Minister 
 Plenipotentiary from that Republic. He did much 
 to promote the interests of his native city and State, 
 and was one of the founders of the Southern Quar- 
 terly Review, and also of the Bank of Charleston. 
 At the time of his death he was a Senator elect in 
 Congress from Texas, but was drowned on his passage 
 to Texas, November 15, 1857, by a collision between 
 the steamers Galveston and Opelousas, having been a 
 passenger on board the latter steamer. 
 
 Hamilton, -John.— Re was at one time High 
 Sheriff of Washington County, Pennsylvania, and a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1805 to 1807. He died at home, August 31, 1837. 
 
 Hamilton, Morgan C— He was born near 
 the town of Hnntsvi'lle, in the State of Alabama, 
 February 25, 1809 ; received a country-school educa- 
 tion ; was brought up to mercantile pursuits ; re- 
 moved to the Republic of Texas in 1837 ; was a 
 clerk in the War Department from 1839 until 1845, 
 acting as Secretary of War a portion of the time ; 
 was appointed Comptroller of the Treasury of the 
 State in 1867 ; was elected a Delegate to the Consti- 
 tutional Convention in 1868 ; was elected to the United 
 States Senate on the reconstruction of Texas, and took 
 his seat in 1870; was also elected for the term com- 
 mencing iu 1871 and ending in 1877, serving on the 
 Committees on Pensions and Railroads. 
 
 Hamilton, Paul.— Bom in South Carolina; 
 was a patriot of the Revolution ; was appointed in 
 1799 Comptroller of South Carolina, which office he 
 held over five years. In 1804 he was elected Gover- 
 nor of the State. In 1809 he was appointed Secre- 
 tary of the Navy, and held the office until 1813, 
 when he resigned. He died at Beaufort, Juno 30, 
 1816. 
 
 Ham ilfon, BoberL—Ue was born in Hamburg, 
 Sussex County, New Jersey, December 5, 1816 ; re- 
 ceived an academic education; studied law, and ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1836, and as a counselor in 1840 ; 
 was Prosecutor of Pleas fifteen years ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature in 18e3'and 1864, serving the 
 last year as Speaker ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims ; 
 he was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hamilton, William T.— Was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Maryland, September 8, 1820; edu- 
 cated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; studied 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 183 
 
 and practiced law ; was a member of the Legislature 
 in 1846 ; a Represeuiative in Congress from Maryland 
 from 1849 to 1855 ; was elected to the United States 
 Senate and took his seat in 1869. Ilis term of 
 ofBce expired in 1875. He has never been fond of 
 puljlic office, and in 1861 declined the nomination for 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 
 Hamlin, Edward S. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Ohio from 1844 to 1845. 
 
 Hanilin, Ilannibal, — Born in Paris, Oxford 
 County, Maine, August 27, 1809 ; prepared himself 
 for a collegiate education, but, owing to his father's 
 death, was obliged to talie charge of his farm, where 
 he remained until he was of age ; he then spent a 
 year in a printing-office as a compositor; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 183ii, and con- 
 tinued in active practice until 1848 ; was a member 
 of the Maine Legislature from 1836 to 1840 ; and 
 Speaker of the House in 1837, 1839, and 1840 ; was 
 elected a Representative to the Twenty-eighth Con- 
 gress, and re-elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress ; 
 was again a member of tbe House of Representatives 
 in the State Legislature in 1847; and elected to the 
 United States Senate, May 26, 1848, for four years, to 
 fill a vacancy occasioned by the decease of John Fair- 
 field. He was re-elected for six years in 1851, and 
 elected Governor of Maine. January 7, 1857. resigning 
 his seat in the Senate and being inaugurated Gover- 
 nor the same day. On the IGtli of the same 
 month was re-elected United States Senator for six 
 years, and resigned the office of Governor, February 
 20, 1857. He served as a member of the Committees 
 on Commerce and on the District of Col umbia. In 
 i860 he was nominated by the Republican party as 
 their candidate for the office of Vice-President, and 
 was elected. \i\ 1865 he was appointed by President 
 Johnson Collector of Customs for the port of Boston. 
 In 1869 he took his seat in the Senate for the fourth 
 term, serving on various important Committees, and 
 as Chairman of that on Mines and Mining. 
 
 Hamitiet, William J, — He was born in Vir 
 ginia ; studied divinity ; was Chaplain of the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia, when he finished his education ; was 
 at one time Chaplain of Congress ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Jlaniniontl, Abrani A. — He was born in Brat- 
 tleboro', Vermont, in March, 1814 ; went to Indiana 
 when a youth ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1835 ; after residing in various places, in 18.50 he 
 was made a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 
 Indianapolis ; emigrated to California in 1852, but 
 returned to Indiana in 1854, locating at Terre Haute ; 
 in 1860 he was elected Governor of the State, serving 
 until 1861 ; and having gone to Colorado for his 
 health, died in Denver, August 27, 1874. 
 
 Ilafnmond, Edward. — He was born in Mary- 
 land, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Hammond, Jabez D, — He was a lawyer and 
 popular political writer of New York ; did not re- 
 ceive a collegiate education, but Union College con- 
 ferred on him the degree of A.M. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 
 1817, and, on the expiration of his term, he was 
 elected to the State Senate, of which he was a mem- 
 ber until 1831. He visited Europe in 1830, to restore 
 his health. He was elected County Judge in 1838, 
 and about that time commenced his "Political His- 
 tory of the State of New York." In 1845 he was 
 elected to succeed Mr. Van Buren as a Regent of the 
 University of New York, and held the office until his 
 death. After his return from Europe, having with- 
 
 drawn in a measure from public and professional 
 life, he devoted himself to literary pursuits and pub- 
 lished works entitled "Julius Melbourn," "The Po- 
 litical History of New York," and the " Life and Times 
 of Silas Wright." He died August 18, 1855, In Cherry 
 Valley, New York, his place of residence. 
 
 Hammond, James J/.— Born in Newbury 
 District, South Carolina, November 15. 1807 ; gradu- 
 ated at the State College, Columbia, in 1837 ; prac- 
 ticed law from 1828 to 1830 ; was editor of the 
 Southern Times ; served his native State in Congress 
 from 1835 to 1837 ; after which he visited Europe for 
 his health. In 1841 he was appointed a General of 
 Militia ; and in 1843 elected Governor of South Caro- 
 lina. After spending about fifteen years in the quiet 
 enjoyment of his plantation on the Savannah River, 
 devoting himself to agricultural and literary pursuits, 
 he was, in November, 1857, elected to the United 
 States Senate in place of A. P. Butler, but withdrew 
 in December, 1860. He died at his residence, Novem- 
 ber 13, 1864. 
 
 Hammond, Robert H. — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1837 to 1841. Died June 3, 
 1847. 
 
 Hammond, Samuel. — Bom in Richmond 
 County, Virginia, September 21, 1757 : received as 
 good an education as the country afforded at the 
 time. When quite young he volunteered in an ex- 
 pedition against the Indians under Governor Dun- 
 more, and acquired distinction at the battle of the 
 Kanawha. When the Revolution broke out he dis- 
 played great bravery and ability at the battle of 
 Long Bridge, at the siege of Savannah, where he 
 was made Assistant Quartermaster ; at the battle of 
 Black Stocks, he had three horses shot from under 
 him, and was wounded. He was a member of the 
 " Council of Capitulation " at Charleston ; was at the 
 battle of King's Mountain. He was also at the siege 
 of Augusta ; at the battle of Cowpens ; the battle of 
 Eutaw, where he was again badly wounded ; and also 
 at many others. After the war he settled at Savannah, 
 and held many positions of trust and honor; in 1703 
 he headed a volunteer corps, and did good service in 
 the Creek country ; served a number of years In the 
 Georgia Legislature ; was one of th^ early Gover- 
 nors of the State: and a Representative in Con- 
 gress fmm that State from 1803 to 1805. He was 
 appointed by President Jefferson Military and Civil 
 Commandant of Upper Louisiana ; and Receiver of 
 Public Monev in Missouri. He was also President of 
 the Bank of St. Louis. In 1834, he returned to 
 South Carolina, and was elected to the Legislature of 
 that State ; was appointed Surveyor-General ; and in 
 1831, Secretary of State. He retired from public life 
 in 1835, and died September 11, 1843, leaving behind 
 a brilliant reputation both as a patriot and as a man. 
 
 Hammons, David. — He was born in Oxford 
 County, Maine, in 1807 ; received a limited education; 
 studied law and commenced the practice in Lovell, 
 Oxford County, in 1836 ; was a member of the Senate 
 of Maine in 1840 and 1841 ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maine from 1 847 to 1849. Now liv- 
 ing in Bethel, Maine, devoted to his profession. 
 
 Hamtnons, Joseph. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833 ; 
 and died at Farmington, in that State, April, 1836. 
 
 Hampton, James G.—He was bom in New 
 
 Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1835 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from his native 
 State from 1845 to 1849. 
 
ISi 
 
 ilOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Hampton, Moses. — Born in Beaver County, 
 Peuusylviiuia, October 28, 1803, but removed with his 
 father to Trumbull County, Ohio, so that his oppor- 
 tunities for even a common-school education were 
 limited ; he, however, by his own exertions, obtained 
 a classical education, and graduated at Washington 
 College, Pennsylvania. He studied law at Uniontown, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1839, and commenced 
 to practice in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he re- 
 mained until 1838, and then went to Pittsburg, and 
 pursued the practice of his profession. From 1847 to 
 1851, he was a Representative in Congress from Penn- 
 sylvania, and declined a re-election. In 1853 he was 
 elected President Judge of the District Court for Alle- 
 ghany County, and still holds that office. 
 
 Hninpfoii, Wade. — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina in 1775 ; he took an active! part in the war of 
 the Revolution ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 17i)5 to 1797, and from 1803 to 
 1805 ; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; also in 1829 ; 
 commanded a brigade in 1813 on the northern fron- 
 tier ; he spent the larger part of his life engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits, by which he amassed a very 
 large fortune, having been called the richest planter 
 in the United States. He died at "Columbia, South 
 Carolina, February 4, 1834. 
 
 Hanchett, Luther, — Was born in Portage 
 County, Ohio, October 25, 1835 ; received a good edu- 
 cation at Fremont ; studied law and commenced the 
 practice when twenty-one years of age ; emigrated to 
 Wisconsin in 1849 ; spent some time engaged in the 
 lead and lumbering business ; was four years District 
 Attorney for Portage County in his adopted State ; 
 from 1856 to 1860 was a member of the Wisconsin 
 Senate ; and in 1860 he was elected a Representative 
 from Wisconsin to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures, and 
 Private Land Claims. Died at Madison, Wisconsin, 
 November 36, 1863. 
 
 Hnneock, Georqe. — He was a Rejiresentative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797. He 
 served as a Colonel in the Revolution ; was greatly 
 beloved by his associates ; and died at Fotheringay, 
 Virginia, August 1, 1820, in the sixty-!5ixth year of 
 his age. 
 
 Ilancoek, John. — Born near Quincy, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1737 ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1754 ; was bred to commercial pursuits in the counting- 
 house of an uncle, and visited Europe in 1760, and be- 
 came a successful merchant. He was for many years 
 one of the selectmen of Boston ; in 1766 went into the 
 General Assembly of the State, where he became dis- 
 tinguished for his ability. He was among the first to 
 repel the policy of England, and the first vessel seized 
 by the revenue officers was his property. In 1774 he 
 was unanimously elected President of the Provincial 
 Coug:ress, and, having been elected a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1775, he was chosen Presi- 
 dent of that body, serving as such two years and a 
 half, and as a Delegate from 1775 to 1780, and from 
 1785 to 1786. He was the first man to sign the Decla- 
 ration of Independence, and his peculiar signature is 
 universally known ; and he also signed the Articles of 
 Confederation. He was a member of the Convention 
 to form a State Constitution ; was Governor of Massa- 
 chusetts for five years, after the adoption of its Con- 
 stitution ; and, under the Federal Constitution, from 
 1789 to near the close of the year 1793, when he died, 
 October 8. He was a bold and high-toned patriot, and 
 possessed all the personal qualities of a good man 
 and a true gentleman. 
 
 Hancock, John, — He was born in Jackson 
 County, Alabama, October 29, 1824 ; educated partly 
 
 in Alabama and in Tennessee ; studied law, and ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1846 ; settled in Texas in 1847, 
 practicing his profession until 1851, when he was 
 elected to the District Bench of the State, and serving 
 as Judge until 1855, when he resigned ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature in 186U and 1861 ; refused 
 to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate 
 States, and was expelled ; was elected a member of 
 the State Constitutional Convention of 1866 ; and since 
 then has been engaged in the practice of his profession, 
 and stock-raising ; was elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Appropriations and the Centennial ; and he 
 was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hand, Augustus C — He was born in Shore- 
 ham, Addison County, Vermont, in 1806 ; and having 
 adopted the profession of law, settled at Elizabeth- 
 town, Essex County, New York. He was Surrogate 
 of that county from 1831 to 1839 ; a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841 ; a 
 member of the State Senate from 1845 to 1848 ; and 
 was a Justice of the Supreme Court from 1848 to 
 1856 ; after which he was wholly devoted to the 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 Hand, Edward, — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress, in 1784 
 and 1785. 
 
 Handle)/, WiUiam A, — Was born near Frank- 
 lin, Georgia, December 15, 1834 ; removed when 
 young to Alabama, where he was educated at a vil- 
 lage school ; was a United States mail-carrier for two 
 years ; a Post-Ofiice Clerk ; for many years a Mall 
 Contractor; was engaged in mercantile pursuits in 
 the service of the Confederate States as a civil and 
 military officer from 1861 to 1865 ; and was elected to 
 the Forty-second Congress as Representative from 
 Alabama, serving ontlie Committee on Revolutionary 
 Claims. 
 
 Hanks, James iU".— Was born in Helena, Ar- 
 kansas, February 13, 1833 ; received a common-school 
 education ; was a student at the Colleges of New Al- 
 bany, Indiana, and Columbia. Tennessee ; studied 
 law, graduated at the University of Louisville, in 
 1855 ; commenced practice, and continued it at Hele- 
 na until the breaking out of the war ; was opposed to 
 secession ; was elected Judge of the First District of 
 Arkansas in 1864, and remained upon the bench until 
 1808 ; was elected to the Forty-second Congress as 
 Representative from his native State, serving on the 
 Committee on Insurrectionary States. 
 
 Hanna, ,Tohn A, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1805. 
 
 Hanna, Robert. — He was a member of the In- 
 diana " Constitutional Convention" of 1816; a Gen- 
 eral of Militia ; was for many years in the State 
 Legislature ; was a Senator in Congress from Indiana, 
 by appointment, fi-om 1831 to 1833; took an active 
 part for many years in the public affairs of his State ; 
 and was killed by the cars, while walking on the 
 track of a railroad at Indianapolis, November 19, 
 1858. 
 
 Hannegnn, Edward A. — He was born in 
 Ohio, but spent his boyhood in Kentucky; received 
 a good education, studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in his twenty-third year, settling in Indiana. 
 He was frequently a member of the State Legisla- 
 ture ; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana 
 from 1833 to 1837 ; and a Senator in Congress from 
 1843 to 1849, officiating part of the time as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Roads and Canals and on En- 
 rolled Bills. On his retirement from the Senate he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 185 
 
 was appointed Ministprto Prussia, and on liis return 
 from Europe took up his residence in Missouri. He 
 died at St. Louis, February 25, 1859. 
 
 Hanson, Alexander Contee. — He was a law- 
 yer by profession ; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 
 and 1793 ; and at one time edited a political news- 
 paper culled the Federal Repiihlican, first at Balti- 
 more and then at Georgetown, District of Columbia. 
 He was a bitter opponent of the administration, and 
 in 181- published an article which so irritated the 
 populace that his printing-office in Baltimore was de- 
 stroyed. He resolved to re-issue the paper, and took 
 possession of a house for that purpose, supported by 
 several political friends, well armed ; the paper ap- 
 peared next morning, with an article against the 
 people and police of Baltimore, and in the evening 
 the house was attacked by a mob, which was, how- 
 ever, repelled ; but Mr. Hanson and his friends were 
 obliged to surrender to the civil authorities for se- 
 curiTy, and were conducted to jail. That building 
 was also attacked, and he was thrown in front of the 
 jail, with others, and left by the mob, supposed to be 
 dead. Then it was that he issued his paper in George- 
 town. He afterwards settled in Baltimore, and was 
 elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 
 1813 to 1816, when he was elected a Senator of the 
 United States from Maryland. He died at Belmont, 
 April 23, 1819. 
 
 Hanson, John. — He was distinguished as a 
 friend of his country, and was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 
 1783 ; President of that body during the first session, 
 and a signer of the Articles of Confederation. He 
 died in Prince George County, November 18, 1783. 
 
 Haralson, Hugh A, — Born in Greene County, 
 Georgia, November 13, 1805. He graduated at the 
 Univer.sity of Georgia in 1825, and ado|ited the law 
 as a profession, having, by an act of the Legislature, 
 been permitted to practice before he was twenty-one. 
 He was for many years a member of the Georgia 
 Legislature, and a Representative in Congress from 
 1843 to 1851. He died at home, in October, 1854. He 
 also participated in the military affairs of the State, 
 and was a Major-General of Militia ; and when in 
 Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs. 
 
 Haralsson, tTeretniah, — Born in Muscogee 
 County, Georgia, April 1, 184(3, of slave parents : in 
 1865 be became free by the close of the Rebellion, 
 and settled in Alabama ; acquired a knowledge 
 of English by means of his own personal efforts ; in 
 1868 he took an interest in politics ; in 1870 he pre- 
 sided over the Convention which nominated B. S. 
 Turner for Congress ; in the same year he wiis elected 
 to the State Legislature ; in 1871 a Justice of the 
 Peace; was for three years President of the " Ala- 
 bama Labor Union ; " also elected to a Convention of 
 his own people held in New Orleans ; in 1872 he was 
 elected a State Senator ; and in 1874 he was elected 
 to the Forty-fourth Congress from the State of 
 Alabama. 
 
 Hard, Gideon. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837, and a 
 State Senator from 1842 to 1847. 
 
 Hardeman, Thontas, Jr.— He was born in 
 Bibb County, Georgia. January 13, 1825, and elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage. He 
 had before served in the State Legislature. Joined 
 the great Rebellion in 1861. 
 
 Hardenbergh, Atigustus A. — Born in New 
 
 Brunswick, New Jersey, May 18, 1830. and son of 
 Cornelius L., an eminent lawyer of that State, and 
 grandson of the founder and first President of Rut- 
 gers College, Jacob R. Hardenbergh. He was edu- 
 cated at Rutgers College ; spent several years in a 
 counting house in New York City ; in 1853 elected to 
 the State Legislature ; in 1858 he became cashier of 
 the Hudson County Bank in Jersey City ; in 1808 he 
 was elected by the Legislature State Director of Rail- 
 roads ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention 
 of 1868 ; President of the Northern Railroad of New 
 Jersey ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from New Jersey to tlie Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hardin, Benjamin . — Was born in Westmore- 
 land County, Pennsylvania, in 1784 ; removed with 
 his parents to Washington County, Kentucky, in 1787 ; 
 received his education from private tutors ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806 ; settled at 
 Elizabethtown, but removed to Bardstown in 1808; 
 he was a member of the Legislature in 1810, 1811, 
 1824, and 1825 ; State Senator from 1828 to 1832 ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from Kentuckv from 
 1815 to 1817, from 1819 to 1823, and from 1833 to 
 1837 ; was Secretary of State of Kentucky from 
 1844 to 1847; was a member of the State Constitu- 
 tional Convention in 1849 ; in the summer of 1852 he 
 was crippled by a fall from his horse ; and died soon 
 after at IBardstown, September 24, 1852. 
 
 Hardin, Charles H. — Born in Boone County, 
 Missouri, in 1820 ; graduated at the Miami Univer- 
 sity, Ohio ; studied law, and in 1848 was elected a 
 County Attorney in Missouri ; in 1851 became one of 
 the Managers of the State Lunatic Asylum ; in 1853 
 elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 
 1855 ; he was one of a Commission to revise the 
 State Laws ; in 1858 he was again elected to the 
 Legislature, and in 1860 to the State Senate ; again 
 elected to the Senate in 1873 ; and in the following 
 year he was elected Governor of Missouri. He has 
 devoted much of his attention, as a public man, to 
 the cause of education ; and through his liberality a 
 college was established in Mexico, bearing his name, 
 and having an endowment of nearly forty thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 Hardifl, E. It, — He was born in Georgia, and 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for the Territory of Nebraska. 
 
 Hardin, John J. — He was born at Frankfort, 
 Kentucky, in 1810; was the son of M. D. Hardin, 
 previously a memljer of Congress. He graduated at 
 the Transylvania University ; adapted the profession 
 of law ; and having removed ■Tlllwiois, located in 
 Jacksonville, where he practicecP™§ profession with 
 success. He held the office of Prosecuting Attorney 
 for his Circuit ; was a member of the Illinois Legis- 
 lature from 1836 to 1842; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Illinois from 1843 to 1845 ; and he 
 commanded a regiment in the war with Mexico, and 
 was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, while lead- 
 ing his men in the final charge, with heroic gallantry, 
 February 23, 1847. 
 
 Hardin, Martin D. — He was bom on the 
 
 Monongahela River, Western Pennsylvania, June 21, 
 1780. He was educated chiefly at Transylvania Semi- 
 nary, in Kentucky ; studied law ; served for several 
 years in the Legislature of Kentucky ; was at one 
 time Secretary of State for Kentucky ; served in the 
 North-western army as a Major ; and was a Senator 
 in Congress during the years 1816 and 1817. He had 
 a superior mind, and as a lawyer was eminently suc- 
 cessful. He died in Franklin County, Kentucky, 
 October 8, 1823. 
 
186 
 
 iIOQEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Uardhifj, Aaron. — Was born in Greene Coun- 
 ty, Kentucky ; spent his boyliood on a faiTa ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1833, locating in Greene 
 County ; in 1840 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and in 1861 he was elected a Representative 
 from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the Post Otflcs and Post Roads. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Bankmg and Currency and Invalid Pensions. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Ilai'diiif/, Abner C — Born in East Hampton, 
 Middlesex County, Connecticut, February 10, 1807 ; 
 was educated chiefly at Hamilton Academy, New 
 York ; practiced law in Oneida County, of that State, 
 and fifteen years in Illinois ; managed farms in that 
 State for twenty-five years ; was a member of the Illi- 
 nois " Constitutional Convention " of 1848 ; served in 
 the State Legislature in 1848, 1849, and 1850 ; was for 
 ten years engaged in managing railroads. In 1862 he 
 enlisted as a private in the Eighty-third Illinois In- 
 fantry, and, having been appointed its Colonel, served 
 with success at Fort Donelson ; was Hlade a Brigadier- 
 General, and had command at Murfreesborough in 
 1863 ; in 1864 he was elected a Representative from 
 Illinois to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on the Union Prisoners, Claims, and the 
 Militia. Died at Monmouth, Warren County, Illi- 
 nois, July 19, 1874. 
 
 Ilardhtg, lienjamhl F. — Born in Wyoming 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1823 ; studied law 
 in his native county, and came to the bar in 1847 ; 
 emigrated to Illinois in 1848, and during the follow- 
 ing year settled in Oregon ; in 1850 was chosen a 
 member of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1851 was 
 Chief Clerk of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1853 was 
 chosen a member of tlie Legislature and made Speak- 
 er. In 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, 
 United States District Attorney for the Territory of 
 Oregon ; in 1854 was appointed Secretary of the Ter- 
 ritory, whicli office he held until Oregon was ad- 
 mitted as a State. From 1859 to 18G2 he was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature, serving the two last 
 years as Speaker ; and in 1862 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from Oregon, taking his seat dur- 
 ing the third session of the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and that 
 on Public Lands. 
 
 Hardhifj, Sfepheti S. — He was bom in Indi- 
 ana, removed to Utah, and was ajjpointed from that 
 Territory an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Colorado, residing in Den- 
 ver City. 
 
 Ilnrdi/, Samuel. — He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from Virginia from 1783 to 
 1785. 
 
 Hare, .T. I. Clark. — Born in Philadelphia in 
 1816 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ; 
 admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was Judge of the Phila- 
 delphia District Court from 1851 to 1869 ; then Presi- 
 dent Judge. He was the editor of several law 
 books. 
 
 TTaring, .ToJin. — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 
 1775, and again from 1785 to 1788. 
 
 Harktirss, William. — He was born in Scot- 
 land, December 17, 1837 ; graduated at the Rochester 
 
 University in 1858 ; and in 1863 he was appointed 
 Professor of Mathematics in the Navy of the United 
 States, and assigned to duty at the National Observa- 
 tory. 
 
 Ilarlati, Aaron.— He was bom in Warren 
 County, Ohio, September 8, 1802 ; received a good 
 English education ; adopted the profession of law, 
 and was admitted to ihe bar in 1825 ; in 1831 he was 
 elected a member of the State Legislature, and in 
 1838 and 1839 was elected to the State Senate ; was a 
 Presidential Elector, in 1844, from Ohio ; in 1849 was 
 again elected to the State Senate ; in 1850 was a 
 member of the "State Constitutional Convention ; " 
 and in 1852 he was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Ohio, where he continued to serve the 
 people of his native district until the close of the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Private Land Claims. 
 
 Ha rla n, Andrew J. — He was bom in Chester, 
 Clinton County, Ohio, Mai-ch 29, 1815 ; received a 
 limited education ; studied law, but abandoned the 
 practice for politics. In 1842 he was elected Clerk 
 of the Indiana House of Representatives ; was 
 elected to the Legislature in 1846, 1847, and 1848 ; 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Indiana fi'om 1849 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 
 1855. 
 
 Harlan, James. — Bom in Mercer County, Ken- 
 tucky, June 22, 1800 ; received a good English edu- 
 cation, and engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1817 
 to 1821. He then commenced the study of the law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he was 
 appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Circuit in 
 which he resided, and held the office four years. In 
 1835 he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 frgm Kentucky, and in 1837 was re-elected ; during 
 the last session he was Chairman of the Committee 
 for Investigating Defalcations. From 1840 to 1844 
 he was Secretary of State of Kentucky, and was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1841. In 1845 he was elected 
 to the lower branch of the Legislature ; and in 1850 
 he was appointed Attorney-General of that State, 
 which office he held until his death, which occui'red 
 at Frankfoi-t, Kentucky, February 18, 1863. 
 
 Harlan, tfamen, — He was born in Clarke 
 County, Illinois, August 25, 1820 ; graduated at the 
 Indiana Asbury University in 1845 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; was Superintendent of Public lusfruc- 
 tion for Iowa in 1847 ; was Pre.'iident of the Iowa 
 Wesleyan University in 1853; and was elected a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Iowa in 1855, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Public Lands. On Jan- 
 uary 12, 1857, because of informality in his ap- 
 pointment, and after long debate, his seat was de- 
 clared vacant ; but on the 17th of the same month he 
 was elected by the Legislature for the term ending 
 in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace Con- 
 vention " of 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate 
 for the term ending in 1867. In March, 1865, he was 
 invited by President Lincoln to succeed Mr. Usher as 
 Secretary of the Interior Department. After the 
 death of President Lincoln he waived his right to a 
 seat in the Cabinet of President Johnson, but the ap- 
 pointment of the former was confirmed by the latter, 
 and on May 15, 1865, he resigned his seat in the 
 Senate and entered upon his duties as Secretary of 
 the Interior. In January, 1806, he was again re- 
 elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 
 1867 and ending in 1873, and in July he resigned his 
 position as Secretary of the Interior, the resignation 
 to take effect in the September following. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyali.sts' Con- 
 vention " of 1866. In 1867 he was made Chairman of 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia, serving 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ]87 
 
 on those on Foreign Relations, Post Office, and Pacific 
 Railroad. In 18GS) lie was appointed President of the 
 Iowa University ; and after leaving the Senate in 1873 
 he became proprietor and editor of the Wasliington 
 Chronicle. 
 
 Harmanson, John H. — Born in Norfolk, Vir- 
 ginia, in January, 1803. He was educated at Jeffer- 
 .son College, Mississippi, and having removed to 
 Louisiana, devoted himself first to one of the niecliau- 
 ic arts, then to law, and afterwards to agriculture. 
 He served in the State Senate in 1844 ; and was elect- 
 ed to the National House of Representatives in 184.5, 
 and re-elected in 1847 and 1849, ever keeping a watch- 
 ful eye upon the interests of his adopted State ; and 
 proposed in Congress a project to secure a grant from 
 the United States to Louisiana of all the submerged 
 lands in tliat State, with a view to their redemption 
 from that condition, and thus promoting the public 
 health. He died in New Orleans, October 25, 1850. 
 
 Harmar, Josiah, — Was born in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1753 ; educated chiefly at Robert 
 Proud's Quaker School ; was made Captain of the 
 First Pennsylvania Regiment in October, 1776 ; was 
 Lieutenant-Colonel from 1777 until the close of the 
 war ; was in Washington's Army from 1778 to 1780 ; 
 with General Greene in the Soutii in 1781 and 1783 ; 
 and made Brevet-Colonel of the First United States 
 Regiment in 1783 ; in 1784 he took the Ratification of 
 the Treaty of France ; he was Indian Agent for the 
 North-west Territory in 1785, and was present when 
 the treaty was made at Fort Mcintosh ; was Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel of Infantry in 1784 ; brevetted Brigadier- 
 General by Congress in 1787 ; and General-in-Chief of 
 the Army in 1789 ; commanded an expedition against 
 the Miami Indians in 1790, and partially defeated 
 them; resigned in 1792; was Adjutant-General of 
 Pennsylvania from 1793 to 1799 ; and furnished the 
 troops for Wayne's campaign in 1793 and 1794. Died 
 in Philadelphia, August 20, 1813. 
 
 Harmer, Alfred C. — He was born in German- 
 town, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1835 ; received a pub 
 lie-school education ; commenced business as a shoe 
 manufacturer, and became a wholesale dealer ; was 
 elected a member of the City Councils of Philadel- 
 phia in 1856, and served four years ; was elected 
 Recorder of Deeds for Philadelphia in 1860, and 
 served three years ; was a Delegate to tlie National 
 Convention at Chicago ; and elected to the Forty- 
 second and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on the District of Columbia, 
 and as a member of that on Weights and Measures. 
 
 Ifartiett, Cornelius. — He was a Delegate from 
 North Carolina to the Continental Congress, from 
 1777 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confedera- 
 tion. 
 
 Harper, Alexander, — He was born in Ireland, 
 and, having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from lb37 to 1839, from 1843 to 
 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Harper, Francis J. — He was elected a mem- 
 ber of Congress from Pennsylvania, but died before 
 taking his seat, March 18, 1837, aged thirty-eight 
 years. 
 
 Harper, James. — He was born in Ireland in 
 1779 ; was a brickmaker, and, having emigrated to 
 Pennsylvania, was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1833 to 1837. He was also a prominent 
 member of the Masonic fraternity. Died in Philadel- 
 phia, March 31, 1873. 
 
 Harper, James C. — He was bom in Cumber- 
 
 land County, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1819 ; re- 
 moved in 1831 to Ohio ; was raised on a farm, and re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; removed in 1840 
 to Caldwell County, North Carolina, where he engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits, but afterwards in farming ; 
 filled various county offices, and was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1865, 1866, and 1868 ; was barred 
 by the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution 
 of the United States, but his disabilities were re- 
 moved by Congress in 1869 ; and he was elected to 
 the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Harper, John A, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Harper, Joseph 31, — Born in Limerick, Maine, 
 June 31, 1787 ; commenced active life by working on 
 his father's farm in summer, and going to the district 
 school in winter ; he was also at the Fryeburg 
 Academy, and taught school ; he studied medicine 
 and law, and practiced botli professions ; and he was 
 a Representative in Congress frcmi New Hampshire, 
 from 1831 to 1835. In 1858 was President of the Me- 
 chanics' Bank, Concord. For a short time in 1831 he 
 ofiiciated as Acting Governor of New Hampshire. 
 Died iu Canterbury, New Hampshire, January 14, 
 1865. 
 
 Harper, Robert Goodloe. — He was born near 
 Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1765 ; was a graduate of 
 Princeton College in 1785, and for a time a teacher in 
 that institution ; removing to Charleston, South Car- 
 olina, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of 
 that State ; he was a leading Representative iu Con- 
 gress from South Carolina, from 1794 to 1801 ; he 
 sub.sequcntly removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and 
 was a Senator in Congress from that State, during 
 the years 1815 and 1816 ; iu 1819 he visited Europe, 
 and on his return devoted himself to the cause of 
 the Colonization Society and to literary pursuits, pub- 
 lishing a number of interesting addresses and papers, 
 which were subsequently collected in a volume. He 
 served with credit iu the War of 1813, having attained 
 the rank of Major-General. He died suddenly, Jan- 
 uary 15, 1825, having been engaged the preceding 
 day in the Circuit Court. Received the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws from Princeton College. 
 
 Harper, Samuel H. — He was a judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of Louisiana. 
 
 Harper, William. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina ; born January 17, 1790 ; graduated at the 
 South Carolina College in 1808, and became one of 
 the Board of Trustees of that institution iu 1813 ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; served in the State 
 Legislature, and was elected Speaker of the Lower 
 House. He was a Senator in Congress from South 
 Carolina during the year 1826, and was appointed 
 Chancellor of that State in 1835. He was, in 1830, 
 elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and for a 
 time State Reporter. For domestic reasons, he spent 
 a few years in Missouri from 1818 to 1823, and while 
 there was made Chancellor of the State. He was an 
 eminent jurist, and died October 10, 1847. 
 
 Harriman, Walter. — Born at Warner, New 
 Hampshire; was a school teacher, and subsequently 
 a trader, and being an active politician, held several 
 important oiflces. In August, 1863, he became Colo- 
 nel of the Eleventh New Hamjishire Regiment, 
 which he led through the Civil War. He was Sec- 
 retary of State of New Hampshire from 1865 to 1867, 
 and Governor of the State from 1867 to 1869. 
 
 Harrington, George, — He was born in Mas- 
 sachusetts ; became a citizen of Georgia ; was for 
 
188 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 many years a Clerk in the Treasury Department, 
 Washington; Chief Clerk under his personal friend, S. 
 P. Chase; in 1861 he was appointed Assistant Secretary 
 of that department ; between the years 1865 and 
 1869 he was Minister Resident to Switzerland ; and 
 was subsequently President of a Telegraph Company 
 in New York City. 
 
 Harrinfffon, Henry W. — Was born in Otse- 
 go County, New York, September 13, 1835 ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1849 ; in 1856 he took up 
 his residence in Indiana and continued the prosecu- 
 tion of his profession there ; after serving in a local 
 Convention he was' chosen a Delegate to the Charles- 
 ton Convention in 1860 ; and in 1863 he was elected a 
 Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land 
 Claims. He was a Delegate to the New York Con- 
 vention of 1868 ; and was subsequently appointed an 
 Assessor of Internal Revenue in Indiana. 
 
 Hnrringtoii, Samuel M. — Born in Dover, 
 Delaware, in 1803 ; graduated at Washington College, 
 Maryland, in 1833, and adopted the profession of law ; 
 in 1830 he was appointed Secretary of State of Dela- 
 ware ; soon afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of his native State ; after the change in the 
 Constitution, he went upon the bench of the Superior 
 Court ; became Chief Justice of the same in 1853 ; 
 and in 1857 he was made Chancellor of the State, 
 which position he held until his death, November 38, 
 1865. In 1854 he was at the head of a Commission 
 to codify the laws of Delaware ; in 1854 received the 
 degree of Doctor of Laws ; and was the President, 
 for several years, of the Delaware Railroad Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Harris, Benjamin Gwinn, — Born near 
 Leonardstown, St. Mary's County, Maryland, Decem- 
 ber 13, 1806 ; after receiving an academical educa- 
 tion at Charlotte Hall, he spent a few months in St. 
 Mary's College, and went to Yale College, from which 
 he was dismissed with one hundred and forty others, 
 in 1839, on account of their seceding from Commons 
 Hall ; and although a compact was entered into that 
 they would not return unless their wishes were re- 
 spected, all of them did return, excepting Mr. Harris 
 and one other, a Georgian. He subsequently spent 
 fourteen months at the Cambridge Law School, and 
 then settled in his native county as a lawyer. In 1833 
 he was elected to the House of Delegates of Marv- 
 land, and re-elected in 1833, 1836, 1849, 1853, aiid 
 1856. With his profession and public duties he ever 
 combined agricultural pursuits ; and in 1863 he was 
 elected a Representative from Maryland to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Manufactures. He was a Delegate to the " Chicago 
 Convention" of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress. In May, 1865, he was arrested and 
 tried by Court-martial for xaolating the 56th Article 
 of War, and, altliough declared guilty, the President, 
 on account of additional testimony, ordered the sen- 
 tence of the court to be remitted in full. 
 
 Harris, lieiijamin W. — He was born in 
 Bridgewater, Massachusetts, November 10, 1833 ; re- 
 ceived an academic education ; .studied law at the 
 Dane Law School, Cambridge, and admitted to prac- 
 tice at Boston in 1850 ; removed to East Bridgewater 
 in 1850 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1857, 
 and a Representative in 1858 ; was District Attorney 
 from 1858 to 1866 ; was Collector of Internal Reve- 
 nue for the Second District from 1866 until 1873, 
 when he resigned ; and was elected to the Forty 
 third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth, 
 serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Harris, Cary A. — He was appointed in July, 
 
 1836, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but only held 
 the office until October of the same year. ' 
 
 Harris, Charles M. — He was born in Mun- ' 
 fordsville. Hart County, Kentucky, April 10, 1831 ; 
 received a common-school education ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; and, having become a citizen of 
 Illinois, he was elected, in 1863, a Representative 
 from that State to the "Thirty-eighth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures and 
 on Expenditures in the War Department. 
 
 Harris, Edward. — He was one of the earliest 
 members of the Circuit Court of the LTnited States 
 after its organization, and was appointed Judge of the 
 Fifth Circuit in 1803, by President Jefferson. 
 
 Harris, Elisha, — He was Governor of Rhode 
 Island for two years, beginning with the year 1847. 
 
 Harris, George E, — He was born in Orange 
 County, North Carolina, January, 1837 ; brought up in 
 Carroll County, Tennessee ; removed to Mississippi iu 
 1844 ; studied law and practiced from 1854 until the 
 breaking out of the war in 1861 ; was oppo.sed to se- 
 cession, but when his State severed her connection 
 with the Union he went into the Confederate Army, 
 and remained until the close of the war ; came home 
 and favored reconstruction ; was elected District At- 
 torney in 1865 and 1866 ; was elected to the Forty- 
 first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Military Affairs and Accounts. He was 
 subsequently chosen Attorney-General for the State 
 of Mississippi. 
 
 Harris, Henry J?.— He was born in Sparta, 
 Georgia, February 2, 1838 ; removed to Greenville, 
 Meriwether County, in 1833 ; graduated at Emory 
 College in 1847 ; has been engaged in planting ; was 
 a member of the Georgia Convention in 1861, and was 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to 
 the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committee on Mines 
 and Mining. In December, 1875, he was appointed 
 Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. 
 
 Harris, Ira. — He was born in Charleston, Mont- 
 gomery County, New York, May 31, 1803, tracing his 
 lineage to the colony of Roger Williams ; when a boy 
 he labored upon a farm in slimmer, and attended 
 school in winter ; in his seventeenth year he entered 
 Cortland Academy to prepare for college ; graduated 
 at Union College in 1834 ; studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in Albany, where he settled. For 
 seventeen years he devoted his whole att»ntion to his 
 profession, in which he was eminently successful, 
 avoiding all political entanglements. In 1844 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ; 
 was a Delegate in 1846 to the Convention for revising 
 the Constitution of the State ; before the Convention 
 adjourned was elected to the State Senate ; in 1847 
 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, and held 
 the position twelve years and a half ; and in 1861 he 
 was elected, for six years, a Senator in Congress from 
 New York, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Private Land Claims, and member of the Committees 
 on the Judiciary, Foreign Relations, and Public Lands. 
 He was a member of the Special Joint Committee on 
 the Rebellious States. He was also a member of the 
 National Committee appointed to accompany the re- 
 mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. During his 
 sojourn in Washington he delivered an occasional 
 Lecture before the Law Students of Columbia Col- 
 lege by invitation of the Faculty. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion" of 1866, and to the " State Constitutional Con- 
 vention " of 1867. He received from Union College 
 the degree of LL.D., and in 1869 was acting President 
 of that institution. Died in Albany, December 3, 1875. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 189 
 
 Harris, Imham G. — He was bom in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1853. Was a Presidential Elector in 
 185G ; also Governor from 1857 to 1861. Took part in 
 the Rebellion, after which he settled in Liverpool as 
 a merchant. 
 
 Harris, J. Morrison, — Bom in the City of 
 Baltimore, in 1821 ; was educated at Lafayette Col- 
 lege, Pennsylvania, and studied law, being admitted 
 to the bar in 1843. He was a Presidential Elector in 
 1848, and in 1855 was elected a Representative from 
 Maryland in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and returned 
 to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Mileage. Also elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Harris, fjohn, — He was born in New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1807 to 1809. 
 
 Harris, John .4.— He was born in New York 
 in 1826 ; in 1846 he settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 
 devoting himself to mercantile pursuits ; was Presi- 
 dent of the Marine Bank of Milwaukee ; removed to 
 Louisiana in 1864 ; was a member of the State Consti- 
 tutional Convention ; was a member of the Board ol 
 Registration ; also of the State Senate ; and in 1868 
 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Louisiana 
 for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on the District of Columbia and Printing. 
 
 Harris, John T. — Born in Albemarle County, 
 Virginia, in 1823 ; received a good English education, 
 going to school and working on his father's farm al- 
 ternately ; taught school for a while ; studied law, 
 and was licensed to practice in 1845 ; was a State 
 Elector in 1848. 1851, and 1855; a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1852 and 1856 ; was twice elected Attorney for 
 the Commonwealth ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Expenditures/jn the Public 
 Buildings. He was also elected to the Forty-second 
 and "two subsequent Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Claims and War Claims. In December, 
 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee 
 on Elections. 
 
 Harris, Leavitt, — In 1813 he was appointed 
 Secretary of Legation to Russia, and while there, 
 acted also as Secretary of the Mission Extraordinary, 
 for entering into negotiations with England ; and in 
 1833 he was made Charge d'Affaires to France. 
 
 Harris, Mark, — He was born in Ipswich, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in 1779 ; removed to Portland in 1800 ; 
 went into trade as a grocer ; took an active part in 
 politics ; held the offices of County and State Treasurer 
 for twenty years ; was a State Senator in 1816 and 
 1819 ; a State Councilor in 1820 ; served also in the 
 State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maine from 1822 to 1823, for the un- 
 expired term of E. Whitman. Died in New York, 
 March 2, 1843. 
 
 Harris, Robert, — He was born in Dauphin 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1823 to 1827. 
 
 Harris, Sampson W. — Born in Elbert County, 
 Georgia, February 23, 1809, and died in Washington 
 City, April 1, 1857. He graduated at Franklin College 
 in 1828 ; adopted the profession of law ; served one 
 term in the Georgia Legislature, and then removed to 
 Alabama. He was there appointed Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney for the State ; and in 1847 he was elected a Rep- 
 
 resentative in Congress from Alabama, where he 
 continued until his death. 
 
 Harris, Thomas K. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Harris, TJiomas L. — He was born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut, October 29, 1816; graduated at Trinity 
 College, Hartford, in 1841 ; studied law in Connecti- 
 cut with Governor Isaac Toucey ; was admitted to 
 the bar in Virginia in 1842, and during that year com- 
 menced the practice of his profession in Petersburg, 
 Menard County, Illinois. In 1845 he was chosen 
 School Commissioner for his county ; and in 1846 he 
 raised and commanded a company, and joined the 
 Fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, to serve in the 
 war with Mexico ; he was afterwards elected Major 
 of the regiment, and owing to the sickness of his su- 
 perior officers, was chief in command durins most of 
 the campaign. He was at the taking of Vera Cruz, 
 and served in the navy battery with a detachment 
 during the day of its terrible fire ; was also at Cerro 
 Gordo, and after the wounding of General Shields, 
 took command of the regiment, and was honorably 
 mentioned in government dispatches for placing a 
 twenty-four pounder battering cannon on the heights 
 of Cerro Gordo, during the night preceding the battle. 
 While absent in the army in 1846, he was elected a 
 Senator in the Illinois Legislature, and in 1848 was 
 chosen a Representative in Congress, serving through 
 the Thirty-first and was re-elected to the Thirty -filth 
 Congress ; during his second term he oificiated as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Elections. He took 
 a special interest in the election in Illinois when be 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-sistli Congress ; and it is 
 supposed that owing to liis declining health, the 
 eiforts he made to attend the polls were the more im- 
 mediate cause of his death, wliich occurred at Spring- 
 field, Illinois, November 24, 1858. His disease was 
 pulmonary consumption. 
 
 Harris, Townsend. — He was a citizen of New 
 York ; in 1855 he went to Japan as Consul Gener- 
 al, and two years afterwards was authorized to nego- 
 tiate a treaty with that empire ; in 1868 he was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Minister Resident, and succeeded 
 in negotiating a treaty, and by his diplomacy won 
 special credit from his government ; and in 1861 he 
 was re-commissioned to the same office, and is credited 
 with having done much to cement the existing friend- 
 ship between the United States and Japan. 
 
 Harris, TV, L, — He was appointed by the Act- 
 ing Governor of Mississippi, in 1851, to fill a vacancy 
 in the United States Senate, caused by the resignation 
 of J. Davis ; but it does not appear from the Journal 
 of the Senate that he took liis seat. 
 
 Harris, Wiley P. — He was born in Mississippi, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1855. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Harris, IVilliam A, — He was born in Fau- 
 quier County, Virginia, August 8. 1805 ; received a 
 classical education ; he adopted the profession of law, 
 and practiced it for ten years ; he was twice elected 
 to the Legislature of Virginia ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1841 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1841 to 1843. He was editor 
 for several years of a journal called the Spectator, and 
 subsequently of the Constitution, published in Wash- 
 ington ; and in 1845 he was ap]iointed by President Polk 
 Charge dAfi'aires to Buenos Ayres, where he remained 
 until 1851. After the election of Mr. Buchanan to 
 the Presidency, he became the editor and proprietor 
 of the Wanliiiif/ton Union, which continued in his pos- 
 session until he was elected Printer to the United 
 States Senate, which office he held for two years. lu 
 
190 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 19S4 he removed to Missouri, and died in Pike Countv, ] 
 March 'Jy, 18l>4. " , 
 
 fforris. It'illiani R. — He was a native of Ten- 
 iie^isee ; well ediicaled: a lawyer by ]>rofession ; long 
 a Icadinir Jiid-re of ilm Supreme t^'ourt of the State ; 
 and diini at Memphis. June 2G, 18t>8. 
 
 Jfarrisoii, Albert G. — He was a. native of Ken- 
 tucky : a hiwyer by profession ; and a member of Con- ' 
 press from Missouri from l!<3o to 18:^i(. He died at ' 
 Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 1839, highly esteemed. 
 
 Iforrinoii, Hen/ailiin. — Born in Berkeley 
 County, Virginia ; was educated at the College of 
 William and Mary ; after i>erforming important du- 
 ties on local committees, he was elected to the Wil- 
 liamsbvirg Convention of 1774 : was a IX^legate to the 
 Continental Congress from 177-t to 1778, and signed 
 the Declaration of Indejiendence : in 1775 he was a 
 member of the Kichmond Convention : took an im- 
 jx)rtant [wirt in organizing means of defense ; while in 
 Congress he served conspicuously on the most impor- 
 tant committees, and was very popular as Chairman of 
 the Committee of the Whole, lie was a Councilor of 
 Virginia under the new form of government : and he 
 was considered a Colossus in the cause of liberty and 
 human rights. He was a member and Speaker of the 
 House of Burgesses : in 178i he was elected tjov- 
 ernor of Virginia, and twice re-elected ; subsequently 
 served ii\ the Legislature : was a member of the Con- 
 vention called to ratify the Federal Constitution ; and 
 he died in April, 1791. He was the warm personal 
 friend of Washington, and the father of President 
 William Henry Harrison. 
 
 Harrison. Carter B. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1799. 
 
 Harrison. Carter IT. — Bom in Fayette County, 
 Kentucky, February 15, ISio, and kinsman of Benja- 
 min Harrison of the Revolution. His early education 
 was obtained from his mother, but he graduated at 
 Yale College in 1845 ; he prepared himself for the 
 legal profession, but became a farmer ; subsequently 
 traveled in Europe ; graduated at the Law School of 
 Transylvania, ami settled in Chicago, Illinois. After 
 the great tire in 1871, he was elected member of an 
 important Board of County Commissioners : and in 
 1874. after his retvirn from a second trip to Europe, he 
 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Marrisoii . Horace H. — He was born in Wilson 
 County, Tennessee, August 7, 18i9 ; was liberally ed- 
 ucated ; was elected Clerk of the State Senate in 
 1851 : studied law and admitted to the bar in 1857 : 
 removed to XashviUe in 1859 ; was appointed United 
 States District Attorney for Middle Tennessee in 
 18ti3 : elected Chancellor in the Xashville Chancery 
 Division in 18t)t) : was appointed Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of Tennessee in 1867 ; resigned in 18l>8 ; 
 was an Elector for the State at large ; was again ap- 
 pointed L'niled States District Attorney in 1872, and 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serWng on the 
 Committee on Elections. 
 
 Harrison., John Scott. — He was bom in Ohio, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1857. He was the son of WUliam Hen- 
 ry Harrison. 
 
 Harrison. Kicharti. — Bom in 1750 : was Au- 
 ditor of the United States for fifty-five years ; and 
 five vears Consul to Cadiz. Died in Washington, 
 July 10, 1841. 
 
 Harrison, Hichard A. — He was bora in Eng- 
 
 land in 1827, and emigrated to Ohio in 1836 ; received 
 a good English education ; served for a time in a 
 printing-oliice in Clarke County : graduated at the 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1840 ; in 1857 he was elected 
 to the Ohio House of Representatives ; subsequently 
 to the State Senate : and he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and the 
 Militia. 
 
 Harrison. Robert Hanson. — Born in Mary- 
 land in 1745 ; was a lawyer by profession ; succeeded 
 Joseph Reed as Secretary to Washington, November 
 6, 1775, with the rank of Lieutenant -Colonel, and con- 
 tinued in the family of Washington until the spring 
 of 1781. In November, 1777, he was appointed by 
 Congress a member of the Board of War, l)ut de- 
 clined. He became Chief Justice of the General 
 Court of Maryland, March 10, 1781 ; and in 1789 de- 
 clined the appointment of Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. Died at his residence on 
 the Potomac, Charles County, April 2, 1790. , 
 
 Harrison. S. S. — He was bom in Maryland; i 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Harrison. William. — He was a Delegate from 
 Marvlaud to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 
 1787". 
 
 Harrison. William Jfenri/. — Was born in 
 Charles County. Virginia, February 9. 1773 : was ed- 
 ucated at Hampden Sidney College, and afterwards 
 studied medicine. He received fmm Washington a 
 military commission in 1791, and fought under WajTie 
 in 1702". After the battle of Miami Rapids, he was 
 made Captain and placed in command of Fort Wa.«h- 
 ington. In 1797 he was appointed Secretary of the 
 North- west Territory ; and in 1799 and 1800 he was a 
 Delegate to Congress. Being appointed Governor of 
 Indiana, he was also Superintendent of Indian .\ffairs, 
 and negotiated thirteen treaties. He gained a great 
 victory in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 
 1811. ' In the war with Great Britain he was Com- 
 mander of the North-west army, and was distinguished 
 in the defense of Fort Meigs, and the victory of the 
 Thames. From 1816 to 1819 he was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ohio ; a Presidential Elector in 1821 
 and 1825 ; and from 1825 to 1828 United States Sena- 
 tor. In 1828 he was Minister to the Republic of Co- 
 
 : lombia ; and on his return he resided upon his farm. 
 
 ' at North Bend, Ohio. In 1840 he was elected Presi- 
 dent of the United States, by two hundred and thirty- 
 four votes ont of two hundred and ninety-four, and 
 inaugurated March 4, 1841. He died in the Presi- 
 dential Mansion, -\prU 4, 1841. 
 
 Hart. Emanuel B. — Bom in New York City, 
 October 29, 1811 : entered early upon a mercantile oc- 
 cupation ; went to the Spanish Main as a supercargo, 
 and settled in New York as a commission merchant ; 
 served for a time in the Board of Aldermen : was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853 ; he was 
 at one time a Lieutenant Colonel of the State Militia ; 
 and was appointed by President Buchanan Surveyor 
 of the Port of New York. Mr. Hart has also fre- 
 quently been a member of the State and National 
 Conventions of the Democratic party. 
 
 Hart. tTolin. — Bom at Hopewell, New Jersey, 
 1708 ; he had an ordinary education ; was a farmer ; 
 and for many years a member of the Colonial Legis- 
 lature of New Jersey ; was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1774 to 1777 : and suffered much 
 from the loyalists, who used sjiecial exertions to take 
 him prisoner. He Hed from his family, and wandered 
 through the woods from cottage to cottage, and from 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 191 
 
 cave to cavp, constantly hunted by his enemies, so 
 that he never ventured to sleep twice in the same 
 place. The capture of the Hessians by Washington 
 allowed him to return to his estate, where he passed 
 the rest of his life. He was one of the signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence, and great confidence 
 was reposed in the wisdom and judgment of " honest 
 John Hart." He died at Hopewell, in 1780. 
 
 Ilftrf, O. li. — He was bom in the North ; emi- 
 grated to Jacksonville, Florida ; and made Associate 
 Judge of the Supreme Court in 1868 ; was elected 
 Governor of Florida in 1872, and died at his home, 
 March 18, 1874. 
 
 JTfirt, ItostveJl. — Bom in Rochester, New York, 
 in 1824 ; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1847, but never 
 practiced the profession ; devoted himself to mercan- 
 tile pursuits, and in 1864 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Indian Aifairs, Expen- 
 ditures in the State Department, and the District of 
 Columbia. He was also re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress. 
 
 JTnrtlf;/, John F. — He was bom in Maine ; was 
 for many years a Clerk, and also Chief Clerk, in the 
 Treasury Department ; in 1865 he was appointed As- 
 sistant Secretary of the Treasury, and resigned the 
 position in May, 1875. His reputation was that of a 
 most capable officer. 
 
 HuftJni, Thonins. — He was bom in Reading, 
 Pennsylvania; served in the Revolutionary War as a 
 Colonel, from 1776 to 1779 ; was a lawyer of eminence ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania 
 from 178!) until his death, which occurred at York, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1800. He was one of those who 
 voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. 
 
 Ilnrtratiff, John Frfflerirk, — Bom in Mont- 
 gomery' County, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1830 ; 
 graduated at Union College in 18o:J ; studied law and 
 came to the bar in 1859 ; entered the Volunteer Army 
 at the commencement of the Rebellion, and as Colonel 
 of the Fourth Pennsj-lvania, was in the battle of 
 Bull Run ; was also in the battles at Roanoke Is- 
 land and at Newbem ; was also in the second bat- 
 tle of Bull Run ; was in many other engagements, 
 and from 1864 he was a Brigadier-General, and had 
 command of a brigade at the battle of the Wil- 
 derness ; was brevetted a Maior-General, and his 
 troops were the first that entered Petersburg. In 
 1805 he was elected Auditor-General of Pennsylvania, 
 and re-elected in 1868 ; and in 1872 he was' elected 
 Governor of Pennsylvania, and reelected to the same 
 position in 1875. 
 
 Uartriflge, Julian. — He was a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and a resident of Savannah, Georgia ; served 
 as a soldier in the Confederate Army ; after the Re- 
 bellion he entered into politics, and was elected, in 
 1874, a Representative from Georgia to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 HnrtzeU, William. — Bom upon a farm in Stark 
 County, Ohio, February 20, 1837 : in 1840 removed 
 with his parents, first to Illinois, then in 1844 to Texas. 
 where he remained until 1853, and removed again to 
 Illinois, and settled in Randolph County ; graduated 
 at McKendree College, in 1859 ; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1864, and engaged in the practice of law ; was 
 elected a Representative to the Forty -fourth Congress 
 from Illinois. 
 
 Harvey, James E. — Born in South Carolina, 
 
 February 4, 1820 ; was chiefly educated by the Right 
 Rev. Bishop England, in Charleston ; paid some at- 
 tention to law ; and in 1842 was appointed to the 
 charge of the Loan Office in the United States Treas- 
 ury, which he organized. In 1844 he became con- 
 nected with the Knrth Amrrirnn find VnitrO States 
 Oazftteof Philadelphia, and became one of its editors, 
 and was its Washington correspondent for seventeen 
 
 I years. He also corresponded with the New York Tri- 
 
 ' ftvTjf, and other joumals. In 18C1 he was appointed 
 by President Lincoln Minister to Portugal, and re- 
 mained in the position eight years, the Senate having 
 confirmed him vrithout a single opposing vote. In 
 1870 he established a democratic paper in Washing- 
 ton called the Patriot, which he managed for one 
 
 ' year, when his health compelled him to retire, and 
 since that time he has devoted his attention to practice 
 before the various diplomatic Commissions for the 
 
 I adjustment of Claims. 
 
 JTarvei/, Jamett M. — Born in Monroe County, 
 Virginia, September 21, 1833 ; studied in the public 
 schools of Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois ; practiced .sur- 
 veying and civil engineering as a profes.sion, until he 
 removed to Kansa-s, in 1859 ; was Captain in the 
 Fourth and Tenth Regiments of Kan.-as Volunteer 
 Infantry from 1861 until 1864; a member of the Lower 
 House of the State Legislature in 1805 and 1860; and 
 a member of the State Senate in 1867 and 1868 ; was 
 Govemor of Kansas from 1869 to 1871 ; was elected 
 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy occa- 
 sioned by the resignation of Alexander Caldwell, and 
 took his seat in 1874, for the term ending in 1877, 
 serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, 
 Mississippi Levees, and Public Lands. 
 
 Harvey, Jonathan. — He was bom in Merri- 
 mack County, New Hampshire ; served seven years 
 in the two Houses of the State Legislature; was Pres- 
 ident of the Senate from 1817 to 1823 ; was a State 
 Councilor from 1823 to 1825 ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 1825 to 18;J1, 
 during his last term serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Commerce. Died in Sutton, New Hamp- 
 shire, August 23, 1859, aged seventy-nine years. 
 
 Harvey, L,oiiis P. — Bom in East Haddam. Con- 
 necticut, July 22, 1830 ; removed with his parents to 
 Ohio in 1828 : was educatpd at the Western Re-erve 
 
 [College; in 1840 he settled at Kenosha, AVisconsin, 
 where he taught an academy and edited a newspaper: 
 
 : in 1850 he removed to Rock County and entered into 
 
 ' active business ; was a member of the first State 
 Constitutional Convention ; was in the State Senate 
 from 1855 to 1857 ; was chosen Secretary of State soon 
 afterwards ; was elected Govemor of Wisconsin in 
 1861 ; and while going to the army v.ith supplies for 
 
 > the wounded after the battle of Shiloh, was drowned 
 
 I in the river Tennessee, April 19, 1862. 
 
 Hnvvey, Maffhew, — He was bom in Hillsbo- 
 rough County, New Hampshire, in 1781 ; and was for 
 man}- years a member of the New Hampshire Legisla- 
 ture ; Speaker of the House from 1818 to 1821, and 
 President of the Senate from 1825 to 1828 ; a State 
 Councilor in 1828 ; Govemor of the State in 1830 : and 
 in 1831 was appointed Judge of the United States 
 District Court. His services as a Represpntative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire were rendered from 
 1821 to 1825. Died at Concord, New Hampshire, 
 April 7, 1866. 
 
 Harvie, .John. — He was a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress from Virginia from 1778 to 1779, 
 and signed the Articles of Confederation. 
 
 Hasbrouclc, Abraham, — He was a member 
 
192 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 of the New York Assembly from Ulster County in 
 1T81 and 1782, and again in 1811 ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; and State Senator 
 in 1822. 
 
 Hasbrouclt,, Abraham. B. — He graduated at 
 Yale College in 1810 ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827. He was 
 a native of Ulster County, New York, but he sjient a 
 few years of his life in New Jersey, and was President 
 of Rutgers College, which office lie resigned. 
 
 HnnhroucU, Josiah. — He was for four years a 
 member of the New York Assembly, and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805, 
 and again from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 ltd seal! , A lit/ lint ns P. — He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Haskell, William T, — He was born in Tennes- 
 see ; received a liberal education, and adopted the 
 profession of law ; he commanded, as Colonel, a Regi- 
 ment of Tennessee Volunteers In the war with Mexico, 
 having distinguished himself at Medelin and at Cerro 
 Gordo ; and was a Representative iu Congress from 
 Tennessee from 1847 to 1849, and a Presidential 
 Elector in 1852. He died at Hopkinsville, Tennessee, 
 March 30, 1859. 
 
 JIaskiii, John IS. — Born at Fordham, West- 
 chester County, New York, August 7, 1821 ; educated 
 at a public school in New York City ; he was a lawyer 
 by profession ; held several important city offices 
 from 184G to 1856, and was then elected a Represent- 
 ative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, 
 officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi- 
 tures in the Navy Department ; and was also elected 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Uaslett, 'Joseph. — He was bom in Delaware, and 
 was the son of John Haslett, who was killed at the 
 battle of Princeton in 1777. He was Governor of 
 Delaware from 1811 to 1814, and again in 1823 and 
 1824. 
 
 Ifassaurek, Frederick. — He was a citizen of 
 Ohio, and from 1801 to 1866 was Minister Resident to 
 Ecuador. 
 
 Hasslev, Ferdinand Itiidolph. — Born at 
 Aernen, Switzerland, October 6, 1770 ; was introduced 
 in the country by Albert Gallatin ; was made Profes- 
 sor of Mathematics at West Point from February 14, 
 1807, to February 14, 1810 ; was Scientific Ambassador 
 to London and Paris, with the outfit and salary of a 
 Foreign Minister ; commenced the Coust Survey in 
 July, 1816, left it April, 1818, and resumed it August, 
 1832, and was director of that board. He made valu- 
 able contributions to the "American Philosophical 
 Transactions Relating to the Coast Survey." Author of 
 the " System of the Universe," 2 vols., 8vo., several 
 elementary works on Mathematics, and "Report to the 
 United States Senate on Weights and Measures in 
 1833." Died at Philadelphia, November 20, 1843. 
 
 Jfasfiiif/s, Georf/e. — He was born in Clinton, 
 Oneida County, New York, March 13, 1807; graduated 
 at Hamilton College in 1836 ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1830 ; he was District Attorney 
 for Oneida County nine years ; and he was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1853 to 
 1855. Late in the latter year he was elected Judge 
 for Livingston County, which office he held until his 
 death. Died at Mount Morris, Livingston County, 
 New York, August 39, 1866. 
 
 Hastings, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 1843, and died at 
 Columbus, December 29, 1854. 
 
 Hastings, Samuel Clinton. — He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Iowa from 1846 to 1847. 
 He was a lawyer by profession ; was at one time a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa ; and, having 
 emigrated to California, practiced his profession in 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Hastings, Heth. — He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1783 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1801 to 1807. After his ser- 
 vice in Congress, he was elected a State Senator in 
 1810 and 1814 ; was ajipointed Chief Justice of the 
 Court of Sessions ; and died in 1831, aged seventy 
 years, at Meudon, Massachusetts. 
 
 Hastings, William Soden.—Ue was fre- 
 quently a member of the Legislature of Massachu- 
 setts ; in the Senate from 1829 to 1834 ; a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1842. 
 Died at the Sulphur Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1843. 
 
 Hatch, Israel T. — He was born in New York, 
 in 1808 ; was a member of the Assembly of that State 
 in 1853 ; and elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee 
 on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on 
 Engraving. In 1859 he was appointed, by President 
 Buchanan, to examine and report upon the working 
 of the Reciprocity Treaty, and a few weeks later was 
 appointed Postmaster at Buffalo. Died at Buffalo, 
 September 34, 1875. 
 
 Hatcher, Robert A. — Was born in Buckingham 
 County, Virginia, February 34, 1819 ; educated in 
 Lynchburg ; studied law, and licensed to practice iu 
 Kentucky ; removed to Missouri in 1847 ; there fol- 
 lowed his profession ; was, for six years. Circuit At- 
 torney of the Tenth Judicial Circuit of Missouri ; was 
 a member of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ; 
 a member of the State Convention in 18G3, and of the 
 Confederate Congress in 1864 ; and elected to the For- 
 ty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on sev- 
 eral Committees. 
 
 Hathaway, Satniiel G. — Born in Freetown, 
 Bristol County, Massachusetts, July 18, 1780 ; received 
 a common-school education ; tried the sea as a sailor, 
 but gave it up ; iu 1830 he settled in Chenango County, 
 New York ; was, for eight years, a Justice of the 
 Peace ; in 1814 and 1818 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature ; iu 1823 to the State Senate ; and was a 
 Representative from New York to the Twenty-third 
 Congress. In 1853 he was a Presidential Elector ; 
 was a Delegate to the "Cincinnati Convention" of 
 1856 ; was for manj- years deeply interested in mili- 
 tary affairs, and attained the rank of Major-General 
 of Militia ; and, besides holding a great variety of lo- 
 cal offices, became one of the most extensive land pro- 
 prietors and farmers in his county. 
 
 Hathorn, Henry II. — Was born in Greenfield, 
 New York, November 28, 1813 ; received an academic 
 education ; was a merchant at Saratoga from 1839 to 
 1849 ; was largely interested in the hotel business 
 there, as one of the proprietors of Congress Hall, and 
 also owner of the Hathorn Spring ; was Supervisor 
 for Saratoga four years ; elected Sheriff of the County 
 in 1853 and 1863, serving six years ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-third Congress from New York, and re- 
 elected to the Forty-fourth. 
 
 Hathorn, John. — Ho was a member of the 
 State Senate of New York in 1787 ; a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1789 to 1791, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 193 
 
 again from 1795 to 1797 ; and was again elected to the 
 State Senate in 1804. Daring the latter year he was 
 a Presidential Elector. 
 
 Hatton, Robert, — Born in Sumner County, Ten- 
 nessee, in 1837 ; graduated at Cambridge University ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; 
 served in the Tennessee Legislature ia 1856 ; and in 
 1859 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Expenses in the Navy Department. He served in 
 the Rebellion of 1861, and was kUled at the battle of 
 Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 1862. 
 
 Hailfjheii, Thomas. — He was born in Glasgow, 
 Scotland, in 18"2S ; emigrated to this country and settled 
 in Alabama in 1840, where he received an English and 
 classical education ; studied medicine and surgery, 
 and graduated as a physician in New Orleans, in 1858 ; 
 served as a Surgeon in the army of the United States 
 from 1863 to 1865 ; was subsequently Staff Surgeon 
 in the Military Hospital at Chattanooga ; was twice 
 compelled to leave his home on account of his devo- 
 tion to the Union cause ; was a Delegate, in 1807, to 
 the State Constitutional Convention ; aud in February, 
 1868, he was elected a Representative from Alabama 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Expenditures on Public Buildings. 
 
 ITnun, II. P.— Born in Scott County, Kentucky ; 
 read law at the Transylvania University, of that State ; 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; he was, for a 
 time, Attorney for his native county ; removed to 
 Iowa in 184.5, and was a member of the Convention 
 which fonned the Constitution of that State in 1846 ; 
 removed to California in 1850, and was there elected 
 a County Judge ; and in 1859 was elected a Senator in 
 Congress from California, for the unexpired term of 
 the late Mr. Broderick. He served as a member of 
 the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Territories. 
 Died at Marysville, California, May 6, 1860. 
 
 Haven, Kathanicl A. — He was a native of 
 New Hampshire ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1779 ; was a member of Congress from that State from 
 1809 to 1811, and died March, 1831, aged sixty-nine 
 years. 
 
 Haven, Solomon O. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1857. Died at Buffalo, New 
 York, December 34, 1861. 
 
 Havens, Harrison E. — He was born in Frank- 
 lin County, Ohio, December 15, 1837 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; studied law in Illinois, aud 
 practiced in that State aud in Iowa ; removed to 
 Springfield, Missouri, in 1867, and became editor of 
 Tlie Springfield Patriot; returned to the practice of 
 law in 1873 ; held several unimportant civil offices, 
 and served for a short time as a Captain in the army ; 
 was elected to the Forty -second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Territories. 
 
 Havens, Jonathan N. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1777, and was for nine years a member of 
 the New York Assembly from Suffolk County, and a 
 Kepresentative in Congress from 1795 to 1799, the 
 year of his death. 
 
 Hawes, Albert <?. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1837, and died 
 in Davis County, Kentucky, April 14, 1849. 
 
 Halves, Aijlett. — Was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1811 to 1817. He was a 
 physician by profession, and died in Culpepper Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, August 31, 1833. 
 
 Hawes, HicJiard. — He was born in Caroline 
 County, Virginia, February 6, 1797 ; removed with 
 his family to Kentucky in 1810 ; received a good col- 
 legiate education ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1838, 
 1839, and 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Kentucky from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Haivkes, James. — He was born in Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1831 to 1823. 
 
 7 
 
 HaivJiins, Senjamin, — Bom in Jates County, ,^>y 
 North Carolina, August 15, 1754 ; was educated at (7 
 Princeton College, and was an excellent French 
 scholar, which occasioned his becoming a personal 
 friend of Washington, that he might act as inter- 
 preter in his intercourse with the French officers of 
 his army. He was with him at the battle of Mon- 
 mouth. In 1780 he was chosen Commercial Agent by 
 the Legislature of North Carolina ; and from 1781 to 
 1784, and 1786 to 1787, he was a Delegate in the First 
 Congress ; and as a Senator of the United States, un- 
 der the Constitution, from North Carolina, he served 
 from 1789 to 1795 ; and having been appointed by 
 Washington Agent for Superintending all the Indians 
 south of the Ohio, h* retained that office until his 
 death, having tendered his resignation, without its 
 being accepted, to each successive President from 
 1796 to 1816. He was a man of superior abilities and 
 lofty character, and left behind him some valuable 
 writings on "Topography" and "Indian Character." 
 He was also one of those who voted for locating the 
 Seat of Government on the Potomac, and died June 6, 
 1816. 
 
 Hatvkins, Isaac R. — He was born in Maury 
 County, Tennessee, May 16, 1818 ; served as a Lieu- 
 tenant in the war with Mexico, and was present at 
 the capture of Vera Cruz ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1856 ; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" of 
 1861 ; was elected in 1863 a Judge, but on account of 
 the war was not commissioned ; from 1862 to i860 he 
 served as an officer in the Union Army, and had 
 command of the Seventh Tennessee Cavalry ; was 
 captured by Confederates in March, 1864, and con- 
 fined in two different prisons in Macon, Georgia ; and 
 was one of the fifty officers placed under the fire of 
 the Federal guns in Charleston ; in 1865, after having 
 been mustered out, he was commissioned Chancellor 
 for the Sixth Division of Tennessee ; and in 1805 he 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking his seat 
 near the close of the first session, and serving on the ■ 
 Committees on the Militia and the Debts of Loyal 
 States. Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first 
 Congresses, serving on the Committee on Military 
 Affaijs, and Chairman of that on MUeage. 
 
 Haivleins, George S. — He was born in, New. 
 York, and having become a citizen of Florida, was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth and 
 Thirty-sixth Congresses from that State, serving on 1 
 the Committees on Private Land Claims and on 
 Naval Affairs ; and he was a member of the Select 
 Committee of Thirty -three on the Rebellious States. 
 He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Haivleins, Josej)7i. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1851. 
 
 Hawkins, Joseph II, — He was a member of 
 the Kentucky Legislature from 1810 to 1813 ; and 
 Speaker of that body in 1812 and 1813 ; a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State in 1814 and 1815. 
 
 Haivkins, M. T. — He entered public life in 
 
194 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 1819 as a member of the House of Commons of North 
 Carolina ; was a member of the State Senate from 
 1823 to 1837 ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 North Carolina from 1881 to 1841. He served again 
 in the State Senate in 1846. He was also at one time 
 a General of Militia. 
 
 IldirLins, Fhilemon, — Was born in North 
 Carolina, December 3, 1753 ; was a member of the 
 Assembly from Bute County before he was of age, 
 and represented the counties of Bute and Granville 
 for thirteen years, with but two years' intermission. 
 His last term was at Fayetteville in 1789. He was a 
 member of a troop of cavalry at the Battle of AUa- 
 mance, May 16, 1771 ; raised the first Volunteer com- 
 pany in Bute County for the War of Independence. 
 In 1776 was elected Colonel of a Regiment, and in 
 that capacity performed much service. He was the 
 last surviving signer of the State Constitution of 
 North Carolina ; in 1776 was a member of the Con- 
 vention which ratified the United States Constitution, 
 and frequently a member of the Executive Council. 
 He died at Pleasant Hill, Warren County, North 
 Carolina, January 28, 1833. 
 
 ITfnvkhtfi, William. — He was a native of North 
 Carolina ; elected a member of the Assembly in 1805 
 and was Speaker ; took an active part in the War of 
 1812 ; and was Governor of North Carolina from 1811 
 to 1814, and died about that time. 
 
 Jlaivlef/, Ci/riis M. — He was born in New 
 York ; removed to Illinois, and was appointed from 
 that State a Justice of the United States Court for 
 the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City. 
 
 Hawley, .John B. — Born in Fairfield County, 
 Connecticut, February 9, 1831 ; went to Illinois with 
 his parents when quite young ; studied law, and on 
 coming to the bar in 1852, settled at Rock Island ; in 
 1856 he was elected State's Attorney, serving four 
 years ; in 1861 he entered the Volunteer Army, and 
 as a Captain took an active part in the battles of 
 Forts Henry and Donelson, receiving injuries in the 
 last engagement which made it necessary for him to 
 retire from military duty in 1863 ; in I860 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln Postmaster of Rock 
 Island, and removed the year following by President 
 Johnson ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from Illinois to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Public Lands and Freedmen's 
 Affairs. Re-elected to the two subsequent Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Claims. 
 
 IFatrleij, Joseph. — Born in Northampton, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in 1724 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1742 ,■ began public life as a preacher, l)ut dtvoted 
 himself to the law, and practiced many years in 
 Hampshire County, and became distinguished as a 
 lawyer and politician, and an advocate of American 
 liberty. From 1764 to 1776 he held a seat in the Leg- 
 islature, and was a member of all the important 
 Coinniittees of the time, refusing an election as mem- 
 lieryof the Council ; in 1770 was Chairman of the 
 Committee on Correspondence. In 1774 was Cliair- 
 Tnan of the Committee to Consider the State of the 
 Countr}', in the Provincial Congress, and was a mem- 
 ber of that body in 1775 ; he continued a member of 
 'tlie General Court as long as health would permit. 
 Was an opposer of Jonathan Edwards, and etfected 
 his removal from Northampton, but afterwards be- 
 came his warm advocate, and in 1760 wrote a remark- 
 able letter deploring the part he had originally taken 
 against him. Died in Northampton, May 10, 1788. 
 
 Hawley, Joxejth Romvcfl. — Was born in Hujfden, Moses.— Tie was born in Hampshire 
 -Stewartsviile, North Carolina, October 31, 1836 ; re- County, Massachusetts ; graduated at Williams Col- 
 
 moved to Connecticut in 1887 ; graduated at Hamilton 
 College, New York, in 1847 ; studied law at Cazeno- 
 via, New York, and Farmington, Connecticut, and 
 commenced practice at Hartford, September 1, 1850; 
 became editor of Tfie Hurtford Eeening Press in 1857 ; 
 enlisted in the First Regiment Connecticut Volun- 
 teers, 1861, and commissioned a Captain ; served 
 three months, and engaged In recruiting the Seventh 
 Connecticut Volunteers, in which he was commis- 
 sioned Lieutenant-Colonel ; became Colonel in 1862, 
 Brigadier-General in 1864, brevetted Major-General in 
 1865, and mustered out in 1866 ; was elected Governor 
 of Connecticut in 1866, holding the office one year ; 
 returned to journalism as editor of The Hartford 
 Courant ; was President of the National Republican 
 Convention in 1868 ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress to succeed James L. Strong, deceased, 
 in 1873. Also elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the Centennial Exhibi- 
 tion, and he was also made President of the Centen- 
 nial Commission. 
 
 Haws, J. H. Hdhart. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, — Bom in Salem, 
 Massachusetts, July 4, 1804 ; graduated at Bowdoin 
 College in 1825 ; spent his early life on a farm, and 
 resided many years in Salem ; in 1832 he published 
 an anonymous romance, and tales and sketches for 
 The, Token, which were afterwards published as 
 " Twice Told Tales." From 1838 to 1841 he was 
 weigher and ganger in the Boston Custom House ; 
 was one of the founders of the Literary Association 
 at "Brook Farm," in West Roxbury, and resided 
 there for a year ; then returned to Boston until 1834, 
 when he removed to the "Old Manse" at Concord. 
 From 1846 to 1850 he was Surveyor of the Port of 
 Salem. In 1846 he wrote "Mosses from an Old 
 Manse," and in 1850published " The Scarlet Letter ; " 
 then settled in Lenox, and wrote the "House of the 
 Seven Gables ;" in 1852 removed to Concord, pub- 
 lished a life of his friend Franklin Pierce, and was 
 by him appointed United States Consul at Liverpool ; 
 resigned in 1857, and traveled in Europe two years. 
 His publications were numerous, and a complete edi- 
 tion was published in Boston. He died at Plymouth, 
 New Hampshire, May 19, 1864. 
 
 Hay, Andrew K. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts, and having become a resident of New Jersey, 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from 1849 
 to 1851. 
 
 Hay, Oeorf/e. — He was a distinguished member 
 of the Virginia Legislature ; was for many years 
 United States Attorney, in which capacity he was the 
 prosecutor of Aaron Burr ; and was subsequently Judge 
 of the United States Court for the Eastern District of 
 Virginia. His political writings, signed " Horteu- 
 sius," gave him some celebrity. He wrote a treati.se 
 against the Usury Laws, " Life of John Thompson," 
 I and a treatise on Emigration in 1814. Died in Rich- 
 mond, September, 1830. 
 
 Hay, John Ji. — Born in Belleville, Illinois, 
 January 8, 1834 ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion ; worked on a farm, and then worked in a print- 
 ing-office ; adopted the profession of law ; was for 
 eight years a District Attorney for the State ; served 
 in the Union Army during the Rebellion ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid 
 Pensions and the Post Office. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 195 
 
 lege in 1804 ; and was a member of the New York 
 State Senate in 1829 and 1830, and a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1823 to 1827. Died 
 February 14, 1830, aged forty-four years. 
 
 Hai/es, Alexamler L. — Bom in Kent County, 
 Delaware. March 7, 1793 ; before entering college he 
 was appointed Secretary of the State Senate ; grad- 
 uated at Dickinson College in 1812 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 181.5 ; practiced the profession with 
 success In Philadelphia, and was a prominent Judge 
 in several of the Districts of Pennsylvania for a pe- 
 riod of forty-two years. He was also one of the orig- 
 inators and managers of the Conestoga Cotton Mills, 
 and held many local offices of trust and honor. Died 
 at Lancaster, July 13, 187.5. 
 
 Hai/es. Rntherford B. — Born in Delaware, 
 Ohio, October 4, 1823 ; graduated at Kenyon College, 
 Ohio, and at the Law School of Cambridge ; adopted 
 the profession of law ; was City Solicitor of Cincin- 
 nati from 1858 to 1861 ; Major and Lieutenant-Colonel 
 of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers in 1861 ; Colonel 
 of the same from 1862 to 1864, when he was appointed 
 a Brigadier-General, and during the same year was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private 
 Land Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 the Library. He was re-elected to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress ; resigned in the summer of 1867, and was soon 
 afterwards elected Governor of Ohio. In 1868 the 
 degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Gambier 
 College. In 1873, after a severe contest, he was 
 again elected Governor of Ohio, the opposing Candi- 
 date having been William Allen, who, as Governor, 
 had recently appointed him a Commissioner to the 
 Centennial. 
 
 Jlfii/rs, Sarniiel. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Hai/mond, Thomnft S. — He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Haymond, W. S. — Born in Harrison County, 
 Virginia, February 20, 1823 ; gained his education 
 mostly by his own industry and through books, with 
 some instruction at the common schools ; in this way 
 he mastered the higher branches of mathematics 
 taught school for two years, also devoted some time 
 to ciril engineering ; studied medicine, and removed 
 to Indiana in 1851, and became successful in his pro- 
 fession ; in 1861 he entered the army as a Surgeon, 
 where he remained until 1863 ; defeated for the State 
 Senate In 1866 ; was elected Pre.sident of the Indian- 
 apolis, Delphi and Chicago Railroad Company in 
 1872, 1873, and 1874 ; and was the projector of a rail- 
 road from Chicago to Charleston, South Carolina, and 
 elected President of the Company in 1873 ; in 1874 he 
 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Haj/ne, Arthur P.— He was bom in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, March 12, 1790 ; received a good 
 education, and commenced active life in a counting- 
 house. He early formed an attachment for military 
 life, and on entering the army, rendered good service 
 during the last war with England, at Sackett's Har- 
 bor as First Lieutenant ; on the St. Lawrence as 
 Major of Cavalry ; in the Creek Nation as Inspector- 
 General, and also at the storming of Pensacola and 
 at New Orleans. After the war he studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania. During 
 the Florida War he was again called into the field, 
 and had command of the Tenne.ssee Volunteers, and 
 after receiving three brevets, retired from the army 
 
 in 1820. He subsequently served in the Legislature 
 of South Carolina, and was chosen a Presidential 
 Elector in 1828, voting for Jackson ; and he was ap- 
 pointed to a seat in the United States Senate from 
 South Carolina in May, 18.58, in the place of J. J. 
 Evans. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, January 
 7, 1867. His brother, B. Y. Hayne, was also a Sen- 
 ator in Congress. 
 
 Ilnijne, Robert Y. — He was bom near Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, November 10, 1791 ; his early 
 advantages for education were limited ; he studied 
 law -with Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to the 
 bar before he was twenty-one years of age, attaining 
 a high rank as a lawyer. In the War of 1812 he held 
 the commission of Lieutenant. In 1814 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature, and in 1818 Speaker, 
 and was also Attorney- General of the State. He was 
 elected to the United States Senate in 1823, and con- 
 tinued there until 1832, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Naval Affairs. In 1832, as a member 
 of the "Union and State Rights Convention" of 
 South Carolina, he reported the Ordinance of Nulli- 
 fication, and was soon afterwards elected Governor 
 of the State, serving until 1834. He was subsequent- 
 ly Mayor of Charleston, and President of the Charles- 
 ton, Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad Company. 
 He died at Ashville, North Carolina, September 24, 
 1839. His abilities were of a high order, and he 
 acquired distinction by his participation in a debate 
 in the Senate with Daniel Webster. 
 
 Hat/ lies, Charles E. — He was born in Bruns- 
 wick, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1825 to 1839, and again from 1835 
 to 1839. 
 
 ITai/s, CJifirfes. — He was born in Greene Coun- 
 t ty, Alabama, February 2, 1834 ; educated at the Uni- 
 versity of Georgia and the University of Virginia ; 
 ' devoted himselfto agricultural pursuits, and was one 
 I of the largest planters in Alabama ; elected to the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of Alabama in 1867. and was 
 one of the framers of the Constitution of that State ; 
 was elected to the State Senate of Alabama in 1868, 
 and while a member was elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress. Re-elected to the four succeeding Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs, 
 and Chairman of that on Agriculture. 
 
 I Hays, L. Samuel. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Hay ward, Elijah. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts ; and in 1830 he was appointed Commissioner of 
 the General Land Office in Washington, holding the 
 position six years. 
 
 Haywood, William H., Jr. — Born in Wake 
 County, North Carolina, in 1801 ; graduated at the 
 University of North Carolina in 1819 ; studied law , 
 entered public life as a member of the House of Com- 
 mons in 1834, continuing there three years ; in 1836 
 was Speaker of the House ; and a Senator in Congress 
 from 1843 to 1846. 
 
 Hazard, Eheiiezer. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1745 ; graduated at the New Jersey 
 College in 1762 ; he was the last Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral under the old Government, having served as 
 such from 1782 to 1789. He was the author of two 
 volumes of Historical Collections, and also of a Re- 
 port on the Western Indians. Died in Philadelphia, 
 June 13, 1817. 
 
 Hazard, tronathaii.—He was a Delegate from 
 
196 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 Rhode Island to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 
 1788. 
 
 Ilasnrd, Nnthatiiel.—^e was bom in New- 
 port, Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown University 
 in 1792, and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State, from 1819 to 1831. Died December 
 18, 1820, in Washington City. 
 
 Haseltine, Abner. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1829 and 1830, and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 
 1837. 
 
 Hazelton, Gerry W, — He was bom in Chester, 
 New Hampshire, February 24, 1829 ; educated at the 
 Pinkerton Academy, New Hampshire, and was a pri- 
 vate tutor there ; studied law in New York ; removed 
 to Wisconsin in 1856 ; elected to the State Senate in 
 1860, and twice chosen President pro tern.; elected 
 District Attorney in Columbia County ; appointed 
 Collector of Internal Revenue in 1866, and removed ; 
 appointed United States Attorney for the District of 
 Wisconsin in 1869, and was elected to the Forty- 
 second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the 
 Committees on War Claims, Elections, and the Navy 
 Department. 
 
 Hazelton, John W, — He was born at Mullica 
 Hill, New Jersey, December 10, 1819 ; attended the 
 high school at Burlington ; was a practical farmer ; a 
 Delegate to the National Republican Convention at 
 Chicago in 1868 ; an Elector in that year ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses from New Jersey, serving on the Committee 
 on Agriculture. 
 
 Ilazzard, David. — He was Governor of Dela- 
 ware from 1830 to 1833. 
 
 Healy, Joseph. — He was born in Cheshire, New 
 Hampshire ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Hampshire from 1823 to 1829, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
 He was also a State Councilor from 1829 to 1832, and 
 State Senator in 1824. Died at Washington, New 
 Hampshire, October 10, 1861, aged eighty-five years. 
 
 Heath, James E. — He was born In Virginia, 
 and in 1850 he was appointed Commissioner of Pen- 
 sions, holding the office until 1853. 
 
 Heath, James P. — He was born in Delaware, 
 December 21, 1777. In 1799 he was appointed a 
 Lieutenant in the Regiment of Artillerists and Engi- 
 neers, which he resigned in 1803 ; he was Register in 
 Chancery at Annapolis at the commencement of the 
 War of 1812 ; he served through the whole war as 
 Aid-de Camp to General Winder ; in 1838 he was 
 wrecked on the steamer Pulaski, and spent five days 
 and nights afloat \ipon a piece of the wreck ; when nine- 
 teen years of age he fought a duel with Jolin Knight, 
 and received aball which never left him ; and he was 
 a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 
 1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Commerce. He died in Georgetown, District of 
 Columbia, June 13, 1854. 
 
 Heath, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797. 
 
 Heath, Upton S. — He was a native of Mary- 
 land, and received a liberal education ; several of his 
 kinsmen were prominent in publiclife and he himself 
 held various local offices connected with the profes- 
 sion of law ; and he was for many years United 
 Stiates Judge for the District of Maryland. 
 
 Heaton, David. — He was born in Butler 
 County, Ohio, March 10, 1833 ; received an acade- 
 mical education ; read law and was admitted to the 
 bar ; in 1855 he was elected to the Ohio Senate ; 
 in 1857 removed to Minnesota, and was elected to 
 the Senate of that State ; was twice re-elected ; in 
 1863 he removed to Newbern, North Carolina, where 
 he held a position under the Treasury ; in 1867 he 
 was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional 
 Convention ; and in 1868 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the Census ; re-elected 
 to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Elections, and Chairman of that on Coinage, 
 Weights, and Measures. Died in Washington, June 
 35, 1870. His last words were — "God bless the 
 colored people." 
 
 Hebard, IViUiam. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; and having settled in Vermont, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State, from 1849 
 to 1833. He was also Judge of the Supreme Court 
 from 1843 to 1845 ; Judge of Probate for seven years ; 
 served seven years in the two Houses of the Legisla- 
 ture ; and was two years Attorney for Orange County. 
 
 He/tin, Robert S. — He was bom in Madison, 
 Georgia, April 15, 1815 ; received a good education ; 
 served in the Creek War in 1836 ; was elected Clerk of 
 the Superior Court of Fayette County in 1836, and 
 re-elected in 1838 ; studied law and came to the bar 
 in 1840 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1840 
 and 1841 ; removed to Randolph County, Georgia, in 
 1844 ; was a member of the Legislature in 1849, and 
 1860 ; was a Union man during the war of the Rebel- 
 lion, and in 1864, was compelled to leave his home 
 to save his life, passing through the lines to the 
 Union Army at Rome, Georgia, accompanying Gene- 
 ral Sherman's command to Savannah ; was appointed 
 Judge of Probate in 1865, and subsequently elected 
 to that office, which he held until the State was ad- 
 mitted into the Union ; was Republican Elector ; was 
 elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several 
 Committees. 
 
 Heister, Daniel. — Was bom in Berks County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1747. He received a good English 
 education, and became a thorough business man. He 
 settled in Montgomery County, where he was active 
 during the Revolution, being Colonel, and afterwards 
 Brigadier-General, of the Militia, and in service. In 
 1784 he was elected to the Supreme Executive Coun- 
 cil of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 was appointed a Com- 
 missioner of the Connecticut Land Claims. He was a 
 member of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Con- 
 gresses from Pennsylvania. After this he removed to 
 Hagerstown, Maryland, and was elected from that 
 State a member of" the Seventh and Eighth Congresses, 
 during his attendance upon which last he died at 
 Washington, March 8, 1804. He was one of those 
 who voted for locating the Seat of Government on 
 the Potomac. 
 
 Heister, Daniel. — Son of John Heister, suc- 
 ceeded his father in Congress, and was a member of 
 the Eleventh Congress. 
 
 Heister, John. — Brother of Colonel Daniel 
 Heister, was bom April 9, 1746. and was a member of 
 the Tenth Congress from Pennsylvania. Died October 
 15, 1821. 
 
 Heister, Joseph. — Was bom in Bern Township, 
 Berks County, November 18, 1752, and was brought 
 up to conduct a fami and a store. Inheriting a good 
 fortune, at the outbreali of the Revolution he equip- 
 ped a comi^any himself, with which he joined the 
 anny. He became a Colonel ; was a prisoner in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 197 
 
 Jersey prison-ship, where he exercised a liberal gen- 
 erosity in alleviating the sufferings of his fellow- 
 prisoners. He was a member of the Convention that 
 framed the State Constitution of 1770. He served 
 five years in the House and four in the Senate of 
 Pennsylvania, and as a member of the "State Con- 
 stitutional Convention " of 1790. He was a member 
 from Pennsylvania of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, 
 Eighth, and Ninth Congresses. In 1807 he was ap- 
 pointed one of the two Major-Generals to command 
 the Pennsylvania contingent, called for by the Presi- 
 dent. After this he retired from public life, but in 
 1814 his old constituency of Berks would again have 
 him in Congress, and elected him for the Fourteenth, 
 Fifteenth, and Sixteenth terms. In 1817 he was run 
 for Governor unsuccessfully, but three years after- 
 wards was elected, and served in that office until 
 1833, with great credit for a wise and honest admin- 
 istration of public affairs. Declining all solicitations 
 to the contrary, he now finally retired from office, 
 and spent the serene evening of an honorable life in 
 the midst of the people who loved him. He died at 
 Reading, June 10, 1833. 
 
 Hcister, IViUiam, — Nephew of John and of 
 Colonel Daniel Heistei, was bom in Bern Township, 
 Berks County. He established himself in Lancaster 
 County, where he cultivated a farm, and by his in- 
 dustry, honesty, and good sense, recommended him- 
 self to the popular regard. He was a member of the 
 Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses ; of the 
 Convention of 1837 to revise the Constitution of 
 Pennsylvania ; and of the State Senate. Died October 
 15, 1853, aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Helm, tTohii Larue. — Bom in Hardin County, 
 Kentucky, July 4, 1803 ; when a lad was employed 
 in the office of the Circuit Clerk ; studied law ; was 
 admitted to the bar and was made County Attorney ; 
 in 1836 was elected to the House of Representatives 
 of the State, and was a member of that body eleven 
 years ; was elected State Senator from 1844 to 1848, 
 and from 1865 to 1869 ; but resigned in 1867 to run 
 for Governor ; he pre.sided in the Legislature seven 
 years ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1848 ; and 
 was Governor from 1800 to 1853 ; in 1854 was made 
 President of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad ; 
 in 1867 ill-health prevented his being inaugurated at 
 Franlifort, and it was done at his residence in Eliza- 
 bethtown, September 3, and he died there September 
 8, 1867. 
 
 Helniiek, TViUinni. — Born in Jefferson County, 
 Ohio, September 6, 1817 ; received a common-school 
 education, and taught school foj seven years ; studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1851 he 
 was elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 he 
 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Post-Offices and Post Roads. He subse- 
 quently accepted a chief clerkship in the Interior 
 Department. 
 
 Helms, William. — He was an officer in the 
 Revolutionary army ; a Representative in Congress 
 from New Jersey from 1801 to 1811 ; and removing 
 to Tennessee, died there at an advanced age. 
 
 Hemphill, •John. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Texas from 1859 until that State seceded, 
 when he became identified with the great Rebellion. 
 Expelled from the Senate July 10, 1861. 
 
 Hemphill, Joseph. — He was bom in Delaware 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a leading member of 
 the old Federal party ; he was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1803, again 
 from 1819 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1831. He distin- 
 
 guished himself particularly by a speech on the Judi- 
 ciary Bill in 1801 ; and was for some time Judge of 
 the District Court of Philadelphia. He died in Phila- 
 delphia, May 39, 1843, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 Hempstead, Edirard. — He was born in New 
 London, Connecticut, June 3, 1780 ; received a clas- 
 sical education from private tutors, and having stud- 
 ied law was admitted to the bar in 1801. After 
 spending three j'ears in Rhode Island practicing his 
 profession, he removed, in 1804, to the Territory of 
 Louisiana, traveling on horseback, and tarrying for 
 a time at Vincenues, Indiana Territory. He first 
 settled at St. Charles, on the Missouri River, but in 
 1805 he removed to St. Louis, where he resided the 
 balance of his life. In 1806 he was appointed Deputy 
 Attorney-General for the District of St. Louis and St. 
 Charles, and in 1809 Attorney-General for the Terri- 
 tory of Upper Louisiana, which office he held until 
 1811 ; he was the first Delegate to Congress from 
 the western side of the Mississippi River, represent- 
 ing Missouri Territory from 1811 to 1814. After his 
 service in Congress, he went upon several expedi- 
 tions against the Indians ; was elected to the Terri- 
 torial Assembly, and chosen Speaker ; and he died 
 August 10, 1817. He was a man of ability, pure, and 
 \vithout reproach, and his loss was deeply lamented 
 by all who knew him, 
 
 Hempstead, Stephen. — He was Governor of 
 Iowa from 1850 to 1854. 
 
 Hemslei/, William. — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 
 1784. 
 
 Hendee, George Jfliifmaii. — He was born in 
 Stow, Vermont, November 30, 1833 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied law and admitted to the 
 bar ; was Prosecuting Attorney in 1858 ; a member of 
 the State House of Representatives in 1861 and 1863 ; 
 of the State Senate in 1866, 1867, and 1868, and 
 President pro tern, the last year ; was Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Vermont in 1869 ; was Governor in 1870 ; 
 and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con- 
 
 I gresses, serving in the former on the Committee on 
 
 I the District of Columbia. 
 
 Henderson, Archibald. — Born in Granville 
 County, North Carolina, August 7, 1768, and died 
 October 81, 1833. He was. educated in his native 
 county, studied law, and rose to a high position at 
 the bar of his State. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1803 ; and 
 subsequently elected to the General Assembly for 
 several terms. His learning was extensive, and his 
 character as a man above reproach. 
 
 Henderson, Rennett H. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Hendei'son,.Tohn. — He was a laivyer by pro- 
 fession ; a General of Militia in Mississippi ; a Sena- 
 tor in Congress from Mississippi from 1839 to 1845 ; 
 and during the latter part of his life practiced his pro- 
 fession in Louisiana. After his service in Congress, 
 he was engaged in an unlawful expedition against 
 Cuba, for which he was tried, but acquitted by a 
 New Orleans jury. He died at Pass Christian, in 
 1857, aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Henderson, tTohn li. — Was born in Virginia, 
 November 16, 1836 ; in 1836 removed with hU parents 
 to Missouri ; spent a part of his boyhood on a farm. 
 While obtaining an academical education, he taught 
 school for his support ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1848, and was soon afterwards elected to the 
 State Legislature ; re-elected in 1856 ; and in the 
 
19S 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 same j'ear chosen a Presidential Elector ; also in 
 1860. He was a Delegate to the Charleston Conven- 
 tion in 1860 ; had command for a time of a Brigade 
 of Militia. On the expulsion of Trusten Polk from 
 the United States Senate, he was appointed to fill the 
 vacancy, and in 1863 was elected for the full term 
 ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the 
 Post Office and Post Roads, and those on the District 
 of Columbia, Finance, Expenses of the Senate, For- 
 eign Relations, and Claims, and as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Commis- 
 sioner to treat with the hostile tribes of Indians in 
 1867. In 187.5 he was appointed to assist the District 
 Attorney at St. Louis to prosecute certain men who 
 had conspired to defraud the Government, when he 
 reflected on the President in severe language, and 
 was at once removed. 
 
 Henderson, John H. D. — He was bom in 
 
 Salem, Livingston County, Kentucky, July 33, 1810 ; 
 received a good English education ; commenced active 
 life by adopting the trade of a printer ; was subse- 
 quently a preacher of the Gospel, and for several 
 years was devoted to agricultural pursuits. In 1864 
 he was elected a Representative from Oregon to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Pacific Railroad, Mines and Mining, Indian 
 Affairs, and the Special Committee on the Death of 
 President Lincoln. 
 
 Henderson, Joseph, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Henderson, -7. Pinckneij. — Born in Lincoln 
 County, North Carolina, March 31, 1808. He re- 
 ceived a liberal education, but did not graduate, and 
 adopted the law as a profession, first visiting Cuba 
 for liis health, and settling in Mississippi. He emi- 
 grated to Texas in 1836, and his first civil office was 
 that of Attorney-General of the Republic of Texas, 
 having been appointed by President Houston in 1836 ; 
 in 1837 he was appointed Secretary of State of the 
 Republic ; soon afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary 
 to England and France, clothed with the additional 
 powers of Commissioner to solicit the recognition of 
 the independence of Texas ; in 1838 he made a com- 
 mercial arrangement with England, and in 1839 a 
 commercial treaty with France ; in 1844 he was ap- 
 pointed a Special Minister to the United States, which 
 mission resulted in the annexation of Texas ; in 1845 
 he was a member of the Convention which framed 
 the Constitution of the State of Texas ; in November 
 of the same year, was elected Governor of that State ; 
 and when the Mexican war broke out in 1846, as 
 Governor of the State, and by permission of the Leg- 
 islature, he took command in person of the Volunteer 
 troops called for by General Taylor, served six months 
 as Major-General, and distinguished himself at the 
 battle of Monterey, subsequently recei\-ing from Con- 
 gress for his services, a vote of thanks and a sword 
 valued at fifteen hundred dollars. He was elected a 
 Senator in Congress in 1857 from Texas, but owing to 
 ill health, did not take an active part in its proceed- 
 ings ; and he died in Washington City, June 4, 1858, 
 deeply lamented by all who knew him. 
 
 Henderson, Leonard. — Born in 1772; studied 
 law, and practiced in North Carolina; was a Judge of 
 the Superior Court of that State from 1808 to 1810 ; 
 was one of the Judges of the New Supreme Court 
 when it was first formed, and in 1829 was appointed 
 Chief Justice, Died in Granville County, North Caro- 
 lina, August, 1833. 
 
 Henderson, Samuel, — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1814 to 
 1815, for the unexpired term of Jonathan Roberts. 
 
 Henderson, Tlionias. — He was a graduate of 
 Princeton College in 1761 ; was Judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas ; a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1779 to 1780 ; a Representative of 
 New Jersey in Congress under the Constitution, from 
 1795 to 1797; and was once Lieutenant-Governor of 
 that State. 
 
 Henderson, llionias J, — Born in Browns- 
 ville, Haywood County, Tennessee, November 29, 
 1824 ; in 1836 removed with his father to Illinois ; re- 
 ceived an academic education, and spent one year at 
 the University of Iowa ; adopted tlie profession of 
 law ; from 1847 to 1849 he was a Clerk for County 
 Commissions ; served four years as the Clerk of the 
 County ; was a Master in Chancery ; in 18.54 elected 
 to the State Legislature ; in 1856 chosen a Senator, 
 serving four years; raised a Regiment of Volunteers in 
 1862, of which he became Colonel, and served until 
 the close of the war, and for a considerable time had 
 command of a brigade ; in 1864 he was severely 
 wounded at Resaca, and brevetted a Brigadier-General 
 in 1865 for services in Georgia and Tennessee ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1868 ; in 1871 was appointed 
 a Collector of Internal Revenue, holding the office 
 two years ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hendricks, Tlionias A. — He was born in 
 
 Muskingum County, Ohio, September 7, 1819 ; was 
 educated at South Hanover College ; studied law, and 
 completed his legal studies at Chanibersburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1843 ; settled in Indiana, and practiced his 
 profession with success. In 1848 he was chosen to 
 the State Legislature, and declined a re-election ; was 
 an active member of the Indiana " Constitutional 
 Convention " of 18.50 ; and was a Representative In 
 Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855; he was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce, in 1855, Commissioner of 
 the General Land Office, in which he was continued 
 by President Buchanan until 1859, when he resigned. 
 He was subsequently elected a Senator in Congress 
 for the long term, commencing in 1803 and ending in 
 1869, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public 
 Buildings and Grounds, the Judiciary, Public Lands, 
 and Naval Affairs. In 1872 he received a majority 
 of the Democratic votes for the office of President of 
 the United States. 
 
 Hendricks, 1f'ilHani.— Bom in Westmoreland 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1783. He was one of tlio 
 early settlers of Madison, Indiana, having removed 
 there in 1814. During his residence in that State he 
 filled many high and important offices ; he was Sec- 
 retary of the Convention which formed the present 
 Constitution of the State ; the first andsole Represent- 
 ative of Indiana in Congress from 1816 to 1822 ; Gov- 
 ernor of the State from 1822 to 1825, when he was 
 elected a member of the United States Senate, and 
 served until 1837. He was Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Roads and Canals. He died in Madison, 
 Jlay 16, 1850. 
 
 Henkfe, Eli Jones. — Born in Baltimore Coun- 
 ty, Maryland, in November, 1828 ; received an aca- 
 demic education ; taught school three years ; studied 
 medicine, and graduated at the University of Mary- 
 land in 1850 ; has devoted himself to his profession 
 and to agricultural pursuits ; was elected a member 
 of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1853 ; was 
 a member of the State Constitutional Convention 
 in 1864 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1867, 
 1868, and 1870 ; re-elected to the House of Del- 
 egates in 1871 and 1873 ; in 1872 was Delegate to the 
 National Democratic Convention ; was one year Pro- 
 fessor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Natural History 
 in the Maryland Agricultural College, which poeition 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 199 
 
 he resigned in 1874, and was elected a Representative 
 from Maryland to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Henley, Thomas >T. — He was born in Indiana 
 in 1810; was educated at the Indiana State College, 
 and pursued the occupation of a farmer ; he was a 
 member of the State Legislature from 1833 to 1843 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana 
 from 184y to 1849, having been the first native of 
 that State elected to that office. In 1849 he eiliigrated 
 to California, and was a member of the first Leg- 
 islature of that State ; he was for seven years Su- 
 perintendent of Indian Affairs for California, and was 
 subsequently appointed Postmaster of San Francisco. 
 
 Henti, Bemhart. — He was born in New York, 
 and, on emigrating to Iowa, he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 
 1853. 
 
 Hcnnegan, B. K, — He was Acting Governor of 
 South Carolina in 1840. 
 
 JTenrj/, James.— He -was a Delegate from Vir- 
 ginia to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. 
 He was a lawyer and a Judge, and died in Virginia in 
 January, 1805. 
 
 Henri/, rjohn, — He was a graduate of Princeton 
 College in 1769 ; was for several years, from 1778, a 
 Delegate to the Old Congress ; a Senator in Congress, 
 under the Constitution, from Maryland, from 1789 to 
 1797, when he resigned, and was elected Governor of 
 Maryland in the latter year. He was one of those 
 who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. He died at Easton, December, 1798. 
 
 Henry, John F, — He was the brother of Rob- 
 ert P. Henry, and was elected to Congress from Ken- 
 tucky, for the unexpired term of the same, from 1836 
 to 1837. He was born in Scott County, Kentucky, 
 January 17, 1798; received his education at the 
 Georgetown Academy of Kentucky ; studied medi- 
 cine, and in 1813 was appointed Surgeon's Mate in 
 Boswell's Regiment of Kentucky troops, serving at 
 Fort Meigs. Subsequently graduated at the New 
 York University ; settled in Hopkiusville, Kentucky, 
 in 1823 ; and subsequently to his service in Congress 
 removed to Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 Henry, Joseph, — Born in Albany, New York, 
 December 17, 1797; received a common- school edu- 
 cation in Saratoga County, and, as an apprentice, 
 pursued for a short time the occupation of a watch- 
 maker, and was attached to a surveying party, to 
 mark out a State road from the Hudson River to Lake 
 Erie. In 1836 he entered the Albany Academy as a 
 tutor — Professor of Mathematics — and soon after be- 
 gan a series of experiments in electricity ; made vari- 
 ous discoveries iu electro-magnetism, which were 
 described in Silliman's Journal as early as 1831 ; 
 in 1833 he was called to the chair of Natural Pliilos- 
 ophy in Princeton College ; in 1835 offered a Profes- 
 sorship in the University of Virginia, but declined ; 
 iu 1837 he visited Europe, where he remained one 
 year, and his discoveries connected with the electro- 
 magnet were recognized, and resulted in establish- 
 ing the wonders of what is now called the tel- 
 egraph. In 1840 he resigned his honorable position 
 at Princeton, and became the Secretary or Director of 
 the Smithsonian Institution, which he holds at the 
 present time. His scientific writings, including his 
 elaborate Smithsonian contributions, reports, scientific 
 investigations, and discoveries, and numbering more 
 than fifty, have given him a world-wide reputation ; 
 and the great institution under his charge was entirely 
 organized, and has ever been conducted according to 
 his individual opinions, sustained by a Board of Re- 
 
 gents. He made a second visit to Europe for his health, 
 and received all the attention from the scientific 
 world, which was so eminently his due. Without 
 extra compensation, he has served the General Gov- 
 ernment iu manifold departments, but chiefly as the 
 Executive head of the Light-House Board, of which 
 he was a member for more than twenty years. As 
 the head of several scientific societies, his influence 
 is universally recognized and appreciated. Long be- 
 fore he became identified with the Smithsonian In- 
 stitution, he published many valuable pai)ers on 
 electricity and magnetism in the " American Philos- 
 ophical Transactions," SiUiiiwii's Journal of Science, 
 and the Journal of the American Institute. The 
 two principal learned societies over which he was 
 called to preside as President, were the National 
 Academy of Sciences, and the American Association 
 for the Advancement of Education. 
 
 Henry, Patrick. — Bom in Studley, Hanover 
 County, Virginia, May 39, 1736 ; his education was 
 neglected until he had reached the age of manhood, 
 and was a husband and father ; tlien it was that he 
 began to study law, and was soon admitted to prac- 
 tice ; in 1764 lie made his first striking effort as an 
 advocate and an orator, and from that year became 
 famous. He was the first man of mark in Virginia 
 to declare against the usurpations of Britain. In 
 1765 he was chosen to the Virginia Assembly, and 
 there introduced a set of remarkable re.solutions, sup- 
 porting them with a speech of surpassing ability ; 
 and from that time he was hailed us the great advo- 
 cate of human rights and rational liberty. He was 
 elected a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental 
 Congress, from 1774 to 1776 ; there distinguished 
 himself as an orator ; and signed the Declaration of 
 Independence. He was a Delegate to the " Richmond 
 Convention " of 1777, acd again electrified the peo- 
 ple by his eloquence; iu 1776 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia, re-elected, and then declined a re- 
 election ; from 1780 to 1791 he served in the Assem- 
 bly of the State ; was a member in 1788 of the Con- 
 vention to ratify the Federal Constitution, to which 
 he was opposed ; in 1795 Washington tendered to 
 him the office of Secretary of State, but he preferred 
 the retirement of home, and declined it; was again 
 elected Governor in 1796, but declined to serve ; in 
 1799 President Adams offered him the mission to 
 France, but his declining health compelled liim to 
 decline that honor also ; and on June 6, of that 
 year, he died. Evidences of his splendid intellect 
 are abundant and " familiar as household words," and 
 a tribute that he paid to the Christian religion, iu 
 his will, is, for beauty and force, without a parallel 
 in the English language. 
 
 Henry, Bobert J?.— Born in Scott County, Ken- 
 tucky, November 34, 1788 ; graduated at the Univer- 
 sity of Transylvania ; studied law with Henry Clay, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; served that year 
 as Prosecuting Attorney for his district ; served in 
 the War of 1813, as an Aid-de-Camp to his father, 
 Major-General William Henry ; subsequently settled 
 in Christian County, and became Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney for that circuit ; was a Director of the Princeton 
 Branch of the Commonwealth Bank ; and was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, for the 
 terra from 1833 to 1837. As a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Roads and Canals, he obtained the first 
 appropriation ever granted for improving the Missis- 
 sippi River. While in Congress he received the ap- 
 pointment of Judge of the Court of Appeals, which 
 he declined ; and he died of fever, August 25, 1826, 
 before the expiration of his term iu Congress. 
 
 Henry, Thomas, — Born in Ireland in 1785. He 
 served his adopted State, Pennsylvania, in Congress 
 
200 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 from 1837 to 1843. Died in Beaver County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, February 37, 1849. 
 
 Henry, William. — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1784 
 to 1786. 
 
 Henry, William, — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire, and having settled in Vermont, devoted himself 
 to mercantile pursuits. Was for many years Cashier 
 of the Bank of Bellows Falls, where he resides ; wa.= 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Vermont 
 from 1847 to 1853, accomplishing much work as a 
 member of several Committees. 
 
 Henshatv, David, — Born in Leicester, Massa- 
 chusetts, April 3, 1791 ; his father was a patriot of 
 the Kevolution ; he received a common-school educa- 
 tion ; wliile yet a young man he went into the drug 
 business, Ijut devoted much of his attention to writing 
 on politics ; he was for nine years Collector of Cus- 
 toms for the Port of Boston ; was appointed in 1848 
 by Pre.sident Tyler Secretary of the Navy, and after 
 holding the office for nearly a year, was rejected by 
 the Senate. He took an important part in the earlier 
 railroad operations of this State, and was one of the 
 projectors of the Boston and Worcester and Providence 
 Railroads. Died in Leicester, November 11, 1853. 
 
 Henson, Abraham, — He was a citizen of Wis- 
 consin, and in 1863 he was appointed a Commissioner 
 and Consul-General to Liberia, and died at his post of 
 duty, July 20, 1866. 
 
 Herbert, John C, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1815 to 1819, and a 
 Presidential Elector in 1834. 
 
 Herbert, Paul, — Born in Louisiana ; graduated 
 first in his class at West Point in 1840 ; entered the 
 engineers ; was acting Professor of Engineering at 
 West Point in 1841 and 1843 ; resigned in 1845 ; was 
 Cliief Engineer of the State of Louisiana from 1845 
 to 1847 ; re-entered the service as Lieutenant-Colonel 
 of Fourteenth Infantry ; was brevetted Colonel for gal- 
 lantry at Molino del Rey ; and commanded his regi- 
 ment after his Colonel was killed at Chapultepec. He 
 was Governor of Louisiana from 1853 to 185b ; was 
 made Brigadier-General in the Southern Army in 
 1861 ; commanded tlie Louisiana forces, and was 
 taken prisoner at the battle of Pea Ridge in 1863. 
 
 Herbert, Philip T, — Born in Alabama, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from California 
 from 18.55 to 1857. 
 
 Hereford, Frank. — He was born in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, July 4, 1825 ; was liberally edu- 
 cated ; studied law, and removed to California ; was 
 District Attorney of Sacramento County from 1855 to 
 October, 1857 ; settled in West Virginia; was elected 
 to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth 
 Congresses from West Virginia, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Public Lands, Militia, and Territories. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Herkimer, John, — Born in Herkimer County, 
 New York, in 1773; was for many years a Judge of 
 the Circuit Court ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1817 to 1819, and again from 
 1833 to 1835. Died at Danube, New Y'ork, June 8, 
 1845. 
 
 Hernandez, Joseph M. — He was one of the 
 
 prominent Spanish citizens who remained in the Ter- 
 ritory of Florida at the time of its transfer to the 
 United States. He was the first Delegate to Congress 
 
 from Florida, and subsequently a leading member and 
 presiding officer of the Territorial Legislature. At 
 the breaking out of the Indian hostilities, he was 
 made a Brigadier-General in the United States service. 
 He was a man of refined and elegant manners ; re- 
 sided at St. Augustine ; and died near Matanzas, 
 Cuba, June 8, 1857, at an advanced age. 
 
 Herndon, William Leivis. — Born in Feeder- 
 icksburg, Virginia, October 35, 1813 ; entered the 
 navy at the age of fifteen ; took part in the Mexican 
 War ; was an assistant at the National Observatory as 
 an assistant to his brother-in-law, M. F. Maury ; in 1851 
 he was sent by the Government to explore the Ama- 
 zon River, of which an account was published in 
 1853 ; and he was lost at sea by the sinking of the 
 Steamer Central America, on her way from Cuba to 
 New York, September 13, 1857. 
 
 Herndon, William S, — He was born in Rome, 
 Georgia, November 27, 1837 ; removed with his 
 father to Texas, in 18.53 ; educated at McKenzie Col- 
 lege, Texas ; studied law, and began to practice in 
 1860 ; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, and 
 remained until the clo.se of the war; resumed the 
 practice of the law in Smith Countj' ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committees of Agriculture and Public 
 Lands. 
 
 Herod, William, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Herrick, Anson, — He was born in Lewiston, 
 Maine, January 31, 1813 ; received a common-.school 
 education ; at the age of fifteen years he was api)ren- 
 ticed to the business of a printer ; settled in New 
 York City in 1836. and continued in the same employ- 
 ment until 1838, when he commenced the publication 
 of a weekly journal now called the New York Alias, 
 of which he has since been the editor and proprietor. 
 In 1853 he was chosen one of the Aldermen of the 
 City, and served thi-ee years ; and by President Bu- 
 chanan he was appointed Naval Storekeeper for New 
 York, which he held until 1861. In 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Thir- 
 ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Revolutionary Pensions, and Expenditures in the 
 Navy Department. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866 ; 
 and died in New York, February 6, 1868. Ebenezer 
 Herrick, who served in Congress from 1831 to 1827, 
 was his father. 
 
 Herrick, Ebenezer, — He was born in Lincoln 
 County, Maine, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Maine from 1821 to 1837, and died at Lewiston, 
 in that State, May 7, 1839. In 1820 he held the office 
 of Secretary of the State Senate, and was a State 
 Senator in 1828 and 1839. 
 
 Herrick, Joshua, — He was born in Beverly, 
 Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1794 ; received a 
 common-school education ; removed to Maine, and be- 
 came a Sheriff in that State ; was Deputy Collector 
 of tlie port of Kennebunk from 1839 to 1841 ; was 
 Chairman of a Board of County Commissioners from 
 1843 to 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Maine, from 1843 to 1845, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Naval Affairs and Accounts. He was 
 again Deputy Collector of Kennebunk from 1847 to 
 1849, and from 1850 to 1854; and in 18.56 he was 
 Register of Probate for I'ork County, State of Maine. 
 
 Herrick, Richard J".— Born in Rensselaer 
 County, New York, in 1791 ; was a man of remark- 
 able business enterprise ; and a member of Congress 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALl 
 
 201 
 
 from New York, from 1845 to the time of his death , 
 which occurred at Washington, June 23, 1846. 
 
 Serrich, Samuel, — He was born in Dutchess 
 County, New York, April 14, 1779. He read law at 
 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1805 ; in 1810 he settled at Zanesville, Ohio, and 
 was appointed Collector of Taxes for that County ; 
 soon afterwards Prosecuting Attorney for the same 
 county; and soon after that, by President Madison, 
 was appointed United States District Attorney for 
 Ohio ; in 1813 he was appointed one of a Board of 
 Commissioners for settling the North-western bound- 
 ary line ; in the autumn of that year he succeeded 
 Lewis Cass as Prosecuting Attorney for Muskingum 
 County ; in 1814 he was appointed to the same office 
 in Licking County ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1831. After his 
 first election his seat was contested by Charles Ham- 
 mond, but the House sustained his claim. He was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1838, and in 1839 was ap- 
 pointed by President Jackson United States District 
 Attorney for Ohio. The remainder of his life was 
 spent in retirement, and he died in December, 1851. 
 
 Hei'ving, Elbert. — Even if this man had not 
 served his country faithfully as a jurist, the fact that 
 his life was coeval mth the century to which this 
 book is devoted would give him a place therein. He 
 was born in Connecticut, July 8, 1777 ; received an 
 academical education at the Greenfield Academy ; 
 and in his fourteenth year he entered Princeton Col- 
 lege, where he graduated in 1795. He studied law 
 with Samuel Jones of New York, and not only prac- 
 ticed with success, but was for many years an hon- 
 ored Judge of what was called the Marine Court ; and 
 as an evidence of his high position and character it 
 may be stated that he was selected to deliver the 
 funeral orations on the death of George Clinton, as 
 well as De Witt Clinton, mth both of whom he was 
 on intimate terras. On his ninety-ninth birthday, a 
 large number of distinguished people called to pay 
 their respects to him at his residence, and he greatly 
 edified them with his convei'sation about the olden 
 times. At his suggestion, a brief religious service 
 was held under his roof, when the 71st and 91st 
 Psalms were read, appropriate prayers offered, and 
 Addison's famous Hymn on the Mercies of God 
 was sung, and the company separated. At that time, 
 Mr. Herring was considered the oldest living lawyer 
 in the world. It was one of his sons who invented 
 an iron safe, which acquired celebrity and brought 
 him a fortune. 
 
 Hersei/, Samuel F. — Born in Sumner, Maine, 
 April 13, 1813 ; received an academic education ; was 
 a merchant, and engaged in banking, and largely in- 
 terested in the lumber business in Maine, Minnesota, 
 and Wisconsin ; was a member of the Legislature 
 of Maine in 1843, 1857, 1865, 1867, and 1869, and of 
 the Executive Council in 1851 and 1853 ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the National Republican Convention at Chi- 
 cago in 1860 ; also at Baltimore in 1864 ; and was 
 a member of the National Republican Committee 
 from 1864 to 1868, and was elected to the Forty-third 
 and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on important 
 Committees. He died at Bangor, February 3, 1875. 
 
 Hewes, -Joseph. — He was born near Kingston, 
 New Jersey, in 1730 ; was educated at the Princeton 
 School ; settled in Philadelphia as a merchant ; when 
 thirty years of age located at Edenton, North Caro- 
 lina ; served in the Assembly of the Province ; was a 
 Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1774 to 1777, and again in 1779, and signed 
 the Declaration of Independence ; and he was de, facto 
 the first Secretary of the Navy. Died in Philadelphia, 
 November 10, 1779. 
 
 Hewitt, Abram Sferens. — Born in Rockland 
 County, New York, July 30, 1823 ; attended the com- 
 mon schools of this city ; on competition gained a 
 scholarship in Columbia College, whence he gradu- 
 ated in 1843 ; was for a time tutor of mathematics ; 
 studied law and came to the bar in 1845 ; on account 
 of impaired vision gave up the profession ; in connec- 
 tion with Peter Cooper engaged in the manufacture of 
 iron ; in connection with Edward Cooper, his brother- 
 in-law, established extensive steel and iron works in 
 New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and was a Scientific 
 Commissioner to the Paris Exposition in 1867. Dur- 
 ing the Rebellion in 1863 he was sent to England on a 
 confidential mission to learn the process of making 
 gun-barrel iron ; at a heavy loss to his firm furnished 
 the Government with much war material ; in 1859 he 
 organized the Cooper Union for the Advancement of 
 Science and Art, which has been eminently .success- 
 ful ; was somewhat active in politics, and Chairman 
 of the Democratic General Committee of the City of 
 New York ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hewitt, C, C. — He was born in New York, and 
 having emigrated to Washington Territory, was ap- 
 pointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for 
 that district, residing at Vancouver. 
 
 Hewitt, Goldsmith Jf. — Born in Jefferson 
 County, Alabama, February 14, 1834 ; received an 
 academic education, studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1856 ; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, 
 and was wounded in the battle of Chickamauga in 
 1868 ; in 1870 was elected to the State Legislature ; 
 in 1873 was made State Senator, and served two ses- 
 sions, but resigned in 1874 to accept the nomination as 
 Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress, and was elected to tliat position. 
 
 Hei/ward, Thomas, — Born in the Parish of St. 
 Luke, South Carolina, in 1746 ; received a classical 
 education, and studied law; finishing his legal stud- 
 ies at the Temple, in London ; on his return from a 
 tour in Europe he was elected to the Assembly in 
 North Carolina ; he was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1776 to 1798, and signed the Declara- 
 tion of Independence and the Articles of Confedera- 
 tion ; was subsequently a Judge of the Civil and 
 Criminal Courts of the State ; he commanded a 
 company of artillery at the battle of Beaufort, 
 and was wounded ; served also at Savannah and 
 Charleston ; at the latter place he was taken prisoner, 
 and while confined at St, Augustine his property was 
 pillaged and his wife died ; he was subsequently a 
 member of the Convention that formed the Constitu- 
 tion of South Carolina in 1790. He died in March, 
 1809. 
 
 Hei/ward, William, ,Tr. — He graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1808 ; and was a Representative 
 In Congress from Maryland from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Hibbard, Elleri/ A. — Was born in St. Johns- 
 bury, Vermont, July 31, 1836 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied and practiced law ; was Clerk of 
 the State House of Representatives in 1853, 1853, and 
 1854 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1865 
 and 1866, and elected to the Forty-second Congress ; 
 at the close of his term in Congress, he was appointed 
 a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 
 and served as such until 1874 ; he declined a new ap- 
 pointment under the revised Judiciary system, prefer- 
 ring to follow his profession. 
 
 Hibbard, Harri/. — He was born in Vermont ; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was Assist- 
 ant Clerk of the New Hampshire House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1839 ; Clerk of the same from 1840 to 
 
202 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1843 ; Speaker of the House in 1844 and 1845 ; in the 
 State Senate from 1846 to 1849, officiating two years 
 as President ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New Hampshire from 1849 to 1855. Died at 
 Somer^ville, July 27, 1873. 
 
 Hibshman, tfacob. — He was born in Lancas- 
 ter, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 Ilicket/, Thomas 31. — He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and liberally educated ; long engaged in the 
 practice of law ; and was for a considerable time a 
 leading Circuit Judge of Kentucky. Died at Lexing- 
 ton, December 29, 1843. 
 
 Hichnian, .John. — Born in Chester County, 
 Pennsylvania, near the Brandywine battle-ground, 
 September 11, 1810 ; received a thorough mathemati- 
 cal and classical education ; commenced the study of 
 medicine ; but finding his health too feeble for' the 
 dissecting-room, he studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1833 ; he was a Delegate to the Democratic 
 Baltimore Convention of 1844; in 1845 he was ap- 
 pointed District Attorney for Chester County, holding 
 the office fifteen months ; in 1854 he was elected 
 a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
 tions ; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 as Chainiian of the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions ; to the Thirty -sixth Congress, and was 
 Chairman of the Judiciary Committee ; and to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman 
 of the Judiciary Committee. He declined a re-elec- 
 tion to the Thirty-eiglith Congress, but was subse- 
 quently, in 1867, a member of the Pennsylvania Legis- 
 lature. Died at Westchester, March 23, 1875. 
 
 Hicks, Thomas Holli/dai/.—He was born in 
 
 Dorchester County, Maryland, September 3, 1798 ; 
 received a plain English education ; worked on his 
 father's farm when a boy ; served for a time as 
 Constable and Sheriff of his County, and subse- 
 quently devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. 
 In 1836 he was elected to the Electoral College of 
 the State ; was also a member of the Governor's 
 Council ; in 1838 was appointed Register of Wills ; 
 was a member of the " State Constitutional Con- 
 vention" of 1849 ; frequently served in the Legisla- 
 ture of the State ; was Governor thereof from 1858 to 
 1862 ; and was appointed a Senator in Congress in the 
 place of James A. Pearce, deceased, taking his seat 
 during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, and was elected for the term ending in 1867, 
 serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and that 
 on Claims. He died in Washington City, February 
 13, 1865, and will ever be remembered as a true patriot 
 for his firmness during the earlier troubles of the Re- 
 bellion. 
 
 Hi ester, Isaac Elfmaker,—He was born in 
 Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; received a good 
 classical education ; graduated with honors at Yale 
 College, and studied law. He was a member of the 
 Thirty-third Congress, in which he expressed opinions 
 upon the slavery question not in harmony with those 
 of his constituency. At the next election he was de- 
 feated, and resumed the practice of law with distin- 
 guished success. He was the son of William Heister, 
 M. C, but changed the spelling of his name. Died at 
 Lancaster, February 6, 1871. 
 
 Hiffby, jyHliam. — Was bom in Essex County, 
 New York, August 18, 1813 ; spent his boyhood on a 
 farm, and subsequently engaged in the lumber and 
 iron business ; graduated at the University of Ver- 
 mont in 1840 ; adopted the profession of law, which 
 he practiced in his native county untU 1850 ; during 
 
 that year he emigrated to California, and was District 
 Attorney of Calaveras County from 1853 to 1859 ; in 
 1863 he was a member of the State Senate ; and in 
 1863 was elected a Representative from California to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Public Lands and Expenditures in the Navy 
 Department ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress. He was also a member of the Special Com- 
 mittee to visit the Indian tribes of the West in 1865, 
 and of the Committees on the Death of President 
 Lincoln and Appropriations. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Mines and Mining. 
 
 Hiffffinson, Steplien.—'Be was a Delegate from 
 Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, in 1783 
 and 1783. 
 
 Hilgard, tfulius E. — He was born in Zweibril- 
 
 chen, Germany, January 7, 1825; emigrated to the 
 United States in 1835 with his father, by whom he 
 was educated in letters and science, at his home in 
 Illinois ; studied civil engineering in Philadelphia, 
 and entered the service of the Coast Survey in 1845 ; 
 and from 1862 to 1875 had charge of that important 
 office, directing all its operations, as well as those for 
 constructing and verifying the standard weights and 
 measures of the United States. In the scientific jour- 
 nals of the country, and the Coast Survey Reports, he 
 has published many professional papers on geodesy, 
 magnetism, and the tides of the ocean. In 1863 he 
 was elected a member of the National Academy of 
 Sciences ; in 1875 he was elected President of the 
 American Association for the Advancement of Science; 
 and is a member, on the part of the United States, of 
 the Committee on International Standards. 
 
 Hill, JBenjamin H. — Born in Jasper County, 
 Georgia, in 1823 ; graduated at the L'niversity of 
 Georgia in 1844 ; studied law, and went to the bar in 
 1845 ; in 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature; 
 re-elected in 1859 ; was opposed to secession, but 
 went with his State into the Rebellion, and was 
 elected to the Confederate Senate ; and in 1875 he 
 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress, in place of Garrett McMillan. 
 
 Hill, Clement S. — Born in Kentucky, and was 
 a Rejjresentative in Congress from that State, from 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Hill, Hiif/ll Clement, — He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts, and in 1870 appointed an Assistant At- 
 torney-General of the United States. 
 
 Hill, Hugh L. W. — Born in Tennessee, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State, from 
 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Hill, Isaac. — Born in Somerville, Massachusetts, 
 April 7, 1788. In 1798 his parents removed to a farm 
 in Aishburnham, Massachusetts; his education was 
 exceedingly limited, and at the age of fourteen he 
 was ajiprenticed in a printing-office, and in 1809, at 
 the expiration of his apprenticeship, he went to 
 Concord, New Hampshire, and purchased the Ameri- 
 can Patriot, whicli was afterwards issued as The 
 New Hampshire Patriot, and became a paper of im- 
 mense circulation and influence during the twenty 
 years of his editorship. During that time he was 
 twice chosen Clerk of the State Senate ; was once a 
 Representative in the Legislature, and was elected a 
 member of the State Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and 
 1837. In 1828 he was a candidate for the United 
 States Senate, but not elected. In 1839 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Jackson Second Comptroller of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 203 
 
 the Treasury, and held the office until April, 1830. 
 He returned to New Hampshire, and was elected by 
 the Legislature United States Senator for six years, 
 from 1831. In 1836 he resigned liis Senatorship, be- 
 ing elected Governor of New Hampshire, and re- 
 elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1840 he was appointed 
 by President Van Buren Sub-Treasurer at Boston, 
 and in that year established, in connection with his 
 two olde.'^t sons, UUl's Ncic Hampshire Patriut, which 
 they published and edited until 1847, when that paper 
 was united with the Patriot. He also published the 
 Farimrs' Monthly Visitor, a.n agricultural paper, for 
 ten years ; and during the last fifteen years of his 
 life devoted much attention to agriculture. He died 
 iu Washington, District of Columbia, March 22, 1851. 
 
 Hill, tfohll. — He was born in Virginia, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Hill, John. — Born in Stokes County, North Car- 
 olina ; served many years in the Legislature of the 
 State ; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 
 to 1841 ; and iu 1850 held the position of Reading 
 Clerk in the State Senate. 
 
 Hill, John, — He was born in Catskill, New 
 York, in 1821 ; received a common-school education ; 
 was for seven years a clerk and book-keeper in his 
 native place ; removed to Boonton, Morris County, 
 New Jersey, and pursued the same business for three 
 years, and subseqitently devoted himself to mercan- 
 tile pursuits. He held, for many years, a number of 
 local and town offices, and in 1860 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature ; and, being twice re-elected, 
 was made Speaker of the Assembly ; took an active 
 part in raising troops during tlie Rebellion ; has been 
 foremost among his neighbors in promoting the moral 
 and social welfare of his fellow-citizens ; and in 
 1860 he was elected a Representative from New Jer- 
 sey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on the Post Office and Weights and Measures. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses. 
 
 Hill, Joshua, — Born in Abbeville District, 
 South Carolina, January 10, 1813 ; he had not a col- 
 legiate education, but studied law as a profession. 
 He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
 Congress from Georgia, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs. Withdrew in February, 1861, and 
 returned to Georgia. He did not take an active part 
 in the Rebellion ; and in 1866 he was appointed by 
 President Johnson Collector for the port of Savan- 
 nah ; in 1867 he was appointed a Visitor to the 
 West Point Academy, as well as a Register in 
 Bankruptcy ; in 1868 was elected a Senator in 
 Congress for the term ending in 1873. 
 
 Hill, Mark L. — He was born in Biddeford, 
 Maine, June 30, 1772. From the year 1792 to the 
 close of his life, lie had been almost constantly in the 
 exercise of some public employment, either by popu- 
 lar election or executive appointment. Though denied 
 the advantages of a liberal education, he succeeded, 
 by assiduous self-culture, in making himself useful 
 to his country and gaining honor to himself in the 
 various posts of high responsibility to which he was 
 successively elevated. He was, at various periods, a 
 member of the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of Massachusetts, a Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, member of Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1819 to 1821, and from Maine from 1821 to 1823 ; 
 Postmaster at Phippsburg, Maine, Collector of the 
 port at Bath, and lield several other town and county 
 offices. He was cue of the Overseers of Bowdoiu 
 
 College from the first until 1821, when he became a 
 Trustee, in which office he continued till his decease ; 
 and, during the whole period of forty-nine years, 
 regularly attended every meeting except one. He 
 died at Phippsburg, Maine, November 26, 1842, in 
 the seventy-first year of his age. 
 
 Hill, Hal ph. — Was born in Johnson, Trumbull 
 County, Ohio, October 12, 1827. After receiving an 
 academical education, he studied law at the New 
 York State and National Law School, and received 
 the degree of LL.D. in 1851 ; and on removing to In- 
 diana, he was elected a Representative from that 
 State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Territories and on Expenditures in 
 the Treasury Department. 
 
 Hill, HobeH Andrews. — Born in Iredell 
 County, North Carolina, March 25. 1811 ; removed 
 with his parents to Tennessee ; received a limited 
 education ; in 1833 he was elected a Constable, and 
 iu 1836 a Justice of the Peace ; having adopted the 
 profession of law, in 1847 he was elected a Circuit 
 Attorney-General, and held the office until 1854 ; soon 
 afterwards removed to Mississippi, and was made a 
 Judge of Probate ; during the war he did what he 
 could to help both sides in the way of kindness and 
 charity ; was a Delegate to tlie State Convention of 
 1865 ; and in 1866 was appointed United States Judge 
 for the District of Mississippi ; the duties of which 
 have hitherto been particularly arduous, though per- 
 formed with unwearied fidelity. 
 
 Hill, Thomas. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1824 to 1826. 
 
 Hill, niiitmell, — Born in Beitie County, North 
 Carolina, February 12. 1743 ; graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania ; was a Delegate to the Con- 
 gresses at Hillsborough and Halifax in 1775 and 
 1776; was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Coventry Mili- 
 tia, and Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 1778 to 1781. He was frequently a member of the 
 House and Senate of North Carolina previous to 
 1785. Died at Hill's Ferry, Martin County, North 
 Carolina, September 26, 1797. 
 
 Hill, William H. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Nortli Carolina from 1799 to 1803, and 
 he was also appointed Judge of the United States 
 District Court for the District of North Carolina. He 
 died in 1809. 
 
 Hillegas, Michael. — He was first United States 
 Treasurer. Died in Philadelphia, September, 1804, 
 aged seventy-six years. 
 
 Hillen, Solomon, Jr.— He was born in Balti- 
 more County, Maryland, in 1813 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 
 1841. He was educated at the Georgetown College ; 
 studied law ; served in the Maryland Legislature in 
 1834 and 1838 ; elected Mayor of Baltimore in 1842, 
 for an unexpired term ; and was re-elected for two 
 years ; but resigned on account of bis health, and de- 
 voted himself to agricultural pursuits. 
 
 Hillhouse, James. — He was born at Moiitville, 
 Connecticut, October 21, 1754 ; graduated at Yale 
 ! College in 1773 ; after due preparation, entered upon 
 the practice of law ; took an active part iu the Re- 
 volutionary struggle, and when New Haven was in- 
 vaded by the British, was Commander of the Gover- 
 nor's Guards. He became a Representative in Con- 
 gress in 1791, and three years afterwards he was 
 chosen a Senator of the United States from Connecti- 
 cut, and continued a distinguished member for six- 
 
204 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 teen years ; and in the Sixth Congress was President 
 JMV/ tern, of the Senate. In 1810 he resigned his seat 
 in the Senate, and took the office of Commissioner of 
 the School Fund of Connecticut, which he managed 
 with great ability and fidelity for fifteen years. He 
 was also a Delegate to the " Hartford Convention " 
 of 1814 ; and in 1825 he undertook to conduct the 
 construction of the Farmington and Ham]i.shire 
 Canal. He was cliosen Treasurer of Yale College, in 
 1782, and continued to hold the office until his death, 
 having done much to promote the interests of that 
 institution. He died at New Haven, December 29, 
 1833. 
 
 Hillhouse, Willi am. — He was a Delegate from 
 Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 
 1786. 
 
 Hilliard, Henry If,— He was born in North 
 Carolina, and spent his boyhood in South Carolina, 
 at the College of which State he graduated. He 
 studied law, and settled in Georgia, but in 1836 be- 
 came a citizen of Alabama, occupying for several 
 years a professorship in the University of that State. 
 In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 in 1840 a Presidential Elector. In 1842 he was ap- 
 pointed, by President Tyler, Minister to Belgium ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 
 1843 to 1851. He was also a Regent of the Smith- 
 sonian Institution, and devoted some attention to the 
 pursuits of literature. A volume of his speeches 
 was published in 1855. 
 
 Hillyer, Edgar Winters. — Born in Granville, 
 Licking County, Ohio, December 3, 1830 ; graduated 
 at what is now called Deunison University ; went to 
 California in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1856 ; practiced the profession in Placer County 
 until 1861 ; served in the war for the Union, and rose 
 to the rank of Colonel ; in 1865 became Acting Judge 
 Advocate for the Department of the Pacific ; in 1863 
 he had command of the Camp at Los Angeles, during 
 the troubles there ; from 1864 to 1865 he was stationed 
 at Fort Yuma ; under orders from General McDowell, 
 he investigated the conduct of certain persons who 
 had exulted over the death of President Lincoln ; was 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1862 ; in 1866 he 
 was elected Attorney for Storey County, holding the 
 office until 1869, when he was appointed Judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of Nevada. 
 
 Hillyer, Junius. — He was born in Wilkes 
 County, Georgia, April 23, 1807 ; graduated at the 
 State University at Athens in 1828 ; having studied 
 his profession while in college, he was admitted to 
 the bar within one week after graduating ; in 1834 
 he was elected by the Legislature Solicitor-General 
 for the Western District of the State ; and he was a 
 Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1851 
 ■ -to 1855, during his second term serving as Chairman 
 'of the Committee on Private Land Claims. In 1857 
 he was appointed by President Buchanan Solicitor of 
 tlie United States Treasury remaining in office until 
 1861. 
 
 Hindman, Thomas C. — He was born in Ten- 
 nessee, in 1818 ; served in the Mexican War as a 
 Second Lieutenant of Mississippi Volunteers ; and 
 was a Representative from Arkansas to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress ; was re-elected to the Tliirty-seventh, 
 but when the Rebellion broke out he entered the 
 Confederate service, and was at once made a Brigadier- 
 General, and subsequently a Major-General. Was 
 living in Texas in 1865, but died at Helena, Arkan- 
 sas, October 23, 1868. 
 
 Hindman, William. — He was a Delegate 
 from Maryland to the Continental Congress ; a Repre- 
 
 sentative in Congress from 1792 to 1799 ; and a Sen- 
 ator in Congress during the years 1800 and 1801. He 
 died January 26, 1832. 
 
 Hinds, James. — He was born in Hebron, Wash- 
 ington County, New York, December5 1833 ; gradu- 
 ated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1856 ; removed 
 to Minnesota, and practiced his profession there ; was 
 District Attorney for the State until 1860; served in 
 the war for the Union as a private, after which he 
 settled at Little Rock, Arkansas; was a member of 
 the Convention which formed the present Constitu- 
 tion of the State ; was appointed a Commissioner to 
 codify the laws of the State ; and subsequently 
 elected a Representative from Arkansas to the For- 
 tieth Congress. He was a Delegate to the Chicago 
 Convention of 1868, and in October of the same year 
 was assassinated at Monroe, Arkansas, by a political 
 opponent. 
 
 Hinds, Thomas. — Born about the year 1775 ; 
 was a distinguished officer in the battle of New Or- 
 leans ; and a Representative in Congress from Mis- 
 sissippi from 1828 to 1831. He died in JefEerson 
 County, Mississippi, August 23, 1840. 
 
 Hines, Richard. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1835 to 1827. 
 
 Hinman, John. — Born in Fairf.eld, Connecti- 
 cut in 1803 ; received an academic education ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar about the year 
 1837 ; practiced in Waterbury, and became a Judge 
 of the Superior Court in 1843" ; of the Supreme Court 
 of the State in 1850 ; and Chief Justice of the same, 
 in 1861. He died in Cheshire, Connecticut, February 
 21, 1870. 
 
 Hise, Elijah, — He was born in Kentucky, July 
 4, 1802 ; appointed in 1848 Charge d'Affaires to Gua- 
 temala; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1866 
 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the 
 Thirty -ninth Congress, for the unexpired term of H. 
 Qrider, deceased, serving on the Committee on Re- 
 construction. He was re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress, but died by suicide at Russellville, Ken- 
 tucky, May 8, 1867. In personal appearance he bore 
 a remarkable resemblance to John C. Calhoun, of 
 whom he was a warm admirer. 
 
 Hitchcock, Peter. — Bom in Cheshire, Connec- 
 ticut, October 19, 1780 ; and graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1801. He was admitted to the bar in 1804, 
 and commenced the practice of law in his native 
 town. In 1806 he removed to Geauga County, Ohio, 
 and in 1810 he was elected to the General Assembly 
 of that State ; from 1813 to 1816 he was a member 
 of the State Senate, and President of that body one 
 session. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 1817 to 1819, and then chosen Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Ohio for seven years ; was re-elected to the 
 same office in 1836, and retired from the Bench in 
 1852, after a judicial service of twenty-eight years ; 
 having been for a portion of that time Chief Justice. 
 From 1833 to 1835 he was again a member of the 
 State Senate, and once again President. In 18.50 he 
 was a Delegate to the "Constitutional Convention" 
 of the State. He died in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 
 18.53. 
 
 Hitchcoch; Thineas jr.— He was bom in 
 
 New Lebanon, New York, November 30, 1831 ; 
 graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 
 1855 ; studied law, and after being admitted to the 
 bar emigrated to Nebraska Territory, and settled in 
 the practice of his profession at Omaha in 1857. In 
 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Mar- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 205 
 
 shal of the Territory, wliicli office he held until his 
 election from Nebraska, as Delegate to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress. He was a member of the National 
 Committee appointed to accompany the remains of 
 President Lincoln to Illinois. In March, 1867, he 
 was appointed Surveyor-General of Nebraska ; was 
 elected to the United States Senate for the term end- 
 ing in 1877, serving on the Committees on Territories, 
 District of Columbia, and Pacific Railroad. 
 
 IlitcJicock, Samuel. — He was a lawyer of high 
 character and a citizen of Vennont ; in 1793 he was 
 appointed by President Washington United States 
 Judge for the District of Vermont ; and in 1801 he 
 was promoted by President Adams to the Bench of 
 the Circuit Court of the United States for the Sec- 
 ond Circuit. 
 
 Hoag, Truiuatl U. — He was bom in Manlius, 
 Onondaga County, New York, April 9, 1816 ; received 
 a public-school education ; from 1833 to 1839 he was 
 clerk in a store and a canal office at Syracuse ; in 
 1842 he engaged in the steamboat business on Lake 
 Ontario ; removed to Toledo in 1848, and established 
 himself there in the transportation and produce busi- 
 ness ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Buildings. Died in \V asking- 
 ton, February 5, 1870. 
 
 Jloctffla ml, jyioses. — He was born in Ohio ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1849 to 1851; and was subsequently appointed United 
 States Judge for the Territory of Washington. 
 
 Hoar, Ebenezer Jtoclnvood. — He was born 
 in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1810, and is the son of 
 the late Samuel Hoar, and brother of George F. 
 Hoar ; graduated at Harvard University in 1835, and 
 spent two years at the Cambridge Law School ; soon 
 afterwards, he engaged in teaching school at Pitts- 
 burg and other western cities ; came to the bar in 
 1840, and commenced the practice of law in his na- 
 tive State ; was appointed a Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas, but after serving several years, re- 
 signed to resume the practice of his profession ; he 
 was for ten years a member of the Corporation of 
 Harvard College, and in 1868, was appointed an 
 overseer of that institution ; in 1859, he was elected 
 a Judge of the Supreme Court ; and on the 5th of 
 March, 1869, he entered the Cabinet of President 
 Grant as Attorney-General. In 1871 he became a 
 member of the Joint High Commission for making a 
 Treaty between England and the United States ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1873 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, declining a re-election. He 
 served on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Re- 
 vision of Laws. On the maternal side, he is a grand- 
 son of Roger Sherman. 
 
 Tloar, Georf/e Frisbie. — He is the son of 
 
 Samuel Hoar, and was bom in Concord, Massachu 
 setts, August 29, 1826 ; graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1846, and after going through a course of legal 
 studies at the Harvard Law School, he was admitted 
 to the bar in 1849, and settled at Worcester, in the 
 practice of his profession ; in 1853, he was elected a 
 Representative in the General Court ; in 1857, to the 
 State Senate ; and in 1868, he was elected a Repre 
 seutative from Massachusetts to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Education, and 
 Labor, and Revision of Laws. Re-elected to the 
 three succeeding Congresses, serving on various im^ 
 portant Committees. 
 
 Hoar, Samuel. — Born in Lincoln, Massachu 
 setts. May 18, 1788. He graduated at Cambridge in 
 1803, and was for two years thereafter a private tutor 
 
 in Virginia. He studied law with Artemas Ward, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 18U5, and opened an 
 office in Concord. He soon attained high rank, and 
 was for forty years one of the most eminent and suc- 
 cessful practitioners in Middlesex County, as well as 
 in the whole State. He was a member of the Con- 
 vention for revising the State Constitution in 1830 ; 
 State Senator in 1835 and 1833 ; member of the Ex- 
 ecutive Council in 1845 and 1846 ; State Representa- 
 tive in 1850 ; and a Representative in Congress, 
 from 1835 to 1837. In 1844 he was appointed 
 by the Legislature of Massachusetts to proceed 
 to South Carolina and aid the colored citizens 
 of Massachusetts, imprisoned by the authorities 
 of South Carolina, by testing, in the Courts of the 
 United States, the Constitutionality of the acts of 
 South Carolina authorizing the imprisonment of col- 
 ored persons who should enter that State. His ap- 
 pearance in Charleston caused great excitement, and 
 he was expelled from that city by its citizens, De- 
 cember 5, 1844, the Legislature having passed resolu- 
 tions on that day authorizing the Governor to expel 
 him. He was a member of various religious and 
 charitable societies — of the American Academy of 
 Arts and Sciences, of the Massachusetts Historical 
 Society, and, at the time of his death, one of the 
 Overseers of Harvard College, the degree of Doctor 
 of Laws having, in 1838, been conferred upon him 
 by that institution. He died in Concord, Massachu- 
 setts, November 3, 1856. 
 
 Hoard, Charles B. — Born in Springfield, Ver- 
 mont, June 38, 1805; he was a mechanic, and for 
 several years in early life a clerk in a private land 
 office in Antwerp, New York. He was Postmaster 
 under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren ; Justice of 
 the Peace for several years ; a member of the Legis- 
 lature of New York in 1838, and County Clerk of 
 JefEerson County, New Tork, in 1844, 1845, and 1846. 
 He has been an active politician, and was elected a 
 Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Expenditures in the State De- 
 partment. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Claims. 
 
 Hoban, tfames. — He was a native of Ireland, 
 and settled in Charleston, South Carolina, prior to the 
 Revolution, At the suggestion of President Wash- 
 ington, he was appointed, in 1793, the Architect to 
 erect the President's House, the Capitol, and other Pub- 
 lie Buildings in Washington, and he remained in the 
 public service for more than twenty-five years. As a 
 man and an artist he attained a high reputation. 
 
 Hobart, Aaron. — He was born in Abington, 
 Plymouth County, Massachusetts, June 20, 1787 ; 
 graduated at Brown University in 1805 ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; served in the State Senate ; was a 
 State Councillor ; was Judge of Probate ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1831 to 1837. Died at East Bridgewater, September 
 19, 1858. 
 
 Hobart, .John Sloss. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1757 ; was Judge of the District Court of 
 New York, and held several important positions in 
 that State during the Revolutionary war; after 
 which he was appointed one of the three Judges of 
 the Supreme Court. He was a member of the United 
 States Senate from February to April, 1798, in the 
 place of P. Schuyler, but resigned, and was then ap- 
 pointed Judge of the United States District Court of 
 New York. He died February 4, 1805, aged sixty- 
 
 Hobbie, Selali R. — Born in Newburg, New York, 
 March 10, 1797, and at an early day established him- 
 
206 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 self at Delhi, Delaware County, in the practice of law, 
 where he was soon appointed District Attorney and 
 Brigade Major and Inspector. He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1827 to 182i), 
 when, on the accession of General Jackson to the 
 Presidency, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster- 
 General, which he held until 1850, when he retired 
 on account of ill-health, but assumed the duties of 
 the office under President Pierce. He died in Wash- 
 ington, District of Columbia, March 23, 1834. He 
 was the son-in-law, and at one time the law partner, 
 of Erastus Root. 
 
 Hodfjci, Asa. — He was born January 23, 1823 ; 
 removed to Arkansas in 1859 ; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1840, and continued to practice until 1860 ; was, 
 in 1866, a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention 
 under the reconstruction acts of Congress ; elected in 
 1868 a Representative in the General Assembly ; 
 elected in 1870 a member of the State Senate ; and 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress from Arkansas. 
 
 Hodf/efi, Clmrlcs D. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Illinois, and took his seat 
 during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 
 Iloitf/es, George T. — He was born in Clarendon, 
 A'ermont, July 4, 1789 ; he was bred to active business, 
 and was a merchant in Rutland for many years ; 
 served frequently in both Houses of the State Legis- 
 lature ; was a Representative in Congress from Ver- 
 mont, during the third session of the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress. For more than a quarter of a century he 
 was President of the Bank of Rutland ; was a large 
 contributor to the success of the Burlington Railroad, 
 and a warm supporter of the Vermont Agricultural 
 Society. Died at Rutland, September 9, 1860. 
 
 Jlodf/es, James L. — ^He was a State Senator in 
 1833 and 1824, and a Representative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1827 to 1881. He died March 8, 
 1846, aged fifty-six years. 
 
 Hodges, S. H. — He was bom in Vermont ; re- 
 moved to Washington, and in 1853 he was appointed 
 Commissioner of the Patent Office, which he resigned 
 in 1853 ; and in 1861 he was appointed Examiner-in- 
 Chief in the Patent Office, where he remained until 
 his death, which occurred April 20, 1875. 
 
 Hoffman, Henry W. — He was bom in Mary- 
 land, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently elected 
 Sergeant-atanns in the House of Representatives, 
 and in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln, 
 Collector of the Port of Baltimore. 
 
 Hoffman,, John T, — He was bom at Sing Sing, 
 New York, January 10, 1828 ; graduated at Union 
 College in 1846 ; admitted to the bar January, 1849 ; 
 acquired an extensive practice in New York City ; 
 connected himself with Tammany Hall in 1854 ; was 
 elected Recorder of the city in 1860 and 1863 ; ren- 
 dering himself conspicuous for his severity to the 
 rioters of July, 1863 ; was elected Mayor in 1865, and 
 re-elected in 1867 ; was democratic candidate for Gov- 
 ernor in 1860, but defeated by Fenton ; was chosen 
 Governor in 1869 serving till 1872. 
 
 Hoffman, Michael, — Bora in the town of Clif- 
 ton Park, Saratoga County, New York, in 1788. He 
 was educated as a physician, but afterwards studied 
 law and settled in Herkimer County, where he occu- 
 pied a high position. He was elected to Congress in 
 1824, and continued a member for eight years, serv- 
 ing a portion of the time as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed a Canal Com- 
 missioner for the State of New York, wrote several 
 
 able reports, and resigned the office in 1835. In 1841 
 he went into the House of Assembly from Herkimer 
 County, and accomplished much good for the service 
 and credit of his State. He was also a Delegate to 
 the " Constitutional Convention " of 1846, and was 
 Naval Officer in the City of New York ; he was a pow- 
 erful and effective debater, and as a man, unselfish 
 and high of character. He died atBrookljTi, Septem- 
 ber 27, 1848. 
 
 Hoffman, Ogden. — He was bom in New York 
 City in 1794, and graduated at Columbia College in 
 1812 ; he soon after entered the navy as a midshipman, 
 but in three years he resigned, and studied law. He 
 commenced to practice in Orange County, and was 
 appointed District Attorney, but removed to New 
 York City in 1836 ; was partner of Hugh Maxwell, 
 and became eminently successful in his profession. 
 In 1828 he was a Representative in the Legislature ; 
 from 1829 to 1835 was District Attorney ; and was ap- 
 pointed United States District Attorney by President 
 Harrison. From 1837 to 1841 he was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress, and was a member of the Committee 
 on Foreign Affairs : he was re-elected in 1848, and in 
 1854 was appointed Attorney-General of the State. 
 He was remarkable for his eloquence and learning, 
 and for more than a quarter of a century, occupied a 
 high position at the bar of New York. He died iu 
 that city. May 1, 1856. 
 
 Hoff'man, Off den. — He was bom in New York, 
 and son of the eminent lawyer bearing the same name ; 
 adopted the profession of law and was an early emi- 
 grant to California, settling at San Francisco ; and in 
 1851 he was appointed United States District Judge 
 for the District of California, in which position he re- 
 mained as late as 1875. 
 
 Hogan, .Tohn. — Bom in Mallow, County of Cork, 
 Ireland, January 2, 1805 ; emigrated to Baltimore, 
 Maryland, with his father in 1817. In that city he 
 was apprenticed to the trade of a shoemaker, and dur- 
 ing his term of service did what he could to obtain an 
 education, and was an attendant at the Asbury Sun- 
 day School. In 1826 he emigrated to the West ; in 
 1831 opened a store in Madison County, Illinois ; in 
 1836 was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1838 he 
 was elected by the Legislature Commissioner of the 
 Board of Public Works ; re-elected and made Presi- 
 dent of the Board ; in 1841 he was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Harrison Register of the Land Office at Dixon, 
 Illinois, where he remained until 1845 : soon after- 
 wards settled in St. Louis, Missouri, resuming the 
 mercantile business ; became engaged with insurance 
 companies ; organized and was President of a savings 
 institution and a bank ; in 1857 was appointed, by 
 President Buchanan. Postmaster of St. Louis, serving 
 his whole tenn ; and in 1864 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Ways and Means and 
 the Special Committee on Civil Service. He is the 
 author of two publications, on the " Resources of 
 Missouri," and on the " Commerce and Manufactures 
 of St. Louis." He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Hogan, William. — He was born in 1792 ; when 
 quite young he went with his father to the Cape of 
 Good Hope, then a Dutch colony, where he acquired 
 the Dutch language ; returned to America and grad- 
 uated at Columbia College ; studied law, but having 
 purchased land in Black River Country, New York, 
 settled in that region: as a pioneer he did much to 
 I develop the country, and a tliriving town on the St. 
 Lawrence received the name of Hogansport. He 
 was for many years a County Judge, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1831 to 1833. In 1850 
 he became an Examiner of Claims in the Department 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 207 
 
 of State, wliich position was soon exchanged for Uiat 
 of Translator, his studies, while traveling in Europe, 
 having long before made him a thorough scholar in 
 the languages of Europe, and he remained in that 
 position until 1869. 
 
 Hoge, John. — He was born near Carlisle, Cum- 
 berland Count)', Pennsylvania, September 10, 1760 ; 
 received the greater part of his education from a pri- 
 vate tutor ; he entered the army of the Revolution in 
 1776, and was made Ensign of the Ninth Pennsylva- 
 nia Regiment. In 1782 he emigrated to the western 
 part of the State, and with his brother William, 
 founded the town of Washington. In 1789 he was a 
 Delegate to the Convention which formed the State 
 Constitution ; from 1790 to 1795 he served in the 
 State Senate ; in 1799 he was chosen a member of 
 the " American Philosophical Society," and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1804 
 and 1805 for the unexpired terra of his brother, Wil- 
 liam Hoge. He was a man of culture and literary 
 tastes, and died near Washington, Pennsylvania, 
 August 4, 1824. 
 
 Hoge, 'Joseph P. — He was born in Ohio ; and, 
 having removed to Illinois, was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Hoge, Solomon L. — He was born in Logan 
 County, Ohio; received a liberal education; gradu- 
 ated at the Cincinnati Law College in 18.59 ; prac- 
 ticed at Bellefontaine until 1861 ; entered the army 
 as First Lieutenant in the infantry ; promoted to a 
 Captaincy ; severely wounded at the second battle of 
 Bull Run; was twice brevetted for gallant conduct 
 in battle, and at the close of the war received a com- 
 mission in the Regular Army ; he materially aided in 
 'the reconstruction of South Carolina ; and was elected 
 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the State 
 by the General Assembly ; he was elected to the For- 
 ty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth. 
 
 Hoge, William, — He was born in Cumberland 
 
 County, Pennsylvania, but in 1782 he settled in the 
 western part of the State, and participated, with his 
 brother John, in founding the town of Washington. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1801 to 1804, when he resigned, and 
 again from 1807 to 1809. Died on his estate in the 
 town of Washington. 
 
 Hogeboom, James L. — He was a member of 
 the New York "Constitutional Convention" of 1821, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1823 to 1825. 
 
 Hogg, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 HolbrooU, E. D. — He was born in Elyria, Lo- 
 rain County, Oliio, in 1836 ; received a common- 
 school education ; studied and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; and, liaving emigrated to Idaho, was 
 elected a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, and re-elected to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Holhrooll, Frederich. — He was born in East 
 Windsor, Connecticut, in 1813 ; and was Governor of 
 Vermont from 1861 to 1863. 
 
 Holcomh, George. — He was bom in Lamberts- 
 ville, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 1786 ; gradu- 
 ated at Princeton College in 1805 ; adopted the medi- 
 cal profession, and practiced it with success in Allen- 
 town ; was a member of the State Legislature in 
 1815 ; received from the University of Maryland the 
 degree of M.D. ; was a Representative in Congress 
 
 from New Jersey, from 1821 to 1828 ; and died at Al- 
 lento^Ti, January 14, 1828. 
 
 Holden, Edward Siiigfefon, — He was born 
 in St. Louis, Missouri, November 5, 1846 ; and gradu- 
 ated at Washington University, St. Louis, in 1866 ; 
 also at the United States Military Academy in 
 1870, from which he was promoted to be Second 
 Lieutenant Fourth United States Artillery ; served 
 in garrison at Fort Johnson, North Carolina, from 
 October, 1870, to August, 1871 ; served at West 
 Point as Assistant Professor of Natural and Experi- 
 mental Philosophy, until June, 1872. Appointed 
 Second Lieutenant United States Engineer Corps, 
 March, 1872 ; served as Assistant Instructor in Practi- 
 cal Military Engineering, until March, 1873, when he 
 resigned his position in the army, and was appointed 
 Professor of Mathematics in the United States Navy, 
 since which time he has been on duty at the National 
 Observatory. 
 
 Holden, William W. — He was for many years 
 connected with the press of North Carolina, especially 
 the Buh iijlt Rrr/istir. and noted as a politician ; was 
 Provisional Governor of the State in 1865 ; elected 
 Governor in 1869, but he was impeached for malfeas- 
 ance in office, and in April, 1872, he was removed from 
 the governorship by a two-thirds vote of the Senate 
 of North Carolina sitting as a Court of Impeachment. 
 
 Holladai/, Alexander H. — He was bom in 
 
 Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was Chairman, 
 during his first term, of the Committee on Expendi- 
 tures in the Navy Department. 
 
 Holland, Cornelius.— Bom July 9, 1782 ; es- 
 tablished himself as a physician at Canton, Maine ; 
 was a member of the Maine " Constitutional Conven- 
 tion" of 1819 ; a member of the State Legislature in 
 1820 and 1821 ; and a State Senator in 1822, 1825, and 
 1826. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Maine, from 1830 to 1833, serving on the Committee 
 on Elections, as well as the Committee on Represen- 
 tation under the Fifth Census. 
 
 Holland, .Tames, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1797, and 
 again from 1801 to 1811. 
 
 Holleman, .Joel. — Born in the County of Isle of 
 Wight, Virginia, October 1, 1799 ; was educated at 
 Chapel Hill, North Carolina ; taught school for some 
 years, and then studied law, in the practice of which 
 he was successful ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, from 1839 to 1840, when he 
 resigned, " because he could not represent the feelings 
 and wishes of a majority of his constituents." He was 
 subsequently in the State Legislature for several 
 years, and Speaker of the House when he died, Au- 
 gust, 1844. 
 
 Holleg, Alexander H, — He was a native of 
 Connecticut ; received a good education ; and was 
 Governor of his native State for one year, beginning 
 with 1857. 
 
 Holleg, John, 31, — He was bom in Salisbury, 
 Connecticut, in November, 1802 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1822 ; removed to New York and came to 
 the bar in 1825 ; was a member of the New York 
 Assembly from 1838 to 1841 ; and elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 
 1848. He died at Jacksonville, Florida, March 8, 
 1848, before the expiration of his term. 
 
 Hollister, Gideon H. — He was a citizen of 
 Connecticut ; and in 1868 he was Consul -General and 
 
208 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Minister Resident to Hayti, where he remained until to practice in 1830. He was a Representative in 
 1869, when he returned to the United States. Congress from New York from 1845 to 1849. 
 
 Hollistev, Madison E, — Bom in Cayuga 
 County, New Yorlc, in 1808 ; received a common- 
 school education while working on his father's farm ; 
 studied law, and settled in Illinois in 1836 ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1848 ; in 1855 he was elected 
 Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of the State, 
 continuing in tlie ofBce until 1866 ; in that year he 
 was appointed Consul to Buenos Ayres, where he re- 
 mained until 1809, and then resumed his profession ; 
 and, in 1861 he was, without solicitation, apjjointed 
 Associate-Justice of the United States Territorial 
 Court of Idaho, and was soon afterwards made Chief 
 Justice, in which position he still continues. 
 
 Holloway , David P. — Born in Waynesville, 
 Warren County, Ohio, December 6, 1809, but re- 
 moved with his parents to Cincinnati in 1813. In 
 1823 he went to Richmond, Indiana, and learned the 
 printing business, and subsequently served four 
 years in ihe office of the Cincinnnti Gazette. He com- 
 menced the publication of the Richmond Palladium 
 in 1832, editing it for many years. In 1843 he was 
 elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature 
 of Indiana, and in 1844 to the State Senate, serving 
 nine years. In 1855 he was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from Indiana, and was Chairman of the 
 Committee on Agriculture during that term. He was 
 eight years President of the Agricultural Society 
 of Wayne County. In 1861 he was appointed, by 
 President Lincoln, Commissioner of Patents. 
 
 HoU.fj, Charles F. — He was appointed a Judge 
 of the United States Court for the Territory of Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 Ilolman, Jesse Zi. — He was a citizen of 
 Indiana, and resided at Lawrenceburg ; and about the 
 year 1836 he was appointed United States Judge for 
 the District of Indiana. 
 
 Holman, William S. — Born in Verdstown, 
 Indiana, September 6, 1822 ; received a good 
 English education at common schools ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; was a member of the Convention 
 to revise the Constitution of Indiana in 1850 ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature in 1851 ; was a 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1852 to 
 1856 ; and was elected a Representative from Indiana 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member on 
 the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Claims ; and he was also re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, ser\'ing on the same Com- 
 mittee. Ke-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Enrolled Bills and Claims. Re- 
 elected to the four succeeding Congresses, making a 
 total service of sixteen years, during which time he 
 served upon nearly all the important Committees. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Jlolines, David. — He was a native of Virginia ; 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1797 to 1809 ; in the latter year, he was appointed 
 Governor of the Territory of Mississippi, which posi- 
 tion he held until 1817 ; he was Governor of the 
 State, by election, from 1817 to 1819 ; and he was a 
 Senator in Congress from Mississippi from 1820 to 
 1825, when he resigned ; and he died August 20, 
 1832. 
 
 Holmes, Elias D, — Born in Fletcher, Vermont, 
 May 27, 1807. He commenced life as a teacher, and 
 at the age of twenty emigrated to Monroe County, 
 New York, where he studied law, and was admitted 
 
 Holmes, Gabriel. — Bom in Sampson County, 
 North Carolina ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from North Carolina from 1825 to 1829. Educated at 
 Harvard University, and was a lawyer by profession. 
 He was in the State Senate in 1807, and Governor of 
 the State in 1821. He died September 26, 1829, in 
 Sampson County, North Carolina, aged sixty-five 
 years. 
 
 Holmes, Isaac E. — Bom in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, April 5, 1786 ; educated at the best schools 
 of his native city, and graduated with honors at Yale 
 College in 1815 ; he studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1818, in Charleston. He was one of the 
 originators of the " South Carolina Association ; " and 
 was elected to the State Legislature in 1826. For a 
 time he devoted himself to planting, but his most 
 distinguished public service was as a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina from 1839 to 1851, 
 during which period he served with ability at the 
 head of the Committees of Commerce and the Navy, 
 and also of that on Foreign Affairs. He subsequently 
 took up his residence in California ; but, having 
 returned to his native State, died in Charleston, Feb- 
 ruary 25, 1867. 
 
 Holmes, Johu. — He was born on Cape Cod in 
 March, 1773 ; graduated at Brown University in 1796 ; 
 studied law, and commenced the practice in Alfred, 
 Maine, in 1799 ; was a member of the Massachusetts 
 Legislature in 1802, 1803, and 1812 ; and State Sena- 
 tor from 1813 to 1817 ; was a Boundary Commissioner 
 under the Treaty of 1815 ; was a member of the Con- 
 vention to form the Constitution of Maine, and 
 Chairman of the Committee that drafted the document 
 in 1820 ; having been a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1820 ; and he was a 
 Senator in Congress from Maine from 1820 to 1827, 
 and from 1829 to 1833. For a part of 1829, and from 
 1835 to 1838, he was a member of the Maine Legisla- 
 ture ; and he was United States District Attorney, 
 Tinrl inlr- Dirtrirt ihiilcn for Maine from 1841 till his 
 death, which occurred at Portland, July 7, 1843. He 
 was a prominent member of the bar for forty years, 
 and distinguished for his eloquence and wit. 
 
 Holmes, Sidneif T. — He was born in Schaghti- 
 coke, Rensselaer County, New York, in August, 1815 ; 
 settled with his father in Morrisville, Madison 
 County, in 1819, where he always resided ; received 
 au academical education ; studied law ; and came to 
 the bar in 1841, prior to which date he spent five 
 years as a civil engineer ; was twice appointed Loan 
 Commissioner for Madison County, in 1848 and 1850 ; 
 in 1851 was elected Judge and Surrogate for the same 
 county, and re-elected in 1855 and 1859, serving until 
 1864,-^altogether a period of twelve years. In 1864 
 he was elected a Representative from New York, to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Public Lands and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Holmes, Uriel. — He graduated at Yale College 
 in 1784, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Connecticut from 1817 to 1818, when he resigned. He 
 died in 1827. 
 
 Holsey, Hopkins. — He was bom in Virginia in 
 1799, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Georgia from 1837 to 1839. He subsequently edited 
 the Athens Banner, and filled a large space in the 
 politics of Georgia. Died in Columbus, Georgia, 
 March 31, 1859. 
 
 Holt, Joseph. — Bom in Breckenridge County, 
 Kentucky, January 6, 1807 ; was educated at the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 209 
 
 St. Joseph and Centre Colleges of that State ; studied 
 law ; came to the bar in 1828, and settled in Louis- 
 ville. For two years he was Attorney for the Com- 
 monwealth ; was a visitor to West Point iu 1835, ap- 
 pointed by President Jaclison ; a Delegate to the 
 "Baltimore Convention " of that year, in which he 
 vindicated R. M. Johnson from certain political im- 
 putations made against him ; from 1835 to 1840 he 
 resided in Mississippi, practicing his profession, when 
 he returned to Louisville ; from 1848 to 1851 he 
 traveled in Europe and the East, going up the Nile 
 and visiting Jerusalem. In 1857 he settled in Wash- 
 ington City, and was soon afterwards appointed by 
 President Buchanan Commissioner of Patents ; in 
 1859 he went into the Cabinet as Postmaster-General ; 
 in 1860 he was placed ad interim at the head of the 
 War Department, and subsequently confirmed as 
 Secretary ; in 1861 he was a Commissioner for adjust- 
 ing the war claims of Missouri ; early in 1863 he was 
 a Commissioner on Ordnance ; in the latter part of 
 year he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge 
 Advocate General ; and in 1864 he was placed at the 
 head of the Bureau of Military Justice. In Novem- 
 ber, 1864, President Lincoln invited him into the 
 Caljinet as Attorney-General, which he declined. On 
 the first of December, 1875, he was retired at his own 
 request, and a successor was appointed. 
 
 Jlolf, J. J. — He was the brother of Joseph Holt, 
 a lawyer by profession ; was at one time Justice of 
 the Tenth District Court of Texas ; and died at La- 
 vaca, Texas, March 1, 1868. 
 
 Solf, Orrin, — He was bom in Connecticut, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State in 
 
 1836 to fill an unexpired term, and from 1837 to 
 1839. 
 
 Molten, Satnuel. — ^Born in Danvers, Massachu- 
 setts, June 9, 1738, and was bred a physician. Dur- 
 ing the Revolution he zealously espoused the cause 
 of his country, and was a member of the old Congress, 
 from 1778 to 1787, officiating at one time as its Presi- 
 dent ; and he also signed the Articles of Confedera- 
 tion. He was a Representative, under the Constitu- 
 tion, from 1793 to 1795 ; and spent the closing years 
 of his life as Judge of Probate for Essex County. 
 Died January 3, 1816. 
 
 ITooJc, Ell OS, — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Hooker, diaries E. — Born in Mississippi ; re- 
 ceived a good education ; adopted the profession of 
 law, and acquired reputation as an orator ; entered 
 the Confederate Army during the Reljellion as Cap 
 tain of Artillery, lost an arm at the siege of Vicks- 
 burg, and was promoted to the rank of Colonel ; in 
 1875 he was elected a Representative from Mississippi 
 to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hooks, Charles.— Bora in Bertie County, North 
 Carolina ; served for many years in the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and was a Representative iu Congress during 
 the years 1816 and 1817, and from 1819 to 1823. He 
 subsequently removed to Alabama, where he died in 
 1851. 
 
 Hooper, John W, — He was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; from 1833 to 1836 he was Judge of what was 
 called the Cherokee Circuit in Northern Georgia ; in 
 
 1837 he removed to the West, and, after the lapse of 
 ten years, returned to his early home and died in 
 Dade County, Georgia, July 16, 1868, in the seven- 
 tieth year of his age. 
 
 Hooper, Samuel. — Was bom in Marblehead, 
 
 Massachusetts, February 3, 1808 ; received his educa- 
 tion in that town ; spent four years in a counting- 
 room in Boston ; subsequently made repeated visits 
 to Europe and the West Indies, attending to com- 
 mercial business ; in 1832 settled finally in Bos- 
 ton as a merchant, chiefly engaged in the China 
 trade, the last house of which he formed a part hav- 
 ing been long known as William Appleton & Co. In 
 1851 he was elected to the State House of Represent- 
 atives, served three years, and declined a re-election ; 
 in 1857 was elected to the State Senate, and declined 
 to serve a second term ; in 1861 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Massachusetts, to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the resignation of William Appleton, in 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Ways and Means ; and in 1863 he was re- 
 elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 same Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and 
 Means, Banking and Currency, and the War Debts of 
 the Loyal States. In July, 1866, he received from 
 Howard LTniversity tlie degree of Master of Arts, as 
 founder of the " School of Mines." He was a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 
 1866 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth, Forty-first, 
 Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses. Died in 
 Washington, February 15, 1875, declining a re-nomi- 
 nation. 
 
 Hooper, William. — He was bom in Boston, 
 June 17, 1743 ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1760 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar ; in 
 1766 he settled at Wilmington, North Carolina ; in 
 1770 he had the courage to instigate severe measures 
 against three thousand Regulfitors in that State, which 
 caused their dispersion ; in 1773 he was elected to the 
 State Assembly. He was a Delegate to the Continen- 
 tal Congress from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Dec- 
 laration of Independence ; in 1776 he was a member 
 of the " Hillsborough and Halifax Convention;" in 
 1787 he retired from public life, and died in October, 
 1790. 
 
 Hooper, Tf'. H, — Born in Cambridge, Dorchester 
 County, Maryland, December 25, 181-5 ; received a 
 common-school education ; was for several years a 
 clerk in a store at Baltimore ; when seventeen years 
 of age built a schooner ; was for some years a mer- 
 chant on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, emigrated to 
 Illinois in 1835, from which time until 1849 he was 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits and steam boating on 
 the Mississippi. In 1850 he removed to Utah ; was a 
 member of the Legislature, and Acting Secretary of 
 the Territory ; and in 1859 entered the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress as a Delegate from the Territory of Utali ; 
 and was re-elected a Delegate to the Thirty-ninth and 
 Fortieth Congresses. Re-elected to the two subse- 
 quent Congresses. 
 
 Hopkins, Benjamin F. — He was born in. 
 Washington County, New York, April 23, 1829 ; re- 
 ceived a good English education ; removed to Wis- 
 consin and became engaged in general business pur- 
 suits ; was Private Secretary to the Governor of ^^''is- 
 consin for one term ; was a member of both branches 
 of the Legislature, and in 1866 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Wisconsin to the Fortieth and Forty- 
 first Congresses, ser\-ing on the Committees on En- 
 rolled Bills and Public Lands. Died in Madison, 
 January 3, 1870. 
 
 Hopkins, Gcorfje IF. — Born in Goochland 
 County, Virginia, February 22, 1804. He was edu- 
 cated at the "old field schools" of that day, and for 
 some years alternatelj' taught school and studied law. 
 During the years 1833 and 1834 he served in the 
 House of Delegates, and was elected a Representative 
 in Congress in 1835, and was re-elected until 1847, 
 
210 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 serving during one session as Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives, after whicli he was appointed by 
 President Polk Charge d'Aif aires of the United States 
 to Portugal. On his return from Europe, in 1849, he 
 went a second time into the House of Delegates of 
 Virginia, and was elected Speaker of the House. He 
 was subsequently elected a Judge of the Circuit Court 
 and in 1857 was re-elected to the Thirty-tifth Con- 
 gress serving as Chairman of the Committee on For- 
 eign Relations. Died March 2, 1861, at which time 
 he was a member of the Virginia Legislature. 
 
 Ifopliinft, .Trniies C. — He was bom in Vermont ; 
 settled in Wisconsin ; and in 1870 was appointed 
 United States Judge for the Western District of Wis- 
 consin, residing at Madison. 
 
 Jlojikhis, fjames Her r on, — Bom in Wash- 
 ington County, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1831 ; 
 educated at Washington College ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in Pittsburg before he was 
 of age ; continued engaged in his profession so closely 
 as to impair his health and oblige him to go to 
 Europe, and a year after his return he retired from 
 practice ; has since been engaged in banking, having 
 been President of the Pennsylvania Bank and direc- 
 tor of other Institutions of the kind. In 1873 was 
 candidate for Congress for the State at Large. In 
 1874 was elected Representative from Pennsylvania to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. He was also elected Grand 
 Master of Knight Templars in the United States in 
 1874. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair- 
 man of the Committee on the Centennial. 
 
 JfopJiiiis, Sfliiniel. — He was born in Albemarle 
 County, Virginia. He served with distinction in the 
 Revolutionary war, having fought at Princeton, 
 Trenton, Monmouth, Brandywine, and Germantown, 
 and also as Lieutenant-Colonel of a Virginia regiment 
 at the siege of Charleston. He removed to Kentucky 
 in 1797, served a number of years in the State Legis- 
 lature ; in 1812 led two thousand troops against the 
 Kickapoo Indians ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1815. He died at 
 an advanced age in October, 1819. 
 
 JTophiiis, Saitiiiel. M. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1791, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New YorT<, from 1813 to 1815. He was an emi- 
 nent lawyer, and much respected as a philanthropist 
 and a Christian. He died at Geneva, New York, 
 October 8, 1837, aged sixty-five years. 
 
 Iloplkhis, Stephen, — He was born in Scituate, 
 Massachusetts. March 7, 1707 ; was brought up a 
 farmer ; in 1742 removed to Providence and entered 
 the mercantile business ; from 1751 to 1754 he was 
 Chief Justice of the Superior Court ; in 1755 he was 
 elected Governor of the State, and, ^vith the exception 
 of four years, served until 1768. He was a Delegate 
 to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and 
 also in 1778, and a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. In 1765 he published, by order of the 
 Assembly, " Rights of the Colonies Examined, and an 
 Account of Providence," in two volumes. Died July 
 13, 1785. 
 
 JTopkinson, Franeis, — Bom in Philadelphia 
 
 in 1738 ; his father died when he was fourteen years 
 of age, and after having been taught by his mother, 
 he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he 
 graduated. He studied law, but was fond of fine 
 arts, and indulged in humorous satire. In 1765 he 
 visited England, and remained there two years. On 
 the breaking out of the Revolution he rendered good 
 service to the American cause by the power of his 
 pen. He was a signer of the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence ; a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continen- 
 
 tal Congress in 1776 and 1777 ; he was a Judge of the 
 Admiralty Court ; and subsequentlv a Judge of the 
 United States District Court. Died of apoplexv. May 
 9, 1791. ^ 
 
 Hopktnson, Joseph, — Bora m Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, November 12, 1770 ; was educated at 
 the University of his native State, from which Insti- 
 tution, as well as from Nassau Hall and Harvard Uni- 
 versity, he subsequently received the degree of LL.D. 
 He studied law, and commenced to practice at the 
 age of twenty at Easton, and afterwards at Philadel- 
 phia, and became eminent in his profession. He 
 was the leading counsel of Dr. Rush in his famous 
 suit against William Cobbett in 1799, and was also 
 engaged by Judge Chase in his impeachment case be- 
 fore the United States Senate. In 1815 he was a 
 Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, and 
 served until 1819, after which he resided in Borden- 
 town. New Jersey, until appointed by President John 
 Quincy Adams Judge of the District Court of the 
 United States for the Eastern District of Pennsyl- 
 vania, when he returned to Philadelphia, and held this 
 office until his death. In 1837 he was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of the State ; was one 
 of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania ; 
 was President of the Philadelphia Academy of Fine 
 Arts, and Vice-President of the American Philosophi- 
 cal Society. He published many interesting ad- 
 dresses, and wrote the song "Hail Columbia." He 
 died at Philadelphia, January 15, 1842. 
 
 Hoppin. WilJinm JF, — He was Governor of 
 Rhode Island for three years, beginning with 1854, 
 and was otherwise honorably identified with the State. 
 
 Horn, Henri/. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Hornheek, -Tohn W. — He was a native of New 
 Jersey, and a graduate of Union College, New York. 
 Removed to Pennsylvania, and turned his attention to 
 the profession of law. He was a member of the 
 House of Representatives in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
 vania, from 1847 to 1848, and died at Allentown, 
 Pennsylvania, January 16, 1848. 
 
 Homhlower, •Joseph C, — Bom in Belleville, 
 New Jersey, May 6, 1777 ; received a classical and 
 mathematical education ; studied law and came to 
 the bar in 1803 ; in 1832 he was appointed Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, which 
 position he occupied until 1846. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1844, 
 and in 1836 gave a decision which attracted much at- 
 tention, and in which he declared that Congress had 
 no right to pass a fugitive slave law. He was also 
 Vice-President of the Philadelphia Convention which 
 nominated Fremont for the Presidency. He was 
 connected with many of the religious and benevo- 
 lent organizations of his native State, and died in 
 Newark, June 11, 1864. 
 
 IIornhIo}ver, Josiah, — Was born in Stafford- 
 shire, England, in 1729. Did not receive a University 
 education, but was a great student and made himself 
 acquainted with many important branches of science, 
 and adopted the profession of civil engineering. In 
 1751 he came to America to build a steam engine at 
 the copper mines near Belleville, New Jersey. This 
 is said to have been the first engine built in North 
 America. He became interested in mineralogy and 
 mining. He espoused the cause of American Inde- 
 pendence ; was several years in the State Legislature, 
 serving as Speaker : and was a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress from 1785 to 1786. He was Justice 
 of the Peace for a long period, and in 1798 was ap- 
 pointed Judge of Essex County Court, which position 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 211 
 
 he held till his death, which occurred January 31, 
 1809. 
 
 Jlorsey, Onterbridge. — He was a native of 
 Delaware, and born in 1777 ; after completing his 
 classical education, he studied law, under James A. 
 Bayard, and rose to eminence in his profession. He 
 was for many years Attorney-General of the State, 
 and was a Senator in Congress from Delaware from 
 1810 to 1831. He died at Needwood, Maryland, June 
 9, 1843. 
 
 Morton, Thomas H. — He was born in New 
 Tork, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Horfon, Valentine B. — He was born at Wind- 
 sor, Vermont, January 89, 1803 ; was educated at 
 Partridge's Military Academy in that State ; and after 
 that institution was removed to Middletown, Connecti 
 cut, he became a teacher therein. He studied law 
 at Middletown, and was admitted to tlie bar in 1830, 
 after which he removed to and practiced his profes- 
 sion in Pittsburg. He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 in 1833, where he followed his profession for two 
 years, and in 1835 removed to Pomeroy, Ohio, his 
 present residence, where he engaged in mining and 
 manufacturing. He was a member of the Ohio " Con- 
 stitutional Convention " of 1850, and in 1854 he was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress, and was i-e-elected to the Thirty-fifth, his busi- 
 ness affairs causing him to decline a nomination for 
 the next Congress. He was, however, re-elected to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Ways and Means. In 1861 he was a member 
 of the " Peace Congress," held in Washington. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Hosford, tTedediah. — -He was born in Vermont, 
 and, having removed to New York, was elected a 
 Rei>resentative to Congress from that State from 1851 
 to 1853. 
 
 IFonkhls, George G. — He was born in Benning- 
 ton, New Yorlv, December 34, 1834 ; received an aca- 
 demic education ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; 
 was elected Clerk of his native town in 1849, and held 
 the office three years ; Justice of the Peace for twelve 
 successive years ; Supervisor in 1863 ; was appointed 
 Postmaster at Bennington, holding it under tliree 
 Presidents ; was a member of the Assembly of the 
 State in 1860, 1865, and 1866 ; and in 1865 was chosen 
 Speaker ; in 1868 was appointed State Commissioner 
 of Public Accounts, and held the office three years ; 
 in 1871 appointed Collector of Internal Revenue, re- 
 signing in 1873, having been elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts ; 
 and he was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Ilosnier, Ifezekiah L. — He was a Representa- 
 tive to Congress from New York from 1797 to 1799. 
 
 Hosmer,H. L, — He was appointed Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Idaho. 
 
 IIos)ner, Stephen Titiiii. — Born in Middletown, 
 Connecticut, in 1763 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1783 ; began to practice law at Middletown, about 
 1785 ; was many years a member of the Council of 
 State ; after the adoption of the State Constitution, 
 Chief Justice from 1815 to 1833. Died in Middletown, 
 August 5, 1834. 
 
 Hosmer, Titus. — Born at Middletown, Connecti- 
 cut, in 1736 ; was a member of the Council ; of the 
 Assembly from 1773 to 1778 ; Speaker in 1777; Dele- 
 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779 ; 
 and in January, 1780, was appointed Judge of the 
 Maritime Court of Appeals for the United States. He 
 was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. He 
 was the patron of Joel Barlow who wrote a poem on 
 his death, inscribed to his widow. He died at Mid- 
 dletown, August 4, 1780. 
 
 Uostetter, Jaeoh. — He was born in York, Penn- 
 sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State in 1814, in the place of J. Spangler re- 
 signed, and from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 HofcJikiss, Giles TX'. — Born in Windsor, Broome 
 County, New York, October 25, 1815 ; a lawyer by 
 profession ; in 1863 ho vias elected a Representa- 
 tive from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committees on Claims, 
 and on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Claims, and Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chair- 
 man of Civil Service, and on the Committee on 
 Claims. 
 
 Jfotchkiss, J'lllius, — He was born in Middle- 
 town, Connecticut, in 1810 ; received a common- 
 school education ; turned his attention to mercantile 
 pursuits, which he subsequently merged into the 
 manufacturing business ; when his native place was 
 organized into a city, he was elected its first Mayor ; 
 he was twice elected to the State Legislature ; was a 
 candidate in 1854 for the office of Comptroller of the 
 State ; and in 1867 he was elected a Representative 
 from Connecticut to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Territories and Freedmen's 
 Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress. 
 
 JfoucJe, Jacob, .Jr. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Hongh, David, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 1803 to 1807. 
 
 Moiigh, William ,7, — He was born in New 
 York ; served in the Assembly of that State, in 1835 
 and 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Ilonghton, Sherman O. — He was born in New 
 York, April 10, 1838 ; educated at a commercial insti- 
 tute ; entered the army as a private in 1846, and was 
 sent to California and afterwards to Mexico, where lie 
 served until the close of the war with that country, 
 having been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was Mayor of San 
 Francisco in 1855 ; and elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Post Offices and Post Roads, Pacific Railroad, 
 and Weights and Measures. 
 
 Ifonse, •John F, — Born in Williamson County, 
 Tennessee, January 9, 1827 ; graduated at Lebanon 
 Law School in 18.50, and settled in Clarksville to 
 practice law. He was elected a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1853 ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1860 ; in 1861 was a member of the Provisional Con- 
 gress of Confederate States ; entered the Southern 
 Army and remained till the close of the war ; and 
 was paroled at Columbus, Mississippi, soon after the 
 surrender. He was a member of the House of the 
 Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1870, and was 
 elected in 1784 a Representative from Tennessee to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Honston, George S, — He was born in William- 
 son County, Tennessee, January 17, 1811, but re- 
 
213 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 moved, when quite young, to the Fifth Congressional 1 kees in Arkansas. During his residence among the 
 District of Alabama, where he was educated, and has I Indians he became acquainted with the frauds prac- 
 since resided. Soon after attaining the age of twenty- I ticed upon them by the Government agents, and un- 
 one he was admitted to the bar, and elected to the I dertook a mission to Washington for the purpo.se of 
 Alabama Legislature and served two sessions. He | exposing them. In the execution of this project he 
 
 was also, for a time, Attorney for the State, or Solici- 
 tor ; and was a second time elected to the Legisla- 
 ture. He was elected a Representative to Congress 
 in 1841, and continued to serve, by successive elec- 
 tions, until 1849, when he voluntarily retired, for the 
 purpose of resuming the practice of law. He was 
 again elected to Congress, in 1851, and subsequently 
 re-elected, serving on several of the leading Commit- 
 tees, and officiating during the Thirty-fifth Congress 
 as Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary ; 
 having, during a former session, acted as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Ways and Means. He was also a 
 member of the special Committee of Thirty-three. 
 Withdrew in February, 1861. He was a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 
 1866. He was Governor of Alabama from 1874 to 
 1876. 
 
 Houston, James. — He was bom in Maryland ; 
 was liberally educated, and adopted the profession 
 of law ; and in 1806 he was appointed, by President 
 Jefferson, United States Judge for the District of 
 Maryland. 
 
 Itoiiston, John. — He was early distinguished 
 in the Revolutionary movement, and was one of the 
 four persons to call the fir.st meeting of the Friends of 
 Liberty, in 1774, at Savannah ; was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777 ; and was a 
 member of its first Naval Committee, and would have 
 signed the Declaration of Independence had he not 
 been called home to counteract the influence of Dr. 
 Zubly in opposition to it. He was a member of the 
 State Council in May 1777 ; Governor of Georgia from 
 1778 to 1784; in 1793 appointed first Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Georgia ; and in 1787 Commissioner 
 for settling the boundary between Georgia and South 
 Carolina. He died in Savannah, July 30, 1796. He 
 was the son of Sir Patrick Houston. 
 
 Houston, John W. — Bom in Sussex County, 
 Delaware ; studied at Newark Academy, and gradu- 
 ated at Yale College in 1834. He studied law with 
 John M. Clayton, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. 
 He was Secretary of State in 1841 ; a Representative 
 in Congress from Delaware from 1845 to 1851 ; and in 
 1856 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Delaware. He was a Delegate to the ' ' Peace Con- 
 gress " of 1861. 
 
 Houston, Sam, — Bom in Rockbridge County, 
 Virginia, March 2, 1793. He lost his father when 
 quite young, and his mother removed with her family 
 to the banlis of the Tennessee, at that time the limit 
 of civilization. Here he received but a scanty edu- 
 cation ; he passed several years among the Cherokee 
 Indians, and, in fact, through all his life, he seems to 
 have held opinions -ivith Rousseau, and retained a 
 predilection for life in the wilderness. After having 
 
 served for a time as clerk to a country trader and I Hill and Vicksburg, and was made a brevet Major- 
 kept a school, in 1813 he enlisted in the army, and j General. After the war he resigned and was ap- 
 served under General Jackson in the war with the ; pointed Minister Resident to Peru in 18G6. 
 Creek Indians. He distinguished himself on several I 
 
 occasions, and, at the conclusion of the war, he had Howard, Jieiljaniin. — He was a Representa- 
 risen to the rank of Lieutenant, but soon resigned his ' five in Congress from Kentucky from 1807 to 1810, 
 commission and commenced tlie study of law at Nash- i when he was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory. 
 
 met with but little success ; he became involved in 
 lawsuits, and returned to his Indian friends. During 
 a visit to Texas he was requested to allow his name 
 to be used in the canvass for a Convention which was 
 to meet to form a Constitution for Texas, prior to its 
 admission into the Mexican Union. He consented, 
 and was unanimously elected. The Constitution 
 drawn up by the Convention was rejected by Santa 
 Anna, at that time in power, and the disaffection of 
 the Texans caused thereby, was still further height- 
 ened by a demand upon them to give up their arms. 
 They determined upon resistance ; a militia was or- 
 ganized, and Austin, the founder of the colony, was 
 elected Commander-in-Chief, in which office he was 
 shortly after succeeded by General Houston. He con- 
 ducted the war with vigor, and finally brought it to 
 a successful termination by the battle of San Jacinto, 
 which was fought in April, 1836. In May, 1836, he 
 signed a treaty acknowledging the independence of 
 Texas, and in October of the same year he was inau- 
 gurated the first President of the Republic. At the 
 end of his term of office, as the same person could not 
 constitutionally be elected President twice in succes- 
 sion, he became a member of the Texas Congress. In 
 1841, however, he was again elevated to the Presi- 
 dential chair. During the whole time that he held 
 that office, it was his favorite policy to effect the an- 
 nexation of Texas to the United States ; but he re- 
 tired from office before the consummation of his 
 wishes. In 1846 Texas became one of the States of 
 the Union, and General Houston was elected to the 
 Senate, of which bodj- he remained a member until 
 1859, the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Indian Affairs ; in 1859 he was 
 elected Governor of Texas. In a letter that he ad- 
 dressed to the compiler of this volume, he said, in his 
 characteristic manner, that he "had risen from n 
 Sergeant up to President of a Republic, and down to 
 a Senator of the LTnited States Senate." Died in 
 Huntersville, Texas, July 25, 1863. His name was 
 S(im, not Samuel as generally printed. 
 
 Houston , William. — He was a Delegate from 
 Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1787, and was a member of the Convention which 
 formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign the 
 instrument. 
 
 Houston, Williani C. — He graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1768 ; was a Professor of Mathematics 
 in the same ; and a Delegate from New Jersey to the 
 Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782, and again in 
 1784 and 1785. Died in 1788. 
 
 Hovet/, Alvin P. — Bom at Mount Vernon, Ohio, 
 May 8, 1821 ; studied law and came to the bar in 
 1843 ; entered the volunteer service during the Rebel- 
 lion as a Major ; served with distinction as Colonel 
 and Brigadier-General at Shiloh, Corinth, Champion 
 
 ville. It was about this time that he began his polit. 
 ical life. After holding several minor offices in Ten- 
 nessee, he was, in 1833, elected to Congress, and con- 
 tinued a member of that body until, in 1837, he be- 
 came Governor of Tennessee. In 1839, before the ex- 
 piration of his gubernatorial term, he resigned his of- 
 fice, and went to take up his abode among the Chero- 1 land ; graduated at Princeton College in 1809 ; com 
 
 He was appointed Brigadier-General in the United 
 States Army in 1813 ; and was once Governor of Mis- 
 souri Territory. He died at St. Louis, Missouri, Sep- 
 tember 18, 1814. 
 
 Howard, lienjam in C. — He was bom inMary- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 213 
 
 manded a volunteer company at the battle of North 
 Point in 1814 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1828 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 5[aryland 
 from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1839 ; from 
 1833 to 1850 he was a General of Militia ; was a Re- 
 porter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States from 1843 to 1862; and Democratic can- 
 didate for Governor of Maryland in 1861. Died in 
 Baltimore in 1872, aged 81 years. He was also a Del- 
 egate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; son of John 
 E. Howard. 
 
 Howard, George. — He was a native of Mary- 
 land ; became acting Governor in 1831, and in 1832 
 he was elected Governor of Maryland, remaining in 
 office untU 1833. 
 
 Howard, Henry. — He was bom in Cranston, 
 Rhode Island, April 2, 1826 ; studied law and came to 
 the bar in 1851 ; after practicing eight years, went in 
 commercial business ; served a number of years in the 
 State Legislature ; was a Delegate to the National 
 Convention of 1856, which nominated Fremont ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1872 ; and in 1873, without 
 soliciting the honor, was elected Governor of Rhode 
 Island; and re-elected in 1874, and declined are-nom- 
 ination for 1875. He is a man of culture and more 
 fond of literature than politics. 
 
 Hoivard, Jacob M. — He was born in Shafts- 
 bury, Vermont, July 10, 1805 ; was educated at the 
 Academies of Bennington and Brattleborough, and 
 at Williams' College, where he graduated in 1830 ; 
 studied law, and taught in an academy in Massachu- 
 setts for a time ; removed to Michigan in 1832, and 
 came to the bar of that Territory in 1833 ; in 1838 he 
 was a member of the Legislature of the State ; from 
 1841 to 1843 he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Michigan ; in 1854 he was elected Attorney -General of 
 the State, twice re-elected, serving in all sis years ; 
 in 1862 he was elected a Senator in Congress, in 
 place of K. S. Bingham, deceased, for the term ending 
 in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the 
 Pacific Railroad, and as a member of the Committees 
 on Military Affairs, the Judiciary, and Private Land 
 Claims. He was re-elected a Senator in Congress for 
 the term commencing in 1865 and endingin 1871, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Claims, Private Land Claims, 
 the Library, the Special Joint Committee on the Rebel- 
 lious States, and as Chairman of that on Ordnance. He 
 received from Williams College in 1866, the degree of 
 LL.D., and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loy- 
 alists' Convention " of the same year. Died at Detroit, 
 April 2, 1871. As an author he published in 1847 a 
 translation from the French of the " Secret Memoirs 
 of the Empress Josephine." He drew up the platform 
 of the first convention ever held of the Republican 
 party in 1854, and is said to have given it its name. 
 
 Howard, ,Tohn Eager. — He was bom June 
 4, 1753, in Baltimore County, Maryland, and gradu- 
 ated at Princeton College. He entered the army in 
 1776 as a Captain in the Regiment of Colonel J. C. 
 Hall ; in the following year he was promoted, till 
 finally he succeeded to the command of the Second 
 Maryland Regiment. He was an efficient coadjutor 
 of Greene during the campaign of the South, distin- 
 guishing himself at the battle of Cowpens, when, 
 says Lee, " he seized the critical moment, and turned 
 the fortune of the day ; " also at Guilford, and the 
 Eutaws. He was in the engagement of White Plains, 
 Germantown, Monmouth, Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill. 
 Having been trained to the infantry service, he was 
 remarkably apt at charging into close battle with 
 fixed bayonet ; at Cowpens this mode of fighting was 
 resorted to for the first time in the war, and in this 
 battle he had in his hands at one time the swords of 
 seven officers who had surrendered to him personally. 
 
 I On this occasion he saved the life of the British 
 ! General O'Hara, whom he found clinging to his stLr- 
 [ rup and asking quarter. When the anny was dis- 
 banded he retired to his patrimonial estate near Bal- 
 timore. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Continental 
 ■ Congress, and was in 1788 chosen Governor of Jlary- 
 land, and held the office three years. He was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1792 ; and a Senator of the 
 LTnited States from Maryland from 1796 to 1803, and 
 was President pro tern, of the Senate in the Sixth 
 Congress. He died October 12, 1827. 
 
 Howard, Tilghman A. — Bom near Pickens- 
 ville, South Carolina, November 14, 1797, He re- 
 ceived a limited education, and commenced active 
 life as a clerk in a store, and as a schoolmaster ; re- 
 moved to Tennessee and devoted himself to the law ; 
 when twenty-seven years of age was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Tennessee Legislature ; was a Jackson 
 Elector in 1830 ; during that year removed to Indiana, 
 and was appointed, by President Jackson, District 
 Attorney for that State ; and was appointed Charge 
 d' Affaires to Texas in 1844, in which Republic he 
 died, August 16, 1844. His term of service as a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Indiana was from 1839 
 to 1841. 
 
 Howard, 1'olneg E. — He was bom in Norridge- 
 wock, Maine ; studied law ; emigrated to Mississippi, 
 where he distinguished himself as an editor, and 
 fought two duels, first with S. S. Prentiss, and next 
 with Governor McNutt ; and, having emigrated to 
 Texas, was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Howard, H'ilH am. —Bom in Virginia, and was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revisal 
 and Unfinished Business. 
 
 Howard, WUUam A. — He was born in Ver- 
 mont ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1839 ; 
 and, haxing taken up his residence in Michigan, was 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- 
 fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Ways and Means. Having 
 contested the seat of G. B. Cooper in 1860, he became 
 a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the select Committee of Thirty-three. In 
 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Post- 
 master at Detroit. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. In 
 1869 he was appointed Minister to China, but 
 declined the position. 
 
 Howe, Albert R. — He was born in Brookfield, 
 Massachusetts, January 2, 1840 ; was well educated ; 
 served in the Forty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry 
 as Sergeant, Lieutenant, and Acting Adjutant, par- 
 ticipating in the campaign in North Carolina ; was 
 commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Fifth Massa- 
 chusetts Cavalry ; promoted to be Major, serving in 
 Virginia and Texas until November, 1865 ; settled in 
 Mississippi, on a cotton plantation, in 1865 ; was a 
 member of the Mississippi State Convention in 1868 ; 
 a Delegate to the Chicago National Convention in 
 1868 ; appointed Treasurer of Panola County in 1869 ; 
 was a member of the Legislature m 1870, 1871, and 
 1872 ; and elected to the Forty -third Congress serving 
 on the Committee on Claims. 
 
 Howe, ■Tames H.—Se was bom in Maine ; re- 
 moved to Wisconsin ; and in 1873 was appointed 
 United States Judge for the Western District of Wis- 
 consin, residing in Kenosha. 
 
 Howe, John IV. — He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire, and, having settled in Pennsylvania, was 
 
214 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 elected a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 
 1853. 
 
 Howe, Thomas 31, — He was bom' in Vermont, 
 and, having settled in Pennsylvania, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1855. He 
 was for many years Cashier, and then President, of 
 the Exchange Bank, of Pittsburg. 
 
 Howe, Thomas Y. Ji'. — He was a native of 
 New York, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1851 to 1853. ^ ,^ 
 
 Howe, Timothy O. — WasA)om in Livermore, 
 Oxford County, Maine, February?, 1816 ; received an 
 academical education at the Readfield Seminary ; 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; 
 settled at Readfield, and was elected to the Legisla- 
 ture of Maine in 1845 ; in the latter part of that year 
 he removed to Green Bay, Wisconsin ; was elected a 
 Circuit Judge in that State, in 1850, holding the 
 office until 1855, when he resigned ; and in 1861 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, 
 for the term ending in 1867 ; serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Finance, Commerce, Pensions and Claims, 
 and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled 
 Bills and of those on the Library and Claims, and 
 subsequently on those on Appropriations and Revolu- 
 tionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Phil- 
 adelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and in 
 January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the 
 term ending in 1873 ; and again for the term ending 
 in 1879, serving as Chairman of the Committees on 
 Claims and the Library of Congress. 
 
 Howell, Darifl. — Born in New Jersey, January 
 1, 1747 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1766 ; 
 removed to Rhode Island and was appointed Profes- 
 sor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in 1796 ; 
 and from 1790 to 1824 was Professor of Law in Brown 
 University. He practiced this profession in Provi- 
 dence, and became eminent ; was for some time Attor- 
 ney-General of the State and Judge of the Supreme 
 Court. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1783 to 1785 ; and after the re-organization 
 of the General Government, was appointed Commis- 
 sioner to settle the Eastern Boundary of the United 
 States ; was subsequently District Attorney ; and 
 from 1813 to his death, was District Judge for Rhode 
 Island. He was a distinguished classical scholar and 
 political writer. He died July 29, 1834. 
 
 Howell, Edward. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1832, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Howell, Elias, — He was born in New Jersey, 
 and ha\'ing taken up his residence in Ohio, was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Howell, ,Tames S, — He was bom in New Jer- 
 sey, July 4, 1816 ; removed to Newark, Licking Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, in 1819 ; graduated at Miami University in 
 1837 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1839 ; 
 moved to Iowa in 1841, where he practiced law for 
 several years ; in 1845 he purchased a paper and lias 
 ever since been engaged in the newspaper business ; 
 removing to Keokuk in 1849, he started the Bnili/ 
 Whig, afterwards the Diiili/ Gitte City ; took a prom- 
 inent part in organizing the Republican Party in Iowa 
 in 1855 and 1856 ; was a Delegate to the Fremont Con- 
 vention in 1856, and was elected to the United States 
 Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
 W. Grimes, in January, 1870. In 1871 he was ap- 
 pointed a member of the Southern Claims Commis- 
 sion. 
 
 Howell, Jeremiah S, — He was a native of 
 Rhode Island, and graduated at Brown University in 
 1789 ; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island 
 from 1811 to 1817, and died in 1832, aged fifty years. 
 
 Howell, Kafhaiiiel. — -He graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1788, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1813 to 1815, and died at 
 Canandaigua, New York, October 16, 1851, aged 
 eighty-one years. 
 
 Howell, Hichard, — Bom in Delaware, 1754; 
 practiced law ; commanded a company of Grenadiers 
 before the Revolutionary War ; was in 1775 appointed 
 Captain of the Second New Jersey Regiment ; distin- 
 guished himself at Quebec ; was promoted to Major 
 in 1776 ; and commanded his regiment till 1779 ; was 
 appointed Judge Advocate of the Army in 1783, but 
 declined. Resuming the practice of law, he was 
 Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1778 to 1793 ; and 
 Governor from 1794 to 1801. He died at Trenton, 
 New Jersey, April 38, 1803. 
 
 Howell, William F. — He was born in Michi- 
 gan, and removed to New York, from whicli State he 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the - United 
 States Court for the Territory of Arizona. 
 
 HowUntd, lieiijattiiii. — He was a native of 
 Rhode Island ; was a Senator in Congress from that 
 State from 1804 to 1809, and died May 6, 1831. 
 
 Howley, Hichard. — He was a Delegate from 
 Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 
 1781. 
 
 Hubard, Edmund If, — He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1847. 
 
 Hubbard, Asahel M'. — He was born in Had- 
 dam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819 ; received a dis- 
 trict-school education ; removed to Indiana in 1838, 
 and taught school for a time ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1841 ; in 1847 he was elected to the In- 
 diana Legislature, and served three years ; in 1857 he 
 removed to Iowa, and was chosen Judge of the Fourth 
 Judicial District of that State ; and in 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Committee to 
 visit the Indian Tribes of the West. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Public Expenditures and Indian Affairs ; also re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old 
 Committees. 
 
 Hubbard, Chester H. — ^He was born in Ham- 
 den, Connecticut, November 25, 1814 ; removed with 
 his parents to Western Pennsylvania in 1815 ; thence 
 to Wheeling, Virginia, in 1819 ; graduated at the 
 Wesleyau University in 1840 ; was engaged in the 
 lumber, iron, and banking business ; in 1853 and 1853 
 he was a member of the Virginia Legislature ; was 
 a member of the "Richmond Convention" of 1861, 
 and also of the " Wheeling Convention " of the same 
 year ; served one term in the Senate of West Virgin- 
 ia, after its organization ; was a Delegate to the 
 "Baltimore Convention " of 1864; was the Commis- 
 sioner from West Virginia to the soldiers' National 
 Cemetery, and was elected a representative from that 
 State to the Thirty-nintli Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Manufactures, and on Banking and 
 Currency. He was also re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress, ser\'ing on old Committees and as Chairman 
 of that on Interior Department Expenses. 
 
 Hubbard, David. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 315 
 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama 
 from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term from 1849 to 
 1851. 
 
 Hubbard, Dernas, Jr. — Born in Winfield, 
 County of Herldmer, New York, January 17, 1806 ; 
 received an academical education ; was devoted to 
 farming and the practice of law ; was for many years 
 Supervisor of Chenango County, and four years Chair- 
 man of the Board ; from 1838 to 1840 he was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature ; and in 1804 he was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Thir- 
 ty-ninth Congresss, serving on the Committee on the 
 Post Olfice and Post Roads. Died in Smyrna, New 
 York, September 3, 1873. 
 
 Hubbard, Henry. — He was born in Charles- 
 town, New Hampshire, May 3, 1784 ; graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 1803 ; studied law, and com- 
 menced practice in Charlestown. He came early into 
 public life. He was frequently a member of the 
 State Legislature, and for some years Speaker of the 
 House. He was Judge of Probate for Sullivan Coun- 
 ty from 1827 to 1839 ; a Representative in Congress 
 from 1839 to 1835 ; and a Senator in Congress from 
 1835 to 1841. He was also Governor of New Hamp- 
 shire in 1843 and 1843 ; and from 1846 to 1849 United 
 States Assistant Treasurer in Boston. For a part of 
 the time during the Twenty-eighth Congress, he 
 acted as Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 He died at Charlestown, New Hampshire, June 5, 1857. 
 
 Hubbard, John. — Bom in Readfield, Maine, 
 March 33, 1794 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 
 1816 ; a supporter of the Maine Liquor Law. Taught 
 at Hallowell Academy, Maine, two years ; and in 
 Dinwiddie County, Virginia, two years; and also 
 practiced medicine in the latter place from 1833 to 
 1839 ; removed to Hallowell in 1830 ; was State 
 Senator in 1843 and 1843 ; Governor of Maine from 
 1850 to 1853 ; agent for the United States Treasury 
 for the New England States from 1857 to 1859, and 
 from 1859 to 1861 a Commissioner under the Reciproc- 
 ity Treaty with Great Britain. Received the degree 
 of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1833; 
 and LL.D. from Wat College in 1851. Died at Hal- 
 lowell, February 6, 1869. 
 
 Hubbard, John H. — He was born in Salisbury, 
 Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1805 ; received a 
 good common-school education ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1836, and was a regular 
 practitioner of his profession until 1855. For five 
 years he was Attorney for the County of Litchfield ; 
 was twice elected to the State Senate ; and early in 
 1863 he was elected a Representative from Connecti- 
 cut, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Patents and Expenditures in the Post 
 Office Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and 
 Canals, and on Patents. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Hubbard, Jonathan JT.— Born in 1768. He 
 was one of the oldest and most esteemed citizens of 
 Vermont, and was distinguished as a jurist ; he was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1811, and 
 for many years was one of the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court of Vermont. His death occurred where most 
 of his life was spent, at Windsor, Vermont, Septem- 
 ber 20, 1849. 
 
 Hubbard, Joseph StiUnian. — Born in New 
 Haven, Connecticut, September 7, 1833 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1843 ; was assistant in the High 
 School Observatory in 1844 ; appointed Professor of 
 Mathematics at the Naval Observatory at Washing- 
 ton in 1845, which position he occujiied until his 
 
 death. The volumes of Washington " Observations " 
 exhibit his skill as an observer and a computer. He 
 made valuable contributions to Gould's Astrnnt>mical 
 Journal ; one on Biela's Comet, and on the orbit of 
 Egeria The article "Telescope" in the New Amer- 
 ican Encyclopcedia was written by him. He died in 
 New Haven, August 16, 1863. 
 
 Hubbard, Levi, — He was a Rejiresentative In 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1815 ; a 
 State Senator in 1806, 1807, 1811, and 1816 ; also for 
 some years a County Treasurer ; a State Councilor in 
 1829 ; a Presidential Elector in 1830 and 1838 ; hav- 
 ing also been in 1804 and 1805 a member of the State 
 Legislature. 
 
 Hubbard, It ieh a rd D, — He was bom in Ber- 
 lin, Connecticut. September 7, 1818 ; graduated at 
 Yale College ; studied law, and devoted his whole at- 
 tention to the profession ; and in 1867 was elected a 
 Representative from Connecticut to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Claims and Ex- 
 penditures in the Post Olflce Department. 
 
 Hubbard, Samuel LUckinson. — Born atMid- 
 dletown, Connecticut, August 10, 1799, and died at 
 the same place, October 8, 1855 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1819 ; studied law, but did not practice, 
 devoting himself chiefly to the manufacturing busi- 
 ness ; he served as a Representative through the 
 Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses ; in 1853 he 
 was a])])ointed Postmaster-General, and lield the office 
 until the close of President Fillmore's administration, 
 after which he retired to private life. He was zeal- 
 ous in the cause of education, and assisted in the es- 
 tablishment of the City High School at Middletown. 
 
 Hubbard, Thomas H. — He was a native of 
 New Haven, Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale Col- 
 lege in 1798. He studied law, and settled at Hamil- 
 ton, in Madison County, New York, and was there 
 Surrogate for ten years. In 1833 he removed to Utica, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1817 to 1819, and from 1831 to 1823. He was 
 chosen Presidential Elector in 1812, 1844, and 1852. 
 He died in Utica, May 22, 1857, aged seventy-six 
 years. 
 
 Hubbell, Edwin K. — He was bom in Coxsackie, 
 New York, August 13, 1815 ; received an academical 
 education ; was chiefly devoted to the pursuits of 
 manufacturing and fanning ; held for a time the 
 office of County Supervisor ; and in 1864 was elected 
 a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac- 
 tures, Expenditures in the War Department, and Free 
 Schools in the District of Columbia. 
 
 Hubbell, James R. — He was born in Delaware 
 County, Ohio, in 1834, received an ordinary educa- 
 tion ; adopted the profession of law ; served four 
 times in the State Legislature, and twice as Speaker 
 of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; 
 and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on the War Department and Agriculture. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Hubbell, Jayi A. — He was bom in Avon, Michi- 
 gan, September 15, 1839 ; graduated at the University 
 of Michigan in 1853 ; was admitted to the bar in 
 1855 ; removed to Ontonagon, Michigan, in 1855 ; was 
 elected District Attorney of the Upper Peninsula in 
 1857 and 1859 ; removed to Houghton in 1860 ; was 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1861, 1863, and 1865 ; 
 was engaged in the practice of law until 1870 ; was 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to 
 
216 
 
 ilOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 the Forty-fouTtli, serving on the Committees on Bank- 
 ing and Currency, District of Columbia, and Mines 
 and Mining. 
 
 Hubhell, Sidney A. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, emigrated to New Mexico and was appointed an 
 Associate Justice of the United States Court for that 
 Territory, residing at Santa Fe. 
 
 Hubbefl. William S. — He was born in New 
 York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State 
 in 1841 ; and a Representative in Congress from the 
 same from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Hvhleij, Edward U.— From 1835 to 1839 a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania ; and died 
 February 23, 1856, in Philadelphia. 
 
 Hudson, Charles. — Born in Marlborough, Mas- 
 sachusetts, November 14, 1795. He spent his youth 
 as a student in a village school, and also as a teacher, 
 and at the age of twenty-one was a day-laborer on a 
 farm. In 1819 he was licensed as a preacher of the 
 Universalist persuasion ; was a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature from 1828 to 1833 ; a State Sen- 
 ator from 1833 to 18.'j9 ; a State Councilor from 1839 
 to 1841 ; and was elected to Congress in 1841, where 
 he remained until 1849. He was subsequently ap- 
 pointed Naval Officer for Boston, Massachusetts, by 
 the Federal Government, serving from 1849 to 1853. 
 In 1864 he was Assessor of Internal Revenue at Lex- 
 ington, Massachusetts. 
 
 Hudson, Silas A, — He was a citizen of Iowa ; 
 and in 1869 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Guatemala, where he remained imtU 1873. 
 
 Huffj/, Jacob. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1809 to 1814. 
 
 Iluffer, Jienjaniin, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina from 1799 to 1805, 
 and for a second term from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Huger, Daniel. — He was a member of the 
 Continental Congress, and a Representative in the 
 Congress of the United States from South Carolina 
 from 1789 to 1793. 
 
 Muffer, Daniel Elliot. — Was a citizen of 
 Charleston, South Carolina ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1798 ; and for nearly half a century was 
 identified with the public service of his State as a 
 member of tlie Legislature, State Senate, and Judge 
 of her Courts ; and was a Senator in Congress from 
 South Carolina from 1843 to 1846. He died in Charles- 
 ton, in August, 1854. 
 
 Hufjhes, Charles. — He was born in Georgia, 
 and having settled in New York, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 
 1855. In 1863 he was appointed Provost-Marshal for 
 the Sixteenth District of New York. 
 
 Hughes, ChristopJier. — He was a native of 
 Maryland, a man of education and culture, and held 
 the following diplomatic appointments : Secretary of 
 Legation to England in 1814 ; same to Sweden and 
 Norway in 1816 ; acted as Charge d'AfEaires in 1817, 
 and commissioned as such in 1819 ; from 1835 to 1830 
 Charge d'Affaires to the Netherlands, with special in- 
 structions to Denmark ; from 1830 to 1840 he was 
 Charge d'Affaires to Sweden and Norway ; re-com- 
 missioned in 1843, and returned to this country in 
 1845. He died in Baltimore, September 18, 1849. 
 
 Hughes, George If. — He was bom in New 
 
 York in 1806 ; was educated at the West Point Acad- 
 
 emy, where he graduated in 1837 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of Civil Engineer, and employed as such for 
 some years in New York ; in 1830 he was appointed 
 a Civil Engineer in the General Government, in which 
 he remained until 1838, when he was transferred to 
 the Corps of Topographical Engineers in the Regular 
 Army ; resigned in 1851 and was made President of 
 the Northern Central Railroad ; and was elected 1859 
 a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress. He visited Europe to perfect himself in 
 his studies ; helped to locate the railroad across the 
 Isthmus of Panama ; served with distinction in the 
 War with Mexico, receiving two brevets ; and he died 
 at West River, Maryland, in 1870. 
 
 Hughes, .Tames. — He was born at Hampstead, 
 Maryland, November 24, 1833, and was educated at 
 the State University of Indiana. He began the prac- 
 tice of law at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1843 ; was ap- 
 pointed First Lieutenant of the Sixteenth Regiment 
 of United States Infantry, one of the ten regiments 
 in the Mexican War, and served till the close of the 
 War, and then returned to the practice of law in 
 Bloomington. He was elected Circuit Judge in 1853 
 for six years ; in 1853 was elected Professor of Law 
 in the University of Indiana, and served three years. 
 He was elected a Representative from Indiana in the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Territories. In 1861 he was appointed 
 by President Buchanan a Judge of the Court of Claims, 
 which he resigned in 1865. In May, 1866, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Johnson a Cotton Agent for the 
 Treasury Department ; and subsequently settled in 
 Washington City as an Attorney-at-law, but was soon 
 afterwards elected to the Legislature of Indiana. 
 
 Hughes, 'Tames 3/.— He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and a Representative in Congress from Mis- 
 souri from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Hughes, Robert T^^ — Born in Powhatan Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, June 6, 1831, his father, Jesse, having 
 served in the War of 1813, and his grandfather in the 
 Revolution ; was chiefly educated at the Caldwell 
 Institute, North Carolina ; was for a time a tutor in 
 the Bingham High School ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1846, locating in Richmond ; from 1853 un- 
 til 1857 he was the Editor of the Richmond Examiner ; 
 wrote for two years for the Washington Union ; at- 
 tended the Charleston Convention of 1860 ; subse- 
 quently wrote for the BepnUic and Stntr Journal in 
 Richmond ; in 1873 he was the Republican candidate 
 for Governor of Virginia, but not elected ; and in 
 1874 he was appointed United States District Judge 
 for the Eastern District of Virginia. He was the 
 author of two biographies : of Secretary of War John 
 B. Floyd, and of General Joseph E. Johnston. 
 
 Hughes, Thomas H. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New Jersey from 1829 to 1833. 
 
 Hughston, .Tonus A. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-fourth Congress. In 1845 he was District 
 Attorney for Delaware County ; and was subsequent- 
 ly Marshal of Shanghai, where he died in 1863. 
 
 Huguniu, Daniel, Jr. — He was born in Mont- 
 gomery County, New York, and was distinguished as 
 an officer in the war of 1813, and participated in the 
 stirring events on the Niagara frontier, and the battle 
 of Queenstown, with General Scott, where he was 
 taken prisoner ; he was a member of Congress from 
 New York from 1835 to 1837 ; and a member of the 
 New York Legislature, and at a later period United 
 States Marshal for the Territory of Wisconsin, under 
 an appointment from President Harrison. He died at 
 1 Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850, aged fifty-nine. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 217 
 
 Hnlbert. Jfohn W, — He was a Eepresentatire 
 in Congress from Massachusetts from 1814 to 1817 ; 
 having succeeded Daniel Dewey, resigned. 
 
 Hulburd, Cflfvhi T, — He was bom in Stock- 
 holm, St. Lawrence County, New York, June 5, 1809 ; 
 graduated at Middlebury College, Vei-mont, in 1829 ; 
 read law at Yale College, and adopted the occupation 
 of farming ; was a member of the State Legislature 
 from 1843 to 1844, and again in 1863 ; and in the lat- 
 ter year was elected a Kepresentati%'e from New York 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Agriculture, and as Chairman of the Com- 
 riiittee on Public Expenditures ; re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 the Library, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Public Expeuditures ; and also, of that on the Cus- 
 tom House Frauds in New York. Re-elected to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Re- 
 construction ; and in 1867 received from Hamilton 
 College the degree of LL.D. 
 
 Htitburd, Hiland R. — He was appointed in 
 1865 Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, and in 1867 
 he was made Comptroller, remaining in office until 
 1872. 
 
 Hull, William. — He was bom in Derby. Con- 
 necticut, June 24, 1753 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1772 ; came to the bar in 1775, but soon entered the 
 Revolutionary Army as a Captain ; was rapidly pro- 
 moted, and became Inspector of the Army under 
 Baron Steuben ; was present at the battles of White 
 Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Stillwater, Saratoga, Mon- 
 mouth, and Stony Point, and for his services at Mor- 
 risiana he received the thanks of Washington. Two 
 years after his surrender he was tried by court-martial 
 and sentenced to be shot, but on account of his age 
 and public services the seutence was remitted by Presi- 
 dent Madison, by whom he had been made commander- 
 in-chief. It is now agreed among historians that his 
 reasons for giving up Detroit to the British General 
 Brock were not founded in cowardice or disloyalty. 
 In 1834 he published a series of letters in \'indication 
 of himself, and died at Newtown, Massachusetts, No- 
 vember 29, 1825. 
 
 Humphrey, Charles, — Born in Haverford, 
 Pennsylvania, about 1712 ; was brought up in the 
 milling business, in which he was long and exten- 
 sively engaged ; was a patriot of the Revolution ; a 
 member of the Provincial Assembly from 1764 to 
 1774 ; and a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1774 to 1776 ; although he opposed the measures 
 of Great Britain, he voted against the Declaration of 
 Independence. Died in Haverford ia 1786. 
 
 Humphrey, James, — Bom in Fairfield, Con- 
 necticut, October 9, 1811 ; graduated at Amherst Col- 
 lege in 1831, of which his father, Rev. Heman 
 Humphrey, was for many years President ; had 
 charge, in 1833, of Plainfield Academy, Connecticut ; 
 studied law, and settled for practice in Louisville, 
 Kentucky, where he remained only one year. In 1838 
 he removed to the city of New York, where he prac- 
 ticed his profession ; and in 1858 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs, and of the Select Committee of 
 Thirty three on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress. During the summer of 
 1865 he A^isited Europe on a tour of pleasure. In the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Committee on 
 Commerce, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Expenditures in the Navy Department. Died in 
 Brooklyn, New York, June 16, 1866. 
 
 Htltnphrey, J, M,—Re was born in Holland, 
 
 Erie County, New York. September 21, 1819 ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; was District Attorney for Erie County 
 in 1857, 1858, and 1859, was a member of the State Sen- 
 ate from 1863 to 1865; and was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Commerce and the Special 
 Committee on the Civil Service. In 1865 he was 
 President of the " Democratic State Convention." 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 additional Committee on Expenditures in the State 
 Department. 
 
 Humphrey, Reuben. — He was for four years 
 a Senator in the Legislature of New York from Onon- 
 daga County ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1807 to 1809. 
 
 Humphreys, Charles. — He was a Delegate 
 from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 
 1774 to 1776. 
 
 Humphreys, David. — He was bom in Derby, 
 Connecticut, in 1753 ; educated at Yale College ; in 
 1780, became a Colonel and Aid-de-Camp to Wash- 
 ington, with whom he resided for a considerable 
 time ; in 1784 he accompanied Thomas Jefferson to 
 Europe as Secretary of Legation ; in 1786, he was 
 elected to the Legislature of Connecticut ; was Min- 
 ister to Portugal in 1791 ; to Algiers in 1793 ; and to 
 Spain in 1796 ; and he commanded two Connecticut 
 Regiments in the War of 1812. He acquired consid- 
 erable fame as a writer, and especially of poetry, and 
 a collection of his writings was published in New 
 York in 1804. Died in New Haven, February 31, 
 1818. 
 
 Hutnphreys, David C. — He was bom in Ala- 
 bama ; and was appointed by President Grant from 
 that State one of the Judges of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States, for the District of Columbia. 
 
 Humphrey s,.Tavob. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1831. 
 
 Humphreys, Perry IV. — He was a Represen- 
 ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Humjiries, Senjamin G, — He was Governor 
 
 of Mississippi from 1866 to 1868. 
 
 Hungerford, .Tohii IP. — Bom in 1769 ; was 
 an officer of the Revolution ; a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1813 to 1817 ; Brigadier- 
 General of Virginia Militia on the Potomac in 1814 ; 
 commanding in support of Commodore Porter's artil- 
 lery at the " White House," in September of that 
 year. Died at Twiford, Westmoreland County, Vir- 
 ginia, December 21, 1833. 
 
 Hungerford, Orville. — He was bora in Con- 
 necticut in 1790, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1843 to 1847. He died at Water- 
 town, April 6, 1855. 
 
 Hunt, Hiram P. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 
 1843. 
 
 Hunt, 'Tames B. — He was a native of New 
 York, and for many years law partner with Michael 
 Hoffman. He removed to Michigan about the time 
 of its admission into the Union, and was soon called 
 to responsible public trusts. He was a member of 
 Congress from Michigan from 1843 to 1847. He died 
 in Washington, August 15, 1857, aged fifty-eight 
 years. 
 
218 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANNALl 
 
 Hunt, Jonathan, — He represented the State 
 of Vermont in Congress from 1827 to 1832, serving on 
 tlie Committee on Public Lands, and died at Wash- 
 ington, May 14 of the latter year. He was a graduate 
 of Dartmouth College in 1807. 
 
 Hunt, Sainuef.—Ke was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 1803 to 1805. 
 
 Hunt, Theodore G. — He was born in South 
 Carolina, and was a Representative in the Thirty- 
 third Congress from Louisiana. 
 
 Hunt, Ward. — He was born in Utica, New 
 Tork, June 14, 1810, and has always resided in his 
 native place. He graduated at Union College in 1828, 
 and turning his attention to law attended the law 
 lectures of Judge Gould at Litchfield, Connecticut. 
 In 1865 he was elected a Judge of the Court of Ap- 
 peals of the State of New York, which position he 
 lield until 1873, when he was appointed a Justice of 
 the Supreme Court of the United States. Received 
 from Union College and Rutgers College the degree 
 of Doctor of Laws. 
 
 Hunt, Washington, — He was bom in Wind- 
 ham, Greene County, New York, August 5, 1811. At 
 the age of eighteen he entered upon the study of law, 
 and was admitted to the bar at Lockport in 1834. In 
 1830 he was appointed first Judge of Niagara County, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 
 1849, serving during his last term as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Commerce. In 1849 he was elected 
 Comptroller of New York, and in 1850 Governor of 
 the State. He was temporary Chainnan of the last 
 "Whig National Convention" ever held, in 1856; 
 and in 1860 he was tendered the nomination for the 
 otfice of Vice-President, but he declined. Since that 
 time he has lived in retirement upon a handsome farm 
 near Lockport, dividing his attention between his 
 friends, his books, and the pursuits of agriculture. 
 He was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" in 
 1864, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 vention " of 1866. Died in New York city, February 
 2, 1867. 
 
 Huntei', tToIin, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1795, and 
 a Senator in Congress from that State from 1795 to 
 1796. 
 
 Hunter, -ToJin If. — He was born in tlie village 
 of Bedford, Kings County, New York (now within the 
 limits of the city of Brooklyn), October 15, 1807 ; 
 after devoting himself in various ways to measures 
 which looked to the progress and advancement of 
 his native city, he became identified with the New 
 York Custom-House as clerk in 1831, and in 1837 as As- 
 sistant Auditor, in which position he continued until 
 his resignation in 1865. In 1864 his name was forged 
 to two checks for six thousand six hundred dollars 
 and four thousand two hundred dollars, on the As- 
 sistant Treasurer of New York, and although a suit 
 was instituted by that officer, the entire innocence of 
 Mr. Hunter was triumphantly vindicated, and the 
 Treasurer not only acknowledged his error in the 
 premises, but out of his own pocket paid all the ex- 
 penses of the trial. This was considered one of the 
 most remarkable cases of the kind on record, and 
 only tended to brighten the fair fame of the tempo- 
 rary victim. In 1865 he accepted the position of 
 Secretary of a Banliing Institution in Brooklyn ; and 
 in 1866 he was elected by a large majority a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to tlie Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, in the place of James Humphrey, deceased, 
 serving on the Committees on Commerce, Banking, 
 and Currency, and Expenses in the Navy Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Hunter, Morton C. — He was born in Versailles, 
 Ripley County, Indiana, February 5, 1825 ; went 
 through a scientific course of studies in the Indiana 
 State University ; studied law and graduated as a law- 
 yer at the above institution. In 1858 he was elected 
 to the State Legislature ; in 1860 he was a Presidential 
 Elector ; in 1852 he raised the Eighty-second Regi- 
 ment of Indiana Volunteers, and as Colonel com- 
 manded it until the fall of Atlanta in 1864 ; he also 
 had command of a brigade under General Shei-man in 
 his march to the sea, and continued with the Four- 
 teenth Army Corps until its arrival in Washington. 
 In March, 1865, he was brevetted a Brigadier-General ; 
 and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from 
 Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Territories and Mines and Mining. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con- 
 
 Hunter, Naiswortliy, — He was a Delegate in 
 Congress from the Territorv of Mississippi from 1801 
 to 1803. Died March 11, 1802. 
 
 Hunter, Robert M, T, — He was born in Essex 
 County, Virginia, April 21, 1809 ; was educated at 
 the University of Virginia ; adopted the profession of 
 law, and came to the bar in 1830; served three years 
 in the State Legislature ; and was first elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from his native State in 1837, 
 when he served two terms, and was re-elected in 1845, 
 officiating during the Twenty-sixth Congress as 
 Speaker. In 1847 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
 gress for a long term, and re-elected for the term end- 
 ing in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Finance, and as a member of the Committees on the 
 Library, and on the Pacific Railroad. He was re- 
 elected to the Senate in 1859 for another long term, 
 but was expelled, July, 1801. He took part in the 
 Rebellion as Secretary of State, and a member of Con- 
 gress in the Rebel Government. After the Rebellion 
 he was arrested as a prisoner of State, but released on 
 his parole, and in 1867 he was pardoned by President 
 Johnson. 
 
 Hunter, Taliaferro. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and in 1860 was appointed Fourth Auditor of 
 the Treasury, which position he only held until 1861. 
 
 Hu nter, Willia m . — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont from 1817 to 1819. He was 
 also a member of the State Legislature in 1807 and 
 1809, and a State Councilor in 1809, 1814, and 1815. 
 
 Hunter, William. — Born in Neivport, Rhode 
 Island, November 33, 1775 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
 versity in 1791 ; went to London and studied medi- 
 cine, but soon changed to the law, and entered at the 
 Inner Temple in London ; and on his return to New- 
 ])ort, at the age of twenty-one, was admitted to the 
 bar. In 1799 he was a Representative in the General 
 Assembly of Rhode Island, and re-elected at different 
 periods from that time to the year 1811, when he was 
 chosen a Senator in Congress, and held his seat till 
 1821. His speeches, e.specially tho.se on the acquisi- 
 tion of Florida, and the Missouri Compromise, won 
 him a high reputation as a sagacious statesman and a 
 finished orator. In 1824 he was Charge to Brazil, an 
 otfice which was, in 1843, raised to a full mission, and 
 he was continued as Minister till 1845, when he re- 
 tired from public life, and resided at Newport until 
 his death, which occurred December 3, 1849. 
 
 Hunter, Willia ni . — Born in Newport, Rhode Isl- 
 and, November 8, 18f)5 ; and was son of the former 
 Senator bearing the same name ; in his fifteenth 
 year he eutered the Military Academy at West Point 
 as a Cadet, but after two years was obliged to resign 
 on account of an affection of the eyes ; he subse- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 219 
 
 jueiitly resumed study in his father's office and 
 in-epared himself for the legal profession ; devoting 
 special attention to the French and Spanish languages; 
 Ji 183(J he was admitted to the bar in New Orleans, 
 ivhere he had long intended to locate ; in 1837 he was 
 ittacked by the yellow fever, and returned to New- 
 port to recruit his health ; then practiced law in Prov- 
 deuce until 1839, when various circumstances induced 
 lini to accept a clerkship in the Department of State 
 it Washington, acting chiefly as a translator ; in 1853 
 le was made Chief Clerk by Daniel Webster ; in 1853 
 le was offered the position of First Assistant Secre- 
 ;ary but declined ; and in 1866 he was appointed 
 second Assistant Secretary of the Department, which 
 16 accepted and in which he still continues. 
 
 Hunter, WiUiani F. — He was born in Alexan- 
 iria, Virginia, December 10, 1808 ; had few educa- 
 :ional advantages ; practiced the trade of a cabinet- 
 naker, until 1840 ; and, having studied law, removed 
 ;o Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 ;hat State from 1849 to 1853 ; since which time he has 
 ievoted himself to his profession. 
 
 Hunter, William H. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Hnntitigton, Abel. — He was born in Norwich, 
 C'onnecticut, but at an early age removed to East 
 Hampton, Long Island, and for sixty years was a 
 practicing physician. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837. He was 
 Collector of Sag Harbor, under President Polk ; and 
 member of the " New York Constitutional Conven- 
 tion " of 1846. He died at East Hampton, May 18, 
 1858, aged eighty -two years. 
 
 Huntinyton, Seiijiiniin. — Was a native of 
 Norwich, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1761, and practiced law in his native town. He was 
 a Judge of the Superior Court of the State from 1798 
 to 1798, and was a member of the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1780 to 1784, and also from 1787 to 1788 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress under the Constitu- 
 tion from 1790 to 1791. He was Mayor of Norwich 
 for twelve years, and he died in 1800. Received from 
 Dartmouth College the degree of LL.B. 
 
 Hiitifiu(/ton, Ebenezer, — He was bom in Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, December 36, 1754 ; and died 
 there June 17, 1834, aged ninety seven years. He 
 graduated at Yale College in 1775 ; joined the army the 
 same year as a volunteer ; was soon commissioned as a 
 Lieutenant ; in 1776 he was appointed a Captain, and 
 also Deputy Adjutant-General ; in 1777 a Major ; in 
 1779 a Lieutenant-Colonel ; and he was present at the 
 surrender of Corn wal lis, at Yorktown. He was twice 
 elected to Congress from Connecticut, serving from 
 1810 to 1811, and again from 1817 to 1819. In 1799 
 he was, at the recommendation of Washington, ap- 
 pointed a Brigadier-General in the army raised by 
 Congress when expectations were entertained of a 
 war with France. He was one of the most eflScient 
 men in the army. 
 
 Hunfinfffon, Elisha JVJ.— He was bom in New 
 
 York, and in 1841 he was appointed Commissioner of 
 the General Land OflBice, holding the position until 
 1843. 
 
 Huntington, E. 3T.— He was an emigrant from 
 New England to Indiana, and about the year 1844 
 ^\as appointed United States Judge for the District of 
 Indiana, residing at Terre Haute. 
 
 Huntington, Jnhez TF.— Born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut, November 8, 1788, and graduated at 
 Yale College in 1806. He studied law at Litchfield, 
 
 and commenced to practice there, where he remained 
 thirty years. In 1838 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and in 1839 was a Representative in Con- 
 gress ; which office he filled until 1834, when he 
 removed to Norwich, and became a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Errors, and was chosen a Judge of 
 the Superior Court of his State. He was a Senator 
 in Congress from 1840 until his death, which occur- 
 red at Norwich, November 1, 1847. 
 
 Huntington, Samuel. — ^He was bom in Wind- 
 ham, Connecticut, July 3, 1733 ; although not liber- 
 ally educated, he acquired a knowledge of law and 
 early came to the bar ; settled in Norwich and became 
 eminent in his profession ; in 1764 he was elected to 
 the General Assembly of the State ; in 1765 was ap- 
 pointed King's Attorney ; in 1774 was appointed a 
 Judge of the Superior Court ; in 1775 elected to the 
 Council ; was a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, and of the Articles of Confederation ; was 
 a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1767 
 to 1784, serving as President in 1779 ; in 1784 he was 
 appointed Chief Justice ; and he was Governor of the 
 State of Connecticut from 1786 to 1796, and died 
 January 5, in the latter year. 
 
 Huntington, Samuel, — Born in Coventry, 
 Connecticut, October 4, 1765 ; was educated by his 
 uncle, Governor Samuel, of Windham, Connecticut, 
 and graduated at Yale College in 1785 ; was admitted 
 to the bar in 1793,; removed to Ohio in 1800 and set- 
 tled near Painesville. He was a Judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas in 1803 and 1803 ; member of the 
 Convention that framed the Constitution of the State 
 in 1803 ; a Senator in the first Legislature and chosen 
 Speaker ; a Judge of the Superior Court, appointed 
 April 3, 1803 ; afterwards Chief Justice ; Governor 
 frork 1808 to 1810 ; member of the Legislature in 1811 
 and 1813 ; District Paymaster in the War of 1813, 
 with rank of Colonel. Died in Painesville, Ohio, 
 June 8, 1817. 
 
 Huntington, Samuel. — He was a Judge of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Michigan. 
 
 Hun ton, Eppa. — He was born in Fauquier Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, September 33, 1833 ; studied and prac- 
 ticed law ; was State Attorney for the county of 
 Prince William from 1849 up to 1863 ; elected to the 
 State Convention in 1861 ; entered the Confederate 
 Army as Colonel of the Eighth Virginia Infantry ; 
 promoted after the battle of Gettysburg, and served 
 through the war as Brigadier-General ; was captured 
 at Sailor's Creek, in 18(i5, and imprisoned in Fort War- 
 ren ; and was elected to the Forty-third and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses, ser\'ing on the Committee on Mili- 
 tary Affairs and Monuments. In December, 1875, he 
 was a])pointed Chairman of the Committee on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions. 
 
 Hunton, Jfonathan G. — Bom at Unity, New 
 Hampshire, in 1781 ; was Governor of Maine in 1830 
 and 1831. Died in Fairfield, Maine, October 14, 1851. 
 
 Huntsman, Adam. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and a Representative in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Hurd, Frank Hunt.— Bom in Mount Vernon, 
 December 35, 1841 ; graduated at Kenyon College in 
 1858 ; adopted the profession of law ; was made a 
 countv prosecuting attorney in 1863 ; a State Senator 
 in 1866 ; codified the Criminal Code of Ohio in 1868, 
 which was duly published ; and in 1874 he was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Hurlbut, Stephen A. — He was born in Charles- 
 
2-JO 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ton, South Carolina, November 29, 1815 ; liberally 
 educated; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 
 1837 ; removed to Illinois, settling at Belvidere ; was 
 elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1847 ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; a member of the Leg- 
 islature in 1859, 1861, and 1867 ; Presidential Elector 
 in 1868 ; appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers 
 in 1861 ; commanded the Fourth Division at Pitts- 
 burg Landing, in 1863 ; was promoted Major-Gen- 
 eral in 1863 ; assigned to the commands of the Six- 
 teenth Army Corps at Memphis, and the Department 
 of the Gulf in 1864 ; was Minister Resident to the 
 United States of Colombia from 1869 to 1873 ; and 
 elected to the Forty -third Congress, and re-elected to 
 the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committees on Rail- 
 ways and Canals, Civil Service and Mississippi 
 Levees. 
 
 Hutching, <John. — Born in Vienna Township, 
 Trumbull County, Ohio, July 25, 1812 ; was chiefly 
 educated by private tutors, although he spent one 
 year at the Western Reserve College ; studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1837 ; in 1838 was ap- 
 pointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for 
 Trumbull County, holding the position five years ; in 
 1849 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; served 
 a number of years as a Bank Director ; and in 1858 
 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sev- 
 enth Congrecs, serving as Chairman of the Committee 
 on Manufactures. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Hufchins, Wells ^.— Was born in Hartford, 
 Trumbull County, Ohio, October 8, 1818 ; received 
 a common-school education ; taught school for sev- 
 eral years in Ohio and Indiana ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in his twenty-third year ; was elected 
 to the Ohio Legislature in 1851 ; in 1863 he was ap- 
 pointed one of the six Provost-Marshals for Ohio ; 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Hutson, Richard. — He graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1865 ; was a Delegate from South Car- 
 olina to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, 
 and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confed- 
 eration. 
 
 Jluillei',tTohti. — He was born in New York, and, 
 having become a citizen of New Jersey, was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 that State, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Agriculture. Died in New York, January 9, 1870. 
 
 Hyde, Ira J>. — He was bom in Guilford, New 
 York, January 18, 1838 ; received his ed,ucation at 
 Oberlin College, Ohio ; studied law and came to the 
 bar in the spring of 1861, at St. Paul, Minnesota ; 
 entered the Union Army in a Minnesota Cavalry regi- 
 ment in 1863 ; removed to Missouri in 1866, and en- 
 gaged in the practice of law ; was appointed Secre- 
 tary and Attorney of a railroad in 1868 ; was prose- 
 cuting Attorney in 1873 ; and elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
 tions. 
 
 Hynian.fJohn Adams. — Bom in Warrenton, 
 North Carolina, of slave parents, July 23, 1840 ; was 
 self-educated, and after his emancipation, in 1865, 
 was engaged in mercantile pursuits. In the year last 
 named he became a member of the Board of Educa- 
 tion for Warren County ; was a member of the Equal 
 Rights Convention of 1866 ; of the State Constitution- 
 al Convention of 1868 ; served in the State Legisla- 
 ture from 1868 to 1874 ; and was elected a Represent- 
 
 ative from North Carolina to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. He was Vice-President of the State Council o( 
 the Union League during its existence in North Car- 
 olina ; and a Delegate to all the State Republican 
 Conventions which have assembled since the year 
 1865. 
 
 Hjjneman, John M. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813, 
 when he resigned, and D. Udree was elected in his 
 place. He was a member of the Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1809. In 1810 was commissioned Clerk of 
 the Orphans' Court of Berks County, and remained in 
 that office for six years. In 1814 was commissioned 
 County Surveyor, and remained in that office for ten 
 years. 
 
 Hynes, William ,T. — Was bom in the County 
 of Clare, Ireland, March 31, 1843 ; came to the United 
 States in 1854 ; was educated in public and private 
 schools until sixteen years of age ; learned the art of 
 printing in the office of the SpringfielH Republican, 
 Massachusetts, and has been a printer, lecturer, and 
 editor ; was a student at the law lectures at Colum- 
 bia College in 1869 ; admitted to the bar of Little 
 Rock, Arkansas, In 1870, and was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Public Expenditures and Territories. In 1875 he re- 
 moved to Illinois, locating in Chicago as a lawyer. 
 
 Hirie, Peter.- — He was a native of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1829 to 1833. 
 
 Ilsley, Daniel. — Bom in Falmouth, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1740 ; was a distiller by occupation ; served 
 three years in the State Legislature ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from >Iassachusetts, from 1807 
 to 1809. Died in 1813. 
 
 Imlay, .James H. — He graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1786 ; was, for a time, tutor in that institu- 
 tion ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Jersey from 1797 to 1801. 
 
 Ingalls, John tTrtWies.— He was bom in Mid- 
 dleton, Massachusetts, December 29, 1833 ; educated 
 at Williams College ; studied law, and admitted to 
 the bar in 1857 ; removed to Kansas in 1858 ; was a 
 member of the Wyandot Convention 1859 ; Secretary 
 of the Territorial Council in 1860 ; Secretary of the 
 State Senate in 1861 ; a member of the State Senate 
 in 1862 ; editor of The Atchison Champion, in 
 1863 ; was defeated for Lieutenant-Governor in 1863, 
 and again in 1864 ; engaged in the practice of law ; 
 was elected to the United States Senate for the term 
 commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on 
 the committees on Pensions, Education and Labor, 
 and Indian Afiairs. 
 
 In€fe, Samuel jr.— He was bom in North 
 Carolina, and on removing to Alabama, was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1847 to 1851. Subsequently removed to California 
 and practiced law. 
 
 Inge, William 3/.— He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Imjersoll, Charles Anthony.— Bomin New 
 
 Haven Connecticut, in 1798 ; studied law in the 
 office of his brother, Ralph J. ; attained eminence in 
 his profession ; held several offices of honor, and was 
 appointed Judge of the United States District Court 
 of Connecticut by President Pierce. Died in New 
 I Haven, February 9, 1860. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 221 
 
 Iiif/ersoll, Charles ,T. — Born iu Philadelphia, 
 Dctober 3, 1783 ; received a liberal education ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United States 
 District Attorney for Pennsylvania, which he held 
 intil 1829. In 18137 he was appointed Secretary of 
 Legation to Prussia. He was afterwards re-elected 
 I Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1847, 
 ierving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
 iffairs. He published a "History of the Second 
 imerican War with Great Britain," and several other 
 ;\orks of minor importance, including some poetry, 
 tie also served as a member of various Internal Im- 
 jrovement Conventions ; and in 1847 was appointed 
 3y President Polk Minister to France, but was rejected 
 >j the Senate. Died in Philadelphia, May 14, 1863. 
 Vf&s brotlier of Joseph K. Ingersoll. 
 
 Ingersoll, Charles R, — Bom in New Haven, 
 I'onnecticut, in 1820 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ; was 
 'requently elected to the State Legislature : and was 
 Governor of Connecticut from 1873 to 1876. His 
 'ather, Ralph J., and his brother Colin M. were both 
 Sepresentatives in Congress. 
 
 Ingeraoll, Colin HI. — He was born in Connecti- 
 ;ut in 1820 ; received a liberal education, and adopt- 
 ;d the profession of law ; was Secretary of Legation 
 It St. Petersburg, by appointment of President Polk ; 
 ind was a Representative in Congress from Connecti- 
 ;ut, from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Ingemoll, Ebon C. — Bom in Oneida County, 
 Mew York, December 12, 1831 ; removed with his 
 father to Illinois in 1843 ; finished his education at 
 Paducah, Kentucky ; studied law, and came to the 
 bur in 1854 ; in 1856 he was elected to the Illinois 
 Legislature ; and in 1864 he was elected a Represen- 
 tative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 for the unexpired term of Owen Lovejoy ; re-elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia. Also re- 
 slected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses 
 continuing at the head of his old committee, while 
 serving on various others. 
 
 Ingersoll, ,Iared. — He was bom in 1749 ; grad- 
 uated at Yale College in 1766 ; attained high rank as 
 a lawyer ; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the 
 Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781 ; Member of 
 the Convention which framed the Federal Constitu- 
 tion, and signed that instrument ; was for many 
 years Attorney-General for Pennsylvania ; and Judge 
 of the District Court of the United States at the 
 time of his death, which occurred in 1822. In 1813 
 he was the Federal candidate for the office of Vice- 
 President ; and he received from Yale College the 
 degree of LL.D. 
 
 Ingersoll, Jonathan, — Born in Ridgefield, 
 Connecticut, in 1746 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1766 ; was a successful lawyer and a Judge from 
 1798 to 1801 ; and Lieutenant-Governor in 1816. Re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 
 1817. Died January 12, 1833. 
 
 Ingersoll. Joseph ij.— Bom in Philadelphia, 
 June 14, 1780 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1804 ; a lawyer by profession, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsj'lvania from 1835 to 
 1837 ; and from 1842 to 1849, and for a time Chair- 
 man of the Judiciary Committee. He was appointed 
 by President Fillmore, in 1852, Minister to England. 
 The titles of LL.D. and D.C.L. Oxon., were conferred 
 upon him. Died in Philadelphia, February 30, 18G8. 
 
 Ingersoll, Ralph J. — He was born in New 
 
 Haven, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1808 ; served in the Legislature of Connecticut sever- 
 al years ; was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1825 to 1833 ; in that year he was ap- 
 pointed Attorney for the State ; and was appointed 
 by President Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to Rus- 
 sia. Died in New Haven, August 27, 1872. 
 
 Ingham, Samuel.— Re was bom in Hebron, 
 Connecticut, September 5, 1793 ; received a good Eng- 
 lish education in Vermont, and studied law iu Con- 
 necticut, having been admitted to the bar in 1815, 
 and in 1817 he settled at Saybrook, which has since 
 been his home. From 1827 to 1835 he was State's At- 
 torney for the County of Middlesex, and again in 1843 
 and 1844 ; he was a Judge of Probate from 1829 to 
 1833 ; Judge of the Middlesex County Court from 
 1849 to 1853 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Connecticut from 1835 to 1839, having officiated 
 lis Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and 
 as a member of the Committee on Commerce. He 
 also served a number of years in the Senate and 
 House of Representatives of Connecticut, three years 
 as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of the House ; he 
 was appointed in 1837, by the State, as agent to pros- 
 ecute certain claims against the United States, and 
 was successful ; and in 1857 he was apjiointed by 
 President Buchanan Commissioner of Customs. In 
 1854 he was a candidate for the office of United 
 States Senator, and received the entire vote of his 
 party in the Legislature, but Senator Foster was 
 elected. 
 
 Ingham, Samuel D, — He was bom in Penn- 
 sylvania, September 16, 1779 : received a good educa- 
 tion ; had the management for some years of a paper- 
 mill in Eastern New Jersey ; served three years in 
 the Pennsylvania Legislature ; held for a time the 
 office of Prothonotary to one of the Courts of that 
 State ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to 
 1829, serving as Chairman of several Committees, 
 when he was appointed by President Jackson Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury. Died at Trenton, New Jersey, 
 June 5, 1860. 
 
 Innes, Harrg. — Bom in Caroline County, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1763 ; in 1776 and 1777 he was employed by 
 the Committee of Safety of Virginia to superintend 
 Chipil's lead mines ; in 1779 lie was appointed by the 
 Virginia Legislature to settle land claims in the Ab- 
 ingdon district ; in 1783 was chosen Judge of the 
 Supreme Court for the District of Kentucky ; in 1785 
 and 1787 was Attorney-General of that State ; Judge 
 of the United States District Court for Kentucky from 
 1787 till his death. In 1791 he was one of the Local 
 Board of War to call out the militia on expeditions 
 against the Indiana. He died in Franlvfort, Ken- 
 tucky, September 20, 1816. 
 
 Iredell, James, — Bom in Chowan County, 
 North Carolina, in 1788, and graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1806. He was for several years in the Leg- 
 islature of that State, part of the time Speaker of the 
 House ; in 1813 commanded a Company of Volunteers, 
 who went to Norfolk to repel the British ; in 1819 he 
 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court ; in 1837 
 was elected Governor of North Carolina ; and was a 
 Senator in Congress from 1828 to 1831. Toward the 
 close of his life he was a Reporter of the Decisions of 
 the Supreme Court, and died at Edenton, April 13, 
 1853. 
 
 Irish, George. — He was born in 1791 ; educated 
 for the bar, and was for many years a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Mississippi, where he died Septem- 
 ber 17, 1836. 
 
222 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Irfin, Afe.ranfJer. — He was bom in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from" that 
 State from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Irvin, David. — He was appointed a Judge of 
 the United States for the Territory of Wisconsin in 
 1837 ; and although the records show that David Er- 
 win had previously been a Judge for the Territory of 
 Michigan, it is presumed the two names represent the 
 same man. 
 
 li'vin, James. — He was born in Pennsj-lvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1845. 
 
 Irvin, William TT. — He was a member of the i 
 State Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1829 to 1833. He died at Lancaster, 
 Ohio, April, 1842. 
 
 Irvine, William. — Born in Ireland; educated 
 for the medical profession ; served as Surgeon on 
 board a British ship, in the war which began in 1754, 
 and after the peace of 1763, settled at Carlisle, Penn- 
 sylvania. In 1774 he was a member of the " State 
 Convention ; " in 1776 he served in Canada, and ac- 
 companied Colonel Thompson from Sorelle to dislodge 
 the enemy from Trois Rivic'res ; but was taken pris- 
 oner June 16, and remained as such at Queljec until 
 exchanged in 1778. On his release he was promoted 
 to the command of the Second Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment, and in 1781 the defense of the North-western 
 frontier was intrusted to him, and he attained the 
 rank of JIajor-General. He was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress, after 
 the war, from 1703 to 1795. He was a Commissioner 
 during the Whisky Insurrection of 1794, and re- 
 moved shortly after to Philadelphia, and was ap- 
 pointed Superintendent of Military Stores. He died 
 July 30, 1804, aged sixty-three years. He was also a 
 Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con- 
 gress from 1786 to 1788. 
 
 Irvine, Williatn, — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia. 
 
 Irvitiff, Washington. — He was born in the 
 city of New York, April 3, 1783 ; received an ordi- 
 nary school education ; in his sixteenth year he 
 began the study of law, and in his nineteenth, 
 became a writer for the local press ; in 1804 he 
 visited Europe for his health, where he spent 
 two years ; on his return to America, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, but never practiced the pro- 
 fession of law. In 1807 he began his career as an 
 author by projecting a serial work called " Salma- 
 gundi," and his last work, the " Life of George 
 Washington," was completed and published in 18o9. 
 Between these two dates, he produced a large num- 
 ber of works, in all the departments of polite litera- 
 ture, which were eminently successful, and placed 
 him in the front rank of American authors. The only 
 public positions ever accepted by Mr. Irving were 
 those of Secretary of Legation to England in 1829, and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain in 1842, and it was 
 during his prolonged residence in this latter country 
 that he collected the materials for several of his more 
 important productions. By his pure character and 
 rare abilities he won the universal respect and affec- 
 tion of his countrymen, and died on November 28, 18.59, 
 at his residence, known as " Sunuyside," beautifully 
 located on the Hudson River, which was the tlieme 
 of some of his most delightful writings. His writings 
 are too numerous even to be specified in a brief record 
 like the present. 
 
 Irving, William. — He was bom in the city of 
 New York, August 16, 1766 ; from 1787 to 1791 was 
 an Indian trader on the Mohawk ; was subsequently a 
 merchant in New York city, and a Representative" in 
 Congress from 1813 to 1819, and a member of the 
 Committee on Commerce and Manufactures. He was 
 a brother of Washington Irving, for whose "Salma- 
 gundi " he wrote several poems and essays. He was 
 distinguished for his colloquial powers, and was a 
 popular as well as an influential member of Congress, 
 but he resigned before the expiration of his term, on 
 account of his health. He died November 9, 1821. 
 
 Irwin, Jared. — Born in Mecklenburg County, 
 North Carolina, in 1751 ; removed to Georgia at the 
 age of seven ; was for many years on the Indian fron- 
 tier, and during the latter part of the Revolutionary 
 War, was actively employed against the Tories and 
 Indians, At the close of the war he was a member of 
 the State Legislature, and of the Convention which 
 adopted the United States Constitution in 1789 ; Gov- 
 ernor of the State from 1796 to 1798 ; President of the 
 State Constitutional Convention in 1798 ; and many 
 years member and President of the State Senate ; 
 was again Governor from 1806 to 1809 ; remo\'ing to 
 Pennsylvania, he was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1813 to 1817. Died at Union, 
 Washington County, Georgia, March 1, 1818. Mr. 
 A. H. Stephens of Georgia informed the compiler that 
 Governor Irwin did not remove to Pennsylvania and 
 was not in Congress, but a man bearing his name was 
 certainly in Congress from Pennsylvania. 
 
 Irivin, Tliomas. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1829 to 1831, and was in the latter year ap- 
 pointed by President Jackson United States judge of 
 the Western District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Irivin, William. — He was bora in Ohio, and 
 after receiving a good education removed to Califor- 
 nia in 1852 ; turned his attention to the newspaper 
 business, and became editor of the Treka Unimi ; 
 served several times in the State Legislature : when 
 a vacancy occurred in the Governorship in February, 
 1875, he was chosen President of the Senate, and act- 
 ing Lieutenant-Governor ; and at the ensuing election 
 in September he was elected Governor of California. 
 
 Irivin, William W. — He was a member of 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843 ; and 
 from 1843 to 1847 he was Charge d'Affaires of the 
 United States to Denmark. He died in Pittsburg, 
 September 15, 1856. 
 
 IsacliS, Jacob C — He was born in Montgomery 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1833. 
 
 Iverson, Alfred. — Bom in Burke County, 
 Georgia, December 3, 1798 ; graduated at Princeton 
 
 College in 1820 ; a lawyer by profession ; served 
 three years as a member of the House of Representa- 
 tives and one year as Senator in tbe Legislature of 
 Georgia. Twice elected Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of that State for t«rms of tliree and four years ; was 
 one of the Electors at Large in the Presidential Elec- 
 tion of 1844 ; elected a Representative to the Thirti- 
 eth Congress, and served two years. In 1854 he was 
 elected to the United States Senate for six years from 
 March 4. 1855, and for a long time acted as Chainnan 
 of the Committee on Claims, and as a member of the 
 Committee on Military Affairs and the Pacific Rail- 
 road. Withdrew in February, 1861 and joined the 
 great Rebellion. 
 
 Ires, .Joseph C- — He was bom in New York ; 
 appointed to the United States Army from Connect!- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 223 
 
 cut ; and while a Lieutenant he explored, in 1857 and 
 1858, the Colorado River of the West, the results of 
 which were published in 1861, in quarto form, and 
 extensively illustrated. That volume, mth one by 
 Professor J. W. Powell, on the same region, pub- 
 lished in 1875, constitute a complete account of very 
 great interest to men of science. 
 
 Ives, Willard. — He was born in Watertown, 
 New York, July 7, 1806 ; received a good English ed- 
 ucation ; is a farmer by occupation ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1851 to 
 1853. In 1846 he was elected by the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church a Delegate to the " Christian World's 
 Convention," which was held in London. 
 
 Izard, George. — Born in South Carolina in 1777; 
 received a classical education, and made a tour of 
 Europe ; he was appointed Lieutenant of Artillery in 
 17'J4 ; Engineer of Fortifications in Charleston Harbor 
 in 1798 ; Captain in 1799 ; aid to General Hamilton in 
 1799, resigned in 1803 ; on the breaking out of the 
 war of 1813 he was appointed Colonel of Second Artil- 
 lery ; Brigadier General in 1813 ; Major-General in 
 1814 ; disbanded 1815 ; was Governor of Arkansas 
 Territorv from 1825 to his death, which occurred at 
 Little Rock, November 23, 1828. He published " Of- 
 ficial Correspondence with the War Department in 
 1814 and 1815." He was the son of Raljih Izard. 
 
 IsfU'd, IHark IV, — He was appointed Governor 
 of the Territory of Nebraska in 1854, and remained 
 in otfice until 1857. 
 
 Izfirtl, Rfifph. — Born near Charleston, South 
 Carolina, in 1742 ; graduated at Cambridge University, 
 England ; his grandfather was one of the founders 
 of South Carolina, and he inherited a large estate in 
 land and slaves ; he visited England in 1771, and the 
 Continent in 1774. He made a second visit to France, 
 and was appointed by Congress Commissioner at the 
 Court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and resided in 
 Paris. He sided with Arthur Lee against Silas Deane, 
 Franklin and the other American agents in France ; 
 he returneji to America July 10, 1780 ; was instru- 
 mental in obtaining General Greene's appointment to 
 the Southern Army, and pledged his large estate for 
 the purchase of ships of war in Europe ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1783 ; 
 United States Senator from 1789 to 1795 ; President 
 of the Senate pro tem. during the first session of the 
 Third Congress ; and was a distinguished and elo- 
 quent statesmen. la the judgment of Washington no 
 man was more honest in public life. His correspond- 
 ence from 1774 to 1784, with a memoir, was published 
 by his daughter in 1844. Died at South Bay, near 
 Charleston, May 30, 1804. 
 
 •TftrJ{, If 'if Ham, — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Jaeknon, Andreiv, — Bom at Warsaw Settle- 
 ment, North Carolina, March. 15, 1767. When four- 
 teen years of age he left the academy where he had 
 been placed and entered the Revolutionary Army, 
 and at the age of twenty-one established himself as a 
 lawyer in Western North Carolina. When that part 
 of the country became a Territory in 1790, President 
 Washington appointed him Attorney of the United 
 States for the new district. When said Territory was 
 formed into the State of Tennessee, he was a member 
 of the Convention which drew up the new Constitution, 
 and he was immediately chosen a Representative in 
 Congress, serving one term, when he was transferred to 
 the United States Senate, where he continued until 
 1798. His next public position was thatof Judge of the 
 Supreme Court ; and having been chosen Major-Gene- 
 
 ral of one of the divisions of the Tennessee Militia, he 
 retained the office until 1814, when he went into the 
 regular army with the same rank. He was assigned to 
 the command of the army at New Orleans, and January 
 8, 1815, obtained his famous victory over the British. 
 In 1817 and 1818 he conducted the Seminole War in 
 Florida, and soon after retired from the army ; in 
 1823 he was again elected a Senator in Congress, and 
 remained there two years, having declined the mis- 
 sion to Mexico in 1823 ; he was elected President in 
 1828, and re-elected in 1833. The events which 
 marked his administration were the difficulties with 
 France, the Suppression of the Nullification Move- 
 ment in South Carolina, the Indian War in F"lorida, 
 and the removal of the deposits from the United States 
 Bank. He retired to private life in 1836, and in the 
 peaceful shades of the Hermitage in Tennessee he 
 died, June 8, 1845. That he was a remarkable man 
 is the undisputed verdict of his countrymen through- 
 out the Union. 
 
 tTacJtSOn, Charles, — Born in Newburyport, Mas- 
 sachusetts, May 81, 1775 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1793 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 practice in Essex County in 1796 ; and became emi- 
 nent in his profession ; in 1803 he removed to Boston; 
 was Judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Court from 
 1813 to 1834 ; member of the State C^onstitutional 
 Convention in 1820 ; and in 1833 was one of the com- 
 missioners to codify the State Laws ; he published 
 a treatise upon the ' ' Pleadings and Practice in Real 
 Actions," 1838. Died in Boston, Massachusetts, De- 
 cember 13, 1855. 
 
 'Tarkson, Charles, — He was Governor of Rhode 
 Island for one year beginning with 1845. He died in 
 Providence, January 21, 1876, in the seventy-ninth 
 year of his age. 
 
 tlacksoti, Claiborne F, — Born in Fleming 
 County, Kentucky, April 4, 1807 ; emigrated to Mis- 
 souri in 1823 ; served as Captain in the Black Hawk 
 War ; served for twelve years in the State Legislature, 
 and for a time as Speaker ; was a prime mover in or- 
 ganizing the banking institutions of that State, and a 
 Bank Commissioner ; and in 1860 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of Missouri ; left the State on the approach of 
 the Federal Anny and was deposed by a State Con- 
 vention ; afterwards served for a short time as a Gen- 
 eral in the Confederate Anuy, and died at Little Rock, 
 Arkansas, December 6, 1863. 
 
 Jackson, David, — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1785 
 to 1786. 
 
 Jackson, David S, — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1848. 
 
 Jackson, Ebenezer, Jr. — He was born in Con- 
 necticut, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State to fill an unexpired term, from 1834 to 1835. 
 
 Jackson, Edicard 11. — He was bom in Harrison 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative, in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1830 to 1823, his first term 
 having been in continuation of that filled by James 
 Pingale, resigned. Died September 8, 1836. 
 
 .Jackson, Hancock, — He was acting Governor 
 of Missouri in 1857. 
 
 .Tackson, Ilenrij. — Bom in Devonshire, Eng- 
 land, in 1778 ; emigrated to America at the age of 
 twelve years, and was educated bj' his brother Gene- 
 ral James Jackson ; he was Professor of Mathematics 
 and Natural Philosophy in the University of Georgia 
 
334 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 from 1811 to 1814, and from 1817 to 1828 ; was Secre- 
 tary of Legation to France under William H. Craw- 
 ford, Minister ; and on his return and the appointment 
 of Gallatin to France, he remained in the Legation 
 as Charge d' Affaires until 1817, during which interval 
 Gallatin was engaged in special negotiations vfith 
 Great Britain. Received the degrees of LL.D., and 
 M. D. , from Philadelphia College. Died near Athens, 
 Georgia, April 26, 1840. 
 
 Jackson, Jlenry Sootes. — Bom in Athens, 
 Georgia, June 24, 1820 ; commenced his education at 
 Franklin College, Athens, Georgia ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1889 ; was admitted to the bar and was 
 several years United States District Attorney for the 
 State ; he was also at one time one of the editors of 
 the Sneannnh Georgian ; was Colonel of a Georgia 
 Regiment in the Mexican War ; was a Judge of the 
 Eastern Circuit from 1849 to 1853, when he was ap- 
 pointed Charge d'Affaires to Vienna, Austria ; and 
 from 1854 to 1858 was Minister Resident ; he was a 
 Southern Brigadier-General during the beginning of 
 the Rebellion, and had a command on the Upper Po- 
 tomac ; was the author of " TalluUah," and other 
 poems. 
 
 J'achson, Isaac Rand. — He was a citizen of 
 Pennsylvania; in 1841 he was appointed Charge d'Af- 
 faires to Denmark, and died in otEce, July 37, 1843. 
 
 tTacJiSon, Jabez.- — He was born in Georgia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1836 to 1839. 
 
 fTackson , James. — Born in Devon, England, in 
 1757, and came to this country in 1773. Early in the 
 American Revolution he joined the army ; in 1778 was 
 made Brigade-Major ; and in 1781 commanded the 
 Legionary Corps of the State of Georgia. When the 
 British evacuated Savannah, July 13, 1783, he re- 
 ceived the keys. For his various services, the Assem- 
 bly of the State presented him with a house and lot 
 in Savannah. On the return of j^eBte he engaged 
 with success in the practice of law f in 1780 he fought 
 a duel with Lieutenant-Governor Wells, \\hom he 
 slew, but was wounded himself in both knees. He 
 lie was a member of the Convention which formed the 
 first Constitution of Georgia. He was chosen a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress in 1789 from Georgia; and after 
 the close of his first term he successfulqMfipptested 
 the seat of Anthony Wayne ; and in 179. 
 chosen a Senator, which office he resigned in T795. 
 He was one of tlios^ who voted for locating the Seat 
 of Government on the Potomac. He was Major-Gen- 
 eral of the Georgia Militia, and Governor of the State 
 from 1798 till his election as Senator in 1801. He 
 died March 18, 1806, aged forty-eight years. 
 
 •JacJi'son, JTaines. — He was bom in Jefferson 
 County, Georgia, in 1819 ; graduated at the Univer- 
 sity of Georgia in 1837 ; and having studied law, 
 commenced the practice in 1840. In 1842 he was 
 elected Secretary of the Senate of Georgia, holding 
 the office one year ; in 1845 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, and re-elected to the same position 
 in 1847 ; in 1849 he was chosen by the Legislature 
 Judge of the Western Circuit of his State, and was 
 elected to the same office by the people in 1853, and 
 again in 1857. In June of that year he was nomi- 
 nated for Congress, resigned his judgeship, and in 
 October following was elected a Representative to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Claims and Revolutionary Claims. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Resigned in 
 February, 1861, and returned to Georgia. 
 
 Jackson, James S. — He was born in Madison 
 County, Kentucky, and adopted the profession of law ; 
 
 he served in the Mexican War as a Captain of Volun- 
 teers. In 1861 he was elected a Representative from 
 Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; but while 
 the Rebellion was progressing, he recruited a regi- 
 ment of Kentucky Cavalry ; was subsequently ap- 
 pointed a Brigadier-General, and was killed at the 
 battle of Perryville in 1863, while fighting in the ser- 
 vice of his country. 
 
 Jackson, John O. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1795 to 1797, from 1799 
 to 1810, and again from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Jackson, John J., Jr. — He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia, from which State he was appointed, in 1861, 
 United States Judge for the District of West Virginia, 
 residing at Parkersburg ; and he had previously held 
 the same office in Virginia. 
 
 Jackson, Jonathan. — He was bom in Boston 
 in 1743 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1761 ; was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1783 ; United 
 States Marshal from 1789 to 1791 ; Treasurer of Mas- 
 sachusetts from 1802 to 1806 ; and he was Treasurer 
 of Harvard College from 1807 untU his death, which 
 occurred in 1810. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph TV. — He was frequently a 
 member of the City Council of Savannah ; at one time 
 Mayor of the city ; served a number of years in the 
 State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Georgia from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savan- 
 nah, December 28, 1854. 
 
 Jackson, Richard, Jr. — Bom in 1764, and 
 died at Providence, April 18, 1838. He was a member 
 of Congress from Rhode Island from 1808 to 1815. 
 In early life he was engaged in mercantile business, 
 and was among the first in this country who embarked 
 in the manufacture of cotton. He filled several im- 
 portant public offices, and was distinguished for his 
 benevolence. 
 
 Jackson, TJtomas B. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1837 to 1841 ; and was also for three 
 years a member of the Assembly of New York. 
 
 Jackson, Tl'illiatn. — He was bom in Massa- 
 chusetts, September 6, 1783, was one of the pioneers 
 enterprise in Massachusetts, and from 
 837, and 1841 to 1843, was a Representative 
 in Congress from that State. He was also a member 
 of the State Legislature from 1839 to 1833, and at the 
 time of his death. President of the Newton Bank. 
 He died at Newton, Massachusetts, February 27, 
 1855. He was an earnest advocate of Temperance 
 and Anti-Slavery. 
 
 Jackson, IV, T. — Bom in Chester, Orange 
 County, New York, December 39, 1794 ; received a 
 common-school education, and has been chiefly em- 
 jiloyed in mercantile business. He was Justice of 
 the Peace several years in Havana, New York, and 
 held the office of County Judge four years. In 1848 
 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and 
 served one term. 
 
 Jacob. John J, — He was born in Hampshire 
 County, Virginia (now West Virginia), December 9, 
 1839 ; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1849 ; studied and adopted the profession of law ; 
 was for several years connected with the State Uni- 
 versity of Missouri ; was a member of the West 
 Virginia Legislature in 1869 ; in 1870 he was elected 
 Governor of West Virginia for two years ; and he 
 was re-elected for the term of four years, beginning 
 with 1873. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 225 
 
 Jacob, Stephen. — Graduated at Tale College 
 in 1778 ; and was Chief Justice of Vermont. Died 
 at Windsor, Vermont, February, 1817, aged sixty- 
 one years. 
 
 Jacobs, Israel. — He was bom in Germany, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, 
 from 1791 to 1793. 
 
 Jacobs, Orange. — Bom in Livingston County, 
 New York, in 1829 ; removed with his father to 
 Michigan in 1831 ; was educated there, and is by pro- 
 fession a lawyer. In 1852 he emigrated to Oregon ; 
 was appointed Associate Justice of Supreme Court 
 of Washington Territory in 1869, and settled there. 
 In 1871 was appointed Chief Justice of the Territory ; 
 reappointed in 1874, and held that position when 
 elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Jacobs, S, D. — He was bom in North Carolina, 
 and in 1851 he was appointed from Tennessee First 
 Assistant Postmaster General, which position he held 
 untU 1853. 
 
 James, Charles T, — Was bom in West Green- 
 wich, Rhode Island, in 1806 ; received a limited edu- 
 cation ; early turned his attention to mechanics as 
 connected with the cotton interest ; wrote a series of 
 papers on the culture and manufacture of cotton in 
 the South ; received the degree of M.A. from Brown 
 University in 1838 ; and he was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from 1851 to 1857, from Rhode Island. He 
 subsequently invented a rifled cannon, and met his 
 death from the explosion of a shell of his own inven- 
 tion, while trying experiments at Sag Harbor, New 
 York, October 17, 1862. 
 
 James, Francis. — He was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 James, William H. — He was Govemor of 
 Nebraska from 1871 to 1873. 
 
 Jatneson, John. — He was bom in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri 
 from 1830 to 1831, and again from 1843 to 1845, and 
 for another term from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Janes, Henry F. — He was born at Brimfield, 
 Hampden County, Massachusetts, in October, 1792 ; 
 studied law in Montpelier, Vermont, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in Washington County in 1817, and 
 commenced to practice at Waterbury in that year. 
 From 1820 to 1830 he was Postmaster at Waterbury ; 
 he was a member of the Legislative Council from 
 
 1830 to 1834, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Vermont from 1834 to 1837. He was State 
 Treasurer from 1838 to 1841 ; a member of the Coun- 
 cil of Censors in 1848 ; and a member of the Legis- 
 lature, from Waterbury, in 1855 ; since which time 
 he has practiced his profession. 
 
 Jarnagin, Spencer. — Bom in Granger County, 
 Tennessee ; graduated at Greenville College in 1813 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1817 ; 
 and was United States Senator from Tennessee from 
 1841 to 1847. He died in Memphis, Tennessee, June 
 24, 1851. 
 
 Jarvis, Leonard. — He was bom in 1783 ; grad- 
 uated at Harvard University in 1800 ; and died in 
 Surry, Maine, September, 18, 1854. He was SheriS 
 of Hancock County from 1821 to 1829 ; Collector of 
 Customs for the Penobscot District from 1829 to 
 
 1831 ; and a Representative in Congress from Maine 
 from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 
 15 
 
 mittee on Naval Affairs. From 1838 to 1841 he held 
 the office of Navy Agent for the Port of Boston. 
 
 Jay, John, — Was born in New York, December 
 12, 1745 ; graduated at King's College in 1764 ; stud- 
 ied law and came to the bar in 1768 ; and was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, 
 and from 1778 to 1779. In 1770 he was recalled from 
 Congress to aid in forming the Governmeni of New 
 York, and for that reason he was not present to sign 
 the Declaration of Independence. From 1777 to 1779 
 he was Chief Justice of the State, but resigned to fill 
 the post of President of Congress ; in 1779 he was 
 appointed Minister to Spain ; was a Commissioner to 
 negotiate peace with England ; signed the definitive 
 treaty at Paris in 1783 ; and was appointed by Con- 
 gress Secretary of State. Though not a member, he 
 aided at the Convention which formed the Federal 
 Constitution ; he also assisted Hamilton and Madison 
 in editing the " Federalist ; " and in 1789 he was ap- 
 pointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court, which he resigned in 1794 to accept the mis- 
 sion to England, when he negotiated the treaty which 
 bears his name. He was Governor of New York from 
 1795 to 1801, after which he retired to private life. 
 Died in 1829. 
 
 Jay, John. — Bom in New York city, June 23, 
 1817 ; graduated at Columbia College in 1836 ; was 
 admitted to the bar in 1839 and practiced law ; was a 
 prominent member of the Union League Club of New 
 York ; for many years a Manager and Corresponding 
 Secretary of the New York Historical Society, and a 
 member of the American Geographical and Statistical 
 Society. Was the author of many anti-slavery ad- 
 dresses and pamphlets ; and pamphlets on matters 
 connected Avith the Episcopal Church ; also legal 
 arguments, political addresses, reports, etc. He was 
 appointed Minister to Austria, April, 1867. 
 
 Jayne, William. — Born in Springfield, Hlinois, 
 October 8, 1826 ; adopted the profession of medicine, 
 and practiced 11 years in Springfield ; in 1859 was 
 elected Mayor of that city ; was elected to the State 
 Senate in 1869 and 1861 ; during the latter year was 
 appointed Govemor of Dakota Territory ; and in 
 1862 he was elected a Delegate from Dakota to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress. After occupying his seat 
 for some time, he was superseded by J. B. S. Todd. 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas. — He was bom at Shad-- 
 well, Virginia, in 1743. His education was princi- 
 pally conducted by private tutors, although he passed 
 two years at the College of William and Mary. He- 
 adopted the law as his profession; was a mem>- 
 ber of the Legislature of Virginia from 1769 to the- 
 commencement of the American Revolution. In 
 1775 he was a Delegate in Congress ; and on May. 
 15, 1776, the Convention of Virginia instructed 
 their delegates to propose a Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. In June, Mr. Lee accordingly made the 
 motion, and it was voted that a committee be ap- 
 pointed to prepare one. The committee was elected 
 by ballot, and consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John 
 Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and 
 Robert R. Livingston. The Declaration was exclu- 
 sively the work of Jefferson, to whom the right of 
 draughting it belonged, as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee, though alterations and amendments were 
 made in it by Adams, Franklin, and other members 
 of the Committee, and afterwards by Congress. . Jef- 
 ferson retired from Congress September, 1776; and 
 took a seat in the Legislature of his State in October. 
 In 1779 he was chosen Governor, and held the- office 
 two years. He declined a foreign appointment In 
 1776, and again in 1781. He accepted the appoint- 
 ment of one of the Commissioners for negotiating 
 peace ; but before he sailed, news was received of ithe 
 
236 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 signing of the provisional treaty, and lie was excused 
 from proceeding on the mission. He returned to 
 Congress. In 1784 he wrote notes on the establish- 
 men.t of a monej'-unit, and of a coinage for the United 
 States ; in May of that year he was appointed, with 
 Adams an< Franklin, a Minister Plenipotentiary 
 to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign na- 
 tions. In 1785 he was Minister to the French Court. 
 In 1789 he returned to America, and received from 
 Washington the appointment of Secretary of State, 
 whicli he held till December, 1793, and then resigned. 
 In September, 1794, when an appointment was offered 
 him by \\'ashiugton, he replied, " No circumstance 
 will ever more tempt me to engage in anything pub- 
 lic." Notwithstanding this determination, he suffered 
 himself to be a candidate for President, and was 
 chosen Vice-President in 179G. At the election in 
 1801, he and Aaron Burr having an equal number of 
 electoral votes for President, the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, after a severe struggle, finally determined 
 in his favor. He was re-elected in 1803. At the end 
 of his second term he retired from office. He died 
 July 4, 1826, at one o'clock in the afternoon, just 
 fifty years from the date of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. Preparations had been made throughout 
 the United States to celebrate this day as a jubilee ; 
 and it is a most remarkable fact, that on the same 
 day John Adams, a signer with Jefferson of the Dec- 
 laration, and the second on the Committee for 
 draughting it, and his immediate predecessor in the 
 office of President, also died. Jefferson's publica- 
 tions were : " Summary View of the Rights of British 
 America," 1774; "Declaration of Independence," 
 1776 ; " Notes on Virginia," 1781 ; " Manual of Par- 
 liamentary Practice, for the Use of the Senate ; " 
 " Life of Captain Lewis," 1814 ; and some papers of 
 a philosophical character. His works, chiefly letters, 
 were first published by his grandson, Thomas Jeffer- 
 son Randolph, 18'39, and a complete edition, by oi'der 
 of Congress, in nine volumes, in 1853. 
 
 •TeffHes, Koafi. L. — Born in Pennsylvania 1828, 
 educated and admitted to the bar in Ohio, where he 
 practiced his profession until 1861, when he entered 
 the Military Service, and served during the Rebel- 
 lion, was Assistant Provost Marshal General of the 
 United States during 1864 and 1865, and Register of 
 the United States Treasury from September, 1867, to 
 March, 1869. 
 
 tTenchi'ft, Thomos A. — He was born in Provi- 
 dence, Rhode Island, in 1818 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1838 ; studied law and practiced the 
 profession until elected, in 1863. a Representative 
 from Rhode Island to the Thirty-eighih Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents, 
 and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt Law, 
 having drawn up the bill on that subject. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress ; serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Retrenchment, the death of President 
 Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committee on Pat- 
 ents, .and also Chairman of a Special Committee on 
 the Civil service. He was a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was 
 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Retrenchment and Revision of Laws. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on im- 
 portant Committees ; and died in Cumberland, Rhode 
 Island, jNovember 4, 1875. 
 
 Jenifer^ Daniel, of St. Thotnfi.i. — He was a 
 
 Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress 
 from 1778 to 1782, and was also a member of the 
 Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, 
 and signed that instrument. His son, bearing the 
 game name, was a member of the Federal Congress. 
 
 Jenifer, Daniel, — Was frequently a member 
 
 of the State Legislature of Maryland, and repre- 
 sented that State in Congress from 1831 to 1833, and 
 from 1835 to 1841. During the administrations of 
 Presidents Harrison and Tyler he was the United 
 States Minister to Austria. He died December 18, 
 1855, near Port Tobacco, Maryland. 
 
 Jenison, Silas II, — He was born in Shoreham, 
 Vermont, in 1791 ; Lieutenant Governor in 1835 ; and 
 elected Governor of Vermont from 1835 to 1841. 
 Died at Shoreham, Vermont, September 30, 1849. 
 
 'TenJtins, Albert G, — Was born in Cabell 
 County, Virginia, November 10, 1830 ; graduated at 
 Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and in law at Cam- 
 bridge, in 1850 ; never practiced law, but has been 
 devoted to agricultural pursuits ; was a member of 
 the Cincinnati "National Convention" in 1856 ; and 
 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on the Militia ; and also to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee. He 
 subsequently served as a Brigadier-General in the 
 Rebel service, and was kUled at the Battle of the 
 Wilderness. 
 
 •Jenlcins, Charles J, — He was Governor of 
 Georgia from 1865 to 1867. 
 
 ,Ieti7iins, I^entliel, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1823 to 1835. 
 
 ilenhins, Robert, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1807 to 1811. 
 
 tieilliltis, Timothy, — Born in Barre, Worcester 
 County, Massachusetts, January 29, 1799 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1824, practicing his profession in Oneida 
 County, New York ; he was District Attorney for that 
 county six years, and resigned the office on being 
 elected a Representative in the Twenty-ninth Con- 
 gress, and was re-elected to the Thirtieth and Thirty- 
 second. Died at Martinsburg, New York, December 
 24, 1859. 
 
 iTenks, George A. — Born in Jefferson County, 
 Pennsylvania, March 26, 1836 ; graduated at Jeffer- 
 son College in 1858 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1859 ; and has ever since been engaged in 
 the practice of his profession in the town of Brook- 
 ville ; and he was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. In De- 
 cember, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 ,Ienl:s, tToseph, — Born in Pawtucket, Rhode 
 Island, in 1656 ; was Deputy Governor of Rhode 
 Island, and afterward Governor from 1727 to 1732. 
 He was the tallest man in Rhode Island, standing 
 seven feet and two inches in his stockings. Died 
 June 10, 1740. 
 
 Jeiths, Michael II, — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Jenvess, Benninfi W, — He was Judge of 
 Probate in Strafford Coimty, New Hampshire, from 
 1841 to 1845, and a SenatoV in Congress from New 
 Hampshire during the years 1845 and 1846. 
 
 Jennings, David, — He was born in Hunterdon 
 County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1825 to 1826. 
 
 Jennings, .Jonathan, — He was bom in Hun- 
 terdon County, New Jersey, and was the first Gover- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 227 
 
 nor in Indiana, and was twice elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State, from 180!.! to 1^16, 
 and from 1833 to 1831. In 1818 he was appointed by 
 President Monroe Indian Commissioner. He died 
 near Charlestown, Clarke County, Indiana, July 26, 
 1834. 
 
 tTewell, Harvey. — -Bom in Winchester, New 
 Hampshire, May 26, 1820 ; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1844 ; studied law, and commenced the 
 practice in 1847 at Boston ; in 1861 and 1863 he was 
 elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts ; in 1866 
 he was re-chosen, serving five years, and was Spealcer 
 four years ; and in February, 1875, he was appointed 
 one of the Judges of the Court of Commissioners of 
 Alabama Claims. He received from Dartmouth Col- 
 lege the degree of Doctor of Laws ; and is a brother 
 of Marshall Jewell, the Postmaster General. 
 
 <TeweU, MarsliaU. — Born in Wincliester, New 
 Hampshire, October 20, 182.5 ; was brought up a tan- 
 ner ; studied telegraphy and electricity in Boston, and 
 superintended the construction of lines between Louis- 
 ville and New Orleans ; in 18.50 he commenced in 
 Hartford the business of manufacturing leather-belt- 
 ing ; was Governor of Connecticut from 1868 to 1870 : 
 app'iinted Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia in 1873 ; 
 and in 1874 was appointed Postmaster General in the 
 cabinet of President Grant. 
 
 tTewcff, Charles C — Bom in Lebanon, Maine, 
 August 12, 1816 ; graduated at Brown University in 
 1835 ; was a student and Librarian at the Andover 
 Seminary ; became Librarian and Professor of Mod- 
 ern Languages at Brown University; was Assistant 
 Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution ; and subse- 
 queutly Superintendent of the Boston Public Library. 
 He published an interesting Report on tlie Libraries 
 of the United States in 1850, and invented a new 
 metliod of cataloguing books. Died at Braintree, 
 Massachusetts, January 9, 1868. 
 
 fjeweft, C. C. — He was an early emigrant to Ark- 
 ansas ; was appointed a Justice of tlie United States 
 Court for that Territory ; and after it became a State. 
 he continued on the Bench as Judge of the United 
 State District Court. 
 
 •Terrett, Freeborn G. — He was born in New 
 York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State 
 iu 182'i and 1837 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from the same from 1831 to 1833. From 1846 to 1856 
 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York ; 
 and died February 33, 1838, aged sixty-eight years. 
 
 •Jeii'eff, ITiif/h .T, — He was born at Deer Creek, 
 Harford County, Maryland ; received a good educa- 
 tion and studied law in Cecil County ; left Maryland in 
 very early manhood, and removed to Ohio, where he 
 practiced his profession ; held no public positions 
 until 1872, when he was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress, Ijut soon re- 
 signed to accept the position of President of the Erie 
 Railroad Company. 
 
 fTe^veff, rToshum H. — He was bom at Deer 
 Creek, Harford County, Maryland, September 13, 
 1812, and having adopted the profession of law, re- 
 moved to Kentucky, and was elected a Representative 
 from that State to 'the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
 Congresses. He was Chairman of the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions. 
 
 fTetveff, IjUther. — He was born in Canterbury, 
 Connecticut, December 24, 1772 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1795 ; was both a clergyman and a 
 physician ; for fifteen years a member of the Vermon t 
 Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 
 from Vermont from 1815 to 1817. Died March 8, 
 1860, aged eighty -seven years. 
 
 >Teii'itt, Albert Cf. — He was a citizen of Maine, 
 and in 1845 he was appointed Charge d'.\flfaires to 
 Peru, where he remained until 1847 when he returned 
 home. 
 
 iTohtls, Kensey, — Was born in Delaware, De- 
 cember 10, 1791 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1810 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 
 1813; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware 
 from 1827 to 1831 ; in 1833 lie was appointed Chan- 
 cellor of the State of Delaware, in which capacity he 
 was still serving at the time of his death, wliicli oc- 
 curred at New Castle, March 28, 1857. A person bear- 
 ing this name was appointed to the Senate in 1794 
 from Delaware, but he was not admitted. He was 
 tlie father of the above, who also filled the position of 
 Chancellor of the State. 
 
 iTohnson , Ale.vatifJer S. — He was born inUtica, 
 in 1823 ; received a liberal education ; studied law, 
 and settled iu New York city ; in 1853 he was elected 
 to the Bench of the Court of Appeals and removed to 
 Albany, serving one terra ; subsequently returned to 
 his native town ; in 1873 he was appointed a Commis- 
 sioner of Appeals, to fill a vacancy ; and before the 
 close of the year was re-appointed a Judge of the 
 Court of Appeals, holding the office until December, 
 1874 ; and in October, 1875, he was appointed United 
 States Judge for the Second Circuit, in the place of 
 L. B. Woodruff, deceased. 
 
 tTohnson, Aurlreir. — He was bom in Raleigh, 
 North Carolina, December 29, 1808 ; when ten years 
 of age he was apprenticed to a tailor, and worked at 
 that business, in his native town, until his seventeenth 
 year ; he never attended school, but acquired a good 
 "English education by studying alone. Having re- 
 moved to Greenville, Tennessee, he was elected Mayor 
 of that place in 1830; was elected to the State ijegisla- 
 ture in 1835 ; to the State Senate in 1841 ; and he was 
 a Reprq,sentative in Congress from Tennessee from 
 1843 to 18.53, serving on various important committees. 
 During the latter year he was chosen Governor of 
 Tennessee, and re-elected in 1S55. He was elected a 
 Senator in Congress in 1857 for the tenn ending in 
 1863, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and 
 the District of Columbia. In 1863 he resigned his 
 seat in the Senate, and was appointed by President 
 Lincoln Military Governor of Tennessee. By the 
 " Baltimore Convention " of 1864 he was nominated 
 for the office of Vice-President of the United States, 
 and dulyelected. On the death of Abraham Lincoln. 
 April 15", 1865, he took the prescribed oath and en- 
 tered upon his duties as President of the United 
 States. His Life and Speeches have been published 
 in a variety of editions ; and in 1806 he received from 
 the University of North Carolina the degree of LL.D. 
 On February 22, 1868, the House of Representatives 
 adopted articles of Impeachment against him, founded 
 chiefly upon his alleged misconduct under the Tenure- 
 of-Otfice Bill. It was a party vote, as only one Re- 
 publican, S. F. Cary, and one Consei-vative Republi- 
 can, T. E. Stewart, voted against the measure ; and 
 on being tried by the Senate, organized as a High 
 Court of Impeachment, the necessary two-thirds vote 
 could not be secured, and he was acquitted. The 
 Democrats who voted for his acquittal were Senators 
 Bayard, Buckalew, Davis, McCreery, Hendricks, John- 
 son. Patterson of Tennessee, Saulsbury, and Vicl^ers ; 
 and those elected to the Senate as Republicans, who 
 voted with them, were Senators Dison, Doolittle, 
 Fessenden, Fowler, Grimes, Henderson, Norton, Ross, 
 Trumbull, and Van Winkle ; and the Republicans 
 who voted for conviction were Senators Anthony, 
 Cameron, CaUell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Conness, 
 
228 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Corbett, Cragin, Drake, Edmunds, Ferry, Frelinghuy- 
 sen, Harlan, Howard, Howe, Morgan, Morrill of Ver- 
 mont, Morrill of Maine, Morton, Nye, Patterson of 
 New Hampshire, Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman, 
 Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Thayer, Tipton, Willey, 
 Williams, Wilson, Yates, and VVade, the President 
 of the Senate pro tern. Mr. Johnson was re-elected to 
 the United States Senate for the term commencing in 
 1875 ; occupied his seat during the extra session of 
 the Senate ; and died in Carter County-, Tennessee, 
 July 31, 1875. The verdict of the press was that 
 he had proven himself an honest and remarkable 
 man. 
 
 Johnson, Senjain in, — He was an early emi- 
 grant to the Territory of Arkansas, and in 1821 he was 
 appointed United States Judge for that Territory, 
 serving in that capacity until 1833. 
 
 •Johnson, Care. — He was bom in Robertson 
 County, Tennessee, January 11, 1793 ; received a lib- 
 eral education, and adopted the profession of law ; 
 was a Circuit Judge for a few years ; and he was a 
 Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 
 1829 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1845, after which 
 he went into the cabinet of President Polk, as Post- 
 master-General. He also held for many years the po- 
 sition of President of the Bank of Tennessee, which 
 he resigned in 1859. Died in Clarksville, Tennessee, 
 November 23, 1866. 
 
 Johnson, David. — Bom in Virginia, in 1783; 
 admitted to the bar in South Carolina in 1805 ; a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature of that State in 1812 ; solicitor 
 of the Middle Circuit, Union District, from 1812 to 
 1815 ; Circuit Judge from 1815 to 1824 ; Judge of the 
 Court of Appeals from 1824 to 1835 ; Chancellor from 
 1835 to 1846 ; Governor of South Carolina from 1846 
 to 1848. Died at Limestone Springs, South Carolina, 
 January 7, 1855. 
 
 Johnson, D. B. — He was born in New York, and 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United 
 States for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 Johnson, Francis. — He was born in Caroline 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky in 1820, in the place of D. 
 Walker, deceased, and from 1821 to 1827. 
 
 Johnson, Franklin. — He was bora in Ver- 
 mont ; received a legal education ; and became a res- 
 ident of Monroe, Michigan, in 1835, with which place 
 he was intimately identified during the remainder of 
 his life. While constantly engaged in practicing his 
 profession, he found time to till a variety of public 
 positions. He was at one time Attorney for the city 
 of Monroe , also Prosecuting Attorney for the State, 
 and Judge of Probate, and lastly. Judge of the Circuit 
 Court for the First District of Michigan for six years. 
 He maintained a high position at the bar, and it is 
 said that his decisions as Circuit Judge were very sel- 
 dom reversed by the Supreme Court. He died in 
 Monroe, October 11, 1870. 
 
 Johnson, Harrei/ H. — He was bom in Ver- 
 mont, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 
 to 1855. 
 
 Johnsmi, Ttenri/. — Bom in Tennessee, Septem- 
 ber 14, 1783 ; studied law in Louisiana ; was Clerk of 
 the Second Superior Court of Orleans Territory in 
 1809 ; Judge of the Parish Court of St. Mary, May 1, 
 1811 ; member of the " Constitutional Convention " of 
 Louisiana in 1812 ; ran for Congress in 1813, but was 
 defeated ; elected a Senator in Congress in 1818 fpr 
 
 the unexpired term of W. C. C. Claiborne, deceased ; 
 and sat there until 1824, in which year he was elected 
 Governor of Louisiana ; and in 1826 was re-elected, 
 holding that office for four consecutive years. In 
 1829 he was defeated for the United States Senate, 
 by Edward Livingston ; was a Representative from 
 Louisiana to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth 
 Congresses ; in 1843 he was a candidate for Governor, 
 but was defeated by Alexander Mouton ; in 1844 he 
 was elected to fill the vacancy in the Ujiited States 
 Senate caused by the death of A. Porter, under which 
 election he sat in the Senate until March, 1849 ; he 
 was the head of the Whig party in Louisiana. He 
 died July 31, 1861, commanding the highest respect 
 alike of those who had adhered to, and of those who 
 had opposed him, as a political leader. 
 
 Johnson, Herscheu(v. — Born in Burke Coun- 
 ty, Georgia, September 18, 1812. He graduated at 
 the University of Georgia in 1834, and adopted the 
 profession of law. He was a Presidential Elector in 
 1844 ; in 1848 was appointed to fill a vacancy in the 
 United States Senate ; and in 1849 he was elected a 
 Judge of the Superior Court. In 1860 he was a can- 
 didate for the office of Vice-President, on the ticket 
 with S. A. Douglas, but was defeated ; and subse- 
 quently served in the Confederate Senate. He was a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 vention " of 1866. After the Rebellion he became a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia. 
 
 Johnson, Hezekiah S, — He was bom in Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1828 ; educated 
 chiefly at the Alleghany College, Meadville ; learned 
 the printing trade, and removed to New Jlexico in 
 1849 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854 ; held 
 the offices of District Attorney, Clerk of Court, and 
 Treasurer of the Territory ; in 1863 he was elected to 
 the Territorial Legislature ; edited newspapers in 
 Meadville, Santa Fe, and Albuquerque ; and in 1869 
 he was appointed by President Grant Associate Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of New Mexico, and was re-ap- 
 pointed 1871, continuing to hold the position to the 
 present time. 
 
 Johnson, Isaac. — Was Governor of Louisiana 
 from 1845 to 1850. Died in New Orleans, March 15, 
 1853. 
 
 Johnson, James. — He was bora in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Virginia 
 from 1813 to 1820, when he resigned, and was ap- 
 pointed Collector of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virgin- 
 ia. He also served in the State Legislature. Died at 
 Norfolk, December 7, 1825. 
 
 Johnson, James. — He was bom in Orange 
 County, Virginia ; served as Lieutenant-Colonel un- 
 der Colonel R. M. Johnson at the Battle of the 
 Thames ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Kentucky during the years 1835 and 1826, his death 
 having been announced in the House in December, 
 1826. 
 
 Johnson, James. — Bom in Robinson County, 
 North Carolina, in 1811 ; graduated at the State Uni- 
 versity in 1832 ; taught school for a time, and studied 
 law ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1851 
 to 1853. In 1865 he was appointed Provisional Gov- 
 ernor of Georgia ; in 1866 he was appointed Collector 
 of Customs at Savannah, where he remained until 
 1869. when he resigned ; and was subsequently made 
 a judge of the Circuit Court of the State. 
 
 Johnson, James A.. — Bom in Spartanburg, 
 South Carolina, May 16, 1829 ; received a common- 
 school education ; studied medicine and law ; removed 
 to California, and was elected to the State Legislature 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 229 
 
 in 1859 ; and was elected a Representative from Cali- 
 fornia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Post-Office and Post-Roads, and Agricul- 
 ture. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress. 
 
 Johnson, James H. — He was bom in New 
 
 Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1845 to 1847, serving on the 
 Committee on Manufactures. He was also a State 
 Councilor in 1842 and 1843, and a State Senator in 
 1839. 
 
 Johnson, James L. — He was bom in Ken- 
 tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Johnson, Jeromus. — He was bom in Kings 
 County, New York, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York city from 1825 to 1829, and 
 died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, Septem- 
 ber 7, 1846. 
 
 Johnson, John. — He was bom in the County 
 of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808 ; received a common- 
 school education, and emigrated to Ohio in 1824, 
 where he was devoted to agricultural pursuits. He 
 served as a member of the Ohio Senate ; also, in the 
 last " Constitutional Convention," of that State ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Johnson, John T.—Re was bom in Scott 
 County, Kentucky ; was a brother of Richard M. 
 Johnson ; once Judge of the Court of Appeals of Ken- 
 tucky, and represented that State in Congress from 
 1821 to 1825. For thirty years he was a preacher of 
 the Gospel, without a salary. He died in Lexington, 
 Missouri, December 18, 1857. 
 
 Johnson, Joseph, — He was bom in Orange 
 County, New York, December 19, 1785, and, on re- 
 moving to Virginia, was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from 1823 to 1827, from 1835 to 1841, and 
 from 1845 to 1847. He was also Govemor of Vir- 
 ginia from 1852 to 1856. 
 
 Johnson, J. Ke€ly,—Ue was Governor of Cali- 
 fornia from 1856 to 1858. 
 
 Johnson, Koa(liah,—He served in the Legisla- 
 ture of New York ; was a member of Congress from 
 1833 to 1835 ; and died at Albany, AprU 4, 1889. 
 
 Johnson, Perley B,—Tie was born in Ohio, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Johnson, P7nlip,—Wa,s born in Warren County, 
 New Jersey, January 17, 1818 ; and his grandfather 
 was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. In 1839 he 
 removed with his father to Pennsylvania, settling in 
 Northampton County ; and he was educated at La- 
 fayette College, where he spent two years, after 
 which he spent two years teaching school in the 
 South. On his return home he studied law ; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1848, and soon afterwards elected 
 Clerk of the Court of Sessions and of the Oyer and 
 Terminer. In 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the 
 State Assembly. In 1857 he was Chairman of the 
 Democratic " State Convention." In 1860 he was the 
 Revenue Commissioner for the Third Judicial Dis- 
 trict of the State, and was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and 
 on Patents ; he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Territories. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago 
 
 Convention " of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post- 
 Office and Post-Roads, and Expenditures on the 
 Public Buildings. Died in Washington, January 31, 
 1867. 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy. — Bom in Annapolis, Mary- 
 land, May 21, 1796 ; was educated at St. John's Col- 
 lege, Annapolis ; studied law with his father, and 
 having been admitted to the bar, has practiced his 
 profession without intermission to the present time. 
 His first appointment was that of State Attorney ; in 
 1817 he removed to Baltimore (where he has since re- 
 sided), and in 1820 was appointed Chief Commissioner 
 of Insolvent Debtors, which office he held until 1821, 
 when he was elected to the State Senate, serving five 
 years ; was re-elected, and resigned in the second year 
 of that term ; in 1845 he was chosen a Senator in Con- 
 gress, where he remained until 1849 ; when he re- 
 signed to accept the post of Attorney-General of the 
 United States, bestowed upon him by President Tay- 
 lor. On his leaving the latter position, he turned his 
 whole attention to his profession, practicing chiefly in 
 the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. John- 
 son has also taken an active part in the preparation of 
 seven volumes of Reports of Decisions in the Court 
 of Appeals of Maryland. He was a Delegate to the 
 "Peace Congress " of 1861 ; was subsequently elected 
 to the House of Delegates of Maryland by the voters 
 of Baltimore County ; and in 18C2 he was again elected 
 a Senator in Congress from his native State, for the 
 term commencing March, 1863, and ending in 18G9 ; 
 serving on the Library Committee, those on the Ju- 
 diciary and Foreign Relations, and also the Special 
 Joint Committee on Reconstruction. He was one of 
 the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the 
 funeral of General Scott in 1866. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866, taking a leading part in its proceedings. 
 In an address to the law students of Columbia College 
 in June, 1875, he made the statement that he had been 
 a practicing lawyer for sixty years. 
 
 Johnson, Iticharil 31,— Be was born in Ken- 
 tucky, in 1780, and died at Frankfort, November 19, 
 1850. In 1807 he was chosen a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky, which post he held until 1813. 
 In 1813 he raised a volunteer regiment of cavalry of 
 one thousand men to fight the British and Indians on 
 the Lakes, and during the campaign that followed 
 served with great credit under General Harrison, as 
 a Colonel of that regiment. He greatly distinguished 
 himself at the battle of the Thames, and the chief, 
 Tecumseh, is said to have been killed by his hand. In 
 1814 he was appointed Indian Commissioner by Presi- 
 dent Madison. He was again a Representative in 
 Congress from 1813 to 1819. In 1819 he went from the 
 House into the United States Senate, to fill an unex- 
 pired term ; was re-elected, and served as Senator 
 until 1829. He was re-elected to the House, and re- 
 mained there until 1837, when he became Vice Presi- 
 dent, and as such presided over the Senate. At the 
 time of his death he was a member of the Kentucky 
 Legislature, and he died from a second attack of 
 paralysis. He was a kind-hearted, courageous, and 
 talented man. 
 
 Johnson, Soberf, — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in 1836 he was appointed Second Assist- 
 ant Postmaster General, holding the office until 
 1841. 
 
 Johnson, Robert W. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky in 1814 ; and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from Arkansas in 1847, and served until 
 1853, when he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing, 
 
2:J0 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 and as a member of the Committees on MUitary 
 Affairs, and on Public Lands. Withdrew in 1861, and 
 took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Johiisoti, Thomas. — He was bom in Calvert 
 County, Maryland, in 1T32 ; educated by private tutors 
 and studied law ; was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1775 to 1777, when he left that body to 
 raise a small army, with which, as Commander, he 
 went to assist Washington in New England ; he was 
 the first Republican Governor of Maryland, serving as 
 such from 1777 to 1779, and residing in Frederick 
 City ; he was also a Judge of the United States Dis- 
 trict Court for the State of Maryland ; member of the 
 Board of Commissioners for Locating the District of 
 Columbia, and was a Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States from 1791 to 1793, when he resigned. 
 He was the Intimate friend of Washington, and was 
 frequently honored with a visit by the President at 
 " Rose Hill," near Frederick ; was the Delegate in 
 Congress who proposed that the General should be de- 
 clared Commander-in-Chief ; and when Jefierson left 
 the Cabinet of Washington, Mr. Johnson was offered 
 the position of Secretary of State, which he declined. 
 Hi s abilities as a lawyer were of a high order, and he 
 was a successful practitioner. On one occasion, when 
 John Adams was questioned as to how it was that so 
 many Southern men should have participated in the 
 war, he replied that if it had not been for such men as 
 Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Chase, 
 and Thomas Johnson, there would never have been 
 any Revolution. He died on his estate near Frederick 
 City, which had been his home for forty-three years, 
 October 0, 1810. 
 
 tTohuson, Waldo P. — He was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress from Missouri in 1861, for the tei-m 
 ending in 1867, but was expelled by the Senate, Janu- 
 uary 10, 1802. 
 
 iTohuson, Williain. — He was born in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, December 27, 1771 ; graduated 
 at Princeton College in 1790 ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1792 ; was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture in 1704 ; re-elected and made Speaker ; was sub- 
 sequently chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of the 
 State ; and in 1804 he was appointed by President 
 Jefferson a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, which he held until his death, which 
 occurred in New York, August 4, 1834, from the effects 
 of a surgical operation. In 1819 he was appointed and 
 confirmed as Collector of Charleston, which office he 
 declined. In 1832 he published the " Life and Ser- 
 vices of Nathaniel Greene," in two volumes. 
 
 •Johnson, William, — He was born in Ireland in 
 1819'; removed to Ohio in early life ; received a good 
 education ; held a variety of local offices in Richmond 
 County, where he long resided ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Ex- 
 penditures on the Public Buildings. Died at Mans- 
 field, Ohio, May 3, 1866. 
 
 fTohiisoit, William Cost. — Born in Frederick 
 County, Maryland, in 1806 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice 
 in the Supreme Court in 1831 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and from 1837 to 
 1843. He served in the State Legislature before enter- 
 ing and after he left Congress ; was a member of the 
 last Convention for revising the Constitution of Mary- 
 land ; and was President of the National Convention 
 of Young Men which met in Washington to nominate 
 Henry Clay for President. When in Congress, Mr. 
 Johnson officiated for a number of years as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Public Lands, and also as a 
 
 member of the Judiciary Committee. Died in Wash- 
 ington, April 16, 1860. 
 
 Johnson, William S. — Born in Stratford, Con- 
 necticut, October 7, 1727 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1744 ; studied law at Cambridge, and acquired dis- 
 tinction as a pleader and orator. In 1765 he was a 
 Delegate to the Congress at New York, and in 1766 
 an agent for the Colony to England, where, during a 
 residence of four years, he was elected a Fellow of 
 the Royal Society. In 1772 he was appointed Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Connecticut ; was a mem- 
 ber in 1780 of the Council of Connecticut ; was again 
 a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1785 ; and 
 was a member in 1787 of the Convention which 
 framed the Constitution of the United States. He 
 was a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1791, and 
 from 1792 to 1800 President of Columbia College in 
 New York ; after which he returned to his native 
 village, where he died, November 14, 1819. He re- 
 ceived from Oxford the degree of LL.D., and will 
 always be remembered as one of the great men of this 
 country. He was Chairman of the Committee ap- 
 pointed to revise the language of the Constitution, 
 and the corrections in the original copy are in his 
 handwriting. He was the son of Samuel Johnson, 
 the eminent Episcopal divine and first President of 
 King's College (subsequently Columbia), and among 
 his intimate friends and correspondents were Samuel 
 Johnson the great English writer, and Benjamin 
 Franklin, while his father had been the warm per- 
 sonal friend of Bishop Berkeley. 
 
 tlohnston, Charles. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Jfohnston, Charles. — Bom in Chowan County, 
 North Carolina ; was a member of the State Legisla- 
 ture for many years, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress during the years 1801 and 1802, having died be- 
 fore the expiration of his term. 
 
 ,Toltnst on, Charles C. — A member of Congress 
 from Virginia from 1831 to 1832, having died at 
 Washington, June 18 of the latter year. He was 
 Chainnan of the Committee on Inprisonment for 
 Debt. He was found drowned in the Potomac, near 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Johnston, John W, — He was born at Pan- 
 icello, near Abington, South Carolina, September 9, 
 1818 ; educated at the South Carolina College, Co- 
 1 lumbia ; studied law at the University of Virginia ; 
 practiced until 1839, when he was made Judge of the 
 Tenth Judicial District ; was a member of the Senate 
 of the State of Virginia in 1847 and 1848 ; was Presi- 
 dent of the Northwestern Bank at Jeffersonville, Vir- 
 ginia, from 1850 to 1859 ; was elected in 1870 United 
 States Senator from Virginia, for the tenn ending in 
 1871, but was re-elected for the term ending in 1877, 
 serving on the Committees on Manufactures, Patents, 
 and Post-Oifices and Post-Roads. In January, 1876, 
 he was re-elected to the Senate for the term com- 
 mencing in 1877 and ending in 1883. 
 
 .Johnston, Josiah S. — He was bora in Salis- 
 bury, Connecticut, November 25, 1784, hut was taken 
 by his father, in infancy, to Kentucky. He gradu- 
 cated at Transylvania University, and studied law. 
 He removed to Louisiana in 1805, and commenced his 
 professional career at Alexandria, on the Red River ; 
 and in 1812 was a leading man in the State Legisla- 
 ture ; he was next appointed District Judge, and rep- 
 resented Louisiana in Congress from 1821 to 1823 ; and 
 in 1824 he was elected to the United States Senate, 
 retaining that position until his death, which occurred 
 May 19, 1833, by the explosion of gunpowder on board 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 231 
 
 the steamboat Lioness on Red Rirer. Some of Lis 
 reports and speeches were highly appreciated, and 
 published for the benefit of his constituents. 
 
 tToJiHxfon, Snviiiel. — Governor of North Caro- 
 lina from 1787 to 1789 ; was President of the Conren- 
 tion of that State which ratified the Federal Consti- 
 tution, and had been a member of Congress from 1780 
 to 1782, and in 1789 he was appointed a Senator from 
 North Carolina, and served untU 1793 ; was after- 
 wards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Law and 
 Equity. He was also one of those who voted for lo- 
 cating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He 
 was a native of Edenton and died at Sherwarkey, 
 August 18, 1816, aged eighty-three years. 
 
 JTohnstoti , Willi am F. — He was elected Gov- 
 ernor of Pennsylvania and served in that caoacity un- 
 til 1853. Died" in Pittsburg, October 30, 1872. 
 
 Jones, AlexaiifJer H. — Bom in AshvOle, Bun- 
 combe County, North Carolina, July 21, 1822 ; received 
 an academic education ; was a farmer, a merchant, 
 and an editor ; sided with the Union cause during the 
 rebellion ; while recruiting for the Army, he was ar- 
 rested and imprisoned in Ashvilleand in Richmond 
 by the Confederate authorities ; made his escape in 
 1864 ; after the war he returned to North Carolina, 
 and was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con- 
 vention of 1865 ; was elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, but refused admittance ; and was elected a 
 Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Public expenditures, 
 and Revolutionary Claims. 
 
 •Toms, allien. — He was a Revolutionary patriot 
 of Halifax, North Carolina ; chosen Brigadier-Gener- 
 al of Halifax District, April, 1776 ; delegate to the 
 State Constitutional Convention in that year ; dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780 ; 
 State Senator from 1784 to 1787 ; and member of the 
 Convention to adopt the United States Constitution 
 which he advocated. 
 
 •Tones, Benjamin. — He was born in Virginia ; 
 and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 
 1837. 
 
 Jones, Charles TT.— Born in Ireland in 1834; 
 emigrated to this country when ten years of age ; 
 spent some years in Alabama, Louisiana, and Miss- 
 issippi ; settling in Florida in 1854 ; was a mechanic 
 by trade, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1857 ; and became successful in the profession ; was 
 a member of the Baltimore Convention in 1873 ; was 
 nominated on the Democratic Liberal ticket for Con- 
 gress in that year, but was defeated. In 1874 was 
 elected a member of the Lower House of the State 
 Legislature from Escambia County ; and in 1874 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Florida for 
 the term ending in 1881. 
 
 •Jones, Daniel T, — He was born in Connecticut 
 and, having settled in New York, was elected a Rep 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 
 1855. 
 
 •Tones, F'rancis,~He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1823. 
 
 •Tones, Oeorf/e. — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Georgia during the session of 1807, by appoint- 
 ment of Governor, but was superseded by W. H. 
 Crawford. 
 
 •Tones, George W. — Bom in Vincennes, Indiana, 
 and graduated at Transylvania University, Kentucky, 
 in 1825. He was bred to the law, but ill-health pre- 
 vented him from practicing. He was Clerk of 
 the United States District Court, in Missouri, in 1826; 
 served as an Aid-de-camp to General Henry Dodge 
 in the Black Hawk War ; was chosen Colonel of Mi- 
 litia in 1832 ; subsequently Major-General ; also a 
 Judge of a County Court ; in 1835 was elected a Del- 
 egate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan, and 
 served two years ; in 1839 was ajjpointed by Presi- 
 dent Van Bureu Surveyor-General of the North- 
 west ; was removed in 1841 for his politics, but re- 
 appointed by President Polk, and remained in the 
 office until 1849 ; in 1848 he was elected a United 
 States Senator from Iowa for six j-ears, and re-elected 
 in 1852 for six years, officiating as Chairman of the 
 Committees on Pensions, and on Enrolled Bills, and 
 as a member of the Committee on Territories. At the 
 conclusion of his last term he was appointed by 
 President Buchanan Minister to New Granada. In 
 1861 he was charged with disloyalty, and imprisoned 
 in Fort Warren. 
 
 Jones, George W. — Born in King and Queen 
 County, Virginia, March 15, 1806. He began life by 
 adopting the occupation of a saddler ; wosa Justice of 
 the Peace for three years ; in 1834 a Justice to hold 
 the Quorum Court in Lincoln County ; in 1835 and ' 
 1837 was elected to the Tennessee Legislature ; in 
 1839 to the State Senate : in 1840 and 1843 was 
 elected Clerk of the Lincoln County Court ; and was 
 elected a Representative to Congress in 1843, to 
 which position he has been regularly re-elected to 
 1859, serving during the Thirty-fifth Congress as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. 
 In 1853, upon the inauguration of President Pierce, 
 Mr. Jones was appointed special bearer of dispatches 
 to the American Consul at Havana, having been au- 
 thorized to administer the official oath to the Vice- 
 President, W. R. Kiug, who had visited Cuba for his 
 health. In 1861 he was a Delegate to the " Peace 
 Congress," held in Washington. 
 
 •Tones, Horatio. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia and removed to JNIissouri, from which State he 
 was appointed an Associate Judge of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Nevada. 
 
 Jones, Isaac D, — He was born in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from tliat 
 State from 1841 to 1843. He was a Delegate also to 
 the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and in 1807 was 
 elected Attorney-General of Maryland. 
 
 Jones, •Tames, — Born in Maryland, and removed 
 to Georgia when. young. He studied law, and settled 
 in Savannah. He was often a member of the Legis- 
 lature of Georgia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1799 to the time of his death, which oc- 
 curred at Washington, January 13, 1801. 
 
 Jones, James, — He was born in Amelia County, 
 Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1819 to 1833. 
 
 Jones, James C. — Born in Wilson County, Ten- 
 nessee, June 8, 1809 ; received a good education ; de- 
 voted himself iu early life to farming; first entered 
 public life, in 1839, as a member of the Tennessee 
 Legislature ; was Governor of Tennessee from 1841 
 to 1845, serving two terms ; was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1841 and 1849 ; and in 1851 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from Tennessee, serving the 
 whole of his term of six years. Died at Memphis, 
 Tennessee, October 29, 1859. He was for many years 
 devoted to the public interests of Memphis and his 
 native State, and was distinguished for his abilities. 
 
232 
 
 BIOGK PHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tfones, </. Glancy, — He was born on the Cones- 
 toga River, Pennsylvania, October 7,1811. By his early 
 education he was prepared for the church, but pre- 
 ferred the law, to which he devoted himself with suc- 
 cess ; and while Deputy Attorney-General of the State 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Penn- 
 sylvania, serving (excepting a part of the Thirty-third 
 Congress, when Henry W. Muhleuburg succeeded 
 him) from 1850 to 1858. He was the author in the 
 House of the bill creating the Court of Claims, when 
 a member of the Committee on Claims ; and by Mr. 
 Speaker Orr was placed at the head of the Commit- 
 tee on Ways and Means. He was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1856, and was tendered, by President 
 Buchanan, the mission to Berlin, which he declined ; 
 but in October, 1858, he was offered the mission to 
 Austria, and accepted the appointment. 
 
 Jones, Joel, — Born in Coventry, Connecticut, 
 October 25, 1795 ; graduated at Yale College in 1817; 
 studied law and settled to practice in Easton, Penn- 
 sylvania. In 18'j0 was appointed a Commissioner to 
 revise the Civil Code of Pennsylvania ; was associate 
 Judge, and afterwards President Judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court for the City and County of Philadelphia ; 
 was first President of Girard College from Decem- 
 ber, 1847, to June, 1849. In 1849 was elected Mayor 
 of Philadelphia, and after serving one term returned 
 to his profession. He received the degree of LL. D. 
 from New Jersey College in 1848. He was eminent 
 for his attainments in jurisprudence, philosophy, and 
 theology. Died in Philadelphia, February 3, I860. 
 
 Jones, John J. — Born in Burke County, Geor- 
 gia, November 13, 1824 ; graduated at Emory Col- 
 lege ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 
 1848 ; and was a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Revisal and Unfinished Business. Resigned in 
 February, 1861, and returned to Georgia. 
 
 Jones, John P. — He was born in Wales, in 
 1838, and came with his parents to this country when 
 a child, settling in Ohio ; attended school in Cleve- 
 land for a few years; in the early part of the Cali- 
 fornia excitement he went to that State, and engaged 
 in farming and mining ; served in both Houses of 
 the State Assembly ; went to Nevada in 1860, and 
 was elected to the United States Senate for the term 
 commencing in 1873, serving on the Committee on 
 the Post-OtJBce and Post-Roads, District of Columbia, 
 and Mines and Mining. 
 
 Jones, John IF. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1835 to 1845. He was also Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives during the twenty-eighth Con- 
 gress. He was an eminent politician, and died Jan- 
 uary 29, 1848. 
 
 Jones, John W. — Born on Rock Creek, Mont- 
 gomery County, Maryland, April 14, 1806 ; when 
 quite young he removed, with his father, to Ken- 
 tucky, where he received a good English and classi- 
 cal education at the Carlisle Seminary ; as his health 
 would permit, he devoted him-^elf to the study of 
 medicine, attended lectures at the Pennsylvania 
 Academ}', and from Jefferson College received the 
 degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1840 he was elected 
 to the Georgia Legislature, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Georgia from 1847 to 1849. 
 In 1849 he removed to Alabama, and devoted himself 
 to agriculture ; but returning to Georgia was ap- 
 pointed a Medical Professor in the Atlantic Medical 
 College. He enjoys the reputation of having done 
 much for the cause of education in the States of 
 Georgia and Alabama. 
 
 Jones, Joseph. — He was a Delegate from Vir- 
 ginia to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1778, 
 and again from 1780 to 1783. 
 
 Jones, J. M, — He was an early emigrant to Cal- 
 ifornia, and in 1851 was appointed United States 
 Judge for the Southern District of California, resid- 
 ing at Los Angeles. 
 
 Jones, J, Mussell, — He is a citizen of Illinois, 
 and in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Bel- 
 gium ; and on his return to the United States, he 
 was appointed, in 1875, Collector of Customs at 
 Chicago. 
 
 Jones, Morgan. — He was born in New York 
 City. February 26, 1832 ; was educated at the school 
 of St. James' Church in New York ; early took an 
 interest in machinery and the business of a machin- 
 ist, and subsequently adopted the business of a 
 plumber, following the same within four hundred 
 feet of the spot where he was born. In 1858 he was 
 elected a City Councilman for New York, and, hav- 
 ing been four times re-elected, served as President 
 of the Board for three years ; was subsequently 
 elected to the Board of Aldermen and made Presi- 
 dent of that body ; and in 1864 he was elected a 
 Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex- 
 penditures. 
 
 Jones, Nathaniel. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1827 and 1828 ; a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841 ; 
 a State Senator in 1852 and 1853 ; and also held the 
 offices of Surveyor-General of the State, and Canal 
 Commissioner. He died at Newburg, New York, July 
 21, 1866. 
 
 Jones, Koble Wimberly, — Bom near Lon- 
 don, England, in 1724 ; his father, Dr. Nobte Jones, 
 was an early settler of Georgia, and he was associ- 
 ated with him in the practice of medicine at Savan- 
 nah from 1748 to 1756. He held a military commis- 
 sion at an early age ; was a member of the Assembly 
 in 1761 ; and subsequently, being several times Speak- 
 er. He was a leading patriot in 1774 ; corresponded 
 with Franklin, the agent of Georgia, in England ; and 
 was Speaker of the first Georgia Legislature. He was 
 a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 
 1776, and from 1781 to 1783 ; lost a son at the capture 
 of Savannah in 1778 ; was himself made prisoner at 
 the fall of Charleston in 1780, and carried to St. Au- 
 gustine, was exchanged July, 1781 ; practiced medi- 
 cine in Philadelphia until December 1782, when he 
 returned to Georgia, and was again a member of the 
 Assembly. He practiced in Charleston from Decem- 
 ber, 1783, to December, 1788 ; after which he lived in 
 Savannah ; was President of the Convention which 
 revised the State Constitution in 1795. He died in 
 Savannah, January 9, 1805. 
 
 Jones, Obadinh. — He was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Jefferson, in 1805, United States Judge for the 
 Territory of Mississippi ; served one year as Territo- 
 rial Judge for Illinois in 1809 ; was re-appointed to 
 the same position in 1810 in Mississippi ; and when 
 the State Government was established he was also ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for that District, but 
 only held the office a short time. 
 
 Jones, Oiven. — Bom in Pennsylvania ; a lawyer 
 by profession, and Representative in the Thirty-fifth 
 Congress from his native State. 
 
 Jones, Solan d. — He was bom in North Caro- 
 lina ; was a Representative in the Thirty-third Con- 
 gress from Louisiana. 
 
■X^ 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 233 
 
 / tfones, Samuel. — He spent the early 7681*3 of his 
 life as a sailor : afterwards studied law, was admitted 
 to the bar in Ne%v York City ; and acquired a lucra- 
 tive practice ; his office was sought bvlaw students, 
 among whom was De Witt Clintojj^ he filled many 
 important public positions ; in 17Jo was a member of 
 the Convention which adopted the Federal Constitu- 
 tion, and drew up most of the amendments ; he was 
 Chief Justice of New York, and called the " Father of 
 the New York Bar." ' Removed to his farm at Rye 
 Neck, where he spent the later years of his life in re- 
 tirement, and wrote his various productions. He died 
 In 1819. 
 
 Jones, Samuel, Jr. — Born in 1769 ; graduated 
 at Yale College in 1790 ; studied law with his father; 
 was a member of the New York Assembly from 1812 
 to 1814 ; Recorder of New York City in 1823 ; Chancel- 
 or of the State in 1826 ; Chief Justice of the Superior 
 Court of the City in 1828 ; was Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State from 1847 to 1849 ; and ex-officio a 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals. Published, with R. 
 Varick, " Laws of the State of New York, from 
 1778 to 1789." Ho received the degree olf LL.D. from 
 Columbia College in 1826. Died at Cold Spring, Long 
 Island, August 8, 1853. 
 
 Jones, Seaborn. — Born in Augusta, Georgia, in 
 1788 ; entered Princeton College but was obliged to 
 leave before graduating, on account of his father's 
 failure in business ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in his twenty-first year by special act of the Legisla- 
 ture ; was made Solicitor-General of the State in 1823; 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1835, 
 and from 184.5 to 1847. Died in Columbus, Geor- 
 gia in 1874. He was a distinguished lawyer for fifty 
 years. 
 
 Jones, Thomas Laurens. — Bom in Ruther- 
 ford County, North Carolina, January 22, 1819 ; grad- 
 uated in the preparatory school at Columbia, South 
 Carolina, and at Princeton, New Jersey ; took the de- 
 pree of LL.B. in the Law School of Harvard Univer- 
 sity ; traveled ten years in Europe ; and on his re- 
 turn was admitted to the bar at Charleston in 1846. 
 Removed to New York City to practice in 1847 ; sub- 
 sequently settled in Newport, Kentucky ; was a mem- 
 ber of the General Assembly of that State in 1853 and 
 1854 ; was a Delegate to many State and National 
 Conventions ; was elected to the Fortieth and Forty- 
 first Congresses, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. In December, 1875, he was appointed 
 Chairman of the Committee on Railways and Canals. 
 
 Jones, TFalfer. — He was born in Virginia, in 
 1745, graduated at William and Mary College in 
 1760 ; studied medicine in Edinburgh, Scotland, and 
 received the degree of M. D. ; on his return to Vir- 
 ginia he settled in Northumberland and became emi- 
 nent as a scholar and physician. In 1777 he was ap- 
 pointed by Congress Physician-General of the hospi- 
 tal in the middle department ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1799 ; and 
 again from 1803 to 1811. He was at one time a "Free 
 Thinker," but his views were subsequently entirely 
 changed, and he embraced the Christian faith ; after 
 which he wrote a lengthy volume denouncing his for- 
 mer belief, and stating with great clearness the 
 grounds upon which he did so. This was done for the 
 satisfaction of his own conscience and the gratification 
 of his children. He died in Westmoreland County, 
 Virginia, December 31, 1815. 
 
 Jones, Walter. — Son of the preceding, was 
 born at Hayfield, Northumberland County, Virginia, 
 October 14, 1775 ; was educated by a private tutor, 
 Mr. Ogilvy of Scotland, it was the intention of his 
 father that he should graduate at William and Mary 
 
 College, but his plan was changed and he commenced 
 the study of law with Bushrod Washington ; he was 
 admitted to the bar in Richmond, May, 1736 ; settled 
 in Leesburg and practiced extensively in the adjoin- 
 ing courts. In 1802 he was appointed by Jefferson, 
 United States Attorney for the District of the Potomac; 
 and in 1804 for the District of Columbia; which he 
 resigned in 1821, being the only public positions he 
 would ever accept, his residence in Washington 
 would have prevented his entering the political field 
 had he been disposed to submit to the urgent appeals 
 of his friends to do so. In his early life he became 
 convinced of the evils of slavery, and was one of the 
 founders of the American Colonization Society. He 
 was a friend of Madison, Marshall, and Clay, and was 
 intimate with all the leading Statesmen of the day. 
 He was considered a deeply read and accomplished 
 lawyer, was employed in the " Randolph Will Case," 
 the Glrard and Gaines Cases, and held a high position 
 at the bar of the Supreme Court. He was ever a true 
 patriot, was personally acquainted with Washington, 
 and was one' of the founders of the Washington Mon- 
 ument ; he denounced the act of secession as a double 
 treason to the Union and Virginia. He died in Wash- 
 ington on his birthday, October 14, 1861. 
 
 Jones, William. — Born in Philadelphia; took 
 an active part in the revolutionary struggle, having 
 fought at Trenton and Princeton as a volunteer, and 
 served in several vessels ; he was a Lieutenant under 
 Commodore Truxton, and was twice wounded and 
 twice made prisoner. In 1790 settled in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, whence he returned to Philadelphia in 
 1793 ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1801 to 1803, and was for a short time Sec- 
 retary of the Navy under President Madison. He was 
 also President of the Bank of the United States, Collec- 
 tor of Customs at Philadelphia, and for twenty-six 
 years was a member of the American Pliilosophical 
 Society, before which he read many valuable commu- 
 nications, whicli were published. Died at Bethlehem, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1831. 
 
 Jones, William. — Born in Newport, Rhode Isl- 
 and, in 1754 ; was a a carpenter in his youth ; entered 
 the army in 1775 as a Captain in Colonel Lippitt's 
 Rhode Island regiment ; afterward commanded a 
 marine corps in one of the national frigates ; was made 
 prisoner at Charleston, South Carolina, and after the 
 war was a merchant in Providence till his death. He 
 was for several years a Representative from Provi- 
 dence in the Assembly, and also Speaker of that body. 
 He was Governor of Rhode Island from 1811 to 1817, 
 and died in Providence, April 9, 1822. 
 
 Jones, William G. — He was a Judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of Alabama. 
 
 Jones, William T. — He was born in Corydon, 
 Indiana, February 20, 1842 ; received his education at 
 the Miami University, Ohio, studied law, served in 
 the army as lieutenant, captain, and major of the 
 Seventeenth Indiana Volunteers; was Presidential 
 Elector in 1868, appointed Associate Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of Wyoming, April 6, 1869, and was 
 elected a Delegate from Wyoming Territory to the 
 Forty-Second Congress. 
 
 Jones, Willie. — He was a brother of Allan ; was 
 a delegate to the convention which formed the State 
 Constitution of North Carolina in 1776, and drew up 
 the instrument which was adopted ; was president of 
 the Committee of Safety in 1773, delegate to the House 
 of Commons of North Carolina from 1776 to 1778 ; del- 
 egate to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781 ; 
 was elected a member of the Federal Constitutional 
 Convention, but declined, and was a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention which rejected the 
 
234 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 United States Coiistitutiou in 1788. Died near 
 Raleigli, North Carolina. 
 
 iToi'don, Diflon. — He was an early emigrant to 
 the Territory of Florida, and in 1838 lie was appointed 
 a United States Judge for that district. 
 
 tfordoit, Eilivard. — He was born in New York, 
 and in 18G1 he was appointed from Ohio the Solic- 
 itor of the United States Treasury, which position he 
 held until 18G9. 
 
 Joi/ce, Charles Herbert. — Born near Andover, 
 Ilunijishire County, England, January 30, 1830 ; emi- 
 grated to the United States, with his parents, in 1836, 
 and settled in Washington County, Vermont ; studied 
 law, was admitted to the bar in 1852, and began to 
 practice at Northfield ; was State Librarian in 185.5 
 and 1856, County Attorney in 1856 and 1857, commis- 
 sioned Major of Second Vermont Infantry (three-years 
 wen) in 1861, and promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 
 1862. Resumed the practice of law at Rutland after 
 his service in the army ; was a member of the Legis- 
 lature in 1869, 187U and 1871 ; was Speaker during 
 the latter term, and was elected a Representative 
 from Vermont to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 tTltddf Nor man S. — He was born in Rome, 
 Oneida County, New York, January 10, 1815 ; educated 
 at the Grammar School of that town ; studied law and 
 removed to Chicago, 111., in 1836 ; became an Alder- 
 man in the City Council ; was also City Attorney, 
 Notary Public, and County Attorney ; was a member 
 of the Illinois Senate from 1844, by repeated elections, 
 until 1860 : was appointed by President Lincoln Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary to Prussia in 1861, and held the 
 office until 1865, and in 1866 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative, from Illinois, to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, 
 and Weights and Measures ; subsequently appointed 
 Collector of Customs at Chicago. 
 
 Judson,, Andreiv T. — Born at Eastford, Con- 
 necticut, Nov. 29, 1784. His education was obtained 
 at the common schools, and under the instructions of 
 his father and brother. He studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1806, when he removed to Mont- 
 pel ier, Vermont, and practiced in that State. He 
 afterwards returned to his native town, and in 1809 
 went to Canterbury, which he made his permanent 
 residence. In 1819 he received the appointment of 
 State's Attorney for Windham County, which office 
 he held for fourteen years. He was at different times 
 a member of both branches of the Legislature, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839, 
 when he was elected Judge of the District Court, and 
 continued in that position until his death. In Octo- 
 ber, 1850, lie was designated, by the the Circuit Judge 
 of the Second Circuit, to hold the Courts of the 
 United States in the Southern District of New York 
 during the illness of the distinguished Judge of that 
 district, and he officiated at the trial of Mr. O'Sulli- 
 van, and others, for the attempted Cuban invasion. 
 Among the causes which were brought before him 
 for adjudication was the libel suit of the Amistad 
 and the fitt)'-four Africans on board. He died at 
 home, March 17, 1853. 
 
 Julian, George w/—\\a.s born in" Centreville, 
 Wayne County, Indiana, May 5, 1817 ; received a 
 good common-school education ; spent three years as 
 school-teacher ; studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1840. In 1845 he was elected to the Legis- 
 lature of Indiana; was a Delegate to the " Butfalo 
 Convention " of 1848 ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana from 1849 to 1851. In 1853 he 
 was nominated by the " Pittsbiirg Convention " for 
 the office of Vice-President of the United States, on 
 
 the ticket with J. P. Hale for President ; and in 1856 
 he was Vice-President of the " Republican Conven- 
 tion " held at Pittsburg. In 1860 he was elected a 
 Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh 
 Conarress, serving on the Committees on Public Lauds, 
 on Public Expenditures, and the Joint Committee on 
 the Conduct of the War ; and in 1862 was re-elected 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, was Chairman of the 
 Committee on Public Lands, and a member of the 
 Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again at the head 
 of the Public Lands Committee, and on that on Ex- 
 penses in the Navy Department. He was also a 
 member of the National Committee appointed to ac- 
 company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 additional Committees on the Assassination of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, and Education and Labor. 
 
 tTunJcin, Senjamin T, — Born in Cumberland 
 County, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1832 ; educated 
 at Fayette College; studied law at Carlisle, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1844 ; was elected District At- 
 torney for Perry County in 1850, and held the office 
 three years ; and was elected from Pennsylvania to 
 the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Knlbfleisch, Martin. — He was born in Flush- 
 ing, Netherlands, February 6, 1804 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education, and adopted the profession of 
 a chemist. He came to the United States early in 
 life, and his first public position was that of Health 
 Warden in New York City in 1832. In 1836 he was 
 Trustee of one of the common schools in New York ; 
 in 1853 and the two following years Supervisor of the 
 town of Bushwick, Kings County. In 1854 he was 
 appointed President of a Board of Commissioners for 
 consolidating the cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, 
 and Bushwick. In 1835 he was elected an Alderman 
 of Brooklyn, and, having been re-elected, was Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Aldermen from 1857 to 1861 ; 
 during the latter year he was elected Mayor of Brook- 
 lyn ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Expen- 
 ditures in the Treasury Department. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 vention " of 1866 ; and in 1867 he was again elected 
 Mayor of Brooklyn. Died in Brooklyn, February 12, 
 1873. 
 
 Kane, Elias li. — He was born in New York 
 State about the year 1795, and was bred to the legal 
 l^rofession. At an early period of his life he went to 
 Tennessee, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, in Illi- 
 nois Territory, in 1815. In 1818 he was a member of 
 the Convention for framing a State Constitution, and 
 when that government was organized, he was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of State. He was subsequently 
 elected a member of the Legislature ; and from 1825 
 to 1835 he was a Senator in Congress from Illinois, 
 officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Private 
 Land Claims. He died at Washington, District of 
 Columbia, December 12, 1835. 
 
 Kane, .John K. — He was born in Albany, New 
 York, in 1795; graduated at Yale College in 1814; 
 studied law and settled in Philadelphia ; in 18.)3 he 
 was one of a Board of Commissioners to settle certain 
 claims with France : in 1845 he was chosen Attorney- 
 General of Pennsylvania, but resigned in 1846 for the 
 position of United States District Judge for the State 
 of Pennsylvania. He was a man of high culture, and 
 President of the American Philosophical Society. 
 Died in Philadelphia, February 31, 1858. 
 
 Kasson, John A. — He was born near Burl- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 235 
 
 ington, Vermont, January 11, 1822 ; graduated at 
 the University of Vermont in 1843 ; studied law in 
 Massacliusetts, and prnrticed the profession iu St. 
 Louis, Missouri, until 1S57. wlien he removed to Iowa. 
 In 18o8 he was appointed a Commissioner to report 
 upon the condiiion of tlie Executive Departments of 
 Iowa ; assisted in 1859 in organizing the State Bank 
 of Iowa, and became Director for the State. In 1861 
 lie was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General, 
 wliich office he resigned in 1862, when he was elected 
 a Kepresentative from Iowa to the Thirty-eigUtli Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on ^^'ays and 
 Means. During the summer of 18G3 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to the 
 International Postal Congress at Paris, returning in 
 August. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Appropriations and 
 the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. 
 On his retiring from Congress in 1867 he was ap- 
 l>ointed a Special Commis.sioner to Europe for the 
 Post-Office Department, and on his return was elected 
 to the Legislature of Iowa for several years. He 
 was re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth 
 Congresses. 
 
 Kaufman, David S, — Born in Cumberland, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1818 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1833; not long after he removed to Natchez, 
 Mississippi, and read law in the office of General 
 Quitman. In 1835 he settled iu Natchitoches, Louis- 
 iana. In 1837 he emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Tex- 
 as, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in the 
 Texan Congress ; he was twice re-elected, and twice 
 chosen Speaker of the House. In 1843 he was elected 
 to the Senate, and from the Committee on Foreign 
 Relations, in 1844, presented a report in favor of an- 
 nexation, and took an active part in its consumma- 
 tion. In 1845 he was appointed Charge to this gov- 
 ernment, but that office was superseded by the final 
 act of annexation, and he was elected one of the first 
 members of tlie House of Representatives from Tex- 
 as, serving from 1840 to 1851. He died in Washing- 
 ton, District of Columbia, January 13, 1851. 
 
 Kavanagh, Edward. — He was born April 27, 
 1795 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member 
 of the Maine Legislature in 1826, 1828, 1842, and 
 
 1843 ; Secretary of the State Senate in 1830, and he 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835, 
 when he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Portu- 
 gal, where he remained until 1841. In 1842 he was a 
 Commisioner for settling the North-east Boundary ; 
 and was Acting Governor of Maine from 1843 to 
 
 1844 : and for a short time President of the State 
 Senate. He died at Newcastle, Maine, January 30, 
 1844. 
 
 Kean, tTohn, — He w.as a Delegate, from South 
 Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 
 1787. 
 
 Kearney, Dj/re. — He was a Delegate, from 
 Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1786 to 
 1788. 
 
 Keese, Hichard. — He was born in Peru, Clinton 
 County, New Tork, November 23, 1794 ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1837 to 
 1829 ; subsequently settled in Pennsylvania, where 
 he was still living in 1875. 
 
 Kehr, Edward C. — Born in St. Louis, Missouri, 
 November 5, 1837 ; received an academic education, 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in St. Louis iu 
 1858, where he has since been engaged in the practice 
 of his profession. In 1873 he was elected a Represent- ; 
 
 ative from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress, 
 having never held any public office before. 
 
 Kehn, George May, — Born in Reading, Penn- 
 sylvania, March 23, 1805 ; educated at Princeton Col- 
 lege, studied law, and c«me to the bar in 1826 ; soon 
 after became Cashier of the Farmer's Bank at Read- 
 ing. In 1829 lie became interested in the navigation 
 and railroad interests of his district, became a prom- 
 inent official among the Masons, took an interest iu 
 military affairs, and became a Major-General of mi- 
 litia. He was an earnest student of geology and In- 
 dian history, and collections that lie made were do- 
 nated to public institutions, including the Smithson- 
 ian Institution. In 1835 he became the head of a 
 firm which established an extensive rolling-mill ; was 
 a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 
 1837. In that year he was elected to Congress to fill 
 a vacancy, and was twice re-elected. In 1842 he pre- 
 sided at a Congressional dinner given to Charles Dick- 
 ens in Washington ; was himself a writer of verses. 
 By President Taylor he was appointed Marshal of 
 Eastern Penn.sylvania, and re-appointed by President 
 Polk. In 1847' lie was made President of" the " Lib- 
 erty Union ; " was one of the Managers of the Phila- 
 delphia Art Union. In 1852 he was elected Mayor of 
 Reading, and was a Presidential Elector in 1860. He 
 took an interest in raising troops for the Rebellion, 
 and died suddenly June 10, 1861, while drilling a com- 
 pany for the war. 
 
 Kehn, William Hiyh, — He was bom near 
 Reading, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1813 ; educated at 
 the Mount Airy Military School ; rose by regular 
 degrees to the rank of Major-Oeneral of Militia : in 
 1848 he was elected Mayor of Reading ; in 1S5JI he 
 was elected a Representative in Congress ; was also 
 Surveyor-General of the State ; was placed in com- 
 mand of a Division of the Volunteer Army in 1861 ; 
 after a campaign on the U])per Potomac he was 
 appointed a Brigadier-General in the National Anny ; 
 served with honor in the Anny of the Potomac ; and 
 he died at Harrisburg, May 18, 1862, of t}i)hoid fever 
 contracted while in command of his brigade on the 
 Peninsula, and was mentioned with honor by the 
 War Department. 
 
 Keith, Jieiiel, — He was bom iu Georgetown, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, September 1, 1836, his father, 
 bearing the .same name, having been the leading 
 Episcopal Clergyman in that place. Left an orphan 
 at an early age he went to live with his grand-parents 
 in Middlebury, Vermont and was educated at the col- 
 lege in that town ; his genius for mathematics having 
 become known, he was selected to assist in establish- 
 ing the then new observatory at Washington, under 
 Matthew F. Maury ; he received the appointment of 
 Professor of Mathematics in the Navy, and was con- 
 nected with that institution for about eleven years. 
 His health and eyesight having been injured by too 
 close application to his duties he resigned, and subse- 
 quently took charge of the Trinity Female Seminary 
 at Pass Christian in Mississippi ; and during the 
 progress of the Rebellion he continued his school in 
 Mobile ; when the war ended he gave up his school 
 and returned to the District of Columbia ; and for 
 several years past has been engaged ou mathematical 
 calculations for the benefit of the General Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Keitt, jLawrence JIf .— He was bom in Orange- 
 burg District, South Carolina, October 4, 1824 ; 
 graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1843 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1845 ; 
 was elected to the State Legislature in 1848 ; and in 
 1853 to a seat in the National House of Representa- 
 tives, having been regularly re-elected until Decem- 
 ber, 1860, -iN-hen he resigned, serving Ln the Thirty- 
 
 % 
 
236 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 fifth Congress as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Public Buildings and Grounds. Just before leaving 
 Congress, he was elected to the Seceding Convention 
 of South Carolina, and subsequently took an active 
 part in the great Rebellion as a member of the Con- 
 federate Congress. Killed in battle, in Virginia, in 
 June, 1864. o» 
 
 Kelleij, Williatn JK. — Was bom in Philadel- 
 phia, in the spring of 1814 ; received a good English 
 education ; commenced life as a reader in a printing- 
 office ; spent seven years as an apprentice in a jewelry 
 establishment ; removed to Boston and followed his 
 trade there for four years, devoting some attention to 
 literary matters ; returned to Philadelphia, studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and held 
 the office for some years of Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas in Philadelphia. In addition to his 
 many political speeches, a number of literary 
 addresses have been published from his pen. He 
 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to 
 the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Expenditures 
 on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, 
 and on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library, 
 Naval Affairs, and on Freedmen. He was a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; 
 and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on old committees and as Chairman of that on 
 Weights and Measures. Re-elected to the four suc- 
 ceeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on the Centennial Celebration. 
 
 Kellogg, Charles. — He was a native of Berk- 
 shire County, Massachusetts ; served six years in the 
 New York Assembly from Cayuga County, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 
 to 1837. 
 
 Kellogg, Francis W. — Born in Worthington, 
 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, May 30, 1810 ; re- 
 ceived a limited education, and, having removed to 
 Michigan, entered into the business of lumbering. 
 He served in the Legislature of Michigan, and was 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Thir- 
 ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Invalid Pensions ; was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Public Lands and on Expenditures in the Post- 
 OSice Department ; and was also re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Military Affairs. In 1865 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Johnson Collector of Internal 
 Revenue for Alabama, and was elected from that 
 State to the Fortieth Congress. 
 
 Kellogg. Orlando. — He was born in Elizabeth- 
 town, New York, June 18, 1809 ; studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1838 ; in 1840 he was appoint- 
 ed Surrogate of Essex County, which otfice he held 
 for four years ; was elected in 1846 a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirtieth Congress ; re-elected 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, ser\dng on the Com- 
 mittees on Manufactures, and on the Militia ; and in 
 1864 he was reelected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 but died before taking his seat, at Elizabethtown, 
 August 34, 1865. 
 
 Kellogg, Stephen W. — Bom in Shelbume, Mas- 
 sachusetts, April 5, 1832 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1846 ; studied law, and practiced at Naugatuck 
 and Waterbury ; was Judge of the New Haven Coun- 
 ty Court in 1854 ; Clerk of the State Senate in 1851 ; 
 member of the State Senate in 1853, and of the State 
 House of Representatives in 1856 ; elected Judge of 
 Probate in 1854, aad held the office six years ; was a 
 
 Delegate to the National Republican Conventions of 
 1860 and 1868 ; elected to the Forty-first, Forty-sec- 
 ond and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on the Pacific Railroad, War Claims, and 
 Chairman of that on Reform in the Civil Service. 
 
 Kellogg, If 'ill iam. — Bom in Ashtabula County, 
 Ohio, July 8, 1814, and removed to Illinois in 1837. 
 His education was obtained in the common schools of 
 the country, and having studied law, he acquired an 
 extensive practice in the district, of disputed land 
 titles in Illinois. He served in the State Legislature 
 in 1849 and 1850, and was three years Judge of the Cir- 
 cuit Court of Illinois, and elected a Representative 
 from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Public Expendi- 
 tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Judiciary Committee, and on the Special 
 Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
 the Judiciary Committee, and that on Government 
 Expenditures. In 1864 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln Minister to Guatemala, and in 1866 Chief 
 Justice of Nebraska Territory, by President Johnson. 
 
 Kellogg, Williani Pitt. — He was bom in Ver- 
 mont in 1830 ; removed to Illinois in 1848 ; studied 
 law and came to the bar in 1854 ; he was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1856 and 1860, and a Delegate to the 
 Republican Conventions of those years ; was appoint- 
 ed by President Lincoln Chief Justice of Nebraska, 
 which position he resigned to take command of a cav- 
 alry regiment ; for his services in Southern Missouri, 
 and in the Corinth campaign, he was made a Briga- 
 dier-General ; left the army on account of his health; 
 was appointed Collector of the Port of New Orleans ; 
 and in 1868, was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 Louisiana, for the term ending in 1871, serving on the 
 Committees on Commerce and Private Land Claims. 
 He was subsequently elected Governor of Louisiana, 
 his right to be recognized as such having been con- 
 tested with much bitterness between the political 
 parties of the State. 
 
 Kelly, James, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1809. 
 
 Kelly, James K. — Bom in Centre County, 
 Pennsylvania, February 16, 1819 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1839 ; studied law and came to 
 the bar in 1843 ; went to California in 1849, and to 
 Oregon in 1851 ; was elected in 1853 one of three 
 commissioners to prepare a code of laws for that Ter- 
 ritory ; was a member of the Legislative Council from 
 1853 to 1857 ; a member of the Convention which 
 framed the Constitution of Oregon in 1857 ; was a 
 Senator in the State Legislature from 1860 to 1864 ; 
 was appointed United States District Attorney for Ore- 
 gon in 1860, but declined ; in 1855 he was chosen Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon Mount- 
 ed Volunteers, and was engaged in the Yakima Indian 
 war in 1855 and 1856 ; and was elected a Senator in 
 Congress for the term commencing in 1871 and ending 
 in 1877, serving on the Committees on Post-Ofiices, 
 Mines and Mining, and Military Affairs. 
 
 Kelly, John. — Bom in the City of New York, 
 April 31, 1821 ; educated at the public schools in that 
 city ; by trade a mason ; was Alderman of the city for 
 two years ; and elected a Representative in the Thir- 
 ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Ways and Means. In October, 1858, 
 he was elected High Sheriff for the City and County 
 of New York. He was also a Delegate to the "Chi- 
 cago Convention " of 1864. 
 
 Kelly, Milton. — He was bom in New York, and 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 237 
 
 Court for the Territory of Idaho. This Judge has 
 been incorrectly placed upon the records as Kellogg. 
 
 Kelly, Williatn. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Louisiana during the years 1821 and 
 1833 ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1833 to 
 1825. 
 
 Kelsey, Will lam H. — He was bom in Smyrna, 
 New York, October 3, 1813 ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; in 1840 he was appointed Surrogate of Liv- 
 ingston County ; in 1850 District Attorney of the same 
 County ; was elected a Representative from New 
 York to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on Agriculture ; and re- 
 elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on Appropriations and Ac- 
 counts. 
 
 Kelso, John S, — Bom in Franklin County, 
 Ohio, March 21, 1831 ; educated at Pleasant Ridge 
 College, Missouri ; was for a time the Principal of an 
 academy ; served through the war for the Union as a 
 Lieutenant and Captain, and in 1864 he was elected a 
 Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post-Office 
 and Post-Roads. He was also a Delegate to the Phil- 
 adelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Kemble, Go»verneur. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Kemper, James li. — He was bom in Madison 
 County, Virginia, in 1834 ; was educated at Wash- 
 ington College and at the Virginia Military Institute ; 
 became a lawyer in 1846 ; served through the war 
 with Mexico as a Captain ; served ten years in the 
 Legislature of his native State ; served as a Colonel, 
 and became a Major-General in the Confederate Army 
 during the Rebellion, having been wounded and left 
 for dead on the field of battle at Gettysburg ; in 
 1874 he was elected Governor of Virginia. 
 
 Kempshall, Tliomas. — He was bom in Eng- 
 land, and, having emigrated to New York, was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 
 to 1841. He was one of the pioneers of Rochester, 
 and died in that city, January 14, 1865. 
 
 Kenan, Thomas. — Bom in Duplin County, 
 North Carolina, in 1771. In 1799 he was a member of 
 the House of Delegates ; served in the State Senate in 
 1804 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 North Carolina from 1805 to 1811. He subsequently 
 removed to Alabama, where he served for many years 
 in the Legislature of that State, but declined a re- 
 election to Congress. Died near Selma, October 23, 
 1843. 
 
 Kendall, Amos. — He was bom in Dunstable, 
 Massachusetts, August 16, 1789 ; commenced his edu- 
 cation while a farmer's boy at the academies of New 
 Ipswich and Groton ; taught school at N(jrth Reading, 
 and with the money thus obtained, entered Dartmouth 
 College, and graduated with honor. In 1811 he com- 
 menced the study of law ; in 1814 he visited Wash- 
 ington City, and thence went to Lexington, Kentucky, 
 where he was a tutor for one year in the family of 
 Henry Clay ; in 1816 he was appointed Postmaster of 
 Georgeto\vn, Kentucky, and while practicing his pro- 
 fession edited a newspaper called the Argus, and for 
 many years was a constant writer for the political 
 press ; became a Director in the Bank of the Common- 
 wealth ; in 1839 he was appointed by President Jack- 
 son Fourth Auditor of the Treasury ; and in May, 
 1835, he was promoted to the position of Postmaster- 
 General, in which position he continued under Pres- 
 
 ident Van Buren until May, 1840. He subsequently 
 took up his permanent residence in Washington City. 
 Soon after the claims of Professor Morse in regard to 
 the telegraph had been recognized by Congress, he 
 became identified with the practical workings of that 
 invention. He was also the founder of the Deaf and 
 Dumb Institution in Washington ; and at the cost of 
 one hundred thousand dollars, he built as a memorial 
 to his wife the Baptist Calvary Church of Washing- 
 ton. In 1806 he went to Europe on a tour of pleasure, 
 extending his travels even to the Holy Land ; and at 
 the time of his death was engaged in writing a His- 
 tory of his Life and Times. He is also the author of 
 a Life of Andrew Jackson. Died in Washington, 
 June 13, 1869. 
 
 Kendall, Charles West, — He was bom in 
 
 Searsmont, Maine, April 22, 1828 ; educated at Phil- 
 lips Academy, Massachusetts, and attended a partial 
 course at Yale College ; studied law in Sacramento, 
 California, and practiced in Nevada ; was a member 
 of the Legislature of California in 1861 and 1863, and 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses from Nevada, serving on the Committees on 
 Mines and Mining and Treasury Department. 
 
 Kendall, Jonas, — He was bom at Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, in 1757 ; obtained a finished education 
 by his own unaided exertions ; served thirteen years 
 in the Legislature of Massachusetts ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 
 1821. Died in Leominster, Massachusetts, October 
 22, 1844. 
 
 Kendall, .Joseph G.— Bom in 1788 ; gradu- 
 ated at Harvard University in 1810, and was a tutor 
 there from 1812 to 1819. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Massachusetts from 1829 to 
 1833 ; and then appointed Clerk of the State Courts. 
 He died at Worcester, Massachusetts, October 2, 
 1847. 
 
 Kennedy, Andrew. — Bom in Ohio, in 1810; 
 was bred a blacksmith, and at the age of nineteen 
 could neither read nor write. He subsequently 
 studied law, and was a member of the State Senate 
 of Indiana ; and represented that State in Congress 
 from 1841 to 1847. He died at Muncietown, Indiana, 
 December 31, 1847. 
 
 Kennedy, Anthony. — Bom in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, in 1811 ; removed, when ten years of age, 
 to Virginia ; educated at Jefferson Academy, Charles- 
 town, Virginia ; studied law, but abandoned it, and 
 subsequently engaged in the manufacture of cotton 
 and in planting. He was a member of the Legislature 
 of Virginia from 1839 to 1843, and an unsuccessful 
 candidate for Congress from Virginia ; removed to 
 Baltimore in 1850, and was elected to the Maryland 
 Legislature in 1856, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Ways and Means, and by that body elect- 
 ed to the United States Senate for six years from 
 March 4, 1857, serving as a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Private Land Claims, and on the District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 Kennedy, James K. — He was an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Washington. 
 
 Kennedy, John P. — He was bom in Baltimore, 
 October, 1795. He studied law, and practiced in that 
 city until 1838, when he was elected to the House of 
 Representatives, in the Federal Legislature, and 
 served in that body through the Twenty-fifth, 
 Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-eighth Congresses ; 
 elected in 1846 to the House of Delegates of Maryland 
 (of which ho had been a member iji the sessions of 
 
238 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1830 and 1832) ; he was made Speaker, and took an 
 active part in the measure which was then adopted to 
 resume the payment of the State debt, and the resto- 
 ration of the public credit. In 1823 he was Secretary 
 of Legation to Chili. Since 1847, he has held no 
 political post, but has devoted his time to literary 
 pursuits. His last national position was that of Sec- 
 retary of the Navy, under President Fillmore. In 
 1849 he was chosen by the Regents of the University 
 of Slaryland to preside over that institution, as 
 Provost, which position he now occupies. Among his 
 various political tracts, speeches, reports, and ad- 
 dresses, which have been published, are "A Re\'iew 
 of Mr. Cambreling's Free-Trade Report, by Mephis- 
 topheles," in 1830 ; " The Memorial of the Permanent 
 Committee of the New York Convention of Friends of 
 Domestic Industry," in 1833 ; an elaborate report on 
 " The Commerce and Navigation of the United 
 States, by the Committee of Commerce " (of which 
 Mr. Kennedy was Chairman), in 1843 ; and a report 
 from the same Committee on " The Warehouse 
 System," in 1843. Besides these, he has published 
 several pamphlets and tracts, la defense of the pro- 
 tective sy.-^tem. In the field of general literature, he 
 is known to the public as the author of " Swallow 
 Barn ; a Sojourn in the Old Dominion," " Horseshoe 
 Robinson," "Rob of the Bowl," "Quod Libet," 
 "Memoirs of the Life of William Wirt, late At- 
 torney-General of the United States," sundry histori- 
 cal, biographical, and literary discourses, essays and 
 reviews, which have not yet been collected into 
 volumes. He was an active member of the Historical 
 Society of Maryland, and for a long time its Vice- 
 President. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, in 
 August, 1870. 
 
 Kennedy, Joseph C. G, — He was born in 
 Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1813 ; his father, Samuel 
 Kennedy, having distinguished himself as a surgeon 
 in the Revolution. He was educated at the Allegha- 
 ny College, and studied law ; edited a country paper 
 for several years, and paid attention to agriculture ; 
 in 1849 he was invited to Washington, and made Sec- 
 retary of the Census Board ; drafted the bill which 
 established the Census Bureau, to the head of which 
 he was appointed ; in 18.51 he visited Europe on offi- 
 cial business connected with cheap postage and 
 other matters ; in 1862 appointed a Commissioner to 
 the London International Exhibition. The official 
 publications which he has directed, and his writings 
 for the press on Statistics, and various other topics in- 
 teresting to the public, are very numerous. As a man 
 of culture and refinement, he has been a prominent 
 figure in the society of Washington City for more than 
 the fourth of a century, and the honors that he re- 
 ceived from the learned men and societies of Europe 
 for his labor on the Census were most unusual and 
 complimentary. 
 
 Ken n ed If, IV ill i am. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from North Carolina from 1803 to 1805, 
 from 1809 to 1811, and from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Kennetf, Luther M. — He was born in Fal- 
 mouth, Pendleton County, Kentucky, March 15, 1807 ; 
 received a good English and classical education ; was 
 for a number of years Deputy Clerk of Pendleton and 
 Campbell Counties ; he studied law, and in 1835 re- 
 moved to Missouri, where he engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits ; having settled in St. Louis in 1842, he was 
 elected to the Councils of that city ; in 1849 he was 
 Chairman of the " Pacific Railroad Convention," held 
 in St. Louis, and subseqnently Vice-President of the 
 company formed for commencing the work ; in 1850 
 he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, and re-elected in 
 1851 and 1853. In 1853 he was elected President of 
 the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad ; and he was 
 
 a Representative in Congress from Missouri (St. Louis 
 District) from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Kennon, VilUan}, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 
 to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Kent, Edward, — Bom in Concord, New Hamp- 
 shire, January 8, 1803 ; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1831 ; studied law, and attended a course of 
 lectures by Chancellor Kent in New York ; settled in 
 practice at Bangor, Maine, in 1825, and became emi- 
 nent in his profession. In 1827 he was appointed Chief 
 Justice of the Court of Sessions for Penob.scot County ; 
 and from 1839 to 1833 was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture. He was afterwards Mayor of Bangor for two 
 years, and Governor of Maine from 1838 to 1840. In 
 1843 he was appointed by the Legislature one of the 
 Commissioners for settling the Maine boundary line 
 under the Ashburton Treaty. In 1848 he was a. Dele- 
 gate to the Convention w'hich nominated General Tay- 
 lor, and he was appointed by him Consul to Rio 
 Janeiro. In the spring of 18.54 he returned to Bangor 
 and resumed his profession. In 1859 was appointed 
 Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine. In 
 1855 received the degree of LL.D. from Wat. Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Kent, James. — Was born in Philippi, Putnam 
 County, New York, July 31, 1763 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1781 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1787 ; began to practice in Poughkeepsie ; 
 was a member of the Legislature in 1790 and 1793 ; 
 removed to New York in 1793 and became Professor 
 of Law in Columbia College, from which institution 
 he received the degree of LL.D. in 1797. Counseled 
 by Hamilton, he directed his attention to civil law ; 
 appointed Master in Chancery, and elected to the Leg- 
 islature in 1798 ; was City Recorder in 1797 ; Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of New York in 1798 ; Chief 
 Justice in July 1804 : and Chancellor from February, 
 1814, to August, 1833. In 1832 he represented Albany 
 County in the State Constitutional Convention, of 
 which he was a distinguished member ; was appointed 
 Law Professor in Columbia College in 1834, and his 
 lectures delivered there form the basis of his Com- 
 mentaries on the United States Constitution, pub- 
 lished in four volumes from 1825 to 1830. He wrote 
 a treatise on the City Charter, and the powers of the 
 Municipal Officers, at the request of the Common 
 Council, which was published in 1836. Was made 
 President of the New Yorlv Historical Society in 1828. 
 He was one of the first legal writers of the time, and 
 his decisions in law and equity are preserved in the 
 Reports of Caines and .lohnson. He spent the latter 
 part of his life in enlarging and revising his celebrated 
 Commentaries. He died in New York city, Decem- 
 ber 13, 1847. 
 
 Kent, Joseph. — Born in 1779 in Calvert County, 
 Maryland ; was educated for a ]>hysician, and com- 
 bined the practice of his profession with the pursuits 
 of agriculture. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from his native State from 1811 to 1815, and from 
 1831 to 1826 ; Governor of Marvland from 1830 to 
 1839 ; and United States Senator "from 1833 to 1837. 
 He died near his residence in the vicinity of Bladens- 
 burg, Maryland, November 34, 1839. 
 
 Kent, Moss. — He was the father of James Kent, 
 a member of the New York Assembly in 1807 and 
 1810, from Jefferson County, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Kent, fVUliam. — He was born in 1803, and was 
 the son of James Kent; was for many years a success- 
 ful lawyer in New York city, and a Judge of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 230 
 
 Circuit Court; for a short time was aProfeseor in Har- 
 vard University, and died at Fishkill, New York, 
 January 4, 1861. 
 
 Kenj/on, Wilfiam S. — He was elected a Repre- 
 Bentativ'e from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Pri- 
 vate Land Claims. 
 
 Jver, Dovid. — He was an early emigrant to tho 
 Territory of Mississippi, and in 1808 was appointed a 
 Judge of the United States Court for that Territory. 
 
 Kernnn, Francis, — He was born in Steuben 
 County, New York, January 14, 1816 : received his 
 education at the Georgetown College, District of Co- 
 lumbia; adopted and practiced the profession of law ; 
 held for a time the office of Reporter of the Court of 
 Appeals : served in the State Legislature; and was 
 elected a Re])resentative from New York to the Thir- 
 ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 Judiciary. He was also a Regent of the University 
 of Utica, and a Delegate to the " State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1867, and the National Convention 
 held in New York in 1868. Subsequently elected to 
 the United States Senate for the term commencing in 
 1875, serving on the Committees on Fin;nice and Pat- 
 ents. 
 
 Kerr, 'John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817, 
 
 Kerr, tTohn, — He was born in North Carolina, 
 received a liberal education, and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law; was a Representative in Congress from 
 his native State from 1853 to 1855 ; and was subse- 
 quently elected to the House of Commons of that 
 State. 
 
 Kerr, John Boznian,— Born at Easton, Tal- 
 bot County, Maryland, March 5, 1809; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1830. He studied law at Eas- 
 ton, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; was a mem- 
 ber of the General Assembly of Marj-land from 1836 
 to 1838; and from 1847 to 1849 he acted as Deputy for 
 the Attorney-General of Maryland for Talbot County. 
 From 1849 to 1851 he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress, and at the end of the session was appointed by 
 President Fillmore Charge d'Affairs to the Republic 
 of Nicaragua. During tlie Revolution of 1851 he }iad 
 the good fortune, as the National Representative in 
 Central America, to bring about an armistice, and was 
 instrumental in saving the lives of leading officers 
 of the revolutionary party, for which he received a 
 formal ex|irepsion of thanks from the Executive on 
 leaving the country; and in 1853 the Congress of the 
 Unite3 States votedhim an extra sum for services in 
 Central America. In 18.54 he resumed the practice of 
 his profession in the city of Baltimore, and subse- 
 quently held an office under the Attorney-General in 
 Washington, after which he was appointed Deputy 
 Solicitor of the Court of Claims. He was the son of 
 J. L. Kerr. 
 
 Kerr, rToIin L, — He was born at Grcenbury 
 Point, near Annapolis, Maryland, January 15, 1780; 
 graduated at St. John's College in 1799; studied law 
 ^\ith John Leeds Boznian, and practiced the profession 
 with success; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Maryland from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 
 to 1S33; he was also a Senator in Congress from 1841 
 to 1843. He was a member of the " National Conven- 
 tion " held at Harrisburg in 1839, and at the head of 
 the electoral ticket for President during the same 
 year. Before entering Congi'ess, he was the Agent of 
 Maryland in the prosecution of militia claims against 
 the United States. He died at his homestead, in 
 Maryland, February 21, 1844. 
 
 Kerr, Joseph. — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1814 to 1815, having succeeded 
 Thomas VVorthington. 
 
 Kerr, Michael C— Born near Titusville, Craw- 
 ford County, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1837 ; was 
 chiefly self-educated," but studied at several acade- 
 mies; for a time taught school; studied law in the 
 University of Louisville, and received the degree of 
 Bachelor of Laws. After a brief residence in Ken- 
 tucky he settled at New Albany, Indiana. In 1850 
 he was elected for two years to the State Assembly; 
 in 1863 he was elected Reporter to the Sujireme 
 Court of the State, and published five volumes; and 
 in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Indiana 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Private Land Cfaims, and on Accounts. Re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Elections, and Roads and Canals. He was 
 also re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second 
 Congresses, serving on various important Committees, 
 chiefly the Judiciary; and having been re-elected to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress, he was the choice of his 
 party for Speaker, and was duly elected. 
 
 Kerrigan, James E.— Re was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, leaving his seat for a time to serve as Col- 
 onel of Volunteers in the troubles of 1861. 
 
 Kershaw, John. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed 
 by President Madison one of the three Commission- 
 ers to run the Creek boundary lines. 
 
 Ketcha'in, John H. — He was born in Dover, 
 Dutchess County, New York, December 21. 1831; re- 
 ceived an academical education, and adopted the oc- 
 CH]iation of a farmer. He was for two years Super- 
 visor of his native town ; was a member of the Assem- 
 bly in 1856 and 1857; of the State Senate in 1860 and 
 1861. In 1863 lie entered the military service, and as 
 Colonel of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York 
 Volunteers served until January, 1865, when he was 
 made a Brigadier-General by brevet, which position 
 he resigned in March, 1865, having previously been 
 elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Military Affairs. He was also one of the Representa- 
 tives designated by the Hou.se to attend the funeral 
 of General Scott in 1866. Re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Exjienditurea 
 in the Post-Office Department, and Military Affairs. 
 Also re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second 
 Congresses, serving on various Committees.. In 1874 
 he was appointed one of the Commissioners for the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Kefchuni, IVinfhroj) W. — Born in Wilkes- 
 barre, Pennsylvania, in 1830 ; was school teacher for 
 eight years ; was admitted to the bar in 1850, and 
 has practiced law ever since ; was Prothonotary of 
 the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County from 
 1855 to 1858 ; was a member of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives of the State in 1859 ; State Senator in 1860, 
 1861, and 1862 ; was appointed Solicitor of tlie United 
 States Court of Claims by Mr. Lincoln in 1865 ; held 
 the office two years and resigned. He was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Keift David 31. — Born in Greene County, Ten- 
 nessee, January 27, 1834 ; worked on his father's 
 farm until twenty-one years of age ; graduated at 
 Hiwassie College in 1850 ; studied law, and practiced 
 with success at Chattanooga ; was a Presidential 
 
249 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 Elector in 1836 ; served as a Colonel in the Confeder- 
 ate Army ; received his political pardon from Presi- 
 dent Johnson ; in 1869 he was elected to the State 
 Constitutional Convention ; in 1870 he was elected a 
 Chancellor of the State, and in August, 1875, he was 
 appointed a Senator in Congress to succeed his old 
 friend Andrew Johnson. 
 
 Key, Francis Scott, — Although this man was 
 neither a member of Congress, a Federal Judge, a 
 Diplomat, nor a Governor, he has a most undoubted 
 right as a guest, and the peer of the most distin- 
 guished of his countrymen, to appear in this volume. 
 He did, indeed, hold a minor ofiBce under the Federal 
 Government, but his passport on the present occasion, 
 is the fact that he was a patriot, and by a simple 
 national anthem has done more than any other mawto 
 keep alive the sentiment of loyalty to the American 
 Flag. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, 
 August 1, 1779 ; his father, John Ross Key, having 
 been a Revolutionary officer. He was educated at St. 
 John's College ; studied law with his distinguished 
 uncle, Philip Barton Key ; came to the bar in 1801 at 
 Frederick, and subsequently removed to Washington 
 City, where he was United States Attorney for the 
 District of Columbia. He was a writer of poetry ; 
 and the author of " The Star-Spangled Banner." The 
 correspondence that passed between him and John 
 Randolph, as it appears in Garland's Life of the latter 
 statesman, suggests the belief that an elaborate his- 
 tory of his own life would be an exceedingly valuable 
 and interesting production. 
 
 Key, Philip. — Was bom in St. Mary's County, 
 Maryland, in 1750 ; received a classical and commer- 
 cial education ; was devoted to agricultural pursuits ; 
 served a number of years in the Legislature of Mary- 
 land, and was for one or two terms Speaker. He also 
 rendered some service in the Municipal Courts of his 
 native county. His service as a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland, was from 1791 to 1793. 
 Died in his native place in January, 1830. 
 
 Key, Philip Barton, — Bom in Cecil County, 
 Maryland, in 1765 ; was liberally educated ; entered 
 the English army as a Captain, and when the Revolu- 
 tionary War broke out, he refused to bear arms against 
 the Colonies ; he had a small command and some 
 service at Pensacola, Florida, where he was a hard 
 student ; and after the peace he returned to Maryland, 
 where he took a high position as a lawyer. He also 
 represented Annapolis in the State Legislature. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 
 1807 to 1813, and died at Georgetown, District of Co- 
 lumbia, July 38, 1815. 
 
 Keyes, Elias, — He was born in Ashford, Connec- 
 ticut : was a Representative in Congress from Ver- 
 mont from 1831 to 1833. From 1803 to 1818 he was 
 a State Councilor ; and a member of the Legislature 
 of Vermont for a period of eighteen years, from Stock- 
 bridge County. 
 
 Ki(lde7'\ David, — He was born in Dresden, Lin- 
 coln County, Maine, December 8, 1787 ; received a 
 classical education from private tutors ; studied law, 
 and settled in Somerset County, where he was Coun- 
 ty Attorney from 1811 to 1833 ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maine from 1838 to 1837 ; and a 
 member of the State Legislature in 1829. Died No- 
 vember 1, 1860. 
 
 Kidder, Jefferson P. — Born at Braintree, Ver- 
 mont ; educated at the common schools ; graduated at 
 the Norwich University ; studied and practiced law ; 
 •was State Attorney from 1813 to 1817 ; a member of 
 the State Constitutional Convention in 1843 ; of the 
 State Senate in 1847 and 1848 ; Lieutenant-Governor 
 
 in 1853 and 1854 ; removed to Minnesota in 1857, and 
 was elected to the Legislature in 1860, 1863, and 1863 ; 
 was a Provisional Delegate from Dakota Territory, 
 while traveling there ; was appointed an Associate 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Dakota in 1865, and 
 removed there ; was re-appointed in 1869, and again 
 in 1873, and after holding the position ten years, he 
 resigned on being elected a Delegate from Dakota to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Kidivell, Zedekiah. — He was born in Fairfax 
 County, Virginia, January 4, 1814 ; was educated by 
 his father ; studied medicine, and graduated at the 
 Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1839. 
 After practicing medicine some years, he commenced 
 in 1848 the study of law, and began to practice as a 
 lawyer in 1849 ; he served a number of years in the 
 Legislature of Virginia ; was a member of the " State 
 Constitutional Convention " in 1849 ; was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1853, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1853 to 1857. In 1857 he was 
 elected one of three Commissioners to superintend the 
 public works for the State of Virginia, representing 
 in that board the Third District. Died in Fairmount, 
 April 27, 1872. 
 
 Kilbourn, James, — Bom in New Britain, Con- 
 necticut, October 19, 1770. While apprenticed as a 
 farmer's boy he received instruction in Latin and 
 Greek and mathematics from the son of his employer ; 
 was next a mechanic, then a merchant and manufac- 
 turer, and finally studied divinity, and became a cler- 
 gyman of the Episcopal Church. In 1803 he was in- 
 strumental in forming an emigrating colony to Cen- 
 tral Ohio, called the " Scioto Company. " A town was 
 soon organized, and named Worthington. In 1805 he 
 was appointed by Congress to the oSice of United 
 States Surveyor of Public Lands ; and in 1806 he was 
 chosen by the Legislature a member of the Board of 
 Trustees of Ohio College, at Athens. In 1813 he was 
 appointed by the President a Commissioner to settle 
 the boundary between the Public Lands and the Vir- 
 ginia Reservation, and also commissioned as Colonel 
 of the Frontier Regiment. He was one of the Com- 
 missioners for locating Miami University, and Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees of Worthington College. 
 From 1813 to 1817 he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Ohio. In 1823 he was elected to the Ohio 
 Legislature, serving on fourteen committees, and was 
 re-elected in 1838, and subsequently devoted much at- 
 tention to matters of State policy. He died in Worth- 
 ington, Ohio, AprU 24, 1850. 
 
 Kilf/ore, Daniel, — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1835 to 1839. Died in New York, December 13, 
 1851. 
 
 Kilgore, David, — He was bom in Harrison 
 County, Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and removed vrith 
 his father to Indiana in 1819, and settled in Franklin 
 County. He received a common-school education, 
 and commenced the study of law in 1835, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1830, and removed to Delaware 
 County. In 1833 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and served several years. In 1839 he was elected 
 by the Legislature President Judge of the Judicial 
 Circuit in which he resided, and held the office seven 
 years. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the Constitutional 
 Convention of the State. In 1854 he was again elected 
 to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House. 
 In 1856 he was elected a Representative from Indiana 
 to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was re-elected to the 
 Thirty sixth, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and 
 that on the District of Columbia. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 241 
 
 mile, tTosep7l.—B.e was born in New Jersey, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from tliat 
 State from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Killett, JTl/lUtm. — Bom in Ireland in 1722; 
 came to America in his fifteentli year; received a 
 liberal education by private study ; was a county 
 Surveyor in Delaware ; studied law, and practiced 
 the profes.sion with success ; was a member of the 
 State Legislature ; was the first Chief Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the State from 1776 to 1793 ; 
 Chancellor of the State from 1793 to 1801 ; and died 
 in Dover, Delaware, October 3, 1805. 
 
 ILilliufjer, John W. — He was born in Lebanon, 
 Pennsylvania, September 18, 1825 ; graduated at 
 Marshall College, in 1843 ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1846 ; was Attorney for Lebanon County 
 until 1849 ; elected to the House of Representatives 
 of the State in 1830 and 1851 ; elected to the State 
 Senate in 1854, serving three years ; was elected to 
 the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Forty-second, and 
 Forty -third Congresses, serving on the Committees 
 on Revision of Laws and Pacific Railroad. 
 
 liiljidfrick, tflldsoii.— Bom near Dickertovm, 
 New Jersey, January 14, 1836 ; graduated at West 
 Point in 1861 ; entered the First Artillery, and was 
 woimded at Big Bethel, Virginia, in June, 1861 ; 
 Lieutenant Colonel, and Aid-de-Camp in 1862 ; Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of New York Cavalry in September, 
 1861, and was at the Battle of Manassas ; Colonel of 
 Second New York Cavalry in 1863 ; Commander of 
 Cavalry in 1863 ; and was brevetted Major after the 
 action at Aklie. Was Commander of Cavalry in the 
 Army of the Potomac, and in the Army of the Cum- 
 berland, and was wounded at Resaca in 1864 ; se- 
 verely wounded, and brevetted Colonel in the 
 "March to the Sea." Captain of the Eighteenth 
 Artillery in 1864 ; brevet Major General for the cap- 
 ture of Fayetteville, North Carolina, in March, 1865 ; 
 Major-Qeneral United States Army for campaign in 
 the Carolinas ; and Major-General of Volunteers in 
 June, 1865. Was Minister to Chili from 1865 to 1870. 
 
 Kilfi/, Willi am. —Re settled in the City of 
 Washington in 1800, and in the following year was 
 appointed Chief Justice of the Circuit Court for the 
 District of ColumTiia. 
 
 Kimball, Alanson M.—Bom in Buxton, York 
 County, Maine, March 13, 1827 ; received a common- 
 school and academic education ; removed to the 
 State of Wisconsin, and there became a member of 
 the Legislature in 1863 and 1864 ; by occupation has 
 been a merchant, and in 1864 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Wisconsin to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 
 Jiincaifl, •John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1829 to 1833. 
 
 Kinff, Adam, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1833, and 
 died May 6, 1835. 
 
 King, Anrlrcw. — He was born in Greenbrier 
 County, Virginia, March 30, 1812 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; studied law, and settled in 
 Missouri ; was elected to the State Senate in 1846 ; 
 to the House of Representatives in 1858 ; was 
 Judge of the Circuit Court from 1859 to 1864 ; and 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Freedmen's Affairs. 
 
 Killff, Atisfin A.— Re was born in Sullivan 
 County, Tennessee, September 20, 1801 ; received as 
 good an education as the country then afforded ; 
 16 
 
 studied law, and was licensed to practice on becom- 
 ing of age ; removed to Missouri in 1830 ; in 1834 
 was elected to the Missouri Legislature ; re-elected 
 to the same position in 1836 ; in 1837 he was ap- 
 pointed a Circuit Judge for Ray County, which posi- 
 tion he held until 1848, when he was elected Gover- 
 nor of Missouri, the term of that office expiring in 
 1853 ; in 1862 he was again placed upon the bench in 
 his old Circuit, and during that year was elected a 
 Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. 
 Died in St. Louis, April 33, 1870. 
 
 Ki)l(f, Cyrus,— Born in Scarborough, Massachu- 
 setts, September 6, 1772 ; graduated at Columbia 
 College in 1794 ; was private Secretary to Rufus 
 King, his half brother, in 1796 ; studied law, and 
 practiced twenty years in Saco ; was a Major-General 
 of Militia ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817. Died April 
 25, 1817. 
 
 King, Daniel Putnam. — Bom in Danvers, 
 Massachusetts, in 1800 ; graduated at Harvard in 
 1823. At first he contemplated the study of the law, 
 but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture. 
 In 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the Massachu- 
 setts Legislature ; in 1838 and 1839 a member of the 
 State Senate ; and in 1840 and 1841 President of that 
 body ; Speaker of the House in 1843, and during 
 that year he was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress, and held that position until his death, which 
 occurred in Danvers, July 35, 1850. 
 
 King, Edward, — He was bom in Philadelphia 
 in 1795 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1816 ; 
 was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
 from 1825 to 1851. Died May 8, 1873. 
 
 King, George C — He was born in Rhode Isl- 
 and, and graduated at Brown University in 1825 ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1853. Was Presidential Elector in 1849, 
 and died at Newport, July 17, 1870. 
 
 King, Iletiri/, — Bom in Hampden, Hampshire 
 County, Massachusetts. Studied law at Wilkes- 
 barre, Pennsylvania, and began the practice of it at- 
 Allentown, in the same State, about the year 1815. . 
 He was a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania, 
 when he was elected a Representative in the Twenty- 
 second Congress ; and re-elected to the Twenty-third. 
 He separated from the Democratic party on the ques- 
 tion growing out of the removal of the government 
 deposits from the Bank of the United States. Re- 
 tiring from political life, he resumed the practiceof 
 law. He died July 13, 1861, aged seventy -one years. . 
 
 King, Horatio.— Re was bom in Paris, Oxford 
 County, Maine, June 21, 1811, his grandfather and 
 three uncles having fought in the Revolution ; re- 
 ceived a good common-school education ; when quite- 
 young he became identified as printer and publisher 
 with a newspaper called 'Ihe Jeffersoriian, which was 
 finally merged in Tlie Eastern Argus ; in 1839 he set- 
 tled in Washington City as a clerk in the Post-OiBce 
 Department, where he continued, and received vari- 
 ous promotions ; in 1850, he became connected with 
 the Foreign Mail Service, in which capacity he origi- 
 nated and perfected certain postal arrangements of 
 great importance ; in 1854 he was appointed First 
 A.ssistant Postmaster-General, and in January, 1861, 
 while acting as Postmaster-General, he was ques- 
 tioned by a member of Congress, from South Caro- 
 lina, in regard to the franking privilege ; when, by 
 his reply, he was the first officially to deny the power 
 of a State to take itself out of the Union. From 
 President Buchanan he received the- appointment of 
 
242 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Postmaster-General, serving from the 13th of Feb- 
 ruary until the 4tli of March, 1861 ; and during the 
 existence of the Rebellion he was appointed one of a 
 Board of Commissioners to carry out the Emancipa- 
 tion Law for the District of Columbia ; and he also 
 served gratuitously as Treasurer of the Maine Sol- 
 diers' Relief Association. 
 
 Kiiiff, Jfatnes, — He was bom at High wood. 
 New Jersey, in 1791 ; was taken to England by his 
 father when American Minister, and was educated 
 there, and graduated at Harvard College in 1810 ; 
 was an eminent merchant and banker in New York 
 city ; and a Representative in Congress from New 
 Jersey from 1849 to 1851. He died in Highwood, 
 New "jersey, October 3, 1853. 
 
 Kirif/, •Jamen G. — He was born in Everton, 
 near Liverpool, England, May 8, 1819 ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1839 ; studied law in New York, 
 and came to the bar in 1843 ; was appointed Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of the State in 1850, holding the 
 office two years ; and afterwards joined his father in 
 the banking business. Died in New York, June 11, 
 1867. 
 
 Kitiff, ,Tohn. — He was bom in 1775 ; served in 
 Congress as a Representative from New York from 
 1831 to 1833 ; and died at New Lebanon, New York, 
 September 1, 1836. 
 
 Khiff, •ToJin A. — He was born in New York, 
 January 3, 1788 ; educated at Harrow, England ; and 
 was devoted somewhat to farming. He was a mem- 
 ber of the New York Assembly from 1819 to 1821 ; 
 and re-elected in 1833 and in 1840 from Queens 
 County ; and in 1833 he was elected to the State Sen- 
 ate. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1849 to 1851 ; and was also Gover- 
 nor of New York from 1856 to 1858. Rufus King, 
 the diplomatist, was his father, and James G. King, 
 of New Jersey, was his brother. He was also ap- 
 pointed Secretary of Legation at London in 1836, and, 
 on the return of his father, acted as Charge d'Af- 
 faires. In 1859 he was a Delegate to the " State 
 Convention " held at Saratoga ; and a Presidential 
 Elector in 1860. He was also a Delegate to the 
 "Peace Congress" of 1861; to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention" of 18G6 ; and to the 
 State " Constitutional Convention" of 1867. Died at 
 Jamaica, Long Island, July 7, 1867. He was devoted 
 to farming, and President of the State Agricultural 
 Society for many years. 
 
 Kiiifj, 'Tohn P. — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Khtfi, •John W. — He was an Associate Justice of 
 the United States Court for the Territory of Wyo 
 ming. 
 
 Khiff, Perhins. — He was born in New Marl 
 borimgli. Berkshire County, Massachusetts, January 
 13, 1784 ; moved to Greene County, New York, in 
 1S()3, and devoted himself to the legal profession ; in 
 1836 he was made Judge of Greene County, and held 
 the position until 1850 ; served two terms in the State 
 IjCgislature ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1839 to 1831 ; and he died in Greene 
 County, November 29, 1875, having been the oldest 
 ex-Cougressman in the State of New York. 
 
 King, Presfon, — He was born in Ogdensburg, 
 St. Lawrence County, New York, October 14, 1806 ; 
 graduated at Union College ; studied law, and prac- 
 ticed the profession ; during the administration of 
 Andrew Jackson he established and edited the St. 
 Lawnnce UepuUican, and in 1834 was appointed Post- 
 
 master of Ogdensburg ; was a member of the New 
 York Legislature in 1835, 1836, 1837, and 1838 ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1843 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1853 ; in 1857 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress, which position he 
 retained until 1863, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. During his ser- 
 vice in the Senate he was Chairman of the National 
 Republican Committee ; was a Delegate to the " Bal- 
 timore Convention" in 1864, and a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in the same year ; and in the summer of 1865 he 
 was appointed by President Johnson Collector of the 
 Port of New York. He was drowned in the harbor of 
 New York, November 13, 1865, having, as it is sup- 
 posed, while in a fit of derangement, thrown himself 
 overboard from a ferry-boat. On the day that his 
 successor in the Custom House entered upon his du- 
 ties, in May, 1866, the body of the deceased was 
 picked up in the Hudson River, and was buried with 
 suitable honors. 
 
 King, Bufiis.—'Re was born in Scarborough, 
 Maine, March 34, 1755 ; was educated at Dummer 
 Academy, in Newbury, Massachusetts ; graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1777 ; in 1778 he was Aidde- 
 camp to Sullivan in his expedition against the British 
 in Rhode Island ; he studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in Newbur_\-port, Massachusetts, in 1780 ; 
 he was elected from that town to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; in 1784 was elected a Delegate to Congress at 
 Trenton ; was a member of the State Convention of 
 Massachusetts, held in 1787 ; he was a member of the 
 Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, 
 and signed that instrument ; removing to New York 
 city in 1778, he was in 1789 elected a Senator in Con- 
 gress, and served his entire term, and was re-elected 
 to the same position in 1813, remaining in that ca- 
 pacity until 1835. At the close of his first term in the 
 Senate he was appointed by President Washington 
 Minister to England, where he remained through the 
 whole of President Adams's term, and during two 
 years of President Jefferson's term. In 1825 Presi- 
 dent John Quincy Adams again appointed him Minis- 
 ter to England, but bad health prevented him from 
 entering upon his duties ; and, returning home, he 
 died at Jamaica, Long Island, April 29, 1827. As a 
 statesman, diplomatist, and political writer, he dis- 
 jilayed great abilities, and he was the author of many 
 of the papers written on the British Treaty, in 1794, 
 over the signature of "Camilius." As a man, he was 
 universally respected and beloved. 
 
 King, JRllf lis,— Bom in New York city, Janu- 
 ary 36, 1814 ; graduated at West Point in 1833 ; after 
 serving in the Engineer Corps and assisting in the 
 building of Fortress Monroe, he resigned his commis- 
 sion and became an engineer on the Erie Railway ; 
 was for a time connected with the Albany Eeeiiiii;/ 
 Jonrnal ; 'edited the New YorJc DnHy Adpertlxer ; 
 was appointed Adjutant-General of the State militia ; 
 removed to Wisconsin and edited the Milminkee 
 St'itiinel until 1861 ; was appointed Minister to Rome, 
 but relinquished the position so that lie might enter 
 the army : commanded a division at Fredericksburg, 
 (iroveton, Manassas, Yorktown and Fairfax; and hav- 
 ing resigned in 1863 was re-appointed to Rome, where 
 he remained until 1867. He Avas the son of Charles 
 King, of Columbia College, and grandson of Rufus 
 King, the Senator. 
 
 King, Jin fits IT. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently President 
 of the New York State National Bank at Albany, and 
 also of the Albany Insurance Company. A gentle- 
 man bearing the same name was appointed Minister 
 to Rome. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 243 
 
 Kinff, Samnel IF. — He was elected Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Kliode Island in 1839, and soon became 
 tlie acting Governor ; and from 1840 to 1843 he was 
 Governor of the State by election. 
 
 Kinff, T, Sutler. — He wag born in Hampden, 
 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, August 27, 1804 ; 
 was educated at Westfield Academy ; studied law, 
 and removed to Georgia in 1823. Avliere he devoted 
 himself to planting. In the years 1832, 1834, 183.5, 
 and 1837, he was a member of the State Senate ; and 
 he was a Representative in Congress from Georgia 
 from 1839 to 1843, and again from 184.5 to 1847, and 
 for another term ending with 1849, serving much of | 
 the time on the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which j 
 he took special interest. He was also a member in 
 1833 of the " Milledgeville Convention," in 1836 of 
 the " Macon Railroad Convention," and in 1840 of the 
 "Young Men's Convention" at Baltimore; besides 
 serving as the President of various canal and rail- 1 
 road companies. He subsequently became a resident 
 of California, but returned to Georgia, and was elect- 
 ed in 18,59 a Senator in the State Legislature. He 
 was for two years Collector of the Port of San Fran- 
 cisco ; was identified with the great Rebellion as Com- 
 missioner to Europe; and died in Georgia, May 10, 
 18U4. 
 
 King, William. — Born at Scarborough, Maine, 
 February 9, 17G8 ; removed to Topsham, and then to 
 Bath in 1800 ; he was a member of the Massachusetts 
 Legislature for some years, took a prominent part in 
 the Religious Freedom Act, and was the originator of 
 the Betterment Act. He advocated the separation of 
 Maine and Massachusetts, which was effected iu 
 1819 ; was President of the Convention which framed 
 the Con.stitution of Maine, and was its first Governor 
 in 1820 and 1821 ; United States Commissioner for the 
 Adjustment of Spanish Claims from 1821 to 1824; 
 was General of Militia and Collector of Customs at 
 Bath from 1831 to 1834. Died at Bath, Maine, June 
 17, 1852. 
 
 King, Williani U. — Born iu North Carolina, 
 April 7, 1786 ; received a good education ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806 ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from his native State from 
 1811 to 1816 ; he resigned that position and accom- 
 panied William Piuckney to Europe as Secretary of 
 Legation : and, on his return from Europe, settled in 
 tlie Territory of Alabama, and devoted himself to 
 planting. He was a member of the Convention 
 which formed the State Constitution of Alabama; in 
 1819 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ala- 
 bama, where he continued until 1844, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Pulilic Lands, Com- 
 merce, and other important committees ; in that year 
 he was appointed Minister to France, and continued 
 tliere two years ; in 1846 he was again elected to the 
 LTnited States Senate, where he remained until elected 
 Vice-President of tlie United States in 18.52. During 
 the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty -sixth. 
 Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses, he otB- 
 ciated as President pro ton. of the Senate, and as a 
 presiding officer, as well as a man, commanded uni- 
 versal respect. At the time of his election as Vice- 
 President his health was feeble, and, when the time 
 arrived for taking the constitutional oath of that of- 
 fice, he was in Cuba, and the oath was administered 
 by the American Consul there. He returned to his 
 plantation at Cahawba, Alabama, April 17, 18,53, and 
 died the following day. 
 
 King, William S. — Born in Malone, New York, 
 December 16, 1828 ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion, and worked on a farm until his eighteenth year, 
 and then engaged iu the insurance business. In 
 1852 he began the publication at Cooperstown of a 
 
 Freesoil paper called T/ie True Democrat; in 1858 
 he removed to Minneapolis, in Minnesota, and estab- 
 lished The State Atlas; was subsequently elected 
 Postmaster of the National House of Representa- 
 tives for the Thirty-seventh, Thirty -eighth, Fortieth, 
 Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses ; and in 1874 
 he was elected a Representative from Minnesota to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. In the latter year also, 
 he attracted much public attention on account of his 
 connection with the Pacific Mail subsidy. 
 
 King, Yelverton P. — Born in Greene County, 
 Georgia, in 1794; studied law and admitted to the 
 Ocmulgeebar; in 1830 he was made State Superin- 
 tendent of Public Lands; was frequently elected to 
 the State Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1848 ; in 1850 he was appointed by Pre.sident Fill- 
 more Minister to New Granada, which he resigned 
 at the end of two years, on account of his health ; 
 and was a member of the Georgia Constitutional 
 Convention in 1865. Died in Greene County, August 
 5, 1868. 
 
 Kingsbury, William W. — Born iu Towanda, 
 Bradford County, Penuslyvania, June 4, 1828. He 
 was self-educated ; he was bred a farmer, emigrated 
 to Minnesota, and in the year 1855 was first elected a 
 member of the Minnesota Legislature, and again in 
 18.36 ; in 1857 was Deiegate to the Convention for 
 framing a Constitution for Minnesota, and elected a 
 Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
 
 Kinloch, Francis, — He was a Delegate from 
 South Carolina to the Continental Congress, from 
 1780 to 1781. 
 
 Kinnard, George L. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to 1837, 
 and died at Cincinnati, November 26, 1838, from in- 
 juries received on the 16th of that month on board 
 the steamboat Flora, which exploded near that 
 city. 
 
 Kin neg, Joint Fitch. — Born in New Haven, Os- 
 wego County, New York, April 2, 1816 ; received an 
 academical education, studied law, settled in Marys- 
 ville, Ohio, and was admitted to practice at " Court 
 and Banc " iu 1837. Iu 1839 he removed to Mount 
 Vernon, Ohio, where he practiced law until 1844, 
 when he removed to Lee County, Iowa; held the 
 office of Secretary of the Legislative Council for the 
 Territory, and also that of District-Attorney. Upon 
 the admission of Iowa as a State, he was appointed 
 one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, holding the 
 office two years, when he was elected to the same by 
 the Legislature for six years. In 1853 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce Chief Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court of Utah, and went to that Territory iu 
 1854 ; in 1857 removed to Nebraska Territory, and 
 settled in the practice of law ; in 1860, by President 
 Buchanan he was again appointed Chief Ju.stice of 
 Utah, holding that office until 1863, when he was 
 elected by a uuanimous vote a Delegate from Utah to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress. 
 
 Kinney, Williani U. — He was a citizen of New 
 Jersey ; connected witli the press of that State ; and 
 in 1850 was appointed Charge d'aftairs to Sardinia, 
 where he remained until 1853. 
 
 Kinsella, Thomas. — He was born in Ireland 
 in 1832: received a common-scliool-education ; stud- 
 ied the art of [irinting, graduating as editor of The 
 Brooklyn Earjlc ; has held the local offices in Brook- 
 lyn of Water Commissioner and memlier of the Board 
 of Education ; was nominated as Postmaster of that 
 city in 1866, and again in 1867 by President Johnson, 
 but rejected by the Senate, and was elected to the 
 
2U 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Forty-second Congress from New York, serving on 
 the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Rinsey, Charles, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1817 to 1819, and 
 from 1820 to 1831. 
 
 Kinsey, James, — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 
 1775, when he resigned his seat. He was active in 
 the cause of the Revolution, and was a member of 
 the Committee of Correspondence for Burlington 
 County. In 1789 he was appointed Chief Justice of 
 New Jersey. He died at Burlington, January 4, 
 1803, aged seventy years. 
 
 Kinsley , lHartin, — He was born in Bridgewa- 
 ter, Massachusetts, June 3, 1754 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1778, and studied medicine ; per- 
 formed some service in the Revolutiouary War, and 
 was chosen a Delegate to the Convention for forming 
 the Constitution of his native State ; served in the 
 Legislature of Massachusetts about thirty years ; he 
 was also at diflferent periods a member of the State 
 Council ; a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; 
 Judge of Probate; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1831. He 
 died June 30, 1835. 
 
 Kirby, Ephraim, — Born in Litchfield, Con- 
 necticut, February 23, 1757 ; was a patriot of the 
 Revolution, serving at the Battle of Bunker Hill, 
 and remained in active service until the Declaration 
 of Independence ; he received thirteen wounds, seven 
 of which were saber cuts on the head inflicted by a 
 British soldier at Gerraantown, where he was left on 
 the field for dead. At the close of the Revolution he 
 contrived to obtain a classical education, and Yale 
 College gave him the degree of M. A. ; he studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1789 he pub- 
 lished a volume of " Reports of the Decisions of the 
 Superior Court and Court of Errors," which was the 
 first of such a character published in Connecticut, 
 and probably in the United States. From 1791 to 
 1804 he was a Representative in the Legislature ; in 
 1801 was appointed by Jefferson Supervisor of the 
 Revenue ; and after the acquisition of Louisiana was 
 appointed a Judge of the newly-organized Territory 
 of Orleans. Died at Fort Stoddard, Mississippi, 
 October 2, 1804. 
 
 Kirk, Robert C, — He was a citizen of Ohio, and 
 in 1862 he was appointed Mini.ster Resident to the 
 Argentine Confederation, remaining at Buenos Ayres 
 until 1866 ; in 1869 he was re-commissioned Minister 
 Resident, and also accredited to Uruguay, and he 
 returned to the United States in 1871. 
 
 Kirker, Thomas, — He was acting Governor of 
 Ohio in 1807. 
 
 Kirkland, Joseph, — He was born in Old Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, iu 1771 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1790 ; removed to Utica, New York, and was 
 the first Mayor of that city ; served frequently in 
 tlie State Legislature ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. He 
 died at Utica, January 26, 1844. 
 
 Kirkpatrick, Andrew,— ^ovn in Minebrook, 
 New Jersey, February 17, 1756 ; graduated at New 
 Jersey College in 1775 ; he studied theology with his 
 father, a Scotch Presbyterian, wlio came to New 
 Jersey in 1736; afterwards studied law in the oflSce 
 of Judge Patterson ; was admitted to the bar in 1785, 
 practiced in Morristown and New Brunswick ; was a 
 member of the Assembly iu 1797 ; appointed a Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of the State January 17, 1797 ; 
 
 and was Chief Justice from 1803 to 1834. His decis- 
 ions are in the Reports of Pennington, Southard, and 
 Halstead. Died in New Brunswick, January 7, 1831. 
 
 Kirkpatrick, Littleton, — Born in New Bruns- 
 wick, New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College 
 in 1815 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 
 1843 to 1845. He was also for five years Surrogate 
 of the County of Middlesex. Died August 15, 1859. 
 
 Kirkpatrick, William,— He was born in Am- 
 well, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in November, 
 1768 ; was educated at Princetou College, graduating 
 in 1788 ; studied medicine, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1795 ; in 1806 he removed to Salina, New 
 York, and became Superintendent of the Salt Springs; 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1807 to 1809 
 from New York ; and died of cholera at Salina, Sep- 
 tember 3, 1833. 
 
 Kirkwood, Samuel J, — He was born in Har- 
 ford County, Maryland, December 20, 1813, and re- 
 ceived an academical education in Washington City. 
 In 1835 he removed to Ohio, where he studied law 
 and came to the bar in 1843 ; for four years he was 
 Prosecuting Attorney of Richland County ; was a 
 member of the State " Constitutional Convention " of 
 1850 ; removed to Iowa in 1855 ; was elected to the 
 Senate of that State in 1850 ; was Governor of Iowa 
 from the beginning of 1860 to the beginning of 1864; 
 in January, 1866, was elected a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Iowa for the unexpired term of Jame^ 
 Harlan, ending in March, 1867, and serving on the 
 Committees on Pensions and Public Lands. In 1875 
 he was again elected Governor of Iowa. In January, 
 1876, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term 
 commencing in 1877 and ending in 1883. 
 
 Kirtland, Dorrance, — He was born in New 
 
 York ; graduated at Yale College in 1789 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 
 to 1819. 
 
 Kitchell, Aaron, — Born in Morris County, New 
 Jersey ; was a warm supporter of the Revolution ; a 
 Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 
 1791 to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and from 1799 to 
 1801 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1805 to 1809, 
 when he resigned. He Was also a member of the 
 State Legislature. 
 
 Kitchen, Sethuel ]H, — He was born in Berke- 
 ley County, West Virginia, Marcli 21, 1812 ; received 
 a common-school education, and adopted the occu- 
 pation of a farmer ; in 1861 and 1863 he was elected 
 to the Legislature of Virginia ; in 1863 a Representa- 
 tive from that State to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 but was not admitted to his seat ; in 1864 he was 
 elected to the Senate of West Virginia, and in 1866 a 
 Representative from West Virginia to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture 
 and Expenses in the Treasury Department. 
 
 Kittera, John W, — He was a graduate of 
 Princeton College in 1776; and a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 1801, when 
 he was appointed United States District Attorney for 
 the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Kittera, Thomas, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1826 to 1837. 
 
 Kittredge, George ff, — He was born in New 
 Ham))shire ; a physician by profession ; a member of 
 the Legislature for three years, in 1847, 1851, and 
 1853, officiating as Speaker in 1852 ; and was a Rep- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 245 
 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 
 1855. 
 
 Klingenstnith, John, Jr. — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Kriapp, Anthony L, — Born in Middletown, 
 Delaware County, New York, June 14, 1828 ; removed 
 with his father to Illinois in 1839 ; ,studied law, and 
 admitted to the bar in 1849, settling in the town of 
 Jerseyville ; in 1858 he was elected to the Senate of 
 Illinois, attending the sessions of 1859 and 1861 ; and 
 in the latter year he was elected a Representative 
 from Illinois to the Thirty-.seventh Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. In 
 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land 
 Claiiis. 
 
 Knapp, CItarles.—BoTn in Colchester, Dela- 
 ware County, New York, in 1797 ; was bred a farmer ; 
 was chiefly educated at home, but taught school for 
 a time ; entered upon mercantile pursuits in 1825 ; 
 was a member of the State Legislature in 1841 ; 
 settled in the town of Deposit in 1848 ; organized the 
 Deposit Bank in 1854, which l*.-ame a National Bank 
 in 1864, of which he was President ; and in 1868 be 
 was elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Private Land Claims, Public Expenditures, and Revo- 
 lutionary Pensions. 
 
 Knapp, Chauncey li. — He was born in Berlin, 
 Vermont, February 26, 1809. He commenced active 
 business life by serving an apprenticeship of seven 
 years in a printing-oiEce in Montpelier ; was elected 
 Reporter for the Legislature in 1833 ; was co-pro- 
 prietor and editor for some years of the State Jnur- 
 nal ; was elected Secretary of State in 1836, in which 
 capacity he served four years ; removing to Mas- 
 sachusetts he was elected Secretary of the Massa- 
 chusetts Senate in 1851 ; was elected a Represent- 
 ative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, re-elected to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of 
 the Committee on Territories. To him was awarded 
 the credit, while editing the Journal, of first nomi- 
 nating General Harrison for the Presidency, which 
 resulted in his obtaining the electoral votes of Ver- 
 mont four years before he was really elected. Mr. 
 Knapp's tastes have led him to the study of me- 
 chanics, and in all his public positions he has paid 
 particular attention to the mechanical interests of his 
 constituents. 
 
 JiH npp, Joseph G, — He was a citizen of Wis- 
 consin, from which State he was appointed an Asso- 
 ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Ter- 
 ritory of New Mexico, residing at Santa Fe. 
 
 Knopp, lioherf M. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Illinois to the Forty-third Congress ; 
 serving on the Committee on the Revision of Laws. 
 
 Knickerbocker, Herman, — He was born in 
 New York in 1780, and was a descendant, in the 
 third generation, of one of the original emigrants to 
 New York. He early engaged in politics, and was a 
 member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, as a Federal- 
 ist ; but during President Jackson's administration 
 he became a Democrat. He died in Williamsburg, 
 New York, January 30, 1855. This was the person to 
 whom Irving playfully alluded in the preface to his 
 " Knickerbocker " as " my cousin the Congress- 
 man." 
 
 Kniffhf, Jonathan. — Born in Bucks County, 
 Pennsylvania, November 23, 1787, and removed vrith 
 
 his parents, in 1801, to East Bethlehem, Washington 
 County. He was chiefly self-educated, and became a 
 school-teacher and suiTeyor of lands. In 1816 he 
 was appointed by the State Government to make and 
 report a map of his county. He served three years 
 as County Commissioner, and was appointed, in 1827, 
 a Commissioner to extend the National Road between 
 Cumberland and Wheeling through Ohio and In- 
 diana to the eastern line of Illinois. In 1822 he was 
 elected to the Legislature, and served six years. In 
 1828 he -vasited England to acquire a thorough knowl- 
 edge of civil engineering, and on liis return was ap- 
 pointed Chief Engineer on the Baltimore and Ohio 
 Road. He was elected in 1854 a Representative in 
 the Thirty-fourth Congress from Pennsylvania ; after 
 that time he was engaged in agriculture. He died in 
 Washington County, November 22, 1858. 
 
 Kn iffhf, NeJiem iah, — He was a native of Rhode 
 Island ; a farmer by occupation ; a prominent politi- 
 cian of the Federal school, and a Representative in 
 Congress from 1803 to 1808. 
 
 Kniffhf, Kehemiah I?.— Bom in Cranston, 
 Rhode Island, December 31, 1780 ; was chiefly self- 
 educated ; at the age of twenty-two was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; in 1805 he was elected Clerk of 
 the Court of Common Pleas in Providence ; in 1812 
 he was chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, and served 
 tuitil 1817 ; he was also for many years President of 
 the Roger Williams Bank ; he was elected Governor 
 of Rhode Island in 1817, and re-elected in 1819 and 
 1820 ; he was appointed, by President Madison, dur- 
 ing the war with England, Collector of Providence ; 
 and he was a Senator in Congress from 1821 to 1841 ; 
 he was a member in 1843 of the " State Constitutional 
 Convention," after which he retired to private life ; 
 he died at Providence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1854. 
 He was a man of sterling character and a true patriot. 
 
 Knott, J. Proctor. — He was born in Marion 
 County, Kentucky, August 29, 1830 ; received a good 
 education ; studied law, and removed to Missouri in 
 1850 ; he was elected to the State Legislature in 1858 
 but resigned in 1859 ; in 1860he was elected Attorney- 
 General of the State ; was a Delegate to the " Mis- 
 souri Convention" of 1861 ; returned to his native 
 State in 1862 ; and in 1867 was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Mines and Mining. Re-elected 
 to the Forty-first and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv- 
 ing on Important Committees ; appointed, January, 
 1876, Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. 
 
 Knoirlex, Hiram. — He was born in Maine; re- 
 moved to Iowa, from which State he was appointed in 
 1872 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for 
 the Territory of Montana. 
 
 Knotrles, John P. — He was born in Rhode Isl- 
 and ; was a resident of Providence ; and in 1870 he 
 was appointed United States Judge for the District of 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 Knoirltoti, Ebenezer.—'He was born in New 
 Hampshire ; was educated for the ministry ; was 
 elected to the Maine Legislature in 1844, 1846, and 
 1848, serving during his second year as Speaker ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 
 1855 to 1857. 
 
 KnoT, Henry. — Bom in Boston, July 25, 1750, 
 and received his education at the schools in that town. 
 Before the Revolution he was made a Captain of an In- 
 dependent Company of Militia in Boston, and having 
 had some experience at the commencement of hostili- 
 ties, he was placed at the head of the Artillery. In 
 1776 the corps was increased to three regiments, and 
 
246 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. 
 He was actively engaged during the whole contest, 
 and after the capture of Coruwallis in 1781, he received 
 the commission of Major-General. In March, 1785, 
 he was appointed Secretary of War, and after the 
 adoption of the Constitution Washington appointed 
 him to the same oifice. In 1794 he resigned the office 
 and retired to private life, at which time Washington 
 assured him of his friendship, and declared him to 
 have "deserved well of his country." He settled at 
 Thomaston, Maine, where he died October 25, 1806. 
 
 liitox, •Tames. — Born in Canajoharie, Montgom- 
 ery County, New York, July 4, 1807 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1830; studied law at Utica, New York, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; in 1836 he loca- 
 ted at Knoxville, Illinois, where he has since resided, 
 giving his attention chietly to mercantile and agricul- 
 tural pursuits; in 1847 he was a member of the " Con- 
 stitutional Convention " of Illinois, and in 1852 was 
 elected a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress, 
 and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He subsequently 
 became blind and visited Europe mth a view of re- 
 covering his sight. He manifested his love for learn- 
 ing by giving ten thousand dollars to Yale College, 
 and the same amount to Hamilton College, for a 
 school of Natural History, in connection with that in- 
 stitution. 
 
 Knox, rTolDl Jay. — Born in Knoxboro, Oneida 
 County, New York, March 19, 1828 ; graduated at 
 Hamilton College in 18-19 ; from that year until 1863 
 he was a private banker or an officer of a bank ; in 
 1867 he was appointed Deputy Comptroller of the 
 Currency ; he had charge of the Mint Coinage Cor- 
 respondence of the Treasury Department ; and in 
 1870 his report on the mint serrice, together ■with a 
 codification of the mint and coinage laws of the United 
 States, with many important amendments, was sub- 
 mitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury. 
 The bill which he proposed was subsequently passed 
 with a few modifications and is Imown as " The Coin- 
 age Act of 1873." In 1872 he was appointed Comp- 
 troller of the Currency, and is stUl in office. 
 
 KnoT, Saiuitel. — He was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 having successfully contested the seat occupied by 
 F. B. Blair, Jr., and taking his own seat near the close 
 of the first session. 
 
 Koertter, Giisfai^ius, — He was a citizen of Illi- 
 nois, and in 1863 he was appointed Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary to Spain where he remained until 1864. 
 
 Kooufz. William FT. — He was bom in Somerset, 
 Pennsylvania, July 15, 1830 ; received a common- 
 school education ; adopted the profession of law ; was 
 District Attorney for Somerset County for three years 
 from 1853 ; was Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts 
 of said County for three years from 1860 ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, having successfully contested 
 the seat of A. H. Coffroth, and serving on the Com- 
 mittee on the District of Columbia ; he was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" 
 of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees for the District of Colum- 
 bia and Expenditures in the Interior Department. 
 
 Krebs, 'Tacob. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1826 to 1827. 
 
 Kffkcl. Aril old, — He was born in Germany, 
 March 12, 1815 ; came to this country in 1833 ; was 
 educated in the common schools of Germany and at 
 St. Charles College, Missouri ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1844 ; was elected to the State Legisla- 
 
 ture in 1852 ; was President of the Convention which 
 fonned the present Constitution of Missouri in 1865 ; 
 and in that year he was appointed United States Dis- 
 trict Judge for the Western District of Missouri, re- 
 siding in Jefferson City. 
 
 Kreiiier, Geoi'ffe, — Born in Dauphin County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1775, and died in Union County, 
 Pennsylvania, September 11, 1854. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 
 to 1829. He was noted in Congress as having replied 
 in German to some sarcastic remarks by John Ran- 
 dolph, thereby turning the argument in his favor. 
 
 Kuhns, Joseph H. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Kiniliel , Jacob ]\I. — Was born in Frederick, 
 Maryland, July 23, 1822 ; graduated at the University 
 of Virginia in 1843 ; studied law, and commenced 
 practice in 1846 ; and in 1850 was elected to the Mary- 
 land Senate for six years, but the change in the State 
 Constitution cut short his term. He was elected a 
 Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-fifth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on 
 Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures in the Treas- 
 ury Department. Also elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts ; 
 and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Kintkel, John C. — Born in Pennsylvania; a 
 lawyer by profession ; and a member of the Thlrty- 
 fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses from his native 
 State, and a member of the Committee on Claims. 
 
 Kurtz, IV ill i a III H, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Kifi/kriiflall, Andrew Z, — He was born in 
 Gallatin County, Illinois, March 3, 1815 ; was chiefly 
 self-educated ; studied, adopted, and practiced the 
 profession of law. From 1843 to 1846 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Illinois Legislature, and in the State 
 Senate from 1850 to 1863. As a volunteer, he entered 
 the Thirty-first Regiment of Illinois Infantry in 1861, 
 was elected Major, and served until 1863, when he 
 resigned on account of his health ; and in 1864 he 
 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Post-Office and Post- Roads, and on Mileage. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Lablaiiche, Alcee, — He was bom in Louisiana, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. In 1837 he was appointed 
 by President Van Buren Charge d'Affaires to Texas, 
 where he remained until 1840. 
 
 Liacock, Abiier, — Born in Virginia in 1770. 
 Without the advantage of much early education he 
 raised himself by his talents to eminence as a legis- 
 lator, statesman, and civilian. He filled various 
 public stations for a period of nearly forty years ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania 
 from 1811 to 1813, and United States Senator from 
 1813 to 1819. He died in Beaver County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, April 12, 1837. 
 
 I^acij, Thomas J, — He was an early emigrant 
 to Arkansas, and in 1834 he was appointed a Judge 
 for that Territory. 
 
 La Dow, Georfjc A, — Bom in Cayuga County, 
 New York, March 18, 1838 ; removed with his par- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 247 
 
 ents from Syracuse to McHenry County, Illinois ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; commenced the 
 study of law at the age of sixteen, and admitted to 
 the Supreme Court in 1830 ; removed to Wisconsin 
 in 1851 and practiced his profession ten years ; in 
 1851 was elected District Attorney, and held the 
 office two years. Hemoved to Minnesota in 1862 and 
 practiced there ; in 1867 was elected to the House of 
 Representatives of that State ; re-nominated the fol- 
 lowing year, but declined, and settled in Oregon in 
 
 1869 ; declined the nomination for State Senator in 
 
 1870 ; in 1872 was elected to the House of Repre- 
 sentatives of Oregon, and held tlie office till 1874, 
 when he was elected a Representative to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. Died in Oregon in May, 1875. 
 
 liaflin, Addison Jl. — He was born in Lee, 
 Berkshire County, Massachusetts, October 24, 1833 ; 
 graduated at Williams College in 1843 ; and having 
 removed to Herkimer County, New York, became 
 extensively engaged in the business of manufacturing 
 paper. In 1837 he was elected to the Senate of New 
 York ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative 
 from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 as Cliairman of the Committee on Printing. Re- 
 elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, 
 and was again placed at the head of the Committee 
 on Printing, and was a member of that on Manu- 
 factui'es. He was also a Delegate to the " State Re- 
 publican Convention " of 1867 ; and was subsequently 
 appointed, in 1871, Naval Officer for the city of New 
 York. 
 
 Lahni, Samuel. — Born in Leitersburg, Mary- 
 land, April 23, 1818. His education was limited, yet 
 his first earnings were the result of teaching school. 
 In Marcli, 1835, he removed to Indiana and studied 
 law, and then settled in Ohio. In 1837 he was elected 
 Master in Chancery ; in 1843 a State Senator ; at 
 various times to high positions in the Militia ; and to 
 Congress, as a Representative, in 1847, where he re- 
 mained until 1849. 
 
 Lake, WiUinm A, — He was born in Maryland ; 
 graduated at Washington College in Pennsylvania ; 
 studied law ; served in the Legislature of Maryland ; 
 removed to Mississippi ; practiced his profession there 
 with success ; was elected to the Senate of that State ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Missis- 
 sippi during the Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Lamar, Henry G, — He was born in Georgia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1833. 
 
 Lamar, Lucius Q. C. — Bom in Putnam Coun- 
 ty, Georgia, September 17, 1835 ; graduated at Emory 
 College in 1845 ; studied law at Macon, and admitted 
 to the bar in 1847 ; moved to Oxford, Mississippi, in 
 1849 ; was elected Professor of Mathematics in the 
 University of the State ; returned to Covington, 
 Georgia, and resumed the practice of law ; was 
 elected to the Legislature of Georgia in 1853 ; in 1854 
 moved again to Mississippi, and was elected to the 
 Thirty-fii^th and Thirty -sixth Congresses ; resigned in 
 1860 to take a seat in the Secession Convention of his 
 State ; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army ; in 1863 
 was intrusted by President Davis with an "important 
 diplomatic mission to Russia ; in 1860 was elected 
 Professor of Political Economy in the University of 
 Mississippi, and in 1867 was made Professor of Law ; 
 and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Elections and Mississippi 
 Levees. Re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, 
 and was Chainnau of the Caucus which nominated 
 M. C. Kerr for the Speakership in 1875. In Decem- 
 ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on the Pacific RaUroad. In January, 1876, he was 
 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Mississippi for the 
 term beginning in 1877 and ending in 1883. 
 
 Lamar, Mirabean B. — Born in Louisville, 
 Georgia, August 16, 1798 ; was for some years en- 
 gaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits ; estab- 
 lished the Coluiiihua Inqnirer, a States' Rights jour- 
 nal, in 1828 ; removed to Texas in 1835. Commanded 
 a cavalry company at the battle of San Jacinto, and 
 rendered eSective service. In 1836 was elected first 
 Vice-President of Texas, having for some months 
 previous held the rank of Major-Oeneral. From 1838 
 to 1841 was President of Texas. In 1846 he joined 
 General Taylor at Matamoras, and was in the battle of 
 Monterey ; was afterwards engaged in cliecking the 
 incursions of the Camanches. He was United States 
 Minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica in 1858. Died 
 in Richmond, Texas, December 19, 1859. He was the 
 author of a volume of poems entitled " Verse Memo- 
 rials," published in New York in 1857. 
 
 Lamb, Alfred IF. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Lambert, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1805 to 1809 ; and 
 from 1809 to 1815 he was a member of the United 
 States Senate. During the years 1802 and 1803 he 
 performed the duties of Governor of New Jersey ; 
 served many years in the Legislature of that State ; 
 and died in February, 1823, aged seventy-five years. 
 
 Lamison, Charles N. — Was born in Columbia 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1820 ; became a student at 
 law when seventeen years of age ; was admitted to 
 practice in Ohio ; was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen 
 County, Ohio, one year by appointment, and four 
 years by elections ; raised a company in 1861 and en- 
 tered the army as Captain in the Twentieth Volun- 
 teers, of which regiment he was afterwards elected 
 Major, and served under Generals McClellan, Hill, 
 and Rosecrans in West Virginia ; was afterwards 
 Major of the Eighty-first Volunteer Infantry, and re- 
 signed because of ill-health in 1862 ; and elected to 
 the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving 
 on the Committees on the State Department and Naval 
 Affairs. 
 
 Lanionf, Georr/e J).— He was born in Western 
 New York, in 1823 ; received a good education ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and located himself at 
 Lockport ; in 1862 he was appointed United States 
 Judge for the Provisional Court of Louisiana, vfhere 
 he acquitted himself, under trjing circumstances, 
 with ability, and remained until 1865 ; subsequently 
 returned to Lockport, and in 1871 was elected a Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of New York for fourteen 
 years, and died at Lockport, January 15, 1876. 
 
 Lamport, William IT. — He was born in Pitts- 
 town, New York, May 27, 1811 ; received a district- 
 school education ; was elected Supervisor of Gorham 
 in 1848 and 1849 ; Sheriff of Ontario County in 1851 ; 
 elected to the Assembly of New York in 1854 ; was 
 Trustee of the village of Canandaigua in 1866 and 1867, 
 and President ; and was elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Agriculture. 
 
 Laneaster, Colambia. — He was a Delegate to 
 Congress from the Territory of Washington during 
 the years 1854 and 1855. 
 
 Lander, Eda'ard. — -He was appointed in 1853 
 Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Ter- 
 ritory of Washington, residing at Puget's Sound. 
 
248 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Iianders, Franklin. — Bom in Morgan County, 
 Indiana, March 22, 1825 ; received a common-school 
 education during the winter, and worked on his 
 father's farm during the summer ; and at the age of 
 twentr-one he taught school in the winter and worked 
 by the month in summer ; having saved three hun- 
 dred dollars, he engaged in mercantile business in 
 18-17 ; continued in that employment for sis years, and 
 then purchased a tract of land" and located the town of 
 Brookl™ ; removed to that place and resumed farm- 
 ing and mercantile pursuits for twelve years ; estab- 
 lished five churches of various denominations on his 
 lands, and contributed largely to their support ; in all 
 deeds of lots he had a temperance clause preventing 
 the sale of intoxicating liquors ; he then engaged in 
 the wholesale dry-goods business in Indianapolis, and 
 also in the pork-packing trade. In 1860 was elected 
 State Senator ; in 1864 he declined a nomination for 
 Congress ; was on the electoral ticket for McClellan, 
 and in 1874 was elected a Representative to the For- 
 ty-fourth Congress from Indiana. 
 
 Landers, G. JI, — Bom in Lenox, Massachu- 
 setts, February 22, 1813 ; removed to New Britain, 
 Connecticut, in 1829, where he has since resided ; 
 was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1851, 
 1867, and 1874 ; was State Senator in 1853, 1869, and 
 1873; was appointed Bank Commissioner for Con- 
 necticut in 1875 ; and was elected a Representative to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Landrinn. John 31. — He was bom in Edge- 
 field District, South Carolina, July 3, 1815 ; obtained 
 the greater part of his education after he became of 
 age by his own exertions ; graduated at the South 
 Carolina College in 1842 ; taught school, and studied 
 law at the same time ; in 1845 removed to Louisiana, 
 and settled at Shreveport ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses 
 in the Post-Otfice Department. Resigned in Febru- 
 ary, 1861. 
 
 Landry, J. Arisfide. — He was bom in Louis- 
 iana, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Land;/, .Tames. — He was bom in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813 ; received his educa- 
 tion in his native city ; devoted himself for a time to 
 the occupation of a builder ; studied law, but aban- ! 
 doned the profes-sion and turned his attention to mer- ,' 
 cantile pursuits. He devoted much of his attention 
 to the Public School System of Philadelphia, and held 
 the positions of Commissioner and President of the 
 Board of School Commissioners. In 1856 he was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress 
 from Pennsylvania, and was a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Commerce. Died in Philadelphia, July 24, 
 1875. 
 
 Lane, Amos. — He was bom in New York, but ! 
 emigrated to the Ohio river in 1804 ; was a Repre- 1 
 sentatire in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to ' 
 1839, having previously been a member of the State ' 
 Legislature, and served one session as Speaker. He 
 was a lawyer of the first ability, and filled a conspicu- 
 ous place in the history of Indiana. He died in Law- 
 renceburg. in that State, in 1850. He was the father 
 of J. H. Lane. i 
 
 i 
 
 Lane, I^enezer. — He was bom in Northampton, ' 
 Massachusetts, September 17, 1793 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1811; studied law, and settled 
 in Elyria, Ohio ; in 1819 he removed to Xorwalk in 
 the same State ; in 1824 he was elected President 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; in 1831, 1838 i 
 and 1845 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court i 
 
 of Ohio ; and from 1835 he was Chief Justice. He 
 subsequently resigned his judicial position, and en- 
 gaged in railroads in Chicago, and was Vice President 
 of the Illinois Central Railroad. During his long res- 
 idence in northwestern Ohio, he was a man of wide 
 influence, and did much to infuse a spirit of culture 
 and refinement among the people. In 1850 he re- 
 ceived from Harvard University the degree of Doctor 
 of Laws. 
 
 Lane, George ir.— During the Rebellion he 
 was obliged to leave the State of Kentucky, where he 
 resided, on account of his Union sentiments ; was ap- 
 pointed a United States District Judge in Alabama; 
 and died at Louisville, Kentucky, November 12,1863. 
 
 Lane, Henry S. — He was born in Montgomery 
 County, Kentucky, February 24, 1811 ; received a 
 good common-school education, and, under a tutor, 
 some knowledge of the classics ; studied law in Ken- 
 tucky, but removed to Indiana, and was admitted to 
 the bar in that State ; in 1837 he was elected to the 
 Indiana Legislature ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana from 1841 to 18-13 ; served as a 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers under General Tay- 
 lor, in the war with Mexico, in 1846 ; in 1859 he was 
 elected to the United States Senate to contest the seat 
 of J. D. Bright, but was denied the seat ; in 1861 he 
 was elected Governor of Indiana; but two days after 
 his inauguration he was again elected a Senator in 
 Congress, from Indiana, for tlie term ending in 1867, 
 serving on the Committees on Military Affairs. Pen- 
 sions, Patents and the Patent Office, Expenses in the 
 Senate, and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled 
 Bills. He was one of the Senators designated by the 
 Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. 
 He was also a delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal- 
 alists' Convention " of 1866. and to the Chicago Con- 
 vention of 1868. His father was Colonel James H. 
 Lane. 
 
 Lane, JTames Henry. — He was born in Law- 
 renceburg, Indiana, June 22. 1814; on reaching his 
 majority he was elected to the City Council of Law- 
 renceburg, and frequently reelected; in a subordinate 
 capacity he took part in the war with Mexico ; in 1849 
 he was Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Indiana from 1853 to 1855 ; 
 settled in Kansas and took an active part in politics ; 
 he was President of the Topeka " Constitutional Con- 
 vention," and was elected by the people Major-Gen- 
 eral of the Free State troops ; in 1857 he was Presi- 
 dent of the Leavenworth " Constitutional Convention," 
 and again chosen Major-General of the territorial 
 troops ; on the admission of Kansas into the Union he 
 was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Indian Affairs and Agriculture ; and 
 he was re elected for the term ending in 1871, serving 
 as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and a 
 member of that on Territories. During the early part 
 of the Rebellion he was commissioned by President 
 Lincoln a Brigadier General of Volunteers ; and was 
 a member of the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864. 
 On July 1, 1866, while at Fort Leavenworth, on leave 
 of absence from the Senate on account of deranged 
 health, he shot himself with a pistol, and thus came 
 to his death. He was the son of Amos Lane. 
 
 Lane, tToseph. — Born in Buncombe County, 
 North Carolina, December 14, 1801. In his fifteenth 
 year he became a clerk in a mercantile house in Indi- 
 ana, and in 1822 was chosen a member of the Legis- 
 lature of that State, .serving in that capacity, with oc- 
 casional intervals, until 1846. He participated in the 
 war with Mexico, acquitting himself with credit at 
 Buena Vista and on other fields, and was appointed 
 by President Polk a Brigadier-General. In 1849 he 
 was appointed Governor of the Territory of Oregon, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALl 
 
 249 
 
 without his solicitation, and organized the govern- 
 ment ; and was elected a Delegate to Congress in 
 1851, where he was retained by his constituents until 
 the admission of Oregon as a State, when he took his 
 seat as a Senator in Congress in 1859, serving as such 
 until 1861. In 1860 he was nominated for Vice-Presi- 
 dent on the ticket with Mr. Breckinridge, but was de- 
 feated. 
 
 Lane, La Fayette. — He was born in Vander- 
 burg County, Indiana, November 12, 1843 ; educated 
 in Washington City, and in Stamford, Connecticut ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and removed to Ore- 
 gon; elected to the Legislature of that State in 1804 ; 
 was defeated in 1866 as candidate for Secretary of 
 State, was a Code Commissioner for the State in 1874; 
 and was elected a Representative in 1875 to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress, in the place of G. A. La Dow, who 
 died in May of that year. 
 
 Lane, Sainnel. — He was one of the first men 
 appointed Superintendent or Commissioner of Public 
 Buildings for the District of Columbia, but the date 
 of his appointment does not appear on the public 
 records. 
 
 Lanffdon, Chauncey.—'Re graduated at Tale 
 College in 1787; was a Keprepentative in Congress 
 from Vermont from 1815 to 1817, and died in 1830. 
 He also served seven years in the Legislature of the 
 State, and was a State Councilor for nine years. 
 
 Lanffdon, John. — He was educated for mer- 
 cantile pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted lousiness 
 on the sea, until the commencement of the contro- 
 versy with Great Britain. He was one of the party 
 which removed tlic powder and military stores from 
 Fort William and Mary, at New Castle, New Hamp- 
 shire, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776 he was chosen a 
 Delegate to Congress from New Hampshire. Com- 
 manding a company of volunteers, he served, for a 
 while, in Vermont and Rhode Island. In his own 
 State, he was in 1776 and 1777 Speaker of the 
 House, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 
 1779 he was Continental Agent in New Hampshire, 
 and contracted for the building of several ships of 
 war. In 1783 he was again appointed a Delegate to 
 Congress ; was afterwards repeatedly a member of 
 the Legislature, and Speaker: and was a member of 
 the Convention that framed the Constitution, signing 
 his name to that instrument. In March, 1788, he 
 was chosen Governor of the State, and from 1789 to 
 1801 he was Senator of the United States, and Presi- 
 dent of the Senate pro tern, during the First Congress, 
 and part of the Second. He was one of those who 
 voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. From 1805 to 1808, and again in 1810 and 
 1811, he was Governor of the State. He died in 
 Portsmouth, September 18, 1819, aged seventy-eight 
 years. 
 
 Lanffdon, Woodbury. — He was a Delegate 
 from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 
 1779 and 1780 ; was a Councilor from 1781 to 1784 ; 
 a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire in 
 1783, and from 1786 to 1790 ; and died January 13, 
 1805, aged sixty-five years. 
 
 Langtrorthff, Edward. — He was a Delegate 
 from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1777 
 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of 
 Confederation. 
 
 La n man, James. — Bom in Norwich, Connecti- 
 cut, June 14, 1769 ; graduated at Tale College in 
 1783 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1791, and settled as a lawyer in his native toivn ; he 
 was a member of the Convention which formed the 
 
 first Constitution of Connecticut in 1818 ; served two 
 years in the Lower House of the Legislature in 1817 
 and 1833. and one year as a State Senator in 1819 ; 
 and was for five years Attorney for the State for New 
 London County from 1814 to 1819, acquiring great 
 local distinction by his abilities. One of the most 
 famous trials that he conducted was that of the Rev. 
 Ammi Rogers, who was convicted of an infamous 
 crime against one of his parishioners, and was impris- 
 oned for two years, and who subsequently published 
 a book of nearly three hundred pages abusive of said 
 Attorney. He was elected a Senator in Congress, serv- 
 ing from 1819 to 1835, during one Congress as Chair- 
 man of the Committees on Post-Oifices and Post- 
 Roads, and Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and 
 voted with the South on the Missouri Compromise ; 
 during the Seventeenth Congress he was at one time 
 member of four Committees, viz., that of Commerce 
 and Manufactures, the Militia, District of Columbia, 
 and the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. He was 
 appointed by tlie Governor to a second term in the 
 Senate, during the recess of the Legislature and be- 
 fore the vacancy occurred, and, by a small majority, 
 the Senate decided that the appointment was without 
 authority of law. He was subsequently Judge of the 
 Supreme and Superior Courts of Connecticut for 
 three years, from 1836 to 1839, and from 1831 to 1834 
 he was Mayor of Norwich, where he died August 7, 
 1841. His son, Charles James Lanman, also a gradu- 
 ate of Tale College, was one of the earliest emigrant 
 lawyers from New England to the Territory of Michi- 
 gan, where he took part in founding a number of im- 
 portant towns, and was for many years Receiver of 
 Public Moneys ; and it is a matter of public record 
 that on visiting Washington, nearly thirty years after 
 retiring from office, he was officially informed that 
 there was a considerable amount of money standing 
 to his credit at the Treasury Department. He was 
 subsequently Mayor of Norwich in Connecticut, and 
 died in 1870, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. 
 The Senator had had another son who was a lawyer, 
 James H. Lanman, and who acquired some reputation 
 as an author. 
 
 Lansinff, Oerif Y. — He was born in Albany, 
 New Tork, in 1783 ; served four years in the Legisla- 
 ture of that State, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Tork from 1831 to 1837. He was for 
 many years Chancellor of the Board of Regents of the 
 Universitv of New Tork ; and died at Albany, Janu- 
 ary 3, 1803. 
 
 Lanshiff, ,ToIin. — He was a Delegate from New 
 Tork to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788 ; 
 and also a member of the Convention that formed the 
 Federal Constitution, which he opposed, and conse- 
 quently left the Convention, defining his position in a 
 published letter. 
 
 Lansinff, William E. — Was born in the town 
 of Sullivan, Madison Coimty, New Tork, in 1833 ; 
 studied law at Utica, and commenced the practice in 
 1845 ; in 1850 he was elected District Attorney of 
 Madison County ; in 1857, Clerk of the same county ; 
 and in 1860 he was elected a Representative from 
 New Tork to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
 a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Claims. 
 
 Lnjtham, Elbridffe Gerry.— Bo-ra at Farm- 
 ington, Ontario County, New Tork, October 18, 1814 ; 
 worked on a farm ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion, and completed his studies at the Canandaigua 
 Academy ; was Civil Engineer on the Michigan 
 Southern RaUroad ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1844, and gained a successful practice : in 
 1867 was a member of the Constitutional Convention 
 
250 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 of New York ; had never been a candidate for any 
 political office until elected a Representative to tlie 
 Forty-fourth Congress from New York. 
 
 La parte, tjohn, — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Lamed, Samuel. — He was a citizen of Rhode 
 
 Island ; went to Chili in 1836 as Secretary of Lega- 
 tion ; in 1838 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to 
 Peru ; re-commissioned in 1830, and remained at that 
 post until 1837 and then returned to the United States. 
 
 Lamed, Simon. — He was a native of Massa- 
 chusetts ; served as Colonel of Militia ; was for a 
 time Sheriff of Berkshire County ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Massachusetts, for the unex- 
 pired term of T. J. Skinner ; and died in Pittsfield, 
 November 16, 1817, aged sixty-one years. 
 
 Larrahee, Charles H. — Bom in Rome, Oneida 
 County, New York, November 9, 1830 ; when quite 
 young accompanied his father to Ohio, and was edu- 
 cated at Granville College ; after devoting some at- 
 tention to practical engineering he studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1841 at Pontotoc, Missis- 
 sippi ; in 1814 he settled in Chicago, Illinois, and 
 edited for a time the Democratic Admcate ; served 
 one term as City Advocate for Chicago ; in 1847 he 
 settled in Wisconsin, and became a member of the 
 Convention to form a State Constitution ; in 1848 he 
 was elected a Circuit Judge, and, after serving ten 
 years, resigned, and was elected a Representative 
 from Wisconsin to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the 
 War Department. He subsequently entered the army 
 in the volunteer service, and had command, as 
 Colonel, of a Regiment from his State. 
 
 La Sere, Em He, — He was bom in Louisiana, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1846 to 1847, and also for the two following 
 terms ending in 1851. 
 
 Lafll, Israel O. — Born in Bethania, North Car- 
 olina, August 18, 1810 ; worked on a farm until he 
 became of age ; then followed the business of a 
 merchant and manufacturer ; became a banker in 
 1847, and was elected a Representative from North 
 Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Treasury Department. Re-elected 
 to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Banking and Currency, and the Treasury Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Latham, George S. — Born in Prince William 
 County, Virginia, March 9, 1833 ; educated at country 
 schools and at home ; studied law, while teaching 
 school, and was admitted to the bar in 18.59 ; edited a 
 campaign paper at Grafton, West Virginia, in 1880 ; 
 entered the army in 1861 as Captain, and was made 
 Colonel of the Second Virginia Infantry ; and he was 
 elected a Representative from West Virginia, to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Printing, and Public Buildings and Grounds. In 
 February, 1867, he was appointed by President 
 Johnson Consul to Melbourne, Australia. 
 
 Latham, Milton S. — Was born in Columbus, 
 Ohio, May 23, 1837 ; graduated at Jefferson College, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1845 ; soon afterwards removed to 
 Alabama, where he studied law ; was appointed in 
 1848 Clerk of the Circuit Court for Russell County ; 
 removed to California in 1850, and was there appoint- 
 ed Clerk of the Recorder's Court in San Francisco ; 
 he was soon afterwards chosen District- Attorney for 
 the Counties of Sacramento and El Dorado, which he 
 
 held in 1851. In 1853 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from California to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 declining a re-election ; he was appointed in 1855 
 by President Pierce Collector of San Francisco, which 
 office he held until 1857 ; having been elected Gover- 
 nor of California, three days after his inauguration, 
 in January, 1860, he was elected a Senator in Congress 
 from California, for six years, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Military Affairs, and on Post-Oliices and 
 Post-Roads. Was afterwards President of the Bank 
 of California at San Francisco. 
 
 Lathrop, Samuel. — Born in Hampden County, 
 Massachusetts, in 1771 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1793 ; studied law and attained a high position at the 
 bar ; was a Representative in Congress from Massa- 
 chusetts from 1818 to 1836. He was also a member 
 of the Massachusetts Senate for ten years, and Presi- 
 dent of that body in 1839 and 1830. He died in West 
 Springfield, July 11, 1840. 
 
 Latrobe, Senjatnin II. — He was born in 
 England, and emigrated to Richmond, Virginia, in 
 1796 ; he was educated as an architect and early won 
 great celebrity ; he removed to Philadelphia and 
 afterwards to Washington, and became connected 
 with the National Capitol in 1803, having been 
 appointed by President Jefferson ; he planned, built 
 and rebuilt vaiious parts of the old building, includ- 
 ing the old Hall of Representatives, the old Senate 
 Chamber and the Supreme Court Room ; and he 
 remained in the service of the Government until 1817. 
 He was the architect of the Richmond Penitentiary, 
 the Philadelphia Water Works, and of various Bank- 
 ing Institutions, of Baltimore Exchange and a Roman 
 Catholic church in that city ; and having removed to 
 Pittsburg, engaged in building steamboats in connec- 
 tion with Fulton, Livingston and Roosevelt, for the 
 navigation of the Western rivers. He removed to 
 New Orleans in 1830, and died of yellow fever before 
 the close of the year ; his son, also an architect, 
 having died in the same city of the same epidemic 
 three years before. 
 
 Lattimer, Henrij. — Born at Ne^vport, Dela- 
 ware, April 24, 17.53 ; studied medicine at Philadel- 
 phia and at Edinburgh, and practiced on his return 
 from the latter place until 1777, when he was 
 appointed Surgeon of the Flying Hospital. After the 
 war he returned home, and practiced until 1794. He 
 was a member of the State Legislature ; and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Delaware from 1793 to 
 1795 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1801, 
 when he resigned. He died in Philadelphia, Decem- 
 ber 19, 1819. 
 
 Laffimore, William. — Born in Norfolk, Vir- 
 ginia, February 9, 1774, where he received a limited 
 education ; he studied medicine ; removed to the 
 Territory of Mississippi ; and was a Delegate to Con- 
 gress from that Territory from 1803 to 1807, and from 
 1813 to 1817. He was also a Delegate to the Conven- 
 tion which formed the first Constitution of Mississippi; 
 after which he retired to private life, and died AprU 
 3, 1843. 
 
 Laurens, Henry. — He was bom in South 
 Carolina, and was an early opponent of Great Britain ; 
 was a member of the Carolina Congress of 1775, and 
 elected its president ; was Vice-President under the 
 temporary Constitution ; was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1777 to 1780, and chosen Presi- 
 dent of tha't body during the former year, and signed 
 the Articles of Confederation ; in 1780 he was sent 
 abroad to negotiate a loan with Holland, but, having 
 been captured by a British vessel off Newfoundland, 
 he was sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower, 
 for more than a year, for high treason. The papers 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 251 
 
 takrn from his person caused a war between England 
 iiud Holland. He petitioned Parliament for release, 
 iud when set at liberty went to Paris, where he 
 signed the preliminaries of peace in 1782, as a Com- 
 missioner appointed by Congress ; returned to 
 America in 1783, and died in Charleston in 1792, in 
 the sixty-ninth year of his age. 
 
 Latv, John. — Was born in New London, Con- 
 necticut, in 1796 ; graduated at Tale College in 1814 ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to practice in the 
 Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1817, and soon 
 ifterwards emigrated to the new State of Indiana, 
 locating himself at Vincennes. Soon after arriving 
 in the West he was elected a Prosecuting Attorney, 
 md in 1823 a member of the Legislature ; he was 
 igain elected Attorney for his district, and held that 
 position until promoted to a Judgeship, which olfice 
 lie held by re-elections for eight years. In 1838 he 
 ivas appointed by President Van Buren Receiver of 
 Public Moneys at Vinceunes, holding the office four 
 lears. In 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce 
 Judge of the "Court of Land Claims," to adjudicate 
 the claims of the old inhabitants of Indiana and 
 Illinois, and was re-apppointed in 1836. He subse- 
 luently removed to Evansville, where he resumed 
 tlie practice of his profession. In 1860 he was elected 
 1 Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh 
 I'ongress, serving on the Committees on the Lilirary, 
 and on Revolutionary Pensions. Like Mr. Charles 
 K. Adams, Mr. John Law can mention the fact, with 
 excusable pride, that his father, Lyman Law, as w^ll 
 as his grandfather, Richard Law, both served their 
 country as members of Congress, and witnessed the 
 same events in our country's history. Amasa Learned, 
 ivho was also his grandfather on his mother's side, 
 was in the first Congress that sat under the Constitu- 
 tion. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Revo- 
 lutionary Pensions, and the Select Committee on 
 Emigration. As Chairman of the Committee on 
 E'ensions, he drew up and reported the bill giving to 
 the soldiers of the Revolution, twelve only surviving, 
 one hundred dollars per annum, which bill passed 
 unanimously. He was partial to historical studies, and 
 was President of the State Historical Society of 
 Indiana until his entrance into Congress. Died at 
 EvansvUle, Indiana, October 7, 1873. 
 
 Law, tTonathdU. — Born in Milford, Connecti- 
 cut, August 6, 1674 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 169.5 ; studied law, and began to practice 
 in Milford in 1698 ; in 1706 he was made Justice of 
 Peace ; Justice of the Quorum in 1710 ; Chief Judge 
 in 1714 ; Assistant Judge from 1717 till chosen 
 Deputy-Governor in 1725 ; was Chief Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the State from 1725 to 1741 ; and 
 Governor from May, 1741, until his death, which 
 occurred November 6, 1750. 
 
 Lav, Lyman. — Born at New London, Connecti- 
 cut, August 19, 1770 ; graduated at Yale College, in 
 1791 ; studied law with his father, Richard Law (who 
 was a member of the Continental Congress), and prac- 
 ticed at New Loudon. After serving in the Legisla- 
 ture of the State, and being Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives, he was elected to Congress and rep- 
 resented that State in that body from 1811 to 1817. 
 He died in New London, February 3, 1842. 
 
 Law, Bichai'd. — Born at Milford, Connecticut, 
 March 17, 1733 ; graduated at Yale College in 1751 ; 
 studied law, and practiced in New London, attaining 
 the highest eminence in his profession. He was 
 President Judge of the County Court, and Judge of 
 the Supreme Court. Was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1777 to 1778, and also from 
 1781 to 17841 After the adoption of the Federal Con- 
 
 stitution he was appointed United States District 
 Judge, which office he held until his death, which 
 occurred January 26, 1806, at New London, Connecti- 
 cut. He was a jiersonal friend of Washington ; was 
 long Mayor of New London ; and, with Roger Sher- 
 man, revised the Code of Connecticut. He was the 
 son of Jonathan Law, one of the Colonial Governors. 
 
 Laivfer, Joab. — Born in North Carolina, June 
 12, 1796 ; was educated for the ministry, and became 
 a clergyman of the Baptist Church. In 1826 he was 
 elected to the Lower House of the Alabama Legisla- 
 ture, and was re-elected until 1831, in which year he 
 was elected to the State Senate. In 1832 he was ap- 
 pointed Receiver of Public Moneys for the Coosa 
 Land District, and held the office until 1835. In 
 1833 he was elected Treasurer of the University of 
 Alabama. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Alabama from 1835 to 1838. He died in Wash- 
 ington, May 8, 1838, during the first session of his 
 second term. 
 
 Lawrence, Ahhott. — Born in Groton, Massa- 
 sachusetts, December 16, 1792. His education was 
 obtained at a district-school and at Groton Academy ; 
 and in 1808 he went to Boston and became a clerk iu 
 the store of his brother Amos. In 1814 he was ad- 
 mitted as a partner in the concern, and for many 
 years the twain prosecuted a very extensive import- 
 ing business, and laid the foundation of their several 
 fortunes. He was the traveling partner and visited 
 Eurojie a number of times. He subsequently became 
 one of the foremost men in building up American 
 manufactures, and the flourishing city of Lawrence 
 was the offspring of his enterprise. In 1827 he was a 
 Delegate to the " Harrisburg Convention." He served 
 in the Common Council of Boston in 1831 ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1.835 to 1837. and 
 again in 1839 and 1840. In 1842 he was appointed a 
 Commissioner to arrange the North-eastern Boundary 
 Question ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; in 
 1849 he was invited by President Taylor into his Cab- 
 inet, but declined ; he subsequently accepted, how- 
 ever, the appointment of Minister to England, where 
 he acquitted himself with credit. He founded a 
 scientific school at Cambridge, and his gifts and be- 
 quests to various charitable and religious societies 
 proved him to be a man of many noble qualities. 
 Died in Boston, August 18, 1855. 
 
 Lawrence, Cornelias Van WycJi. — He was 
 
 bom in Flushing, Long Island, February 28, 1791 ; 
 spent his boyhood working on his father's farm, and 
 acquired a good English education ; and on arriving 
 at the age of manhood, removed to New York city, 
 with which, as a business man, he has been identiiied 
 ever since. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York city from 1832 to 1834 ; for two 
 years following he was Mayor of the city of New 
 York ; in 1836 President of the Electoral College for 
 President ; and for twenty years he held the honor- 
 able position of President of the Bank of the State of 
 New York. Among other positions of trust and re- 
 sponsibilities which, with the above, have tended to 
 give him a high reputation, may be mentioned the 
 following : Director of the Branch Bank of the LTnited 
 States and the Bank of America, Trustee of the New 
 York Life and Trust Company, and of numerous Fire 
 and Marine Insurance Companies. In 1856 ill-health 
 compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire from the pursuits 
 of active life, and he spent the closing years of his 
 life in peace, on the spot where his ancestors have 
 resided for two hundred years. Died at Flushing, 
 February 20, 1861. 
 
 Laivrence, George V. — He was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Pennsylvania, in 1818, his father, 
 Joseph Lawrence, having been in Congress before 
 
253 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 him. He received a liberal education, and devoted 
 himself to agricultural pursuits ; was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1844, 1847, 1858, and 1859, and 
 to the State Senate in 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, and 
 1860, officiating as Speaker during the last term ; 
 frequently served in the Conventions of the State ; 
 and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pen- 
 sions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 the Post-Office. 
 
 Laivrence, John. — He was bom in the County 
 of Cornwall, England, in 1750, and emigrated to the 
 city of New York in 1767. He studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1773, and in 1775 was commis- 
 sioned in the First New York Regiment, and served 
 to the end of the Revolutionary War, his several 
 grades having been Aid-de-camp to his relative. Col- 
 onel McDougal, Judge Advocate, and General, in 
 which latter capacity he conducted the court-martial 
 called to try Major Andre. In 1783 he resumed the 
 practice of his profession in New York. In 1785 and 
 1786 he was a member of the First Congress. In 1789 
 he was elected a State Senator, and during that year 
 was elected, by a five-sixths vote, a Representative in 
 the Federal Congress, serving from 1789 to 1793 ; was 
 appointed by Washington in 1794 Judge of the United 
 States District Court for New York : and was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from 1796 to 1800, serving for a short 
 time as President pro tern, of that body, when he re- 
 signed and retired to private life. He died in 1810. 
 
 Lawrence, John W. — He was born in New 
 York ; served two years in the Assembly of that 
 State from Queens County, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1845 to "l847. 
 
 Lnwvence, Joseph. — He was born in Adams 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1788 ; he served for nine 
 years in the State Legislature, two sessions as Speak- 
 er ; one year as State Treasurer ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 
 to 1829, and again from 1841 to the time of his death, 
 which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia, 
 April 17, 1843. 
 
 Lawrence, Pliilip K. — He was a citizen of 
 Louisiana, and about the year 1838 he was appointed 
 United States Judge for the two Judicial Districts of 
 Louisiana, residing at New Orleans. 
 
 Lawrence, Samuel, — He was bom in New 
 York ; served seven years in the Assembly of that 
 State ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 the same from 1828 to 1825. 
 
 Lawrence, Shine;/. — He was born in Vermont, 
 but removed to New York, and was elected a Represen- 
 tative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Lawrence, William. — Bom in Washington, 
 Querasey County, Ohio, September 2, 1814 ; graduated 
 at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in September, 
 1835 ; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pur- 
 suits ; and served in the Ohio Legislature in 1843. 
 He was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of Ohio in 1850 and 1851 ; 
 State Senator in 1856 and 1857 ; and elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the 
 State Department. 
 
 Lawrence, William. — Born in Mount Pleas- 
 ant, Jefferson County, Ohio, June 26, 1819 ; grad- 
 uated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1838 ; taught 
 
 school for a time, and in 1840 graduated with the de- 
 gree of LL.B. in the Law Department of Cincinnati 
 College, coming to the bar in that year ; for one year 
 he was a reporter and correspondent at Columbus for 
 the State Journal and other papers ; in 1842 he was 
 appointed Commissioner of Bankrupts for Logan 
 County ; in 1845 he was made Prosecuting Attorney 
 for the same County, resigning in one year ; from 
 1845 to 1847 he was the editor and proprietor of the 
 Logan Onzette ; in 1846 and 1847 he served in the 
 State Legislature ; in 1848 was a member of the Sen- 
 ate ; in 1851 he was elected Reporter for the Supreme 
 Court of the State ; and in 1853 was again returned 
 to the Senate, and was the author of the Ohio Free 
 Banking Law. In 1856 he was elected a Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas for five j-ears ; re-elected 
 in 1861, but re.signed in 1864, when he was elected a 
 Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. 
 During a part of his legal career he was editor of the 
 Western Laio Monthly ; in 1863 he had command, as 
 Colonel, of the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteers for 
 three months ; and in 1863 President Lincoln ap- 
 pointed him a Judge in Florida, which he declined. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the 
 Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty -third, and Forty-fourth 
 Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 War Claims in the Forty-third Congress. 
 
 Lawrence, William Beach. — Born in New 
 York city, October 33, 1800 : and graduated at Co- 
 lumbia College in 1818. After a course of legal and 
 historical study at Paris, he became a counsellor of 
 the New York Supreme Court in 1823 ; Secretary of 
 Legation at London in 1826 ; Charge d' Affaires in 1827 
 and 1828 ; Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island in 
 1851 and 1852, and for a portion of the time acting 
 Governor. He was the author of an Address before 
 the New York Academy of Fine Arts in 1826 ; of a 
 translation of Marbois' History of Louisiana, with 
 Essays and Notes, in 1830 ; Discourse before the New 
 York Historical Society in 1832, of which he was 
 Vice-President from 1836 to 1845 ; " Two Lectures on 
 Political Economy" in 1832; " Bank of the United 
 States " in 1831 ; " Inquiry into the Causes of Public 
 Distress " in 1834 ; " History of the North-eastern 
 Boundary Negotiations " in 1841 ; " Memoir of Albert 
 Gallatin," 1843; also, the same year, of " Coloniza- 
 tion and History of New Jersey," 1843; "The Law 
 of Charitable Uses," 1845 ; Lives of Reuben Walcott 
 and Charles O'Conner in 1848 : " Maine Law Speech 
 in the Rhode Island Senate," 18.52 ; " Visitation and 
 Search," 1858; an edition of " Wheaton's Internal 
 Law with Additional Notes," 1855 ; and contributed 
 to many journals and periodicals. He was also Pro- 
 fessor of the Law of Nations in Columljiau College, 
 Washington ; and was made LL.D. by Brown Uni- 
 versity, and I3octor of Civil Law by the University of 
 New York. In 1873 he received a fee of forty thou- 
 sand dollars for arguing the case of the Circassian 
 before Joint High Commissioners in Washington. 
 
 Laivrence, William T. — Bom in New York 
 
 city. May 7, 1788 ; he was bred a merchant, and con- 
 tinued such until called into the service of the United 
 States, in the War of 1812, as a Militia Captain of 
 Artillery. In 1823 he removed to Cayuga County, 
 New York, and settled on a farm. In 1838 he was 
 chosen County Judge, and from 1847 to 1849 he was 
 a Representative in Congress ; he also served as Del- 
 egate to several nominating Conventions. 
 
 Laivrence, William W. — He was an early 
 emigrant to Florida, and was appointed a Judge of 
 the United States District of that State. 
 
 Lawson, John D, — He was bom in Mont- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 253 
 
 gfomery. New York, February 18, 1816 ; educated at 
 tlie schools of his native village ; was a merchant in 
 New York for over twenty-five years, and retired 
 from business in 1868 ; was a Delegate to the National 
 Republican Conventions of 1868 and 1873; and declined 
 public ofiice until elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 JLawiier, Tltomas. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly from Schoharie County, in 1816, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Lai/, Geoffje W. — He was bom in New York ; 
 liberally educated ; a lawyer by profession ; and was 
 a member of the New York Assembly from Genesee 
 County in 1840, having been a Representative in 
 Congress from 1833 to 1837. He was also appointed 
 Charge d'Affaires to Sweden bv President Tvler in 
 1843. Died at Rata via. New York, October 21, 1860. 
 
 Lazear, Jesse, — Was bom in Greene County, 
 Pennsylvania, December 13, 1804 ; received his early 
 education from his parents, and worked on a farm 
 until he became of age ; served as a Clerk in the Re- 
 corder's olBce ; in 1829 and 1832 he was appointed 
 Register and Recorder for his county ; and since that 
 time (until 1864) he has held the position of Cashier 
 of the Farmers and Drovers' Bank of Waynesburg. 
 In 1860 he was elected a Representative from Peun- 
 sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Private Land Claims, and Chair- 
 man of that on Expenditures on the Public Build- 
 dings ; and in 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public 
 Expenditures, and again on that relating to Public 
 Buildings. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia " National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Lea, tTohn 31. — He was a native of Tennessee, 
 and was appointed a Judge of the United States Dis- 
 trict Court for that State. 
 
 Lea, Lithe, — He was bom in Surry County, 
 North Carolina, January 26, 1782 ; removed at an 
 early day with his lather to Tennessee, where he was 
 for several years Clerk of the House of Representa- 
 tives ; he served gallantly in Florida and in the 
 Creek country under General Jackson in the Indian 
 wars. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee from 1833 to 1837, and for thirty years dis- 
 charged the duties of Cashier of the State Bank, and 
 Register of the State Land Office of Tennessee. In 
 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor Indian 
 Agent of the Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was 
 highly esteemed by the Indians under his charge. 
 He was returning to his residence, after making the 
 Indian payments of his agency, when he was killed 
 by a fall from his horse, June 17, 1851. 
 
 Lea, Luke, — He was bom in Tennessee, and was 
 a son of the member of Congress bearing the same 
 name ; in July, 1850, he was appointed from Missis- 
 sippi Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and held the 
 office vmtU March, 1853. 
 
 Lea, Pryor. — Bom in Knox County, Tennessee, 
 in 1794 ; was educated at Greenville College ; studied 
 law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1817. He served with General Jackson in the Creek 
 War in 1813 ; was Clerk to the Legislature in 1816 ; 
 United States District Attorney in 1824 ; and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 'Tennessee from 1827 to 
 1831. In 1837 he removed to Jackson, Mississippi, 
 and in 1847 to Goliad, Texas. He projected the work 
 called the "Central Transit," for building a railroad 
 from Arkansas Bay to Mazatlan, and was President 
 of the Company. 
 
 Leach, De Witt C— Bom in CTarence, Erie 
 County, New York, November 23, 1823. He was 
 self-educated ; bred a farmer ; chosen a member of 
 the Michigan Legislature in 1840 and 1850 ; and a 
 member of the Convention to revise the State Consti- 
 tution in 1850 ; he was also State Librarian in 1855 
 and 1856 ; and was elected a Representative to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress from Michigan, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished 
 Business ; also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Leach, James 3/.— Born in Landsdowne, Ran- 
 dolph County, North Carolina ; received a good clas- 
 sical education, studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1843 ; served ten years in tlie Legislature of 
 North Carolina, and in 1859 was elected a Represent- 
 ative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a memberof the Committee on Revolution- 
 ary Claims. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector; 
 served in the Confederate army, and was in the Con- 
 federate Congress ; elected to "the State Senate after 
 the Rebellion, and re-elected to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-Third Congresses. 
 
 Leadbetter, D. P, — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Leake, Shelfon J".— Bom in Albemarle County, 
 Virginia, November 30, 1812 ; received a good English 
 education, taught for three years an " old field 
 school," studied law, and in his twenty-fifth year was 
 admitted to the bar. In 1842 he was elected to the 
 Virginia House of Delegates; was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1847 ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1849. In 1851 he was elected 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia; was a candidate 
 for Governor in 1854, but was defeated ; and in 18.59 
 he was re-elected to the Federal House of Represent- 
 atives for the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Manufactures. Took 
 part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Leake, Walter,— He was a soldier in the Revo- 
 lutionary war. In 1821 was elected Governor of Mis- 
 sissippi, having previously served a.s Senator of the 
 United States from 1817 to 1820. He died at Mount 
 Salus, Hinds County, Mississippi, November 17, 1825. 
 
 Lear, Tobias. — Bom in Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, September 19, 1763 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1783, became Private Secretary to 
 General Washington 1785. and was most liberally re- 
 membered by him in his will. In 1801 he was Con- 
 sul-General at St. Domingo, and from 1804 to 1813 
 was Consul-General at Algiers, and commissioner to 
 conclude a peace with Tripoli. The latter duty he 
 performed in 1805, much to the dissatisfaction of 
 General Eaton, who was gaining important advan- 
 tages over the Tripolitans. Lear's conduct was ap- 
 proved by his government, although much blamed 
 Ijy a portion of the pulilic. At his decease he was an 
 accountant in the War Department. He died at Wash- 
 ington, D. C, October 10, 1816. 
 
 Learned, Aniasa, — Bom in Killingly, Con- 
 necticut, November 15, 1750, and died at New Lon- 
 don, May 4, 1825. He graduated at Yale College in 
 1772, studied divinity, but preached for only a short 
 time, and was a Representative in Congress from Con- 
 necticut from 1801 to 1805. He had been a member of 
 the Convention which ratified the Constitution of the 
 United States. In 1818 was a member of the Connecti- 
 cut " Constitutional Convention ; " and afterwards 
 frequently sat in the Assembly of his native State. 
 
 Leary, Cornelius L, L, — Born in Baltimore, 
 
254 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 October 32, 1813 ; was educated at St. Mary's College, 
 in that city. lu 1835 he engaged in business in Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky, but returned to Baltimore in 1837. 
 In 1838 he was chosen a Delegate to the Maryland 
 Assembly. In 1847 he cne to the bar; was a Pres- 
 idential Elector in 1856, and in 1861, at a'special elec- 
 tion, he was elected a Representative from Mary- 
 land to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Leavenworth, Ellas Warner, — Born in Ca- 
 naan, New York, December 20, 1803 ; was removed to 
 Great Barrington, Massachusetts, at two years of 
 age ; first received an academic education, then en- 
 tered Williams College in 1820 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1824 ; studied law with William CuUen 
 Bryant, and at Litchfield Law School ; admitted to 
 practice in 1827 ; 'and settled at SjTacuse, but was 
 compelled by bronchitis to abandon his profession in 
 1850; was a member of the State Legislature in 1835; 
 in 1836 was appointed Brigadier-General of the State 
 Artillery ; was President of the village from 1839 to 
 1841, and in 1846 and 1847 ; Supervisor in 1839 and 
 1840 ; Mayor of Syracuse from 1849 to 1859 ; mem- 
 ber of the" Legislature from 1850 to 1857 ; Secretary 
 of State in 18o4 and 1855 ; in 1860 was President of 
 the State Convention ; in 1861 was Commissioner un- 
 der the Convention with New Greifada ; in 1865 was 
 President of the Board to locate the State Asylum for 
 the Blind, and a trustee of the Asylum for Idiots ; in 
 1867 was elected a trustee for Hamilton College, but 
 being a Regent was ineligible ; in 1872 received the 
 degree of LL.D. from Hamilton College ; held various 
 important local positions, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New YorR to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Leavitf, Uiimphrei/ IT. — He was born in Suf- 
 field, Connecticut, in June, 1796 ; removed at an early 
 day with his father to the Western Reserve of Ohio ; 
 received an academical education ; and adopted the 
 profession of the law, having been admitted to the 
 bar in 1816 ; and he was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1831 to 1834. He also served in the State Legis- 
 lature, — in the House in 1825 and 1826, and in the 
 Senate in 1827 ; and he has for many years been 
 Judge of the District Court of Ohio, having been ap- 
 pointed iu 1834, by President Jackson. 
 
 LjC Blond, JFrancis C. — Was born in Ohio, and 
 adopted the profession of law ; in 1851 he was elected 
 for two years to the State Legislature ; was re-elected 
 in 1853, and served as Speaker of that body ; and in 
 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thir- 
 ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Naval Affairs and Expenditures on the Public 
 Buildings. 
 
 Lecompte, •Joseph. — He was bom in Woodford 
 County, Kentucky; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky from 1825 to 1833. 
 
 Lecotnpfe, Samuel D, — He was born in Mary- 
 land, and appointed Chief Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Kansas, and took a leading 
 part in the affairs of that Territory. 
 
 Ziee, Arthur. — He was born in Virginia in 1740 ; 
 educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he 
 pursued the study of medicine ; and while pursuing 
 the study of law in the Temple, in London, rendered 
 important services to his country by obtaining infor- 
 mation bearing upon the Revolution. In 1775 he 
 acted as an agent for his native State, and presented 
 to tlie king the second petition of Congress ; from 
 1776 to 1779 he was Minister to France, and negotia- 
 ted an important treaty ; also performed the duties of 
 
 Commissioner to Spain in 1777 ; resided in Prussia 
 for a time in a semi-official capacity, and did much 
 there to help the American cause ; in 1781 he was 
 elected to the Assembly of Virginia, but was imme- 
 diately chosen a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress, where he remained until 1785 ; before the ex- 
 piration of his term in Congress, he was delegated to 
 make several treaties with the Indians on the North- 
 ern frontier ; soon after leaving Congress he was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of the Treasury, which office he 
 held until 1789 ; and he died in 1792. He stood high 
 as a man of integrity and patriotism. His life was 
 published in 1829 by R. H. Lee, and his Public Let- 
 ters were published in Sparks' Diplomatic Correspon- 
 dence. 
 
 Lee, Ch a rles. — Was a native of Virginia ; grad- 
 uated at the College of New Jersey in 1775 ; was 
 Secretary of an important Board of Commissioners of 
 the Continental Congress ; was an eminent lawyer, a 
 member of the State Legislature, and was appointed 
 by Washington to succeed William Bradford as At- 
 torney-General of the United States in 1795, serving 
 until 1801. He was subsequently appointed by Jef- 
 ferson Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of the Uni- 
 ted States for the Fourth Circuit, but declined accept- 
 ing the office. He died in Farquhar County, Virginia, 
 June 24, 1815, aged fifty -seven years. He was the 
 brother of General Henry Lee. 
 
 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, — Bom in Westmore- 
 land County, Virginia, October 14, 1734, and was the 
 brother of Richard Henry Lee ; he was well educated 
 by private tutors ; in 1765 and 1766 he was elected to 
 the House of Burgesses, and was a strong advocate 
 of equal rights ; was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, and also the Articles of Con- 
 federation ; served in the State Legislature ; and, 
 after retiring to private life, died April, 1797. 
 
 Lee, (rifleon.—Tie was bom in Amherst, Massa- 
 chirsetts, in 1777 ; in early life removed to the city of 
 New York, where he became a leather merchant, and 
 amassed a large fortune. He was at one time Mayor 
 of New York, a Presidential Elector, and a member of 
 Congress during the years 1836 and 1837. He died 
 at Geneva, New York, August 21, 1841. 
 
 Lee, Henri/, — Born in Virginia, January 29, 
 1756, and graduated at Princeton College in 1773. In 
 1776 he was appointed a Captain of Cavalry, under 
 Colonel Bland, and in September, 1777, he joined the 
 main army. His skill in discipline and gallant bear- 
 ing attracted the notice of Washington, and he was 
 soon promoted to the rank of Major, with the com- 
 mand of a separate corps of cavalry, and then ad- 
 vanced to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. From 1780 
 to the end of the war he served under Greene. The 
 services of Lee's Legion in various actions were very 
 important. He particularly distinguished himself in 
 the battle of Guilford ; afterwards, he .succeeded in 
 capturing Fort Cornwallis and other forts ; he was 
 also conspicuous at Ninety-six; and at the Eutaw 
 Springs. In 1786 he was appointed a Delegate in 
 Congress from Virginia in which body he remained 
 till the Constitution was adojited, having, in the Con- 
 vention of Virginia, advocated its adoption. In 1791 
 he was chosen Governor of Virginia, and remained in 
 office three years. By appointment of Washington, 
 he commanded the forces sent to suppress the Whis- 
 ky Insurrection in Pennsylvania. He was a member 
 of Congress at the period of Washington's death, in 
 1799, and was appointed by Congress to deliver a 
 eulogy on the occasion. In 1801 he retired to private 
 life, and in his last years he was distressed with pe- 
 cuniary embarrassments ; while confined in 1809 
 ! within the bounds of Spottsylvania County, for debt, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 255 
 
 he wrote his TaluaWe " Memoirs of the Soxithem 
 Campaigns." In 1813, during the mob at Baltimore, 
 he was one of the defenders, and was severely 
 ■wounded, and carried to the jail for safety. Return- 
 ing from the West Indies, where he had gone for 
 health, he died at Cumberland Island, near St. Ma- 
 ry's, Georgia, March 2.5, 1818. His exploits dur- 
 ing the Revolution gained for him the name of 
 "Light Horse Harry"; and he was the father of 
 General Robert E. Lee. 
 
 Lee. Henri/ B. — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Fifteenth Congress but 
 died before taking his seat. 
 
 iep,t/'o/<Ji.— He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Maryland from 1823 to 1835. 
 
 Lee, Joshua, — He was born in New York, and 
 served three years in the Legislature of that State, 
 from Ontario and Yates Counties, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 183.5 to 
 1837. 
 
 Lee, M, Linclley. — Born in Minisink, Orange 
 County, New York. May 29, 1805 ; spent his boyhood 
 alternately working upon a farm in summer, and at- 
 tending the district-school in winter. When sixteen 
 years of age commenced an academical course of study, 
 and graduated at Union College in 1837; and, having 
 studied medicine and surgery, obtained a degree in 
 18.30 from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 Western New York. While devoting himself to his 
 profession, he was appointed Postmaster of Fulton, 
 Orange County, New York, serving from 1840 to 1844. 
 He \vas elected in 1846 and 1847 Xo the Assembly of 
 New Y'ork ; subsequently held the position, for three 
 terms, of Commissioner of Loans for the State ; was 
 a member of the State Senate in 1855, and in 1858 was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 from New York, serving as a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Post-Ofiices and Post-Roads. He was also a 
 Delegate to the New York " Constitutional Conven- 
 tion " of 1867. 
 
 Lee,Iiic?iard Btand. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 
 1795. He was one of those who voted for locating 
 the Seat of Government on the Potomac, and died in 
 
 1837. 
 
 Lee, Jiichard Henri/, — Was born at Stratford, 
 Westmoreland County, Virginia, January 20, 1733, 
 and was educated at Wakefield, Y'orkshire, England. 
 He had a seat in the House of Burgesses of Virginia 
 in 1757, and proposed there, in 1773, the formation of 
 a Committee of Correspondence. He had the honor 
 of originating the first resistance to Briti.sli oppression, 
 in the time of the Stamp Act, in 1765. He was a 
 member of the First Congress, in 1774, and in Octo- 
 ber prepared the draft of the memorial to the people 
 of British America. In accordance with instructions 
 from the " Virginia Convention." he first proposed in 
 Congress a Declaration of Independence, June 7, 1776, 
 and a Committee was appointed to prepare it ; and he 
 was a signer of the adopted Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence, and of the Articles of Confederation. The sec- 
 ond eloquent address to the people of Great Britain 
 was drawn up by him ; and after the adoption of the 
 Articles of Confederation lie withdrew from Congress, 
 but was re-elected in 1784, and chosen President of 
 that body, serving till 1787. He contended for the 
 necessity nf amendments to the Constitution previous- 
 ly to its adoption in 1789, and was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving one 
 session as President pro tern, of that body. He was 
 one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Gov- 
 ernment on the Potomac. He was the author of a 
 
 number of political pamphlets, and his correspon- 
 dence was published in 1835. He died at Chautilly, 
 Westmoreland County, Virginia, June 9, 1794. 
 
 Lee, Silas, — He gr: ^uated at Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1784 ; served in *e Massachusetts Legisla- 
 ture in 1793, 1797. and 1798 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1803 ; 
 Judge of Probate from 1805 to 1814 ; for some years 
 Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and he 
 was appointed by President Adams United States 
 District Attorney for Maine. Died in 1814. 
 
 Ljee, Tfiomns. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1833 to 1837 ; and died 
 at Port Elizabeth, November 3, 1855. 
 
 Lee, Thomas, — Born in Cliarleston. South Caro- 
 lina, December 1, 17C9 ; educated for the legal pro- 
 fession, and soon attained eminence ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature ; president of the State 
 Bank in 1817 ; State Solicitor in 1794 ; Comptroller- 
 General until 1816 ; Judge of Court of Common 
 Pleas in 1804 ; and Judge of the United States Court 
 for the District of South Carolina from 1833 till 
 the close of his life. He was one of the leaders of 
 the Union partv, and an able writer in its defense. 
 He was also active in the temperance reform, and in 
 benevolent enterprises. He died at Charleston, Octo- 
 ber 23, 1839. 
 
 Lee, Thomas Lndirifl. — Born in Stafford, Vir- 
 ginia, about 1730 ; h^ held a conspicuous position as a 
 patriot and lawyer during the Revolution ; was a 
 member of the Houses of Burgesses, and of the Con- 
 ventions of July and December, 1775 ; and of the 
 Committee of Safety. In the Convention of 1770 he 
 was placed on the Committee to draft a Declaration of 
 Rights, and a plan of Government ; on the organi- 
 zation of the State Government, he was appointed 
 one of the five Revisors, and one of the five Judges 
 of the General Court. He died before the close of 
 the Revolution. He was the second of the brothers 
 so famous during the Revolution. 
 
 Lee, Thomas Sim, — He was born in 1743 ; was 
 Governor of Maryland from 1779 to 1783 ; a Delegate 
 to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784 ; was 
 again Governor from 1793 to 1794 ; and died in 1810. 
 
 Lee, WiViam. — Born about 1737; was sent to 
 London as the agent of Virginia ; and became a mer- 
 chant there ; being a zealous Whig he was elected 
 Sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1773 ; and in 
 1775 an Aldei-man, but resigned on the breaking out of 
 the Revolutionary War, and went to France. He 
 heartily joined his brothers in maintaining the Revolu- 
 tonary struggle in America, and communicated im- 
 j>ortant intelligence. He was appointed by Congress 
 Commercial Agent at Nantes in January, 1777 ; was 
 afterwards Minister at the Hague, and was United 
 States agent at Vienna and Berlin, but was recalled 
 early in 1779. He was an able writer. He died at 
 Greenspring, Virginia, June 27, 1795. 
 
 Lee, WiUiam. — He was born in Massachusetts ; 
 and in 1817 he was appointed Second Auditor of the 
 Treasury, having been the first appointed to that 
 office, in which he remained until 1824, when he was 
 appointed Fourth Auditor, which he retained some- 
 what less than one year. 
 
 Lee, Z.^Coll ins.— Born in Westmoreland County, 
 Virginia, December 5, 1805 ; educated in the Virginia 
 University ; studied law under 'William Wirt and 
 practiced in Baltimore Maryland. He became emi- 
 nent as a lawver, and was an eloquent and effective 
 speaker. He "was United States District Attorney 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 from 1848 to 1856 ; and Judge of the Superior Court 
 from 1855 till bis deatli, which occurred in Baltimore, 
 December 26, 1859. 
 
 Leef, Isanc, — Born in Pennsylvania in 1803 ; 
 was for several years in tbe Senate of tbat State ; a 
 Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1831 ; and 
 died at Washington, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1844. 
 
 Lefevre, Joseph. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Lefferfs, •John, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1813 to 1815 ; a member 
 of the ' ' State Constitutional Convention " of 1831 ; 
 and a State Senator from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Leffler, Isfiac—'BorTi in Washington County, 
 Penn.sylvania, in November, 1788 ; was educated at 
 JeJierson College ; studied law, and settled in Wheel- 
 ing, Virginia ; in 1817 was elected to the Virginia 
 Legislature, where he served eight years ; in 1837 
 was elected a member of the Board of Public Works ; 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from Vir- 
 ginia from 1837 to 1839. In 1832 again elected to the 
 Virginia Legislature ; in 1835 removed to Burlington, 
 Iowa ; served two years in the Legislature of Wiscon- 
 sin Territory ; one year as Speaker ; one year in the 
 Legislature of Iowa ; in 1843 was appointed Marshal 
 of Iowa ; in 1849 Register of the Land OiBce at Still- 
 water, but declined ; in 1853 appointed Receiver of 
 the same office, whence he was removed for opinion's 
 sake. 
 
 Leffler, Shepherd, — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; educated for the law, but devoted himself to 
 farming ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Iowa from 1846 to 1851. In 1875 he was a candidate 
 for the office of Governor, made so by the Democrats. 
 
 Leffjvich, tTabez, — He was bom in Bedford 
 County^ Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1831 to 1825. 
 
 LeftiricJi, fTohn IF. — He was born in Bedford 
 County, Virginia, September 7, 1826 ; graduated at 
 the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1850 ; 
 subsequently settled in Memphis, Tennessee, as a 
 merchant and cotton-factor ; and in 1865 he was 
 elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thir- 
 ty-ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of 
 the first session of that Congress, and serving on the 
 Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 
 1866, and to the New York Convention of 1868. Died 
 at Lynchburg in June, 1870. 
 
 Legare, ITuf/Ji Sivinton. — He was bora at 
 Charleston, South Carolina, January 2, 1797 ; gradu- 
 ated at the College of that State in 1814, and after 
 having studied law went to Europe, where he re- 
 mained until 1820, occupied with the pursuits of lit- 
 erature. On his return to Charle.ston, he devoted 
 himself to the practice of his profession and to agri- 
 cultural pursuits. In 1830 he was appointed Attor- 
 ney-General of the State, and was the principal editor 
 of the S'mthern Ri view. In 1833 he was appointed 
 Chargt' d'Affaires of the United States to Belgium ; 
 from 1837 to 1839 was a Representative of his native 
 State in Congress ; and in 1841 was appointed Attor- 
 ney-General of the United States by President Tyler, 
 and also Acting Secretary of State. He died sudden- 
 ly at Boston, June 20, 1843, while accompanying the 
 President in his journey to attend the Bunker Hill 
 Celebration. His fine taste as a writer, his eminent 
 acquirements as a scholar, and his learning and elo- 
 quence as a lawyer, were known and appreciated 
 
 throughout the Union. His writings were collected 
 and published in 1846. 
 
 Legf/ett, Mortimer D. — Born in Ithaca, New 
 York, April 19, 1851 ; removed ^vith his parents to 
 Geauga County, Ohio, at the age of sixteen ; he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1853, and settled in Zanesville 
 in 1857 ; was Superintendent of Public Schools until 
 1861, when he raised the Seventy-eighth Ohio Infantry, 
 and was made Colonel in 1863 : he was at Fort Donel- 
 son, and at Pittsburg Landing, where he was wounded ; 
 at the siege of Corinth, he commanded a brigade, and 
 captured Jackson, Tennessee. At Bolivar he repulsed 
 the Rebels, and was wounded ; he was appointed 
 Brigadier-General in 1863 ; was severely wounded at 
 Champion Hills, and at Vicksburg. He was in the 
 battles of the Atlanta Campaign ; in Sherman's March 
 to the Sea, he commanded a Division ; was Brevet 
 Major-General in 1864, and Major-General in 1865, and 
 was appointed United States Commissioner of Patents 
 in 1871. 
 
 Lehman, William E. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 August 31, 1823, graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1843 ; studied law, and after practicing 
 with success, retired from the bar and traveled in 
 Europe. By President Polk he was appointed an Ex- 
 aminer of Post-Offices in New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania, and he was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
 a member of the Committee on Accounts. His family 
 was one of note in Dresden, his father and grand- 
 father having acquired distinction in the civil and 
 military service. In 1863 he was appointed a Provpst 
 Marshal in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Leib, 3Iiehael. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1806, when he 
 resigned ; and a Senator of the United States from 
 1808 to 1814, and in the latter year he was appointed 
 Postmaster at Philadelphia. He also served in the 
 Legislature of Pennsylvania both before and after his 
 election to Congress. He was also a Presidential 
 Elector in 1809. Died in Philadelphia, December 38, 
 1833, aged sixty-three years. 
 
 Leib, Owen D. — Born in Schuykill, Pennsyl- 
 vania ; youngest of nine brothers ; received a common- 
 school and classical education ; studied medicine and 
 graduated at the Jefferson Medical Institution in 
 Philadelphia ; practiced his profession in Columbia 
 County ; and was a Representative in Congi'ess from 
 Pennsylvania from 184.5 to 1847, serving as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Depart- 
 ment. Died June 17, 1848. 
 
 Leidy. Paul. — Bom in Hemlock, Columbia 
 County, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1813. He was 
 educated at a common school ; the early part of his 
 life was devoted to agricultural pursuits ; from the 
 age of sixteen to twenty-four he followed the business 
 of a tailor ; taught school, and having studied law at 
 the same time, has since practiced that profession. 
 He was for five years District Attorney for Montour 
 County ; for a short time Superintendent of Common 
 Schools for the same county ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Roads and Canals. 
 
 Leigh, Benjamin Wafhins. — Bom in Virgin- 
 ia in 1782, and died at Richmond, February 3, 1849. 
 He was one of the most eminent men of his State ; 
 well known as a lawyer and public man. From 1829 
 to 1841 he was a Reporter of the State ; frequently a 
 member of the House of Delegates ; a member of the 
 Convention of 1830 for revising the State Constitu- 
 tion ; and a Senator in Congress from 1834 to 1837. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 257 
 
 Leiper, George G, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 Leifei; Henjamtn F, — He was born in Leiters- 
 burg, Washington County, Maryland, October 13, 
 1813. He was chiefly educated by his father ; taught 
 school in Maryland from 1830 to 1834 ; removed to 
 Ohio and taught there until 1843, after which he was 
 admitted to the bar and devoted himself to the prac- 
 tice of law, in which he was successful ; he was 
 elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1848, and was 
 chosen temporary Chairman by the Democrats, acting 
 as such throughout the long contest of that year be- 
 ween his party and the Whigs, which is now spoken 
 of in Ohio as the " days of the Revolution ; " in 1849 
 he was re-elected and chosen Speaker ; and in 1854 
 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected to each 
 successive Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 T-enf, Jatiies.—Jie was a member of Congress 
 from New York from 1829 to 1833, and died in Wash- 
 ington, February 24, 1833. He was Chairman of the 
 Committee on Expenditures in the Department of 
 State. 
 
 Leonard, George. — Born in Boston, July 4, 
 1729 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1748 ; a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1789 
 to 1793, and from 1795 to 1797 ; a man of unusual 
 wealth ; for his learning was made a Doctor of Laws ; 
 and died at Newton, Massachusetts, July 26, 1819. 
 His descendants are numerous, and many of them 
 distinguished. 
 
 Leonard, 3Iofiefi G. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1843 to 1845 ; and was for several years 
 Commissioner of Emigration in the city of New 
 York. 
 
 Leonard, StepJien 2>. — He was born in New 
 York ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 
 1841. 
 
 Leslie, Preston H, — He was born in Wayne 
 County, Kentucky, March 3, 1819 ; was left an or- 
 phan at an early age and became a cart-driver in 
 Louisville, at the age of thirteen ; from this and 
 similar positions, he succeeded in earning a living ; 
 studied law, and began to practice in Monroe County, 
 at the age of twenty -two ; represented that county 
 in the Legislature in 1844 and 1850 ; and was State 
 Senator from 1851 to 1855 ; removed to Barren County, 
 and was again Senator from 1867 to 1871 ; in 1869 he 
 was chosen Speaker of the Senate ; and acted as Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor ; in 1871 was elected Governor for 
 four years, by the remarkable majority of 37,156. 
 
 Leteher, .Tohn. — Born in Lexington, Rockbridge 
 County, Virginia, March 28, 1813 ; he commenced his 
 classical studies at Washington College, and com- 
 pleted his education at Randolph Macon College ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1839 ; during that year he established, and 
 for a time edited the Vulley Star, in Lexington ; was 
 a member of tlie Convention for Reforming the Con- 
 stitution of Virginia in 1850 ; and was elected a 
 Representative in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, 
 Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving 
 generally as a member of the Committee on AVays 
 and Means. He was in 1859 elected by the Democ- 
 racy of Virginia Governor of that Commonwealth. 
 He was also a Presidential Elector in 1849. 
 
 Letcher, Robert P. — He was born in Gooch- 
 land County, Virginia ; received a good education, and 
 
 17 
 
 adopted the profession of law. He served a number 
 of years in the State Legislature, and was at one time 
 elected Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1837 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from 1823 to 1835 ; Governor of Keniucky from 1840 
 to 1844 ; and in 1849 was appointed Minister to Mex- 
 ico. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, January 24, 
 1861. 
 
 Letltze, JEnianuef. — Born in Emingen, Wur- 
 temberg, May 24, 1816; emigrated with his parents, 
 in liis youth, to Philadelphia, and for a time resided 
 iu Virginia ; early displayed a talent with the pencil 
 and facility in taking likenesses. His first successful 
 picture was that of " An Indian Gazing at the Setting 
 Sun ; " the sale of which enabled him to study at Dus- 
 seldorf with Lessing in 1841. His " Columbus before 
 the Court of Salamanca," was purchased by the Dus- 
 seldorf Art Union; and his " Columbus in Chains," 
 procured him the Medal of the Brussels Art Exhibi- 
 tion. In 1843 he studied at Munich, where he fin- 
 ished " Columbus before the Queen." After a tour 
 in Italy, he returned to Dusseldorf iu 1845, where he 
 established himself. In 1859 he returned to the 
 United States, and depicted many striking events of 
 the Revolutionary War ; among the best was " Wash- 
 ington Crossing the Delaware." Two of his better 
 pictures are •' The Amazon and her Children," and 
 " Milton Playing before Cromwell." He was com- 
 missioned by the Government to paint the large pic 
 ture of "Westward the Star of Empire takes its 
 Way," for one of the staircases in the Capitol at 
 Washington, which is considered the finest work of 
 the kind iu the United States. He died iu Washing- 
 ton, District of Columbia, July 18, 1868. 
 
 Levin, Lewis C. — He was born in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, November 10, 1808 ; received a liber- 
 al education, having graduated at Columbia College, 
 South Carolina ; adopted the profession of law, and 
 practiced tlie same in Maryland, Louisiana, Ken- 
 tucky, and Pennsylvania; and was a Repre.sentative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847, 
 and again from 1847 to 1851, generally serving on the 
 Committee on Naval Affairs. To him is generally 
 awarded tlie credit of having founded, in 1843, the 
 Native American Party. Died in Philadelphia, March 
 14, 1860. 
 
 Lev;/, William Mallory.— Born in the County, 
 of Isle of Wight, Virginia, October 30, 1827; received 
 a classical and collegiate education ; in 1846 he vohiu. 
 teered in the First Louisiana Regiment for service in 
 Mexico, and was made a lieutenant, serving until peace 
 was declared in 1848 ; returned to Virginia, studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1849 ; in 1853 he removed 
 to Natchitoches, Louisiana, and devoted himself to 
 the practice of his profession ; was a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1860 and 1861 ; a Presidential' 
 Elector in the former year ; served as a Colonel in tho 
 Confederate service, and in 1874 he was elected a 
 Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Lewis, Abtier. — He was born in New York; was 
 a member of the Assembly of that State from Chau- 
 tauqua County in 1838 and 1839, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 
 
 1847. 
 
 Leivis, Barbour. — He was born iii Alburg, 
 Vermont, in 1834 ; graduated at Illinoi.s, College in 
 1846 ; was a teacher for some ysars at Mobile, Ala- 
 bama, and then studied law in Albany, New York, 
 and at Cambridge, Massachuseftts ; entered the Army 
 as a Captain of Volunteers iu 1861, and served until 
 1864 ; in 18G3 was appointed Judge for the District of 
 Memphis by the military authorities, and served -as 
 
25S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 such in 1863 and 1804; in March, 1867, was appointed 
 President of the Board of County Commissioners of 
 Shelliy County, Tennessee, and held the office until 
 November, 1869, and was elected to the Forty-tliird 
 Congress, serving on tlie Committee on Railroads and 
 Canals. 
 
 Lewis, BiirwcJl B. — Born in Montgomery, Ala- 
 bama, July 8, 1838 ; graduated at the State Univer- 
 sity in 18.57 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1859, 
 residing at Monticello and Tuscaloosa ; served in the 
 Confederate Army as an officer ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1868 ; served in the State Legislature from 
 1870 to 1872, and in 1874 lie was elected a Represen- 
 tative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Lewis, Charles II, — He was a citizen of Virgin- 
 ia, and in 1870 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Portugal, where lie remained until 1874, when he re- 
 signed. 
 
 Lewis, David P. — He was Governor of Alaba- 
 ma from 1873 to 1874. 
 
 Lewis, Dixon H, — Born in Dinwiddle County, 
 Virginia, in 1803, and educated at the South Carolina 
 College. He studied law, removed to Alabama, and 
 became eminent in his profession. He was an able 
 and amiable man, and physically very large and 
 flesliy ; and the story is relnted of liim, that, when 
 returning home on one of the Southern steamers, 
 which was wrecked, lie refused to take a seat in a 
 small boat, because the lives of several persons would 
 thereby be jeopardized, and, though for a time he 
 was in great danger, he was rescued. He represented 
 Alabama in Congress from 1829 to 1843, and, from 
 1844 until his deatli, was a Senator in Congress. Died 
 in New York, October 25, 1848. 
 
 Lewis, Ellis. — Born in Lewisberry, York County, 
 Pennsylvania, May 16, 1798. He was first a printer, 
 then studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; 
 appointed Deputy Attorney-General of the State in 
 1834 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1833 ; 
 ai)pointed Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, Jan- 
 uary, 1833 ; President Judge of the Eighth Judicial 
 District, January, 1843, and of the Second District, 
 January, 1843 ; a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State, October, 1851 ; Chief Justice, December, 1854 ; 
 and re-nominated in 1857 ; a Commissioner to revise 
 the Criminal Code of Pennsylvania in 1858. He re- 
 ceived the degree of M.D. from the Philadelphia 
 Medical College for his knowledge of medical juris- 
 prudence. Was the author of an Abridgment of 
 the Criminal Law of the United States, and a con- 
 tributor to periodical literature. Received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Jefferson College. Died in Philadel- 
 phia, March 19, 1871. 
 
 Leiifis, Francis. — He was born in LlandafF, 
 Wales, in March, 1713 ; was educated at Westmin- 
 ster ; emigrated to America in 1735, and settled in 
 New York as a merchant. In the prosecution of his 
 business he visited Russia and other parts of Europe ; 
 as Agent for supplying the British troops he was 
 present at Fort Oswego when it surrendered to Mont- 
 calm, and as a prisoner he was taken to Montreal and 
 to France. After his release he returned to America ; 
 became one of the "Sons of Liberty ;" was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1779 ; 
 signed the Articles of Confederation ; and was also 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence ; and after a long course of successful business 
 operations, died December 30, 1808. 
 
 Lewis, 'Tann'S T. — Born in Clarendon, Orleans 
 County, New York, October 30, 1819 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied law, and settled at Co- 
 
 lumbus, Wisconsin, in 1845 ; was elected Probate 
 Judge of Columbia County in 1846 ; District Attorney 
 in 1847 ; member of the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of the same year ; took an interest in military af- 
 fairs and was made a General of Militia ; was elected 
 to the State Legislature in 1851 ; to the State Senate 
 in 1852 ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1853 ; Secretary of 
 State in 1861 ; and Governor of ^^'isconsin in 1863, de- 
 clining a re-nomination. He took an active part in 
 public affairs during the Rebellion and did much to 
 promote the Union cause. 
 
 Lewis, •Toll n F. — He was born near Port Repub- 
 lic, March 1, 1818 ; raised as a farmer, which occupa- 
 tion lie has since followed ; was elected, in 1861, to 
 the convention called for the purpose of determining 
 whether Virginia should remain in the Union or cast 
 her lot with the Gulf States, and was the only mem- 
 ber of that body who refused to sign the ordinance of 
 secession ; was a Union candidate for Congress in 
 1865, and defeated ; was nominated in 1869 for Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor, and elected ; and was elected a United 
 States Senator from Virginia in 1869, and took his 
 seat in 1870 for the term ending in 1875, serving on 
 the Committee on Engrossed Bills, and Chairman of 
 that on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Lewis, .Joseph , ,Ir. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1803 to 1817. 
 
 Lewis, 'Joseph H. — He was born in Barren 
 County, Kentucky, October 39, 1824 ; graduated at 
 Centre College in 1843 ; studied and practiced law , 
 was a member of the State Legislature in 1850, 1851, 
 1853, and 1869 ; and was elected to the Forty-first 
 Congress, for the unexpired term of I. S. GoUoday, 
 resigned ; and was re-elected to the Forty second 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts. 
 
 Lewis, .Joseph J. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and in 1863 he was appointed from that State Com- 
 missioner of Internal Revenue in the Treasury De- 
 partment, remaining in office until 1865. 
 
 Leiris, Joseph Jt. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Washington Territory, and was appointed in 1872 
 an Associate Justice of the United States Court for 
 that District. 
 
 Lewis, .Joshua. — He was an early emigrant to 
 the Territory of Orleans, and in 1806 he was appointed 
 a Judge of the United States Court for that District. 
 
 Lewis, 3Ieri wether. — Born near Charlottesville, 
 Virginia, August 18, 1774 ; his father died when he 
 was a child, and at the age of eighteen he reliniiuislied 
 his academic studies for farming, which he pursued 
 for two years ; he was a volunteer during the Whis- 
 ky Insurrection, and was transferred to the regular 
 service as Ensign in 1795, and became Captain in 
 1800 ; he was the Private Secretary of President Jef- 
 ferson for two years, and in 1803 he was sent by hira 
 upon an exploring expedition across the continent to 
 tlie Pacific ; at his request Clarke was appointed to 
 accompany him, and they returned in 1806. He was 
 made Governor of Louisiana Territory in 1807, and 
 restored the country from strife and dissensions to 
 order. He was subject to attacks of hypochondria, 
 and while under the influence of this disorder, put an 
 end to his life near Nashville, October 11, 1809. A 
 narrative of the expedition of Lewis and Clarke, from 
 materials furnished by each explorer, was prejjared 
 by Nicholas Biddle and Paul Allen, with a memoir of 
 Lewis by Jefferson, published in 2 vols., 8vo, 1814. 
 
 Lewis, 3Iorgan. — Bom in New Y'ork, Octobei 
 16, 1754 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1773 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 259 
 
 studied law in the office of John Jay ; in June, 1775, \ 
 joined the army at Cambridge, and was made Captain 
 of a rifie company in August ; Major of the Second ' 
 New Yorlc Regiment in November ; Colonel and Chief 
 of Staff to General Gates in June, 1776; and soon after 
 Quartermaster-General of the Northern Department ; j 
 he was at the surrender of Burgoyne ; accompanied 
 General Clinton in the expedition up the Mohawk ; 
 and at Stone Arabia, led the advance and routed the 
 Indian foe ; he was admitted to the bar at the close 
 of the war. and practiced in Dutchess County ; was a 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; Attorney-Gen- I 
 eral of the State in 1791 ; Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of the State in 1793 ; Chief Justice in 1801 ; Governor 
 from 1804 to 1807 ; and member of the State Legisla- 
 ture from 1808 to 1811 ; he was appointed Quarter- 
 master-General with tl'e rank of Brigadier-General in 
 1812 ; Major-General in 1813 and ordered to the Niag- 
 ara frontier ; made a successful descent on the British 
 side of Niagara River April 28, 1813 ; in 1814 was in- 
 trusted with the defense of New York city ; he sub- 
 sequently devoted himself to literature and agricul- 
 ture ; in 1835 was President of the New York Historical 
 Society ; February 22, 1832, delivered a Centennial 
 address, in honor of Washington, before the civil 
 authorities. Died in New York, October 16, 1854. 
 
 IjPivin, Sefh, — He was an early emigrant to the 
 Territory of Mississippi, and in 1800 he was appointed 
 Chief Justice of the United States Court for that Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Tjeirin. T/io man, —Bom in Donegal County, Ire- 
 land, A]iril 27, 1718 ; had a liberal education ; was an 
 excellent mathematician ; became surveyor of Au- 
 gusta County in 1745 ; was a member of the House of 
 Burgesses, where he advocated the resolutions of 
 Patrick Henry in 1765 ; also a member of the State 
 Conventions of 1775 and 1776, in which he aided in 
 preparing the Declaration of Rights in the State Con- 
 stitution ; and of the Convention of 1788 which rati- 
 fied the Federal Constitution. As a memlier of the 
 First House of Delegates he united with Jefferson in 
 enacting religious toleration ; he was a member of the 
 Committee of Safety ; and one of the boldest patriots 
 of Virginia. He died at Port Republic, Virginia, 
 January 31, 1790. 
 
 Lewis, Tho)iias, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from October 17, 1803, to 
 March 5, 1804, when his seat was successfully con- 
 tested by A. Moore. 
 
 Leii'is, ViffifDit, — He was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in 1791 he was appointed a Judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Lewis, William J. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Ty Hmt\mediet> , Ezra. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1754 ; and was a Delegate from New York 
 to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and 
 again in 1787 and 1788. Died in 1811. 
 
 Liiffon, Thomas If'afJiins.—lle was born in 
 Prince Edward County, Virginia ; placed at an early 
 age at Hampden Sydney College, but finished his edu- 
 cation at the L^^niversity of Virginia ; he studied law, 
 and, after spending a year and a half at tlie Yale Law 
 School, settled in Baltimore ; he was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1845 to 1849 ; ha\-ing 
 been re-elected for a second term ; and was elected in 
 1854 Governor of that State. 
 
 fyi/li/, Sam lief. — Was born in New York; adopted 
 the medical profession ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 TJneol 11, Abraham.— 'Re was bom in Hardin 
 County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809 ; removed with 
 his father to Indiana in 1816 ; received a limited edu- 
 cation ; worked at rail-splitting for a time ; and twice 
 visited New Orleans as a boatman ; reniovcd to Illi- 
 nois in 1830, and turned his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits ; he served as a Captain of Volunteers in the 
 Black Hawk War ; was at one time Postmaster of 
 New Salem ; and he served four years iu the Illinois 
 Legislature, viz., 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840, during 
 which time he turned his attention again to tlie study 
 of law with John T, Stuart, and settled at Springfield 
 in the practice of his profession. He was a member 
 of the " National Convention " which nominated Gen- 
 eral Taylor for President in 1848 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Illinois from 1847 to 1840, 
 serving on the Committees on the Post-Office and Post- 
 Roads, and on Expenses in the War Department. In 
 1858 he acquired distinction by stumping the State of 
 Illinois for the United States Senate, against S. A. 
 Douglas ; and in 1860 he was nominated by the Re- 
 publican Party as their candidate fSr President of the 
 United States, and was duly elected to that position 
 for the tenn commencing March 4, 1861 ; by the 
 " Baltimore Convention," held in 1864, he was nomi- 
 nated for re-election to the Presidency, and was tri- 
 umphantly elected ; in December, 1864, the degree of 
 LL. D. was conferred upon him by Princeton College. 
 On April 14, 1865, while seated in a private box at 
 the theatre, he was shot in the head by an assassin, 
 named John Wilkes Booth, and died at seven o'clock 
 on the following morning. The circumstances of his 
 death filled the whole land with horror, and the dem- 
 onstrations to his memory were heartfelt and uni- 
 versal. His name was everj'where mentioned, with 
 rare kindness, as the "Martyred President." 
 
 IJ II coin, Enoch. — Born in Worcester, Massa- 
 chusetts, December 28, 1788 ; and, after studying 
 law, settled in Fryeburg, Maine, and afterwards re- 
 moved to Paris. He was a member of the United 
 States House of Representatives from Massachusetts 
 from 1818 to 1820, succeeding A. K. Parris, resigned ; 
 and from 1821 to 182G from the new State of Maine, 
 when he was elected Governor of Maine, and re 
 elected in 1828. He published, while at Fryeburg, 
 a poem, entitled " The Village ; " he was also the 
 author of some historical recollections of Maine. He 
 died at Augusta, October 8, 1829. 
 
 Lincoln. Levi. — Born May 15, 1749. atHingham, 
 Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in 
 1772, and settled as a lawyer in Worcester, where he 
 rose to distinction ; was a Judge of Probate ; a State 
 Senator in 1797 ; .Countv Prosecutor in 1775 ; a State 
 Counselor in 1806, 1810^ and 1811 ; and he was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; and dur- 
 ing the administration of President Adams he wrote 
 a series of political papers, called " Farmer's Letters." 
 In 1801 he was appointed Attorney-General of the 
 United States, and acted as Secretary of State until 
 Mr. Sladison reached Washington ; and in 1807 was 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, acting as 
 Governor in 1809, after the death of Governor Sulli- 
 van. In 1611 he was appointed Associate Judge of 
 the Supreme Court, but declined the office. He died 
 at Worcester, Massachusetts, April 14, 1820, aged 
 seventy-one years. 
 
 Lincoln, Levi, — He was the son of the preced- 
 ing, and was born in Massachusetts, October 25,1782 ; 
 was a State Senator in 1812 ; a State Representative 
 from 1814 to 1823, and Speaker in 1822 ; Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Massachusetts in 1823 ; Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of the State in 1824 ; a Presidential 
 Elector in 1825 ; Collector at Boston from 1841 to 
 1843 ; a State Senator in 1844 and 1845, and President 
 thereof ; Mayor of Worcester in 1848 ; and Governor 
 
260 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 of Massachusetts from 1825 to 1834 ; and from 1834 
 to 1841 was a Representative in Congress. He was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1864. Died at Worcester, 
 JIa.v 29, 1808. 
 
 Lhicohi. It'ilfitim S. — He was born in Newark 
 Valley, Tiojra Comity, New York, August 13, 1813 ; 
 was educated for mercantile pursuits, and after de- 
 voting his attention for many years to merchandising:, 
 he became engaged in the manufacture of leather ; 
 was Postmaster of Newark Valley from 1838 to 180G ; 
 was also Supervisor of the town for several years ; 
 and in 1860 he was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 
 
 Lindfei/. •Tfiuies J. — Born at Mansfield, Ohio, 
 January 1, 1822 ; went with his parents to Kentucky 
 when a boy, and lived at Cynthiana several years ; 
 was a student in Woodville College, Ohio, for two 
 years ; studied law, and located at Monticello, Mis- 
 souri, in 1846. In 1848 he was elected Circuit At- 
 torney for eight Counties, and re-elected in 1852. He 
 was a Representative from Missouri in the Thirty- 
 third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 fourth. He afterwards removed to Davenport, Iowa, 
 and engaged in the practice of his profession. 
 
 from New York to the Colonial Congress which met 
 in New York City in 1705. 
 
 LifcJi/ielfl, Efishfi. — He was bom at Canter- 
 bury, Connecticut, in 1795 ; served five years in the 
 New York Legislature, from Onondaga County ; was 
 Speaker in 1848 ; was many years a Justice of the 
 Peace at Delphi, New York; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823, 
 and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Cazenovia, 
 New York, August 4, 1859. 
 
 Lifffe, Eflirard P. — He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts in 1788, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1852 to 1853. He was a State 
 Representative from 1829 to 1834, and from 1835 to 
 1838, and Collector at Plymouth from 1853 to 1857. 
 
 Little, Peter, — He was bom in Petersburg, 
 Pennsylvania ; removed to Maryland, and was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1811 to 1813 ; was in the latter year ap- 
 pointed, by President Madison, Colonel of Infantry ,-- 
 and again a Representative in Congress from 1816 to 
 1829. Died February 5, 1830, in Baltimore County, 
 Marvland. 
 
 Linflsdj/, Pnbrft B. 
 
 Alabama from 1871 to 1872. 
 
 Lhidslei/, Williom I>. — He was bom in Con- 
 necticut ; and having removed to Ohio, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Linn, Archibald L. — He was born in New 
 York in 1802 ; graduated at Union College ; studied 
 law in Schenectady, and came to the bar in that city ; 
 was twice elected Mayor of the same ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1841 to 
 1843 ; and in 1844 he was elected to the State As- 
 sembly. Died in Grassfield, New York, October 10, 
 1857. 
 
 Lin n , 'J a m es. — He graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1769, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New Jersey from 1799 to 1801, when he was ap- 
 pointed by President Jefferson Supervisor of the 
 Revenue. He also held the otEce for many years of 
 Secretary of State of New Jersey. Died at Trenton, 
 December 29, 1820. 
 
 Linn, 'Toll It. — He was born in New .Jersey, was 
 for many years a member of the New Jersey Assem- 
 bly, and a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1817 to 1821. Died January 6, 1821. 
 
 Linn, Leii'is F, — ^Born near Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, November 5, 1796. He was educated chiefly by 
 an elder brother, and studied medicine. In 1809 he re- 
 moved to Missouri, and in 1814 helped to fight the 
 battles of his country. After successfully practicing 
 his profession, he was elected to the State Legislature 
 in 1827, and in 1833 was elected a Senator in Congress, 
 in which capacity he served until his death, which 
 occurred at St. Genevieve, Missouri, October 3, 1843. 
 He proved himself to be a man of remarkable abili- 
 ties, identified himself throughout his whole career 
 in Congress with the interests of the valley of the 
 Mississippi, and, when he died, many of the best men 
 in the country eulogized him for his manifold vir- 
 tues. 
 
 IjifrjtW, Ifenrif, — He was elected in 1875 Gov- 
 ernor of Rhode Island for the term ending in 1876. 
 
 Lispenard, Leonard, — He was a Delegate 
 
 Littlefteld, Nathaniel S.— Bom in Wells, York 
 He was Governor of County, Maine, September 20, 1804 : received a com- 
 j mon-school education ; studied and adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; was a member of the Maine Senate 
 in 1837, 1838, and 1839 ; President of the same a part 
 of the time ; a Representative from Maine to the 
 Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first Congresses ; and a 
 member of the Maine House of Representatives in 
 1854. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Littlejohn , DeWitt C. — Was bom in Bridge- 
 water, Oneida County, New York, February 7. 1818 ; 
 received a thorough academic education ; and since 
 1839 has been largely engaged in the commerce of the 
 lakes and canals, as well as in the manufacture of 
 flour. He served as President of the village of Oswe- 
 go, and when it became a city he became an Alder- 
 man, and was twice elected JIayor. He was seven 
 times elected to the Assembly of New York, presiding 
 as Speaker during five terms ; and in 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Thir- 
 ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Committee 
 on Revolutionary Pensions. After retiring from Con- 
 gress he was again elected to the State Legislature. 
 
 Livrrniore, Arthtir, — Bom in Londonderry, 
 New Hampshire, July 26, 1776. He was a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1T99 to 
 1816 ; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; from 1825 to 
 1833 Judge of the Common Pleas ; and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 1823 
 to 1825. He died at Campton, New Hampshire, July 
 1, 1853. He was the son of Samuel Livermore. 
 
 Lirern}ore, Edward St. Loe, — Born in Ports- 
 mouth, New Hampshire. April 5, 1762 ; was United 
 States Attorney to the Circuit Court ; a Counselor at 
 Law ; Representative in Congress from New Hamp- 
 shire from 1807 to 1812 ; a Judge of the Su])erior 
 Court of New Hampshire from 1797 to 1799 ; a resi- 
 dent of Boston in 1813, and delivered the Fourth of 
 July oration ; in 1799 an oration at Portsmouth, on the 
 dissolution of the union between France and the 
 United States ; and also an oration on the Embargo 
 Law, January 6, 1809. Died at Lowell, Massachu- 
 setts, September 22, 1832. ^ 
 
 Livermore, Samuel. — Bora in Waltham, Mas- 
 sachusetts, May 14, 1732 ; graduated at Princeton 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 261 
 
 College in 1752 ; came to the bar in 1769 ; was Judge 
 Advocate of the Admiralty before the Revolution ; 
 subsequently Judge of the Superior Court of Xew 
 Hampshire, and a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 
 1801, when he resigned ; and was President, pro tern., 
 of that body, during two sessions. He died at Hold- 
 erness, May, 1803. 
 
 Liviiif/stoti, Brockholst. — Bom in New York, 
 November 25, 1757 ; educated at Princeton College, 
 but left in 1776 ; served with Arnold at the capture of 
 Burgoyne, in 1779 ; was Private Secretary to John Jay 
 during his mission to Spain, in 1779 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1783 ; in 1802 he became Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Xew York ; and in 1806 he was 
 appointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. Died in Wash- 
 ington, March 11, 1823. He was the son of Governor 
 William Livingston. 
 
 Liviur/sfon, Etlirard. — Bom at Claremont, 
 Livingston Manor, New York, in 1764 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College, in 1781 ; studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1785, and pursued his profession 
 till 1795, when he was elected a Representative to 
 Congress from New York city, serving until 1802. 
 He was then appointed United States Attorney for the 
 District of Xew York, and was also Mayor of the city. 
 Removing to Xew Orleans in 1804, he became eminent 
 there as a lawyer ; at the invasion of Louisiana he 
 acted as an aid to General Jackson ; was employed in 
 negotiations for the exchange of prisoners after the 
 war ; and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829, and as a Senator of 
 the United States from 1829 to 1831, when he wa.s ap- 
 pointed by President Jackson Secretary of State, and, 
 in 1833, Minister to France. His "Penal Code" is 
 considered a monument of his profound learning. He 
 died at Rhinebeck, New York, May 23, 1836. 
 
 Lirhif/sfoti, Henry Valter. — Was bom in 
 
 1764 ; graduated at Yale College in 1786, and was 
 educated to the law. He was Secretary, in 1792, to 
 Mr. Morris, Amliassador to France ; a Representative 
 In Congress from Xew York from 1803 to 1807. He 
 died at Livingston Manor, Xew York, December 22, 
 1810, aged forty-two years. 
 
 Lii-hif/sfon, Philip. — Bom in Albany, New 
 York, January 15, 1716 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1737 ; was a successful merchant in Xew York city ; 
 was an Alderman for four years ; served several years 
 in the State Legislature, and corresponded with Ed- 
 mond Burke on commercial matters ; was President 
 of the Provincial Congress in 1775 ; mth Lee and Jay 
 was appointed to memorialize the British Govern- 
 ment ; was a Delegate to Congress from 1774 to 1778 ; 
 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; 
 subsequently served in the Senate of Xew York, and 
 died June 12, 1778. He was noted for his rare busi- 
 ness capacity and his benevolence, and was the found- 
 er of the Professorship of Divinity in Yale College ; 
 was also one of the founders of the Society Library ; 
 and aided in establishing Columbia College ; and his 
 son. Henry Philip, was a member of Washington's 
 family. i 
 
 Liviiiff.iton, Hoberf Le Hoy. — He graduated 
 at Princeton College in 1784 ; was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from the Sixth Congressional 
 District of Xew York from 1809 to 1813, but resigned 
 in 1812, when he was succeeded by T. P. Grosvenor ; 
 he was then appointed by President Madison Lieuten- j 
 ant-Colonel of Infantry. | 
 
 Liriiigsfon. Uobert Ji. — He was bom in Xew 
 
 York, November 27, 1747 ; graduated at King's Col- 
 lege in 1765 ; studied law, and was appointed Recor- 
 
 der of the city of New York, which ofiBce he resigned 
 at the beginning of the Revolution. In 1775 he was 
 elected to the Assembly from Duchess County, and 
 the same year was sent as a Delegate to the Continen- 
 tal Congress, serving till 1777, and was a member of 
 the Committee for draughting the Declaration of Inde- 
 gendence. He was also a Delegate from 1779 to 1781, 
 and, in the latter year, was aijpointed Secretary for 
 Foreign Affairs. On his resignation he received the 
 thanks of Congress. He was appointed Chancellor of 
 New York under the New Constitution, and filled that 
 situation till 1801. In 1788 he was Chairman of the 
 State Convention which adopted the Federal Consti- 
 tution. In 1794 he declined the appointment of Min- 
 ister to France, offered by Washington. In 1801 he 
 accepted that office and proceeded to Paris. After 
 the close of his mission Napoleon presented him with 
 a snuff-box, containing a miniature of himtelf, by Isa- 
 bey. With the assistance of Munroe he made the 
 purchase of Louisiana. In Paris he formed an inti- 
 macy with Robert Fulton, and was instrumental in the 
 introduction of steam navigation into the United 
 States. Introduced merino sheep and gypsum into 
 New York ; was President of an Agricultural Society 
 and of the Academy of Fine Arts ; published an ora- 
 tion delivered before the Cincinnati Society in 1787, 
 and other essays. Died in 1813, aged sixty-six 
 years. 
 
 Livinffston,Va)t Bruf/li. — He was a citizen of 
 New York, and in 1848 he was appointed Minister 
 Resident to Ecuador, but only remained there about 
 one year. 
 
 Liringsfou, Valter. — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 
 1785. 
 
 Liriiif/sfoii, Willinm. — Bom in Albany, New 
 York, November 30, 1723 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 174! ; was a lawyer by profession, and became an 
 eminent member of the bar of Xew York and Xew 
 Jersey. From 1753 to 1758 he published several 
 works on law and politics ; in 1758 he was elected 4 
 member of the Assembly. He purchased a tract of 
 land in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, built a house 
 called " Liberty Hall," and removed there in 1773 
 where he resided during the remainder of his life. He 
 was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 in 1774 ; re-elected in 1775 and served on the most im- 
 portant Committees ; was recalled June 5, to com- 
 mand, as Brigadier-General, the State Militia ; and 
 succeeded William Franklin (deposed) as Governor 
 in 1776 and held it the rest of his life. He was called 
 by the British, the " Don Quixote of the Jerseys ; " 
 from having so frequently escaped their aLtem])ts to 
 kidnap him. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Con- 
 stitutional Convention and refused the commission to 
 superintend the Federal buildings ; and as Minister 
 to Holland. He was the author of a poem called 
 "Philosophical Solitude," and a variety of Political 
 and other tracts. He died in Elizabeth, New Jersev, 
 July 25, 1790. 
 
 Llotfd, EiUcard. — He was Governor of Slary- 
 land from 1809 to 1811 ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1812 ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 
 1783 and 1784 ; a member of Congress from 1806 to 
 1809 ; and served as United States Senator from 
 Maryland from 1819 to 1826 when he resigned. He 
 washighlv respected both in public and private life. 
 He died June 2, 1834. 
 
 Lloyd, tTcimes. — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Maryland from 1797 to 1800 when he resigned. 
 
 Lloyd. .Tfiuies. — He was bom in Bo.ston, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1769 ; graduated at Harvard University 
 
2G3 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 in 1787 ; and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, 
 and resided in Russia a number of years. He de- 
 voted some attention to literature ; was elected a 
 member of the American Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences ; and received from his Alma Mater, in 1826, 
 the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a Senator in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1808 to 1813, when 
 he resigned, and again from 1822 to 1826, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committees on Commerce and Naval 
 Affairs. His reputation was that of an able states- 
 man, and a wealthy and benevolent man. He died 
 in New York city, April 5, 1831. 
 
 Loan, Senjamin F, — Born in Hardin.sburg, 
 Breckinridge County, Kentuck}-, in 1819 ; settled in 
 Missouri in 1838, and adopted the legal profession. 
 When the Rebellion broke out in 1861, he took an 
 active part in military affairs, and was appointed a 
 Brigadier-General ; and in 1862 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 Was subsequently reported against by the Committee 
 on Elections, but the action of the Committee was 
 not sustained by the House, and he retained his seat. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Freed- 
 men, and Debts of the Loyal States. Re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and on that on 
 Freedmen's Affairs. In 1869 he was appointed a Visi- 
 tor to West Point. 
 
 liOrhe, Francis. — Born in Rowan County, North 
 Carolina, October 31, 1766. He was elected Judge of 
 the Superior Court in 1803, and having resigned was 
 chosen a Senator in Congress for the years 1814 and 
 1815 from his native State, but appears not to have 
 taken his seat. In 1809 he was also a Presidential 
 Elector. Died January', 1823. 
 
 liOcke, James W. — -He was born in Wilming- 
 ton, Vermont, October 30, 1837 ; received a common- 
 school education ; studied law ; was in the Naval 
 Service during the War for the Union ; after the war 
 he practiced his profession at Key West ; in 1866 he 
 was appointed Clerk of the United States Court for 
 Southern Florida ; in 1868 he became Judge of Mon- 
 roe County ; served in the State Senate in 1870 and 
 1871 ; and in 1872 was appointed United States Judge 
 for the Southern District of Florida. 
 
 Locke, John. — He was born in Hopkinton, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in 1764 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1792 ; 
 was admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an office 
 in Ashljv. He represented that town in the Legisla- 
 ture in i804, 180.5, 1813, and 1823. In 1820 he was a 
 member of the "Constitutional Convention" of the 
 State ; and from 1833 to 1829 was a Representative in 
 Congress from the Worcester North District. In 1830 
 he was a State Senator from Middlesex County ; and 
 in 1831 was a member of the Executive Council. He 
 removed to Lowell in 1837, and thence, in 1849, to 
 Boston, where he died, March 29, 185.5. 
 
 Locke, Mattlieiv. — Born in Rowan County, 
 North Carolina, 1730, and died in 1801. He was a 
 member of the Congress at Halifax, in 1776, which 
 formed tlie Constitution of North Carolina, and was a 
 Representative in the Congress of the United States 
 from 1793 to 1799. He also served in the Legisla- 
 ture, and had four sons at one time in the Revolu- 
 tionary War. 
 
 Locke, Poifltattan li. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky and removed to Missouri, and was appointed a 
 Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Nevada, residing at Carson City. 
 
 Lockharf, James.— He was born in Auburn, 
 New York, February 13, 1806 ; removed to Indiana 
 in 1832 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1834 ; 
 in 1841 and 1842 was elected Prosecuting Attorney ; 
 from 1845 to 1851 he was Judge of the Fourth Judi- 
 cial District when he resigned ; and was a member of 
 the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1850. He 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from In- 
 diana from 1851 to 1853. Died at Evansville, Indiana, 
 September 7, 1857. 
 
 Locktrood, Hen ry A. — He was appointed Com- 
 missioner of Customs in December, 1875. 
 
 Lock iroo(} , WiUiani F. — He was bom in Con- 
 necticut, and having moved to Nebraska he was ap- 
 jiointed an Associate Justice of that Territory, residing 
 at Dakota City. 
 
 Logan, Cornelius A. — He was a citizen of 
 Kansas and in 1873 was appointed Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary to Chili, and was still in office in 1875. 
 
 Logan, George. — Born at Stanton, near Phila- 
 delphia, September 9, 1753. He was educated at 
 Edinburgh for the medical profession, but devoted a 
 great portion of his time to agriculture, and was a 
 member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania. In 1798 
 he embarked for Europe for the sole purpose of pre- 
 venting a war betwen America and France, and pre- 
 pared the way for a negotiation which terminated in 
 jieace. He was a Senator of the United States from 
 1801 to 1807. He went to England in February, 1810, 
 on the same peaceful message which led him to 
 France, but not with the same success. He was an 
 active member of the Philosophical Society and the 
 State Board of Agriculture ; and in 1797 published 
 " Experiments on Gypsum" and " Rotation of Crops. " 
 lie died at Stanton, April 9, 1821. 
 
 Logan, If en ri/.— He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Logan, John A. — Born in Jackson County, 
 Illinois ; received a common-school education ; went 
 with the army as a private in the war with Mexico, 
 and was made Quartermaster of his regiment ; in 
 1849 was elected County Clerk of Jackson County, 
 but resigned ; in 1850 studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1852, having graduated at the Louisville 
 University ; in 1853 was elected to the Illinois Legis- 
 lature ; in 1853 was appointed a Prosecuting Attorney; 
 in 1856 a Presidential Elector ; a second time elected 
 to the Legislature ; and in 1858 was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished 
 Business ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 and, resigning, served as a Colonel in the Union 
 army in 1861, and subsequently as a Major-Genera!, 
 having commanded with distinction the army of Ten- 
 nessee. In November, 1865, he was appointed by 
 President Johnson Minister to the Republic of Mexico, 
 but declined. He was a Delegate to the " Soldiers' 
 Convention " held in Pittsburg, in 1866, of the 
 Chicago Convention of 1868 ; and was re-elected to 
 the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Ordnance, and on 
 those on Retrenchment, and Ways and Means, and 
 was one of the Managers in the Impeachment trial of 
 President Andrew Johnson. In 1871 he took his seat 
 in the United States Senate for the term ending in 
 1877, serving on the Committee on Elections, and 
 Chairman of that on Military Affairs. 
 
 Logan, William, — He was born in Harrods- 
 burg, Kentucky, December 8, 1776; was a member 
 of the "State Constitutional Convention" in 1799; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 203 
 
 studied law, and practiced with success ; was frequent- 
 ly in tlie Legislatui'e, and officiated as Speaker ; was 
 twice chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals ; was a 
 Senator in Congress during the years 1819 and 1820 ; 
 and died August 8, 1822. He was the first white 
 child born in Kentucky. His father, Benjamin, was 
 a distinguished General and Pioneer. 
 
 IjOflond.JatnesJi. — He was horn in Milford, 
 Delaware, November 3, 1823 ; gi'aduated at Delaware 
 College in 1845 ; admitted to the bar in 1849 ; was 
 Secretary of the State Senate in 1849 ; a member of 
 the Convention to revise the State Constitution in 
 1853 ; Secretary of State in 1855 and 1859 ; appointed 
 a paymaster in the army in 1863, and resigned in 
 1867 ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the District of Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 Long, AlexontJer. — He was born in Greenville, 
 Mercer County, Penn.sylvania, December 24, 1810 ; 
 was educated at Cary's Academy (now Farmer's Col- 
 lege), Ohio ; adopted the profession of law, practicing 
 in Cincinnati ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 
 1848 and 1849, and in 1863 was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Ohio, to the Thirty-eight Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Claims. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the ' ' Chicago Convention " of 1864. 
 
 Long, Edtrard IF. — He was born in Maryland 
 in 1808 ; graduated at Yale College ; adopted and 
 practiced the profession of law ; served a number of 
 years in the Maryland Legislature ; was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Maryland from 1843 to 1847 ; 
 and died in Somerset, Maryland, in October, 1865. 
 He was reputed a man of ability, and at one time was 
 a candidate for the United States Senate. 
 
 Long, ,Tohn. — Born in Loudon County, Virginia; 
 was a farmer by profession ; entered public life as a 
 Senator in the Assembly, in 1813, and in 1821 was 
 elected to Congress, as a Representative from North 
 Carolina, where he remained until 1829. 
 
 Long, Pierce. — He was a Delegate from New 
 Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1786. 
 
 Long, Stephen Ilarrhnan. — Was born in 
 Hopkinton, New Hampshire, December 30, 1784 ; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1809 ; entered the 
 Engineer Corps in 1814 ; and was Assistant Professor 
 of Mathematics at West Point from 1815 to 1816 ; 
 had charge of explorations between the Mississippi 
 and the Rocky Mountains from 1818 to 1823 ; of the 
 sources of the Mississippi from 1823 to 1834 ; Survey- 
 or of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1827 to 1830 ; 
 and improvement of Western Rivers and Lake 
 harbors at dift'erent times. In 1826 he was made 
 Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel of Topographical En- 
 gineers ; Major in 1838 ; Colonel in 1861 ; Colonel of 
 Corps of Engineers in 1863 ; and retired in that year. 
 An account of his first Expedition to the Rocky 
 Mountains was published in 1823 ; and an account 
 of his second Expedition in 1834. His Rnilrond 
 Maminl. in 1829, was the first original treatise of the 
 kind published in America. He was a member of the 
 American Philosophical Society. "Long's Peak," 
 one of the highest points of the Rocky Mountains, 
 was named for him. He died at Alton, Hlinois, Sep- 
 tember 4, 1864. 
 
 Long fell oir, Stephen,— Re was born in Gor- 
 ham, Massachusetts, June 33, 1775 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1798 ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1801 ; was for many years a 
 leading politician and lawj-er in Maine ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1797 : and a member of the " Hart- 
 
 ford Convention " in 1814, of which body, at the time 
 of his death, he was the only surviving Delegate from 
 Massachusetts. From 1817 to 1836 he was a member 
 of the Corporation of Bowdoin College, from which 
 institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; he was 
 also a member of the "State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion " of 1819 ; a Representative in the Maine Legis- 
 lature in 1826 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from Maine from 1823 to 1835 ; and died at Portland, 
 August 3, 1849. He was the father of the distin- 
 guished poet Longfellow. 
 
 Longiieckei-, Ilenrg C. — Born in Allen Town- 
 ship, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, April 17, 
 1825 ; was educated at the Wilbraham Academy, 
 Massachusetts, the Norwich Military University of 
 Vermont, and Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, where 
 he graduated ; adopted the profession of law ; served 
 as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the war with Mexico; 
 and on his return was elected District Attorney of 
 Lehigh County ; was a member in 1851 of a Demo- 
 cratic Convention for Nominating State Judges ; and 
 also in 1854 of another Convention for Nominating 
 State Officers ; and he was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Military 
 Affairs. As Colonel of the Ninth Pennsylvania 
 Infantry, he commanded a brigade in Western Vir- 
 ginia at the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861, 
 and he subsequently commanded a Brigade of Militia 
 at the Battle of Antietam, and in 1867 was appointed 
 an Associate Judge of Lehigh County. Died Septem- 
 ber 18, 1871. 
 
 Longi/ear, John H', — He was born in Shan- 
 daken, Ulster County, New York, October 23, 18B0 ; 
 received a good academic education ; removed to 
 Michigan in 1844 ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1846 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Commerce, and as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the same committees. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and 
 in 1870 became a Judge of the District Court; of 
 Michigan. 
 
 Looker, Othniel, — Born on Long Island, New 
 York, October 4, 1757 ; began life as a weaver, and 
 by his own exertions received a liberal education ; 
 served five years in the Revolutionary army ; also in 
 both branches of the New York Legislature ; in 1804 
 he removed to Ohio, where he served for many years 
 in the State Senate ; in 1814 he became Governor by 
 virtue of his office as Speaker of the Senate ; was for 
 seven years a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; 
 and he died in Palestine, Illinois, April 5, 1845. 
 
 Loomis, Arj}ha.T(i(l. — He was for three years 
 a member of the Legislature of New York, from 
 Herkimer County, and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Loomis, Difight. — Bom in Columbia, Tolland 
 County, Connecticut, July 27,1831; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; spent the most of his youth on 
 a farm ; and taught school for about one year ; com- 
 menced the study of law in 1844, and having finished 
 his legal studies at New Haven, was admitted to the 
 bar in 1847 ; after which time he has practiced his 
 profession at Rockville, Connecticut. In 1851 he 
 was elected to the Connecticut Legislature ; was a 
 Delegate in 1856 to the " People's Convention" in 
 Philadelphia ; was a State Senator in 1857 ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Connecticut to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 
264 
 
 ilOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 seventh Congress, serving on tlie Committees on 
 Elections and on Agriculture ; and he was subse- 
 quently placed upon the bench of the Supreme Court 
 of Connecticut. 
 
 Lord, Frederick W, — Bom in Lyme, Con- 
 necticut, December U, 1800 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1821 ; was for two years Professor of Mathe- 
 matics in Washington College : had charge for three 
 years of an academy in the city of Baltimore ; de- 
 voted himself in Baltimore, for several years, to the 
 study of medicine, and received a diploma from Yale 
 College, in 1829 ; spent fifteen years in the practice 
 of his profession at Sag Harbor, New York, when he 
 retired ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1847 to 1849. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Baltimore " National Convention" for nomi- 
 nating President in 1840. Died at New York, Mav 
 34, 1860. 
 
 Lord, Scott. — Bom in Nelson, Madison County, 
 New York, December 11, 1830 ; received an academic 
 education and adopted the profession of law. He 
 held the offices of Judgii and Surrogate in Utica ; 
 practiced his profession with Roscoe Conkling as his 
 partner, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Loriiifj, F^dii'fird G, — He was born in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, in ISO'J ; graduated at Harvard Col- 
 lege in 1831 : ado]ited the profession of law, which 
 he practiced in his native city ; was a Lecturer on 
 Law at Harvard College for several years ; and in 
 1858 he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Claims 
 in Washington. 
 
 Loiifjhridffc, Ifif/inm. — Was born in Youngs- 
 town, Mahoning County, Ohio, July 11, 1827 ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar at the age of twenty-two years, and 
 on removing to Iowa, in 1853, he was elected a 
 member of the State Senate from 1856 to 1860. In 
 1861 he was chosen Judge of the Sixth Judicial Dis- 
 trict of Iowa, to serve until January. 1867 ; and in 
 1866 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the 
 Fortieth Congress ; serving on the Committees on 
 Private Land Claims, Agriculture, and Education in 
 the District of Columbia. Reelected to the two suc- 
 ceeding Congresses, and also the Forty-third, serving 
 on the Committees on Appropriations and the Judi- 
 ciary. 
 
 Loi^e, rJames. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Lore, Jnmen 31.— He was bom in Virginia ; re- 
 moved to Iowa, and settled in Keokuk ; and in 1856 
 he was appointed United States Judge for the District 
 of Iowa. 
 
 Lore, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1807 to 1811. 
 
 Love, Peter E.— Born near Dublin, Laurens 
 County, Georgia, July 7, 1818 ; was educated at 
 Franklin College ; studied medicine and attended 
 medical lectures in Philadelphia ; relinquished that 
 profession, and turned his attention to law, having 
 been admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1843 he was 
 chosen Solicitor-General for the Southern District of 
 Georgia ; in 1849 he was elected to the State Senate ; 
 in 1858 he was appointed a Judge for the Southern 
 Circuit of Georgia ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Georgia to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Expenses in the State De- 
 partment, and tlic Special Committee of Thirty-three 
 on the Rebellious States. 
 
 Love, Tliomas €. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837. He was 
 Judge of Erie Countv in 1838 ; District Attorney for 
 said County from 1829 to 1836 ; Surrogate from 1841 
 to 1845 ; and died at Buffalo, September 17, 1853. 
 
 Love, Willinm C. — Bom in Virginia ; educated 
 at the University of North Carolina, of which his 
 father was steward ; was a lawyer by profession, and 
 a Representative in Congress from North Carolina 
 from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Lovejoy, Oireii. — He was born in Albion, Ken- 
 nebec County, Maine, January 6, 1811 ; labored on a 
 farm until eighteen years of age ; taught school, and 
 thereby acquired the means for a college education, 
 which he received at Bowdoin. He was a clergyman 
 of the Congregational Church at Princeton, Illinois, 
 from 1838 to 1854, having resigned his pastoral duties 
 to take a seat in the Illinois Legislature, in that year ; 
 and in 1856 he was elected a Representative frorn that 
 State to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty-eighth 
 Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
 tionary Claims, Public Lands, and as Chairman of the 
 Committees on Agriculture and for the District of 
 Columbia, was also a member of the Committee on 
 the Territories. Died in Brooklyn, New York, March 
 25, 1864. 
 
 Lovell, James. — Bom in Boston, Massachusetts; 
 graduated at Harvard College in 1756, and was for 
 many years associated with his father as teacher of 
 the Latin School. In 1760 he published "Oratioin 
 Funero Thyntii." During the Revolution he was a 
 firm Whig, devoted to the cause of liberty, and was 
 imprisoned by General Gage ; he was carried a pris- 
 oner by the British troops to Halifax, where he was 
 for a long time kept in close confinement. After his 
 return to Boston, he was a Delegate to the Continen- 
 tal Congress from 1776 to 1783, and was a member of 
 the Committee on Foreign Correspondence. He also 
 ■signed the Articles of Confederation. In 1786 he was 
 Collector of Customs for Boston, and was subse- 
 quently Naval Officer for Boston and Cliarlestown, in 
 which station he remained until his death. He died 
 in 1814, aged seventy-six years. 
 
 LoveU, Louis S. — He was born in Grafton, 
 Windham County, Vermont, November 15, 1816 ; 
 after due preparation he entered Middlebury College, 
 where he graduated in 1832 ; and then he went South 
 and taught school until 1838. He then read law in 
 Springfield, Vermont, and also in New York city, 
 and removed to the West in 1841, locating himself 
 in Ionia, Michigan. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1843 ; and in 1849 he was appointed by President 
 Taylor Register of the General Land Office at Ionia, 
 which he held until the accession of President Pierce. 
 In 1857 he was elected Circuit Judge of the Eighth 
 Judicial Circuit of Michigan for six years ; re-elected 
 in 1863 for a second term ; and in 1869 was re-elected 
 for a third term, the party opposed to him declining 
 to malse any nomination. Although earnestly devo- 
 ted to his judicial duties, he found time to partici- 
 pate in the local affairs of his town, and was Vice 
 President of the First National Bank of Ionia, where 
 he resides. 
 
 Lorett, John. — He was born in Norwich, Con- 
 necticut ; graduated at Yale College, and was a mem- 
 ber of the New York Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1813 to 1814, and from 1815 to 1817. He died in 
 1818, in Ohio. 
 
 Lony, Frederick F. — ^He was a Representative 
 from California to the Thirty-seventh Congress, tak» 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 2C5 
 
 ing his seat during the second session thereof ; and 
 he was Governor of California from 1868 to 1865. 
 In September, 1869 he was appointed Minister to 
 China, and was in office in 1875. In 1871 he was em- 
 powered to negotiate with Corea. 
 
 Loir, Isaac, — He was a merchant of New York; 
 at first a prominent Whig, and afterwards a loyalist 
 refugee ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 in 1774 and 1775 ; a member of the Committee of 
 Correspondence ; member of the New York Provin- 
 cial Congress in 1775, but was arrested in 1776 on 
 suspicion of holding correspondence with the enemy. 
 In 1783 he was President of the New York Chamber 
 of Commerce. He was attainted of treason, his prop- 
 erty confiscated, and he went to England, where he 
 died in 1791. 
 
 Loire, David I', — He was bom in Oneida 
 County, New York, August 22, 1823 ; graduated at 
 the Cincinnati College in 1851 ; practiced law until 
 1861 ; removed to Kansas ; was a member of the 
 State Senate of Kansas in 1863 and 1864 ; Judge of 
 the Sixth Judicial District Court of Kansas from 
 1867 to 1871 ; and was elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty third Congresses, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Mines and Mining. 
 
 Loire, Enoch L, — He was born in Maryland, 
 and in 1851 wa.s elected Governor of that State, serv- 
 ing in the position until 1854. 
 
 I^oire, Halph P. — He was Governor of Iowa 
 from 1858 to 1860. 
 
 Loir ell, tfohn. — Bom in Newburyport, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1744 ; graduated at Harvard College in 
 1760, and settled in Boston as a lawyer. He was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 
 1783, and was a member of the Convention which 
 framed the Constitution of Massachusetts. He was 
 appointed Judge of the District Court, for the Massa- 
 chusetts District, by Washington, in 1789 ; and in 
 1801 was appointed Chief Justice of the First Circuit. 
 He was a member of the Corporation of Harvard Col- 
 lege for eighteen years, and received the degree of 
 LL. D. from that institution. He was one of the 
 founders of the American Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences, and in 1791 he delivered a eulogy on their 
 late President, James Bowdoin. He wrote an English 
 Poem, No. 3, in the " Pietas," printed at Cambridge. 
 He died May 10, 1802. 
 
 Loirell, fjoliti. — He was born in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 18, 1824 ; graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1843, and at the Law School in 1845 ; ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1846 ; and in 1865 he was ap- 
 pointed United States District Judge for the District 
 of Massachusetts. 
 
 Loirell, tToshua A. — He was born in Thomas- 
 ton, Maine, March 20, 1801 ; his educational advan- 
 tages were limited, but he commenced active life by 
 teaching school ; he adopted the profession of law, 
 having come to the bar in 1826 ; was a member of 
 the Maine Legislature in 1832, 1833, 1835, and 1837 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from Maine from 
 1839 to 1843. He was also a Presidential Elector in 
 1844. Died in Machias, Maine, March 18, 1874. 
 
 T^otrer, Christian. — He was a Reprei5entative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1807. 
 
 Loirntles, Lloi/fl, Jr,, — He was born in 
 Clarksburg, West Virginia, February 21, 1845 ; gra- 
 duated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylva- 
 nia, in 1865 ; attended law lectures at the University 
 of Pennsylvania ; was admitted to practice in 1867 ; 
 
 removed to Cumberland ; was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress from Maryland, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Lowndes, Thomas,— He was bom in Cliarles- 
 ton. South Carolina, in 1765 ; received a thorough 
 education, and was one of the enterprising citizens of 
 his native city. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from South Carolina from 1801 to 1805, and 
 was distinguished for his talents. He died in Char- 
 leston, July 8, 1843. His father, Rawlins Lowndes, 
 was distinguished for his hostility to the Federal Con- 
 stitution. 
 
 Loirndes, William. — Was a native of Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, having been born February 7, 
 1782 ; educated by a private tutor ; served in the 
 State Legislature in 1806 and 1808 ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 
 1822, when, from ill-health, he resigned. In 1818 he 
 was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. 
 He died while on a voyage, with his family, from 
 Philadelphia to London, in the ship Moss, October 27, 
 1822, aged forty-two years. He had a memory of 
 uncommon power, was an eloquent debater, and 
 stood in the first rank of American statesmen. 
 Henry Clay once expressed the opinion thai he was 
 the wisest man he had ever known in Congress. 
 
 Loirrie, Walter, — He was born in 1785, and 
 was a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1819 to 1825. He was afterwards Secretary of the 
 United States Senate from 1825 to 1836 ; was subse- 
 quently appointed Secretary of the Board of Foreign 
 Missions, which position he held for thirty years, and 
 died in New York, January 14, 1863. He was a man 
 of rare ability, and eminent for his devotion to the 
 cause of Foreign Missions. 
 
 Loirrie, If'alter If. — In 1851 he was elected 
 one of the Puisne Judges of Pennsylvania ; and in 
 1857 he was made a Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Loi/all. Georr/e, — Born in Norfork, Virginia, 
 May 29, 1789 ; graduated at William and Mary Col- 
 lege in 1808. In 1815 he visited England, and on his 
 return, in 1817, was elected a member of the House 
 of Delegates of Virginia, and served ten years. In 
 1829 was a member of the Convention to amend the 
 State Convention, and from 1831 to 1837 he was a 
 Representative in Congress. In 1837 he was ap- 
 pointed Navy Agent at Norfolk, and, with the excep- 
 tion of two years, he occupied that position until the 
 breaking out of the Rebellion. 
 
 Llibbeck, F, S, — He was Governor of Texas 
 from 1861 to 1865. 
 
 Lucas, Edward. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed 
 Government Superintendent at Harper's Ferry, where 
 he died March 4, 1858. 
 
 Lucas, .John B. C. — He was born in Normandy, 
 France, in 1762 ; was educated at the University of 
 Caen, where he graduated as Doctor of Civil and Com- 
 mon Law in 1782. He practiced his profession in his 
 native country two years, and then emigrated to the 
 United States, and settled on a farm near Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, where, in connection with agricultural 
 pursuits, he devoted himself to acquiring the English 
 language, and making himself acquainted with the 
 history. Constitution, and laws of his adopted coun- 
 try. He soon gained the confidence of the people, 
 and in 1792 was elected to the Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania, and served as a Judge of the Court of Com- 
 
2iiG 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 moil Pleas for this District. In 1803 he was elected 
 a Representative iu Congress, and re-elected in 1804. 
 In 1805 he was appointed by President Jefferson 
 Judge of the United States Court in Upper Louisiana, 
 when he resigned his seat iu Congress, and removed 
 to St. Louis. He was also Commissioner of Land 
 Titles iu that Territory. He held the office of Judge 
 until 1830, when he retired to private life, on a farm 
 adjoining the city of St. Louis, where he died iu Sep- 
 tember, 1843. 
 
 LfHcan, Robert. — Born at Shepherdstown, Vir- 
 ginia, April 1, 1781. His father, a Captain in the Revo- 
 lutionary Army, was descended from William Penu ; 
 removed to Ohio in 1800. He was Major-General of 
 Militia ; appointed Captain of the Nineteenth United 
 States Infantry, March 14, 1813 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 February 30, 1813 ; resigned June 30, 1813 ; was 
 Brigadier-General of Ohio Militia in defense of the 
 frontier in 1813 ; member of the Ohio Legislature in 
 1814 ; President of the Democratic National Conven- 
 tion, May, 1833 ; was Governor of Ohio from 1833 to 
 1836 ; and first Territorial Governor of Iowa ffom 
 1338 to 1841. He was a prominent Free Mason. Died 
 at Iowa City, February 7, 1853. 
 
 Lucas, Willinni. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term from 1843 to 
 1845. 
 
 Lumpkin, John H. — He was born in Ogle- 
 thorpe County, Georgia, June 13, 1813 ; he was edu- 
 cated at Franklin and Yale Colleges ; served for a 
 time as Secretary in the Executive Department of 
 Georgia ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 iu 1834 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1853 ; 
 in 1838 he was Solicitor-General of the Cherokee Cir- 
 cuit ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Georgia from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. He also held the office, for 
 three years, of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit Court, 
 and that of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. 
 Died in Rome, Georgia, in 1860. 
 
 Lumpkin, Wilson, — Born in Pittsylvania Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, January 14, 1783. He received a com- 
 mon-school education, and while engaged as a copy- 
 ing-clerk, in his father's office, studied law. Soon 
 after attaining the age of twenty-one, he was sent to 
 the State Legislature, and continued in that capacity 
 a number of years. He was twice elected Governor 
 of Georgia. In 1833 he was appointed by President 
 Monroe to mark out the boundary line between Geor- 
 gia and Florida ; and by President Jackson, was ap- 
 pointed a Commissioner under the Cherokee treaty 
 of 1835. He was also a member of the Board of Pub- 
 lic Works. He served in the Federal House of Rep- 
 resentatives from 1815 to 1817, and from 1837 to 1831 ; 
 and was a Senator iu Congress from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Luffi't'll, John K. — Was born in Knox County, 
 Tennessee, June 27, 1831 ; resided in California 
 twenty-two years ; was self-educated ; studied and 
 practiced law ; was elected to the Legislature of Cali- 
 fornia in 1863, 1865, and 1871 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Public Expenditures and Civil Service ; and also re- 
 elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 t 
 
 Ll/le,. Aaron. — He was a soldier in the Revolu- 
 tion, and a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1809 to 1817. Died September 34, 1825. 
 
 Li/mati, Joseph S, — He was born in Hampden, 
 Mas.=achusetts, and was a Re)>resentative in Congress 
 from New York from 1819 to 1831. 
 
 Li/man,, Samuel, — He was a graduate of Yale 
 College in 1770 ; a Representative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1795 to 1800, when he resigned. 
 From 1786 to 1788 he served in the Legislatui-e, and 
 from 1790 to 1793 as State Senator. Died in 1803. 
 
 Lf/mnn, William. — ^A native of Northampton, 
 Massachusetts ; graduate at Yale College in 1776, and 
 was Brigadier-General of Militia, He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1793 to 1797 ; and was ap- 
 pointed Consul to London iu 1805, where he died, Oc- 
 tober, 1811, aged about fifty-eight years. He was 
 also a member of the Legislature in 1787, and a State 
 Senator in 1789. 
 
 Lynch, Charles. — He was Governor of Missis- 
 sippi from 1835 to 1837, and died near Natchez, Febru- 
 ary 10, 1853. His uncle John was the founder of 
 Lynchburg, in Virginia ; and his lather, bearing his 
 own name, was a distinguished officer in the Revolu- 
 tionary war. The term " Lynch Law," was occasioned 
 by his apprehending and punishing without legal 
 ceremony or delay a lawless band of desperadoes and 
 Tories who had infested the country where he liad 
 command. 
 
 Lf/neh, John. — He was born in Portland, Maine, 
 February 15, 1835 ; educated in the public schools of 
 that city ; adopted the business of a merchant ; 
 served two terms in the State Legislature, and was 
 elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Bank- 
 ing and Currency, and the Bankrupt Law. Re-elected 
 to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on 
 the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, and 
 Chairman of Navy Department and Banking and Cur- 
 rency Committees. 
 
 Li/nch, John K. — He was born in Concordia 
 Parish, Louisiana, September 10, 1847 ; was a slave, 
 and remained in siavei'y until emancipated by the Re- 
 bellion ; a purchaser of his mother carried her with 
 her children to Natchez, where he attended evening 
 school for a few months, and by private study he ac- 
 quired a good English education ; engaged in the 
 business of Photography at Natchez until 1869, when 
 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace ; he was 
 elected to the State Legislature from Adams County 
 in 1870, and re-elected in 1871, serving the last tei-m 
 as Speaker of the House ; and was elected to the For- 
 ty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Mines and Mining, and Interior Department. Also 
 re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Lunch, Thomas. — He was a Delegate from 
 South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 
 to 1770, and was succeeded by his son, bearing the 
 same name, who signed the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence. He had also been a Delegate to the Colonial 
 Congress in 1765. 
 
 Lynch, Thotnrts, Jr. — He was born on the 
 North Santee River, Parish of Prince George, South 
 Carolina, August 5, 1749 ; was educated at Eton, 
 England, and entered at Cambridge and finished 
 his legal studies in the Temple ; he returned home 
 determined to strike for liberty ; in 1775 he was com- 
 missioned a Captain in the Militia service ; in 1770 he 
 was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress to 
 succeed his father in tliat capacity, and he was a 
 signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1779 
 he sailed for Europe for the benefit of his health, and 
 the vessel in which he embarked was never seen after 
 her departure from port. 
 
 Lynde, If'illiam L'ift. — Born in Sherburne, 
 Chenango County, New York, December 16, 1817 ; 
 I graduated at Yale College in 1838 ; emigrated to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 207 
 
 Wisconsin in 1841, and settled at Milwaukee in 1841 ; 
 in 1844 was Attorney-General of the Territory ; in 
 1845 was appointed United States District-Attorney of 
 Wisconsin, and held the position until the admission 
 of the State ; in 1S4S was elected a Representative to 
 Congress ; in 1860 was elected Mayor of Milwaulcee ; 
 was a member of the Assembly in 1866, and elected a 
 State Senator in 1868. In 1874 was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Forty -fourth Congress. 
 
 Li/ndoii,, Joniuh. — Born in Ne^vport, Rhode 
 Island, March 10, 1731 ; was Governor of the State 
 in 1768. Died at Warren, March 30, 1778. 
 
 Li/on, Asa. — Was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, 
 December 31, 1763 ; a graduate of Dartmouth College 
 in 1791, and shortly after his graduation removed to 
 South Hero, Vermont. He was appointed Chief 
 Judge of Grand Isle County, in 180.5, serving as sucli 
 for nine years. He was elected a Repi'esentative 
 from South Hero in 1800, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, and 
 1808, and from Grand Isle in 1810, 1811, 1813, 1813, 
 and 1814. He was a member of the Executive Coun- 
 cil in 1808 ; and was elected a member of Congress 
 from 1815 to 1817. He was a member of the Corpora- 
 tion of the University of Vermont from 1814 to 1831 
 inclusive. He is said to have been a second cousin of 
 Robert Burns, the Scotch poet. He was for many 
 years, and until his death, an able preacher of the 
 Gospel. Although never regularly installed, he pre- 
 ferred the Calvinistic form of worship. He was dis- 
 tinguished for his ripe scholarship and eloquence. 
 By rigid economy and prudence he amassed wealth, 
 and died at South Hero, April 4, 1841. His published 
 sermons and patriotic addresses indicate a high order 
 of talent, and an intimate acquaintance with modern 
 and classic literatiu-e. 
 
 Lj/oti, Caleb, of Lyondale. — His grandfather, 
 who bore the same name, was a Lieutenant of the 
 Massachusetts Militia, and was woauded at Bunker 
 Hill ; and his father, also named Caleb, was a mem- 
 ber of the New York Legislature, and a friend of De 
 Witt Clinton. He was born at Lyondale, New York, 
 December 7, 1833 ; graduated at the Norwich Uni- 
 versity of Vermont in 1841 ; traveled extensively in 
 Europe ; was appointed by President Polk Consul 
 at Shanghai, China ; on his return he visited Mexico, 
 Brazil, Chili, Peru, the Sandwich Islands, and Cali- 
 fornia, and was Secretary of the Convention called in 
 1849 to form a Constitution, and designed the coat of 
 arms for the Golden State. He made a second visit 
 to Europe, and extended his travels to Egypt and 
 the Holy Land. From his native State he was 
 elected to the Assembly, but on the question of en- 
 larging the Erie Canal, which he favored, he re- 
 signed, and was, during the same year, elected to the 
 State Senate ; and was subsequently elected a Repre- 
 sentative in the Thirty-third Congress from New 
 York. While in Europe he was identified with the 
 Koszta aiiair as the friend of Captais Duncan N. 
 Ingraham. The title of LL.D. was conferred upon 
 him by the Norwich University of Vermont. In 
 February, 1864, he was appointed by President Lin- 
 coln Governor of Idaho ; and, on his return to Wash- 
 ington in December, 1866, he was robbed on the rail- 
 way from New York of $47,000. Died on Staten 
 Island, September 8, 1875. 
 
 Li/OH, Chittenden. — He was born in Vermont, 
 in 1786 ; removed to Kentucky in his fifteenth year ; 
 served in both Houses of the State Legislature ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Kentuckv 
 from 1837 to 1835, and died in Caldwell County, Ken- 
 tucky, in November, 1843. He was the son of Mathew 
 Lyon. 
 
 Li/on, Francis S. — He was bom in North Caro- 
 
 lina, and, having Settled in Alabama, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Li/ou. Lucius. — He was bom in Vermont, but 
 emigrated to Michigan when quite a young man ; de- 
 voted himself for a number of years to the business 
 of surveying the wild lands of the Territory ; was 
 a Delegate to Congress from that Territory during 
 the years 1833, 1834, and 1835 ; and a Senator in 
 Congress from the State of Michigan from 1836 to 
 1840 ; and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 
 1845. His last public position was that of Surveyor- 
 General in the Northwest. Died at Detroit, Septem- 
 ber 25, 1851. 
 
 Li/on, Mafheir. — He was born in Wicklow 
 County, Ireland, in 1746, and, having emigrated to 
 this country when thirteen years of age, participated 
 to some extent in the Revolutionary struggle, having, 
 in 1777, been appointed temporary Paymaster of the 
 Northern Army, and in 1778 Deputy Secretary of the 
 Governor of Vermont, and at the same time Clerk of 
 the Court of Confiscation. He settled in Vermont after 
 the War, and was elected a member of the State Leg- 
 islature in 1779 and the four following years. In 
 1783 he founded the town of Fairhaven, where he 
 built saw-mills, grist-mills, established a forge or 
 iron foundary, manufactured paper from basswood, 
 and established a newspaper called The Ffirmer's Li- 
 brary. He served that town In the Legislature ten 
 years. In 1786 he was Assistant Judge of Rutland 
 County. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Vermont from 1797 to 1801, and it was during his 
 first term that he had a personal difficulty, on the 
 floor of Congress, with Roger Griswold, of Connecti- 
 cut, when an unsuccessful effort was made to have 
 him expelled. The fact of his giving the vote that 
 made Jefferson President created a great sensation at 
 the time. At the end of his second term as a Repre- 
 sentative from Vermont, he removed to Kentucky ; 
 he established the first printing-press in that State, 
 transporting the type on horseback across the moun- 
 tains ; served two years in the Legislature of that 
 State, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1803 to 1811. After his final retire- 
 ment from Congress, and on November 13, 1811, the 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives presented a 
 petition from him, setting forth that he had, many 
 years before, been prosecuted and convicted under 
 the sedition law (see " State Trials of the United 
 States"); that he had suffered imprisonment, and 
 been made to pay the sum of one thousand and sixty 
 dollars and ninety cents, and that he wished to have 
 the money refunded to him. On July 4, 1840, a law 
 was passed, paying to his heirs the specified sum, 
 with interest, from February, 1790. It was while in 
 prison at Vergennes, that he was elected to Congress 
 from Vermont, and at the close of his services in Con- 
 gress, from Kentucky, he was employed to build gun- 
 boats for the war, but became bankrupt from the 
 speculation. In 1830 he was appointed a Factor 
 among the Cherokee Indians in Arkansas ; when that 
 Territory was organized he was elected the first Dele- 
 gate to Congress, but did not live to take his seat, 
 having died at Spadre Bluff, Arkansas, August 1, 
 1832. A sketch of his life was printed in 1858 by 
 Pliny H. White of Vermont. 
 
 Tyi/ons, TI. A. — He was an early emigrant to 
 California, and in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for that Territory, he and 
 the two Associate Justices each receiving a salary of 
 ten thousand dollars. 
 
 Lytic, Robert T. — He was distinguished as a 
 public speaker, and was a member of Congress from 
 Ohio from 1833 to 1835. He died in New Orleans, 
 December 31, 1839. 
 15 
 
2G3 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 MncDonald, Moses. — Born Tn Limerick, York 
 County, Maine, April 8, 1815 ; practiced law from 
 1837 to 1845 ; and was a member of the Maine Legis- 
 lature in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 he was Speaker of 
 the House. In 1847, 1848. and 1849 served as Treas- 
 urer of the State ; represented the First Congressional 
 District in the Thirty -second and Thirty-third Con- 
 gresses, and in April, 1857, was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Buchanan Collector for the District of Portland 
 and Falmouth. Died in Saco, Maine, October 18, 
 1869. 
 
 MacDougaU, C/infon D. — He was born in 
 Scotland, June 14, 1839 ; came to America in 1843 ; 
 received an academic education, and studied law ; 
 was engaged in banking business from 1856 to 1869 ; 
 raised a company of Volunteers in 1861 ; went to 
 Florida ^vith his regiment ; made Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in 1863, and Colonel in 1863 ; commanded at Centre- 
 ville, Virginia, in 1863 ; joined the Army of the Po- 
 tomac, and commanded a Brigade at Gettysburg, un- 
 til the close of the war ; was brevetted Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral in 1864 ; returned home after the war to pursue 
 business ; was appointed Postmaster of the city of 
 Auburn in 1869 ; and elected to the Forty-third and 
 Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Military Affairs. 
 
 Mace, Daniel. — He was born in Pickaway 
 Coimty, Ohio, September 5, 1811 ; received a limited 
 education, and worked on a farm until he became of 
 age ; and having read law in Indiana, entered upon 
 the practice of the profession to which he was 
 long devoted. He was a member of the Indiana Leg- 
 islature in 1836 ; Clerk of the House of Representa- 
 tives in 1837 ; served as United States Attorney for 
 Indiana during President Polk's administration ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851 
 to 1855 as a Democrat, and from 1855 to 1857 as an 
 Independent Candidate, serving on the Committees on 
 the District of Columbia and as Chairman of the 
 Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. On re- 
 tiring from his profession he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln Postmaster of Lafayette, Indiana. He 
 died by suicide at Lafayette, Indiana, July 26, 1867. 
 
 Maehen, Willis B. — He was bom in Caldwell 
 County, Kentucky, April 10, 1810 ; received an ordi- 
 nary education ; was a farmer ; a member of the Ken- 
 tucky Constitutional Convention of 1849 ; a Senator in 
 the State Legislature in 1854 ; and a member of the 
 Lower House in 1856 and 1860 ; was a member of 
 the Confederate Congress for three years ; and was 
 appointed a Senator in Congress from Kentucky for 
 the unexpired term of Garrett Davis, and served un- 
 til 1873. He served on the Committee on Claims. 
 
 Machir, Janies, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1799. Died June 
 25, 1837. 
 
 Maekeif, Edmiind W. M, — Born in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina ; received a good school educa- 
 tion, but was prevented by the Civil War from enter- 
 ing College, for which he was preparing ; studied 
 law and was admitted to practice in the Supreme 
 Court of the State in 1868 ; was appointed Assistant 
 Assessor of Internal Revenue in 1865 ; took a prom- 
 inent part in organizing the Republican party in the 
 State, and in carrying out the Reconstruction Acts ; 
 was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention 
 of 1867 ; was Sheriff of Charleston County for four 
 years ; in 1868 was elected Alderman of the city, and 
 re-elected in 1873 ; was a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia Convention of 1872 ; in 1873 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the State House of Representatives ; was editor 
 and proprietor of the Charleston Republican in 1871 
 
 and 1872 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 MaclkCji, L. A. — Born in White Deer Township, 
 Union County, Pennsylvania, November, 1819 ; re- 
 ceived a good academical education ; graduated at 
 Union College, New York ; studied law at Dickinson 
 College, and went to the bar in 1840 ; removed to 
 Lock Haven and practiced his profession there ; in 
 1853 he was a member of the Whig Convention held 
 in Baltimore ; in 1870 he was elected Mayor at Lock 
 Haven ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention 
 of 1873 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 He has taken special interest in the railroads and the 
 normal schools of his District, 
 
 Maclanahan, James X. — He was born in 
 Antrim, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ; 
 graduated at Dickinson College in 1826 ; he studied 
 law and settled in Chambersljurg ; in 1841 he was 
 elected to the State Senate ; and In 1849 he was 
 elected to Congress ; re-elected in 1851 ; and was 
 Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died 
 about the year 1864. 
 
 Maelai/, Sa)nuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1797, and 
 a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1808, when he re- 
 signed. 
 
 Maclai/, 11'illiam. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791, and died 
 in April, 1804. In 1797 he was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor, and was one of those who voted for locating the 
 Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 
 3Iaclai/, William. — He was a native of Penn- 
 sylvania ; held the offices of County Commissioner 
 and Associate Judge ; was a member of the Assem- 
 bly ; and a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1817 to 
 1819. Died January 4, 1835, aged fifty-nine years. 
 
 JUaclai/, jniliam B. — Born in New York city 
 in 1815 ; graduated at the University of New York, 
 where he subsequently officiated for a time as Pro- 
 fessor of Latin ; he was also a Trustee, as well as 
 Secretary of the University ; he adopted the profes- 
 sion of the law ; and in 1836 he was associate editor 
 of the iVf«i Yoi'k Quarterly Mugazine. He was 
 also an active member of the Legislature of New 
 York for several years, and was elected a Rejiresent- 
 ative in Congress from that State in 1843 ; was re- 
 elected in 1845, 1847, and also in 1857, serving gen- 
 erally on important Committees. He was re-elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Maelay, William, P. — He was born in North- 
 umberland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1816 to 
 1831, having first entered Congress for the unexpired 
 term of Thomas Burnside. 
 
 Maeott, Nathaniel, — He was bom in Warren 
 County, North Carolina, in 1757. His early youth 
 was marked by diligence in the acquisition of knowl- 
 edge, and he was sent to Princeton College to com- 
 plete his education ; but the troubles of the Revolu- 
 tion closed the halls of that institution, and he re- 
 turned home and volunteered as a private in a com- 
 pany commanded by his brother, having refused a 
 higher position. While in the army he was elected 
 a member of the General Assembly, in which he 
 served for several vears. In 1791 he was elected a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 269 
 
 Representative in Congress-, and continued a member 
 of that body until transferred to the United States 
 Senate in 1815, where he served until 1828. From 
 1801 to 1805 he was Speaker of the House, and from 
 1835 to 1828 he was President pro tern, of the Senate. 
 He was for thirty -seven years a member of the House 
 or Senate, and was called the Father of the House, 
 having served a longer time in that body than any 
 other man. In 1828 his native State, in honor of his 
 services, named a county for liim. He afterwards re- 
 turned to the General Assembly, and in 1835 was 
 President of the " Constitutional Convention " of the 
 State. He was also Presidential Elector in 1836. 
 Died suddenly at his residence, June 29, 1837. 
 
 Macreaffh, IVayn e. — He was a citizen of Penn- 
 sylvania, and from 1870 to 1871 he was Minister Res- 
 ident to Turkey. 
 
 Macji, John H, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Wisconsin from 1853 to 1855. He re- 
 sided at Fond du Lac, and was lost by the burning 
 of the steamboat Niagara on Lake Michigan. 
 
 Madison, George. — Born in Virginia in 1763 ; 
 removed to Kentucky at an early age, and when 
 seventeen served as a soldier on our western frontier, 
 and engaged in several battles vnth. the Indians. He 
 commanded a Company, and was wounded under St. 
 Clair ; was lieutenant in the Kentucky Mounted 
 Volunteers under Major Adair ; wounded near Fort 
 St. Clair, November 6, 1792 ; Major in that regiment, 
 and was in the Battle at Frenchtown, January 18, 
 1813 ; and under Wilkinson at the River Raisin, 
 where he was taken prisoner. He was Auditor of 
 the Public Accounts for twenty years, and chosen 
 Governor of Kentucky for four years in 1816 ; but a 
 few weeks after his election died at Paris, Kentucky, 
 October 14, 1816. 
 
 nfadison, tFrnnes. — He was bom on the Rappa- 
 liannock River, in Virginia, March 16, 1751 ; and after 
 due preparation he entered Princeton College in 1769, 
 and graduated in 1771, going through the junior and 
 senior studies in one year. He remained at the col- 
 lege until 1773, for the purpose of studying Hebrew. 
 In 1776 he was sent to the General Assembly, and in 
 
 1778 was a member of the Executive Council ; from 
 
 1779 to 1785 he was a member of the Continental Con- 
 gress, and was chosen a second time in 1786 ; he was 
 a member of the "Convention at Philadelphia" 
 which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed 
 that instrument, and he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia under the Constitution, from 
 1789 to 1797 ; and was one of those who voted for lo- 
 cating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. In 
 1798 he went again into the Assembly, and in 1800 
 was an Elector for President. In 1801 he was Secre- 
 tary of State of the United States, which office he 
 held until 1809, when he was elected President of the 
 United States, and served two entire tei-ms. After 
 leaving the Executive Chair, he retired to private life 
 on his estate, known as Moutpelier. He was subse- 
 quently a Visitor and Rector of the University of Vir- 
 ginia ; and in 1829 a member of the "State Conven- 
 tion," which was the last public position he held. He 
 was one of the contributors to the Federalist, and his 
 collected State papers and miscellaneous writings have 
 been published in several volumes ; his " Report of 
 the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 " hav- 
 ing been accepted as a political text-book of great 
 value. He died at Montpelier, Orange County, Vir- 
 ginia, June 38, 1836, and a work on his Life and 
 Times was published by William C. Rives in 1861. 
 
 Magee, John. — He was bom in New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 
 from 1827 to 1831. Died at Watkins, New York, 
 April 5, 1868. 
 
 Magee, John A. — He was bom in Perry County, 
 Pennsylvania, October 14, 1827 ; worked in the City 
 of Washington as a journeyman ; has been for twenty 
 years the editor and proprietor of the Perry County 
 Dimocrnt ; was a member of the Legislature in 1863 ; 
 a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention at 
 New York in 1868, and elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Magill, Charles. — He was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Adams on the last day of his term, in 1801, 
 United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit. 
 
 3I(iginnis, Martin, — Born in Wayne County, 
 New York, October 27, 1840 ; removed with his par- 
 ents to Minnesota ; was a student of Hamline Univer- 
 sity, but left to take charge of a newspaper ; enlisted 
 as a private in the Volunteer Infantry in 1801 ; was 
 made Second Lieutenant after the first battle of Bull 
 Run ; promoted to Captain in 1863 ; served in nearly 
 all the battles of the Army of the Potomac until 1864, 
 when he was appointed Major of the Eleventh Minne- 
 sota Volunteers, and ordered to join the Army of the 
 Cumberland, where he served until mustered out in 
 1805 ; removed to Montana the next year ; engaged in 
 mining, and in publishing and editing the Helena 
 Deiily Gazette ; and was elected to the Forty -third 
 Congress. 
 
 Magoffln, Eeriah. — He was Governor of Ken- 
 tucky from 1859 to 1861. 
 
 Magoon, Henry S. — Born in the town of Mon- 
 ticello, Lafayette County, Wisconsin, January 31, 
 1833 ; entered the Rock River Seminary at Mount 
 Morris, Illinois, in 1848, and there remained most of 
 the time, until June, 1851, devoted to classical and 
 other studies ; in 1851 he entered the Western Military 
 College at Drennon, Kentucky, where he graduated 
 in 1853 ; attended the Montrose Law School at Frank- 
 fort, Kentucky ; in 1855 appointed Professor of An- 
 cient Languages in Nashville University, Tennessee, 
 where he remained till 1857, when, resigning, he re- 
 turned to Wisconsin and began the practice of law ; 
 elected District Attorney in 1858 ; was a member of 
 the State Senate in 1871 and 1872 ; is the first native 
 of Wisconsin elected to the State Senate or to Con- 
 gress ; was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress from 
 the Third District of Wisconsin, November, 1874. 
 
 Magrath, A. O. — He was Governor of South 
 Carolina in 1864 and 1865. 
 
 Magruder, Allan B. — A native of Kentucky, 
 and a lawyer by profession. He removed to Louis- 
 iana, and in 1805 published " Reflections on the Ces- 
 sion of Louisiana to the United States ; " and was a 
 Senator in Congress from that State from 1812 to 1813. 
 He had collected materials for a general history of the 
 Indians. He died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in April, 
 1833. 
 
 Magruder, Patricli. — He was born in Mont- 
 gomery County, Maryland, in 1768 ; educated at 
 Princeton College ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Maryland 
 from 1805 to 1807 ; and was Clerk of the United 
 States House of Representatives from 1807 to 1815, 
 performing at the same time the duties of Librarian 
 of Congress. He died in Petersburg, Virginia, in 
 1819 or 1830. 
 
 Magruder, Hichard B. — He was a native of 
 Maryland ; studied law, and became a leading mem- 
 ber of the bar of Baltimore ; was for many years a 
 
270 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALl 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of Maryland ; 
 and died in Baltimore, February 11, 1844. 
 
 3Ifihon, David W. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; was appointed a clerk in the office of the First 
 Auditor in 1843 ; promoted to the position of Chief 
 Clerk in 1853, and in 1871 he was appointed First Au- 
 ditor of the Treasury, and is in office at the present 
 time. 
 
 Maish, T^evi. — Bom in York County, Pennsylva- 
 nia, November 23, 1837 ; received a good academical 
 education ; took an interest in machinery, and de- 
 voted much attention to business of that nature ; he 
 participated in the war for the Union, and as Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel, and at the Battle of Antietam, received a 
 bullet in the right lung, which the surgeons were un- 
 able to extract ; as a Colonel he commanded at Chan- 
 celloi-sville, and was wounded in the right hip, and 
 soon afterwards left the military service ; he studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1864 ; was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1867 ; in 1873 he was appointed 
 by the Legislature to examine certain county ac- 
 counts, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Malhone, Francis. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Rhode Island in 1809, having previously 
 been a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1793 to 1797. He died June 4, 1809. 
 
 Mallarji.IioUin C. — He was born in New Hav- 
 en, Connecticut, in 1784 ; graduated at Middlebury 
 College in 1805, and died in Baltimore, April 16, 1831. 
 He represented the State of Vermont in Congress from 
 1820 to 1831, and took an active part in all matters 
 appertaining to Commerce, as Chairman of an import- 
 ant Committee. He was held in the highest estima- 
 tion both for his public acts and private virtues. 
 
 3Iallorfi, Francis. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died 
 at Norfolk, March 36, 1860. 
 
 Mallorfl, Meredith. — Born in Connecticut, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Maffori/, lioberf. — He was born in Madison 
 County, Virginia, November 15, 1813 ; graduated at 
 the University of Virginia in 1837 ; removed to Ken- 
 tucky in 1839, where he has devoted the most of his 
 life to agricultural pursuits ; and he was elected a 
 Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Boads and Canals ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Roads and Canals ; and also elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways 
 and Means. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia "National Convention" of 1866. In 1873 he 
 was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial Ex- 
 hibition, and was one of the Vice-Presidents. 
 
 Mall or ti, li II fits.— He was born in CTienanago 
 County, New York, June 10, 1831 ; in 1855 he re- 
 moved to Iowa, where he resided three years ; in 1858 
 he settled in Oregon, and having studied law, came to 
 the bar in 1861 ; was soon afterwards elected Prose- 
 cuting Attorney for the First Judicial District ; in 
 1863 he was elected to the State Legislature ; after 
 serving one session, he was appointed Prosecuting At- 
 torney for the Third Judicial District, which office ho 
 held until 1866 ; and in that year he was elected a 
 Representative from Oregon to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and 
 the Pacific Railway. 
 
 Mallory, Stephen R. — He was born in Nassau 
 about 1810 ; removed to Key West, Florida, when 
 young ; studied law and came to the bar in that 
 State ; was a Delegate to the " Nashville Conven- 
 tion " of 1850 ; and he was at one time a correspond- 
 ent for the New York Herald. He was a Senator in 
 Congress from Florida, having been elected in 1851, 
 serving continuously, by re-election, until 1861. He 
 was Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, 
 and a member of the Committee on Claims. He was 
 expelled March 11, 1861, end took part in the Rebel- 
 lion as Secretary of the Rebel Navy. After the Re- 
 bellion he was arrested as a Prisoner of State, and 
 released on his parole in March, 1866, and in 1867 he 
 was pardoned by President Johnson. 
 
 Manf/inn, If'illic P. — Born in Orange County, 
 North Carolina, in 1793, and graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of that State in 1815. He studied law, rose 
 to eminence in his profession, entered into politics, 
 and was elected to the House of Commons in 1818. 
 In 1819 he was elected a Judge of the Superior 
 Court ; and from 1833 to 1836 served as a Represent- 
 ative in Congress. He was also a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1829. He was elected a United States Senator 
 in 1831, re-elected in 1841, for a third term of six 
 years in 1847, serving from 1843 to 1845 as Presi- 
 dent pro tern, of that body. In 1837 he received 
 eleven electoral votes for President of the LTnited 
 States, and during the administration of President 
 Tyler was President of the United States Senate. He 
 subsequently lived in retirement at his home in North 
 Carolina. Died September 14, 1861. 
 
 3Ia}il//, Charles. — He was born in Chatham 
 County, North Carolina ; graduated at the State Uni- 
 versity in 1814 ; studied law ; was Treasurer of the 
 University ; for a long time Reading Clerk of the 
 State House of Representatives ; and was Governor 
 of North Carolina from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Mann, Abijah, Jr. — Born at Fairfield, Her- 
 kimer County, New York, September 24, 1793 ; he 
 received a good common-school education, and be- 
 came a teacher in the district school in Oneida Coun- 
 ty ; he was afterwards a merchant. Postmaster, and 
 Justice of the Peace ; and elected to the Legislature 
 in 1837, serving by re-elections until 1830. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837, during 
 which time he served on several Committees, once as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Rules and Orders of 
 the House. In 1837, on returning to his native coun- 
 ty, he was again re-elected to the Legislature. He 
 afterwards removed to New York City, and declined 
 all official employments. Died at Auburn, New 
 York, September 6, 1868. 
 
 Mann, A. Diidlei/. — Born in Virginia,'in 1805 ; 
 was appointed Special Minister to negotiate commer- 
 cial treaties with Hanover, Oldenburg, and Mecklen- 
 burg, in 1845; was accredited to all the German States 
 excepting Prussia for the same object in 1847 ; was 
 Commissioner to Hungary in 1849 ; Minister to Switz- 
 erland in 1850, and negotiated a reciprocal treaty ; 
 was Secretary to General Pierce in 1853, and resigned 
 the same year ; he was also Assistant Secretary of 
 State. Having devoted hiinself to the material inter- 
 ests of the Southern States, he was sent by the Con- 
 federate Government upon a special mission, and was 
 afterwards joined with Slidell and Mason to represent 
 it abroad. 
 
 Mann, Horace. — Born in Franklin, Norfolk 
 County, Massachusetts. May 4, 1796. He was, to 
 some degree, self-educated, but graduated at Brown 
 University in 1819, where he subsequently held the 
 position of Tutor of Latin and Greek : he studied law 
 at Litchfield, Connecticut, and while counselor-at- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 271 
 
 law in Dedham, Massachusetts, where he settled in 
 183G, was elected to the State Legislature ; lie re- 
 moved to Boston in 1834, where he was elected to the 
 State Senate, chosen President of that body, and also 
 President of the Massachusetts Board of Education, 
 which he was foremost in founding ; he also rendered 
 important services in behalf of the Normal Schools of 
 Massachusetts, and was elected a member of Congress 
 from 1848 to 1853. After that time he continued to 
 he devoted to matters connected with education, hav- 
 ing been appointed President of Antioch College and 
 the North-Western Christian University at Indianap- 
 olis. He wrote much and well, and is remembered 
 as a benefactor to his race ; died at Yellow Springs, 
 Ohio, August 3, 1859 ; in 1865 his life was published 
 by his widow. 
 
 Hlfinn, tTob, — Born in Bethel Township, Bedford 
 County, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1795 ; received a 
 common-school education; in 1816 was appointed Clerk 
 to a Board of County Commissioners ; two years after- 
 wards he was appointed Register, Recorder, and Clerk 
 for the courts of Bedford County, all of which posi- 
 tions he continued to hold until 1835, when he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress, where he served 
 one term. In 1839 he was admitted to the bar ; in 
 1843 was appointed State Treasurer, which office he 
 held for three terms ; and in 1847 was again elected 
 to Congress, where he served until 1851, declining a 
 re-election. 
 
 3I(inn, tToel K. — He was bom in Pennsylvania 
 in 1780, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1831 to 1835. He died in Montgomery 
 County, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1857. 
 
 Manniiifj, •Tames. — He was a native of New 
 Jersey ; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1763. He was 
 one of the founders of Brown University; when that 
 institution was removed to Providence he became 
 first President ; he was pastor of the Baptist Church 
 in that town, and continued in the charge of these 
 two office till his death, excepting an interval of sis 
 months, in 1785 and 1786, during which he was a Del- 
 egate to the Continental Congress. He died in 1791, 
 aged fift}'-two years. 
 
 MannintJ, 'Johtt, Jr. — He was born in Edenton, 
 North Carolina, .July 3, 1830 ; received his education 
 at the University of North Carolina ; removed to 
 Pittsborough, North Carolina, in 1851, and began the 
 study of law, was licensed to practice in 1853 ; was a 
 member of the convention of 1861 ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-first Congress, serving on one or two 
 committees. 
 
 3Innning, John L. — He was born in South 
 Carolina and was Governor of that State from 1853 to 
 1854. 
 
 Manninfj, MichariJ, Jr. — He was born in 
 Sumter District, South Carolina, May 1, 1789 ; gradu- 
 ated at the State College at Columbia in 1811 ; com- 
 manded a volunteer company in the war of 1813 ; was 
 frequently in the upper and lower House of the State 
 Legislature ; was Governor of South Carolina for two 
 years from 1824 ; a Representative in Congress from 
 1834 to 1836 ; and died May 1, 1836, at Philadelphia, 
 before the expiration of his term, very suddenly, 
 ■while seated at the table ^^'itll his family. He was 
 greatly respected for his talents and virtues. 
 
 Manson, Mnhfon D. — He was bom in Piqua, 
 Ohio, February 30, 1830 ; received a common-school 
 education ; engaged in agricultural and mechanical 
 pursuits and, was a druggist ; was a member of the 
 Legislature of Indiana in 1851 ; Captain of Volunteers 
 during the Mexican War ; enlisted as private during 
 
 the Rebellion, and became Colonel of the Tenth Indi- 
 ana Infantry, which he commanded at the battle of 
 Rich Mountain in 1861 ; commanded the Second Bri- 
 gade, First Division, Army of the Ohio, at the battle of 
 Jlill Springs, Kentucky, in 1863 ; was appointed Brig 
 adier-General of Volunteers in 1863 ; was engaged in 
 front of Corinth, Mississippi ; commanded the United 
 States forces at the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, in 
 1863 ; was wounded and taken prisoner and exchanged 
 in 1863 ; commanded a skirmish with Pegram in 
 March, 1868, and during the Morgan raid in Indiana 
 and Ohio in 1863 ; was with Burnside in East Tennes- 
 see ; assigned in September, 1863, to the command of 
 the Twenty-third Army Corps ; was in the siege of 
 Knoxville, Tennessee, and various battles in that 
 State ; was severely wounded at the battle of Resaca, 
 and was forced to resign by reason of disabilities re- 
 sulting from wounds contracted in the service ; and 
 was elected to the Forty-second Congress from Indiana, 
 serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 3ranijpennt/, George W. — He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1853 he was appointed from 
 Ohio, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, retaining the 
 office until 1857. 
 
 3I(trah1e, John IF. — He was horn in Brunswick 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Marchand, Albert G, — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843, 
 and died at his residence in Greensburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, February 5, 1848. 
 
 Ufarchfinff, Dai'itJ. — He was horn in West- 
 moreland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 
 1831. 
 
 Mnrchnnt, TTenri/. — Bom at Martha's Vine- 
 yard, Massachusetts, April, 1741; graduated at Phila- 
 delphia College, 1763; studied law under Judge Trow- 
 bridge of Cambridge, Massachusetts ; practiced in 
 Newport, Rhode Island ; was Attorney-General of 
 that State from 1770 to 1777 ; and member of the As- 
 sembly ; took an active part in the Revolution ; was 
 Chairman of the Committee to prepare instructions to 
 the Delegates in Congress ; was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1777 to 1780 and in 1783 
 and 1784. and an efficient member of various impor- 
 tant committees ; a member of tlic Convention to 
 adopt the Federal Constitution ; and from 1790 to his 
 death, Judge of the United States District Court ; re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1793. 
 Died at Newport, August 30, 1796. 
 
 Marchhanlea, Andrew J, — He was a native of 
 Tennessee ; was Chancellor of the State and a Circuit 
 Judge for twenty-five years, and died in McMinnville, 
 Tennessee, January 3, 1867. 
 
 Marcij, Daniel, — Born in New Hampshire, No- 
 vember 7, 1809 ; became a sailor when twelve years 
 of age, and at twenty was master of a ship ; in 1853 
 and 1854 he was a member of the New Hampshire 
 Legislature ; in 1856 and 1857, of the State Senate ; 
 was subsequently engaged in the mercantile and ship- 
 building business ; and was elected a Representative 
 from New Hampshire to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 I serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions 
 and on Expenditures in the Navy Department. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 I Marci/, liandolph Ji. — He was bora in Massa- 
 chusetts, in the year 1811 ; graduated at West Point 
 i in 1833 ; entered" the Fifth Infantry and became First 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Lieutenant in 1837; Captain in 1846 ; and was engaged 
 in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, in 
 Mexico ; he explored the Red River countrj' ; served 
 in the Utah Expedition in 1857 and 1858, also in the 
 Seminole War ; commanded a detachment sent to 
 New Mexico to procure supplies in 1857, and returned 
 in 1858 after great suffering ; became Paymaster with 
 rank of Major in 1859 ; Inspector General with ranli 
 of Colonel in 1861 ; and was attached as chief of staff 
 to the Army of the Potomac under General McClellan, 
 his sou-in-Iaw ; and became Brigadier-General of 
 Volunteers, the same year. He was also on General 
 McClellan's Staff during the campaigns in Western 
 Virginia, the Peninsula, and in Maryland. He pub- 
 lished " Explorations to the Red River in 1853 ; " 
 "Prairie Traveler;" and " Personal Recollections." 
 
 Marcfi, Williatn Lamed, — He was born in 
 
 Sturbridge, Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 
 1786, and died in Ballston Spa, New York, July 4, 
 1857 ; he graduated at Brown University in 1808 ; 
 taught school for a while in Newport, Rhode Island ; 
 studied law, and commenced practice in Troy, New 
 York ; he was appointed Recorderof that city in 1816; 
 made Comptroller in 1833, and removed to Albany ; 
 in 1829 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of the State ; he was elected to the United States 
 Senate in 1831, but resigned in 1883, having served 
 as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee ; elected 
 Governor of New York in 1833, and re-elected in 1834 
 and 1836 ; he was Secretary of War under President 
 Polk from 1845 to 1849, and Secretary of State under 
 President Pierce from 1853 to 1857 ; he was a hard- 
 working, careful, plain man, and a good scholar. As 
 a statesman and diplomatist he had a reputation of 
 displaying both judgment and skill ; but his crowning 
 virtue was his incorruptible integrity. 
 
 Marilis, Sfiimiel W. — Bom in Alabama in 1801, 
 and died at Talladega, in that State, November 14, 
 1837 ; he was a Representative in Congress from Ala- 
 bama from 1831 to 1835, and was much respected for 
 his manly virtues. 
 
 Marion, liohert. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1805 to 1810. 
 
 Marlibreif, Leopold, — He was a citizen of Ohio, 
 and from 1869 to 1873 he was Minister Resident to 
 Bolivia. 
 
 31arlielf, JTenfi/. — He was bom in Montgomery 
 County, New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Markell, Jacob. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 MarMey, PhiUp S, — He was born in Montgom- 
 ery County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1827, and 
 ■was in the latter year appointed Naval Officer for the 
 Port of Philadelphia. 
 
 3IarLs, William, — Was a Senator in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1831, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. 
 
 Marling, •John L, — He was a citizen of Ten- 
 nessee, and appointed Minister Resident to Guatemala 
 in 1854, remained there until 1856 ; and on October 3, 
 resigned the position and died on the 10th of the same 
 month. 
 
 ^larqnrffe, T, 31, — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Nebraska to the Thirty-ninth Congress. 
 
 but did not take his seat until the last day of the last 
 session of said Congress. 
 
 Marr, Aleni. — He graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1807 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1831. 
 
 3Iarr, George JF, L, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 3Iarron, John, — He was born in Ireland, and 
 from the State of Georgia was appointed a Clerk in 
 the General Post Office ; became Chief Clerk and was 
 subsequently appointed Third Assistant Postmaster- 
 General. 
 
 3Iarroiv, John, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1805 to 1809. 
 
 3Iarfth, Charles, — Born at Lebanon, Connecti- 
 cut, July 10, 1765, but with his father's family re- 
 moved to Vermont before the Revolution ; he gradu- 
 ated at Dartmouth College in 1786, studied law, and 
 commenced practice in Woodstock, Vermont. He 
 was for fifty years devoted to his profession, and 
 for a long time at the head of the bar in the State. 
 He served as a member of Congress from 1815 to 1817, 
 and while in Washington became identified with the 
 American Colonization Society as one of its founders. 
 He acquired great popularity as a patron of benevo- 
 lent societies generally, and was a highly influential 
 and useful citizen. Died at Woodstock, Vermont, 
 January 11, 1849. The degree of LL.D. was con- 
 ferred upon him by Dartmouth College. 
 
 3Iarsh, George P. — Bom in Woodstock, Ver- 
 mont, March 15, 1801 ; was educated at Dartmouth 
 College, where he graduated in 1830. He afterwards 
 removed to Burlington, Vermont, where he com- 
 menced the study of the law, and afterwards made 
 that place his home. After his admission to the bar, 
 he came into an extensive practice, and devoted much 
 of his time to politics. He was a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1835, and in 1843 he took his seat in 
 the United States House of Representatives, where 
 he continued until he was sent as Resident Minister 
 to Turkey in 1849 by President Taylor. At this post 
 he rendered essential service to the cause of civil and 
 religious toleration in the Turkish Empire. He was 
 also charged with a special mission to Greece in 1853. 
 He is well known as an author and a scholar ; he has 
 devoted much attention to the languages and litera- 
 ture of the North of Europe, and his sympathies ap- 
 pear to be with the Goths, whose presence he traces 
 in whatever is great and peculiar in the character of 
 the founders of New England. In a work entitled 
 " The Goths in New England," he has contrasted the 
 Gothic and Roman characters, which he appears to 
 regard as the great antagonistic principles of society 
 at the present day. He is also the author of a gram- 
 mar of the old Northern or Icelandic language, and 
 of various essays, literary and historical, relating to 
 the Goths and their connections with America. He 
 is the author of an interesting work on the Camel ; 
 also of a work on the English Language, which occu- 
 pies a very high rank ; and still another of great 
 merit, entitled "Man and Nature," and his miscella- 
 neous published addresses and speeches are quite nu- 
 merous. After his return from Turkey he performed 
 the duties of Commissioner of Railroads for the State 
 of Vermont. His library is said to be one of the finest 
 in this country, rich beyond compare in Scandinavian 
 literature. In 1861 he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln Minister to Italy. 
 
 3Iarxhall, Alexander K.— 'Re was born in 
 
 Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 273 
 
 Marshall, Alfred. — He served four years in the 
 Maine Legislature, namely, 1837, 1828, 1834, and 1835 ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 
 1841 to 1843, acting as a member of the Committee on 
 the Militia ; and from 1846 to 1849 he was Collector at 
 Belfast. He was also, for some years, a General of 
 the State Militia. 
 
 Marshall, Christopher. — He was a Revolu- 
 tionary patriot of Philadelphia ; retired from business 
 with a competency before the Revolution, in which, 
 although a Quaker, he took an active part in the 
 Committees of Council and Safety. His diary, from 
 1774 to 1781, called "Marshall's Remembrancer," 
 edited by William Duaue, was published in 1839 and 
 1849. 
 
 Marshall, Edward C. — He was bom in Ken- 
 tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 California from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Marshall, Humphrey. — He was among the 
 earliest pioneers to Kentucky, having gone there in 
 1780 ; he was a member of the " State Convention " 
 in 1787 ; served for many years in the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and was a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 
 1801. He was the author of the first published " His- 
 tory of Kentucky," and died at an advanced age. 
 
 Marshall, Humphrey. — Born at Frankfort, 
 Kentucky, January 13, 1812. He graduated at West 
 Point Academy, but resigned his military commission 
 of Lieutenant and studied law, which he practiced 
 with success. During the ten years preceding the 
 Mexican war, and while devoting himself to his pro- 
 fession in Louisville, he took an active part in the 
 military affairs of the State as Captain, Major, and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel ; he served in the Mexican war as 
 Colonel of Cavalry, fighting at Buena Vista, and lead- 
 ing the charge of the Kentucky Volunteers : in 1847, 
 after declining several important nominations, he re- 
 tired to a farm ; he was elected to Congress in 1849 
 as a Representative, and re-elected in 1851 ; he was 
 appointed by President Fillmore Commissioner to 
 China, which was immediately raised to a first-class 
 mission ; on his return he was elected a Representa- 
 tive in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; in 1850 he was a 
 member of the "American National Council," held in 
 New York, where he caused to be thrown off all se- 
 crecy in the politics of his party ; and in 1857 he was 
 re-elected to Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Military Affairs. He took part in the 
 Rebellion of 1861 as a General of Volunteers. 
 
 Marshall, James. — He was one of the earliest 
 settlers in the District of Columbia, after the removal 
 of the Seat of Government ; and in 1801 was appointed 
 Circuit Judge of the United States for the District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 Marshall, John, — He was bom in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, September 24, 17.55, and was the 
 eldest of fifteen children. He had some classical 
 education in his youth, but his opportunities for learn- 
 ing were limited, and he never entered college, his 
 father, Thomas Marshall, having been a poor man, 
 but possessed of superior talents. At tlie com- 
 mencement of the American war he espoused it with 
 ardor ; in 1776 he was appointed Lieutenant, and in 
 1777 promoted to the rani of Captain. In 1780 he 
 was admitted to the bar, and in 1781 resigned his 
 commission and entered upon the practice of his 
 profession, soon rising to distinction. He was a mem- 
 ber of the " Virginia Convention " to ratify the Con- 
 stitution of the United States, and, as such", produced 
 a deep impression by his logic and eloquence. He 
 also entered the Legislature of Virginia, where he 
 was a leader. President Washington invited him to 
 18 
 
 become Attorney-General, and offered him the mission 
 to France after Mr. Monroe's return, both of which 
 honors he declined. President Adams appointed him 
 an Envoy to France, with Pickering and Gerry ; but 
 they were not accredited, and he returned to the 
 United States in 1798. He was a Representative in 
 Congress in 1799 ; in 1800 he was appointed Secretary 
 of War, which he declined ; soon afterwards Secretary 
 of State ; and, January 31, 1801, upon the nomination 
 of President Adams, was confirmed as Chief Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the United States. lie wrote 
 a " Life of George Washington," and a " History of 
 the American Colonies." He died in Philadelphia, 
 July 6. 1836. As a Judge he was the most illustrious 
 in America, and, for his public service, was ranked by 
 many with Washington. He was the object of uni- 
 versal affection, respect, and confidence, and, in every 
 particular, one of the greatest and best of men. 
 
 Marshall, fTohn Jatnes, — Born at Woodford 
 County, Kentucky, August 4, 1785 ; graduated at 
 New Jersey College, in 1806 ; gained distinction as a 
 lawyer and a politician ; from 1814 he served several 
 terms in the State Legislature. From 1836 till his death 
 he presided over the Circuit Court. In 1837 his am- 
 ple estate was placed at the disposal of his friends 
 and he died a poor man. He published " Reports of 
 Kentucky Court of Appeals," in 1831 and 1834, 7 vols. 
 8vo. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, June, 1846. 
 
 Marshall, Samuel S. — He was bom in Illinois; 
 educated at Cumberland College, Kentucky ; studied 
 law, and devoted himself to its practice in his native 
 State. He was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1846 ; by the Legislature he was elected State Attor- 
 ney, serving two years; in 1851 he was elected a Judge 
 of the Circuit Court, in which position he remained 
 until 1854 ; and having been elected to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress from Illinois, was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-fifth, and was Chairman of the Committee on 
 Claims. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago 
 Convention" of 1864, and was re-elected to the Thir- 
 ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Elections, and on Freedmen. He was a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 
 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Judiciary Committee. Re-elected to the three 
 follovring Congresses, serving on many important 
 Committees. In 1867 he received the unanimous vote 
 of his party in the Illinois Legislature for United 
 States Senator, and in the Fortieth Congress, the- 
 entire vote of the Democrats for Speaker of the 
 House. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas A. — He was born near 
 Versailles, Kentucky, January 15, 1794 ; graduated 
 at Tale College in 1815 ; studied law, and entered up- 
 on the practice in 1816 ; and he was a Representative 
 in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1835. He 
 was a Judge and Chief Justice of the Court of Ap- 
 peals of Kentucky for about twenty years ; a Profes- 
 sor of Law in the Transylvania College: and also 
 served in the Legislature of Kentucky. He was on 
 the bench as late as 1866, and in that year received 
 from Yale College the degree of LL.D. and died in 
 Louisville, April 17, 1871. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas F. — He was bom in Ken- 
 tucky in 1800 ; graduated at Yale College ; studied 
 law, and practiced the profession with success ; 
 was for several years Judge of the Circuit Court of 
 Louisville ; and was a Representative in Congresii 
 from Kentucky from 1841 to 1843. Died near Ver- 
 sailles, Woodward County, Kentucky, September 22, 
 1864. His general abilities were considered of a high 
 order, and as an orator before popular assemblies he 
 had few equals. 
 
 M\ 
 
 
 ,f, <»5--<: 
 
 V^»-v. U''. ''{iii^ 
 
274 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 Marnhnll, Win. It. — He was Governor of Min- 
 nesota, from 18G6 to 1868. 
 
 Marsfon, Gi/man. — Born in Orford, New 
 Hampshire, August 20, 1811 ; graduated at Dart- 
 moutli College in 1837, and at the Dane Law School in 
 1840 ; commenced the practice of law in Exeter, New 
 Hampshire, in 1841 ; in 1845 he was elected to the 
 New Hampshire Legislature, and served four years ; 
 was a member of the Convention to revise the Consti- 
 tution of that State in 1850, was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 185!) to 1863, 
 serving on the Committees on Elections, and on Mili- 
 tary Affairs. In June, 1861, he was appointed Colo- 
 nel of the Second Regiment New Hampshire Volun- 
 teers, which he led at the battle of Bull Run, 
 throughout the Peninsula Campaign under McClellan, 
 at the second battle of Bull Run, and also at Fred- 
 ericksburg, under Burnside. In 1863 he was commis- 
 sioned a Brigadier-General, assigned to the District of 
 St. Mary, and also attached to the army of the James 
 in 1864, fighting at Kingsland Creek, Drury's Bluff, 
 Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. Early in 1865 he was 
 re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Mileage, and Military Affairs; and 
 on the fall of Richmond he retired from the army. 
 He was also one of the Representatives designated by 
 the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 
 1866. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy- 
 alists' Convention" of 1866, and also to the Soldiers' 
 Convention " held in Pittsburg. In 1870 he was ap- 
 pointed Governor of Idaho. 
 
 Martin, Alexander. — Born in Guilford Coun- 
 ty, North Carolina, and died in November, 1807. He 
 was educated at Princeton College, and devoted 
 much attention to the pursuits of literature. He was 
 a member of the Colonial Assembly, and Colonel of a 
 regiment in the Continental line, having been at the 
 battles of Brandywine and Gerraantown. He was 
 subsequently in the State Senate, and was elected 
 Speaker ; he was elected Governor of North Carolina 
 in 1783, and again in 1789, and was a member of the 
 Convention which framed the Constitution of the 
 United States. From 1793 to 1799 he was United 
 States Senator. In 1793 the degree of Doctor of Laws 
 was conferred on him by Princeton College, and at 
 the time of his death he was a Trustee of the Univer- 
 sity of North Carolina. 
 
 Martin, Barclaj/. — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina, and was a Representative in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Martin, Charles !>.— Born in Ohio, and was 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Thir- 
 ty-sixth Congress, ser\-ing on the Committee on In- 
 valid Pensions. 
 
 3Iartin, Daniel. — He was a native of Mary- 
 land, and Governor of that State in 1830, and died in 
 Talbot County, July 10, 1830, before the expiration of 
 his term of office. 
 
 Martin, E/Itert S. — Born in Virginia, and elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixtli 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Expenditures in the Post-Ofiice Department. 
 
 Martin, Francois Xnvier. — He was born at 
 Marseilles, France, March 17, 176'i : emigrated to the 
 United States in 1783, and established himself at New 
 1)ern, North Carolina ; taught French ; learned print- 
 ing, and edited a newspaper, and peddled it through 
 the adjoining counties ; published school-books, alma- 
 nacs, and translations of French works, etc. ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1789, and became 
 distinguished in the profession, at the same time pur- 
 
 suing the vocation of printer and publisher. He was 
 appointed Judge of Mississippi Territory by Jeffer- 
 son ; and in 1813 was Attorney-General of the State of 
 Mississippi. In 1815 was made Judge of Supreme 
 Court of Ijouisiana, and Chief Justice from 1837 to 
 1845 ; published histories of Louisiana and North 
 Carolina ; " Notes and Decisions in the Superior 
 Courts of North Carolina from 1787 to 1796 ; " " Acts 
 of the North Carolina Assembly from 1715 to 1803 ; " 
 " Reports of the Superior Courts of Orleans from 1809 
 to 1813 ; " " Reports of the Supreme Court of Louisi- 
 ana from 1813 to 1830 ; " and a " Digest of the Terri- 
 torial and State Laws," in French and English. Died 
 in New Orleans, Louisiana, December 10, 1846. 
 
 Martin, Frederich S. — He was born in Rut- 
 land County, Vermont, April 25, 1794 ; after spending 
 his early life as a sailor on Lake Champlain and at 
 sea, he settled at Olean, New York, as a hotel-keeper 
 and merchant ; in 1888 he was appointed Postmaster 
 at that place ; he served three years in the State Leg- 
 islature ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Martin, George. — He was bom in Middlebury, 
 Vermont, in 1805 ; removed to Michigan in 1836, and 
 settled at Grand Rapids ; became a County Judge ; in 
 1851 a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; and 
 in 1857 he was made Chief Justice, which position he 
 held until his death, which occurred at Detroit, De- 
 cember 15, 1867. 
 
 Martin, J^ames S. — He was born in Scott 
 County, Virginia, August 19, 1826 ; received a good 
 education ; removed to Illinois in 1846 ; served in the 
 war with Mexico ; was Clerk of the Marion County 
 Court for twelve years ; studied law ; was a member 
 of the Republican State Central Committee for several 
 years ; entered the army as Colonel in 1862, and was 
 brevetted Brigadier-General ; was elected County 
 Judge of Marion County at the close of the war ; ap- 
 pointed Pension Agent in 1868 ; was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Martin, ,Tohn. — Was appointed Naval Officer 
 at Sunbury, Georgia, in 1761 ; was a member of the 
 Provincial Congress in 1775, and of the Committees of 
 Council and Safety ; entered the Georgia Continental 
 line as Captain ; was Lieutenant-Colonel in 1781, and 
 member of the Legislature from Chatham County ; 
 was State Treasurer in 1783 ; commissioned to make a 
 Treaty with the Creek Indians, January, 1783 ; and 
 Governor of Georgia from 1783 to 1783. 
 
 Martin, John Jacob. — He was bom in Abbe- 
 ville, South Carolina, in 1836 ; received a good edu- 
 cation and studied law, coming to the bar in 1848 ; 
 served as a Captain in the war with Mexico ; was sub- 
 sequently appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru ; 
 removed to Georgia, where he practiced law from 1853 
 to 1861, when he removed to Alabama ; was a member 
 of the first Convention which organized the Republi- 
 can party in that State : also a member of the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of that State ; Delegate to the 
 Chicago Convention of 1868 ; in 1869 he was appointed 
 Sixth Auditor of the Treasury in Washington, which 
 he resigned in 1875 ; and was appointed Postmaster 
 of Montgomery, where he still continues. 
 
 Martin, John P. — Born in Lee County, Vir- 
 ginia, October 11, 1811 ; removed to Kentucky in 1838 ; 
 in 1841 was elected to the Legislature of that State, 
 and reelected the following year ; and he was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1845 to 
 1847. In 1857 he was elected to the S"enate of Ken- 
 tucky, which was his last public position. 
 
BIOaEAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 275 
 
 Ulartin, ,Toshua L, — Hewas a membcrof Con- 
 gress from Alabama from 1835 to 1889, and from 1845 
 to 1847 Governor of tbat State. He died at Tusca- 
 loosa, November 3, 1856. 
 
 Marfai, Josioh. — Bom April 23, 1737 ; was an 
 
 Ensign in the Fourth Infantry of North Carolina in 
 1736, and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1769 ; he was Gover- 
 nor of North Carolina from 1771 to 1775, and tooli 
 energetic measures to preserve the royal autliority in 
 1775, and, April 34th, was obliged to take refuge on 
 board the Cruiser, from which ship he issued a proc- 
 lamation August 8th. He was on board the fieet of 
 Sir P. Parker at Charleston, in June, 1776 ; was %vith 
 Cornwallis at the defeat of Gates at Camden, in 1780, 
 but left North Carolina on account of ill health, 
 March, 1781, and withdrew to Long Island, and thence 
 to England. Died in London, July, 1786. 
 
 Martin, Luther. — -Born in New Brunswick, 
 New Jersey, in 1744 ; graduated at Nassau Hall, in 
 1766 ; taught school for several years in Maryland ; 
 came to the bar in Virginia, and settled in Accomac 
 County ; in 1774 took an active part in opposing Eng- 
 land ; was a member of the " Annapolis Convention " 
 of that year ; in 1778 was appointed Aitoniey-General 
 of JIaryland ; was a Delegate to tlie Continental Con- 
 gress in 1784 and 1785 ; was a member of the Conven- 
 tion which formed the Federal Constitution, but was 
 opposed to its adoption, and an elaborate speech that 
 he delivered before the Assembly of Maryland about 
 the Convention caused considerable excitement at the 
 time throughout the country. He acquired distinction 
 by defending Samuel Chase and Aaron Burr, in their 
 celebrated trials ; in 1814 he was appointed Judge of 
 the Court of Oyer and Terminer ; and died in New 
 York, July 10, 1836. He received the degree of LL.D. 
 from Princeton College. 
 
 Martin, 3Lorgan L. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Delegate to Congress from the Terri- 
 tory of Wisconsin, from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Martin, Noah, — He was a native of New Hamp- 
 shire, and Governor of that State for two years, from 
 1853 to 1854. 
 
 Martin, Hohert N, — He was born in Dorches- 
 ter County, Maryland, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland, from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Martin, William D, — He was a Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from South Carolina, from 1837 to 1833. He 
 was distinguished for his talents and public useful- 
 ness. He retired to bed slightly indisposed, and was 
 found dead in the morning, lie died at Charleston, 
 November 17, 1833, aged forty-five years. 
 
 Martindale, JTcnri/ C. — He was bom in Berk- 
 shire County, Massachusetts ; graduated at WUliams 
 College in 1800;* and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress, from New York, from 1823 to 1831, and again 
 from 1883 to 1835. Died in 1860 aged eighty years. 
 
 Marvin, Dudley. — Was a native of Lyme, 
 Connecticut, from which place he removed to Canan- 
 daigua. New York, in 1807. He was admitted to the 
 bar, and commenced the practice of law in 1811, and 
 soon attained eminence in his profession. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1839. In 
 1844 he removed to Ripley, Chautauqua County, and 
 was again elected to Congress, serving from 1847 to 
 1849 He died at Ripley, New York, June 25, 1853, 
 aged sixty-five years. 
 
 3Iarvin, iTnmes M. — Born in Ballston, Sarato- 
 ga County, New York, February 37, 1809 spent a 
 
 portion of his boyhood on a farm, but received a good 
 education. In 1846 he was elected to the House of 
 Assembly ; was a County Supervisor for three terms ; 
 is proprietor of one of the lai-ge Saratoga hotels, and 
 has chiefly been engaged for years past in taking care 
 of a large estate. In 1863 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty ninth Congress, and was made Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Expenses in the Treasury 
 Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Territories. 
 
 Marvin, Sichartl P. — He was bom in New 
 
 York ; served in the Assembly of that State, from 
 Chautauqua County, in 1836, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York, from 1887 to 1841, 
 and in 1855 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court. 
 
 Marvin, William, — ^He was a citizen of Flori- 
 da, and appointed United States Judge for the South- 
 ern District of that State. 
 
 Mason, Armistead Thomson. — Born in 
 Loudon County, Virginia, in 1785. and educated at 
 William and Jlary College ; was a farmer by occu]ia- 
 tion, and a Colonel in the war of 1812 ; and a United 
 States Senator from Virginia, from 1816 to 1817. He 
 fell in the memorable duel with Colonel McCartv, 
 February 6, 1819. 
 
 Mason, Charles. — Born in New York about 
 1808 ; graduated (first in class) at West Point in 1829 ; 
 entered the Engineers, but resigned December 3, 1831 ; 
 and practiced law at Newburg, New York, from 1833 
 to 1834 ; in New York city from 1834 to 1836 ; Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, from 1847 to 1853, and again from 1858 
 to 1859 ; and at Washington from 1860. He was 
 Acting Editor of the New York Eveninf; Post in 1837 
 and 1838 ; Chief Justice of the Superior Court of 
 Iowa from 1838 to 1847 ; Commissioner to draft ii 
 Code of Laws for the State of Iowa in 1848 ; Judge of 
 Des Moines County Court in 1851 and 1852 ; United 
 States Commissioner of Patents from 1858 to 1857. 
 
 Mason, Geovf/e. — Born at Doeg's Neck, Fairfax 
 County, Virginia, in 1736 ; was a Statesman of the 
 Revolution ; in 1769 he drew up the Non-importation 
 Resolutions, which were presented by Washington in 
 the Virginia Assembly and unanimously adopted. He 
 wrote a tract against British taxation, and presented 
 a series of twenty-four resolutions in which he recom- 
 mended a Congress of the Colonies ; these were sanc- 
 tioned by the Virginia Convention, and adopted by 
 the First Congress. He was a member of the Virginia 
 Legislature, and in 1776 drafted the Declaration of 
 Rights and Constitution of Virginia, and was known 
 as the " Father of States' Rights ; " was a member of 
 the Committee of Safety ; in 1777 was a delegate to 
 the Continental Congress ; in 1787 was a member of 
 the Convention to frame the Federal Constitution, 
 and favored the election of the President by the peo- 
 ple ; was opposed to the clause in the Constitution 
 prohibiting the abolishing of slavery ; which he con- 
 sidered a great evil and a source of natural weakness, 
 and refused to sign the instrument ; and, with Henry, 
 objected to its ratification by the State. He was 
 elected first United States Senator from Virginia but 
 declined, and retired to private life, and died at his 
 estate, " Gunston Hall," on the Potomac, October 7, 
 1792. 
 
 3Iason, James B, — He was a member of the 
 Rhode Island House of Representatives for many 
 years, and for a part of the time was Speaker ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 
 1815 to 1819. 
 
276 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 Mason, Jatnes JH, — Bom on Analostan Island, 
 Fairfax County, Virginia, November 3, 1798. He re- 
 ceived a good education, and graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania in 1818 ; he studied law at 
 the College of William and Mary, and obtained a 
 license to practice in 1820 ; in 182G he was elected to 
 the House of Delegates, and twice re-elected ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1833 ; he was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1837 to 1839 ; in 1847 he was elected 
 a Senator in Congress in the place of Senator Penny- 
 backer, and re-elected in 1849, in which position he 
 continued until 1861, having for several sessions been 
 Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. 
 He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 ; went to Eng- 
 land as a Minister of the Rebel government, was cap- 
 tured by the Sun JaHnto imprisoned in Fort Warren, 
 and after his release took up his residence in Europe. 
 He was expelled from the Senate in July, 1861. His 
 term would have expired in 1863. During his absence 
 in Europe his home at Winchester was destroyed by 
 fire ; after his return he lived in retirement and pov- 
 erty ; and died near Alexandria, Virginia, April 38, 
 1871. 
 
 Mason, Jeremiah, — Bom at Lebanon, Connec- 
 ticut, April 37, 1768, and died at Boston, November 
 14, 1848. Destined for professional life, he entered 
 Yale College, and, after graduating in 1788, entered 
 upon the study of law, and acquired the reputation 
 of being profoundly learned in common law. He 
 went to Vermont, and was admitted to the bar of that 
 State, but subsequently removed to Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, where he became the friend of Daniel 
 Webster, who alwaj-s spoke of him in extravagant 
 terms of praise. In 1803 he was appointed Attorney- 
 General of the State, and from 1813 to 1817 was a 
 Senator in Congress, having resigned for the purpose 
 of devoting himself to his profession. He removed 
 to Boston in 1833, and on reaching the age of seventy 
 he left the bar, though he was consulted as chamber- 
 counsel to the close of his life. An edition of his 
 "Life and Letters " was published for private circu- 
 lation in 1875. 
 
 Mason, John C. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty -fifth Congress, and was Chainnan of the Com- 
 mittee on Accounts. 
 
 Mason, John Thomson. — Bom at Montpelier, 
 Washington County, Jlarylaud, in May, 1815 ; grad- 
 uated at Princeton College in 1836 ; read law in Ha- 
 gerstown, and was admitted to the bar in 1838 ; the 
 same year was elected a member of the Legislature 
 of Maryland, and re-elected in 1839. He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, being at 
 that time the youngest man in Congress. In 1851 he 
 was elected by the people, under the new Constitu- 
 tion of the State, a Judge of the Court of Appeals, 
 which position he filled till 1857, when he resigned, 
 and was appointed Collector of the port of Baltimore. 
 Died at Annapolis, March 38, 1873. 
 
 Mason, John Y. — He was bom at Greensville, 
 Sussex County, Virginia, April 18, 1799 ; graduated 
 at the University of North Carolina in 1816, from 
 which institution he received the degree of LL. D. ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and was a Federal 
 Judge of the Eastern District Court of Virginia ; 
 Judge also of the General Court of Virginia; served 
 al)out ten years in the State Legislature ; he was a 
 Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1831 
 to 1837 ; was a Delegate to the Conventions of 1828 
 and 1849 for revising the State Constitution ; a mem- 
 ber of President Tyler's cabinet, as Secretary of the 
 Navy ; a member of President Polk's cabinet, first as 
 Attorney-General, and secondly as Secretary of the 
 Navy ; was subsequently President of the James 
 
 River and Kanawha Company ; and was appointed, 
 by President Pierce, Minister to France, in which 
 position he was continued by President Buchanan. 
 Died in Paris, of apoplexy, October 3, 1859. 
 
 Mason, Jonathan. — He was bom in 1757; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1774 ; and died at 
 Boston, November 1, 1831. He was a Senator of the 
 United States from Massachusetts from 1800 to 1803 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1817 to 1820, when he resigned. 
 
 Mason, Moses. — He was a County Commissioner 
 from 1831 to 1834 ; a Representative in Congress from 
 Maine from 1834 to 1837 ; subsequently a member of 
 the State Executive Council. Died at Bethel, June 
 25, 1866, aged seventy-five years. 
 
 Mason, Samsou, — He was bom in Ohio, and 
 
 was a Representative in Congress from tliat State 
 from 1835 to 1843. He was afterwards a member of 
 the Convention which formed the State Constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 Mason, Stevens Thomson. — He was bom 
 
 in Chapawansic, Stafford County, Virginia, 1760 ; 
 educated at William and Mary College ; he was a 
 lawyer by profession, and officer in the Revolutionary 
 war attaining to the rank of General ; was a member 
 of the Virginia House of Burgesses ; and a Senator 
 of the United States, from Virginia, from 1794 to 
 1803 ; also a Presidential Elector in 1793 ; a member 
 of the Convention to form the Constitution of Vir- 
 ginia, and a member of the State Legislature. He 
 died in 1803. 
 
 3Iason, Thomson. — Born in 1730 ; studied law 
 at the Temple in London, settled in Loudon County on 
 his return ; and became an eminent jurist. He was 
 frequently a member of the House of Burgesses. In 
 1774 he published a series of papers maintaining the 
 duty of open resistance to the mother country ; the 
 first of these papers was signed A British American, 
 the others appear with his own name. In 1778 he was 
 a member of the Supreme Court of the State ; and 
 with his brother George, was nominated by the Sen- 
 ate to revise the laws of Virginia ; he was a member 
 of the Legislature in 1779 and 1783. Died in 1785. 
 
 Mason, IViUiam. — He was born in Connecticut ; 
 served in the Legislature of New York from Chenan- 
 go County, from 1820 to 1822 ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State, from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Masters, Josiah, — Bom in Woodbury, Connecti- 
 cut, October 33, 1763 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1784, soon after which he removed to Schaghticoke, 
 Rensselaer County, New Y'^ork, which was thereafter 
 his place of residence. He was a prominent member 
 of the State Legislature in 1792, 1800, and 1801, 
 when he was appointed Associate Judge of Rensselaer 
 County ; and from 1805 to 1809, was a Representative 
 in Congress. In 1808 he was chosen first Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas of the County, which office he 
 held until his death. He was a zealous supporter of 
 the general measures against Great Britain during the 
 war of 1813, yet he opposed with great earnestness, 
 in several able speeches, the embargo, non-intercourse, 
 and other commercial restrictions. He numbered 
 among his personal friends such patriots as Jefferson, 
 Randolph, Madison, Clay, etc., and was a co-operator 
 and adviser of De Witt Clinton in the system of in- 
 ternal improvements which gave to New York the 
 rank of the Empire State. He died June 30, 1823. 
 
 Matheivs, James. — He was bom in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State, 
 from 1841 to 1845. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 277 
 
 Mathews, Yiiicenf, — Bom in Orange County, 
 New York, June 29, 1766. He studied law, and was | 
 admitted to the bar in 1790 ; and fixing bis residence ' 
 near Elmira, Tioga County, was elected a State Eep- 
 re.sentative in 1793, and in 1796 chosen a State Sen- 
 ator. In 1798 be was elected a Commissioner to set- 
 tle certain claims for bounty land ; and from 1809 to 
 1811 be was a Representative in Congress. In 1813 
 he was appointed District Attorney for a number of 
 Counties in Western New York ; and in 1816 he re- 
 moved from Elmira to Bath, and thence to Rochester, 
 pursuing the practice of his profession, in different 
 places, for no less a period than fifty-sis years. To- 
 ward the close of bis life be served a second time in 
 the Assembly of the State and was District Attorney 
 for Monroe County. The College of Geneva con- 
 ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws when 
 be was nearly seventy-five years old, and be died at 
 Rochester, August 23, 1846. 
 
 Mathewson, Elisha. — He was at different peri- 
 ods a member of the General Assembly of Rhode 
 Island ; once a Speaker in the House ; and a Senator 
 in Congress from that State from 1807 to 1811. He 
 died at Scituate, Rhode Island, October 14, 1853, aged 
 eighty-six years. 
 
 Mathiot, 'Joshua, — He was born in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1841 to 1843. Died July 30, 1849, at Newark, Ohio. 
 
 Matlaclc, James. — He was born in Gloucester 
 County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1821 to 183.5, and died 
 at Woodbury, in the same State, January 15, 1840. 
 
 Matfack, Timothjf. — Born at Haddenfield, New 
 Jersey, in 1730 ; an active patriot in the Revolution. 
 He was one of the Society of Free Quakers ; was a 
 member of the General Committee of Safety ; and 
 Colonel of a Pennsylvania battalion ; did good ser- 
 vice. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1780 to 1781 ; was many years "Master of the 
 Rolls," and resided at Lancaster a long time. He was 
 afterwards Register of one of the Philadelphia Courts. 
 He died at Holmesburg, Pennsylvania, April 1.5, 1829, 
 and although ninety-nine years of age, retained bis 
 faculties to a remarkable degree. 
 
 Mafsou, Aaron. — He was born in Plymouth, 
 Massachusetts ; for many years Judge of Probate in 
 Cheshire County, New Hampshire ; a Representative 
 in Congress from New Hampshire from 1821 to 1825 ; 
 a State Councilor from 1819 to 1821 ; and died at 
 Newport, Vermont, July 18, 1855, aged eighty-five 
 years. 
 
 Mafteson , Joel A. — He was Governor of Illinois 
 from 1853 to 1857, and died in Chicago, January 31, 
 1874 
 
 Matteson, Ofsamtis B. — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was elected a Representative from that 
 State to the Thirty-first, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, 
 and Thirty- fifth Congresses. Went into retirement 
 under a cloud. 
 
 Matthews, George. — Bom in Augusta Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, in 1739. He led a Volunteer Company 
 against the Indians at the age of twenty-two, and dis 
 tinguished himself at the battle of Point Pleasant in 
 1774 ; was Colonel of the Ninth Virginia Regiment in 
 the Revolution, and was engaged in Brandywine and 
 Germantown, where he was made prisoner after receiv 
 ing nine bayonet wounds. He was confined on board 
 of a prison-ship in New York Harbor, and was not 
 exchanged till December 5, 1781 ; when be joined 
 Greene's army as Commander of the Third Virginia 
 
 Regiment. In 1785 be removed ■with bis family to a 
 tract of land on Broad River, Oglethorpe County, 
 (Jeorgia. He was Governor of this State in 1780, and 
 from 1793 to 1796 ; a Representative in Congress from 
 1789 to 1791 ; afterward Brigadier-General of Georgia 
 Militia, and authorized by tbe President, January 26, 
 1811, to take possession of West Florida, and captured 
 Amelia Island. Died at Augusta, Georgia, August 
 30, 1812. 
 
 3Iatthews, Georqe, Jr. — Born near Staunton, 
 Virginia, September 21, 1774 (son of George, M. C.) ; 
 studied law at Liberty Hall Academy. Virginia, and 
 admitted to tbe bar in Georgia in 1799. In 1805 was 
 appointed by Jefferson a Judge of the Superior Court 
 of Mississippi Territory, and in 1806 of the Siiperior 
 Court in the Territory of Orleans ; he was appointed 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana after its 
 organization, wbicli position be held till his death, 
 which occurred near Bayou Sara, Louisiana, Novem- 
 ber 14, 1836. 
 
 Matthews. John. — Revolutionary patriot of 
 South Carolina ; was first Speaker of the Hou?e 
 of Representatives of that State after tbe disso- 
 lution of the Royal Government in 1776 ; and 
 the same year Associate Justice of tbe Supreme 
 Court ; from 1778 to 1783 was a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress ; was a member of the Committee 
 to visit the Army, and also of the Committee to con- 
 fer with tbe Pennsylvania Line of the army which 
 had mutinied. In 1784, on tbe establishment of tbe 
 Court of Equity be was appointed one of the Judges. 
 He was Governor of South Carolina from 1783 to 1783. 
 Died at Charleston, November, 1803, aged fifty-eight 
 years. 
 
 Matthews, WiUiani. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1797 to 1799. 
 
 Mattochs, John. — Born in Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut, in 1776, and was a resident of Peacbam, Vermont ; 
 be was for many years distinguished as a successful 
 lawyer ; had held various public trusts, being for 
 two years Judge of tbe Supreme Court of Vermont ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835, 
 and from 1841 to 1843 ; also Governor of the State one 
 year, declining a re-election to that office. He died at 
 Peacbam, Vermont, August 14, 1847. 
 
 Mattoon, Ebenezer, — Born in Amherst, Massa- 
 chusetts, August 19,1755; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1776. In 1797 be was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor. He was a Major in tbe war of 1812, and Slieriff 
 of Hampshire ; a Representative in Congress, from 
 Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803, having succeeded 
 L. Lyman, resigned, and in 1816 he was chosen Ad- 
 jutant-General of Militia. He died in Amherst, Sep- 
 tember 11, 1843, aged eighty-eight years. 
 
 Maul, Joseph. — He was Acting Governor of 
 Delaware in 1846, having previously been elected 
 Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 Manrice, James. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress, from that 
 State, from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Maury, Abraham P- — A Representative in 
 Congress, from Tennessee, from 183.5 to 1839 ; died 
 at his residence, in Williamson Countv, Tennessee, 
 July 22, 1848. 
 
 Maury, Matthew Fontaine. — Born in Spott- 
 sylvania County, Virginia, January 14, 1806 ; removed 
 with his parents to Tennessee in bis youth ; was ap- 
 pointed Midshipman February 1, 1835, and while cir- 
 1 cumnavigating tbe globe in the Vincennea began his 
 
•278 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 treatise on Navigation ; was promoted Lieutenant 
 Jane 10, 183G. He met with an accident in 18^9 which 
 unfitted liim for active service ; he then engaged him- 
 self in literary pursuits ; wrote a series of papers on 
 various abuses iu the navy, entitled, " Scraps from the 
 Lucky Bag, by Harry Bluff," for the Southern Lite- 
 rary Mcsseniier. He was placed in charge of the Hy- 
 drographical Office, and on its union with the Naval 
 Observatory in 1844. was made Superintendent. His 
 Paper respecting the Gulf Stream. Great Circle Sail- 
 ing, and Ocean Currents, etc., was read before the 
 National Institute and printed. He investigated the 
 " Phy.sical Geography of the Sea," and published a 
 work with that title in New York, 18.5.5. He was 
 made Commander in 1861, but threw aside his ap- 
 pointments, and joined the Rebellion. He was made 
 President of the Univer.sity of Alabama in 1871 ; was 
 a member of the principal scientific associations of 
 Euroi)e and America, from whom he has received dis- 
 tinguished honors. He published " Letters on the 
 Amazon and the Atlantic Slopes of South America," 
 " Relation between Navigation and the Circulation of 
 the Atmosphere," " Astronomical Observations," and 
 also several addresses before literary and scientific 
 institutions. His school geographies are much used 
 as text-books, and his wind and current charts are 
 published by the Observatory for general distribution 
 among mariners. Died February 1, 1873. 
 
 Maxey, S. B. — Born in Monroe County, Ken- 
 tucky, March 30, 183.3 ; educated there in private 
 schools until seventeen years of age. In 1842 entered 
 as a Cadet at West Point, and graduated iu 1846 ; 
 joined the Seventh Regiment of United States Infan- 
 try at Monterey, Mexico, as brevet Second Lieuten- 
 ant. In 1847 received brevet as First Lieutenant for 
 services at Contreras and Cherubusco ; served through 
 the Mexican war, and resigned in 1849 ; returned to 
 Kentucky, studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 18.50 ; removed to Texas in 1857, and in 1861 was 
 elected State Senator for four years ; declined to a.c- 
 cept, and raised the Ninth Texas Infantry for the 
 Confederate service, and was made Colonel ; was 
 Brigadier-General iu 1862, Major-General in 1864, 
 commanded the District of the Indian Territory from 
 1863 to .the close of the war, and was also Superinten- 
 dent of Indian Affairs ; resumed the practice of law, 
 and in 1874 was elected United States Senator from 
 Texas. • 
 
 Maxey, Virgil. — Born at Attlehorough, Massa- 
 chusetts ; studied law with R. G. Harper, of Mary- 
 land, and settled in that State, where he soon became 
 eminent in his profession. He was a member of both 
 houses of the Legislature ; Solicitor of the United 
 States Treasury, and Charge d'Affaires to Belgium. 
 He published "Compilation of the Laws of Maryland 
 from 1692 to 1809," 4 vols. 8vo, 1809 ; "Oration be- 
 fore the Phi Beta Kappa Society," in 1833. He was 
 killed February 28, 1844, on board the United States 
 Steamer Princeton, by the explosion of one of her 
 guns. 
 
 Maxwell, Aligiistus E. — Born in Elberton, 
 Georgia, September 21. 1820 ; received the benefit of 
 country schools in Alabama, and graduated at the 
 University of Virginia ; studied law, removed to Flor- 
 ida, was elected in 1847 to the Assembly of that 
 State, was Secretary of State in 1848 ; a State Senator 
 in 1849 ; was a member of Congress from 1853 to 
 18.57, refusing a re-nomination, and in 1857 was ap- 
 pointed, by President Buchanan, Navy Agent at Pen- 
 sacola, Florida. In 1866 he was appointed President 
 of the Pensacola and Montgomery Railroad. 
 
 Maxwell, George C. — He was a native of New 
 Jersey, graduated at Princeton College in 1792, and 
 
 was a Representative in Congress, from that State. 
 from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Maxwell, J. P, B, — Born in New Jersey in 
 1805, graduated at Princeton College in 1823 ; studied 
 law ; was admitted to the bar in 1827 ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again 
 from 1841 to 1843. He died at Belvidere, New Jersey, 
 November 14, 1845. He was a candidate for election 
 to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and although he came 
 with the broad seal of his State, he was not admit- 
 ted. 
 
 Slaxivell, Lewis. — He was a native of Virginia, 
 and a Representative iu Congress, from that State, 
 from 1827 to 1833. 
 
 Maxwell, Thomas. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 May, Henry. — He was born in the District of 
 Columbia, received a liberal education, adopted the 
 profession of law, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty seventh Congress. He was appointed 
 by President Pierce to visit Mexico on business with 
 the " Gardiner Claim ; " and during the Rebellion he 
 voluntarily went to Richmond on a peace mission, 
 but was unsuccessful. Died in Baltimore, Septem- 
 ber 25, 1863. 
 
 May, Williani L. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, 
 from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Mayall, Samuel. — He was born in Maine ; 
 served in the State Legislature in 1845, 1847, and 1848, 
 and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Mayer, Charles F, — Born in Maryland, attained 
 a high position at the bar of Maryland, as well as 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals at Annapolis, and as 
 a Judge of the United States. Died iu Baltimore, 
 January 3, 1864, aged about sixty-seven years. 
 
 Mayham, S. L. — He was born in Blenheim, 
 Schoharie County, New York, October 8, 1825 ; re- 
 ceived an academic education, studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1848. In 1857 he was elected Supervisor 
 of Blenheim, and re-elected three times. In 1859 he 
 was elected District Attorney for Schoharie County 
 for three years ; was a member of the State As.sembly 
 in 1863, and in 1868 he was elected a Rei)reseutative, 
 from New York, to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Expenses in the Post-Office De- 
 partment. 
 
 Maynard, Horace, — He was born in West- 
 borough, Massachusetts, August 30, 1814, graduated 
 at Amherst College in 18.38, and soon afterwards em- 
 igrated to Tennessee. He entered the University of 
 East Tennessee as a tutor, and subsequently received 
 the appointment of Professor of Mathematics in that 
 institution ; during that period he studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1844. He acquired an ex- 
 tensive practice in liis profession, held a number of 
 local offices in his adopted State, was a Pre.sidential 
 Elector in 1852, and was elected a Representative, 
 from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth Congress. Dur- 
 ing the first session of that Congress, he was Chair- 
 man of the Special Committee to investigate the ac- 
 counts of William CuUom, late Clerk of the House of 
 Representatives, and was a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Claims. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the same committee; and also 
 re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. For his 
 loyalty during the troubles of 1861, bis property was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 279 
 
 coufiscated, and he, as well as his family, were driven 
 from Eastern Tennessee by the Rebel government. 
 He was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " 
 of 1864. After tlie close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he 
 was re-elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to 
 his seat until near the end of the first session of that 
 Congress, and was made Chairman of the Committee 
 on Southern Railroads, and placed on the Committee 
 on the District of Columbia. He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelpliia " Loyalists'. Convention " of 1800. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Ways and Means, and was President of 
 the " Border State Convention" held in Baltimore, in 
 1867. He was also elected to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-third Congresses, and, in March, 1875, lie was 
 appointed by President Grant Minister Resident to 
 Turkey. During his last term in Congress, he was 
 Chairman of the Committee on Banking. 
 
 Maynnrd, ,To]tn, — He was a resident of New 
 York, and graduated at Union College in 1810 ; stud- 
 ied law, and commenced practice at Seneca Falls, and 
 then removed to Auburn. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and gave 
 a zealous support to the administration of Mr. Adams ; 
 he was subsequently' a member of the New York Sen- 
 ate for four years ; and again from 1841 to 184y, a 
 member of Congress ; he was Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of New York, and from January, 1850, a Judge 
 of the Court of Appeals. He died in Auburn, New 
 York, March 24, 1850. 
 
 Mayrant, WUliani. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State during the years 1815 and 1816. 
 
 McAfee, Hobert H. — Born in Mercer County, 
 Kentucky, in 1784 ; was appointed Captain in R. M. 
 Johnson's regiment of Kentucky Volunteers, under 
 General Harrison, at the Battle of the Thames ; was 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky from 1830 to 1834 ; 
 Charge d'Affaires to Columbia from 1835 to 1837. 
 Author of ' ' History of the Late War m the Western 
 Country," in 1816. 
 
 McAllister, Archibald. — He was born in 
 Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1814 ; and having 
 settled in Blair County, was for thirty-three years 
 engaged in the manufacture of iron. In 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Military Affairs. 
 
 3IcAlIisfer, Matthetv Hall. — Bom in Savan- 
 nah, Georgia, November 26, 1800 ; was a prominent 
 lawyer, and appointed United States District Attorney 
 for Georgia, a post held by his father during the ad- 
 ministration of Washington ; was for some years 
 Mayor of Savannah ; an opponent of Nullification in 
 1833 ; a member of the Legislature in 1835 ; State 
 Senator for five years ; and caused the establishment 
 of the Court of Errors. He emigrated with his family 
 to California in 1850 ; and from 1855 to 1863 was 
 United States Circuit Judge of that State. He was 
 the author of a Eulogy on President Jackson, and a 
 volume of legal opinions published by his son. He 
 received the degree of LL.D. from Columbia College. 
 Died at San Francisco, California, December 19, 
 1865. 
 
 McArfhiir, Arthur, — He was born in Scotland ; 
 settled in Wisconsin ; was Lieutenant-Governor of 
 the same in 1856 ; was elected to a Judgeship in that 
 State, which he held until 1869 ; and in 1870 he was 
 ap])ointed one of the Justices of the Supreme Coui't 
 of the United States for the District of Columbia. 
 
 McA rthur, Duncan. — He was born in Dutchess 
 County, New York, in 1773. When he was eight 
 years of age he removed with his father to Pennsyl- 
 j vania, and at the age of eighteen he volunteered in 
 defense of the frontier settlements of Ohio against 
 the Indians. He studied surveying, and acquired 
 great wealth in the business of buying and selling 
 lands, in addition to surveying them. In 1805 he was 
 a member of the Legislature, and in 1806 was ap- 
 pointed Colonel, and in 1808 Major-General of the 
 State Militia. He performed valuable services during 
 the War of 1813, in which he held a General's com- 
 mission, and although elected to Congress in 1813, 
 declined leaving his command ; in 1815 was again a 
 member of the Legislature, and 1816 was appointed 
 Commissioner to conclude 'Treaties with the Indians ; 
 from 1817 to 1819 was in the Legislature, and Speaker 
 of the House in 1817. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1835, and in 1830 
 was chosen Governor of the State, which position he 
 held until 1833, and while in that service met with 
 an accident, from the effects of which he never re- 
 covered. 
 
 McBride, James. — He was a citizen of Oregon ; 
 appointed Minister Resident to Hawaii in 1863, and 
 returned to the United States in 1806. 
 
 Mcliride, John H. — Was born in Franklin 
 County, Missouri, August 22, 1833 ; emigrated to 
 Oregon in 1846 ; in 1854 he was chosen Superintend- 
 ent of Common Schools ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1855 ; in 1857 he was a Delegate to the 
 Convention which formed the Oregon State Constitu- 
 tion ; was chosen to the State Senate for four years 
 after its adoption ; and in 1863 he was elected a 
 Representative from Oregon to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 He was subsequently appointed Chief Justice of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Idaho. 
 
 McCaleb, Theodore H. — He was a citizen of 
 Louisiana, residing in New Orleans ; and in 1842 he 
 was appointed United States Judge for the two Dis 
 tricts of Louisiana. 
 
 3IcCalla, John. — He was born in Virginia ; and 
 in 1845 he was appointed Second Auditor of the 
 Treasury, remaining in office until 1849.^ > 
 
 3IcCalmonf, Alfred H. — He was a native of 
 Pennsylvania ; educated for the bar ; and in 1859 he 
 was appointed the First Assistant Attorney-General 
 of the United States, and remained in office until 
 1861. 
 
 McCandless, Wilson. — He was born in Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, about the year 1811 ; educated 
 at the Western University ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1831 ; practiced his profession in Pitts- 
 burg for more than twenty-five years ; and in 1809 
 he was appointed United States District Judge for 
 Western Pennsylvania. In early life he devotfed 
 some attention to politics, and in later life he has 
 been identified with many of the local interests of his 
 city and State, and as a masou and a churchman has 
 assisted many benevolent institutions. From Union 
 College he received the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
 
 McCtirt/ij/, Dennis. — He was born in the vil- 
 lage of Salina, now within the limits of Syracuse, 
 New York, March 19, 1814 ; received a common- 
 school and academical education ; turned his atten- 
 tion to the mercantile business, and became a manu- 
 facturer of salt ; in 1846 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature ; in 1853 he was Mayor of Syracuse, and 
 after holding various other positions of trust and 
 honor, was elected in 1866 a Representative from 
 
280 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 New York to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, 
 serving on the Committees on Foreign AfPairs, Roads 
 and Canals, and Ways and Means. In 1875 he was 
 elected to the Senate of New York. 
 
 McCn rt If , Andrew Z, — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1855 to 1857. He 'was also a member 
 of the New York Assembly in 1848. 
 
 McCfirtfi, Jonathtiu. — Was a native of Ten- 
 nessee, but removed with his father at an early age 
 to Indiana. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, and 
 was for a time Clerk of the Circuit or County Court at 
 Connersville. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Indiana from 1831 to 1837. He left Indiana for 
 Iowa, where he died in 1855. 
 
 McCurty, Itiehard. — Was born in Albany, 
 New York, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from tliat State from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 McCarty, William M. — He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Virginia from 1840 to 
 1841. 
 
 3IcC(nislen, William C. — He was born in 
 Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 McClean, 3Ioses, — He was born in Gettysburg, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1804 ; studied law, came to the bar 
 in 1835, and settled in Gettysburg ; was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1845 to 1847 ; in 1855 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; was for several 
 years President of the Board of Trustees of Pennsyl- 
 vania College ; acquired a large practice in his pro- 
 fession, and died in his native place, October 1, 1870. 
 
 McClellan, Abraham,— Ee was bom in Ten- 
 nessee, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1837 to 1843. 
 
 McClcllait, (icorge lirinton, — He was the 
 
 son of a distinguislied physician, George McClellan, 
 and born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1836 ; grad- 
 uated at West Point in 1840 ; distinguished himself 
 as a Lieutenant and Captain in the war with Mexico ; 
 in 1847 entered West Point as an Instructor, and pre- 
 pared a " Manual on Bayonet Exercise," which be- 
 came a text-book in the service ; in 1853 he accom- 
 ))anied his father-in-law. General R. B. Marcy, as 
 engineer on his expedition to Texas ; was detailed to 
 explore the route for the Pacific Railway, his Report 
 forming the first of the complete work in thirteen 
 volumes ; in 1855 he visited the Crimea with Dela- 
 field and Mordeica, and published a Report of his 
 observations on the " Armies of Europe ; " resigned 
 his commission and spent three years as engineer and 
 Vice-President of the Illinois Central Railroad ; and 
 also had charge of other important roads in the West. 
 When the Rebellion commenced he was appointed 
 Major-General of Volunteers in Ohio ; was soon made 
 Major-General in the Regular Army, and on the re- 
 tirement of General Scott was made General-in-Chief 
 of the American Army. He commanded the Army of 
 the Potomac in the protracted Peninsula Campaign ; 
 won the Battle of Antietam, and resigned from the 
 Army in 1864. He was the Democratic Candidate for 
 President, and received nearly one million eight 
 hundred thousand votes, while Abraham Lincoln was 
 re-elected by about two million two hundred thou- 
 sand. He published a number of books on military 
 matters, and a Report on the Organization and Cam- 
 paigns of the Army of the Potomac. Of late years he 
 has traveled in Europe. His Life was written by 
 George S. Hillard. 
 
 McClellan, Hoherf. — He was a native of Scho- 
 harie County, New York, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1837 to 18S0, and 
 again from 1841 to 1843. Died in 1860, aged fifty- 
 five years. 
 
 McClellattd, Mohert. — Born in Franklin Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, in 1807. He graduated at Dickin- 
 son College ; practiced law for a year or so in Pitts- 
 burg, and in 1833 removed to Michigan and estab- 
 lished himself at Monroe. He served for several 
 years in the Legislature of that State ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He 
 was Governor of Michigan in 1853 and 1853 ; in 
 1853 was appointed Secretary of the Interior Depart- 
 ment by President Pierce, the duties of which posi- 
 tion he performed until 1857. He subsequently set- 
 tled in Detroit and practiced his profession there. 
 Was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 
 1868. 
 
 McClelland, William, — He was bom in Mount 
 Jackson, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1843 ; attended 
 Westminster College at New Wilmington, Pennsyl- 
 vania ; at ihe outbreak of the Rebellion enlisted as a 
 private in the First Artillery, and served over four 
 years, becoming Commander ; participated in all the 
 battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, except 
 Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; subsequently attend- 
 ed Allegheny College, at Meadville, Pennsylvania ; 
 studied law, and admitted to practice in 1870 ; and 
 was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 McClenachan, Blair. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1707 to 
 1799. 
 
 3IcClene, iTames. — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1778 
 to 1780. 
 
 3IcCle rna nd, John A. — Born in Breckenridge 
 County, Kentucky, May 30, 1813 ; brought up at 
 Shawneetown, Illinois, and had only the advantages 
 of a common-school education. He studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1833, and served as a pri- 
 vate, but with credit, in the Black Hawk War. He 
 established the first Democratic press in Shawnee- 
 town, and edited his paper and practiced law until 
 1843, when he was elected to Congress from Illinois, 
 and served as a Representative until 1851. He had 
 also, before going to Congress, been elected to the 
 State Legislature. In 1859 he was again elected to 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but resigned 
 to accept the commission of Brigadier-General in the 
 Union Army in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Natidnal Union Convention " of 1806. 
 
 McClmtg, Alexander K, — Born in Mason 
 County, Kentucky, about 1813 ; enlisted in the Navy 
 when a lad ; afterward studied law, and practiced in 
 Mississippi ; was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Mexican 
 War, and severely wounded at Monterey. From 
 1849 to 1851 was Charge d'Affaires to Bolivia. De- 
 livered an able eulogium on Henry Clay at the State 
 Capitol in 1853. 
 
 MeClinifj, William, — He was appointed by 
 President Adams, in 1801, United States Judge of 
 the Circuit Court for the Sixth Circuit. 
 
 McClurg, 'Joseph W, — Born in St. Louis 
 County, Missouri. February 33, 1818 ; received a 
 good education, chiefly at Oxford College, Ohio ; in 
 his seventeenth year he went to Louisiana and Mis- 
 sissippi, and spent nearly two years as a teacher ; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 281 
 
 went to Texas in 1841, where he was admitted to the 
 bar, and was Clerk of the Circuit Court ; in 1S44 he 
 settled in Missouri as a merchant ; when the Rebel- 
 lion broke out his interests suffered greatly from the 
 plunder of the Rebels ; took part in the War as Col- 
 onel of the Osage Regiment of Infantry, and also of a 
 Cavalry Regiment ; was a member of the Missouri 
 " State Convention" in 1862, and was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He 
 was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " 
 of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Death of President 
 Lincoln, Elections, and as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Southern Railroads, He was also a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; 
 and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. In 1868 
 he was elected Governor of Missouri, and after the 
 expiration of his term, he went extensively into the 
 business of mining. 
 
 McC'oinas, William. — Was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 McComb. Eleazer. — He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from Delaware from 1782 to 
 
 1784. 
 
 McCnnihe, Isaac. — He was born in Merri- 
 mack, New Hampshire, in 1787 ; studied law, and be- 
 came a leader at the bar of Troy, New York ; held 
 many important positions, among which were Master 
 in Chancerv and Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. Died in Troy, November 2, 1867. 
 
 McConnell, Felix G. — Was a native of Lin- 
 coln County, Tennessee, but removed in 1824 to Tal- 
 ladega County, Alabama. He was brought up a 
 mechanic, but subsequently adopted the profession 
 of law. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1846. He died, by his own 
 hand, in Washington, District of Columbia, Septem- 
 ber, 1846, aged thirty-six years. 
 
 HtcVoti nell, Murraif. — He was born in Illinois, 
 and in 1855 he was appointed Fifth Auditor of the 
 Treasury, where he remained until 1859. 
 
 McCook, Edward M. — Born in Steubenville, 
 Ohio, in June, 1834 ; educated in a log school-house ; 
 went to Minnesota in 1856, and became Private Sec- 
 retary of the Governor ; emigrated to Pike's Peak in 
 1859 ; member of the Kansas Legislature in 1860 ; 
 entered the army at the opening of the Rebellion 
 and by 1864 had attained the rank of Brevet Major- 
 General. His exploits on the battle field were nu- 
 merous and distinguished. Between the years 1866 
 and 1869 he was Minister to the Hawaiian Islands, 
 and in the latter year was appointed Governor of 
 Colorado. 
 
 McCord, Andrew. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly, during the years 1800 to 1801, 
 1802, and 1807, part of the time Speaker ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1803 to 1805. 
 
 MrCorkle, Joseph W. — He was born in Ohio, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Califor- 
 nia from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Mrf'ormick, James R, — Bom in Washington 
 County, Missouri, August 1, 1834 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education, and in 1849 received the de- 
 gree of M.D. : h^ was elected a Delegate to the State 
 Convention of 1861 ; in 1862 to the State Senate ; 
 
 served as a Brigadier-General of Militia in 18G3, and 
 was appointed by President Lincoln a Surgeon in the 
 army, which he resigned ; was again elected to the 
 State Senate in 1866 ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, to fill a 
 vacancy, serving on the Committee on Private Land 
 Claims. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-sec- 
 ond Congresses, ser\'ing on various Committees. 
 
 McCormick, jRichard C. — Born in New York 
 City in 1832 ; received a classical education ; entered 
 into business in Wall Street in 1850 ; visited Europe 
 during the Crimean war, and published a book of 
 correspondence which was successful in England ; 
 also a volume entitled " St. Paul to St. Sophia ; or 
 Sketchings in Europe ;" from 1857 to 1861, he was a 
 Trustee of Public Schools in New York ; in 1859 he 
 edited the Young Men's Magazine, and contributed to 
 other periodicals ; was a " War Correspondent" for 
 several leading New York journals ; in 1862 was 
 Chief Clerk of the Department of Agriculture in 
 Washington ; in 1863 he was appointed Secretary of 
 Arizona Territory ; in 1866 he was appointed Gover- 
 nor of the Territory ; and in 1868 he was elected 
 Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-first Congress, and 
 re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses. In 1875 
 he was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial 
 Exhibition. 
 
 McCoy. Soberf. — He resided at one time in 
 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and held several public posi- 
 tions in that State, such as Brigadier-General of Mi- 
 litia and Canal Commissioner. He was a member of 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1833, and 
 died at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, 1849. 
 
 McCoif, Williain. — He was born in Augusta 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1811 to 1833. 
 
 McCrari/, George W. — Bom in Indiana, Au- 
 gust 27, 1835 ; removed with his parents to \A'isconsin 
 'ferritory in 1836 ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in Keokuk, Iowa, in 1856 ; in 1857 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature ; in 1861 he was elected to the 
 State Senate for four years ; and after devoting all his 
 time to the practice of his profession until 1868, he 
 was then elected a Representative from Iowa to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Revision of Laws, and Naval Affairs. He was also 
 re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty- 
 third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittees on Elections, and Railroads and Canals. 
 
 McCrate, Joint X>.— He was born in Wiscasset, 
 about 1800 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1819 ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the 
 State Legislature from 1831 to 1836 ; Collector of Cus- 
 toms at Wiscasset from 1836 to 1841 ; and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to 
 1847. 
 
 McCreari/, James Ji.—He was born in Madi- 
 son County, Kentuck}', in 1835 ; graduated at the Law 
 University of Tennessee : settled as a lawyer in Rich- 
 mond, Kentucky ; served as a Colonel in the Confed- 
 erate Army ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; was 
 afterwards elected to the State Legislature for three 
 terms, serving as Speaker for four years ; and in 
 August, 1875, was inaugurated Governor of Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 HTcC'reary, John. — He was bom in Chester 
 District, South Carolina, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 McCreary, William. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Maryland from 1803 to 1809. 
 
283 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 McCt'eedy, William. — He was a Eepresenta- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 McCfeery, Thomas C. — He was bom in Ken- 
 tucky in 1817 ; studied law, but instead of practicing 
 the profession, turned his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; a Visit- 
 or to the West Point Academy in 1858 ; and in 1868 
 was elected a Senator in Congress in the place 
 of James Guthrie, resigned ; that term expired in 
 1871. He was re-elected in 1873 for the terra ending 
 in 1879, serving on the Committees on Foreign Rela- 
 tions, Indian Affairs, CivU Service, and Retrench- 
 ment. 
 
 McCulloch, George, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1840 to 1841. 
 
 McCulloch, Iliifjh, — He was bom in Kenne- 
 bunk, Maine ; in 1834 he entered Bowdoin College, 
 but left in his sophomore year on account of his 
 health ; studied law, and on being admitted to prac- 
 tice, removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1833 ; in 
 1835 he was chosen Cashier of the Branch of the State 
 Bank of Indiana, and as such, and also as a Director, 
 he was connected with it until 1857 ; in that year he 
 was elected President of the State Bank, in which posi- 
 tion he continued until 1863 ; by President Lincoln he 
 was soon afterwards appointed Comptroller of the 
 Currency, which Bureau he organized and put into 
 successful operation ; and in March, 1865, he entered 
 the Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 McCulloch, John. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 McCulloch, Thomas G. — He was born in 
 Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress frem that State from 1830 to 1822, 
 for the unexpired term of D. Fullerton. 
 
 McCullouyh, Hiram. — He was born in Cecil 
 County, Maryland, September 20,1813 ; educated at the 
 Elkton Academy ; read law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1838 ; was elected to the Maryland Senate in 
 1845, and re-elected in 1846, serving as such until the 
 adoption of the Constitution of 1851 ; in the winter of 
 1852 and 1853 he was appointed by the Legislature 
 one of the Codifiers of the Laws of Maryland, and aid- 
 ed in making the present code of that State. He also 
 held various offices of trust and responsibility con- 
 nected with the courts, and the town and county of his 
 residence ; and he was elected a Representative from 
 Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elect- 
 ed to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Com- 
 mittee, and on that on Accounts. Was a Delegate to 
 the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 McCurdji, Charles Johnson. — Born at Lyme, 
 Connecticut, December 7, 1797 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1817 ; he studied law with Judge Swift ; 
 was prominent in the profession ; was a member of 
 both branches of the Legislature, and three years 
 Speaker of the House ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1845 
 and 1846 ; United States Minister to Austria in 1851 
 and 1852 ; in 1856 was appointed a Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court, and subsequently on the Supreme Bench 
 until 1867. In February, 1861, he was an active mem- 
 ber of the Peace Congress. He received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Yale College. 
 
 McCurdy, S. P. — He was born in Kentucky, and 
 removed to Missouri, from which State he was ap- 
 pointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 
 Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Fort 
 Bridger. 
 
 McDill, Alexander S. — He was bom in Craw- 
 ford County, Pennsylvania, March 18, 1822 ; gradu- 
 ated at the Cleveland Medical College ; was engaged 
 in the general practice of his profession from 1848 
 until 1836, when he removed to Portage County, Wis- 
 consin ; was elected to the State House of Represent- 
 atives in 1801, and to the State Senate in 1862 ; chosen 
 a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was one of the Board 
 of Managers of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the 
 Insane from 1862 to 1868, when he was elected Medi 
 cal Superintendent, which position he resigned to take 
 his seat in the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Education and Labor. 
 
 3IcDill, .James Wilson. — He was born in Mon- 
 roe, Ohio, March 4, 1834 ; graduated at the Miami 
 University, Ohio, in 1853 ; studied law at Columbus, 
 Ohio ; admitted to the bar in 1856, and removed to 
 Iowa; was elected Judge of Union County in 1859 ; 
 appointed in 1861 Clerk of the Senate Committee on 
 tlie District of Columbia, and a Clerk in the office of 
 the Third Auditor of the Treasury, in which he served 
 until 1865, when he resigned, and returned to Iowa ; 
 was elected Circuit Judge in 1868 ; appointed in 1870, 
 and then elected District Judge, and was elected to 
 the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving 
 on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 McDonald, Alexander. — He was bom in 
 
 Clinton County, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1832 ; was ed- 
 ucated chiefly at the Le^visburg University ; emigrated 
 to Kansas in 1857, and turned his attention to mercan- 
 tile pursuits ; took a leading part in raising troops for 
 the Union Array during the Rebellion, and for a time 
 supported three regiments at his private expense ; in 
 1863 he settled in Arkansas as a merchant ; established 
 and became President of a National Bank at Fort 
 Smith ; also became President of the Merchant's Na- 
 tional Banlc at Little Rock ; and was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress from Arkansas for the term ending in 
 1871, having taken his seat on the admission of that 
 State into the Union, serving on the Committees on 
 the Post-Office, Territories, and Manufactures. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 
 1868. 
 
 McDonald, Charles J. — He was Governor of 
 Georgia from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 McDonald. David. — He was a Judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of Indiana. 
 
 3IcDonald, J. JS.— Bom in Butler County, Ohio, 
 August 29, 1819 ; removed to Indiana at tlie age of 
 seven ; was apprenticed to the saddler's trade at Craw- 
 fordsville ; was two years in college but did not grad- 
 uate ; was admitted to the bar in 1843, elected Prose- 
 cuting Attorney in that year, and held the office four 
 years ; in 1849 was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress, and served one terra ; elected Attorney-General 
 of the State in 1856 ; re-elected in 1858 ; removed to 
 Indianapolis in 1859 ; was a Candidate for Governor 
 in 1864, but defeated ; elected to the United States 
 Senate in 1875, for the term ending in 1881. 
 
 McDougall, Alexander. — Bom in Scotland in 
 1731 ; came to America with his father about 1755 ; 
 settled near New York, in which city his youth was 
 spent in various active employments. While a printer, 
 the action of tlie State Assembly in 1769 in rejecting 
 the vote by ballot, and favoring the bill of supplies 
 for troops quartered in the city, caused him to issue an 
 address entitled "A Son of Liberty to the Betrayed 
 Inhabitants of the Colony." This was voted by the 
 Assembly a seditious paper, and he was imprisoned. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 383 
 
 Upon regaining his liberty, he presided over the 
 meeting preparatory to electing Delegates for the 
 Continental Congress. He was appointed Colonel of 
 the First New Yorii Regiment ; Brigadier-General, Au- 
 gust 9, 1770 ; Major-General, October 30, 1777 ; super- 
 intended the embarkation of troops on the evening of 
 August 29, 1776, after the defeat on Long Island ; was 
 actively engaged on Cliatterton's Hill, White Plains, 
 October 28, and in various places in New Jersey ; and 
 in the spring of 1777 tools; command at Peekskill, but 
 was compelled, by a superior force, to retreat, March 
 23 ; was in the Battle of Geiinantown ; took command 
 of the posts on the Hudson, March 16, 1778 ; and with 
 Kosciusko pushed the construction of fortifications on 
 the Higlilands until the close of 1780. He was a Del- 
 egate from New Tork to the Continental Congress in 
 1781 and 1782, again in 178-1 and 1785. In 1781 was 
 appointed by Congress Minister of Marine, but did not 
 long remain in Philadelphia. In 1783 when the army 
 went into winter quarters at Newburg, he was the 
 head of the Committee sent to Congress to represent 
 its grievances. He was a member of the New York 
 Senate in 1783, and remained in that position till his 
 death, which occurred in New York City, June 8, 
 1786. 
 
 3IcDoiif/(ill, ifames A.— Was born in Bethle- 
 hem, Albany County, New York, November 19, 1817 ; 
 received his education at the Albany Grammar School ; 
 assisted in the survey of the first railway ever built in 
 this country, that of Albany and Schenectady ; studied 
 law, and adopted that profession ; removed to Pike 
 County, Illinois, in 1837 ; in 1842 he was chosen At- 
 torney-General of Illinois ; re-elected in 1844 ; in 1849 
 he originated and accompanied an exploring expedi- 
 tion to Rio del Norte, the Gila, and Colorado ; he 
 afterwards emigrated to California, and followed his 
 profession at San Francisco ; in 1850 was elected At- 
 torney-General of California ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from California from 1853 to 1855, declin- 
 ing a re-nomination ; and in 1861 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress for six years, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Finance, and Naval Affairs, and as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on tlie Pacific Railroad. He 
 was also a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " of 
 1864, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 vention " of 1866. Died at Albany, September 3, 
 1867. 
 
 McDoiignll, John. — He was Acting Governor 
 of California from 1851 to 1852. 
 
 3IcDoivell, James. — He was born in Rock- 
 bridge County, Virginia, in 1796, and graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1817. He was Governor of Vir- 
 ginia from 1842 to 1845, and from 1845 to 1851 he was 
 a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh Con- 
 gressional District of Virginia. In 1846 his Alma 
 Slater conferred on him the degree of LL.D. He was 
 an eloquent speaker, an upright man, and a true 
 patriot. He died near Lexington, Virginia, August 
 24, 1851. 
 
 3IcDoivcU, James Foster. — Born in Mifflin 
 County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1825 ; went with 
 his parents to Ohio in 1835 ; served for a time in a 
 printing-office, during which apprenticeship he 
 studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-first 
 year, and his first office was that of County Attorney. 
 In 1851 he settled in Indiana, and established the 
 Marion Journal ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; 
 and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from In- 
 diana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 McDoiaell, Joseph. — Born in Winchester, 
 Virginia, and emigrated mth his father to North 
 Carolina, where ho took an active part in themili- 
 
 tary operations of the time, anii ^vas at the battle of 
 King's Mountain. He was a member of the House 
 of Commons from 1782 to 1788, and a Representative 
 in Congress from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1797 
 to 1799. 
 
 McDowell, Joseph J. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, and, on removing to Kentucky, was elected 
 a Representative m Congress from that State from 
 1S43 to 1847. 
 
 McDii/fle, Georye. — He was born in Columbia 
 County, Georgia, in 1788, was for a time a clerk in 
 Augusta ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 
 1813 ; adopted the profession of law ; served a num- 
 ber of years in the State Legislature ; was a Trustee 
 of his Alma Mater ; a Major of Militia ; was elected 
 a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina 
 in 1821, and served until 1835, wlieu he was chosen 
 Governor of the State. In 1843 he was elected a 
 Senator of the United States, but was compelled by 
 ill-health to resign that station before the expiration 
 of his term of office His ill-health was partly the 
 result of a duel, which he fought in Augusta, Geor- 
 gia, with Colonel dimming, in which he was wound- 
 ed. He was a co-worker and friend of Calhoun and 
 Hayne, and a eloquent defender of the peculiar in- 
 stitutions of the South. He died in Sumter District, 
 South Carolina, March 11, 1851. 
 
 McFatlden, Obatliah B. — He was bom in 
 
 Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1817 ; was by 
 profession a lawyer ; elected to the Legislature of 
 Pennsylvania in 1843 ; Prothonotary for the Court of 
 Common Pleas of Washington County in 1845 ; in 
 1853 appointed Associate Justice of the Supremo 
 Court for the Territory of Oregon ; in 1854 he was 
 appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for 
 Washington Territory ; in 1858 he was appointed 
 Chief Justice of the same, and discharged the duties 
 until 1861 ; represented his District in the Legislative 
 Council ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress 
 as a Delegate from Washington Territory. Died at 
 Olympia, Washington Territory, June 25, 1875. 
 
 McFarlan, Duncan. — A Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1807, and 
 subsequently a member of the State Senate for three 
 years. 
 
 3£cFarlan<l, Williant. — Born in Dandridge, 
 Jefferson County, Tennessee. September 15, 1821, his 
 father and grandfather having served their country 
 as soldiers ; educated in the old-time schools of the 
 country ; studied law, but owing to family circum- 
 stances was obliged to follow several business pur- 
 suits ; when the Rebellion opened, he sided with the 
 Union, and was imprisoned by the Confederates ; af- 
 ter the war he began to practice law ; became Judge 
 of the Circuit Court, and held various local positions, 
 and he was elected a Representative from Tennessee 
 to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 3IcGaiif/hei/, Edward W. — He was bom in 
 
 Indiana, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1847, and for another term 
 ending in 1851. Died August 18, 1852. 
 
 lilcGrafJi, A. G. — Was a native of South Caro- 
 lina, well educated, and while residing in Charleston, 
 was appointed Judge of the United States Court for 
 the District of South Carolina. 
 
 McGreiv, James C. — Bom in Preston County, 
 West Virginia, September 13, 1813 ; received a good 
 education ; worked on his father's farm, when not at 
 school, until 1833 ; then turned his attention to mer- 
 cantile pursuits, which he followed until 1861 ; was 
 
284 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 a Delegate in that year to the Richmond Convention, 
 and voted against the ordinance of secession ; with- 
 drew from tlie convention, and afterward, mth eleven 
 others, was expelled ; in 1863, 1804, and 1865, he was 
 elected to the Legislature of West Virginia, having 
 assisted in organizing the new State ; m 1860, he 
 withdrew his attention from public affairs, and de- 
 voted himself to the banking business ; was also a 
 Director of the West Virginia Hospital for tbe In- 
 sane ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from that State to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Freedmen's Affairs, and Roads 
 and Canals. Re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, 
 serving on several Committees. 
 
 McGreiv, J. M, — He was born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio ; received a good education in that city ; com- 
 menced active life by teaching school ; became Clerk 
 of the District Court in Clermont County in 185-1 ; 
 studied law, and soon came to the bar, practicing the 
 profession four years ; was appointed to a clerkship 
 in the Treasury Department by Secretary Chase ; be- 
 came C'hief Clerk in the office of the Sixth Auditor ; 
 and after a faithful service of twelve years as a Clerk, 
 was appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, entering 
 upon his duties as such, on the 1st of July, 1875. A 
 more satisfactory illustration of the happy effects of 
 the Civil Service Reform has seldom occurred in 
 Washington. 
 
 3fcGiiire, ff'i/fiam. — He was an early emi- 
 grant to the Territory of Mississippi, and in 1798 he 
 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States 
 Court for that District. 
 
 McHaffon, Robert, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Kentucky from 1836 to 1829. 
 
 McHeufji, Henry J).— He was bom in Hart- 
 ford, Kentucky, February 37, 1836 ; graduated at the 
 Transylvania School in 1845 ; was a member of the 
 State Legi.slature in 1851 and 1853 ; of the State Sen- 
 ate in 1801, 1863, 1863, and 1864 ; and again of the 
 House in 1865 and 1866 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 McHenry, .Tames. — He was born about the 
 year 1755 ; was liberally educated ; adojited the pro- 
 fession of medicine, but did not practice ; served in 
 the Revolutionary struggle as an Aid-de-Camp to 
 General Washington, and also to General Lafayette ; 
 was a Delegate from Maryland, to the Continental 
 Congress from 1783 to 1786 ; was a member of the 
 Convention that formed the Federal Constitution, 
 and signed that instrument ; was Secretary of War 
 from 1796 to 1801, having been appointed by Wash- 
 ington and continued in office by President Adams ; 
 but, as he opposed the policy of the Executive, he 
 was dismissed from the cabinet with Timothy Picker- 
 ing. The Fort near Baltimore was named as a com- 
 pliment to him 
 
 31cllenr!i, John H. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Mclfraine, Abraham S, — Bom in Crum 
 Creek, Delaware, August 14, 1804. He was bred a 
 farmer, in which pursuit he was eminently success- 
 ful ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1843 to 1849. Died "in Chester 
 Coimty, Pennsylvania, in August, 1863. 
 
 Mclfraine, .Toseph. — Was bom in Bristol, 
 Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1768 ; received a 
 good education, and was admitted to the bar in New 
 Jersey in 1791 ; he took an interest in military mat- 
 
 ters, and in 1798 attained the rank of Captain in 
 McPherson's Regiment of Blues ; in 1800 he was 
 elected Clerk of Burlington County, and held the 
 office twenty- four years ; in 1801 he was appointed, 
 by President Jefferson, Attorney of the United States 
 for New Jersey, which office he also held for twenty 
 years ; in 1804 he was appointed Aid-de Cam]) of the 
 Governor of New Jersey, with the title of Colonel ; in 
 1818 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court 
 of New Jersey, but declined the appointment ; and 
 he was a Senator in Congress from New Jersey from 
 1833 to 1830. having died in Burlington on the 19th 
 of August of the latter year. He was a man of high 
 character and great influence. 
 
 3IcIn(loe, Walter D, — Was born in Scotland, 
 March 30, 1819 ; emigrated to New York City in his 
 fifteenth year ; and was a clerk in a large mercantile 
 hou.se ; followed the same pursuit in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, and in St. Louis, Missouri, and sub- 
 sequently settled in Wisconsin, and engaged in the 
 lumber business ; served in the Wisconsin Legisla- 
 ture in 1850, 1854, and 1855 ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1856 and 1860 ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Wisconsin to the Thirty -seventh Con- 
 gress (in place of Luther Hanchett, deceased), and was 
 re-elected to the Thirt^'-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Indian Affairs and Revolutionary 
 Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions, and again on that on Indian Affairs. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 I 
 Mclntpre, Miifns. — Born in York, County of 
 York, Maiiie; December 19, 1874 ; received a common- 
 school education, and by teaching for two or three 
 years acquired the means to fit himself for college at 
 Soutli Berwick Academy, and graduated at Dart- 
 mouth in 1809. He studied law, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1813. In the mean time war was declared, 
 and he was appointed Captain of Militia, and remained 
 in service on the frontier until peace was declared, 
 after which he returned to the practice of his profes- 
 sion at Y'ork. He represented that town in the " Bruns- 
 wiclc Convention ; " and after the separation from Mas- 
 sachusetts, he was a Representative in the Legislature 
 at its first session ; he was then appointed County At- 
 torney, wliich office he held till elected to Congress as 
 Representative from Maine, serving from 1837 to 1835. 
 In 1836 he was a Commissioner for Settling the Bound- 
 ary Line of his State, and in 1836 was a member of the 
 Legislature, and was appointed Land Agent for two 
 years in 1839. He was subsequently United States 
 Marshal for Maine, and Surveyor of the Port of Port- 
 land four years. He was connected with two or three 
 academies as Overseer, and was a member of the 
 Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. Died in Par- 
 tonsfield, April 28, 1866. 
 
 Mrlnti/re, Archibald lliompson. — Was 
 
 born in Twiggs County, Georgia, October 27. 1833 ; 
 educated at the Thomasville Academy ; studied law at 
 Monticello, Florida, and Macon. Georgia ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature in 1849 ; a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of Georgia in 1865 ; 
 and was elected to the Forty-second Congress from 
 that State, serving on the Committee on Education 
 and Labor. 
 
 MCfTvnlcitl, Ebenezer,. — He was bom in Butler 
 Cotinty, Pennsylvania, March 28, 1819 ; graduated at 
 Jefferson College in 1841 ; studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1843 ; was a Delegate to the Na- 
 tional Republican Convention at Chicago in 1860 ; was 
 a Presiden.tial Elector in 1864 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL A N N A L, i 
 
 285 
 
 McKay, fjnmes J. — Born in Bladen County, 
 North Carolina, in 1T!)3. He was bred to the law, and 
 served from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate, and was 
 at one time United States District Attorney. He was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1849, and 
 was for a time Chairman of the Committee of Ways 
 and Means. At the " Baltimore Convention," in 1848, 
 which nominated Lewis Cass for President, he re- 
 ceived the vote of the North Carolina delegation as 
 Candidate for Vice-President. He died in Golds- 
 borough, North Carolina, September 14, 1853. 
 
 McKcan, James lied ell. — Born in Hoosic, 
 Rensselaer County, New York, August 5, 1821 ; dur- 
 ing his youth he worked upon his father's farm in 
 Saratoga County, receiving his education chiefly from 
 the district school and academies ; taught school for a 
 time, and became a School Superintendent for the 
 town where he lived ; served one term as a Professor 
 in Jonesville Academy ; was a Colonel of Infantry ; 
 he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; 
 in 1854 he was elected County Judge for Saratoga 
 County for four years; and in 1858 was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ex- 
 penditures in the State Department. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chaimian of 
 the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
 ment and on the Committee on Elections, as he had 
 done in the previous Congress. In 1861 he raised the 
 Seventy-seventh Regiment of New York Volunteers, 
 and commanded it in the Army of the Potomac. After 
 leaving Congress he was appointed Chief Justice of 
 Utah, but superseded in 1875, by I. C. Parker. 
 
 lUcKenn, Sniniiel. — He was born in Hunting- 
 ton County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1829, and 
 a Senator of the United States from 1833 to 1839. He 
 died June 23, 1840, in McKean County. He was a man 
 of talent and influence. 
 
 McKean, Thomas. — Bom in Chester County, 
 Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734 ; received a liberal edu- 
 cation, and adopted the profession of law. In 1762 
 he was elected to the Delaware Assembly, and con- 
 tinued in that station for eleven years ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the New York Congress in 1765 ; while hold- 
 ing the office of Chief Justice in Pennsylvania, he 
 was elected a Delegate from Delaware to the Con- 
 tinental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and from 1778 to 
 1783 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence 
 and of the Articles of Confederation ; was Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas in Delaware ; he served in 
 the army as a Colonel ; was a member of the Conven- 
 tion to form the Constitution of Delaware, and was the 
 author of that instrument ; he was also a member of 
 the Convention which formed the Constitution of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1790 ; and he was Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1799 to 1808. He was the only man who 
 served through all the sessions of the Continental 
 Congress, and was President of that body in 1781. 
 Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1817, leaving a high 
 reputation for patriotism and ability. 
 
 McKee, George C — He was born in Joliet, 
 Ulinois, October 2, 1837 ; educated at Knox College 
 and Lombard University ; admitted to the bar ; elected 
 Attorney of Centralia, Illinois, and practiced law ; 
 was a private in the Eleventh Illinois Infantry ; on the 
 reorganization for three years' service he was elected 
 Captain of his company ; served throughout the war 
 in various capacities and was wounded at Fort Don- 
 elson, Shiloh, and Vicksburg, commanding a picked 
 corjis during the siege of the last-mentioned place 
 when in command of his own regiment and other de 
 tachments on the Yazoo Expedition, he defeated the 
 assault at Yazoo City in 1864, after which he was 
 
 ordered, as Brigadier-General, to enroll and equip four 
 regiments of militia ; at the close of the war he set- 
 tled at Vicksburg, where he resumed the practice of 
 his profession ; was appointed Register in Bankruptcy 
 in 1867 ; a member of the Constitutional Convention 
 of Mississippi ; was elected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 but the State was refused admission ; and was re- 
 elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty- 
 third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Ter- 
 ritories, and Levees, and as Chairman of the former in 
 the last Congress. 
 
 McKee, .Joint, — He was born in Rockbridge 
 County, Virginia, and was at one time a Government 
 Agent among the Choctaw Indians, also a Commis- 
 sioner for Settling the Boundary Line of Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1823 to 1829. 
 
 McKee, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1809 to 1817. 
 
 McKee, Samuel, — He was bom in Montgomery 
 County, Kentucky, November 4, 1833 ; received a 
 common-school education, attending school in winter 
 and working upon his father's farm the balance of the 
 year; graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1857, 
 and also at the Cincinnati Law School in 1858, since 
 which time he has been devoted to the practice of law. 
 He served in the Uni<m anny as Captain of the Four- 
 teenth Kentucky Cavalry from 1862 to 1864, having 
 been a prisoner in Libby Prison for thirteen months ; 
 and in 1865 he was elected a Representative from 
 Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Claims, Expenses in the Interior 
 Department, and the Special Committee on the 
 Civil Service. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 
 McKenuan, Thomas 31. T. — He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1831 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843, and' died at Read- 
 ing, July 9, 1852. He was a lawyer by profession ; 
 Secretary of the Interior Department under President 
 Fillmore for a brief period ; and the father of Wil- 
 liam McKennan. 
 
 McKennan. William. — He was the son of 
 Thomas M. T. McKennan, and born in Washington, 
 Pennsylvania, September 27, 1816 ; graduated at 
 Wa.shington College in 1833 ; studied law with his 
 father and came to the bar in 1837 ; joined his lather 
 in the practice of law and remained with him until 
 his death ; in 1869 he was appointed Circuit Judge of 
 the United States for the Third Circuit. His only 
 other public position was that of Commissioner from 
 Pennsylvania to the Peace Conference of 1861. 
 
 McKennei/, Thomas Lorraine. — Born at 
 Hopewell, Chestertown, Maryland, March 21, 1785 ; 
 received a good education at Washington College, in 
 his native town, and was bred a merchant, which 
 business he followed in Georgetown, District of Co- 
 lumbia. In 1816 he was appointed by President 
 Madison Superintendent of Indian Afl^airs ; in 1824 he 
 was appointed to preside over the Bureau of Indian 
 Affairs, then for the first time organized in the War 
 Department. In 1826 was a Special Commissioner 
 with Lewis Cass to negotiate an important treaty 
 with the Chippewa Indians at Fond du Lac, in the 
 Territory of Michigan. In 1827 he published a "Tour 
 to the Lakes," with Illustrations, and also originated 
 and published, in connection with James Hall, a 
 " History of the Indian Tribes," a very splendid 
 work in three folios, illustrated with one hundred 
 and twenty colored Indian portraits. He also pub- 
 lished in 1846, two volumes, entitled " Memoirs, 
 Official and Personal, with Sketches of Travel among 
 
SSo 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 the Northern and Southern Indians." He was at one 
 time a Colonel iu the mUitia. He died at New York, 
 February 20, 1858. 
 
 McKenfif, Jacob K. — He was born in Doug- 
 lassville, Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1827 ; grad- 
 uated at Yale College in 1848, and at Yale Law 
 School in 1850 ; settled in Reading, and commenced 
 the practice of law in 1851 ; in 1856 he was elected 
 District Attorney for Berks County ; and was elected 
 a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. Swartz, 
 deceased. Died in Douglassville, Berks Countv, 
 January 3, 1866. 
 
 Mclienzie, Lewis. — He was born in Alex- 
 andria, Virginia, in 1810 ; received a common educa- 
 tion ; served three terms in the State Legislature ; was 
 Mayor of Alexandria during the first year of the War 
 of the Rebellion ; President of the Alexandria, Lou- 
 don, and Hampshire Railroad, and of the First Na- 
 tional Bank of Alexandria ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on several Committees. 
 
 McKeon.tToIin, — He was born in New York, 
 and was educated a lawyer. In 1833, 18.33, and 1834 
 he served in the Legislature of New York, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 
 to 1837, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was twice 
 appointed United States District Attorney for the 
 Southern District of New York. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the 
 Philadelphia '• National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 
 McKibbin, .Tosepfi C. — He was bom in Penn- 
 sylvania ; and having taken up his residence in Cali- 
 fornia, was elected a Representative from that State 
 to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of 
 the Committees on Public Lands and on Private Land 
 Claims. 
 
 McKim, Alexander. — Bom 1748, and died at 
 Baltimore. January 18. 1833. He was a member of 
 Congress from Maryland from 1809 to 1815. 
 
 McKim , Isaac. — He was a much respected and 
 wealthy merchant of Baltimore ; a member of Con- 
 gress from Maryland from 1823 to 1825, and again 
 from 1833 to 1838 ; and died in Washington, April 1, 
 1838. 
 
 McKinleij, ,Tohn. — Bom in Virginia ; removed 
 to Kentucky, thence to Alabama, and was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Alabama from 1826 to 1837. In 
 1837 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, and died in Louisville, 
 Kentucky, July 19, 1852. 
 
 McKinfei/, JTifliatn.—He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Virginia from 1810 to 1811. 
 
 McKiii ney, .Toh n F.—Re wa'; born near Piqua, 
 Ohio, April 12, 1827 ; spent his boyhood chiefly on a 
 farm ; received an academic education, and spent one 
 year at the Ohio Wesleyan University ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; and, in 1862, he was elected a 
 Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Unfinished Busi- 
 ness and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Forty-sec- 
 ond Congress, serving on several Committees. 
 
 yicKissock, Thomas, — He was bom in Ulster 
 County, New York, in 1798. He received a classical 
 education ; was bred first to the medical and after- 
 wards to the legal profession ; was, under the old or- 
 ganization, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New 
 York ; and a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 
 1851. 
 
 McKnifihf, Hoberf. — Bom in Pittsburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1820 ; graduated at Princeton College, in 
 1839 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1842 ; from 1847 to 1849, both inclusive, he was a 
 member of the City Council of Pittsburg, and, the 
 last two years, President of that body : and was elected 
 a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a memberof the Conimittee 
 on Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Afilairs 
 and on Public Buildings. 
 
 JtlcLane. •Jeremiah. — He was bom in 1767, and 
 died in Washington City, March 19, 1837. He was a 
 soldier of the Revolution, settled iuOhio in 1790; was 
 for twenty-one years Secretery of State of Ohio, and 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1833 to 1837. 
 
 3IcL,aite. Louis. — He was bom in Smvma, Kent 
 County, Delaware, ilay28, 1784. ^Vhen twelve years 
 of age he was appointed a midshipman in the navy, 
 on leaving which, in 1801, he studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar In 1807 : in 1812 he was a volun- 
 
 ' teer in a company commanded by Csesar H, Rodney, 
 and marched to the relief of Baltimore wlien threat- 
 ened by the British. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Delaware from 1817 to 1827 ; and was cho- 
 sen by the Legislature a Senator in Congress from 
 1827 to 1829 ; was appointed, in 1829, by President 
 Jackson, Minister to England, where he remained two 
 
 : years ; and, in 1831, he received the appointment of 
 Secretary of the Treasury ; and, in 1833, that of Sec- 
 
 ! retary of State, under President Jackson. In June, 
 
 ' 1834, he retired from political life, and, in 1837, was 
 chosen President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
 Company, and, removing to Maryland, discharged the 
 duties of that office until 1847. During the adminis- 
 tration of President Polk he accepted the mission to 
 England while the Oregon negotiations were pending ; 
 
 i after which he returned to Maryland, and, in 1850, 
 represented Cecil County in the " State Constitutional 
 Convention," and then retired to private lite. He 
 held a high rank as a statesman, and died in Balti- 
 more, Maryland, in 1857. 
 
 McLnne. Hoberf .V. — Bom in Delaware, June 
 23. 1815 ; was educated at Washington College, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, and at St. Mary's College, Balti- 
 more ; went to Europe with his father, Louis McLane, 
 in 1829, and on his return entered the West Point 
 Academy, which he left in 1837 ; he served as an 
 army officer in Florida, the Cherokee country, and in 
 the North-west : in 1843 he was admitted to the bar 
 of Baltimore ; in 1845 and 1846 was elected to the 
 Maryland Legislature ; and from 1847 to 1851 was a 
 Representative in Congress from JIaryland ; in 1832 
 he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce Minister to China, and on 
 his return resumed the practice of his profession in 
 Baltimore ; in March, 1859, he was appointed by Pres- 
 ident Buchanan Minister to Mexico, but resigned in 
 November, 1860. 
 
 3/r l,ea n , Alnet/. — He was bom in Burke County, 
 North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Kentucky from 1815 to 1817, and again from 
 1819 to 1821. 
 
 McLean, Finis E. — He was bom in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1831. 
 
 McLean, John. — Bom in Morris County, New 
 Jersey, in 1785. Four years after his birth his father 
 emigrated with his family to Virginia, whence he re- 
 moved to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State 
 of Ohio. Here the son received a scanty education ; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 287 
 
 and, having- determined to pursue the leg-al profession 
 he enfrasred at the age of eighteen to write in the 
 Clerk's office at Cincinnati, in order to maintain him- 
 self, by devoting a portion of his time to that labor 
 while engaged in his studies ; in 1807 he was admit- 
 ted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law 
 at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1812 he became a candidate to 
 represent his district in Congress, and was elected by 
 a large majority. He professed the political principles 
 of the Democratic Party, being an ardent supporter of 
 the war and of President Madison's administration ; 
 in 1814 he was again elected to Congress by a unani- 
 mous vote — a circumstance of rare occurrence — and 
 remained a member of the House of Representatives 
 until 1S16, when, the Legislature of Ohio having 
 elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State, he resigned his seat in Congress at the close of 
 the session. He remained six years upon the Supreme 
 Bench of Ohio ; in 1823 he was appointed Commis- 
 sioner of the General Land Office by President Mon- 
 roe ; and in 1823 he became Postmaster-General ; in 
 the year 1829 he was appointed by President Jackson 
 a Justice of the United States Supreme Court, after 
 he had refused the office of the War and Xavy Depart- 
 ments. He entered upon the discharge of his judicial 
 duties at the January Term of 1830, and died at Cin- 
 cinnati, April 4, 1861. 
 
 3Irl,prin, tTohn. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina in 17111; removed with his father to Logan Coun- 
 ty, Kentucky, in 1795 : received a limited education ; 
 studied law, and in 181.5 removed to Shawneetown, 
 Illinois, to practice ; in 1818 was elected a Repre.sent- 
 ative to Congress from Illinois and served one term ; 
 he was several times a member of tlie State Legisla- 
 ture and frequently Speaker of the House ; from 
 1824 to 182.5 was elected United States Senator, to fill 
 a vacancy ; and was again elected in 1829 for the 
 term ending in 1833 ; but died October 4, 1830, in 
 Illinois. 
 
 McLean, Samuel. — He was elected a Delegate 
 from the Territory of Montana to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 McTjean, Jf'ilHam. — He was a native of Morris 
 County. New Jersey ; a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1823 to 1829, and died at Cincinnati, 
 October 12, 1839. He was a brother of Judge McLean, 
 and when in Congress was mainly instrumental in 
 procuring an appropriation of half a million of acres 
 of land for the extension of the Ohio Canal from Cin- 
 cinnati to Cleveland. After his service in Congress 
 he was engaged in business in Cincinnati. 
 
 McLean, William P. — He was bom in Hinds 
 County, Mississippi, August 9, 1836 ; removed to 
 Texas in 1839 ; graduated at the University of North 
 Carolina in 1857 ; studied law there ; was elected to 
 the Legislature of Texas in 1861, and resigned to en- 
 ter the Confederate Army, in which he served until 
 the close of the war ; was again a member of the 
 Legislature in 1869, and was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri- 
 culture and Public Buildjugs. 
 
 McLellan, Geortfe W, — He was born in Maine, 
 and appointed from Massachusetts to a clerkship in 
 the General Post-Office, and in 1861 he was appointed 
 Second Assistant Postmaster General, remaining in 
 office until 1869. 
 
 McMahon, .Tohn A. — Bom in Frederick Coun- 
 ty, Maryland, February 19, 1833 ; educated at St. 
 Xavier's College, Cincinnati, Ohio, graduated in 1849; 
 studied law with C. L. Vallandigham ; admitted to 
 practice in 1854 ; entered into partnership with Mr. 
 
 I Vallandigham the same year, and continued in his 
 office till 1868 ; was Delegate at Large from Ohio to 
 the Baltimore Convention of 1872 ; held no official po- 
 sition until elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Forty fourth Congress. 
 
 McMahon. Martin F. — He was a citizen of 
 New York, and in 1868 was appointed Minister Resi- 
 dent, to Paraguay, where he remained only about one 
 year. 
 
 McMatius, William.— Ue-w&s bom in Rensse- 
 laer County, New York, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827. 
 
 McMartin, J, L, — He was a citizen of North 
 Carolina, and in 1848 was appointed Chargi' d'Affaires 
 to the Papal States, and died at his post August 26, 
 
 11848. 
 
 i McMichael , Willi a tn. — He was bom in Penn- 
 sylvania ; received a good education and studied law; 
 and in 1871 he was appointed Assistant Attorney- 
 General of the United States, holding the position 
 until 1873. 
 
 i 3IcMillan. Samuel J. Ji. — Born at Browns- 
 I ville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 22, 
 ' 1826 ; removed in early infancy to Pittsburg ; grad- 
 uated at Duquesne College, Pittsburg, in 1846 : ad- 
 mitted to the Pittsburg Bar in 1849 ; removed to 
 Minnesota Territory in 18.52 ; elected Judge of the 
 First Judicial District of the State o£ Minnesota in 
 1857, and entered upon the duties of that position on 
 the admission of the State into the Union by Congress 
 i in 1858 ; in 1864 he was appointed Associate Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the State to fill a vacancy ; 
 in 1864 elected to the same position for a full term, 
 at the expiration of which he was re-elected for an- 
 other term ; resigned in 1874, and was appointed Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy, and 
 re-elected for a full term, but resigned to take a seat 
 in the Senate of the United States for the term end- 
 ing in 1881. 
 
 McMin, Josejth. — He was Governor of Tennes- 
 see from 1815 to 1821. Died at the Cherokee Agency, 
 November 17, 1824. 
 
 McMallen, Fayette. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1855, and in May, 1857, he was a]ipointed 
 by President Buchanan Governor of the Territory of 
 Washington ; was a Delegate to the New York Con- 
 vention of 1868. 
 
 McXair, Alexander. — Born in Pennsylvania ; 
 was appointed Lieutenant of Infantry in 1799 ; dis 
 banded in 1800 ; was an early emigrant to Missouri 
 Territory ; Adjutant and Inspector-General in 1812 ; 
 Colonel of Missouri Militia in the United States service 
 in 1813 ; held also an important office in the Indian 
 Department ; was Governor of Missouri from 1820 to 
 1824. Died May, 1826. 
 
 McXair, tTohn. — He was bom in Pennsylvania 
 in 1800, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1831 to 1855. Died at Evansport, 
 Prince William County, Virginia, in August, 1861. 
 
 McXairi/, .Tolin. — He was born in 1762; and 
 not long after prepared himself for the life of a law- 
 yer: was, about the year 1792, appointed Circuit Judge 
 of the United States for the District of Tennef5.see, 
 which office he filled with credit to himself and most 
 advantageously for the Government until his death, 
 which occurred at Nashville, November 12, 1837. 
 
288 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 McNeely, Thompson W. — He was born in 
 Jacksonville, Illinois, October 5, 1833 ; graduated at 
 Lombard University, and afterwards at the Law De- 
 partment of the Louisville University ; was a member 
 of the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1863 ; and 
 in 1868, he was elected a Representative from Illinois 
 to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving 
 on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Edu- 
 cation, and Labor. 
 
 Mcyiel, Archibald. — Born in Cumberland 
 County, North Carolina ; entered the House of Com- 
 mons in 1808 ; re-elected in 1809 ; served in the State 
 Senate in 1811 and 1815, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1831 to 1833, and 
 again from 1835 to 1827. 
 
 McNulta, John. — He was born in New York 
 city November 9, 1837 ; received an academic educa- 
 tion ; studied law ; served in the army from 1861 to 
 1863, as Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General ; was a 
 member of the Legislature of the State from 1869 to 
 1873 ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 3IcXulty, Caleb J. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 in 1843 was elected Clerk of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives and remained in the position imtil 1845. 
 
 McKtitt, Alexander G. — Born in Rockbridge 
 County, Virginia, in 1801 ; graduated at Washington 
 College, Virginia ; in 1834 removed to Jackson, Mis- 
 sissippi, and subsequently to Vieksburg, wher& he 
 practiced law ; in 1833 he was elected to the State 
 Senate from Warren County ; was Governor of the 
 State from 1837 to 1841. Died in De Soto County, 
 Mississippi, October 23, 1848. 
 
 3JrPherson, Edward. — Bom in Gettysburg, 
 Adams County, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1830 ; grad- 
 uated at Pennsylvania College in 1848 ; devoted some 
 attention to the printing business, and edited a paper at 
 Harrisburg in 1851, and for several years afterwards. 
 On account of his health he subsequently turned his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits ; and in 1858 was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-sixth-Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Public Buildings and Grounds, and Naval Affairs. 
 He has delivered many public addresses on literary 
 and other topics, and is the author of two series of 
 letters touching the internal affairs of his native State. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on the Library, and as a 
 member of the Committee on Military Affairs ; and 
 in 1863 he was appointed Deputy Commissioner of 
 the Revenue in the Treasury Department ; and on the 
 meeting of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was elected 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives, and re-elected 
 Clerk for the Thirty-ninth Congress. During his last 
 term in Congress he was a Regent of the Smithsonian 
 Institution ; he was also a member and Secretary of 
 the " Union National Committee," from 1860 to 1864, 
 and was re-elected Clerk of the House for the Fortieth 
 Congress ; in 1864 he published " The Political History 
 of the United States of America during the Great Re- 
 bellion ;" also "A Political Manual for 1866 ;" and 
 subsequently devoted much of his attention to form- 
 ing an Analytical Collection of the Political Litera- 
 ture of tlie Great Rebellion, consisting of pamphlets 
 and newspapers, which has been pronounced unique 
 and of great value. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and 
 in 1867 received from Pennsylvania College the degree 
 of LL.D. 
 
 McQiieeti, .Tohn.^lie was born in Robinson 
 County, North Carolina, in 1808. He claimed descent, 
 in a dLi'ect line, from the heroic Robert Bruce of Scot- 
 
 land, and his father, James McQueen, was a nephew 
 of the celebrated Flora McDonald. He received a, 
 good education under the guidance of an elder 
 brother. Rev. A. McQueen, who was a graduate of 
 Chapel Hill University, North Carolina. He com- 
 menced the study of law in bis native State, and com- 
 pleted his course of study in South Carolina, to which 
 he removed at an early day. He was admitted to the 
 bar in 1838, and, having settled in Marlborough Dis- 
 trict, he there commenced, and ever after, as his 
 public calls permitted, continued the practice of his 
 profession with success. During the Nullification 
 times of 1833 he was elected a Colonel of the State 
 Militia ; in 1834 a Brigadier-General ; and in 1835 a 
 Major-General, which last position he held for ten 
 years, and then resigned. lie was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress in 1849, and was a member down 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on leading com- 
 mittees. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 Withdrew in December, 1860, and joined the Rebel- 
 lion. Died at Society Hill, South Carolina, September 
 13, 1867. 
 
 3IcQlieen, 3IcIntosh. — ^Ile was an early emi- 
 grant to Florida, and was appointed a Judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of Florida. 
 
 McHae, John J, — He was born in Wayne 
 County, Mississippi ; received a good education ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was elected frequent- 
 ly to the State Legislature, and during two sessions 
 oiBciated as Speaker ; was also elected to the State 
 Senate ; was, in 1851, by appointment, for a short 
 time in the United States Senate ; was Governor of 
 Mississippi from 1854 to 1858 ; and was elected to the 
 second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress from Mis- 
 sissippi, as the successor to General Quitman ; and 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Military Affairs. Joined the 
 Great Rebellion in 1861. Died at Belize, British 
 Honduras, May 30, 1868. 
 
 McHeadi/, James. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Ci>rolina from 1819 to 1831. 
 
 3IcRoberfs, Samuel.— Re was a Senator in 
 Congress from Illinois from 1841 to the time of his 
 death, which occurred March 27, 1843, in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, aged about forty years. He was a native of 
 Illinois, educated at Transylvania University ; was a 
 lawyer by profession ; held the office of Judge of one 
 of the higher Courts ; was a member of the Illinois 
 Senate ; and held the position of District Attorney 
 for the United States in Illinois. 
 
 McRiier, Donald C. — He was born in Maine 
 in 1836 ; educated at public schools and academies ; 
 adopted the mercantile profession ; and having 
 emigrated to California, filled the office of Harbor 
 Commissioner for that State, and in 1864 was elected 
 a Representative from California to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, 
 and the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 
 
 3IcSherr!/, James. — He was a native of Adams 
 County, Pennsylvania ; served twenty years in the 
 Legislature of that State ; was a Delegate to refonu 
 the Constitution of the same ; and a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1833. 
 Died at Littlestown, Pennsylvania, February 3, 1849. 
 
 3Ic Vean, Charles. — He was born at Johnstown, 
 New York, in 1803, and died in the City of New 
 York, December 30, 1848. He was bred to the law, 
 which he practiced with success in Montgomery 
 County, until he removed to New York. He held 
 the office of Surrogate ; served as a Representative 
 in Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and at the time of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 289 
 
 his death was District Attorney for Southern New 
 Tork. 
 
 Mc Willie, Will in n> . — He was born in Kershaw 
 District, South Carolina, November 17, 1795 ; grad- 
 uated at the South Carolina College in 1817 ; adopted 
 the profession of law ; came to the bar in 1818 ; was 
 an Adjutant of Militia ; was a Representative and 
 Senator in the Legislature of South Carolina ; and on 
 removing to Mississippi in 1845, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1841) to 
 1851. He was also President of a bank for several 
 years ; and elected Governor of the State in 1858. 
 Was active during the Rebellion as a Confederate. 
 Died in Kirkwood, March 3, 1869. 
 
 Meachain, James. — Bom in Rutland, Ver- 
 mont, in 1810 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 
 183'J : was tutor there ; studied theology ; was settled 
 in New Haven, Vermont ; was called from his parish 
 to the Professorship of Elocution and English Litera- 
 ture in Middlebury College, when, in 1849, he was 
 elected a Representative in Congress, and twice re- 
 elected. At the time of his death, August 23, 1856, 
 he was a member of Congress and a Regent of the 
 Smithsonian Institution. 
 
 Mead, Cowl en, — He was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Georgia, in 1805, but his elec- 
 tion was successfully contested by Thomas Spalding ; 
 and in 1806 he was appointed by President Jefferson 
 Secretary of Mississippi Territory. 
 
 Meade, Edivin B, — Born in Norwich, Chenango 
 County, New York, July 6, 1836 ; received an 
 academic education ; studied law, admitted to prac- 
 tice in 1858, and settled m New York city, and was 
 elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Meade, Hichard K. — He was bom in Virginia ; 
 received a liberal education, and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; he was a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1847 to 1853 ; was appointed, by 
 President Pierce, in 1853, Charge d'Affaires to Sar- 
 dinia ; and in 1857 was appointed by President 
 Buchanan Minister to Brazil, which mission he held 
 untU 1861. Died in April, 1863. 
 
 Means, ,John H. — He was a native of South 
 Carolina ; Governor of that State from 1850 to 1852 ; 
 a Colonel in the Confederate Armv ; and was killed at 
 the second battle of Bull Run, August 28, 1863. In 
 some records he is mentioned by the name of Isaac. 
 
 Mebane, Alexander. — Bora in Hawfield, 
 Orange Coimty, North Carolina, November 26, 1767, 
 and died July 5, 1795. He was a member of the Con- 
 vention, in 1770, that met to form the State Constitu- 
 tion ; served a number of years in the Legislature ; 
 and was in Congress during the years 1793 and 1794, 
 from North Carolina. He was distinguished for his 
 sense, integrity, and firmness. 
 
 Medary, Samuel. — Bora in Montgomery 
 Coimty, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1801 ; had a 
 limited education, and became a printer ; was for 
 many years editor of the Ohio Stfitesmmi ; and estab- 
 lished the Columhus Crisis, which he conducted until 
 his death ; was Governor of the Territory of Minnesota 
 in 1857 and 1858 ; Governor of Kansas in 1859 and 
 1860 ; and was a "Peace Democrat" during the Re- 
 bellion. Died at Columbus, Ohio, November 7, 1864. 
 
 Med ill, William. — He was bom in New Castle 
 County, Delaware ; received an academical education ; 
 he studied law, and, having removed to Ohio, was 
 admitted to the bar of that State in 1833 ; he was 
 soon after elected to the State Legislature, serving a 
 
 number of years, and was twice elected Speaker ; he 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1839 to 1843 ; by President Polk he was 
 appointed First Assistant Postmaster-General, and 
 subsequently held the otiice of Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs ; in 1850 he was a member of the Con- 
 vention called to revise the State Constitution, and 
 chosen Chainnan ; in 1851 and 1853 he was elected 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio ; in 1853 he was elected 
 Governor of Ohio ; and, by President Buchanan, was 
 appointed First Comptroller of the United States 
 Treasury. Died at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Septem- 
 ber 2, 1865. 
 
 Meeeh, Ezra. — He was born in New London, 
 Connecticut, July 26, 1773 ; was associated in early 
 life with John Jacob Astor in the fur trade ; in 1806 
 became agent of the Northwest Fur Company ; and 
 in 1800 was agent for supplying the British Govern- 
 ment with spars and timber. Having settled in Ver- 
 mont, he was, in 1832 and 1823, elected Chief Justice 
 of Chittenden County ; and was a member of the 
 " Constitutional Conventions " of 1832 and 1826. He 
 was elected in 1805 and 1807, to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Vermont from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1825 to 
 1837. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. Dur- 
 ing the latter years of his life he was devoted to agri- 
 cultural pursuits, and owned one farm, kept in a high 
 state of cultivation, which contained three thousand 
 acres, and upon which have been seen a tlock of three 
 thousand sheep and a herd of eight hundred oxen. 
 He was remarkable for his intelligence and hospi- 
 tality, and not less so for his personal appearance, 
 as he measured six feet five inches in height, and 
 weighed three hundred and seventy pounds ; and, 
 strange as it may seem, he was one of the most ex- 
 pert trout-fishers in the country. He died at Shel- 
 bume, Vermont, September 23, 1856. 
 
 3Ieehan, 'To/in S. — He was born in New York 
 in 1793 ; received a good education, and settled in 
 Washington City at an early day, and was the Libra- 
 rian of Congress from 1829 to the time of his death, 
 which occurred in 1861. He had an extensive knowl- 
 edge of books, and was popular in his official position. 
 
 Meeker, Benjamin H. — He was an early emi- 
 grant to the Territory of Minnesota, and in 1850 he 
 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for 
 that District. 
 
 31eiffs, Henri/. — Bom in New Haven, Connecti- 
 cut, October 28, 1783 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1798 ; educated a lawyer, and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York city from 1819 
 to 1831, and for many years was an active officer, ^^ 
 Recording Secretary, and Trustee of the American 
 Institute in New York. It was said of him as some- 
 thing remarkable, that he never wore an overcoat, 
 never had a sore throat or headache, and, when seventy 
 years of age, did not use glasses. Died in New York, 
 May 30, 1861. 
 
 31eiffs, Josiali. — He was the second man ap- 
 pointed to be Commissioner of the General Land Office 
 in Washington, having been appointed in 1814, and 
 remaining in office until 1832. 
 
 Bleigs, Kef urn J. — Was a native of Middle- 
 town, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1785, and was a lawyer by profession. He removed 
 to Ohio, and became a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 the State ; was a Senator in Congress from ISOS to 
 1810 ; and was Governor of the State from 1810 to 
 1814. He was appointed Postmaster-General of the 
 United States in 1814, and held the otiice nine years. 
 He died at Marietta, March 29,, 1825. 
 
290 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Mellen, Edivard, — He was a native of Way- 
 land, Middlesex County, Massachusetts ; graduated at 
 Brown University, and took a partial course at Har- 
 vard ; studied law and came to tlie bar for practice ; 
 in 1847 he was appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 Court of Common Pleas ; and in 1854 became Chief 
 Justice, which position he held until that court was 
 abolished, after which he returned to the practice of 
 his profession in Worcester ; and he died at Wayland, 
 May 31, 1875. 
 
 Mcllen, Prentiss. — Bom in Sterling, Massachu- 
 setts, October 11, 1764 ; graduated at Cambridge in 
 1784 ; studied law, and settled at Bridgewater ; in 
 1793 he became a citizen of Biddeford, Maine, and in 
 1806 settled at Portland. In 1817 he was chosen a 
 Senator in CongTess from Massachusetts ; also a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1817 ; and on the separation of 
 Maine, in 1830, he resigned his seat in the Senate, 
 and was elected the first Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Maine. He occupied a high position as a 
 lawyer and jurist ; and in 1834, after becoming dis- 
 qualified by age to serve as judge, he resumed the 
 practice of law. His decisions may be found in the 
 first eleven volumes of the Maine Reports. He was 
 also a Trustee of Bowdoiu College from 1817 to 1836 ; 
 and in 1838 received the degree of LL.D. from that 
 iustitutiou. He died at Portland, December 31, 1840. 
 
 jU('//i.sh, David J5.— Bom in Oxford, Massachu- 
 setts, January 2, 1831 ; received a good English edu- 
 cation ; worked in a printing-office for a time, and 
 then taught a school ; served two years as a proof- 
 reader in the office of the New York Tribune ; was 
 for several years a stenographer for the civil authori- 
 ties, and also wrote for the newspapers ; in 1871 he 
 was appointed an Assistant Appraiser in the Custom 
 Hou,se ; 1873 he was elected a Representative to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions ; and having been takeu suddenly 
 ill, died at the Government Hospital for the Insane, 
 May 33, 1874. 
 
 Menifee, Hirhavd H. — He was a member of 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1839, and died 
 at Fraukfort, February 31, 1841. 
 
 3Ie)izies, •John W, — Was born in Fayette Coun- 
 ty, Kentucky, April 13, 1819 ; graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia in 1840 ; studied law and came to 
 the bar in 1841, establishing himself in Covington, 
 Kentucky, where he has ever since practiced his pro- 
 fession. In 1848 and 1855 he was elected to the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of Kentucky ; and in 1861 he was 
 elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thir- 
 ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Elections and Unfinished Business. He was also a 
 Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 18G4. 
 
 Mercer, Charles Fentoii. — Born in Freder- 
 icksburg, Virginia, June 6, 1778 ; graduated at Prince- 
 ton in 1797. In 1798, while a student of law, he ten- 
 dered his services to General Washington for the 
 defense of the country against a threatened invasion 
 by the French, and received from him a commission 
 as First Lieutenant of Cavalry, and soon after that of 
 Captain, which he declined, not intending to devote 
 his life to the military profession. In 1803, after 
 spending a year in Europe, he returned and practiced 
 law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a member of the 
 General Assembly of Virginia. In 1811 he was again 
 called to military duty by the General Government ; 
 and in 1813 was appointed Aid to the Governor, and 
 rose to the rank of Brigadier-General of Militia, hav- 
 ing command of the forces at Norfolk. In 1816, as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Finance, in the Legis- 
 lature, he devoted his time to the promotion of inter- 
 nal improvements, and was chief supporter of the 
 
 measure for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and was 
 appointed President of the Canal Company. He was 
 a member of Congress from 1817 to 1840. In 1853 he 
 visited Europe from philanthropic motives, at his 
 own expense, and used his efforts for the entire aboli- 
 tion of the African slave-trade, conferring with the 
 chief executive officers of most of the kingdoms of 
 Europe on the subject. He died at Howard, near 
 Alexandria, Virginia, Slay 4, 1858. 
 
 Mercer, James, — Born in Hampshire County, 
 Virginia ; graduated at William and Marj' College in 
 1767 ; was a member of the House of Burgesses ; a 
 member of all the Virginia Conventions, and of the 
 Committee of Safety ; was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress in 1779 and 1780 ; and a Judge of 
 Admiralty, and of the First Court of Appeals in Vir- 
 ginia. Died in 1793, aged about fifty years. 
 
 3Iercer, ,Tohn F. — He was a soldier of the Re- 
 volution ; was a member of the old Congress from 
 Virginia from 1783 to 1785 ; was a member, from 
 Maryland, of the Convention which formed the Fed- 
 eral Constitution, but did not sign that instrument ; 
 a Representative in the new Congress from 1793 to 
 1794 ; Governor of Maryland from 1801 to 1803 ; also 
 a member of the Legislature of that State ; and died 
 at Philadelphia, August 30, 1831, in the sixty-fourth 
 year of his age. 
 
 Mercii.r, Ulysses, — He was bom in Towanda, 
 Bradford County, Pennsylvania, August 13, 1818 ; 
 graduated at Jefferson College in 1843 ; studied law 
 while in college, and came to the bar in 1843 ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1860 ; in March, 1861, he was 
 appointed President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial 
 District of Pennsylvania, and elected to the ollice in 
 October following for a term of ten years, but which 
 he resigned on being elected, in 1864, a Representa- 
 tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the District of Colum- 
 bia and Southern Railroads ; re-elected to the For- 
 tieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Claims, Judiciary, and Mileage. 
 
 Meredith, Samuel. — He was born in Philadel- 
 phia in 1750 ; was among the first to espouse the 
 cause of the Revolution, in which he served and suf- 
 fered, and acquitted himself ^ith credit at the battles 
 of Trenton and Princeton ; and he was one of those 
 who enjoyed the confidence and friendship of Wash- 
 ington. He served for a time in the Colonial Legisla- 
 ture of Pennsylvania ; was a Delegate from that 
 State to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788 ; 
 and on the organization of the Federal Government 
 he was appointed, by President Washington, Treas- 
 urer of the United States, in which oilice he continued 
 until 1801, when he resigned. He died at Belmont, 
 his seat in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, in 1817. lie 
 and his brother-in-law, George Clymer, gave £16,000 
 in silver to carry on the War. 
 
 Meredith . William M. — He was born in Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1799 ; received aliberal 
 education ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1837 ; was 
 Secretary of the Treasury from 1849 to 1850 ; Attorney 
 General of Pennsylvania from 1861 to 1867 ; Presi- 
 dent of the State Constitutional Convention of 1873 ; 
 and died in Philadelphia, which had always been his 
 residence, August 17, 1873. 
 
 MeriircfJier^ Da rid, — Bom in Virginia in 1755 ; 
 he was a Lieutenant in the Revoluti nary Army, 
 served in New Jersey, and was taken prif.oner ai 
 tlie siege of Savannah. In 1785, settled in Wilke ; 
 County, Georgia, which he several terms represented 
 in the Legislature. He was a representative in Con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 291 
 
 gess from that State from 1803 to 1807 ; and a •warm 
 supporter of Jefferson, who appointed him a Commis- 
 sioner to treat with the Creek Indians. He also, with 
 General .Jackson and Governor McMin of Tennessee, 
 concluded a treaty with the Cherokees by which a 
 large Territory west of the Appalachee River was 
 ceded to the United States. He died near Athens, 
 Georgia, in November, 1833. 
 
 Meriwether, Darid, — He -was a Senator in 
 Congress from Kentucky, by appointment, for one 
 session, in 18.53, and was appointed by President 
 Pierce, May 6, 1853, Governor of the Territory of 
 New Mexico. 
 
 ]Heriiref/ier, is^^i. — He ivas born in Georgia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Hferiiretlier, James, — He was born in Wilkes 
 County, Georgia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Georgia from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 MerrifDil, CUnton L, — He was born in Ley- 
 den, New York, March 25, 1S34 ; received an academic 
 education ; engaged in banking and mercantile pur- 
 suits ; removed to New York city in 1847, where he 
 conducted an importing and jobbing business, and in 
 1860 established a banking and stock-commission 
 house, from which he retired in 1864 ; was elected to 
 the Forty-second and Forty third Congresses, serving 
 on the Committee on Banking and Currency. 
 
 Merricic, WilUaiti D, — He was bom in Mary- 
 land ; filled several prominent positions in the State 
 of Maryland, and served in the United States Senate 
 from 1838 to 1845. He died in Washington, District 
 of Columbia, February 5, 1857, at an advanced age. 
 He was the author of tlie cheap postage scheme in 
 Congress, and a man of influence. He was the father 
 of William JI. Merrick. 
 
 Merricli, Willi am M. — He was born in Charles 
 County, JIaryland, September 1, 1818 ; received a 
 liberal education ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in Baltimore in 1839 ; settled in Frederick in 1844 ; 
 appointed Deputy Attorney-General for that county 
 in 1845, serving five years ; removed to Washington 
 City in 1854, and was appointed Associate Judge of 
 the L^nited States Circuit Court of the District of Co- 
 lumbia ; when this Court was abolished in 1863, he 
 retired to Maryland to the practice of his profession ; 
 in 1866 and 1867 he was Senior Professor of Law in 
 Columbian College ; was a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; elected to the 
 Maryland Legislature in 1870 ; was a Representative 
 to the Forty-second Congress ; since which time he has 
 resided in Howard County, but practicing his profes- 
 sion in Baltimore. 
 
 Merrill, Orsamii.i C. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Vermont from 1817 to 1830, 
 vrhen his seat was successfully contested by R. C. 
 JIallory ; and also held the positions in that State of 
 County Attorney for two years. State Councilor for 
 four years, State Senator for one year, Register of 
 Probate for two years, and Judge of Probate for six 
 years. He was born in Vermont in 1776, and died at 
 Bennington, in that State, April 11, 1865. 
 
 Merrill, Samuel, — Born in Turner, Oxford 
 County, Maine, August 7, 1823 ; received a common- 
 school education ; in 1847 he began the mercantile 
 business in New Hampshire ; in 1854 and 1835 he 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; went to Iowa in 
 1856 ; in 1860 he was elected to the Legislature of 
 that State ; in 1863 he entered the Volunteer Army 
 and was commissioned a Colonel, and as such was 
 
 wounded seriously at the battle of Black River Bridge 
 and thus compelled to close his military career. He 
 was subsequently elected Governor of Iowa, serving 
 in that cajiacity from 1868 to 1873, taking a special 
 interest in the internal improvements of the North- 
 western States, and accomplishing much good for his 
 adopted State. 
 
 Mer rim on, Augustus S. — He was born in Bun- 
 combe County, North Carolina, September 15, 1830 ; 
 received a common-school education ; studied law ; 
 came to the bar in 1851 ; was elected Attorney in 
 several counties ; was a member of the Legislature of 
 North Carolina in 1860 ; Solicitorof the Eighth Judicial 
 District from 1861 to 1865 ; elected a Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court in 1866, but in 1867 resigned rather than 
 obey a military order ; he was elected to the United 
 States Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and 
 ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Claims, 
 Post-UfBcc and Post-Roads, and Revision of Rules. 
 
 Mer rift, Sam iiel -1. — He was born in Staunton, 
 Virginia, August 15, 1838 ; educated at the Staunton 
 Academy, and graduated at Washington College in 
 1848 ; studied law, and removed to California ; was 
 County Clerk in 1850 ; a member of the State Assem- 
 blv in 1851 and 1853 ; a memljer of the State Senate 
 in" 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1863 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress. 
 
 Merrill, Orange. — He was bom in Litchfield, 
 Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Connecticut from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Metealf, Aran ah. — He was a native of New 
 York ; a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1811 to 1813, and subsequently served four 
 years in the Assembly of New York from Otsego 
 County. 
 
 Metealf, Halplt. — Bom in Charlestown, New 
 Hampshire, November 31, 1798 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1833 ; worked on a farm until the 
 age of eighteen ; began the practice of law at New- 
 port in 1836 ; was Secretary of State for several years 
 from 1830 ; held a Clerkship in Washington from 1838 
 to 1840 ; was Chairman of the Committee for com- 
 piling the laws of the State in 1853 ; a member of the 
 House of Representatives of the State in 1852 and 
 1853 ; Register of Probate for Sullivan County in 
 1845 ; was Governor of New Hampshire in 1855 and 
 1856. 
 
 Metcalfe, JTenr;/ S, — Bom in Albany, New 
 York, January 30, 1805 ; removed with his father to 
 New York city in 1811 ; in 1816 he removed to the 
 County of Richmond ; was a law student in his 
 father's office, and went to the bar in 1836 ; in that 
 year he succeeded his father, George Metcalfe, as 
 District-Attorney for Richmond County, holdijig the 
 office seven years ; in 1840 he was appointed County 
 Judge ; in 1843 he became connected with the reve- 
 nue service at Staten Island ; was a member of the 
 Convention which nominated Zachary Taylor for 
 President, but his vote was cast for Henry Clay ; was 
 County Judge from 1847 to 1874, when he was elected 
 a Repre.ventative from New York to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. In December, 1875,' he was appointed 
 Chairman of a Committee. 
 
 Metcalfe, Thomas, — He was born in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, March 20, 1780. When he was 
 quite young his parents emigrated to Kentucky, and 
 settled in Fayette, where his education was i estricted 
 to the advantages of a few months' attendance at a 
 country school. He worked at the trade of a ma,~on, 
 but employed his leisure hours in study, and soon de- 
 
292 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 veloped remarkable intellectual abilities. In 1809 
 lie first appeared as a public speaker, in defense of 
 his country against British oppression ; served in the 
 war of 1812, and in 1813 commanded a Company of 
 Infantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, and greatly dis- 
 tinguished himself for his bravery. He was subse- 
 quently a member of the Kentucky Legislature for 
 several years ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1819 to 1839, when he was elected Governor of 
 Kentucky, which office he held until 1833. In 1834 
 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1840 was 
 chosen President of the Board of Internal Improve- 
 ment. In 1848 he was appointed and elected to fill 
 the unexpired term of Mr. Crittenden in the Senate 
 of the United States, after which he retired to his 
 farm between Maysville and Lexington. He boasted 
 of his services as a stone-mason, and delighted in 
 being called the "Old Stone Hammer." He died in 
 Nicholas County, Kentucky, August 18, 1853. 
 
 Mei/ers, lieujamin F. — He was born in Cen- 
 treville, Pennsylvania, July 6, 1833 ; received an 
 academic education at Somerset, and at Jefferson Col- 
 lege, Pennsylvania ; studied law and admitted to the 
 bar in 1853 ; was a member of the State Legislature 
 in 1864 ; a Delegate to the Democratic National Con- 
 vention in 1864 ; became editor and proprietor of the 
 Bedfrrd Onzette in 1857, and one of the proprietors 
 and editor-in-chief of the Harrisbiirg Dtdly Patriot 
 In 1868, and was elected to the Forty-second Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi- 
 tures. 
 
 Midtllesivarth , Ner, — He was born in New 
 Jersey, and on removing to Pennsylvania was elected 
 to the State Legislature and made Speaker, and also 
 elected a Rejfresentative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1855. Died June 2, 1865. 
 
 3Ii(ldleton, Arthur. — He was born on Ashley 
 River, South Carolina, in 1743 ; after a course of 
 studies at Westminster, he graduated ^t Cambridge, 
 England ; traveled two years in Europe ; on his re- 
 turn home he was placed on various local committees 
 looking to liberty ; in 1775 he was one of the " Coun- 
 cil of Safety ; " was the author of the first draught 
 of the State Constitution, and was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1776 to 1788, and again 
 from 1781 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of In- 
 dependence. On the surrender of Charleston he was 
 taken prisoner, but released in a few months by ex- 
 change. He served frequently in the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and while attempting to retrieve his fortune, 
 which had been seriously affected by the war, he 
 died, January 1, 1788. His father Henry and his 
 grandfather Arthur, were both identified with the 
 earliest history of South Carolina ; and he had a son, 
 John Izard, who acquired reputation as an author. 
 
 MidfUeton, George, — Was bom in Philadel- 
 phia, October 14, 1811 ; came of the old stock of the 
 Society of Friends ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion ; while yet a boy removed with his father to 
 New Jersey, and settled in Burlington ; was engaged 
 for many years in the business of tanning ; was twice 
 elected to the Legislature of New Jersey ; has been 
 noted in his district as a local peace-maker among his 
 neighbors ; and was elected a Representative from 
 New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
 on the 'Committees on Agriculture and on the Expen- 
 ditures inthe Interior Department. 
 
 Middlefon, Henry, — He was bom in South 
 Carolina, and was the son of Arthur Middleton ; was 
 a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental 
 Congress from 1774 to 1776, and was the second mem- 
 ber called to officiate as President over that body. His 
 
 grandson, bearing the same name, was subsequently 
 a Representative in the Federal Congress. 
 
 3Iiddleton, Ilenrti, — A native of South Caro- 
 lina, having been born in 1771 ; was chosen a Repre- 
 sentative in the State Legislature in 1801 ; then State 
 Senator until elected Governor in 1810. From 1815 to 
 1819 he was a Representative in Congress, and in 1830 
 was appointed by President Monroe, Minister to Rus- 
 sia, which position he filled for many years. He died 
 in Charleston; South Carolina, June 14, 1846. Grand- 
 son of Henry, the Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress, and the father of Edward Middleton, a Commo- 
 dore in the United States Navy, and he also had a son 
 Arthur, who was for many years Secretary of Lega- 
 tion in Spain. 
 
 Mifflin, TJiomas. — He was bom at Philadelphia 
 in 1744 ; was educated for the mercantile profession, 
 and after a tour in Europe, entered that business with 
 his brother. In 1772 he was a Representative from 
 Philadelphia in the Provincial Assembly, and was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1774 to 1770. He distinguished himself" as 
 Major in the army at the battle ofLexington, and in 
 1776 was appointed Quartei-master-General, and sub- 
 sequently Brigadier-General, and in 1777 attained the 
 rank of Major-General. He was active in raising new 
 regiments for the war previous to the battle of Tren- 
 ton. In 1782 he was again sent as Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress, serving until 1783, and was 
 President of that body, after which he retired to pri- 
 vate life. In 1785 he was Speaker of the State Legis- 
 lature ; in 1787, was a member of the Convention 
 which framed the Constitution of the United States, 
 and signed that instrument ; in 1788 he was made 
 President of the Supreme Executive Council. He 
 commanded the Pennsylvania troops during the 
 Whisky Insurrection ; and in 1790 was a member of 
 the Convention for forming the State Constitution of 
 Pennsylvania, and was chosen first Governor ; served 
 nine years, and was again sent to the Legislature. 
 He died January 21, 1800. 
 
 Miles, fJ'. Porrher. — Born in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, in July, 1828 ; prepared for College at the 
 " Wellington School," and graduated at the Charles- 
 ton College ; studied law ; was for several years As- 
 sistant Professor of Mathematics in Charleston Col- 
 lege ; he was Mayor of Charleston in 1856 and 1857, 
 and inaugurated the present police system of that city, 
 and also the present system of tidal drains for the 
 same ; and he was elected a Representative from South 
 Carolina to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected 
 to the Thirty-sixth. Mr. Sliles has been a frequent 
 contributor to the Southern Quarterly Review, and has 
 delivered a number of literary and patriotic addresses. 
 It ought to be mentioned that when the yellow fever 
 was raging in Norfolk in 1855, Mr. Miles visited that 
 city as a humanitarian, and for that conduct was re- 
 warded with the office of Mayor of Charleston. His 
 Committees have been those on Commerce and For- 
 eign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gres. Was elected a member of the South Carolina 
 " Seceding Convention " in 1860, and resigned his seat 
 in Congress. Served as a Colonel in the Rebellion, and 
 as a member of the Confederate Congress. 
 
 Milledqe, Jolin, — He was born in Savannah, 
 Georgia, and was descended from one of the early set- 
 tlers of the colony. He frequently served in the Leg- 
 islature, and in 1780 he was appointed Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of the State, and Governor in 1802. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1702 to 1802, except- 
 ing one term, and a Senator of the United States from 
 1806 to 1809, serving for a session as President pro 
 tern, of the Senate. He was the principal founder of 
 the University of Georgia, and presented the land 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 293 
 
 which forms its site. He died at his country-seat, at 
 the Sand Hills, February 9, 1818. His memory was 
 honored by an act of the Legislature calling the capi- 
 tal of the State Milledgeville. 
 
 Millet! , John. — He was born in Savannah, 
 Georgia, in 1804 ; was educated a lawyer ; served in 
 the Legislature of Georgia ; and died near Savannah, 
 October 15, 1843, about ten days after his election to 
 a seat in the National House of Representatives in the 
 Twenty-eighth Congress. 
 
 Millev, Andreir G. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Wisconsin ; was one of the earliest Territorial 
 Judges ; and about the j'ear 1849 he was appointed 
 United States Judge for the District of Wisconsin, re- 
 siding at Milwaukee. He was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Milh'f, Daniel F, — Born in Alleghany County, 
 Maryland, October 4, 1814 ; studied law in Pittsburg, 
 and admitted to the bar in 1838 ; emigrated to Iowa in 
 1839 ; and during the following year was elected to the 
 Legislature of that Territory. In 1848 he was the 
 Whig candidate for Congress ; but his seat having 
 been contested, a new election took place in 1850, 
 when he was elected for the term ending in 1851. In 
 1856 he was a Presidential Elector, since which time 
 he has resided in Fort Madison. 
 
 Ulillef. Daniel H, — He was a native of Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1833 to 1831. Died 
 many years ago. 
 
 Miller, George F.—He was born in Chillis- 
 quaque, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, Sep- 
 tember 5, 1809 ; received an academical education, 
 laboring to support himself during vacations ; stud- 
 ied law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; took an-active 
 part in local politics, but frequently declined nomina- 
 tions for County and State offices ; was for a number 
 of years Secretary of the Lewisburg University in 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1864 was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and 
 Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Pensions and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Miller, Horace H. — He was a citizen of Mis- 
 sissippi, and from 1853 to 1854 he was Charge d' Af- 
 faires to Bolivia. 
 
 Miller, Jacob W. — Bom in Morris County, 
 New Jersey, in 1803 ; bred a lawyer ; and was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from New Jersey from 1841 to 1847 ; 
 and having been re-elected, served until 1853. Died 
 at Morristown, New Jersey, September 30, 1862. 
 
 Miller, James, — Born in Peterborough, New 
 Hampshire, April 25, 1776 ; studied law, but entered 
 the army in 1808 as a Major ; in 1813 he was brevetted 
 a Colonel for gallantry at Fort George ; in 1814 he 
 was appointed a Colonel and fought at Chippewa 
 and Lundy's Lane : and it was he who uttered the 
 famous saying, when asked by General Scott if he 
 could take a certain battery ; he coolly replied, " I'll 
 try, sir." He was subsequently made a Major-General, 
 and received a gold medal from Congress. He re- 
 signed his commission in the army in 1819, and was 
 made Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, where 
 he served until 1835 ; and from that year until 1849 
 he was Collector of Customs at Salem, Massachu- 
 setts. Died in Temple, New Hampshire, July 7, 
 1851. 
 
 Miller, Jesse. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1836 to 1837, and died 
 at Harrisburg, August 20, 1850. By President Jack- 
 son he was appointed first Auditor of the Treasury, 
 and held the position until 1841. He was also Canal 
 Commissioner of Pennsylvania in 1845 and 1846, and 
 Secretary of State from 1846 to 1848, serving for a 
 short time as acting Governor of the State. 
 
 Miller, John .■ — Born in Amenia, Dutchess County, 
 New York, November 10, 1774 ; educated at private 
 schools ; in 1793 commenced the study of medicine 
 and attended lectures at the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania ; was chosen Vice-President of the Cortland 
 County Medical Association, in 1808 ; from 1805 to 
 to 1835 he was Postmaster of Truxton ; from 1812 to 
 1831 he was a Justice of the Peace ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature in 1817, 1830, and 1845 ; was 
 a Representative from New York to the Nineteenth 
 Congress ; and a Delegate to the " State Constitu- 
 tional Convention " of 1846. Died in March, 1863. 
 
 Miller, John. — He was distinguished for his 
 courage as an officer in the last war with England ; 
 soon after the struggle he was appointed Register of 
 the Land Office in Missouri ; subsequently elected 
 Governor of the State, serving from 1826 to 1833 ; 
 was at one time editor of the Western Herald, at 
 Steubenville, Ohio ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1837 to 1843 from Missouri. Died near 
 Florrissant, Missouri, March 18, 1846. 
 
 Miller, John <?.— Born in Kentucky, and in 
 1835 emigrated to Missouri. In 1840 was elected to 
 the State Legislature, and from 1853 to the time of 
 his death he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Missouri. Died in Saline County, Missouri, May 11, 
 1850, aged forty-four years. 
 
 Miller, John K. — He was bom in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State, 
 from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 Miller, Joseph. — He was born in Ohio ; elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth 
 Congress, and was a member of the Committees on 
 Unfinished Business and Expenditures in the Navy 
 Department ; and subsequently appointed United 
 States Judge for the Territory of Nebraska. 
 
 Miller, Killian. — Bom in Claverack, Columbia 
 County, New York, July 30, 1785 ; received a good 
 common-school education, with instruction in the 
 Latin and Greek languages. He studied law, and 
 was admitted to practice in 1806 ; from that time con- 
 tinued to pursue his profession, removing from Liv- 
 ingston to Hudson City in 1833. In 1824 and in 1837 
 he was a member of the General Assembly, and in 
 1837 was elected County Clerk, which office he held 
 for three years. In 1854 he was chosen a Represent- 
 ative in the Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 3Tiller, 3Iorris S. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York, from 1813 to 1815 ; and in 
 1819 was appointed a Commissioner to superintend a 
 treaty with the Seneca Indians. He was also Judge 
 of a County Court, and died at Utica, November 13, 
 1834, aged forty-five years. 
 
 Miller, Nathan. — He was a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress, from Rhode Island, in 1785 and 1786. 
 
 Miller, K. M. — He was appointed in 1844 Second 
 Assistant Postmaster-General, and held the office 
 about one year, and in 1845 he was made Third As- 
 sistant in the same Department. 
 
 Miller, Pleasant M. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811. 
 
294 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Miller, liiiff/ef B, — Born in New York, and 
 was a Representative from tliat State in the Twenty- 
 fourth Congress, in the place of S. Beardsley, re- 
 signed. 
 
 mUlrr, Snmiiel F. — He was bom in Richmond, 
 Kentuclcy, April 5, 1816 ; graduated at the University 
 of Transylvania, and, after taking the degree of Doc- 
 tor of Medicine, practiced the profession a few years, 
 and then turned his attention to the law ; having 
 been from 1848 in favor of emancipation, and though 
 generally taking no part in politics, the course of 
 public affairs caused him to remove from the State 
 in 18.50, when he settled in Iowa and became one of 
 the leaders of the Republican party in that State ; 
 desiring no local or State offices, and declining many 
 nominations, he attended wholly to his profession ; 
 and in 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln, 
 a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 Miller, Samuel F. — He was born in Franklin, 
 Delaware County, New York, May 27, 1837 ; gradu- 
 ated at Hamilton College in 1853 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1853, but instead of practicing the 
 profession turned his attention to farming and lum- 
 bering. In 1854 he was elected to the New York 
 Legislature ; in 1850 and 1857 he was Supervisor of 
 Franklin ; was for fifteen years identified as a Colonel 
 with the State Militia ; and in 1863 he was elected 
 a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lauds. 
 He was also a Delegate to the "State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1867. Was subsequently a member 
 of the State Board of Charities ; also a C'ollector of 
 Internal Revenue, and he was re-elected to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Miller, Smith. — He is a native of North Caro- 
 lina, but when a youth removed with his father to 
 Indiana. His school education was limited, and he 
 engaged in farming as an occupation. He was a 
 member of both branches of the Legislature of Indi- 
 ana, and a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 
 1855. 
 
 Miller, Stephen. — He was Governor of Minne- 
 sota from 1863 to 1866. 
 
 Miller, Stephen D. — He was born in the Wax- 
 &&VI Settlement, South Carolina, in May, 1787 ; gradu- 
 ated at the South Carolina College in 1808 ; adopted 
 the profession of law ; came to the bar in 1813 ; served 
 in the South Carolina Senate in 1833 ; represented his 
 native State in the Lower House of Congress from 
 1819 to 1839 ; was Governor of South Carolina from 
 1838 to 1830 ; and elected a Senator in Congress for 
 the term from 1831 to 1837, but resigned on account 
 of his health at the end of two years. He died at 
 Raymond, Mississippi, March 8, 1838, having removed 
 to that State in 1835, where he was an extensive 
 planter. 
 
 3Iiller, William.— "Born in Warren County, 
 North Carolina ; from 1810 to 1814 he served in the 
 Legislature ; was Governor of the State from 1814 to 
 1817 ; in 1835 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to 
 Guatemala, and died before entering upon his duties. 
 
 Miller, William //.—Born in Perry County, 
 Pennsylvania, .lanuary 29, 1828 ; graduated at Mar- 
 shall College, Franklin, Pennsylvania ; in 1854 was 
 appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court of his native 
 State, which office held until 1863 ; and he was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions. His father, Jesse Miller, was also 
 a Representative in Congress. 
 
 Miller, William S, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and 
 a man of high cultivation. He died In New York 
 city, November 9, 1854. 
 
 Milligan, Jolin J, — Bom in Cecil County, 
 Maryland, December 10, 1795 ; after receiving an 
 academical education, he entered Princeton College, 
 and remained three years ; he then studied law, and 
 was admitted to practice in New Castle County, Dela- 
 ware, in 1818, and pursued his profession for several 
 years, but subsequently retired to a country seat near 
 Wilmington. In 1830 he was elected a member of 
 the House of Representatives in Congress from Dela- 
 ware, and served from 1831 to 1839. In 1839 he was 
 appointed by the Governor Judge of the Superior 
 Court of the State of Delaware, and has continued in 
 this position ever since. 
 
 Milligan, Samnel. — He was a citizen of Tennes- 
 see, from which State he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Nebraska, residing at Dakota City. 
 
 Millihin, Charles W. — He was bom in Graves 
 County, Kentucky, August 15, 1827 ; graduated in 
 1849 ; studied law ; was Attorney of Simpson County 
 five years ; appointed in 1867 Attorney for the fourth 
 judicial district of Kentucky, to fill a vacancy ; elect- 
 ed the following August to serve out the unexpired 
 term, and re-elected in 1868 for a full term of six 
 years, and resigned in 1873 ; and was elected to the 
 Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on 
 the Committee on Puljlic Buildings and Grounds. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Millfi, Clark. — Bom in Onondaga County, New 
 York, December 1, 1815; lost his parents while a 
 child, and learned the trade of a plasterer, which he 
 followed in Charleston, South Carolina, for nine 
 years ; from the age of twenty-two he devoted him- 
 self to sculpture ; and in 1846 finished a bust of Cal- 
 houn, now in the City Hall at Charleston ; in 1853, 
 under orders from the Government, he cast the 
 equestrian statue of General Jackson, now in Lafay- 
 ette Square, at Washington ; in 1853 received an 
 order from Congress for the colossal equestrian 
 statue of Washington, now in the circle at the west 
 end of Washington ; and in 1863 he finished the 
 statue of Liberty from the design by Crawford, which 
 now stands on the dome of the Capitol. The por- 
 trait busts of this artist are also quite numerous ; 
 and it is worthy of note that he has two sons who 
 have distinguished themselves as sculptors. 
 
 Mills, Elijah H. — Bom in 1778 ; graduated at 
 Williams College in 1797 ; studied law ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1815 to 1819, and a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 
 1837. He died at Northampton, May 5, 1839. 
 
 Mills. Bohert, — Born in South Carolina, was an 
 engineer and architect ; was employed as the archi- 
 tect of the United States Post-Ofiice, Treasury and 
 Patent Office buildings ; was the author of "Pharos, 
 or Light-House Guide," published in 1833 ; " Statis- 
 tics of South Carolina," in 1836 ; and " Atlas of 
 South Carolina;" also " Guide to the National Ex- 
 ecutive Offices at Washington," 1842. He died in 
 Washington, District of Columbia, March 3, 1855. 
 
 Mills, Bohert Q. — He was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Texas to the Forty-thiid Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Weights and Measures. 
 
 Millson, John S.— Born in Norfolk, Virginia, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 295 
 
 October 1, 1808, and coinmenced the study of law be- 
 fore the age of sixteen ; he held no public office until 
 elected a Representative from Virginia in the Thirty- 
 first Congress, which position he filled, by re-elec- 
 tions, until 1860, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittees on Commerce and Ways and Means, and of 
 the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel- 
 lioas States. In 1844 and 1849 he was also a Presi- 
 dential Elector. Died at Norfolk, Virginia, February 
 26, 1874. 
 
 Millirard, John. — Born in Pennsylvania, and 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Patents. 
 
 MiUivard, William. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Milues, Willi(nn,,Tr. — He was born in York- 
 shire, England, December 8, 1827 ; emigrated to 
 America and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania ; 
 after completing an academic education, he appren- 
 ticed liiraself to the blacksmitliing business ; at the 
 expiration of his apprenticeship he entered into the 
 business of mining and shipping coal ; in 1805 he re- 
 moved to Virginia and purchased the extensive prop- 
 erty located in Page and Rockingham counties, 
 known as the Shenandoah Iron Works ; and he was 
 elected to the Forty -first Congress as a Representa- 
 tive from Virginia, serving on several Committees. 
 
 Mil nor, rJanies. — He was born in Philadelphia, 
 June 20, 1773 ; he received his education at a gram- 
 mar-school and at the University of Pennsylvania, 
 and subsequently studied law. In 1794 he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession before he was 
 twenty-one years of age. From 1811 to 1813 he was 
 a Representative from Pennsylvania in Congress. In 
 1811 he was elected a Delegate to the General Con- 
 vention of the Episcopal Church, and in 1814 was 
 ordained a clergyman by Bishop White, and in 1816 
 was called to the rectorship of St. George's Church, 
 in New York. He was one of the founders of the 
 New York Deaf and Dumb Institution, and after 
 spending the evening in company with its directors, 
 in apparent good health, died suddenly, April 8, 
 1845. 
 
 Mil nor, William, — He was born in Philadel- 
 phia ; was a Representative in Congress from Penn- 
 sjdvania from 1807 to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and 
 again from 1821 to 1822. 
 
 Milton, John, — He was Governor of Florida 
 from 1861 to 1864. 
 
 Miner, Ahimnn L, — He was born in Ver- 
 mont ; was Clerk of the Vermont House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1836 and 1837 ; a State Representative 
 in 1838, 1839, and 1845 ; a State Senator in 1840 ; 
 County Attorney for two years ; Register of Probate 
 for seven years ; Judge of Probate from 1846 to 1849 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Miner, Charles. — He was born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut, about the year 1778 ; when a boy of 
 nineteen, removed with his father to Wilkesbarre, 
 Pennsylvania, and subsequently settled in West- 
 chester, and for many years published the Village 
 Record in that place, which attained a high iiosition. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1825 to 1829, and declined a re-election'on 
 account of deafness. He was the author of an inter- 
 esting work, entitled "History of Wyoming;" and 
 was one of the first men in this country to introduce 
 
 and write upon the silk-growing business. Died at 
 Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1865, univer- 
 sally respected for his high character and ability. 
 
 3Iiner, Phineas. — He was an eminent lawyer, 
 and a Representative in Congress from Connecticut 
 during the years 1834 and 1835. for an unexpired 
 term. He died at Litchfield, in that State, Septem- 
 ber 16, 1839, aged sixty years. 
 
 Minor, William Thomas. — Born at Stam- 
 ford, Connecticut, October 3, 1815 ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1834 ; was eight years in the State 
 Legislature ; Consul-General to Havana from 1864 to 
 1807 ; and Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecti- 
 cut. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from 
 Wesley University in 1855- 
 
 Minof, Josiah. — He was appointed in 18.55 
 Fifth Auditor of the Treasury ; and also Commis- 
 sioner of Pensions in 1856, but only remained in office 
 until the commencement of 1857. 
 
 Mitchell, Alexander, — He was bom in Aber- 
 deenshire, Scotland, October 17, 1817 ; received a 
 good education in Scotland ; was a hanker ; elected 
 to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on Banking and Cur- 
 rency. 
 
 Mitchell, Anderson, — Born in Caswell County, 
 North Carolina, in 1800. He graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of that State in 1821 ; studied law and settled 
 in Wilkes County in 1840, when he was immediately 
 elected to the Legislature. He was a member of 
 Congress in 1842 and 1843 ; and was subsequently 
 devoted to his profession. 
 
 3Iifchell, Cliarles S, — He was elected a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Arkansas for a term of six 
 years, commencing March 4, 1801, but was expelled 
 by the Senate July 11, 1861. 
 
 Mitchell, Charles F, — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Mitchell, David Bradie, — Born in Scotland, 
 October 22, 1737 ; he removed to Savannah, Georgia, 
 in 1783, to take possession of property left by an 
 uncle ; studied law ; was elected Solicitor-General of 
 Georgia in 1795 ; was a member of the Legislature in 
 1796 ; and Governor of the State from 1809 to 1813, 
 and from 1815 to 1818 ; afterwards Agent to the 
 Creek Indians, with whom he concluded a treaty 
 January 22, 1818. He died at MilledgevUle, Georgia, 
 April 22, 1837. 
 
 Mitchell, George E. — He was born in Cecil 
 County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maryland from 1823 to 1827, and again 
 from 1829 to 1832. He died in Washington, June 28, 
 1832. 
 
 Mitchell, Henri/. — He was born in Woodbury, 
 Connecticut, in 1784 ; received a liberal education, and 
 adopted the profession of medicine ; after practicing 
 for a while in Connecticut he removed to New York, 
 and after receiving from Yale College the title of 
 M. I). , practiced his profession in New York with 
 eminent success ; in 1827 he was elected to the Legis- 
 lature of his adopted State, and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. Died 
 in Norwich, New York, January 12, 1858. 
 
 Mitchell, James C. — He was born in Mecklen- 
 burg County, North Carolina, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1825 to 1829. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 Mitchell, Jaines S. — He was born in York 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1837. 
 
 3Iifc/ie(f, tJohn, — He was born in Perry County, 
 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 182i). He died at 
 Beaver, Pennsylvania, in August, 1849. 
 
 Mitc/ielf, ffohii H. — He was born in Washing- 
 ton County, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1835 ; studied 
 and practiced law ; removed to California, and set- 
 tled in San Francisco ; removed to Portland, Oregon, 
 in 1860, and continued his profession ; was elected 
 Corporation Attorney in 1861 ; was elected to the 
 State Senate in 1862, and served four years, the last 
 two as President ; was commissioned in 1865 Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel of Militia ; was a candidate for United 
 States Senator in 1866, but defeated ; was chosen 
 Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Willamette 
 University at Salem, Oregon, in 1867, and served in 
 that position nearly four years ; was elected to the 
 United States Senate for the term commencing in 
 1878, and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees 
 on Privileges and Elections, Claims and Transporta- 
 tion. 
 
 Mitchell, N(ih»tn. — Born in East Bridgewater, 
 Massachusetts, February 12, 1769 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1789 ; taught school, studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1792. From 1811 
 to 1821 he was Judge of the Circuit Court of com- 
 mon Pleas, and afterwards Chief Justice. From 
 1798 to 1812 he was a Representative in the General 
 Court ; and a Representative in Congress from 1803 
 to 1805. In 1813 to 1814 he was State Senator ; and 
 from 1814 to 1820 he was one of tlie Governor's 
 Council ; and from 1822 to 1837 he was Treasurer of 
 the State. In 1840 he published a History of Bridge- 
 water, Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Historical Society ; and published a volume 
 of sacred music, entitled the " Bridgewater Collec- 
 tion." He fell and died suddenly in one of the 
 streets of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while attending 
 the first celebration of the embarkation of the Pil- 
 grims at Delft Haven. 
 
 Mitchell, Nathaniel. — He was a Delegate from 
 Delaware, to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 
 
 1788. 
 
 Mitchell, Robert. He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1883 to 
 1885 from Ohio. 
 
 Mitchell, Robert B. — Born in Richland County, 
 Ohio, in 1828 ; graduated at Washington County, 
 Pennsylvania, studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar ; served as Lieutenant of Ohio Volunteers in the 
 Mexican War ; afterward resumed his profession ; 
 removed to Kansas in 1856 ; and took an active part 
 against the Pro-Slavery party ; he was in the Terri- 
 torial Legislature in 1857 and 1858 ; Treasurer from 
 1858 to 1861; Adjutant-General in 1860 and 1861: 
 Colonel of the Second Kansas Volunteers, and se- 
 verely wounded at Wilson's Creek, during the Civil 
 War ; soon after he raised a Regiment of Cavalry ; 
 was made Brigadier-General in 1862, and placed in 
 command of the Thirteenth Division of Buell's army, 
 and fought at Perryville, October 8, 1862. He was 
 apiioiuted Governor of New Mexico, November, 
 1865. 
 
 3Iitchell, Samuel Latham. — Born on Long 
 Island in 1763, and was well educated ; after the 
 close of the war he went to Edinburgh, and there 
 studied medicine and natural history. On his return 
 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natu- 
 
 ral History in Columbia College ; and his pratice as a 
 physician was extensive ; he edited, ivith Dr. Smith, 
 fourteen volumes of the "Medical Repository;" he 
 also published a "Life of Tammany," the Indian 
 Chief, and other useful works, historical and scien- 
 tific. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1801 to 1804, and again from 1810 to 
 to 1813 ; and a Senator from 1804 to 1809. He died 
 in New York, September 8, 1831. A work that he pub- 
 lished anonymously, entitled "A Picture of New 
 York," suggested to Washington Irving his " Knick- 
 erbocker's History of New York." 
 
 Mitchell, Stephen M. — He was born at Weth- 
 ersfield, Connecticut, December 27, 1743 ; graduated 
 at Yale College in 1763 ; was chosen a tutor in the 
 College in 1766, in which station he continued three 
 years ; he entered upon the practice of law in 1772 ; 
 was appointed in 1779 a Judge of the Hartford County 
 Court, and in 1790 placed at the head of that Court ; 
 in 1795 he was appointed Judge of the Superior 
 Court of Connecticut ; and in 1807 Chief Justice of 
 that Court, which office he held until 1814, when ho 
 became disqualified by age. He was a Delegate to 
 the old Congress in 1783 and 1785 ; and in 1793 he 
 was appointed to the United States Senate, which 
 position he held until 1795 ; and was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1805. It was to his services, while in Con- 
 gress, that Connecticut was greatly indebted for the 
 establishment of her title to the tract of land in Ohio 
 called the " Western Reserve." He died in the place 
 of his birth, September 30, 1835. In him were com- 
 bined the dignity of the Christian, the purity of the 
 patriot, and the virtues of the faithful public servant 
 and useful citizen. The degree of LL.D. was con- 
 ferred upon him by Yale College. 
 
 Mitchell, Thomas R, — Born in Georgetown, 
 South Carolina ; he graduated at Harvard University 
 in 1802 ; was a Representative in Congress from South 
 Carolina from 1821 to 1823 ; from 1825 to 1829, and 
 again from 1831 to 1833 ; he died in 1837. 
 
 Mitchell, William. — He was born in New York, 
 and elected a Representative from Indiana to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Indian Affairs. He was a lawyer by profession, and 
 died in Macon, Georgia, in September, 1865. 
 
 Mi.r, Charles E. — He was born in Connecticut, 
 and, after holding the office of Chief Clerk in the In- 
 dian Bureau for many years, held tlie office of Com- 
 missioner from June to November, in 1858, and then 
 resumed his clerkship. Resides in Georgetown, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. 
 
 Moffet, .John. — He was born in the County of 
 Antrim, North of Ireland, in 1832 ; came with his par- 
 ents to this country when a child ; was educated in 
 the public schools of Philadelphia and in the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsylvania ; estab- 
 lished himself as an apothecary in Philadelphia, and 
 in 1868 he was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Freedmen's Affairs. His seat was con- 
 tested, however, by Leonard Myers, and in AprU, 1869, 
 the latter was declared duly elected. 
 
 Moffit. Hosea. — He was bom in New York ; 
 served six years in the Legislature of that State ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Moloni/, Richard S. — He was born in North- 
 field, New Hampshire ; entered Dartmouth College in 
 1836, but left the institution before the close of the 
 following year, and commenced the study of medi- 
 cine ; removed to Illinois and settled at Belvidere, 
 Boone County, in the practice of the medical profes- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 297 
 
 sion ; and was a Representative from Illinois to the 
 Thirty-second Congress, having succeeded his friend 
 and college classmate, John Wentworth. 
 
 Moni'U, lioberf.—He was a native of Columbia 
 County, New Yorli, and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1819 to 1831. and again from 
 1839 to 1831. Died in December, 1860. 
 
 lHoneji, H. D. — Born in Mississippi and received 
 a gond education ; prepared himself for the legal pro- 
 fession but abandoned it to enter upon the employ- 
 ment of a journalist, to which he devoted himself, 
 and in 1875 he was elected a Representative from Mis- 
 sissippi to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 3Ionroe, James, — Born April 28, 1758, in West- 
 moreland County, Virginia. He was educated at Wil- 
 liam and Mary College. In 1776 he joined the army 
 in the Revolutionary War, and continued with it until 
 1778, having displayed great bravery, when he retired 
 and engaged iu the study of the law. In 1780 he held 
 the office of Military Commissioner for Virginia, and. 
 in that capacity, visited the Southern army. In 1783 
 he was a member of the Virginia Assemljly ; and in 
 1783 a Delegate to Congress. In 1788 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Convention in Virginia to deliberate on the 
 proposed Constitution for the United States. In 1790 
 he was elected a Senator of the United States from 
 Virginia. In 1794 he received the appointment of 
 Minister Plenipotentiary to France, and was recalled 
 in 1797. In 1799 he was elected Governor of Vir- 
 ginia. In 1803 he was sent on a special mission to 
 France, which resulted in the purchase of Louisiana. 
 In 1803 he was appointed Minister to England ; and in 
 1805 he was associated with Charles Pinckney, to ne- 
 gotiate with Spain. During his residence in England 
 he and Mr. William Pinckney negotiated a commer- 
 cial treaty with Great Britain, but it was never sub- 
 mitted to the Senate by President Jefferson. He re- 
 turned to America iu 1808. In 1811 he was Governor 
 of Virginia, and the same year received from Presi- 
 dent Jiadison the appointment of Secretary of State, 
 which office he held until his election as President. 
 March 4, 1817. During a part of the time, in 1814 
 and 1815, he also performed the duties of Secretary of 
 War. He was again elected President iu 1831. He 
 died July 4, 1831. 
 
 Monroe, James. — He was born in Plainfield, 
 Connecticut, July 18, 1831 ; received his early edu- 
 cation at Plainfield Academj^ ; graduated at Oberlin 
 College in 1846, and pursued a course of theological 
 study there ; was a Professor in Oberlin College from 
 1849 until 1863 ; a member of the State House of Rep- 
 resentatives in 1856, 1857, 1858, and 1859, and of the 
 Senate in 1860, 1861, and 1863 ; chosen President of 
 the Senate in 1861 and again in 1863 ; was United 
 States Consul at Rio de Janeiro from 1863 to 1869, serv- 
 ing for some months of 1869 as Charge d' Affaires ad 
 interim at that capital ; and elected to the Forty- 
 second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, 
 serving on the Committees on the Library, and Bank- 
 ing and Currency, and Chairman of that on Education 
 and Labor. 
 
 3Ion roe. Thomas B. — He was a citizen of Ken- 
 tucky, and about the year 1834 was appointed United 
 States Judge for the District of Kentucky. 
 
 3Ion roe, 1', — He was born in Kentucky, and ap- 
 pointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Washington, residing at 
 Olympia. 
 
 Montanya, J, J), L, — He was born in New 
 York ; served two years in the Assembly of that 
 4 
 
 State ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Montgomery, Daniel. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1807 to 
 1809. 
 
 Montgomery, John. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1807 to 1811. 
 
 3Iontgomery, John G. — He was born in Nor- 
 thumberland, Pennsylvania, in 1805 ; graduated at 
 Washington College in 1834 ; came to the bar in 1837 ; 
 was elected to the State Legislature in 1855 ; and was 
 elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 Pennsylvania, but died before taking his seat, of the 
 mysterious National Hotel disease, at Danville, Penn- 
 sylvania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty-two years. 
 
 Montgomery, Jose/ih.— ile was a Delegate 
 from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 
 1780 to 1784. He graduated at Princeton College in 
 1755, and also took a degree at Yale College in 1760. 
 
 Montgomery. Thomas.— He was bom in Nel- 
 son County, Virginia ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1813 to 1815, and again 
 from 1831 to 1833. Died April 2, 1838. 
 
 3[ontgomery, William. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1793 to 
 1795. 
 
 Montgomery, Tf'illiani, — Born in Guilford 
 County, North Carolina, and was educated for the 
 medical profession. He was elected to the General 
 Assembly in 1834, where he served, with but one in- 
 termission, until 1834, when he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress, and continued in that position 
 until 1841. He died November 27, 1844, aged fifty- 
 three years. 
 
 Montgomery, William, — Born in Canton 
 Township, Pennsylvania, April, 11, 1819 ; graduated 
 at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1839 ; he 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; 
 and he was elected a Representative in Congress in 
 1856, serving in the Thirty-fifth Congress on the 
 Committee on Public Lands. He was re-elected to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Wash- 
 ington, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1870. 
 
 Moor, Wyman B, .<?.— Born in Waterville, 
 Maine, November 3, 1814 ; graduated at Waterville 
 College ; studied law at Cambridge, and admitted to 
 the bar in 1834 ; was a member of the Maine Legis- 
 lature in 1839 ; was Attorney-General of that State 
 from 1844 to 1848 ; and, by appointment, succeeded 
 John Fairfield as a Senator in Congress, serving from 
 January to June, 1848. He subsequently devoted 
 much attention to the railroad interests of his State, 
 and in 1857 was appointed by President Buchanan 
 Consul-General for the British American Provinces. 
 Died in Lynchburg, Virginia, February 16, 1869. 
 
 Moore, Alfred, — Bom in Brunswick County, 
 North Carolina, May 21, 1755 ; and educated in Bos- 
 ton, where he acquired a knowledge of military tac- 
 tics. In 1775 joined the Continental Troops of North 
 Carolina as Captain ; and when the British seized 
 Wilmington he raised a troop of volunteers which 
 did good service. In 1790 he was elected by the 
 Assembly Attorney-General of the State, although 
 he had never read a law-book. He soon became, by 
 study and observation, eminent at the bar ; and was 
 appointed Judge in 1798 ; and Associate Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States from 1799 to 
 
;ii)8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1805. Died in Belfont, North Carolina, October 15, 
 1810. 
 
 Moore, Andreiv, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1797, and again 
 from 1803 to 1804, when be was appointed to tlie 
 United States Senate, but was superseded by W. 
 B. Giles. He was one of those who voted for locat- 
 ing the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died 
 in May, 1831. 
 
 3Ioore, Andrew S, — He was originally a 
 school teacher in Alabama ; Governor of the State 
 from 1857 to 1863 ; and died in Marion, April, 5, 
 1873. 
 
 3Ioore, Elifihhn Ilax/iiif/s. — Born in Worces- 
 ter County, Massachusetts, June 11), 1813, removed to 
 Ohio with his father in 1817 ; received his education 
 at a frontier school ; from 1836 to 1840, he was 
 County Surveyor ; from 1846 to 1860, a County Audi- 
 tor ; was a Director and then President for many 
 years of the Athens Branch of the State Bank of 
 Ohio, and subsequently of the first National Bank of 
 Athens ; was appointed in 1863 a Collector of Inter- 
 nal Revenue ; and in 1808 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Ohio to the Forty-Hrst Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Territories, and the Mili- 
 
 3Ioore, Ely. — He was born in New Jersey, and 
 educated as a printer, was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1835 to 1839 ; was ap- 
 pointed Marshal of New York by President Polk ; 
 subsequently edited a newspaper in New Jersey ; 
 was appointed Indian Agent in Kansas Territory ; 
 and at the time of his death was Register of a Land 
 Office in Kansas. Died January 26, 1860. 
 
 Moore, Gabriel. — He was born in Stokes 
 County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Alabama from 1833 to 1839 ; Governor 
 of the State from 1839 to 1831 ; a Senator in Con- 
 gress from 1831 to 1837 ; and died at Caddo, Texas, 
 in 1844. 
 
 Moore, Heman Allen,— Re was born in Plain- 
 field, Vermont, in 1810 ; studied law in Rochester, 
 New York, and removing to Columbus, Ohio, obtained 
 distinction as a lawyer ; was appointed Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral of the State Militia ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1843 to the time of his 
 death, which occurred in Columbus, April 3, 1844. 
 
 Moore, Henry D. — He was born in Goshen, 
 Orange County, New York, April 17, 1817 ; received 
 his education at one of the public schools of New 
 York city ; when sixteen years of age he acquired a 
 knowledge of ihe tailoring business, which he fol- 
 lowed until 1843 ; in that year he removed to Phila- 
 delphia, and became interested in the marble busi- 
 ness ; and he was a Represenative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1853. For several years 
 after leaving Congress he was Treasurer of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Moore, Jesse II. — He was bom in St. Clair 
 County, Illinois, April 33, 1817 ; and his father was a 
 soldier in the Revolution ; graduated at the College of 
 Lebanon in 1842 ; soon became a teacher, and in 1844 
 was principal of a Seminary in Vermilion County ; 
 in 1846 received a degree from Asbury University ; 
 in 1848 he took charge of the Methodist church "in 
 Shelbyville ; from 1854 to 1856 he had charge of the 
 Quincy College ; in 1863 he raised a regiment for the 
 war, and performed much service in all the campaigns 
 of the Ai-my of the Cumberland as Colonel, com- 
 manded a Brigade a part of the time, and was bre- 
 
 vetted a Brigadier-General ; after the war he re- 
 entered the pulpit, and was Presiding Elder at De- 
 catur ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from Illinois to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Claims and Patents ; and he was 
 re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Moore, John. — Born in Berkeley County, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1788 ; and, having removed to Louisiana, 
 became an active politician. From 1835 to 1834 he was 
 a member of the State Legislature ; also served sev- 
 eral years in the State Senate ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from Louisiana from 1841 to 1843, and 
 again from 1851 to 1853 ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1849; a Delegate to the seceding "State Conven- 
 tion " of 1861 ; and died in Louisiana, in June, 1867. 
 
 Moore, Laban T. — Born in Cabell County, Vir- 
 ginia, January 13, 1839 ; received a limited educa- 
 tion ; removed to Kentucky and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Manufactures. He also served as a 
 Colonel in the army during the Rebellion. 
 
 3Ioore, 3Iarshal E. — He was born in New 
 York, removed to Ohio, and was appointed from that 
 State Governor of the Territory of Washington, resid- 
 ing at Olympia. 
 
 Moore, Nicholas It. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1803 to 1811, and 
 again from 1813 to 1816. Died at Baltimore in 1816. 
 
 Moore, Oscar F. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 3Ioore, lioberf. — He was bom in Wa.shington 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821. 
 
 3Ioore, Sainnel. — He was bom in Cumberland 
 County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1822. He was 
 a physician, and died Februarj' 18, 1861. 
 
 3Ioore. S. 3IeD. — He was bom in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1835. Served in the Rebellion. 
 
 Moore, Sydenham E. — Born in Rutherford 
 County, Tennessee, but removed to Alabama with his 
 parents, .soon after its admission as a State ; he was - 
 educated at the University of Alabama ; was bred to 
 the profession of law ; was Judge of the County 
 Court of Greene County, Alabama, for six years, and 
 for a short time also of the ('ircuit Court of that State ; 
 resigned his Judgeship, and went to Mexico as Captain 
 of a Volunteer Company, and served one year, a por- 
 tion of the time in General Taylor's line, on the Rio 
 Grande, and also in General Scott's line, at Tampico, 
 Vera Cruz, Alvarado, and Jalapa ; and on his return 
 home was elected Brigadier-General of Mili'/ia ; and 
 was chosen in 1857 a member of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress ; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. 
 Took part in the Rebellion as a Colonel. 
 
 3Ioore, Thomas. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1801 to 1813, and 
 again from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 3Ioore, Thomas O. — He was Governor of Louis- 
 iana from 1860 to 1864. 
 
 3Ioore, Thomas P. — He was bom in Charlotte 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 299 
 
 County, Virginia, in 1795 ; was an officer in the War 
 of ISl'j ; member of Congress from 1833 to 1831) from 
 Kentucky ; Minister to the Republic of Colombia iu 
 1829 ; and Lieutenant-Colonel in the Regular Army 
 during the war with Mexico. His last public posi- 
 tion was that of member of the Convention for revis- 
 ing the Constitution of Kentucky. He died iu Uar- 
 rodsburg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853. 
 
 lHoore, Thotnas S. — He was born in Jefferson 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1820 to 1833. 
 
 Moore, William, — He was born in Montgomery 
 County, Pennsylvania, December 35, 1810; received a 
 common-school education ; worked on a farm, and 
 was clerk in a country store for some years ; was sub- 
 sequently devoted to mercantile pursuits in Atlantic 
 County, New Jersey ; spent nineteen years as agent of 
 the Weymouth Iron Works ; was for a time engaged 
 in ship-building and the coasting trade ; was twice 
 elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for At- 
 lantic County, serving iu all, ten years ; and in 1866 
 he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to 
 the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on 
 the Committees on Manufactures, and Public Build- 
 ings and Grounds, and as Chairman of the Post-Office 
 Department Committee. 
 
 Moore, William S. — He was born in Bethle- 
 hem, Washington County, Pennsylvania, November 
 18, 1822 ; graduated at Washington College in 1847 ; 
 studied law ; was chosen Prothonotary in 1854 ; was 
 connected with the press ; and was elected to the For- 
 ty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Revis- 
 ion of Laws. 
 
 Moorheud, tTames Ketnicdi/. — Born on the 
 Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, in 1806 ; received 
 a limited education; spent the most of his youth on 
 a farm, and as an apprentice to a tanner ; was one of 
 the contractors for building the Susquehanna branch 
 of the Pennsylvania Canal ; was the originator of a 
 passenger packet-line on said canal. In 1830 he re- 
 moved to Pittsburg, and there took an active part in 
 improving the navigation of the Monongahela, and 
 was made President of a company bearing that name, 
 and established in that city the Union Cotton Factory ; 
 in 1838 he received the Militia title of Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral ; and subsequently taking a great interest in the 
 business of telegraphing, became the President of sev- 
 eral telegraph companies. In 1859 he was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Commerce ; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving as Chairman of the Special Committee 
 on National Armories ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Manufactures, and as a member of the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, 
 and again at the head of the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Was 
 also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868. 
 
 Moran, lieiijaviiii. — He wasacitizenof Penn- 
 sylvania ; after receiving a good education, he was 
 appointed a Clerk at the Legation of London ; was 
 soon made Secretary ; frequently officiated as Chargi' 
 d'Affaires ad interim; and in 1874, as a return for his 
 long and efficient services, he was appointed Minister 
 Resident to Portugal. 
 
 3IorehPU(l, Charles S. — He was born in Nelson 
 County, Kentucky, in 1802 ; he adopted the profes- 
 sion of law, and after practicing it for a few years, he 
 was elected to the State Legislature, serving during 
 1838 and 1829 ; he was appointed in 1832 Attorney- 
 
 General of Kentucky, which office he held five years ; 
 in 1838, 1839, and 1840, he was again returned to the 
 Legislature, officiating during the latter year as Speak- 
 er ; was re-elected and made Si)eaker in 184] ; was 
 again re-elected in 1842 and 1844, and for the third 
 time chosen Speaker ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1851. In 1853 
 he was once more returned to the Legislature, and iu 
 1855 was elected Governor of Kentucky. He was fur 
 many years one of the most devoted friends and sup- 
 jiorters of Henry Clay. In 1801 he was a Delegate to 
 the " Peace Convention " held in Washington. Died 
 at Greenville, Mississippi, December 33, 1868. 
 
 Moreliead, I, T, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Morehead, James T. — Bom in Covington, 
 Kentucky, May 24, 1797 ; studied law, and entered 
 upon the practice in 1818. He served three years in 
 the State Legislature ; in 1833 he was elected Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor of Kentucky, and after the death of 
 Governor Breathitt in 1834, became Governor. In 
 
 1837 he was again elected to the Legislature, and in 
 
 1838 he was appointed President of the Board of In- 
 ternal Improvements, which office he held until 1841, 
 when he was elected to the Lnited States Senate for 
 the term of six years. He subsequently resumed the 
 practice of his profession, and died at Covington, Ken- 
 tucky, December 28, 1854. 
 
 Morey, Fratih, — He was born in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, July 11, 1840 ; educated in the public 
 schools ; removed to Illinois in 1857, engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits, and read law ; entered the army and 
 served principally on staff duty ; settled in Louisiana 
 in 1866, and engaged in cotton-planting and in the in- 
 surance business ; was a member of the Assembly in 
 1808 and 1869 ; appointed a commissioner to revise 
 the statutes and codes of the State ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third and For- 
 ty-Fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on 
 Public Lands, Freedmen's Affairs, and Military 
 Affairs, and Chairman of that on Mississippi Levees. 
 
 3Iorr/an, Charles II. — Born in Alleghany Coun- 
 ty, New York, July 5, 1842 ; emigrated with hii! 
 parents to Wisconsin when a child ; was educated at 
 Fond-du-lac, and studied law ; served four years and 
 two months in the war for the Union as a Volunteer, 
 and then began the practice of his profession ; re- 
 moved to Missouri and became Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Benton County ; was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 3Ior<fan, Christojiher. — He was born in Gro- 
 ton, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1828 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1839 to 1843. He was Secretary of State of New 
 Y'ork from 1848 to 1852, and Mayor of Auburn in 
 1860. 
 
 Morf/an, Daniel. — Was a native of New Jer- 
 sey, but removed in early life to Virginia. Having 
 neither the advantages of wealth nor of a good educa- 
 tion, he was dependent for his support on liard labor. 
 In 1755 he served as a private soldier under General 
 Braddock. At the close of the campaign he retired to 
 a farm in Frederick County. At the commencement 
 of the Revolution he commanded a troop of Cavalry, 
 under General Washington, at Boston. He was de- 
 tached on the expedition again.st Quebec, and when 
 Arnold was wounded he took command of liis divi- 
 sion ; but the retreat of the other division, after the 
 fall of Montgomery, left Morgan to contend with the 
 whole force of the enemy, and he was taken prisoner. 
 On being exchanged he was appointed to the com- 
 
500 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 mand of a regiment. He was with General Gates at 
 the capture of Burgoyne. In 1778 he commanded a 
 corps on the Schuylkill to cut off supplies from the 
 British in Philadelphia. He served in the Southern 
 campaign, under General Greene, and advanced to the 
 rank of Brigadier-General, receiving from Congress a 
 gold medal for the skill and bravery he disjilayed at 
 the battle of Cowpens in the defeat of Tarleton. In 
 1794 he commanded the Militia of Virginia, ordered 
 out by President Washington for the puiijose of sup- 
 pressing the Whisky Insurrection in Pensylvania. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from 179.5 to 1799. 
 In 1799 he published an address to his constituents, 
 vindicating the administration of Mr. Adams. He 
 died at VVinchester, Virginia, in 1803, aged sixty- 
 nine years. 
 
 Morgan, Edwin B. — Bom at Aurora, Cay- 
 uga County, New York, May 2, 1806. He was a mer- 
 chant by occupation, until his election to the Thirty- 
 third Congress as a Representative ; and he was re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, and was a member of the Committee on Pub- 
 lic Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 3Io)'f/f(U, Edit'hi D. — Born in Washington, 
 Berkshire County, Massachusetts, February 8, 1811 ; 
 at the age of seventeen he entered a wholesale gro- 
 cery house in Hartford, Connecticut, as a clerk, and 
 in three years became a partner ; soon after attaining 
 his majority he was chosen a member of the City 
 Council of Hartford ; in 1836 he settled in New York 
 city, and was extensively engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits ; in 1849 he was chosen an Alderman of the 
 city ; during the same year he was elected to the 
 State Senate, and served two terras ; in 185.5 he was 
 appointed Commissioner of Emigration, and held the 
 office until 1858 ; was Vice-President of the " Na- 
 tional Republican Convention" held at Pittsburg in 
 1856 ; since then has been Chairman of the National 
 Republican Committee ; in 1858 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of New York, and re-elected in 1860 ; in 1861 he 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Major-General of 
 Volunteers, and, though he rendered much service, 
 declined all compensation ; the number of troops sent 
 to the war during his administration amounting to 
 two hundred and twenty-three thousand ; in 1863 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from New York 
 for the term ending in 1809, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Commerce, Manufactures, the Pacific Rail- 
 road, Military Affairs, Printing, Mines and Mining, 
 Finance, and as Chairman of the Committee on the 
 Library. By virtue of his being Chairman of the Na- 
 tional Union Executive Committee he was present at 
 the " Baltimore Convention " of 1864, and opened its 
 proceedings. On the retirement of Secretary Fessen- 
 den. President Lincoln offered him the Secretaryship 
 of the Treasury, which he declined. In 1866 he was 
 appointed a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention," but did not take any part in its proceed- 
 ings ; and in 1867 he received from Williams College 
 the degree of LL.D. 
 
 Morgan, George ir.— He was born in Wash- 
 ino-ton, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1820 ; in 1836 
 he left college, and, as a private, joined a company 
 commanded by his brother, and went to assist Texas 
 in gaining her independence, in which service he rose 
 to the rank of Captain ; in 1843 he settled in Mount 
 Vernon, Ohio, and adopted the profession of law ; 
 served in the Mexican war as Colonel of the Second 
 Ohio Infantry, and for his services at the battles of 
 Contreras and Churubusco he was brevetted a 
 Brigadier-General in the regular annv ; in 1855 he 
 was appointed Consul at Marseilles ; in 1858 he was 
 appointed Minister Resident at Lisbon ; on the break- 
 ing out of the Rebellion, as Brigadier-General of 
 Volunteers he had command of the Seventh Division 
 
 of the Army of the Ohio ; was with General Sherman 
 at Vicksburg ; was assigned to the Thirteenth Army 
 Corps, and was in command at the taking of Fort 
 Henderson, in Arkansas, and, on account of his loss 
 of health, resigned his command in 1863. In 1865 he 
 was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Ohio, 
 and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Alfairs. In 1868 his seat was con- 
 tested by Columbus Delano, and his claims rejected. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, 
 Slilitary Affairs, and Reconstruction. 
 
 Morga n , -Ta ni e.i. — He was born in New Jersey, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Morgan, rTohn •!, — He was born in Queens 
 County, New York, and was a member of the New 
 York Assembly ; a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1821 to 1825 ; and again in the 
 Assembly in 1836 and 1840. Died July 29, 1840, 
 aged eighty years. 
 
 Morgan, Wiffiain S. — Born in Monongalia 
 County, Virginia, September 7, 1801. He was self- 
 educated ; served as a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1835 to 1839, and was Chairman 
 of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and 
 declined a reelection; in 1840 he was appointed a 
 Clerk in the House of Representatives, from which 
 position he was transferred to the Legislature of Vir- 
 ginia, and declined a re-election ; he was a Democratic 
 Elector in 1844; and in 1845, having injured his 
 health by public speaking, he was appointed to a 
 Clerkship in the Treasury Department. 
 
 Morph is, •Joseph L. — He was born in McNairy 
 County, Tennessee, April 17, 1831 : brought up as a 
 planter ; was a member of the State Legislature in 
 1859 ; entered the Confederate army as Captain in 
 1861 ; removed to Mississippi in 1863 ; was elected to 
 the State Constitutional Convention of Mississippi in 
 1865 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1866, 
 1867, and 1868 ; and elected to the Forty-first and 
 Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Roads and Canals. 
 
 3Iorre/f, Daniel J. — He was born in North 
 Berwick, Maine, August 8, 1821 ; received a common- 
 school education ; settled in Philadelphia in 1836, 
 and followed the mercantile business as clerk and 
 principal imtil 1855, when he entered into the busi- 
 ness of manufacturing iron at Johnstown, Pennsyl- 
 vania ; served for a time in the councils of the town, 
 and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Manufactures, and on those on Freedmen's Affairs, and 
 Pacific Railroad. In 1875 he was appointed a Com- 
 missioner to the Centennial Exhibition. 
 
 Morrell, George. — Born in Lenox, Massachu- 
 setts, March 23, 1786 ; graduated at Williams College 
 in 1807 ; admitted to the bar in 1811 ; and settled at 
 Cooperstown, New York, appointed first Judge of 
 Otsego County Court, in 1827 ; member of the 
 Assembly in 1829 ; re-ajipointed Judge in 1833 ; 
 United States Judge of Michigan Territory from 1832 
 to 1836 ; Judge of the Superior Court of Michigan 
 from 1836 to 1843 ; Chief Justice from July 18, 1843, 
 to his death, which occurred at Detroit, March 8, 
 1845. 
 
 Morril, DavUl L. — Bom in Epping, New 
 Hampshire, June 10, 1773, and died February 4, 
 1849. He attended Exeter Academy, studied 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 301 
 
 medicine, and commenced the practice at Epsom in 
 1793. lie also studied theology, and was ordained a 
 pastor, but resigned his charge in 1811, and resumed 
 the practice of medicine. He was a Representative 
 to the General Court in 1811, 1813, and 1816, and in 
 1816 was chosen to the United States Seriate for sis 
 years. He subsequently became a member of the 
 State Senate, and its President, and afterwards, for 
 four successive terms, was elected Governor of New 
 Hampshire. He wrote and published many occasion- 
 al discourses and essays on various religious and 
 secular topics. 
 
 MorriU, Antos. — He was born in Salisbury, 
 Massachu.setts, August 2.5, 1809 ; graduated at Bow- 
 doin College, Maine, in 1834 ; studied law in his 
 native village, and removed to Tennessee in 1836 ; 
 thence to Texas in 1839 ; in 1867, he was appointed 
 one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Texas, 
 and chosen Chief Justice of the Court ; and in 1873 
 he was commissioned Judge of the United States 
 District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. 
 
 MorriU, Anson P. — Was bom in Belgrade, 
 Maine, June 10, 1803 ; received the advantages of a 
 common-school education ; has been chiefly devoted 
 to mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; was for 
 several years a member of the Maine Legislature ; 
 was Governor of Maine in 185.5, and in 1860 was elect- 
 ed a Kepresentative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post- 
 Office and Post -Roads, and Revolutionary Claims. 
 
 MorriU, Jilfifin S. — He was born in Strafford, 
 Vermont, April 14, 1810 ; received an academic edu- 
 cation, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until the 
 year 1848, when he turned his attention to agricul- 
 ture. He was elected a Representative from Ver- 
 mont to the Thirty-fourth Congress ; and re-elected 
 to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, 
 and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Spe- 
 cial Committee on the Sale of Fort Snelling, and 
 on the regular Committees on Agriculture and on 
 Ways and Means. He was also a member of the 
 Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious 
 States in the Thirty-sixth Congress. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Ways and Means, and as a member 
 of those on the Death of President Lincoln and on 
 Reconstruction. He was a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and in October, 
 1866, lie was elected a Senator in Congress from Ver- 
 mont, for the term commencing in 1867, and ending 
 in 1873, serving on the Committees on Finance, Post- 
 Offices and Claims. He was re-elected to the Senate 
 for the tenu ending in 1869, and was Chairman of the 
 Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 MorriU, Lot M. — Was born in Belgrade, Ken- 
 nebec County, Maine, in 1815 ; entered Waterville 
 College in 1884, but soon after commenced the study 
 of law; and in 1839 was admitted to the bar. He was 
 a member of the Maine Legislature in 1854 ; of the 
 Senate in 1856, and made its President ; he was elect- 
 ed Governor of Maine in 1858, and re-elected in 1859 
 and 1860 ; and in 1861 was elected a Senator in Con- 
 gress for the unexpired term of Hannibal Hamlin, 
 elected Vice-President of the United States. In the 
 Senate he served on the Committees on Commerce, 
 District of Columbia, and Claims. He was also a 
 member of the " Peace Congress" of 1861. He was 
 re-elected to the United States Senate in 1863, for the 
 term ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Expenses in the Senate and of that 
 ou the District of Columbia, of that also on Appro- 
 priations, and on that on Indian Affairs. He was also 
 re-elected to succeed William P. Fessenden for the 
 
 term ending in 1877, and serving as Chairman of the 
 Commitee on Appropriations. 
 
 3IorriU, Samuel P. — He was born in Chester- 
 ville, Franklin County, Maine, February 11, 1816 ; 
 received an academic education, and adopted the pro- 
 fession of a clergyman ; in 1857 he was elected for 
 five years. Register of Deeds for Franklin County ; 
 re-elected to the same ofiice in 1867 ; and in 1868, he 
 was elected a Representative from Maine to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Manufactures. 
 
 3Iorris, Calvtiry. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1837 to 1844. 
 
 Morris, Charles. — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania, to the Continental Congress from 1783 
 to 1784. 
 
 3Iorris, Daniel. — Bom in Seneca County, New 
 York, January 4, 1813 ; settled when quite young in 
 Yates County, and was bred a farmer. Having 
 educated himself, he taught school for a while, and 
 then adopted the profession of law, which he prac- 
 ticed with success. Was at one time District At- 
 torney for Yates County ; served one term in the 
 State Legislature, and was Chairman of the Judiciary 
 Committee ; and was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Judiciary 
 Committee. He is in the habit of delivering an 
 occasional lecture on literarj- topics. 
 
 Morris, Edirard Joif. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 
 Pennsylvania, July 15, 1817 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University ; was a member of the House of Represent- 
 atives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 1842, and 1843 ; and 
 elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress, as Represent- 
 ative from the First Congressional District ; was 
 appointed United States Charge d'Affaires to Naples 
 in 1850, where he remained four years. On his return 
 to Philadelphia was chosen a member of the Board of 
 Directors of Girard College. In 1856 was again 
 elected to the State Legislature, and in the fall of 
 that year was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 and was a member of the Committee for the District 
 of Columbia. As an author his publications are ; " A 
 Tour through Turkey, Greece and Egypt, Arabia 
 Petrasa," etc. ; " The Turkish Empire, Social and 
 Political/" " Afraja ; or. Life and Love in Norway" 
 (a translation) ; and also a translation from the Ger- 
 man of Gregozovius ; " Corsica, Social and Political," 
 etc. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign 
 Afiairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; 
 and in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, 
 Minister Resident to Turkey. 
 
 3Iorris, Goiiverneiir. — Minister from the 
 United States to France, and an eminent American 
 statesman and orator. Born in Morrisania, New 
 York, 1752, and graduated at King's College, in the 
 city of New York, in 1768. He was bred to the law, 
 came to the bar in 1771, and attained great celebrity 
 in the profession. In 1775 he was a Delegate to the 
 Provincial Congress from New York, and signed the 
 Articles of Confederation ; and was employed in the 
 public service in various capacities during the Revo- 
 lutionary contest, and in all of them displayed great 
 zeal and" ability. After the war of the Revolution he 
 retired from public life, although an active member 
 of the Convention which formed the present Consti- 
 tution of the United States, which instrument he 
 signed. He was a Commissioner to England in 1789. 
 He was the second President of the New York His- 
 
303 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 torical Society. In 1702 he was appointed Minister 
 to France, and remained in that capacity till October, 
 1794- He returned to America in 1798, and in 1800 
 •was chosen a Senator of the United States from New 
 York, serving tliree years. After retiring from Con- 
 gress, he spent seven years in Philadelphia. He died 
 November 6, 1816, aged Eixt)--four. His publications 
 were numerous. Selections from his papers, with a 
 sketch of his life, were published by Jared Sparks. 
 
 Morris, Isaac JV". — He is the fourth son of 
 Thomas Morris, and brother of Jonathan D. Morris ; 
 was born in Ohio, January 22, 1812. He studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in IS'iS ; in 1836 he emi- 
 grated to Illinois, and settled in Quincy, wliere he 
 still resides. In 1840 he was appointed Secretary of 
 State for Illinois, but declined the position ; in 1841 
 he was chosen President of the Illinois and Michigan 
 Canal Company ; in 1846 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature from Adams County ; in 18.56 he was 
 elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads 
 and Canals. In 1869 he was appointed a Commis- 
 sioner for the Paciiic Railroad. 
 
 Morris, James H. — He was bom in Greene 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1820 (his father, 
 Joseph Morris, having been a member of Congress in 
 1843 and 184.5), and, having become a resident of 
 Ohio, he was elected in 184lS to the Legislature of 
 that State ; and in 1800 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Public Buildings and 
 Grounds. In 1802 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee for the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Morris, Jonathan D. — He was the eldest son 
 cf Thomas Morris ; was born in Ohio ; and a lawyer 
 by profession. He served for twenty years as Clerk of 
 the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Sujireme Court 
 of Clermont County, Ohio ; and he was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Oliio from 1849 to 18.51. De- 
 voted to the practice of his profession for many years, 
 and died at Connersville, Indiana, May 16, 1875. 
 
 Morris, Joseph, — Born in Greene County, Penn- 
 sylvania, October 16, 1795. He was left an orphan at 
 the age of ten years, and, having been apprenticed to 
 the trade of a wheelwright, he continued to follow the 
 business until he was twenty-five years old. In 1824 
 he was elected Sheriff of his native county. In 1829 
 he removed to Ohio, and devoted himself to merchan- 
 dizing ; he was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1833 
 and 1834 ; he was Treasurer of Monroe County for 
 one year, and, while in that office, was elected to Con- 
 gress in 1843, and re-elected in 1845, serving two en- 
 tire terms. He died at Woodsfield, Ohio, October 23, 
 1854. 
 
 Morris, Letins. — BorninMorrisania, NewTork, 
 in 1726 ; graduated at Yale College in 1746 ; and 
 turned his attention to agriculture ; was a Delegate 
 from New York to the Continental Congress from 
 1775 to 1777 ; was one of the signers of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence ; served in the Legislature of 
 New York ; also in the field, and rose to tlie rank of 
 Major-General of Militia. Died in New York, Janu- 
 ary 22, 1798. He was a man of great worth and use- 
 fulness, and he left three sons who served with cred- 
 it in the army, and received the thanks of Congress, 
 and he also had a son in the Navy. 
 
 Morris. Lewis Ji. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont from 1797 to 1803. Died in 
 1825, aged sixty-eight years. 
 
 Morris, Mafhias. — A Representative in Con- 
 ! gress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1839, and was 
 much respected for his talents. He died at Doyles- 
 town, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1839, aged fifty- 
 four years. 
 
 Morris, Ttobert. — He was a native of England, 
 but came to the United States when a boy of thir- 
 teen, and settled in Philadelphia as a clerk, where he 
 spent the most of his life as an influential merchant 
 and financier. He was a member of the Congress of 
 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence, 
 and also the Articles of Confederation. In 1781 he 
 obtained the control of the American finances, and 
 rendered important services to his adopted country. 
 He was a member of the Convention which formed 
 the present Constitution, and signed that instrument ; 
 and was chosen a United States Senator, serving from 
 1789 to 1795, having been one of those who voted for 
 locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 Notwithstanding his valuable services to his country, 
 he passed the latter years of his life in imprisonment 
 for debt. Until the period of his impoverishment, 
 his house had been the scene of most liberal hos- 
 pitality. He died May 8, 1806, aged seventy-one 
 years. 
 
 Morris, Hohert, — He was born in 1735. Chief 
 Justice of New Jersey during the Revolution ; and a 
 United States Judge of the District Court from 1789 
 to the time of his death, which occurred at New Bruns- 
 wick, New Jersey, May 2, 1815. 
 
 Morris, Sanntel IV. — Born in 1788 ; was for 
 many years Judge of the District Court of Tioga 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a member of the 
 House of Representatives in Congress from 1837 to 
 1841. He died in Wellsborough, Pennsylvania, May 
 33, 1847. 
 
 Morris, Thomas. — He was for three years a 
 member of the New York Assembly, from Ontario 
 County ; and a Representative in Congress from 1801 
 to 1803. 
 
 Morris, Thomas. — He was born in Virginia, 
 Januarv 3. 1776, and was the son of a Baptist clergy- 
 man. When nineteen years of age he emigrated to 
 the valley of the Ohio, and settled near the present 
 site of Cincinnati, but two years afterwards removed 
 to the County of Clermont. In 18(t2, while engaged 
 in the avocation of a day laborer, and without an in- 
 structor, he commenced the study of law, adopted 
 the profession, and became eminent. In 1806 he was 
 elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and represented 
 Clermont County, either in the Senate or House, for 
 a period of twenty-four years, doing much to develop 
 the resources of his adopted State. He was also 
 Chief Judge of Ohio ; and he was elected a Senator 
 in Congress for the long tenn from 1833 to 1839. He 
 died December 7, 1844 ; and his Life and collected 
 speeches and writings liave been published in one 
 volume, under the supervision of his son, Rev. B. F. 
 Morris. While in Congress, he ably defended the 
 freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, and the 
 right of petition. Isaac N. and Jonathan D. Morris 
 were his sons. 
 
 Morrison, Georf/e jr. — He was born in Ver- 
 mont, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Hampshire from 1850 to 1851, and again from 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 3Iorri son, .Tames L. D. — He was born in Illi- 
 nois ; studied law and practiced it for many years ; 
 served as an officer in the Mexican war ; was elected 
 to the Senate of Illinois in 1854 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State during the third 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 303 
 
 session of the Thirty-fourth Congress, to fill a vacancy 
 occurring in the Eighth District. He subsequently 
 traveled in Europe. 
 
 Morrison, John A. — He was bom in Penn- 
 svlvania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 3Iorrisou, William It. — Was bom in Monroe 
 County, Illinois, September 14. 1835 ; received a lib- 
 eral education, and adopted the profession of law ; in 
 1833 was chosen Clerk of Monroe County, which office 
 he resigned to go into the State Legislature, where he 
 served three years ; and was Speaker of the House in 
 1859 ; served as a private in the Mexican war, fight- 
 ing under Colonel Bissell at Buena Vista ; after the 
 Eebelliori broke out, he organized the Foity-ninth 
 Keginient Illinois Volunteers, and was severely 
 wounded at Fort Donaldson ; and while in command 
 of his regiment in the field was elected a Representa-- 
 tive from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on the Militia. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con- 
 vention" of 1866, and the " New York Convention " 
 of 1868. Re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses, serving on various Committees. 
 In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of 
 the Committee on Ways and Means. 
 
 JUorriosei/, tjolin. — He was born in the town of 
 Templemore, Tipperary County, Ireland, February 
 13, 1831 ; emigrated to the United States when five 
 years of age, and, for many years, resided at Troy and 
 Lansingburg, in New York ; worked for a time in a 
 paper-mill, and afterwards learned the trade of a 
 brush manufacturer ; was subsequently engaged as 
 deck hand on a Hudson River steamer, and then be- 
 came a runner for a Steamboat Company in New York 
 city ; m 1833 he made his first appearance in Califor- 
 nia as a professional gladiator or pugilist ; returning 
 to New York he participated in several encounters, 
 which gave him a wide reputation in the sporting 
 world, and, after winning what is called the " Cham- 
 pionship," in 1858, he relinquished the profession. 
 He subsequently entered into politics, and in 1866 
 was elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Was a Dele- 
 gate to the New York Convention of 1868 ; and in 1875 
 elected to the Senate of New York. 
 
 3[orron', Jeremiah, — Bom in Pennsylvania, in 
 1770, but removed to the Northwest Territory, now 
 the State of Ohio, in 1795, and was chosen a member 
 of the Territorial Legislature in 1800. He was the 
 first Representative in Congress from Ohio, serving 
 from 1803 to 1813 ; and was a Senator in Congress 
 from 1813 to 1819, being appointed in 1814 a Com- 
 missioner to treat with the Indians. He was in 1831 
 a Presidential Elector, and Governor of Ohio from 
 1833 to 1826 ; subsequently a Canal Commissioner ; 
 was elected to Congress in 1840 for the unexpired 
 term of Thomas Corwin ; served also as a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, olBciating as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands ; and, 
 for several years before his death, was President of 
 the Little Miami Railroad Company. He d'cd in 
 Ohio, March 33, 1853. 
 
 Mome, Freeman II,— He was born in Bath, 
 Maine, February 18, 1807 ; was in the State Legisla- 
 ture from 1840 to 1844, and also in 1853 and 1856 ; 
 was Mayor of Bath three years ; was elected to Con- 
 gress in 1843, serving one term ; and was re-elected a 
 Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 Maine, serving as a member of the Committee on the 
 Cost of Public Printing, and that on Naval Affairs. 
 He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 
 and wa? a member of the Special Committee of Thirty- 
 three on the Rebellious States. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; and, by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, was appointed Consul at Loudon. 
 
 Morse, Isaac EtUvarrls. — Born in New Or- 
 leans, Louisiana, in 1809 ; educated at Partridge's 
 Military Academies at Norwich, in Vermont, and at 
 Middletown, in Connecticut ; graduated at Harvard 
 LTniversity in 1829 ; studied law in New Orleans, and 
 in Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative from 
 Louisiana in the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thir- 
 tieth, and Thirty-first Congresses, or from 1843 to 
 1851. He was subsequently Attorney-General of Lou- 
 isiana, and died in New Orleans, February 11, 1866. 
 
 Morse, O, A. — Born in Cherry Valley, Otsego 
 County, New York, March 26, 1815 ; graduated at 
 Hamilton College, New York ; studied law, but has 
 not practiced of late years ; and wa,s elected a Rep- 
 resentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, sei'ving as a 
 member of tlie Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Morsell, James S. — He was bom in Calvert 
 County, Maryland, January 10, 1775 ; received a good 
 education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 Qeorgeto^^Ti, District of Columbia, where he contin- 
 ued to reside the whole of his life ; he served as a 
 volunteer soldier in the War of 1813 ; in 1816 he was 
 appointed by President Madison a Judge of the United 
 States Court for the District of Columbia, and contin- 
 ued in that capacity until 1863, when that court was 
 abolished to make way for the new order of affairs. 
 He numbered among his intimate friends such men as 
 Francis Key, Roger Taney, and Walter Jones, all of 
 them first-class men in their day ; and he was also 
 personally acquainted with George Washington. He 
 died, after a long life of honor and usefulness, at the 
 residence of his daughter in Prince George County, 
 Maryland, January 11, 1870, having on the preceding 
 day completed his ninety-fifth year. 
 
 Morton, Jachson. — He was bom in Virginia, 
 and removing to Florida, was a Senator in Congress 
 from that State from 1849 to 1855. He subsequently 
 entered exteusively into the business of manufactur- 
 ing lumber in Florida. Served in the Rebellion as a 
 member of the Confederate Congress. 
 
 Morton, •Teremiah. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Morton, John, — Bom in Ridley, Delaware 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1724 ; spent Iiis boyhood on 
 his father's farm, and received a common English ed- 
 ucation ; in 1764 he was appointed a Justice of the 
 Peace ; was soon elected to the Assembly of the State ; 
 was a member of the New York Congress in 1765 ; in 
 1767 he became a County Sheriif , holding the office 
 three years ; was a Judge of the Supreme Court ; he 
 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 
 1777 ; and he died in April of the latter year. His 
 dying words were uttered in behalf of his distracted 
 country. 
 
 Morton, Marcus. — He was born in Freetown, 
 Massachusetts, December 19, 1784 ; graduated at 
 Brown University in 1804 ; studied law, and devoted 
 himself to politics ; in 1811 he was chosen Clerk of 
 the Massachusetts Senate ; he was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ma-sachu:-etts from 1817 to 1821 : in 
 1823 was a member of the Executive Council of that 
 State ; in 1824 was elected Lieutenant-Governor ; sub- 
 sequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachu- 
 setts from 1835 to 1840 ; and was Governor of the 
 State from 1840 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 
 
304 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 1844, chosen both times by one vote ; and was Collec- 
 tor of Boston froiu 1845 to 1849. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the " Constitutional Convention " of 1853 ; and 
 a member of the State Legislature m 1858. Died at 
 Taunton, February 6, 1864. 
 
 Morton, Oliver P. — He was born in Wayne 
 County, Indiana, August 4, 1823 ; was educated at the 
 Miami University ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1847 ; in 1853 he was elected Circuit Judge of the 
 Fifth Judicial Circuit of Indiana ; in 185(j he was 
 nominated by the Republicans for the office of Gov- 
 ernor of Indiana, but defeated ; in 1860 he was elected 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, and in 1861, on the 
 transfer of Governor H. S. Lane to the Senate, he 
 assumed the office of Governor and held it four 3-ears ; 
 in 1864 he was elected Governor for a second term ; 
 and in 1865, on account of his having been stricken 
 with paralysis, he visited Europe in the hope of im- 
 proving his health, but returned in 1866, and in spite 
 of continued ill-health resumed his executive duties. 
 In June, 1866, he delivered a political speech while 
 seated in his chair, which created much enthusiasm 
 in the State, and of which more than a million copies 
 were published in pamphlet form ; and on the subse- 
 quent meeting of the Legislature, in January, 1867. he 
 was elected by a remarkable vote a Senator in Con- 
 gress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Foreign Relations, Agriculture, Military 
 Affairs, and Private Land Claims. In 1870 he was 
 tendered the Mission to England, but declined ; and 
 was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 
 1879, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Privi- 
 leges and Elections. 
 
 Moselei/. Jonathan Of/den. — Born at East 
 Iladdam, Middlesex County, Connecticut ; was a grad- 
 uate of Yale College in 1780 ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from his native State from 1805 to 1821. He 
 subsequently removed to Michigan, and died at Sag- 
 inaw, in that State, September 9, 1839, aged seventy- 
 seven years. 
 
 Moseley, William A. — He graduated at Tale 
 College in 1816 ; was a member of the New York As- 
 sembly in 1835 ; of the State Senate from 1838 to 1841 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Mofielei/, WiJliam D. — He was Governor of 
 Florida from 1845 to 1849. 
 
 Moses, F. J., Jr. —He was Governor of South 
 Carolina from 1873 to 1875. 
 
 Motley, Johtl Lofhrop.— Was bom in Dor- 
 chester, Massachusetts, April 15, 1814 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1831 ; spent a year at each of 
 the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin, afterward 
 traveled in Italy, and then returned to America, where 
 he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836. In 
 1839 he published " Morton's Hope," a novel ; in 1840 
 he was Secretary of Legation to Russia, but soon re- 
 turned ; in 1849 he wrote " Merry Mount," and also 
 contributed articles to the Jfew York Review on De 
 Tocqueville's Democracy, and Goethe's writings ; and 
 to the North American Review on Peter the Great. 
 He went to Europe in 1851 to gather materials for a 
 history of the " Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic," 
 which was published in London in 1850 ; the work 
 was translated into the Dutdi, German, and French 
 languages, with an introduction by Guizot in the lat- 
 ter. In 1861 he published the " United Netherlands." 
 He was a member of the Institute of France, and other 
 learned societies of Europe and America. In 1861 he 
 ))ublished in the London l'ime.i an essay on "The 
 Causes of the American Civil War." In 1868 deliv- 
 ered an address on Historic Progress and American 
 Democracy. In November, 1806, was appointed Min- 
 
 ister Plenipotentiary to Austria ; and was recalled in 
 1867. He was Minister to England from AprO, 1869, to 
 November, 1870. 
 
 3Iotf, Gorden N. — Was born in Zanesville, 
 Ohio, October 21, 1812 ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1830 ; during the troubles in that year between 
 Mexico and Texas he served nine months as a volun- 
 teer in the Texan ser\'ice ; and soon after that returned 
 to Ohio, and settled in the practice of his profession in 
 Miami Connty. He also served as a Captain in the 
 war with Mexico, having raised the company he com- 
 manded, after which he again returned to his native 
 State. In 1849 he emigrated to California ; in 1800 
 was elected Judge of Sutter County ; in 1851 was ap- 
 pointed a District Judge ; in 1861 he was appointed by 
 President Lincoln a Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 Nevada Territory ; and in 1862 was elected a Delegate 
 from that Territory to the Thirty-eighth Congress. 
 
 Mott, James, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1801 to 1805. He had 
 previously been Treasurer of the State, and was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1809. 
 
 Mott, mchard. — Bom in Mamaroneck, West- 
 chester County, New York, July 21, 1804. He was 
 educated at the Quaker Seminary of "Nine Part- 
 ners," in Dutchess County, New York ; bred a mer- 
 chant, and has resided in Toledo, Ohio, for twenty 
 years ; was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and 
 re-elected to the Thirty-fifth. 
 
 Motfe, Isaac. — He was a Delegate from South 
 Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 
 1783. 
 
 3Ioulton, Mace. — He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire ; was Sheriff of Hillsborough County in 1845 ; 
 a State Councilor in 1848 and 1849 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 
 1847. 
 
 Moulton, Samuel Jf. — He was bom in Wen- 
 ham, Massachusetts, January 20, 1822 ; received a 
 common-school education ; after spending some years 
 in the Southern States he settled in Illinois in 1845 : 
 adopted the. profession of law ; was a member of the 
 Illinois Legislature from 1852 to 1859 ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1856 ; was the author of the pres- 
 ent common-school system of the State ; was chosen 
 President of the Board of Education of Illinois in 
 1859, and held the position in 1864, when he was 
 elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Terri- 
 tories, and Expenditures in the Navy Department, 
 and also on those on a Bureau of Education and Free 
 Schools in the District of Columbia. 
 
 3Ioiiltrie, William. — Born in South Carolina, 
 1731 ; had a good education ; and in 1761 was Captain 
 in the Cherokee Expedition ; member of the Provin- 
 cial Congress in 1775 ; was promoted to Colonel in 
 1775 ; and by planting a battery at Haddrill's Point 
 compelled two British vessels to move off ; was a 
 member of the Council of Safety ; in 1776 was or- 
 dered to Sullivan's Island, and his defense of Fort 
 Moultrie won for him great renown. In 1776 he was 
 made Brigadier-General ; in 1779 defeated a superior 
 British force near Beaufort. ; the same year he opposed 
 the advance upon Charleston, and held the city until 
 the ap])roach of General Lincoln ; also distinguished 
 himself in 1780 at Charleston, and was imprisoned 
 until exchanged for General Burgoyne ; was Major- 
 General in 1782 ; and was Governor of South Carolina 
 from 1785 to 1786 ; and from 1794 to 1796. While 
 prisoner,'he wrote his " Memoirs." Died in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, September 37, 1805. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 305 
 
 Moiifoii, Alexander, — He was a Senator in 
 Congress from Louisiana from 1837 to 1841, and Gov- 
 ernor of the State from 1841 to 1845. Tooli part in the 
 Eebellion, and was killed on the Red River, Ajjril 9, 
 1864. 
 
 Moti'er, Horace. — He was born in Vermont, 
 and removed to Michigan, from whicli State he was 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 THoivrf/, Daniel, Jr. — He was a resident of 
 Smithfield, Rliode Island, which he represented in 
 the Colonial General Assembly at the time when they 
 passed the act which renounced allegiance to the 
 king. He was .Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
 in Rhode Island ; was elected a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress from that State in 1781. Although 
 the intention was to keep only two Delegates in Con- 
 gress, four were elected, with instructions to serve 
 alternately, each couple for six months. Vamum and 
 Mowry were to have the first six months, and Collins 
 and Ellery the second. 
 
 JUtiflfl, Ignatius. — He was appointed in 1850 
 Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of 
 Columbia, holding the position until 1851. 
 
 3IuJilenberff, Francis Samuel, — Was bom 
 
 in Philadelphia, April 22, 1795 ; received a liberal ed- 
 ucation ; studied law, and was Private Secretary of 
 Governor Heister of Pennsylvania. He removed to 
 Ohio ; became a memlier of the Legislature of that 
 State ; and was a Representative from Ohio in the 
 Twentieth Congress. Died in Pickaway County, Ohio, 
 in 1833. 
 
 ■ '3/uJilenberff, Frederick Aufftisfus. — Broth- 
 er o^,gB#. Muhlenberg ; was bom at the Trappe, 
 Junes, 1750 ; was ordained to the ministry of the Lu- 
 theran Church in Germany. On his return he ottici- 
 ated in country churches in Pennsylvania, and in a 
 church in New York city, which he left when the 
 British entered. In 1779 and 1780 he was elected to 
 the Continental Congress by the Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania. For three years following he was a mem- 
 ber of and Speaker of the State Legislature. He was 
 a member of and President of the Council of Censors, 
 and took an efficient part in calling the Convention of 
 1790, which revised the State Constitution. He was 
 President of the State Convention called to consider 
 the ratification of the Federal Constitution, to which 
 he gave an earnest support. He was a member of the 
 First, Second, Third, and Fourth Congresses ; was 
 Speaker of the House in the First and Third Con- 
 gresses ; and was one of those who voted for locating 
 the Seat of Government on the Potomac, As Chair- 
 man of the Committee of the Whole, he gave his cast- 
 ing vote in favor of the law required to carry Jay's 
 Treaty into effect. He was Register of the Land 
 Office of Pennsylvania, under Governors Mifflin and 
 McKean, holding which office he died at Lancaster, 
 on June 4, 1801. 
 
 Muhlenbcrff, Henri/ Autjusfus. — Son of 
 Rev. Dr. Henry Ernestus and nephew of J. P. G. and 
 F. A. Muhlenberg; was bom at Lancaster, Pennsyl- 
 vania, May 13, 1783. Carefully educated by his very 
 learned father, he was ordained to the Lutheran Min- 
 istry in 1803. He was called to Trinity Church, 
 Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1803, and remained a mo.st 
 acceptable pastor of that congregation iintil 1838, 
 when for ill-health and other causes he resigned the 
 ministry. He was President of the Lutheran Ministeri- 
 um of Pennsylvania, as had been his father and grand- 
 father before him. He was elected a Representative 
 
 20 
 
 from Pennsylvania to Congress in 1828, and served 
 from March 4, 1839, until February, 1838, when he 
 resigned his seat and accepted the Mission to Austria, 
 about that time created. President Van Buren offered 
 him the Navy Department, when forming his Cabinet, 
 and the Mission to Russia, both of which he declined. 
 In 1835 he was the candidate of a portion of the Dem- 
 ocratic Party for Governor, and in 1838 appointed 
 Minister to Austria. In 1840 he was recalled at his 
 own request from Austria. In 1844 he was nominated 
 for the Governorship by the Democratic Party, but 
 during the canvass died suddenly at Reading, on 
 the 13th of August of that year. He was greatly be- 
 loved by the people, and greatly deserved their love 
 as an upright man and able statesman. 
 
 Muhlenberff, Henry Auf/usfus. — A son of 
 
 Henry A. Muhlenberg, before mentioned, was born at 
 Reading, Pennsylvania, in July, 1833. He received 
 an excellent education, availing himself to the fullest 
 extent of every advantage offered to him. Graduated 
 at Dickinson College ; studied law for four years, and 
 was admitted to the bar in July, 1844. He was elected 
 to the State Senate in 1848, of which body he at once 
 became a leading member ; he served his term of 
 three years. He wrote a Life of General Muhlenberg. 
 Was elected a member of the Thirty-third Congress, 
 in which body he appeared but for one day ; sicken- 
 ing with typhoid fever, he was never able to resume 
 his seat, and died at Washington, January 9, 1854, to 
 the great regret of a constituency which anticipated 
 for him a long and distinguished career in the public 
 service. 
 
 Muhlenberff, John Peter Gabriel.— Son of 
 
 Henry Melchior Muhlenberg ; was born at the Trappe, 
 Pennsylvania, October 1, 1746. He was sent to Halle, 
 in Germany, with his two younger brothers, Frederick 
 A. and Henry E., in 1763, for education. The three 
 brothers were devoted to the Christian ministry. 
 Peter was ordained Deacon in the Church of England, 
 on April 31, 1773, by the Bishop of London ; a few 
 days after. Priest, In company with William White, 
 afterwards Bishop. Returning to America he was 
 settled over a charge in Dunmore, now Shenandoah 
 County, Virginia. In 1774 he was elected to the 
 House of Burgesses of that Colony. At the breaking 
 out of the Revolution, his ardent sympathies with it 
 carried him into the army. In his farewell sei-mon he 
 told his people, " There was a time for all things, — a 
 time to preach and a time to fight, and that now was 
 the time to fight." He raised the Eighth Virginia 
 Regiment, and was made Colonel of it. His first 
 campaign was in South Carolina and Georgia. On 
 February 31, 1777, he was made Brigadier-General, in 
 which capacity he served with distinguished gallantry 
 at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, Stony Point, 
 in Virginia, and at Yorktown, where he commanded 
 the First Brigade of Light Infantry, in making the 
 final assault with which he was wounded. In the 
 last promotion he was made Major-General. After the 
 war he was elected Vice-President of Pennsylvania.; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1797: membeV of the 
 First, Third, and Sixth Congresses, from Pennsylva- 
 nia ; and United States Senator in 1801, which officehe 
 resigned in 1803. He left the Senate in 1803, and' was 
 appointed Supervisor of Revenue for Pennsylvania in 
 that year ; Collector of the port of Philadelphia in 
 181W, holding which office he died, October 1, 1807. 
 
 3Iullett, Ja nies. — He was for a long period Judge 
 of the Ei^th Judicial District of the Supreme Court 
 of the State of New York, and died at Fredouia in 
 that State, September 10, 1858. 
 
 Mullin, Joseph, — He was a native of Ireland, 
 and a Representative in Congress from New Tort 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
306 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Muffins, James, — He was bom in Bedford 
 
 County, Tennessee, September 13, 1807 ; received a 
 limited education while working upon his father's 
 farm ; on becoming of age he turned his attention to 
 the milling business, and suljseqiiently became a mill- 
 wright, which business he followed until 1829. In 
 18-)1 he was made a Colonel of Militia ; from 1840 to 
 1846 he was a County Sheriff ; in 1863, on account of 
 his devotion to the Union, he was compelled to flee 
 from his home for safety, and resided within the Fed- 
 eral lines at Nashville : he became a Staff Officer and 
 participated in the battle of Murfreesborough ; also 
 took part in the assault on Hoover's Gap ; he was a 
 Delegate to the "Nashville Convention" of 1865; 
 was elected to the State Legislature in the same year, 
 and made Speaker.; and in 1867 he was elected a 
 Representative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and 
 Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 3Iumfor(f, George. — Born in Rowan County, 
 North Carolina. He represented it in the General 
 Assembly in 1810 and 1811 ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1817 to 1819, having died in Wash- 
 ington before the expiration of his term, December 
 31, 1818. 
 
 3Iin»for(J, Giirdon S. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1805 to 1811. 
 
 Munffen, Wiffinni. — He was born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, May 12, 1821 ; removed with his parents 
 to Ohio in 18^0 ; he received the rudiments of his ed- 
 ucation from his mother, but afterwards obtained a 
 knowledge of the Latin and German languages ; 
 spent his youth engaged in agricultural pursuits ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was for some years 
 the publisher and editor of the Democratic Courier, 
 published in Findlay, Ohio ; in 1846 and 1848 he was 
 chosen a County Auditor ; in 1851 he was elected to 
 the State Senate and declined a re-election ; was a 
 Delegate to the Democratic " Cincinnati Convention " 
 of 1856, to the "Charleston and Baltimore Conven- 
 tions" of 1860, and to the Philadelphia "National 
 Union Convention" of 1866. He served during the 
 Rebellion under General Sherman, as Colonel of the 
 Fifty-seventh Ohio Volunteers, which he raised, from 
 1861 to 1863, when he resigned on account of ill- 
 health. On recovering his laealth he was appointed 
 the State Agent to visit all the Ohio troops in the 
 Department of Tennessee with poll-books and tally- 
 sheets ; in 1864 he was appointed to perfonnthe same 
 duty for the Ohio troops in the Army of tlie Potomac; 
 and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on the Niagara Ship Canal, the Union Prisoners, 
 and Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress. . 
 
 Munroe, if antes, — He was bom in Virginia ; 
 graduated at West Point in 1815 : and, having re- 
 moved to New York, was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from that State, serving from 1839 to 1841. 
 He was a member of the Assembly of New York in 
 1830 and 1852, and a State Senator during the three 
 subsequent years. Died in New Jersey in 1870. 
 
 Miitiroe, Tliomas. — He became a citizen of 
 Washington about the time of the removal of the 
 Seat of Government from Philadelphia, and in 1803 
 he was appointed Superintendent or Commissioner of 
 Public Buildings for the District of Columbia. 
 
 3Iiinson, Lt/nian E, — He was appointed Chief 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Montana. 
 
 Mnrfree, Wifliam H. — Bom in Hertford 
 County, North Carolina ; graduated at Chapel Hill in 
 1801, and, having studied law, was a successful advo- 
 cate. He served in the State Legislature in 1805, 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817, 
 and was Presidential Elector in 1813. In 1825 he 
 emigrated to Tennessee, and soon after died at Nash- 
 ville. 
 
 Mtir2>tiif, Chartes, — He was born in South 
 Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Murpliy, Henri) C. — He was born in Brooklyn. 
 New York, in 1810 ; graduated at Columbia College 
 in 1830 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1833 ; was at one time attorney for the City of Brook- 
 lyn ; was elected Mayor of that city in 1842 ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 
 to 1849 ; and by President Buchanan was appointed 
 Minister to the Hague. In his tastes he was decided- 
 ly literary, and has devoted much attention to the in- 
 vestigation of the early history of his native State. 
 On his return from Europe he was elected to the 
 Legislature of New York, serving both in the Assem- 
 bly and Senate ; and he was also a Delegate to the 
 " State Constitutional Convention" of 1867 ; and was 
 re-elected to the State Senate in 1868 and 1869. In 
 1868 he published a translation from the Dutch en- 
 titled " Journal of a Voyage to New York, in 1679, 
 1680 ; " and was a Delegate to the New York Conven- 
 tion of that year. 
 
 Mttrpli »/, Isaae, — He was Governor of Arkan- 
 sas from 1864 to 1868. 
 
 Mitrpfti/, •ToJin. — He was a native of South Caro- 
 lina ; graduated at the Soutli Carolina College in 
 1808 ; was Clerk of the Senate of South Carolina ; 
 Trustee of his Alma Mater ; removed to Alabama in 
 1817 ; was Governor of Alabama from 1835 to 1829, 
 and a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1835. He died in Clark County, Ala- 
 bama, September 31, 1841, in the fifty-sixth year of 
 his age. 
 
 Miirpfii/, fToltn L, — He was bom in Tennessee 
 and was appointed an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for the Territory of Montana, residing 
 in Virginia City. 
 
 3Iiirpfi!/, triffiani S, — He was a citizen of 
 Ohio, and in 1843 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires 
 to the Republic of Texas, and died at Galveston, July 
 13, 1844. 
 
 3£iirrafi, Pendfeton, — lie was born in Alaba- 
 ma ; graduated at Brown University in 1848 ; and 
 was Governor of Texas from 1863 to 1865. He died 
 at Monterey, Mexico, September 23, 1865. 
 
 Jliirroy, Ambrose S. — He was born in New 
 York, and was elected a Rejiresentative from that 
 State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Mileage. 
 
 Murray, HiigJi C, — He emigrated to Califor- 
 nia in 1830 ; became a member of the City Govern- 
 ment of San Francisco ; was also President Judge of 
 the Superior Court there ; and was subsequently made 
 a Judge and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the State. Died in San Francisco, September 18, 
 1857. 
 
 3Iiirray, tToIni.—He was bom in Lancaster, 
 Pennsvlvania, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State, from 1817 to 1831. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Murray, Jolin X.— He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Kentuclcy, from 1838 to 1839. 
 
 Mltrrtnf, Thomas. — He was bom in Northum- 
 berland Count}-, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- \ 
 sentative in Congress from that State, from 1831 to 
 1823. ! 
 
 Mlirray, IViUinm. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress, from , 
 that State, from 1851 to 1855. \ 
 
 Murraji, William Vans. — He was bom in 
 
 Mai-yland about the year 1761. In 1T83 he went to 
 London, and entered as a student of law at the Tem- 
 ple, and remained three years. On returning to his 
 native State he engaged in the practice of law, but 
 was soon elected to a seat in the Legislature. In 1791 
 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and con- 
 tinued in that position until 1797, when he declined 
 being a candidate. He was appointed by AVashington 
 Minister to the Netherlands ; and. in connection with 
 Jlr. Ellsworth and Mr. Davie, he negotiated a treaty 
 with France in 1800. lie returned to the United 
 States in 1801, and died December 11, 1803. He pos- 
 sessed great Iveenness of wit and delicacy of taste, 
 and was distinguished for his eloquence, having a 
 mind well stored with science and literature. 
 
 Mafcfifer, William. — Born in Northhampton 
 County, Pennsylvania, December 21, 1831 ; brought 
 up on a farm ; received an academic education ; studied 
 law at Easton, and went to the bar in that place ; in 
 18(i0 elected Prothonotary of his native county, and 
 re-elected in 1863 ; was for two years an Assessor of 
 Internal Revenue ; in 1809 and 1870 he was Chairman 
 of the Democratic State Committee, and in 1874 was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he was 
 appointed Cliainnan of the Committee on Expend- 
 itures in the Interior Department. 
 
 Muter, George, — Was a soldier of the Revolu- 
 tion ; appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Warshall's 
 Virginia Artillery Regiment in 1777 ; and was Chief 
 Justice of Kentucky. He died May 9, 1811. 
 
 3Ijfers, Amos, — Born in Lancaster County, 
 Pennsylvania, April 23, 1824 ; received a good aca- 
 demic education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1840. In 1847 he was appointed a District Attorney ; 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the 
 Navy Department, and a member of the Committee on 
 MUeage. 
 
 3Ii/ers, Tjeonard, — He was bom in Attle- 
 borough, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 13, 
 1837 ; received a liberal education and adopted the 
 profession of law ; was Solicitor for two fvlunicipal 
 Districts in Philadelphia ; digested the ordinances for 
 the consolidation of the city, and has translated sev- 
 eral works from the French. He was elected, in 
 1862, a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Patents and Expenditures in the Post-office De- 
 partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenditures 
 in the Post-office Department, and the Special Com- 
 mittee on the Civil Service. Re-elected to the Forti- 
 eth Congress, and was placed on the Committees on 
 Foreign Affairs and Patents. Re-elected to the three 
 succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Patents. 
 
 yabers, Henjamin D, — He was bom in Ten- 
 nessee ; and, on removing to Mississippi, was elected 
 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1851 to 1853. Returning to Tennessee, he was a 
 Presidential Elector, in 1801, from that State. 
 
 y^ash, vlfo/K")'.— He was of Welsh descent, and 
 born in Prince Edward County, Virginia ; was edu- 
 cated for the bar ; he was the first elected Speaker of 
 the North Carolina Senate, serving several terms ; 
 was the second Governor of the State under the Con- 
 stitution, in 1781 ; from 1783 to 1785 he was in the 
 Assembly ; and was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1783 to 1780, Died during the latter 
 year, while on his way to Philadelphia to take his seat 
 in Congress, at New York, December 3, 1786. He 
 was a true patriot, sparing neither health nor property 
 in the cause of his country. 
 
 yash, C E, — Bora in Opelousas, Parish of St. 
 Landry, IjOuisiana, May 23, 1844 ; received a common- 
 school education in New Orleans ; enlisted as a private 
 soldier in the Corps d'Afrique in 1863, and was pro- 
 moted to the rank of sergeant-major of the regiment ; 
 lost a leg at Fort Blakely, and was honorably dis- 
 charged in 1805 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Re]3re- 
 sentative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Wash, Frcdericl:, — Bom at Newbern, North 
 Carolina, February 9, 1781 ; graduated at New .Jer^■ey 
 College in 1799 ; studied law ; was a member of the 
 House of Commons in 1804 and 1805 ; removed to 
 Hillsborough in 1808 ; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1814 and 1815, aud in 1837 and 1828 ; was a 
 Judge of the Superior Court from 1818 to 1836, and 
 from 1836 to 1844, when he was made Judge of the 
 Supreme Court, and filled that office till his death. 
 Died in Hillsborough, North Carolina, December 4, 
 1858. 
 
 Nash, •Tolm W. — He was a native of Virginia; 
 liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law ; 
 served a number of years in the State Legislature, 
 and was, for ten years, a Judge of the District Court 
 of Virginia. Died at Powhatan, Virginia, Jul}' 17, 
 1859. 
 
 Nauflaiti, Arnold. — He was born in Delaware ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1806 ; and was a 
 Senator in Congress from Delaware from 1829 to 1836. 
 Died in Odessa, Delaware, January 4, 1873. 
 
 Xai/lor, Charles. — Bom in the County of Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania, October 0, 1806 ; educated a 
 lawyer ; admitted in 1838 to the bar of Philadelphia, 
 and was there for some years, extensively engaged in 
 practice. He repreiented his native district in Con- 
 gress from 1837 to 1841. In 1846 he raised in Phila- 
 delphia a company of volunteers, and, as their cap- 
 tain, took part in tlie war with Mexico ; rendezvoused 
 at tlie Island of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico ; landed 
 with the invading army at Vera Cruz ; was active in 
 the operations before that city, and in most of the en- 
 gagements in General Scott's line. Upon the fall of 
 the City of Mexico, September 14, 1847, he was ap- 
 pointed Governor of the National Palace (the " Halls 
 of the Montezuraas "), and keeper of the archives and 
 property of that Republic ; and continued to liold 
 that place and to aid in the administration of the 
 government of the city till the final evacuation of it 
 by the Amei'ican array. June 12, 1848. He had filled 
 many posts of trust and honor in his native State. 
 Died in Philadelphia, December 24, 1873. 
 
 Keal,Ijarrrcnce T, — He was born in Parkers- 
 burg, Virginia, September 22, 1844 ; educated at- the 
 Asbury Academy ; removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 
 1864 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1866; was Solicitor of Chillicothe in 1867; was elected 
 
303 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 to the Legislature in 18G7 ; was Attorney of Koss 
 County in 1870, and held that office until 1873, when 
 lie resigned, and was elected to the Forty-third and 
 Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on | 
 the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Keale, Raphael. — He was born in St. Mary's 
 County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1819 to 1825. 
 
 Negleij, •Tames H, — Born in Alleghany County, 
 Pennsylvania, December 33, 1836 ; educated at the 
 Western University ; served in the war with Mexico ; 
 entered the volunteer service in 18G1, raised a brigade 
 in three days, and was made a Brigadier-General; was 
 the first to direct public attention to the removal of 
 arms from the Alleghany Arsenal for the use of rebels ; 
 joined the army of General Sherman with his brigade, 
 and succeeded General Buel in Tennessee ; defended 
 Nashville in 1863 ; was promoted to a Major-General 
 for gallant services at Stone Kiver ; served with credit 
 in the Campaign of Tallahoma, Alabama, and Geor- 
 gia ; and he was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Military Affairs, Enrolled Bills, arid 
 Revolutionary Claims ; also rejelected to the two suc- 
 ceeding Congresses, serving on important Commit- 
 tees. 
 
 Neilson, tTohii. — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1779. 
 
 kelson, Albert IFoha ft. — Born at Milford, 
 Massachusetts, March 13, 1813 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1833 ; admitted to the bar and practiced 
 law in Concord until 1843, when he removed to \Vo- 
 burn, and had his office in Boston. He was several 
 years District Attorney for Middlesex and Essex ; 
 State Senator in 1848 and 1819 ; a member of the Ex- 
 ecutive Council in 1855 ; and a few months afterward 
 appointed Chief Justice of the Superior Court. Died 
 at Somerville, Massachusetts, June 37, 1858. 
 
 Nelson, Homer A . — He was bom in Pough- 
 lieepsie. New York, August 31, 1839 ; adopted the 
 profession of law. In 1855 he was elected Judge of 
 Dutchess County for four years, and in 1859 was re- 
 elected for a second term, and in 1863 he was elected 
 a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on tlie Committees on Indian Affairs 
 and Unfinished Busme.ss. In 1857 Rutgers College, 
 of New Jersey, conferred upon him the degree of 
 Master of Arts, and at the time of his election to Con- 
 gress he was Colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 ninth Regiment of New York Volunteers, which he 
 resigned. He was also a Delegate to the " State Con- 
 stitutional Convention " of 1867 ; and a few months 
 afterwards he was elected Secretary of State, and re- 
 elected in 1868 and 1869. 
 
 Nelson, Hiif/7i. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 was at one time Speaker of the House of Delegates of 
 Virginia ; a Judge of the General Court ; a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1809 ; a member of Congress from 
 1811 to 1833 ; and immediately afterwards appointed 
 American Minister to Spain. He died in Albemarle 
 County, March 18, 1836. 
 
 Nelson, .Jeremiah. — He was born in Rowley, 
 Essex County, Massachusetts, September 14, 1769 ; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1790 ; settled in 
 Newburyport, Massachusetts, as a merchant ; served 
 as a Representative in Congress from .Massachusetts 
 from 1805 to 1807, and again from 1815 to 1833 ; and 
 died at Newburyport, October 3, 1838. 
 
 Xelson , .John . — He was born in Frederick, Mary- 
 laud, in ) 791 ; graduated at William and Mary College 
 
 in 1811 ; was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1831 to 1833 ; in 1831 was appointed Charge 
 d' Affaires to the Two Sicilies ; and in 1844 was ap- 
 pointed Attorney-General of the United States by 
 President Tyler. Died in Baltimore, January 8, 1860, 
 aged sixty-nine years. Received the degree of A.M. 
 from tlie College of New Jersey. 
 
 Nelson, Roger. — Born in Maryland ; was a Gen- 
 eral in the Revolutionary War ; received several 
 severe wounds at the battle of Camden, and was left 
 on the field ; after the war he studied law, and prac- 
 ticed with success ; he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maryland from 1804 to 1810 ; was several 
 years in the Virginia Legislature ; and from 1810 to 
 1815 was Judge of the Upper District of that State ; 
 he was the father of John Nelson, and died at Freder- 
 icktown, Maryland, June 7, 1815, at an advanced age. 
 
 Nelson, R. R. — He was born in Cooperstown, 
 New York, May 13, 1836 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1846 : studied law, and came to the bar in New 
 York city in 1849 ; removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 
 1850 ; in 1857 he was appointed an Associate Justice 
 of the Su])reme Court of the Territory ; and in 1858 
 District Judge of the United States for the State of 
 Minnesota. In 1875 an opinion which he delivered 
 on the Civil Rights Bill attracted much attention for 
 its liberality. 
 
 Nelson, Sam uel, — He was born in Hebron, Wash- 
 ington County, New York, November 10, 1793, of Irish 
 descent; graduated at Middlebury College, A'ermont, in 
 1813; studied law, and came to the bar of New York in 
 1817 ; located himself in Cortland County, where he 
 practiced his profession with great success ; in 1830 
 he was a Presidential Elector ; was a Delegate to the 
 "State Constitutional Convention " of 1831 ; during 
 the same year was appointed Postmaster of Cortland 
 Village : in 1833 he was made Judge of the Circuit 
 Court, which he held for eight years ; in 1831 he was 
 appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State; 
 in 1837 he was made Chief Justice and held the posi- 
 tion until 1845, when he was apjioiiited by President 
 Tyler a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. In 1846 he was elected a Delegate to the 
 "State Convention" of that }-ear, but declined to 
 serve. He received the degree of LL. D. from Middle- 
 bury College, Columbia College, and Geneva College, 
 and a sketch of his career was published in the 
 "Pioneers of Cortland County," by H. C. Goodwin. 
 Died at Cooperstown, New York, December 13, 1873. 
 
 Xelson, Thomas. — He was born in Peekskill, 
 New York, January 23, 1819 ; son of William Nelson, 
 formerly in Congress ; graduated at Williams College 
 in 1836 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in New 
 York ; visited Europe in 1843 ; and in 1851 he was 
 appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court 
 for the Territory of Oregon. 
 
 Nelson, Thomas, ,Tr. — Bom in York, Virginia, 
 December 26, 1738 ; was educated at Trinity College, 
 England ; was devoted to farming and something of 
 a sportsman ; in 1774 he was elected to the House of 
 Burgesses, and took a bold stand in favor of liberty ; 
 was re-elected to that position; after attending various 
 local conventions, he was elected a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and again 
 from 1779 to 1780, and was a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence. He took some part in the military 
 affairs of the time as a Brigadier-General ; served in 
 the State Legislature ; in 1781 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia ; he was present at the siege of 
 Yorktown, acquitted himself with ability, and was 
 publicly thanked by Washington ; retired to private 
 life in 1781 ; and died in January, 1789. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 309 
 
 Nelson, Thomas A. S. — He was born in Ten- 
 nessee ; was bred alawj-er ; was a Presidential Elect- 
 or in 1848 ; in 1851 he was appointed b3' President 
 Fillmore, a Commissioner to China ; served as a Rep- 
 resentative from that State in the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, and was a member of the Special Committee of 
 Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was pre- 
 vented from taking his seat by the forcible action of 
 the Rebel Government. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 
 18G6 ; and in March, 1868, he acted as one of the Coun- 
 sel for President Andre%v Johnson, before the High 
 Court of Impeachment, and was a Delegate to the 
 New York Convention of that year. 
 
 Nelson, Thomas H, — Born in Mason County, 
 Kentucky, about 1824 ; removed early in life to Rock- 
 ville, and afterward to Terre Haute, Indiaua, where 
 he became prominent in law and politics ; he was 
 Minister to Chili from 1861 to 1866 ; and appointed 
 Minister to Mexico, March, 1869. He was one of the 
 founders of the Republican Party in the West. 
 
 Nelson, Thomas 31. — He was born in Virginia 
 in 1T82 ; served with distinction in the war of 1812 
 as a Captain of Infantry : after the war he was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Major, but resigned his commis- 
 sion ; was a Representative in Congress from his na- 
 tive State from 1816 to 181!), when he declined a 
 re-election, and retired to private life. He died No- 
 vember 10, 1853. 
 
 Nelson, WillUim. — Born in Clinton, Dutchess 
 County, New York, June 29, 1784 ; he received an 
 academical education; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1807 ; was District Attorney for the 
 Counties of Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland, for 
 a period of thirty years ; was a member of the Assem- 
 bly of New York in 1819 and 1820, and a State Senator 
 in 1823 ; and he was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1847 to 1851. He was a resi- 
 dent of Peekskill, where he died October 2, 1869. 
 
 Nes, Jlenri/. — Bom in York, Pennsylvania, in 
 1799, and was educated a physician. He was fre- 
 quently called to fill places of trust and responsibility 
 in his native town, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1846 to 1850, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid 
 Pensions. He was retiring in his habits, but had 
 many devoted friends. He died September 10, 1850. 
 
 Nesbiff, Jf'ilson. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Ncsniifh, •lames JT. — Was bom in Washing- 
 ton County, Maine. July 23, 1820 ; when quite young 
 removed to New Hampshire, and in 1838 emigrated 
 to Ohio ; subsequently spent some time in Missouri ; 
 and in 1843 emigrated to Oregon. In 1848 and 1853 
 he commanded, as a Captain, two expeditions against 
 the Indians ; in 1853 he was appointed United States 
 Marshal for Oregon, which he resigned in 1855, and 
 had the command of a regiment ; in 1857 he was ap- 
 pointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon 
 and Washington Territories ; and was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress from Oregon for the full term begin- 
 ning in 1861 and ending in 1867, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Military Affairs and Indian Affairs, and 
 also the Special Committee appointed to visit the In- 
 dian tribes of the West, and the Committees on Com- 
 merce and Revolutionary Claims. In 1866 he was 
 appointed a visitor to the West Point Academy, and 
 was one of the Senators designated to attend the fune- 
 ral of General Scott. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadeli>!iia "National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 He v.a^ Lu'o_-equeatly appointed Minister to Austria^ 
 
 but not confirmed ; and, while devoting himself to 
 farming in Oregon, was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, in place of J. J. Wilson, deceased. 
 
 Neville, Joseph. — Born in 1730 ; was a Revolu- 
 tionary officer. Brigadier of State Militia, and Com- 
 missioner to run the boundary line between Virginia 
 and Pennsylvania. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1795. Died in Hardy 
 County, Virginia, March 4, 1819. 
 
 Netv, Anthony. — He was bom in Gloucester 
 County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1805 ; and, on taking 
 up his residence in Kentucky, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 
 1813, from 1817 to 1818, and from 1821 to 1823. 
 
 New, ,John, C — He was born in Vernon, Indiana, 
 July 6, 1831 ; graduated at Bethany College, Virginia, 
 in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar in ^dian- 
 apolfs ; in 1856 he was appointed Clei-k of the Marion 
 County Courts, and re-appointed ; in 1861 he was ap- 
 pointed Quartermaster-General of Indiana, serving as 
 such until elected to the State Senate ; he also acted, 
 for a time, as Financial Secretary to Governor Mor- 
 ton, and assisted in the management of the finances 
 of the State ; in 1865 he was elected Cashier of the 
 First National Bank of Indianapolis, serving as such 
 until appointed by President Grant, in 1875, without 
 solicitation on his part, as Treasurer of the United 
 States. 
 
 New, J. D. — Bom in Vernon, Indiana, Novem- 
 ber 28, 1830 ; was educated at Bethany College, West 
 Virginia ; began the practice of law in 1856 ; elected 
 District Prosecuting Attorney in 1802, and served tv/o 
 years ; elected Judge of Common Pleas in 1864, and 
 served four years ; and has since been actively en- 
 gaged in his profession. 
 
 Newbold, Thomas, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Jersey from 1807 to 1813 ; after 
 which he served in the Legislature of that State. 
 Died in Burlington County, of apoplexy, in December, 
 1823. ■ ^ 
 
 Neivconib, C. A. — He was born in Mercer 
 County, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1830 ; received a clas- 
 sical education ; adopted the profession of law ; de- 
 voted much attention to the business of fruit-growing, 
 especially to l^e culture of the grape ; removed to 
 Iowa, and was a Circuit Judge for two years ; Judge 
 of a County Court for three years ; settled in Mis- 
 souri, and was elected, for two years, to the Legisla- 
 ture of that State, and in 1866 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Roads 
 and Canals. 
 
 Neivcomb, Simon. — He was bom in the town 
 of Wallace, Nova Scotia in 1835 ; received his early 
 education from his father, who taught a District 
 school ; studied Algebra, Geometry, and Latin, while 
 working on a farm ; when eighteen years of age re- 
 moved to Maryland with his father, and taught 
 school himself for three years. Having made the 
 acquaintance of Professor Joseph Henry, by corres- 
 pondence on scientific subjects, he was recommended 
 for employment as Computer on the Nautical 
 Almanac at Cambridge ; in 1858 he received from 
 Harvard L'niversity the degree of Bachelor of 
 Science ; in 1861 he was appointed a Professor in the 
 Navy, and assigned to the National Observatory ; 
 where he has ever since been engaged in Astronomi- 
 cal observations, and acquired a wide reputation 
 throughout the world, by the publication of various 
 investigations of great Lmportauce. The Great Tele- 
 
310 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Ecopo now at the Observatory was the fruit of a sug- 
 gestion which he made. In 18G9 he was elected a 
 member of the National Academy of Sciences, in 1873, 
 an Associate of the Royal Astronomical Society, and 
 in 1874 corresponding member of the Institute of 
 France. lu the latter year he received a gold medal 
 for Astronomical labors from the Roj'al Astronomi- 
 cal Society, and in 1875 was selected by the Univer- 
 sity of Leyden, at the celebration of the three hun- 
 dredth anniversary, to receive the honorary degree of 
 Doctor of JIathematics and Physics. 
 
 Kcivell, William A. — ^He was born in Ohio; 
 graduated at Rutgers College ; was educated for the 
 medical profession ; and, on taking ujj his residence 
 in New Jersey, was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 18-17 to 1851, serving on the Committees 
 on Revolutionary Claims and Roads and Canals. In 
 1850 was elected Governor of New Jersey for the 
 term ending in 1860, and was a Delegate to the " Bal- 
 timore Convention " of ISG-t. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress in 1864, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Revolutionary Claims, Foreign Affairs, 
 aud War Debts of the Loyal States. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists" Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
 yewhnrd, Peter. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Newiltan, Alexander, — He was born in Or- 
 ange County, Virginia, in 1806 ; in 1836 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature, where he served 
 several years, and was also elected to the State Sen- 
 ate ; from 1845 to 1849 he was Postmaster of Wheel- 
 ing ; and was elected a Representative from Virginia, 
 to the Thirty-first Congress, but died before taking 
 his seat, of cholera, while on a visit to Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, In July, 1849. 
 
 yewiudu, Daniel, — Born in North Carolina; 
 was appointed Lieutenant of the Fourth United 
 States Infantry, March, 1799 ; resigned, January 1, 
 1802; was Adjutant and Inspector- General of Geor- 
 gia ; Colonel commanding Georgia Volunteers in two 
 actions with East Florida Indians, in 1812 ; distin- 
 guished himself in an attack on Creek Indians in Au- 
 tossee towns under General Floyd in 1813 ; Lieutenant 
 Colonel commanding Georgia Volunteers, December, 
 
 1813 ; severely wounded at Camp Defiance, January, 
 
 1814 ; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia 
 from 1831 to 1833. He Died in Walker County, 
 Georgia, in 1851. 
 
 Newshani, Joseph P, — Born in Monroe 
 County, Illinois, in 1839 ; received an academic edu- 
 cation ; was a merchant's clerk for t%vo years ; stu- 
 died law, and came to the bar in Missouri in 1860 ; 
 served as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the volun- 
 teer army, and was wounded at the battle of Chicka- 
 saw Bayou ; on being discharged from military ser- 
 vice, he removed to Louisiana, and was made Clerk 
 of a Court in the Parish of Ascension ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; 
 and was elected a Representative from Louisiana to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 the Post-Office Department. 
 
 Newton, Eben. — Born in Goshen, Litchfield 
 County, Connecticut, October 16, 1795 ; his early edu- 
 cation was limited, having been obtained while work- 
 ing on a farm : his first earnings off the farm were 
 obtained from teaching school in the winter ; in 1814 
 he emigrated to Portage County, Ohio, and turned 
 his attention to farming exclusively ; he studied law, 
 aud in 1823 was admitted to the bar. and became the 
 partner of Elisha Whittlesey, at Canfield, Ohio. In 
 
 1842 he was elected a member of the Ohio Senate ; 
 was soon afterwards elected President Judge of the 
 Third Circuit ; and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress for the term from 1851 to 1853, but before 
 taking his seat visited Europe. In 1856 he was 
 elected President of the Ashtabula and New Lisbon 
 Railroad Company, in which position he remained 
 until 1859, when he declined a re-election. He has 
 of late years devoted himself to the i)ursuits of agri- 
 culture, in which he is eminently successful. 
 
 Newton, Isaac, — He was born in Burlington 
 County, New Jersey, in 1800 ; shortly after he be- 
 came of age, he settled on a farm in Delaware County, 
 Pennsylvania, and soon took rank among the best 
 farmers in the State ; was one of the lirst and most 
 active members of the State Agricultural Society ; 
 was for years persistent in urging upon Congress the 
 policy of establishing the Department of Agriculture ; 
 was appointed its first Commissioner, after organiza- 
 tion, and he died in Washington, June 19, 1867. 
 
 Netvton, Jtoger, — He was a Colonel, and dis- 
 tinguished himself as such, in 1709 and 1711 ; he 
 was for many years a member of the Council, and 
 thirty-three years a Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. Died at Milford, Connecticut, in 1771, aged 
 eighty-six years. 
 
 Netvton, Thomas, — Bom in Norfolk, Virginia, 
 in 1769 ; was a Representative in Congress from Vir- 
 ginia from 1801 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833. 
 He served for many years as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Commerce and Manufactures. He died in 
 Norfolk, Virginia, August 5, 1847. 
 
 Newton, Thomas W, — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Arkansas from February to 
 March, 1847. 
 
 Newton, V'illoiif/hb!/, — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Niblack, William E, — Bom in Dubois County, 
 Indiana, May 19, 1822. He studied law, aud was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1843 ; during that year he was 
 appointed County Surveyor ; in 1849 he was elected 
 to the State Legislature, where he served until 1852 ; 
 in 1854 he was appointed a Circuit Judge, and subse- 
 quently elected for six years. He was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Indiana, 
 serving on the Committee on Mileage, and re-elected 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Patents. He was also a Delegate to the " Chi- 
 cago Convention " of 1864, and to the " New York 
 Convention " of 1868 ; was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Ways and Means ; also, re-elected to 
 the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses. He was, from 1864 to 1872, a member of the 
 ' ' National Democratic Committee " for Indiana. 
 
 Niblaeh', Silas N, — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Florida to the Forty-second Congress, hav- 
 ing successfully contested the seat claimed by Josiah 
 T. Walls. 
 
 Nicholas, Oeorije. — Born in Hanover, Virginia ; 
 graduated at William aud Mary College in 1772 ; was 
 distinguished during the Revolution in the field, and 
 in the Council ; was Major of Second Virginia Regi- 
 ment in 1777, aud, afterwards, Colonel ; was a lead- 
 ing member of the Convention which ratified the 
 Federal Constitution ; a prominent member of the 
 House of Delegates in Virginia. He removed to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 311 
 
 Kentucky in 1790 ; and was a member of the Conven- 
 tion for fmmiug a State Constitution, and was the 
 author of that instrument. He was the first Attorney- 
 General of the State. Died in Kentuclsy in 179S). 
 
 Nicholas, •John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1801. lie sub- 
 sequently removed to Geneva, Ontario County, New 
 York, whence he was elected to the State Senate 
 from 1806 to 1809. Died May 27, 1821. 
 
 Nicholas, Sobci'f Carfei: — Born in Virginia 
 in 1715 ; graduated at William and Mary College. 
 He represented James City in the House of Burgesses 
 of Virginia while very young, and continued in that 
 position until the House of Delegates was organized 
 in 1777, and was a member of that body till 1779, when 
 he was appointed a Judge of the High Court of 
 Chancery, and consequently of the Court of Appeals. 
 He was opposed to the Stamp Act resolutions of 
 Patrick Henry ; was Treasurer of the Colony from 
 17G6 to 1777 ; in 1773 was a member of the Committee 
 of Correspondence ; and also was a member of all the 
 important Conventions, and President jsew tern, of that 
 of July, 1775 ; he was a good lawyer and financier. 
 Died at Hanover, Virginia, in 1780. 
 
 Nicholas, liobert Carter. — He was bom in 
 
 Virginia ; was appointed Captain of 20th Infantry in 
 1812 ; Major of the 12th Infantry in 1813 ; Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel in 1814 ; was Charge d'Afiaires to Naples ; 
 and subsequently Secretary of State of Louisiana ; 
 and in 1851 became State Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, lie died at Terrebonne, Louisiana, De- 
 cember 24, 1857. 
 
 Nicholas, Samuel S, — He commenced active 
 life as a merchant's clerk in Baltimore, Maryland ; 
 went as a Supercargo to China and Peru ; afterwards 
 settled in New Orleans as a merchant ; from that city 
 he went to Kentucky ; studied law, and resided in 
 Louisville, where he rose to high position, and in 
 1831 was made Judge of the Court of Appeals. He 
 subsequently served in the State Legislature ; assisted 
 in preparing a Revised Code of Kentucky, and was 
 the author of several essays on Constitutional Law. 
 Died in Louisville, November, 27, 1809. 
 
 Nicholas, H'ilson C, — A Governor of Virginia, 
 an officer in the war of the Revolution, and a member 
 of the Convention which ratified the Constitution of 
 the United States. He was a distinguished member 
 of the National House of Representatives from 1807 
 to 1809, and of the Senate of the United States from 
 1799 to 1804, and ably supported the measures of 
 President Jefferson's Administration. In 1804 he re- 
 signed his seat in the Senate, and accepted the office 
 of Collector of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 
 He was afterwards a member of the House, but he 
 resigned his seat in 1809. In 1814 he was Governor, 
 and remained in office until 1817. He died at Milton, 
 October 10, 1820. 
 
 Nichols, Matthias H. — Born in Salem County, 
 New Jersey, October 3, 1824. His education was ac- 
 quired in a printing-office, and by the aid of friends 
 who instructed him after the ordinary hours of labor. 
 He studied law, and in 1849 he was licensed to prac- 
 tice in Auglaize County, Ohio. He was Prosecuting 
 Attorney for Allen County ; resigned the office in 1852 
 to become a candidate for Congress, and was elected 
 a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-third, 
 Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a 
 member of the Joint Committee on Printing. 
 
 Nicholson, Alfred O, F. — He was bom in 
 
 Williamson County, Tennessee, August 31, 1808 ; 
 graduated at Chapel HiU University, North Carolina, 
 
 in 1827 ; settled in Tennessee as a lawyer ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature from 1833 to 1839 ; 
 was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1840 
 to 1842 ; was a member of the State Senate from 
 1843 to 1845 ; was Chancellor of the middle division 
 of the State in 1845 ; was President of the Bank of 
 Tennessee in 184G and 1847 ; was elected Printer of 
 the House of Representatives by the Thirty-third Con- 
 gress, and Printer of the Senate by the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress ; and from 1853 to 1850 he was editor of the 
 Washingtt/71 Daily Union. He was elected a Senator 
 in Congress from Tennessee for the tenn commencing 
 in 1859 and ending in 1805, but was expelled July 11, 
 1861. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na- 
 tional Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Nicholson , J oh n , — He was a member for several 
 years of the New York Assembly, and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1811. 
 Died January, 1820, aged fifty-five years. 
 
 Nicholson, John A. — He was bom in Laurel, 
 
 Sussex County, Delaware, November 17, 1827 ; was 
 educated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania : settled 
 at Dover, Delaware, in 1847 ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1850 ; subsequently retired to private 
 life, and was elected a Representative from Delaware 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Public Expenditures, and the Special Commit- 
 tee on the Death of President Lincoln. Re-elected to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Appropriations. 
 
 Nicholson, Joseph Hopper. — A native of 
 Maryland ; received a good education, and was a 
 lawyer by profession. In 1805 he was appointed 
 Chief Judge of the Sixth Judicial District, and was 
 also a Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland. 
 From 1799 to 1800 he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress, and died March 4, 1817, aged forty-seven years. 
 
 Nicoll, Hen ri/. — Bom in the City of New York, 
 October 23. 1813 ; graduated at Columbia College in 
 1830 ; studied law, and has practiced with success ; 
 was a member of the New York "Constitutional 
 Convention " in 1846 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Nicoll, John C. — He was a native of Georgia ; 
 a man of education and culture, and a resident of 
 Savannah ; and in 1839 he was appointed United 
 States Judge for the District of Georgia. 
 
 Nicollet, Jean Nicholas. — Was born in Sa- 
 voy about the year 1786 ; was Secretary and Libra- 
 rian of the Observatory at Paris in 1817 ; came to the 
 United States in 1831 ; explored the Southern States, 
 especially the Great Basin, embraced by the sources 
 of the Red, Arkansas, and Missouri rivers ; in 1836 
 he extended his explorations to the sources of the 
 Mississippi ; he collected details of the history and 
 dialects of the Indians, and the product and natural 
 history of the country ; was engaged by the War 
 Department, and instructed by Mr. Poinsett to re- 
 visit the far west and prepare a report and map for 
 the Government, and Fremont accompanied him as 
 assistant. In 1841 he presented to the Association of 
 American Geologists at Philadelphia a communica- 
 tion upon the Geology of the Upper Mississippi, and 
 the cretaceous formation of the Upper Missouri. He 
 died in Washington, September 11, 1843. 
 
 'Sites, Jason. — He was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress from Mississippi, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Bardiing and Currency. 
 
 Niles, John M. — He was born in Windsor, Con- 
 necticut, in 1787, and was bred to the bar, and went 
 
312 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALI 
 
 to Hartford in 1816 to practice law. In 1817 he was 
 there, concerned in publishing the Times, which he 
 edited for a time. In 1820 he was a Commissioned 
 Judge of the County Court. He was appointed Post- 
 master at Hartford by President Jackson, and held 
 the office until made a Senator in Congress in 1835, in 
 which position he remained until 1839. In 1840 he 
 was appointed Postmaster-General by President Van 
 Buren. In 18i2 he was again elected to the United 
 States Senate, served six years, retired to private 
 life, and died May 31, 1856. He was fond of liter- 
 ary pursuits, and his contributions to the periodical 
 press were abundant. He edited a " Gazetteer " of 
 Connecticut and Rhode Island, and wrote a "History 
 of South America." In his -will he gave twenty 
 thousand dollars for the benefit of the poor of Hart- 
 ford, and bequeathed his library to the Historical 
 Society of Connecticut. 
 
 Niles, Nnthaiiiel. — He wa?! born in South 
 Princeton, Rhode Island, in 1741 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1766 ; was a student of law, med- 
 icine, and theology ; was the inventor of making 
 wire from bar iron, by water power, and erected at 
 Norwich, Connecticut, a woolen-card manufactory ; 
 he was a member of the Vermont Legislature, and 
 Speaker of the House ; a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of that State ; was sis times a Presidential 
 Elector ; and a Representative in Congress from Ver- 
 mont from 1791 to 1795. He wrote poetry and many 
 sermons, and preached in his own house twelve 
 years. He died at West Fairlee, Vermont, in No- 
 vember, 1828. 
 
 Nishet, Eiiffeii iim, — He was born in Georgia in 
 1803 ; received an English and legal education ; was 
 for several years a Judge of the Supremo Court of 
 the State ; a Representative in Congress from 1839 
 to 1841 ; took an active part in the Rebellion of 1861, 
 became a member of the Confederate Congress ; and 
 died at Macon, March 18, 1871. 
 
 Nisbet, E, A. — He was born in Georgia, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1839 to 1842. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 X'iven, Arc/iibaffl C. — He was born in New 
 York ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1845 to 1847 ; and a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1864. 
 
 Nia-on, •John T. — Bom in Cumberland County, 
 New Jersey, in 1820 : graduated at Princeton College 
 in 1841 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ; 
 served in the New Jersey Legislature from 1848 to 
 1850, during the last year as Speaker ; and was elect- 
 ed a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Commerce. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 He was a Delegate to the .Philadelphia "Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. In 1870 he was appointed 
 United States Judge for the District of New Jersey. 
 
 Nohle, David A. — He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts ; liberally educated ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; and on removing to Michigan, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 
 to 1855. 
 
 Noblr. •Taities. — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Indiana from 1816 to 1831, having died in 
 Washington, February 26, of the latter year. He 
 was a native of Battletown, Clark County, A'irginia, 
 but removed when a youth to Kentucky," and subse- 
 quently to Indiana. He was a self-educated man, 
 and very influential in his adopted State. 
 
 Koble, yoah, — Bom in Virginia, January 15, 
 1794 ; was Governor of Indiana from 1831 to 1837. 
 Died in Indianapolis, February, 1844. 
 
 Xoblr, Patrick. — Born in Abbeville District, 
 South Carolina in 1787 ; graduated at New Jersey 
 College in 1806 ; was a lawyer, and partner of J. C. 
 Calhoun ; and a State Representative in 1812 ; was 
 Speaker from 1818 to 1824 ; and again from 1832 ; 
 in 1836 was President of the State Senate ; and Gov- 
 ernor from 1838 to 1840. He died at Abbeville in 
 1840. 
 
 Soblc, Varren P. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, June 14, 1821 ; received a good English educa- 
 tion in the State of Ohio ; studied law, and has 
 practiced ever since his admission to the bar ; was 
 elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1856, serving two 
 terms, and in 1860 was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Patents ; re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. 
 
 Noble, William H. — He was bora in New 
 York ; served three years in the Assembly of that 
 State from Cayuga County ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. Died 
 at Rochester, February 5, 1850, aged sixty-two years. 
 
 NoeU, John TF.— Bom in Biadford County, 
 Virginia, February 15, 1816 ; emigrated to Missouri 
 with his parents in 1832 ; received a liberal education; 
 adopted the profession of law ; from 1841 to 1850 he 
 was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Perry County, 
 Missouri ; served four years in the State Senate of 
 Missouri ; and in 1858 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Missouri to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses 
 of the Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Claims. He was also re-elected to the 
 Thirtv-eighth Congress, but died in Washington, 
 March 14, 18G3. 
 
 Wof'll, Thomas E. — He was born in Perryville, 
 Missouri, April 3, 1839 ; received a good English edu- 
 cation ; when nineteen years of age he was admitted 
 to the bar, and practiced law until 1861, when he was 
 appointed a Military Commissioner for arrest of dis- 
 loyal persons ; subsequently went into the ranks of 
 the State Militia, and obtained the rank of Major, 
 which he held until 1862 ; in that year he was ap- 
 pointed a Captain in the Nineteenth Regiment of 
 Regular United States Infantry ; and he was subse- 
 quently elected a Representative from Missouri to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Private Land Claims, the Militia, and Mines and 
 Mining. He was a Delegate to the " National Union 
 Convention " held in Philadelphia in 1866, and re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, but died at St. 
 Louis, October 3, 1867. 
 
 yofigle, David. — He was born in Franklin 
 County, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1809 ; received a 
 conmion-school education, and even that with great 
 difficulty ; removed with his father to Ohio in 1820 ; 
 in 1836 he removed to Illinois, where he studied law 
 and was admitted to the bar ; in 1840 he removed to 
 Beloit, Wisconsin, and in 1845 was made Postmaster 
 of that place, but resigned in 1848 ; was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of 1846 ; and of the 
 Wisconsin Legislature in 1855 and 1857 ; was a Cir- 
 cuit Judge of the State from 1858 to 1866 ; and in 
 1869 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Superior 
 Court of Idaho : re-appointed in 1873, and on account 
 of failing health resigned the position in 1875, and 
 removed to San Francisco, California. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 3.13 
 
 Norris, Beitjamin W. — He was born in Ken- 1 
 nebeck County, Maine, in 1819 ; wlien a boy worlced j 
 on a farm ; graduated at Waterville College in 1843 ; 
 read law, but instead of practicing the profes- 
 sion, was engaged in teaching for several years ; was 
 for several years a Land Agent for his State ; was a 
 Delegate to the National Baltimore Convention of 
 1864 ; was a Commissioner for the Soldiers' National 
 Cemetery at Gettysburg from 1863 to 1865 ; was ap- 
 pointed "a Paymaster in the Army in 1804, and on 
 being mustered out in 1865, purchased a plantation 
 and settled in Alabama ; was a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention of 1868 ; and was elected 
 a Kepresentative from Alabama to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction. 
 Died in Montgomery, January 27, 1873. 
 
 N'orris, Isaac. — He was Chief Justice of Penn- 
 sylvania. In religion a Quaker. Died at German- 
 town, Pennsylvania, June 3, 1735. 
 
 Norris. Moites, — Born in Pittsfield, New Hamp- 
 shire, in 1799 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 
 1838 ; studied law, and devoted himself successfully 
 to the practice ; in 1839 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and in 1840 was elected Speaker of the 
 House ; in 1841 he was elected a member of the State 
 Council ; and in 1843 he was elected a Representative 
 in Congress, where he continued four years. In 
 1847 he was again a member of the Legislature, and 
 Speaker ; and while serving in that capacity, he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1849 to 
 1855 ; and he died at Washington, January 11, 1855. 
 
 North, John IV. — He was an early emigrant to 
 the Territory of Nevada, and was appointed an As- 
 sociate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 District of Nevada, residing at Carson City. 
 
 North, iriUia)». — He was Aid to Baron Steu- 
 ben in the Revolutionary War, and afterwards ap- 
 pointed Adjutant-General. He was Senator in Con- 
 gress, by appointment, from New York in 1798, in 
 the place of J. S. Hobart, resigned. Died at New 
 York, January 4, 1836, aged eighty-three years ; and 
 was buried at Duanesburg. 
 
 Norton, Daniel S. — Born in Mount Vernon, 
 Knox County, Ohio, April 12, 1829 ; was educated at 
 Kenyon College ; served one year in the war with 
 Mexico in the Second Ohio Regiment ; commenced 
 the study of law in 1848 at Mount Vernon ; and in 
 1850 went across the plains to California, spending a 
 part of that and the following year in Nicaragua. 
 Returning to Ohio, he renewed the study of law, and 
 came to the bar in 1852 ; practiced his profession in 
 that State until 1855, when he removed to Minnesota ; 
 in 1857 he was elected to the State Senate, declining 
 re-election in 1859, but was re-elected in 1800, and 
 also in 1803 and 1804, having been a member of the 
 State House of Representatives in 1862. In 1865 he 
 took his seat as a Senator in Congress from Minnesota 
 for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Indian AfEairs, Engrossed Bills, Claims, Ter- 
 ritories, and Patents and the Patent Office. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union 
 Convention " of 1866. Died in Washington City, July 
 1, 1870. 
 
 ISorton, Ebenezer F, — He was bom in New 
 York ; served in the State Assembly from Erie Coun- 
 ty in 1823 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 Norton, Elijah H, — Was born in Logan Coun- 
 ty, Kentucky, November 24, 1821 ; received a liberal 
 classical education, graduating at the Transylvania 
 Law School in 1841 ; removed to Missouri in 1845 ; 
 
 practiced law until 1852, when he was chosen a 
 Judge of the Circuit Court of Missouri ; re-elected to 
 the same position in 1857 ; and after resigning the 
 Judgeship in 1800, he was elected a Representative 
 from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- 
 Roads. 
 
 Norton , Jesse O, — Was born in Vermont ; grad- 
 uated at Williams College, Massachusetts ; emigrat- 
 ed to Illinois in 1839 ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar of Illinois in 1840 ; was a member in 1847 of the 
 " State Constitutional Convention ; " was a member 
 of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852 ; was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-third 
 and Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Post-Offiees and Post-Roads ; in 1857 was 
 elected Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District of 
 Illinois, holding the office until 1802 ; and in 1863 
 was re-elected a Representative to Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, 
 and Revolutionary Pensions. He was a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 
 1866. 
 
 Norton, N^elson J. — Born in Cattaraugus Coun- 
 ty, New York, March 30, 1820 ; received a common- 
 school education. In early life he was engaged in 
 farming ; subsequently devoted himself to mercantile 
 business ; returned to farming ; was appointed a 
 Justice of the Peace ; was six years a County Asses- 
 sor ; five years a County Supervisor ; was elected to 
 the State Legislature in 1861 ; a Presidential Elector 
 in 1872, and in 1875 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress to fill 
 the vacancy caused by the death of Augustus F. 
 Allen, regularly elected the preceding year. 
 
 Norrell, John. — He was bred a printer; was 
 for a time the editor of a newspaper in Philadelphia ; 
 was appointed by President Jackson Postmaster of 
 Detroit, in Michigan ; and having become identified 
 with the Territory of Michigan, became one of the 
 Senators in Congress from the new State, having 
 served in that capacity from 1835 to 1841. He died 
 of apoplexy, in April, 1850. It is worthy of notice 
 that this worthy man left seven sons, six of whom 
 served their country with credit as soldiers during 
 the Rebellion. 
 
 Norwood, Thomas Manson. — He was born 
 in Talbot County, Georgia, April 26, 1830 ; received 
 an academic education in Munroe County ; graduated 
 at Emory College in 1850 ; studied law, and admitted 
 to the bar in 1852 ; removed to Savannah in 1852 ; 
 was a member of the Georgia Legislature in 1861 and 
 1862 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; and elected 
 to the United States Senate in 1871 for the term end- 
 ing in 1877, serving on the Committees on Pensions, 
 Transportation, Land Claims, and Revolutionary 
 Claims. 
 
 Norwood, M'iUiani. — Born in Orange County, 
 North Carolina, in 1767 ; in 1806 and 1807 he was a 
 member of the State Legislature ; from 1820 to 1836 
 he was a Judge of the Superior Court of North Caro- 
 lina, and died in 1840. 
 
 Nott, Abraham. — Bom at Saybrook, Connec- 
 ticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1787 ; studied for 
 the ministry, but did not talse orders ; in 1788 he 
 taught in Georgia a year ; studied law in Camden, 
 South Carolina ; was admitted to the bar in 1791 ; in 
 1794 settled on the Pacolet River, and continued the 
 practice of his profession. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1799 to 1801, when he was elected a 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Judge of the 
 
314 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 Superior Court. Died at Fairfield, South Carolina, 
 June 19, 1830. 
 
 Nott, Charles Cooper. — He was born at Union 
 College, Schenectady, New York, September 16. 
 1827 ; studied law, and on his admission to the bar, 
 settled in the City of New Yorli, where he practiced 
 from 1850 to 1861 ; served as a Captain of Cavalry 
 and also Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of New York 
 Volunteers during tlie Rebellion ; was made a pris- 
 oner in 1863, and so confined for more than one year ; 
 and in 1865 he was appointed by President Lincoln 
 one of the Judges of the Court of Claims in Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Noff, Ednxird. — Born in 10j7 ; was Governor 
 of Virginia from 1705 till his death, wliich occurred 
 August 33, 1706, at Williamsburg, Virginia. 
 
 Nourse, Amox. — He graduated at Harvard in 
 1813 ; studied medicine ; was a Medical Lecturer at 
 Bowdoin College from 1846 to 1854, and Medical 
 Professor since 1854. He was also Postmaster at 
 Hallowell, Maine, and Collector of Customs at Bath, 
 and a Senator in Congress from Maine from January 
 to Marcli, in 1857. 
 
 Noiirse, Joseph, — Born in London in 1754 ; emi- 
 grated with his family to Virginia in 1769 ; entered 
 the Revolutionary army in 1776, as Secretary to Gen- 
 eral Charles Lee ; was Clerk and Auditor of the 
 Board of War from 1777 until appointed Assistant 
 Auditor-General in 1781 ; was Register of the United 
 States Treasury from 1789 to 1829 ; and was a Vice- 
 President of the American Bible Society. He died 
 near Georgetown, District of Columbia, September 1, 
 1841. 
 
 Konrse, J, ^,— Born in Washington City, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, April 17, 1819 ; graduated at Jef- 
 ferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1837 ; appointed 
 Professor of Ethics and English studies at the United 
 States Naval Academy in 1850 ; was temporary chap- 
 lain at the Academy from September 1850 to February 
 1851 ; in 1865 he was detached from the Academy 
 and ordered to the Naval Observatory ; from 1863 to 
 1865 he acted as chaplain at Fort Adams ; and from 
 May to September, 1875, he was in Europe on special 
 duty, after which he resumed his regular duties as a 
 Professor in the Naval Observatory. 
 
 JVoi/es, Edward F, — He was Governor of Ohio 
 from 1872 to 1874. 
 
 Noj/es, tTohn, — He was a graduate of Dartmouth 
 College in 1795 ; was subsequently a tutor in that 
 institution ; and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont from 1815 to 1817. He died 
 in 1841, aged seventy-eight years. 
 
 Noijes, Joseph C. — He was bom in Portland in 
 1798 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Maine from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Agriculture. He was a merchant by 
 occupation ; a member of the State Legislature in 
 1833 ; and Collector of the Passaraaquoddy District 
 from 1841 to 1843 ; and was subsequently Treasurer 
 of the Portland Savings Bank. Died in Portland, 
 July 21, 1868. 
 
 XuckoUs, Stephen F. — Born in Grayson 
 County, Virginia, August 10, 1825 ; received an 
 academic education ; removed to Missouri in 1846 
 and engaged in mercantile pursuits ; in 1854 removed , 
 to Nebraska Territory, was one of the founders of j 
 Nebraska City, and was a member of the Legislature 
 in 1859 : in 1860 went to Colorado Territory, and 
 engaged in mining ; from 1864 to 1867 resided in New | 
 
 York City. Settled in Cheyenne, Dakota Territory, 
 in 1867, and upon the organization of Wyoming Ter- 
 ritory, in 1869, was elected the Delegate to the Forty- 
 first Congress. 
 
 XuckoUs, William C-^He was born in South 
 Carolina ; graduated at the University of that State 
 in 1830 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 
 1827 to 1833. 
 
 Niifien, liobert IT, — He was born in Washing- 
 ton County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ; with his parents 
 removed to Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1811 ; set- 
 tled in Tuscarawas County in 1828 ; and in 1800 was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Roads and Canals. Declined a re-election. 
 
 Xiinn, David A. — Born in Haywood County, 
 Tennessee, July 26, 1833 ; educated at the College of 
 West Tennessee ; studied and practiced law ; was 
 elected in 1863 to the State Senate ; in 1865 to the 
 State House of Representatives ; and elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Tennessee to the Fortieth and Forty- 
 third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revo- 
 lutionary Claims, Invalid Pensions, and Freedmen's 
 Affairs. 
 
 Xi/e, James fr. — He was bom in Madison 
 County, New York, June 10, 1815 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law : in 1861 was appointed by President 
 Lincoln Governor of Nevada Territory, in which 
 position he continued until the adoption of the State 
 Constitution, when he was chosen a Senator in Con- 
 gress from the new State for the term commencing in 
 1865, and ending in 1867, serving on the Committees 
 on Naval Affairs, and Territories, and as Chairman of 
 that on Enrolled Bills. He was also a member of the 
 National Committee appointed to accompany the 
 remains of President Lincoln to Illinois, and in 
 January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the 
 term ending in 1873, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
 
 Oaklei/, Thomas Jackson. — ^Bom in Dutchess 
 County, New York, in 1783 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1801 ; studied law, and entered on the prac- 
 tice at Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1810 he was ap- 
 pointed Surrogate of Dutchess County, and in 1813 
 was elected a Representative in Congress where he 
 continued until 1815, when he resumed his profes- 
 sion, and was elected a member of the Assembly. He 
 was appointed Attorney-General of the State of New 
 York in 1819 ; in 1830 again served in the Assembly, 
 and in 1837 he was again elected to Congress. In 
 1828, when the Superior Court of New York City was 
 organized, he was appointed one of its Judges ; and 
 on the reorganization of the Court, under the Consti- 
 tution of 1846, he was elected the Chief Justice, and 
 continued in that position until his death, whicli oc- 
 curred in New York City, May 11, 1857. The duties 
 of the various stations to which he was called he dis- 
 charged with fidelity and marked abOity. 
 
 O'Saniion, A. J. — He was born in Virginia; 
 was a Clerk in the Treasury Department ; and in 1859 
 lie was appointed Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, 
 remaining in office until 1860. 
 
 O'Brien, Jeremiah. — Born ntMachias, Maine, 
 in 1768, and died at Boston, May 30, 1858. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from Maine from 1823 to 
 1831. Early in life, and after the separation of Maine 
 from Massachusetts, he was for six yeare in the Leg- 
 lature of that State. His educational advantages 
 were limited, but he was a man of sound sense and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 315 
 
 colid judgment. He was both a farmer and a mer- 
 chant. 
 
 O'Jirien, William J, — Was born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, May 28, 1836 ; educated at St. Mary's Col- 
 lege ; studied law and admitted to the bar iu 1S58 ; 
 and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Pensions. 
 
 O'Coiior, Chnrlfs. — He was born in New 
 York City in 1804, his father having emigrated from 
 Ireland ; received a good English education ; studied 
 law and came to the bar in 182i. The only oHice he 
 ever held under the Government was that of District- 
 Attorney for the District of New York ; and in 1804 
 he was a member of " New York Constitutional Con- 
 vention." As a lawyer he long held a very high posi- 
 tion in his native city, and the important law-suits 
 in which he was retained were numerous, beginning 
 as far back as 1835. 
 
 Odell, Moses F. — Born in Tarrytowr., Westches- 
 ter County, New York, Febuary 24, 1818 ; received a 
 common-school education ; from a Clerk lie ro.-e to 
 the position of Assistant Collector of New York City, 
 under President Polk ; under President Buchanan he 
 held the post of Public Appraiser, and he was elected 
 a Ri'i)resentative from New York to the Thirty-sev- 
 enth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee 
 on the Treasury Department, and a member of that 
 on Indian Affairs ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af- 
 fairs. In 1865 he was appointed by President John- 
 son Navy Agent for the port of New York, but died 
 in that city, June 13, 1866. He was a man of rare 
 business habits, and universally respected. His dis- 
 ease was cancer in the mouth. 
 
 Odrll, N. Holmes. — Born near Tarrytown, New 
 York, October 10, 1828 ; graduated at the Paulding 
 Institute, Tarrytown ; spent four years in the steam- 
 boat business between Albany and New York ; was a 
 member of the Assembly during two successive ses- 
 sions, closing in 1801 ; was founder of the First Na- 
 tional Bank at Tarrytown, and was its first cashier, 
 which office he resigned in 1804 ; was elected County 
 Treasurer in 1866, and re-elected in 1809 and 1872 ; 
 and was elected in 1874 Representative of New York 
 to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Ofjlcif, David. — He was born in Philadelphia, 
 of Quaker parentage ; served with General Harmer 
 in the war of 1812 ; went to Smyrna, Asia Minor, as a 
 supercargo, and there entered actively into mercan- 
 tile business in 1815 ; in his capacity as a merchant 
 he was the first man who caused the American Hag to 
 be respected at Smyrna, which he accomplished by an 
 informal treaty with the Porte ; iu 1830, while hold- 
 ing the position of Consul at Smyrna, he was appoint- 
 ed, with Commodore James Biddle and Charles Khind 
 of Pennsylvania to negotiate a treaty of Commerce 
 with Turkey. He died while holding the position of 
 Consul at Smyrna, and the same office was afterwards 
 held by two of his sons, and two of his grandsons 
 are well-know as bankers in the City of Washington 
 — John R. and Holmes E., the latter of whom was 
 for many years Chief Clerk of the Navy Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Of/den, Aaron. — He was born in Elizabeth- 
 town, New Jersey, December 3, 1756 ; graduated at 
 Nassau Hall in 1773 ; taught school for a time ; 
 served as an officer in the army, during the whole 
 Revolutionary war ; had a horse shot from under him 
 at the battle of Springfield, New Jersey ; participated 
 in the Sullivan campaign aginst the Indians ; and for 
 his services at Yorktowu was complimented by 
 Washington ; after the war he pursued the legal pro- 
 
 fession with distinction ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1800 ; was a Senator in Congress, from 1801 to 
 1803 ; was Governor of New Jersey in 1812 ; and at 
 the time of his death was President-General of the 
 Society of Cincinnati. He died at Jersey Citv, Ajiril 
 19, 1839. During the war of 1812, President Madison 
 offered him a commission as Major-(jeneral iu the 
 Army of the United States, which honor he declined, 
 preferiing to continue, as he had been, Commander- 
 in-Chief of the Militia of his own State. 
 
 OgdfU, David A, — He was born in Morristown, 
 New Jersey ; studied law, and took up his residence 
 in St. Lawrence Coxmty, New York, in 1812 ; w^as a 
 member of the Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1817 
 to 1819. He died at Montreal, Canada, June 9, 1829. 
 
 Off den, liobcvt. — He was a Delegate from New 
 Jersey to the Colonial Congress, which met in New 
 York in 1705. 
 
 Of/iev, Isaac S. IC. — He was born in South Car- 
 olina ; an early emigrant to California, and resided at 
 Los Angeles ; and in 1858 he was appointed Judge of 
 the United States Court for tlie Southern District of 
 California. 
 
 Ogle, Alexander. — Was bom in Maryland 
 about the year 1705 ; removed at an early age to 
 Somerset, Pennsylvania ; in 1800 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature, and frequently re-elected ; and 
 he was a Representative iu Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1817 to 1819. He subsequently served 
 several years in both Houses of the State Legislature; 
 was a General of Militia ; and for nine years Prothou- 
 otary of his county. Died iu Somerset, Pennsylvania, 
 October 14, 1852. 
 
 Ogle, A ndrew •/. — Born at Somerset, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1822, and was the grandson of Alexander 
 Ogle. He was considered a precocious politician, and 
 was Prothonotary of his county when twenty-one 
 years of age ; and he was a Representative iu Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1851. Presi- 
 dent Fillmore appointed him Charge d'Affaires to Den- 
 mark in 1852, but he died suddenly of apoplexy before 
 accejjting the appointment. 
 
 Ogle, lienjamin. — Born in Maryland in 1751 ; 
 was a member of the Council of that State before the 
 Revolution ; and Governor from 1798 to 1801. He 
 died in Annapolis, July 0, 1809. 
 
 Ogle, Charles. — He was the son of Alexander 
 Ogle, and was born at Somerset, Pennsylvania, in 
 1798. He was educated for the bar, and was a suc- 
 cessful lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841 ; distinguished 
 himself by a speech against the appropriation for fur- 
 nishing the Executive Mansion. He was also a Gen- 
 eral of Militia. Died May 10, 1841, having been 
 elected to the succeeding Congress. 
 
 Oglesbg, Ri chard J. — He was born in Oldham 
 County, Kentucky, July 25, 1824 ; settled iu Illinois 
 in 1830 ; received a common-school education ; was a 
 carpenter for. two years ; studied law, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1845 ; served one year in the Mexi- 
 can War ; worked two years in the mines of Califor- 
 nia ; was elected to the State Senate in 1800, and 
 resigned to enter the volunteer service in 1801 ; at the 
 commencement of the Rebellion was chosen Colonel, 
 afterwards appointed Brigadier-General, and in 1803 
 a Major-General ; resigned in 1804, and elected Gov- 
 ernor of Illinois ; re-elected Governor in 1872, but in 
 a few months was elected to the United States Senate 
 
316 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 for the term ending in 1879, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Pensions, Public Lands, and Indian Affairs. 
 
 Olcoft, Simeon. — He was born in 1737 ; gradu- 
 ated at Yale College in 1761 ; studied law, and settled 
 in the practice at Charlestown, New Hampshire ; he 
 was appointed in 1784 Chief Justice of the Court of 
 Common Pleas ; in 1790 a Judge of the Superior 
 Court ; Chief Judge of the same Court in 1795 ; and 
 was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire from 
 1801 to 1805. He died in New Hampshire in 1815. 
 
 Olden, Charles C. — He was born in Princeton, 
 New Jersey, in 1797 ; after engaging in mercantile 
 pursuits in New Orleans and Philadelphia, he re- 
 turned to his native place in 1825, and devoted him- 
 self to farming. Between the years 1844 and 1850 he 
 was twice elected to the State Senate ; and in 1859 he 
 was elected Governor of the State, after which he re- 
 tired to private life in his old home near Princeton. 
 
 Ol'ls, KdKOii li. — He was born in Vermont ; ed- 
 ucated for the medical profession ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1849 to 1855. 
 In 1863 he was for a short time imprisoned in Fort 
 Lafayette for supposed disloyalty, and while there 
 confined he was elected a member of the .Assembly of 
 Ohio, having previously served six years in the State 
 Legislature, and been Speaker of the Senate. Died in 
 Lancaster, Ohio, January 24, 1869. After the Rebel- 
 lion he built a church with the understanding that it 
 "should be free from the heresy of regarding slavery 
 and rebellion as sins." 
 
 Olin, Abrahnni B. — He was bom in Shafts- 
 bury, Bennington County, Vermont, in 1813 ; gradu- 
 ated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1835 ; 
 commenced the ])ractice of law at Troy, New York, in 
 1838 ; was for three yea.Ts Recorder of the City of 
 Troy ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member 
 of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public 
 Buildings. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Military Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress also. In 1863 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 District of Columbia ; and in 1865 the degree of LL.D. 
 was conferred upon him by Union College. His 
 father, Gideon Olin, was in Congress from Vermont 
 during the administration of President Jefferson. 
 
 Olin, Gideon. — He was born in Rhode Island, 
 and removing to Vermont became one of its founders. 
 He was a member of the State Legislature and Speak- 
 er of the House ; a Judge of the County Court, and a 
 Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1807. He 
 died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, in 1833. 
 
 Olin, Uenrji. — His boyhood was spent in Addi- 
 son County, Vermont ; he was elected to the General 
 Assembly of that State in 1799, and excepting four 
 years, continued to serve in that capacity until 1835 ; 
 he was also a member of the " State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1814, 1833, and 1838 ; was an Associ- 
 ate Judge of the Addison County Court from 1801 
 to 1806 ; Chief Judge of said court in 1807, and from 
 1810 and 1834 ; and he was chosen a Representative 
 in Congress to fill a vacancy caused by the death of 
 Charles Rich in 1834, and served through the term 
 ending in 1825. He was also at one time Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the State. He died at Salisbury, Ver- 
 mont, in 1837, aged seventy years. 
 
 Oliphanf, E. P. — He was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was appointed from that State an Associ- 
 ate Justice of the United States Court for the Terri- 
 tory of Washington, residing at Whatcom. 
 
 Oliver, A'ldison. — Bom in Washington Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, in 1833 ; graduated at Washington 
 College in 1850 ; spent two years in Arkansas as a 
 teacher ; returned to Washington in 1853, and studied 
 law with William Montgomery, M.C. ; was admitted 
 to practice, and settled in Western Iowa in 1857 ; was 
 elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 1803, 
 and to the Iowa Senate in 1865 ; was elected Judge of 
 the Fourth Judicial Circuit in 1868, and twice re- 
 elected to the same office, which he continued to hold 
 until elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Oliver, Andrew. — Bom at Springfield, Otsego 
 County, New York. Soon after his birth, in 1819, his 
 parents removed to Penn Yau, in Yates County. He 
 received a classical education, and graduated at Union 
 College in 1835 ; he studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1838, and entered upon a successful jirac- 
 tice. He was appointed to succeed his father as First 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1843, which 
 position he held until the adoption of the new State 
 Constitution. In 1846 he was elected Judge of the 
 Surrogate and County Courts. In 1852 he was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, and 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. Since that time 
 he has been devoted to the practice of his profession. 
 
 Oliver, Mordeeni, — Born in Anderson County, 
 Kentucky, October 22, 1819, and emigrated to Mis- 
 souri in 1833. He received as good an education as 
 that country afforded, and entered upon the study of 
 law at the age of nineteen, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1843. He was elected Circuit Attorney for the 
 Fifth Judicial Circuit of Missouri in 1848 : and in 1853 
 was elected a member of the Thirty-third Congress, 
 and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. Upon retiring 
 from Congress, he resumed the duties of his profes- 
 sion in Richmond, Missouri. 
 
 Oliver, lioberf. — Was bom in Boston, Massa,- 
 chusetts, in 1738 ; removed to Barre while young ; 
 was a Lieutenant in the army in 1775 ; marched to 
 Cambridge as Captain of a company ; was Major in 
 1777; and in 1779 was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tenth 
 Massachusetts Continental Regiment ; and in 1783 was 
 brevetted a colonel; distinguished himself at Saratoga 
 in storming the German intrenchments ; acted as Ad- 
 jutant-General of the Northern Army, and excelled as 
 a disciplinarian. He was among the first settlers of 
 Marietta, Ohio in 1788 ; a Representative to the Terri- 
 torial Legislature in 1798 ; Councilor in 1799 ; Presi- 
 dent of the Council from 1800 to 1803 ; and Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas. Died at Marietta, Ohio, 
 May, 1810. 
 
 Oliver, Jf'illiani M. — He was a native of 
 Springfield, Otsego County, New York ; was a lawyer 
 by profession, and for a long time First Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas. He was a State Senator and 
 Lieutenant-Governor in 1830, and a Representative 
 from New York in the Twenty-seventh Congress. 
 
 Olnet/, Ci/rnfi. — He was an early emigrant to the 
 Territory of Oregon, and in 1853 he was appointed an 
 Associate Justice of the United States Court for that 
 District. He was a native of New York. 
 
 O'Neal, •Tohn Helton. — Born at Bush River, 
 South Carolina, April 10, 1793 ; graduated at South 
 Carolina College in 1813 ; taught in an academy at 
 Newbury ; studied law ; was in military service dur- 
 ing the war with Great Britain ; admitted to the bar 
 in 1814 ; a member of the State Legislature in 1816, 
 1833, 1834, and 1830 : speaker during the last two 
 terms ; in 1828 an Associate Judge ; in 1830 Judge of 
 the Court of Appeals ; in 1850, President of this 
 Court and the Court of Errors ; and subsequently 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 317 
 
 Chief Justice of the State. In 1841 was President of 
 *lie State Temperance Society ; and in 1853 the liead 
 of the Sons of Temperance of N. A. He furnished 
 reminiscences of the Revolution for the Sotit/iern Lit- 
 erary Messenger ; published a "Digest of the Negro 
 Law of South Carolina " in 1848 ; " Annals of New- 
 berry" in 1858 ; " Biographical sketches of the Bench 
 and Bar of South Carolina," 2 vols. 1859 ; and several 
 public addresses. He received the degree of LL.D. 
 
 O'Neill f Charlex. — Born in Philadelphia, March 
 21, 1831 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1840 ; 
 studied law and came to the bar in 1843 ; in 1850, 
 1851, and 1853 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and in 1853 to the State Senate ; re-elected to 
 the Legislature in 1859 ; and in 1863 elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the same committee. Re-elected to the Fortieth, For- 
 ty-first, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, 
 serving again on the same committee and those on 
 Appropriations and Expenditures in the Post-OtBce 
 Department. 
 
 O'yeiU, •Tohn, — Was born in Philadelphia, De- 
 cember 17, 1831. In 1827 his father settled in Fred- 
 erick, Maryland, and at St. John's College, in that 
 place, he received his education ; studied law and 
 came to the bar of Maryland in 1843 ; in 1844 he re- 
 moved to Ohio, and there practiced his profession in 
 the Supreme Court ; in 1855 he was elected a Prose- 
 cuting Attorney for Muskingum County ; and in 1803 
 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Private Land Claims. 
 
 Ornisbi/, Stephen , — He was educated for the 
 bar ; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky ; 
 a Brigade-Major under Harmer in his campaign of 
 1790 ; a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1817 ; 
 lived to an advanced age, and died in Kentucky, at 
 Louisville, in 1846. He was defeated in 1813, but his 
 successful competitor, John Simpson, ha^^ng been 
 killed at the battle of River Raisin, he was re-elected 
 before the opening of Congress. 
 
 Orr, Alexander D. — Was a native of Virginia, 
 removed to Kentucky ; in 1834 he settled in Mason 
 County ; was a member of the State Legislature in 
 1792 ; and upon the admission of Kentucky into the 
 Union he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1792 to 1797. He died in Paris, 
 Kentucky, June 31, 1835, aged seventy years. 
 
 Orr, Beiijainin, — Was bom in Bedford, New 
 
 Hampshire, December 1, 1773 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1798 ; in his youth he worked at a 
 trade and taught school ; studied law, and began to 
 practice at Topsham, Maine, in 1801 ; afterwards re 
 moved to BrunsAvick, where he was eminent in chan 
 eery practice ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1817 to 1819 ; he was the author 
 of an oration on the death of Washington, in 1800. 
 He died in Brunswick, September 1, 1838. 
 
 Orr, •Taclcaon, — He was born in Fayette County, 
 Ohio, September 31, 1833 ; received a good education, 
 and attended an irregular course at the University of 
 Indiana ; studied law, but devoted himself to mer- 
 cantile pursuits ; served in the Army as Captain in the 
 Tenth Iowa Infantry ; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture of Iowa in 1868 ; and elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Public Lands. 
 
 Orr, •Tames L,, — He was born at Craytonville, 
 South Carolina, May 13, 1822 ; received his education 
 
 chiefly in the University of Virginia ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1844 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ; 
 and in 1848 he was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress from South Carolina, to which position he was 
 subsequently re-elected. During the Thirty-second 
 Congress he was frequently Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee of the Whole on the State of the Union, and dur- 
 ing the next Congress was Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Indian Affairs ; and on the assembling of the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress he was elected Speaker. In 
 December, 1860, he was appointed one of the Commis- 
 sioners to visit Washington in behalf of South Caro- 
 lina. In 18G5 he was elected Governor of South 
 Carolina. He was subsequently appointed Minister 
 to Russia, and died at St. Petersburg, May 5, 1873. 
 
 Orr, Hoberf. — He was born in Westmoreland 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. 
 
 Orth, Godlove S.- — Bom near Lebanon, Pennsyl- 
 vania, April 23, 1817 ; was educated chiefly at the 
 Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1839, locating in Indiana. In 1843 
 and 1846 he was elected to the State Senate, serving 
 six years in all, and one year as President of that 
 body ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; and in 1862 he 
 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs. In 1863, when a call was made for 
 men to defend Indiana from threatened incursions, he 
 organized a company in two hours, was elected Cap- 
 tain and placed in command of the United States Ram 
 Horner, cruising the Ohio River, and doing much to 
 restore quiet along the borders of Kentucky, Indiana, 
 and Illinois. ALso re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on the death of 
 President Lincoln, Freedmen, and Foreign Affairs. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair- 
 man of Committee on Private Land Claims. He was 
 also elected to the Forty-first and Forty -third Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs, and in March, 1875, he was appointed 
 Minister to Austria. 
 
 Orton, William. — He was born in New York, 
 and appointed from that State, in 1865, Commissioner 
 of Internal Revenue in the United States Treasury, 
 but only held the office one year. 
 
 Osborn, Thorn ns Q.— He was born in Ohio ; 
 removed to Illinois, and in 1874 he w-as appointed 
 Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation ; 
 and is still in office, residing at Buenos Ayres. 
 
 Osborn, T. fF. — He was born in Westfield, 
 Essex County, New Jersey. March 9, 1836 ; wlien a 
 boy, went with his father to Jefferson County, New 
 York, where he worked on a fann, and acquired a 
 common-school education ; graduated at the Madison 
 University in 1860 ; entered upon the study of law, 
 but in 1861 was mustered into the military service as 
 a Lieutenant of Artillery ; as a Captain, he took part 
 in the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, and as 
 Chief of Artillery, was engaged in nearly all the sub- 
 sequent battles of the Peninsula; and also in the 
 Army of Tennessee, serving until the close of the 
 war ; was three times wounded in battle, and had an 
 arm and shoulder broken by a railway accident ; after 
 the war went to Florida for his health ; practiced law 
 at Tallahassee, and was made a Register of Bank- 
 ruptcy in 1867 ; was a member of the State Conven- 
 tion which adopted the new Constitution, which he 
 drafted ; was elected to the State Senate ; and was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Florida, for the 
 
 17 
 
318 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on 
 Patents and Public Landa 
 
 Osborne, Thorn (id li. — He was bom in Fair- 
 field County, Connecticut, in 1797 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1817 ; studied law, and was for several 
 years Judge of Fairfield County ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in ( 'ongress from 1899 to 1843. In 1848 lie 
 settled in New Haven and became a Professor in the 
 Law Department of Yale College ; and in 1856 re- 
 ceived from the Wesleyan Universitj' the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws. Died in New Haven, September 2, 
 1869. 
 
 Osffood, Gfn/fon I*. — He graduated at Harvard 
 University in 181.5 ; served in the Massachusetts 
 Legislature in 1829 and 1831 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1833 to 
 1835. Died June 26, 1861, aged sixty-four years. 
 
 Osf/ood, Sam lief. — Born at Andover, Massa- 
 chusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in 1770 ; 
 studied theology, but losing his health became a 
 merchant ; was a Delegate to the Essex Convention 
 in 1774 ; a member of the Provincial Congress, and 
 on many important committees ; in 1775 and 177(5 was 
 Aid to General Ward, and member of the Board of 
 War ; Captain at Lexington and Cambridge in 1775 ; 
 left the army in 1776 , with the rank of Colonel and 
 Assistant Commissary ; member of the House until 
 1780, and then State Senator. Was Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784 ; First Commi.s- 
 sioner of the United States Treasury from 1785 to 1789; 
 United States Postmaster-General from 1789 to 1791 ; 
 afterwards member of the New York Legislature and 
 Speaker of the House ; Supervisor of New York from 
 1801 to 1803 ; and from that time till his death was 
 Naval Officer of that port. He published a work on 
 Chronology ; " Remarks on Daniel and Revelation ;" 
 "Letters on Episcopacy;" "Theology and Meta- 
 physics," and other subjects. He died in New Y'ork, 
 August 12, 1813. 
 
 O' Sullivan, ,To/in L. — He was a citizen of New 
 Y'ork City ; a man of liberal education ; associated 
 for some years with the magazine literature of the 
 country, and also with polities ; and in 1854 was ap- 
 pointed Charge d'Affaires to Portugal ; in a few 
 months promoted to the rank of Minister Resident, 
 and returned to the United States in 1858. 
 
 Osirald, ,Tolin Holt. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and elected Clerk of the House of Representa- 
 tives in 1800, remaining in office only one year. 
 
 Ofei'O, Miffuel A, — He was born at "Valencia, 
 
 New Mexico, June 21, 1829 ; was educated at the St. 
 Louis University, in Missouri ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to practice in Missouri in 1852 ; returning to 
 New Mexico, he was elected to the Territorial Legis- 
 lature ; was appointed, by President Pierce, United 
 States District Attorney for the Territorj-, but de- 
 clined to serve ; held the office for a timeof Attor- 
 ney-General for the Territory ; and in 1855 he was 
 elected a Delegate to Congress from New Mexico. 
 
 Ofif>, Harrison Gratf. — He was born in Bos- 
 ton, Massachusetts, October 8, 1765, and died at 
 Boston, October 28, 1848. His father, Samuel A. 
 Otis, was the first Secretary of the Senate of the 
 United States, which olfice he held for twenty-five 
 years. Harrison Gray graduated at Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1783. and soon became a successful practi- 
 tioner at the bar. He was for many years an active 
 and leading member of the State Legislature, serving 
 as Speaker and President of the Senate. He was 
 chosen a Representative in Congress for the SuffoUt 
 District in 1797, and served through President 
 
 Adams's administration ; and in 1817 he was chosen 
 a Senator in Congress, where he remained for five 
 years. He was also Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, and Mayor of Boston, for whose prosperity he 
 accomplished much good ; displaying, in all his pub- 
 lic stations, great ability and the utmost fidelity to 
 the public interests. He was also appointed, by 
 President Adams, United States District Attorney for 
 Massachusetts, and was a Delegate to the " Hartford 
 Convention " in 1814. He was distinguished for his 
 scholarly acquirements, and for his eloquence as an 
 orator. 
 
 Otis, iTanics. — Born in West Barnstable, Massa- 
 chusetts, February 5, 1725 ; studied law and began 
 to practice at Plymouth at the age of twenty-one ; 
 removed to Boston in 1750 and became an eminent 
 lawyer ; was a member of the State Legislature in 
 1761, in which year he made his famous speech on 
 " Writs of Assistance." In 1764 he published a pam- 
 phlet on " The Rights of the Colonies Vindicated ; " 
 in 1765 he moved the calling of a Congress of Dele- 
 gates from the several colonies, which was adopted ; 
 and he was made a Delegate and one of the Commis- 
 sioners to prepare an address to the House of Com- 
 mons of England. He was Judge Advocate, but 
 resigned the office in 1767, when opposed, as Speaker 
 of the House, by the Governor ; in 1709 he denounced 
 in T/ie Gf'zrtie the calumnies of some of the Custom- 
 House officers which resulted in his being attacked 
 by them, receiving a deej) cut on the head, which 
 caused ill-health, and he withdrew into retirement 
 in 1770 ; he was again Representative in 1771, but 
 took no active part ; during a brief interval he re- 
 sumed tlie practice of law in Boston, and on his 
 return to Andover was killed by a stroke of light- 
 ning — a fate for which he had often expressed a «ish. 
 He published in 1762, "Vindication of the House of 
 Representatives," and " Considerations," in 1765. 
 Died at Andover, May 23, 1783. 
 
 Ofis.fTohn,- — He was bom in Maine, in 1801; 
 graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823 ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; served five years in the Maine 
 Legislature ; was a Commissioner for settling the 
 North-eastern boundary ; and was a Be]iresentative 
 in Congress from Maine from 1849 to 1851 ; and died 
 October 17, 1856. 
 
 Otis, Samuel A/fi/ne. — He was born in Boston, 
 Massachu.setts ; graduated at Harvard College in 
 1759. In 1776 he was a Representative in the As- 
 sembly, and subsequently a member of the Conven- 
 tion which framed the Constitution of Massachusetts. 
 From 1787 to 1788 he was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress, and upon the adoption of the Consti- 
 tution was appointed Secretary of the Senate, holding 
 that office for more than thirty years. He died at 
 Washington, April 22, 1814, aged seventy-three 
 years. 
 
 Offerbonrtj, Marias. — He was a citizen of 
 Wisconsin ; while holding the position of Consul in 
 Mexico, he was in 1866 made .\cting Charge d'Affaires, 
 and in the following year he received the appoint- 
 ment of Minister Plenipotentiary, but shortly after- 
 wards returned to the United States. 
 
 Otto, If'ilHam T, — Bora in Philadelphia, Janu- 
 ary 19, 1817 ; graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania ; studied law and removed to Indiana, where 
 lie followed his profession until 1844, when he was 
 elected a District Judge for six years ; became a Pro- 
 fessor of Law in the University of Indiana ; in 1863 
 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior 
 Department, and rem.ained in the position until 1871, 
 when he was appointed Arbitrator on the part of the 
 United States, on the Commission for the Settlement 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 319 
 
 of Claims of American Citizens against Spain. In 
 1875 he was appointed Reporter of Decisions of tlie 
 Supreme Court. 
 
 Oiiffaic. T)nvi(l. — Born in Bertie County, North 
 Carolina, and graduated at the University of that 
 State in 1824. He read law at Newbern, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1837. He served three years 
 in the House of Commons ; was elected Solicitor of 
 Edenton District in 1836; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1847 to 18.53. 
 
 Oilfffitv, Oeorge C, — He was born in Bertie 
 County, North Carolina ; was a member of the House 
 of Commons in 1790 ; in the State Senate a number 
 of years thereafter ; and a Representative in Con- 
 
 fress during the years 1834 and 1825. Died August 
 5, 1836. 
 
 Over street, James. — He was a native of Barn- 
 well District, South Carolina, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1819 to 1823. Died in 
 1833. 
 
 Orertoii, Walter H. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Louisiana from 1839 to 1831. 
 
 Owen, Alien F. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina, and having removed to Georgia, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. He 
 was subsequently appointed Consul at Havana. 
 
 Oiren, David Dale. — Brother of Robert Dale, 
 was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, June 24, 1807 ; 
 was educated at Hofwyl, Switzerland ; and in 182G re- 
 moved with his father to New Hannony, Indiana ; 
 again spent two' years in Europe in the study of Geol- 
 ogy and other branches of natural science ; and in 
 1833 took up his permanent residence in the United 
 States. In 1835 he received the degree of M.D. from 
 the Ohio Medical College ; and in 1837 was employed 
 by the Legislature of Indiana in a geological survey of 
 the State, the results of which were published. He 
 then made an examination of the mineral lands of 
 Iowa, under instructions from the General Land 
 Oifice ; in 1848 was employed by the Government to 
 conduct the geological survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and 
 Minnesota ; and in 1853 it was published, and a sur- 
 vey of Kentucky from 1852 to 1857 was published in 
 three volumes. In 1857 he was appointed State Geol- 
 ogist of Arkansas, and made a report of his survey in 
 1858. He died in New Harmony, Indiana, November 
 13, 1860. 
 
 Owen, George IF. — Born in Brunswick County, 
 Virginia, In 1798 ; was Speaker of the House of Rep- 
 resentatives in Alabama ; Mayor of Mobile ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 
 to 1839, when he was appointed Collector of the port 
 of Mobile. He died August 18, 1839, at Mobile, Ala- 
 bama. 
 
 Oi>'en , fTa ines.—Bom in Bladen County. North 
 Carolina, in December, 1784. He was well educated, 
 and adopted the occupation of a planter. He was a 
 General of Militia ; four years a member of the Legis- 
 lature ; and a Representative in Congress from North 
 Corolina from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Owen, John. — Bom in Bladen County, North 
 Carolina, August, 1787 ; educated at the University 
 of North Carolina ; devoted himself to Agriculture ; 
 was a member of the House of Representatives in 
 North Carolina in 1813 ; and of the Senate in 1837 ; 
 and President of the Convention at Harrisbnrg, which 
 nominated Harrison in 1840. Died at Pittsburg, 
 October, 1841. 
 
 Owen, Hobert Dale. — He was born in Glasgow, 
 Scotland, November 7, 1801. His grandfather, 
 David Dale, was an eminent cotton manufacturer on 
 the Clyde ; and his father, Robert Owen, was the 
 celebrated philanthropist. He was educated by a pri- 
 vate tutor until the age of sixteen, when he entered 
 the private college of Hof'wj-l, near Berne, in Switzer- 
 land, remaining there three years. In 1836 his father 
 having purchased the estate of New Harmony, in In- 
 diana, he emigrated to this country. In 1835 he was 
 chosen to the Indiana Legislature, and twice re- 
 elected. In 1843 he wjts elected a Representative 
 in Congress from Indiana and re-elected in 1845. He 
 introduced the bill organizing the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution, and was one of its first Regents ; and he also 
 submitted the resolution which brought about the 
 settlement of the Oregon Boundary. In 1849 he was 
 elected to the "Constitutional Convention" of Indi- 
 ana, and made its Chairman ; and in 1853 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce Minister to Naples, re- 
 maining there five years. In 1860 he published 
 " Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," and 
 in 1804 " The Wrong of Slavery and the Right of 
 Emancipation." After a succession of efforts, extend- 
 ing through fifteen years, he procured the passage in 
 Indiana of laws securing to women independent rights 
 of property ; and during the Rebellion he served on 
 two important Government Commissions. He subse- 
 quently devoted much attention to Spiritualism, and 
 in 1875 he became temporarily insane. Notwithstand- 
 ing his many peculiar opinions he was reputed to be 
 a pure-hearted man, and, as a writer of English, had 
 few equals in any country. 
 
 Owens, George IV. — A prominent member of 
 the Georgia bar, and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1835 to 1839. Died at Savannah, 
 in 1856. 
 
 Owsle!/,Brj/ati Y, — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Oirslei/. Will in w. — Born in Virginia in 1783 ; his 
 father settled in Lincoln County, Kentucky, in 1783 ; 
 he taught school, studied law ; represented Garrard 
 County for several years in the Legislature ; was 
 .Judge of the Supreme Court of the State from 1813 
 to 1838 : he removed to Boyle County in 1843 ; and 
 was Governor of Kentucky from 1844 to 1848. Died 
 in Danville, Kentucky, in December 1863. 
 
 Paca, William. — Born at Wye Hall, Hartford 
 County, Maryland, October 31, 1740 ; graduated at 
 Philadelphia" College in 1758 ; admitted a student at 
 the Middle Temple, London, in 1702 ; practiced law at 
 Annapolis ; was a member of the Maryland Legisla- 
 ture in 1771, and opposed the Royal Government ; 
 was a member of the Committee of Correspondence 
 in 1774 ; and a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1774 to 1779 ; was a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence; State Senator from 1777 to 1779; 
 Chief Justice of the State from 1778 to 1780 ; Chief 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals and Admiralty from 
 1780 to 1782 ; elected Governor in 1783 and 1786 , mem- 
 ber of the Convention which ratified the Constitution 
 in 1788 ; was United States District Judge from 1789 
 till his death, which occurred in 1799. 
 
 Paeheeo, lioniuaUlo.—Re was bom in Califor- 
 nia, and became the Governor of that State in March, 
 1875, in the place of Newton Booth, elected to the 
 United States Senate. 
 
 Paehard, Jasper. — Born in Mahoning (for- 
 merly Trumbull) County, Ohio, in February, 1833 ; 
 went with his father to" Indiana in 1835, and worked 
 on his farm until 1850 ; was a student at Oberlin Col- 
 
330 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 lege, but graduated at the University of Michigan in 
 1853 ; taught school one year, and removing to La- 
 porte, edited the Union newspaper ; studied law and 
 came to the bar in 1861 ; on the breaking out of the 
 Rebellion, he entered the volunteer army as a private ; 
 served as a Lieutenant in the Vicksburg campaign, and 
 during the assault on that place was wounded in the 
 face ; he was commissioned a Captain, and was in the 
 marcli from Memphis to Chattanooga ; received two 
 promotions during the Atlanta campaign, and in 1805, 
 he was appointed a Brigadier-General by brevet for 
 meritorious services ; on being mustered out of ser- 
 vice in 186G, he was chosen Auditor of Laporte 
 County, holding the office until 1868. when he was 
 elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- 
 first Congress, succeeding Schuyler Colfax, and serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Military Affairs and 
 Mileage. Re-elected to the Forty-second and Forty- 
 third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Private Land Claims. 
 
 Packer, Asa. — Born in Groton, Connecticut, 
 December 39, 1805 ; never had a whole year's schooling 
 in his life ; in 1833 removed to Susquehanna County, 
 Pennsylvania, and learned the trade of a carpenter ; 
 in Vio'i settled in Mauch Chunk ; built a canal- boat, 
 and acted as her Captain, between that place and 
 Philadelphia ; designed and built the " Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad," as well as the Railroad leading from 
 Mauch Chunk to Erie ; gave five hundred thousand 
 dollars and land to found the Lehigh University ; 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; served as 
 Judge of a County Court, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1853 to 1857. In 
 1875 he was appointed a Commissioner to the Centen- 
 nial Exhibition. 
 
 Packer, JTohn B, — Born in Sunbury, Pennsyl- 
 vania, March 31, 1834; received an academic educa- 
 tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1845 ; was a 
 District-Attorney from 1843 to 1847 ; a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and 
 Currency, and the Interior Department. Re-elec- 
 ted to the four succeeding Congresses, serving on 
 several important Committees, and as Chairman of that 
 on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 
 
 Packer, Willi am F. — Born in Centre County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1807 ; became a printer ; studied 
 law, but never practiced ; published the Lycoming 
 Gnzette from 1837 to 1836 ; was Canal Commissioner 
 from 1839 to 1843 ; State Auditor from 1843 to 1845 ; 
 State Senator from 1845 to 1848 ; then President of 
 the Susquehanna Railroad Company until its con- 
 solidation with the Northern Central Railroad Com- 
 pany, of which he was Director until 1858 He was 
 Governor of Pennsylvania from 1858 to 1861. Died 
 at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1870. 
 
 Paddock, Algernon ,S(.— Born at Glenn's Falls, 
 
 New York, November 5, 1830 ; was educated, studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar there ; settled in 
 Nebraska in 1857 ; was a Delegate to the National 
 Republican Convention in 1860 ; was appointed 
 Secretary of Nebraska Territory in 1861, which office 
 he held until the admission of the State in 1867 ; 
 was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 
 1864 ; was a Candidate for Congress in 1858 ; was 
 appointed Governor of Wyoming Territory in 1848, 
 declined the office. He engaged in the manufacture 
 of hydraulic cement at Beatrice, Nebraska, and was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Nebraska, for the 
 term commencing in 1875 and ending in 1881. 
 
 Padelford, Seth, — He was elected Governor of 
 
 Rhode Island in 1869 and remained in office until 
 1875. 
 
 Page, Horace Francis. — He was bom in Or- 
 leans County, New York, October 30, 1833 ; received a 
 good education ; emigrated to California in 1854 ; was 
 a stage-proprietor and mail -contractor ; and was elect- 
 ed to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. He was re- 
 elected in 1875 to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Page, John. — Born at Rosewell, Gloucester 
 County, Virginia, April 17, 1743 ; graduated at Wil- 
 liam and Mary College in 1763 ; which he represented 
 in the House of Burgesses. He was a member of the 
 Colonial Council ; displayed an ardent attachment to 
 the Colonies during the Revolution ; was in 1776 one 
 of the most conspicuous members of the Convention 
 which formed the Constitution of Virginia, and was ap- 
 pointed one of the first Councilors ; was a member of 
 tlie Committee of Safety ; and a Lieutenant Governor 
 of that State ; commanded a Militia Regiment during 
 the British invasion ; was one of the first Represent- 
 atives to Congress from Virginia, serving from 1789 to 
 1797 ; was Presidential Elector in 1800 ; Governor of 
 the State from 1803 to 1805 ; published addresses to 
 the people in 1796 to 1799 ; was Commissioner of Loans 
 for Virginia, from 1806 till his death, which occurred 
 at Richmond, Ooctober 11, 1808. 
 
 Page, John. — He was bom in Haverhill, New 
 Hampshire, Slay 21, 1787 ; received an academical 
 education, but was chiefly devoted to agricultural 
 pursuits. In 1815 he was appointed an Assessor of 
 Taxes ; was a Register of Deeds from 1828 to 1834 for 
 Grafton County ; served in the New Hampshire Legis- 
 lature in 1818, 1819, 1820, and 1835 ; in 1836 he was 
 chosen a member of the Executive Council, and again 
 in 1838 ; and it was during the intervening year, 1837, 
 that he served as a Senator in Congress for the unex- 
 pired term of Isaac Hill, resigned ; and he was Gover- 
 nor of New Hampshire from 1839 to 1842. He was a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity, and a leading 
 member of the Methodist Church. Died at Concord, 
 September 8, 1865. 
 
 Page, John S. — He was born in Rutland, Ver- 
 mont, in 1836 ; and was Governor of that State from 
 1867 to 1869. 
 
 Page, 3Ia nil .—He was a Delegate from Virgin- 
 ia, to the Continental Congress, in 1777. 
 
 Page, Robert, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. 
 
 Page, Sherman. — He was born in Connecticut ; 
 served in the Assembly of New York, from Otsego 
 Countv, in 1837 and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress 'from that State, from 1833 to 1837. He was 
 also Judge of the Common Pleas in Otsego County, 
 and died in Unadilla. 
 
 Paine. Pi/ron. — He was a citizen of Wisconsin ; 
 educated for the legal profession ; and was for several 
 years the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Wis- 
 consin when it was a Territory. He acquired consid- 
 erable fame on account of a judicial decision which 
 conflicted with the Government of the United States. 
 Died at MUwaukee, January 17, 1871. 
 
 Paine, CJiarlcs. — Born at Williamstown, Ver- 
 mont, April 15, 1799 ; graduated at Harvard LTniver- 
 sity in 1830 ; engaged in manufacturing, in which he 
 was very successful ; rendered the State great service 
 in the construction of its railroads ; his last project 
 was the exploration of a Southern Route for a great 
 Pacific Railroad. He was a liberal patron of the Uni- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 321 
 
 Europe ; he studied theology, and in 1^75 acted as / / 
 Chaplain to the Northern Provincial troops, hut after- ' 
 
 wards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1759, and settled at Taunton to practice ; in 1770 he 
 conducted the prosecution of the men eugafred in the 
 Boston massacre ; in 1773 was Eepresentative in the 
 Legislature ; was a Delegate to the Provincial Con- 
 gress from 1774 to 1775 ; Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1774 to 1778 ; and a signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence. In 1776 he was one of 
 the Deputies sent by Congress to visit the army of 
 Schuyler in the North ; was Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives of the State in 1777 ; Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of Massachusetts, and a member of the Executive 
 Council ; in 1779 was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention ; removed to Boston in 1780, and was 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the State from 1790 to 
 180-1 ; was founder of the American Academy of Mas- 
 sachusetts in 1780 ; received tlie degree of LL.D. from 
 Harvard in 1805. Died in Boston, May 11, 1814. 
 
 Paine, Sohert T. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina ; and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Painter, Gamalief, — Bom in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, May 23, 1743 ; received a common- 
 school education ; erected the first house in Middle- 
 bury, Vermont, in 1773 ; served as Captain and Quar- 
 termaster in the Revolutionary army ; Delegate to the 
 Convention that declared the Independence of Ver- 
 mont in 1777 ; was a State Representative ; Judge of 
 the County Court, and Councilor in 1813 and 1814 ; 
 a member of the first Constitutional Convention of 
 Vermont, in 1793, and was principal founder of Mid- 
 dlebury College, to which at his death he left a be- 
 quest of about ten thousand dollars. He died at Mid- 
 dlebury. May 31, 1819. 
 
 Palen, ,Toseph G. — He was horn in New York, 
 from which State he was appointed Chief Justice of 
 the Supreme Court for the Territory of New Mexico. 
 Died at Santa Fe, New Mexico, December 21, 1875. 
 
 Palen, Plifns. — He was born in New York ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Palfreii, John G. — Bom in Boston, May 3, 
 1795. He was prepared for college at Exeter Acad- 
 emy, and graduated at Harvard in 1815 ; he studied 
 theology, and was ordained a Unitarian preacher in 
 1818 ; lie was subsequently, for a number of years, 
 editor of the North Amerienn Review ; was Professor 
 of Sacred Literature in Harvard College from 1830 to 
 1838, and from which he received the degrees of D.D. 
 and LL.D. ; delivered a course of Lectures before the 
 Lowell Institute ; during the years 1843 and 1847 he 
 was a memlier of the General Court ; was elected 
 Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; 
 and he was a member of Congress from 1847 to 
 1849. His published writings are numerous, chiefly 
 of a theological and political character. His last , 
 work was a History of New England. In 1861 he was 
 appointed Postmaster of Boston. In 1869 he received' 
 from Harvard University the degree of LL.D. 
 
 Palmer, Jieriah. — Born in New York ; served' 
 four years in the Assembly of New York from Sara^ 
 toga County ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1803 to 1805. 
 
 Palmer, Franeis If', — He was born in Man- 
 chester, Dearborn County, Indiana, October 11„ 1837 ; 
 was apprenticed in 1843 to learn the trade of a printer, 
 and practiced as a journeyman in New York City ; 
 was for ten years the publisher and editor of the 
 Jamestmon Journal, in Chautauqua County ;; was a 
 
 versify of Vermont and the Northfield Academy. He 
 was Governor of the State from 1841 to 1843. Died at 
 Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853. 
 
 Paine, Elijah. — Born in Brooklyn, Connecticut, 
 January 31, 1757, and graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1781. He was the first President of the Phi Beta 
 Kappa Society of Harvard, and pronounced the first 
 oration before the same. He was a laSvyer by profes- 
 sion, and having settled in Veimont, was one of the 
 most useful pioneers of the new State, following the 
 practice of his profession, and the employments of 
 farmer, road-maker, and cloth manufacturer. In 1786 
 he was a member of the Convention called to revise 
 the State Constitution, and of which he was Secretary. 
 In 1787 he was elected to the State Legislature, and so 
 continued until 1791, when he was appointed Judge of 
 the Supreme Court. He was one of the Commission- 
 ers to settle the controversy between Vermont and 
 New York in 1789 ; was a Trustee of Dartmouth Col- 
 lege ; President of the Vermont Colonization Society ; 
 a pecuniary benefactor to the University of Vermont ; 
 received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. 
 and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of 
 Arts and Sciences, and an ordinary member of several 
 other literary institutions. He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Vermont from 1795 to 1801. In 1801 he 
 was appointed by President Adams Judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court of Vermont, which office he held till ivithin 
 a month of his death, when he resigned. He died at 
 Williamstown, Vermont, April 31, 1843. 
 
 Paine, Elijah, ,Tr. — He was bom in Williams- 
 town, Vermont, April 10, 1796 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1814 ; studied at Litchfield Law Scliool ; 
 and was admitted to the bar, and practiced in New 
 York city. He was associated with Henry Wlieaton, 
 aMd assisted in the Reports of the United States Su- 
 preme Court, which l^ear his name. He was the 
 author of Paine's " United States Circuit Reports," 
 and with Duer, published in 1830, Paine and Duer's 
 " Practice in Civil Actions and Proceedings in the State 
 of New York," two volumes. From 1850 to his death 
 he was a Judge of the Superior Court of New York, 
 and was noted for his decision in the Lemmou Slave 
 case. He died in New York, October 6, 1853. 
 
 Paine, Ephraitn, — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 
 
 1785. 
 
 Paine, JTalberf E, — He was horn in Cliardon, 
 Geauga County, Ohio, Feljruary 4, 1826 ; graduated at 
 the Western Reserve College in 1845 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1848, settling in Cleveland ; 
 removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1857 ; entered 
 the arnij' in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin 
 Regiment ; was promoted to the rank of Brigadier- 
 General in March, 1863 ; and lost a leg in the follow- 
 ing June, while in command of the Third Division of 
 the Nineteenth Corps, at the last assault on Port Hud- 
 son. In March, 1865, he was brevetted a Major-Gen- 
 eral, but resigned his commission in May, 1865 ; and 
 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Elections, the Select Committee on the Freedmen, and 
 that on the Militia. He was a Delegate to tlie Phila- 
 delphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re- 
 elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Reconstruction, and Soldiers' and Sailors' 
 Bounties, and as Chairman of the Committee on the 
 Militia. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and 
 made Chairman of Elections. 
 
 Paine, Pohert Treat. — Born in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, March 11, 1731 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1749 ; kept school for a time to support his 
 parents, for which object he also made a tour to 
 21 
 
33-2 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 member of the New Tork Assembly in 1853 and 1854 ; 
 removed to Iowa in 1858, and became editor and part 
 owner of tlie Diihuque Tim^s ; in 1860 be was elected 
 Printer for the State, holding the office eight years ; 
 and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from 
 Iowa to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Pacific Railroad, and the Library. Re- 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Appropriations. 
 
 Pnlmer, Geor<je W. — Born in Hoosick, Rensse- 
 laer County, New York, January 13, 1818 ; received a 
 common-school education ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; was Surrogate of Clinton County from 1843 to 
 1847 ; and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress from New York, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Expenditures in the Post-Olfice Depart- 
 ment. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Pub- 
 lic Expenditures. He was also a Delegate to the 
 " Baltimore Convention " of 1864. In 1866 he was ap- 
 pointed a .Judge of the Mixed Court at Sierra Leone 
 under the Treaty with Great Britain for the more 
 effectual suppression of the slave trade. 
 
 Palmer, tTofin.—He was born in Hoosick, Rens- 
 selaer County, New York, in 1785 ; received a good 
 education, and studied law ; and, having settled in 
 Plattsburg, Clinton County, in 1810, formed a law part- 
 nership with Chancellor VValvvorth, which continued 
 until 1830. He was elected a Representative to Con- 
 gress in 1817, but before the expiration of his term he 
 was chosen District Attorney for Clinton County, in 
 which capacity he served until 1841, and during that 
 year he was made the first Judge of said county, and 
 held the office until 1836. He was again elected to Con- 
 gress in 1837, and served one term. He died of Con- 
 sumption, at St. Bartholomew, West Indies, Decem- 
 ber 8, 1840. 
 
 Palmer, ,Tohn M, — He was Governor of Illi- 
 nois from 1869 to 1873. 
 
 Palmer, Joseph. — He -was a member of the 
 Provincial Congress in 1777 ; one of the Committee of 
 Safety, appointed by that body ; as a Revolutionary 
 otBcer, he served as Colonel of Militia in the field, in 
 the vicinity of Boston, and in defense of the Coast ; 
 in 1777 he was appointed Brigadier-Genera! command- 
 ing the Massachusetts Militia in the defense of Rhode 
 Island. Died at Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 
 25, 1788. 
 
 Pnlmer, Robert M. — Born in Mount Holly, 
 New Jersey, in 1830 ; removed to Pottsville, Pennsylva- 
 nia, with his family, and was educated as a printer ; 
 subsequently became an editor and studied law ; in 
 1850 lie was elected District-Attorney for Schuylkill 
 County ; subsequently to the State Senate, over which 
 he presided as Speaker ; and in 1861 he was appointed 
 Minister to the Argentine Confederation, but was 
 compelled to resign on account of his health, and died 
 at sea, April 26, 1863. 
 
 Palmer, Jf'illiam, A. — He was a Senator in 
 Congress, from Vermont, from 1818 to 1835. He was 
 also a member of the Vermont Legislature for six 
 years ; Judge of the Supreme Court in 1816 ; Gover- 
 nor of Vermont from 1831 to 1835 ; a member of the 
 " Constitutional Convention " of 1828 and 1836 ; 
 Judge of Probate and of the County Court ; two 
 years a State Senator ; and for eight years Clerk of 
 the Courts. Died at Danville, Vermont, at an ad- 
 vanced age, in December, 1860. 
 
 Parle, lieu jam in. — He was a native of New 
 Jersey, and was born in 1777. He was one of the 
 early pioneers to the Western Territory, and settled 
 
 in that portion which now forms the State of Indiana, 
 in IKOO. From 1805 to 1808 he was a Delegate in Con- 
 gress from that Territory, and was soon after ap- 
 pointed by President Jefferson Judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court, which office he held until his death, 
 which occurred in Salem, Indiana, July 13, 1835. He 
 was at one time President of the State Historical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 Parker, Amasa, J. — Bom in 1807, at Sharon, 
 Connecticut, and graduated at Union College, New 
 York. He was admitted to the bar in Delhi, New 
 York, in October, 1838. 1833 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in the State Legislature and in 1835 was 
 chosen a Regent of the LTniversity. From 1837 to 
 1839 he was a Representative in Congress, and in 1844 
 he was appointed a Circuit Judge and Vice-Chancellor 
 of the Court of Equity. Soon after the adoption of 
 a New State Constitution, he became a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of New York. In 1859 he was ap- 
 pointed United States Attorney for the District of 
 New York. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago 
 Convention" of 1864; and to the "State Constitu- 
 tional Convention " of 1867. 
 
 Parker, Andreiv. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Parker, Kli S. — He was of Indian extraction ; 
 served with General U. S. Grant as a Staff Officer, and 
 became a General ; and in 1869 he was appointed 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, holding the position 
 until December, 1871. 
 
 Parker, Hosen Tf. — He was born in Lempster, 
 New Hampshire, May 30, 1833 ; received a good edu- 
 cation ; entered Tuft's College in 1855, and left during 
 his sophomore year ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1859 ; was a member of the Legislature of New 
 Hampshire in 1859 ; removed to Claremont in 1860, 
 and commenced the practice of law ; was a member 
 of the Democratic National Convention, in 1868 ; and 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Parker, Isaac. — Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
 June 17, 1768, and graduated at Harvard College, in 
 1786. He commenced the practice of the law at Cas- 
 tine, in the District of Maine, and vas elected to Con- 
 gress, serving as Representative from 1797 to 1799. 
 He was appointed, by President Adams, Marshal for 
 the District of Maine, which office he held till 1801. 
 He afterwards removed to Portland, and, in 1806, was 
 chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court, and, in 1814, 
 Chief Justice, which position he occupied for sixteen 
 years. In 1820 he was President of the " Massachu- 
 setts Convention " for the revision of the Constitution, 
 and, for several years, he was Professor of Law in 
 Harvard University. He was a distinguished scholar 
 and friend of literature, and, for eleven years, was a 
 Trustee of Bowdoin College, and, for twenty years, an 
 Overseer of Harvard. He died in Boston, May 20, 
 1830. 
 
 Parker, Isaac C. — Born in Belmont County, 
 Ohio, October 15, 1838 ; worked on a farm ; received 
 an academic education ; taught school for four years ; 
 studied law. and admitted to the bar in 1859 ; re- 
 moved to St. Joseph, Missouri ; was elected City At- 
 torney in 1863 and 1863 ; was in the military service 
 in Missouri, during the Rebellion, as Corporal ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was elected Circuit At- 
 torney in 1864, but resigned in 1867 ; was elected, in 
 1868, Circuit Judge for six years, but resigned in 
 1870 ; was elected to the Forty -second and Forty-third 
 Congresses, serving on the Committees on Navy De- 
 partment, and Appropriations. In 1875 he was ap- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 323 
 
 pointed Chief Justice of Utah, in the place of J. B. 
 McKean, removed. 
 
 Pnrlier, 'Tames, — He was born in the Township 
 of Bethlehem, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, March 
 1, 1776. He was a student in Columbia College, New 
 York, and graduated in 1793 ; he entered the count- 
 ing-house of a merchant in New York, and remained 
 there until 1797, when he settled in Perth Amboy, 
 where he has since resided ; he was, for a few years, 
 engaged in trade ; was a member of the New Jersey 
 Legislature in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 
 1815, 1816, 1818, and 1837— in all, eleven years ; was 
 a Jackson Elector in 1824 ; Collector of the Customs 
 at Perth Amboy from 1829 to 1833 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He also 
 served as one of the Commissioners, on the part of 
 New Jersey, to settle the boundary and jurisdiction 
 between New York and New Jersey, at the different 
 periods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, obtaining an agree- 
 ment during the year last named ; and he was a mem- 
 ber of the " Constitutional Convention" of the State, 
 in 1844. Mr. Parker is still living, in the enjoyment 
 of a pleasant home and troops of friends. 
 
 Parker, tTatnea, — A native of Boston, Massachu- 
 setts ; was a physician by profession ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Conafress from Massacliusetts from 1813 
 to 1815, and from 1819 to 1821. He was for fifty 
 years a resident of Gardiner, Maine, where he died 
 November 9, 1837, aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Parker, tToel. — Born in Jaffrey, New Hamp- 
 shire, January 25, 1795 ; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1811 ; began the practice of law at Keene, 
 in 1815 ; was a member of the Legislature from 1824 
 to 1836 ; appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of New Hampshire in 1833 ; and Chief Justice 
 in 1838 ; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Dart- 
 mouth College from 1847 to 1837 ; Chairman of the 
 Committee to Revise the New Hampshire Laws, in 
 1840 ; and in 1847 made Royall Professor of Law at 
 Harvard University. He was the author of many law 
 reports, essays and addresses on legal and political 
 subjects. Received the degree of LL.D. from Dart- 
 mouth in 1837, and Harvard in 1848. Died at Cam- 
 bridge, Massacliusetts, August 17, 1875. 
 
 Parker, Joel, — Born in Monmouth, New Jersey, 
 November 24, 1816 ; as a boy he worked on a farm, 
 and received a common-school education at Trenton ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1839 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1843 ; was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1847 ; was, for a time. Attorney for his 
 county; was elected, in 1861, Major-General of Vol- 
 unteers ; was elected Governor of New Jersey in 
 1863, for three years, and re-elected in 1871. 
 
 Parker, John, — He was a Delegate from South 
 Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 
 1788. 
 
 Parker, John Mason. — Bom in Granville, 
 Washington County, New York, June 14, 1805 ; grad- 
 uated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1838 ; was 
 a lawyer by profession ; and a Representative in the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, serving on the 
 Committees on Public Expenditures and Revolution- 
 ary Pensions. 
 
 Parker, Josiah. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1801 ; and was 
 one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Gov- 
 ernment on the Potomac. 
 
 Parker, Nahum, — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from New Hampsliire from 1807 to 1810, having 
 also held the positions of State Councilor from 1805 
 
 to 1807, President of the State Senate in 1838, and 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Hillsborough 
 County from 1823 to 1835. Died in 1839, aged eighty 
 years. 
 
 Pa rker, Peter. — He was bom in Massachusetts ; 
 was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of 
 medicine. He went to China as a Missionary ; in 
 1845 he was appointed Secretary and Interpreter to 
 the American Legation ; from 1850 to 1853 he oflS- 
 ciated as Charge d'Affaires nd interim ; also in 1854 
 and 1855 ; and from 1855 to 1857 he was a Commis 
 sioner to take charge of the interests of the United 
 States. He practiced his profession in China, re- 
 turned to tlie United States with a fortune, and set- 
 tled in the City of Washington, where he became one 
 of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 
 
 Parker, liiehard, — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Parker, Richard E, — Born in 1777 ; in early 
 life was a member of the Virginia House of Dele- 
 gates ; for many years a Judge of the General and 
 Circuit Courts of Virginia ; also a Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of Appeals ; and for a brief period, from 
 1836 to 1837, a Senator in Congress. He died in Vir- 
 ginia, in November, 1840. 
 
 Parker, Samuel W, — He was born in Jeffer- 
 son County, New York, September 9, 1805 ; grad- 
 uated at the Miami University, in Ohio, in 1828 ; set- 
 tled in Indiana ; and, while studying law, taught 
 school and edited a newspaper ; he was admitted to 
 the bar in 1831 ; was elected to the Legislature in 
 1836, where he served five years ; and was two years 
 Attorney for the State. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855 ; he was, iu 
 1846, President of the White Water Canal Company, 
 the Charter for which he had passed by the Legisla- 
 ture ; in 1845 he was a Clay Elector, and in 1856 an 
 Elector for Fremont ; and at the present time is Presi- 
 dent of the Junction Railway Company of Indiana, 
 where he resides, chiefly engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
 Parker, Severn E, — He was bom in Northamp- 
 ton County, Virginia, and was a prominent member 
 of the Virginia Legislature, an eminent lawyer, and 
 a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1831. He 
 died October 31, 1836, in Northampton County, Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Parker, T/iomas. — ^He was a citizen of South 
 Carolina, and in 1813 was appointed Judge of the 
 United States Court for the District of South Carolina. 
 
 Paries. Gorhani, — He was born in the western 
 part of Massacliusetts in 1793 ; graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1813 ; adopted the profession of law, and 
 commenced practice at Bangor ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Maine from 1833 to 1837. 
 From 1838 to 1841 he was United States Marshal for 
 the District of Maine ; from 1843 to 1845 United States 
 Attorney ; and from 1845 to 1849 United States Con- 
 sul at Bio Janeiro. 
 
 Parks, Samuel C, — He was bom in Vermont 
 and removed to Illinois, from which State he was 
 appointed a Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of Idaho. 
 
 Parnienfer, IViUiam, — He was bom in Mas- 
 sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1837 to 1845. He was also a 
 State Senator in 1836 ; and Naval Officer at Boston 
 
324 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 A-vso u 
 
 from 1845 to 1849. Died in Cambridge, Massachu- 
 setts, February 27, 1866. 
 
 Pnrris, Albion K, — He was born in Hebron, 
 Oxford County, Maine, January 19, 1788 ; graduated 
 at Dartmouth College in 1806 ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1809 ; in 1811 he was appointed 
 Attorney for Oxford County ; in 1813 was elected to 
 tlie General Court ; in 1814 was chosen a State Sen- 
 ator ; was elected a Representative in Congress in 
 1815, and again in 1817 ; in 1816 he was a member of 
 the "State Constitutional Convention;" was ap- 
 jjointed Judge of the Federal District Court in 1818, 
 when he resigned. In 1819 he was a member of the 
 " State Convention" for framing a Constitution ; and 
 in 1820 was appointed Judge of Probate for Cumber- 
 land County. He was iive times elected Governor of 
 Maine from 1822 to 1827 ; was a Senator in Congress 
 in 1827 and 1828 ; was appointed Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of the State in 1828, holding the office 
 until 1836, when he became Second Comptroller in 
 the Federal Treasury Department. He left this office 
 in 1850, and returned to Portland, of which city, in 
 1853, he was elected Mayor. He died in Portland, 
 February 11, 1857. 
 
 Parris, J'iff/il D, — Born In Maine, adopted the 
 profession of law ; was Assistant Secretary of the 
 State Senate in 1831 ; was a member of the Maine 
 Legislature from 1833 to 1839 ; a Representative in 
 Congress from Maine from 1838 to 1841 ; a State Sen- 
 ator in 1842 and 1843 ; United States Marshal for 
 Maine from 1844 to 1848 ; United States Special Mail 
 Agent from 1853 to 1856 ; and subsequently held the 
 office of Naval Storekeeper at Kittery, Maine. When 
 in the State Senate he was President pro tern., and for 
 a short time acting Governor of the State. Died at 
 Maine, June 13, 1874. 
 
 ParHsh, Isnac, — He was born in Ohio, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1839 to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Parroff, fToJin F. — He was a member, in 1811, 
 of the New Hampshire Legislature ; a Representative 
 in Congress from New Hampshire from 1817 to 1819 ; 
 and a Senator'of the United States from 1819 to 1825 ; 
 and in 1826 was appointed Postmaster at Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire. He died in Greenland, New Hamp- 
 shire, July 9, 1836, aged sixty-eight years. 
 
 Part'otf, Marcus tT, — Born at Hamburg, South 
 Carolina, October 27, 1838 ; graduated at Dickinson 
 College, Pennsylvania, in 1849 ; is a lawj'er by pro- 
 fession, having studied at Cambridge ; was a member 
 of the Ohio Legislature in 1853 and 18.54 ; and Avas 
 elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 Kansas Territory. Elected, also, to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress. 
 
 Parson, Snnntel JI. — He was an early emigrant 
 to the west, and was appointed an Associate Justice 
 of the United States Court for the Territory north- 
 west of the Ohio River. 
 
 Parsons, Edward T. — Born in Jefferson 
 County, Kentucky, December 13, 1842 ; graduated at 
 the University of Louisville in 1861 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1865 ; and, in 1874, elected a 
 Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Parsons, Letris E. — He was appointed Pro- 
 visional Governor of Alabama in 1865, but remained 
 in office less than one year. 
 
 Parsons, RicJiard C, — He was bom in New 
 London, Connecticut, October 10, 1826 ; received a 
 
 liberal education ; removed to Ohio at the age of 
 twenty years ; studied law, and admitted to practice 
 in 1851 ; in that year was elected a member of the 
 City Councils of Cleveland, and the next year Presi- 
 dent of that body ; in 1857 he was elected to the Ohio 
 Legislature, re-elected, and chosen Speaker of the 
 House ; in 1861 was tendered the mission to Chili, 
 which he declined ; was subsequently appointed Con- 
 sul at Rio Janeiro, resigning in 1862 ; was appointed 
 Collector of Internal Revenue at Cleveland for four 
 years ; in 1866 he received the appointment of Mar- 
 shal of the Supreme Court of the United States, and 
 served six years ; and was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Parsons, Sanmel Jfolden. — Bom at Lyme, 
 
 Connecticut, May 14, 1737 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1756 ; studied law at LjTne with his 
 uncle, Matthew Griswold ; was admitted to the bar in 
 175S) ; settled at Lyme ; was elected a member of the 
 Assembly in 1762, and successively for eighteen ses- 
 sions ; in 1774 was appointed King's Attorney, and re- 
 moved to New London ; was a member of tlie Com- 
 mittee of Correspondence ; was Colonel of the Sixth 
 Connecticut Regiment ; was at the siege of Boston, 
 and at Long Island ; made Brigadier-General by Con- 
 gress in 1776, and Major-General in 1780 ; in 1779 
 succeeded General Putnam ; and, at the close of the 
 war, resumed the practice of the law at Middletown. 
 In 1785 was appointed by Congress a Commissioner to 
 treat with the Indians at Miami ; was a member of 
 the Convention of Connecticut which ratified the 
 Federal Constitution in 1788 ; was appointed by 
 Washington first Judge of Northwest Territory. In 
 1789 was State Commissioner for treating with the 
 Indians on the Western Reserve of Connecticut. He 
 settled on the Ohio River in 1787, and published an 
 essay on the antiquities of the Western States. On 
 November 17, 1789, he was drowned in the rapids of 
 the Big Beaver River, Ohio. 
 
 Parsons, TheophUns. — Born at Byfield, Mas- 
 sachusetts, February 24, 1750 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1769 ; was admitted to the Portland bar 
 in 1774, and kept the Grammar School there ; upon 
 the destruction of the town, in 1775, he returned to 
 Byfield ; in 1777 he began to practice in Newbury- 
 port ; and was a Delegate to the State Convention at 
 Ipswich, to construct a State Constitution, his 
 draught, known as the "Essex Result," was virtu- 
 ally adopted in 1780. Removing to Boston, in 1800, 
 he was engaged in many important cases, until made 
 Chief Justice of Massachusetts, in 1806. He advo- 
 cated the Federal Constitution, to which he proposed 
 several amendments. His public opinions were so 
 highly esteemed that a collection of them were pub- 
 lished in New York m 1836, entitled, "Commentaries 
 on American Law." In legal knowledge he was 
 among the first men of his time ; he was remarkable 
 for his wit, his wonderful memory, and force as a 
 speaker. His Decisions were embraced in six volumes 
 of Reports. He was also well versed in classical lit- 
 erature and mathematical science. Died in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, October 30, 1813. 
 
 Parfridf/e, Georr/e. — He graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1762 ; was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1776 to 1778, and 
 in 1784 ; and a Representative in Congress, after the 
 adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. He 
 died at Duxbury, Massachusetts, July 7, 1828, aged 
 eighty-eight years. 
 
 Partridge, James It. — He was bom in Balti- 
 more, Maryland ; received a liberal education, and 
 adopted the profession of law ; in 1862 he was ap- 
 pointed Minister Resident to Honduras, remaining 
 there one year ; in 1863 he was transferred, with the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ]25 
 
 same rank, to Salvador, remaining there until 18G6 ; 
 and in 1871 he went to Brazil as Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary, and was still in office as late as 1875. In 1878 
 he acted as one of the Arbitrators on the Claim of the 
 Earl of Duudonald, at Rio Janeiro. Returned to the 
 United States in September, 1875. 
 
 Parfriifffe, Sfiiniief. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Paferfton, WnUani, — Bom at sea, of Irish pa- 
 rents, in 1745. He graduated at Princeton, in 1763 ; 
 studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1769 ; was a 
 member of the Convention which formed the first 
 Constitution of New Jersey, in 1776 ; from that time 
 until the year 1786 he was Attorney-General of the 
 State ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 
 1780 and 1781 ; and was one of the first Senators in 
 Congress from 1789 to 1790, when he resigned, having 
 previously been a member of the Convention which 
 formed the Federal Constitution, which instrument he 
 signed. He was Governor of New Jersey from 1791 
 to 1794, when he was appointed, by the President, a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 which he held until his death, in 1806. In 1798 and 
 1799 he revised, by authority of the Legislature, the 
 laws of New Jersey, a work highly esteemed, and the 
 foundation of the jurisprudence of the State. He re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. from Harvard and Dart- 
 mouth. 
 
 Paffer.ion, Carfile PoUoclc, — Son of Commo- 
 dore D. T. Patterson, and born at Shieldsborough, 
 Bay St. Louis, Louisiana, August 24, 1816 ; appointed 
 a Midshipman in the navy in 1830 ; graduated at 
 Georgetown College, Kentucky, in 1838 ; assigned to 
 the Coast Survey in that year and served three years, 
 after which he went to sea again ; in 1845 re- 
 entered the Coast Survey service, and performed im- 
 portant service in tlie Gulf of Mexico ; in 1849 ac- 
 cepted command of Pacific steamship Oregon ; in 1851 
 had command of the Golden Oate, of the same line, re- 
 signing in 1853 ; subsequently devoted himself to 
 civil pur.suits ; and, in 1861, at the request of Profes- 
 sor A. D. Bache, he was appointed Hydrographic In- 
 spector of the Coast Survey ; and, in 1874, he was ap- 
 pointed Superintendent of the Coast Survey, succeed- 
 ing Professor Benjamin Pierce, and is still in that po- 
 sition. 
 
 JPftffersoH, David T. — He was born in Greene 
 County, Tennessee, February 38, 1819 ; received an 
 academical education ; was engaged for a time as a 
 paper-maker, and also as a miller ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1841 ; was elected a Judge of the 
 Circuit Court in 1854, and re-elected in 1862 ; and, in 
 1865, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee for the term ending in 1869, having taken his 
 seat on the last day of the first session of the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, and serving, during the subsequent 
 session, on the Committees on Commerce, Revolution- 
 ary Claims, and the District of Columbia. He is the 
 son-in-law of President Andrew Johnson. 
 
 Pattersoti.Ja mes If. — He was born in Henni- 
 ker, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, July 3', 
 1828 ; was educated at Dartmouth College, gradu- 
 ating in 1848. From 1854 to 1859 he was a Professor 
 of Mathematics in Dartmouth College, after which 
 he was transferred to the Chair of Professor of As- 
 tronomy and Meteorology, in the same college, which 
 he still holds. From 1858 to 1861 he was a School 
 Commissioner from Grafton County, and at the same 
 time was Secretary of the Board of Education for the 
 State. In 1862 he served in the State Legislature, 
 and was elected a Representative from New Hamp- 
 shire to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 
 Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart- 
 ment, and for the District of Columbia. In 1864 he 
 was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, 
 and was reappointed in 1865. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Foreign Affairs, and the Special Committee on the 
 Death of President Lincoln, and also on those on a 
 Bureau of Education, and Free Schools in the District 
 of Columbia. In June, 1866, he was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress for the term commencing in 1867 and 
 ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Foreign 
 Relations, District of Columbia, and Enrolled Bills. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Patfersoii, Jolm. — He was a member for four 
 years of the Assembly of New York ; and a Rejjre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 
 1805. 
 
 Patterson, ,Tohn, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1825. 
 
 Patterson, John James. — He was born in 
 Waterloo, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, August 8, 
 1830 ; graduated at Jefferson College in 1848 ; was 
 editorof the J;;«iVta Sentinel in 1853, and for ten years 
 afterwards was editor of the JJnrrislmrg Telegraph ; 
 was engaged in banking and in the management 
 of railroads ; was a member of the State Legislature 
 in 18.58, and three following years ; removed to South 
 Carolina in 1869 ; served in the army on the staff of - 
 General Williams of Pennsylvania ; was elected to 
 the Senate of the United "States for the tenn com- 
 mencing in 1878 and ending in 1879, serving on the 
 Committees on Pensions, Territories and Education, 
 and Labor. 
 
 Patterson, Robert. — Born in the North of Ire- 
 land, May 30, 1743 ; settled in Philadelphia in 1768 ; 
 became Principal of the Academy at Wilmington, 
 Delaware, in 1774 ; was a Brigade-Major in the Revo- 
 lutionary War ; Professor of Mathematics in the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania from 1779 to 1814, and was 
 for some time Vice-Provost. In 1805 he was made 
 Director of the United States Mint ; from 1819 till his 
 death was President of the American Philosophical 
 Society, to whose Trnnsartions he was a frequent con- 
 tributor. He published " The Newtonian System" 
 in 1808; "Treatise on Arithmetic " in 1819; edited 
 "Ferguson's Mechanics" in 1806 ; his "Astronomy" 
 in 1809; "John Webster's Natural Philosophv " in 
 1808 ; " Ewing's Natural Philosophy " in 1809. 'Died 
 in Philadelphia, July 33, 1834. He was the father of 
 Robert M. 
 
 Patterson, Poherf M. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania ; graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sj'lvania in 1804; and made M. D., in 1808; edu- 
 cated as a chemist under Sir Humphrey Davy ; 
 returned to America in 1813, and was soon after 
 elected Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chem- 
 istry in the University of Philadelphia ; Professor in 
 the University of Virginia from 1828 to 1835 ; Direc- 
 tor of the United States Mint, Philadelphia, from 
 1835 to 1853 ; was elected a member of the Philo- 
 sophical Society in 1809 ; and delivered, while its 
 Vice-President, in 1843, "A Discourse on the Early 
 History of the American Philosophical Society." He 
 was President of the Society from 1849 to 185.3. Died 
 in Philadelphia, September 5, 1854, aged sixty-eight 
 3'ears. 
 
 Patterson, Thomas.— He was bom in Lancas- 
 ter County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representati\'e 
 in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1825. 
 
 Patterson, Thomas J.— He was bom in New 
 
320 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 York ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Patterson, Thomas 31, — Born in Carlow, Ire- 
 land, November 4, 1840 ; received a common-school 
 education, and spent one year at the Asbury Uni- 
 versity in Indiana, and one year at the Wabash Col- 
 lege ; up to the year 1864 he was a printer and silver- 
 smith ; subsequently adopted the profession of law ; 
 removed to Colorado, and in 1874 was appointed At- 
 torney for the city of Denver ; and was elected a Del- 
 egate from Colorado to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Fatfersoii, IValtev, — He was born in Colum- 
 bia County, New York, and was a member of the As- 
 sembly of New York in 1818 from Columbia County ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1823. 
 
 Patterson, William. — He was born in Mary- 
 laud, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 
 1838. 
 
 Patterson , Willia m. — He was born in London- 
 derry, New Hampshire, June 4, 1789 ; removed to the 
 State of New York in 1815, and subsequently settled 
 in Warsaw, Genesee, now Wyoming County. He was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1837 to 1839, but died before the expiration of 
 his term, at Warsaw, New York, August 14, 1838. 
 
 Patton, ,Tohn. — Born in Kent County, Delaware, 
 in 1746 ; he was an officer in the Revolution, and 
 fouglit in nearly every battle from Long Island to 
 Camden ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1783 to 1786 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from Delaware from 1793 to 1794, and was re-elected 
 in 1795, but his seat was successfully contested by H. 
 Latimer. He died at Dover, in June, 1801. 
 
 Patton, iTohn. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Patton, ,Tohn3I. — He was born in Virginia ; re- 
 ceived a liberal education, and adopted the profession 
 of law, in which he was successful ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1830 to 
 1838. He died in October, 1858, in the sixty-second 
 year of his age. He was for some years, and at the 
 time of his death. Judge of the Court of Appeals. 
 
 Patton, P. M, — He was elected Governor of Ala- 
 bama, and remained in the office until 1868. 
 
 Pa aiding, James K. — Born in Dutchess Coun- 
 ty, New York, August 33, 1778 ; spent his boyhood on 
 his father's farm ; and in 1797 he obtained a clerkship 
 in New York City, where he commenced, and long 
 continued his labors, as a man of letters. His first 
 book was " Salmagundi," published in 1807 ; in 1813 
 he issued the "History of John Bull and Brother 
 Jonathan," and in 1813, the " Lay of the Scotch Fid- 
 dle ; " in 1813 he was made Secretary of a Board of 
 Navy Commissioners ; in 1817 he published " Letters 
 from the South ; " in 1818 the " Backwoodsman ; " in 
 1833 " A Sketch of Old England ; " in 1834 he was ap- 
 pointed Navy Agent at New Y'ork ; in 1835 appeared 
 his " John Bull in America:" in 1831 the "Dutch- 
 man's Fireside ;" and in 1832 "Westward Ho." In 
 1838 he was appointed by President Van Buren Secre- 
 tary of the Navy, from which office he retired in 1841, 
 and spent the remainder of his life in retirement in 
 the county where he was born. Died April 5, 1860. 
 
 Paal<linfj,Jf'illiam, Jr. — Born in Tarrytown, 
 Westchester County, New York, in 1769 ; was educa- 
 
 ted for the law, and engaged in a lucrative practice in 
 New York City. He was a Delegate to the New 
 York Convention for revising the State Constitution 
 in 1831 ; and elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1811 to 1813, but he was absent 
 from his seat during the session in which war was de- 
 clared, and served as General of Militia during its 
 prosecution. In 1833 he was chosen Mayor of New 
 York, after which he held no public office. He died 
 at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. 
 
 PaivUnf), Leri. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Pai/ne, Henry B. — Born in Hamilton County, 
 New York, November 30, 1810 ; graduated at Hamil- 
 ton College ; studied law, and in 1834 settled in Cleve- 
 land, Ohio ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; he 
 was elected State Senator in 1849 and 1850 ; was for 
 several years a member of the City Council ; was 
 President of the Columbus Railroad Company, and was 
 identified with other important industries of the State ; 
 was a Candidate for the United States Senate, and 
 also for Governor in 1857, but was defeated ; was a 
 Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, and to 
 the National Democratic Convention of 1873, having 
 reported the platform that was adopted ; and in 1874 
 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. He was for twenty years ex- 
 tensively interested in the manufacturing interests of 
 Cleveland, and since 1862 has been President of the 
 Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners of that city. 
 
 Payne, Winter W, — He was bom in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, January 3, 1807 ; received a good 
 English education, and emigrated to Alabama in 1835 ; 
 was elected to the Alabama Legislature in 1831, and 
 with the exception of one year, served in that capacity 
 until 1840 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Alabama from 1841 to 1847. He subsequently 
 returned to Warrenton, Virginia, where he settled, 
 devoting himself to agricultural pursuits. 
 
 Pai/nfer, Lemuel. — He was born in Delaware, 
 and on removing to Pennsylvania was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 
 1841. 
 
 Paynter, Samuel. — He was elected Governor 
 of Delaware in 1834, and remained in office three 
 years. 
 
 /c 
 ee JO— Born in Portsmouth, Rhode 
 Island, in 1789, and graJiuated at Brown University in 
 1808 ; died at Newport, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849. 
 He was a prominent lawyer ; at one time Attorney- 
 General of the State, and United States District At- 
 torney for that District, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Rhode Island from 1835 to 1833, and again 
 from 1835 to 1837. He was also a Presidential 
 Elector in 1831. He was a graduate of Brown Uni- 
 versity, and served in the Legislature of Rhode 
 Island. 
 
 Pearce, James A. — He was born in Alexandria, 
 Virginia, December 14, 1805, although of a Maryland 
 family by his father's side. He graduated at Prince- 
 ton College with the first honors, in 1833 ; was bred to 
 the law, but was much engaged in the pursuits of ag- 
 riculture ; he was a member of the Maryland Legisla- 
 ture in 1831 ; a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1835 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843 ; and 
 a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1863, having served 
 for a number of years as Chairman of the Joint Com- 
 mittee on the Library. He also held the post of Pro- 
 fessor of Law in Washington College, Chestertown, 
 and was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. 
 He was re-elected to the Senate for the term com- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 327 
 
 mencing March, 1863, but died at Chesterto^vn, Mary- 
 land, December 20, 1803. 
 
 Pea fee, John J. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Pearson, Joseph, — Born in Rowan County, 
 North Carolina, and died at Salisbury, October 27, 
 1834. He was a lawyer by profession ; served two 
 years in the State Legislature, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1809 to 
 1815. While in Congress he fought a duel with the 
 Hon. John Q. Jackson, the result of a political quar- 
 rel. 
 
 Pearson, Pichard M. — Born in North Caro- 
 lina in 1805 ; graduated at Chapel Hill College in 
 1823 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1826 ; from 
 1829 to 1832 was a member of the State Legislature ; 
 in 1836 he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court, 
 and in 1848 transferred to the Supreme Court of the 
 State. 
 
 Pease, Calvin. — Born at Suffield, Connecticut ; 
 studied law with Gideon Granger, and after prac- 
 ticing in his native State, went to Ohio in 1800 ; was a 
 member of the Ohio Legislature, and was active in 
 forming the State Government ; from 1803 to 1810 
 was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; 
 and from 1816 to 1830 was Judge, and for some time. 
 Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, and State Senator 
 in 1813. Died at Warren, Ohio, September 17, 1839. 
 
 Pease, Edtrard M, — He was born in Connec- 
 ticut ; emigrated to Texas in 1805 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law, and was a law partner of Sam Hous- 
 ton ; was Governor of Texas from 1853 to 1857, and 
 in 1807 he was re-elected to the same office, and con- 
 tinued therein until 1870. 
 
 Pease, Henry R. — He was bom in Connecticut, 
 February 19, 1835 ; received a good education ; fol- 
 lowed the profession of teaching for eleven years ; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; entered 
 the army as a private soldier, and was promoted to 
 the ranlc of Captain on stafE duty ; was appointed in 
 1805 Superintendent of Education for the State of 
 Louisiana, while under military rule ; in 1867 Super- 
 intendent of the education of Freedmen in Mississippi ; 
 took part in the re-construction of the State ; was 
 elected Superintendent of Education of the State in 
 1809 ; edited and published the Mississippi Educn- 
 tionnl Journnl, the first magazine ever devoted to pop- 
 ular education at the South ; was elected to the United 
 States Senate to fill a vacancy for the term ending in 
 1875, serving on the Committees on Education, and 
 Labor, and Enrolled Bills. Soon afterwards appoint- 
 ed Postmaster at Vicksburg, but was removed in No- 
 vember, 1875, on account of politics. 
 
 Pease, Sefh. — He was born in Connecticut ; edu- 
 Gated for the medical profession, and having removed 
 to Washington, was appointed in 1816 the First As- 
 sistant Postmaster-General, having been the first who 
 held that position. 
 
 Peaslee, Charles H, — He was born in Gilman- 
 town, New Hampshire, in February, 1804 ; graduated 
 at Dartmouth College in 1824 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1853. 
 He was also a State Representative from 1833 to 1837 ; 
 Adjutant-General of the State from 1839 to 1847 ; and 
 Collector of Customs at Boston from 1853 to 1857. 
 Died at St. Paul, Minnesota, while on a visit there in 
 October, 1866. 
 
 Peck, Ebenezer. — He was born in the City of 
 
 Portland, State of Maine, on May 22, 1805 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in the City of 
 Montreal, Lower Canada, in 1827 ; was twice elected 
 to the General Assembly of the Province of Lower 
 Canada ; was made King's Counsel in 1833 ; in 1835 
 he emigrated to Chicago, Illinois ; was elected sev- 
 eral times to the Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives of that State ; was Clerk of the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois for four years — from 1841 to 1845 ; 
 and was afterwards appointed Reporter of its de- 
 cisions by that Court, which oiflce he held for more 
 than thirteen years from ISoO, and until he was, in 
 1863, made one of the Judges of the Court of Claims 
 in Washington. 
 
 Peck, Erasmus D. — He was bom in Connecti- 
 cut, September 16, 1808 ; graduated at the Berkshire 
 Medical College in 1829 ; removed to Ohio in 1830 ; 
 was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature in 
 1856 and 1858 ; was Examining Surgeon for the Army 
 and for Pensions ; was elected to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress to fill a vacancy , and was re-elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Invalids' Pensions. 
 
 Peck, Georf/e V, — He was bom in New York 
 about the year 1818 ; removed to Michigan, and was 
 a member of the Legislature of that State in 1846 and 
 1847, serving as Speaker during the latter year ; was 
 afterwards chosen Secretary of State ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Michigan from 1855 to 
 1857. 
 
 Peck, Henri/ E, — He was born in Rochester, 
 New York; educated forthe ministry ; was appointed 
 a Professor in Oberlin College, Ohio ; identified him- 
 self with the Anti-Slavery party in 1850 ; and in 1862 
 he was appointed by President Lincoln, first, a Com- 
 missioner, and afterwards Minister Resident and 
 Consul-General to Hayti. Died at Port-au-Prince, 
 June 9, 1807, having originally gone abroad for the 
 benefit of his health. 
 
 Peck, Isahel. — He was born in Royalton, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1803 ; was well educated ; and in 1874 he 
 was elected Governor of Vermont. 
 
 Peck, Janies H. — He was born in Tennessee ; 
 educated for the bar, and was a man of influence ; he 
 removed to Missouri, and was made Judge of the 
 United States District Court for Missouri, and died at 
 St. Charles, in that State, May 1, 1837. 
 
 Peck, Ja red V. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Peck, Lucius B, — He was bom in Waterbury, 
 Vermont, in 1799 ; spent two years at the West Point 
 Academy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1824 ; 
 served in the State Legislature, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851. 
 From 1853 to 1857 he was United States Attorney for 
 Vermont, and subsequently President of the Vermont 
 and Canada Railroad. Died in Lowell, Massachu- 
 setts, December, 1806. 
 
 Peck, Luther C, — He was bom in Connecticut, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1837 to 1841. 
 
 Peckhain, Pnfiis Jf. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1853 to 1855, and in 1859 he was 
 elected Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Peden, Janies v< .—He was a citizen of Florida ; 
 went to the Argentine Confederation as Charge 
 
338 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 d' Affaires in 1854 ; was soon after promoted to the 
 rank of Minister Resident, andretuxned to the United 
 States in 1858. 
 
 Peek, Herinaniis. — He was born in Albany, 
 New York, and was for two years a member of the 
 New York Assembly, from Schenectady County, and 
 a Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1819 to 1831. 
 
 Feet'!/, Williatn, — He was a Delegate from Del- 
 aware to" the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786. 
 
 Pef/ram, 'John. — He was a native of Virginia, 
 and a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1818 to 1819, to fill the unexpired term of Peter- 
 son Goodwin. 
 
 Peirce, Henry ,1. — He was a citizen of Massa- 
 chusetts ; and in i869 was appointed Minister Resi- 
 dent to the Sandwich Islands, and was still in office 
 in 1875. 
 
 Pelham, Charles, — Was born in Person County, 
 North Carolina, March 13, 1835 ; removed to Alabama 
 in 1838 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1858, 
 and practiced until 1863, when he entered the Con- 
 federate service ; was elected Judge of the Tenth Ju- 
 dicial Circuit in 1868 ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on one or two Committees. 
 
 Pelf on, Gill/ P. — Born at Great Barrington, 
 Berkshire County, Massachusetts, August 3, 1835. 
 His taste, from early boyhood, had inclined him to 
 the study of law, but it was not until he had attained 
 his twentieth year that he was enabled to prosecute 
 his plans for a professional life, having previously to 
 that time remained upon the homestead farm with 
 his father. lie spent two years in the academy of his 
 native town, and three years in the Connecticut Lit- 
 erary Institute, after which he devoted one year to 
 teaching at Lee, Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains, 
 New York, employing his leisure in reading elemen- 
 tary works on law. He then entered a law office at 
 Kinderhook and completed his studies, being admit 
 ted to the bar in 1850. In 1851 he opened a law olfice 
 In New York City, and in 1854 was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, after which 
 he returned to New York and resumed his profes- 
 Bional labors. 
 
 Pendleton, Edininul, — Was born in Carolina 
 County, Virginia, September 9, 1731 ; at the age of 
 twenty-one was admitted to the bar ; was a member 
 of the House of Burgesses in 1753, and was subse- 
 quently Speaker of that body ; in 1764 he was one of 
 the Committee to memorialize the king ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Committee of Correspondence in 1773 ; 
 Presiding Magistrate and County Lieutenant of 
 Carolina County in 1774 ; a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1774 to 1775 ; President of the 
 Virginia Conventions of 1775 and 1776 ; and drew up 
 the resolutions for the Declaration of Independence ; 
 was the opponent of Patrick Henry ; was Chairman 
 of the Committee of Safety ; and one of the revisers 
 of the Colonial laws ; in 1777 fell from his horse and 
 was crippled for life ; was Speaker and President of 
 the Chancery Court ; and in 1779 President of the 
 Court of Appeals ; in 1788 presided over the Conven- 
 tion which adopted the Federal Constitution ; was 
 appointed by Washington United States District 
 Judge for Virginia in 1789, but declined ; and pro- 
 tested asainst a war with France in 1798. He died in 
 Richmond, Virginia, October 33, 1803. 
 
 Pendleton, JEdm ii n d IT. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. 
 16 
 
 Pendleton, George H, — Born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, July 35, 1835 ; is a lawyer by jirofession ; was 
 a member of the -State Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 
 1855 ; %vas elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gresses, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Military Affairs during each term. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Ways and Means, and as Chairman of a Special Com- 
 mittee on admitting cabinet officers to the floor of the 
 House of Representatives. In 1864 he was nomi- 
 nated for the office of Vice-President of the United 
 States, on the ticket with George B. McClellan for 
 President. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia" National Union Convention" of 1806. In 1869 
 appointed President of the Kentucky Central Rail- 
 road Company. His father, Nathaniel Greene Pen- 
 dleton, was also a Representative in Congress. 
 
 Pendleton, Ifeuri/. — Born in Virginia about 
 1750 ; emigrated to South Carolina and was appointed 
 Judge in 1776 ; when the British overran the State 
 he joined the patriot forces and fought at Eutaw ; 
 resumed his judgeship in 1783 ; he originated the 
 County Court Act of South Carolina, and was one of 
 three judges appointed to revise tlie laws of the 
 State in 1785 ; in 1788 he was a member of the Con- 
 vention which ratified the Federal Constitution. 
 Died in South Carolina in 1789. 
 
 Pendleton, James M. — He was born in Pen- 
 dleton Hill, in North Stonington, Connecticut, 
 January 10, 1823 ; received an academic education ; 
 was engaged in mercantile business and banking, in 
 Rhode Island ; was a member of the State Senate in 
 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865 ; a Delegate to the " Nation- 
 al Republican Convention" of Chicago in 1808 ; Presi- 
 dential Elector ; and elected to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee ou 
 Revision of Laws. 
 
 Pendleton, John S, — He was born in Virginia; 
 in 1841 was appointed Charge d'Affaires to the 
 Republic of Chili ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1845 to 1847, and for a second 
 term, ending in 1849. In 1851 he was appointed by 
 President Fillmore Minister Resident to the Argen- 
 tine Confederation, and was authorized to negotiate 
 with Paraguay, etc. Died in Culpepper County, Vir- 
 ginia, November 19, 1868. 
 
 Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene. — Born in 
 
 Savannah, Georgia, in August, 1793 ; removed with 
 his father to New York in his childhood ; was 
 educated at Columbia College ; adopted the ]>rofes- 
 sion of law ; was an Aid to General E. P. Gaines from 
 1813 to 1815 ; removed to Ohio in 1818 ; in 1835 was 
 elected to the Senate of Ohio, and re-elected ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1841 to 1843, after which he voluntarily retired from 
 public life. He was a man of high character and 
 uncommon ability, and died in Cincinnati, June 16, 
 1861. His father, Nathaniel, was an officer in the 
 Revolutionary war, a Judge, and second of General 
 Alexander Hamilton in his duel with Aaron Burr. 
 He was the father of George H. Pendleton. 
 
 Penn, Alexander G.— He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and, having settled in Louisiana, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State, from 
 1851 to 1853. Died suddenly, in Washington, May 
 8, 1866, while on a visit to that city. He once held a 
 position in the Custom-house of New Orleans. 
 
 Penn, JTohn. — Wag born in Philadelphia ; was 
 Govarnor of Pennsylvania from 1763 to 1771, and 
 from 1773 to 1775 ; he continued in the country after 
 his government was ended by the Revolution, and in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 3:^9 
 
 1777, having refused to sign a parole, was confined 
 by the Wliigs at Fredericksburg, Virginia. lie died 
 in Bucks County, Penn., February, 1795. He was a 
 grandson of William Peun, and was called the 
 " American Penn." 
 
 Penn, John. — Born in Caroline County, Vir- 
 ginia, May 17, 1741 ; his early education was defec- 
 tive, but he soon overcame all obstacles, and acquired 
 a knowledge of law ; in 1774 he settled in North 
 Carolina ; and was a Delegate from North Carolina 
 to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1780, and 
 signed the Declaration of Independence, as well as 
 the Articles of Confederation. When Cornwallis in- 
 vaded North Carolina, he was placed in charge of 
 public affairs, and acquited himself with credit ; in 
 1784 he was appointed Receiver of Taxes ; he died 
 October 26, 1809. 
 
 Penn, Richard. — He was born in 1784 ; and 
 while his brother John was Governor of Pennsylva- 
 nia, he was a Member of the Council and naval officer 
 of the State ; he embarked for England in 1775, and 
 having gained the confidence of Congress by his lib- 
 eral course towards the government, he was intrusted 
 with the second petition of Congress to the King ; 
 after his arrival in London he was examined in the 
 House of Lords on the subject of American affairs. 
 He was afterwards a Member of Parliament. Died 
 in England, May 27, 1811. 
 
 Penninian, Ebenezer .Jenckes. — He was 
 
 born in Lausiugburg,New York; when thirteen years 
 of age he was apprenticed to the business of printing, 
 in the office of the New Hampshire Sentinel, at 
 Keene ; when eighteen years of age he purchased his 
 indentures, and entered upou mercantile pursuits in 
 the City of New York ; removed to Michigan in 1835, 
 and was elected a Representative, from that State, to 
 the Thirty-second Congress. 
 
 Pennington, Alexander C. M. — He was 
 
 born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1811 ; a lawyer by 
 profession ; was a Representative iu Congress, from 
 that State, from 1858 to 1857 ; also served two years 
 in the State Legislature ; and subsequently settled in 
 the City of New York, where he died January 25, 
 1867, aged fifty-six years. 
 
 Pennington, I. L.—lle was born in North Car- 
 olina and received a common-school education ; eaHy 
 took an interest in the cause of education and wrote 
 much on the subject ; after serving for many years 
 in various capacities of trust and honor, he emigrated 
 to Dakota, and in 1874 he was appointed Governor of 
 that Territory. 
 
 Pennington, ViUiam. — He was born in New- 
 ark, New Jersey, in 1797 ; received a liberal educa- 
 tion, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1837 he 
 was elected Governor of New Jersey, and annually 
 re-elected until 1843, acting at the same time as 
 Chancellor of the State, ex officio, and taking a prom- 
 inent part in what was known as the " Bro.ad Seal 
 Controversy." By President Taylor he was appointed 
 Governor of Minnesota Territoiy, and by President 
 Fillmore, a Judge to settle land claims in California, 
 — both of which positions he declined to accept. In 
 1858, contrary to his wishes, he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress ; and, after the lapse of two months from 
 taking his seat, he was elected Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives. Died at Newark, New Jersey, 
 February 16, 1863. He had been indisposed, and 
 having taken an overdose of morphine, for some other 
 medicine, died from its effects. 
 
 Pennington, Williatn 5^.— Born in 1775 ; was 
 
 Major of New Jersey Artillery in the Revolutionary 
 war; admitted to the bar in 1803; Member of the Legis- 
 lature of New Jersey ; was appointed Associate Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1804 ; Judge 
 of United States District Court from 1815 to 1826 ; 
 was also Chancellor of the State, and author of New 
 Jersey Court Reports, published frotn 1803 to 1810 ; 
 and 8vo. in 1835. He was Governor of New Jersey 
 from 1813 to 1815, and died at Newark, September 
 17, 1836. His son, William, was a Representative in 
 Congress. 
 
 Pennifbacker, Inaac S, — Bom in 1800, in 
 Shenandoah County, Virginia ; a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; was a Represcnt.itive in Congress, from 1837 
 to 1839 ; and then Judge of the District Court of 
 Western Virginia, and a Senator in Congress for the 
 term from 1845 to 1851. He died iu Washington, 
 District of Columbia, January 13, 1847. 
 
 Penrose, Charles B. — He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and in 1841 he was appointed Solicitor of 
 the Treasury of the United States, remaining in office 
 until 1845. 
 
 Perce, Legrand IF.— He was born in Buffalo, 
 New York, June 19, 1836 ; received a good education ; 
 studied law at the Albany University iu 1856 ; en- 
 tered the volunteer service iu 1861 ; was appointed 
 Second Lieutenant of Michigan volunteers in 1801, 
 and Captain in 1863 ; was brevetted Major at Port 
 Hudson in 1863 ; was appointed Captain of United 
 States volunteers in 1863, and brevetted Colonel in 
 1865 ; settled in Mississippi, and was elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- 
 second, serving on several committees and as Chair- 
 man of that on Education and Labor. 
 
 Perea, Francisco. — Was born in Zadillas, 
 County of Bernalillo, New Mexico, January 9, 1831, 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Delegate, from New 
 Slexico, to the Thirty-eighth Congress. 
 
 Perliam, Sidney. — Was born in Woodstock, 
 Oxford County, Maine. March 37, 1819 ; until his 
 thirty-fourth year he followed the double occujiation 
 of farmer and teacher ; in 1852 he was chosen a 
 member of the Maine Board of Agriculture, which 
 position he held for two years ; in 1855 he was a 
 member of the State Legislature, and officiated as 
 Speaker; in 3856 he was a Presidenti.il Elector; in 
 1858 was elected County Clerk for Oxford County, 
 and re-elected in 1861 ; and in 1863 was elected a 
 Representative, from Maine, to the Tliirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, 
 and Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty -ninth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress. In 1875 he was elected Secretary of the State 
 of Maine. 
 
 Perkins, Bishop, — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire, and, having settled in New York, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress, from that State, from 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Perkins, Elias. — He was born in Norwich, Con- 
 necticut, April 5, 1767 ; graduated at Yale College, in 
 1786; studied law, and, after practicing a few years, 
 relinquished the profession ; was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress, 
 from Connecticut, from 1801 to 1803. He was subse- 
 quently chosen Judge of the Court for the County of 
 New London, which office he held until he bec-ame 
 ineligible from his advanced years ; was Mayor of 
 the City of New London from 1829 to 1832, when he 
 declined a reelection ; and he died in New London, 
 September 27, 1845. 
 
330 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Perhiiis, tTrtred, — He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 tliat State from 1851 to 185o. He also held the posi- 
 tion of State Councilor from 1846 to 184!) ; State 
 Representative in 1850 ; and died at Nashua, October 
 14, 1854. 
 
 Perhins, tToJin, •Jr. — He was born in Louisiana, 
 July 1, 1819. He graduated at Yale College in 1840, 
 and subsequently at the Law School of Harvard Uni- 
 versity ; he settled, for the practice of his profession, 
 in New Orleans, but his health compelled him to 
 travel in Europe : on his return in 1851, he was 
 chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Louisiana, 
 which position he held until elected to Congress in 
 185y, where he advocated Democratic measures, and 
 remained until 1855, serving on the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Per fill, Allffiisfus L. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Ohio from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Pervji, Benjdmin F. — He was Provisional 
 Governor of South Carolina in 1865 and 1866. 
 
 Perry, Eli. — He was born in Washington County, 
 New York, December 25, 1803 ; received a good 
 education ; commenced business as a dealer in pro- 
 visions, and continued it for twenty-five years ; was 
 a banker ; elected alderman and member of the 
 Assembly of the State ; in 1851 was elected Mayor of 
 Albany, which office he held twelve j'ears ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Public Build- 
 ings and Grounds. 
 
 Perrjl, John J, — He was born in Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire, August 2, 1811, but when a child 
 removed with his father. Rev. Daniel Perry, to 
 Oxford, Maine ; he received a common-school educa- 
 tion, and of his own accord spent three years at the 
 " Maine Wesleyan Seminary," jiaying for his tuition 
 by laboring on the farm belonging to the institution, 
 and also by teaching school in the winter. Having 
 spent three years engaged in mercantile pursuits, he 
 turned his attention to the law ; was admitted to the 
 bar at Oxford in 1844, where he has practiced his 
 profession ever since. He was elected to the Maine 
 Legislature in 1839, 1842, and 1843 ; was afterwards 
 for seven years Major-General of the Maine Militia ; 
 in 1846 and 1847, he was elected to the State Senate ; 
 in 18.54 was elected Clerk of the Maine House of 
 Representatives ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1855 to 1857. Of late years he has 
 been connected with the press, as editor of the 
 Oxford Democrat, a paper published at Paris, Maine ; 
 he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Territories. He was also a member of the "Peace 
 Congress " of 1861. 
 
 Pern/, Madison S. — He was Governor of 
 
 Florida from 1857 to 1861. 
 
 Perry, Matthew Calbraith. — Born in New- 
 port, Rhode Island, in 1794 ; was appointed Midship- 
 man in the United States Navy in 1809 ; Lieutenant 
 in 1813 ; Commander in 1826, and Captain in 
 1837. In 181!) he fixed the locality of the first settle- 
 ment of Liberia ; from 1821 to 1824 cruised in the 
 \Vest Indies and captured several pirates ; was in the 
 Mediterranean from 1830 to 1833 ; and on his return 
 took charge of the Brooklyn Navy Y"ard ; then com- 
 manded the African Squadron ; then the Gulf Squad- 
 ron, and co-operated in the Siege of Vera Cruz during 
 the Mexican War. From 1852 to 1854 he commanded 
 the Japan Expedition, and negotiated an important 
 
 treaty with that power in 1854. An account of the 
 expedition was published in 1856 in three large 
 volumes. Died in New Y'ork, March 4, 1858. 
 
 Perry, Neheniiah. — He was born at Ridge- 
 field, Connecticut, March 30, 1816 ; received a good 
 education at the West Lane Seminary ; has been 
 chiefly engaged in the cloth and clothing business ; 
 was for many years the ])residing member of the 
 Common Council of Newark, New Jersey ; served a 
 number of years in the Legislature of that State ; 
 and was elected a Representative from New Jersey 
 to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures 
 on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Perry, B, IT. — He was a citizen of Rhode 
 Island, and while holding the position of Colonel at 
 San Domingo, was empowered in 1869 to negotiate for 
 the cession of that country to the United States, and 
 also to obtain a lease of Samana Bay. 
 
 Perry, Thomas, — He was born in Maryland, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1845 to 1847. He was a Circuit Judge from 
 1851 to 1861, and from 1864 to 1871. Died in Cumber- 
 land, June 87, 1871, aged sixty-three years. 
 
 Perry, Villiuni. — He was appointed in 1790 an 
 Associate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory lying South of the Ohio River. 
 
 Person, Thomas. — Was a Revolutionary Pa- 
 triot of North Carolina ; opposed the Stamp Act, and 
 had his estates destroyed by the Tories. He was a 
 Delegate to the Provincial Assembly from 1774 to 
 1776 ; and to the Convention which framed the State 
 Constitution in 1776 ; was Brigadier General of Mili- 
 tia in 1776 ; and represented Granville County in the 
 State Senate until 1814. For his liberality to the 
 University, a hall was erected at Chapel Hill which 
 bears his name. A county in North Carolina was 
 named for him in 1791. 
 
 Peter, George, — Bom in Georgetown, Mont- 
 gomery County, Maryland (now the District of Col- 
 umbia), September 28, 1779. He was educated at 
 private institutions and at the Georgetowm College ; 
 entered the United States Army in 1799, and resigned 
 in 1809 ; served as a Major of Volunteers during the 
 war of 1812 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 1816 to 1819, and again from 1825 to 1827 ; was elect- 
 ed twice to the State Legislature and also served the 
 public as Commissioner of Public Works for the 
 State of Maryland. Died in Montgomery County, 
 Maryland, June 22, 18G1. 
 
 Peters, •Tohn A. — He was bom in Ellsworth, 
 Hancock County, Maine, October9, 1822 ; graduated at 
 Y'ale College in 1842 ; studied law at the Harvard Law 
 School, and came to the bar at Bangor in 1844 ; in 
 1862 and 1868 he was elected to the Senate of Maine ; 
 in 1864 he was elected to the House of Representa- 
 tives ; at the close of 1864 and also in 1865 and 1866 
 he was elected by the Legislature Attorney-General 
 of the State, and subsequently elected a Represent- 
 ative from Maine to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Pat- 
 ents. Re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses, 
 seiwing as Chairman of the Committee on the Library 
 and on the Judiciary Committee. 
 
 Peters, John S. — He was bom in Coimecticut 
 in 1778 ; received a good education, and was .several 
 years in the State Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor from 1827 to 1831 • and Governor of Connecticut 
 from 1831 to 1833. Died in Hebron, April 1, 1858. 
 
;IOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 331 
 
 PctcfK, John Thompson. — Born in Hebron, 
 Connecticut, October 11, 1765 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1789 ; settled in Hebron to practice law in 
 1786 ; was appointed Collector of Revenue in the 
 First District in 1813 ; and Judge of the Superior 
 Court, May, 1818. Died at Hartford, August 28, 
 1834. 
 
 Peters, Richnrd, — He was born near Philadel- 
 phia, August 23, 1744 ; graduated at Philadelphia 
 College ; was a lawyer by profession, and very suc- 
 cessful in his native State from the fluency \«th 
 which he spoke Qennan. He was remarkable for his 
 wit, and when he accompanied the delegation from 
 Pennsylvania to the Six Nations, the Indians were so 
 delighted mth his vivacity that he was formally 
 adopted by them into their tribes. At the commence- 
 ment of the Revolution he became a Captain of Vol- 
 unteers, but was soon transferred to the Board of 
 War ; with which he was connected until 1781, when 
 he resigned his post, and received from Congress a 
 vote of thanks for his services. He was a Delegate 
 to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783. After 
 the organization of the Federal Government, Wash- 
 ington offered him the position of Comptroller of the 
 Treasury of the United States, which he declined, 
 but accepted that of Judge of the District Court of 
 Pennsylvania, which situation he occupied until his 
 death. Besides his duties on tlie bench, he was 
 chiefly engaged in the pursuits of agriculture and 
 public works ; was first President of the Company 
 who built the permanent bridge over the Schuylkill 
 at Philadelphia. In 1797 he published his experi- 
 ments in agriculture and improvements in American 
 husbandry ; was President of the Philadelphia Agri- 
 cultural Society, and enriched its memoirs with many 
 valuable communications. Died in Philadelphia, 
 August 21, 1828. 
 
 Peti'ie, George, — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 PefriJien, David. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1841. Died January 3, 1849. 
 
 Pettees, John J. — He was Governor of Missis- 
 sippi from 1860 to 1862; was a Brigadier-General in 
 the Confederate service ; and was killed at the battle 
 of Peach Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864. 
 
 Petligrew, Ebeneser. — He vias a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from North Carolina from 1835 to 
 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Ex- 
 penses in the Navy Department. 
 
 Pettis, Spencer.— He was born in Virginia and 
 educated a lawyer, and, on taking up his residence 
 in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress, 
 where he served from 1829 to 1831. Died August 26, 
 1831. aged twenty-nine years, having fallen in a duel 
 with Major Thomas Biddle at St. Louis. 
 
 Pettis, S. Neivton. — Born in Ashtabula County, 
 Ohio, in 1828 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 Pennsylvania, in 1848 ; in 1861 he was appointed by 
 President Lincoln a Justice of the United States 
 Court for Colorado ; before the close of that year he 
 resigned, and returning to Pennsylvania, devoted his 
 whole attention to filling up the Union Army ; and 
 he was subsequently elected a Representative from 
 that State to the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired 
 term of D. A. Finney, serving on the Committee on 
 Elections. 
 
 Pettit, Charles, — He was a Revolutionary pa- 
 triot ; was a successful lawyer, and was Secretary of 
 
 
 New Jersey under Governor Franklin, and continued 
 in that otiice under Governor Livingston, until called 
 by General Greene to the post of Assistant Quarter- 
 Master-General ; and at the resignation of General 
 Greene, was offered the position of Quarter-Master- 
 General, which he declined. After the peace he be- 
 came a merchant in Philadelphia ; was a member of 
 the Legislature, and author of the funding system ; 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 178.5 to 1787 ; and an advocate for the adoption of the 
 Federal Constitution in the General Convention at 
 Harrisburg. He died in Philadelphia, September 4, 
 1806, aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Pettit, t/o/in.— Born at Sackett's Harbor, Jeffer- 
 son County, New York, July 24, 1807 ; he received a 
 good education, and studied law, and removed to La- 
 fayette, Indiana, in 1831, where he has since resided. 
 He was a member of the State Legislature, United 
 States District Attorney, and served in the House of 
 Representatives in Congress, from 1843 to 1847, and 
 in the United States Senate from 1853 to 1855. In 
 18.50 he was a member of the " State Constitutional 
 Convention," and has twice held the office of Circuit 
 Judge ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and in 
 18.59 he was appointed by President Buchanan Chief 
 Justice of the Federal Courts of Kansas. He was 
 also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864. 
 
 Pettit, John U, — He was born in New York ; 
 graduated at Union College in 1839; studied law, and 
 commenced the practice of his profession in Wabash, 
 Indiana, in 1841. He went as United States Consul 
 to Maranham, Brazil, in 1850; and (m his return, in 
 1853, was appointed Judge of the Upper Wabash 
 Circuit Court of Indiana; and was elected to Con- 
 gress as a Representative of that State in 1854 ; and 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was 
 a member of the Joint Committee on the Library. 
 He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing as Chairman of the Library Committee. 
 
 Pettit, Thomas McKean, — Was a Judge 
 from 1797 to 1853; a member of the Pennsylvania 
 Legislature in 1830 ; A.ssociate Judge of District Court 
 from 1832 to 1835 ; and President Judge from 1835 to 
 1845. He was the author of a discourse before the 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania in 1828; and be- 
 fore the Philomath Society of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1836 ; and " Memoirs of Robert Vaux." 
 In 18.53 he was appointed Superintendent of the Phil- 
 adelphia Mint, but only held the office a few months. 
 
 J?" J/ 
 
 Peyton, BaWie, — He was born in Sumner 
 County, Tennessee ; received a liberal education, and 
 adopted the profession of law ; he was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837; 
 he was appointed by President Fillraor a ^ ^n 1849, 
 Minister to Chili ; was subsequently elected United 
 Stiitpa Diitrift AHinnry fttr—fimrifiinnnfc was for a 
 time settled at San Francisco, California, in the prac- 
 tice of his profession, but returned to his native 
 State. In 1861 he was a Presidential Elector for the 
 State of Tennessee, - n n d Bubnoqu.oi rtly-Bwved~iq^tl>e 
 -Rebellion, /r c~^ ^-j^ t-rj ,-, . .i^i( c^- /t i/j 
 iCaV ,x -v-'... ,,Y\t,w ;,„,/..(• '."-}' ;:ui.^-^ ' 
 
 Pet/ton,' Joseph IT, — Bom in Sumner County, 
 Tennessee, in 1813 ; was frequently elected to the 
 Senate of Tennessee ; held many other local positions 
 of high character ; and was a Representative in Con 
 gress from 1843 to 1845. He received a medical edu- 
 cation, but abandoned that profession for politics. 
 Died in Sumner County, Tennessee, November 12, 
 1845, having been re-elected to Congress. 
 
 Pet/ton, Samuel O. — Born in Bullitt County. 
 Kentucky, in 1804 ; received a good common-school 
 education ; settled in Hartford and devoted two years 
 
 ^^'^ 
 
 :'J^ 
 
 '^U 
 
 ^ <^^^ '- 
 
332 
 
 BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 to the duties of a clerk ; studied medicine, and gradu- 
 ated at Transylvania University in 1827 ; in 1835 Ue 
 was elected to tbe State Legislature ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 
 1849 ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and 
 Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving during his last term 
 as a member of the Committee on Public Buildings 
 and Grounds. Died in Hartford, Kentucky, in Jan- 
 uary, 1870. 
 
 PheTjys, Charles E, — He was born in Guilford, 
 Vermont, May 1, 1833 ; removed with his parents to 
 Penn.sylvania in 1838, and to Maryland in 1841 ; grad- 
 uated at Princeton College in 1853. and at the Law 
 School of Harvard University in 1853 ; studied law, 
 and came to the Mar3'land bar in 1855 ; in 1858 he was 
 elected a member of the American Association for the 
 Advancement of Science ; and admitted to practice 
 in the United States Supreme Court in 1859. During 
 that year he assisted in organizing the " Maryland 
 Guard" for municipal purposes, was chosen Captain, 
 afterwards Major, which latter commission he re- 
 signed April 19. 1861, rather than obey an order that 
 he deemed treasonable. In 1860 he was a member of 
 the City Council of Baltimore. In 1863 he was made 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Maryland Volun- 
 teers, promoted to the Rank of Colonel in 1863, and 
 honorably discharged on account of wounds in 1864, 
 and was soon afterwards elected a Representative 
 from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on the Militia, and on Naval 
 Affairs. He was subsequently commissioned a Brig- 
 adier-General for gallant conduct at the battle of 
 Spottsylvania. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Appropriations and 
 Expenses in the War Department. In 1864 he was 
 one of a Commission to revise the Militia Laws of 
 Maryland ; and was a member of the National Com- 
 mittee appointed to conduct the remains of President 
 Lincoln to Illinois. 
 
 Phelps, Darwin. — He was bom in East Qranby, 
 Hartford County, Connecticut ; when quite young, he 
 became an orphan, and went to reside with his grand- 
 parents in Portage County, Ohio ; received a good 
 education at the Western University, and after study- 
 ing law in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, with his kins- 
 man, Walter Forward, settled in Armstrong County 
 in 1835 ; devoting himself to the practice of his pro- 
 fession. In 1855 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; he was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention 
 of 1860 ; and in 1868, he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and 
 Public Buildings. 
 
 Phelps, Elisha. — He was a native of Simsbury, 
 Connecticut ; born in November, 1779 ; graduated at 
 Tale College in 1800, and studied law at Litchfield. 
 He was several times a member of the House of Rep- 
 resentatives and of the Senate of his native State. 
 He was Speaker of the House of Representatives in 
 the Legislature in 1831 and 1839 ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Connecticut from 1819 to 1831, 
 and also from 1835 to 1839 ; was Comptroller of the 
 State from 18.30 to 1834, and in 1835 was appointed 
 one of the Commissioners to revise the statutes of 
 Connecticut. He died at Simsbury, in April, 1847. 
 
 Phelps, James. — Born at Colebrook, Connecti- 
 cut, January 13, 1833; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1845 ; was several times a member of 
 the Connecticut Legislature ; was elected by the Gen- 
 eral Assembly one of the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court for the Constitutional terra of eight years ; re- 
 elected in 1871, and in 1873 was elected a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Errors, which office he held 
 ■when elected a Representative from Connecticut to 
 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. He was the son of 
 Launcelot Phelps. 
 
 P/ielns, John Smith. — He was bom in Sims- 
 bury, Hartford County, Connecticut, December 33, 
 1814 ; was educated at Washington (now Trinity) Col 
 lege, Hartford, Connecticut, and studied law in the 
 office of his father, Elisha Phelps. He practiced law 
 a short time in his native State, and in 1837 emigra- 
 ted to Missouri, and settled at Springfield, Greene 
 County, near which town he now resides. In 1840 
 he was chosen by the people of Greene County to 
 rej^resent them in the Legislature ; and having been 
 appointed Brigade-Inspector of Militia in 1841, he 
 has since borne the title of Major. In 1844 he was 
 elected Representative to the Twenty-ninth Congress, 
 serving in that position until the close of the Thirty, 
 sixth Congress, and was a member of the Select Com- 
 mittee of Thirty three on the Rebellious States. He 
 was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 He served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, and in 
 1863 was appointed by President Lincoln Military 
 Governor of Arkansas. He was, during the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, Chairman of the Committee on Ways 
 and Means, and generally served on important com- 
 mittees. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention" of 1866, and in 1867 
 was appointed a Commissioner to settle the War 
 Claims of Indiana. 
 
 Phelps, Launcelot, — ^He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1835 to 1839. 
 
 Phelps, Oliver. — Born in Windsor, Connecticut, 
 in 1749 ; received a mercantile education at Sufiield, 
 Connecticut ; engaged in business at Granville, Massa- 
 chusetts ; and during the Revolution was in the Com- 
 missary Department of that State. In 1788, he pur- 
 chased, with Nathaniel Oorham, of the State of 
 Massachusetts, a tract of two million two hundred 
 thousand acres of land, in the Genesee Country, 
 New York, now the Counties of Steuben and Ontario. 
 He opened the first land office in America, at Canan- 
 daigua, and his system became the model for all sub- 
 sequent surveys. In 1795, he was one of the pur- 
 chasers of the Western Reserve, in Ohio; comprising 
 three million three hundred thousand acres. He 
 afterwards removed to Canandaigua, and represented 
 that district in Congress from 1803 to 1805 ; and was 
 a Judge of the Circuit Court. His principal associate 
 in the Western Reserve purchase, was one William 
 Hart. He had a son who was a member of the N^w 
 York Legislature from Ontario County in 1834, and 
 as a man of enterprise, his reputation was very 
 exten.sive. He died in Canandaigua, February 31, 
 1809. 
 
 Phelps, Samuel S. — He was born in Litchfield, 
 Connecticut, May 13, 1793, and died March 35, 1855 ; 
 in Middlebury, Averment. He graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1811, and while studying law in 1813, he en- 
 tered the American army, and bi'fore the close of his 
 military career was appointed Paymaster. He settled 
 in Middlebury, and practiced law. In 1837 he was a 
 member of the Council of Censors, and wrote the ad- 
 dress issued by that body. In 1831 he was chosen a 
 member of the Legislative Council of Vermont, and 
 was soon afterwards appointed Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, in which position he remained 
 until 1838. He was a Senator in ('ongress from 1839 to 
 1851, in which body he displayed abilities of a high 
 order. In January, 18.53, he was appointed to the 
 Senate in*the place of William Upham, deceased, and 
 served until October, 1854. 
 
 Phelps, Timothy G. — He was born in New 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 333 
 
 York, and, removing to California, was elected a 
 Representative from tliat State to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress. 
 
 Phelps, William Walter, — He was born in 
 New Yorli, August 24, 1839 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 18G0 ; pursued his studies in Europe, and later 
 at Columbia College, New York ; entered upon the 
 practice of law ; was a Director of the National City, 
 and Second National Banks of New York, the United 
 States Trust, and Farmers' Loan and Trust Com- 
 panies ; also in various Railroad Companies ; he was 
 made Fellow of Yale College in 1873, and elected to 
 the Forty-third Congress. 
 
 PheljiS, William TT".— Hewas born in Oakland 
 County, Michigan, June 1, 1820 : he graduated at the 
 University of Michigan in 1846 ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; and edited a Demo- 
 cratic newspaper, in Oakland County, from 1851 to 
 1855. In 1852 and 1853 lie held tlie office of Commis- 
 sioner for his native county, performing the duties of 
 Judge at Chambers; in 18.54 hewas appointed by 
 President Pierce, Register of the United States Laud 
 OiBce at Red Wing, in Minnesota ; and in 1857 he 
 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress from that State, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Mileage. In 18(i0 he assumed the editor- 
 ship of the Bed Wing Sentinel. 
 
 Philips, John Finis,— Bom in Boone County, 
 Missouri, December 31, 1834; was educated at the 
 State University of Missouri and Centre College in 
 Kentucky, graduating at the latter institution in 1855 ; 
 studied law, and began to practice in Georgetown, 
 Missouri, in 1857; was a member of the State Con- 
 vention in 1860 to determine the relations of the 
 State and Federal Government ; served the Govern- 
 ment as Colonel of a Regiment of Cavalry through- 
 out the whole civil war; a part of the time was 
 Brigixdier Commander, and was promoted to Briga- 
 dier-General in 1864 by the Governor, but refused 
 confirmation by the State Senate on political grounds ; 
 at the close of the war resumed the practice of law ; 
 in 1868 he was a Delegate to the National Conven- 
 tion at New York, and on his return home was nomi- 
 nated for Congress, but was defeated through mob 
 violence ; in 1874 was elected a Representative from 
 Missouri to the Forty-Fourth Congress. 
 
 Phillips, Henry ilf,— He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Finance. 
 
 Phillips, John. — Born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
 November 26, 1770 ; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1788 ; studied law, and at an early age was ap- 
 pointed Attorney for Suffolk County ; during the last 
 twenty years of his life he was a member of the State 
 Senate, and from 1813 to 1823 President of that body; 
 in 180y he was made Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas ; and a member of the State Constitutional Con- 
 vention in 1820 ; he was the first Mayor of Boston, 
 serving from 1823 to 1823. Died at Boston, May 29, 
 1823. 
 
 Phillips, John. — He was born in Chester 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1823. 
 
 Phillips, Philip. — He was born in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, December 13, 1807, and was educated 
 at the Norwich Military Academy, in Vermont, and 
 at Middletown, Connecticut. In 1835 he cvnnienced 
 the study of law in Charleston, and on the day after 
 attaining his majority was admitted to the bar. He 
 entered public life by becoming a member of the 
 
 "Nullification Convention" in 1832, and voted with 
 the minority ; in 1834 he was elected, for two years, 
 to the State Legislature ; in 1835 he resigned ; re- 
 moved to Mobile, Alabama, and practiced his profes- 
 sion with success ; in 1837 he was elected President 
 of the Alabama " Democratic State Convention ; " in 
 1844 was elected to the Legislature, and was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Federal Relations ; in 1849 
 was President of an " Internal Improvement Conven- 
 tion ; " in 1851 was again elected to the Legislature ; 
 in 1852 went to the "Baltimore Convention;" and 
 was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, 
 from 1853 to 1855, and declined a re-election. Since 
 that time he has practiced his profession in Wash- 
 ington City. 
 
 Phillips, Stephen Clarendon. — He was born 
 in Salem. Massachusetts, November t, 1801 ; gradu- 
 ated at Harvard University in 1819. with high lienors ; 
 began to study law, but soon became a merchant. 
 From 1824 to 1829, by annual re-elections, he was 
 chosen a Representative to the State Legislature from 
 Salem ; from 1830 to 1831 he was State Senator, and 
 in 1833 and 1833 was again a member of the House. 
 From 1834 to 1838 he worthily represented Massacliu- 
 setts in Congress. From December, 1838, to March, 
 1842, he was Mayor of Salem, and upon his voluntary 
 retirement devoted the whole of his salary as Mayor 
 to the public schools of the city. In 1840 he was one 
 of the Presidential Electors for Massachusetts, and 
 in 1848 and 1849 was the Free-soil Candidate for Gov- 
 ernor. He held various State and private trusts, in 
 the discharge of which, by his ability, sagacity, ex- 
 perience, and integrity, he rendered signal service. 
 Ho was for many years member of the State Board 
 of Education, and a Trustee of the State Lunatic 
 Hospital at Worcester. He retired from public life 
 in 1849, and was extensively engaged in the lumber- 
 ing business. He was lost by tlie burning of the 
 steamer Montreal, on the St. Lawrence River, June 
 30, 1857, wliile returning from Quebec, whither he 
 had been on business to Three Rivers, the head-quar- 
 ters of his operations in Canada. 
 
 Pliillips, William. A. — He was born in Paisley, 
 Scotland, January 14,1820 ; came to the United States 
 in 1838 ; practiced law and edited a newspaper until 
 1855 ; went to Kansas as a writer for the New York 
 Tribune; entered the army as Major in 1861 ; com- 
 manded an Indian regiment during the war in the 
 West ; was a member of the State Legislature of 
 Kansas ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress 
 and re-elected to the Forty-fourtli, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Lands. 
 
 Pliillips, William F. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was appointed from that State in 1853, the 
 Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in office 
 
 until 1857. 
 
 Philson, Robert, — He was born in Donegal, 
 Ireland, and was a Representative iu Congress, from 
 Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1821. 
 
 PlKXnix, J. Phillips. — He was born in Morris- 
 town, New Jersey ; was for many years a leading 
 merchant in New York City ; served several years in 
 the Councils of the city ; was a Representative in 
 Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845; a 
 member of the State Assembly in 1848, from New 
 York City; and again in Congress, from 1849 to 1851, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. 
 In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. Died 
 suddenly in New York, May 4, 1859, at an anvanced 
 age. 
 
 Pickens, Andreiv J. — He was born at Paxton, 
 Pennsylvania, September 19, 1739, and removed with 
 
334 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 his father, in 1753, to the Waxsaw Settlement, in 
 South Carolina ; he served as a volunteer in Grant's 
 expedition against the C'herokees, and was an active 
 military partisan during the Revolution. He was a 
 member of the State Legislature from the close of 
 the war until 1793, when he was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. In 1795 he 
 was commissioned Major-General of (he South Caro- 
 lina Militia, and was frequently a Commissioner to 
 treat with the Indians. It was his son, and not him- 
 self, who was Governor of the State, from 1816 to 
 1817. He died in Pendleton District, South Carolina, 
 August 17, 1817. 
 
 Pickens, Francis TF.— Born at Togadoo, St. 
 Paul's Parish, South Carolina, April 7, 1807 ; educated 
 at South Carolina College ; admitted to the bar in 1829, 
 and begnn to practice in Edgefield District; in 1833 
 he was a member of the Legislature, and took part in 
 the Nullification excitement. He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1835 to 1845 ; and in 183G made 
 a speech opposing the right of Congress to abolish 
 slavery in the District of Columbia. In 18-14 he was 
 elected to the State Senate ; was a member of the 
 Nashville Southern Convention in 1850 and 1851 ; 
 presided over the State Convention in 1854 ; was a 
 delegate to the Convention at Cincinnati in 1856 ; was 
 Minister to Russia from 1857 to 1860 ; and when 
 South Carolina seceded from the L^nion he was chosen 
 Governor of the State. He demanded the surrender 
 of Fort Sumter by General Anderson, and took an 
 active part in the Rebellion. He was a planter, and 
 gave much attention to scientific agriculture. He 
 died at Edgefield. January 25, 1869. 
 
 Pickens, Israel. — Born in Cabarus County, 
 North Carolina ; served one year in the State Legis- 
 lature ; was a Representative from that State in 
 Congress, from 1811 to 1817, in which year he was 
 appointed Register of the Land Office of Mississippi 
 Territory ; on removing to Alabama, he was elected 
 Governor of that State in 1821 , and in 1836 was a 
 Senator in Congress from Alabama. 
 
 Pickeririff, John. — Born at Newington, New 
 Hampshire, September 22, 1787 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1761 ; was a lawyer and jurist ; a 
 member of the Convention which framed the Constitu- 
 tion of New Hampshire : in 1787 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Convention which framed the Federal Con- 
 stitution, but declined ; he was a Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of New Hampshire from 1790 to 1795 ;and 
 was at one time Chief Justice ; he was subsequently 
 Judge of the United States District Court for New 
 Hamp.shire ; but his reason became impaired and he 
 was removed from office in 1804. He died at Ports- 
 mouth, April 11, 1805. 
 
 Pickering, Timothy. — Was born in Salem, 
 Massachusetts, July 17, 174.5 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1763, and, after the usual course of pro- 
 fessional studies, was admitted to the practice of 
 law. When the dissensions between the mother 
 country and our own commenced, he soon became the 
 champion and leader of the Whigs of the quarter 
 where he lived. He was a member of the Committees 
 of Inspection and Correspondence, and bore the en- 
 tire burden of writing. The addresses which, in 
 1774, the inhabitants of Salem, in full town meeting, 
 voted to Governor Gage, on the occasion of the Bos- 
 ton Port Bill, proceeded from his pen. A part of 
 it, disclaiming any wish on the part of the inhabi- 
 tants of Salem to profit by the closing of the port of 
 Boston, is quoted by Dr. Ramsay, in liis history of 
 the American Revolution. In April, 1775, on receiv- 
 ing intelligence of the battle of Lexington, he 
 marched with a regiment of which he was at the 
 time commander, to Charlestown, but had not an op- 
 
 portunity of coming to action. Before the close of 
 the same year, when the provisional government was 
 organizing, he was appointed one of the Judges of 
 the Court of Common Pleas for Essex, his native 
 county ; and sole Judge of the Maritime Court for the 
 Middle District, comprehending Boston, Salem, and 
 the other ports in Essex. The^e offices lie held until 
 he accepted an appointment in the army. In 1777 he 
 was named Adjutant General, by Washington, and 
 joined the army, then at Middlebrook, New Jer.scy. 
 He continued with the Commander-in-Chief until the 
 American forces went into winter quarters at Valley 
 Forge, having been present at the battles of Brandy- 
 wine and Germantown. He then proceeded to dis- 
 charge the duties of a member of the Continental 
 Board of War, to which he had been elected by Con- 
 gress. In this station he remained until he was ap- 
 pointed to succeed General Greene in the office of 
 Quartermaster-General, which he retained during the 
 residue of the war, and in which he contributed much 
 to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. From 
 1790 to 1794 he was charged by President Washing- 
 ton, with several negotiations with the Indian nations 
 on our frontiers. In 1791 he was also made Postmas- 
 ter-General ; and in 1794 removed from that station 
 to the Secretaryship of War, on the resignation of 
 General Knox. In 1795 he was appointed Secretary 
 of State in the place of Edmund Randolph. From 
 that office he was removed by President Adams, in 
 1800. At the end of the year 1801 he returned to 
 Massachusetts. In 1803 the Legislature of that State 
 chose him a Senator to Congress, for the residue of 
 the term of Dwight Foster, who liad resigned ; and 
 in 1805 re-elected him to the same station for the term 
 of six years. After its expiration in 1811, he was 
 chosen by the Legislature a member of the Execu- 
 tive Council, and during the war of 1812 he was ap- 
 pointed a member of the Board of War for the de- 
 fense of the State. In 1814 he was returned to Con- 
 gress, and held his seat until March, 1817. He then 
 finally retired to private life. His death took place 
 January 29, 1839. In public life he was distinguished 
 for energy, ability, and disinterestedness ; as a soldier 
 he was brave and patriotic ; and his writings bear am- 
 ple testimony to his talents and information. He was 
 one of the leaders of the Federal party of the United 
 States. In 1867 his life was published by his son 
 Octavius. 
 
 Pickering, VrHliam. — He was bom in Eng- 
 land ; emigrated to Illinois ; and in 1861 he was ap- 
 pointed from that State Governor of the Territory" of 
 Washington, residing at Olympia, serving in office 
 until 1867. 
 
 Pickett, James C. — Was born in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, February 6, 1793 ; removed with 
 his parents to Mason County, Kentucky, in 1796 ; re- 
 ceived a superior education ; and was fitted for public 
 service at an early age ; in the war of 1813 he was an 
 officer in the United States Artillery ; served also in 
 the army from 1818 to 1831 ; resigned, and returned 
 to Mason County, where he commenced the practice 
 of law ; was editor of the Maysville Eagle in 1815 ; was 
 a member of the Legislature in 1823 ; Secretary of the 
 State from 1825 to 1828; was Secretary of Legation to 
 Colombia from 1839 to 1833 ; a portion of that time 
 acting as Charge d'Affaires ; was Commissioner of the 
 United States Patent Office in 1835 ; Fourth Auditor 
 of the Treasury from 1835 to 1838 ; Minister to Ecua- 
 dor in 1838; Charge d'Affaires to Peru from 1838 to 
 1845 ; and was for a few years editor of the Cungres- 
 sional Globe, at Washington ; in which city he died 
 July 10, 1872. 
 
 Pickett, John C — He was born in Virginia, and 
 in 1836 he was appointed Fourth Auditor of the 
 Treasury, remaining in office until 1838. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 335 
 
 Pichman, Bettjatnin. — ^He was born in 1763 ; 
 graduated at Cambridge in 1784 ; visited Europe, and 
 on bis return studied law, and tliougli admitted to 
 the bar, abandoned that profession, devoting himself 
 to mercantile pursuits. In 1800 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, and re-elected a number of years to 
 the State Senate ; in 1807 he became a member of the 
 Executive Council ; was a Kepresentative in Congress 
 from 1809 to 1811, and in 18-0 was a member of the 
 Convention for revising the State Constitution. He 
 also held many other offices of trust and honor, and 
 died at Salem, Massachusetts, in August, 1843. 
 
 Pierce, Benjamin. — Born at Chelmsford, Mas- 
 sachusetts, December 35, 1757 ; his early years were 
 spent on a farm ; joined the Revolutionary army after 
 the battle of Lexington, and remained in it through 
 the war ; he was at Bunker Hill, and Bemis 
 Heights ; and served as Ensign, Lieutenant, and Brig- 
 adier-General. From 1789 to 1802 was a member of 
 the General Council ; Chancellor from 1803 to 1809, 
 and again from 1814 to 1818 ; was High Sheriff from 
 1809 to 1814, and again from 1818 to 1823 ; was Gov- 
 ernor from 1827 to 1829. Died at Hillsborough, New 
 Hampshire, April 1, 1839. He was the father of 
 Franklin Pierce, United States President. 
 
 Pierce, Benjamin. — Bom in Salem, Massachu- 
 setts, April 4, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard University 
 in 1829 ; after teaching school in Northampton, he 
 was apjjointed tutor in mathematics at Cambridge in 
 1831 ; Professor of Mathematics and natural philoso- 
 phy in 1833 ; and was Perkin's Professor of Astrono- 
 my from 1S42 to 1847 ; and also Consulting Astrono- 
 mer to " The American Ephemeris and Nautical 
 Almanac " since its establishment in 1849. was a mem- 
 ber of the Royal Society of London, from 1852 ; Presi- 
 dent of the American Institution for the advancement 
 of Science in 1853 ; and one of the Council which es- 
 tablished Dudley Observatory in 1855; Superintendent 
 of the United States Coast Survey 1807 to 1874. He 
 was a contributor to several scientific journals ; pub- 
 lished several valuable text-books from 1836 to 1846 ; 
 " Treatise on Analytic Mechanics ; " " Associative Al- 
 gebra ; " " Tlieory of the Tails of Comets ; " methods 
 of investigating terrestrial longitudes in the " Report 
 of the Superintendent of Coast Survey;" also 
 " Criterion for the Rejection of Doubtful Observa- 
 tions." He discovered and announced the fluidity of 
 Saturn's rings in 1851 ; and prepared a volume of lu- 
 nar tables for the Nautical Almanac. Received the 
 degree of LL.D. from the University of North Caro- 
 lina in 1847. 
 
 Pierce, Cfiarfes JF. — He was born in New 
 York in 1823 ; was a Lieutenant in the Illinois Volun- 
 teers soon after the commencement of the Rebellion ; 
 settled in Alabama in 1867 ; and in 1868, was elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on the Interior De- 
 partment. 
 
 Pierce, Franlil in. — Was bom in the town of 
 Hillsborough, New Hampshire, in 1804, and after 
 completing his academical studies, entered Bowdoin 
 College, Maine. On leaving college he commenced 
 his legal studies at Northampton, Massachusetts, but 
 subsequently returned to his native State, aud fin- 
 ished his studies at Amherst. He was admitted to 
 the bar, and commenced the practice of his profes- 
 .sion in his native to^vn ; but before the end of two 
 years he was elected a Representative in the State 
 Legislature, and during his second year's service was 
 chosen Speaker of the House. In 1833 he was elected 
 to Congress, and remained a member of the House of 
 . Repre'ientatives four years. In 1837 he was elected 
 a member of the United States Senate, but, after five 
 years' service in that body, resigned his seat. He 
 
 settled in Concord, and resumed his practice at the 
 bar. He adhered to his resolution of accepting no 
 political oflBce, declining to be a candidate for Gov- 
 ernor of the State, or United States Senator, and re- 
 fusing the offices of Attorney-General and Secretary 
 of War, which were tendered him by President Polk. 
 On the breaking out of the Mexican war, however, he 
 enrolled himself as a private soldier in the New Eng- 
 land Regiment, but President Polk sent him a Colo- 
 nel's commission, and subsequently raised him to the 
 rank of Brigadier-General, in March, 1847. He was 
 in most of the battles which were fought between 
 Vera Cruz and the City of Mexico. On the restora- 
 tion of peace between the two countries, he resigned 
 his commission and returned home, where he re- 
 mained, comparatively unobserved, until the action 
 of the Baltimore " Democratic Convention" gave him 
 a new importance throughout the Union. He was 
 nominated by that body as the Democratic candidate 
 for the Presidency. He was elected President of the 
 United States in November, 1853 ; was inaugurated 
 March 4, 1853, and served to the end of his term, af- 
 ter which he retired to private life. The best bi- 
 ography of him was written by his personal friend, 
 Nathaniel Hawthorne. Died at Concord, New Hamp- 
 shire, October 8, 1869. 
 
 Pierce, Henry Lillie. — He was born in Stough- 
 ton, Massachusetts, August 33, 1825 ; received a 
 thorough English education ; was a manufacturer ; a 
 member of the State House of Representatives in 
 1860, 1861, 1862, and 1866 ; an aldemian of the city 
 of Boston in 1870 and 1871 ; Mayor in 1873 and was 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill a vacancy, 
 and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Levees, 
 
 Pierce, Josepli. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire during the years 1801 
 and 1803. 
 
 Pierce, William. — He served in the Revolu- 
 tionary War as an Aid-de-camp to General Greene, 
 and for his services a sword was presented to him by 
 the old Congress ; he was a Delegate from Georgia 
 to the Continental Congress, and a member of the 
 Convention which formed the Federal Constitution. 
 While in Congress, he wrote his impressions of the 
 men who served in that body, which were long after- 
 wards published in a Savannah paper, copies of which 
 are to be found in the library of Peter Force, of Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Pierponf, Francis IT. — He was a native of 
 Virginia, and Governor of the State from 1864 to 
 1868. 
 
 Pierrej)ont, Edwardx. — Bom in North Haven, 
 Connecticut, March 4, 1817 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1837, and at New Haven Law School ; prac- 
 ticed law in Columbus, Ohio, from 1840 to 1845, and 
 subsequently in New York City, where he became 
 eminent in his profession. He was Judge of the New 
 York Supreme Court from 1857 to 1860 ; in 1862 he 
 was made a member of the Military Commission for 
 the trial of prisoners of State ; was a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; United States 
 Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 
 1869 to July, 1870 ; was a Democrat in 1801, but be- 
 came a Republican, and supported the re-election of 
 Mr. Lincoln ; also aided in the election of General 
 Grant ; and was appointed by him Attorney-General 
 of the United States, May 15, 1875. He was one of 
 the prosecuting counsel in the trial of Surratt ; did 
 much by his pen to expose the corruptions of the 
 Government ; was an active member of the " Com- 
 mittee of Seventy ; " and was for several years ideu 
 tified witli the Texrs ond Pacific Railroad. 
 
336 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Pier.ton, Isaac, — He was born August 15, 1770, 
 and died September 32, 1833, in New Jersey. He was 
 educated at Princeton College, graduating in 1789, 
 and was subsequently a fellow of the College of Sur- 
 geons and Physicians of New York. He practiced 
 medicine for forty years ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Jersey from 1837 to 1831. 
 
 Piet-son, JTevemiah H. — He was born in Essex 
 County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Pierson, J oh, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1831 to 1835. Died April 
 9, 1860, aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Pierson, Thomas B, — He was bom in New 
 
 Jersey in 1800 ; educated for the law ; devoted much 
 attention to local politics ; and was twice appointed a 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Essex Coun- 
 ty. Died at Newark, August 4, 1866. 
 
 Pihe, Ausfin F,—Be was born October 16, 1819 ; 
 received a good education ; studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1845 ; was a member of the New 
 Hampshire House of Representatives in 1850. 1851, 
 1853, 1865, and 1866, and Speaker during the last 
 two years ; was a member of the New Hampshire 
 Senate in 1857 and 1858, and President one year ; 
 was chairman of the Republican State Committee in 
 1858 and 1859 ; Delegate to the Philadelphia Con- 
 vention in 1856, and was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expen- 
 ditures. 
 
 Pike, Frederick A. — Born in Calais, Maine, 
 where he always resided ; was for several years a 
 member of the Maine Legislature, serving one tenn 
 as Speaker of the House of Repre,sentatives. He 
 adopted the profession of law, and was for several 
 years Attorney for the county in which he lived. He 
 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thir- 
 ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ex- 
 penditures in the State Department, and a member of 
 the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on his old Committees, 
 and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenses in 
 the State Department. He was also a member of the 
 National Committee appointed to accompany the re- 
 mains of President Lincoln to Illinois, and Chairman 
 of the Special Committee on the Murders in South 
 Carolina. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Reconstruction, as well as on 
 his old Committees. 
 
 Pike, James. — He was born in Salisbury, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in November, 1818 ; was educated at the 
 Wesleyan University, in Connecticut ; was a minister 
 in the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1841 to 1854 ; 
 and was elected a Representative from New Hamp- 
 shire in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, and was a member of the Committee on En- 
 rolled Bills. 
 
 Pike, James S. — He was a citizen of Maine, and 
 in 1801 was appointed Minister Resident to Mexico, 
 where he remained until 1866. 
 
 Pike, Zebnlon 3Iontgomerii, — Was bom in 
 
 Lamberton, New Jersey, January 5, 1779 ; in 1799 
 was appointed Cadet in the regiment of his father 
 (who was an officer in the United States Army) ; First 
 Lieutenant in the same j-ear ; Captain in 1806 ; his 
 skill in mathematics and the languages, gained him 
 an appointment to conduct an expedition to trace the 
 head sources of the Mississippi, after the purchase of 
 
 Louisiana. He performed this service satisfactorily, 
 and in 1806 was engaged in the geographical explora- 
 tions of Louisiana, during which, being on Spanish 
 Territory, he, vnih. his party, was taken to Santa Fe, 
 and after a seizure of his papers and a long examina- 
 tion, he was escorted home, and arrived in Natchi- 
 toches, July 1, 1807 ; he received the thanks ol the 
 Government, and was made Major of the Sixth In- 
 fantry in 1808 ; Lieutenant-Colonel of Fourth Infan- 
 try in 1809 ; deputy Quartermaster-General in 1813 ; 
 Colonel of Fifteenth Infantry in 1813 ; Brigadier- 
 General in 1813 ; and was assigned to the principal 
 Army as Adjutant and Inspector-General, and was 
 selected to command an expedition against York, the 
 capital of Upper Canada. Landing under a heavy 
 fire, he charged the enemy in person and put them 
 to flight, carried one battery by assault, and was mov- 
 ing to attack the main works, when the explosion of 
 the British magazine mortally wounded him. He 
 died near Toronto, April 27, 1813. 
 
 Pile. Williarn A, — He was bom near Indianap- 
 olis, Indiana, February 11, 1829 ; received a good 
 English and classical education ; was a clergyman of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a member of 
 the Missouri Conference at the commencement of the 
 Rebellion. In 1861 he joined the Missouri Volun- 
 teers as Chaplain. In 1863 he had command of a 
 battery of Artillery as Captain ; was soon afterwards 
 promoted to the rank of Colonel of Infantry, and in 
 1863 he was appointed a Brigadier-General of United 
 States Volunteers. He was in the Missouri campaign 
 under General Lyon ; with Generals Grant and Hal- 
 leck at Corinth ; also at Vicksburg and near Mobile, 
 and his command was the first to break the enemy's 
 line at the capture of Fort Blakely. In 1866 he was 
 elected a Representative from Missouri to the For- 
 tieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Union 
 Prisoners and Military Affairs, and as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Expenditures in the Post-Office 
 Department. In 1869 he was appointed Governor of 
 New Mexico ; and in 1871 he was appointed Minister 
 Resident to Venezuela. 
 
 Pilshiirt/, Tim of III/, — He was bom in New- 
 bury, Massachusetts, April 13, 1789 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; spent two years as a clerk in 
 a store, and several subsequent years as a sailor and 
 coasting trader, making one trip to Europe as captain 
 of a brig ; settled in Maine, was appointed a member 
 of the Executive Council ; also served in the State 
 Legislature ; went from Maine to Ohio, thence to 
 Louisiana, and finally to Texas ; he served a number 
 of years in the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of Texas ; and, when that Republic came into the 
 Union, he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from 1846 to 1849. He died near Danville, Texas, 
 November 23, 1858. 
 
 Pinckney, Charles, — Bom in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, in 1758 ; was a patriot in the Revolutionary 
 struggle ; was taken prisoner, and sent to St, Augus- 
 tine, Florida ; served in the Provincial Legislature ; 
 was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 ; 
 received the degree of LL. D. from Princeton College 
 in 1787 ; and in the same year was a Delegate to the 
 Convention which framed the Constitution of the 
 United States, and signed that instrument. He was 
 President of the State Convention which ratified the 
 Federal Constitution ; and Governor of South Carolina 
 from 1789 to 1793, and from 1796 to 1798. He was a 
 Senator in Congress from 1798 to 1801, and was ap- 
 pointed, in 1801, Minister to Spain, by President Jef- 
 ferson, holding that position till 1805. He was sub- 
 sequently a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 
 1831 ; served in the State Legislature in 1810 and 
 1813 ; and died October 39, 1834. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Pincl.nei/, Cfinrles Cofeswortfi. — Bom in 
 
 Charleston. South Carolina, February 2.5, 1746; edu- 
 cated at Westminster and Oxford, England ; read law [ 
 at the Temple. London ; and passed nine months in I 
 the Royal Jlilitary Academy, Caen, France ; in 1709 
 he established himself in Charleston, South Carolina, 
 for the practice of law ; was a member of the first 1 
 Provincial Congress of South Carolina in 1775 ; was a j 
 Captain, and soon after Colonel of the First South j 
 Carolina Regiment ; after the successful defense of 
 Fort Moultrie, he joined the Northern army, and was [ 
 an Aid to Washington at Brandywine and German- 
 town ; in 1778 he took part in the expedition to Flor- 
 ida ; in 1779 he was President of the South Carolina 
 Senate. He defended Charleston against General 
 Provost ; and distinguished himself during the inva- 
 sion of Georgia and Savannah ; and was made prison- 
 er in 1780 at the surrender of Charleston; after the 
 war, he resumed the practice of law ; was a member 
 of the Convention which framed the Federal Consti- 
 tution ; and declined successively the positions of 
 Judge of United States Supreme Court, Secretary of 
 War, and Secretary of State, tendered him by Wash- 
 ington. He was Major-General of State Militia, and 
 in 1796, Minister to France ; but he was ordered to 
 quit the French Territory, by the French Directory, 
 who would not receive conciliatory propositions from 
 the United States, and he withdrew to Amsterdam in 
 1797 ; on his return home he was made a Major-Gen- 
 eral by Washington ; and was candidate for the 
 Vice Presidency in 1800. He was the author of the 
 famous sentiment: " Millions for defense, but not a 
 cent for tribute." He died in Charleston, August 16, 
 1825. 
 
 Pincknejf, Henry Laurens. — Born in 
 Charleston, September 34, 1794 ; graduated at South 
 Carolina College in 1812 ; studied law with his broth- 
 er-in-law, Robert Y. Hayne ; was admitted to the bar ; 
 was a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1833 ; 
 Mayor of Charleston in 1833, and in 1839 and 1840 ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from South Caroli- 
 na from 1833 to 1837, and subsequently Collector of 
 the Port, and a member of the Legislature ; was edi- 
 tor of the Charleston Mi rcury in 1819, and a promi- 
 nent leader in the State Rights party. He was the 
 author of "Memoirs of Jonathan Maxey," "Robert 
 Y. Hayne," and " Andrew Jackson." He was the sou 
 of Governor Charles Pinckney. Died in Charleston, 
 February 3, 1863. 
 
 Pinckney, Thomas. — Bom in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, October 23, 1750 ; was educated in 
 England with his brother Charles ; studied law in the 
 Temple ; and was admitted to the bar in 1770 ; join- 
 ing the Continental army, he rose to the rank of Ma- 
 jor ; served as Aid to Gen. Lincoln ; aud afterwards 
 to Count D'Estaing, at the siege of Savannah in 1779 ; 
 distinguished himself in the battle at Stono Ferry, and 
 was Aid to General Gates at Camden in 1780. Dur- 
 ing Washington's administration he was offered the 
 position of Judge of the United States Court, which 
 he declined ; was Minister to Great Britain from 1792 
 to 1794 ; and in the latter year went on a mission to 
 Spain, where he made the treaty of St. Ildefonso, 
 securing to the United States the free navigation of 1 
 the Mississippi ; in 1796 he returned to Charleston ; 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 1799 to 1801 ; in 1812 President Madison appointed 
 him to the command of the Sixth Military District ; 
 and his last field-service was at the battle of Horse- 
 Shoe Bend, where the power of the Creeks was bro- 
 ken. He was Governor of South Carolina from 1787 
 to 1789. Died in Charleston, November 2, 1838. 
 
 PlndaJl, James, — He was bom in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1817 to 1830, when he resigned. 
 22 
 
 Pinkney ,ViUiam , — Born in Annapolis, Mary- 
 land, March 17, 1764. Having prepared himself for 
 the bar, under tlie instruction of Judge Chase, he was 
 admitted to practice in 1786, and immediately gave 
 promise of high distinction. He was a member of 
 the Convention which ratified the Federal Constitu- 
 tion, and from 1789 to 1793 was a Representative in 
 Congress ; and then a member of the Executive Coun- 
 cil, and made its President. In 1795 he was a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature. In 1790 he was a Com- 
 missioner under Jay's Treaty, in conjunction with Mr. 
 Gore, and remained in London eiglit years. He re- 
 covered for Maryland a claim on the Bank of Eng- 
 land for $800,000. In 1800 he was Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary to England, and in 1808, on the return of Mr. 
 Monroe, was made Minister Plenipotentiary. He re- 
 turned to tlie United States, and settled in Baltimore 
 in 1811, and was soon after a member of the State 
 Senate. In December, 1811, he was appointed Attor- 
 ney-General, and reTuained in that position until 
 1814. He commanded a battalion of riflemen, and 
 was wounded at Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1816, 
 and then made Minister to Russia, and Envoy to Na- 
 ples. On his return, in 1819, he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the United States Senate, and continued in 
 that station until his death, February 35, 1833. He 
 possessed splendid talents, and was one of the most 
 accomplished orators and statesmen of his time. 
 
 Filter, WiUinm, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Piper, William A. — Born in Franklin Coimty, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1835 ; at the outbreak of the Mexi- 
 can war he volunteered in the military service and 
 acquitted himself with credit as a soldier; he re- 
 moved to California in 1849, while it was yet a Terri- 
 tory, and having settled in San Francisco has been 
 ever since identified with that city aud the State of 
 California as a lawyer and a man of business ; he was 
 elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Pitcher, Nftthauiel. — He was born at Litch- 
 field, Connecticut ; and was a member of the New 
 York Legislature in 1806, 1815, 1816, and 1817 ; a^ 
 Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of. 
 1831 ; in 1838 he was Lieutenant-Governor and Acting 
 Governor of the State ; subsequently Commissioner 
 to survey the State roads ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1819 to 1833,..and 
 again from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Pitkin, Timothy. — Born in Farmington, Con- 
 necticut, in 1705, and graduated at Yale College in 
 1785. He was for several years a member of the 
 State Legislature, and Speaker of the House during 
 five sessions ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 1805 lo 1819. In 1816 he published a "Statistical 
 View of the Commerce of the United States," and in 
 1828 his "Political and Civil History of the United 
 States from 1763 to the Close of Washington's Ad- 
 ministration." He died in New Haven, December 18, . 
 1847. 
 
 Pitkin, William, — Born in Middlesex, . Eng- 
 land, in 1664 ; was appointed Chief Justice of Con- 
 necticut in 1713. Died at Hartford, Connecticut, 
 April 5, 1733. 
 
 Pitkin, William. — Was a native of Connecti- 
 cut ; was a member of the Council in 1734 : appointed 
 Judge of the State in 1741 ; and Lieutenant-Governor 
 and Chief Justice from 1754 to 1760 ; in 1754 was one 
 of the Delegates to the Convention at Albany ; and 
 one of the Committee appointed to prepare the plan 
 [ of Union, which was adopted. He was Governor of 
 
338 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Connecticut from 1766 to 1769. Died in East Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, October 1, 1769. 
 
 I'itmau, Charles W. — He was born in New 
 Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsj-lyauia from 1§49 to 1851. 
 
 Pitman, John. — He was bom in Rhode Island, 
 in 1784 ; was for forty years Judge of the United 
 States District Court in that State ; and died in Provi- 
 dence, November 17, 1864. 
 
 Plaisfefl, Harris 31, — Born in Jefferson, New 
 Hampshire, November 3, 1828 ; after his boyhood he 
 worked upon his father's farm and taught school un- 
 til 1840 ; graduated at the Waterville College in 
 Maine, in 18o3, and was again connected with schools; 
 graduated at the Albany Law School in 18.'55, and came 
 to the bar in 18.36, living in Maine ; in 1861 he entered 
 the Volunteer service as Lieutenant-Colonel ; as Colo- 
 nel he participated in all the battles between York- 
 town and JIalvern Hill ; commanded a brigade at 
 Charleston, and was with Grant before Richmond, 
 and became a Major-General by brevet. He served 
 two years in the Legislature ; was a Delegate to t)ie 
 National Republican Convention of 1868 ; Attorney- 
 General for Maine from 1873 to 187.5 ; and elected a 
 Representative from that State to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of 
 Samuel F. Hersey. 
 
 Plant, David. — Was a native of Stratford, Con- 
 necticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1804. In 
 1819 and 1820 he was Speakef of the Hou?e of Rep- 
 resentatives ; in 1821 a member of the State Senate, 
 and was twice re-elected. From 1823 to 1837 he was 
 Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and from 1827 to 
 1830 a Representative in Congress. He died Octo- 
 ber 18, 1851. 
 
 Plants, Tobias A, — He was born in Bearer 
 County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1811 ; was self-edu- 
 cated ; taught scliool for several years ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1841 ; practiced the profession 
 in Ohio ; was a member of the Ohio Legislature from 
 18.58 to 1861 ; in 1864 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congre.ss, serving 
 on the Committees on Public Expenditures, on Mile- 
 age, and War Debts of the Loyal States. He was a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" 
 of 1866 ; and was reelected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on old Committees. 
 
 Plater, Gforrje. — Bom in Maryland in 17.36 ; 
 graduated at William and Mary College in 1753 ; 
 studied law, was Judge of the Maryland Court of Ap- 
 peals ; Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 1778 to 1781 ; President of the Convention which 
 ratified the Federal Constitution ; and Governor of 
 Maryland in 1793. He died at Annapolis, February 
 10, 1792. 
 
 Plater, Thomas. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1801 to 1805. 
 
 Pla ft,. Tames II.,.Tr. — He was born in Canada, 
 Of American parents, July 18, 1837 ; reared in Burling- 
 ton, Vermont ; studied medicine ; graduated from the 
 medical department of the Vermont University in 18.50; 
 in 1861 he raised two companies for the array, and 
 entered the service as Captain of the Fourth Regiment 
 Vermont Volunteers ; was in all the battles of the 
 Army of the Potomac ; for gallant conduct at Freder- 
 icksburg, in 1863, he was tendered a position on the 
 Staff of iMajor-General Smith ; continued as Aid and 
 Chief Quartermaster of the Sixth Corps uutil and after 
 the death of Major-General Sedgwick ; was taken 
 prisoner in 1864 ; settled in Petersburg, Virginia, in 
 
 1865 ; was elected a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of Virginia in 1867 ; served in the City 
 Council of Petersburg ; was a member of the Board 
 of Education for that city ; a Director in the Rich- 
 mond and Petersburg Railroad, and President of the 
 People's Savings Bank of Petersburg ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and as Chair- 
 man of that on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Piatt, ,Tonas, — Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 New York ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1799 to 1801 ; and died in Peru, 
 Clinton County, New York, in 1834. 
 
 Platf, Thomas C, — He was bom in Owego, 
 New York, July 15, 1833 ; received an academic edu- 
 cation in Owego ; was a member of Yale College, but 
 withdrew on account of ill-health ; followed mercan- 
 tile business ; was President of the Tioga National 
 Bank, and is engaged in lumbering in Michigan ; was 
 Clerk of the County of Tioga in 1859, 1860. and 1861 ; 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected 
 to the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committee on Post- 
 Otiices and Post-Roads. 
 
 Piatt, Zephaniah. — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1786. 
 
 Pleasanton, Stephen. — He was horn in Dela- 
 ware ; in 1817 he was appointed Fifth Auditor in the 
 Treasury Department, and held the office until his 
 death, which occurred in Washington in 1855, having 
 held the office for thirty-eight years, with advantage 
 to the Government and honor to himself. 
 
 Pleasants, James. — Bom in Virginia in 1769, 
 and died in Goochland County, November 9, 1836. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 
 1819 ; United States Senator from 1819 to 1832 ; Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia from 1822 to 1825 ; and a member of 
 the Convention of 1829 and 1830 for Amending the State 
 Constitution. He was twice appointed to the bench, 
 but declined, from a distrust of his own qualifications. 
 He was a man of rare modesty, greatly respected and 
 esteemed for public and private virtues. 
 
 Plainer, Arnoltl.—B.e was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was 
 subsequently appointed United States Marshal for the 
 Western District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Plitmer, George. — He was bom in Alleghany 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1827. 
 
 PI timer. William. — He was born at Newbury- 
 port, Massachusetts, June 25, 17.59 ; received a good 
 education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1787 ; was for many years Solicitor for the County 
 of Rockingham ; he was for eight years a member of 
 ::he State Legislature, and two years Speaker of the 
 House ; served as a member and President of the 
 State Senate. He was also Governor of New Hamp- 
 shire in 1813, and from 1816 to 1819 ; was a Senator 
 in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1807. He 
 died at Epping, New Hamp.shire, December 33, 1850. 
 
 Planter. Williant. — Born in Epping, New 
 Hampshire, in 1790, and died September 18, 1854. 
 He graduated at Cambridge in 1809 ; studied law, 
 but never practiced his profession. He frequently 
 served in the State Legislature, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1819 
 to 1835 ; his father, whose name he bore, ha\ingbeen 
 a Senator in 1802, from the same State. He was also 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 339 
 
 a member of the Convention to form a new State 
 Constitution in 1850. Was a Presidential Elector in 
 1821. 
 
 Plinrimer, Franklin IS. — He was at one time 
 a Judge of the Circuit Court of Mississippi, and a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 
 to 1833, and again from 1833 to 1835. He died at 
 Jackson, Mississippi, September 24, 1852. 
 
 Poindexfpr, George. — He was bom in Lou- 
 don County, Virginia, in 1779 ; studied law, and 
 in 1803 removed to the Territory of Mississippi, 
 where he was made Attorney-General ; was the sec- 
 ond Governor of Mississippi under the State Con- 
 stitution, from 1819 to 1821 ; was a Delegate to 
 Congress from the Territory from 1807 to 1813, 
 when he was appointed Federal Judge of the Terri- 
 tory ; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 
 1819, and United States Senator from Mississippi from 
 1830 to 1835, serving for a time as President, pro tcm. 
 of the Senate. He lived for a time in Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, but returned to Mississippi ; published a Re- 
 vised Code of the Laws of that State ; killed a mer- 
 chant named Abijali Hunt in a duel ; and was noted 
 for his ability and bitter partisanship. He died in 
 Jackson, Mississippi, September 5, 1853. 
 
 Poiiiseff, Joel U. — He was born in Statesburg, 
 South Carolina, in 1779 : spent the most of his youth 
 in traveling in foreign countries ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from South Carolina from 1821 to 
 1823 ; was appointed by President John Quincy Adams 
 United States Minister to Mexico ; was Secretary 
 of War under President Van Buren ; and from 1840 
 until his death he lived in retirement. He was a man 
 of letters, and among other things wrote an interest- 
 ing book on Mexico. He died in Statesburg, South 
 Carolina, December 14, 1851. 
 
 Poland, L,iike P.- — He was bom in Westford, 
 Chittenden County, Vermont, November 1, 1815 ; re- 
 ceived a good common-school and academic educa- 
 tion ; commenced the study of law when eighteen 
 years of age, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 ; 
 was Register of Probate for Lamoille County in 1839 
 and 1840 ; was a member of the " State Constitutional 
 C'onvention " in 1843 ; Prosecuting Attorney for La- 
 moille County in 1844 and 1845 ; and in 1848 he was 
 elected by the Legislature one of tlie Jud.^es of the 
 Supreme Court of Vermont, which office he continued 
 to hold by annual elections until November, 1865, 
 when he was appointed to fill the vacancy in the 
 United States Senate caused by the death of Jacol) 
 Collamer, whose term would have expired in 1867. 
 Just before his appointment to the Senate he had 
 been re-elected to the Supreme Bench, upon which he 
 held the position of Chief Justice, to which he was 
 promoted in 1860. The Committees upon which he 
 served in the Senate were those on the Judiciary, and 
 Patents and the Patent Office. His appointment to 
 the Senate was confirmed by the Legislature. He was 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866 ; and was subsequentU' elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Vermont to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Elections, as a Regent of 
 the Smithsonian Institution, and as Cliairman of the 
 Committees on Revision of the Laws of the United 
 States, and Unfinished Business. He was re-elected 
 to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committees on 
 the Revision of Laws and the Affairs of Arkansas, in 
 1874 and 1875. 
 
 Polk, Charles. — He was bom in Kent County, 
 Delaware, in 1787 ; served in the State Senate ; was 
 Register of Wills for a long time ; Collector of Cus 
 toms ; and was twice elected Governor of the State 
 
 once by election and once by substitution as Speaker 
 of the Senate. Died October 28, 1857. 
 
 Polk, fJanies Knox, — Bom in Mecklenburg 
 County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795 ; removed 
 with his father, in 1806, to Tennessee, and lived in 
 the valley of Duck River, a branch of tlie Cumber- 
 land. He graduated at the University of North Caro- 
 lina in 1815 ; studied law in Tennessee with Felix 
 Grundy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; he 
 was a member of the House of Representatives in 
 Congress from 1825 to 1839, and Speaker in that body 
 from 1835 to 1837 ; and was elected Governor of Ten- 
 nessee in 1839, for two years. In December, 1844, the 
 Electors chose him President of the United States ; 
 and during his eventful administration the Oregon 
 question was settled, Texas annexed, war with Mex- 
 ico declared, and New Mexico and California were ac- 
 quired. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 
 1849. 
 
 Polk, Triisfen, — He was born in Sussex County, 
 Delaware, May 29, 1811 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1831 ; studied law at the Yale Law School ; and in 
 1835 he emigrated to Missouri, where he commenced 
 the practice of his profession. In 1845, while absent 
 from Missouri for the benefit of his health, he was 
 elected a member of the Convention called to re- 
 model the State Constitution ; in 1848 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector ; in 1856 he was elected Governor of 
 Missouri, and inaugurated January, 18.57, but soon re- 
 signed for a seat in the United States Senate, to 
 which he was elected for a term of six years from 
 March 4, 1857. He was a member of the Committees 
 on Foreign Affairs, and on Claims. Expelled for dis- 
 loyalty January 10, 1862. 
 
 Polk, IVilliam IT. — He was bom in Maury Coun- 
 ty, Tennessee, May 24. 1815 ; educated at Chapel 
 Hill, North Carolina, and the University of Tennessee , 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 
 1841 and 1843 he was elected to the State Legislature; 
 was appointed by President Tyler Chargi' d'Affaires 
 to Naples, where he negotiated a treaty with the Two 
 Sicilies ; served as a Major of Dragoons in the Mexi- 
 can War ; was a Delegate to the " Nashville Conven- 
 tion " in 1850 ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 Tennessee from 1851 to 1853. He was a brother of 
 President Polk, and opposed to the great Rebellio . 
 Died at Nashville, December 16, 1862. 
 
 Poll a r<l. Hi eh a rd. — Born in Albemarle County, 
 Virginia ; was well educated and fond of military 
 studies ; was Charge d'Affaires to Chili from 1834 to 
 1842. Died in Washington, District of Columbia- 
 February 19, 1851. 
 
 Polloek, tjames. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia ; graduated at Princeton College in 1831 ; was a 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from his native State from 1843 
 to 1849 ; and Governor of the same from 1855 to 1858. 
 Was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress " of 1861. 
 In 1801 he was appointed by President Lincoln Direc- 
 tor of the United States Mint in Philadelphia, serving 
 as such until 1867. 
 
 Polnlei/, Daniel. — He was born near Fairmount, 
 Marion Connty, Virginia, November 28, 1803 ; re- 
 ceived a limited education and spent his boyhood on 
 a farm ; studied law with Philip Doddridge and Hen- 
 ry St. George Tucker, and came to the bar in 1827 ; 
 practiced the profession until 1845, when he retired to 
 a farm and devoted himself to agriculture until 1861 ; 
 was a member of the May and June Conventions of 
 that year, held in Wheeling, for re-organizing the 
 government of Virginia, and was elected Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the State, which beheld until West Vir- 
 
340 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 gmia. was admitted into the Union. He was subse- 
 quently elected Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit 
 for six years, and in 1866 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from West Virginia to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions 
 and Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Poineroy, Charles. — Born in Meriden, Connec- 
 ticut, September 8, 1835 ; received a common-school 
 education ; worked as a tinman ivith his father for 
 several years, and then carried on business in his own 
 name ; removed to Iowa in 1855 ; there studied law, 
 and settled in the village of Fort Dodge ; became 
 President of the National Bank at that place, and was 
 elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Tei'ritories, 
 and Mines and Mining. 
 
 Pomeroy, Sninuel C— Was born in South- 
 ampton, Massachusetts, January 3, 1816; and spent 
 his boyhood on his father's farm. After an academic 
 education, he entered Amherst College in 1836; spent 
 four years in New York ; returned to his native town, 
 and held various local offices ; and was elected to the 
 Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1852. In 1854 he 
 was engaged in organizing the New England Emi- 
 grant Aid Society, and became its financial agent ; re- 
 moved to Kansas in the same year, and participated 
 in its affairs ; was a member of the Territorial De- 
 fense Committee ; a Delegate to the Pittsburg and 
 Philadelphia Conventions of 1856, and also to that of 
 Chicago in 1860. During the famine in Kansas he 
 was Chairman of the Relief Committee ; and in 1861 
 he took his seat in the United States Senate, from 
 Kansas, for six years, serving on the Committees on 
 Pensions, Claims, Territories, Manufactures, and as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. In 
 January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for 
 the term ending in 1873. Subsequently settled in 
 Washington City, where an attempt was made to as- 
 sassinate him, by Martin F. Conway, with whom he 
 had a long and bitter political quarrel. 
 
 Pomcroy, Theodore M. — Born in Cayuga, 
 New York, December 31, 1824 ; graduated at Hamil- 
 ton College ; adopted the profession of law ; was Dis- 
 trict Attorney for Cayuga County from 1850 to 1856 ; 
 was a member of the State Legislature in 1857 ; and 
 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Expenditures in the Post-OfEce Department, and as a 
 member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Banking and Currency, and Unfin- 
 ished Business. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, 
 and was made Chairman of the Committee on Bank- 
 ing and Currency. Was subsequently a Director in 
 First National Bank of Auburn. 
 
 Pond, Penjumin. — He served four years in 
 the Assembly of New York, from Esses County, and 
 was a Representative in Congress, from that State, 
 from 1811 to 1813. He was re-elected, but died in 
 June, 1815, at his residence in Schroon, Essex Coun- 
 ty, New York. 
 
 Pottd, C, II. — He was elected Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor of Connecticut in 1853 ; and was subsequently 
 Acting Governor of the State for nearly one year. 
 
 Ponder, ,Ia m es. — He was born in Milton, Sussex 
 County, Delaware, October 31, 1819 ; received an 
 academic education, and entered into the mercantile 
 business, to which he devoted himself ; in 1856 he 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1864 to the 
 State Senate ; and in 1867 became Speaker of that 
 
 body ; in 1870 he was elected Governor of Delaware 
 for the term ending in 1865. 
 
 Pool, John. — He was born in Pasquotank Coun- 
 ty, North Carolina, June 16, 1826 ; graduated at the 
 State University in 1847 ; studied law and came to 
 the bar before the close of that year ; he was elected 
 to the State Senate in 1856 and 1858 ; remained in 
 private life during the Rebellion, until 1864, when 
 he was again chosen to the State Senate, as a Peace 
 candidate ; took a leading part in the movements for 
 peace ; was a member of the State Constitutional 
 Convention of 1865, and was again elected to the 
 Senate ; in 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress 
 from North Carolina, but not admitted ; and in 1868 
 he was re-elected to the same position, for the term 
 ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
 tionary Claims, Revision of United States Laws, and 
 Indian Affairs. 
 
 Pope,Bnrrell Thontas. — Bom in Oglethorpe 
 County, Georgia, January 7, 1813 ; studied law and 
 came to the bar at Athens in 1836 ; in 1837 he 
 removed to Wetumpka, Alabama, where he practiced 
 his profession until 1844 ; in 1845 he removed to Ash- 
 ville. North Carolina, where he remained until 1867 ; 
 from thence he went to Gadsden, Alabama, where he 
 was appointed Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Cir- 
 cuit, and where he died. May 8, 1868. 
 
 Pope, John. — He was bom in Prince William 
 County, Virginia, in 1770. Having lost one arm by 
 accident, he determined to study law, and attained 
 eminence at the bar ; he removed to Kentucky, and 
 served a number of years in the Legislature ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1801; was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1807 to 1813, officiating 
 for a time as President pro tern, of that body ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843. In 
 1829 he was appointed Governor of the Territory of 
 Arkansas, and died in Kentucky, July 13, 1845. 
 
 Pope, Xathaniel. — Bom in Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, in 1784 ; was educated at Transylvania Univer- 
 sity ; studied the French language, and emigrated to 
 Upper Louisiana in 1804 ; practiced law in St. Gene- 
 vieve, Missouri, until 1809 ; was appointed Secretary 
 of the Territory of Illinois in 1809, and removed there; 
 was elected Delegate to Congress in 1817 ; in 1818, 
 when Illinois was admitted as a State, he was 
 appointed United States District Judge, and held 
 that otiice until his death, which occurred in Illinois, 
 in 1850. 
 
 Pope, Patrick H. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835, and died 
 at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1841. 
 
 Poppleton, E. F. — Bom in Ohio ; received a 
 common-school education ; studied law, and, after 
 coming to the bar, settled in the town of Delaware in 
 1865 ; served one session in the State Senate, to fill a 
 vacancy, and was elected in 1874 a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Porter, Albert G. — Born in Lawrenceburg, 
 Indiana, April 20, 1824 ; graduated at the Asbury 
 University in 1843 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1845, settling at Indianapolis ; in 1853 he 
 was appointed Reporter of tlie Decisions of the 
 Supreme Court of Indiana, pttblishing five volumes ; 
 served two terms as City Attorney of Indianapolis ; 
 was twice elected a member of the City Council ; and 
 in 1858 he was elected a Representative from Indiana 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary 
 Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, 
 and on Manufactures. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 341 
 
 Porter, Alexander J. — Bom near Armaph, 
 Ireland, in 1786 ; came to the United States in 1801 ; 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits in Nashville, Ten- 
 nessee ; having studied law, was admitted to the 
 bar in 1807, and attained a high rank in his profes- 
 sion ; in 1810 he removed to St. Martinsville, Louisi- 
 ana, and was active in forming the State Constitution 
 in 1811 ; became a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State in 1821, and served fifteen years ; was United 
 States Senator from 1833 to 1837 ; was re-elected in 
 1843, but ill-health prevented him from taking his 
 seat, and he died at Attakapas, Louisiana, January 
 13, 1844. 
 
 Porter, Augustus S. — Born in Canandaigua, 
 New York, January 18, 1798 ; graduated at Union 
 College in 1818 ; studied law as a profession, and 
 practiced for twenty years in Detroit, Michigan, of 
 which city he was chosen Mayor in 1838. He was a 
 Senator in Congress from Michigan from 1840 to 184.5; 
 and in 1848 he removed to Niagara Falls, the resi- 
 dence of his father, where he has since lived in 
 retirement. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Porter, Charles H, — He was born in Cairo, 
 New York ; received an academic education ; was a 
 student at the Law University of Albany in 1852 ; 
 practiced law in Greene Coiinty until 1861, when he 
 entered the army ; settled at Norfolk, Virginia, and 
 was Attorney for the Commonwealth from 1863 until 
 1870, and Attorney for the city one year ; was a 
 member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia 
 in 1867 and 1868 ; was elected to the Forty-first and 
 Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Porter, David. — He was a citizen of Maryland; 
 in 1831 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Turkey; 
 in 1839 he became Minister Resident, and died at his 
 post, March 3, 1843. 
 
 Porter, David P. — Bom in Philadelphia in 
 1788 ; was a lawyer, and often a member of each 
 branch of the State Legislature ; was also exten- 
 sively engaged in the manufacture of iron ; he was 
 Governor of Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1845 ; his 
 election in 1838, in Philadelphia County, gave rise to 
 much excitement at the State Capital, known as the 
 " Buckshot War," growing out of a charge of irregu- 
 larity in the election. He died at Harrisburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, August 6, 1867. 
 
 Porter, George P. — Born in Lancaster, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1790 ; was liberally educated as a lawyer, 
 and was an active business man ; Governor of Michi- 
 gan Territory from 1831 to 1834. Died in Detroit, 
 July 6, 1834. 
 
 Porter, Gilchrist, — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri 
 from 1851 to 1857. 
 
 Porter, iTames. — He was born in Williamstown, 
 Massachusetts, and was the son of an eminent 
 physician ; graduated at Williams College, and 
 removed to Skaneateles, New York, where he studied 
 law and commenced the practice of his profession ; 
 he was a member of the State Assembly in 1814 and 
 1815 ; and a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1817 to 1819. After leaving Congress he 
 was appointed Register of the Court of Chancery, 
 which office he held until his death, which occurred 
 in Albany. He was a man of culture and high char- 
 acter, and among his most intimate friends were such 
 men as Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren. 
 
 Porter, James D, — Bom in Paris, Henry 
 
 County, Tennessee, December 7, 1828 ; graduated at 
 the Nashville University in 1846 ; studied law at 
 Lebanon ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1859 ; was Adjutant-General in the Confederate Army 
 during the Rebellion ; was a Delegate to the State 
 Constitutional Convention of 1870 ; in 1871 elected 
 Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of Tennessee, 
 which position he resigned in 1874 ; and was soon 
 afterwards elected Governor of Tennessee, the oppos- 
 ing candidate having been Horace JIaynard. 
 
 Porter, James Madison, — Born in Selma, 
 Pennsylvania, January 6, 1793 ; was educated as a 
 lawyer ; served as a volunteer in the War of 1812 ; 
 was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional 
 Convention in 1838, and had an important share in 
 the revision of the State Constitution ; was appointed 
 Secretary of War by Tyler in 1843, but rejected by 
 the Senate ; was one of the founders of Lafayette Col- 
 lege at Easton, Pennsylvania, and twenty-five years 
 President of its Board of Trustees; was President 
 Judge of the Twelfth and Twenty-second Judicial 
 Districts of Pennsylvania. Died at Easton, Novem- 
 ber 11, 1862. 
 
 Porter, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1806 to 1811, 
 having first been elected to fill the unexpired term 
 of Michael Lieb, resigned. 
 
 Porter, J. I), Forest. — He was bom in New 
 
 York ; settled in Nebraska, whence he was appoint- 
 ed in 1872 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
 for the Territory of Arizona, residing in Arizona City. 
 
 Porter, Peter B. — He was born in Salisbury, 
 Connecticut, in 1773, and graduated at Yale College 
 in 1791. He completed his law studies at Litchfield, 
 and emigrated to western New Yorlc. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1S09 
 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1816, when he resigned. As 
 Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, he 
 reported the resolutions authorizing immediate and 
 active preparations for war; and in 1816 was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent. In 
 1813 he was made Major-General and Chief in com- 
 mand of the State troops and in 1815 he received 
 from President Madison the a|)poiiitment of Comman- 
 der-in-Chief of the United States Army, which he 
 declined. Soon after the war he was chosen Secretary 
 of the State of New York. In 1828 he was appointed 
 Secretary of War by President Adams. He died at 
 Niagara Falls, March 20, 1844, universally respected. 
 He distinguished himself at Chippewa and at 
 Lundy's Lane, and for his services received a gold 
 medal from Congress and a sword from the State of 
 New York. He was the father of ' in;_ii iln &. 
 Porter. fkle-r Ar 
 
 Porter, Tlionias. — He was in the British Army 
 at Lake George in 17.55, and was active during the 
 Revolution. He was ten years a Judge of the Supreme 
 and County Courts of Vermont ; and was a mem- 
 ber of the Legislatures of Vermont and Connecticut 
 for thirty-five years. He died at Granville, New 
 York, August, 1833, aged ninety -nine years and three 
 months. 
 
 Porter, Timothy H. — He was born in New 
 Haven, Connecticut ; served five years in the As- 
 sembly of New York, and also five years in the State 
 Senate ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1825 to 1827. 
 
 Porter, Villiani A. — Born in Hunterdon 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1821 ; graduated at Lafay- 
 ette College in 1839; admitted to the bar in Philadel- 
 phia in 1842 ; was Sheriff of that city in 1843 ; city 
 
343 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Solicitor in 185(i ; Judge of the Superior Court in 
 1858. Author of "Essay ou Law, and SUcriflfs," 
 1845; "Life of Chief Justice John Gibson," 1855; 
 also, " Addresses." 
 
 Posey, Tliomns. — Born on the banks of the Po- 
 tomac, July 9, 1750 ; received a plain English educa- 
 tion ; removed to western Virginia at the age of 
 nineteen; was Quartermaster to Lewis's division of 
 Lord Dunmore's army, and was at the battle of Pt. 
 Pleasant in 1774; was one of the Committee of Cor- 
 respondence in 1775 ; was Captain in the Seventh Vir- 
 ginia Continental Regiment, and aided in defeating 
 Lord Dunmore at Gvvyu's I.slaud; joined Washington's 
 army in 1777 ; was transferred to the rifle regiment 
 of Colonel Morgan ; was with General Gates at Bemis 
 Heights, and Stillwater ; took command of his regi- 
 ment in 1778 against the Indians. In 1779 com- 
 manded a battalion under Wayne, and was one of the 
 first to enter the enemy's works at Stony Point ; was 
 at the surrender of Yorktown ; took command of a 
 new regiment under Wayne, in Georgia. In 1783, 
 when surprised by the Indians, defeated them with 
 great loss. From 1786 to 1793 was County Lieutenant 
 of Spottsylvania, Virginia, and appointed Brigadier- 
 General ; was State Senator ; Lieutenant-Governor, 
 ^our years ; Major-General of Kentucky levies in 
 I'XV'X /r809 ; United States Senator from Louisiana in 1812, 
 ^\ ' \ by appointment of the Governor, but superseded by 
 i V J the appointment of J. Brown by the Legislature ; 
 * was Governor of Indiana Territory from 1813 to 1810; 
 
 was agent of Indian Affairs in 1816, which position 
 he held till his death, which occurred at Shawnee- 
 town, Illinois, March 19, 1818. 
 
 Post, 'Tothdin, Jr. — Born in New Tork ; a 
 graduate of Columbia College ; a mem'oer of the 
 New York Assembly for four years, from the City of 
 New York, and a Representative in Congress from 
 1813 to 1815, from his native State. 
 
 Poston, Charles D. — He was born hi Hardin 
 County, Kentucky, April 20, 1825; removed to Cali- 
 fornia in 1850 ; was employed in the Custom-House at 
 San Francisco for four years ; and in 1854 he went to 
 Arizona as the pioneer of silver mining enterprises 
 in that Territory. Upon the organization of a Terri- 
 torial Government for Arizona, he was appointed 
 Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory ; 
 and at the first election held he was elected a Dele- 
 gate from Arizona to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 taking his seat at the second sesfiou. 
 
 Potter, A, — Born in 1825, and was an early emi- 
 grant to Micliigan, going to Kalamazoo ; received a 
 common-school education, and commenced business 
 as a tinner and hardware merchant ; served for one 
 term in the State Legislature ; subsequently turned 
 his attention to banking, and became President of the 
 National Bank of Kalamazoo ; was defeated for Con- 
 gress in 1872, but in 1874 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Michigan to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Potter, Clarkson Nott. — He was bom in 
 
 Schenectady, New York, in 1825; graduated at Union 
 College (of which his grandfather. Rev. Eliplialet 
 Nott, was President, and his father, Bishop Alonzo 
 Potter, was Vice President) in 1842 ; graduated at 
 Rensselaer Institute, as a Civil Engineer, in 1843, 
 and was a surveyor in Wisconsin ; studied law in 
 that State, and after coming to the bar, commenced 
 the practice of liis profession in New York City in 
 1847, and while engaged in a number of important 
 suits, in 1868 was elected a Representative from New 
 York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committee ou Commerce and other important Com- 
 mittees. Re-elected to the two subsequent Con- 
 gresses, during which time he argued important 
 
 cases before the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. 
 
 Potter, Klisha P. — Born in Little Rest, now 
 Kingston, Rhode Island, Nov. 5,1764; when a boy 
 he served as a soldier, and worked in a blacksmith 
 shop ; subsequently studied law ; in 1796 he waa 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Rhode Is- 
 land for the unexpired term of B. Bourne, resigned ; 
 re-elected to the Fifth Congress, in place of Bourne, 
 who declined, but he himself resigned in 1797; he 
 was again a Representative from 1809 to 1815, serv- 
 ing on important Committees. He was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1793, and by semi-annual elec- 
 tions under the old charter system continued to serve 
 until his death, excepting when in Congress, and was 
 five times elected Speaker. He was a man of supe- 
 rior talents, and for forty years filled a large space in 
 the political affairs of Rhode Island. Died in King- 
 ston, Rhode Island, September 26, 1835. 
 
 Potter, Elisha i?., .7>'.— Sou of the preceding, 
 and was born in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 20, 
 1811 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1830; was 
 for several years a member of the State Legislature ; 
 was Adjutant-General of the State in 1835 and 1836 ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; 
 and Commissioner of Public Schools from May, 1849, 
 to October. 18.54, when he resigned, after which he 
 devoted himself to the practice of law. Subsequent- 
 ly chosen a Judge of tlie Supreme Court of the State, 
 and became Chief Justice. As an author he pub- 
 lished " Early History of Narragansett," a work on 
 "Paper Money in Rhode Island," and valuable con- 
 tributions on Suffrage and Public Schools. 
 
 Potter, Einer)/ D. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. He 
 was subsequently appointed United States Judge for 
 the Territory of Utah. 
 
 Potter, Henry. — He was bom in Mecklenburg, 
 Virginia, in 1765 ; received a liberal education and 
 adopted the profession of law ; in 1801 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Jefferson United States Judge of 
 the Fifth Circuit ; in 1802 was made Judge of the Uni- 
 ted States District Court for the State of North Caro- 
 lina, which he held until his death, December 20, 1857. 
 
 Potter, John F. — Bom in Augusta, Maine, May 
 11, 1817 ; educated at Phillips's Academy, New 
 Hampshire ; is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature of Wisconsin in 18.56 ; a 
 Judge of Walworth County from 1842 to 1846, and 
 elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions. Elected also to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, and made Chairman of a Special Committee 
 on Government Employes, and also of that on Public 
 Lands. He was a Delegate also to the "Peace Con- 
 gress" of 1861. He was appointed Governor of Ne- 
 vada Territory by President Lincoln, but declined, 
 and was subsequently appointed Consul-General of 
 British North America. 
 
 Potter, Pobert, — Born in Granville County, 
 North Carolina. He entered the navy as a midship- 
 man, but re>;igned this position, and studied law. 
 He entered the State Legislature in 1826, and was in 
 Congress from 1829 to 1831. He was a second time in 
 the Legislature, but owing to an outrage that he com- 
 mitted upon the persons of two men, of whom he was 
 jealous, he lost all political influence, and, removing 
 to Texas, was killed in a private brawl. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 343 
 
 Potter, Sfntniel J. — Born in Rhode Island, and 
 was at one time rejiuty Governor ; he was a Senator 
 in Congress from Rhode Island during the years 1803 
 and 18U-t, and died October 29 of the latter year, 
 aged fifty-four years. In 1793 and 1797 he was a 
 Presidential Elector. 
 
 Potter, IV ill id m TJ'. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1839, 
 and died at Bellefonte, in that State, October 28, 
 1839. 
 
 Pottle, Emori/ B. — He was born in Naples, 
 New York ; is a lawyer by profession ; was once in 
 the Legislature of New York ; and was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from that 
 State, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in 
 the Navy Department. He was also re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Poftii, Da rid, Jr. — He was born in Chester 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1793, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1839. 
 Died in 18G3. 
 
 Potts, Richard. — He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in 1781 and 1782 ; Governor of 
 Maryland during the years 1781 and 1783 ; and a 
 Senator in Congress from that State fi-om 1793 to 
 1796, when he resigned. He received from Princeton 
 College in 1805 the degree of LL.D. 
 
 Potvel, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Powell, Alfred, JT. — He was born in Loudon 
 County, Virginia ; graduated at Princeton College ; 
 studied law in Alexandria, Virginia ; settled in Win- 
 chester, Virginia, in 1800 ; served in the State Legis- 
 lature, and one or two State Conventions ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Virginia from 182.5 
 to 1827. He died at Winchester while arguing a case 
 in court, in 1831, aged fifty years. 
 
 Powell, Cilthbert. — He was at one time Mayor 
 of Alexandria in Virginia, and on his removal to 
 Loudon County was elected to the Legislature ; was 
 subsequently a Representative in Congress from 1841 
 to 1843. He died at LangoUen, Virginia, May 8, 
 1849. 
 
 Powell, Joseph. — Bom at Towanda, Bradford 
 County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 18^8. His education 
 was such as the common-school and academical fa- 
 cilities of his county afforded ; adopted in early life 
 the profession of a merchant, which he pursued suc- 
 cessfully for many years ; subsequently became Pres- 
 ident of the First National Bank of Towanda, and 
 engaged in other business enterprises. At the time 
 of his election as a Representative to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress, in 1875, he was engaged in active business, 
 and accepted a nomination contrary to his wishes and 
 inclinations. Previous to this time he had never 
 occupied a public position, nor been an active poli- 
 tician. 
 
 Powell, Lazarus W. — Bom in Henderson 
 County, Kentucky, October 6, 1813 ; graduated at 
 St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, in 1833 ; studied 
 law at the Transylvania University, and came to the 
 bar in 1835, following his profession and carrying on 
 a farm at the same time ; in 1836 he was elected to 
 the Kentucky Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1844 ; was Governor of Kentucky from 1851 to 
 1855 ; and was chosen a Senator in Congress for 
 the long term commencing in 1859, serving on the 
 Committees on the Judiciary, Pensions, and Printing. 
 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National 
 LTnion Convention " of 1866 ; and died at his home iu 
 Kentucky, July 5, 1867. 
 
 Powell. Levin. — Born in Virginia in 1738 ; was 
 a member of the State Convention which ratified the 
 Federal Constitution ; served through the War of the 
 Revolution in the Virginia Line of the Continental 
 Army, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel ; 
 he resided in Loudon County, Virginia, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; he 
 died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, in August, 1810. 
 
 Powell, Paulas. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 having been elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State in 1849, continued in that capacity to 
 the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Expenditures in the 
 Navy Department, and that on Post-Otfices and Post- 
 Roads. 
 
 Powell. William H.—Ue was born in Ohio; 
 studied portrait painting at home and in New York 
 city ; studied historical painting in Paris ; and re- 
 ceived from the General Government two orders for 
 large paintings, which are now iu the National Capi- 
 itol, viz. : " The Discovery of the Mississippi by De 
 Soto," and the "Battle of Lake Erie," the last of 
 which is a re-production of another picture painted 
 for the State of Ohio. Mr. Powell's portraits of pub- 
 lic and private men are quite numerous. 
 
 Powers, Gershom. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 Powers, Hiram. — Bom at Woodstock, Ver- 
 mont, July 29, 1805 ; s]ient his youth on his father's 
 farm ; emigrated with his family to Ohio, and on the 
 death of his father established himself in Cincinnati, 
 being employed successively in a reading-room, a 
 produce store, and with a clockmaker ; from a Ger- 
 man sculptor he learned the art of modeling in plas- 
 ter, and for seven years directed the wax-work de- 
 partment of the Cincinnati Museum, which he made 
 a weird and interesting place ; in 1835 he went to 
 Washington, where he modeled busts of distinguished 
 men ; with the assistance of Nicholas Longworth, of 
 Cincinnati, he was able to establish himself in Flor- 
 ence, where he subsequently resided. In 1838 he 
 produced an ideal statue of Eve, which was considered 
 by Thorwaldsen a master-piece ; in 1839 he finished 
 the "Greek Slave," of which he has made several 
 copies. He was commissioned by the United States 
 Government to execute a statue of Benjamin Franklin 
 and Thomas Jefferson. He was the inventor of a 
 useful process of modeling in plaster, which obviates 
 the necessity of a clay model. His busts of Daniel 
 Webster and other noted men are all of a high 
 order. Died. 
 
 Powers, Sidf/eli/ C — He was born in Mecca, 
 Trumbull County, Ohio, December 24, 1836 ; studied 
 at the Western Reserve Seminary, and taught school 
 in Illinois ; graduated at the University of Michigan 
 in 1862 ; served as an Assistant Adjutant-General in 
 the War for the Union ; removed to the State of 
 Mississippi in 1865 ; was Lieutenant-Governor in 
 1870, and elected Governor of the State in 1871. 
 
 Poifdras, Julian. — He was a Delegate in Con- 
 gress from the Territory of Louisiana from 1809 to 
 1813. 
 
 Pratt, Daniel. — He was bom in Washington 
 County, New York, in 1806 ; taught school while yet 
 a mere boy ; graduated at Union College in 1835 ; 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1836, locating in 
 Syracuse ; in 1843 he was appointed a Judge of the 
 
344 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Court of Common Pleas, holding the office four 
 years ; he was soon afterwards elected a Judge of the 
 Supreme Court, and in 1851 was re-elected for the 
 term ending in 1859 ; from that time he resumed the 
 practice of his profession, and in 1874 was elected 
 Attorney-General of the State of New York. 
 
 Pratt, Daniel D. — He was born in Palermo, 
 Waldo County, Maine, October '2G, 1813 ; when a 
 child, removed with his parents to New York ; grad- 
 uated at Hamilton College in 1831 ; in 1883 he went 
 to Indiana, where he taught school ; in 1834 he went 
 to Indianapolis, and wrote in the otHce of the Secre- 
 tary of State, and studied law ; in 1836 he settled at 
 Logansport, where he commenced the practice of his 
 profession ; in 1851 and 1853 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; was a Delegate to the Chicago 
 Convention of 1860, officiating as leading Secretary ; 
 and in 1868 he was elected a Kepreseutative from 
 Indiana to the Forty-first Congress ; in January, 1809, 
 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term 
 ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Pen- 
 sions, Claims, and District of Columbia. In May, 
 1875, he was appointed Commissioner of Internal 
 Revenue. 
 
 Pratt, Henry O. — Was born in Foxcroft, 
 Maine, February 11, 1838 ; was well educated ; stud- 
 ied law, and graduated at the law department of 
 Harvard University ; removed to Iowa in 186'3 ; served 
 as a private in the Army ; practiced law at Charles 
 City in 1864 ; was elected to the Iowa House of Rep- 
 resentatives in 1869, and re-elected in 1871 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Private Land 
 Claims. 
 
 Pratt, flames T. — He was born in Middletown, 
 Connecticut, in 1805 Bums bred a farmer, which oc- 
 cupation he followedW^ved in the Connecticut Le- 
 gislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1853 to 1855. He was also a Delegate 
 to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. 
 
 Pratt, O. C — He was born in New Y'ork ; re- 
 moved to Illinois, and from that State was appointed 
 an Associate Justice of the United States Court for 
 the Territory of Oregon, residing at Oregon City. 
 
 Pratt, Thomas G. — He was born in Washing- 
 ton City in 1805 ; was educated at an Academy in 
 Georgetown, District of Columbia ; was bred a lawyer; 
 frequently served in the Maryland Senate ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1837 ; was Governor of Mary- 
 land from 18-14 to 1848 ; and was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1850 to 1857. He was 
 also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864 ; 
 and to the Philadelphia " National LTnion Conven- 
 tion" of 1866. Died in Baltimore, November 9, 
 1869. 
 
 Pratt, Zadock, — Was born at Stepheutown, 
 Rensselaer County, New York, October 30, 179U. 
 He commenced his early life without means, but by 
 his industry gained a large fortune. Devoting his 
 attention to tanning among the Catskill Mountains, 
 he attained eminent success in that branch of the 
 mechanic arts, and his name will ever be associated 
 with Prattsville and that vast tannery, where, pre- 
 vious to the close of it, in 1846, he had tanned more 
 than a million sides of leather. In 1833 he was elect- 
 ed a Colonel of Militia ; in 1830 to the State Senate ; 
 in 1836 a Presidential Elector. He was elected to 
 Congress in 1836 and 1843, and labored successfully 
 for the public good. His career in Congress will be 
 remembered for his efforts in behalf of the reduction 
 of postage, his plans for the new Post-Office build- 
 ings, and the Bureau of Statistics, which owes its 
 
 origin to him. In 1853 he was again a Presidential 
 Elector. He established a newspaper and a Bank at 
 Prattsville ; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Con- 
 vention" of 1853, and to various other Democratic 
 Conventions, and the President of many societies and 
 institutions. Died in Bergen, New Jersey, April 6, 
 1871. 
 
 Pray, Piiblhis Piitilhis P. — He was a law- 
 yer and jurist, and was one of the Judges of the High 
 Court of Appeals and Errors ; he died in Pearlington, 
 Mississippi, January 11, 1840; aged forty-five years. 
 Published "Revised Statutes of Mississippi," 8vo, 
 1836. 
 
 Preble, Villi am Pitt,— Born in York, Maine, 
 November 37, 1783 ; graduated at Harvard Univers- 
 ity in 1806 ; was District Attorney in 1813 ; removed 
 to Portland in 1818 ; was a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention, and was appointed Judge 
 of the Supreme Court under the new government in 
 1820 ; was appointed United States Minister to the 
 Netherlands in 1839 ; and afterwards held many im- 
 portant positions. In 1847 was President of the At- 
 lantic and St. Lawrence Railroad Company. Died in 
 Portland, Maiue, October 11, 1857. 
 
 Prentiss, John H. — He was born in Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, April 17, 1784 ; was bred a printer ; 
 settled in Cooperstown, New York, and in 1808 estab- 
 lished the Preemnn's Journal in that town, which he 
 edited with ability and success until 1849. He was a 
 Representative from New York to the Twenty-fifth 
 and Twenty-sixth Congresses ; and died in Coopers- 
 town, June 26, 1864. 
 
 Prentiss, Sam ael, — ^He was bom in Stonington, 
 Connecticut, March 31, 1783 ; removed vrith his father 
 to Worcester, Massachusetts, and subsequently to 
 Northfield, where he commenced the study of law. 
 He completed his professional studies in Brattleboro", 
 Vermont, and commenced practice at Montpelier in 
 1803, where he soon attained success, and became one 
 of the foremost men of the bar. In 1824 and 1835 he 
 represented Montpelier in the State Legislature. In 
 1829 he was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, having several years before de- 
 clined the office of Associate Justice of that Court. 
 He vi'as a Senator in Congress from Vermont from 
 1831 to 1843. While Senator he did much to effect 
 the passage of the law against duelling in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. In 1843 he was appointed Judge 
 of the Federal District Court in Vermont, which 
 office he held at the time of his death. He received 
 the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont. 
 He died in Montpelier, Vermont, January 15, 1857. 
 He left ten sons, all of whom, excepting one, were 
 members of his own profession. 
 
 Prentiss, Sertjeanf ,*>.— Was born in Portland, 
 Maine, September 30, 1808, and died at Longwood, 
 near Natchez, Mississippi, July 1, 1850. He graduated 
 at Bowdoin College in 1826, when, after studying law 
 at Gorham, he removed to Mississippi, and passed two 
 years as tutor in a private family. He studied law at 
 Natchez, and, on removing to Vicksburg, became from 
 the start the leader of the bar in his adopted State, 
 acquiring by his profession a large property. He en- 
 tered into politics, was elected to the State Legislature 
 in 1835, and in 1837 was chosen a Representative in 
 Congress for the years 1838 and 1839. From that 
 period until the close of his life he was devoted 
 wholly to his profession, appearing frequently in 
 Court in New Orleans ; and as a Jury orator, he was 
 acknowledged as having no equal in the South-west- 
 ern States. 
 
 Preston, Francis, — He was a member of Con- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 345 
 
 gress from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797, and died at 
 Columbia, South Carolina, May 26, 1833, whither he 
 had gone upon a visit to his son, the distinguished 
 William C. Preston. He was in the seventieth year of 
 his age. 
 
 JPresfoii, Isaac Trimble. — Born in Virginia, 
 in 1793 ; graduated at Yale College in 1812 ; studied 
 law at Litchfield, Connecticut ; was a Captain in the 
 war of 1812 ; subsequently completed his legal 
 studies with William Wirt ; removed to New Orleans, 
 where he practiced with great suocess, and was a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana at the 
 time of his death, which occurred in consequence of 
 a steamboat disaster on Lake Pontchartrain, near New 
 Orleans, July 5, 1852. 
 
 Preston, Jacob A, — He was bom in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State, 
 from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Presto}!, James P. — Bom in 1775 ; graduated 
 at William and Mary College in 1795. Appointed 
 Lieutenant Colonel of the Twelfth Infantry in 1813 ; 
 Colonel of the twenty-third Infantry in 1813, and at 
 the battle of Chrystler's Field received a wound 
 which crippled him for life. For many years he was 
 Postmaster of the City of Richmond He was Gover- 
 nor of Virginia from 1816 to 1819. Died at Smithfield, 
 Virginia, May 4, 1843. 
 
 Preston, William. — He was bom near Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky, October 16, 1816 ; was liberally edu- 
 cated at St. Joseph's College, Kentucky, in New 
 Haven, and at Harvard University ; he settled in the 
 practice of law, at Louisville, and remained there 
 until the Mexican war, when he went to Mexico as a 
 Lieuteuant-Cnlonel of the Kentucky Volunteers ; he 
 served in the Convention called to frame anew the 
 Constitution of Kentucky ; in 18-50 and 1851 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; he was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1852, voting for Scott ; was elected a Rep- 
 resentative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-second 
 Congress, for the unexpired term of Humphrey Mar 
 shall, resigned ; and was elected to the Thirty-third 
 Congress ; was a member of the " Cincinnati Conven 
 tion " which nominated Mr. Buchanan in 185G ; and 
 In 1858 was ajjpointed by President Buchanan Minis 
 ter to Spain. On his returu in 1861, he took part in 
 the Rebellion, and was a Brigadier-General ; and 
 after the war, in 1868, he was elected to the State 
 Legislature. 
 
 Preston, William B. — He was born in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1847 to 1849 ; and Secretary of the Navy 
 under President Taylor in 1849 and 1830. He took 
 part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Con 
 federate Congress. He died in Montgomery County, 
 Virginia, November 16, 1863. 
 
 Preston, William €. — Was born December 27 
 1794, in Philadelphia, while his father was attending 
 Congress at that place as a member from Virginia. His 
 maternal grandmother was the sister of Patrick Henry. 
 He was educated at the University of South Carolina. 
 In 1812 he graduated, and returned to Virginia, where 
 he studied law in the office of William Wirt at Rich 
 mond. In 1816 he went to Europe, and after visiting 
 France, England, and Switzerland, resided for some 
 time in Edinburgh, where he attended the lectures of 
 Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In 1819 he returned to 
 the United States, and being admitted to the bar in 
 1821, commenced the practice of law in Virginia. In 
 1833 he removed to Columbia, in South Carolina, 
 where he continued the practice of his profession with 
 great distinction and success. In 1832 he was elected 
 to the Senate of the United States from South Caro- 
 20 
 
 Una, where he assumed a high position as a debater. 
 In 1843 he resigned his place in the Senate, and re- 
 turned to the practice of his profession in South Car- 
 olina. In 1855 he became President of the Univer- 
 sity of South Carolina, which office he filled with 
 great credit until he was forced to resign in conse- 
 quence of ill-health, after which time he lived in re- 
 tirement. Died at Columbia, South Carolina, Maj' 22, 
 1860. 
 
 Prevost, John S. — He was appointed in 1804 a 
 Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Orleans. 
 
 Price, Hirain. — He was born in Washington 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1814 ; is President 
 of the State Bank of Iowa ; and in 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as a member of 
 the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Commit- 
 tees. 
 
 Price, Hodman M. — Born in Sussex County, 
 New Jersey, November 5. 1816. He attended Prince- 
 ton College until his health compelled him to retire, 
 and he devoted .some attention to the study of law ; 
 was appointed Purser in the Navy in 1840 ; is .said to 
 have been the first person to exercise judicial func- 
 tions under the American flag, on the Pacific coast, 
 as Alcalde ; in 1848 was made Navy Agent for the 
 Pacific coast; was a Representative in Congress, from 
 his native State, from 1851 to 1853 ; and subsequently 
 elected Governor of New Jersey. He cansrd tlie es- 
 tablishment, in that State, of a Normal School, and 
 has done much to improve tljf militia of the State, 
 ongress" of 1861. 
 
 nas aone mucu to improve the mil 
 He was a Delegate to the " I??ace C 
 
 Price, Sterling, — He was born in Virginia ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Missouri 
 from 1845 to 1847, and Governor of that State from 
 1853 to 1857 ; was identified with the great Rebellion 
 of 1861 as a Major-General. 
 
 Price, Thomas i.— He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress. He was also a Delegate to the "Chicago 
 Convention " of 1864 ; and to the Philadelphia '' Na- 
 tional Union Convention " of 1866 ; died in Lexing- 
 ton, Missouri, July 15, 1870. 
 
 Price, William C. — He was appointed in 1860 
 Treasurer of the United States, and only held the 
 office until 1861. 
 
 Price, William P. — Born in Dahlonega, Geor- 
 gia, January 29, 1835 ; worked at the printers' trade ; 
 entered Purman University at Greenville, South Ca- 
 rolina, in 1854, but left, without graduating, to take 
 charge of a newspaper ; studied law ; admitted to the 
 bar in 1856, at Charleston ; practiced law at Green- 
 ville ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1864, 
 1865, and 1866 ; returned to Georgia in 1866 ; was a 
 member of the Legislature of Georgia in 1868 ; and 
 elected to the Forty-first, and re-elected to the Forty- 
 secinid Congress, serving on several Committees. 
 
 Prickett, Henry E. — He was appointed in 
 January, 1876, an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for the Territory of Idaho. 
 
 Prince, Charles H. — Born in Buckfield, Oxford 
 County, Maine, May 9, 1837 ; worked at his father's 
 farm in summer, and taught a district school in win- 
 ter ; in 1859 he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was 
 
346 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 for a time Postmaster of Buck field ; in 1862 he raised 
 a military company, and was commissioned as a Cap- 
 tain ; in 18G(J lie was made Cashier of the Freed- 
 meu's Savings and Trust Company at Augusta, in 
 Georgia ; in 1867 he was a Superintendent of Freed- 
 men's schools, and also a member of the State Con- 
 stitutional Convention ; and in 1868 he was elected a 
 Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on the Interior De- 
 partment. 
 
 Prince, Oliver H. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Georgia during the years 1828 and 1829, 
 and lost at sea October 9, 1837, in the steamer Home. 
 He was a lawyer by profession, and published a Di- 
 gest of the Laws of Georgia. 
 
 Prince, William, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to 1824, having 
 died in Princeton, Indiana before the expiration of 
 his term, September 8, 1834. 
 
 JPrindle, Elizur H.—He was born in Newton, 
 Connecticut. May 6, 1839 received an academic edu- 
 cation ; studied law ; was District Attorney of Chen- 
 ango County, New York, in 1860, 1861, and 1863 ; was 
 a member of the State Assembly in 1863 ; of the 
 State Constitutional Convention in 1867 ; and elected 
 to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Revolutionary Pensions and Territories. 
 
 Pringle, Benjamin, — Born in Richfield, Otse- 
 go County, New York, Noveml:ier 9, 1807 ; received 
 a good English and classical education ; studied law, 
 and practiced for several years, but relinquished the 
 profes.sion on being made President and financial offi- 
 cer of the Bank of Genesee, at Batavia. He held the 
 office of Judge of the County Courts of Genesee for 
 five years ; and served one year in the State As- 
 sembly ; and he was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gresses. He was ajjpointed by President Lincoln 
 Judge of the Court of Arbitration at Cape Town, 
 under the Treaty with Great Britain of 1863. 
 
 Pro/if, George IT, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Indiana from 1839 to 1843 ; and in 
 1843 was United States Minister to Brazil. He died 
 at Louisville, Kentucky, September 5, 1847. 
 
 Prosser, William F. — Born In Williamsport, 
 Pennsylvania, March 16, 1834 ; received a common- 
 school education, and studied law ; taught a public 
 school for two years ; went to California in 1854, and 
 engaged in mining and mercantile pursuits, and 
 served there in the volunteer Indian service ; served 
 in the war for the Union, entering the army as a 
 jirivate in 1861, and coming out as a Colonel in 1865. 
 having been in many battles in the army of the Cum- 
 berland ; after the war he settled upon a farm near 
 Nashville ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1867 ; also a Director of the Tennessee and Pacific 
 Railroad Company ; iu 1868 Director of the Edgefield 
 and Kentucky Railroad ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Tennessee to the Forty-first Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, 
 and Roads and Canals. 
 
 Priii/n, John V. L, — He was born in Albany, 
 New Y'ork, was chiefly educated at private schools, 
 and received the degree of LL. D. from Rutgers Col- 
 lege, New Jersey ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in Albany in 1832 ; in 1835 he was Counsel and Di- 
 rector of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, and sub- 
 sequently became Treasurer of the New York Central 
 Railroad Company ; he was also a Master in Chancery 
 during the Governorship of W. L. Marcy ; in 1844 
 was made a member of the Board of Regents ; and in 
 
 1863 Chancellor of the University of New York ; and 
 was a State Senator in 1863. At a special election, in 
 1863, he was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the resignation of Erastus Corning, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Claims ; re-elected to the 
 Fortieth Congress, and was placed on the Library 
 Committee, and that on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Pruyu, Robert II, — He was a citizen of New 
 York, and in 1861 he was appointed Minister Resi- 
 dent to Japan, and resigned the office in 1865. 
 
 Pry or, Itoger A, — Born in Dinwiddle County, 
 Virginia, July 19, 1838 ; graduated at Hampden Sid- 
 ney College in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law, 
 but relinquished the practice on account of his 
 health ; in 1851 became an editor in Petersburg ; in 
 1853 connected himself with the Wnsliington Union as 
 writer ; in 1853 he joined the Bichmond Enquirer ; 
 in 1855 he was appointed by President Pierce a 
 Special Commissioner to Greece, to adjust certain 
 difficulties with that country ; on his return he esta- 
 blished a political journal called The South, which 
 stopped in eighteen months ; was connected for four 
 months with the Washington States ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Comniittee on the 
 District of Columbia. He took part in the Rebellion 
 as a member of the Confederate Congres.'*, and also as 
 Brigadier-General ; and in November, 1864, he was 
 captured by the Union troops, and imprisoned in Fort 
 Lafayette, but soon afterwards released. He subse- 
 quently settled in Tennessee and in New York. 
 
 Pitgh, George Ellis. — Bom in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 November 38, 1823 ; graduated at Miami University 
 in 1840, and is a lawyer by profession. He was Cap- 
 tain in the Fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, in 
 the Mexican war, in 1847 ; Representative in the 
 Legislature in 1848 and 1849 ; was appointed Solici- 
 tor to the City of Cincinnati in 1850 ; was Attorney- 
 General of the State in 1851 ; and elected a Senator 
 in Congress from March 4, 1855, for six years, and 
 was a member of the Committee on Public Lands, 
 and on the Judiciary. 
 
 Pugh, tiames L. — Bom in Burke County, Geor- 
 gia, in 1830 : received an academical education ; 
 adopted the profe.ssion of law, and removing to Ala- 
 bama, was elected a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the Library. He was also a Presidential Elector 
 in 1856. Withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in 
 the Rebellion of that year. 
 
 Pugh, John, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1809. 
 
 Piirdg, Smith 31. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Ptirman, JVilliam ,7, — He was bom in Centre 
 County, Pennsylvania, April 11, 1840 ; received a lib- 
 eral education, and studied law ; entered the army as 
 a private, and served on special duty at the War De- 
 partment, and in Florida ; was a member of the Con- 
 stitutional Convention in 1868 ; soon elected to the 
 State Senate ; was Secretary of State in 1868 ; Judge 
 of Jackson County Court in 1868 ; re-elected to the 
 State Senate in 1869 ; was Assessor of United States 
 Internal Revenue for Florida, in 1870 ; was Chaimian 
 of the Republican State Executive Committee in 1873 ; 
 and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Purviance, Samuel A, — Bom in Butler, Penn- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 347 
 
 sylvania, November 8, 1809. He was a student of 
 Washington College but did not graduate ; Is a law- 
 yer by profession, and has practiced for twenty-five 
 years ; was a member of the Convention to amend the 
 State Constitution in 1836, and served in the Legisla- 
 ture in 1838 and 1839 ; was a member of the Elector- 
 al College in 1848 ; and a Representative from Penn- 
 sj'lvania in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. He 
 was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866. 
 
 Purviance, Saxiiiel D. — A member of Con- 
 gress from North Carolina from 1803 to 1805. 
 
 Purijenr, liicJinrfl C. — He was born in Meck- 
 lenburg, Virginia, February 9, 1801 ; received a good 
 English education ; has spent the most of his life en- 
 gaged in merchandising and farming. In 1S38 having 
 removed to North Carolina, he was elected to the 
 Legislature of that State ; in 1840 to the State Senate ; 
 in 1844, 1846, and 1853, he was again chosen to the 
 Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from North Carolina from 1803 to 1857. He took part 
 in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confeder- 
 ate Congress. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 ' ' National Union Convention "of 1866. 
 
 Putnam, Harvei/. — For many years a leading 
 member of the Genesee County bar ; was elected sev- 
 eral times to both branches of the New York Legisla- 
 ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1847 to 1851. He died in Attica, New 
 York, September 21, 1855, aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Putnam., Pllfiis. — Born at Sutton, Massachu- 
 setts, April 9, 1738 ; he was a millwright by trade, 
 but left that business to enter the army during the 
 campaigns of 1757 and 1760 ; at the surrender of Mon- 
 treal, he settled in New Braintree, Massachusetts, to 
 pursue his trade, devoting his leisure hours to the 
 study of mathematics, navigation, and surveying. In 
 1773 he sailed to East Florida to survey lands that had 
 been granted by Parliament to the soldiers who had 
 served in the French War, and was appointed Gov- 
 ernment Deputy Surveyor of the Province. On his 
 return to Massachusetts, he was made Lieutenant- 
 Colonel in David Brewster's Regiment ; by his ability 
 as an engineer in the defense of Roxbury, he was ap- 
 pointed, through the influence of Washington, Chief 
 Engineer of all the defenses in New York in 1776, 
 with the rank of Colonel ; from some dissatisfaction, 
 he left the corps to take command of the Fifth Mas- 
 sachusetts Regiment, and he was attached to the 
 Northern Army, and distinguished himself at Still- 
 water. In 1778, with his cousin. General Putnam, he 
 superintended the construction of fortifications at 
 West Point, and in 1783 was made Brigadier-General ; 
 and was Aid to General Lincoln during Shay's Rebel- 
 lion ; in 1788 was Superintendent of the Ohio Com- 
 pany, and he founded Marietta ; in 1789 was Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of North-west Territory ; in 1793 
 was Brigadier-General of Wayne's Army ; and in 
 1793, as United States Commissioner, he concluded an 
 important treaty mth eight tribes of Indians at Vin- 
 cennes. From 1793 to 1803 was United States Survey- 
 or-General ; and was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of Ohio. Died in Marietta, Ohio, May 4, 
 1824. 
 
 Putnam, Samuel. — Bom in Danvers, Massa- 
 chusetts, April 13, 1768 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1787 ; studied law, and commenced to 
 practice in Salem in 1790, attaining a high position at 
 the Essex County bar. He was State Senator from 
 Essex in 1808, 1809, 1813, and 1814 ; and a Represent- 
 ative in 1812 ; from 1814 to 1842 was Judge of the 
 
 Massachusetts Supreme Court. He died at Somer- 
 ville, Massachusetts, July 3, 1853. 
 
 Quat-les, Jantes M. — Born in Louisa County, 
 Virginia, February 8, 1833 ; removed with his father 
 to Kentucky in 1833 ; received a common-school edu- 
 cation ; adojjted the profession of law ; on removing 
 to Tennessee in 1846, he became Attorney-General of 
 the Tenth District ; was a Presidential Elector in 1853 ; 
 and was elected a Representative from Tennessee to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the Milita. 
 
 Quarles, Tunstall. — He was born in Virginia ; 
 was a Re]>resentative in Congress from Kentucky 
 from 1817 to 1820, and was subsequently Receiver of 
 Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 
 
 Quinci/, tfosiah. — Born in Boston, Massachu- 
 setts, February 4, 1772. He graduated at Harvard in 
 1790, and entered ou the practice of law in Boston. 
 In 1804 he was chosen a Representative from Boston 
 in the Congress of the United States, and held that 
 station eight successive years, until he declined a re- 
 election in 1813. He was chosen State Senator for 
 Suffolk from 1814 to 1831 ; Representative from 
 Boston, and was Speaker of the House in 1820 ; was 
 a member of the Convention of 1820 to revise the 
 State Constitution ; Judge of the Municipal Court in 
 Boston in 1831 and 1822 ; and Mayor of Boston in 
 1823. He held the ofBce of Mayor six successive 
 years, until he declined a re-election in December, 
 1828. In 1829 lie was chosen President of Harvard 
 University, and held that office until his resignation 
 in 1845, and he received from that institution the de- 
 gree of LL. D. in 1824. His published works are 
 " Speeches in Congress, and Orations on Various Oc- 
 casions," " Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jr. , of Massa- 
 chusetts," " Centennial Address on the Two Hun- 
 dredth Anniversary of the Settlement of Boston," " A 
 History of Harvard University from 1636 to 1836," 
 " Memoir of James Grahame, Historian of the United 
 States Army," •'Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw," 
 " History of the Boston Athenaeum," "A Mnnicipal 
 Historv of the Town and City of Boston from 1630 to 
 1830,"'" The Life of John Quincy Adams," and " Es- 
 says ou the Selling of Cattle." Died in Boston, July 
 1, 1864. 
 
 Quitman, John A. — He was the son of Rev. 
 F. H. Quitman, D.D., and was born in Rhinebeck, 
 Dutchess County, New York, September 1, 1799; had 
 a liberal education ; studied theology, but preferred 
 the law, and in his twentieth year was a Professor of 
 Law in Mount Airy College, Pennsylvania. In 1820 
 he emigrated to Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of 
 that State, but soon afterwards, in 1821, removed to 
 Natchez, Mississippi. In 1837 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; in 1838 was appointed Chancellor 
 of the State, serving three years; ser\-ed as a Dele- 
 gate to a " State Constitutional Convention ;" in 1835 
 he was elected to the State Senate, and, as President 
 of that body, was called upon to perform the duties 
 of Governor; in 1836 he distinguished himself as a 
 soldier and leader in behalf of Texas against Mexico; 
 in 1839 he visited Europe on Business for the Missis- 
 sijipi Railroad ; on his return was appointed Judge of 
 the High Court of Errors and Appeals ; he served 
 with distinction in the Mexican War, and was for a 
 time the American Governor of Mexico; had a horse 
 shot from under him at Monterey ; commanded at 
 Victoria ; was at Vera Cruz and Ojo Del Agua ; com- 
 mi.'isioned by the President Major-General in the 
 army ; he also acquitted him.self with great credit at 
 Chapultepec ; and was one of the first to enter the 
 City of Mexico ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; 
 he was Governor of Mississippi in 18.50 ; and in 1855 
 he was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 
348 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 Mississippi, aud re-elected in 1857, serving both terms 
 at tlie head of tlie Committee on Military Affairs. 
 By virtue of liis experience and strict integrity he 
 ever commanded the respect of all, and the kindness 
 of liis heart and amiable manners won for him troops 
 of friends among all parties. He was spoken of ou 
 two occasions as the Democratic candidate for Vice- 
 President, and was the recognized leader of those 
 favorable to the annexation of Cuba. He died at his 
 residence in Mississippi, July 17, 1858. 
 
 MabiifH, Willinni. — Bom in Halifax County, 
 North Carolina, April 8, 1771 ; removed to Hancock 
 County, Georgia, at the age of fifteen, where with 
 slight advantages for education he gained a high 
 position in the State. He was a Judge of the Infe- 
 rior Court and a member of the Assembly, and State 
 Senate ; was Governor of Georgia from 1817 to 1819. 
 Died in Hancock County, October 23, 1819. 
 
 Marlford, Williani. — Was born in Poughkeep- 
 
 sie, Dutchess County, New York, June 24, 1814 ; re- 
 ceived a good common-school education ; settled in 
 New York City in 1829, and was for a long time en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits ; and in 1862 he was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Elections and the Postal Railroad to New York. 
 Died at Yonkers, January 18, 1870. 
 
 Hafjuet, Condi/. — Bom in Philadelphia, January 
 28, 1784 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia, studied law, but entered a counting house, and 
 at the age of twenty was sent as supercargo of a 
 vessel to St. Domingo. In 1805, after a second voy- 
 age, he published "A short Account of St. Domingo, 
 and a Circumstantial Account of the Massacre there." 
 In 1806 he became one of the founders and managers 
 of the Philadelphia Saving Fund ; was President of 
 the Pennsylvania Lift Annuity Company, and also of 
 the Chamber of Commerce. In 1812 took an active 
 part in the defense of Philadelphia ; in 1815 was a 
 member of the Assembly, and afterward of the State 
 Senate. In 1822 was United States Consul at Rio 
 Janeiro, and negotiated a treaty with Brazil to which 
 he was tlie first Charge de Affaires, and held the po- 
 sition for five years. On his return home, became 
 editor of several journals, was a member of the 
 American Philosophical Society ; a contributor to the 
 Portfolio, published "Principles of Free Trade," 
 8vo, 1836 ; " A Treatise on Currency and Banking" 
 in 1839 ; which was republished in London, and 
 translated into French, and published in Paris in 
 1840. Received the Degree of LL.D. from St. Mary's 
 College, Baltimore. Died in Philadelphia, March 22, 
 1842. 
 
 Saineii, JToseph II. — He was bom in George- 
 town, South Carolina, in Slavery, June 21, 1832. He 
 acquired a good education, and improved his mind by 
 observation and travel. His father was a barber, and 
 he followed that occupation at Charleston till 1802, 
 when he escaped to the West Indies, where he re- 
 mained until the close of the war, and returned to his 
 native town. He was elected a Delegate to the State 
 Constitutional Convention of 1868, was a member of 
 the State Senate in 1870, and elected to the Forty- 
 first, Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth 
 Congresses, serving ou the Committees on Freedmen's 
 Affairs and Indian Affairs. 
 
 Unnisay, David. — Bom in Pennsylvania, April 
 2, 1749 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1765 ; 
 aud, having studied medicine in Philadelphia, re- 
 ceived a Diploma from the Medical College of that 
 city in 1772. After a short sojourn in Maryland he 
 
 removed to Soxtth Carolina in 1773, and settled in 
 Charleston, where he attained eminence in his profes- 
 sion. He served in the Carolina Legislature during 
 the whole Revolutionary war ; also in the army as 
 surgeon ; and published much in behalf of the Amer- 
 ican cause. He was one of the Privy Council and 
 was banished to St. Augustine ; and he was a Dele- 
 gate to Congress from 1782 to 1784, and again from 
 1785 to 1786 ; and was temporary President during 
 the sickness of Hancock. In 1785 he published the 
 "Historj' of the Revolution in South Carolina ; " in 
 1790 the " Historv of the American Revolution ;" in 
 1801 a "Life of Washington ;" in 1808 a "History 
 of South Carolina;" and he also wrote a "History 
 of the United States," and a "Universal History," 
 which were published after his death. He died 
 May 7, 1815, from a wound received in the street 
 from a maniac. 
 
 SaiiiSfli/. Nafhanicl. — He was a Revolution- 
 ary Patriot of Maryland ; graduated at New Jersey 
 College in 1767. He was severely wounded at the 
 battle of Monmouth, while checking the British col- 
 umn until Washington could rally his troops ; made 
 prisoner at Charleston ; exchanged December 14, 
 1780 ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1785 to 1787. He died October 
 25, 1817. He was a brother of David, the historian. 
 
 Ramsay, Itoherf. — He was bom in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Itamiiey. Alerander, — He was bom in Dau- 
 phin County, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, »Sep- 
 tember 8, 1815 ; was a Clerk in the office of the Re- 
 gister of that county in 1828 ; was Secretary of the 
 Electoral College of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; in 1841 
 was elected Clerk of the State House of Representa- 
 tives ; was a Representati ve in Congress from Penn- 
 sylvania from 1843 to 1847 ; and was Chairman in 
 1848 of the State Central Committee of Pennsylva- 
 nia. In 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor 
 the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, holding 
 the office until 1853, during which service he took 
 part in 1849 in negotiating a treaty at Mendota for the 
 extinction of the title of the Sioux half-breeds to the 
 lands on Lake Pepin ; and in 1851 he negotiated 
 another treaty with the Sioux nation, by which the 
 government acquired all the lands in Minnesota west 
 of the Mississippi River, and opened that State to 
 the large population now settled there ; and also 
 made a treaty with the Chippewa Indians on Red 
 River, which he followed up with another iu 1863. 
 In 1855 he was Mayor of the City of St. Paul, and 
 was elected Governor of the State of Minnesota in 
 1838; continuing in that office until 1862. In 1863 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Minnesota, 
 for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Naval Affairs, Post-Offices and Post-Roads, 
 Patents, and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Sen- 
 ate, Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Revolutionary Pensions, and of those also 
 on Revolutionary Claims, Post-Otfices and Post-Roads, 
 and Territories. He was also a member of the Na- 
 tional Committee appointed to accompany the re- 
 mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Re-elected 
 for thi- term ending in 1875. 
 
 Samsei/, Jf'ilfiam. — Bom at Sterrett's Gap, 
 Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 7, 
 1779. In 1803 he was appointed Surveyor of his na- 
 tive county, an office held by his father during the 
 Revolution ; and he also held the offices of Protho- 
 notary. Register, Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans' 
 Court ; studied law and practiced with success. In 
 1826 he was elected a member of Congress from 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 349 
 
 Pennsylvania ; re-elected in 1S28 and 1830, and died 
 in September, 1831, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Ramsey, ITllliam S. — Born in Carlisle, Penn- 
 sylvania, June 12, 1810 ; was educated at Dickinson 
 College, but, on account of bad health, did not gradu- 
 ate ; he traveled in Europe ; was an attache to the 
 American Legation iu London, and formed the ac- 
 quaintance of Walter Scott and General Lafayette ; 
 returning to Carlisle, he was admitted to the bar in 
 1832 ; elected a Representative to Congress in 1838 ; 
 re-elected in 1810, but died in Baltimore, October 17, 
 1810, a few weeks after his election. 
 
 Randall, Alexander. — He was born in Mary- 
 land, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Randall, Alexander W. — He was born in 
 Montgomery County, Nevr York, in October, 1819 ; 
 received a good education, and studied law ; removed 
 to Wisconsin in 1840 ; practiced bis profession for 
 many years at Waukesha ; was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Taylor Postmaster of that place ; in 1854 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; in 1856 he was ap- 
 pointed Judge of the Second Judicial District of the 
 State ; in 1857 and 1859 he was elected Governor of 
 Wisconsin ; early in 1861 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln Minister Resident to Italy ; on his re- 
 turn at the close of the war he was appointed Assis- 
 tant Postmaster-General, and in 1866 he entered 
 President Johnson's Cabinet as Postmaster-General ; 
 was subsequently engaged iu prosecuting claims be- 
 fore the General Government. Died at Elmira, New 
 York, July 25, 1872. 
 
 Randall, Archibald.— He studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1818, and practiced with suc- 
 cess for more than twenty-five years. In 1834 he was 
 appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; in 
 1843, Judge of the United States District Court for the 
 Eastern District of Pennsylvania ; and in 1844 pre- 
 sided over both the District and Circuit Courts. His 
 decisions in bankruptcy are in the Pennsylvania Law 
 Journal, from 1842 to 1846. He died in Philadelphia, 
 May 30, 1846, aged 46 years. 
 
 Randall, Benjamin. — He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts in 1789 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 
 1809; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1814, and commenced practice in Bath, Maine, where 
 he resided forty-five years. He was a member of the 
 State Senate in 1833, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maine from 1839 to 1843, and a member of 
 the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was ap- 
 pointed by President Taylor Collector of the Port of 
 Bath, and died at that place, October 14, 1857. 
 
 Randall, Samuel JT. — Was born in Philadel- 
 phia, October 10, 1838 ; educated in that city ; was 
 brought up a merchant, and has ever been engaged 
 in that pursuit ; served four years in the Councils of 
 his native city ; one term in the State Senate ; and in 
 1862 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re- 
 elected to the Tliirty-uinth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Banking and Currency, and Expendi- 
 tures in the State Department, and Retrenchment. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Retrenchment and on the Assassina- 
 tion of President Lincoln, as well as his old commit- 
 tees. Re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses, 
 serving on the Committees on Rules, Banking, and 
 Elections ; and at the o]5euing of the Forty-fourth 
 Congress he was a prominent though unsuccessful 
 candidate for Speaker. In December, 1873, he was 
 
 appointed Chairman of the Committee on Appropria- 
 tions. It has been mentioned to his honor that at the 
 commencement of the Rebellion he enlisted as a pri- 
 vate soldier in the volunteer army, went to the front 
 with his company and while thus serving under Col- 
 onel George H. Thomas, was elected to Congress, and 
 that he was one of the first to propose that Colonel 
 Thomas should be made a Brigadier-General. 
 
 Randall, T. — He was a native of Maryland, well 
 educated, and a lawyer by profession ; and having re- 
 moved to Tallahassee, Florida, was appointed United 
 States Judge for that Territory, holding the position 
 until 1833. 
 
 Randall, William, IT.— Was born in Ken- 
 tucky ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; in 
 18-36 was appointed Clerk of the Circuit and County 
 Court of Laurel County, which position he held until 
 1851 ; after the adoption of the State Constitution, he 
 held the office one year by election ; and was elected 
 a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Af- 
 fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Ex- 
 penditures on the Public Buildings. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Convention " 
 of 1866. 
 
 Randolph, Beverlj/. — He graduated at Wil- 
 liam and Mary College in 1771 ; was a member of the 
 Virginia Assembly during the Revolution ; and Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia from 1788 to 1791. Died February, 
 1797, aged forty-three years. 
 
 Randolph, Edmund. — He was a native of 
 Virginia ; was an eminent lawyer and a warm sup- 
 porter of the Revolution. He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from Virginia from 1779 to 
 1783 ; in 1788 was a member of the Convention which 
 formed the Constitution of the United States, liut 
 voted against its adoption. In 1788 was Governor of 
 Virginia. In 1789 %vas Attorney-General of the United 
 States, and in 1794 was Secretary of State ; but en- 
 gaging in an intrigue with the French Minister, he 
 lost the confidence of the cabinet and resigned in 1795. 
 He died September 13, 1813. 
 
 Randolph, James F. — Bom in Middlesex 
 County, New Jersey, June 26, 1791 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; served an apprenticeship to 
 the printing business, and became editor of the Fre- 
 donia, a weekly newspaper, in 1813, and continued in 
 that capacity for thirty years. He was appointed 
 Collector of the Internal Revenue of the United 
 States in 1815, and held that office till the close of 
 the war in Texas. He was subsequently Clerk of the 
 Court of Common Pleas for his native county, and for 
 two years a member of the State Legislature. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1838 to 1833, 
 and was afterwards President of a bank in New 
 Brunswick, New Jersey, for ten years. Died in Jer- 
 sey City, March 19, 1871. 
 
 Randolph, John, of Roanoke. — He was 
 
 bom in Chesterfield, Virginia, June 2, 1773, and 
 claimed descent, through his grandmother, from 
 Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, the great 
 Indian chief. His father died in 1775, leaving three 
 sons and a large estate ; and his mother was married 
 in 1783 to St. George Tucker, who was his guardian 
 during his minority. His early life was spent at dif- 
 ferent places, under different instructors, of most of 
 whom he said " he never learned anj-thing." He 
 passed a short time at Princeton College, Columbia 
 College, and at William and Mary College ; and for a 
 time he studied law with Edmund Randolph. He 
 was elected a Representative in Congress in 1799, 
 
350 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 and he continued a member of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, with the exception of two intervals of two 
 years each, until Iti'i'S ; in that year he was a mem- 
 bea of the Convention to revise the Constitution of 
 Virginia, and he was afterwards appointed Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Russia, by President Jackson, in 
 1830. During one of the intervals alluded to, from 
 183.') to 1827, he was a Senator of the United States. 
 He was never married, and was possessed of a large 
 estate on the Roanoke. He died at Philadelphia, 
 May 24, 1838, wliile about to depart for Europe for 
 the restoration of his feeble health. He was distin- 
 guished alike for his genius, his effective eloquence, 
 a fearful power of sarcasm in debate, and for many 
 eccentricities of thought and manner. He had a 
 quarrel with Henry Clay which resulted in a duel, 
 when he allowed himself to be shot at and then 
 threw away his fire. He was noted for his love ol 
 horses ; and for many years, while attending Con- 
 gress, he resided in (Georgetown, District of Colum- 
 bia, from which he was in the habit of driving to the 
 Capitol in regal style, in a barouche, drawn by four 
 blood-horses. 
 
 Randolph, Joseph Fitz. — Bom in 1803, in 
 New Jersey, and obtained an ordinary school educa- 
 tion, after which he studied law, and was licensed to 
 practice in 1825 ; he settled at Monmouth Court 
 House, and was appointed State's Attorney for the 
 county. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 1837 to 1843, and during one term he was Chairman 
 of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. In 1844 
 he was a member of the Convention which framed 
 the State Constitution ; and in 184.5 was appointed a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, for seven 
 years, after which he resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession at Trenton, where he now resides. He was 
 also a member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861. 
 
 Itandolph, Peter. — He was bom in Maryland, 
 and, on removing to Mississippi, he was appointed a 
 Judge of the United States Court for the District of 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Randolph, Peyton. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and in 1723 was one of the most distinguished 
 lawyers and patriots of that State. In 1756 he was 
 appointed King's Attorney for the Colony of Virginia, 
 aud held the office for many years. In 1766 he was 
 elected Speaker of the House of Burgesses. In 1773 
 was a member of the Committee on Correspondence ; 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 
 to 1775, and was the first President of that body. He 
 died suddenly In Philadelphia, October 22, 1775, aged 
 fifty -two years. • 
 
 lUtndolph, Theodore F. — Bora in New Bruns- 
 wick, New Jersey, June 24, 1826 ; was connected by 
 marriage Avith Chief-Justice Marshall, and cast his 
 first vote in Mississippi ; resided in Hudson County, 
 New Jersey, from 1850 to 1862 ; since which time he 
 has resided in Morristown ; in 1860 was elected to the 
 House of Assembly, and declined the Speakership of 
 that body ; in 1861 was Chairman of the Special Com- 
 mittee on the " Peace Congress," and inaugurated 
 the measure for the relief of the families of soldiers ; 
 in 1861 was elected State Senator, to fill an unexpired 
 term, and re-elected in 1862, serving till 1865 ; in 
 1862 was appointed Commissioner of Draft for Hud- 
 son County ; in 1867 was elected President of the 
 Morris and Essex Railroad Company, which position 
 he still holds. He was elected Governor of New Jersey 
 in 1868 ; caused a repeal of the " Odious Camden and 
 Amboy Monopoly Tax," and established a general 
 railway law ; made the State Prison system self-sup- 
 porting ; suggested the plan for the new State Lunatic 
 Asylum, now, the largest in the world ; also settled a 
 feud of thirty years standing between the Erie and 
 
 Delaware Railroads. Since the expiration of that 
 office he has been engaged in farming and mining. 
 He was elected United States Senator from New Jer- 
 sey in 1874 for six years, and is a member of the 
 ' ' National Democratic Convention " from New Jersey. 
 
 Randolph, Thomas Mann. — He was a native 
 of Virginia ; was appointed Colonel of the Twentieth 
 Infantry in 1813 ; was Governor of Virginia from 
 1819 to 1822 ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 1803 to 1807. He died at Monticello, June 20, 1828. 
 
 Rankin, Christopher.— lie was born In Wash- 
 ington County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Mississippi from 1819 to 1826. 
 Died March 14, 1826, in Washington City. 
 
 Ransier, Alonzo J. — He was born in Qiarles- 
 ton. South Carolina, in January, 1834 ; was self-edu- 
 cated and employed as shipping-clerk ; was one of 
 the foremost in the work of reconstruction in 1865 ; a 
 member of a "Convention of the Friends of Equal 
 Rights " in October, 1865, at Charleston, and was 
 deputed to present the memorial there framed to 
 Congress ; elected to the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of 1868 ; to the State Legislature in 1868 ; Chair- 
 man of the State Republican Committee, which posi- 
 tion he held until 1872 ; was elected a Presidential 
 Elector in 1868 ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1870 ; was 
 President of the Convention at Columbia in 1871 ; a 
 Vice-President of the " Philadelphia Convention" in 
 1872 ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 Ransom, Epajt/iroditiis. — He was bom in 
 
 Massachusetts ; received a collegiate education ; and 
 having studied law, was admitted to the bar in his 
 native State. He removed to Michigan about the 
 time that it became a State and settled at Kalamazoo ; 
 he served a number of years in the Legislature ; was 
 Judge of the Supreme Court, where his field of labor 
 was very extensive ; and subsequently, taking a 
 special interest in the building of plank roads in his 
 section of country, he became involved, and in that 
 manner lost the bulk of his property. He resigned 
 his Judgeship in 1845 ; and his term of service as 
 Governor of the State was from 1847 to 1849 ; and 
 he afterwards made himself useful to the State by 
 acting as President of the Michigan Agricultural So- 
 ciety. By President Buchanan he was appointed Re- 
 ceiver of the Land Office for one of the districts of 
 Kansas, and died there before the expiration of his 
 term. He was a man of sound sense, and left a 
 worthy reputation in Michigan. He was on several 
 occasions appointed a Regent of the State University. 
 
 Ransom, Mathew W. — Was bom in Warren 
 
 County, North Carolina, October 8, 1826 ; received an 
 academic education ; graduated at the University of 
 North Carolina in 1847 ; studied law and came to the 
 bar in 1847 ; was elected Attorney-General of North 
 Carolina in 18.52, and resigned in 1855 ; was a member 
 of the Legislature in 1858, 1859, and 1860 ; was a 
 Peace Commissioner from the State to the Congress of 
 Southern States at Montgomery, Alabama, in 1861 ; 
 entered the Confederate Army, and was Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, Brigadier-General, and Major-General, and 
 surrendered at Appomattox ; was elected to the 
 United States Senate in 1872 for the temi ending 
 in 1877, serving on the Committees on Patents, Po- 
 litical Disabilities, Revision of Laws, and Military- 
 Affairs. 
 
 Rantoul, Robert. — Bom in Beverly, Massachu- 
 setts, May 13, 1805. He graduated at Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1826 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar 
 in 1827, and settled in practice in South Reading, and 
 removed to Gloucester in 1832 ; was elected to the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 351 
 
 State Legislature in 1834, and in 1837 a member of 
 the Massachusetts Board of Education. In 1838 he 
 removed to Boston, and in 1843 was appointed Collec- 
 tor of that port ; in 1845 Avas appointed hy President 
 Polk United States District Attorney for Massachu- 
 setts ; in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in the United 
 States Senate, but remained there only a short time ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 
 the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, 
 August 7, 1853. His writings have since been pub- 
 lished in a large volume. 
 
 Sapicf, tTanifS T, — Was born in Florence, Al- 
 abama, in 1840 ; educated in Canada ; appointed 
 Notary Public in 1866 ; was a member of the first 
 Republican Convention held in Alabama ; represented 
 Lauderdale County in the Constitutional Convention 
 in 1867 ; was appointed assessor of Internal Revenue 
 in 1871 ; was State Commissioner to the Vienna Ex- 
 position in 1873 ; and was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Education 
 and" Labor. Re-elected to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Ilariftenj Jam en, — He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and was an early settler of the \^^lite Water 
 Valley, Indiana ; he was self-educated, and became 
 eminent as a lawyer. He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1841, and died at 
 Cambridge City in that State. 
 
 Haflibiin, George. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Soiint, Green B. — He was bom in Golconda, 
 Pope County, Illinois, December 3, 1839 ; received a 
 good education and adopted the profession of the 
 law ; in 1861 he participated in the war for the Union 
 as Major of the Fifty-sixth Illinois Volunteers ; was 
 promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1863 : to the rank 
 of Brevet Brigadier-General in 1864 ; to the full rank 
 of Brigadier in 1865, serving in the army of the Ten- 
 nessee until January of the latter year ; he command- 
 ed a brigade dining the siege of Vicksburg, with 
 Genera! JlcPherson ; went with General Sherman to 
 Chattanooga in 1863, commanding a brigade ; was at 
 the battle of Mission Ridge, and commanded a brig- 
 ade during the great march through Georgia and Sa- 
 vannah, in 1864. In 1866 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Illinois to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Military 
 Affairs. 
 
 Hawfins, •JoJin A, — Bom in Galena, fllinois, 
 Febuary 13, 1831 ; received an academical education ; 
 studied' law and came to the bar in 1854 ; from the 
 outset of the Rebellion, he espoused the Union cause; 
 went upon the Staff of his personal friend General 
 Grant as Assistant Adjutant-General ; after seeing 
 much service in the field, he rose by degrees to the 
 rank «f Major-General by brevet, commissioned as 
 such March 13, 1865 ; served as Chief of Staff to the 
 General commanding the armies ; and on the accession 
 of General Grant to the Presidency, General Rawlins 
 was appointed Secretary of War. Died in Washing- 
 ton, September 6, 1869. 
 
 Itfiif. flames B. — He was Governor of Indiana 
 from 1825 to 1831. 
 
 Bay, IVilliani U, — He was born in Dutchess 
 County, New York, December 14, 1813 ; removed to 
 Oneida County in 1813, and in 1834 to Illinois ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; was a merchant 
 and banker ; appointed in 1869 one of the Board of 
 Equalizers ; and was elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Baymond, Henry fT,—Yle was bom in Lima, 
 Livingston County, New York, January 24, 1830. As 
 a boy he worked upon his father's farm in summer, 
 and attended school in winter ; became a teacher in a 
 district school when sixteen years of age ; graduated 
 at the University of Vermont in 1840 ; soon after- 
 wards removed to New York City, and while study- 
 ing law, taught the classics and wrote for the Ntw 
 Yorker ; in 1841 he became the managing editor of 
 the New York Tribune, and did much for its reputa- 
 tion, and subsequently became the leading editor of 
 the New York Courier nnd Enqvirer, performing at 
 the same time the duties of reader for the fimi of 
 Harper Brothers. In 1849 he was elected to the 
 State Assembly ; was re-elected and made Speaker, 
 and relinquishing his position on the Courier on ac- 
 count of his health, traveled to Europe. On his re- 
 turn in 1851 he established the New York Times, 
 which was eminently successful ; in 1853 he attended 
 the "Baltimore Convention" as a reporter, but be- 
 came a delegate, and took an important part in its 
 proceedings ; in 1856 he became a leader in the Re- 
 publican party ; was subsequently chosen Lieutenant- 
 Governor of New York ; was a Delegate to the " Chi- 
 cago Convention" of 1869 ; was again elected to the 
 State Legislature, and in 1864 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, 
 on Rules, and Foreign Affairs ; and as Chairman of 
 a Special Committee on the Ventilation of the Hall of 
 Representatives. He visited Europe a second time, 
 and wrote a series of war letters, which attracted 
 much attention ; and in 1865 he published a " Life of 
 Abraham Lincoln," including a history of his admin- 
 istration, which was subsequently amplified and 
 published as the " Life, Public Services, and State 
 Papers of Abraham Lincoln." He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " National Convention " of 
 1866. Died in New York, June 18, 1869. 
 
 Bayner, Kenneth, — Born in Bertie County, 
 
 North Carolina, in 1808 ; received an academical edu- 
 cation ; and though he studied law he did not prac- 
 tice. He entered public life in 1835 as a member of 
 the House of Commons, and the same year was a 
 member of the Convention to revise the State Consti- 
 tution. He served again in the local Legislature in 
 1836 and 1838, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1839 to 1845, and a Presidential Elector in 1848. 
 In 1846 he went for the third time into the Legisla- 
 ture. In 1866 he published the " Life and Services 
 of Andrew Johnson." 
 
 Bea, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1811, and again 
 from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Bead, Altnon JT. — He was bom in Shelbume, 
 Vermont, June 13, 1790 ; graduated at Williamstown 
 College ; studied law, and removing to Pennsylvania 
 was frequently elected to the State Legislature ; also 
 to the Senate ; in 1840 was appointed Treasurer of 
 the State ; and in 1841 was elected to fill a vacancy in 
 the National House of Representatives, and re-elected 
 to the succeeding Congress. Died at Montrose, Penn- 
 sylvania, June 3, 1844. He also was a member of the 
 " State Constitutional Convention " of 1836. 
 
 Bead, George. — Bom in Cecil County, Mary- 
 land, in 1733, but with his father removed to New 
 Castle County, Delaware. He was educated for the 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia at 
 the age of nineteen, and practiced his profession in 
 New Castle ; was made Attorney-General of the three 
 lower counties on the Delaware in 1763, and held the 
 office until he was chosen a Delegate to Congress in 
 1775. In 1776 he was a signer of the Declaration of 
 Independence. He was President of the Convention 
 
353 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 whicli formed the first Constitution of Delaware, and 
 also a member of the Convention which framed the 
 Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument ; 
 and was elected a member of the United States Sen- 
 ate, serving from 1789 to 1793. He was then ap- 
 pointed Chief .Justice of the Supreme Court of Dela- 
 ware, in which office he remained until his death in 
 1798. He was one of those who voted for locating the 
 Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 
 Read, J. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania 
 to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. 
 
 Read, Jacob, — He was a Delegate from South 
 Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 
 178G ; elected a Senator in Congress from that State 
 for the term from 1795 to 1803, serving a short time as 
 President •pro tern, of that body ; and was appointed, 
 by President Adams, Judge of the United States Dis- 
 trict Court of South Carolina, in 1801. 
 
 Read, .Tohti 3teredith. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 July 31, 1797 ; graduated at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1813 ; admitted to the bar in 1819 ; was a 
 member of the Legislature in 1823 and 1824 ; City So- 
 licitor of Philadelphia ; appointed Attorney-General 
 of the State in 1848 ; and Judge Advocate of the Court 
 of Inquiry on Commodore Elliot ; Judge of the Supe- 
 rior Court from 1860 ; Vice-President of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Historical Society ; member of the American 
 Philosophical Society ; associate Counsel with Thad- 
 deus Stevens, in 18.51, in defense of C. Hanway for 
 constructive treason ; was the author of a great many 
 addresses, legal opinions, speeches, etc. Received 
 the degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1860. 
 Died in Philadelphia in November, 1874. His son, 
 with same name, was Minister to Greece. 
 
 Read, John 3Ieredifh, — He was born in Phila- 
 delphia in 1837, son of the eminent Judge bearing 
 the same name. He graduated at Brown University 
 in 1858 ; at the Albany Law School in 1859 ; admitted 
 to the bar in Philadeljihia, but settled in Albany ; was 
 Adjutant-General of New York during the Rebellion ; 
 Trustee of Cornell University ; author of a work on 
 "Plants and Animals," one on " Hendrick Hud.son," 
 and also of many miscellaneous writings. He was for- 
 merly Consul-General at Paris ; in 1873 was appointed 
 Minister Resident to Greece, and is still in office. 
 
 Read, Lazaru/i U, — He was an early emigrant 
 to Utah, and in 1853 was appointed Judge of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Utah. 
 
 Read, yafhan, — Bom in Essex County, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1760 ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1781, and, two years afterwards, officiated as tutor in 
 that institution. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1800 to 1803, having suc- 
 ceeded S. Seawell ; and, liaving removed to Hallowell, 
 Maine, was for many years Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas. He was devoted to science, and a 
 petitioner for a patent for an invention before the 
 Patent Laws were enacted ; and, before the time of 
 Fulton's experiments, he had tried the effect of steam 
 upon a boat in Wenham Pond. He died at Hallowell, 
 January 20, 1849. 
 
 Read, Thomas R. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Mississippi from 1836 to 1837, and also 
 during the session of 1839, and died suddenly, on his 
 way to Washington, at Lexington, Kentucky, No- 
 vember 36, 1839. He was in the meridian of life, and 
 a. man of talents. 
 
 Read, Vi/liam E. — He was born in Hardin 
 County, Kentucky, December 14, 1820 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1849, and has since practiced ; 
 
 was appointed Visitor to West Point in 1856 ; elected 
 to the State Senate of Kentucky in 1857, and again in 
 1861 ; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Con- 
 ventions of Charleston and Baltimore in 1860, and of 
 Chicago in 1864 ; was elected to the Legislature of 
 Kentucky in 1807, and was elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 
 
 Reade, Edwin G. — Bom in Orange County, 
 North Carolina, November 13, 1813 ; he liad a liberal 
 education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1836, in Person County, and engaged in a lucrative 
 practice. He was elected a Representative in Congress 
 in 1855, serving until 1857. He was a member and 
 President of the " Reconstruction Convention," held 
 in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1865. 
 
 Readinf), John R. — Bom in Philadelphia Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, November 1, 1826 ; graduated at the 
 Jefferson Medical College, and adopted the practice 
 of medicine ; was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on the Militia, and Retrenchment. 
 
 Ready, Charles. — Bom at Ready ville, Ruther- 
 ford County, Tennessee, December 23, 1803. He 
 graduated at Greenville College, and received from 
 the Nashville University the degree of Master of 
 Arts. He was bred a lawye*, and has practiced his 
 profession with success. He was a member of the 
 Tennessee Legislature in 1835, and closely identified 
 with the organization of the Judiciary. By special 
 commission he has twice presided in the Supreme 
 Court of Tennessee, and was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from that Slate in 1853, to which position 
 he has been twice re-elected, and was a member of the 
 Committee on the Judiciary. He took part in the 
 Rebellion. 
 
 Reagan, John II, — Born in Sevier County, Ten- 
 nessee, October 8, 1818 ; a lawyer by profession ; was 
 a])pointed Deputy Surveyor in the Republic of Texas 
 in 1840 ; and in 1843 was a Justice of the Peace and 
 a Militia Captain ; in 1840, Probate Judge and Colo- 
 nel of Militia ; and elected a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1847 ; was a Judge of the District Court from 
 18.53 to 1857, when he was elected a member of the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Indian Affairs and Expenditures in the Post-Offlce 
 Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; 
 withdrew in February, 1861, and became Postmaster- 
 General of the Rebel Government. He was subse- 
 quently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort War- 
 ren, and released by order of Prfsiilent Johnson. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Reavis, Isaac. — He was born in Illinois ; re- 
 moved to Nebraska, and was appointed from that 
 Territory an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Arizona, residing in Ari- 
 zona City. 
 
 Rector, Heart/ 31, — He was Governor of Arkan- 
 sas from 1800 to 1864. 
 
 Red field, Isaac Fletcher. — Bom in Wethers- 
 field. Vermont, -\pril 10. 1804; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1835 ; studied law, and began to iiractice 
 in Derby, Vermont, in 1837 ; afterward in Windsor, 
 and in 1801 removed to Boston. He was State's At- 
 torney for Orleans County, from 1883 to 1835 ; Judge 
 of the Vermont Superior Judicial Court from 1835 to 
 1858 ; Chief Justice from 1853 to 1861 ; Professor of 
 Medical Jurisprudence in Dartmouth College from 
 1857 to 1861 ; a Commissioner to adjust United Stales 
 Claims on Great Britain in 1867 ; author of a treatise 
 on "The Law of Railways," "Law of Carriers," 
 
BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ■ 353 
 
 " Leading: American Cases," " Law of Wills," 3 vols. 
 8vo. Editor of " Greenleaf on Evidence," 3 vols. 
 8vo, 1868, with VV. A. Herrick ; " Treatise on Civil 
 Pleading and Practice," 1868. 
 
 Jtedin g, John S. — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire, and was a Representative in Cong^ress from 
 that State from 1841 to 1845. From 1853 to 1858 lie 
 held the office of Naval Storekeeper at Portsmouth. 
 
 Heed, Charles M. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Meed, Edirard C — He was born in Fitzwilliam, 
 New Hampshire, March 8, 1793 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1813 ; settled at Homer, New York, 
 as a lawyer ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Seed, Isaac. — Born in Waldoborough, Maine, 
 in 1810 ; was a merchant by occupation, and a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Maine from 1852 to 
 1853. He served six years in the State Legislature ; 
 was State Treasurer in 1856 ; and President of the 
 Waldoborough Bank. 
 
 Reed, John. — Born in Plymouth County, Massa- 
 chusetts ; graduated at Yale College in 1773 ; was or- 
 dained a minister of the Gospel in 1780, and settled at 
 West Bridgewater, Massachu.setts. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from tliat State from 1795 to 
 1801. He died February 17, 1831, aged eighty years. 
 
 Reed, John. — He was a native of Bridgewater, 
 Massachusetts, having been horn in 1781 ; was a grad- 
 uate of Brown University, in 1803 ; a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and a Representative in Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1821 
 to 1841. He was the son of the foregoing, and was 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Mas.sachusetts from 1844 to 
 1851. Died at Bridgewater, November 25, 1860. 
 
 Reed, Joseph. — Born in New Jersey, August 27, 
 1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1757 ; .studied 
 law at the Teiuple in London ; in 1774 he was one of 
 the Committee of Correspondence in Philadelphia ; 
 was President of the first popular Convention in Penn- 
 sylvania ; accompanied Washington asau Aid when he 
 went to Cambridge, and remained with the General 
 through the campaign ; in 1776 he was appointed 
 Adjutant-General of the army; he was appointed a 
 General of Cavalry, but declined the position, though 
 he was present at the battle of Germantown. He 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 
 to 1778, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation; 
 was President of Pennsylvania in the latter year, con- 
 tinuing in the office until 1781, when he resumed the 
 practice of law. In 1784 he visited England for his 
 health, but without happy results, and he died March 
 4, 1785. An attempt to bribe him was made by the 
 British, but it was treated with the utmost scorn. 
 
 Reed, Philip, — He was born in Kent County, 
 Maryland ; and was a Senator in Congress from Mary- 
 land from 1806 to 1813, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1822 to 1833, 
 having successfully contested the seat of Jeremiah 
 Causden. He died November 3, 1829. 
 
 Reed, Robert R. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia ; studied medicine and practiced the profession ; 
 served one or two terms in the Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1851. Died at Harrisburg, 
 December 15, 1864. 
 
 Reed, William, — He was a native of Massachu- 
 23 
 
 setts, an eminent merchant, and highly esteemed for 
 his benevolent and religious character. He was a 
 member of Congress from Massachusetts from 1811 
 to 1815 ; was President of the Sabbath-school Union 
 of Mas.sachusetts, and of the American Tract Society; 
 Vice-President of the American Education Society ; a 
 member of the Board of Visitors of the Theological 
 Seminary at Andover, and of the Board of Trustees 
 of Dartmouth College. Besides lil)eral bequests to 
 heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to benevolent ob- 
 jects, of which $17,000 were to Dartmouth College, 
 110,000 to Amherst College, $10,000 to the Board of 
 Commissioners for Foreign Missions, $9,000 to the 
 First Church and Society in Marblehead, $7,000 to 
 the Second Congregational Church of Marblehead, 
 and $5,000 to the Library of the Theological Semi- 
 nary at Andover. He died at Marblehead, February 
 18, 1837, very suddenly, wliile attending a Sabbath- 
 school meeting. 
 
 Reed, William Bradford. — Born in Philadel- 
 phia, June 30, 1806 ; graduated at the University of 
 Pennsylvania in 1832 ; was Attorney-General of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1838 ; United States Minister to China in 
 1857 and 1858, and negotiated the Treaty ratified in 
 1801. Author of " Life and Correspondence of Joseph 
 Reed," " Life of Esther Reed," " Vindication of Jo- 
 seph Reed," in reply to Bancroft's History, in several 
 pamphlets ; edited the posthumous works of hia 
 brother Henry ; and published a large number of his- 
 torical addresses and political pamphlets ; also con- 
 tributed to the American QvarUrly, and N(frth 
 American Review. 
 
 Reese, David A, — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina, and was a Representative in Congress from Geor- 
 gia from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Reeves, Hen ri/ A , — He was bom in Sag Harbor, 
 Long Island, in 1833. After going through a course 
 of studies at the University of Michigan, he graduated 
 at Union College, New York, in 1853 ; taught school 
 for two years ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 Brooklyn, New York, in 1857 ; in 1858 he purchased 
 the Republican Watchman, published at Greenport, 
 Long Island, and edited the same ; in 1861 he was 
 arrested by order of Secretary Seward, and confined 
 for five weeks in Fort Lafayette, for alleged disloyalty, 
 as was supposed ; in 1868 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Forty-first Congress,, 
 serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Navy 
 Department. 
 
 Reid, David S, — Born in Rockingham County, 
 North Carolina, April 19, 1813. He studied law, and 
 was admitted to practice in 1843 ; he was elected to 
 the State Legislature in 1835, and served continuously 
 until 1842. In 1843 he was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from North Carolina, serving that term ; 
 and was re-elected in 1845 for a second term ; he was, 
 in 1850, elected Governor of North Carolina, and re- 
 elected in 1852, serving until 1855, when he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress for four years. He was 
 Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Pat- 
 ent Ofiice, and a member of the Committee on Com- 
 merce. He was also elected a Delegate to the " Peace 
 Congress" of 1861. 
 
 Reid, John JV. — Was born in Lynchburg, Vir- 
 ginia, June 14, 1831 ; received a good English educa- 
 tion ; removed to Missouri in 1840 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1844 ; served with credit in the 
 Mexican War, in 1846, as Captain of a company of 
 mounted volunteers, with Colonel Doniphan ; settled 
 in Jackson County, practicing his profession ; served 
 two sessions in the Missouri Legislature ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty- 
 
354 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 seventh Congress. Expelled from the House in De- 
 cember, 18G1. 
 
 Iteifl, Robert U, — He was born in Beaufort Dis- 
 trict, South Carolina, in 1789 ; removed early in life 
 to Georgia ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1818 to 1823 ; was elected Mayor of Au- 
 gusta on his retirement from Congress ; was also a 
 Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia ; was appoint- 
 ed, in 1833, by President Jackson, District Judge for 
 Eastern Florida ; and was appointed, by President 
 Van Buren, Governor of the Territory of Florida from 
 1839 to 1841 ; was a member of the Convention which 
 formed a State Constitution for Florida, over which 
 body he presided in a creditable manner. He died 
 near Tallahassee, July 1, 1844. 
 
 lieidi/, James B. — Bom in Schuylkill County. 
 Pennsylvania, August 13, 1845 ; graduated at Potts- 
 ville High School ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 practice in 1869 ; was elected District Attorney in 
 1871, and served in that office until 1875 ; was elect- 
 ed, in 1874, a Representative from Pennsylvania to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Heilli/, John. — Bom at Abnerville, Indiana 
 Count)', Pennsylvania, February 23, 1836 ; received a 
 common-school education ; was clerk in a country 
 store from the age of sixteen until eighteen ; in 1854 
 entered the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
 Company in the Engineer Corps ; filled various minor 
 positions until 1865, when he was appointed Superin- 
 tendent of Transportation, which position he still re- 
 tains ; was President of the Board of City Commis- 
 sioners of Altoona in 1867 and 1868 ; was President of 
 the Bell's Gap Railroad Company during 1873 and 
 1873, and was also connected with the manufacturing 
 and mining interests of the State ; in 1874 he was 
 elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 JSeiffi/, JFilson.— Bom in Pennsylvania ; fol- 
 lowed for a time the business of a hatter ; and was 
 elected a Representative in Congress in 1857 from 
 Pennsylvania, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Patents. Of late years he has been devoted to the 
 practice of law. 
 
 IteiJji, Lillfher. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Relfe, tTames H. — He was born in Virginia, and 
 having settled in Missouri, was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Rencher, Abraham. — Bom in Wake County. 
 North Carolina, and in 1833 graduated at the Univer- 
 sity of that State. He practiced law for a time, but, 
 taking an interest in politics, was elected to Congress, 
 where he served from 1839 to 1839, and again from 
 1841 to 1843 ; Charge d'Affaires to Portugal in 1843 ; 
 and he was appointed by President Buchanan Gov- 
 ernor of the Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Revels, Hirnm R. — He was born in Fayette- 
 ville, North Carolina, September 1, 1823, of African 
 descent ; desiring to obtain an education, he removed 
 to Indiana ; spent some time at the Quaker Seminary 
 in Union County, and at the Clark County Seminary, 
 when he became a preacher ; at the breaking out of 
 the war he assisted in the organization of the first col- 
 ored regiments in Maryland and Missouri ; taught 
 school in St. Louis, then went to Vicksburg, and a-^sist- 
 ed in managing the freedmen's affairs ; followed the 
 army to Jackson ; organized chui'ches, and lectured ; 
 spent the next two years in Kansas and Missouri, 
 preaching and lecturing ; returned to Mississippi and 
 
 settled at Natchez ; was chosen a member of the City 
 Council ; and was a Senator in Congress from Feb- 
 ruary, 1870 to March, 1871, having been the first of his 
 race elected to that position. He subsequently became 
 a preacher in the Methodist church, and was quite 
 successful. 
 
 Reynolds, Gideon. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 Reynolds, James B. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817, 
 and again from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Reynolds, John. — Bom in Montgomery County, 
 Pennsylvania, February 26, 1789 ; of Irish parents, 
 who landed in Philadelphia in 1786 ; he belonged to 
 a company of scouts in the campaigns against the In- 
 dians, in 1812 and 1813 ; practiced law in Cahokia ; 
 was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1818; 
 a member of the Legislature from 1836 to 1830, 1846 
 to 1848, 1853 to 1854 ; the last term Speaker ; he was 
 Governor of Illinois from 1830 to 1834 ; commanded 
 the Illinois Volunteers during the Black Hawk War 
 in 1833 ; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 
 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1843 ; he published 
 " Pioneer History of Illinois," in 1848 ; " Glance at 
 the Crystal Palace, and Sketches of Travel," in 1854 ; 
 " My Life and Times," 1855 ; and at one time con- 
 ducted the BclU'vilh Eagle, a daily paper. Died at 
 Belleville, Illinois, May 8, 1865. 
 
 Reynolds, John H. — Bom in Morcau, Saratoga 
 County, New York, June 21, 1819 ; received his edu- 
 cation at the academies of Evansville, Sandy Hill, and 
 Kinderhook, New York, and was also at Bennington, 
 Vermont ; studied law and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1843 ; in 1853 was appointed Postmaster at Albany, 
 by President Pierce, but removed in 1854 for insub- 
 ordination as a party man ; in 1858 was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 the Judiciary. lie was subsequently appointed a 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals, and also a Commis- 
 sioner of Appeals. Died at Kinderhook, September 
 24, 1875. 
 
 Reynolds, Joseph. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1835 to 1837. He also served in the Assembly 
 of that State in 1819. 
 
 Reynolds, Robert IM. — Was born in Ohio ; be- 
 came a citizen of Alabama ; and was appointed from 
 that State, in 1874, Minister Resident to Bolivia, re- 
 siding at La Paz. 
 
 Reynolds, Thomas, — Born in Bracken County, 
 Kentucky. March 13, 1796 ; he studied law, and set- 
 tled in Illinois when quite young ; he was Clerk of 
 the House, afterwards Speaker ; Attorney-General of 
 the State ; Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1828 he 
 removed to Missouri, where he ivas a member of the 
 State Legislature, and President Judge of a court 
 of justice ; was Governor of Missouri from 1840 to 
 1844. He became a monomaniac, and committed sui- 
 cide, at Jefferson City, February 9, 1844. 
 
 Rhea, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Tennessee from 1803 to 1815, and from 
 1817 to 1833. In 1816 he was appointed United States 
 Commissioner to treat with the Choctaws. Died May 
 37, 1833, aged seventy-nine years. 
 
 Rhett, Robert Barnntell. — He was bom in 
 
 Beaufort, South Carolina, December 34. 1800 ; re- 
 ceived n liberal education, and adopted the profession 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 355 
 
 of law ; in 1826 he was elected to the State Legis- 
 lature, and in 1833 he was elected Attorney-General 
 of South Carolina ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1838 to 1847, and for a second tenn ending 
 in 1849 ; and was a Senator in Congress during the 
 years 1850, 1851, and a part of 185'i, having resigned 
 contrary to the wishes of his State. He is said to 
 have been the first man who proposed and advocated, 
 on the floor of Congress, a dissolution of the Union. 
 Of late years he has lived wholly retired from public 
 life on an extensive plantation. He took part in the 
 Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the Confederate 
 Congress. Was a Delegate to the New York Conven- 
 tion of 1868. 
 
 Rhodes, Saniitel, — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress, from 1774 
 to 1775. 
 
 HicntHj, fTauie.t B. — Bom in Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, February 11, 1808 ; graduated at Washington 
 College, Maryland, and was a lawyer by profe.ssion ; 
 was a member of the House of Delegates of Mary- 
 land in 1834, and of the State Senate of Maryland 
 from 1836 to 1844, inclusive ; was an Elector of 
 President and Vice-President in 1836 and 1844 ; and 
 a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
 Congresses, serving on the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures, and also on that for Investigating the Accounts of 
 a late Clerk of the House. He resigned his seat in the 
 Maryland Senate, and was appointed Judge of the 
 Circuit Court. Died at Chestertown, Maryland, Jan- 
 uary 24, 1866. 
 
 nice, A/exander H. — Born in Newton, Massa- 
 chusetts, in August, 1818 ; received a common-school 
 education ; served in his father's pajier-mill as a clerk 
 •while yet a mere boy ; subsequently graduated at 
 Union College in 1844, after which he entered on his 
 own account into the paper business ; in 18.53 was 
 elected to the Common Council of Boston, and became 
 the President of that body ; was Mayor of Boston in 
 1856 and 1857 ; and was elected a Representative 
 from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the District of Colum- 
 bia. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on Ex- 
 penditures in the Treasury Department. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Cliairman of 
 the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which capacity he 
 introduced a large number of important measures. 
 Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Unfinished Bu.siness, and Naval 
 Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and to the Chicago 
 Convention of 1868. He was subsequently elected May- 
 or of Boston, and in 1875 Governor of Massachusetts. 
 
 nice, Americiis V. — Born in Perryville, Ash- 
 land County, Ohio, November 18, 1885 ; graduated at 
 Union College, New York, in I860 ; served in the war 
 for the Union from 1861 to 1865, entering as a private 
 and coming out as a Brigadier-General ; was wounded 
 a number of times, and lost his right leg in Georgia ; 
 in 1864 he was elected to Congress on the home vote, 
 but defeated by the soldiers' vote ; in 1868 he became 
 manager of a I?anking-house in Ottawa, Ohio, and in 
 1874 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress, but died a short time after- 
 ward. 
 
 nice, Benjamin F. — Born in East Otto, Catta- 
 raugus County, New York, May 36, 1838 ; received an 
 academical education ; taught school for several win- 
 ters : studied law and came to the bar at Irvine, 
 Kentucky ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1865 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; removed to 
 Minnesota in 1860 ; entered the Volunteer Army in 
 
 1861 as a private ; was made Captain ; served as 
 such during the war, declining several offers of pro- 
 motion ; after the war he settled at Little Rock, Ar- 
 kansas ; practiced law there and organized the Repub- 
 lican party in that State ; and in 1868 he was elected 
 a Senator in Congress from Arkansas, for the term 
 ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Claims, 
 District of Columbia, the Pacific Railway, and the 
 Judiciary. 
 
 Bice, Edtrai'd Y. — He was born in Logan 
 County, Kentucky, February 8, 1830 ; educated at 
 Shurtleff College ; studied law ; was elected in 1847 
 County Recorder of Montgomery County, Illinois ; 
 was a member of the Legislature in 1849 ; was elect- 
 ed Judge of Montgomery County, and served two 
 years ; was appointed Master in Chancery from 1853 
 until 1857, when he was elected Judge of the eight- 
 eenth Circuit of Illinois; and re-elected in 1861, and 
 in 1867 ; was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of Illinois in 1869 ; and elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
 
 Jl. 
 
 Bice, JTetif}/ -SW- He was born in Waitsfield, 
 
 Vermont, November 29, 1816 ; emigrated to Michigan 
 in 1835, when it was a Territory, and was eni])loyed 
 in making surveys of the Kalamazoo and Grand 
 Rivers, and also for a ship canal at the outlet of 
 Lake Superior ; after that time lived in three other 
 Territories, viz., Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, — 
 much of his life having been spent among the wild 
 Indian tribes of the Northwest ; in 1839 he was ap- 
 pointed a Sutler in the army ; has been employed as 
 Commissioner in milking many Indian treaties of 
 great importance ; in 1853 he was elected a Delegate 
 to Congress from Minnesota ; re-elected in 1855, hav- 
 ing secured the passage of the act authorizing the 
 people of Minnesota to form a State Constitution ; 
 and in 1857 he was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 Minnesota, for the term of six years. At the com- 
 mencement of the second session of the Thirty-fiftli 
 Congress he was appointed a member of the Commit- 
 tees on Indian Affairs and on Post-Offices and Post- 
 Roads. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " National Union Convention " of 1866. He was one 
 of the original proprietors of St. Paul and Bayfield ; 
 and when in Congress was a member of the famous 
 Peace Committee of 1861. 
 
 Bice, •Tohn B. — Born in Easton, Maryland, in 
 1809 ; received a common-school education ; removed 
 to Chicago, Illinois ; was an actor and manager of a 
 theatre, until 1857 ; was elected Mayor of Chicago in 
 1865 ; re-elected in 1867 : and was elected to the 
 Forty-diird Congress. In December, 18 — , he was 
 appointed Librarian of the House of Representatives. 
 He died in Norfolk, Virginia, December 17, 1874. 
 
 Bice, >Tohn If. — Born in Mount Vernon, Kenne- 
 bec County, Maine, February 5, 1816 ; received a 
 good common-school education ; between the years 
 1833 and 1838 he held a variety of local oflSces at Au- 
 gusta ; devoted some attention to the study of law ; 
 served as a Staff Officer during the troubles connected 
 with the north-eastern boundary ; in 1840 was ap- 
 pointed Deputy Sheriff of Kennebec County ; in 1842 
 settled in Piscataquis County, and devoted himself to 
 the lumbering business until 1848 ; subsequently 
 practiced law ; in 1853 was elected a State Attorney 
 for three years ; and having been re-elected, held the 
 office until he was chosen a Representative from 
 Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Patents. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
 Chaimian of the Committee on Public Buildings and 
 Grounds, a member of the Committee on the "Territo- 
 ries, and asChainnan of the Special Committee on Fron- 
 
356 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tier Defenses. Ke-elected to the Thirty-nintli Con- 
 gress, continuing on the same Committees. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention" of 1866. In February, 1867, he was ap- 
 pointed by Preside Jt Johnson Collector of the port 
 of Bangor, Maine. 
 
 Rice, John M.—He was bom in Floyd County, 
 Kentucky ; served in the Legislature of Kentucky in 
 1859 and 1867 ; was elected to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, and was re-elected to the Forty-second, serving 
 on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary 
 Pensions. 
 
 Mice, Thomas,— He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1791 ; adopted the profession of law ; was 
 in the State Legislature in 1813 ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 
 1819 ; and died in 1854. 
 
 Rich, Charles,— Re was bom in Hampshire 
 County, Massachusetts, in 1771, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Vermont from 1811 to 1812, 
 and again from 1817 to 1824. He died at Shoreham, 
 Vermont, October 15, 1824. 
 
 Richard, Gabriel.— Re was a Roman Catholic 
 priest, and a man of learning. He was born at 
 Saintes, in France, October 15, 1764 ; was educated 
 at Anglers ; received orders at a Catholic Seminary 
 in Paris, in 1790 ; came to America in 1798 ; was for 
 a time Professor of Mathematics in St. Mary's Col- 
 lege, Maryland ; labored in Illinois as a missionary ; 
 went to Detroit, Michigan, in 1799, whence he was 
 sent as a Delegate to Congress in 1823. He died in 
 Detroit, September 13, 1832. During his ministry, it 
 became his duty, according to the Roman Catholic re- 
 ligion, to excommunicate one of his parishioners, who 
 had been divorced from his wife. The parishioner 
 prosecuted the priest for defamation of character, 
 which resulted in his obtaining a verdict of one thou- 
 sand dollars. This money the priest could not pay, 
 and was consequently imprisoned in the common jail ; 
 as he had already been elected a Delegate to Congress, 
 he went from his prison in the wilds of Michigan to 
 his seat on the floor of Congress. In 1809 he visited 
 Boston, and took a printing-press to Michigan, and 
 started a journal called the Mkhignn Essay, which 
 failed for the want of readers ; be then published 
 some Roman Catholic books, and the Laws of the Ter- 
 ritory; all in French ; in 1812, after Hull's surrender, 
 he was taken prisoner, and after his release, finding 
 his people in want, purchased wheat and gave it to 
 the destitute. He wrote several languages, and was 
 a man of superior ability and rare benevolence. 
 
 Richards, Jacoh, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1809. 
 
 Richards, John. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1797. 
 
 Richards, John. — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 
 1825. 
 
 Richards, Ularl;. — He was bom in New Haven, 
 Connecticut ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Vemiont from 1817 to 1821. He was also a 
 member of the State Legislature for eight years ; 
 County Sheriff for five years ; a Presidential Elector 
 in 1813 ; a State Councilor in 1813 and 1815 ; and 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont in 1830. 
 
 Richards, Matthias.— Re was born In 1757 ; 
 was a Judge of Berks County, Pennsylvania, from 
 
 1788 to 1797 ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1807 to 1811. Died in 1830. 
 
 Richardson, James B. — He was a native of 
 South Carolina, and Governor of that State from 
 1802 to 1804. 
 
 Richardson, John Refer.— Born at Hickory 
 Hill, Sumter District, South Carolina, April 14, 1801 ; 
 graduated at South Carolina College in 1819 ; was a 
 member of the State Legislature from 1824 to 1836 ; a 
 Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1840 ; Gov- 
 ernor of South Carolina from 1840 to 1842 ; he op- 
 posed the oi-dinanceof Nullification, and was a leader 
 of the Union Party ; in 1850 he was one of the Dele- 
 gates at large from South Carolina to the Southern 
 Convention ; in 1851 presided over the meeting of 
 the Southern Rights Association in Charleston ; and 
 opposed the separate secession of the State in 1853. 
 
 Richardson, John S.— Born in South Caro- 
 lina in 1777, and died at Charleston, May 11, 1850. 
 He was an Associate Judge of the General Sessions, 
 of the Common Pleas, and Presiding Judge of the 
 Court of Appeals ; and was elected a member of Con- 
 gress in 1820, hut owing to some exigency in his pri- 
 vate affairs, he was not qualified. He was also a 
 member of the State Legislature, and Attorney-Gen- 
 eral for the State of South Carolina, 
 
 Richardson, Joseph. — Born at Billerica, Mas- 
 sachusetts, February 1, 1778 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1802 ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1827 to 1831. He 
 was senior Pastor over the First Church at Hingham, 
 Massachusetts, for fifty years. 
 
 Richardson, IVilliam .4.— Bom in Fayette 
 County, Kentucky ; graduated at the Transylvania 
 University ; studied law, and came to the bar before 
 attaining his twentieth year, and soon after settled 
 in Illinois. In 1835 he was elected State Attorney ; 
 in 1836 a member of the State Legislature ; in 1838 
 he was elected to the State Senate ; and in 1844 was 
 again elected to the Legislature, and made Sjieaker 
 of the House ; and was chosen a Presidential Elector 
 in 1844. In 1846 he served as Captain in the Mexican 
 War, and on the battle-field of Buena-Vista was pro- 
 moted by the unanimous vote of his regiment ; in 
 1847 he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Illinois, where he continued to serve by re-elec- 
 tion until 1856, when he resigned ; in 1857 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Buchanan Governor of Nebras- 
 ka, which he resigned in 1858 ; in 1860 he was against 
 his consent re-elected to the House of Representa- 
 tives, hut before the expiration of liis term, in 1863, 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Illinois for 
 the unexpired term of his friend, S. A. Douglas, 
 serving on the Committees on Territories and the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. He was a Delegate to the New 
 York Convention of 1868. Died at Quincy, Illinois, 
 December 27, 1875. 
 
 Richardson, William ^.— He was bom in 
 
 Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, November 2, 1831 ; 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1843 ; made Mas- 
 ter of Arts and Bachelor of Laws at that Institution 
 in 1840, and came to the bar in the same year. He 
 was at once made Judge Advocate of the Massachu- 
 setts militia, and held the office four years ; in 1849 
 was chosen to the Common Council of Lowell, and 
 also in 1853 and 1854, acting as President ; was iden- 
 tified with several banking institutions, and Presi- 
 dent of Wamoset Bank ; in 1855 was appointed to re- 
 vise the Statutes of Massachusetts ; in 1856 became a 
 Judge of Probate, serving as such sixteen years ; in 
 1863 he was made an Overseer of Harvard College ; in 
 1869 declined a Superior Court Jiidgeship, and became 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 357 
 
 Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Department ; in 
 1871 he went to Europe as a Financial Agent for the 
 Government ; in 1873 he was appointed Secretary of 
 the Treasury ; and in 1874 he resigned that position 
 to accept a seat on the Bench of the Court of Claims. 
 lie published, among other things, " The Banking 
 Laws of Massachusetts," in 185.5, and " Practical In- 
 formation concerning the Public Debt of the United 
 States," with the " National Banking Laws," in 1872. 
 He received from Columbia College the degree of 
 LL.D. 
 
 jRicIinrdson, Willinm M. — He -was born in 
 Pelliam, New Hampshire, January 4, 1774, and grad- 
 uated at the University of Cambridge in 1797. He 
 practiced law for a few years at Groton, Massachu- 
 setts ; and was a member of Congress from that 
 State from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned. He re- 
 moved to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1814, and 
 was appointed Chief Justice In 1810 ; and he dis- 
 charged the duties of the office with high reputation 
 nearly twenty-two years. He was a man of distin- 
 guished talents, great industry, and extensive acquire- 
 ments, and highly respected for his integrity and 
 estimable character. He was the author of " The 
 New Hampshire Justice," and " The Town Officer." 
 A considerable portion of the first and second volumes 
 of the "New Hampshire Reports" was drawn up by 
 the Chief Justice.; nearly all the eases of the third, 
 fourth, and fifth were furnished by him ; and of the 
 matter for perhaps four volumes more, he prepared a 
 large share. He died at Chester, New Hampshire, 
 March 23, 1838. 
 
 liic/iitioiiih Hi mm H. — He was born in Cliau- 
 tauqua. New York, May 17, 1810 ; received a good 
 education ; studied medicine two years with his fa- 
 ther, Lawton Richmond ; entered Alleghany College, 
 where he remained two years ; turned his attention 
 to the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1838 ; was elected to the Forty- third Congress, ser\ang 
 on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Public Ex- 
 penditures. 
 
 Richmond, tTonHthan. — He was bom in Bris- 
 tol, Massachusetts, in 1774 ; was one of the pioneers 
 of Western New York in 1813 ; was once Collector of 
 the Customs for the United States ; and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821. 
 He died in Cayuga, New York, July 29, 1853. 
 
 Middle, Albert G. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts, and elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Revolutionary Claims. A lawyer, and settled in 
 Washington City in 1865. 
 
 Middle, George Mead. — ^He was born in New- 
 castle, Delaware, in 1817 ; educated at Delaware Col- 
 lege ; studied engineering, and was engaged for years 
 in locating and constructing railroads and canals in 
 Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, the 
 last of which was the great work at Harper's Ferry. 
 Afterwards he studied law, was admitted to the bar 
 in 1848, and was appointed Deputj- Attorney -General 
 for his native county, which position he held until 
 1850, when he was elected a Representative from 
 Delaware to the Thirty-second Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Roads and Canals, and was Chairman 
 of the Committee on Engraving, and also a Special 
 Committee on the Peru^-ian Guano Question. In 
 1849 he was appointed by the Governor of the State 
 a Commissioner on the part of Delaware to retrace 
 the celebrated "Mason and Dixon's line," the report 
 of which was printed by the Legislatures of Pennsyl- 
 vania, Delaware, and Maryland in 1850. He was also 
 a Delegate to the several " Democratic National Con- 
 
 ventions" of 1844, 1848, and 1856. In 1864 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress from Delaware, for the 
 term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on 
 the District of Columbia, Private Land Claims, Man- 
 ufactures, and Printing. Died in Washington City, 
 March 29, 1867. He was a descendant of George 
 Read, of the Revolution. 
 
 Middle, H, T, — He was elected a Representative 
 from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the 
 place of John W. Head, who had been previously 
 elected, but died before taking his seat. 
 
 Middle, Joseph, — He was born in 1753, was well 
 educated, was long and favorably known as a lawyer 
 in Pennsylvania, and was for many years a Judge of 
 the High Court of Errors and Appeals in Pennsyl- 
 vania. Died at Chambersburg in 1836. 
 
 Midgeley, Henri/ 3/. — Born in 1778 ; a lawyer 
 by profession ; and for many years was a distinguished 
 member of the Delaw are bar. He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Delaware from 1811 to 1815, 
 and supplied a vacancy as Senator in Congress from 
 1826 to 1829. He died at his residence in Dover, 
 Delaware, August 7, 1847. 
 
 Midgelji, Michard. — He was a Delegate from 
 Marvland to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 
 1786. 
 
 Midgeirag, Mobert. — He was a Representative 
 from Virginia in the Fortieth Congress, and died in 
 Amherst County. October 16, 1869. He was at one 
 time Editor of the Bichmond Whig. 
 
 Midgirag, Joseph. — He was born on Staten 
 Island, New York, May 6, 1783 ; received a limited 
 education ; and acquired the trade of a house carpen- 
 ter. In 1811 he emigrated to Cayuga County, New 
 York, and devoted himself to making fanning-mills ; 
 and in 1822 settled in Columbus, Ohio, and estab- 
 lished an extensive iron foundry, which subsequently 
 became an establishment for manufacturing railroad 
 carriages. In 1828 he was elected to the Legislature 
 of Ohio, and re-elected in 1830 ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1843. He 
 failed in business in 1811, and, though exonerated by 
 the bankrupt law, he thought proper, in 1857, to pay 
 up his old debts, at the rate of two dollars for one ; 
 and of seventy creditors he only found four living ; 
 so that he had to hunt up and pay the heirs, which 
 occupied four months of his time. 
 
 Miggs, Jefirr M. — Born in Morris County, New 
 Jersey, June 20, 1809 ; studied medicine : and grad- 
 uated at the Barclay Street Medical University of 
 New York. In 1828 he made an extensive sea-voyage 
 over the world ; practiced his profession from 1832 to 
 1849 ; served two years in the New Jersey Legisla- 
 ture ; spent one or two years in charge of the hospital 
 at Sutter's Fort, California ; in 18.55 was elected for 
 three years to the Senate of New Jersey ; and in 1858 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, serving as a member of the Committee on Man- 
 ufactures. Died in Drakesville, Sussex County, No 
 vember 5, 1869. 
 
 Miggs, LeiHs. — Was bom in New York, and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Miker, Samuel. — He was a member of the New 
 York Assembly in 1784, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1804 to 1805, and again 
 from 1807 to 1809. 
 
 Mittgold, TJiomas. — He was a Delegate from 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS 
 
 Maryland to tlie Colonial Congress, which met in New 
 York in 1765. 
 
 Minggohl, Samuel. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1810 to 1815, and 
 again from 1817 to 1831. 
 
 Sinffs, DfinicI, — He was an early emigrant to 
 the Territory of Arkansas ; was the first Chief Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the State, and died at Little 
 Rock, September 3, 1873. 
 
 Hiotte, Charles JV. — He was a citizen of Texas, 
 and Minister Resident to Costa Rica from 1861 to 1867. 
 
 Riplei/, Eleasar If. — He graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1800 ; studied law, and settled in 
 the District of Maine ; was Speaker of the Massachu- 
 setts House of Representatives in 1811 ; acquitted him- 
 self with credit as an officer in the last war with Eng- 
 land ; removed to Louisiana, whence he was elected 
 to Congress, serving from 1835 to the time of his 
 death, which occurred at New Orleans, March 2, 1839, 
 aged fifty-seven years. 
 
 Kipleji, .Jaines H'. — He was a lawyer ; served 
 four years in the Legislature of Maine ; was an officer 
 in the last war with England, and a member of Con- 
 gress from Maine from 1826 to 1830, when he was ap- 
 pointed Collector of Customs for the Pa.ssamaquoddy 
 District of Maine. He died in June, 1835. 
 
 Siplefi, Thomas C. — He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Twenty-ninth Con- 
 gress, for the unexpired term of R. P. Herrick, re- 
 signed. 
 
 Risley, Elijah. — He was born in Connecticut, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1849 to 1851. Died at Fredonia, January 
 9, 1870, aged ninety years. 
 
 Ititcheji, Thomas. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 
 1849, and again from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Rifehie, David, — He was born at Canonsburg, 
 Washington County, Pennsylvania, August 19, 1813 ; 
 graduated at Jefferson College in 1829 ; admitted to 
 the bar at Pittsburg, in 1835 ; received the degree of 
 J.U.D. from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, 
 in 1837 ; was a Representative from Pittsburg in 
 the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, and was a member of the Committee on 
 Foreign Aifairs. After leaving Congress he held the 
 office of Judge for about one year ; and while en- 
 gaged in the practice of his profession, died at Pitts- 
 burg, January 24, 1867. 
 
 mtehie, John. — He was born in Frederick City, 
 Maryland, August 12, 1831 ; educated at the Freder- 
 ick Academy ; commenced the study of medicine, but 
 relinquished it for law, attending the Law School at 
 Harvard College, and in 1854 was admitted to the 
 bar ; was elected in 1860 a Presidential Elector ; in 
 1867 elected Attorney for Frederick County, to serve 
 for four years, when he was elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on the Committee on Public 
 Lands. 
 
 Ritchie, Thomas. — He was born in Tappahan- 
 nock, Virginia, November 5, 1778 ; received an aca- 
 demic and medical education; taught school for a time; 
 became editor of the paper, in 1804, which was after- 
 wards called the Richmond Iiiqidrer, and which he 
 conducted for forty years ; in 1845 he removed to 
 Washington City, and was there elected Public Prin- 
 
 ter, and edited the Union until 1849 ; returning to 
 Richmond, died there, July 12, 1854. 
 
 Jtitner, .Joseph. — Born in 1779 ; was frequently 
 a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania from 
 1820 to 1827 ; was the Candidate of the Anti-Masons 
 for Governor in 1829, but was defeated ; was after- 
 wards Governor from 1835 to 1839 ; was an advocate 
 and promoter of public schools, and a distinguished 
 opponent of Slavery. Died in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 
 October 16, 1869. 
 
 mtfcnhonse, David. — Bom near Germantown, 
 Pennsylvania, April 8, 1732 ; while working on his 
 father's farm at Norristown, he had access to the 
 mathematical books of a deceased uncle, and thor- 
 oughly mastered Newton's " Principia ; " before he 
 was nineteen he discovered the method of fluxions, 
 and for some time supposed it was original with him- 
 self. He made a clock before he was seventeen, 
 without instruction, and in 1751 applied himself to 
 that art with great skill. At the age of twenty-three 
 he made an orrery which was purchased by Princeton 
 College, and he subsequently constructed another for 
 the University of Penn.sylvania. In 1763 he was 
 employed to determine " Mason and Dixon's Line," 
 which he did with instruments of his own construc- 
 tion. He afterwards fixed the boundaries of several 
 other States. He was appointed by the American 
 Philosophical Society to observe the transit of Venus 
 in 1769, and at the moment of apparent contact, his 
 emotion was so great that he fainted ; his account was 
 published by the Society. In 1770 he removed to 
 Philadeljihia and engaged in making clocks and 
 mathematical instruments. From 1777 to 1789 he 
 was Treasurer of Pennsylvania ; succeeded Franklin 
 as President of the Philosophical Society in 1791 ; 
 was Dii'ector of the United States Mint from 1793 to 
 1795 ; and was a member of the Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences at Boston. In 1775 an Address upon the 
 History of Astronomy was published. Received the 
 degree of LL.D. from the Universitvof Pennsylvania 
 in 1783, and F.R.S. in 1795. He died in Philadelphia, 
 June 26, 1796. 
 
 Jtitter, liitrirell C, — He was bom in Barren 
 County, Kentucky, January 6, 1810 ; received a good 
 English education ; adopted the business of farming, 
 to which he has been devoted ; was a member of the 
 Legislature of Kentucky in 1843 and 1850 ; in 1864 he 
 was a Presidential Elector ; and in 1865 he was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri- 
 culture, and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart-, 
 ment. 
 
 Hitter,. John. — Was bom in Exeter Town.ship, 
 Berks County, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1779. He 
 received such education as the country afforded in 
 German, and but three months of English schooling. 
 At eighteen years of age he entered the printing-office 
 of the Bendinger Adler, of which his father was half- 
 owner. This was at the issue of the second number 
 ■ of the paper. In 1802 he bought his father out, and 
 continued as an editor and proprietor to conduct the 
 journal to the day of his death. He never sought 
 any office. An election to the Convention to revise 
 the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1836, and to a 
 seat from Pennsylvania in the Twenty-eighth and 
 Twenty-ninth Congresses, came to him as a sponta- 
 neous act of popular confidence and respect. He died 
 at Reading, November 24, 1851. 
 
 Hirers, Thomas. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1855 to 
 1857. 
 
 Eives, Thomas, — He was born In Nelson Coun- 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 359 
 
 ty, Virginia, June 17, 1806 ; was educated at the Col- 
 leges of Hamjiden Sidney, and Harvard, and at the 
 University of Virginia ; ;?ettled in Albemarle County, 
 from which he was elected to the State Legislature 
 at intervals from 1835 to 1801, the latest years in the 
 Senate ; in 1866 he was appointed to the Supreme 
 Court of Appeals of Virginia, and his opinions were 
 published in several volumes. He gave up his seat 
 on the Bench in 1869, but in 1871 he was appointed 
 United States District Judge for the Western District 
 of Virginia, and is still in office. 
 
 Riff's, Francis E, — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1841. Died November 30, 1861. 
 
 Hivi'S.John C. — Born in Kentucky, in 1796 ; had 
 a limited education ; removed to Illinois, where he 
 was a bank cashier ; settled in Washington in 1834 ; 
 became a clerk in the Treasury Department ; and dur- 
 ing the early part of President Jackson's administra- 
 tion, in connection \vith Frank Blair, established the 
 Congressional Olobe, which contained the proceedings 
 of the two Houses of Congress, in continuation of the 
 Beyister of Delates and the Annals of Congress, con- 
 ducted by Gales and Seaton, down to the Forty- 
 third Congress, when it was superseded by the Con- 
 gressional Record. Mr. Rives was a most patriotic and 
 liberal man, and during the Rebellion gave twelve 
 thousand dollars to equip one regiment of troops, and 
 nearly twenty thousand dollars for the wives of sol- 
 diers. Died at his country-seat near Washington, 
 April 10, 1864. 
 
 Jiii'es, If'ilUam C. — He was born in Nelson 
 County, Virginia, May 4, 1793 ; was educated at 
 Hampden Sidney, and William and Mary Colleges ; 
 studied law and politics under the direction of Thomas 
 Jefferson ; was Aid-de-camp in 1814 and 1815, with a 
 body of Militia and Volunteers called out for the de- 
 fense of Virginia ; and was a member in 1816 of the 
 "Staunton Convention," called to reform the State 
 Constitution. He was elected to the Legislature of 
 Virginia in 1817, 1818, and 1819, from Nelson County ; 
 in 1823 to the same position from Albemarle County ; 
 in 1833 he was elected a Representative in Congress, 
 and he served for three successive terms ; in 1829 he 
 was appointed by President Jackson Minister to 
 France ; on his return, in 1832, he was elected a Sena- 
 tor in Congress, and resigned in 1834 ; was re-elected 
 in 1835, and served to the end of the tenn in 1839 ; in 
 1840 was elected to the Senate for a third term, 
 ■where he remained until 1845 ; in 1849 he was a 
 second time appointed Minister to France, and re- 
 turned in 1853, when he finally retired from political 
 life. He has also added to his reputation by publish- 
 ing a history of the " Life and Times of James Madi- 
 son." He took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a mem- 
 ber of the so-called Confederate Congress, having 
 previously been a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" 
 of that year. In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention," but 
 did not take part in its proceedings ; died in Albemarle 
 County, Virginia, April 36, 1868. 
 
 Roane, A rchihaJd. — He was Governor of Ten- 
 essee from 1801 to 1803. 
 
 Roane, •Tolm, — He was born in Virginia ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1815 to 1817, from 1827 
 to 1831, and for a third term from 1835 to 1837. Died 
 in Washington, District of Columbia, December 18, 
 1869. 
 
 Roane, John <7. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, his native State, from 1831 to 
 1833. 
 
 Roane, ,Tohn SeUlen, — He was a Lieutenant- 
 Colonel of Yell's Arkansas Cavaliy in the Mexican 
 War ; distinguished at Buena Vista, and commanded 
 the regiment after Yell was killed ; was made Colonel 
 in 1847 ; was Governor of Arkansas from 1848 to 
 1852 ; and a Brigadier-General in the Confederate 
 Army. Died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, April 8, 1867. 
 
 Roane, John. T. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1815. 
 
 Roane, Spencer, — Bom in Essex County, Vir- 
 ginia, April 4,' 1788 ; studied law with Chancellor 
 Wythe, and also in Philadelphia ; was a member of 
 the Assembly, of the Council, and of the Senate, suc- 
 cessively ; in 1789 was appointed Judge of the Gen- 
 eral Court ; and in 1794 a Judge of the Court of 
 Errors ; in 1819 he was one of the Commissioners for 
 locating the University of Virginia. He published 
 several essays in the Richmond Inquirer, signed 
 "Algernon Sydney," asserting the supremacy of the 
 State, in a question of authority between the United 
 States and Virginia. Died September 4, 1823. 
 
 Roane, II' i If i am H. — Born in Virginia, in 
 1788 ; was twice elected a member of the Executive 
 Council of that State ; once a Delegate to the General 
 Assembly ; a Representative in Congress from 1815 
 to 1817 ; and a Senator of the United States from 
 1837 to 1841. He died at Tree Hill, near Richmond, 
 Virginia, May 11, 1845. 
 
 Robbie, Reuben. — He was bom in Vermont ; 
 and having settled in New York, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Robbius, AsJier. — Born in Wethersfield, Con- 
 necticut, in 1757, and graduated at Yale College. He 
 was a lawyer by profession ; was United States Dis- 
 trict Attorney in 1813 ; held many other im]iortant pub- 
 lic positions ; and was a leading Senator in Congress 
 from Rhode Island from 1835 to 1839. He was also a 
 member of the Rhode Island Legislature for many 
 years. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 35, 
 1845. 
 
 Rohbins, Georije R. — Born near Allentown, 
 Monmouth County, New Jersey, September 24, 1812 ; 
 graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- 
 phia, in 1837, and pursued the practice of medicine 
 until his election to the House of Representatives 
 from New Jersey, during the Thirty-fourth Congress ; 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Robbins, 'John, Jr. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1849 to 1855. 
 
 Robbins, William M. — He was born in Ran- 
 dolph County, North Carolina ; educated at Trinity 
 College, North Carolina, and Randolph Macon Col- 
 lege, Virginia ; adopted the profession of law ; was 
 an officer in the Confederate Army during the 
 whole war, participating in nearly all the battles in 
 Virginia from Bull Run to Appomattox Court-House ; 
 was elected to the Senate of North Carolina in 1868, 
 and re-elected in 1870 ; and he was elected to the For- 
 ty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Roberdeati, Daniel. — He was a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1777 
 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confed- 
 eration. 
 
 Roberts, Anthony E. — Bom in Chester Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, October, 1803, but removed with 
 
360 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 his parents to Lancaster County in his infancy. He 
 received a common-school education, and commenced 
 life as a merchant. In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of 
 Lancaster County, and held the office till 1843. In 
 184!) he was appointed, by President Taylor, Marshal 
 of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and remained 
 in that position until 1853, and collected the statistics 
 for the Seventh Census of that District. He was a 
 Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fifth, and was a member of the 
 Committee on the Militia. 
 
 Roberts, Chnrles S, — Born in Unionto^vn, Car- 
 roll County, Maryland, April 19, 1843 ; graduated at 
 Calvert College in 1861 ; studied law, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1864 ; and has since practiced his 
 profession in Westminster ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1868, and with that exception never accepted a 
 public nomination until elected a Representative 
 from Maryland to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 lioberfs, Edntimd. — He was a citizen of New 
 Hampshire, and in 1833 was empowered as a Special 
 Agent to negotiate with Cochin-China for the exten- 
 sion of the commerce of the United States in the Pa- 
 cific Ocean. 
 
 lioberfs. Ellis JT. — He was born in Utica, New 
 York, September 30, 1837 ; trained a printer ; gradu- 
 ated at Yale College in 1850 ; became in 1851 editor 
 and proprietor of the Utka Morniiirj Herald ; elected 
 to the National Republican Convention of 1864, and to 
 that of 1868 ; was a member of the Legislature of the 
 State in 1867 ; and elected to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on 
 Ways and Means. 
 
 lioberfs, Jonathan. — Born in 1771 ; and early 
 in the present century was elected to both branches of 
 the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned ; and 
 was an advocate of the War of 1813. From 1814 to 
 1831 he was a Senator of the United States ; and in 
 1841 he was appointed Collector of the port of Phila- 
 delphia, by President Harrison. He died in Philadel- 
 phia, July, 1854. 
 
 Jioberts. liobert JV. — He was born in Delaware, 
 and having settled in Mississippi, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 
 1847. 
 
 Hoberts, Villiatn. S. — He was born in Cork 
 County, Ireland, February 6, 1830 ; came to the 
 United States in 1849 ; received an academic educa- 
 tion ; was engaged in mercantile pursuits in New 
 York for nearly twenty years, and retired from busi- 
 ness in 1869 ; was elected to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on 
 Claims, and Weights and Measures. 
 
 Robertson. Anthony L. — He was born in New 
 York city, in June, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia Col- 
 lege in 1835, and adopted the profession of law ; in 
 1846 he was appointed Assistant Vice-Chancellor for 
 the First Judicial District ; in 1848, Surrogate of the 
 County of New York ; and in 1859 Judge of the Supe- 
 rior Court, and on being re-elected he was chosen 
 Chief Justice by his associates. In 1867 he was a 
 Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, and 
 took a prominent part in its proceedings. Died in 
 New York, December 18, 1868. 
 
 Robertson, Georr/e, — Born in Mercer County, 
 Kentucky, November 18, 1790, and completed his edu- 
 cation in Transylvania University. He studied law, and 
 commenced practice in 1809. In 1816 he was elected 
 a Representative in Congress, and served from 1817 to 
 
 1831. He was a member of the Legislature, and 
 Speaker of the House four sessions, ending in 1837. 
 In 1838 he was Secretary of State, and the same 
 year chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals, and 
 in 1839 commissioned Chief Justice of Kentucky, 
 which position he resigned in 1833, and resumed the 
 practice of law in Lexington in 1835. He was Profes- 
 sor of Law in Transylvania University for twen- 
 ty-three years. He repeatedly declined important 
 olfices, including missions to Colombia and Peru. 
 Died at Lexington, May 17, 1874. 
 
 Robertson, John. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1834 to 1839. 
 
 Roberfsoji, Thomas Bollinf/. — Born in Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, in 1778 ; graduated at William and 
 Mary College in 1807 ; was United States District 
 Judge of Louisiana ; and was the first Representative 
 in Congress from Louisiana elected under the State 
 Constitution, serving from 1813 to 1818. 
 
 Robertson, Thomas J. — Bom in Fairfield 
 County, South Carolina, August 3, 1833 ; gradu- 
 ated at South Carolina College in 1843 ; studied 
 medicine for a time, but established himself as a 
 planter ; during the Rebellion he remained a Union 
 man ; was a member of the State Constitutional Con- 
 vention convened after the passage of the Reconstruc- 
 tion Acts by Congress ; and in 1868 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from South Carolina for the term 
 ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Manu- 
 factures, Agriculture, and Claims. Re-elected for the 
 term ending in 1877, and was Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Manufactures. 
 
 Robertson, William H. — He was bom in Bed- 
 ford, Westchester County, New York, October 10, 
 1833 ; received an academical education in that town ; 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1847, at Pough- 
 keepsie ; in 1848 he was elected to the Assembly, and 
 re-elected in 1849 ; in 1854 he was elected to the State 
 Senate ; in 1856 he was elected for four years Judge 
 of Westchester County ; re-elected in 1859 and also in 
 1863 — serving eleven years in all ; in 1860 he was a 
 Presidential Elector ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore 
 Convention of 1864, which re-nominated President 
 Lincoln ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Commerce, and Revolutionary 
 Claims. He was also a Delegate to the " State Re- 
 publican Convention " of 1867. In 1875 he was elected 
 to the Senate of New York. 
 
 Robertson, Windham. — He was elected Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor of Virginia in 1834, and in 1836 he 
 was made Acting Governor of the State, remaining in 
 the position until 1837. 
 
 Robeson, George M. — He was born in Warren 
 
 County, New Jersey, in 1837 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1847 ; studied law, and on coming to the 
 bar in 1850, settled in Newark, where he practiced his 
 profession. On the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was 
 appointed by the Governor of the State a Brigadier- 
 General, and took an active part in the organization 
 of troops ; settled in Camden, and in 1859 was ap- 
 pointed Prosecuting Attorney for that county ; he 
 was also appointed, in 1867, Attorney-General of New 
 Jersey, which position he resigned to accept a seat, 
 June 33, 1869, in the Cabinet of President Grant, as 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 Robins. John. — He was born in Philadelphia; 
 received a limited education, and worked on a farm ; 
 was for several years engaged in the iron and steel 
 business ; was elected to Congress in 1848, 1850, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 301 
 
 1852 ; subsequently held a number of local positions ; Robinson, J". F, — He was Governor of Ke 
 and in 1874 he was elected to the Forty-fourth Con- from 1861 to 1863. 
 
 itucky 
 
 Robinson, Charles. — He was the first Governor 
 of the State of Kansas, having been elected in 1861, 
 and serving one year. 
 
 Robinson, Christopher. — He was bom in 
 Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown University in 1825, 
 and adopted the profession of law ; was Attorney- 
 General of Rhode Island. He was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Rhode Island to the Thirty -sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on the 
 Judiciary, and also on the Special Committee of Thir- 
 ty-three on the Rebellious States. In 1861 he was 
 appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Peru, and 
 he was a Delegate to the " Loyalists' Convention," 
 held in Philadelphia in 1866. 
 
 Robinson, Edward. — He was a ship-master 
 and merchant ; served two years in the Maine Senate ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Maine 
 during the years 1838 and 1839. In 1840 he was a 
 Presidential Elector, and died February 20, 1857, aged 
 Bixty-one years. 
 
 Robinson, tTames C, — Was bom in Edgar 
 County, Illinois, in 1822 ; served as a private in the 
 Mexican War ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1854 ; was elected a Representative from Illinois to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, and re-elected to the Thir- 
 ty-.seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Mileage, and as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Expenditures in the State 
 Department. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia " National Union Convention " of 1866 ; and in 
 1867 he was appointed a Commissioner to settle the 
 War Claims of Indiana. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on various 
 Committees. 
 
 Robinson, ,Tanies IF. — He was born in Union 
 County, Ohio, November 38, 1826 ; graduated at Jef- 
 ferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and at the 
 Cincinnati Law College in 1851 ; was elected to the 
 Legislature in 1858, 1860, and 1864 ; and to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
 tions. 
 
 Robinson, 'Tohn L, — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana 
 from 1847 to 1853. In 1857 he was appointed United 
 States Marshal for the District of Indiana, by Presi- 
 dent Buchanan, which office he held until his death, 
 March 21, 1860. 
 
 Robinson, John M. — He was born in 1793, and 
 was one of the early settlers of Illinois, and one of the 
 Judges of the Supreme Court of that State. He was 
 a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1842, and died at 
 Ottawa, Illinois, April 26, 1843. 
 
 Robinson, John Stani ford. —Bom in Ben- 
 nington, Vemiont, November 10. 1804 ; graduated at 
 William and Mary College in 1824 ; settled as a law- 
 yer in his native town, and was successful in the pro- 
 fession ; was for many years in the State Legislature ; 
 Governor of Vermont from 1853 to 1854 ; and a 
 Delegate to the Charleston Democratic Convention. 
 Died in Charleston, South Carolina, April 25, 1860. 
 
 Robinson, Jonathan. — He was appointed 
 Chief Justice of Vermont in 1801, in the place of 
 Judge Smith, who resigned ; and in 1806 was elected 
 to succeed Mr. Smith as Senator in Congress, serving 
 from 1807 to 1815. He died at Bennington, Novem 
 ber 3, 1819, aged sixty-four years. 
 
 Robinson, Milton S. — Born in Indiana, April 
 20, 1832 ; received a good common-school education ; 
 studied law with his father, and was admitted to the 
 bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana in 1851, and has 
 been engaged in practice ever since, with the excep- 
 tion of four years' service in the war for the Union; 
 served as Presidential Elector in 1856 ; was elected 
 State Prison Director in 1861, but resigned and en- 
 tered the array as Lieutenant-Colonel, and rose to the 
 rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; was a member of 
 the State Senate from 1867 to 1870, and in 1874 was 
 elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Robinson, Moses. — He was educated at Dart- 
 mouth College; served in the Legislature of Vermont, 
 and was Governor of that State from 1789 to 1790. 
 lie was a member of the Senate of the United States 
 from Vermont, under the administration of Washing- 
 ton, from 1791 to 1796, when he resigned. He wag 
 one of the minority who were opposed to the ratifica- 
 tion of Jay's Treaty. He died at Bennington, May 
 26, 1813, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 Robinson, OrviUe. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1845. He also served four years in the 
 Assembly of that State, from Oswego County. 
 
 Robinson, Thomas. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Delaware from 1839 to 1841, and 
 died in Sussex Couutv, in that State, October 28, 
 1843. 
 
 Robinson, Williatn E. — He was born near 
 Cookstown, Tyrone County, Ireland, May 6. 1814 ; re- 
 ceived a good English and classical education ; emi- 
 grated to this country in 1836 ; entered Yale College, 
 and received the degree of A.M. in 1841 ; was a stu- 
 dent for two years at the Yale Law School ; between 
 the years 1838 and 1844 he was a frequent writer for 
 the New York Ilendd ; during the latter year he be- 
 came identified with the New York Tribvne, signing 
 his communications "Richelieu;" in 1848 and 1849 lie 
 Ijecame identified as editor with a weekly paper called 
 The People ; in 1859 he visited his native land and 
 the Continent of Europe ; practiced law in New York 
 from 1853 to 1862 ; in 1862 he was ajipointed United 
 States Assessor of Internal Revenue for the City of 
 Brooklyn, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and Expenses in 
 the Treasury Department. In addition to his exten- 
 sive writings on the politics of his country, published 
 in a variety of journals, he has occasionally delivered 
 addresses on literary topics, and is also the author of 
 a number of poems which have become popular with 
 the people. 
 
 Robison, David F. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Rochester, William B. — He was born in 
 Wasliington County, Maryland, and was a man of 
 legal acquirements, much respected for his abilities, 
 and a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1821 to 1823. He sulisequently held the office 
 of Circuit Judge in New York, but resigned to com- 
 pete with De Witt Clinton for the office of Governor. 
 He was lost, with many others, off the coast of North 
 Carolina, bv the explosion of the steamer Pulaski, 
 June 15, 1888. 
 
 Rockhill, William.— 'Ee was bom in New 
 
363 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Jersey, and, having settled in Indiana, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from ly47 
 to 1849. 
 
 Hockwell, Charles W. — He was born in Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut ; was the brother of John A. 
 Rockwell, and received a good education ; devoted 
 himself to mercantile pursuits, and acquired a large 
 fortune in the Southern States ; and then returned to 
 his native place, where for twenty years he toolc a 
 leading part in public and benevolent enterprises. In 
 1835 he was chosen Mayor of Norwich, and held the 
 office three years, and re-elected in 1845 ; he was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1845 ; was one of the project- 
 ors of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad ; and in 
 1840 he was appointed Commissioner of Customs in 
 Washington, and held the office until 1853. * 
 
 Rockwell, John A. — Bom in Norwich, Connec- 
 ticut, in 1804 ; graduated at Yale College in 1823 ; 
 studied law, which he practiced with ability and suc- 
 cess ; was twice elected to the State Senate ; was at 
 one time Judge of tlie County Court for New London 
 County ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Connecticut from 1845 to 1849, serving as Chaii-man 
 of the Committee on Claims. He subsequently prac- 
 ticed in tlie Court of Claims, and was the author of a 
 worii on Spanish law. Died in Washington, of ap- 
 oplexy, February 10, 1861. 
 
 Jiochivell. Julius. — Bom at Colebrook, Litch- 
 field County, Connecticut, April 26, 1805. Entered 
 Yale College in 1823, and graduated in 1836 ; studied 
 law at the New Haven Law School, and was admitted 
 to the bar in Litchfield County, in 1839, commencing 
 practice in 1830, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He 
 was a member of the House of Representatives of 
 Massachusetts from 1834 to 1838, and was Speaker 
 from 1835 to 1838, and in that year was appointed 
 Bank Commissioner, and held the office three years. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 
 1851, and United States Senator for two sessions, by 
 appointment, from 1854 to 1855, to succeed Mr. Ever- 
 ett. In 1853 he was a member of the Convention to 
 revise the Constitution of Massachusetts ; a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1856 ; and in 1858 was again elected to 
 the House of Representatives of that State. In 1859 
 he was made a Judge of the Superior Court of Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 Hodman, William. — Born in Bensalem, Bucks 
 County, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1757, his parents 
 being of tlie Society of Friends. He received a lib- 
 eral education ; served in the Revolutionary War as 
 a soldier ; under the call from Washington, he raised 
 and commanded a company, during the "Whisky 
 Insurrection " in Western Pennsylvania ; he was for 
 many years in the Legislature o"f his native State ; 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from 1811 
 to 1813. He died at the place of his birth, July 27 
 1834. 
 
 Jtoflnei/, Ccesai: — He was horn in Dover, Kent 
 County, Delaware, in 1730 ; received a liberal educa- 
 tion ; he was High Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, and 
 a Judge in his native county ; in 1763 he was elected 
 to the State Legislature, serving several years, and 
 as Speaker in 1769 ; was a Delegate to the New York 
 Congress in 1765 ; was a Delegate from Delaware, to 
 the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and in 
 1783 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence ; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Delaware ; also served for a time as General of Mili- 
 tia ; and was President of the State of Delaware. 
 Died in 1783. A son of his was subsequently a mem- 
 ber of the Federal Congress. 
 
 Rodney, Ccesar A.— Re was a Representative 
 
 in Congress from Delaware from 1803 to 1805. He 
 was appointed Attorney-General of the United States 
 by President Jefferson ; and in 1813 commanded a 
 company of volunteers in defense of Baltimore ; 
 again a Representative in Congress from Delaware 
 from 1819 to 1821 ; and a Senator of the United States 
 from 1831 to 1833, in which year he was ajipointed 
 United States Minister to Buenos Ayres, where he 
 died June 10,1834. 
 
 Rod net/, Caleb. — He was acting Governor of 
 Delaware in 1822 and 1823, in the i>lace of John Col- 
 lins who died before the close of his term as Gover- 
 
 Rodnei/, Daniel. — He was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1809 ; Governor of Delaware from 1814 to 
 1817 ; a Representative in Congress from the State 
 of Delaware from 1822 to 1823, and a Senator in Con- 
 gress from 1826 to 1837. Died September 2, 1846, 
 aged seventy-five years. 
 
 Rodneif, George S. — He was bom in Dela- 
 ware ; graduated at Princeton College in 1820, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from his native 
 State from 1841 to 1845. He was a Delegate, in 1861, 
 to the "Peace Congress" of Washington. 
 
 Rodnei/, Thomas. — He was a Delegate from 
 Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 
 1783, and from 1785 to 1787 ; and in 1803 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Jefferson United States Judge 
 for the Territory of Mississippi. 
 
 Rof/ers, Andrew J. — He was born in Ham- 
 burg, Sussex County, New Jersey, July 1, 1828; re- 
 ceived a limited education ; S])ent the most of his 
 youth as an assistant in a hotel and in a country 
 store ; taught school for two years and a lialf, during 
 which time he studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 18.52 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Represen- 
 tative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi- 
 tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-nintli Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, Expenses in 
 the Post-Office Department, and Reconstruction. 
 
 Rof/ers, Anf/ioni/ A. C. — Born in Sumner 
 County, Tennessee, February 14, 1821 ; during his 
 youth he was occupied as a clerk in a store, and was 
 subsequently a merchant in his native State ; in 1854, 
 he removed to Arkansas, where lie continued in the 
 mercantile business ; in 1862, he was arrested and 
 placed under bonds by the State authorities for sym- 
 patliizing with the General Government ; in 1864, 
 he was elected to Congress, but not admitted : after 
 the war, he resided for a time in Illinois, but did not 
 relinquish his citizenship in Arlcansas ; and he was 
 elected a Representative from that State to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions, and Education and Labor. 
 
 Rof/ers, Charles. — He was born in New Yorlc, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from tliat State 
 from 1843 to 1845. He al.so served in tlie Assembly 
 of New York from Washington County in 1833 and 
 1837. 
 
 Rogers, Daniel. — He was Governor of Penn- 
 sylvania in the years 1797 and 1798. 
 
 Rogers, Edward. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; received a classical education, studied law, and 
 settled in Madison County, New York. He was for 
 many years County Judge ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1845. He 
 died in Qalway, Saratoga County, New York, May 
 33, 1857, aged seventy years. 
 
;I0GRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 363 
 
 Hoffei'S, IT, G. — He was a citizen of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and in 1840 lie was appointed Charge d' Affaires 
 to Sardinia, where he remained only one year. 
 
 Moffers, James. — He was born in South Caro- 
 lina ; graduated at the University of that State in 
 1813 ; adopted the profession of law, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 
 1837, aud again from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Rogers, John, — He was a Delegate from Mary- 
 land to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776. 
 Chancellor of the State and died at Annapolis in 
 1789. 
 
 Hogers, John, — He was born in Caldwell, New 
 Yorlv, May 9, 1813 ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion ; was manufacturer and merchant; was super- 
 visor of his town ten years, and was elected to the 
 Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the State Department and Manufactures. 
 
 liogei'S, Manilolph. — Born in Virginia; studied 
 and practiced as a sculptor a few years at Rome ; be- 
 came known in New York by his " Nydia," " Boy and 
 Dog," and "Angel of the Resurrection;" returned to 
 Rome and executed a marble statue of John Adams, 
 now at Mount Auburn Cemetery ; also some busts, 
 and ideal figures. His bas-reliefs, ordered by Con- 
 gress for the doors of the new Capitol at Washington, 
 represent events in the life of Columbus. He fur- 
 nished designs for the Washington monument at 
 Richmond, and memorial monuments for Rhode Isl- 
 and and Michigan. Among his smaller works are 
 " Ruth" and " Isaac." His last work was a colossal 
 statue of President Lincoln, unveiled at Philadelphia 
 in 1871. 
 
 Mogers, Sion H. — He was born in Wake Coun- 
 ty, North Carolina, September 30, 1825 ; graduated 
 at the University of North Carolina in 1846; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1848 ; was elected to the 
 Thirty-third Congress ; elected to the Legislature of 
 North Carolina in 18G0 ; served in the Confederate 
 Army as Colonel of the Forty-seventh North Carolina 
 Regiment ; was Attorney-General of North Carolina 
 from 18G2 to 1868; aud was elected to the Forty-second 
 Congress. 
 
 Rogers, Thomas J. — Born in Waterford, Ire- 
 land, in 1781, and came to the United States when only- 
 three years of age ; he was the author of biographical 
 dictionaries of Revolutionary worthies ; and edited a 
 political paper; aUd was a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1818 to 1834. He died in 
 New York City, December 7, 1833. 
 
 Rollins, Edward A, — He was born in New 
 Hampshire, and in 1865 was appointed Commissioner 
 of Internal Revenue, holding the office until he was 
 superseded by Columbus Delano in 1868. After leav- 
 ing the Treasury he removed to Philadelphia and be- 
 came interested in the business of Life Insurance. 
 
 Rollins, Edward H, — He was born in Somers- 
 worth, now Rollinford, Strafford County, New Hamp- 
 shire, October 3, 1824; received an academical educa- 
 tion, and for a short time taught school; was devoted 
 for several years to mercantile pursuits, first as a 
 clerk and then as an apothecary ; was a member of 
 the State Legislature in 1855, 1856, and 1857, serving 
 as Speaker during the last two years ; was chosen 
 Chairman of the State Republican Committee in 
 1856, which position he held until he entered Con- 
 gress ; elected a Representative from New Hamp- 
 shire to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the District of Columbia ; re-elected to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 
 the Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thir- 
 ty-ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the same 
 Committee and serving on tlie Committee on Public 
 Ex|>enditures. He was ahso a member of the Nation- 
 al Committee appointed to accompany the remains of 
 President Lincoln to Illinois ; and a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Rollins, James Sidney, — Was bom in Madi- 
 son County, Kentucky, April 19, 1813 ; graduated at 
 the State University of Indiana, at Bloomington, in 
 1830 ; studied law and graduated at the Transylvania 
 Law School, in Kentucky, in 1833 ; and soon after- 
 wards settled in Boone County, Missouri. In 1838 he 
 was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected 
 in 1840 and 1842 ; in 1846 he was elected to the State 
 Senate, and served four years ; In 1854 he was again 
 elected to the Legislature ; in 1857 he was defeated 
 as the Whig candidate for Governor by two hundred 
 and thirty votes — one hundred thousand having been 
 polled — though many thought him legally elected ; in 
 1800 he was elected a Reiiresentative from Missouri to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Commerce and Expenditures in the War De- 
 partment. He was re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval 
 Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 "National Union Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Roman, Andre Bienrenii. — Born at St. 
 Landry Parish, Louisiana, in 1795 ; was a member of 
 the Legislature in 1818 ; and fre(|uently re-elected, 
 and four years Speaker ; was Judge of St. James's 
 parish from 1826 to 1828 ; and Speaker of the House 
 from 1828 to 1830 ; was Governor from 1830 to 1834, 
 and from 1838 to 1841 ; was a member of the Con- 
 vention which passed the Ordinance of Secession, 
 which he opposed. He was appointed by the Con- 
 federate Government, with John Forsyth and Martin 
 J. Crawford, to confer with the Government of the 
 United States at Washington. Died at St. James's 
 parish, Louisiana, January 29, 1866. 
 
 Roman , J. Dixon, — He was born in Maryland ; 
 was educated a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elector on 
 two occasions and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1847 to 1849. He was President 
 of the Hagerstown Bank. He was also a Delegate to 
 the " Peace Congress" of 1861. Died in Maryland, 
 January 19, 1867. 
 
 Roosevelt, Jatnes I. — Born in the city of New 
 
 York, December 14, 1796 ; was educated at Columbia 
 College ; graduated in 1815 ; studied law with Peter 
 Augustus Jay, and was for several years his partner. 
 In 1835 and 1840 he was a member of the State Le- 
 gislature, and in 1843 and 1843 was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York City. He declined a re- 
 election, and went abroad in 1843. On his return he 
 retired from the practice of law to private life ; but 
 was induced to accept the appointment of Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of the State in 1851. He was also 
 for several years in early life a member of the city 
 government. He was also an Attorney of the United 
 States and held the office of Judge eight years. Died 
 in New York, April 5, 1875. 
 
 Roosevelt, Robert B, — He was born in the city 
 of New York in 1829 ; received a liberal education 
 and studied law ; practiced in the city of New York 
 for twenty years ; was the author of " Game Fish of 
 the North," "Superior Fishing," "Game Birds of 
 the North," " Five Acres too Much" and other works ; 
 was appointed Commissioner of Fisheries for the 
 State of New York in 1868 ; edited The New York 
 Citizen from 1868, and was elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on various Committees, but 
 
364 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ■with special zeal upon one for investigating the 
 affairs of the District of Columbia. 
 
 Moot, Erastus. — Born in Hebron, Connecticut, 
 March 16, 1773 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 
 1793 ; after which he taught school for some time, 
 and then studied law and settled in Delaware County, 
 New York, in 1796. He was a Representative in the 
 Assembly eleven years ; Speaker of the House three 
 years ; State Senator eight years ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1803 to 1805, and from 1809 to 
 1817 when he resigned, in which year he was ap- 
 pointed Postmaster at Delhi, New York, and was re- 
 elected to Congress from 1831 to 1833. In 1823 he 
 was chosen Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and he 
 was also Major-General of Militia. He died in New 
 York City, December 34, 1846. His intellect and tastes 
 were highly cultivated. 
 
 Soot, Jesse. — Bom at Northampton, Massachu- 
 setts, January, 1737 ; graduated at Princeton College 
 in 1756 ; preached about three years, and then studied 
 law ; settled in Hartford, Connecticut. He took part 
 in the Revolutionary War, and was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1778 to 1783 ; was ap- 
 pointed Judge of the Superior Court in 1779, and was 
 Chief Justice from 1796 until his resignation in 1807. 
 He died March 39, 1823. 
 
 Hoot, .TosepJi J»f.— Bom in Cayuga, New York, 
 October 7, 1817 ; read law at Auburn, and removed 
 to Ohio in 1839 ; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney 
 in that State ; in 1840 chosen to the State Senate ; and 
 served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 
 1851. He was for a time Chairman of the Committees 
 on the Post-Office, and Expenditures in the Treasury 
 Department. He was also a Presidential Elector in 
 1860, and a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Root, Joseph P. — He was a citizen of Kansas, 
 and in 1870 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary 
 to Chili, but resigned, and left that country in 1873. 
 
 Hoots, Lofjati H. — He was born in Perry Coun- 
 ty, Illinois, March 36, 1841 ; graduated at the Nor- 
 mal University of that State ; was principal of a high 
 school ; in 1863 he toolj an active part in raising 
 troops for the war, and was appointed a Quarter-mas- 
 ter ; and subsequently served as a Commissary of 
 Subsistence in tlie operations against Atlanta, with 
 the rank of Colonel. After the war he settled in 
 Arkansas as a planter, and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from that State to the Fortieth Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Mines and Mining, and Pacific Rail- 
 road. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Conven- 
 tion of 1868. 
 
 Rose, Robert L, — Born at Geneva, New York, 
 October 13, 1804 ; was a farmer by occupation ; has 
 held the office of Supervisor for the town of Allen's 
 Hill ; and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 Rose, Robert S. — He was born in Henrico Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from the State of New York from 1833 to 1837, and 
 again from 1839 to 1831. He died at Waterloo, New 
 York, November 34, 1835, aged sixty-three years. 
 
 Rosecrans, William StarJce.— Bom in King- 
 ston, Ohio, December 6, 1819 ; graduated at West 
 Point in 1843 ; entered the engineer corps ; was As- 
 sistant Professor of Engineering at West Point in 
 1843 and 1844, and from 1845 to 1847 ; Assistant Pro- 
 fessor of Natural Philosophy in 1844 and 1845 ; had 
 charge of the repairs at Fort Adams, Rhode Island, 
 
 from 1847 to 1853, and resigned from ill-health in 
 1854 ; was a civil engineer and architect at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, in 1854 and 1855 ; Superintendent of Cannel 
 Coal Company from 1855 to 1857, and engaged in 
 the manufacture of kerosene oil from 1857 to 1861 ; 
 then appointed Aid to General McClellan in Ohio ; 
 Colonel, and Chief Engineer of Ohio ; Colonel of 
 Ohio Volunteers, and Brigadier- General in United 
 States Army ; commanded the Department of Ohio, 
 and in 1863 a Division at the Siege of Corinth ; com- 
 manded Ai-my of the Mississippi, Army of the Cum- 
 berland, and won the Battle of Stone River ; was un- 
 successful at Chickamanga, in 1863, and relieved of 
 his command. In 1864 commanded Department of 
 Missouri ; was made Brevet Major-General United 
 States Army in 1865 ; resigned in 1867. Was Minis- 
 ter to Mexico in 1868 but recalled in a few months. 
 
 Ross, David. — He was a Delegate from Mary- 
 land to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787. 
 
 Ross, EdmiDtd G, — He was born in Wisconsin ; 
 received a good English education, and having com- 
 menced life as a printer, and been foreman in the 
 office of the Millwnakee Sentinel, soon became an editor 
 in his native State ; on the brealcing out of the 
 troubles in Kansas in 1856, he removed to that State, 
 and took an active part in its local affairs ; was a 
 member of the "Kansas Constitutional Convention" 
 of 1859 ; from that time until 1861 he served in the 
 State Legislature ; enlisted as a private soldier in a 
 Kansas regiment during the Rebellion, attaining the 
 rank of Major ; and subsequently became the associ- 
 ate editor of the Lnwrenee Tribune. In July, 1866, he 
 was appointed by the Governor a Senator in Congress 
 from Kansas for the unexpired term of James H. 
 Lane, deceased, serving on the Committees on Pen- 
 sions, Indian Affairs, and Printing. In January, 1867, 
 his appointment to the Senate was confirmed by the 
 Legislature, his term exi)iring in 1871, and he was 
 made Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. 
 He subsequently returned to his old occupation of 
 printing, and in 1875 was foreman of an ofiice iu Kan- 
 sas. 
 
 Ross, George, — Born in New Castle, Delaware, 
 in 1730 ; acquired a classical education under his 
 father's roof ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1751 ; settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; in 1768 he 
 was elected to the' Colonial Legislature ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777 ; 
 was one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence ; he was a member of the ('olonial Convention 
 that commenced the new government ; Chairman of 
 the Committee that formed the organization of the 
 State Government ; in 1779 he was appointed Judge 
 of the Court of Admiralty for Pennsylvania, but 
 died in July of that year from an attack of gout. He 
 was a profound lawyer, and an earnest patriot. 
 
 Ross, Henri/ IT, — He was born in Essex Coun- 
 ty, New Y'ork, and graduatad at Columbia College, 
 New York, in 1808 ; studied law, and practiced the 
 profession in Essex, Essex County, New York, for 
 fifty years ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1835 to 1837. He was County Judge 
 of Essex County in 1847 and 1848 ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1848, heading the State ticket, and 
 officiating as President of the Electoral College. 'He 
 died September 13, 1803. He was distinguished for 
 his ability, eloquence, dignity, and high character. 
 
 Ross, James. — Born about the year 1761, in 
 Pennsylvania. He was a lawyer by profession, and 
 was a member of the Convention that formed the 
 Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1790. He was a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1794 to 1803, 
 serving during one session as President pro tern, of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 365 
 
 thiit body, and died at his residence, near Pittsburg, 
 November 37, 1847. 
 
 Moss, John , — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1811, and again 
 from 1815 to 1818, having resigned. 
 
 Jioss, Leivis IV. — He was bom in Seneca Coun- 
 ty, New York, December 8, 1813 ; removed with his 
 father to Illinois when a boy ; was educated at the 
 Illinois College ; adopted the profession of law. In 
 1840 and 1844, he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, and a Dele- 
 gate in 1860 to the Charleston and Baltimore Conven- 
 tions. In 1861 was elected to the " State Constitu- 
 tional Convention ; " and in 1843 was elected a 
 Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee ou Invalid Pensions. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Indian Affairs ; and also re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional 
 Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Boss, 31iles. — Born at Rari tan Township, Middle- 
 sex County, New Jersey, April 30, 1828 ; received a 
 common-school education ; was for many years engaged 
 with his father in the shipping business, and was a 
 wholesale coal merchant, and largely interested in 
 vessel property ; filled most of the local offices of the 
 district ; was a member of the Board of Freeholders, 
 and was a Representative to the State Legislature for 
 two years ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Hoss, Sobieski, — He was born in Coudersport, 
 Pennsylvania, May 10, 1838 ; educated as a surveyor 
 and engineer, but engaged in settling land in the 
 northern counties of Pennsylvania ; and was elected 
 to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the 
 Forty-fourth, serving on the Committee on Agricul- 
 ture. 
 
 Ross, Thomas. — He was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania ; graduated at Princeton College in 1835 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1849 to 18.53. 
 
 Moss, Thomas M. — Died near Lebanon, Ohio, 
 June 38, 1869. He was born in 1789 ; was long a 
 leading lawyer in Warren County, Ohio, and was 
 legal preceptor of Thomas Corwin, who became hjg 
 partner in the practice of law. In 1849 he retired 
 from business and settled upon a farm, and two years 
 before his death he became blind. He was considered 
 a man of great ability and learning. When in Con- 
 gress, he voted for the Missouri Compromise of 
 1820. 
 
 Moss, Williatn H. — He was bom in Delaware 
 and elected Governor of that State in 1851, continuing 
 in the office until 1855. 
 
 Mossell, JVilliain. — He was bom in New Jersey 
 in 1761 ; received a good education and studied law ; 
 and was for many years a Judge of the United States 
 District Court, and also a Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of New Jersey, and died at Mount Holly, June 30, 
 1840. 
 
 Most, Piei're A.. — He was born in France ; edu- 
 cated in Paris and participated in the military opera- 
 tions of 1814 in that city ; removed to Louisiana and 
 studied law ; practiced the profession with marked 
 success ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1833 ; in 1836 to the State Senate ; and in 1838 he 
 was appointed to a Judgeship on the Supreme Bench 
 of the State, which position he filled with honor for 
 many years. 
 
 Moasseau, Lovell IT. — He was born near Stan- 
 ford, Lincoln County, Kentucky, August 4, 1818, to 
 wliich place his father had emigrated from Virginia ; 
 was chiefly educated by himself, acquiring a good 
 English education, and having adopted the profession 
 of law, practiced it with success in Indiana, to which 
 he removed in 1841. He was elected for three years 
 to the Legislature of Indiana, and for three years to 
 the Senate of the State ; served through the war 
 with Mexico as a Captain, and was present at Buena 
 Vista ; in 1850 he returned to Louisville, Kentucky, 
 where he subsequently resided. In 1860 he was 
 elected by both political parties to the Senate of Ken- 
 tucky, and after serving through the stormy session 
 of 18G1, resigned his seat, and asked for permission 
 to raise troops for the war. In June of that year he 
 was commissioned a Colonel of Volunteers, and in 
 July was in camp with four companies ; in October, 
 1861, he was appointed a Brigadier-General, was pres- 
 ent at the battle of Shiloh, and reported for gal- 
 lantry ; was also in the battle of Perryville, and for 
 his "distinguished gallantry and good service" 
 there, was, in October, 1863, appointed a Major-Gen- 
 eral. He was also in the advance upon Corinth after 
 the battle of Shiloh, and in the battle of Stone River, 
 and many similar engagements. He conducted, in 
 1864, a highly important and successful raid into the 
 heart of Alabama, and defended Fortress Rosecrans 
 with eight thousand men during the siege of Nash- 
 ville. In 1865 he was elected a representative from 
 Kentucky to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Military Affairs and on Roads and 
 Canals. He was also one of the Representatives des- 
 ignated by the House to attend the funeral of Gen- 
 eral Scott, in 1866. In June, 1866, he made a per- 
 sonal assault on J. B. Grinnell, a fellow-member of 
 the House, for words spoken in debate ; and although 
 the committee appointed to investigate the subject 
 re]>orted a resolution to expel, the House adopted 
 the minority report to reprimand him for violating 
 the privileges of the House ; wheupon he resigned 
 his seat as a Representative in the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, but was re-elected during the subsequent re- 
 cess to the same C'ongress, serving again on the Com- 
 mittees on Military Affairs, and Roads and Canals. 
 In April, 1867, he was appointed a Brigadier-General 
 in the regular army ; and was assigned to duty in the 
 New Territory of Alaska. 
 
 Mousseau, Michard H. — He was a citizen of 
 Kentucky, and in 1866 was appointed Minister Resi- 
 to Honduras, returning to America in 1869. 
 
 Mowan, JTohn. — Was born in Pennsylvania, in 
 1773 ; emigrated to Kentucky when quite young ; he 
 was a member of the Convention which formed the 
 Constitution of 1799 ; he was Secretary of State in 
 1804; elected a member of Congress fiom 1807 to 
 1809 ; for many years a member of the General 
 Assembly ; Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1819 ; 
 and was a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1831. 
 His last public position was that of Minister to the 
 Two Sicilies. He died in Louisville, Kentucky, 
 July 13, 1853. 
 
 Mowan, John. — He was a native of Kentucky, 
 son of the Congressman bearing the same name ; 
 Charge d' Affaires to Sicily in 1848. Died in Kentucky 
 in August, 1855. (Error, same as above.) 
 
 Motve, Peter. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York, from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Mowland, Dai'id. — He was a Delegate from 
 Connecticut to the Colonial Congress, which met in 
 New York in 1765. 
 
 Moyce, Homer E, — He was bom in Berkshire, 
 
366 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 Vermont, in 1819 ; received a common-school educa- 
 tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1S4'2 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 
 1846 and 1847 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for the 
 State in 1848 ; a State Senator in 1849, 1850, and 
 1851 ; and was elected a Representative from Ver- 
 mont to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem- 
 ber of tlie Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was also 
 re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the same committee ; and he was a Dele- 
 gate to the PMladelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 
 1866. 
 
 Moyce, Stephen. — Born in Tinmouth, Vermont, 
 August 12, 1787, graduated at Middlebury College in 
 1807 ; was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State 
 in 1836 and 1827, and from 1829 to 1852 ; was Chief 
 Justice from 1846 to 1831 ; member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1815 and 1816, from Sheldon County, and 
 from 1822 to 1824 from St. Albans County, was Gov- 
 ernor of Vennont from 1834 to 1856. Received the 
 degree of LL.D,, from the University of Vermont in 
 1837. Died in East Berkshire, Vermont, Novem 
 ber 11, 1868. 
 
 Hublee, FForace, — He was a citizen of Wiscon- 
 sin, and in 1869 he was appointed Minister Resident 
 to Switzerland. 
 
 Siiffln. Thomas. — Born in Edgecombe County, 
 North Carolina ; graduated at Chapel Hill Univer- 
 sity ; is a lawyer by profession, and served as Circuit 
 Attorney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the State 
 of Missouri, from December, 1844, to December, 
 1848 ; and was elected a Representative from North 
 Carolina to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty- 
 fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committees on Public Lands, on Accounts, 
 and on the Militia. He took part in the Rebellion of 
 1861 as a member of the Rebel Congress, having pre- 
 qiously been a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 
 ISOl. He also served as a Colonel in the Southern 
 army, and from the effects of a wound, died at Alex- 
 andria, Virginia, in October, 1863. 
 
 Rii.f/fffes, Benjamin. — Bom in Windham 
 County, Connecticut. He obtained the means for 
 receiving a classical education by teaching a school 
 in winter. He studied law, and after his admission 
 to the bar removed to Marietta, Ohio ; he subse- 
 quently settled at St. Clairsville ; and in 1810 was 
 elected President Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas for the Third Circuit. He was elected by the 
 Legislature a Senator of the United' States from 
 Oliio, serving from 1815 to 1833 ; and from his well- 
 known habits of industry, and constant devotion to 
 the interests of his constituents, he was called " The 
 Wheelhorse of the Senate." Prom his youth he was 
 a ra(fcber of the Masonic fraternity. In 1837 he was 
 a Presidential Elector. He died at St. Clairsville, 
 September 3, 1837, aged seventy-four years. He 
 served on many of the most important Committees. 
 
 Rlif/fflcn, Charles IT. — He was bom in Litch- 
 field County, Connecticut, about the year 1790 ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; and removing to New 
 York was a member of tlie Legislature in 1820 ; a 
 Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1823 ; was 
 for many years a Judge of tlie Circuit Court ; served 
 for a second term in the State Legislature ; was made 
 a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Pre.siding Judge 
 from 1853 ; retired from the bench in 1835 ; and died 
 at Poughkeepsie, June 16, 1865. 
 
 Rnqffles, .Tohn. — Bom in Westborough, Massa- 
 chusetts : was well educated, and possessed a taste for 
 the mechanic arts ; and was a Senator in Congress 
 from Maine from 1835 to 1841, and a member of the 
 
 Committee on Commerce. He took a special interest 
 in, and was the originator, when in Congress, of the 
 idea of a re-organization of the Patent Otlice ; and the 
 very first patent granted after the re-organization, 
 July 28, 1836, was granted to him for a locomotive 
 steam-engine. He was nine times elected to the 
 Maine Legislature, and officiated as Speaker three 
 years ; and from 1835 to 1841 was Judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas. 
 
 RiigrjJes, Nathaniel. — He was a native of 
 Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1781 ; was a Representative in Congress from Massa- 
 chusetts from 1813 to 1819, and died at Roxbury, 
 Massachusetts, December 19 of the latter year, at the 
 age of fifty-eight years. 
 
 Rugf/les. Timofhf/. — Bom in RochesteJ', Mas- 
 sachusetts, October 11, 1711 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1732 ; was a successful lawyer ; was a 
 member of the Legislature in 1736 ; served as Briga- 
 dier-General and second in command at the battle of 
 Lake George in 1755 ; was appointed Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas in 1756, and the Chief Justice 
 until the Revolution ; was Speaker of the Assembly 
 in 1762 and 1763 ; was a Delegate to the Stamp Act 
 Congress at New York in 1765, and its president, but 
 refused to concur in its measures and was reprimand- 
 ed by the Legislature. He adhered to the royal cause 
 and took refuge in Boston ; in 1775 he accompanied 
 the British troops to Nova Scotia, and became one of 
 the proprietors of the town of Digby. He was 
 remarkable for his wit, and in a drama, " The Group," 
 figures as Brigadier Hateall. He died at Wilmot, 
 Nova Scotia, August 4,1795. 
 
 Jlumsey, Bertjatnin. — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 
 1778. ■ . 
 
 ij 
 
 Iiinnsei/r David. Jr. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 lilt msetf, Edward. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 liunk, JTohn. — He was bom in New Jersey; 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Runnels. JTarrison R, — He was bom in Mis- 
 sissippi ; emigrated to Texas in 1841 ; served in the 
 Legislature of the State and was Speaker of the 
 House ; in 1855 he was elected Lieutenant Governor, 
 and was elected Governor of Texas in 1857. Died in 
 Cowie County, Mississippi. 
 
 Runnels, Hiram G. — He was Governor of 
 Mississippi from 1833 to 1833. 
 
 Runi/on, Peter P. — He was horn in 1787 ; 
 graduated at Rutger's College and adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; and was for many years one of the 
 ablest jurists in New Jersey. He was for fifty 
 years a prominent leader in the affairs of the Baptist 
 denomination ; and died in New Brunswick, Novem- 
 ber 27, 1871. 
 
 Rilsh, Renfnmin. — Bom in Bristol. Bucks 
 County. Pennsylvania. December 24, 1745 ; was 
 educated chieffy at Princeton College ; studied medi- 
 cine for six years, and then attended lectures at the 
 Edinburgh University : practiced in the hospitals of 
 I^ondon, and completed his studies in Paris ; on his 
 return he was at once appointed a Professor in a 
 medical institution in Philadelphia ; he was an 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 367 
 
 earnest advocate of the cause of liberty ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777 ; 
 and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He 
 was a member of the Convention called to ratify tho 
 Federal Constitution, and subsequently held the post 
 of Cashier of the United States Mint. On retiring 
 from political life he devoted his whole attention to 
 his profession, and was a Professor in various impor- 
 tant institutions ; and as a high officer, took an active 
 part in the Society for the Al)olition of Slavery, the 
 Philadelphia Bible Society, the Philadelphia Medical 
 Society, and the American Philosophical Society. 
 Among his numerous writings were " Medical 
 Inquiries and Observations," and a "History of the 
 Yellow Fever." Died April 19, 1813, and is remem- 
 bered as one of the leading medical men of his time. 
 He was the father of Richard Rush, for many years 
 Minister to England and France, and also Secretary 
 of the Treasury under President J. Q. Adams. 
 
 Siixh, Richarfl, — Born in Philadelphia, August 
 29, 1780, and was the son of Benjamin Rush ; gradu- 
 ated at Princeton College in 1797 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1800, in 1811 be was made At- 
 torney-General of the State, and soon afterwards 
 appointed by President Madison Comptroller of tlie 
 Treasur_v ; on July 4, 181'3, b}' request, he delivered 
 an oration in the Capitol ; in 1814 he was appointed 
 Attorney-General of the United States, having 
 declined the Treasury Department ; for a few months 
 he perfonned the duties of Secretary of State, under 
 President Monroe ; in 1817 he was appointed Minister 
 to England, serving until 1825 ; he was Secretary of 
 the Treasury, under President J. Q. Adams ; was the 
 , candidate for Vice-President on the ticket with 
 Adams ; in 1847 he was appointed Minister to France 
 by President Polk, remaining in office ten years. In 
 1833 he published "A Residence at the Court of St. 
 James ; " a Sequel to it in 1845 ; in 1857, " Familiar 
 Letters of Washington ; " and in 1860 a volume of 
 "Occasional Productions " was published. He took 
 a leading part in securing the fund of the Smithsoni- 
 an Institution, and was a Regent of the same ; and 
 published various papers and addresses on literary 
 and political topics. Died in Philadelphia, Julv 30, 
 1859. 
 
 Himk, fTeremiah 31. — He was born in Morgan 
 County, Ohio, June 17, 1830 ; received a good educa- 
 tion ; removed to Wisconsin in 1853 ; held several 
 county offices ; was a member of the Legislature in 
 1863 ; commissioned Major of Wisconsin Volunteers 
 in 1863 ; soon afterward promoted ; served with Gen- 
 eral Sherman from the siege of Vicksburg until mus- 
 tered out at the close of the war, and was brevetted 
 Brigadier-General for meritorious services at the bat- 
 tle of Salkehatchie ; elected Bank Comptroller of 
 Wisconsin in 1866, and re-elected for 1868 ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Invalid Pensions. -(-U^i. f-, ^«.'c tv,^i. .r 
 
 Sii.iJc, Tliomas ,T. — He was bom In South 
 Carolina, studied law, and practiced with success in 
 Georgia. In the early part of 1835 he removed to 
 Texas, and was a prominent actor in all the impor- 
 tant events in the history of the Republic of the 
 State of Texas. He was a member of the Convention 
 that declared Texas an independent Republic, in 
 March, 1836 ; was the first Secretary of War ; parti- 
 cipated in the battle of San Jacinto, and took command 
 of the army after Genera] Houston was wounded. He 
 continued in command of the army until the organi- 
 zation of the Constitutional Government in October, 
 1836, when he was again appointed Secretary of War, 
 and resigned after a few months. He afterwards 
 commanded several expeditions against the Indians ; 
 served as a member of the House of Representatives, 
 
 and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which 
 last office he resigned early in 1843. In 1845 he was 
 President of the Convention that consummated the 
 annexation of Texas to the United States. Upon the 
 admission of Texas into the Union, in 1845, he was 
 elected one of the Senators in the Congress of the 
 United States, in which office he served two terms, and 
 was elected for the third term, ending in 1863. He was 
 Chairman of the Committee on the Post-office. He 
 took a deep interest in the wagon-road to the Pacific, 
 and the overland Mail. At the time of his death, 
 which occurred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 39, 1856, 
 he was President pro tern, of the Senate. In a 
 moment of insanity, caused by overwhelming grief at 
 the death of his wife, he took his own life, aged 
 fifty-four years. 
 
 Huss, tTohn. — He was a native of Ipswich, Mas- 
 sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1833. He died at 
 Hartford. Connecticut, June 32, 1832, aged sixty- 
 eight years. 
 
 Hussefl, David. — He wns born in Massachu- 
 setts, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1835 to 1841, ser\-ing as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Claims. He was also in the As- 
 sembly of that State, in 1816 and 1830, from Wash- 
 ington County, and District Attorney for Northern 
 New York. Died at Salem, Washington County, 
 New York, November 24, 1861, aged sixty-one 
 years. 
 
 Sitssefl, tTntnes M, — He was bom in York, 
 Pennsylvania, November 10, 1786 ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 
 1843. He was a successful lawyer, and died in Bed- 
 ford, December 20, 1870. 
 
 liu.isell, •Tereniiah. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 liKSself, .Toll n.— He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1805 to 1809. 
 
 Jiiisself, Jonathan. — He was appointed Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary to Sweden in 1814, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1821 to 1833. Died February 16, 1833. His birth- 
 place was Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 
 
 Jiiissell, .Josejyh. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 SiiSf^eU, Samuel L, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 HilK^ell, Thomas. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts, and was appointed from that State in 1874 Min- 
 ister Resident to Venezuela, residing at Caracas. 
 
 Jiltssrff, William. — He was bom in Ireland, 
 and having emigrated to Ohio, was a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1833, and 
 again from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Russell, William F. — Born in Saugerties, Ul- 
 ster County, New York ; was a merchant for twenty 
 years, and a member of the Legisla.ture of New 
 York in 1850, serving one term ; was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Must, Albert. — He was born in Virginia, and, 
 removing to Arkansas, was a Representative in Con- 
 
 3 li->oii"l'^9^ 
 
368 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 gress from that State from 1855 to 1857, and again 
 from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Committee on Roads 
 and Canals, and tlie Special Committee of Thirty- 
 tliree on the Rebellious States. He took part in tlie 
 Rebellion of 1801, and was a Brigadier-General. 
 
 Mntherford, Allan. — He was born in New 
 Tork City, October 29,18^9; brought up in a mercantile 
 house and studied law, coming to the bar in 1800 ; 
 served as a volunteer officer during the Rebellion, 
 and became a Brigadier-General by brevet ; settled in 
 Wilmington, North Carolina; was appointed in 180G 
 a Captain in the regular army, but resigned in 1870 
 to accept the office of Third Auditor of the Treasury, 
 and has continued in that office to the present time. 
 
 Rutherford, John. — He was a native of New 
 York City ; a nephew of William Alexander, Earl of 
 Stirling ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1776 ; 
 was educated a lawyer; was a Presidential Elector in 
 1798, 1813, and 1831 ; a Senator of the United States 
 from New Jer.sey from 1791 to 1798 ; and was the last 
 survivor of the Senators in Congress during the ad- 
 ministration of Washington. He early retired from 
 public life, and, being one of the largest landholders 
 in New Jersey, was actively engaged in agricultural 
 and internal improvements. He died at Ederstou, 
 New Jersey, February 33, 1840, in the eightieth year 
 of his age. 
 
 Rutherford, John. — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia and (iovernor of that State from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Rutherford, Robert, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797. 
 
 Rutledge, Edward. — Born in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, in November, 1749 ; received a good educa- 
 tion, and studied law at the Temple in London ; lie 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 
 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; 
 he took part in military affairs, and was taken pris- 
 oner at Charleston, remaining in confinement nearly 
 a year ; subsequently served in the State Assembly ; 
 in 1798 he was elected Governor of South Carolina, 
 holding the office until his death, which occurred 
 January 33, 1800. He stood high both as an orator 
 and a patriot. 
 
 Rutledge, Jfohn. — He was born in Ireland in 
 1739 ; emigrated to South Carolina ; studied law in 
 England, and, returning to South Carolina in 1761, 
 took an active part in the Revolutionary cause, and 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. In 1776 
 he was appointed President of South Carolina, and 
 Commander-in-Chief of that Colony, having also been 
 a member of the Convention of 1774. He was Gov- 
 ernor of the State in 1779 ; Chancellor of the State in 
 1784 ; member of the Convention to form the Consti- 
 tution, and signed that instrument ; a Representative 
 in Congress from 1797 to 1803 ; and, after having 
 been Judge of the Court of Chancery, Chief Justice 
 of South Carolina, and Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States, was finally promoted to the po- 
 sition of Chief Justice, but was not confirmed by the 
 Senate. Died in July, 1800. 
 
 Ryall, D. R. — He was bom In Trenton, New Jer- 
 sey ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 
 1841. 
 
 Rl/erson, 3farfin. — He was born in New Jer- 
 sey in 1815 ; received a liberal education and adopted 
 the profession of law, in which he was eminently sue 
 cessful ; he was for a time Associate Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of New Jersey ; and in 1874 he was 
 appointed one of the Judges of the Court organized 
 
 in Washington for the purpose of adjudicating on the 
 Alabama Claims. He participated to some extent in 
 the political affairs of his time, and was noted for his 
 high character and benevolence. Ill health caused 
 him to resign his last public position, and he died at 
 his residence in Newton, New Jersey, in June, 1875. 
 He was remarkable for his strict business habits, and 
 a few hours before his death he made a calculation as 
 to the cost of his funeral, and signed a check for the 
 amount required, giving as a reason that he did not 
 want his executors to be troubled about the matter 
 while settling his estate. 
 
 Sabin, Alvali. — He was bom in Georgia, Ver- 
 mont, October 33, 1793 ; was educated for the minis- 
 try ; and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1853 to 1857. He served ten years in the 
 State Legislature ; and was Secretary of State for 
 Vermont in 1841. 
 
 Sabine, Lorenzo. — He was born in Lisbon, New 
 Hampshire, February 38, 1803 ; was entirely self-ed- 
 ucated ; was bred a merchant ; was for many years a 
 bank officer ; and was for some time Secretary of the 
 Boston Board of Trade. He was three times elected 
 to the Legislature of Maine from Eastport, and was 
 at one time Deputy Collector of the port of Passama- 
 quoddy. He has held, in Massachusetts, the position 
 of Confidential Agent of the Treasury Department ; 
 and was a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-second Congress. He has devoted much of his 
 time to literary pursuits, and is the author of a " Life 
 of Commodore Preble," " The American Loyalists," 
 " Report on the American Fisheries," and " Notes on 
 Duels and Duelling," and has been a contributor to 
 the North American Eevmo and other leading 
 periodicals. The degree of A.M. was conferred upon 
 him by Bowdoin and Harvard Colleges. 
 
 Sackett, William A. — Born in New York and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1853, and was a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Saffold, Reid>en. — Born in Wilkes County, 
 Georgia, September 4, 1788 ; after practicing law in 
 Georgia he removed to Jackson, Alabama, in 1813 ; 
 he commanded a company of Volunteers during the 
 Indian troubles ; was a member of the Territorial 
 Legislature of Mississippi for several years ; was a 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention in 
 1819 ; and was in that year appointed one of the Cir- 
 cuit Judges, and subsequently a member of the 
 Supreme Court ; in 1833 he was one of the three 
 judges appointed to the Supreme Bench, of which in 
 183.5 and 1836 he was Chief Justice. Died in Dallas 
 County, Alabama, February 15, 1847. 
 
 Sage, Ebenezer. — He graduated at Yale College 
 in 1778, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 
 1830. He died in 1834. 
 
 Sage, Russell. — Bom in Oneida County, New 
 York, August 4, 1810 ; received a common-school ed- 
 ucation ; commenced active life as a clerk in a store 
 at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly devoted to mer- 
 cantile pursuits. In 1841 he was elected an alder- 
 man m the city of Troy, and by annual elections, 
 served seven years in that capacity ; he was also 
 Treasurer of Rensselaer County for seven years, in 
 which otBce he was especially popular ; and he was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1853 
 to 1857; serving on the Committees on Invalid Pen- 
 sions, and on Ways and Means. He was the first mati 
 who advocated, on the floor of Congress, the purchase 
 by the General Government of Mount Vernon ; and 
 he was among the most active supporters of Mr. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 369 
 
 Banks for tlie oiSce of Speaker of the House of Rep- 
 resentatives. 
 
 Sniff I/, Peter.— He was bom in Loraine, France ; 
 first came to the United States in 1783, and settled in 
 Clinton County, Neve York. Having been well edu- 
 cated and possessing a decided talent for business, he 
 acquired considerable influence, and held several 
 offices of public trust in his adopted State. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1805 
 to 1807, and, on his retirement from that position, he 
 was appointed by President Jefferson Collector of Cus- 
 toms for the District of Champlain, holding the office 
 until his death, which occurred at Plattsburg, in 
 1836. 
 
 Saftotisfaff, Levereff, — Born in Massachusetts, 
 in 1781 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1803 ; com- 
 menced the practice of law in Salem in 1805, and was 
 distinguished as a lawyer ; was a State Senator in 
 1831 ; Mayor of Salem from 1830 to 1838 ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1837 ; he frequently served in 
 the State Legislature, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1838 to 1843. He was also an active 
 member of the American Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 
 and the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon 
 him by Harvard College, to which he left a legacy, 
 and he also made a bequest of valuable books to 
 Phillips' Academy at Exeter, where he commenced 
 his education. He died at Salem, Massachusetts, 
 May 8, 1845. 
 
 Sdft on staff, Ricliard. — Born at Haverhill, 
 June 14, 1703 ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1732 ; was a Representative in the Legislature in 
 1728 ; a member of the Council ; and in 1736 a Judge 
 of the Superior Court, which he resigned a few 
 months before his death, on account of ill health. 
 He was Chairman of the Committee for settling the 
 boundary line between Massachusetts and New 
 Hampshire. Died October 20, 1756. 
 
 Sfiuimons, Thomas. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1803 to 1807, and 
 again from 1809 to 1813. 
 
 Sampfe, Sainuel C. — He was bom in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana 
 from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Sampson, Ezekiel S. — Bom in Huron County, 
 Ohio, December 6, 1831 ; received his early education 
 at public schools, later at Howe's Academy, Iowa, and 
 at Knox College Illinois ; studied law, and began to 
 practice at Sigourney, Iowa, in 1856 ; was Prosecuting 
 Attorney in 1856, 1857 and 1858 ; was Captain in the 
 Fifth Iowa Infantry in 1861 and 1863, and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel in 1863 and 1864 ; State Senator in 1866 ; 
 Judge of the Sixth District of Iowa from January, 
 1867, to January, 1875, and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Sampson, Zabdiet. — He was born inPlympton, 
 Massachusetts ; graduated at Brown University in 
 1803, and adopted the profession of law. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from his native State from 
 1817 to 1819 ; and in 1830 he was appointed Collector 
 of Customs at Plymouth, where he died, while in 
 office, July 19, 1828. 
 
 Samuef, Green B. — Bom in Virginia in 1794, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 1839 to 1841. He was for eleven years Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Appeals, and died at Richmond 
 January 5, 1859, aged sixty-five years. 
 
 Sandford, John. — He was a native of New 
 24 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1841 to 1843, and a member of the 
 New I'ork Senate, in the extra session of 1851. He 
 died in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York, 
 October, 1857. 
 
 Sandford, Jonah. — He was a member of the 
 New Y'ork Assembly in 1827 and 1830, from the 
 County of St. Lawrence, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1830 to 1831. 
 
 Sandford , Lewis II. — Born in Onondaga Coun- 
 ty, New York, about 1806 ; studied the profession of 
 law at Syracuse ; removed to New Y'ork City in 1833; 
 was made Assistant Vice-Chancellor of the first Cir- 
 cuit in 1843; Vice-Chancellor in 1846, and Associate 
 Justice of the Superior Court in 1847, which position 
 he held until his death, which occurred in Toledo, 
 Ohio, in 1852, ol cholera. He published five volumes 
 of Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of New 
 Y'ork City, and four volumes of New York Chancery 
 Reports, from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Sandford, Thomas, — Born in Westmoreland 
 County, Virginia, in 1763 ; removed to Kentucky in 
 1792, and settled at Covington ; was a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1799 ; was several 
 times a member of the Legislature ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1803 to 1807. He was 
 drowned in the Ohio River, December 10, 1808. 
 
 Sandidffe, John M. — Born in Franklin Coun- 
 ty, Georgia, January 7, 1817 ; was a planter by occu- 
 pation, and served as a member of the Legislature of 
 Louisiana from 1846 to 1855. In 1852 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Convention that framed the present Con- 
 stitution of that State ; Speaker of the House in 1854 
 and 1855; and elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
 fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman 
 of the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
 
 Sands, lienjaniin F. — Born in Maryland, Feb- 
 ruary 11, 1813; was appointed Midshipman in 1828 ; 
 Lieutenant in 1840 ; Commander in 1855 ; Captain in 
 1863; Commodore in 1860; Rear-Admiral in 1871; was 
 attached to the Coast Survey from 1836 to 1841, and 
 from 1851 to 1858; was at the capture of Tabasco, 
 Mexico, in 1847 ; commanded Coast Survey Steamer 
 Active in 1861 and 1863 ; commanded steam sloop 
 Dakota, of North Atlantic Blockade Squadron, in 
 1863; commanded Steamer F/irt Jackson of the same 
 squadron in 1864 and in 1865 ; was in both attacks on 
 Fort Fisher, and on the blockade of Wilmington was 
 most of the time senior officer ; and commanded tliat 
 division from November, 1862, to February, 1865; 
 and was appointed Superintendent of the National 
 Observatory at Washington May 8, 1867. 
 
 Sands, Joshua. — He was born in Queens Coun- 
 ty, New York, in 1758, and was a member of the 
 New York Senate from Kings County from 1792 tO' 
 1799, and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 
 1804, and again from 18'28 to 1837. During the war 
 of 1'775 he was a member of the Brooklyn Home 
 Guards; in 1797 he was appointed by President 
 Adams Collector of Customs for the Port of New 
 Y'ork ; and was at one time a Magistrate in Kings 
 County; and he also took an active part, with two 
 brothers, in the Revolutionary War to its close. Died 
 iu his native county, September 13, 18.35. He was tlie 
 father of the present Commodore Sands. 
 
 Sanford, David C — Born in New\ MOford^. 
 Connecticut, in 1800 ; studied law and came to the 
 bar in Litchfield County; served in both branches of 
 the Legislature, and in 1854 was elected a Justice of 
 the Supreme and Superior Courts of the State. Died 
 at New Milford, May 10, 1864. 
 
3T0 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 X 
 
 Sanford, Edward tT.—Y{e was born in New 
 ICaven, Connecticut, July 4, 1826; graduated at Yale 
 CoUe.ife in 1847, and at the Yale Law School in 1849; 
 was elected to tlie State Senate in 1804 and 1865; dur- 
 ing the same years was City Judge; in 1867 he was 
 elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, and re-elected 
 to the same position in 1875. 
 
 Sanford, Henry S. — He was, in 1849, ap- 
 pointed Secretary of Legation to France, and from 
 1861 to 1869 he was Minister Resident to Belgium. 
 
 Sanford, James T. — He was born in Virginia, 
 but removed to Tennessee at an early day. He was 
 a Representative in C'ungress from Tennessee from 
 1833 to 182.5. He was liberally educated, and having 
 acquired a large property in the pursuits of agricul- 
 ture, he appropriated a part of his wealth to the es- 
 tablishment of "Jackson College," where many 
 prominent men have been educated. He died many 
 years ago. 
 
 Satlford, JonaJi, — He was born in Coruwall, 
 Vermont, in 1789; removed to Hopkinton, New York, 
 in 1811 ; in 1829 and 1830 lie represented his county 
 in the State Legislature; he was a Representative in 
 Congress for the unexpired term of Silas Wright, 
 from December, 1830, to March, 1831; and was one of 
 the Associate Judges of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he ex- 
 erted himself-to raise a regiment of troops, in which 
 he succeeded and then turned it over to the command 
 of another. Died in Hopkinton, December 25, 1807. 
 
 Stinford, Nathan. — Born in Bridgehampton, 
 Long Island, November 5, 1779 ; was admitted to the 
 barin 1799; was United Slates Commissioner of Bauk- 
 ruptcy for New York in 1802; United States District 
 Attorney for New York from 1803 to 1816 ; Speaker 
 of the Assembly in 1811 ; afterward State Senator; 
 member of the State Constitutional Convention in 
 1821 ; Chancellor of New York from 1823 to 1825 ; 
 United States Senator from 1815 to 1821, and again 
 from 1825 to 1831. He died at Bridgehampton, Oc- 
 tober, 1838. 
 
 Satlford, Stephen. — Born in Montgomery Coun- 
 ty, New York, May 36, 1826; educated at the George- 
 town (District of Columbia) College and the Pongli- 
 keepsie Institute; was a carpet manufacturer; and 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committees on Manu- 
 factures and Patents. 
 
 Sapj}, If'illiatn R. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 .was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1857. 
 
 Sargeant, Nathaniel Peaslee. — Born in Me- 
 
 thuen, Massachusetts, November 3, 1731 ; graduated 
 at Harvard University in 1750 ; studied law and prac- 
 ticed in Haverhill ; was elected a Delegate to tlie 
 Provincial Congress in 1775 ; was a Representative in 
 the Legislature in 1776 ; Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of the State ; and Chief Justice in 1789. Died in 
 Haverhill, October, 1791. 
 
 Sargent, Aaron A. — Was born in Newbury- 
 port, Massachusetts, September 28, 1827 ; early ac- 
 quired a knowledge of the printing business ; emi- 
 grated to California in 1849 ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1854 ; and in 1861 was elected a Repre- 
 seatative from California to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Select Committee 
 on the Pacific Railroad, to which enterprise he was 
 particularly devoted. Re-elected to tlie Forty-first 
 ■und Forty-second Congresses. He was also elected a 
 Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1873 
 
 and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on 
 Naval Affairs, Mines and Mining, and Appropriations. 
 
 Sargent, Nathan. — He was bom in Putney, 
 Vermont, May 5, 1794 ; received a good education, 
 studied law, and in his twenty-third year removed to 
 Cahawba, Alabama, where he was a Judge of the 
 County and Probate Courts. Between the years 1820 
 and 1830 he resided in Buffalo, New York ; in the 
 latter year he went to Philadelphia and established a 
 Wliig newspaper ; subsequently became the Wash- 
 ington correspondent of the United States Gazette of 
 Philadelphia, and by the assumed name of Oliver 
 Oldschool, became quite famous ; in 1849 he was 
 elected Sergeant-at-anns by the House of Represent- 
 atives in Washington ; was Register of the Treasury 
 from 1851 to 1853 ; in 1861 he was appointed Com- 
 missioner of Customs, and held the position until 1871, 
 when he resigned ; and he died in Washington, Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1875. At the time of his death he was Presi- 
 dent of the Washington Reform School, and his last 
 literary labor was the preparation of a work entitled 
 "Public Men and Events," which came from the 
 press, in two volumes, only a few days before his 
 death. He made a decided mark in his time as a 
 journalist, an executive officer, and a man of high 
 character. 
 
 Sargent, Jf'int?troj>. — Born in Gloucester, Mas- 
 sachusetts, May 1, 1753 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity, in 1771 ; in 1775 he was Captain of one of his 
 father's ships ; he entered the army in that year ; 
 was appointed Navy Agent at Gloucester in 1776 ; 
 was Captain and Lieutenant of Knox's Regiment of 
 Artillery in 1776, and took part in the siege of Boston 
 and the battlesof Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, 
 Princeton, Brandywine,Germantown, Monmouth, etc., 
 attaining the rank of Major, serving during the whole 
 war. He became connected with the Ohio Company, 
 and in 1786 was appointed by Congress Surveyor of the 
 North-west Territory ; its Secretary' in 1787 ; and Gov- 
 ernorof the Territoiy of Mississippi from 1798 to 1801; 
 was Adjutant-Genera! of St. Clair's army in the un- 
 fortunate expedition against the Indians in 1791 ; and 
 was wouuded ; he was Adjutant-General and Inspec- 
 tor in Wayne's campaign in 1794 and 1795 ; was mem- 
 ber of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the 
 Philosophical Society. He published "Boston, a 
 Poem," in 1803. Died on a voyage from Natchez to 
 Philadelphia, June 3, 1830. His grandson, bearing 
 the same name, was noted as an author. 
 
 Sanlsbiiri/, Eli, — Was born in Kent County, 
 Delaware, December 39, 1817 ; educated at Dickinson 
 College ; studied and practiced law ; was a member 
 of the State Legislature of Delaware in 1853 and 1854; 
 and elected a Senator in Congress in 1871, for the term 
 ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Pen- 
 sions, Privileges, and Elections, and Printing, and 
 Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 
 
 Saulsbitri/, Gore. — He was born in Delaware, 
 and elected Governor of that State in 1805, remaining 
 in office until 1871. Brother of Senator Eli Sauls- 
 bury. 
 
 Sanlxhiirg, Jf'ilfard. — Was born in Kent Coun- 
 ty, Delaware, June 3, 1830 ; was educated at Dela- 
 ware College and also at Dickinson College ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1850 he 
 was appointed Attorney-General of Delaware, and 
 held the office five years ; and in 1859 lie was elected 
 a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1865, 
 serving on the Committees on Commerce, Pensions, 
 and Patents and the Patent Office. He was also a 
 Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864 ; and 
 was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 371 
 
 in 18fi5 and euding in 1871, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Mines and Mining. 
 
 Saunders, Alvin, — He was born in Kentucky ; 
 removed to Iowa ; and in 1864 was appointed from 
 tliat State Governor of tbe Territory of >febraska, re- 
 siding at Omaha Cit}', and remaining in oflice until 
 1867. j 
 
 Satmders, lioiuiiflis M. — Born in Caswell' 
 County. North Carolina, March, 1791. He received 
 an academical education, and spent two years in the 
 University of that State. He studied law in Tennes- 
 see, and was admitted to practice there in 1813. He 
 returned to North Carolina ; was in the House of Com- 
 mons from 1815 to 1820, and for two years Speaker of ' 
 the House. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1821 to 1827. and from 1811 to 1845. In 1828 
 he was Attorney-General of the State ; in 1833 was 
 President of the Board of Commissioners to settle the ; 
 claims of American citizens under the treaty of July 
 4, 18B1. with France ; in 1835 he was elected a Judge i 
 of the Supreme Court ; in 1846 he was appointed by 
 President Polk Minister to Spain, where he remained 
 four years ; on his return he was again elected to the ■ 
 Legislature of North Carolina ; after which he de- 
 voted much attention to the railroad improvements , 
 of the State. Died in Raleigh, April 21, 1867. j 
 
 Snvage, •Tohn. — He was a member of the New I 
 York Assembly in 1814 ; and from 1815 to 1819 a j 
 Representative in Congress from that State. He sub- ! 
 sequently held the positions of District Attorney, 
 Comptroller of the State, Chief Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court, and Treasurer of the United States for 
 New York, and was a Presidential Elector in 1845. ' 
 Died in Utica, October 19, 1863, aged eighty-four ] 
 years. 
 
 Savage, tfohn II. — He was a native of Warren 
 County, Tennessee. During his minority he volun- 
 teered as a private soldier, under General Gaines, to 
 defend the Texan frontier ; also served during a cam- 
 paign in Florida. He afterwards studied law, and ' 
 commenced practice, in 1837, at Smithville, Tennes- 
 see. He was elected Colonel of the Tennessee Mili- 
 tia ; was elected by the Legislature Attorney-General 
 of the Fourth District of his State in 1841, and held 
 the office until 1847. During that year he received 
 from President Polk the appointment of Major in the 
 Fourteenth Regiment United States Infantry, and, 
 joining the American army in Mexico, was present 
 at the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, and Molina 
 del Rey, and was wounded at Chapultepec. He was 
 promoted to the position of Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
 as such had command of his regiment, after the 
 death of Colonel Graham, until the close of the war. 
 On returning to Tennessee, he resumed the practice 
 of his profession ; and was first elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress in 1849 ; he was re-elected in 1851 ; 
 declined being a candidate in 1853 ; and was re-elected 
 in 1855 and 1857. He was a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Savage, John S. — Born in Clermont County, 
 Ohio, October 30, 1841 ; received a common-school 
 education ; was admitted to the bar in Clinton County, 
 Ohio, in 1865 ; never held any public office until 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 SaivfeUe, Ciifleii. — He was bom in Norridge- 
 wock, Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; 
 studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; served 
 eight years as Register of Probate ; was a State Sen- 
 ator during the years 1843 and 1844 ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to 
 1847, and again from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Sairycr, FrederieJc A. — Bom in Bolton, Wor- 
 cester County, Massachusetts, December 12, 1822 ; 
 while yet a boy he acted as a clerk, and taught 
 school for several winters ; graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1844 ; was a teacher for seven years at 
 Gardiner and Wiscasset, in the State of Maine ; from 
 1851 to 18,59, he continued the profession of teaching 
 at Lowell, South Reading, and Boston, in Massachu- 
 setts, and at Nashua, in New Hampshire ; in 18.59 he 
 went to Charleston, South Carolina, and had charge 
 of the Normal School there until 1864, when, as a 
 lojal man, he, and his family were permitted to re- 
 turn to New England ; he returned to Charleston in 
 1865, and was made a Collector of Internal Revenue ; 
 he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, 
 under the Acts of Reconstruction, but was compelled 
 to decline ; and he was elected a Senator in Congress 
 from South Carolina, for the term ending in 1873, 
 serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, 
 Education, Pensions, and Appropriations. He was 
 subsequently appointed Assistant Secretary of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 Satvyer, Lemuel, — Was bom in Camden 
 County, North Carolina, in 1777 ; educated at Flat- 
 bush, New York ; studied law ; was in the State Le- 
 gislature in 1801, and voted in the Electoral College 
 for Thomas JefEcrson in 1804. He was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from North Carolina to Congress in 1807, 
 serving until 1813 ; and subsequently served in the 
 same capacity from 1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to 
 1829. About the year 1850 he removed to Washing- 
 ton, and held a clerkship in one of the departments. 
 Published a Life of John Randolph. 
 
 Saivyer, Lorenzo, — He was bom in Le Ray, 
 Jefferson County, New York, May 23, 1820 ; while 
 obtaining the rudiments of his education he worked 
 upon a farm ; in his sixteenth year, went with his 
 father to Pennsylvania ; subsequently went to Ohio, 
 and finished his education at the Western Reserve 
 College ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; 
 removed to Illinois ; thence to Wisconsin ; and in 
 1850 he went to California ; worked for a time in the 
 mines ; settled in the practice of his profession at 
 Sacramento ; but soon afterwards went to Nevada, 
 where he remained until 1853 ; and he settled perma- 
 nently in San Francisco. In 1854 he was elected 
 Attorney for the city ; was afterwards appointed 
 
 j Judge of the District Court for the State ; and in 
 1863 was elected one of the Justices of the Supreme 
 
 j Court of the State ; Chief Justice from 1868 to 1870, 
 and in the latter year he was commissioned United 
 States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, residing 
 in San Francisco, California. 
 
 Sawyer, Phileftis, — He was born in ^Vhiting, 
 Addison County, Vermont ; received a good conmion- 
 school and business education ; removed to Wiscon- 
 sin, and devoted himself to the lumber trade ; was 
 elected to the Legislature of that State in 1857 and 
 
 i 1861 ; in 1803 he was elected Mayor of Oshkosh, and 
 re-elected in 1864 ; and was elected a Representative 
 from Wisconsin to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Manufactures and on In- 
 valid Pensions . He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 del]ihia "Loyalists' Convention "of 1866; and was 
 
 ; re-elected to the Fortieth-Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Commerce and Southern Railroads. He 
 was also re-elected to the three succeeding Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 the Pacific Railroad and various other Committees. 
 He declined a re-election. 
 
 Sawyer, S. T, — He was bom in North Carolina ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839. He was appointed by President 
 Pierce Collector of Customs at Norfolk, Virginia ; 
 
372 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS, 
 
 and was subsequently editor of the Norfolk Argus. 
 Died in New Jersey, November 29, 1865, aged sixty- 
 five years. 
 
 Sawyer, TJ'iUiain, — Bom in Ohio, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 18-15 
 to 1849. 
 
 Say, Beiijamin, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1808 to 1809, for 
 the unexpired term of Joseph Clay. 
 
 Saylev, Henry B, — He was bom in Mont- 
 gomery County, Ohio, March 31, 1836 ; removed to 
 Clinton County, Indiana, in 1836 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; studied law, and admitted to 
 the bar in 18-59 ; enlisted in the Army as Lieutenant ; 
 was promoted to Major of the One Hundred and 
 Eighteeenth Indiana Infantry ; and held no public 
 office until he was elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress from Indiana, serving on the Committees on 
 Weights and Measures. 
 
 Sayler, ]}IiIfon, — He was bom in Lewisburg, 
 Preble County, Ohio, November 4, 1831 ; graduated 
 at Miami University in 1853, and at the Cincinnati 
 Law School ; practiced law ; was a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1863 and 1863, and of the City 
 Councils in 1864 and 1865 ; and elected to the Forty- 
 third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the 
 Committees en Revision of Laws and Private Land 
 Claims. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Public Lands. 
 
 Scales, Alfred 31., ,Tr,—lle was born in Rock- 
 ingham County, North Carolina, November 26, 1837 ; 
 was educated chiefly at the Chapel-IIill University : 
 adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1851 ; was elected to the Legislature of 
 North Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in 1857 he was 
 elected a Representative from his native State to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the 
 Committee on the District of Columbia. He was 
 also a Presidential Elector in 1861. Re-elected to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he was 
 appointed Chairman of the Committee on Indian 
 Affairs. 
 
 Scammon, •John i'\ — Bom in Saco, Maine, Oc- 
 tober 24, 1786 ; was bred a merchant : served in the 
 Massachusetts Legislature, as Representative, during 
 1817, and in the Maine Legislature in 1830 and 1821 ; 
 was Collector of Customs at Saco from 1829 to 1841 ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 
 1845 to 1847 ; a State Senator in 1855 ; Secretary of 
 an Insurance Company from 1841 to 1845 ; and Treas- 
 urer of a Savings Bank from 1843 to 1845. Died 
 May 23, 1858. 
 
 Schell, Hieharil. — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the_ Forty-third Congress, 
 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of David B. 
 Mellish, servijjg on the Committee on the Census. 
 
 Schenck, Abraham U. — He was born in 1777; 
 was a member of the New York Assembly in 1804, 
 1805, and 180G ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1815 to 1817. He was among 
 the first who engaged in the manufacture of cotton 
 under the non-intercourse laws. Died in 1831. 
 
 SeJienck, Ferdinand S. — Bom in Middlesex 
 County, New Jersey, February 11, 1790 ; he received 
 a common-school education ; and, having studied 
 medicine, was for many years devoted to the practice. 
 In 1829 he was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 re-elected in 1830 and 1831 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New Jersey from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 He was a member, in 1844, of the Convention to re- 
 vise the State Constitution, and was soon after elec- 
 ted a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeal, 
 which position he held for eight vears. Died at Cam- 
 den, May 17, 1860. 
 
 Schenck, Robert C. — Bom in Franklin. Warren 
 County, Ohio, October 4, 1809 ; graduated at Miami 
 University in 1827, where he remained one or two 
 years as a tutor ; he studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1831, and settled in Dayton. In 1840 he 
 was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; re-elected in 
 1842 ; and was a Representative in Congress from his 
 native State from 1843 to 1851, serving on many com- 
 mittees ; during the Thirtieth Congress as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Roads and Canals. On his re- 
 tirement from Congress he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Fillmore Minister to Brazil, and during his resi- 
 dence in South America he took part in negotiating 
 a number of treaties. On his return, in 1853, he be- 
 came extensively engaged ip the railway business. 
 In 1861 he served as a Brigadier and Major-General 
 in the Union army ; and in 1862 was elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Military Affairs. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, and in 1865 he was appointed 
 by President Johnson a member of the Board of 
 Visitors to the West Point Academy, and was Presi- 
 dent of the Board. He served on the Committee on 
 the Death of President Lincoln, and again at the 
 head of the Committee on Military Affairs ; was a 
 member of the National Committee appointed to ac- 
 company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; 
 also of the Committee on Retrenchment ; and he was 
 one of the Representatives designated by the House 
 to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention" of 1866, and to the "Soldiers' Conven- 
 tion " held at Pittsburg ; and was re-elected to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Ordnance, and at the head 
 of the Committee of Ways and Means. In 1870 he 
 was appointed Minister to England. 
 
 Schermerhorn, Abraham M. — He was a 
 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1849 
 to 1853 ; and died in Rochester, New York, August 
 23, 1855. 
 
 Schleicher, Gustave. — Bom in Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many, November 19, 1833 ; educated at the Univer- 
 sity of Giesseu ; became a civil engineer, and was 
 employed on the construction of railroads ; emigrated 
 to Texas in 1847 ; lived at first on the frontier, but 
 settled in San Antonio in 1850 ; served in the State 
 Legislature in 1853 and 18.54 ; from 1859 to 1861 he 
 served in the State Senate ; and in 1874 he was elected 
 a Representative from "Texas to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Schley, JTilliam. — Bom in Frederick City, Ma- 
 ryland, December 15, 1786. He received an academ- 
 ical education in Georgia ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar at Augusta in 1812 ; continued 
 the practice of his profession until 1835. when he was 
 elected a Judge of the Superior Court of the Middle 
 District of Georgia. He was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1830 ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and during the two fol- 
 lowing years was Governor of Georgia. He pub- 
 lished a " Digest of the English Statutes." He was, 
 when Governor, one of the most active supporters of 
 the Western and Atlantic Railroad ; and at the time 
 of his death was President of the Medical College of 
 Georgia. He died at Augusta, Georgia, November 
 20, 1858. 
 
 Schofleld, John McAllister, — Born in Chau- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 373 
 
 tauqua County, New York, September 20, 1831 ; re- 
 moved to Illinois with his parents, when a boy; 
 graduated at the West Point Academy in 1858 and 
 made a Second Lieutenant in the Second Artillery ; 
 was first stationed in South Carolina and Florida ; 
 was an instructor in Natural Philosophy, at West 
 Point, for five years; in 1860 was granted leave of 
 absence to occupy the chair of Natural Philosophy 
 in Washington University, at St. Louis ; on the com- 
 mencement of hostilities in 1860 he was detailed by 
 the War Department to raise troops and was ap- 
 pointed Major of the First Missouri Volunteers ; in 
 1861 he was appointed a Captain in the Regular 
 Army ; was Chief of General Lyon's Staff as Assis- 
 tant Adjutant when the heroic Ueueral fell at Wil- 
 son's Creek, and acquitted himself with great gal- 
 lantry ; November, 1861, he was made a Brigadier- 
 General of Volunteers ; iu June, 1862, the entire 
 State of Missouri was placed under his command ; in 
 October following he won the battle of Miiysville, 
 near Pea Ridge, in Arkansas ; soon after that he was 
 commissioned a Major-General of Volunteers, and in 
 186-1 a Brigadier-General intlie Regular Army, and in 
 1865 elevated to the full rank of Major-General. In 
 1864 he joined General Sherman with seventeen thou- 
 sand men, and took a conspicuous part in nearly all 
 the engagements of the Atlantic campaign, until the 
 surrender of General Joseph Johnston. After the war 
 he mode a tour of inspection in the Southern States ; 
 also visited Europe ; in 1867 he was assigned to the 
 First Military District, comprising Virginia ; and on 
 the resignation of General Grant as Secretary of War 
 ad i«<fn'?«,and while impeachment was progressing, 
 he was appointed by President Johnson Secretary of 
 War, and after the acquittal of the President, was 
 duly confirmed. May 30, 1868. 
 
 Schoolcraft, Henry ItO%ve. — He was born in 
 
 Albany, New York, March 28,1793; educated at 
 Middlebury College ; in 1817 he visited the West, and 
 published a work entitled " A View of the Lead 
 Mines of Missouri ; " in 1820 he was appointed geol- 
 ogist of the exploring expedition, under General 
 Cass, to lake Superior and the head of the Mississip- 
 pi, and published an account of it in 1821 ; made a 
 second tour to the West, and published " Travels in 
 the Central Portions of the Mississippi A'alley ; " in 
 1822 he was appointed an Indian agent for the North- 
 west; from 1828 to 1832 he was a member of the Ter- 
 ritorial Legislature of Michigan ; in the former year 
 founded the Michigan Historical Society at Detroit, 
 and iu 1831 the Algic Society ; in 1832 he made an- 
 other expedition to the West, and discovered the 
 source of the Mississippi, of which he published an 
 account in 1834 ; in 1836 he made an Indian treaty, 
 which secured sixteen million acres of land to the 
 United States ; removed to New York City in 1841 ; 
 visited Europe in 1842 ; published, by authority of 
 the State of New York, in 1848, " Notes on the Iro- 
 quois ;" about that time published a book of Indian 
 legends, entitled "Algic Researches;" commenced 
 the publication in 1850, for the Government, of " His- 
 torical Information Respecting tlie History, Con- 
 dition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the 
 United States." which resulted in six quarto volumes, 
 illustrated by Captain Seth Eastman ; and after many 
 years of suffering from rheumatic affections, which he 
 bore with rare Christian fortitude, he died at his resi- 
 dence iu Washington City, December 10, 1864. The 
 total number of his publications, as his widow in- 
 formed the writer, was thirty-one ; and as the histori- 
 an of the American Indians, he will always be con- 
 sideied the leading authority. 
 
 Schoolcraft, •John L. — He was born in Albany, 
 New York, and was all his life identified with that 
 city as a merchant. He was for many years Presi- 
 dent of the Commercial Bank of Albany ; and was a 
 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1849 to 1853. Died at St. Catherine's, Canada West, 
 in May, 1860. 
 
 Schoontnaker, Cornelius C. — He was a Rep- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1791 to 
 1793, and was for fourteen years, before and after the 
 above term, a member of the New York Assembly 
 from the County of Ulster. 
 
 Schoonm akei', Maritis, — Born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Schroeder, Francis. — He was a citizen of 
 Rhode Island, and a man of superior culture ; in 
 1849 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Sweden ; 
 in 1854 raised to the rank of Minister Resident ; 
 subsequently traveled extensively in Europe, and 
 published an interesling work in two volumes of ob- 
 servations on the Mediterranean ; and of late years 
 has been attached to the Astor Library in New York, 
 as one of the Librarians. 
 
 Schltmaher,,Tohn G. — He was born in Claver- 
 ack, Columbia County, New York, June 27, 1820, of 
 German parentage; received an academical educa- 
 tion at home, and in Lenox, Massachu.setts ; studied 
 law, and came to the bar in 1847: in 1853, he settled 
 in Brooklyn, where he practiced his profession ; in 
 1856, he was elected District Attorney for Kings 
 County ; in 1862 and in 1864, he was elected Corpora- 
 tion Counsel for the city of Brooklyn ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the Chicago Convention of 1804 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; 
 and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Ninth Census. Re-elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress ; and during that service, his 
 conduct in receiving a large fee from the Pacific 
 Steam Ship Company, attracted great attention 
 throughout the country. 
 
 Schuneman, Martin G. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1,805 to 1807. 
 He was a man of giant size, and of great force of 
 character. 
 
 Schureman, James. — He was a prominent 
 man in New Jersey during the Revolution, and was 
 a graduate of Queen's College. He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1789 to 
 1791, and from 1797 to 1799 ; a Senator in Congress 
 from 1799 to 1801, when he resigned; and again a 
 Representative from 1813 to 1815. He was also at 
 one time Mayor of New Brunswick. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786 and 
 1787. 
 
 Schurz, Cai'l. — He was horn near Cologne, Ger- 
 many, March 2, 1829 ; educated at the University of 
 Bonn ; while yet a young man, he became identified 
 with the press, and edited a paper identified with the 
 Revolution of 1848 ; took part in the defense of Ras- 
 tadt, after which he fled to Switzerland ; subsequently 
 resided in Paris and London, where he was a teacher 
 and correspondent for three years ; and emigrated to 
 this country in 1852. He was a Delegate to the Chi- 
 cago Convention of 18G0, taking a leadina part in its 
 proceedings ; in 1861, he was selected by President 
 Lincoln as Minister to Spain, which position he soon 
 resigned : he was then appointed a Brigadier-General 
 of Volunteers, and was present at the second battle 
 of Bull Run, and at the battle of Gettysburg ; after 
 the war, he was appointed a commissioner to visit the 
 Southern States and report upon the affairs of the 
 Freedmen's Bureau ; in 1865 and 1866. he was a Wash- 
 ington correspondent for the New York Tribune ; was 
 
374 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALl 
 
 subsequently connected with the pressof Detroit and 
 St. liOuis ; was a Delegate to the Cliicago Convention 
 of 1868 ; and elected a Senator iu Congress from Mis- 
 souri for the term comnieucing iu 1809 and ending in 
 1875, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Terri- 
 tories, and Military Affairs. 
 
 Schuyler, Philip. — He was a native of Albany, 
 New York. He was appointed Major-General in the 
 army of the Revoluti(m iu 1775, and dispatched to 
 the fortifications of the north of New York, to pre- 
 pare for the invasion of Canada. By the loss of his 
 liealih, the command soon devolved upon Mont- 
 gomery. On his recovery, he directed the operations 
 against Burgoyne, and in consequence of the evacua- 
 tion of Ticonderoga, he unreasonably fell under some 
 suspicion, and was superseded in command liy Gen- 
 eral Gates. He afterwards rendered important ser- 
 vices, though not in command. He was a Delegate to 
 Congress previous to the present Constitution, and a 
 Senator of the United States, by appointment, from 
 1789 to 1791, and again in 1797, but resigned. He 
 died at Albany in 1804, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Schtu/ler, Philip J. — He vras a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819, and died 
 in New York City, February 21, 18^5, aged sixty-seven 
 years. 
 
 SchivarfH. John. — Born in Berks County, Penn- 
 sylvania, October 27, 1793 ; received a common-school 
 education ; served as Lieutenant in the last war with 
 Great Britain ; was engaged in mercantile pursuits 
 from 1806 to 1829, and from that year to 1857 was 
 wholly devoted to farming. Ke was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, but died before the expiration of his first ses-^ 
 sion, in July, 1860. 
 
 Hcofii'ld, Olenni If. — He was born in Chautau- 
 qua County, New York, March 11, 1817 ; graduated 
 at Hamilton College in 1840, and removed to Warren, 
 Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to the bar in 
 1843. In 1850 and 1851 he was a member of the State 
 Assembly, and from 1857 to 1859 he was in the State 
 Senate. In 1861 he was appointed President Judge of 
 the Eighteenth Judicial District of the State, and in 
 1863 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Elections, and Expenditures in the 
 War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Unfinished Business. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and 
 Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the three subsequent 
 Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs. 
 
 Scoff, Ahrnharn 31. — He was Governor of Mis- 
 sissippi from 1831 to 1833. 
 
 Scoff, Andrei!'. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Arkansas, and in 1819 he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for that Terri- 
 tory. 
 
 Scoft, Charles. — Born in Cumberland County, 
 Virginia, in 1733 ; was a non-commissioned officer at 
 Braddock's defeat in 1755 ; raised and commanded the 
 fir.st company south of the James River for the Revo- 
 lutionary Army ; was appointed Colonel of the Third 
 Virginia Battalion in 1776 ; was distinguished at Tren- 
 ton ; was Brigadier-General in 1777 ; was at the bat- 
 tle of Stony Point in 1779 ; made prisoner at Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, in 1780 ; was not exchanged till 
 near the close of the war. He was the last to leave 
 the field at Monmouth, and was particularly distin- 
 guished ; in 1785 he settled in Woodford County, 
 
 Kentucky ; and was with St. Clair, as Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral of Kentucky levies ; in 1791 commanded iu an 
 Expedition to the Wabash, and against the Indians ; 
 and iu 1794 commanded a portion of Wayne's Army 
 at the battle of Fallen Timbers. The Sliiretown of 
 Powhattan County was named for him, also a County 
 in Kentucky. He was Governor of Kentucky from 
 1808 to 1812. Died October 22, 1820. 
 
 Scott, Charles L. — He was born in Richmond, 
 Virginia, January 23, 1827 ; graduated at William 
 and Mary College : studied law, and formed a part- 
 nership with his father in the practice of his profes- 
 sion, at Richmond. In 1849, he embarked, as a mem- 
 ber of the Madison Mining and Trading Company, for 
 California. In 1851 he abandoned the mines, and re- 
 sumed the practice of law in Tuolumne County, Cali- 
 fornia. He was elected a Representative in the Thir- 
 ty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses from California, 
 serving as a member of the Committees on Indian 
 Affairs and on the Post-OfEce and Post-Roads. 
 
 Scoff, Giisfavits. — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 
 1785 ; was also one of the orignal Commissioners of 
 Public Buildings for the District of Columbia. 
 
 Scott, Harrei/ D. — He was bom in Ohio, and 
 having removed to Indiana, was elected a Representa- 
 tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress from that State. 
 
 Scoft, .Tames, — He was an early emigrant to the 
 West, and in 1813 he was appointed an Associate Jus- 
 tice of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Indiana. 
 
 Scoff, John. — Was a member of the Virginia 
 Senate from 1811 to 1813 ; of the State Constitutional 
 Convention in 1829 ; Judge of the Sixth Circuit and 
 of the General Court in 1830 and 1831 ; in the new or- 
 ganization of the General Court, and the establish- 
 ment of the Special Court of Appeals in 1848, he was 
 one of the five members of these two Courts, and so 
 continued till his death. Died January 7, 1850, aged 
 sixty-eight years. 
 
 Scoft, J oh n . — He was born in Hanover County, 
 Virginia, in 1782 ; graduated at Princeton College in 
 1805 ; moved with his parents to Indiana in 1803 ; 
 settled at Genevieve, Missouri, in 1805 ; was a Dele- 
 gate to Congress from the Territory of Missouri from 
 1816 to 1821, and a Representative in Congress from 
 the same State from 1831 to 1837. Died at St. Gene- 
 vieve in 1861. 
 
 Scoft, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Huntingdon County, Peimsylvania, from 
 1839 to 1831. 
 
 Scoff. .John. — He was bom in Alexandria, Hunt- 
 ingdon County, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1824, his father, 
 bearing the same name, having formerly served in 
 Congress ; he received a common-school education ; 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; was a 
 Prosecuting Attorney from 1846 to 1849 ; was for ten 
 years Solicitor for the Pennsylvania Central Railroad 
 Company ; in 18G2 he was elected to the State Legis- 
 lature ; presided over a State Convention held at Wil- 
 liamsport in 1867 ; and he was elected a Senator in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania for the term commencing 
 in 1869, and ending in 1873, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Naval Affairs, Claims, and Pacific Railroad; 
 and as Chairman of that on Claims. 
 
 Scoft. .John G. — Was born in Philadelphia, De- 
 cember 20, 1819 ; left that city when seventeen years 
 of age to seek his fortune in the West ; settled in Mis- 
 souri, and for many years resided at the Iron Moirn- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 375 
 
 tain ; engaged in the business of iron-master, and in 
 developing the mineral resources of the State. In 
 1862 he was, at a special election, elected a Eep- 
 reseutative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, in the place of J. W. Noell, deceased. He ran 
 for Congress at the regular election against Mr. 
 Noell, and was beaten by a small majority. His 
 Committee duties were rendered as a member of the 
 Committee on Kevolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Scott, •John 3Iofin. — He was Secretary of State 
 of New York from 1778 to 1789 ; and a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 
 1783. 
 
 Scott, Robert Kingston. — Born in Armstrong 
 County, Pennsylvania, July 8, 1826 ; studied and 
 graduated as M. D. at the Starling Medical College, 
 Ohio ; settled to practice in Henry County, Ohio ; 
 was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixty-eighth 
 Ohio Volunteers in 1861 ; Colonel in I860 ; and was at 
 the capture of Fort Donelson, battle of Shiloh, and 
 siege of Corinth ; commanded a brigade at Hatchie 
 River, Tennessee, under General Hurlbut ; com- 
 manded advance of Logan's Division on the march into 
 Mississippi ; was engaged at Port Gibson, Raymond, 
 Jackson, and Champion Hills ; commanded Second 
 Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Corps until 
 July, 1865 ; was made prisoner near Atlanta ; ex- 
 changed, September 24, 1864 ; and was in Sherman's 
 operations before Atlanta, and in the " march to the 
 sea" ; was Assistant Commissary from 1865 to 1868 ; 
 Governor of South Carolina from 1868 to 1871. 
 
 Scott, Thomas. — Born in Maryland in 1772; 
 was a Methodist Episcopal Minister from 1789 to 
 1796 ; in 1798 studied law, and settled in Chillicothc, 
 Ohio ; was Secretary of the Convention that framed 
 the Constitution of that State iu 1802 ; and of the 
 State Senate from 18U3 to 1809 ; Judge of the Supe- 
 rior Court from 1809 to 1810 ; and Chief Justice from 
 1810 to 1815. Died in Chillicothe, February 15, 1856. 
 
 Scott, Thoinns. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791, and 
 again from 1793 to 1795. He was one of those who 
 voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. 
 
 Scott, Thomas A. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; and was the first Assistant Secretary of War 
 appointed during the Civil War, having been detailed 
 for the position in 1861. 
 
 Scott, Winfteld. — Bom near Petersburg, Vir- 
 ginia, June 13, 1786 ; attended the High School at 
 Richmond, and William and Mary College ; went 
 through a course of law studies, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1806. His first military service was ren- 
 dered in 1807, when he joined a Militia company of 
 horse, to repel the anticiapted invasion of the British ; 
 in 1809, after having made an effort to settle in South 
 Carolina as a lawyer, he was commissioned a Captain, 
 and joined the army at New Orleans ; returned home 
 in 1810, but rejoined the Army of Louisiana in 1811 ; 
 in 1812 he was raised to the rank of Major and Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel, and ordered to Buffalo ; in the affair 
 of Queenstown he was taken prisoner by the British, 
 but exchanged early in 1813 ; before the close of that 
 year he had captured Fort George, and been commis- 
 sioned a Colonel ; in 1814 he was made Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral, and during the summer of that year, he won the 
 important battles of Chijipewa and Lundy's Lane, in 
 the last of which he was wounded, and for these im- 
 portant serx-ices he was brevetted Major-General, re- 
 ceived with the thanks of the nation a gold medal 
 from Congress, and was tendered the appointment of 
 Secretary of War, which he declined. Early in 1833 he 
 
 took part in the campaign against Black Hawk ; but 
 before the close of that year he was ordered to 
 Charle.ston, where, as a peacemaker, he did much to 
 quell the excitement growing out of Nullification. In 
 1837 he was assigned to duty against the Seminoles in 
 Florida, and also against the Creek Indians ; — his 
 presence on the Canadian frontier in 1838 and 1839 
 did much to quiet the troubles of that exciting period ; 
 and in 1841, on the death of General Macomb, he be- 
 came Commander-in-chief of the Army. He took a 
 prominent part in the War with Mexico ; his first ser- 
 vice there was to invest Vera Cruz, which surrendered 
 to his arms ; he then defeated Santa Anna at Cerro 
 Gordo ; entered Jalapa ; occupied the Castle and town 
 of Perote, and the City of Puebla ; defeated the enemy 
 at Coutreras and Cherubusco ; and carried by assault 
 the great fortification of Chapultepec, the key to the 
 City of Mexico. He entered the City of Mexico as 
 victor, and the object of the war having been accom- 
 plished, peace was concluded in February, 1848 ; and 
 although an attempt was made by a rival General to 
 injure his fame, he returned to Washington, and re- 
 sumed his position at the head of the Army. His ser- 
 vice as Secretary of War nd interim was rendered in 
 1850, under President Fillmore. In 1852 he became 
 the Whig candidate for the otRce of President, but was 
 defeated ; and in 1859 he was honored with the brevet 
 title of Lieutenant-General, the rank having been es- 
 tablished by Congress for his exclusive benefit, and so 
 framed that it should not survive him. On the break- 
 ing out of the Rebellion he again rendered important 
 services by securing to the Government the possession 
 of Washington City, and the safe inauguration of 
 President Lincoln. On the last day of October, 1861, 
 because of his declining health, he asked to be retired 
 from active service, and on the 1st of November the 
 President, attended by all his Cabinet, waited upon 
 him at his residence, and read to him the order which 
 placed him on the retired list, " without reduction in 
 liis current pay. subsistence, or allowance," and on the 
 same day Major-General George B. McClellanwas ap- 
 pointed his successor in command of the army. He 
 subsequently made a brief visit to Europe, and settled 
 at West Point. He published " Infantry Tactics ; " 
 "Regulations of the Anny ; " and an "Autobio- 
 graphy ; " and several biographies of him were issued 
 during his life, bv E. D. Mansfield and others. Died 
 at West Point, May 29, 1866. 
 
 Scranton, GeorffC W. — Bom in Madison, New 
 Haven County, Connecticut, May 23, 1811 ; received a 
 common-school education ; and when eighteen years 
 of age removed to New Jersey. He subsequently re- 
 moved to Pennsylvania, and engaged in the iron 
 and railroad business, having extensive interests at 
 Oxford, New Jersey, and at Scranton, Pennsylvania ; 
 he held the positions, severally, of President of the 
 Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company and of 
 the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railway ; and in 1858 he 
 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Manufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress. He died at Scranton, Pennsylvania, March 24, 
 1861. 
 
 Scrif/ffs, Ifilliam L. — He was born in Tennes- 
 see ; became a citizen of Georgia ; and in 1873 he was 
 appointed Minister Resident to Colombia. Was stUl 
 in office in 1875. 
 
 Scrtif/ham, William W. — He was bom at 
 
 White Plains, New York, in 1819 ; studied law, and 
 on coming to the bar settled at Yonkers ; was for sev- 
 eral years Supervisor of Westchester County ; in 1859 
 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, holding 
 the office until his death, which occurred at Yonkers, 
 August 9, 1867. 
 
373 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ScHflfler, TFetiVji J. — He was bom in North- 
 port, Suffolk County, New York, in 1825 ; graduated 
 at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1846 ; 
 studied law in New York City ; admitted to the bar in 
 1848, and practiced in the State of New Y'ork. He 
 was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on War Claims. 
 
 Scuddev, Isaac W, — He was born in Elizabeth, 
 in 1818 ; studied law with his father ; removed to 
 Jersey City, and commenced practice there ; was 
 twice Pi-osecutor of the Court of Common Pleas for 
 Hudson County ; and was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on one or more Committees. 
 
 Sciidder, John A. — He was a native of New 
 Jersey ; a physician by profession ; served a number 
 of years in the Assembly of his native State ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from New Jersey for the 
 unexpired term of James Cox, who died in 1810. 
 
 Scitdder, Nafhaitiel. — He graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 17.51 ; was a Delegate from New Jersey 
 to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, and 
 was one of the Signers of the Articles of Confedera- 
 tion. Died in 1781. 
 
 Sciidder, Treadive/l, — He was for six years a 
 member of the New York Assembly, and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Sciidder, Zeno. — He was born in Barnstable, 
 Massachusetts, August 18, 1807 ; and filled with 
 credit various public positions. He was President of 
 the Massachusetts Senate, and a Representative in 
 Congress from 1851 to 1854, when he was compelled, 
 by failing health, to resign his seat. He was a good 
 lawyer, enjoyed the confidence and respect of the 
 community in which he lived, and died at Barnstable, 
 Massachusetts, June 26, 1857. 
 
 Scurri/, liichardsoii, — Born in Tennessee, and 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Texas 
 from 1851 to 1858. 
 
 Seabrook, Wliifemarxh B. — He was born in 
 South Carolina in 1795 ; graduated at the New Jersey 
 College in 1812 ; served in the State Senate, and was 
 President of the State Agricultural Society ; Governor 
 of South Carolina from 1848 to 1850 ; and died in St. 
 Luke's Parish, April 16, 1855. 
 
 Seal, Hodericli, — Born in Harrison County, Mis- 
 sissippi ; received a good education, and adopted the 
 profession of law ; held no public position except that 
 of a Representative in the Legislature ; and in 1875 
 he was elected a Representative from Mississippi to 
 the Forty- fourth Congress. 
 
 Senmaii, Henri/ J. — He was bom in New 
 
 York ; and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Searing, >Tohn A, — Born in Queens County, 
 New York, May 14, 1814. His father died when he 
 was young, and he was educated at the common- 
 schools of New York by his grandparents. He was 
 bred a farmer, held several public positions previously 
 to his election as a member of the State Legislature in 
 1853, and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty- 
 fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
 tionary Pensions and Accounts. 
 
 Searle, James, — Born in New York City about 
 1730 ; was a merchant in the house of his brother, in 
 Madeira ; he settled in Philadelphia about 1763 ; 
 signed the non-importation agreement of 1765 ; was 
 
 one of the managers of the United States Lottery from 
 1776 to 1778, when he was, for a short time, a mem- 
 ber of the Navy Board. He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, and was 
 Chairman of the Committees on Commerce, Foreign 
 Affairs, and of the Marine ; in 1780 he was sent to 
 Europe to negotiate a State loan for Pennsylvania, 
 but returned unsuccessful in 1782. Died at Philadel- 
 phia, August 7, 1797. 
 
 Seufon, William Winston. — He was born in 
 King William County, Virginia, January 11, 1785; 
 was chiefly educated by private tutors ; early acquired 
 a knowledge of printing ; edited a paper in Peters- 
 burg, Virginia, and also another in Halifax, North 
 Carolina ; soon became connected with the Register, 
 in Raleigh ; in 1812 he went to Washington City, and 
 joined his brother-in-law, Joseph Gales, in the man- 
 agement of the National InteUigeneer , with which he 
 was most honorably identified until his death in 
 Washington, which occurred June 16, 1866. He held 
 a great many local oflBces in the Federal city ; was fre- 
 quently elected Mayor ; was a Regent of the Smith- 
 sonian Institution ; and, in conjunction with Mr. Gales, 
 was one of the public Printers for very many years, 
 and left a brilliant reputation for his merits as a man, 
 and his character as an editor and statesman. A few 
 years after his death a sketch of his life, with corres- 
 pondence, was published by one of his daughters, 
 Miss Josephine Seaton ; and, for a chapter of personal 
 recollections, the reader is referred to " Haphazard 
 Personalities," by the present writer. 
 
 Searer, Ehenezer. — Born in 1763 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1784 ; was a member of the 
 State Legislature from 1794 to 1802 ; member of the 
 "State Constitutional Convention" of 1820; and a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1803 to 1813. He died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, 
 March 1, 1844. 
 
 Sebastian, William, K. — Born in Vernon, Ten- 
 nessee, and educated at Columbia College, in that 
 State. He settled as a lawyer in Arkansas in 1835, 
 and was soon after appointed Prosecuting Attorney, 
 and held the office until 1837 ; he was Circuit Judge 
 from 1840 to 1842, and was appointed, in the latter 
 year. Supreme Judge. He was a State Senator, and 
 President of the body in 1846, and Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1848. He was a United States Senator from 
 1848 to 1853, again from 1853 to 1859, and re-elected 
 for a term of six years, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Indian Affairs, and a member of the 
 Committee on Territories. Expelled, July 11, 1861. 
 
 Seddon, James A. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849, to 
 1851 ; was a member of the Rebel Oovernnicnt, as 
 member of Congress in 1861, having previously been 
 a Delegate to the "Peace Congress "of that year. 
 In 1862 he became the Confederate Secretary of War. 
 
 Sedgwick, C, B. — Born in Pompey, New York, 
 March, 1815; adopted the profession of law; luid 
 was elected a Representative from New York to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 that Committee. In 1863 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln a Commissioner to look after certain 
 naval affairs. 
 
 Sedgivick, Theodore. — Was born at West 
 Hartford, Connecticut, in Mny, 1746. He was edu- 
 cated at Yale College, but did not graduate. On leav- 
 ing this Institution lie commenced the study of theo- 
 logy, but soon relinquished it and stu lied law, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 377 
 
 was admitted to the bar before reaching the age of 
 twenty-one. He commenced practice at Great Bar- 
 rington, Massachusetts, then settled at Sheffield, and 
 afterwards at Stockbridge, in the same county. He 
 was a zealous patriot in the Revolutionary War. He 
 was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 and 
 1786 ; and a Representative in Congress after the 
 adoption of the Constitution from 1789 to 1796. He 
 was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1798, 
 and served as President pro ton, during one session. 
 lu 1799 he was again a member of the House, and 
 was chosen Speaker. From 1803 until his death he 
 was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. 
 He died at Boston, January 24, 1813. He received 
 the degree of LL.D. from Princeton and Cambridge. 
 As a statesman and jurist he was highly valued by 
 his country. His life was in an uncommon degree 
 varied and active ; his industry was unwearied, and 
 an ardent enthusiasm was the basis of his character. 
 
 Seeley, tTohn E, — He was born in Ovid, New 
 York, August 1. 1810 ; graduated at Yale College iu 
 1835 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840 ; was 
 elected County Judge and Surrogate in 1851 and 
 served four years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1800 
 and also iu 18G4, and elected to the Forty-second Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Freedmen's 
 Affairs. 
 
 Seely, Elias P. — He was Governor of New Jer- 
 sey for a part of the year 1833. 
 
 Seelye, tfnlius H. — Born in Danbu.ry, now 
 
 Bethel, Connecticut, September 4, 1824 ; graduated 
 at Amherst College in 1849 ; studied iu Auburn Theo- 
 logical Seminary, and was ordained pastor of the 
 Dutch Reformed Church iu Schenectady, New York, 
 iu 1853, and remained there until appointed Professor 
 at Amherst in 1858. He is the author of " Christian 
 Memories," etc., aud was elected in 1874 a Represent- 
 ative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 
 Segar, Joseph E. — Born iu King William 
 County, Virginia, June 1, 1804. In 1836 he was 
 elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia, aud 
 served a number of years ; was again elected to the 
 same position in 1848, and continued to serve almost 
 uninterruptedly until the State rebelled against the 
 Union. After Eastern Virginia was restored to the 
 Federal authority he- was elected a Representative 
 from Virginia to the Thirty- seventh Congress. 
 
 Seibels, J. •T. — He was a citizen of Alabama, and 
 in 1855 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Belgium ; 
 commissioned Minister Resident in 1854 ; and re- 
 Bigned in 1857. 
 
 Selfleil, I>n(Uey. — Formerly a prominent mem- 
 ber of the New York bar, and a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. He died 
 in Paris, France, November 7, 1855. 
 
 Sri (fell , •Tosepti. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Arkansas, and in 1820 he was appointed Judge of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Arkansas. 
 
 Seldeti, Jf'illiam. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and in 1839 he was appointed Treasurer of the United 
 States, holding the office until 1850 ; and from 1858 
 until 1861 he was Marshal of the United States, at- 
 tendant on the Supreme Court. 
 
 Selfs, Elijah. — He was appointed Third Auditor 
 of the Treasury in 1864, remaining in office only from 
 July to October, when he was appointed Sixth Audi- 
 tor of the Treasury and remained in office until 1865. 
 
 Selye, Lewis. — He was born in Chittenango, 
 
 Madison County, New York, July 11, 1808 ; received 
 a common-school education ; removed to Rochester in 
 1824 ; and became extensively engaged in the manu- 
 facturing business, and was long identified with the 
 growth and interests of that city. He was for many 
 years a member of the city Corporation ; also held 
 the office of Supervisor of Monroe County and was 
 for seven years the Treasurer of the county ; and in 
 1866 he was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Semines, Benediet J. — Was born in Charles 
 County, Maryland, November 1, 1789. He was bred 
 to the profession of medicine, and graduated at the 
 Medical School in Baltimore about the year 1811. 
 He settled in Piscataway, Maryland, where he ac- 
 quired an extensive practice, but subsequently re- 
 linquished his profession. In the year 1821 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature ; was again elected in 
 1825, 1827 and 1828, and during one session was 
 chosen Speaker of the House of Delegates. In 1821 
 he introduced and carried through a bill for removing 
 religious tests, as applicable to office in Maryland. 
 In 1829 he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected 
 in 1831 ; but his health soon after failing, he found it 
 necessary to retire at a time when there was no oppo- 
 sition to him in his district. He again served in the 
 State Legislature in 1843 and 1843, since which time 
 he has lived in retirement on his estate in the County 
 of Prince George. 
 
 Sentple, James. — He was bom in Kentucky in 
 1800, but emigrated to Illinois in 1827. He was 
 elected to the Illinois Legislature for six years, during 
 four of which he officiated as Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives. In 1833 he was elected Attorney- 
 General of the State ; appointed Charge d'Affaires to 
 New Granada in 1837 ; elected one of the Judges of 
 the Supreme Court of the State in 1843 ; and was a 
 Senator in Congress from Illinois from 1843 to 1847. 
 Died at Elsah Landing, Illinois, in January, 1867. 
 
 Setter, Jatttes B. — He was born in Fredericks- 
 burg, Virginia, May 18, 1837 ; attended lectures at 
 the University of Virginia as a State student, and 
 graduated ; studied law at the Lexington Law School, 
 and admitted to the bar in 1860 ; was Sergeant of the 
 City of Fredericksburg in 1863 ; army correspondent 
 of the Southern Associated Press with General Lee's 
 army during the late war ; since 1865 editor of the 
 Fredericlcstnirg Ledger ; was a Delegate to the Na- 
 tional Republican Convention at Philadelphia iu 
 1873 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serv- 
 ing as Chairman of the Committee on Department of 
 Justice and on that on Freedmen's Affairs. 
 
 Setiet/, Joshtia. — He was a Delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress in 1787 and 1788 ; a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1793, and a 
 Presidential Elector in 1792. 
 
 Senter, Dewitt C. — He was Governor of Ten- 
 nessee from 1869 to 1871. 
 
 Senter, William T. — Bom in Granger County, 
 Tennessee, in 1803, and died there Augu.st 28, 1849. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Sefgeanf, John. — He was born in Philadelphia 
 in 1779 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1795 ; he 
 was for a short time a clerk in a store, but studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in ly99. His first 
 appointment was that of Prosecutor for the Common- 
 wealth, which he held several years. He was for 
 more than half a century known and honored for his 
 
378 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 extraordinaiy ability in his profession of the law, for 
 hLs habitual courtesy, bis liberal fairness, and his in- 
 tegrity. Elected to Congress, he sen-ed there from 
 1815 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 to 
 1842. He was especially famous for his jjart in the 
 great Missouri Compromise of 1820. For the Panama 
 Congress, Mr. Sergeant was selected by President 
 Adams to represent the United States. The measures 
 of international law which were proposed to be set- 
 tled in that Congre.ss were deemed so important, that 
 Mr. Clay, the Secretary of State, had filled eighty 
 pages of instructions to Mr. Sergeant ou the subject. 
 In 1832 Mr. Sergeant was the Whig candidate for 
 Vice-President, being upon the .same ticket with 
 Henry Clay. Forty -nine electoral votes were cast for 
 these candidates. At the outset of Harrison's admin- 
 istration. Mr. Sergeant was tendered the mission to 
 England, which he declined. In the cause of charity 
 he was never appealed to in vain ; and for many years 
 before his death, took an active interest in all the 
 public affairs of his native city. He died in Phila- 
 delphia, November 23, 1852. 
 
 Sertjeant, Jotiathnn Dichinson, — Bom in 
 
 Newark, New Jersey, in 1740 ; graduated at New 
 Jersey College in 1762 ; studied law and commenced 
 practice in his native State ; was a member of the 
 Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777 ; took his seat 
 a few days after the Declaration of Independence ; 
 and in July, 1777, b(^came Attorney -General of Penn- 
 sylvania, which jtositioii he re.-igned in 1780, and de- 
 voted himself to his profession. Before the close of 
 the war he removed to Philadelphia, and from his 
 benevolent exertions as one of the Board of Health, 
 during the prevalence of the yeliow fever, fell a vic- 
 tim to that disea.se, and died, October, 1793. 
 
 Sm-geanf, Thomait. — Bom in Philadelphia, Jan- 
 uary 14, 1782 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 
 1708 ; studied law, and was appointed Clerk of the 
 Mayor's court ; was a Representative in the State 
 Legislature from 1812 to 1814 ; Judge of the District 
 Court from 1814 to 1817 ; Secretary of the State from 
 1817 to 1819; Attorney-General in 1819 and 1820; 
 and Associate- Justice of the Superior Court from 1834 
 to 1840. He reported the decisions of the Superior 
 Court, in connection with William Kowle, from 1814 
 to 1828 ; published treatises on the "Land Law of 
 Pennsylvania" in 18:*8, on "Constitutional Law" in 
 1822, on "Attachment" in 1811, and a sketch of the 
 " National Judiciary Powers ;" and in early life was 
 a contributor to jjeriodicals in prose and poetry. He 
 was, a long time. President of the Historical Society 
 of Pennsylvania ; was a member of the Philo.sophical 
 Society, and of the New England Historical and Ge- 
 nealogical Society ; died in Philadelphia, May 5, 1860. 
 
 Service, Fraitcis G. — He was born in New 
 Jersey ; removed to Ohio, from which State he was ap- 
 pointed Associate Justice for the Territory of Mon- 
 tana, residing at Virginia City. 
 
 Session, Walter L. — He was bora in Brandon, 
 Vermont ; received an academic education ; studied 
 law and practiced the profession ; was Commissioner 
 of Schools for several years ; a member of Assembly 
 in 18o3 and 1854 ; a member of the State Senate in 
 18-50 and in 1865 ; and was elected to the Forty-second 
 and Forty-third Congres-ses, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Private Land Claims and Mines and Mining. 
 
 Settle, Thomas, — He was bom in Rockingham 
 County, North Carolina. He was a Representative in 
 the Legislature of that State in 1815 and in 1820, 
 1827, and 1828, at which last session he was Speaker 
 of the Hou.se of Commons. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1817 to 1821. In 1832 he was chosen 
 Judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity and 
 
 held the office for twenty years, when he resigned. 
 He was highly esteemed for his many virtues. He 
 died in Rockingham County, August 5, 1857, aged 
 sixty-five. 
 
 Settle, Tliomas, — He was a citizen of North 
 Carolina, and in 1871 he was appointed Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to Peru, returning to the United States in 
 1872. 
 
 Severance, Ltlther. — He was born in Mont- 
 ague, Massachusetts, October 28, 1797 ; and, having 
 been bred a printer, was the founder and editor of Jhe 
 Kennebec Journal from 18'25 to 1849, and a Represent- 
 ative in Congiess from Maine from 1843 to 1847. He 
 was frequently a member of the Maine Legi slature — 
 five years in the Assembly and two years in the 
 Senate — and. by President Taylor, was appointed 
 Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands. He died 
 January 25, 18-55, at jiuguita, Maine. He commenced 
 his career as a printer with the National IntelliyeTicer 
 in Washington. 
 
 Sevier, Ambrose H. — Born in Tennessee in 
 1802- He had few early advantages of education, 
 but he relied on his own energies, and removed to 
 the Territory of Arkansas, where, before the age of 
 twenty-one, he was admitted to the bar as an Attor- 
 ney. He was first elected Clerk of the Li-gislature, 
 and, as soon as he was eligible, was elected a member 
 of that body, first in 1823 and again in 1825. From 
 1827 to 1830 he was a Delegate to Congress from 
 .Arkansas; and when the Territory became a State, 
 in 1836, he was elected a Senator in Congress. He 
 was Cliairman for many years of the Committee on 
 Indian Affairs, and afterwards of the Committee on 
 Foreign Relations. He resigned his seat in the Sen- 
 ate in 1848 to accept the appointment from President 
 Polk of a special mission to Mexico, to negotiate a 
 peace. He possessed the unbounded confidence of 
 iiis constituents and party. He died at Little Rock, 
 December 21, 1848. 
 
 Sevier, John, — A native of Tenne.ssee. having 
 been born 1744 ; was an Officer in the Rbvolutionary 
 War, and distinguished himself in the battle at 
 King's Mountain, in 1780. For his services on tliat 
 occasion the Legislature of North Carolina, in 1813, 
 voted him a sword. He commanded the forces which 
 defeated the Creek and Cherokee Indians in 1789. 
 He was afterwards a General in the Provisional Army; 
 and, from 1796 to 1801 and 1803 to 1809, Governor of 
 Tennessee : he was a Representative in Congress from 
 North Carolina, in 1790 and 1791, and from Tennessee 
 from 1811 to 1815, and was then appointed by Presi- 
 dent Monroe one of the Commissioners to ascertain 
 llie boundary line of the Creek Territory, and died 
 while engaged in that service, at Fort Decatur. Sep- 
 tember 24, 1815. He was one of those who voted for 
 locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 
 Sewall, Samuel. — Born in Boston, December 11, 
 1707. He graduated at Harvard College in 1770; 
 was a lawyer, by profession, and settled at Marljle- 
 head ; in 1796 was elected a Representative in Con- 
 frress, serving till 1800, wlien he resigned, and was 
 distinguished in that body by his knowledge of com- 
 mercial law; was a Presidential Elector in 1801. In 
 1800 he was placed upon the bench of the Supreme 
 Court of Massachusetts, and in 1813 was appointed 
 Chief Justice. He died at Wiscasset, June 8,1814, 
 where the gentlemen of the bar erected a monument 
 to his memory. 
 
 Seward, George F, — He was born in New 
 York ; received a liberal education ; was sent in 1863 
 by his uncle, William H. Seward, as Consul General 
 to Shaughae in China,- where he acquitted himself 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 iro 
 
 ■with faithfulness, and in 1S75 he was appointed Min- 
 ister Plenipottutiary to China in the place of Avery, 
 who died at his post of duty. 
 
 Seward, Frederick A. — He was born in New 
 Yoi-li, and was the son of William H. Seward ; re- 
 ceived a good education and studied law ; was for 
 several years an Assistant Secretary of the State De- 
 partment ; in 18G6 was commissioned to negotiate for 
 the cession of Samuna Bay : and was subsequently 
 elected to the Legislature of New York. 
 
 Setvard, Jauies L. — He was born in Georgia, 
 and bred a lawyer. In 1836 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, serving several years. He first 
 entered Congress in 1853, as a Kepresentative from 
 Georgia, and continued there to the close of the Thir- 
 ty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the C(mi- 
 mittee on Navill Affairs. Resided at Thoniasvillc, 
 and was an active man in public affairs. 
 
 Seward, IHlliam H. — He was born in Florida, 
 Orange County, New York, May 16, 1801 ; graduated 
 at Union College in 1820 ; studied law and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1833, and settled at Auburn in 1823. 
 In 1830 he was elected to the State Senate for four 
 years ; in 1834. as a Whig, he was the unsuccessful 
 candidate for Governor of the State ; in 1838 he was 
 re-nominated and elected for two years ; was also 
 re-elected for two years, and in 1843 he resumed the 
 practice of his profession at Auburn, attending to 
 business chiefly in the Federal courts. In 1849 he 
 was chosen a Senator in Congress from New York, 
 for six years, and took his seat at the extra session 
 called to consider the nomination of President Tay- 
 lor. He was re-elected in 1855 and held the position 
 until he became Secretary of the State, under Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, in 1861. In 1860 he was spoken of as 
 a candidate for the Presidency, and during that year 
 mode a pilgrimage to Egypt and the Holy Land. On 
 the night of the assassination of President Lincoln, 
 April 14, 1865, while confined to his bed by serious 
 illness, an attempt was made to take his life also. 
 The assassin named Payne, inflicted a severe wound 
 with a knife, from the effects of which, after much 
 suffering, he finally recovered, and resumed his 
 duties in the cabinet. In 1849 he published the 
 "Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams ; " 
 and his own life and collected speeches were pub- 
 lished in four volumes between 1853 and 18G3, edited 
 by George E. Baker. In 1871 he made the tour of 
 the world, and died at Auburn, October 10, 1873. 
 
 Sewell, Daviil. — Born in York, Maine, October 
 7, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1755 ; 
 was a classmate and friend of John Adams ; in 1759 
 he established himself at York and practiced law sev- 
 eral years ; was appointed Justice of the Peace in 
 1762 ; Register of Probate in 1766 ; took an active 
 part in the Revolution in 1776 ; was a member of the 
 Legislature ; was chosen Councilor and appointed in 
 1777 a Justice of the Superior Court; from 1789 to 
 1818 was Judge of the United States District Court of 
 Maine. He received the Degree of LL.D. , from 
 Bowdon College, in 1813. Died at York, October 33, 
 1835. 
 
 Seivell, James, — Was a Representative, from 
 Maryland, in the Third Session of the Twenty-seventh 
 Congress, for the unexpired term of James W. Wil- 
 liams, deceased. 
 
 Seyhert, Adam. — He was a citizen of Philadel- 
 phia, and a Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
 sylvania, from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 
 1819. He died at Paris, May 3, 1835, bequeathing 
 one thousand dollars for educating the deaf and 
 dumb, and five hundred dollars to the Orphan Asy- 
 
 lum in Philadelphia. He was a man of science, and 
 was particularly skillful as a chemist and mineralo- 
 gist. He published Statistical Annals of the United 
 States from 1789 to 1818. 
 
 Seytnovr, Darid X. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut in 1803 ; removed to New York, and in 18C6 was a 
 member of the State Legislature ; was a Master in 
 Chancery ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1843 to 1845, and from 1851 to 1853. 
 He was also a Delegate to the " State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1867. Died at Lanesborough, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 11, 1867. 
 
 Seymour, Horatio. — Bom in Litchfield, Con- 
 necticut, May 31, 1778 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1797 ; studied law at the Litchfield School, and fettled 
 in Middlebury, Vermont. He wiis a Judge of Probate, 
 member of the Council, and a Senator in Congress 
 from Vermont from 1831 to 1833, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Agriculture. He died at 
 Middlebury, November 21, 1857. The Governor of 
 New York bearing the same name was his nephew. 
 
 Seymour, Horatio. — Born in Onondaga Coun- 
 ty. New York, in 1811 ; studied law, and practiced at 
 Utica ; soon gave his whole attention to the care of i^. 
 his estates ; he was a member of the State Assembly » y 'J'i 
 in 1841 ; Mayor of Utica in 1843 ; Speaker of the Leg- f * ^ * 
 j^lature in 1845 ; was Governor of New York from f 
 ffe»3. to 4*aS: and 1863 to 1805; was an advocate of '^ ^ 
 Concession towards the South in 1861, which he main- t d ^^ 
 tained in several ])ublic addresses ; was President of tlie 
 National Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1864 ; 
 candidate for Governor that year, and defeated ; Pres- 
 ident of the National Democratic Convention in 1868 ; 
 and nominated for the Presidency of the United 
 States, but received only eighty electoral votes, and 
 was defeated by General Grant. Received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Hamilton College in 1858. 
 
 Scyttioiir, Oriffen S. — He was born in Litch- 
 field, Connecticut, in 1804 ; was bred a lawyer ; served 
 in the State Legislature, and as a Speaker in 1850 ; 
 and was a Rei>resentative in Congress from Connecti- 
 cut from 1851 to 1855. He was subsequently chosen 
 a Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut, which 
 office he held for eight years. 
 
 Seymour, Thomas IF. — He was born in Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, in 1808 ; was educated at the Mid- 
 dletown Military Academy ; studied law, and practiced 
 the profession in Hartford ; was for several years the 
 editor of a leading paper ; was a Judge of Probate ; 
 a Representative in Congress from Connecticut, from 
 1843 to 1845 ; in 1846 went to Mexico as aMajorof the 
 New FiUgland Regiment, which he commanded after 
 the fall f>f Colonel Ransom ; was with General Scott 
 at the City of Mexico ; a Presidential Elector in 
 1853 ; was elected Governor of the State in 1850, and 
 re-elected three times ; and was ajijiointed by Presi- 
 dent Pierce Minister to Russia. Died at Hartford, 
 Connecticut, September 3, 1868. 
 
 Seymour, Tr*7/(rt»H.— He wasbornin Connecti- 
 cut ; served as a member of the New York Assembly 
 in 1832 and 1834, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1835 to 1837. 
 
 Seys, fToJitt. — He was a citizen of Ohio, and in 
 1866 he was appointed Minister Resident and Consul 
 General to Liberia, where he remained until 1870, 
 when he returned to the United States. 
 
 Sliadwick, William. — He was a member of 
 Congress from North Carolina during the years 1796 
 and 1797. 
 
380 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 S1l(ffer,Javoh K. — He was bom in Rockingham 
 County, Virginia, December 26, 1823 ; educated at 
 Wasliington College, and in a law school at Staunton ; 
 in 1849 removed to Stockton, California ; in 1850 was 
 elected District Attorney ; in 1852 Mayor of Stockton ; 
 in 1853 was Judge of San Joaquin County, and contin- 
 ued in office until 1862, when he removed to Wash- 
 ington Territory, and was elected a Delegate to the 
 Forty-first Congress. 
 
 Shaffer, Oscar C. — He was an early emigrant 
 from the East to California ; a man of culture, and a 
 lawyer by profession ; in 1863 he was chosen a Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of California ; from 1870 to 
 1872 Chief Justice of the same, and died in Florence, 
 Italy, January 23, 1873. 
 
 Shaler, William. — Was United States Consul 
 General at Algiers, and negotiated a treaty with that 
 power in 1815 ; published " Sketches of Algiers," in 
 1836, which was very serviceable to the French in 
 their operations against that place. He also pub- 
 lished a paper ou the language of the Berbers in 
 Africa, in the Phil. Trans.; he was A.M. of New Jer- 
 sey College in 1828 ; was United States Consul at 
 Havana, and died there March 29, 1833, aged fifty-five 
 years. 
 
 Shanldand, William H. — Born in Montgom- 
 ery County, New York, in 1804 ; educated at an aca- 
 demy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827 ; held 
 the offices of Justice of the Peace, and District Attor- 
 ney, and in 1847 was elected one of the Justices of the 
 Supreme Court, holding the position many years. 
 After leaving the bench he settled in Syracuse and re- 
 sumed the practice of his profession. 
 
 Hhanhlin, George S. — He was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1864, and elected a Representative from 
 Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, the 
 District of Columbia, and the Memphis Riot. De- 
 clined to give the author any information. 
 
 Shanks, John P. C — Born in Martinsburg, 
 Virginia, June 17, 1836 ; was for the most part self- 
 educated ; removed to Indiana where he studied law, 
 and commenced practice in 1850 ; was elected to the 
 Indiana Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and in 1860 he 
 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Private Land Claims, and on Agriculture. He 
 visited the field of Bull Run in July, 1861, as a .spec- 
 tator, but became a participant ; during the subse- 
 quent recess of Congress, he served in Missouri as a 
 member of General Fremont's Staff, performing some 
 other military service until he resumed his seat in 
 Congress, in December, 1861. He was a Delegate to 
 the Pittsburg "Soldiers' Convention" of 1866; and 
 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committtee on Union Prisoners, and on 
 those on the Militia and Indian Afiairs. Also elected 
 to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses ; and was appointed an Indian Agent, in 
 March, 1875, with a compensation of ten dollars per 
 day. 
 
 Shannon, George, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1787 ; as a boy he joined the expedition of 
 Lewis and Clark to the Rocky Mountains ; read law 
 in Philadelphia and removed to Kentucky, and thence 
 to Missouri, about the year 1828 ; was a Judge of the 
 Circuit Court in the former State, and United States 
 District Attorney in the latter State, and died at Pal 
 myra, August 30, 1836. 
 
 Shannon, Peter C. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was appointed from that State, United 
 
 States Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the Ter- 
 ritory of Dakota. 
 
 Shannon, Thomas, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Ohio from 1826 to 1827. 
 
 Shannon, Thoman B. — Born in Westmoreland 
 Countv, Pennsvlvania, in 1827 ; emigrated to Illinois 
 in 1844 ; in 1849 to California ; from 1854 to 1861 was 
 engaged in merchandising ; served four sessions in 
 the California Legislature ; and in 1863 he was elected 
 a Representative from California to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving ou the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 He was a member of the National Committee ap- 
 pointed to accompany the remains of President Lin- 
 coln to Illinois. Subsequently appointed Collector of 
 Customs at San Francisco. 
 
 Shannon, Wilson, — He was born in Belmont 
 County, Ohio, February 34, 1802 ; educated at Athens 
 College in Ohio, and Transylvania LTniversity in Ken- 
 tucky ; adopted the profession of law, and in 1835 
 was Prosecuting Attorney for the State of Ohio ; was 
 elected Governor of Ohio in 1837, and again in 1842 ; 
 by President Tyler, was appointed Minister to Mexico 
 in 1844 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Ohio from 1853 to 1855. In 1855 he was appointed by 
 President Pierce Governor of the Territory of Kan- 
 sas. 
 
 Sharkeji, William L. — He was formerly Pre- 
 siding Judge of the High Court of Errors in Mississip- 
 pi ; the Provisional Governor of Mississippi in 1865 
 and 1806, and died in Washington, April 29, 1873, in 
 the eighty-third year of his age. 
 
 Sharon, William. — Born in Smithfield, Ohio, 
 January 9, 1821 ; received a good education, and pre- 
 pared himself for the legal profession, but relin- 
 quished it to enter the banking business ; on removing 
 to Nevada he became largely interested in mining 
 operations ; and the only public position of a political 
 character he ever accepted, was that of a Senator in 
 Congress from Nevada, to which he was elected for 
 the terra beginning in 1875 and ending in 1881. Of 
 late years he has been largely interested in the finan- 
 cial affairs of the Pacific Slope, and as Trustee of the 
 Bank of California, and during the troubles of that 
 institution, arising out of the death of the late Presi- 
 dent, he did more than any other man to bring its 
 affairs to a satisfactory settlement. 
 
 Sharp, Solomon P, — He was bom in Virginia, 
 but removed to Kentucky when a child ; received a 
 limited education, but studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar when nineteen years of age, and was suc- 
 cessful ; he served a number of years in the State 
 Legislature ; was Attorney-General of the State ; and 
 a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 
 1813 to 1817. He fell by the hand of an assassin, 
 while a member of the Legislature, in November, 
 1835, aged fifty-five years ; and a legislative reward 
 of three thousand dollars for the arrest of the mur- 
 derer was offered. 
 
 Sharpe, Peter, — He was a member of the As- 
 semljly of New York from 1814 to 1820, officiating a 
 number of sessions as Speaker ; he was also a mem- 
 ber of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 
 1821 ; a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to 
 1823; and a member of the " Tariff Convention" held 
 in 1837. 
 
 Sharpe, William, — Born in Cecil County, Mary- 
 land, December 13, 1743 ; removed to Macklenburg, 
 North Carolina, at the age of twenty-one ; was a law- 
 yer, and a patriot of the Revolution ; was a delegate 
 to the Provincial Congress in 1775 and 1770 ; and of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 381 
 
 the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782 : was aid- 
 de-camp to General Rutherford in the Indian cam- 
 paign of 177G ; and was one of tlie Commissioners 
 who made a treaty with them in 1777. Died in Ire- 
 dell County, North Carolina, July, 1818. 
 
 Sharswood, George. — Bom in Philadelphia, 
 July 7, 1810 ; graduated at the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1828 ; studied law and came to tlie Philadel- 
 phia bar in 1831 ; appointed Judge of the District 
 Court in 1845 ; was President Judge from 1851 to 
 1867 ; in the latter year was transferred to the Su- 
 preme Court of the State ; was Professor of Law ill 
 the University of Pennsylvania ; and was the author 
 of " Lectures on Commercial Law " on the " Study of 
 Law," on " Professional Ethics," and edited a num- 
 ber of important legal volumes. Was made a Doctor 
 of Laws by Columbia College in 1856. 
 
 Shaver, Leonidas. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Utah, and in 1853 he was appointed an Associate 
 Justice of the United States Court for the Territory 
 of Utah. 
 
 Shaw, Aaroti, — Born in Orange County, New 
 York, in 1811 ; a lawyer by profession ; was State's 
 Attorney for eight years in tiie Fourth Judicial Cir- 
 cuit of Illinois ; and was a member of the State 
 House of Representatives in 1849 and 1850. He was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 from Illinois, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on the Militia. 
 
 Shaw, JTenri/, — He was born in Windham 
 County, Vermont; studied law with Judge Foot, in 
 Albany, New York, and settled in practice in Lanes- 
 borough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, at the 
 age of twenty-two ; he was nominated for Congress 
 before be was eligible, and was subsequently elected, 
 in 1816, to the Sixteenth Congress, and voted for the 
 Missouri Compromise, which prevented his re-elec- 
 tion. He was an intimate friend of Heni-y Clay, and 
 a personal friend and acquaintance of ten of the Pres- 
 idents of the United States. He was a member of 
 the Massachusetts Legislature for eighteen years, 
 also a member of the Governor's Council, and was 
 the pioneer in the manufacturing prosperity of west- 
 ern Massachusetts. In 1833 he was also a Presiden- 
 tial Elector. In 1848 he removed to New Tork, and 
 resided at Fort Washington, on the Hudson ; was a 
 member of the Board of Education in New York City, 
 and two years in the Common Council, and in 1853 
 was a member of the Assembly. He removed to 
 Newburg in 1854, where he resided until within a 
 few months of his death, which occurred at Peeks- 
 kill, October 17, 1857, aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Sliaiv, Henri) M, — He was born at Newport, 
 Rhode Island, November 20, 1819 ; studied medicine, 
 and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ; re- 
 moved to North Carolina, and was a State Senator in 
 1852, and a Representative, from that State, in the 
 Thirty-third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a 
 memljer of the Committees on Manufactures and 
 Revolutionary Pensions. During tlie Rebellion, be 
 served as a Colonel in the Confederate Army, and 
 was killed near Newbern, in February, 1864. 
 
 Shaw, Samuel. — He was born in Dighton, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in December, 1768, and removed to Put- 
 ney, Vermont, at the end of ten years ; he received a 
 limited education ; commenced the study of medicine 
 at the age of seventeen, and in two years entered 
 upon the practice of his profession at Castleton, Ver- 
 mont, and became eminent as a surgeon. He entered 
 early into politics, and was one of the victims of the 
 Sedition law ; for his denunciation of the administra- 
 tion of John Adams he was imprisoned, and liberated 
 
 by the people without the forms of law ; and in 1799 
 was returned as a member of the State Legislature. 
 He was for some time a member of the State Council, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont 
 from 1S08 to 1813, having succeeded J. Wetherell, 
 resigned. He was a personal friend of Jefferson and 
 Madison, and gave his earnest support to the meas- 
 ures for the prosecution of the war. On his retire- 
 ment from Congress he was appointed Surgeon in the 
 army, and removed to the City of New York ; he was 
 subsequently stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis, and 
 and at Norfolk, and held this office until 1816. As an 
 instance of his physical endurance, it may be men- 
 tioned that he, on one occasion, rode on horseback 
 from St. Louis, Missouri, to Albany, New York, in 
 twenty-nine consecutive days. He died at Clarendon, 
 Vermont, October 22, 1827. 
 
 Shaw, Tristam. — Bom in New Hampshire in 
 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1839 to 1843 : and died at Exeter, New 
 Hampshire, March 14, 1843. 
 
 Sheafe, <Tames. — He was bom in 1755 ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from New Hampshire 
 from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress in 1801 and 
 1802, resigning June, 1802 ; and died at Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire, in 1829. 
 
 Sheakley, James, — Bora near the village of 
 Sheakleyville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, April 
 24, 1830 ; was brought up on a farm and educated at 
 a common school ; in 1850 he went to California, 
 where he spent three years ; returned to Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1854 and engaged in mercantile pursuits ; 
 was for many years extensively engaged in the pe- 
 troleum trade ; was for fifteen years a member of the 
 School Board in Greenville, Mercer County, and in 
 1874 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Shearman, Sf/lrester G. — He was born in 
 North Kingston, Rhode Island, 1802 ; studied law 
 and settled for practice in Wickford ; in 1843 he was 
 elected to the Legislature ; in 1848 was chosen Speak- 
 er of the House ; and in 1855 he was elected a Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the State, in which position 
 he ser\'ed until his death, which occurred at Provi- 
 dence, January 3, 1868. 
 
 Sheafs, Chai'les Christojyher. — He was born 
 
 in Walker County, Alabama, April 10, 1839 ; received 
 a good education ; was elected to the Secession Con- 
 vention in 1860, and was one of the seventeen who 
 refused to sign the ordinance of separation ; was 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1861, and expelled 
 for his adherence to Unionism in 1862 ; was indicted 
 for treason to the Confederate Government and im- 
 prisoned in 1862, but could not obtain a trial, and 
 was kept in close confinement until the close of the 
 war ; was elected a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention in 1865 ; admitted to the bar in 1867 ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; was appointed Consul 
 at Elsinore, Denmark, in 1869 ; and elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Mines and Mining, and Department of Justice. In 
 March, 1875, he was appointed Sixth Auditor of the 
 Treasury, but in a few months was invited to re- 
 sign. 
 
 Sheffer, Daniel. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative to Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Sheffeij, Daniel. — He was bom at Frederick, 
 Maryland, in 1770 ; had a limited education ; was 
 bred to the trade of a shoemaker, and settled in Au- 
 gusta, Virginia ; he afterwards studied law, engaged 
 
383 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 in a lucrative practice, and frequently represented 
 Ills county in tlie House of Delegates. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1809 
 to 1817, and took a high rank. His speech in favor 
 of the renewal of the first Bank of the United States 
 was a masterly production. He was opposed to the 
 war of 1812. He died at his house, December 3, 
 1830. 
 
 Sheffield, Willi am P. — He was born at New 
 Shoreham (Block Island), Newport County, Rhode Is- 
 land, August 30, 1820. His education was obtained 
 first at Kingston Academy, and then from a private 
 tutor; studied law at Hartford University, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1841 and 1842 he was 
 elected to Conventions called to frame a State Consti- 
 tution ; in 184.5 he was elected from his native town 
 to the State Assembly ; removing his residence to 
 Tiverton, he was again elected to the Assembly in 
 1849, where he continued to serve until 1853, when 
 he resigned his seat, and settled in Newport. That 
 city he represented in the Assembly from 1857 to 
 1861, when he was elected a Representative from 
 Rhode Island to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
 as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and on 
 Foreign Affairs. In 1869 he was appointed one of the 
 Commissioners to revise the laws of Rhode Island. 
 
 Slielfibfirf/er, Samuel. — Bom in Clarke Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, December 10, 1817 ; graduated at the Miami 
 University, Ohio, in 1841 ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; was a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1852 
 and 1853 ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Expenses in the Interior Department. 
 In 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Elections and 
 Expenditures in the State Department, and the Spe- 
 cial Committees on the Civil Service and the New 
 Orleans Riots, and as Chairman of the Committee on 
 the Provost Marshal Bureau. He was a Delegate to 
 the "Philadelphia Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, 
 and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on the Assassination of President 
 Lincoln. Re-elected to the Forty -first and Forty-sec- 
 ond Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee 
 on Commerce. 
 
 SJielbi/, Isaac. — Bom near Hagerstown, Mary- 
 land, December 11, 1750 ; received an ordinary Eng- 
 lish education, and became a surveyor in western Vir- 
 ginia ; in 1774 he was Lieutenant in his father's Com- 
 pany at the battle of Point Pleasant, Virginia ; 
 Captain in 1776 ; Commissary in 1777 ; member of the 
 Legislature in 1779 ; and commissioned a Major by 
 Governor Jefferson ; in 1780 was made Colonel ; and 
 defeated Major Ferguson at the battle of Kings 
 Mountain ; was at the action of Musgrove's Mills ; 
 served under Marion in 1781 ; and then joined 
 Greene ; was a member of the Legislature of North 
 Carolina in 1781 and 1782 ; and received a vote of 
 thanks, and a sword from that body ; in 1788 he set- 
 tled at " Traveler's Rest," Kentucky, and was Gov- 
 ernor of that State from 1792 to 1796, after its separa- 
 tion from Virginia. In 1813 he joined General 
 Harrison, and was at the victory of the Thames, for 
 which service he was granted a gold medal by Con- 
 gress. He was appointed Secretary of War by Mon- 
 roe, but declined on account of his age. In 1818 he 
 was a Commissioner with General .lackson to treat 
 with the Cherokee Indians. A county in Kentucky, 
 and a College in Shelbyville were named for him. He 
 died in Lincoln County, Kentucky, July 18, 1826. 
 
 Sheldon. Lionel A. — Born in Worcester, Otse- 
 go County, New York, August 30, 1829 ; went with 
 his parents to Ohio in 1833 ; worked on a farm and 
 acquired a common-school education ; taught school 
 
 for several years ; studied law and came to the bar in 
 1851, after which he attended the Law School at 
 Poughkeepsie ; served one term as Judge of Probate 
 in Lorain County, Ohio ; was a Delegate to the " Phil- 
 adelphia Convention " of 1856 ; in 1861 he entered 
 the volunteer army as a Captain, and was soon pro- 
 moted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in that 
 capacity served in eastern Kentucky, the Cumberland 
 Gap expedition, and the Vicksburg expedition, hav- 
 ing been in the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs and Port 
 Gibson, in the last of which he was wounded ; he also 
 saw much service in Louisiaua, Arkansas and Missis- 
 sippi, and at the close of the war he was brevetted a 
 Brigadier-General. He subsequently settled in New 
 Orleans, and devoted himself to his profession ; and 
 in 1868 he was elected a Representative from Louisi- 
 ana to the Forty-first Congress. Re-elected to the 
 two subsequent Congresses, serving on many Commit- 
 tees, as Chairman of that on the Militia. 
 
 Sheldon, Porter. — He was born in Victor, 
 Ontario County, New York, September 29, 1831 ; stud- 
 ied law and came to the bar in 1854 ; practiced his 
 profession at Randolph, New York, until 18.57, when 
 he removed to Rockford, Illinois, where he continued 
 the practice of his profession until 1865, when he re- 
 turned to Chautauqua, in his native State ; in 1862 he 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Illi- 
 nois ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Retrench- 
 ment. 
 
 Shejyard, Charles B. — Bom in Newbcrn, 
 North Carolina, December 5, 1807 ; graduated at 
 ( 'hapel Hill in 1827 ; was elected to Congress in 1837, 
 where he continued to serve until 1841 ; and died in 
 October, 1843. 
 
 Shepard, WiUiani B. — Bom in Newbern, 
 North Carolina, in 1799 ; educated at Chapel Hill ; 
 studied law, and became eminent in his profession ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1837, 
 when he declined a re-election ; in 1838 he was elected 
 to the State Senate, and served five terms. He died 
 at Elizabeth City, June 20, 1853. 
 
 Shepherd, Alexander B. — He was bom in 
 
 Washington City, Januaiy 31, 1835 ; at the age often 
 he was ajiprenticed to a carpenter, and when seven- 
 teen, to the trade of a plumber ; became a partner in 
 the house of J. W. Thompson & Co. and finally suc- 
 ceeded to the business in his own name. Wlien the 
 Rebellion commenced, he was one of the first to vol- 
 unteer his services ; in 1861 he entered the Common 
 Council of Washington and became President ; in 
 1867- appointed a member of the Levy Court ; in 1869 
 was one of a hundred appointed to draft a bill for the 
 union of the District of Columbia ; in 1870 he became 
 President of the Citizen's Reform Association, and 
 also elected an Alderman ; in 1871 he was appointed 
 a member of the Board of Public Works, and was 
 Vice President ; and while he was in that office, 
 Washington was transformed, in its appearance, from 
 an old into a new city ; and in 1873 he was appointed 
 the second Governor of the District of Columbia. He 
 remained in office until the form of Government was 
 again changed. It is claimed for him that he erected 
 more than one thousand houses iu Washington, at a 
 cost of five millions of dollars. 
 
 Shepherd, Williant. — Born in Massachusetts, 
 December 1. 1737 ; he served six years as a Captain in 
 the Revolutionary army, and distinguithed himself at 
 William Henry and Crown Point; in 1783 he was 
 chosen a Brigadier-General, having fought in twenty- 
 two battles ; he was subsequently a Major-General of 
 Militia ; and a Representative in Congress from 1797 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 383 
 
 to 1803. Died at Westfield, Massachusetts, Novem- 
 ber 11, 1817. 
 
 iS/ieplet/, Ether. — A Senator in Congress from 
 Maine from 1838 to 1886. He was born in Groton, 
 Massachusetts, November 2, 1789 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1811 ; studied law, and commenced 
 the practice in Saco, but subsequently settled in Port- 
 land. He was in the Massachusetts Legislature in 
 1819 ; a member of the Convention that fonned the 
 first Constitution of Maine in 1820 ; and was for thir- 
 teen years Attorney of the United States for Maine. 
 After leaving the Senate of the United States, he was 
 chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, and 
 subsequently Chief Justice of the same, which latter 
 position he held until 1855. While on the bench he 
 furnished the materials for twenty-six volumes of 
 Reports, and as sole Commissioner was appointed to 
 revise the statutes of Maine. He was Trustee of 
 Bowdoin College, from which institution he received 
 the degree of LL.D. 
 
 SJteple^i, George Foster, — Bom in Saco, 
 Maine, January 1, 1819 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1837 ; studied law at Harvard Law School, 
 and at Portland ; began to practice at Bangor in 1840 ; 
 removed to Portland, and was appointed United States 
 District Attorney by President Polk, which position 
 he held until 1861. When the Civil War broke out 
 he became Colonel of the Twelfth Maine Volunteers ; 
 and acted as commander of a brigade in General But- 
 ler's expedition ; was made Commandant of the City 
 of New Orleans on its surrender ; was made Briga- 
 dier-General ; and was Military Governor of Louisi- 
 ana from June 1863 to 1864 ; and Military Governor 
 of Richmond on its surrender in 1865. Resigned J uly 
 1, 1865, and resumed the practice of law in Port- 
 land ; in 1871 was United States Circuit Judge of the 
 First Circuit. 
 
 Sfieplor, Matthias. — Bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Shepperd, Auffiistiis II. — He was bom in Sur- 
 ry County, North Carolina ; educated a lawyer ; 
 served in the House of Commons from 1823 to 1856 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 
 1839 ; again from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 
 to 1851. 
 
 Sherburne, John S. — He was born in New 
 Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1770; 
 attended the law school at Harvard ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1793 
 to 1797 ; was United States District Attorney in 1803, 
 and Judge of the United States District Court from 
 1803 to 1830. He died in 1830, aged seventy-tliree 
 years. 
 
 Sherhtirne, Moses. — He was an early emigrant 
 io Minnesota, and in 1853 he was appointed an Asso- 
 jiate Justice of the United States Court for Minne- 
 sota. 
 
 Sheredine, Tipton. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Maryland from 1791 to 
 
 1793. 
 
 Slierm.an, Charles R. — Bora inNorwalk, Con- 
 necticut, September 26, 1788 ; settled in Fairfield 
 County, Ohio, to practice law, in 1810 ; became emi- 
 nent in the profession ; held the office of Revenue 
 Collector for Fairfield County, but became poor 
 through the frauds of his deputies. He was Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1825 to his death 
 which occurred at Lebanon, Ohio, June 24, 1829. He 
 
 was the father of General Wm. T. , Senator John, and 
 Judge Charles T. Sherman. 
 
 Sherman, Charles T. — Born in Ohio, and son 
 of Charles R. ; was United States District Judge for 
 the Northern District of Ohio in 1875 ; and is the 
 brother of John Sherman the Senator, and of William 
 T. Sherman the General. 
 
 Sherman, Henry. — He was bom in Albany, 
 New York, March 6, 1808 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1839 ; studied theology at Princeton, and law at the 
 Yale College law school ; settled in New York City, 
 and while practicing his profession published a " Di- 
 gest on Marine Insurance ; " in 184.3 he published a 
 school edition of the " Governmental History of the 
 United States ; " in 1850 he removed to Hartford Con- 
 necticut ; In 1858 he published a work en " Slavery ;" 
 in 1860 an enlarged edition of his History ; in 1801 he 
 removed to Washington City ; became a warm person- 
 al friend of President Lincoln, who on the morning 
 preceding his assassination offered Mr. Sherman the 
 Chief Justiceship of New Mexico. When President 
 Johnson came into office he caused the commission to 
 be issued, but after holding it for a time he finally 
 declined the office, but his name went upon the re- 
 cords as a Judge. As a writer for the press he has 
 attracted much attention. 
 
 Sherman, John. — He was born in Lancaster, 
 Ohio, May 10, 1823 ; received a liberal education ; 
 adopted the profession of law, and came to the bar in 
 1844. In 1848 and 1852 he was a Delegate to the 
 Whig Conventions of those years ; in 1854 he was 
 elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth ; and, 
 on being returned for the Thirty-sixth Congress, he 
 was the Republican candidate for Speaker, and after 
 an unprecedented contest, wanted only one or two 
 votes to secure his election. During that Congress 
 he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and 
 Means. In 1860 he was elected to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress, but in 1881, on the resignation of Senator 
 Chase, he was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving 
 as Chairman of the 'Committees on Agriculture and 
 on Finance, and as a member of those on the Pacific 
 Railroad and the Judiciary. In January, 1866, he 
 was re-plected to the Senate for the term commencing 
 in 1867, and ending in 1873 ; serving again at the head 
 of the Finance Committee, and on those on the Pa- 
 tent Office and the Pacific Railroad. The distin- 
 guished General bearing his name is his brother. Re- 
 elected for the term ending in 1879. 
 
 Sherman, J. IF. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was elected a Representative from that State to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Unfinished Business. 
 
 Sherman, Hofjer. — Born at Newton, Massa- 
 chusetts, April 19, 1721. He had no advantages for 
 education, yet he was eager in the pursuit of knowl- 
 edge, and when apprenticed to a shoemaker, he 
 often had a book open before him while at his work. 
 In 1743 he removed to New Milford, Connecticut, 
 carrying his tools upon his back ; he soon relinqnish- 
 ed his trade, however, and was for a time engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits. He afterwards studied law and 
 settled in New Haven, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1754. He was Judge of the County, Superior, and 
 Supreme Courts for a period of twenty-three years ; 
 and a member of the First Congress in 1774, and con- 
 tinued a member for many years. He signed the 
 Declaration of Independence in 1776, and also the 
 Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. After 
 the adoption of the Constitution of the United 
 States, in regard to which he took a prominent part, 
 he was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 
384 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Connecticut, and chosen a Senator in 1791, continuing 
 in that station until Lis death, July 33, 1793. He was 
 a profound and sag-acious statesman, an able and up- 
 right judge, and an exemplary Christian. He was 
 made Master of Arts by Yale College, and was Treas- 
 urer of that institution from 1766 to 1776. 
 
 Sherman. Mmkmt Mitiot. — Born at Wobum, 
 Massachusetts, May 22, 1773 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1792 ; was tutor in that institution in 
 1793 ; admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an 
 office in Fairfield, where he passed the rest of his life 
 and gained a lucrative practice. He was a member 
 of the General Assembly in 1798 ; of the State Senate 
 from 1814 to 1818 ; a Delegate to the Hartford Con- 
 vention in 1814 ; Judge of the Superior Court and the 
 Supreme Court of Errors from 1840 to 1842 ; and died 
 in Fairfield, December 30, 1844. Received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Yale College in 1829. 
 
 Sherman, Socrates K.—Se was bom in Ver- 
 mont and elected a Representative from New York to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serring on the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures in the Interior Department. 
 
 Sherman, IfUtiam Tectunseh. — Born in 
 Mansfield, Ohio, February 8, 1820 ; graduated at 
 West Point in 1840 ; entered the Artillery and served 
 in Florida ; became First Lieutenant in 1841 ; Cap- 
 tain in 1830 ; and resigned in 1853. He subsequently 
 removed to California and was a broker in San Fran- 
 cisco ; afterwards practiced law in Kansas ; and in 
 1800 became Superintendent of a Military Academy 
 founded by the State of Louisiana. In 1801 he was 
 appointed a Colonel of Infantry in the United States 
 army and commanded a Brigade at Bull Run ; was 
 made Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and had com- 
 mand of the Kentucky Department. Having ex- 
 pressed the opinion that it would take two hundred 
 thousand men to clear that region of rebels he was 
 considered insane and relieved of his command. In 
 1862 he joined the army of Tennessee, and rendered 
 very important aid at Shiloh ; where he was wounded 
 and had three horses shot under him ; was made a 
 Major-General and took a leading part at Corinth, at 
 Memphis, and iu the Vicksburg campaign, at Chatta- 
 nooga, Knosville, and indeed iu all the important 
 operations of that entire region ; and in 1864 he made 
 one of the most famous military marches of modem 
 times, going from Atlanta to the Savannah, with 
 sixty thousand men; and which great enterprise soon 
 brought the war to a conclusion. He was made 
 Brigadier-General in the United States army in 1863 ; 
 Major-General in 1864 ; Lieutenant-Geueral in 1866 ; 
 and General-in-Chief of the army in 1869. In 1875 
 he published a " Memoir of his Life and Campaign," 
 in two volumes, which attracted very great attention 
 from the public press. His head-quarters are at St. 
 Louis. 
 
 SherriU, Eliakim, — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Manufactures. He served as an officer 
 in the Rebellion, and was killed at the battle of Get- 
 tysburg. 
 
 Sherrod, William C, — He was bom in Court- 
 laud, Alabama, August 17, 1835 ; educated at Chapel 
 Hill College, North Carolina ; was a cotton planter ; 
 was a member of the " National Democratic Conven- 
 tion " at Charleston in 1860 ; served in the State Leg- 
 islature of Alabama in 1859 and 1860 ; was an officer 
 in the Confederate Army during the war ; and was 
 elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several 
 Committees. 
 
 Sherwood, Henry, — He was bom in Bridge- 
 
 port, Connecticut, October 9, 1817 ; devoted himself 
 to the practice of law during twenty-four years : and 
 was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on the Revision of laws. 
 
 Sherwood, Isaac E. — He was bom in Dutchess 
 County, New York, August 13, 1835 ; educated at 
 Antioch College, Ohio, and at the Cleveland Law 
 Institute ; located in 1857 at Bryan, where he estab- 
 lished the WiUuims County Gazette ; in 1859 elected 
 Probate Judge of Williams County, which he resigned 
 to enter the army in 1861. After serving in the ranks 
 for four months in West Virginia, he was appointed 
 Adjutant in 1862 ; Major in 1863 ; participated in the 
 East Tennessee campaign ; was promoted to be 
 Lieutenant-Colonel in 1864, and commanded his regi- 
 ment to the close of the war ; receiving a brevet of 
 Brigadier-General for gallant and meritorious services; 
 he edited the Toledo CommereUil, and was an editorial 
 writer on the Cleveland Leader ; elected Secretary of 
 State for Ohio in 1868, and re-elected in 1870 ; and he 
 was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Railways and Canals. 
 
 Sherivood, Samuel, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815 ; was 
 a successful lawyer in Delhi from 1800 to 1833. He 
 died in New York in November, 1862. 
 
 Sherivood, Samuel B. — He was bom in Con- 
 necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 
 to 1819, and died in 1833. 
 
 Shiel, George K, — He was bom in Ireland, and 
 was elected a Representative from Oregon to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Shields, Benjamin G. — He was a citizen of 
 Alabama, and in 1845 was appointed Charge d'AfEaires 
 to Venezuela, where he remained untU 1850. 
 
 Shields, Ebenezer J, — Bom in Georgia, and 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee from 1835 to 1839. Died May 20, 1846. 
 
 Shields. James. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1829 to 1831. Died in But- 
 ler County, Ohio, in 1831. 
 
 Shields, tfames. — Was bom in County Tyrone, 
 Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to America about 
 1826. He pursued his mathematical and classical 
 studies until the year 1832, when he went to Illinois, 
 and commenced the practice of law at Kaskaskia. In 
 1836 he was elected a member of the Illinois Legisla- 
 ture, and Auditor of the State in 1839. In 1843 he 
 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 
 1845 Commissioner of the General Land Office. At 
 the commencement of the Mexican War he was ap- 
 pointed by President Polk a Brigadier-General in the 
 United States army, and. for his distinguished 
 services during the course of the war, was promoted 
 to the rank of Brevet Major-General. In 1848 he was 
 appointed Governor of Oregon Territory, which he 
 resigned. In 1849 he was elected to a seat in the 
 United States Senate, for a term of six years, from 
 the State of Illinois. He subsequently took \ip his 
 residence in the Territory of Minnesota, and in 1857 
 was elected to represent the same in the Senate of the 
 United States, when it became a State, in which 
 position he served two years. During the troubles 
 of 1861 he served as a General in the Union army, 
 resigned his commission in 1803 ; removed to Wiscon- 
 sin, and in 1868 was President of the " State Demo- 
 cratic Convention," and subsequently settled in Mis- 
 souri. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 385 
 
 S/iU'fds, Willinm Sai/ard. — He was an early 
 emigrant to Mississippi, and in 1818 lie was appointed 
 District Judge of the United States Court for the 
 State of Mississippi. 
 
 Shinn, William iV". — He was bom in New 
 Jersey ; a farmer by occupation ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 
 1837. 
 
 Shipherd, Zebiilon H. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1813 to 
 1815. Died in Moriah, Essex County, New York. 
 
 Shipman, Nathaniel. — He was bom in Con- 
 necticut ; received a liberal education, and adopted 
 the profession of law ; held many local positions in 
 Hartford, the city of his residence, and in 1873 he was 
 appointed United States Judge for the District of 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Sliippen, Edward. — Born in Philadelphia, 
 February 16, 1729 ; studied law there and then 
 finished at the Temple in London ; when he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1750. On his return to Philadel- 
 phia he devoted himself to his profession ; at the age 
 of twenty-four was appointed Prothonotary of the 
 Supreme Court, and Judge of the Admiralty Court 
 for the Province ; was afterwards a member of the 
 Council until a cessation of that office by the Revolu- 
 tion ; and subsequently appointed President of the 
 Courts of Quarter Sessions for the County of Philadel- 
 phia. In 17U1 was Judge of the Supreme Court and 
 in 1799 Chief Justice, which office he resigned in 1806. 
 Died in Philadelphia, April 16, 1806. 
 
 Shijipen, Villiam. — Born in Pennsylvania; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1754. Studied med- 
 icine in Edinburgh, and on his return, in 1764, he 
 began in Philadelphia the first course of lectures in 
 anatomy ever delivered in America. He assisted in es- 
 tablishing the Medical School of Philadelphia, and 
 was appointed one of its professors. In 1777 he was 
 appointed Director-General of the Medical Depart- 
 ment in the Armv, and was a Delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Died in 1808. 
 
 Shober, Francis E. — He was born in Salem, 
 North Carolina, March 12, 1831 ; was educated at Naz- 
 areth Hall, a Moravian establishment in Pennsylvania, 
 and also at the University of North Carolina, where he 
 graduated in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 in 1853, locating at Salisbury ; when the Rebellion 
 commenced, he opposed the secession movement, and 
 exerted himself in behalf of the Union ; in 1862 he 
 was elected to the State Assembly as a conservative, 
 and continued in that position until the close of the 
 war ; subsequently served one session in the State 
 Senate ; and he was elected a Representative from 
 North Carolina to the Forty-first and Forty-second 
 Congresses, serving on the Committee on Mines and 
 Mining. 
 
 Shoeinaker. L-azarus D. — He was bom in 
 
 Kingston, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1819 ; gradu- 
 ated at Yale College in 1840 ; studied and practiced 
 law in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania ; was a member of 
 the State Senate in 1866, 1867, and 1868, and elected 
 to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv 
 ing as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions, and on that of Claims. 
 
 Short, William. — Born at Spring Garden, Vir 
 ginia, September 30, 1759 ; graduated at William and 
 Mary College ; was a member of the Executive 
 Council of Virginia at an early age ; was Secretary of 
 Legation to Jefferson when Minister to France in 
 1784 ; in 1789 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to 
 
 25 
 
 France by Washington ; held the f ■ t commission 
 signed by him, and was the first citizen appointed to 
 office under the Federal Constitution ; he was Minis- 
 ister Resident to the Netherlands in 1792 ; and Com- 
 missioner to negotiate with Spain in 1794 ; and ap- 
 pointed Minister Resident to that country the same 
 year. His important negotiations were connected 
 with the boundaries of Florida and Mississippi, and 
 resulted in the treaty of 1795. He died at Philadel- 
 phia, December 5, 1849. 
 
 Shorter. Eli S. — Born in Monticello, Georgia, 
 March 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ; 
 was a lawyer by profession, but engaged in the plant- 
 ing business. He was elected a Representative from 
 Alabama to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, and was a member of the Committee on In- 
 dian Affairs. 
 
 Shorter, .John Gill. — He was a native of 
 Georgia, and the son of Eli S. Shorter ; removed to 
 Alabama when young ; was for several years a State 
 Senator ; from 1855 to 1861 Circuit Judge for his dis- 
 trict ; was a member of the Confederate Congress, 
 and was Governor of Alabama from 1861 to 1863, 
 maintaining his authority over the State in spite of 
 the prevailing hostilities. He died in Eufaula, Ala- 
 bama, June 5, 1873. 
 
 Shoiver, Jacob. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Shulze, John Andrew. — Born in Tulpehocken, 
 Berks County, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1770 ; repre- 
 sented Lebanon County for several years in the State 
 Legislature ; and was Governor of that State from 
 1823 to 1829. Died iu Lancaster, November 18, 
 1852. 
 
 Shank, Francis B. — Born in Montgomery 
 County, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1788 ; became a 
 teacher at the age of fifteen ; in 1812 was appointed 
 Clerk in the Surveyor-General's Department, and at 
 the same time studied law ; assisted as a soldier iu 
 the defense of Baltimore in 1814 ; was first assistant, 
 then principal clerk for several years in the House of 
 Representatives of the State ; Secretary to the Board 
 of Canal Commissioners ; in 1838 Secretary of the 
 State ; afterward established himself for the practice 
 of law in Pittsburg ; and was Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1845 to 1848. Died in Harrisburg, July 
 30, 1848. 
 
 Sibley, Henry H. — He was bom in February, 
 1811, in Detroit, Michigan ; spent much of his early 
 life on the North-western frontier ; was for many 
 years an Indian Trader in the employ of the iVmerican 
 Fur Company, at Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ;, was ai 
 Delegate to Congress from Minnesota Territory from 
 1849 to 1853 ; and having witnesssed the progress of 
 Minnesota from a wilderness to an organized State, 
 he was elected, in 1857, its first Governor, serving a 
 part of 1858. He was a Brigadier-General of Volun- 
 teers during the Rebellion ; commanded an expedi- 
 tion against the Minnesota Indians in 1863, and was 
 subsequently brevetted a Major-General of Volun- 
 teers. He was also a Delegate to the Clfeveland 
 " Soldiers' Convention " of 1866 ; and in 1867 was ap- 
 pointed a visitor to the West Point Academy. He 
 was the son of Solomon Sibley. 
 
 Sibley, Jonas. — He was born in Sutton, Massa- 
 chussetts, March 17, 1762 ; for thirty-five years held 
 a variety of town offices ; from 1806 to 1823 was a 
 member of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was an 
 Elector for President in 1820 ; served again in both 
 Houses of the Legislature ; was a member of the 
 "State Constitutional Convention" of 1820 ; a mem- 
 
386 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ber of Congress from Worcester County, Massachu- 
 setts, from 1833 to 1835 ; and died at Sutton in that 
 State, February 10, 1834, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 Sibley, Murk II. — Bom in Great Barrington, 
 Massachusetts, in 1796, and removed to Canandaigua, 
 New York, in 1814. He studied law, and was distin- 
 guished as an advocate. He was a member of the 
 New Yorli Assembly in 1834 and 183.5 ; a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1837 to 1839 ; subsequently a 
 State Senator ; and in 1846 a County Judge. He died 
 in Canandaigua, New York, September 8, 1853. 
 
 Sibleji, Solomon. — He was born in Sutton, 
 Massachusetts, October 7, 1769 ; he studied law, and 
 removed to Ohio in 1795, establishing himself first at 
 Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of 
 his profession. He removed to Detroit, in 1797, and 
 in 1799 was elected to the first Territorial Legislature 
 of the North-western Territory. He was a Delegate 
 to Congress from the Territory of Michigan from 1830 
 to 1833 ; in 1834 he was appointed Judge of the 
 Supreme Court, and held the office until 1836, when 
 he resigned in consequence of increasing deafness. 
 He died at Detroit, April 4, 1846. He was universally 
 respected for his talents and manifold virtues. 
 
 Sickles, Daniel E. — He was born in New York, 
 in October, 1831 ; acquired the printer's trade, which 
 he followed for some years ; he studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1843 ; in 1847 he was elected 
 to the Assembly of New York, and in 1856 to the 
 State Senate. For a short time, when Mr. Buchanan 
 was the American Minister in England, he was the 
 Secretary of that Legation ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New York to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign 
 Aifairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress ; before the expiration of his first term, in Feb- 
 ruary, 1859, he killed Philip Barton Key, for "dis- 
 honoring his bed." His trial lasted twenty days, and 
 he was acquitted. He served in the Army during the 
 Rebellion, lost a leg in battle, and attained the rank 
 of Major-General of Volunteers. In 1866 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Johnson Minister Resident to 
 the Netherlands, but declined, and was subsequently 
 appointed a Colonel in the regular army, and in 1867 
 brevetted a Major-General for gallant and meritorious 
 services at Gettysburg. He was a Delegate to the 
 Chicago Convention of 1868 ; and in 1869 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Grant Minister to Spain. 
 
 Sickles, Nicholas.— Re was born in Kinder- 
 hook, New York ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1835 to 1837 ; and died" at Kingston, New York, 
 May 13, 1845. 
 
 Sitffreaves, Lorenzo. — He was a native of Penn- 
 sylvania; a Captain in the Unit?d States Army ; and 
 under instructions from the Government he made an 
 expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers an ac- 
 count of which was published in 1853. 
 
 Sill, Thomas II. — He was a native of Connecti- 
 cut ; a lawyer by profession ; and settled in the prac- 
 tice at Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1813. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Convention to revise the State Constitution ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania 
 from 1839 to 1831, having served in the same capacity 
 for an unexpired term in 1836. In 1835 and 1849 he 
 was also a Presidential Elector. 
 
 Silsbee, Nathaniel. — Born in Essex County, 
 Massachusetts, in 1773, and died at Salem, Ma.ssachu- 
 setts, July 1, 1850. He was a distinguished and 
 successful merchant, and frequently elected to the 
 State Legislature, and was for three years President 
 of tba State Senate ; he served as a Representative in 
 
 Congress from 1816 to 1830 ; and was a Senator of 
 the United States from 1836 to 1835 ; also a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1837. He was the firm supporter 
 of the administration of John Quincy Adams, and 
 when his term expired, Mr. Silsbee offered to vacate 
 his seat in the Senate in his favor, but the ex-Presi 
 dent declined the proposal. 
 
 Silvester, Peter, — He was born in New York ; 
 was a member of the Albany Committee of Safety in 
 1774, and of the New York Provincial Congress ; was 
 a Judge of the Common Pleas in 1776 ; and elected a 
 member of the First Congress under the Federal Con- 
 stitution. He was subsequently a State Senator, and 
 died at Kinderhook, January 30, 1845. 
 
 Silvester, Peter H. — He was bom at Kinder 
 hook, Columbia County, New York, February 17, 
 1807 ; graduated at Union College in 1837 ; studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; and he 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 Simkins, Elflred. — He was born in Edgefield 
 District, South Carolina, August 89, 1779 ; was edu- 
 cated for tlie bar at Litchfield, Connecticut ; was 
 partner of Mr. McDuffie ; served frequently in the 
 Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Governor of South Car- 
 olina in 1813 ; a General of Militia ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from South Carolina from 
 1817 to 1831. Died at Edgefield in 1833. 
 
 Simtnons, Qeorrje A. — He was bom in New 
 
 Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1816, 
 served a number of years in the Assembly of that 
 State ; and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses 
 from that State. In 1853 he received from his Alma 
 Mater the degree of LL.D., and died October 37, 1857, 
 aged sixty-six years, at KeesWlle, New York. 
 
 Simmons,, James F. — Born in Little Corapton, 
 Rhode Island, Sejitember 10, 1795. His employments 
 were farming and manufacturing ; he was a member 
 of the General Assembly from 1838 to 1841 ; elected 
 to the United States Senate in 1841, for six year.s, to 
 March 4, 1847 ; again chosen for another term, begin- 
 ning March 4, 1857, but resigned in August, 1863, 
 and served as a member of the Committees on Claims, 
 on Patents, and the Patent Office, and on Finance. 
 During the Thirty-seventh Congress he was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Patents. Died in Johnson, 
 Rhode Island, July 10, 1864. 
 
 Simms, William E. — Born in Kentuclcy ; and 
 elected a Representative from tliat State to tlie 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 the Militia. 
 
 Simons, Samuel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845 : and 
 died in Bridgeport, Connecticut, January, 13, 1847. 
 aged fifty-five years. 
 
 Simonton, William. — He was a member of 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843 ; and 
 died at South Hanover, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1840. 
 
 Simpson, 'Tosiah, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania; received a good education, and adopted the 
 profession of law, and in 1813 he was appointed by 
 President Madison United States Judge for the Ter- 
 ritory of Mississippi. 
 
 Simpson, liichard F. — He was born in South 
 Carolina ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1843 to 1847. He graduated at the Univer.sity of 
 South Carolina iu 1816 ; adopted the profession of 
 
IIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 387 
 
 law ; and before entering Congress had been a mem- 
 ber of the Senate of his native State. 
 
 Sims, Alexander D. — He was born in Bruns- 
 wick County, Virginia, June 12, 1803 ; and died at 
 KingRtree, South Carolina, November 16. 1848. He 
 went through a cour.se of studies at Chapel Hill, 
 North Carolina, and finished his education at Union 
 College, New York. He read and practiced law in 
 Virginia; and, removing to South Carolina, taught 
 an academy at Darlington Court House. In 1829 he 
 commenced the practice of law in South Carolina, and 
 became a prominent member of the bar in that State. 
 He had a taste for politics, and during the Nullifica- 
 tion times was active and decided ; and he was a 
 member of Congress from South Carolina from 184.5 
 to 1848. He also served in the State Legislature in 
 1840 and 1842. 
 
 Sims, Leonard H. — Born in North Carolina; 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Missouri from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Sinclair, Charles E. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and appointed an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for the Territory of Utah. 
 
 Sittglefon, Ofho J?.— Born in Jessamine County, 
 Kentucky; graduated at St. Joseph College, Bards- 
 town, Kentucky, and adopted the law as a profes- 
 sion ; he was two years in the lower house of the 
 Mississippi Legislature ; six years in the State Senate; 
 a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elected a 
 Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the same 
 State, serving as a member of the Joint Committee on 
 Printing. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. 
 Joined the great Rebellion in 1861. In 1875 he was 
 re-elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Sinfflefon, Thomas D, — He was elected to 
 Congress from South Carolina in 1833, and, while on 
 his way to Washington to take his seat in December, 
 he died at Raleigh, North Carolina. 
 
 Sinnicksoti, Clement jr.— Born in Salem, New 
 Jersey, September 16, 1834 ; educated at Union Col- 
 lege, New York, and graduated there in 1855 ; studied 
 law at Trenton, and was admitted to the bar in 1858 ; 
 began to practice in Salem ; in 1861 raised a Company 
 of Volunteers, and enlisted as Captain in the Fourth 
 Regiment for three months' service, after which he 
 resumed the practice of law in Salem ; in 1874 was 
 elected a Representative from New Jersey to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Sinnickson, Thomas.— Bom in Salem County, 
 New Jersey, in 1745 ; received a classical education, and 
 was bred a merchant. He served in the Revolutionary 
 War at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in the 
 capacity of Captain ; was for many years a mem- 
 ber of the Council and Assembly of New Jersey, and 
 the Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; 
 he was a Correspondent of the Committee of Safety 
 during the Revolution ; and a Representative in the 
 First Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, 
 from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1797 to 1799 ; was 
 Presidential elector in 1801 ; and was one of those 
 who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac. Died in Salem, May 15, 1817. 
 
 Sintlickson, Tliomas.— Bom in Salem, New 
 Jersey, December 13. 178G ; received a common-school 
 education ; commenced active life as a merchant ; was 
 a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for twenty 
 years ; a member of the New Jersey Legislature ; 
 
 Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals ; and a 
 Representative in Congress during the years 1828 and 
 1829. 
 
 Sifffreaves, Charles.— He was bom in Easton, 
 Pennsylvania, April 22, 1803 ; received a liberal ed- 
 ucation ; adopted the profession of law, and settled 
 in New Jersey ; was Major-Commandant in the State 
 military service from 1828 to 1838 ; member of the 
 New Jersey Assembly in 1831 and 1833 ; was a mem- 
 ber in 1834 of the Legislative Council ; member and 
 President of the same in 1835 ; member of the State 
 Senate from 1852 to 1854 ; was made a Trustee of the 
 State Normal School in 1855, which he vacated in 
 1864, when he was elected a Representative from 
 New Jersey to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Military Affairs. Other offices 
 which he held were as follows : Mayor of Philips- 
 burg in 1861, declining a re-election ; President of the 
 Belvidere and Delaware Railroad Company, and Presi- 
 dent of the Bank at Philipsburg. He was also one of 
 the Representatives designated by the House to at- 
 tend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Military Affairs. 
 
 Sifgreares, tTohn, — He was an officer in the war 
 of the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from North Carolina from 1784 to 1785 ; in 
 1790 he was appointed Attorney-General for that 
 State, and soon afterwards was appointed Judge of 
 the United States District Court for the District of 
 North Carolina. Died at Halifax, in March, 1801. 
 
 Sifgreares, Samuel. — He was born in Phila- 
 delphia ; liberallj' educated ; studied law and settled 
 in Easton, Pennsylvania; was a member in 1790 of 
 the "Constitutional Convention" of that State ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 
 1795 to 1798 ; and was then appointed by President 
 Adams Commissioner to treat with Great Britain. 
 Died April 4, 1824. 
 
 SI, elf on, Charles. — Born in Pennsylvania ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey 
 from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Skinner, John S. — He was born in Maryland ; 
 and in 1841 he was appointed Third Assistant Post- 
 master-General, holding the position until 1845. 
 
 Skinner, liiehard. — He was born in Litchfield, 
 Connecticut, May 30, 1788 ; and received his educa- 
 tion at the celebrated law school of his native town ; 
 he was admitted to the bar in 1800 ; and removed to 
 Manchester, Vermont. In 1801 he was appointed 
 State's Attorney for Bennington County, and in 1809 
 Judge of Probate ; and was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; Judge of the Supreme 
 Court in 1816 ; and Chief Justice in 1817. In 1818 he 
 was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature, 
 and was Speaker. He was Governor in 1820, 1821, 
 and 1822 ; was reappointed Chief Justice in 1824, 
 and resigned in 1829. He died at Manchester, May 
 23, 1833, much respected for his public services and 
 private worth. He was President of the Northeast- 
 ern Branch of the American Education Society ; was 
 a member of the Board of Trustees of Middlebury Col- 
 lege, from which institution he received the degree of 
 LL.D. He was also interested in various local benev- 
 olent associations. 
 
 Skinner, St. ,Tohn B, L, — He was born in New 
 York, and was appointed from that State a Clerk in 
 the General Post-Office in Washington ; in 1861 he 
 was made Acting Assistant Postmaster-General, and 
 in 1866 he was appointed to that position, serving un- 
 til 1869. 
 
388 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 Skinner, TJiomson J,, Jr. — He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1796 
 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1S()4 ; and, having on 
 his first election succeeded T. Sedgewick, in 1804 he 
 was appointed by President JeSersou Commissioner 
 of Loans. 
 
 Slade, Charles. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Illinois from 1833 to 1834 ; and died in 
 July of the same year, on his return from Washing- 
 ton, in Knox County, Indiana, after an illness of only 
 twenty-four hours. 
 
 Slade, William.— Born in Cornwall, Vermont, 
 May 9, 1786 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 
 1807 ; and, having studied law, was admitted to the 
 bar in 1810. In 1813 he was a Presidential Elector. 
 From 1814 to 1816 he published and edited the Co- 
 lumbian Patriot, and at the same time kept a book- 
 store ; in 1815 he was elected Secretary of State, 
 which office he held eight years, during six of which 
 he officiated as Judge of the Addison County Court ; 
 and was subsequently State's Attorney for the same 
 county. From 1823' to 1839 he was' a Clerk in the 
 State Department at Washington. His service in 
 Congress, as a Representative from Vermont, was from 
 1831 to 1843. On his retirement from Congress, he 
 was elected Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme 
 Court of Vermont, which office he held oue year ; and 
 in 1844 he was chosen Governorof Vermont. He was 
 subsequently made Secretary of the National Board 
 of Popular Education, having for its object the fur- 
 nishing of the West with teachers from the East. 
 In 182-3 he published the '• Vermont State Papers ;" 
 in 1825 the 'Statutes of Vermont; "and in 1844 a 
 volume of " Vermont Reports." He died at Middle- 
 bury, Vermont, January 18, 1859. 
 
 Slater, James H. — He was born in Sangamon 
 County, Illinois, in 1826 ; received a limited educa- 
 tion ; studied law, and came to the bar ; was elected 
 to the Territorial Legislature of Oregon in 1857 and 
 1858, and to the first State Legislature ; was elected 
 in 1866 District Attorney for two years, and was 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Lands. 
 
 Slanghter, Gabriel. — Born in Virginia about 
 1767 ; was an early emigrant to Kentucky ; was a 
 successful farmer ; and was frequently a member of 
 the State Legislature. At the battle of Xew Orleans 
 be was chosen colonel .of a Kentucky regiment, and 
 received the thanks of the Legislature. He was 
 chosen Lieutenant-Governor ; and after the death of 
 Governor Madison, was Governor from 1816 to 1820. 
 He died in Mercer Countv, Kentuckv, September 19, 
 1830. 
 
 Slaymaker, Amos.— Via was born In the Lon- 
 don Lands, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 
 11, 1755; received a good common-school education; 
 served as a soldier in the Revolutionary army ; paid 
 much attention to farming, and officiated as a magis- 
 trate ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 
 Penn.sylvania, during a part of the Thirteenth Con- 
 gress, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of 
 James Whitehill. He" died in Salisbury, Lancaster 
 County, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1837. 
 
 Slemons, W. J".— Born in Weakly County, Ten- 
 nessee, March 15, 1830 ; received his education at 
 Bethel College : emigrated to Arkansas in 1852 ; 
 studied law, and practiced at Monticello, in that State, 
 until the breaking out of the civil war ; entered the 
 Southern army iu 1861, and remained until its close ; 
 rose from Lieutenant to Brigadier-General, and cora- 
 nianded a division ; after the war was District At- 
 
 torney, and elected a Representative to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress from Arkansas. 
 
 Slidell, John. — Born in New York about the 
 year 1793, and, on reaching the age of manhood, re- 
 moved to New Orleans, where he established himself 
 as a lawyer, and practiced his profession with success. 
 He was appointed, by President Jackson, United 
 States District Attorney ; was frequently elected to 
 the Legislature of Louisiana ; was a Representative 
 in Congress, from 1843 to 1845 ; while in Congress he 
 was appointed, by President Polk, Minister to Mexi- 
 co ; in 1853 he was elected to the United States 
 Senate for the unexpired term of Senator Soule, and 
 was re-elected for sis years, and was Cliainnan of the 
 Committee on the Condition of the Banks, and a 
 member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and 
 Foreign Relations. He withdrew, and became iden- 
 tified with the Rebellion of 1861. He went to France 
 as a Minister from the Rebel Government ; was cap- 
 tured by the San Jacinto, on his passage out ; im- 
 prisoned in Fort Warren, and after bejng released 
 took up his residence in Paris. Died iu London, Eng- 
 land, July 29, 1871. 
 
 Slingerland.Jo/in I. — He was bom in Albany 
 County, New York, March 1, 1804 ; received a good 
 common-school education ; and, as a business, has 
 devoted nearly his whole life to agricultural pursuits. 
 He was a member of the New York Legislature m 
 1843, and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1847 to 1849. Died in Albany, October 26, 
 1861. 
 
 Sloan, Andreir. — He was born in McDonough, 
 Georgia, June 10, 1845 ; educated at Marshall Col- 
 lege, Georgia, and Bethany College, West Mrginia ; 
 read law, and admitted to the bar in 1866 ; was elec- 
 ted, in 1866, Solicitor of Henry County, Georgia ; re- 
 moved to Savannah, and appointed Deputy Collector 
 of Customs ; was appointed United States District 
 Attorney, and held the position until 1872, acting at 
 the same time as Local Cotinsel for the United States 
 in regard to the cotton claims, and also under the 
 Mixed Commission on British and American claims ; 
 was elected in 1872 a Representative from Georgia 
 to the Forty-third Congress, and, after a contest, duly 
 admitted. 
 
 Sloan, A. Scoff. — Bom in Morrisville, Madison 
 County, New York, in 1820 ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; in 1847 was elected Clerk of Madison County ; 
 removed to Wisconsin in 1854 ; elected to the Wis- 
 consin Legislature in 1856 ; appointed a Circuit 
 Judge in 1858 ; and in 1860 was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Territories. 
 
 Sloan, Ithainnr C. — Bom in Madison County, 
 New York ; received a common -school education ; 
 adopted the professsion of law ; removed to Wis- 
 consin in 1854 ; in 1858 and 1860 he was chosen Dis- 
 trict Attorney of Rock County ; and in 1862 was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public 
 Lands, and also on that on Expenses in the War De- 
 partment. Re-elected to the 'Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Death of President 
 Lincoln, Claims, and Expenses of the War Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Sloan, James, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1803 to 1809 ; a resi- 
 dent of Gloucester County, and a member of the 
 Societv of Friends. Died in New Jersev, in Novem- 
 ber, 1811. 
 
 Sloane, John. — Born iu York, Peimsylvania, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 389 
 
 but removed to Ohio while yet a Territory. He was 
 elected a member of tlie General Assembly In 1804, 
 and in 1805 and 1806 was Spealier. He was a Re- 
 ceiver of Public Moneys at Canton from 1808 to 1816, 
 and afterwards at Wooster until 1819, when he was 
 elected to Congress as a Representative, continuing 
 a member until 1829. He was Clerk of the Common 
 Pleas for seven years, Secretary of State for three 
 years, and Treasurer of the United States under 
 President Fillmore. He was a Colonel of Militia 
 during the war of 1812, and died in Wooster, May 
 15, 1856. aged seventy-seven years. 
 
 Slofine, Jonathan. — He was bom in Massa- 
 chusetts, and, having settled in Ohio, was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1883 to 
 1837. t 
 
 Slocutn, Itenry W. — He was bom in New York, ^ 
 September 24, 1827 ; graduated at the West Point 
 Academy In 1852 ; on receiving tho appointment of ! 
 Second Lieutenant, he was assigned to duty in Flori- 
 da, where he spent about one year ; and from 1853 to 
 18.56, as a First Lieutenant, he was on duty at Fort 
 Moultrie, on leaving which he resigned his commis- 
 sion. Having paid some attention to the study of law, 
 he was engaged in its practice at Syracuse, from 1856 
 to 1861 ; in 1859 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and from 1859 to 1861, he was Instructor of 
 Artillery in tlie New York Militia. When the Rebel- 
 lion commenced he was chosen Colonel of the Twenty- 
 seventh Regimeni of New York Volunteers ; before 
 the close of 1861, was made Brigadier-General of 
 Volunteers ; and in 1862, he was appointed a Major- 
 General, and served with zeal and success until the 
 end of hostilities. He was present at the battles of 
 Manassas and Antietam, having been identified with 
 the Army of the Potomac, the march from the moun- 
 tains to the sea, and at the time of his resignation, in 
 September, 1865, he was in command of the Depart- 
 ment of Mississippi. In 1865, he was the Democratic 
 candidate for Secretary of State of New York, but 
 was defeated, after which he settled at Brooklyn, in 
 the practice of law ; and in 1868, he was chosen an 
 Elector, and elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Slocum, Jesse, — Was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1820, and 
 died in Washington, beforthe expiration of his term, 
 December 20, of the latter year. 
 
 Sloss, •Joseph IT. — He was bom in Somer\ille, 
 Morgan County, Alabama, October 12, 1826 ; received 
 an academic education ; studied law at Athens, Ten- 
 nessee ; settled in Edwardsville, Illinois, in 1849 ; 
 was a member of the Legislature in 1858 : in 1861, re- 
 turned to Alabama and joined the Confederate Army, 
 in which he served until the close of the war ; was 
 elected Mayor of Tuscumbia after the war, and con- 
 tinued in that office until 1870, when he was elected 
 to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv- 
 ing on tlie Committee on Revision of Laws, the Mili- 
 tia and Patents. 
 
 Sloitfjh, John P. — He was bom in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio ; was elected to the State Legislature, from 
 which he was expelled for striking a member in de- 
 bate ; in 1852 he was chosen Secretary of the Central 
 Democratic Committee ; soon after, went to Kansas, 
 and in 1860 to Denver City, Colorado ; on the breaking 
 out of tlie war for the Union, he served with credit 
 on the south-western frontiers ; was made a Briga- 
 dier-General, and Military Governor at Alexandria in 
 Virginia ; and at the close of the war he was ap- 
 pointed Chief Justice of the Territory of New Mexi- 
 co. A resolution was introduced in the Territorial 
 
 Legislature for his removal, and he sought a personal 
 encounter with the author of the resolution — a Sena- 
 tor, — and the result was his death, December 16, 
 1867. , , 
 
 --'.I ■■.*••. -.' ■. ^i . - 
 Small, William B. — He was Elected a Repre- 
 sentative from New ^M^t to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on th^ Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Smulfei/, David A. — He was bom in Middle- 
 bury, Addison County, Vermont, April 6, 1809 ; re- 
 ceived an academic education ; studied law and came 
 to the bar in Franklin County in 1831. in which 
 county he practiced his profession ; in 1842 he was 
 elected a State Senator, and declined a re-election ; in 
 1844 was admitted to the bar of the United States 
 Supreme Court ; was a Delegate to the " National 
 Democratic Convention held in Baltimore, in 1852, and 
 Vice-President ; in 1853 he was appointed Collector of 
 Customs for Vermont ; was also a Delegate to the Cin- 
 cinnati Convention of 1857 ; in that year he was ap- 
 pointed United States District Judge for Vermont, 
 and. on account of ill health. Congress, in 1875, 
 authorized him to resign for the residue of his time, 
 on full pay, but he had not availed himself of the 
 privilege accorded to him as late as the month of 
 April, 1875. 
 
 Smalls, liobert. — Bom in Beaufort. South Caro- 
 lina, April 5, 1839 ; received no education until the 
 close of the civil war ; lived at Beaufort until 1851, 
 when he went to Charleston and worked at the rig- 
 gers trade, and led a seafaring life along the coast of 
 South Carolina and Florida ; having acquired a know- 
 ledge of the bays and harbors of the coast, went on 
 board the Steamer Plnntcr in the Confederate service 
 in 1861, acting as pilot ; when tlie opportunity offered 
 he seized the boat and joined the United States fieet 
 outside the harbor ; he was then entered on the navy 
 list of the Federal service, and was subsequently 
 commissioned as Second Lieutenant of the Thirty- 
 third Regiment of colored troops, and performed 
 efficient service during the war on sea and land, for 
 which he Avas promoted to Captain ; returned to Beau- 
 fort after the war ; was a member of the Constitu- 
 tional Convention, and in 1868 was a member of the 
 House of Representatives of the State, and also filled 
 an unexpired term in the State Senate for two years ; 
 in 1872 was re-elected to that position ; was made 
 Brigadier-General and afterward Major General of 
 State troops, and in 1874 was elected a Representa- 
 tive from South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Smart, Ephraim K. — Bom at Prospect (now 
 Searsport), Maine, in 1813. He was thrown upon his 
 own resources to obtain means of education, which he 
 received at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. After the 
 study of law for three years, he was admitted to 
 the bar in Camden. He was appointed Postmaster in 
 1838, and in 1841 was elected State Senator. In 1842 
 he was Aid to the Governor, with the rank of Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel, and was re-elected to the Senate the 
 same year. In 1843 he went to Missouri, and prac- 
 ticed law,' as an Attorney and Counselor and Solicitor 
 in Chancery ; but returned to Camden, and was 
 again Postmaster in 1845. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maine, from 1847 to 1849. and from 
 1851 to 1853 ; from 1853 to 1858 he was Collector at 
 Belfast. In 1854 he established the Mnine Free Press, 
 and was its editor three years ; in 1858 he returned 
 to the practice of law in Camden, and in September 
 of that year was again elected to the Legislature. 
 
 Smart, James S. — He was born June 14, 1842, 
 in Baltimore. Maryland ; received a classical educa- 
 tion, at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania ; entered the 
 Army in 1864, as First-Lieutenant, Sixteenth New 
 
39U 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 York Heavy Artillery ; served in tlie Army until tlie 
 second Expedition to Fort Fisher ; was promoted to a 
 captaincy ; in 1865 took charge of the M'Mhington 
 County Post, published at Cambridge ; and was elect- 
 ed to the Forty-third Congress from New York, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Smelt, Dennis. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Georgia, from 1806 to 1811. 
 
 Sniifie, 'John. — He was born in Ireland, but emi- 
 grated to this country when young ; held many civil 
 and military positions during the Revolution ; served 
 in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, his adopted State, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania, from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1799 to 1813. 
 In 1797 he was a Presidential Elector. Died in 
 Washington, December 30, 1813, aged seventy-six 
 years. ' 
 
 Sni,if?l, Albert. — Born in Hanover, Plymouth 
 County, Massachusetts, January 8, 1793 ; graduated 
 at Brown University in 1813 : admitted to the bar in 
 1816 ; removed to Maine in 1817 ; and was sent to the 
 General Court of Massachusetts in 1820 ; was for 
 many years a Postmaster in Maine ; from 1830 to 1838 
 he was Marshal of the United States for Maine ; was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841 ; and 
 in 18-13 he was appointed the United States Commis- 
 sioner to settle the North-eastern Boundary, under 
 the Ashburton Treaty, which business was completed 
 in 1847. Died in Boston, May 39, 1867. 
 
 Smith, Albert. — He was born in New York, and 
 was a member of the New York Assembly, from 
 Genesee County, in 1843, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Smith, AlcocJt C. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and removed to Washington Territory, from which he 
 was appointed a Justice of the United States Court 
 for the Territory of Idaho. 
 
 Smith, Arthur. — Bom in the County of Isle of 
 Wight, Virginia, November 15, 1785 ; was educated 
 at the College of William and Mary ; served with 
 credit at the head of a Militia force at Norfolk, in 
 1813 ; was a member of the Privy Council of Virgin- 
 ia, and subsequently a member of the State Legisla- 
 ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1831 
 to 1835. He was a lawyer by profession, but never 
 practiced. Died iu Virginia, March 30, 1853. 
 
 Smith, liallard. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, from 1815 to 1831. 
 
 Smith, Benjamin, — He was a resident of 
 Brunswick County, North Carolina ; member of the 
 State Legislature in 1793 ; a General of Militia ; and 
 Governor of the State from 1810 to 1811. His life 
 was one of many difHculties ; was engaged in many 
 duels ; but is kindly remembered because of his do- 
 nation of twenty thousand acres of land to the State 
 University in 1789. 
 
 Smith, Bernard. — Born in Morristown, New 
 Jersey ; held an office in Washington for a time, and 
 was sent as a Special Bearer of Dispatches to Europe ; 
 was subsequently Collector and Postmaster of New 
 Brunswick ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New Jersey, from 181!) to 1831 ; and during the latter 
 year he was appointed Register of the Laud Office in 
 Arkansas, which office he held until his death, which 
 occuri'ed at Little Rock, July, 16, 1835, aged fifty- 
 nine years. During his residence in Arkansas he 
 served the Government as an Indian Agent. 
 
 Smith, Boa rd man H, — He was born in Whit 
 
 ingliam, Vermont, August 18, 1826 ; graduated at 
 Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1847 ; studied 
 law, and settled in New York ; was appointed Judge 
 of the Chemung County Courts in 1859, and elected 
 to the same olfice in that year ; was elected to the 
 Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on 
 several Committees, and as Chairman of that on Elec- 
 tions. 
 
 Smith, Caleb B. — He was born in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, April 16, 1808 ; emigrated with his 
 parents to Ohio in 1814 ; and was educated at the Cin- 
 cinnati College and Miami University ; adopted the 
 profession of law, and settled in Indiana ; in 1832 he 
 established and edited a Whig journal called the 
 Indiana Sentinel ; in 1833 he was elected a member of 
 the Legislature ; re-elected in 1834, 1835, and 1836, 
 during the latter year officiating as Speaker ; in 1847 
 and 1848 he was a member of the Board of Fund 
 Commissioners ; and he was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Indiana, from 1843 to 1849. He was also 
 a Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1856 ; and after 
 leaving Congress, in 1849, he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Taylor, one of the members of the Board for In- 
 vestigating the Claims of American citizens against 
 Mexico. He subsequently practiced his profession in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio ; and in 1861 was appointed Secre- 
 tary of the Interior Department, by President Lincoln; 
 He was also a member of the " Peace Congress " held 
 in Washington in February, 1861. In December, 
 1863, he resigned the office of Secretary, and was ap- 
 pointed Judge of the United States District Court for 
 the District of Indiana. Died January 8, 1864. 
 
 Smith, Daniel. — He was one of the earliest 
 emigrants to Tennessee ; a General of Militia ; and a 
 Senator in Congress from Tennessee, during the year 
 1798, when he was superseded bv J. Anderson, and 
 again from 1805 to 1809. He died in July, 1818. 
 
 Smith, Delazon. — Was born in New Berlin, 
 Chenango County, New York ; graduated at the 
 Oberlin Collegiate Institute, of Ohio, in 1837 ; he 
 studied law, but becoming a writer for the press, was 
 associated with the Rochester True Jeffersoniein, 
 in New -York, and the Western Empire, in Day- 
 ton, Ohio ; he was appointed by President Tyler, 
 Special Commissioner to Quito ; in 1846 he removed 
 to Iowa Territory, where he remained until 1853, 
 when he emigrated to Oregon Territory ; in 1854 he 
 was elected to the Assembly of Oregon, and re-elect- 
 ed in 1855 and 1856 ; he was a member of the Con- 
 vention in 1857 which formed a State Constitution ; 
 and in July, 1858, he was chosen one of the Senators 
 in Congress for the prospective State, and took his 
 seat as such in February, 1859. Died in Portland, 
 Oregon, November 17, 1860. 
 
 Smith, Edward Henri/. — He was bom at 
 
 Smithtown, Long Island, in 1809 ; received a good 
 common-school education ; was bred a farmer, to 
 which occupation he has devoted his whole life ; and 
 in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the 
 Post-Office Department. 
 
 Smith. Edirnrd F. — He was bom in South 
 Britain, Connecticut, June 3. 1837 ; entered Dart- 
 mouth College, but graduated from Yale College in 
 1849, and from Andover Theological Seminary in 
 1855 ; in 1856 he was settled over a church in Pep- 
 perell, Massachusetts ; in 1863 he was a Delegate 
 under the Christian Commission ; was soon made 
 Field Agent for the Army of the West, and then of 
 the East ; also acted as Secretary of the Commission 
 at Philadelphia ; after the war he entered the ser- 
 vice of the American Missionary Association, and aided 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 391 
 
 in establishing schools for Freedmen ; in 1871 he was 
 appointed an Indian Agent among the Chippewas in 
 Minnesota ; and in ISTi! he Avas appointed Commis- 
 sioner of Indian AiTairs, without any previous liuowl- 
 edge as to tlie intentions of the Government. In De- 
 comber, 1875, he was appointed President of Howard 
 University. 
 
 SmitJl, Edivin B. — He was born in Maine, 
 about the year 1835 ; graduated at Bowdoin College 
 in 1852 ; studied law, and, on coming to the bar, set- 
 tled in Saco, where he practiced his profession with 
 success. He frequently served in the State Legisla- 
 ture, and was chosen Speaker in 1871 ; was subse- 
 quently the Official Reporter of the Supreme Court ; 
 and in August, 1875, he was appointed First Assistant 
 in the office of the United States Attorney- General. 
 
 Smith, Francis O. J. — He was bom in Massa- 
 chusetts ; bred to the law ; was elected to the As- 
 sembly of Maine in 1831 ; was President of the State 
 Senate in 1833 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maine from 1833 to 1839. Of late years 
 he has been much interested in telegraph and rail- 
 road enterprises. 
 
 Siliifh, Frederick. — He was a prominent Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and died at 
 Reading in that State, October 6," 1830. 
 
 Smith, Georrje. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1813. 
 
 Smith, George L. — He was born in Hillsbor- 
 ough County, New Hampshire, December 11, 1840 ; 
 received a collegiate education ; served in the Army ; 
 settled in Louisiana at the close of the war and en- 
 gaged in mercantile business ; was elected a member 
 of the Assembly in 1870, and 1873 ; was proprietor 
 of the Shrevcport Southwestern Telegram; President 
 of a Savings Bank and Trust Company ; and elected 
 to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Smith, Georf/e IViUiam. — 'Was chosen Gover- 
 nor of Virginia from 1811 to 1813 ; but lost his life 
 at the burning of the Richmond Theater, December 
 26, 1811. 
 
 Smith, Gerrit, — Bom in New York, and was a 
 Representative in Congress fi^om that State from 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Smith, Green Clnif. — Bom in Richmond, Ken 
 tucky, July 3, 1830 ; graduated at Transylvania Uni- 
 versity in 1849, and in the Law Department of the 
 same institution in 1853 ; was a School Commissioner 
 from 1853 to 1857, establishing a great number of 
 schools ; served as second Lieutenant in the Mexican 
 war ; after the breaking out of the Rebellion, in 
 1861, he had command of the Fourth Kentucky Cav- 
 alry ; and was elected to the State Legislature' ; was 
 appointed a Brigadier-General in 1863, and subse- 
 quently promoted to the rank of Major-General ; was 
 present at the battle of Ball's Bluff and about iifty 
 other engagements ; and in 1863 he was elected a 
 Representative from Kentucky, to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, 
 and on the Militia. His commission as General he 
 resigned December 1, 1863. He was a Delegate 
 to the " Baltimore Convention" of 1864. His father, 
 John Speed Smith, was also in Congress. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and 
 Public Expenditures, as Chairman of the Committee 
 on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee 
 on Debts of the Loyal States. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the National Committee appointed to accom- 
 
 pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. In 
 1866 ; while still in Congress, he was appointed Gov- 
 ernor of Montana, by President Johnson, and subse- 
 quently he became a preacher in the Baptist Church. 
 
 Smith, Henri/. — He was elected Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Rhode Island, and from 1805 to 1806 ho 
 acted as Governor of the State. 
 
 Smith, If err A. — He was bom in Manor Town- 
 ship, Lancaster County, March 7, 1815 ; graduated at 
 Dickinson College in 1840 ; studied law in Lancaster, 
 and admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was elected to the 
 House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1843 and 
 1844 ; in 1845 was elected to the State Senate ; and 
 elected to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on War Claims. 
 
 Smith, Isaac. — He was a graduate of Princeton 
 College in 1755 and a tutor in that Institution ; a Rep- 
 resentative in Cougress from New Jersey from 1795 
 to 1797 ; was appointed by President Washington in 
 in the latter year a Commissioner to treat with the 
 Seneca Indians; and was a Judge of the Superior 
 Court of New Jersey. He died in 1807. 
 
 Smith, Isaac. — He was a native of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and a Representative in Congress from that Stat« 
 from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Smith, Israel. — Bom in Connecticut, April 4, 
 1759. He graduated at Yale College in 1781 ; studied 
 law, and settled at Rupert, Vermont. He subse- 
 quently settled at Rutland, and was sent the State 
 Legislature from that town. He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1791 to 1797, again in 1800, 
 and a Senator in Congress during the years 1801 and 
 1803, and from 1803 to 1807, when he 'resigned. He 
 was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and also ap- 
 pointed Cliief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1797, 
 and was Governor of Vermont in 1807. He died De- 
 cember 2, 1810. 
 
 Smit?i, James, — He was born in Ireland in 1713, 
 but came to America when a boy ; he received a clas- 
 sical education and studied law in Lancaster, Penn- 
 sylvania; became interested in iron-works and emi- 
 nent in his profession ; on the approach of war he 
 took an active part in public affairs ; he raised a com- 
 pany and commanded it in the field, and was made 
 a Colonel ; also took an active part in raising addi- 
 tional troops. He was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1776 to 1778 ; a signer of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence ; in 1780 he entered the State 
 Legislature, and after retiring from that office he de- 
 voted his whole attention to the practice of his pro- 
 fession. Died July 11, 1806. 
 
 Smith, James Milton, — He was elected 
 Governor of Georgia in 1872, for the term ending in 
 
 1877. 
 
 Smith, James S. — He was born in Orange 
 County, North Carolina, and was educated for the 
 medical profession; served in the Legislature of 
 North Carolina in 1821 ; and was a Representative in 
 Cougress from that State from 1817 to 1831. 
 
 Smith, James Y. — Born at Groton, Connecti- 
 cut. September 15, 1809; at the age of seventeen, he 
 removed to Providence, and engaged in the lumber 
 business. In 1838 was a cotton manufacturer at 
 Williraantic, Connecticut, and at Woonsocket, Rhode 
 Island ; afterward a member of the Legislature of 
 Rhode Island ; for several years Mayor of Providence, 
 in 1855 and 1857 ; and Governor from 1863 to 1865 ; 
 and was a supporter of the Union Cause, and con- 
 
392 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tributed from liis owii wealth, in aid of tlie soldiers 
 and tliuir families during the war. 
 
 SiHifli, •Tededlah J€. — He was a Representative 
 inf^ongress from Mew Hampshire from 1807 to 1809 ; 
 and from 1822 to 1825 he held the office of Judge and 
 Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Hills- 
 borough County from 1810 to 1814; he was also a 
 State Councilor : and died in 1838, aged fifty-eiglit 
 years. 
 
 Smith, tTeremiah. — Born in Peterborough, 
 
 New Hampshire, and graduattd at Rutgers College, 
 New Jersey, in 1780, and also received, from Harvard 
 College, the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, in 
 1791, and continued there till 1797, being one of the 
 last survivors of the distinguished men who partici- 
 pated with Washington in the administration of the 
 Government. He was appointed, by John Adams, in 
 1801, a Judge of the United States Circuit Court, but 
 did not serve, as the office was soon afterwards 
 abolished by Congress. He was chosen Governor of 
 New Hamp.shire in 1809 ; served as a Pre.-;ideutial 
 Elector in 1809, and was for several years Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Superior Court of the State. His extra- 
 ordinary mental endowments not only remained un- 
 impaired, but even shone forth brightest when he 
 was near the close of his long life. Few persons 
 have been more widely known as statesmen and 
 jurists, or have left behind them a more enduring 
 reputation. His acquaintance with books was exten- 
 sive, and his literary taste remarkably correct and 
 pure. He was highly esteemed, not only as a lawyer 
 and judge, but for his eminent social qualifications, 
 and for all the attributes of a great and good man. 
 He was a devoted friend of Daniel Webster, and died 
 at Dover, New Hampshire, September 21, 1843. 
 
 Smith, John, — He was a General of Militia in 
 New York ; a member of the State Legislature from 
 1784 to 1799 ; was a member of the Convention which 
 adojited the Constitution ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1799 to 1804, when he 
 resigned ; from 1804 to 1813 he was a Senator in Con- 
 gress ; and was appointed in the latter year, by Presi- 
 dent Madison, United States Marshal for New York. 
 He died in 1816. 
 
 Smith, John. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1801 to 1815. 
 
 Smith, John. — He was born in 173.5 ; was a 
 Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1803 to 1808, 
 when he resigned. Died in July, 1816. He was a 
 warm personal friend of Aaron Burr, and though for 
 a time suspected, he was in reality innocent of trea- 
 sonable designs. 
 
 Smith, John, — He was born at Barre, Massachu- 
 setts, in August, 1789 ; received a limited education, 
 and removed in early life to St. Albans. Vermont, 
 where he was admitted to practice as a lawyer in 1810. 
 He represented St. Albans in the Legislature for nine 
 successive years, and was elected State's Attorney of 
 Franklin County in 182G, and served six years. In 
 1831, 1833, and 1833, he was Speaker in the General 
 Assembly. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Vermont from 1839 to 1841, after which he re- 
 sumed the practice of his profession. In 1846 he be- 
 came enlisted in important railroad projects, and was 
 Bo engaged at the time of his sudden death, which 
 occurred at St. Albans, November 26, 1858. He re- 
 ceived the degree of A.M. from Middlebury College 
 and the University of Vermont. 
 
 Smith, John A.—^e was born in Hillsborough, 
 Ohio, September 23, 1814 ; graduated at the Miami 
 
 University ; studied and practiced law ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Ohio Legislature in 1841 and 1842 ; a mem- 
 ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1851 ; 
 and elected to the Forty-first and Fort^'-second Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 
 Smith, John Ambler. — He was born near 
 Dinwiddie Court-House Virginia, September 23, 
 1847 ; educated at a high school ; studied law, and 
 admitted to the bar in 1807 ; was appointed in 1868 
 Commissioner in Chancery of the courts of Rich- 
 mond, and was State Attorney of Charles City and 
 New Kent Counties for one year ; elected to the State 
 Senate in 1869, and was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, and 
 Railroads and Canals. 
 
 Smith, John li. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Smith, John Cotton, — He was born in Sliaron, 
 Connecticut, February 12, 1765, and graduated at 
 Yale College in 1783. He studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in Litchfield County, in 1786. He 
 was a member of the General Assembly in 1793, and 
 from 1796 to 1800 was a member of the lower house, 
 and in 1799 was elected Speaker. He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Connecticut from 1800 
 to 1806, when he resigned ; was a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1809 ; and was again a member of the Legisla- 
 ture until 1809, when he was chosen a member of the 
 Council. He also held the several offices of Gover- 
 nor of Connecticut from 1813 to 1817, Lieutenant- 
 Governor, and Judse of the Superior Court. He re- 
 ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College ; was a 
 member of the Northern Society of Antiquaries in 
 Copenhagen ; also of the Connecticut Historical So- 
 ciety, and of various religious associations. He died 
 at Sharon, Connecticut, November 7, 1843, and had 
 devoted the latter years of his life to agricultural 
 and literary pursuits. 
 
 Smith, John Cotton. — He was a citizen of Con- 
 necticut, and in 1858 he was appointed Minister Resi- 
 dent to Bolivia ; recalled in 1861. 
 
 Smith, John Gregory. — Born at St. Albans, 
 Vermont, July 23, 1818 ; graduated at the University 
 of Vermont in 1838 ; and at the New Haven Law 
 School ; began to practice law with his brother John, 
 in 1838 ; and at his death succeeded him as Chancel- 
 lor in 1858. He was active in railroad interests, and 
 made President of the North Pacific Railroad in 1866; 
 was a member of the State Senate in 1858 and 1859 ; 
 Representative from 1860 to 1862, and Speaker in 
 1862, was Governor of Vermont from 1863 to 1805 ; 
 and was an active supporter of the Union Cause 
 during the civil war. 
 
 Smith, John Q, — He was born in Warren 
 County, Ohio, November .5, 1824 ; educated at the 
 common schools ; was a farmer ; a member of the 
 State Senate in 1860 and 1872 ; a member of the 
 Slate House of Representatives in 1863 and 1863 ; 
 and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Claims. In December, 1875, he 
 was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 
 
 Smith, John Sjieed. — Was born in Jessamine 
 County, Kentucky, July 31, 1792 ; served as a soldier 
 under General Harrison, and was at the battle of 
 Tippecanoe ; was Aid-decamp to the same General at 
 the battle of the Thames, in 1813. In 1819 he was 
 elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1821 
 to 1823. \n 1827 he was again elected to the State 
 Legislature, and made Speaker of the House ; and 
 subsequently served several terms both in the House 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 393 
 
 and Senate. By President Jaclison he was appointed 
 United States Attorney I'or tlie District of Kentucky ; 
 was at one time a Commissioner to the Legislature of 
 Ohio, on a mission of local interest ; and also Superin- 
 tendent of Public AVorks in Kentucky, for several 
 years. Died iu Madison County, June 6, 1854. 
 
 Smith, fTohii T. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 184.5, and a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Expenditures iu the State Department. 
 
 Smith, Jonathan B. — He graduated al Prince- 
 ton Colleire in 1760 ; was a Delegate from Pennsylva- 
 via to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778, 
 and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. 
 
 Smith, Joseph L. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; was well educated and adopted the profession 
 of law ; and having become a resident of Florida, he 
 was appointed United States Judge for that Territory, 
 serving as such until 1833. 
 
 Smith, Joseph S. — Born iu Fayette County, 
 Pennsylvania, June 20, 1834 ; received a common- 
 school education ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 removed to Oregon, and then to Washington Territory, 
 and was made a prosecuting attorney ; was elected to 
 the Territorial Legislature, and made Speaker in 
 1856 or 18.57 ; was for two years United States Dis- 
 trict Attorney for the Territory, but resigned, and re- 
 turned to Oregon ; was interested in the first woolen 
 mill erected on the Pacific slope which was eminently 
 successful; in 1867 he retired from business and 
 visited Europe ; and on his return he was elected a 
 Representative from Oregon to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Post-Otfices and 
 Post-Roads, and Revolutionary Pensions. In 1864 
 he was nominated for a seat on the Supreme Bench 
 of the State but declined. 
 
 Smith, Josiah, — He was born at Pembroke, 
 Massachusetts, in 1745 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1774 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts from 1801 to 1803. On his return 
 from Washington in March, 1803, he took the small- 
 pox in New York, and died at home before the close 
 of the month. 
 
 Smith, Melancthon. — He was a Delegate from 
 New York to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 
 1788. 
 
 Smith, Merriwether. — Born in Essex County, 
 Virginia ; was long a member of the House of Bur- 
 gesses; a member of all the Virginia Conventions in 
 1775 and 1776; was a member of tRe Federal Con 
 ventiou of Virginia ; and a Delegate to the Continen- 
 tal Congress from 1778 to 1783. 
 
 Smith, Nathan. — He was born at Roxbury, 
 Connecticut, in 1770; received his professional edu- 
 cation at the Law School in Litchfield ; was a member 
 of the Convention that formed the State Constitution; 
 for many years State's Attorney for the County of 
 New Haven ; frequently in the State Legislature, 
 and for several years United States Attorney for the 
 District of Connecticut. He was also a Delegate to 
 the " Hartford Convention" in 1814. He represented 
 his native State in the Senate of the United States 
 from 1833 to 1835. He was long known as an emi- 
 nent lawyer, respected for his integrity and ability. 
 He died at Washington, District of Columbia, Decem- 
 ber 6, 1836. 
 
 Stnifh, Nathaniel, — He was born in Woodbury, 
 Connecticut, January 6, 1763. His education was 
 limited, but he obtained distinction by the energy of 
 
 his talents. He studied law, and settled in practice 
 in his native town in 1789. He was for many years 
 a member of the State Legislature, having served in 
 both houses. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from Connecticut from 1795 to 1779. In 1706 he was 
 elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and 
 held the office until 1819. His legal knowledge was 
 extensive, and he was greatly esteemed for his 
 integrity and piety. He died March 9, 1822. 
 
 Sniitli, Oliver Hampton, — He was horn near 
 Trenton, New Jersey, October 23, 1794, and died at 
 Indianapolis, Indiana, Marcli 19, 1849, having, from 
 1817, during the balance of his life, been honorably 
 identified with the public history of that State. He 
 studied law, and in 1834 he was Prosecuting Attorney 
 for the Third District of Indiana. He was elected to 
 the State Legislature in 1823 ; was a Representative 
 in Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839 ; and a 
 Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1848. He was the 
 author of a work giving liis "Recollections of Con- 
 gressional Life," originally published in the Indian- 
 apolis Journal. When in tlxe Senate he was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Public Lands, and he 
 subsequently devoted much attention to the internal 
 affairs of his adopted State. 
 
 Smith, Ferry. — Born in Washington, Connecti- 
 cut ; attended the Litchfield Law School, and settled 
 in New Milford in 1807. He was a State Representa- 
 tive for four years. Judge of Probate for two years, 
 and a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1843. He 
 died in New Milford in 1853. 
 
 Smith, liiehard. — He was a Delegate from 
 New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 
 1776. 
 
 Smith, liobert, — He was horn in 1757; served 
 as a volunteer in the Revolutionary war, and was 
 present at the battle of Brandywiue ; served as a 
 member of the Maryland Legislature ; was Secretary 
 of the Navy from 1803 to 1805, in President Jeffer- 
 son's Cabinet ; Secretary of the Navy under President 
 Madison, which office he resigned, and retired to 
 private life. He died in Baltimore, November 26, 
 1842. 
 
 Smith, Robert, — Bom in Petersborough, New 
 Hampshire, June 12, 1803, and received a limited 
 education. He was a farmer by occu])ation until he 
 attained his twentieth year, but subsequently en- 
 gaged in manufacturing and merchandising. Re- 
 moving to Illinois in 1832, he served in the Illinois 
 Legislature from 1836 to 1840 ; was Enrolling and 
 Engrossing Clerk of the House of Rejiresentatives of 
 Illinois from 1840 to 1843, and was then elected to 
 Congress, and served till March 4, 1849, and was re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chairman 
 of the Committee on Mileage. He subsequently took 
 an active part in organizing the railroads in his 
 adopted State. Died at Alton, Illinois, December, 
 1867. 
 
 Smith, Samuel. — He was born in Lancaster 
 County, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1753. He was a dis- 
 tinguished merchant of Baltimore, and contributed 
 largely to the advancement of that city, of which he 
 was once Mayor. He rose from the rank of Captain 
 to that of Brigadier-General in the Revolutionary 
 war. In 1776 he was a member of the Convention 
 for framing the Constitution of Maryland ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1793 to 1803, and again from 1816 to 1833 ; and a 
 Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1815, and again from 
 1832 to 1833, serving as Chaii-man of the Committee 
 on Finance. During a part of the Ninth and Tenth 
 Congresses, he officiated as President pro tern, of the 
 
39i 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Senate. 
 1839. 
 
 He died suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25, 
 
 Smith, SdDinel, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1806 to 1809. 
 
 Smith, Samuel, — Born in 1767, in Peterbor- 
 ough, New Hampshire ; held many public positions ; 
 was for many years a manufacturer of paper ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 181U 
 to 1815. He died in 1843. 
 
 Smitli, SamuelA. — He was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from Bucks 
 County, Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 183i5, serving, 
 during his second term, on the Committee on Agri- 
 culture. 
 
 Smith, Samuel A. — He was born in Monroe 
 County, Tennessee, June 26, 1823. He lost his father 
 when quite young, and, with limited opportunities 
 for attending school, spent the most of his time on a 
 farm until he became of age. At that time he began 
 to attend school in earnest, and at the end of three 
 months he became a teacher, and for two years al- 
 ternately attended and taught school in his native 
 county. He also taught school, for a wliile, during 
 ten months that he studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1845. During that year he was elected 
 Attorney-Genera! for the Third Judicial District of 
 Tenne.ssee, which office he held until 1848. He was 
 a Delegate to the "National Convention" of that 
 year held at Baltimore, and was soon afterwards 
 elected a Presidential Elector, and was again chosen 
 a Presidential Elector in 1853. In 1850 he took a 
 deep interest in the affairs of the East Tennessee and 
 Georgia Railroad ; and was elected a Representative 
 from Tennessee to the Thirty-third Congress, and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, and was Chairman of the Joint Committee on 
 Printing. In 1859 he was appointed by President 
 Buchanan Commissioner of the General Land OiBce, 
 and resigned in February, 1860. 
 
 Smith, Samuel Emerson. — Born in Hollis, 
 New Hampshire, March 12, 1788 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1808 ; he studied law ; was admit- 
 ted to the bar in Boston, and settled in Wiscasset, 
 Maine, in 1812 ; he was a Representative in the Leg- 
 islature in 1819 and 1830 ; Chief Justice of the Court 
 of Common Pleas of Maine in 1821 ; Justice of the 
 State Court of Common Pleas from 1823 to 1830 ; was 
 Governor of Maine from 1831 to 1834 ; again Judge of 
 Court of Common Pleas from 1835 to 1837; and, in the 
 latter year, a Commissioner to revise the Public Stat- 
 utes of Maine. Died in Wiscasset, March 3, 18G0. 
 
 Smith, Thomas. — Was born in Scotland, em- 
 igrated to America, and was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; in 1769 was appointed Deputy-Surveyor, and 
 settled in Bedford, Pennsylvania ; was protjiono- 
 tary Clerk of the Sessions and Recorder of Bedford 
 County ; was Colonel of Militia during the Revolu- 
 tion ; a member of the "Constitutional Convention" 
 in 1776 ; a member of the State Legislature, and a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 
 1782 ; was President-Judge from 1791 to 1794 ; and 
 Judge of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from 
 1794 to 1809. Died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, June, 
 1809. 
 
 Smith, Thomas. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Stnith, Thomas. — Born in Pennsylvania, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 
 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Smith, Thomas L. — He was born in Virginia ; 
 well educated, and a man of superior culture ; he 
 was appointed Register of the Treasury by President 
 Jaclison in 1829, and continued in that position until 
 1845 ; and in 1849 he was appointed hy President 
 Taylor First Auditor of the Treasury, which otfice he 
 held until his death, which occurred in Washing- 
 ton, December 4, 1871. During his protracted resi- 
 dence in Washington, as an official of the Government 
 as well as a man, he commanded the highest regard 
 of the community. 
 
 Smith, Trtiinaii. — He was born in Roxbury, 
 Litchfield County, Connecticut, November 27, 1791 ; 
 graduated at Yale College in 1815 ; he studied law, 
 and was admitted to tlie bar in 1818 ; he was elected 
 to the State Legislature in 1831, and re-elected in 
 1832 and 1834 ; in 1839 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress, and re-elected in 1841, in 1845, and 
 1847 ; he was also a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; in 
 1849 he took his seat in the United States Senate for 
 a full term of sis years, resigning in 1854. Of late 
 years he has been engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession in New York City, and was appointed by 
 President Lincoln Judge of the Court of Arbitration 
 in New York, under the Treaty with Great Britain of 
 1863. 
 
 Smith, Walter M. — He was born in Ohio, and 
 in 1871 was appointed an Assistant Attorney-General 
 of the United States. ,.^ 
 
 Smith, ff'illiam. — Bom in New York, June 2.5, 
 1728 ; graduated at Yale College in 1745 ; studied 
 law and became eminent ; was a Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of New York in 1763 ; member of the 
 Council in 1769 ; adhered to the Royal Government in 
 the Revolution ; went to England after the Peace of 
 1783 ; and in 1786 was appointed Chief Justice of 
 Canada. He wrote " A History of New Yoi'k " from its 
 settlement in 1733, which was published in London 
 in 1757, and re-published with additions in 1814, 
 which History his son continued to 1768. Died in 
 New York, December 3, 1793. 
 
 Smith. iniliam. — He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from Maryland from 1777 to 
 1778 ; and a Representative under the Constitution 
 from 1789 to 1791, when he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Washington Auditor of the Treasury. In 1793 
 he was a Presidential Elector. Died in Baltimore, 
 March 37, 1814, aged eighty-four years. 
 
 Smith, iniliam. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1799, and 
 resigned on being appointed United States Minister 
 to Portugal by President John Adams. 
 
 Smith, If'illiam. — He was bom in North Caro- 
 lina, in 1763 ; emigrated to South Carolina, and was 
 educated at Mount Zion College. He studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1793. He was a Senator in 
 Congress from that State from 1816 to 1833, and again 
 from 1836 to 1831, officiating on two occasions as 
 President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1837 he received 
 the electoral vote of Virginia for Vice-President of the 
 United States. He served in the Legislature of South 
 Carolina, and was Judge of the Superior Court of that 
 State. He was a distinguished supporter of the doc- 
 trine of State Rights. He was offered a seat on the 
 Bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, but 
 declined it. He spent the latter years of his life in 
 Alabama, and died at HuntsviUe, in July, 1840. 
 
 Smith, William. — Was bom in Chesterfield, 
 Virginia, and was a Representative from that State to 
 the Nineteenth Congress. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 395 
 
 Sniifli, Villiatn, — Born in King George County, 
 Virginia, September 6, 1797. After prosecuting his 
 studies at Plainfield Academy in Connecticut, and at 
 private schools in Virginia, be .studied law, and com- 
 menced the practice in 1818. Soon after, he was the 
 means of establishing a line of post-coaches through 
 Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, by which he 
 made a fortune ; and in 1836 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, and re-elected in 1840. He was a 
 Representative in Congress during the term of 184:2 
 and 1843 ; in 184.5 he was elected Governor of Vir- 
 ginia for three years ; and in 18.53 was re-elected a 
 liepresentative in Congress, in which position he con- 
 tinued until the breaking out of tlie Rebellion in 
 1861. He was Chaii-man of the Special Committee 
 on the Laws of Public Printing, and a member of the 
 Committee on Territories in the Thirty-sixth Congress. 
 He subsequently served as a Brigadier-General in the 
 Virginia army, and was wounded at Antietam. 
 
 Smith, Tf'i/liatn Alejcaiiilet: — He was born 
 in Warren County, North Carolina, January 9, 1828 ; 
 received a limited education ; was a farmer ; a mem- 
 ber of the Secession Convention of North Carolina in 
 1861, of the State Legislature in 1864, of the Consti- 
 tutional Convention in 1865, of the State Senate in 
 1870 ; President of the North Carolina Railroad, and 
 of the Yadkin River Railroad, and appointed receiver 
 of the Western North Carolina Railroad in 1873. He 
 was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Smith, William E, — Born in Augusta, Georgia, 
 March 14, 1829 ; removed with his father to Albany 
 in that State in 1842 ; received an academic education; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; he 
 was elected Ordinary of Dougherty County in 1853 ; 
 in 1850 was made Solicitor-General for the South- 
 Westei'n Circuit ; in 1861 he entered the army in the 
 Fourth Georgia Regiment as First Lieutenant, was 
 elected Captain in 1862 ; he lost a leg in front of 
 Richmond, which caused him to retire from the 
 service, and return to the practice of law. In 1863, 
 was elected to the Confederate House of Representa- 
 tives, and continued in that office during its existence, 
 and then engaged in agricultural pursuits and cotton 
 planting. In 1874, declined the Judgeship of the 
 Albany Circuit, and was elected a Representative 
 from Georgia to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Sinifh, Will id m H. — He was born in Georgia, 
 April 9, 1826 ; received an ordinary English educa- 
 tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1852 ; 
 removed to Alabama and was twice elected to the 
 Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; 
 appointed a Circuit Judge of the State ; and in 1868 
 was elected for Governor for the term of two years. 
 
 Smith, William Loiighton, — He was a states- 
 man of South Carolina ; was a Representative from 
 South Carolina to Congress from 1789 to 1799 ; and 
 resigned on being appointed United States Minister to 
 Portugal by President John Adams ; was Minister to 
 Spain in 1800 and 1801 ; published an oration July 4, 
 1796 ; a comparative view of the Constitutions of the 
 States and the United States in 1797 ; a pamphlet 
 against the pretensions of Jefferson to the Presidency; 
 e.ssays signed "Pliocian;" address to his constitu- 
 ents, 1794. His speeches and letters to his constitu- 
 ents were re-published in London in 1795. Received 
 the degree of LL.D. Died in 1812. 
 
 Smith, William X. H. — Born in Murfrees- 
 borough, Hertford County, North Carolina, Septem- 
 ber 24, 1812 ; graduated at Yale College in 1834 ; 
 studied law in New Haven for two years, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1840 he was elected a 
 member of the State House of Commons ; in 1848 to 
 
 the State Senate ; before the expiration of his sena- 
 torial term, he was chosen Solicitor of the First 
 Judicial District, holding the office for eight years ; 
 in 1858 he was re-elected to the House of Commons, 
 but resigned his seat ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from North Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce. 
 He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of 
 the so-called Confederate Congress. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con- 
 vention" of 1866 ; and of the New Y^ork Convention 
 of 1868. 
 
 Smith, William Tt, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Alabama, his native State, from 1851 
 to 1855, where he acquired reputation by making a 
 demonstration against Kossuth. He has chiefly 
 devoted himself to literature and law, and has had a 
 seat on the bench of Alabama. 
 
 Smith, William Stephens. — Born in New 
 
 York in 1755 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 
 1774 ; was Aid to General Sullivan in 1776 ; Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regi- 
 ment from November, 1778, to March, 1779 ; was 
 several times wounded ; was then for a short time 
 attached to the Staff of Steuben, but left July, 1781, 
 to become Aid-de-Camp to ^^'ashington ; was Secre- 
 tary of Legation to John Adams in England, 1785 ; 
 was Surveyor of New Y'ork ; three years a member 
 of the Assembly ; President of the New Y'ork Cincin- 
 nati Society in 1804 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from 1813 to 1816. Died at Lebanon, New Y'^ork, 
 June 10, 1816. 
 
 Smith, Worth iuffton C. — He was born in St. 
 Albans, Vennont, April 23, 1823 ; graduated at the 
 University of Vermont in Burlington, 1843 ; studied 
 law, but abandoned the profession, and became an 
 iron-merchant and manufacturer ; in 1863 he was 
 chosen to the Legislature of the State ; in 1864 and 
 1865 to the State Senate, otficiating during the last 
 session as President of the Senate ; and in 1866 he 
 was elected a Representative from Vermont to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the 
 Committees on Manufactures, Weights and Measures, 
 and Banking and Currency. 
 
 SmitJi, jr. tT. — He was born in Birmingham, 
 England ; came to this country when quite young, 
 and after learning the trade of a painter, settled in 
 New York city ; when the war with Mexico com- 
 menced, he went to New Orleans and enlisted in the 
 army ; after the war, he spent ten years in Memphis, 
 following his business, after which he devoted him- 
 self to agricultural pursuits. During the Rebellion 
 he was persecuted and arrested on account of his 
 devotion to the Union cause ; on being released, he 
 acted as a guide for the troops in Tennessee, and 
 having enlisted in the Volunteer Army as a private, 
 rose to the brevet rank of Brigadier-General ; he was 
 a member of the Convention to re-organize the State 
 Government in Tennessee ; subsequently elected to 
 the Stale Legislature ; in 1867 to the State Senate ; 
 and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from 
 Tennessee to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Agriculture, and Public Buildings. 
 
 Smithers, Xathaniel J?.— He was born in 
 Dover, Delaware, October 8, 1818 ; graduated at La- 
 fayette College, Pennsylvania, in 1836 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1840 ; was Clerk of the Dela- 
 ware House of Representatives in 1845 and 1847 ; in 
 January, 1863, he was appointed Secretary of State 
 for Delaware, which position he resigned ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Delaware to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
 tions. He was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Conven- 
 
39G 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 tion" of 1864; and also to the Philadelplila "Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Stni/th, Alexander, — Born at Island of Rathlin. 
 Ireland, in 1T6.J ; was a member of the Virginia Leg- 
 islature ; was appointed a Colonel of Rifles in July, 
 1808 ; acting Inspector-General, with rank of Briga- 
 dier-General, July ISl'i ; undertook the invasion of 
 Canada in November, 1813 ; but proved incompetent 
 and was removed from the ai-my ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 18i5, and 
 from 1837 to 1830 ; and died in Washington, District 
 of Columbia, April 36, 1830. He published "Regu- 
 lations for United States Infantry" 1813, and a pamph- 
 let ou the Apocalypse. 
 
 Smyth, Frederick, — He was Governor of New 
 Hampshire for two years from 1865 to 1867. 
 
 Snii/fh. George W. — Born in North Carolina, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 Texas from 1833 to 1855. 
 
 Smi/fh, William, — Bom in Tyrone County, Ire- 
 land, January 3, 1834 ; received an academic educa- 
 tion ; came to Pennsylvania in 1838, where he taught 
 school and was clerk in a store ; removed to Iowa in 
 1844, and studied law ; from 1848 until 1853, he was 
 Attorney for Linn County ; was Judge of the same 
 from 1854 to 1857 ; was appointed in 1858 a Commis- 
 sioner to codify the State Laws, and also held several 
 other appointments from the Governor; was a Colonel 
 of Iowa Volunteers from 1863 to 1864, when he re- 
 signed ; and was elected a Representative from Iowa 
 to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Public Lands, and the Militia. 
 
 Snapp, IT, — He was born in Livingston County, 
 New York, June 30, 1833 ; educated in Rochester, aiid 
 in Homer, Illinois, in 1833 ; studied law in Joliet, ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1843, and practiced twenty-five 
 years ; was elected to the Senate in 1869, and served 
 until elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Railways and Canals. 
 
 Sliced, William. H, — He was born in Tennes- 
 see, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Snoflffrass, ,Tohii Fri/all, — Born in Berkeley 
 County, Virginia, March 2, 1804 ; was a lawyer by 
 profession, and practiced in Parkesburg, Virginia ; he 
 was a member of the Virginia " Constitutional Con- 
 vention" assembled at Richmond in 1850, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1833 until his death, 
 which occurred while trying a case in court in Parkers- 
 burg, June 3, 1854. 
 
 Snow, William IF.— He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts, and, having removed to New York, was elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Thirty-second 
 Congress. 
 
 Snow, Zeruhbabel. — He was an early emigrant 
 to the Territory of Utah, and in 1850 he was appointed 
 a Judge of the United States Court for that District. 
 
 Snoirdrn,, Tames Tioss, — Born in Chester, Del- 
 aware County. Pennsylvania, in 1810 ; was Speaker of 
 the House of Representatives of the State from 1843 
 to 1844 ; State Treasurer from 1845 to 1847 : Treas- 
 urer of United States Mint from 1847 to 1850, and 
 Director of the same from 1853 to 1861. Published 
 " Descriptions of Coins in the United States Mint," 
 8vo, 1860 ; " Description of Medals in the United 
 States Mint," in 1861 ; " The Mint at Philadelphia," 
 1861 ; "Coins of the Bible," etc., 1864 ; " The Com 
 Planter Memorial," 1867 ; autlior of the Articles on 
 
 the Coins of the United States in the National Almanac 
 of 1873, and many pamphlets on the subject. 
 
 Snyder, Adam W, — Born in 1801 ; frequently 
 served in the State Legislature of Illinois ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 
 to 1839. He was a candidate for Governor of the 
 State at the time of his death, which occurred at 
 Belleville, Illinois, May 14, 1843. 
 
 Sin/der, tTohn, — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of 
 the Committee on the Militia. 
 
 Sni/der, Oliver P, — Born in Missouri, Novem- 
 ber 13, 1833 ; received an academic education ; re- 
 moved to Arkansas in 1853 ; was engaged for several 
 years in scientific and literary pursuits ; studied and 
 practiced law ; was a member of the General Assem- 
 bly of Arkansas in 1864 and 1863 ; elected a Delegate 
 to the State Constitutional Convention in 1867 ; a 
 Presidential Elector in 1868 ; was elected a mem- 
 ber of the State Senate for four years ; appointed 
 one of the three commissioners to revise and re- 
 arrange the statutes of Arkansas ; was elected to 
 the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses ; and in 
 March, 1875, he was appointed Postmaster at Pine 
 Bluff in Arkansas, In the House he served on the 
 Committees on Freedmen and the Militia. 
 
 Snyder, Simon, — Born in Lancaster County, 
 Pennsylvania, November 5, 1759 ; rose from the posi- 
 tion of apprentice to the highest honors of the State ; 
 was a member of the Convention which formed the 
 Constitution of Pennsylvania ; was several years 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives ; and in 1818 
 a member of the State Senate. He was Governor 
 from 1808 to 1817. Died at Selim's Grove, in North- 
 umberland County, November 9, 1819. 
 
 Sollers, Aiiynsfiis U, — Bom in Maryland, and 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from his 
 native State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1853 
 to 1855 ; and was a Presidential Elector in 1856. 
 
 Solomon, Edward. — He was Governor of Wis- 
 consin from 1861 to 1863. 
 
 Somes, Daniel E. — He was a Representative 
 from Maine in the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
 a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 From 1855 to 1857, he was Mavor of Biddeford ; and 
 from 1856 to 1858, President o'f the City Bank of that 
 city. He was also a member of the " Peace Con- 
 gress " of 1861 ; and subsequently settled in Wash- 
 ington as a Claim Agent. Declined all appeals for 
 information. 
 
 Soiile, N^athan, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. He was 
 also a member of the State Assemblv from Onondaga 
 in 1837. 
 
 SoiilS, Pierre. — Born at Castillion, in the Pyre- 
 nees, during the First Consulate of Napoleon. He 
 was destined for the church, and in 1816 was sent to 
 the Jesuit's College at Toulouse. He was afterwards 
 sent to complete his studies at Bordeaux. At the age 
 of fifteen he took part- in a conspiracy against the 
 Bourbons, and, the plot having been discovered, he 
 was obliged to take refuge in a little village of Na- 
 varre, where he remained for more than a year, fol- 
 lowing the occupation of a shepherd. He was per- 
 mitted to return to Bordeaux ; but he longed for a 
 more exciting scene of action, and accordingly repaired 
 to Paris. Here, in conjunction with Barthelemy and 
 Mery, he established a paper advocating liberal Rep 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 397 
 
 ublican sentiments. This soon brought him under 
 the eye of the authorities, and lie was put upon his 
 trial. His advocate appealed to the clemency of the 
 court in behalf of the prisoner on the score of his 
 youth. This line of defense did not suit the prisoner, 
 who rose from his seat and addressed the court, de- 
 nying the criminality of his opinions and conduct. 
 His eloquence did not save him from St. Pelagie, 
 whence be succeeded in making his escape to Eng- 
 land. Disappointed in his expectations of obtaining 
 a situation in Chili, which had been proiftised him, 
 and finding himself alone in a strange country, wholly 
 ignorant of the language, he returned to France. At 
 Havre he met a friend, a Captain in the French Navy, 
 who advised him to seek an asylum in the United 
 States, and offered him a passage in his ship as far as 
 St. Domingo. He accepted the proposition, and ar- 
 rived at Port-au-Prince in September, 1825. From 
 this place he took passage to Baltimore, and finally 
 removed to New Orleans in the fall of 1825. Having 
 determined to make the law his profession, he first 
 applied himself assiduously to the study of English, 
 aud passed his examination for the bar in that lan- 
 guage, and was admitted. In 1847 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from Louisiana, to fill a vacancy, 
 and was re-elected in 1849 for the term of six years, 
 but resigned in 1853. In 1853 he was appointed by 
 President Pierce Minister to Spain. In 18G2 he was 
 arrested in New Orleans for disloyaltv to the Govern- 
 ment, and, after an imprisonment of some months in 
 Fort Lafayette, he was released on condition that he 
 would not return to Louisiana until the end of the 
 Rebellion. Died in New Orleans, March 36, 1870, 
 aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Southnrd, Henri/. — Born on Long Island, Octo- 
 ber, 1749. \Vlien he was eight years of age his father 
 removed to Baskinridge, in the Colony of New Jersey. 
 He received but an ordinary education, and as a day 
 laborer earned the money to buy a farm. He took an 
 active part in the Revolutionary war, and, after the 
 adoption of the Constitution, served nine years in the 
 State Legislature, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1801 to 1811, and from 
 1815 to 1821. A short time before retiring from Con- 
 gress he met his son in a joint committee, and they 
 voted together on the Missouri Compromise. He died 
 June 2, 1842. He was a man of superior talents and 
 remarkable memory. 
 
 Southard, Isaac. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1831 to 1833. Died 
 September 18, 1850. 
 
 Southard, Milton I. — He was bom in Licking 
 County, Ohio ; graduated at Denison University, Ohio, 
 in 1861 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 
 1863 ; was elected Attorney for Muskingum County 
 in 1867, 1869 and 1871 ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Mines and 
 Mining and on the Treasury Department. In Decem- 
 ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Territories. 
 
 Southard, Samuel L. — Was the son of Henry 
 Southard ; born in Baskinridge, New Jersey, June 9, 
 1787. He graduated at Princeton in 1804, and soon 
 afterwards removed to Virginia, where he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. In 1811 he returned to his native 
 State, and rose to a high position as a lawyer. He 
 was, for several years. Deputy-Attorney, and in 1814 
 was admitted as Counselor-at-law, and appointed 
 Law Reporter by the Legislature. In 1815 he was 
 elected to the Legislature, and, in a week after tak- 
 ing his seat, was placed on the bench of the Supreme 
 Court of New Jersey. In 1820 he was a Presidential 
 Elector ; in 1821 he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
 
 serving as President pro tern, of that body ; remained 
 there until 1823, when he was appointed, by Presi- 
 dent Monroe, Secretary of the Navy ; he was also act- 
 ing Secretary of the Treasury, and for a short period 
 acting Secretary of War. In 1822 he was elected a 
 Trustee of Nassau Hall, and also of the Theological 
 Seminary of Princeton. In 1830 he was elected At- 
 torney-General of the State ; and in 1832 was Gov- 
 ernor of the State. In 1833 he was re-elected to the 
 United States Senate, and served until 1842, and, on 
 the death of President Harrison, he became the Presi 
 dent of the Senate. He is remembered in New 
 Jersey as the " favorite son " of that State. He died 
 at Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 26, 1842. 
 
 Southgnte, William W. — Born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839, and a Presidential Elector in 1840 
 and 1845. 
 
 Spaiffht, Sichard D. — He commenced his 
 academic studies in Ireland, and finished his educa- 
 cation at the University of Glasgow. He joined the 
 American Army in 1778, as aid-de-camp to General 
 Caswell, and was at the battle of Camden in 1780 ; in 
 1781 he entered the House of Commons of North Car- 
 olina ; from 1782 to 1784 was a member of the Conti- 
 nental Congress, and also during the years 1785 and 
 1786 ; and he was one of the Delegates to form the 
 Constitution of the United States, to which his 
 name is appended. He was a Pre^^idential Elector in 
 1797 ; in 1792 he was again elected to the Local Leg- 
 islature, and was the same year elected Governor of 
 North Carolina. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1798 to 1801, after which he was elected to the 
 State Senate. On Sunday, September 5, 1802, he 
 fought a duel with the Honorable John Stanlej', was 
 wounded in the side, and died in about twenty hours. 
 
 Spaiffht, Jiic/iard D, — He was the son of the 
 
 above, and boin in Newbem, North Carolina, in 1796 ; 
 he graduated at the University of that State in 1815 ; 
 studied law ; served four years in the State Legisla- 
 ture ; was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 
 1825 ; he subsequently served ten years in the State 
 Senate, and was Governor of North Carolina in 1835 
 and 1836. After retirirg from that office, he declined 
 aU public positions, and devoted himself to agricultu- 
 ral pursuits ; he died in 1850. 
 
 Spal'^ing, Eufus Paine. — He was bom in 
 
 West Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, 
 May 8, 1797. Went with his father, Rufus Spalding, 
 to Connecticut when young ; received the rudiments 
 of his education at the Plainfield and Colchester 
 Academies ; graduated at Tale College in 1817 ; stud- 
 ied law, and, removing to Ohio, commenced the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Trumbull County in 1821 ; in 
 1839 he waselected totheOhio Legislature; re-elected 
 in 1841, and was Speaker of the House ; in 1849 he 
 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court for seven 
 years, and held the position for three years, until the 
 new State Constitution was adopted, when he re- 
 moved to Cleveland, and resumed the practice of law. 
 In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to 
 the Thirty-eighth Congress, serring on the Commit- 
 tees on Naval Affairs and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Appropriations and the Bankrupt 
 Law. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on the Library and Revision of 
 United States Laws. He subsequently declined aU 
 political honors. 
 
 Spalding, Tliomas. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Georgia from 1805 to 1806. 
 
 Spangler, David, — He was a Representative in 
 
398 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1837, and in 1844 
 was nominated by the Whig party for Governor of 
 the State, but declined the nomination. He died in 
 Coshocton, Ohio, October 18, 1856. 
 
 Spangler, Jacob. — Born in 1768 ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, in 1813, 
 when he resigned, and from 1816 to 1818, and was 
 subsequently Surveyor-General of the State. Died 
 at York, Pennsylvania, June 17, 1843. 
 
 Sparks, William A. J, — Born near New Al- 
 bany, Indiana, November 19, 1828 ; removed with liis 
 parent.'- to Illinois in 1836 ; attended country schools, 
 labored on a farm, and taught school ; graduated at 
 McKendree College, Illinois; studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1850 ; was United States Land 
 Otiice Receiver from 1853 to 1856 ; was Presidential 
 Elector in 1856 ; was a member of the State Legisla- 
 ture in 1857 and 1858 ; State Senator in 1863 and 
 1864 ; was a Delegate to the National Democratic 
 Convention at New York in 1868 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Spaidding, Elbridge G. — He was born at 
 Summer Ilill, Cayuga County, New York, February 
 34, 1S(J9 ; was educated at Auburn Academy ; taught 
 school, studied law, and was admitted to practice iu 
 Genesee County. In 1834 he removed to Buffalo, and 
 in 1836 was Attorney of the Supreme Court of New 
 York, and also Solicitor in Chancery, and in 1839 was 
 Counselor of the same. In 1836 he was appointed 
 City Clerk of Buffalo ; in 1841 he was Alderman, and 
 in 1847 was elected Mayor. In 1848 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Assembly of the State ; and from 1849 to 
 1851 he was a Representative in Congress, serving on 
 tlio Committee on Foreign Relations. In 1853 he 
 was elected Treasurer of the State of New York, and 
 was a member of the Canal Board for two years, and 
 is now President of the Farmers' and 5lechanics' 
 Bank of Genesee, at Buffalo. He was also elected to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on Ways and Means. Re-elected to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 
 Speed, James, — Was born in Jefferson County, 
 Kentucky, March 11, 1812 ; graduated at St. Joseph's 
 College, in that State ; was for a time employed in 
 the office of tlie Clerk of the Circuit and County 
 Courts ; studied law at Transylvania University, and, 
 on being admitted to the bar, settled in the practice 
 at Louisville, in 1853. In 1847 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; in 1861 he was elected to the State 
 Senate; and in November, 1864. he was appointed, 
 by President Lincoln, Attorney-General of the United 
 States, which office he resigned in July, 1866, and re- 
 sumed the practice of his profession. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " 
 of 1866, of which he was President. 
 
 Speed, Thomas. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Speer, Robert Milton. — He was born in Cass- 
 ville, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, September 
 8. 1838 ; was well educated ; studied law, and admitted 
 to the bar in 1859, at Huntingdon ; was Assistant 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives of Pennsylva- 
 nia In 1863 ; was a Delegate to the Democratic Na- 
 tional Convention at Baltimore in 1872 : and elected 
 to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committee on Elections. 
 
 Speight, Jesse. — Born in Greene County, North 
 Carolina, September 23, 1795. His education was 
 limited, but his natural abilities were of a high or- 
 der. In 1822 he was a member of the House of Com- 
 
 mons ; in 1823, of the Senate, where he continued 
 until 1827, officiating several years as Speaker ; and 
 he was a Representative in Congress, from North 
 Carolina, from 1839 10 1837. He declined a re-elec- 
 tion ; removed to Mississippi ; was elected to the Leg 
 islature there, and made Speaker ; and from 1845 to 
 1847 was a Senator in Congress from his adopted 
 State. He died at Columbus, Mississippi, May 6, 
 1847. 
 
 SpencS, Carroll. — He was a citizen of Marylanc" ; 
 and in 1853 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Turkey, and in 1855 was empowered to negotiate a 
 treaty with the Government of Persia. 
 
 Spence, John S. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress, from Maryland, from 1837 to 1840, and a Rep- 
 resentative from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1831 to 
 1833. Died October 29, 1840. 
 
 Spence, Thomas A. — He graduated at Yale 
 College in 1829 ; was a Presidential Elector In 1840; 
 and was elected a Representative iu Congress, from 
 Maryland, from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 Spencer, Ambrose. — Born in Salisbury, Con- 
 necticut, December 13, 1765 ; in 1779 entered Yale 
 College, and remained three years, but graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1783 ; studied law, and settled 
 at Hudson, New York. He was a member of the As- 
 sembly in 1793 ; from 1795 to 1798 State Senator ; in 
 1796 Assistant Attorney-General of the Counties of 
 Columbia and Rensselaer, and a member of the Coun- 
 cil of Appointment ; in 1802 was Attorney-General 
 for the State ; in 1804 was chosen Judge ; in 1809 was 
 a Presidential Elector ; and in 1810 became Chief-Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1823 he 
 retired from the bench and was engaged at the bar, 
 and was elected a Representative in Congress from 
 New York from 1829 to 1831. He was also Mayor of 
 Albany one term. He retired to the village of Lyons 
 in 1839, and engaged in agricultural pursuits ; and 
 in 1844 was President of the "National Whig Con- 
 vention " at Baltimore. He died at Lyons, March 13, 
 1848. 
 
 Spencer, Elijah, — He was bom in Columbia 
 County, New York, and was a member of the New 
 York Assembly in 1819 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1821 to 1833. 
 
 Spencer, George JE. — Born in Jefferson County, 
 New York, November 1, 1835 ; educated at the Mon- 
 treal College, in Canada ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar of Iowa in 1856 ; was Secretary of the Iowa 
 Senate in 1838 ; entered the army as a Captain in 
 1862 ; recruited the First Cavalry Regiment of Ala- 
 bama in 1863 ; commanded a brigade of cavalry on 
 Sherman's grand march ; was brevetted a Brigadier- 
 General "for gallantry in the field;" resigned in 
 1865 ; in 1867 he was appointed a Register in Bank- 
 ruptcy for the Fourth District of Alabama ; and in 
 1868 he was elected a Senator in Congress from that 
 State for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Commerce, Pensions, Military Affairs, and 
 the District of Columbia. Re-elected for the term end- 
 ing in 1879. 
 
 Spencer, James Tt. — He served as a Captain in 
 the war of 1812. and was in several engagements ; he 
 was in the Legislature of New York in 1831 and 1832 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839. He subsequently held the various 
 positions of Elector, Magistrate, County Judge, Col- 
 lector, and Indian Agent. .He died at Fort Covington, 
 New York, in March, 1848. 
 
 Spencer, John C. — He was bom in Hudson, New 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 399 
 
 York, January 8, 1T87. He entered Williams College, 
 but soon went to Union College, wliere he gradnated 
 in 1806. President Nott was then at the head of the 
 college, and one of the last professional acts of Mr. 
 Spencer was to defend in court the President's admin- 
 istration, for many years, of the affairs of the college. 
 Mr. Spencer was admitted to the bar in 1809, and 
 opened an office in Canandaigua. He lived in Canan- 
 daigua until 1845, when he removed to Albany, where 
 he resided until his death. He was Private Secretary 
 to Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, and, at the age of 
 nineteen, became connected with public affairs, and, 
 from that time until his last illness, no prominent 
 public event occurred in which he did not take an in- 
 terest. In 1811 he was made Master in Chancery ; in 
 1813 he was Brigade Judge-Advocate, in active service 
 on the frontier ; in 1814 he was appointed Postmaster 
 of Canandaigua ; in 181.5 was Assistant Attorney-Gen- 
 eral for the western part of the State ; in 1816 was 
 elected to Congress, where he remained two years. 
 While there he was one of the Committee who exam- 
 ined into the affairs of the United States Bank, and 
 their report was drawn by his hand. In 1830 he was 
 first elected to the Assembly, and was chosen Speak- 
 er. The next year he was returned, but was in the 
 minority. In 1824 he was elected to the State Senate 
 and served four years. He joined the anti-Masonic 
 party, and was appointed, by Governor Van Buren, 
 Special Attorney-General, under the law passed for 
 that purpose, to prosecute those connected with the 
 alleged abduction of Morgan. In 183'3 he was again 
 elected to the Assembly. In 1839 he was appointed 
 Secretary of State and Superintendent of Common- 
 Schools, and did much to reduce them to a S3'stem. 
 He served for two years. He was appointed Regent 
 of the University in 1840. In October, 1841, he was 
 made Secretary of War by President Tyler, and in 
 March, 1843, was transferred to the Treasury Depart- 
 ment, but resigned in 1844, from his opposition to the 
 annexation of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a successful 
 lawyer, but he achieved his highest fame from his 
 connection with the Revision of the Statutes of New 
 York. Not content with merely preparing the Stat- 
 utes, he followed them up with a series of Essays, 
 explaining their purposes. So great confidence was 
 placed in him by the people, that he was selected to 
 revise the whole body of the Law of the State ; but 
 his advancing age compelled him to decline the task 
 He was industrious, and a man of intellect and intense 
 energy. He died at Albany, May 18, 18.55. 
 
 Spencer, tfoseph. — Bom at East Haddam, Con- 
 necticut, in 1714 ; was Judge of Probate in 1753 ; 
 joined the Northern Army in 1758 as Major under 
 Colonel WTiiting, and as Lieutenant-Colonel in the 
 two following campaigns ; was elected a member of 
 the Council in 1766 ; appointed Brigadier-General in 
 the Continental Anny in 1775 ; Major-General in 
 1776 ; was in the expedition against Rhode Island in 
 1778, and assisted in Sullivan's retreat ; resigned June 
 14, 1778, in consequence of an order given by Congress 
 to inquire into the reasons of the failure on his part 
 to carry out the plan of the expedition against the 
 British in Rhode Island, the preceding year. He 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778 
 and 1779 ; in 1780 was again elected to the Council, 
 and annually re-elected till his death. He was highly 
 esteemed by Washington. Died at East Haddam, 
 Connecticut, January 13, 1789. 
 
 Spencer, Bichard, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Maryland from 1829 to 1831. 
 
 SphtJf, S. £.— Bom in 'SVliitehall, New York, 
 March 20, 1831 ; educated at the Castleton Academy, 
 in Vermont ; taught school, for several years, in New 
 England, New York, and Maryland ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in Iowa in 1856 : in 1860 he removed 
 
 to Illinois, and conducted the Prnirie Beacon at Paris, 
 as proprietor ; was elected to the State Legislature in 
 1864 ; was appointed Secretary of Dakota Territory 
 by President Lincoln, the day preceding his assassin- 
 ation, and continued in office until 1869, when he was 
 elected the Delegate from Dakota to tlie Forty-first 
 Congress. 
 
 Spinner, Francis E. — Bom in the town of 
 German Flats, Herkimer County, New York (where 
 the \-illage of Mohawk now stands), January 21, 1803 , 
 and received most of his instruction from his father, 
 who was a highly educated German clergyman. For 
 twenty years he was the executive officer of the Mo- 
 hawk Valley Bank ; he held all the Commissions, 
 from the Governors of New York, from a Lieutenant 
 to a Major-General of the State artillery ; was County 
 Sheriff, and Commissioner for building the State Lu- 
 natic Asylum. From 1845 to 1849 he was Auditor in 
 the Naval Office at New York ; and in 1854 was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and 
 was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Accounts. He was re-elected 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Accounts. In 1861 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Lincoln United States Treasurer, 
 and continued in the position until 1875. 
 
 Spragiie, Feleg. — He was born December 10, 
 1756 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1783 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
 shire, from 1797 to 1799. Died iu 1800. He was a 
 lawyer by profession. 
 
 Spofford, Ainsivoi'th liand. — Born at Gil- 
 maiiton. New Hampshire. September 13, 1825; re- 
 ceived a clas.sical education by private tuition, his 
 father being a clergyman, and at the age of sixteen 
 went into the business of Ijookselling and publish- 
 ing in Cincinnati. In 1859 he became associate edi- 
 tor of the Diiily Commercinl, of tliat city. In 1861 was 
 appointed First Assistant Librarian in the Library 
 of Congress at Wasliington, and in 1865 became Libra- 
 rian-in-Chief. Under his administration of that trust, 
 the National Library has grown from ninety thousand 
 to two hundred and eighty thousand volumes, and 
 the amendment of the law of Copyright has been ef- 
 fected, through which the whole business of record- 
 ing and authenticating copyright is transferred to 
 Washington, instead of being scattered through the 
 District Courts of the States. As a result, the Gov 
 ernment secures a complete deposit of all copyright 
 publications, and the citizen can rely on finding (with 
 few and unimportant exceptions) every book pub- 
 lished in the United States. 
 
 Sprague, Peleg, — He was born in Duxbury, 
 Massachusetts, in 1792 ; graduated at Harvard L^ni- 
 vcrsity with honor in 1812 ; and, having adopted the 
 profession of law, settled in the practice first at Au- 
 gusta, Maine, and then at Hallowell ; he was a mem- 
 ber of the Maine Legislature in 1831 and 1833; a 
 Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1825 
 to 1829 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1829 to 1835. 
 On completing his senatorial term he settled in Bos- 
 ton, and in 1841 he was appointed Judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court of the United States for Slassachusetts, 
 which office he resigned in 1865. In 1841 he was also 
 a Presidential Elector. In 1847 he received from 
 Harvard University the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
 Living in Boston in 1875. 
 
 Spragiie, IVilliam. — He was born in Cranston, 
 Rhode Island, in 1800. When quite young he was 
 elected to the General Assembly, and in 1833 was 
 chosen Speaker of the House. In 1835 he was chosen 
 a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, 
 and declined a re-election. He was Governor of 
 
400 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Rhode Island, in 1838 and 1839, and in 1842 was elect- 
 ed to tlie United States Senate, serving two years. 
 In 1849 he was Presidential Elector, and a member 
 of the State Assembly at the time of his death, which 
 occurred in Provideuce, October 19, 1856. 
 
 Sprague, Williani, — He was born in Khode 
 Island, and, removing to Michigan, was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851 ; 
 and died soon afterwards. 
 
 Sprague, William. — Was born in Cranston, 
 Rhode Island, September 11, 1730, his ancestors hav- 
 ing been for several generations honorably associated 
 with the manufacturing business of New England ; 
 was educated chiefly at the Irving Institute, Tarry- 
 town, New York, and subsequently spent several 
 years in the counting-room of an uncle, on the death 
 of whom one of the largest manufacturing interests 
 in the country came into his possession. Having a 
 taste for military affairs, he joined an artillery com- 
 pany in Providence in his eighteenth year, and be- 
 came a Colonel ; in 18.59 he visited Europe, and was 
 friendly to the cause and person of Garibaldi. In 
 
 1861 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and, 
 on the breaking out of the Rebellion, lie took a great 
 interest in the national cause ; was witli the troops of 
 Rhode Island at the first battle of Bull Run ; and in 
 18G3 he was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 Rliode Island for the term ending in 1869, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and as 
 a member of the Committees on Commerce and Mili- 
 tary Affairs. He is also President of several banks, 
 and, when at home, takes an active part as Director 
 in various Insurance Companies. He was a Delegate 
 to the Philadeljjliia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866, 
 and also to the " Soldiers' Convention " at Pittsburg. 
 His uncle, bearing the same name, was also a Sena- 
 tor in Congress. Re-elected to the Senate in 1868, for 
 the term ending in 1875, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Public Lauds. 
 
 Sprague, William P. — He was bom in Mor- 
 gan County, Ohio, May 21, 1827 ; received a good edu- 
 cation ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was Presi- 
 dent of the First National Bank of McConnellsville ; 
 a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1860 and 
 
 1862 ; and was elected to the Forty-second and Forty- 
 third Congresses, serving on the C'ommittees on Revo- 
 lutionary Pensions and Public BuUdings and Grounds. 
 
 Sprigg, James C. — Bom in Maryland, and was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky 
 from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Sprigg, Michael C. — He was frequently a mem- 
 ber of the Maryland Legislature ; at one time Presi- 
 dent of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1820 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1827 to 1831. He died at Cumberland, 
 Slaryland, in December, 1845. 
 
 Sprigg, Richard. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1799, and from 
 
 1801 to 1803. 
 
 Sprigg, Samuel. — He was bom in Maryland, 
 and elected Governor of that State in 1819, remaining 
 in office uutU 1832. 
 
 Sprigg. Thomas. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1796. 
 
 Sprigg, William. — He was a native of Mary- 
 land, and well educated ; in 1805 he was appointed by 
 President -Jefferson United States Judge for the Ter- 
 ritory of Michigan ; in 1806, transferred to the same 
 position in Orleans ; in 1812, to Louisiana ; in 1813 to 
 
 the Territory of Illinois ; and on the admission of 
 Missouri into the Union as a State he received the ap- 
 pointment of District Judge for that State, but held it 
 only for a short time. 
 
 Springer, Willi a in M. — Born in Sullivan Coun- 
 ty, Indiana, May 30, 1836 ; removed with his parents to 
 Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1848 ; graduated at Indiana 
 University, Bloomington, in 1858 ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to practice in 1859 ; in 1862, settled in 
 Sfiringfield, Illinois, where he has since practiced his 
 profession ; in 1862 was Secretary of the Illinois Con- 
 stitutional Convention ; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1871 and 1872 ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Sprnance, Presley. — He was bom in Dela- 
 ware in 1785 ; was devoted to mercantile pursuits ; 
 served in the State Senate, and was President of that 
 body ; and was a Senator in Congress from Delaware 
 from 1847 to 1853. Died in Smyrna, Delaware, Feb- 
 ruary 13, 1863. 
 
 Squier, Ephraim George. — Born in Bethle- 
 hem, New York, June 17, 1821 ; graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1848 ; in his youth he worked on a farm 
 in summer and taught school in winter ; he next pub- 
 lished a village new.spaper, and studied civil engineer- 
 ing ; in 1841 and 1842 he was as.sociated with the 
 New York State Mechanic, at Albany ; published a 
 volume on the Chinese in 1843 ; edited the Hartford 
 Daily Journal from 1843 to 1845 ; from 1845 to 1848 
 edited the Scioto Gazette, at Chillicothe ; was Clerk of 
 the Legislature in 1847 and 1848. He investigated the 
 aboriginal monuments of the Mississippi valley, the 
 results of which were published in the first volume of 
 Smithsonian "Contributions to Knowledge," and in 
 the Transactions of the Ethnological Society ; in 
 1849 " Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New 
 York, from Original Surveys and Explorations." In 
 1848 was Charge d'Affaires to Central America ; and 
 as Secretary of the Honduras Inter-Oceanic Railway 
 Company, he went again to Central America in 1853. 
 His observations are found in his " Nicaragua, its 
 People, Scenery, and Monuments," in 1852; "Notes 
 on Central America," 1854; "WaUina," 1855; 
 "Question Anglo-Americaine," Paris, 1856; the 
 " States of Central America," in 1857 ; " Monographs 
 of Authors who have written on the Aboriginal Lan- 
 guages of Central America," in 1861; "Tropical 
 Fibers and their Economic Extraction," with other 
 publications on that region. Received the medal 
 from the Geographical Society of France, and is a 
 member of various scientific and literary societies, 
 and the editor of Frank Leslie's publications ; was 
 United States Commissioner to Peru in 1863 and 1864 ; 
 First President of the Anthropological Institute of 
 New York, in 1871. 
 
 StalUvorfh, James A, — Bom in Conecuh 
 County, Alabama, April 7, 1833. He received an 
 academic education ; studied law ; serving in the 
 Legislature during the years 1845, 1846, 1847, and 
 1848 ; was twice elected Solicitor for his District ; and 
 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Com- 
 merce. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but 
 withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in the Rebel- 
 lion. 
 
 Stannrd, Edirin O. — He was born in Newport, 
 New Hampshire, January 5, 1832 ; removed to the 
 Territory of Iowa with bis parents ; received a com- 
 mon-school education, and went to St. Louis ; taught 
 school three winters in Illinois, and attended school in 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 401 
 
 that city during the summer ; in 185.5 obtained a clerk- 
 ship ; and in 185G opened a commission house, and 
 soon had brancli houses in Chicago and New Orleans ; 
 in I860 went also into the milling business ; was 
 elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1868, and 
 was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Stanard, Robert. — Was a distinguished mem- 
 ber of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829 
 and I80O ; represented Richmond for several sessions 
 in the House of Delegates ; and was eminent at the 
 bar of that city when he was elevated to the bench of 
 the Court of Appeals. Died in Richmond, Virginia, 
 May 13, 1846, aged sixty-six years. 
 
 Stanberii, Henry, — He was born in the City 
 of New York, February 20, 1803 ; emigrated to Ohio 
 in 1814 ; graduated at Washington College, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in September, 1819 ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar of Ohio in May, 1824, and to the bar of the 
 United States Supreme Court in December, 1832 ; 
 was elected by the Assembly of Ohio the first Attor- 
 ney-General of that State in 1846 ; and in July, 1866, 
 was appointed by President Johnson Attorney-General 
 of the United States. His domicile is on the Kentucky 
 side of the Ohio River, opposite Cincinnati, but his 
 office has hitherto been in that city, and his profes- 
 sional business in Ohio. On March 12, 1868, he 
 resigned the position of Attorney-General, for the 
 purpose of defending President Andrew Johnson dur- 
 ing his Impeachment trial. 
 
 Sfanberry, WiUiani. — Bom in Essex County, 
 New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1827 to 1833. He resided in Licking 
 County. He is remembered as the member upon 
 whom a personal assault was made for words uttered 
 in debate, by Sam Houston in 1832. 
 
 Sfandeford, Elisha D.—He was bom in Jef- 
 ferson County, Kentucky, December 28, 1831 ; re- 
 ceived a good education ; studied medicine, and grad- 
 uated in 1853 ; was a banker, manufacturer, and 
 farmer ; elected to the State Senate in 1868 and 1871 ; 
 and to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Standifer, James. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1825, and 
 again from 1829 to 1837. He died near Kingston, 
 Tennessee, August 24, 1836. 
 
 Stanford, Letand. — Bom near Albany, New 
 York, March 9, 1824 ; had a common-school educa- 
 tion ; was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; practiced in 
 Port Washington, Michigan, until 1852 ; became a 
 merchant in Sacramento, California ; was a Delegate 
 to the Chicago Convention in 1860 : Governor of Cali- 
 fornia from 1862 to 1864 ; is President of the Pacific 
 Railroad Company ; and is largely interested in rail- 
 road and manufacturing enterprises in California. 
 
 Stanford, Sicliard. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from North Carolina from 1T97 to 1816. 
 Died April 9, 1816, in Georgetown, District of Colum- 
 bia, aged forty-seven years. 
 
 Stanley, JEd ward.— Born in North Carolina ; 
 received a portion of his education at the Military 
 Academy at Middletown, Connecticut ; studied law ; 
 served three years in the House of Commons of North 
 Carolina, and was Speaker of that body. Was a Rep- 
 resentative from North Carolina in the Twenty-fifth, 
 Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, Thirtieth, Thirty- 
 first, and Thirty-second Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Ways and Means, and as a leader of his 
 party in debate. He removed to California, where he 
 26 
 
 devoted himself to the law. He was recalled from 
 there by President Lincoln in 1862, to assume the 
 duties of Military Governor of North Carolina. He 
 acted in this capacity for some months, when he re- 
 signed, and returned to California. Died at San 
 Francisco, July 26, 1872. 
 
 Stanley, John. — He was born in North Carolina ; 
 was a distinguished member of the Legislature of 
 North Carolina ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1801 to 1803, and again from 
 1809 to 1811. He was an able and eloquent debater, 
 greatly respected for his talents and private character. 
 While delivering a speech in the Legislature in 1826, 
 he was arrested by an attack of heraiplegy, from the 
 effects of which he suffered until his death, August 3, 
 1834, at Newbern, North Carolina. 
 
 Stansbliry, Hoivard, — Was bom in New York 
 City, February 8, 1806 ; was a civil engineer by pro- 
 fession, and was engaged in various surveys of West- 
 em rivers, and in 1835 had charge of a number of 
 public works in Indiana ; in 1838 was appointed First 
 Lieutenant of United States Topographical Engineer 
 Cor])s ; in 1841 was engaged on a survey of the Great 
 Lakes ; from 1842 to 1845 was in charge of a survey 
 of the harbor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire ; in 
 
 1847 was charged with the construction of an iron 
 light-house on Gary's Fort Reef, Florida, the largest 
 light-house on the coast ; from 1849 to 1851 was en- 
 gaged in the Great Salt Lalie Expedition, and pub- 
 lished a report of the same ; in 1852 and 1853 was en- 
 gaged upon the lake harbors ; in 1856 was assigned to 
 the charge of the military roads in Minnesota ; and at 
 the time of his death held the position of mustering 
 and disbursing officer at Madison. He died at Mad- 
 ison, Wisconsin, April 17, 1863. 
 
 Stanton, lienjamiu. — Bom at Mount Pleasant, 
 Jefferson County, Ohio, June 4, 1809. He lived on a 
 farm until the age of seventeen, and then worked at 
 the trade of a tailor until he was twenty-one. He 
 studied law, and settled in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in 
 April, 1834, where he practiced his profession. He 
 was elected to the State Senate in 1841 ; resigned in 
 1842, but was re-elected the ^ame year. In 1850 he 
 was a Delegate to the Ohio "Constitutional Conven- 
 tion," and in October of that year, was elected to the 
 House of Representatives of the Thirty-second Con- 
 gress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses ; and was one of the Regents 
 of the Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the 
 Committee on Military Affairs. He was also re- 
 elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1863 
 he was Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio. 
 
 Stanton, Edwin 31. — He was born in Stnben- 
 ville, Ohio, December 19, 1814 ; graduated at Kenyon 
 College ; studied law, and having commenced its 
 practice at Cadiz, Ohio, subsequently settled in his 
 native town. In 1842 he was elected" by the Legisla- 
 ture, Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court: 
 of the State, which office he held for three years. In 
 
 1848 he formed a law partnership at Pittsburg, but 
 continued his business before the courts of Ohio.. 
 Soon after that he began to be much employed in the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, which compelled 
 him to remove to Washington in 1857 ; in 1858 he was 
 sent by the Government to California to defend its in- 
 terests in certain important land cases in that State ; 
 in December, 1860, he went into President Buchanan's 
 Cabinet as Attorney-General, holding that office until 
 the close of the Administration, when he resumed the 
 practice of his profession ; and in January, 1862, he 
 was appointed by President Lincoln Secretary of War, 
 and was continued in that position by President John- 
 ton until August 12, 1867, when he was suspended 
 
403 
 
 lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 as Secretary by the President, but, by order of the 
 Senate was reinstated in office, January 14, 1868. On 
 the 21st of February following. President Johnson 
 made a second effort to remove him, but, by the di- 
 rection of the Senate, he continued in office. Resigned 
 iu May, 18tiS. In 1867 he received from Yale College 
 the degree of LL.D. In 1869 he was appointed a 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 but died December 24 of the same year. 
 
 Sffinfon, Frederick P. — Born in the District 
 of Columbia ; as a boy, worked with his father at tlie 
 business of bricklaying ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1855. 
 He was also appointed Governor of the Territory of 
 Kansas in 1858 ; he subsequently settled in Washing- 
 ton City as a lawyer. His brother, Richard H. , was 
 also a member of Congress. 
 
 Stanton, Joseph. — Bom in Rhode Island, and 
 was for many years a leading politician. He was a 
 Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1790 to 
 1793, and a Representative in Congress from 1801 to 
 1807. 
 
 Stanton, Richard H. — Bom in Alexandria, 
 Virginia, September 9, 1812 ; educated at the Hallo- 
 well Academy in that place ; under instructions from 
 his father, acquired the trade of a bricklayer ; in 1835 
 he removed to Maysville, Kentucky, where he studied 
 law ; came to the bar, and practiced his profession ; 
 and in 1845 he was appointed Postmaster of Mays- 
 ville ; in 1849 he was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress, where he servfed through three terms, until 
 1855, acting as Chairman of the Committee on Public 
 Buildings, and taking a leading part in securing the 
 appropriations for the extension of the Capitol, the 
 old dome of which having been removed on a motion 
 that he made. He was also Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Elections, and of several Special Committees ; 
 and when passing down Pennsylvania Avenue with 
 his colleagues, had a habit of pointing out the various 
 houses, the bricks of which had been laid by his own 
 hands. In 1850 he was a Presidential Elector, and a 
 Delegate to the "National Union Convention ; " in 1858 
 he was elected State Attorney for his District ; and in 
 L1868 he was a Delegate to the New York National 
 Convention ; and elected a District Judge, which he 
 held for six years. Subsequently, under the patron- 
 age of the State, he edited the " Revised Statutes of 
 Kentucky," and a " Code of Practice," and wrote 
 several other law books which were popular. 
 
 Stfijiles, William Head. — Bom in Providence, 
 Rhode Island, October 10, 1798 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1817 ; was admitted to the bar in 1819 ; 
 was Associate Judge of the Superior Court of Rhode 
 Island from 1885 to 1854 ; Chief Justice of that court 
 in 1854 and 1856 ; was Secretary and Treasurer of the 
 Rhode Island Society for the encouragement of Do- 
 mestic Industry, from 1856 till his death, and a con- 
 tributor of biographies to its transactions. One of 
 the founders of the Rhode Island Historical Society ; 
 many years its Librarian and Secretary, and was 
 alsoVice-President, and edited its second volume of 
 " Collections ; " contributing to the fifth volume, 
 " Annals of Providence." He also published " Docu- 
 mentary History of the Destruction of the Qaspe " in 
 1845; "Proceedings of the First General Assembly 
 for the Incorporation of Providence Plantations, etc." 
 in 1647. 8vo, in 1847 ; " Rhode Island Book of Forms " 
 in 1859; "History of the State Convention of 
 1790;" "History of the Criminal Law of Rhode 
 Island." "Rhode Island in the Continental Congress 
 from 1705 to 1790;" edited "Gorton's Simplicities 
 Defense " in 1835. Died iu Providence, October 19, 
 1868. 
 
 Stark, Benjamin. — Born in the City of New 
 Orleans, June 26, 1820 ; received an academic educa- 
 tion in New London, Connecticut, and a commercial 
 education in the City of New York. In 1845 he set- 
 tled in Oregon, and established commercial relations 
 with the Sandwich Islands, and with California when 
 a Mexican Province ; in 1850 he abandoned commer- 
 cial pursuits ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1851 ; in 1853 he was a member of the Territorial 
 Legislature of Oregon ; in 1860 of the State Legisla- 
 ture of that State ; and he was a Senator in Congress 
 from Oregon during a part of the years 1861 and 1862, 
 in the Thirty-seventh Congress. In 1845 he erected in 
 Portland, Oregon, his present residence, the first 
 building, which was a log trading-house. He was 
 also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864, 
 and the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Starkweather, David A. — Bom in Connecti- 
 cut ; a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a Rep- 
 resentative" in Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 1841, 
 and again from 1845 to 1847. He was also a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1848. Minister to Chili from 1854 
 to 1857. 
 
 Starkweather, George A. — Born in Connecti- 
 cut, and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the 
 Committee on Accounts. 
 
 Starkweather, Henry H. — He was born in 
 Preston, New London County, Connecticut, April 29, 
 1826 ; adopted the profession of law ; served in the 
 State Legislature; and was a Delegate to the "Chi- 
 cago Convention" of 1860. In 1861 he was appointed 
 Postmaster of Norwich, which he held until 1865, 
 when he \vas re-appointed, but resigned on the acces- 
 sion of President Johnson. He was subsequently 
 made Chairman of the Republican State Committee, 
 and also a member of the National Republican Ex- 
 ecutive Committee ; and in 1867 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Connecticut to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Ex- 
 penditures in the Treasury Department. Re-elected 
 to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, and 
 also to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District 
 of Columbia during the important improvements made 
 in Washington. He died in Washington after a brief 
 illness, January 38, 1876. 
 
 • Starr, John F,— Bom in Philfidelphia in 1818 ; 
 removed to New Jersey in 1844 ; lias been engaged in 
 business pursuits ; and in 1863 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, 
 and that On Public Buildings and Grounds. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Territories, on Public Buildings and 
 Grodnds, and the Postal Railroad to New Yoik. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 St. Clair, Arthur, — Bom in Thurso, Caithness 
 County, Scotland, in 1734 ; educated at the University 
 of Edinburgh ; studied medicine with John Hunter ; 
 inherited a fortune ; came to America in 1758 ; was 
 with Amherst at the capture of Louisburg ; distin- 
 guished himself as a Lieutenant under Wolfe, at 
 Quebec ; resigned from the army in 1762, and in 1764 
 settled in Pennsylvania, where he erected mills. In 
 1770 he was made a District Surveyor and Justice of 
 Common Pleas ; in 1771 appointed to a number of 
 local positions in Westmoreland County ; in 1775 h« 
 became a Colonel of Militia, and went to Fort Pitt to 
 treat with the Indians ; in 1776 ordered to Canada, ac- 
 quitted himself with great ability, rose to the rank of 
 Major-General, and then resigned all his civil offices. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 403 
 
 He at once joined Washiugton, took a leading part in 
 the affairs of Princeton, Ticonderoga, and Brandy- 
 wine ; assisted Sullivan against the Six Nations ; was 
 a Commissioner to arrange a cartel with the British in 
 1780 ; member of the Court Martial which condemned 
 Andre ; and after perfonning many other duties, par- 
 ticipated in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown. 
 Was also a member of the Pennsylvania Council of 
 Censors ; Delegate to Congress in 1785, and chosen 
 President of the same in 1787 ; made a memberof the 
 American Philosophical Society in 1786 ; appointed 
 Governor of the North-west Territory in 1788 ; made 
 an Indian treaty in 1789 ; located the City of Cin- 
 cinnati, and gave it its name ; was appointed General- 
 in-Chief of the army in 1791, but resigned in 1793. 
 He was twice court-martialed, but both times honora- 
 bly vindicated. Spent the latter years of his life in a 
 log cabin ; in 1813 was voted an annuity by Pennsyl- 
 vania ; i-eceived a pension of sixty dollars per month 
 from Congress ; and died at Greensburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, August 31, 1818. He published a narrative of 
 his Campaign of 1791, and a memoir of his life was 
 published by A. T. Goodman. 
 
 Steadman, ,T. U. — He was elected in 1857 Gov- 
 ernment Printer for the House of Representatives. 
 
 Stearns, Asahel. — He was born at Lunenburg, 
 Massachusetts, in 1774 ; graduated at Cambridge 
 University in 1797 ; was educated as a lawyer ; prac- 
 ticed with reputation many years at Chelmsford ; was 
 several years County Attorney for Middlesex County; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts 
 from 1815 to 1817 ; was appointed Professor of Law 
 ai Cambridge in 1817, and continued in the office un- 
 til 18i9, when he resigned. In 1834 he published a 
 volume on " Real Actions," — a learned work. He was 
 afterwards appointed one of the Commissioners for re- 
 vising the statutes of the Commonwealth. After this 
 work was completed his health declined, and he con- 
 tinued very feeble until his decease. He died at Cam- 
 bridge, Massachusetts, February 5, 1839. 
 
 Stebbins, Henry <?. — Was born in the City of 
 New York in 1813 ; received a good education ; was 
 brought up to the business of banking, and has been 
 identified with many of the important financial events 
 and trusts of his native city. He was at one time 
 identified with the Militia of New York, aqd was Col- 
 onel of the Twelfth Regiment. He was one of the 
 Commissioners of the Park, and long President of the 
 Board of Commissioners. He was one of the origi- 
 nators and President of the Dramatic Fund Associa- 
 tion, and an active manager of the New York Acad- 
 emy'of Music. In 1863 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from New Y^ork to the Tliirty-eightli Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. In 
 October. 1864, he resigned his seat in Congress, be- 
 can.se he had declared himself in favor of the War, 
 and therefore supposed that he did not represent the 
 peace principles of his constituents. 
 
 Stedman, William, — He graduated at Harvard 
 LTniversity in 1784 ; was a lawyer of extensive prac- 
 tice ; served in the State Legislature; was for several 
 years Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court in Worces- 
 ter; and was a Representative in Congress from Mas- 
 sachusetts from 1803 to 1810; and died in 1831, at 
 Newburyport, Massachusetts, aged sixty-six years. 
 He came to the bar in 1787, and was in the Legisla- 
 ture in 1802. 
 
 Steele, tTohn. — A Representative in Congress 
 from North Carolina from 1790 to 1793 ; and was one 
 of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government 
 on the Potomac. He was born in Salisbury, Novem- 
 ber 1, 1764, and died August 14, 1815. He was 
 brought up a merchant, but turned his attention to 
 
 agricultural pursuits. He served a number of years 
 in the State Legislature, part of tlie time as Speaker; 
 was a member of the State Convention to consider 
 the Constitution of the United States ; he was, in 
 1806, Commissioner to adjust the boundaries between 
 the States of North and South Carolina ; was a Gen- 
 eral of the Militia ; and held the office of First Comp- 
 troller of the Treasury under Presidents Washington 
 and Adams. On Augnst 14, 1815, he was again elected 
 to the Legislature, but on that day he died. 
 
 Steele, ,Tohn S. — Was born in Delhi, Delaware 
 
 County, New York, March 28. 1814 ; was educated at 
 Delaware Academy and at Williams College, Massa- 
 chusetts; studied law. and came to the bar in 1839; in 
 1841 was appointed District Attorney for Otsego Coun- 
 ty, aftd served his term; in 1847 removed to Kingston, 
 Ulster County, and there pursued his profession ; in 
 1850 was elected Special Judge of that County; and in 
 1860 was elected a Representative from New York to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on tlJb Commit- 
 tees on the District of Columbia, and on Revolution- 
 ary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, again serving on tlie Committed for tlie Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, and on Expenditures in the War 
 Department. He was killed by being thoown from a 
 carriage, in Kingston, New York, September 24, 
 1866. 
 
 Steele, ,Tohn H, — Born in North Carolina in 
 1792 ; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1844 to 
 1846. Died in Peterborough, New Hampshire, July 
 3, 1865. 
 
 Steele, John W, — Born in Maryland ; was a 
 Presidential Elector in 1833 ; and elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 
 1837. 
 
 Steele, William G. — Was born in Somerset 
 Connty, New Jersey, December 17, 1820; educated at 
 the Somerville Academy; entered early into the mer- 
 canrtle business, to which he subsequently added 
 that of banking ; was appointed, for several years, by 
 the Governor of the State, a State Director for the 
 Delawaj-e and Raritan Canal, and the Camden and 
 Amljoy Railroad Company ; was elected Ji Represent- 
 ative, from New Jersey, to the Tliirty-^eventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Select^ Committee ob Army C(m- 
 tracts; and he was re-elected -to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Accouijjts, 
 and Enrolled Bills. He was also a Delegate to the 
 "Chicago Convention" of 1864. 
 
 Steele, Williatn R, — He was born in New York 
 City, July 24, 1842 ; received a good education ; 
 studied law : served in the Army as private and com- 
 missioned officer during the late war, but chiefly as a 
 staff-officer in the Army of the Potomac; was elected 
 to the Legislative Council of Wyoming Territory in 
 1871, and elected to the Forty-third Congress from 
 the Territory of Wyoming, and re-elected to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Steenrod, Lewis, — Born in Virginia, and elected 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1839 to 1845. 
 
 Stenf/er, William S. — Born in London, Frank- 
 lin County, Pennsylvania, aljout the year 1833 ; 
 graduated at Franklin and Marshall College ; studied 
 and adopted the profession of law ; was assistant 
 editor of a newspaper in Charabersburg ; was a can- 
 didate for the State Legislature, but badly defeated ; 
 served for a time as District Attorney for Franklin 
 County ; in stature he is a very small man ; and in 
 1874 he was elected as a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Forty fourth Congress. 
 
404 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Stephen, John. — lie was born in Maryland; 
 received a liberal education, and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; was frequently elected to the State Leg- 
 islature ; served in the Executive Council ; and in 
 1834 he was elected Judge of the Court of Appeals, 
 which position he filled for twenty-one years. Died 
 at Annapolis, June 26, 1844. 
 
 Stephens, Abrahatn P. — Born in New York, 
 and elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Stephens, Alexander H, — Born in Taliaferro 
 County, Georgia, February 11, 1813. He was left 
 an orphan at the age of fourteen, when kind friends, 
 unsolicited, furnished him with the means to obtain 
 an education, all of which he subsequently returned 
 with interest. He prepared himself for college in 
 nine months, and graduated at Franklin College in 
 1833. He studied law, and was admitted to practice 
 in 1834. .After paying his debts, his first earnings 
 were dev'oted to redeeming from the hands of 
 strangers the home of his childhood, which had been 
 sold after his father's death, and upon which he still 
 resides. In 1836 he was elected to the lower house 
 of the State Legislature, where he served five years, 
 devoting himself especially to the internal interests 
 of his native State. In 1839 he was chosen a Dele- 
 gate to the " Commercial Convention " at Charleston, 
 where he is said to have made a deep impression by 
 Ills peculiar eloquence. In 1843 he was elected to 
 the Senate of his State ; and in 1843 he was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from Georgia, to which 
 position he was regularly re-elected to the close of 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress. He has served on many 
 committees, delivered many speeches, and it was 
 while he officiated as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Territories, that the Territories of Minnesota and 
 Oregon were admitted into the Union. He subse- 
 quently became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, 
 and was chosen Vice-President and member of Con- 
 gress of the so-called "Southern Confederacy." He 
 was subsequently confined as a Prisoner of State in 
 Fort Warren, and released by order of President 
 Johnson. In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention," 
 but did not attend its proceedings. In 1866 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress, but not admitted ; and 
 was subsequently re-elected as a Representative to 
 t)ie Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. His 
 "Life and Speeches" were published in one volume, 
 in 1867, edited by Henry Cleveland. 
 
 Stephens, John Lloyd. — Born at Shrewsbury, 
 New Jersey, November 38, 1805 ; graduated at Co- 
 lumbia College in 1833 ; studied at the Litchfield 
 Law School, and practiced in New York City about 
 eight years. From 1884 to 1836 he visited Europe 
 and Egypt, and in 1817 published "Incidents of 
 Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland." In 
 1839 was appointed Special Ambassador to Central 
 America, and on his return published " Incidents of 
 Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan," 
 and in 1843, another work on Yucatan. He was a 
 Director of the Ocean Steam Navigation Company, 
 which established the first American line of traus- 
 Atl antic steamers, and went to Europe as the represent- 
 ative of the Company on the trial trip of its first 
 vessel, the Washington. The latter part of his life 
 was devoted tp the construction of the Panama Rail- 
 road, of which he was President. In 1846 he was a 
 Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 
 New York. 
 
 Stephens, Philander, — Was a member of the 
 House of Representatives in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 
 vania from 1839 to 1833. He died at Springfield, 
 Pennsylvania, July 8, 1843, aged fifty-four years. 
 
 Stephens, William. — He was a citizen of 
 Georgia, and in 1801 he was appointed Judge of the 
 United States District Court for the District of 
 
 Stephenson, Benjamin. — He was a Delegate 
 in Congress, from Illinois Territory from 1814 to 
 1816, when he was appointed Receiver of Public 
 Moneys in Edwardsville, Illinois. 
 
 Stephenson, James. — He was born in Gettys- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1764 ; and, having re- 
 moved to Virginia at an early day, commanded a 
 company in the camjiaign of General St. Clair ; was 
 present at the quelling of the Whisky Insurrection 
 in Pennsylvania, and was promoted to the office of 
 Brigade Inspector. He served for many years as a 
 Delegate to the Virginia Assembly ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 
 1805, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1833 to 1825. 
 He died in August, 1833. 
 
 Stephenson, James S. — He was born in York 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1829 ; and 
 died at Pittsburg, October 17, 1831. 
 
 Stephenson, John O. — He was born in New 
 Hampshire ; removed to Indiana ; and in 1861 he was 
 appointed from that State, Librarian of Congress, 
 serving as such until the appointment of A. R. Spof- 
 ford. 
 
 Steptoe. Edward .Tenner. — Born in Virginia 
 in 1816 ; graduated at \V'est Point, and appointed 
 Lieutenant of Third Artillery in 1837 ; distinguished 
 himself in the Florida War ; was Assistant Instructor 
 of infantry tactics at the Military Academy in 1843 
 and 1843 ; Captain in 1847 ; took command of light 
 battery in Quitman's Division in the valley of Mexi- 
 co ; brevetted Major for gallantry at Cerro Gordo in 
 1847 ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for gallantry at 
 Chepultapec in 1847 ; Major of Nintli Infantry in 1855 ; 
 commanded in the conflict with Indians at the Cas- 
 cades, Washington Territory, in 1856 ; Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Tenth Infantry ; resigned in 1861. Appointed 
 Governor of Utah Territory in 1854 but declined. 
 
 Sterigere,John B. — He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1831; 
 and a member in 1839 of the Committee on Private 
 Land Claims. 
 
 Sterling, Ansel, — He was a native of New Lon- 
 don County, Connecticut, and a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1831 to 1835. 
 
 Sterling, 3£icaJi. — Born at Lyme, Connecticut, 
 in 1781, and graduated at Yale College in 1804; he 
 removed to the State of New York, and was for some 
 years a member of the Legislature ; and a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1831 to 1833. He died at 
 Watertown, New York, April 10, 1844. 
 
 Sterrett, Samuel. — He was a member of the 
 House of Representatives of the United States from 
 Maryland from 1791 to 1893 ; and died at Baltimore, 
 July 13, 1833, aged seventy-seven years. 
 
 Stetson, Charles. — He was born in New Ips- 
 wich, New Hampshire, November 7, 1801 ; was re- 
 moved in 1803 to Hampden, Maine ; graduated at 
 Yale College in 1833 ; studied law, and practiced the 
 profession until 1833, when he moved to the City of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 405 
 
 Bansror. In 1834 he was appointed Judge of the 
 Municipal Court of tliat city ; subsequently held the 
 office of Clerk of all the Judicial Courts for the Coun- 
 ty of Penobscot ; iu 1845 he was elected a member of 
 the Executive Council of the State, and re-elected 
 three years iu succession ; and in 1848 he was elected 
 a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Stetson, Leinuct, — He was born in New York ; 
 bred to the law; served for three years in the Assem- 
 bly of that State ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 184.3 to 1845 from the same State ; was 
 County Judge of Clinton County from 1847 to 1851. 
 
 Stevens, Aaron F, — Born in Derry, New Hamp- 
 shire, August 9, 1819 ; educated at Pinkertou Acad- 
 emy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845, locat- 
 ing at Nashua ; in 1849 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and re-elected; served five years as a 
 State Solicitor ; in 1801 he entered the Volunteer 
 army as Major iu the First New Hampshire Infantry: 
 was promoted iu 1862, and as Colonel served through 
 the war; was wounded at Fort Harrison iu 18G4, and 
 for his gallantry was soon afterwards brevetted a 
 Brigadier-General; and in 1867 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New Hampshire to the Fortieth and 
 Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on 
 Union Prisoners, Revolutionary Claims, Naval Affairs, 
 and Patents. 
 
 Stevens, Bradford y, — He was born in Bosca- 
 
 wen. New Hampshire, January 3, 1813 ; studied one 
 year in Le Petit Seminaire, at Montreal, and graduat- 
 ed at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was an educator 
 bIk years ; removed in 1843 to Bureau County, Illi- 
 nois, where he was active in the promotion of inter- 
 nal improvements ; was Chairman of the Board of 
 Supervisors in 1808 ; and elected to the Forty-second 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures. 
 
 Stevens, Hestor L. — He was born in Lima, Liv- 
 ingston County, New York, in October, 1803; received 
 a good English and classical education ; adopted the 
 profession of law; was for several years connected 
 with the press in Rochester ; and, having taken up 
 his residence in Michigan, was elected a Representa- 
 tive iu Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. 
 Died in Georgetown, District of Columbia, May 7, 
 1864. 
 
 Stevens, Hiram S. — He was elected in 1874 a 
 Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Stevens, Isaac I. — He was born in North Ando- 
 ver, Massachusetts, in 1818 ; graduated at the West 
 Point Military Academy in 1839, and entered the 
 Corps of Engineers, in which service he continued 
 until 1853, when he was appointed Governor and Su- 
 perintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory of 
 Washington. This office he resigned in 1857, having 
 previously been elected a Delegate to Congress from 
 Washington Territory, where he continued until the 
 breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861. As an officer 
 of the army, he was at the seige of Vera Cruz under 
 General Scott ; fought in several subsequent battles : 
 was severely wounded in the final assault upon 
 the City of Mexico, and was twice brevetted for 
 gallant services. He also served for a time as an as- 
 sistant in the Coast Survey Office in Washington City. 
 When Governor of Washington Territory, he trav- 
 eled throughout its whole extent, and as Commis- 
 sioner made many treaties with the Indian tribes. 
 In September, 1861. he was appointed a Brigadier- 
 General in the Volunteer service, and was killed iu 
 battle at Bull Run, Virginia, in 1863. 
 23 
 
 Stevens. ,Tnines, — He was born in Fairfield, 
 Connecticut ; served in Congress as a Representative 
 from that State from 1819 to 1831, voting with the 
 South on the Missouri Compromise ; and in 1832 was 
 appointed Postmaster at Stamford ; he died at that 
 place in April, 1835, aged sixty-seven years. 
 
 Stevens, John L. — He was a citizen of Maine, 
 and in 1870 he was appointed Minister Resident to 
 Paraguay, with credentials for Uraguay also ; and iu 
 1873 he returned to the United States. 
 
 Stevens, Samuel. — He was Governor of Mary- 
 land from 1822 to 1826. 
 
 Stevens, Tltaddeiis. — Born in Caledonia County, 
 Vermont, April 4, 1792, his father having been a sol- 
 dier in the Revolution ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1814 ; during that year removed to Pennsylva- 
 nia ; studied law and taught in an academy at the 
 same time ; in 1816 was admitted to the bar in Adams 
 County ; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature 
 and also in 1834, 1835, 1837, and 1841 ; in 1836 was 
 elected a member of the Convention to revise the 
 State Constitution ; in 1838 was appointed a Canal 
 Commissioner ; in 1842 he removed to Lancaster ; 
 and in 1848 was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Thirty-first Congress, also to the 
 Thirty-second ; and in 1858 was re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh, 
 during which he was Chairman of the Committee on 
 \\'ays and Means, having previously served on 
 various important committees. Iu 1862 he was re- 
 elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, again serving 
 as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, 
 and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on the 
 Pacific Railroad. He was also a Delegate to the 
 " Baltimore Convention " of 1804. Reelected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Appropriations, as a member of the 
 Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as 
 Chairman of the Committees on a Postal Railroad to 
 New York, on Reconstruction, and Free Schools in 
 the District of Columbia. He was a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and 
 was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chair- 
 man of the Special Committee on Reconstruction, and 
 also of that on Appropriations. In 1867 he received 
 from Middlebury College the degree of LL.D. He 
 was also one of the Managers in the Impeachment 
 Trial of President Andrew Johnson. Died in Wash- 
 ington, August 11, 1868. 
 
 Stevenson, Andrew. — He was a native of Cul- 
 pepper County, Virginia, and entered public life in 
 1804 as a member of the State Legislature, where, for 
 several sessions, he was elected Speaker of the House. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from Virginia 
 from 1821 to 1834 ; and for the Twentieth, Twenty- 
 first, and Twenty-second Congresses from 1828 to 
 1834 was Speaker. He was appointed Minister to 
 Great Britain in 1836, and remained there till he was 
 succeeded by Mr. Everett in 1841. After his return 
 to America he devoted himself chiefly to agricultural 
 pursuits, and to the interests of the University of Vir- 
 ginia, of which institution he was Rector at the time 
 of his death. As a friend and neighbor he was much 
 beloved. He died at Blenheim, Albemarle County, 
 Virginia, January 25, 1857, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Stevenson, A. E. — Born in Christian County, 
 Kentucky, October 23, 1835 ; removed to Bloomington, 
 Illinois, when sixteen years of age ; educated at the 
 Illinois Wesleyan University, and at Centre College, 
 Kentucky ; studied law at Bloomington, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at the age of twenty-two ; in 1859 
 removed to Woodford County, and held the office of 
 
406 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Master in Chancery from 1861 to 1865 ; -was elected 
 State's Attorney of tlie Twenty-third Judicial District 
 in 1864, aud held the office four years ; was a candi- 
 date for Presidential Elector on the McClellan ticket 
 in 1864 ; resumed the practice of law in Bloomington, 
 in 1869 ; and in 1874 was elected a Representative of 
 the Forty-fourth Congress from Ulinois. 
 
 Stevenson, Job E. — Bom in Ross County, Ohio; 
 February 10, 1831 ; received a limited education ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; was Solicitor of Chili- 
 cothe from 1859 to 1863 ; was in the State Senate from 
 1863 to 1865, when he removed to Cincinnati ; was 
 selected to pronounce the address over the remains of 
 President Lincoln when they arrived at Columbus ; 
 and was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Mileage, and Elections. Re-elected to the Forty-sec- 
 ond Congress, serving on the Committee on Public 
 Lands. 
 
 Sferensou, John IV, — Born in Richmond, Vir- 
 ginia, and was the son of Andrew Stevenson ; gradu- 
 ated at the University of Virginia ; read law, and set- 
 tled in Covington, Kentucky, in 1841 ; practiced his 
 profession with success ; was elected to the Kentucky 
 Legislature in 1845, 1846, and 1847 ; in 1849 he was 
 elected to the " State Constitutional Convention," in 
 which he took a leading part ; he was a member of 
 the Dfemocratic National Conventions of 1848, 1853, 
 and 1856 ; he was twice a Senatorial Elector ; and 
 was one of the three Commissioners appointed to re- 
 vise the Civil and Criminal Code of Kentucky ; and 
 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gress from that State, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Elections ; he was also re-elected to the 
 Thirty -sixth Congress, serving on the .same committee. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National 
 Union Convention " of 1866, and in 1867 he was elected 
 Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky, and acted as Gov- 
 ernor. In 1871 he entered the United States Senate 
 for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Indian Afiairs, the Judiciary and Appropria- 
 tions. 
 
 Steven Kon, Willi am E, — He was Governor of 
 West Virginia from 1869 to 1871. 
 
 Steivart, Alexfintfer. — He was Judge of the 
 United States for the Territory of Illinois, and held 
 the position until the organization of the State Gov- 
 ernment in 1818. 
 
 Sfewfiff, Aleocnnder T, — Born near Belfast, 
 Ireland, about 1803 ; educated at Trinity College, 
 Dublin ; came to New York City in 1833 ; taught 
 school for a brief period, then established himself as 
 a retail dry goods merchant on Broadway, and ac- 
 quired great wealth. He was nominated by President 
 Grant in 1869 to be Secretary of the United States 
 Treasury, but was found ineligible by the United 
 States Senate. In 1847, during the Irish famine, he 
 chartered a ship, which he filled with provisions and 
 sent as a gift to Ireland. In 1848 he erected his fa- 
 mous marble structure on Chambers Street and Broad- 
 way which was afterwards converted into a wholesale 
 establishment, and the retail business removed to a 
 larger building between Broadway and Fourth Avenue, 
 occupying a whole square. He was one of the Amer- 
 ican Representatives at the Paris Exposition of 1867. 
 
 Sfewnrt, Andrew, — Born in Fayette County, 
 Pennsylvania, in June, 1793 ; he studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1815 ; was soon afterwards 
 elected to the State Legislature, and served three years; 
 he was appointed by President Monroe, District At- 
 torney for Western Pennsylvania ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1831 to 1839 ; from 1831 to 
 
 1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In Congress and out of 
 it, he was ever a warm advocate of what is known as 
 the "American Protective System," and was subse- 
 quently devoted chiefly to the congenial pursuits of 
 agriculture, though paying some attention to the busi- 
 ness of manufacturing. Died at Uniontown, July 16, 
 1873. 
 
 Stewart, Archibald. — He was a Delegate from 
 New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 
 1785 to fill a temporary vacancy. 
 
 Stewart, David, — He was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion, and a Senator in Congress from Maryland from 
 December 6, 1849, to January 13, 1850, by Executive 
 appointment, in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned. 
 He was also a Commissioner of Public Buildings for 
 the District of Columbia. Died in Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, January 6, 1858. 
 
 Sten'art, , Tames, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from North Carolina during the years 1818 
 and 1819. Died in North Carolina in February, 1833, 
 aged fifty-two years. 
 
 Stewart, James A. — He was bom in Dorchester 
 County, Maryland, November 34, 1808 ; received a 
 good education, and studied law ; served in the State 
 Legislature ; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of 
 Maryland ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Maryland to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
 gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Patents. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving on the same committee. 
 
 Stewart, John, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1800 to 1801, for 
 tlie unexpired term of T. Hartley, and was re-elected 
 to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses. 
 
 Stewart, John, — Born in Chatham, Connecticut, 
 in 1795 ; was by occupation a farmer ; served many 
 years in the Connecticut Legislature ; was Judge of 
 Middlesex County Court ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from Connecticut from 1843 to 1845. Died 
 at Chatham, September 16, 1860. 
 
 Stewart, John W, — He was born in Middlebury, 
 Vermont, in 1835 ; and was Governor of that State 
 from 1870 to 1872. 
 
 Stewart, Hobert M, — Born at Truxton, Cortland 
 County, New York, March 12, 1805 ; emigrated when 
 a boy to Kentucky, and in 1838 to Missouri, settling 
 in Buchanan County. He was ten years a member of 
 the State Constitutional Convention of 1845 ; entered 
 the Union Army in 1861, but on account of ill-health 
 resigned. He was also a promoter of railroads. 
 
 Stewart, Thomas E, — He was bom in New 
 
 York City, September 33, 1834 ; received a good edu- 
 cation ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ; in 
 1854 he was elected a Commissioner of Common 
 Schools ; in 1864 and 1865 he was elected a member 
 of the State Assembly, and in 1866 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Afiairs. 
 
 Steivart, Jf'illiam, — He was bom in the town 
 of Mercer, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, September 
 16, 1811 ; was educated at Jefferson College in that 
 State ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 
 1835. He was a member of the State Senate of Penn- 
 sylvania for three years, and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and 
 re-elected to the Thirty-sixth, ser\'ing as a member 
 of the Committees on Expenses in the War Depart- 
 ment, and on Agriculture. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 407 
 
 Stcirarf, It' ill in m M. — Born in Wayne Coun- 
 ty, New York, August 9, 1827 ; removed witli his 
 father to Ohio in 18o5 ; left home in his thirteenth 
 year, and prepared himself for college, chiefly in New 
 York ; entered Yale College in 1848, where he re- 
 mained eighteen months, and then left for the gold 
 fields of California. He spent two years in the min- 
 ing business ; in 18.53 commenced reading law, and 
 during that year was appointed District Attorney for 
 the County of Nevada, and was subsequently elected 
 to the same office ; in 1854, during the absence of the 
 Attorney-General of California, he was appointed to 
 perform the duties of that office ; he next spent about 
 eighteen months practicing his profession in San 
 Francisco ; after that he did the same in Nevada City 
 and Downieville; in 1860 he removed to the then Ter- 
 ritory of Utah (now Nevada) ; served in the Territorial 
 Legislature in 1861 ; was also a member of the " Con- 
 stitutional Convention" held in 1863, and was elected 
 a Senator in Congress from Nevada for the term com- 
 mencing in 1865 and ending in 1869, serving on the 
 Committees on the Judiciary, Public Lands, Pacific 
 Railroad, and Mines and Mming. In 1865 he received 
 from Yale College the degree of Master of Arts. Re- 
 elected for the term ending in 1875, and was Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Railroads. 
 
 Stiles, George P. — He was horn in New York ; 
 removed to Iowa ; and in 1854 was appointed Asso- 
 ciate Judge of the United States Court for Utah. 
 
 Stiles.tTohn D, — Was born in Luzerne County, 
 Pennsylvania, January 15, 1823 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1844 ; in 1853 he was elected District Attorney for 
 Lehigh County, and held the office three years ; he 
 was a Delegate in 1856 to the "National Convention " 
 which nominated Mr. Buchanan for President, and 
 was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress for the 
 unexpired term of his friend, T. B. Cooper, deceased, 
 serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
 In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in 
 the State Department, and Revolutionary Claims. 
 He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " 
 of 1864, to the Philadelphia "National Union Con- 
 vention " of 1866, and also to the New York Demo- 
 cratic Covention of 1868. Re-elected to the Fortieth 
 and Forty-first Congresses. 
 
 Sfile.t, William H. — He was bom in Savannah, 
 Georgia ; received a good education, and adopted the 
 profession of law; in 1833 he was elected Solicitor- 
 General of the Eastern District of the State, which he 
 resigned in 1836 ; he was a Representative in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1843 to 1845 ; and by President 
 Polk he was appointed Chargt- d'Aflfaires to Austria, of 
 which country, after his return, he published a his- 
 tory. He served as a Colonel in the great Rebellion, 
 and died at Savannah on the 20th day of December, 
 1865. 
 
 Stilwell, Thomas X,,— Bom in Stilwell, Butler 
 County, Ohio, August 29, 1830 ; educated at Oxford 
 and College Hill, Ohio ; studied law in that State, 
 and removed to Indiana in 1852, when he was admit- 
 ted to the bar ; in 1836 he was elected to the Legis- 
 lature of Indiana ; was subsequently engaged in the 
 banking business ; served one year as an officer in 
 the war for the Union ; and in 1864 was elected a 
 Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serring on the Committees on Agriculture and 
 Invalid Pensions. In 1867 he was appointed, by Presi- 
 dent Johnson, Minister Resident to Venezuela. He 
 was killed by J. E. Corwin at Anderson, Indiana, Jan- 
 uary 14, 1874. 
 
 St, John, Charles. — He -was bom in Orange 
 
 County, New York, October 8, 1818 ; received a good 
 education ; was a merchant and lumberman ; and 
 elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on Public Lands 
 and the State Department. 
 
 St. John, Daniel B. — Born in Sharon, Litch- 
 field County, Connecticut, October 8, 1808 ; removed 
 to New York ; became a merchant's clerk, and then 
 followed the mercantile business until 1847 ; in 1839 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; served four 
 years as a member of the Board of Supervisors for 
 "Sullivan County ; and was a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirtieth Congress. From 1849 until 
 1855 he had charge of the Bank Department of New 
 York, since which time he has been devoted to agri- 
 cultural pursuits in Newburg, New York. 
 
 St. John, Henry. — He was born in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1843 to 1847. 
 
 St, 'Martin, Louis, — He was born In Louisiana, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Stockton, John P. — Bom in Princeton, New 
 Jersey, August 2, 1825, his father and grandfather 
 having both served in the United States Senate, and 
 his great-grandfather liaving been one of the signers 
 of the Declaration of Indejiendence. He graduated 
 at Princeton College in 1843 ; studied law, was 
 licensed to practice in 1846, and came to the bar in 
 1849. He was appointed by the Legislature of New 
 Jersey to revise the laws of the State ; was for sev- 
 eral years the Reporter in Chancery, and published 
 three volumes, which bear his name ; was appointed, 
 by President Buchanan, in 1858, Minister Resident 
 to Rome, but, on the election of President Lincoln, 
 asked to be recalled ; since which time, until elected 
 a Senator in Congress from New Jersey in 1865, for 
 the term ending in 1871, he has been devoted to his 
 profession. In the Senate he served on the Com- 
 mittee on Pensions. On the question of his right to 
 the seat in the Senate there was a long debate, and he 
 was admitted by the vote of twenty -two to twenty- 
 one, the deciding vote, owing to peculiar circum- 
 stances, having been cast by himself. The question, 
 however, was reconsidered, he withdrew his vote, and 
 then, by a vote of twenty-two to twenty-one. he lost 
 his seat, March 27, 1866. He was re-elected to the 
 Senate in 1869, for the term ending in 1875, .serving 
 in various Committees. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 
 1866. 
 
 Stocliton, Richard. — He was bom in Prince- 
 ton, New Jersey, October 1. 1730 ; graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1748 ; adopted the profession of 
 law and became eminent ; was appointed a Judge, 
 both under the Provincial Government and after the 
 adoption of the Constitution ; he was a Delegate to 
 the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777. and signed 
 the Declaration of Independence. Died February 28, 
 1781. His son, bearing his name, a grandson and 
 great-grandson succeeded him as members of the Fed- 
 eral Congress. 
 
 Stockton, Richard. — Born at Princeton, New 
 Jersey, April 17, 1764, and graduated at Nassau Hall 
 in 1779 : on leaving College he studied law, and was 
 admitted to practice at the age of twenty. In 1792 
 and 1801 he was a Presidential Elector. He was a 
 Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1799, and 
 a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. In 
 1827 he was a Commissioner for settling the boun- 
 dary line between New York and New Jersey. He 
 was eminently distinguished for his talents, was an 
 
408 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 eloquent and profound lawyer, and during more than 
 a quarter of a century was at the head of the bar in 
 New Jersey. He died at Princeton, March 7, 1828. 
 
 Stockton, Mobert Field. — He was born at 
 Princeton, New Jersey, in 1795. Early in life he 
 entered the United States Navy, and actively engaged 
 in some of the most important naval battles during 
 the war of 1813. He commanded the American squad- 
 ron on the coast of Africa, and he was one of the 
 founders of the Colony of Liberia. He was one of 
 the first of our commanders to introduce and apply 
 steam to naval purposes — the famous sloop-of-war 
 Priiiceton having been built under his supervision. 
 When war was declared with Mexico, he was placed 
 in command of our fleet in the Pacific, and performed 
 the duties of Commodore, General, and Governor ; 
 and the foundations of religion, education, and social 
 progress were laid by his instumentality in many of 
 those outposts of our Western world. Soon after his 
 return from the Pacific, he resigned his commission 
 in the Navy, and devoted himself to the internal im- 
 provements of his native State. He was elected United 
 States Senator for the term from 1851 to 1857, but re- 
 signed in 1853, serving as a member of several im- 
 portant Committees. The bill to abolish flogging in 
 the navy was introduced by him. He was also elect- 
 ed a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" in 1861. He 
 was President of the Delaware and Raritan Canal 
 Company from the time he left the Senate until his 
 death, which occurred at Princeton, New Jersey, Oc- 
 tober 7, 1866. 
 
 Stocli'tou, Thomfis. — He was Governor of Dela- 
 ware from 1844 to 1846 ; was Captain of Third .Artil- 
 lery in 1813 ; Major, Forty-second Infantry in 1814 ; 
 resigned in 1835. Died at New Castle, Delaware, 
 March 2, 1846. 
 
 Stoddard, Ebenezer. — Born in West Wood- 
 stock, Connecticut, May 6, 1786, and graduated at 
 Brown University in 1806 ; he was a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and practiced extensively ; had several years 
 been a member of the State Legislature ; and was 
 Lieutenant-Governor of the State for one year. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835, 
 and died at Woodstock, August, 1848. 
 
 Stodda ft,,Tohn T. — He graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1810 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from Maryland from 1833 to 1835, and a member of 
 the Committees on Claims, and the District of Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 Stodderf, Seitjamin. — He was born in Mary- 
 land ; served as a Major during the Revolution ; and 
 was for many years extensively engaged in mercan- 
 tile pursuits in Georgetown, District of Columliia, 
 where one of the streets of the town still bears his 
 name. In May, 1798, he was appointed by President 
 Adams, Secretary of the Navy, and was the first man 
 who served in that capacity ; and although continued 
 in the position \>y President Jefferson, he was super- 
 seded in January, 1803. He subsequently settled in 
 Bladensburg, Maryland, where he died at an ad- 
 vanced age, universally respected for his high char- 
 acter. 
 
 Stoke/i/, Satnurl. — He was born in Ohio ; re- 
 ceived a liberal education ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; served in the State Legislature ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1841 to 
 1843, serving on two prominent Committees. 
 
 Stokes, ,Tohn. — He \Tas a native of North Caro- 
 lina ; served as a Colonel in the Revolution and lost 
 an arm in one of its battles ; in 1790 he was appointed 
 a Judge of the United States District Court for North 
 
 Carolina ; as a mark of respect, one of the Counties of 
 his State was named for him, and he was the brother 
 of M. Stokes, one of the early Governors. Died in 
 Lafayette'ville, North Carolina, October, 1 790. 
 
 Stokes, Montfovd. — Born in North Carolina in 
 1760 ; was for several years Clerk of the Superior Court, 
 and subsequently of the Senate ; in which capacity 
 he became so popular as to be elected to the United 
 States Senate, which honor he declined. He was 
 again elected in 1816 to the same position and served 
 until 1833. In 1826 he went into the General Assem- 
 bly as Senator ; in 1839 into the Commons ; also in 
 1830, when he was elected Governor of the State. In 
 1831 he was appointed by President Jackson, Indian 
 Agent in Arkansas, where he died in 1843. 
 
 Stokes, William 1>. — He was born in Chatham 
 County, North Carolina, September 9, 1814 ; received 
 when young a limited education ; has devoted the 
 most of his life to agricultural pursuits ; served three 
 sessions in the Legislature of Tennessee, twice as a 
 Representative and once as a Senator ; and was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Invalid Pensions. During the Rebellion of 
 1861 he served as a Colonel in the Union army. In 
 
 1865 he was re-elected a Representative from Tennes- 
 see to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not ad- 
 mitted to his seat until near the close of the first 
 session of that Congress, when he was placed on the 
 Committee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, 
 serving on the Committee on Claims, and as Chairman 
 of the Ninth Census. 
 
 Stone, Alexander W. — He was for many years 
 a leading lawyer in Wisconsin ; Chief Justice of the 
 State, and died in Milwaukee, September 14, 1854. 
 
 Stone, Alfred P. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1844 to 1845. By profession 
 he was a merchant ; at one time Treasurer of the 
 State of Ohio ; was appointed, by President Lincoln, 
 a Collector of Internal Revenue ; and died, by taking 
 poison, at Columbus, Ohio, August 2, 1865. 
 
 Stone, David. — Born in Bertie County, North 
 Carolina, February 17, 1770 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1788 ; studied law, and rose to a high posi- 
 tion at the bar. He was four years in the State Legis- 
 lature ; Judge of the Sujireme Court from 1795 to 
 1798 ; a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; 
 a Senator in Congress from 1801 to 1807 ; Governor of 
 North Carolina in 1808 ; and served a second time as 
 United States Senator from 1813 to 1814, which posi- 
 tion he resigned on account of disagreements with 
 his constituents. Died October 7, 1818. 
 
 Stone, Frederick, — He was born in Maryland, 
 his grandfather, Thomas Stone, having been in the 
 Continental Congress, and another ancestor, William 
 Stone, Deputy- Governor of Maryland under Lord Balti- 
 more. He was liberally educated, chiefly in George- 
 town, District of Columbia, and adopted the profession 
 of law ; in 1851 he was tendered the oflSce of Deputy 
 District Attorney for his County, but declined ; in 
 1852 he was appointed by the Legislature one of the 
 Commissioners to revise and simplify the Rules of 
 Reading and Practice in the Courts of Maryland ; in 
 1855 and 1856 he was a member of the State Legis- 
 lature ; was a Delegate to the " State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1864, but declined to accept ; and in 
 
 1866 he was elected a Representative from Maryland 
 to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving 
 on the Committees on Private Land Claims, on Edu- 
 cation and Labor, and District of Columbia. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 409 
 
 Stone, Horatio. — He was born in New England 
 about the year 1810 ; was highly educated, and com- 
 menced active life as a physician in the City of New 
 York. He subsequently turned his attention to the 
 art of sculpture, and removed, in 1846, to the City of 
 Washington. He was a man of rare culture in all 
 matters appertaining to art and literature, and was a 
 frequent writer of verses for the press ; received 
 commissions from tlie General Government to execute 
 statues of John Hancock, Alexander Hamilton, R. B. 
 Taney, and Thomas H. Benton, all of which have 
 been pronounced works of rare merit ; first visited 
 Europe in 1856 ; and having gone to Italy, on a 
 second professional visit in 1874, he was taken ill 
 there in August, 1875, and died a few weeks after- 
 wards at Carrara, whence he was soon expecting to 
 return home with the last of his beautiful productions. 
 
 Stone, tTanies. — Born in Kentucky, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 
 to 1845. 
 
 Stone, fjamefi V. — Born in Kentucky in 1813, 
 and died October 13, 1854. He was a ftepresentative 
 in Congress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1851 
 to 1853. 
 
 Stone, John ITasJcins. — He was, while quite 
 young, the first Captain in Smallwood's regiment, at 
 an early period of the Revolutionary war ; became Col- 
 onel in 1776, but resigned in 1779 ; distinguished 
 himself at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, 
 Princeton and Qermantown, in the last of which he 
 received a wound which disabled him from further 
 service. In 1781 he was a clerk in the office of R. R. 
 Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs ; was subse- 
 quently a member of the Executive Council of Mary- 
 laud, and Governor of the State from 1794 to 1797. 
 Died in Annapolis, October 5, 1804. 
 
 Stone, Michael. — He was bom in Charles 
 County, Maryland, about the year 1750, and died in 
 1813. He was a Representative in Congress from his 
 native State from 1789 to 1791 ; and was subsequently 
 for many years Judge of the Charles County Court. 
 He was one of those who voted for locating the seat 
 of Government on the Potomac. He was the brother 
 of Thomas Stone. 
 
 Stone, Thomas, — Born at Pointon Manor, Charles 
 County, Maryland, in 1743 ; received a liberal educa- 
 tion and adopted the profession of law ; early joined 
 the patriots of the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and in 1784 
 and 1785 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence ; in 1778 he was chosen to the Maryland Legis- 
 lature ; was elected a Delegate to the Convention 
 which framed the Federal Constitution, but declined 
 to serve ; and died October 5, 1787. 
 
 Stone, William, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1838 to 1839. 
 
 Sfone, If'illiam II. — He was born in Shawan- 
 
 gtmk, New York, November 7, 1838 ; received a good 
 education ; removed to St. Louis in 1848, and resided 
 there as an iron manufacturer ; was President of 
 " The St. Louis Hot-pressed Nut and Bolt Company;" 
 was a member of tlie Assembly ; of the St. Louis 
 Board of Water Commissioners ; and was elected to 
 the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Congresses, ser\ing 
 on the Committee on Railroads and Canals. In De- 
 cember, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Com- 
 mittees on Manufactures, and on Expenditures in the 
 Post-Otfice Department. 
 
 Stone, William M. — He was Governor of Iowa 
 
 from 1864 to 1868. 
 
 Stover, liellaini/. — He was bom in Portland, 
 Maine, about the year 1798 ; graduated at Bowdoin 
 College, from which he subsequently received the de- 
 gree of LL.D. ; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, when 
 twenty -one years of age : studied law, and practiced 
 the profession ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from Ohio from 1835 to 1837 ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1844 ; since which time he has served three 
 terms as a Judge of the Superior Court in the District 
 of Cincinnati. He is also a Professor in the Cincin- 
 nati Law College. Died in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1, / 
 1875. He took an interest in religious affairs, and at / 
 the time of his death was Vice-President of the Eva^ 
 gelical Alliance. / 
 
 Stover, Clement. — He was born in 1760, and 
 died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 33, 
 1830. He was a United States Senator from New 
 Hampshire from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Storm, John li. — He was born in Monroe Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1838 ; graduated at 
 Dickinson College in July, 1861 ; studied law and ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1863 ; was appointed Superinten- 
 dent of Public Schools in 1863 ; and was elected to 
 the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving 
 on the Committees on the Militia, Education and La- 
 bor, and National Monument. 
 
 Stows, Henri/ S. — Born in Middletown, Con- 
 necticut, in 1787. He graduated at Yale College in 
 1804 ; practiced law some years at LTtica, New York ; 
 and during his residence there was a Representative y 
 in Congress from 1819 to 1831. and from 1833 to 1831. ,'V 
 He afterwards established himself in the City of New 
 York, where he soon became a very eminent practi- 
 tioner in his profession. He was possessed of exten- 
 sive and various acquirements, uncommon powers of 
 discrimination, great logical exactness, and a ready 
 and powerful elocution ; and as a debater in Congress 
 he stood conspicuous in the first rank. He died July 
 39, 1837, at New Haven. 
 
 Sfovm, IVilliam X. — He was born in Middle- 
 town, Connecticut, March 35, 1795 ; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1814 ; adopted the law as a profession ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut 
 from 1839 to 1833, and again from 1839 to 1840 ; was 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut from 
 1840 to 1856 ; and Chief Justice from 1856 until his 
 death, which occurred at Hartford, June 25, 1861. He 
 was also Professor of Law in Yale College in 1846 
 and 1847. 
 
 Story, Joseph. — Bom in Marblehead, Massachu- 
 setts, September 18, 1779. He graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1798 ; studied law ; was a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1805, and elected Speaker ; and 
 during the years 1808 and 1809 he was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress. In 1811 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Madison a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 L^nited States, which office he held until his death. 
 He acquired a large fortune from his practice as a 
 la^\-yer, and it is said that his income from the sale of 
 his legal writings, which are numerous and of the 
 highest order, numbering twenty-seven volumes, 
 with thirty-four volumes of Decisions, has amounted 
 to ten thousand dollars per annum. In 1830 he was 
 appointed Dane Professor in the Law School of Har- 
 vard University, and subsequently published his 
 "Commentaries on the Constitution of the United 
 States." In early life he was a writer of poetry, and 
 in his later years was considered, even in England, 
 " the first of living writers on law." He received 
 the degree of LL.D. from the Colleges of Harvard, 
 Brown, and Dartmouth, He died in Cambridge, Sep- 
 tember 10, 1845. His Life was published by his son, 
 I W. W. Story, in 1851. 
 
410 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 StOVj), IFiUiain, — He was an early emigrant to 
 Arkansas, and was appointed an Associate Justice of 
 the United States Court for that Territory. 
 
 StontfMoil, Williain X. — Born in New York, 
 March 20, 1827 ; studied law, and on coming: to the 
 bar, settled in Sturges, Michigan, in 1851 ; from 1806 
 to iSGO he was Prosecuting- Attorney ; in 1801 was 
 appointed by President Lincoln United States District 
 Attorney for Michigan, which he soon resigned ; en- 
 tered the Volunteer Army as Lieutenant-Colonel ; 
 was promoted Colonel, and commanded in all the 
 operations of his regiment until wounded at Atlanta; 
 during the war he was brevetted a Brigadier-General 
 for " gallantry on the field," and after the war was 
 brevetted a Major-Geueral ; he had the credit of firing 
 the last gun at Chickamauga ; commanded a brigade 
 at Mission Ridge and in the Atlanta campaign ; lost 
 a leg by a cannon ball at Rupps' Station, in front of 
 Atlanta ; in 1866 he was elected Attorney-General of 
 Michigan ; and in 1868 a Representative from that 
 State to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees ou Military Affairs and Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions. Re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, 
 serving on important Committees. 
 
 Stout, Jacob.^WhWe holding the position of 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Delaware in 1820, he was made 
 Acting Governor of that State, serving one year. 
 
 Stout, Lansing, — Born in Panielia, New York, 
 March 27, 1828 ; received a limited education, and 
 commenced active life by working on a farm and 
 teaching school ; became a Superintendent of public 
 schools, and studied law ; went to California in 1851, 
 and in 1856 was elected to the California Legislature; 
 in 1857 he went to Oregon and turned his attention 
 to the practice of law ; and in 1858 he was elected 
 Judge of Multnomah County; and before the close 
 of that year was elected a Representative from Ore- 
 gon to tlie Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Expenses in the State De- 
 partment, and of the Special Committee of Thirty- 
 three on the Rebellious States. Subsequently served 
 in the State Legislature, and died in 1870. 
 
 Stover, John II. — Born in Aaronsburg, Center 
 County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1833 ; received a 
 good English -education; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1837 ; in 1858 he was chosen District At- 
 torney for Center County ; in 1861 he entered the 
 Volunteer Army as a private ; was at once made a 
 Captain ; served as Major of the 106th regiment of 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers until 1864 ; as Colonel of the 
 184th regiment until the close of the war ; and hav- 
 ing participated in the battle of Yorktown. the Seven 
 Days' battles, and those of Fredericksburg, Antietam, 
 Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, and was present at 
 the final surrender of the rebel forces. He was 
 several times honorably mentioned by his superiors 
 in command. After the war he removed to Missouri, 
 and was elected a Representative from that State to 
 the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. 
 W. McClurg, serving on the Committee on Elections. 
 
 Stow, Silns. — -He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1811 to 1813. 
 
 Stowefl, William H. H.—He was born inWind- 
 sor, Vermont, July 26, 1840; educated at the high 
 schools of Boston ; engaged in mercantile business, 
 and settled in Virginia in 1865 ; was appointed Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenue for tlie Fourth District in 
 1869 ; elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and 
 Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee 
 on Post-Oifices and Post-Roads. 
 
 Stowei; John G. — He was a Representative in 
 
 Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and was 
 a State Senator from Madison County in 1833 and 
 1834. 
 
 Strader, Otto. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Louisiana, and in 1806 he was appointed a Judge of 
 the United States District Court for the District of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Strader, P. W. —He was born in Warren, New 
 Jersey, November 6, 1818 ; removed to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, with his parents in 1819, going down the great 
 river in a flat-boat; spent tliree years of his boyhood 
 in a printing-office : served as a clerk in Easton, 
 Pennsylvania, but returned to Ohio in 1835; from 
 that year until 1848, he served as a clerk and an 
 engineer on the steamboats of the Ohio ; was a gener- 
 al ticket agent for the Little Miami Railroad for many 
 years, resigning the position in 1807 ; and in 1868 he 
 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committees on Coins, 
 Weights and Measures, and Interior Department. 
 
 Strait, Horace S. — He was born in Potter 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1835 ; received a 
 good education ; removed to Indiana in 1864, and to 
 Minnesota in 1855 ; entered the Army in 1862 as Cap- 
 tain of Infantry ; was promoted, serving at the 
 close of tlie war as Inspector-General on the staff of 
 General McArthur ; was elected Mayor of Shakopee 
 in 1870, and re-elected in 1871 and 1872 ; was one of 
 the Trustees of the Minnesota Hospital for the Insane; 
 was engaged in manufacturing and banking business, 
 and was President of the First National Bank of Sha- 
 kopee ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress and 
 re-elected to the Forty-fourth, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Weights and Measures and Public Build- 
 ings. 
 
 Stranahan, J. S. T, — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Strange, Robert. — ^Born in Virginia, September 
 20, 1796; educated at Hampden Sidney College; 
 studied law, and removed to North Carolina, where 
 he took high position in his profession ; he served a 
 ntimber of years in the State Legislature ; was elected 
 in 1826 a Judge of the Superior Court ; and held the 
 office until he was elected a Senator of the United 
 States from 1836 to 1841, but resigned his seat in 
 1840, having received from his State instructions in- 
 compatible with his ideas of duty. He was subse- 
 quently appointed Solicitor for the Fifth Judicial 
 District of the State, and, toward the close of his life, 
 was wholly devoted to his profession. He was the 
 author of a novel, printed for private circulation, en- 
 titled " Eoneguski ; or, the Cherokee Chief." He died 
 in 1854. 
 
 Stratton, Charles C. — Born in New Jersey in 
 1796 ; was an active politician ; served a number of 
 years in the State Legislature ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1837 to 1839, 
 and again from 1841 to 1843. He was also a member 
 of the " Constitutional Convention " of 1844, and 
 Governor of New Jersey from 1844 to 1848 ; 
 after which he retired to his farm in Gloucester 
 County, where he died, March 30, 1859. He was a 
 candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, 
 and, although he appeared with the broad seal of his 
 State, he was not admitted. 
 
 Stratton, John. — He was a Representative ia 
 Congress from Virginia from 1801 to 1803. 
 
 Stratton, John L. jV.— Born in Mount Holly, 
 New Jersey, in 1817 ; graduated at Princeton College 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 411 
 
 in 1836 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1839 ; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative 
 from New Jersey to tlie Tliirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
 ing as a member of the Committee on Elections, and 
 the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel- 
 lious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Ways and 
 Means, and on National Armories. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Convention " 
 of 1866. 
 
 Stratton, Nathan T, — Born in New Jersey, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1851 to 1855. 
 
 Sfraitb, Christian 31. — Born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative iu Congress from that 
 State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Strawbridge, James D. — He was born iu 
 Montour County, Pennsylvania, in 1824 ; received a 
 good eduoation at Princeton College, graduating in 
 1844; graduated iu medicine at the University of 
 Pennsylvania in 1847 ; practiced medicine at Danville; 
 entered the Army as a Brigade-Surgeon of Volunteers 
 and -served throughout the war; was captured while 
 Medical Director of the Eighteenth Army Corps in 
 front of Richmond, and remained three months in 
 Libby Prison ; resumed the practice of medicine after 
 the clo.se of the war ; and he was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress from Pennsylvania, serving on 
 the Committees on Civil Service and Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Street, Mandall S, — He was born in Catskill, 
 New York, in 1780 ; and, after receiving a good edu- 
 cation, studied law and settled iu the practice of the 
 profession at Poughkeepsie. In 1810 he was ap- 
 pointed District Attorney for the State, and re-ap- 
 ]iiiintcd in 1813, but soon afterwards as Major and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, .served in the army during the 
 war with England. He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1819 to 1821, and occu- 
 pied a high position as such ; he was also promoted 
 to the rank of General of the Militia. In 1823 he 
 removed to Monticello, in Sullivan County, where he 
 continued to reside, in the practice of his profession, 
 until his death, which occurred in 1841. He was the 
 father of the gifted jioet Alfred B. Street, and a re- 
 lation also of Augustus R. Street, who founded the 
 Fine Art Gallery of Yale College. 
 
 Streeter, F. B. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 and in 1854 he was appointed from that State Solici- 
 tor of the United States Treasury, remaining in oiBce 
 until 1857. 
 
 Strickland, O, F. — He was an early emigrant to 
 Utah, and he was appointed an Associate Justice of 
 the United States Court for that Territory. 
 
 StricJcland, Handolph. — Bom in Danville, 
 Steuben County, New York, February 4, 1823 ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education, and engaged in 
 teaching ; removed to Michigan in 1844 ; and studied 
 law ; came to the bar in 1849 ; was Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney for Clinton County in 1852, 1854, 1856, 1858, 1862 ; 
 was elected to the State Senate in 1861 and 1862 ; 
 was a Provost Marshal from 1863 to 1865 ; member of 
 the State Republican Committee ; Delegate to the 
 National Conventions of 1856 and 1868 ; and was 
 elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid 
 Pensions, and Mines and Mining. 
 
 St r ohm, 'John. — He was bom October 16, 1793, 
 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in what is now 
 Fulton Township ; received a common-school educa 
 tion, and taught school for six years. In 1831 he was 
 
 elected a member in the Legislature of his na- 
 tive State, serving three sessions in the House and 
 eight in the Senate, and during one term as Speaker. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 
 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalist's Con- 
 vention " of 1866. 
 
 Strong, Caleb. — Born in Northampton, Massa- 
 chusetts, January, 1745, and graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1764. In consequence of poor health he did 
 not commence the practice of law for eight years af- 
 terwards. He spent his lite at Northampton, where 
 his paternal ancestors had lived from the year 1659. 
 In 1775 he was a member of the Committee of Safe- 
 ty ; and in 1780 he was chosen one of the Council of 
 Massachusetts. In 1779 he assisted in forming the 
 Constitution of that State ; and in 1787 he also assist- 
 ed in forming the Constitution of the United States, 
 but did not sign that instrument. From 1789 to 1797 
 he was a Senator in Congress, and from 1800 to 1807 
 he was Governor of the State ; also from 1812 to 
 1816 ; and a Presidential Elector in 1809. Governor 
 Strong was a man of unimpeachable moral character, 
 and he possessed a vigorous and well-cultivated mind. 
 He died November 7, 1819. 
 
 Strong, James. — He was bom in Windham, 
 Connecticut, in 1783, and graduated at the University 
 of Vermont in 1806 ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1819 to 1821 ; and again 
 from 1823 to 1831. He died in Chester, New Jersey, 
 August 8, 1847. 
 
 Strong, Jedediah. — He was a Delegate from 
 Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 
 1784. 
 
 Strong, Julius L. — Born in Bolton, County of 
 Tolland, Connecticut, November 8, 1828 ; went 
 through a course of studies at Union College, but did 
 not graduate, and attended the Law School at Balls- 
 ton in New York ; studied law, came to the bar in 
 1853, and settled in Hartford ; was a member of the 
 Connecticut Legislature for two years ; and in 1869 
 he was elected a Representative from Connecticut to 
 the Forty-first Congress ; and re-elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress. Died in Hartford, Connecticut, 
 September 7, 1872. 
 
 Strong, Selah S. — He was born in Brookhaven, 
 Long Island, May 1, 1792 ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1811 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 
 1814 ; was at one time Attorney for Suffolk County ; 
 a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; and 
 was appointed in 1847 a Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of New York. 
 
 Strong, Simeon. — Bom in Northampton, March 
 6, 1736 ; graduated at Yale College in 1756 ; was 
 tutor in that institution from 1757 to 1760 ; Minister 
 of Simsbury, now Qranby, from 1761 to 1768. He 
 published " Astronomy Improved," in 1784. 
 
 Strong, Solomon. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1819. He 
 was also a member of the State Legislature in 1813, 
 1813, 1843, and 1844 ; Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas from 1818 to 1842 ; and died September 16, 
 1850, aged seventy-one years. 
 
 Strong, Stephen. — He was born in Connecticut, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Strong, Theron H. — ^He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; served in the Assembly of New York from 
 
413 
 
 BIOGRAPniCAL ANNALS. 
 
 Wayne County, in 1843 ; and was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Strong, William. — He was born in Windham 
 County, Connecticut, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Vermont from 1811 to 1815, and again 
 from 1819 to 1821. lie was also a Slierifi for eight 
 years in Hartford County ; Judge of the same Coun- 
 ty ; and member of the State Legislature for eight 
 years. 
 
 Strouff, William. — Born in Somers, Tolland 
 County, Connecticut, May 6, 1808. Educated at Plain- 
 field Academy and at Yale College. After graduating, 
 in 1828, he taught school in Connecticut and in New 
 Jersey, meanwhile .studying law ; was admitted to 
 the bar in Philadelphia in 1832, and soon after began 
 to practice law in Reading, Berks County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, lie was elected from Pennsylvania to the 
 Thirtieth and to the Thirty-first Congresses. Upon 
 retiring from Congress he resumed his profession, 
 and continued in the practice untQ 1857, when he 
 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Penn- 
 sylvania for fifteen years. Resigned that position in 
 1868 and returued to the bar ; aud in 1870 he was 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States. lu 1867 he received from La- 
 fayette College the degree of LL.D. , and the same 
 honor from Yale College and the College of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 Strong, William, — He was born in Vermont, 
 was an early emigrant to the Territory of Washing- 
 ton, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 United States for the Territory of Washington. 
 
 Sfrof/ier, George F. — He was a native of Cul- 
 pepper County, Virginia, a lawyer by profession, and 
 a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1817 
 to 1820, when he was appointed Receiver of Public 
 Moneys at St. Louis, Missouri. 
 
 StrotUer. .Tames F. — He was born in Culpep- 
 per County, Virginia, September 4, 1811 ; received a 
 collegiate education, and adopted the profession of 
 law. He served ten years in the Legislature of Vir- 
 ginia, having occupied the chair of Speaker during 
 the sessions of 1847 and 1848. He was a member in 
 1850 of the Convention which formed the present 
 Constitution of the State ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from 1851 to 1853. Died in Culpepper 
 County, September 20, 1860. 
 
 Stroud, George McDowell. — He was born in 
 Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1795 ; grad- 
 uated at New Jersey College in 1817 ; was many years 
 Judge of the District Court of Philadelphia. Pub- 
 lished " Sketch of the Laws relative to Slavery in 
 several of the States," in 1827 and 1856 ; also pam- 
 phlets and articles in the Law Register, etc. 
 
 Strouse, Myer.—'Wa.s born in Germany, Decem- 
 ber 16, 1825; came with his father to the United 
 States in 1832, and settled in Pottsville, Pennsyl- 
 vania; received an academic education and studied 
 law ; from 1848 to 18.52 he edited a newspaper in 
 Philadelphia called the North Ameriean Parmer, 
 after which he devoted himself to the practice of his 
 profession ; and in 1862 he was elected a Repesent- 
 ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Territories, Expenses in the In- 
 terior Department, and Mines and Mining. 
 
 Stuart, Alexander. — In 1809 he was ap 
 pointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Illinois, and in 1814 he 
 was transferred to a similar position in the Territory 
 of Missouri. 
 
 Stuart, Alexander H, H. — He was born in 
 Staunton, Virginia, April 8, 1807 ; his early educa- 
 tion was received at the Stauntion Academy, and in 
 1824 he spent one session at William and Mary Col- 
 lege ; he then commenced the study of law, which 
 he finished at the University of Virginia, in 1828, and 
 was admitted to practice in Staunton in that year. 
 His political career began as a member of the 
 " Young Men's Convention " in Washington, in 1832. 
 In 1836 he was elected a member of the House of 
 Delegates, of Virginia, from t!ie County of Augusta, 
 and was re-elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1839 he de- 
 clined a re-election, and pursued the practice of law. 
 He took an active part in the canvass of 1840 for 
 President Harrison. In 1841 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Virginia, and served 
 till 1843. In 1844 he delivered the annual address 
 before the American Institute in New York City. He 
 was Presidential Elector on the Clay ticket in 1844, 
 having been, from the outset of life, a devoted per- 
 sonal friend of that statesman. He was also a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1848. In 18.50 he was invited, by 
 President Fillmore, to fill the office of Secretary of the 
 Interior, which he held until 1853, and then returned 
 to his profession in Staunton. In 1856 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Convention which nominated Mr. Fillmore. 
 In 1857 was elected to the State Senate of Virginia 
 for four years, and devoted himself especially to the 
 subject of internal improvements. He was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con- 
 gress" in 1866. 
 
 Stuart, Andrew. — Born in Pennsylvania; and 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Stuart, Archibald. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Stuart, Charles E. — He was born in Columbia 
 County, New York, November 25, 1810, and adopted 
 the profession of law. He was a member of the 
 Michigan Legislature in 1842 ; a Representative in 
 the Thirtieth and Thirty-second Congresses ; and 
 was elected in 18.53, for six years, a Senator in Con- 
 gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Pub- 
 lic Lands. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia " National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Stuart, David, — He was born in New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Michigan 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Stuart, John T, — Was born in Fayette County, 
 Kentucky, November 10, 1807 : graduated at the Cen- 
 tre College. Danville, in 1826 ; and, having studied 
 law, settled in Illinois, where he has since practiced 
 his profession. In 1832 and 1834 he was a member 
 of the Illinois Legislature ; he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Illinois, to the Twenty-sixth and 
 Twenty-seventh Congresses, serving on the Commit- 
 tee on Territories. In 1848 he was elected to the 
 State Senate, serving four years ; and in 1862 he was 
 re-elected a Representative to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Afiairs. 
 
 Stuart, Philip, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1811 to 1819. 
 
 Strudwiclc, Tr/WmwE.— He was a Represent- Sturgeon, Daniel.— Ue was born in Pennsyl- 
 ative in Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1797. vania, October 27, 1789 ; was a Senator in Congress 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 413 
 
 from Pennsylvania from 1840 to 1851, serving on a 
 great variety of committees ; and in 1853 was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce, Treasurer at Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Sturges, tToJm, — He was born in New Jersey 
 in 1805 ; educated for the legal profession ; besides 
 holding many minor offices in New Durham, he was 
 a member of the Board of Freeholders, and from 1803 
 to 1873 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 New Jersey. Died in New Durham, April 26, 1875. 
 
 Sturgis, Jonathan. — Born at Fairfield, Con- 
 necticut, August 38, 1740 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1759, and became a lawyer. In 1775 he was 
 chosen a Delegate to ('ougress; he espoused and sup- 
 ported the cause of Independence, and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from 1789 to 1793, when he 
 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Con- 
 necticut, and continued in the office until 1805. He 
 was also a Presidential Elector in 1797 and 1805 ; 
 and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him liy 
 Yale College. He died at Fairfield, October 4, 1819. 
 The prominent merchant of New York, bearing the 
 same name, was his grandson. 
 
 Sturgis, Lewin Burr. — Born in Fairfield, Con- 
 necticut, in 1763, and graduated at Yale College in 
 1783. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 Connecticut from 1805 to 1817 ; and sul)sequently 
 emigrated to tlie State of Ohio. He died in Norwalk, 
 Ohio, March 30, 1844. 
 
 Sullirnn, George. — He was bom in Durham, 
 
 New Hampshire, in 1772 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1790, and commenced in early life the 
 practice of law in Exeter, which he continued for 
 more than forty years, and acquired a high reputa- 
 tion. He was a Representative in the General Court 
 in 1805 and 1813 ; a Representative in Congress in 
 1811 and 1813 ; and a member of the State Senate in 
 1814 and 1815. He was twenty-one years Attomey- 
 Gfeneral of the State, which office he resigned in 
 1836. He died in Exeter, June 14, 1838, highly 
 esteemed for his talents and public usefulness. 
 
 SiilfU-an, .Tames. — Born in Berwick, Massa- 
 jhusetts (now Maine), April 23, 1744 ; was educated 
 by his father ; he was a lawyer jjy profession ; 
 settled at Biddeford, and was King's Attorney for the 
 County of York. He took an active part on the side 
 3f his country during the Revolution. In 1775 he 
 was a member of the Provincial Congress, and in 1776 
 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court ; was a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1783 ; a 
 memljer of the Executive Council, and Judge of Pro- 
 bate. In 1790 was appointed Attorney-General, which 
 office he retained till 1807, when he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of the State. He was the author of a " History 
 Df Maine;" a "Dissertation on Banks, and on the 
 Suability of States;" "History of Land Titles in 
 Massachusetts;" a "Dissertation on the Constitu- 
 tional Liberty of the Press," and a " History of the 
 Penobscot Indians." Died December 10, 1808. Had 
 the title of LL.D. 
 
 Sullivan, John. — Bom in Massachusetts, Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1740 ; and died in New Hampshire, Janu- 
 ary 23, 1795. He settled as a lawyer in that State ; 
 attained the rank of Major-General in the Revolu- 
 tionary army ; was captured at the battle of Long 
 Island, and commanded a division at Trenton, Bran- 
 dywine, and Germantown, and also an expedition 
 against the Indians. He was a Delegate from New 
 Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 
 1775, and again in 1780 and 1781 ; three years Presi- 
 ieut of New Hampshire ; and in 1789 he was ap- 
 
 pointed a Judge of the District Court, which office he 
 held until his death. 
 
 Sullivan, Peter J.—Ke was a citizen of Ohio, 
 and from 1867 to 1869, held the position of Minister 
 Resident to Colombia. In 1868, in concert with Caleb 
 Gushing, he was instructed to negotiate a treaty with 
 that country for a Ship Canal across the Isthmus. 
 
 Summers, George W. — He was bom in Fair- 
 fax County, Virginia, near Alexandria, but has lived 
 from infancy in Kanawha County, in the western 
 part of the State. He was educated for the legal 
 profession, and came to the bar in 1837. In 1830 he 
 was elected a member of the House of Delegates, and 
 continued to represent Kanawha County in the Legis- 
 lature for several years. He was elected to the House 
 of Representatives in the spring of 1841, and re- 
 elected in 1843, serving throughout the twenty- 
 seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In 1850 he 
 was elected a member of the State Convention which 
 framed the present Constitution of Virginia. In 1851 
 he was unanimously nominated as the Whig candidate 
 for Governor at the first election of the Governor by 
 the people, that officer having been previously chosen 
 by the Legislature, but was defeated. In May, 1852, 
 he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Cir- 
 cuit in Virginia, and having served in that capacity 
 for six years, he resigned his office, July 1, 1858, there 
 being two years of the term for which he had been 
 elected unexpired. He has of late devoted himself to 
 agriculture and the practice of law, and was a Dele- 
 gate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. 
 
 Sumner, diaries. — Was bora in Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, January 6, 1811 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1830 ; spent the three following years at 
 the Cambridge Law School ; had the editorial charge 
 for three years of the Amcricnn Jurist ; was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1834, and settled in Boston ; was 
 subsequently the Reporter of the United States Cir- 
 cuit Court, and published three volumes, which now 
 bear his name ; was for three winters a teacher at 
 the Cambridge Law School ; soon afterwards edited 
 " Dunlap's Treatise on Admiralty Practice;" and 
 about this time declined a Professorship tendered to 
 him by his Alma Mater. In 1837 he visited Europe, 
 was received with marked attention in England, and 
 remained abroad until 1840. During the years 1844 
 to 1846 he produced an edition of " Vesey's Reports," 
 in twenty volumes ; from that time onward he fre- 
 quently appeared in public as a speaker on various 
 philanthropic and literary subjects, and two volumes 
 of his orations were published in 1850. In 1851 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from Massachu- 
 setts ; in 1856, for words uttered in debate on the 
 subject of Slavery, he was assaulted at his desk in 
 the Senate Chamber, by Preston S. Brooks, a Repre- 
 sentative from South Carolina, from the effects of 
 which his health suffered, and he again visited Eu- 
 rope, having been, just before his departure, re-elected 
 for a second tenn to the Senate. In 1853 he published 
 a work on " White Slavery in the Barbary States," 
 and in 1856 a volume of " Speeches and Addresses." 
 In 1863 he was re-elected to the Senate for the third 
 term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Foreign Relations, and on several other 
 important committees ; and was also a member of the 
 National Committee appointed to accompany the re- 
 mains of President Lincoln to Dlinois. He was also 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. Died in Washington, March 11, 1874. 
 
 Sumner, Increase. — Bom in Roxbnry, Massa- 
 chusetts, November 37, 1746 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1767 ; taught school at Roxbury two 
 years ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1770, and commenced practice in Roxbury, became 
 
4U 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 successful, and received the degree of LL.D. ; he was 
 a State Representative from 1776 to 1780 ; a Senator 
 from 1780 to 1783, and an Associate Judge of the Su- 
 preme Judicial Court from 1783 to 1797 ; member of 
 the State Constitutional Convention in 1779 ; and in 
 1789 a member of the Convention for the adoption of 
 the Federal Constitution ; and was Governor of Mas- 
 sachusetts from 1797 to 1799. Died June 7, 1799. 
 
 Sumter, Tlioinas.—A distinguished soldier of 
 the American Revolution ; was a citizen of South 
 Carolina ; and was promoted by Governor Rutledge, 
 in 1780, from the office of Colonel to that of Brigadier- 
 General. For his services he received the thanks of 
 Congress, and the applause of his country. He was 
 a Representative in Congress from South Carolina 
 from 1789 to 1793, and was one of those who voted 
 for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac ; 
 and in 1801 he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
 serving until 1809, when he was appointed Minister 
 to Brazil. After spending two years abroad, here- 
 turned home and was reelected to the Senate. He 
 died suddenly, June 1, 1833, aged ninety-seven, at 
 Strasburg. The naming of Fort Sumter was a tribute 
 to his memory. 
 
 Sumter, Thomas D.— Born in Pennsylvania, 
 and elected a Representative in Congress from South 
 Carolina from 1840 to 1843. 
 
 Sutherland, Jabez G.—He was born in Onon- 
 daga County, New York, October 6, 1833 ; removed 
 with his fatlier to Michigan in 1836 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1848 ; in 1849 he settled in Sagi- 
 naw City, and was made Prosecuting Attorney for 
 that County ; was a Delegate to the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1850. In 1853 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature; during the next ten years, was 
 wholly devoted to the practice of his profession ; in 
 1858 he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate 
 for the office of Attorney-General ; in 1863 he was 
 elected Circuit Judge of the Tenth Circuit, and re- 
 elected to the same position in 1869 without opposi- 
 tion. His Circuit was for a time the largest in the 
 State, and his written decisions would fill many vol- 
 umes. He was also a Delegate to the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1867. In August, 1870, he was, con- 
 trary to his will, elected to the Forty-second Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Sutherland, Joel B.— He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Philadelphia County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, from 1837 to 1837, and was Cliairmau of the 
 Committee on Commerce during the Twenty-fourth 
 Congress. Died in Philadelphia, November i5, 1861. 
 
 Sutherland, Josiah.—'B.e was born in New 
 York, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
 second Congress from that State. He was subse- 
 quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. 
 
 Swain, David Loivry. — Bom near Ashville, 
 North Carolina, January 4,'l801 ; graduated at the 
 University of North Carolina; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1833 ; and soon entered upon a lucrative prac- 
 tice ; in 1834 was elected to represent Buncombe 
 County in the House of Coram(nis of the State ; in 
 1831 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court ; 
 from 1833 to 1835 was Governor of tlie State; and from 
 tliat time until his death was President of the Uni- 
 Vfr.sity of North Carolina. He published "British 
 Invasion of North Carolina in 1776," 8vo, 1853 ; and 
 contributed many valuable papers on the History of 
 Nortli Carolina to the UnivcrsUy Maciazine. Died 
 at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, September 8, 1868. 
 
 Swan, John. — He was a Delegate from North 
 
 Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 
 1788. 
 
 Swan, Satmiel. — Bom in Somerset County, New 
 Jersey, in 1771 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from New Jersey from 1831 to 1831 : and died at 
 Brunswick, New Jersey, August 34, 1844. 
 
 Swann, Thomas. — He was born in Alexandria, 
 Virginia, and educated at Columbia College and the 
 University of Virginia ; .studied law with his father 
 in Washington, and was appointed Secretary of the 
 Neapolitan Commission ; in 1834 he settled in Balti- 
 more, and two years afterward was chosen a Direc- 
 tor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company ; in 
 1847 he was chosen President of the same, which he 
 resigned in 1853 ; was al.so President of the North- 
 western Virginia Railroad Company, disbursing in 
 behalf of the two roads about thirteen million dol- 
 lars ; after a sojourn in Europe, he was, in 1856, elect- 
 ed Mayor of Baltimore, and re-elected in 1858 ; he 
 was the originator of the Druid Hill Park in that 
 city ; having emancipated his slaves before the Re- 
 bellion, he continued a Union man during the war ; 
 in 1863 he was elected President of the First Nation- 
 al Bank of Baltimore ; in 1864, he was elected Gover- 
 nor of Maryland ; in 1860, he was elected a Senator 
 in Congress, but declined to leave the Executive 
 chair, and in 1868 he was elected a Representative 
 from Maryland to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and 
 Foreign Affairs. He was also re-elected to the three 
 subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committee on 
 Appropriations and others of importance. In Decem- 
 ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Su^anwick, John. — Tie was a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1793 to 1798, 
 having resigned before the expiration of his second 
 term. 
 
 Swarf, Peter. — He was a member of the New 
 York Senate from Schoharie County from 1817 to 
 1830, and had been a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1807 to 1809. 
 
 Swai/ne, Noah IT.— Bom in Culpepper Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, December 37, 1804. While performing 
 the duties of a clerk in an apothecary store, in Alex- 
 andria, he acquired the rudiments of an English and 
 classical education, and prepared himself for the 
 Medical profession. He soon began the study of law, 
 at Warrenton, and after his admission to the bar, in 
 1834, he removed to Ohio, and settled at Coshocton. 
 In 1839 he was elected to the Legislature of that 
 State ; in 1830 he was appointed United States Dis- 
 trict-Attorney for Ohio, holding the position nine 
 years, and residing in Columbus. In 1834 he wag 
 chosen Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but de- 
 clined the office. In 1836 he was again elected to the 
 State Legislature, and took part in organizing Insti- 
 tutions or Asylums for the benefit of the blind, the 
 lunatic, and the deaf and dumb of the State ; and in 
 1861 he was ap)>ointed a Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States. 
 
 Swearingen, Henri/.— Born in Pennsylvania ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio 
 from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Swearingen. Thomas V. — He was born in 
 Jefferson County, Virginia ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 
 1833, when he died in Virginia. 
 
 Sweat, Lorenzo D. M. — Born in Parsonville, 
 York County, Maine, May 26, 1818; graduated af 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 415 
 
 Bowdoin College in 1837, and at the Harvard Law 
 SclionI in 1840 ; during the next two years he prac- 
 ticed law in New Orleans ; in 1856 and 1860 he was 
 a City Solicitor in Portland ; in 1863 a member of the 
 the State Senate ; and was elected a Representative 
 from Maine to the Tliirty-eighth Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Sll'eenejl, TV, Jf, — He was born in Kentucky, 
 May 5, 1832 ; received a good education, and, liaving 
 studied law, came to the bar, and has ever since been 
 engaged in that profession ; and in 1868 he was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid 
 Pensions. 
 
 Stveeny, George, — Born in Pennsylvania ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Sireefser, Charles, — Born in Vermont ; and 
 was a Representative in Cbngress from Ohio from 
 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Swiff, Sejijnniin. — He was born in Amenia, 
 New York, April 5, 1781 ; he received an academic 
 education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice 
 at Bennington in 1806 ; he was settled for a time in 
 Mancliesier, and subsequently in St. Albans, where 
 he rose to eminence in his profession. In 1813 and 
 1814, 1825 and 1826, he was a Representative to the 
 General Assembly ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Vermont from 1827 to 1831. He re- 
 ceived the degree of A. M. from Middlebury College 
 in 1820, and was a member of the Corporation of that 
 Institution from 1830 to 1839. In 1833 he was elect- 
 ed to the Senate of the United States for six years, 
 after which be retired to private life. While in ap- 
 parent good health he died suddenly, in an open field 
 on his farm, November 11, 1847. 
 
 Swiff, Zcphtmiah. — He was born in Wareham, 
 Massacliiisrtts, in 1759 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1778, and i-stiihlished himself as a lawyer at Wind- 
 ham, Connecticut, where his superior talents gained 
 him a lucrative practice in his profession. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 
 1793 to 1797 ; and in 1800 was Secretary to Ellisivorth, 
 Davie, and Murray, in their mission to France. Soon 
 after liis return he was placed on the Bench of the 
 Superior Court of the State, where he continued 
 eighteen years, during the last five of which he was 
 Chief Justice. He was afterwards a member of the 
 State Legislature, and was one of the Committee to 
 revise the Statute Laws of the State. He was also a 
 Delegate to the "Hartford Convention." He pub- 
 lished several works ; among them was a " Digest of 
 the Laws of Connecticut, on the model of Black- 
 stone." He died at Warren, Ohio, September 27, 
 1823. 
 
 Swing, Philip B, — He was born in Ohio ; re- 
 sided at Batavia, in that State, whence he was ap- 
 pointed, in 1871, United States Judge for the South- 
 ern District of Ohio. 
 
 Swifzler, William Franklin. — He was born 
 in Fayette County, Kentucky, March 16, 1819 ; re- 
 moved with his father to Missouri in 1826 ; was edu- 
 cated at Mount Forest Academy ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar at Columbia, in 1841 ; in that year he 
 became editor of a paper called the Patrwt ; in 1843, 
 he established the Missouri Statesman, which he has 
 ever since conducted. In 1846, and in 1848, he was 
 elected to the State Legislature, and again elected in 
 1856; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 
 
 1860; in 1862, he was appointed Military Secretary 
 of State for Arkansas, under the Military Governor, 
 John S. Phelps ; in 1863, he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, Provost Marshal in Missouri ; was a 
 Delegate to the Missouri Constitutional Convention 
 of 1865; in 1866, he unsuccessfully contested the seat 
 in the Fortieth Congress of George W. Anderson ; 
 but in 1868, he was re-elected to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress. In March, 1868, and January, 1869, the Com- 
 mittee of Elections, with only one dissenting voice, 
 declared him entitled to a seat in tlie Fortieth Con- 
 gress ; but the House, by a vote of fifty -five to eighty- 
 nine, rejected his claim. 
 
 Swoope, Jacob, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1811. 
 
 Sivrope, Satnuel F, — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Si/kes, George. — He was born in New Jersey, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Si/kes, Janiex, — He was a Delegate from Dela- 
 ware to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778. 
 He held various important positions in the State, be- 
 fore and after the Revolution. 
 
 Si/nniies, John Cleres. — Born on Long Island, 
 July 21, 1742 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
 gress from Delaware in 1785 and 1786 ; Judge of the 
 Superior Court of New Jersey ; afterwards Chief Jus- 
 tice, and in 1788 was appointed Judge of the North- 
 west Territory ; and was founder of the settlements 
 in the Miami country. 
 
 Si/pher, J. Hale.- — Born in Pennsylvania, July 
 22, 1837 ; received a liberal education, and studied 
 law ; entered the army in 1861 as a private soldier, 
 and attained the rank of Brigadier-General ; on being 
 mustered out of military service in 1865, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, but devoted himself to planting in 
 Louisiana ; and was elected a Representative from 
 that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on the Militia. Re-elected to the three 
 subsequent Congresses, serving on various Commit- 
 tees. 
 
 Taber, Stephen. — He was born in Dover, Dutch- 
 ess County, New Y'^ork (his father, Thomas Taber, 
 having also served in Congress) ; received a good 
 academical education ; in 1839 he settled in Queens 
 County, on Long Island, and was engaged in the pur- 
 suit of farming ; in 1860 and 1861 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature ; and in 1864 he was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Taber, Thomas. — He was born in New York, 
 May 19, 1785 ; was devoted to agricultural pursuits ; 
 a member of the New Y'ork Legislature in 1826 ; a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1827 
 to 1829 ; and died March 21, 1862. 
 
 Tabert, Alfred T, A , — He was a citizen of Dela- 
 ware, and in 1869 he was Minister Resident to Sal- 
 vador, where he remained until 1871, when he was 
 appointed Consul-General to Havana. 
 
 Tabor, Stephen J, TP,— He was bom in Cor- 
 inth, Vermont, August 5, 1815 ; became an orphan in 
 his eleventh year ; received an academical education, 
 and commenced active life by teaching school ; wrote 
 for the press, and published a work translated from 
 
416 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 the French ; soon connected himself with a paper 
 called the Beaton in New York City, and also with the 
 Sun; in 1837 he removed to Ashfield, Massachusetts, 
 and studied medicine ; then had charge of a news- 
 paper at Northampton ; graduated at the College of 
 Physicians in New Tork in 1840, and practiced his 
 profession until 1855 ; in the latter year, he removed 
 to Iowa and published a paper called the Cimlian; 
 served several years as a County Judge, and also as 
 County Treasurer and Recorder ; and in 1863 he was 
 appointed, by President Lincoln, Fourth Auditor of 
 the Treasury, which position he still occupies. He is 
 fond of books, owns a fine library, and has an unsur- 
 passed collection of books on Tobacco, Tea, and Coffee. 
 
 Taffe, ,Tohn, — Bom in Indianapolis, Indiana, 
 January 30, 1837 ; received a classical education, and 
 adopted the profession of law ; after a brief residence 
 in Illinois, he removed to Nebraska Territory in 1856 ; 
 was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1858 and 
 1859 ; in 1860 he was elected to the Council, and in 
 the winter of 1861 was made President of that body ; 
 in 1863 he raised a regiment of Cavalry for service 
 against the Indians, and was made a Major, in which 
 capacity he fought at the battle of White Stone Hills 
 in 1863 ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from the new State of Nebraska to the Fortieth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Territories and 
 Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first and For- 
 ty-second Congresses, serving on various Committees, 
 and as Chairman of that on Territories. In 1875 he 
 was appointed Secretary of Colorado. 
 
 Toffffarf, Samuel. — Born in Londonderry, Mas- 
 sachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1774 ; he 
 studied for the ministry, and settled in Coleraine in 
 1777. He was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from Massachusetts, serving from 1803 to 1817 ; and 
 died in 1835, aged seventy-one years. 
 
 Taif, Chnrles. — He was bom in Louisa County, 
 Virginia, but removed at an early age to Georgia. He 
 was for several years a Judge of the Superior Court 
 of Georgia ; and a Senator in Congress from that 
 State from 1809 to 1819. He distinguished himself 
 as a supporter of the administration of Madison and 
 Monroe. In 1819 he removed to Alabama, and was 
 appointed a Judge of the District Court, when first 
 established in that State, which office he resigned in 
 1836. He died in Wilcox County, Alabama, October 
 7, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. 
 
 Talbot, Isham, — He was born in Bedford 
 County, Virginia, in 1773 ; received a good education; 
 studied law, and practiced with success ; he was a 
 member of the Kentucky Senate from 1813 to 1815 ; 
 from 1815 to 1819 a member of the United States 
 Senate, and for a second term from 1830 to 1835. He 
 died near Frankfort, September 37, 1837. 
 
 Talbot, Mathcw. — Bom in Virginia in 1767 ; 
 removed to Georgia in 1785 ; frequently served in the 
 Legislature ; was a Delegate to the " Constitutional 
 Convention of Georgia ; was for many years in the 
 State Senate, and officiated as President of that body ; 
 and was acting Governor of the State in 1819. Died 
 in wakes County, September 17, 1837. 
 
 Talbot, Silas— He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from New York from 1793 to 1794, when he 
 was appointed, by President Washington, Captain in 
 the Navy, having previously served a number of years 
 in the State Assembly from Montgomery County. 
 
 Talbot, Thomas H.—Ee was bom in Maine ; 
 educated for the bar ; and in 1869 he was appointed 
 Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, hold- 
 ing the position about one year. 
 
 Talboft, Albert G. — He was born in Kentucky ; 
 and was elected a Representative from that State 
 to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and 
 was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in 
 the War Department, and a member of that on 
 Roads and Canals. 
 
 Taliaferro, Benjainin. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Georgia from 1799 to 1803. 
 Died September 8, 1831. 
 
 Taliaferro, ,Tohn. — He was bom in Spottsyl- 
 vania County, Virginia, in 1768 ; was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1801 to 1803, 
 from 1811 to 1813, from 1834 to 1831. and from 1835 
 to 1843. In 1805 and 1831 he was also a Presidential 
 Elector. For three years before his death he was 
 Librarian of the Treasury Department in Washing- 
 ton. He died at his residence in Virginia, August 
 18, 1853. 
 
 Tallmadge, Benjainin. — He was bom in Suf- 
 folk County, New York, February 35, 1754. His 
 military services were very valuable ; he acted a 
 prominent part in the capture of Andre ; planned 
 and conducted the expedition in 1780 which resulted 
 in the capture of Fort George and the destruction of 
 the British stores on Long Island ; and was a mem- 
 ber of Washington's military family. After the war, 
 having attained the rank of General, he engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits, and acquired a large jiroperty. 
 He was a Representative in Congress from Connecti- 
 cut, from 1801 to 1817. He was respected for his 
 public services and private character, and died in 
 Litchfield, Connecticut, March 6, 1835. 
 
 Tallmailge, Frederick A, — He was born in 
 Litchfield, Connecticut, Augu.st 29, 1793 ; graduated 
 at Yale College in 1811 ; and, having studied law, 
 settled in practice in New York in 1814. In 1836 he 
 was elected an Alderman of the city, and also a State 
 Senator ; was subsequently five years Recorder of the 
 City ; a Representative from New York in the Thirti- 
 eth Congress ; was again Recorder for three years ; 
 and in 1857 was appointed General Superintendent of 
 the Metropolitan Police, and was subsequently ap- 
 pointed Clerk of the Court of Appeals. He was the 
 son of Benjamin Tallmadge. Died in Litchfield, Sep- 
 tember 16, 1869. 
 
 TaUmadf/e, James, «/»•• — He was born in 
 Stanford, Dutchess County, New York, January 38, 
 1788; graduated at Brown LTniversity in 1798; and was 
 by profe.ssion a lawyer. He was early in life Private 
 Secretary to Governor Clinton, and during the war of 
 1813 commanded a portion of the force detailed for 
 the defense of New York City. From 1817 to 1819 
 he was a Representative in Congress from New York, 
 and declined a re-election ; he was a member of the 
 Convention which framed the Constitution of the 
 State ; and 1833 was elected to the Assembly from 
 Dutchess County. From 1835 to 1828 he was Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor under General Clinton, and in 1846 a 
 member of the " Constitutional Convention " of New 
 York. For the last twenty years of his life he was 
 President of the American Institute in New York. 
 He visited Europe, and benefited the United States 
 by his introduction of a knowledge of American 
 machinery into Russia, and induced that government 
 to adopt it in their manufacture of cotton goods. He 
 was one of the founders of the University of New 
 Y^ork, and was President of the Council. He was 
 honored with the degree of LL.D. from that Institu- 
 tion. He died suddenly in New York City, Septem- 
 ber 39, 1853. 
 
 Tallmadge, Mathias B. — He was a native of 
 New York ; received a good education and adopted 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 417 
 
 the profession of law; and in 1805 he was appointed, 
 by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the 
 Northern District of New York. 
 
 TaUmadf/e, Kathaniel F. — He was born In 
 Chatliam, Columbia County, New York, February 8, 
 1795 ; graduated at LTnion College ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a member of 
 the Assembly of New York in 1828; of the State Sen- 
 ate from 1830 to 1833; a Senator in Congress from 
 New York from 1833 to 1844 ; and was subsequently 
 appointed, by President Tyler, Territorial Governor 
 of Wisconsin, where he resided, devoted to his pro- 
 fession. Died at Battle Creek, Michigan, November 
 2, 1864. 
 
 Tall man, Peleg. — He was born at Tiverton, 
 Rhode Island, in 1764; in 1778, at the age of fourteen, 
 he entered into the privateering service for employ- 
 ment ; iu 1780 he had his left arm shot off ; and in 
 1781 he was taken prisoner, and was confined in Ire- 
 land and England until the peace of 1783. He soon 
 afterwards became commander of a merchant vessel, 
 and, after following a seafaring life for many years, 
 he devoted himself to the business of a merchant, and 
 acquired a large fortune. He was a Representative 
 iu Congress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1813, 
 and died at Bath, Maine, March 8, 1841. 
 
 Taney, Soger S, — He was born in Calvert 
 County, Maryland, March 17, 1777 ; graduated at 
 Dickinson College in 1795 ; studied law, and came to 
 the bar in 1799 ; in 1801 he was elected to the State 
 Assembly and settled at Frederick ; subsequently 
 served four years in the State Senate, and removed to 
 Baltimore in 1822 ; in 1827 he was chosen Attorney- 
 General of Maryland ; in 1831 he was appointed At- 
 torney-General of the United States in President 
 Jackson's Cabinet ; was also appointed Secretary of 
 the Treasury, but rejected by the Senate ; was ap- 
 pointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States, but again rejected by the Senate ; and in 1836 
 he was appointed, by President Jackson, Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in 
 the place of John Marshall, which office he filled with 
 acknowledged ability until his death, which occurred 
 in Washington City, October 13, 1864. Some of his 
 decisions, as a Cabinet officer and especially as Chief 
 Justice, excited great interest throughout the coun- 
 try. His life, written by his personal friend, Samuel 
 Tyler, and published in 1873, attracted marked at- 
 tention, and was considered a work of great ability. 
 
 Tanner, A. H. — He was born in Granville, 
 Washington County, New York, May 33, 1833; he stud- 
 ied law, and came to the bar in 1853 ; in 1863 he en- 
 tered the volunteer army as a Captain ; and, as Lieu- 
 tenantColonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-third 
 Regiment of Infantry, served until the close of the 
 war, first in the Army of the Potomac, and subse- 
 quently throughout the Atlanta campaign and that 
 of the Carolinas ; and in 1868 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Forty-first Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Public Buildings 
 and Grounds, and War Department. 
 
 Tappan, Benjamin, — Born at Northampton, 
 Massachusetts, May 25, 1773 ; was taught the busi- 
 ness of copperplate engravilig and printing ; devoted 
 some attention to portrait-painting ; and subsequent- 
 ly studied and adopted the profession of law. In 
 1799 he emigrated to Ohio, and was one of the earliest 
 Bettlers there ; in 1803 was elected to the Legislature 
 of the New State ; he served in the War of 1812 as 
 Aide-de-camp to General Wadsworth ; was for seven 
 years President Judge of the Fifth Ohio Circuit ; in 
 1833 he was appointed, by President Jackson, United 
 States Judge for the District of Ohio; and he was 
 
 a Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 
 1845, serving as. Chairman of the Committee on the 
 Library. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1838. 
 He died at Steubenville, Ohio, April 12, 1857. 
 
 Tappan, Mason jy.— Born in Newport, Sulli- 
 van County, New Hampshire ; fitted for College, and 
 studied law as a profession ; he was a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855 : and a Rep- 
 resentative from New Hampshire, in the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
 and Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Com- 
 mittee on the Judiciary, and in the last Congress as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Claims, and as a mem- 
 ber of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the 
 Rebellious States. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelpliia " Loyalist's Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Tarbox, John Remble, — Bom in Methuen, 
 Massachusetts. May 6, 1838 ; received an academic 
 education ; was admitted to the bar in 1860 ; served in 
 the Union Army iu the Fourth Regiment of Massachu- 
 setts Volunteers ; was a member of the Legislature 
 of Massachusetts in 18C8, 1870, and 1871, and of the 
 State Senate in 1872 ; was Mayor of tlie City of Law- 
 rence in 1873 and 1874, and was elected a Represent- 
 ative to the Forty-fourth Congress from Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 Tarr, Cliristian, — He was born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819, and again from 
 1820 to 1821. 
 
 Tamstro, Louis Fitzgerald. — He was a na- 
 tive of Ireland, but came to this country while yet a 
 young man and settled in New York City. He had 
 received a liberal education ; was for a time a conspic- 
 uous member of fasionable society in New York; edited 
 a paper there, and also in Boston ; published a popu- 
 ular book entitled " Random Shots and Southern 
 Breezes" ; removed to Washington City and was for 
 several years Translator for the Department of State ; 
 and subsequently devoted some attention to Lec- 
 turing. His scholarship was of a very superior or- 
 der ; and his memory so remarkable that he would 
 occasionally gratify his friends by repeating one of 
 Shakspeare's drama's from beginning to end, without 
 omitting a single scene. He has for many years been 
 leisurely engaged in writing his " Recollections of. 
 America." 
 
 Tate, Magnus. — He was a Representative iH' 
 Congress from Virginia from 1815 to 1817, and resid- 
 ed in Berkeley County of that State. 
 
 Tate Thomas M.— Be was born in Virginia.and 
 in 1857 he was appointed from that State Sixth Audi- 
 tor of the Treasury, remaining in that position until. 
 1861. 
 
 Tafnall, Edward F, — He was born in Sivan- 
 nah, Georgia, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1821 to 1827. 
 
 Tatnall, Josiah.—Re was bom at Bonaventure, 
 near Savannah, and died in the West Indies in 1804. 
 His boyhood was full of adventure, and at the- age 
 of eighteen he joined the army of General Wayne, 
 at Ebenezer. In 1793 he was appointed Colonel of a 
 Georgia Regiment, and in 1800 a Brigadier-General, 
 participating extensively in the military a-ffairs of the 
 State, and serving occasionally in the Legislature. 
 He also served, in 1796, at Louisville, in the General 
 Assembly that rescinded the Yazoo Act of 1795, and 
 was a Senator in Congress from Georgia- i*om 1796 to 
 1799. 
 
41S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANx\ALS. 
 
 Tatum, Absalom. — A Representative in Con- 
 gress from North Carolina, during tlie years 1795 and 
 1796. 
 
 Taul, Micah. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Taunehill, Adamson. — Bom in Frederick 
 County, Maryland, in 1752 ; served as Captain of a 
 rifle campany tlirougliout the Revolutionary war ; 
 removed to Pennsylvania, and settled on a small 
 farm adjoining Pittsburg ; was a Justice of the 
 Peace at the breaking out of the Whisky Insurrec- 
 tion, and firmly opposed that outbreak ; served as a 
 Brigadier-General in the war of 1813 ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from 1813 to 1815, and he died 
 at Grant's Hill in 1817. 
 
 TaiiJer, 'John, — Born in New York, July 4, 
 1743 ; became a merchant at Albany in 1773 ; super- 
 intended the Commissary Department on the Expe- 
 dition to Canada in 1775 ; was a member of the Pro- 
 vincial Congress, and for nearly forty years a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature of New York ; was Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor of the State from 1813 to 1823. Died 
 in Albany, March 19, 1839. 
 
 Tnylcr, Robert JFalker. — He was born in 
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1813 ; re- 
 moved witli his parents to Ohio, in 1815, locating at 
 Youngstown, then Trumbull County ; received an 
 English education, and having studied law, came to 
 the bar in 1834 ; in 1839 was elected Attorney for 
 the County of Trumbull, holding the office two years ; 
 in 1850 he organized the Bank of Mahoning ; in 1851 
 elected Mayor of Youngstown ; was elected to the 
 State Senate in 1855 aud 1857 ; was Auditor of the 
 State from 1860 to 1863 ; and in the latter year he 
 was appointed First Comptroller of the United States 
 Treasury, and is still in olHce. 
 
 Taylor, Alexander Wilson. — He was born 
 
 in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, March 22, 1815 ; 
 educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania ; left 
 college in the spring of 1836, to become clerk in the 
 Surveyor-General's office of Pennsylvania ; studied 
 law at Carlisle, and admitted to the bar in 1841 ; in 
 1845 was elected Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts 
 in Indiana County, and re-elected in 1848 ; was a 
 member of the Legislature in 1859 and 1860, and 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Railways and Canals. 
 
 Taiflor, Asher, — He was a Representative from 
 New York, to the Twenty-eighth Congress. 
 
 Taj/lor, Caleb X. — He was born in Sunbury, 
 Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1819 ; from early 
 boyhood he became engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
 to which he has ever since been devoted, and in 
 which he has been eminently successful. Though 
 never taking an active part in politics, he has served 
 on many occasions as a Presidential Elector ; been a 
 Delegate to various local Conventions ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1860; and in 
 1 866 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Territories, and Expenses in the Treasury 
 Department. 
 
 Tat/lor, George. — Born in Ireland in 1716 ; left 
 his father's house clandestinely and came to Phila- 
 delphia, where, as a day laborer, he obtained the 
 money to pay his passage across the Atlantic ; soon 
 became a clerk with the man who had advanced him 
 money ; and in after years married the widow of his 
 benefactor. In 1764 he was elected to the Provincial 
 Assembly at Philadelphia, serving six years ; he was 
 
 re-elected to the Assembly in 1775 ; was a Delegate 
 to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and 
 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; 
 and spent the remainder of his life in retirement. 
 He died at Easton, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1781. 
 
 Taylor, George. — He was born in Wheeling, 
 Virginia, October 19, 1830, and, after receiving a lib- 
 eral education, turned his attention to the stud}- of 
 medicine, but subsequently adopted the profession 
 of law ; he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and re- 
 moved to Indiana, where he was successful as a 
 special pleader. In 1844 he removed to Alabama, 
 and there practiced his profession for four years, af- 
 ter which he removed to New York. In 1856 he was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty fifth Congress, 
 and was a member of the Committees on Revolution- 
 ary Claims and on the cost of Public Buildings. As 
 an author, writing upon topics connected with the 
 natural sciences, he has been successful. A work 
 published in 1851, and entitled " Indications of the 
 Creator," has passed through four editions, aud been 
 highly applauded by the critics of England and 
 France. He has also written much in behalf of pop- 
 ular education, and his collected addresses and lec- 
 tures make quite a large and interesting volume. 
 
 Taylor, George K. — He was appointed in 1801, 
 by President Adams, United States Judge of the Cir- 
 cuit Court for the Fourth Circuit. 
 
 Taylor, tToJni. — He was born in Orange County, 
 Virginia ; was distinguished for his attention to agri- 
 culture, and published a work entitled " Constructor 
 Construed ; an Inqury into the Principles and Policy 
 of the Government of the United States ; " and was a 
 Senator of the United States from Virginia from 1792 
 to 1794, but was superseded by A. B. Venable ; also 
 in 1803, and from 1833 to 1834. He died in Caroline 
 County, Virginia, August 20, 1824, at an advanced 
 
 Taylor, ,Tolin. — Born in South Carolina in 1770 ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1790 ; studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1793, but turned his 
 attention chiefly to planting ; served in the State Leg- 
 islature a number of years ; was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress from South 
 Carolina from 1807 to 1800, and also from 1817 to 1821 ; 
 was a Senator in Congress from 1810 to 1816 ; was a 
 Trustee of the South Carolina College in 1806 ; a 
 State Senator in 1810 and 1822 ; Governor of the State 
 from 1836 to 1838 ; and died in 1833. He was, also, 
 as one time Receiver of Public Moneys in Mississippi 
 Territory. 
 
 Taylor, .John J. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts, and, having settled in New York, was elected 
 a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Taylor, .John Loais. — Born in London, Eng- 
 land, March 1, 1769 ; brought to America by his brother 
 at the age of twelve ; he studied law, and settled in 
 Fayetteville, North Carolina ; was frequently a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature ; was for a short time 
 Attorney-General of the State ; in 1798 was Judge of 
 the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and in 1810 
 was appointed Chief Justice. A volume of his Re- 
 ports, from 1799 to 1803, was published at Newborn 
 in 1803, and another, from 1816 to 1818, at Raleigh in 
 1818 ; and " Charge to the Grand Jury of Edgecombe 
 Supreme Court," 8vo., 1817. Died January 29, 1829. 
 
 Taylor. .John T,. — Born in Stafford County, Vir- 
 ginia, March 7, 1805 ; was educated in the common- 
 schools and seminaries of the neighborhood ; studied 
 law in Washington City, and was admitted to the bar 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 419 
 
 in 1828 ; settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1830 ; he was 
 for six }'ears Major General of the Ohio Militia ; and 
 he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 
 1847 to 1855, serving from time to time on important 
 Committees. In 1870 he was appointed a Clerk in the 
 Interior Department, and died suddenly in his office, 
 September 6, 1870. 
 
 Tnylor, >ToIiii IV, — Bom in Saratoga County, 
 New York, in 1784, and graduated at Union College 
 in 1803. He studied law in Albany ; was elected to 
 the State Legislature in 1811, and while in that body 
 was elected to Congress, where he served from 1813 
 to 1833. He was Speaker of the House for the second 
 session of the Sixteenth Congress, during the passage 
 of the Missouri Compromise, and was also Speaker of 
 the Nineteenth Congress. He was a State Senator in 
 1841 and 1843, and removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 
 1843, where he died in September, 1854. He was for 
 many years a leading and prominent statesman of 
 New York; and was esteemed for his personal virtues 
 and liberal hospitality. 
 
 Tftylor, Jonathan, — He was a native of Con- 
 necticut, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 
 to 1841. 
 
 Tai/lnr, ^lilon, — He was born in New York, and, 
 having taken up his residence in Louisiana, was elected 
 a Representative from that State to the Thirty- fourth. 
 Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, and he was 
 a member of the Committee on Claims, and on the Ju- 
 diciary, and a member of the Special Committee of 
 Thirty-three on the Rebellious States ; withdrew in 
 February, 18G1. Declined, by letter, to give the au- 
 thor any information. 
 
 Taijlor, Kaftiatiiel G. — Born in Carter County, 
 Tennessee, December 39, 1819 ; studied at Washing- 
 ton College, in that State, but graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1840 ; studied law. and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from Tennessee from 1854 to 1855, as the successor of 
 Brookins Campbell. He was also a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 18.53 and 1860, and was for several years a Min- 
 ister in the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 
 1865 he was re-elected a Representative from Tennes- 
 see to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted 
 to his seat until near the end of the first session of that 
 Congress, serving on two or three Committees. In 
 March, 1867, he was appointed by President Johnson 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 
 
 Taylor, Wei. <>on,— Bom in South Norwalk, Con- 
 necticut, June 8, 1821 ; received a common-school 
 education, and adopted the profession of law ; as Cap- 
 tain in the First Regiment of New York Volunteers, he 
 fought through the Mexican war ; was elected in 1840 
 to the State Senate of California ; was President of 
 the Board of Trustees of the California Hospital 
 (which subsequently became the State Insane Asylum) 
 from 1850 to 1856 ; was Sheriff of San Joaquin County, 
 California, in 1853 ; in 1861 he was mustered into mil- 
 itary service as Colonel of the Seventy-second Regi- 
 ment of New York Volunteers ; promoted to the rank 
 of Brigadier-General in 1862 ; and in 1864 was elected 
 a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Select Committee on Freed- 
 men, and that on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Taylor, Jtobert, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, hia native State, from 1825 to 
 1827. 
 
 Tajflor, Walter.— KftMf&s a Senator in Congress 
 from Indiana from 1816 to 1825, and died in Lunen- 
 burg County, Virginia, August 36, 1836. He held of- 
 
 fices of trust in the Territory of Indiana, such as Ter- 
 ritorial Judge, in 1806 ; served as Aide-de-Camp to 
 General Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was 
 a man of high literary attainments. 
 
 Taylor, William. — He was born in Connecticut 
 in 1793 ; removed with his parents to Onondaga 
 County, New York, when quite young ; received a 
 common-school education ; was a member in 1812 of 
 a Medical Society, and, at one time. President of the 
 New York Medical Society, and was a practicing Phy- 
 sician for fifty years. He was for many years Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Supervisors of the State ; a men-.- 
 ber of the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842, in 1853 
 and 1853, in the two latter years representing New 
 York City ; and he was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1833 to 1839. Died at Manilas, 
 Onondaga County, September 6, 1865. 
 
 Taylor, William, — He was born in Virginia, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Taylor, William, — Born in Alexandria, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia ; adopted the profession of law, 
 wliich he practiced in Rockingham County ; was 
 elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia 
 from 1843 to 1846, having died before the expiration 
 of his second term in Washington City, January 17, 
 1846. 
 
 Taylor, Willi f^n li, — He was elected Governor 
 of Wisconsin in 1874, and his term of office will ex- 
 pire in 1876. 
 
 Taylor, William B, — Born in Connecticut in 
 1830 ; removed to Ohio and engaged in running a 
 grist-mill ; removed to Wisconsin in 1848, and turned 
 his attention to farming ; held various County offices 
 and was elected to the State Legislature, both House 
 and Senate ; in 1873 he was elected Governor of Wis- 
 consin, and renominated for the same position in 
 1875. Has for many years been a leader in agricul- 
 tural affairs throughout the State. 
 
 Taylor, Znchary, — He was born in Orange 
 County, Virginia, September 34, 1784, and went with 
 his father, Richard, who was a Colonel in the Revo- 
 lution, to Kentucky, in 1785 ; received a limited edu- 
 cation ; in 1808 he was appointed by President Jef- 
 ferson a Lieutenant of Infantry ; served in the war of 
 1813 as a Captain, and was brevetted a Major for gal- 
 lant services ; from 1815 to 1836 he had command of 
 various military posts in the Western country ; in 1819 
 he was made a Lieutenant-Colonel ; in 1833 a Colonel ; 
 served with distinction in the Black Hawk War, and 
 also in the war against the Seminoles in Florida ; in 
 1841 he settled his family at Baton Rouge, in Louisi- 
 ana ; was made a General, and had command of the 
 American army during the Mexican War, and, after 
 gaining a number of battles, won the great and deci- 
 sive battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 he was, by the 
 Whig party, elected President of the United States ; 
 was inaugurated March, 1849, and died in Washing- 
 ton, July 9, 18.50. He left a son who was a General 
 in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and 
 one of his daughters became the wife of Jefferson 
 Davis. 
 
 Tasetrell. Henry — Born in Brunswick County, 
 Virginia, in 1753 ; lost his father, Littleton, in early 
 life ; became a student of William and Mary College, 
 and studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; in 1775 
 he was a member of the House of Burgesses, and, 
 in the Convention of 1776, was on the Committee 
 which reported the Declaration of Rights and the 
 Constitution. He was a member of the House of Dele- 
 gates for many years ; was elected Judge in 1785, and 
 
420 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 of the first Court of Appeals in 1793 ; and from 1794 
 to 1799 was United States Senator from Virginia, and 
 President pro tern, in 1795. He took a leading part in 
 the discussions on the British Treaty, in that body. 
 As a State politician he approved the abolition of 
 primogeniture and entails, and the separation of the 
 Church from the State. He died in Philadelphia, 
 January 24, 1799. 
 
 Tazewell, Littleton 7r.— Born in Williams- 
 burg, Virginia, in 1774; educated at William and 
 Mary College ; studied law, and attained great suc- 
 cess in his profession ; was a member of the Virginia 
 Legislature in 1798 ; a Representatiye in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Con- 
 gress from 1834 to 1833 ; and Governor of Virginia 
 from 1834 to 1836. In the Senate he was Chairman 
 of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and President 
 pro tern, of that body during a part of the Twenty- 
 second Congress. In 1830 he was one of the Commis- 
 sioners under the Florida Treaty, and his last great 
 effort as a lawyer was made in the Supreme Court of 
 the United States in what was known as the " Cochi- 
 neal Chase." He died at Norfolk, Virginia, May 6 
 1860. 
 
 Teese, Frederielt H.—'Bom in Newark, New 
 Jersey, October 31, 1833 ; educated at Princeton Col- 
 lege, and graduated there in 1843 ; was admitted to 
 the bar in 1846, and practiced law in Newark ; in 
 1860 was a member of the New Jersey General As- 
 sembly ; re-elected in 1861, and- made Speaker ; was 
 appointed Presiding Judge of the Essex Court of 
 Common Pleas in 1864 ; re-appointed in 1869, and 
 elected a Representative from New Jersey to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Telfair, Edward.— Born in Scotland in 1735 ; 
 educated at Kirkcudbright Grammar School ; removed 
 to America at the age of twenty-three, and resided for 
 some time in Virginia as Agent of a mercantile house ; 
 afterwards removed to Halifax, North Carolina, and 
 thence to Savannah in 1766, where he was a mer- 
 chant. He was an active promoter of the Revolution, 
 served on many of the important Committees of the 
 time, and was one of the party who broke open the 
 magazine at Savannah and removed the powder. He 
 was a Delegate to the old Congress in 1778, and from 
 1780 to 1783 ; and, in the latter year, was one of the 
 Commissioners to make a Treaty with the Cherokees. 
 
 Telfair, Thoinas.—Ue was a Representative 
 in Congress from Georgia from 1813 to 1817. Died 
 at Savannah, Georgia, in April, 1818 ; was a gradu- 
 ate of Princeton College in 1805. 
 
 Teller, Isaac— He was bom in New York in 
 1798 ; and was elected a Representative from that 
 State to the Thirty-third Congress, for the unexpired 
 term of Gilbert Dean, resigned. Died at Matteawan, 
 New York, April 30. 1868. He was riding in a wagon 
 at the time, and died while holding the reins. He re- 
 tained his sitting posture, and the horse that he was 
 driving continued quietly on his way for over an 
 hour, as it was supposed, after death had ensued, 
 when his condition was observed, and the horse was 
 stopped. 
 
 Temple, William. — Bom in Queen Anne 
 County, Maryland, February 38, 1815 ; received a 
 good academic education, and adopted the occupation 
 of a merchant in Smyrna, Delaware. In 1844 he was 
 elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of 
 the House ; and, the Governor of the State and Presi- 
 dent of the Senate having died, he became Acting 
 Governor for the balance of the term. During the next 
 ten years he was a member of the State Senate, and 
 declined a re-election in 1854 ; and he was elected a 
 
 Representative from Delaware to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, but died, before taking his seat, at Smyrna, 
 Delaware, in the summer of 1863. 
 
 Ten Eiyck, AtitUony. — He was a citizen of 
 Michigan ; at one time connected with the press of 
 that State ; and in 1845 was appointed a Commissioner 
 with diplomatic powers to the Sandwich Islands, re- 
 maining their until 1849. 
 
 Ten Eyck, Egbert. — He was born in Rensse- 
 lear County, New York, April 18, 1779 ; graduated at 
 Williams College ; studied law in Albany ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Assembly in 1813 and 1813, and Speaker ; 
 member also of the "Constitutional Convention " of 
 1833 ; and a Representative in Congress from New 
 York from 1833 to 1835. He also held the offices of 
 Judge of the Jefferson County Court, and President 
 of a County Agricultural Society. He died at Water- 
 town, New York, April 11, 1844. 
 
 Ten Ei/ck, .Tohn C. — Bom in Freehold, New 
 Jersey, March 13, 1814 ; obtained a classical educa- 
 tion under private tutors ; studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1835. In 1839 he was appointed 
 Prosecutor of the Pleas for Burlington County, hold- 
 ing the position for ten years ; he was a member of 
 the New Jersey " Constitutional Convention " of 1844 ; 
 and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term 
 commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving on 
 the Committees on Commerce, and the Judiciary. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' 
 Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Tenney, Sam iiel. — Was born in Byefield Parish» 
 Newbury, Massachusetts ; and, having received a 
 collegiate education at Harvard University, gradu- 
 ating in 1773, commenced the study of medicine. 
 When the Revolutionary war began, he was found 
 among the asserters of his country's rights, and was 
 present at the Battle of Bunkers Hill, where he was 
 employed in attending upon the wounded. He 
 served during the whole war, and was attached to the 
 Rhode Island line of the Provincial army. At the 
 close of the war he retired from his profession, and 
 settled at Exeter, New Hampshire. For many years 
 he was Judge of Probate ; and in 1800 was elected a 
 Representative from that State in the Congress of the 
 United States, in the place of W. Gordon, resigned, 
 serving until 1807. His death, which occurred in 
 1816, was universally regretted. An ardent lover of 
 his country, a faithful expounder of her laws and 
 institutions, and an elegant scholar, his memory is 
 still fondly cherished by many who knew him. 
 
 Terrill, William. — He was frequently a mem- 
 ber of the Georgia Legislature, and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1831. 
 Becoming tired of politics, he took great interest in 
 the promotion of agricultural science, and in 1853 he 
 made a donation of twenty thousand dollars for the 
 establishment of an agricultural professorship in the 
 University of Georgia, which professorship bears his 
 name. He was one of the most accomplished and 
 useful citizens of his State, and died at Sparta, 
 Georgia, July 4, 1855. 
 
 Terry, Xatlianiel.— Born in Enfield, Connecti- 
 cut, in 1768, and graduated at Yale College in 1786. 
 He resided in Hartford, Connecticut, and held various 
 offices in his native State ; from 1817 to 1819 was a 
 Representative in Congress, and died in New Haven. 
 June 14, 1844. 
 
 Terry, Setli. — Bom in Enfield, Connecticut, in 
 1780 ; studied law and came to the bar in Hartford in 
 1804 ; commanded great influence as a lawyer, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 421 
 
 was for a long time Judge of the Superior Court ; and 
 died, November 18, 1865. 
 
 Terry, Willinm. — Bom in Amhprst County, 
 Virginia, August 14, 1824 ; graduated at the Unirer- 
 sity of Virginia ; taught school and read law at the 
 same time ; came to the bar in 1851 and settled at 
 Wytheville ; there edited a small newspaper and 
 taught school ; served in the Confederate army and 
 became a General ; was elected a Representative 
 to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on Military Affairs ; and in 1874 he was re- 
 elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Test, tfohti. — He was a native of Salem, New 
 Jersey, aud emigrated to Indiana ; was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837, 
 and from 1839 to 1831. He was presiding judge of 
 one of the Circuit Courts of Indiana ; and afterwards 
 removed to Mobile, Alabama, where he gained a high 
 reputation for his learning and talents as a lawyer. 
 He died near Cambridge City, Indiana, October 9, 
 1849. 
 
 Thachev, Georqe, — Born in Yarmouth, Massa- 
 chusetts, April 12, 1754 ; graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1776 ; studied law, and established himself in prac- 
 tice in Biddeford, Maine ; he was a Delegate to the 
 old Congress, and, on the adoption of the Constitution, 
 served as a Representative in Congress from Massa- 
 chusetts from 1789 to 1801. la 1292- Ji»-w«s- eteeted a 
 Eistiiet Judge in MainCj. serving until 1800, when he 
 was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court in Massa- 
 chusetts ; and he held the latter office until January, 
 1824, when he resigned, and died on the 6th of April, 
 following. He was also a member of the Convention 
 which formed the Constitution of Maine in 1819. He 
 was a man of superior abilites, and performed all his 
 duties to the entire satisfaction of the public. He 
 was famous for his wit, and when a bill was reported 
 in Congress respecting the use of the eagle on Ameri- 
 can coin, he playfully recommended a goose ; for 
 which he was challenged by the reporter of the bill, 
 William Blount, and the challenge he ridiculed. 
 
 Thacher, J. ]\I, — He was born in Vermont ; 
 graduated at the University of that State, and adopted 
 the profession of law ; was for a time connected mth 
 the bar of Virginia ; served as a Volunteer officer 
 during the War for the Union ; in 1864 he was ap- 
 pointed an Assistant Examiner in the Patent Office ; 
 rose by regular promotion to the rank of Commission- 
 er, to which he was appointed in 1874 ; and in August, 
 1875, he resigned his office to resume the practice of 
 his profession, locating in the city of Chicago. 
 
 Thacher, Samuel, — He was born in Cambridge, 
 Massachusetts, July 1, 1776 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1793 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts 
 from 1803 to 1805. He also served eleven years in the 
 Massachusetts Legislature, and was Sheritl of Lincoln 
 County from 1814 to 1831. In 1866 he was a resident 
 of Bangor, Maine. Died in Bangor, July 19, 1873. 
 
 Tluujer, Eli. — Bom In Mendon, Worcester 
 County, Massachusetts, June 11, 1819 ; graduated at 
 Brown University in 1845 ; was a teacher in Worces- 
 ter Academy for three years ; was a farmer by occu- 
 pation ; served as Alderman of the City of Worcester 
 in 1853 ; he was a Representative in the Massachusetts 
 Legislature during the years 1853 and 1854 ; elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 that State, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Militia ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Pub- 
 lic Lands. He was the founder of the New England 
 
 Emigrant Aid Society ; and has been identified with 
 other Societies of a benevolent character. 
 
 Thayer, John M. — He was born in Bellingham, 
 Norfolk County, Massachusetts, January 34, 1820 ; 
 graduated at Brown University ; studied law, and 
 practiced the profession ; removed to the Territory of 
 Nebraska in 1854, where he soon became Brigadier- 
 General of Militia ; was a member of the " Terri- 
 torial Constitutional Convention;" was subsequently 
 elected to the Territorial Legislature ; commanded a 
 regiment of Infantry during the Rebellion, and, for 
 meritorious services at Fort Donclson and Shiloh, he 
 was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General of 
 Volunteers. He also served with distinction at Vicks- 
 burg and Chickasaw Bayou, and for these additional 
 services he was promoted to the rank of Major-Gen- 
 eral of Volunteers ; and, on the admission of Nebraska 
 into the Union, as a State, he took his seat in Con- 
 gress as a Senator for the term ending in 1871, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Military Affairs, Indian 
 Affairs, and Patents. He was a Delegate to the Chi- 
 cago Convention of 1868 ; and in 1875 he was ap- 
 pointed Governor of Wyoming. 
 
 Thai/er, M, Russell. — He was born in Peters- 
 burg, Virginia, January 27, 1819 ; graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Private Land Claims. He received from his 
 Alma Mater the two degrees of Bachelor and Master 
 of Arts. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the Bankrupt Law, and 
 as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims. After 
 leaving Congress in 1859 he became District Judge for 
 Philadelphia ; and published various papers con- 
 nected with literature, law, and politics. 
 
 Thayer, William S. — He was bom in Haver- 
 hill, Massachusetts, in 1830; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1850 ; and two years later he became as- 
 sociated with the New York Emning Post as correspon- 
 dent and assistant editor, in which capacity he ac- 
 quitted himself with marked ability. In 1861 he was 
 appointed Consul General to Egypt, where he died 
 AprU 10, 1864. 
 
 Theaker, Thomas C. — Bora in York County, 
 Pennsylvania, February 1, 1813 ; received a good 
 English education : removed to Ohio in 1830 ; has de- 
 voted the most of his time to the occupation of a 
 millwright and machinist ; and he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Militia, and Enrolled 
 Bills. He was subsequently appointed one of a 
 Board of Commissioners to examine into the affairs of 
 the Patent office ; and in 1865 was appointed by 
 President Johnson Commissioner of Patents. 
 
 Tliibodeaux, B. G. — Born in Louisiana, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 
 1849. Died in the Parish of Terrebonne, Louisiana, 
 in March, 1866. 
 
 Thibodeanx, H. S. — He was acting Governor 
 of Louisiana from 1822 to 1824. 
 
 Thomas, Benjamin S. — Was born in Boston, 
 February 13, 1813 ; removed to Worcester in 1819 ; 
 graduated at Brown University in 1830 ; studied law; 
 and was admitted to practice in 1833 ; was a member 
 of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1842 ; was ap- 
 pointed Judge of Probate for the county of Worcester 
 in 1844, resigning; the office in 1848 ; was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector on the Taylor ticket in that year ; and in 
 
422 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1853 be was appointed to the bench of the Supreme 
 Court of Massachusetts, holding the office six years, 
 when he resigned. He subsequently returned to Bos- 
 ton to practice his profession, residing in West Rox- 
 bury, and in 1861 he was elected a Representative 
 from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 serving as a member of the Committee on the Judi- 
 ciary, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt 
 Law. 
 
 Thomas, CJiarlcs li. — He was born in Carteret 
 
 County, North Carolina, February 7, 1837 ; graduated 
 at the University of North Carolina in 1849 ; studied 
 and practiced law ; elected one of the Judges- of the 
 Superior Court in 1868, and elected to the Forty- 
 second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the 
 Committee on Elections. 
 
 Thomas, Christopher Y, — He was born in 
 Pittsylvania, Virginia, March 24, 1818 ; attended a 
 private academy ; studied law, and admitted to the 
 bar in 1844 ; was elected in 1859 to the State Senate 
 for four years ; elected in 1807 a member of the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of Virginia ; again in 1869 to 
 the Legislature ; and elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
 
 Thomas, Darid. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1801 to 1808 ; served 
 four years in the Assembly of that State ; and also 
 held the position of State Treasurer. 
 
 Thomas, D. li. — After the close of the Rebellion 
 in 1865, he was elected a Representative from Ten- 
 nessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not 
 declared entitled to his seat until near the end of the 
 first session of that Congress. 
 
 Thomas, Efltvard A. — He was born in New 
 York, from which State he was appointed in 1873 an 
 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, for the Ter- 
 ritory of Wyoming, residing at Laramie City. 
 
 Thomas, Francis. — He was born in Frederick 
 County, Maryland, February 3, 1799 ; was educated 
 at St. John's College, in that State ; studied law, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; was a member of 
 the House of Delegates in 1823, 1837, and 1829, when 
 he was chosen Speaker ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland from 1831 to 1841. In 1839 
 he was President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; 
 and was a member of the Maryland "Constitutional 
 Convention" in 1850. He was also the author of the 
 measure which resulted in the transfer of political 
 power from the slave-holding counties in Maryland 
 to those portions where the white population was 
 generally located. During one term in Congress he 
 was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and a 
 report made by him led to the settlement of the 
 boundary difficulties between Ohio and Michigan. 
 From 1841 to 1844 he was Governor of Maryland ; 
 was elected, for the sixth time, a Representative to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary 
 Committee. Also re-elected to the Thirty ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on the Death of 
 President Lincoln, the Judiciary, the Bankrupt Law, 
 and the Postal Railroad to New York. He was one 
 of the first men in Maryland to warn the people of 
 the approaching Rebellion ; and, after hostilities had 
 commenced, raised a brigade of three thousand Vol- 
 unteers, but declined all appointments connected 
 with the organization. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; 
 and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. In 1873 he 
 was appointed Minister to Peru. He was killed by 
 accident on a. railroad at Frankville, Garrett County, 
 Maryland, January 22, 1876. 
 
 Thomas, Isaac. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Thomas, >Tames, — He was Governor of Mary- 
 land from 1833 to 1836 ; was a man of great worth, 
 and held many public trusts. He died in St. Mary's 
 County, Maryland, December 25, 1845, agtd sixty-one 
 years. 
 
 Thomas, James Houston. — Was born in Ire- 
 dell County, North Carolina, September 23, 1808 ; 
 received the degree of A.B. from Columbia College, 
 Tennessee, in 1830 ; studied and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; in 1836 was elected Attorney-General for 
 the State, holding the office six years ; was for mauy 
 years the law partner of James K. Polk ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1847 to 
 1851 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1840 ; and in 1859 
 he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to 
 the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Thomas, Jesse B. — He was a Delegate to Con- 
 gress from the Territory of Indiana, from 1808 to 1809, 
 and was then appointed United States Judge of Illi- 
 nois Territory. He was also one of the first Senators 
 in Congress from Illinois, having held the position 
 from 1818 to 1829, serving on important Committees. 
 He died in February, 1850. 
 
 Thomas, John A. — He was born in New York ; 
 became a resident of Washington City ; and in 1855 
 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State ; and 
 he died in Washington. 
 
 Thomas, John C, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Maryland, from 1799 to 1801. 
 
 Thomas, John L., Jr. — Born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, May 30, 1835 ; received his education at 
 the Alleghany County Academy ; studied law, and 
 came to the Ijar in 1856 ; in 1861 he was appointed 
 Solicitor of the City of Baltimore, holding the office 
 two years ; in 1863 he was elected State Attorney for 
 Maryland; in 1804 he was a Delegate to the "State 
 Constitutional Convention," and in 1805 he was elect- 
 ed a Representative from Maryland, to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the res- 
 ignation oif E. H. Webster, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Commerce, Revolutionary Claims, and Re- 
 trenchment. He was also a Delegate to the PhUadel- 
 phia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1806. 
 
 Thomas, Lorenzo. — He was born in New- 
 castle, Delaware, October 36, 1804 ; graduated at the 
 West Point Academy, in 1823, as a Second Lieuten- 
 ant of the Fourth Infantry, and served as such in 
 Florida among the Creek Indians, and in Washington ; 
 was commissioned a Captain in 1836 ; in 1838 was aji- 
 pointed Assistant Adjutant-General with the brevet 
 rank of Major ; was Chief of Staff in the Florida 
 war in 1839 ; was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel in 
 1840, for "gallant and meritorious conduct" at Mon- 
 terey, in Mexico ; in 1848 he was made Assistant 
 Adjutant-General, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel, and assigned to dutv in Washington ; and from 
 1848 to 1801 he was Cliief of Staff under General 
 Scott, commanding the army of New York City. In 
 1861 he was appointed Adjutant-General of the army, 
 with the brevet of Colonel, and was in the same 
 year brevetted a Brigadier-General ; in 1863 he was 
 assigned to the special duty of organizing colored 
 troops in the southwest, and subsequently performed 
 a number of inspection tours connected with the Pro- 
 vost-Marshals, and with the national cemeteries of 
 the United States. On February 23 1808, he 
 received from President Johnson the appointment of 
 Secretary of War ad interim, but Secretary Stanton 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 423 
 
 refused to vacate the office, and the conflict of au- 
 thority thus occurring, continued until May 26, when 
 Mr. Stanton retired from the War Department. It 
 wa.5 the appointment of General Thomas as Secretary 
 of War, ad interim, by President Johnson, upon 
 which the articles of Impeachment, presented by the 
 House of Representatives, were grounded, and of the 
 leading charges in which, after due trial, the Presi- 
 dent was acquitted. Died in Washington, March 2, 
 1875. 
 
 Thomas, Fhilemon. — A native of North Caro- 
 lina, where, during the Revolutionary war, he was 
 engaged in many skirmishes with the British. He re- 
 sided some years in Kentucky, and was a member of 
 the Legislature of that State ; he afterwards removed 
 to Louisiana, and in 1810 and 1811, headed the insur- 
 rection of Baton Rouge, which threw oS the yoke of 
 Spain from West Florida. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Louisiana, from 1831 to 1835, and 
 died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 18, 1847, 
 aged eighty-three years. 
 
 Thoman, Philip Francis. — He was born in 
 Talbot County, Marj-land, September 12, 1810 ; was 
 educated at Dickinson College ; studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1831 ; in 1836 was a member 
 of the " State Constitutional Convention ;" in 1838 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 1811 ; was 
 suhsequently Judge of the Land Office Court of the 
 Eastern Shore of Maryland ; in 1843 and 1845 was 
 elected to the House of Delegates ; and in 1847 was 
 elected Governor of Maryland. In the ear^y part of 
 1860 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Com- 
 missioner of the Patent Office, and on the resignation 
 of Howell Cobb, as Secretary of the Treasury, in De- 
 cember, 1860, he was appointed Secretary of the 
 Treasury, in Mr. Buchanan's cabinet. In March, 1867, 
 he was elected a Senator in Congress, for the term 
 ending in 1873, but was rejected. But he was sub- 
 sequently elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 Thomas, liirhard, — He was a soldier in the 
 Revolutionary War, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1801. Died in Phil- 
 adelphia in 1832, aged eighty-seven years. 
 
 Thomasson, William P. — Bom in Henry 
 County, Kentucky ; commenced the study of law at 
 an early age ; and when eighteen was licensed to 
 practice at Corydon, Indiana, from which place he 
 was elected to the Legislature. He removed to Louis- 
 ville about the year 1841, and was chosen a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1843 to 
 1847. He afterwards went to Chicago, where he was 
 engaged in the practice of his profession until the 
 breaking out of the Rebellion, when he served in the 
 Union Army as a Colonel of Volunteers. 
 
 Thompson, Fenjamin. — Bom in Massachu- 
 setts, in 1798 ; he held many responsible offices in the 
 town of Charlestown, and was several times a Repre- 
 sentative in the State Legislature ; he was twice 
 elected to Congress as a member of the Fourth Dis- 
 trict of Massachusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847 ; 
 and again from March, 1851, till his death. He united 
 mental cultivation and sound judgment with great 
 business talent. His services upon the Committee 
 on Military Affairs during the Mexican War were 
 especially valuable. He died in Charlestown, Sep- 
 tember 24, 1853. 
 
 Thompson, Cliarles P, — Born at Braintree, 
 Massachusetts, July 30, 1827 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1854, and was second assistant to the District At- 
 
 torney until 1857, when he removed to Gloucester, 
 where he has since been engaged in his profession ; 
 he was a member of the State Legislature in 1871 and 
 1872, and was elected a Representative from Massa- 
 chusetts to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Thoinpson, George W. — Born in Ohio in 1806; 
 graduated at Jefferson College in 1826 ; was United 
 States District Attorney for Virginia in 1849 ; and 
 elected a Representative in Congress from that State 
 in 1851 and 1852 ; left Congress for the bench. He 
 was the author of "The Living Forces of the Uni 
 verse" in 1866; "Address on Common Schools" 
 1841 ; " Eight of Virginia to the Northwest Terri- 
 tory ; " "Life of Linn Boyd," and contributor to 
 the Boston Quarterly Remeic. 
 
 Tfiompson , Hedge. — He was a Representative 
 
 in Congress from New Jersev during the years 1827 
 and 1828. Died at Salem, July 20, 1828. 
 
 Thompson , Jacob. — He was born in Caswell 
 County, North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and received 
 his education at the University of Chapel Hill. He 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834, and 
 during the following year removed to the State of 
 Mississippi ; elected to Congress as a Representative 
 from Mississippi, in 1839, he continued to serve in 
 that capacity until 1851. On first taking his seat in 
 Congress he was placed on the Committee on Public 
 Lands, and was for some years Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Indian Affairs. He was a defender of Mis- 
 sissippi, and of the Democratic party, at the time 
 when the cry of repudirition was ringing throughout 
 the land ; and as he had, in 1845, declined going into 
 the United States Senate by appointment of the Gov- 
 ernor of Mississippi, so did he, in 1851, decline a re- 
 election to the House of Representatives ; he was 
 appointed by President Buchanan, in 1857, Secretary 
 of the Interior Department. That position he resigned 
 in January, 1861, and joining the Rebellion, served 
 as Governor of Mississippi, and in the insurgent army. 
 
 Thompson, 'James. — He was liberally educa- 
 ted ; was elected in 1857 one of the Puisne Judges of 
 Pennsylvania ; and in 1867 he was elected a Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Tliompsnn , James, — Born in Middlesex, But- 
 ler County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806 ; he re- 
 ceived a good education, and commenced life as a 
 printer ; he studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1828; he was elected to the Assembly of his na- 
 tive State in 1832, 1833, and 1834, presiding during 
 the last session as Speaker ; in 1836 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector ; he was presiding Judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court for six years, and a Representative in 
 Congress from 1845 to 1851. Of late years he has 
 been chiefly devoted to the practice of his profession; 
 and in 1847 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of Pennsylvania, for fifteen years ; and in 1866 he 
 was made Chief Justice. 
 
 Thompson, ,Toel. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815, having 
 previously served one year in the State Assembly 
 from Albany, and two years from Chenango County. 
 
 Thompson, John, — He was a member of the 
 New York Assembly from Albany, in 1788 and 1789, 
 in 1827 from Delaware County ; in 1802 and 1841 from 
 Dutchess County ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1799 to 1801, and again from 
 1807 to 1811. 
 
 Thompson, John. — He was bom in Rhinebeck, 
 Dutchess County, New York, July 4, 1809. He was 
 educated at Yale and Union Colleges ; lived on a farm 
 
i9A 
 
 BIOaEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 until sixteen years of age, since which time he has 
 devoted himself to the law ; and against his own 
 wishes and consent was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. 
 
 ThompKoih, •John. — He was a citizen of the 
 Territory of Orleans ; and in 1808 he was appointed 
 by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the 
 Territory of Orleans. 
 
 Thompson, John S. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky, in 1810 ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from" that State from 1840 to 184.3, and again from 
 1847 to 1851 ; and in 18.58 he was elected a Senator in 
 Congre.ss for the long term. He was a member of the 
 Committee on Private Land Claims, and of that on 
 Pensions. Died at Harrisonburg, Kentucky, January 
 7, 1874. 
 
 Thotnpfioth, Lucas P, — He was a native of Vir- 
 ginia ; a jurist of recognized ability ; from 1856 to 
 1864 Judge of the Circuit Court for the Eleventh Dis- 
 trict of Virginia ; subsequently made Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Appeals, and died at Staunton Vir- 
 ginia, April 21, 1866. 
 
 Thompson, Mark. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey, from 1795 to 1799. 
 
 Thompson, Oswald. — He was born in 1809 ; 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1828 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1832 and settled in Philadel- 
 phia ; and in 1851 he was made Presiding Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Phila- 
 delphia, and acquired a high reputation. He was a 
 Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania ; a mem- 
 ber of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and of the 
 American Philosophical Society, and received from 
 Jelferson College the degree of Doctor of Laws. Died 
 in Philadelphia, January 23, 1866. 
 
 Thompson, Philip. — He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1823 to 1835. 
 
 Thompson, Philip H. — Born in 1766, and died 
 in Kanawha County, Virginia, July 22, 1837. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 
 1801 to 1807. 
 
 Thompson, Richard ir. — He was born in 
 Culpepper County, Virginia, June 9, 1809 ; received a 
 good English and classical education ; and his love 
 of adventure led him into the wilds of Kentucky be- 
 fore he became of age. In 1831 he settled in Louis- 
 ville, and became a clerk in an extensive mercantile 
 house ; tiring of this, he removed to Lawrence 
 County, Indiana, taught school for a few mouths, but 
 again turned his attention to merchandise, selling 
 goods, and studying law at the same time. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1834, and was almost immedi- 
 ately elected to the Indiana Legislature ; was re-elect- 
 ed in 1835 ; in 18;36 he was elected to the State Sen- 
 ate, served two years, and was for a time President 
 pro tern, of the Senate, and Acting Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor ; he was a Presidential Elector in 1840, and voted 
 for General Harrison, whose election he zealously 
 advocated with his pen and on the stump ; and in 
 1841 he was elected a Representative in Congress for 
 the terra ending in 1843. In 1844 he was again 
 chosen a Presidential Elector ; was again a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Indiana from 1847 to 1849, 
 when he declined a re-election. Since that time he 
 has held no public office, but has been devoted to the 
 practice of his profession at Terre Haute. President 
 Taylor offered him the appointment of Charge 
 d'Affaires to Austria, and President Fillmore the 
 
 office of Recorder of the General Land Office, both of 
 which he declined. In 1864 he was elected a Presi- 
 dential Elector. Was also a Delegate to the Chicago 
 Convention of 1868. 
 
 Thompson, Robert A. — He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1847 to 1849. Now Land Commissioner 
 in California. 
 
 Thompson, Smith. — Born in Amenia, New 
 Tork, in 1767 ; grnduated at New Jersey College in 
 1788 ; studied law with Chancellor Kent ; and in 1801 
 was District Attorney in the Middle District of New 
 York ; Judge of the Supreme Court from 1802 to 
 1814 ; Chief Justice from 1814 to 1818 ; Secretary of the 
 Navy from 1818 to 1823 ; Associate Justice of the 
 United States Supreme Court from 1823 till his death, 
 which occurred in Poughkeepsie, New York, Decem- 
 ber 18, 1843. Received the degree of LL.D. from Yale 
 College in 1824, and from Harvard University in 1835. 
 
 Thompson, Thomas IV. — He graduated at 
 Harvard tfniversity in 1786 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Hampshire from 1805 to 1807 ; 
 State Treasurer in 1809 ; and a United States 
 Senator from 1814 to 1817. He was a neighbor and 
 one of the earliest friends of Daniel Webster. Died 
 at Concord, in October, 1820, aged fifty-five years. 
 
 Thompson, iraddi/. — He was born at Pickens- 
 ville. South Carolina, September 8, 1798 ; graduated 
 at the South Carolina College in 1814, and having 
 studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1819. He has 
 served in the Legislature of his native State ; was at 
 one time Solicitor for the Western Circuit of South 
 Carolina ; was chosen a Presidential Elector ; attained 
 the military title of Brigadier-General ; and was ap- 
 pointed in 1842 Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico, 
 about which he published an interesting work. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1841, 
 serving in 1840 as Chairman of the Committee on Mil- 
 itary Affairs. Died in Tallahassee, Florida, Novem- 
 ber 23, 1868. 
 
 Thompson, Wiley. — He was a native of Amelia 
 County, Virginia, and a Representative in Congress 
 from Georgia from 1821 to 1833. 
 
 Thompson, Jfilliam. — He was bom in Penn- 
 sylvania, and having settled in Iowa, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 
 to 1851. He served through the Rebellion upwards 
 of four years as Captain, Major, and Colonel in the 
 First Iowa Cavalry, and as Brevet Brigadier-General, 
 had command of a Brigade ; and was subsequently 
 appointed a Captain of Cavalry in the Regular Army. 
 
 Thomson, Alexatider. — He was born in 
 Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1824 
 to 1826 ; died at his residence in Chambersburg, 
 Pennsylvania, August 2, 1848, aged sixty-three years. 
 
 Thomson, Charles. — Born at Maghera, Derry, 
 Ireland, November 29, 1729 ; in 1741 he landed with 
 his three sisters at New Castle, Delaware, with no 
 other independence than their own industry ; educat- 
 ed by D. Allison, he became a teacher at the Friends' 
 Academy at New Castle ; and removing to Philadel- 
 phia, he obtained the advice and friendship of Dr. 
 Franklin. In 1758 he was one of the agents to treat 
 with the Indians at Oswego. The Delawares adopted 
 him, and conferred on him an Indian name which 
 means, " one who speaks the truth." He was Secre- 
 tary of Congress from 1774 to 1789. He was a good 
 classical scholar ; author of the " Harmony of the five 
 Gospels ; " a translation of the Old and New Testa- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 425 
 
 ments, and an Inquiry into the cause of the Aliena- 
 tion of the Delawares and Shawnee Indians. He re- 
 ceived the degree of LL. D. from New Jersey College 
 in 1833. 
 
 Thomson, >Iohn, — He was born in Franklin 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1777 ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Ohio from 1835 to 1837, and 
 again from 1839 to 1837. He died at New Lisbon, 
 Ohio, December 3, 1853. 
 
 Thomson, •John li. — Bom in Philadelphia, 
 September 5, 1800 ; entered Princeton College, but 
 left in the junior year, and devoted himself to mer- 
 cantile pursuits, making a voyage to China in 1817, and 
 in 1830 established himself as a merchant in Canton ; 
 was appointed Consul of the United States at that port 
 in 1833, and remained there until 1835. Since the 
 year 1830 he has been engaged in the management of 
 several railways and of the New Jersey Canal. In 
 1814 he was a member of the " Constitutional Conven- 
 tion " of New Jersey, and was United States Senator 
 from New Jersey from 1853 to 1857, and re-elected for 
 the term ending in 1863. He was a member of the 
 Committees on Naval Affairs, and on the Post-Office, 
 and Post- Roads. He was ofiered a seat in the Cabinet 
 by President Buchanan, which he declined. Died at 
 Trenton, September 13, 1863. 
 
 Thorinfjton, James. — He was born in North 
 Carolina, and, removing to Iowa, was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from that State to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress. 
 
 TJiornbuff/h, Jacob Jtf.— He was born in New- 
 marlcet. East Tfiinessee, July 3, 1837, and educated 
 at Holston College ; read law, and came to the bar in 
 1861 ; in 1863, joined the Federal Army in Kentucky, 
 and was promoted until he became Colonel of the 
 Fourth Tennessee Cavalry, in 1863 ; served under 
 Generals Rosecrans, Sherman, Thomas, and Canby 
 until the close of the war, when he returned to East 
 Tennessee, and resumed the law ; in 1867 he removed 
 to Knoxville, appointed Attorney-General of the 
 Tliird District of Tennessee, and elected to the same 
 position in 1869 and 1870 ; and lie was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Military AfEairs. 
 
 Thornton, Anthony. — He was born in Bour- 
 bon County, Kentucky, November 9, 1814; graduated 
 at the University of Miami, in Ohio, and adopted tlie 
 profession of law. In 1847 he was a memlier of the 
 Convention which framed the Constitution of Illinois ; 
 in 1850 he was a member of the State Legislature ; in 
 1803 a Delegate to the Convention to revise the State 
 Constitution, and in 1864 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committee of Claims and the Select Com- 
 mittee on the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
 Thornton, Jnines B.— Born in Merrimac, New 
 Hampshire ; was Speaker of the State Legislature in 
 1839 and 1830; was the author of "Digest of the 
 Couveyancing, Testamentary, and Registry Laws of 
 the United States " in 1847 ; and was Charge d'Affaires 
 to Peru, in 1836 ; he was the grandson of Matthew, 
 signer of the " Declaration of Independence." He 
 died at Callao, January 35, 1838, aged thirty-seven 
 years. 
 
 Thornton, Matthew. — Born in Ireland in 1714, 
 but came to this country with his father in 1717 ; 
 studied medicine in Massachusetts, but settled to 
 practice in New Hampsliire ; was appointed a Sur- 
 geon in the army ; commanded a regiment of Militia 
 
 in the Revolutionary war ; was President of the 
 "Provincial Convention" of New Hampshire; was, 
 for six years, Judge of the Su])erior Court of New 
 Hampshire, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; 
 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 1770 to 1778 ; and was one of the signers ^f the Dec- 
 laration of Independence. He also served for several 
 years in the General Court and in the State Senate : 
 was appointed Justice of the Peace and Quorum 
 throughout the State, and died at Newburyport, 
 Massachusetts, June 34, 1803. 
 
 Thornton, William. — He was born in Tortola; 
 settled in Washington about the time the seat of 
 government was established there ; in 1803 he was 
 appointed Superintendent of the Patent Office, whose 
 head was afterwards called a Commissioner; and he 
 remained in the office until 1827, when he died. He 
 was the first man appointed to take charge of the 
 Bureau, which has since become so important. He 
 was also one of the first to act as Commissioner of 
 Public Buildings in Washington. 
 
 Thorp, William. — He was a native of Dela- 
 ware, and elected Governor of that State in 1846, re- 
 maining in office until 1851. 
 
 Throckmorton, ,7. V. — Born at Sparta. Ten- 
 nessee, February 7, 1825 ; moved with his father to 
 Texas in 1841 ; was a member of the Texas Legisla- 
 ture in 1851, and served in that body until the civil 
 war in 1861 ; was elected a member of the Secession 
 Convention of Texas, and was one of the seven who 
 voted against that ordinance. In 1801 he entered the 
 Confederate service and continued actively engaged 
 until 1863 ; in that year he was elected State Senator, 
 and was appointed Brigadier-General of State troops 
 and sent to command the north-west border of the 
 State. At the time of the surrender he was negotia- 
 ting, for Texas and Confederate States, with the In- 
 dians between the Rio Grande and Arkansas Rivers ; 
 was a member of the Reconstruction Convention 
 under President Johnson's proclamation, and chosen 
 presiding officer ; was elected Governor of Texas in 
 1866, and removed under the Reconstruction Acts of 
 1869. In 1874 he was elected a Representative from 
 Texas to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Throojy, Enos T, — He was born in Johnstown, 
 
 Montgomery County, New York, August, 21, 1784; 
 while performing the duties of an attorney's clerk, 
 he acquired a classical education ; studied law, and 
 settled in Auburn ; was a Representative in Congress 
 during the years 1815 and 1816 ; in 1823 was elected 
 Circuit Judge ; in 1829, Lieutenant-Governor of New 
 York; and in 1831 was Governor of that State. In 
 1838 he was appointed Charge d'Aflfaires to the Two 
 Sicilies. 
 
 Thruston, Siickner. — Born in Virginia, about 
 the year 1763. He emigrated in early life to Ken- 
 tucky, and, being possessed of superior talents, he 
 was soon called into the public service. He was ap- 
 pointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Orleans in 
 1805, and was the same year elected a member of the 
 United States Senate from Kentucky for six years ; 
 but he resigned in 1809 on being appointed, by 
 President Madison, Judge of tbe United States Cir- 
 cuit Court of the District of Columbia, whicli office 
 he held until his death, which occurred at Washing- 
 ton, August 80, 1845. 
 
 Thurman, Allen G. — He was born in Lynch- 
 burg, Virginia, November 13, 1813 ; removed to Ohio 
 in 1819 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; 
 was a Representative from Ohio to the Twenty-ninth 
 Congress ; was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court 
 of Ohio in 1851 ; was Chief Justice of the same from 
 
420 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1854 to 1856 ; was the Democratic candidate for Gov- 
 ernor of Ohio in 1807 ; and in 1868 he was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from that State for tlie term 
 commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving on 
 tlie Committees on the Judiciary, and Post-Offices and 
 Post-Roads. Re-elected for the term ending in 1881, 
 and serving on the most important Committees, and 
 as Chairman of that on Laud Claims. 
 
 Thurman, John R, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New Yorlf from 1849 to 1851, and 
 died in New Yorli, July 25, 1854. 
 
 Thurston, Benjamin B. — He was born in 
 HopUiutou, Rliode Island, June 29, 1804; he received 
 a common scliool education ; was bred a merchant ; 
 ■was elected fourteen years in succession to the As- 
 sembly of his native State ; was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1837 ; and in 1838 was Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Rhode Island from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1851 
 to 1857. He was subsequently elected a member of 
 tlie Senate of Rhode Island. 
 
 Thlirntoil, Sumuel R. — He was born in Maine ; 
 graduated at Bowdoin College in 1843, and was a 
 Delegate in Congress from the Territory of Oregon 
 from 1849 to 1851. He died on board the steamer 
 California, on her passage from Panama to San Fran- 
 cisco, April 9, 1851. 
 
 Tibbnfts, John IV. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1847 ; also served as a Colonel in 
 the Mexican war. Died in Newton, Kentucky, July 
 12, 1853, aged fifty years. 
 
 Tibbetts, Qeorge, — -He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1803 to 1805, and a 
 member of the State Assembly from Rensselaer 
 County in 1802 and 1820, and of the State Senate 
 from 1815 to 1818. 
 
 Tichenor, Isaac. — He was born in Newark, New 
 Jersey, February 8, 1754 : graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1775 ; and died at Bennington, Vermont, De- 
 cember 11, 1838. He was an officer of the Revolution ; 
 a Judge and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 Vermont ; a Representative in the State Legislature ; 
 and a Senator in Congress during the sessions of 1796 
 and 1797, when he resigned ; Governor of Vermont 
 from 1798 to 1800 ; and again in the Senate from 1815 
 to 1821. He was a member of tlie State Council of 
 Censors in 1792 and 1813 ; a Boundary Commissioner ; 
 and a General Agent of the Government. 
 
 Tiffin, Edward. — Born at Carlisle, England, 
 June 19, 1706 ; emigrated to the United States in 
 1786, and settled at Charlestown, Virginia ; removed 
 to Chillicotlie in 1798 ; was Speaker of the Territorial 
 Legislature in 1799 ; President of the Ohio Constitu- 
 tional Convention in 1802 ; and elected first Governor 
 of the State from 1803 to 1807 ; United States Sen- 
 ator from Ohio from 1807 to 1809 ; appointed Commis- 
 sioner of the General Land Office in 1812 by President 
 Madi.son ; resigned in 1815, when appointed Surveyor- 
 General of the North-west, which position he held 
 until his death, which occurred in Chillicothe, August 
 9, 1829. 
 
 Tift, Nelson. — He was elected a Representative 
 from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Expenditures in the Treasury De- 
 partment. Declined by letter to give the author any 
 information about himself. 
 
 Til (J en, Daniel R. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 
 1847. 
 
 Tilden, Sanmel .7. — Born in New Lebanon, Co- 
 lumbia County, New York, in 1814, and is of old Pur- 
 itan stock ; received his education at Yale College, 
 and the University of New York ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law ; in 1846 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature, and soon afterwards to the State Consti- 
 tutional Convention, and also to that held in 1867, of 
 which he was a ruling member, as well as at the head 
 of the State Democratic Committee ; he was again 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1870, and in 1874 
 he was elected Governor of New York, in which capac- 
 ity he has been called upon to grapple with some of 
 the most noted corruptions of the State, winning 
 the approbation of good men of all political parties. 
 As a lawyer he was formerly engaged in many im- 
 portant trials, and been identified with many leading 
 business enterprises of the country. 
 
 TiUjhmun, Edward. — Born at Wye, on the 
 Eastern Shore of Maryland, December 11,1750 ; studied 
 in the best schools of Philadelphia, and in the Middle 
 Temple, London, from 1772 to 1774. He was long a 
 successful practitioner at the Pliiladelphia bar ; was 
 tendered the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court in 1806 ; but declined it, and recommended in 
 his stead, his kinsmen, William Tilghman. Died 
 November 1, 1815. 
 
 TiU)hman, 3Iattheir. — He was a Delegate 
 from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1774 
 to 1777. 
 
 Tilghman, Tench. — Bom in Baltimore in 1744 ; 
 was a merchant before the Revolution ; was Confi- 
 dential Secretary and Aide-de-camp to Washington in 
 1776 ; appointed Lieutenant in 1777 ; he bore to Con- 
 gress the news of the surrender of Cornwallis, Octo- 
 ber 29, 1781, and received from that body a vote of 
 plaudit for his merit and abilities. In 1781, Wash- 
 ington said of him : "He has been in every action in 
 which the main army was concerned, and has been a 
 faithful assistant to me for five years, a great part of 
 which time, he refused to receive pay." Died in Bal- 
 timore, April 18, 1786. 
 
 Tilf/hman. William. — Born in Talbot County, 
 Maryland, August 12, 1756 ; removed to Philadelphia 
 with his father ; commenced the study of law in 1774 ; 
 admitted to the bar in 1783 ; began to practice in 
 Philadelphia in 1793 ; was appointed Chief Judge of 
 the United States Circuit Court in 1801 ; President of 
 the Court of Common Pleas in 1805 ; and Chief Jus- 
 tice of the State Supreme Court in 1806, in place of 
 Edward, who declined ; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture for several years, from 1788 ; received the degree 
 of LL.D. from Harvard University in 1814 ; was Pres- 
 ident of the Philosophical Society in 1824 ; prepared in 
 1809 a report of the English Statutes in force within 
 the State ; an eulogium on Dr. Wistar in 1818 ; an 
 address before the Philadelphia Society for promoting 
 agriculture. Died in Philadelphia, August 13, 1756. 
 
 Tillinghast, Joseph L. — Born in Taunton, 
 Massachusetts, in 1791, and removed to Rhode Island 
 in his boyhood. He graduated at Brown University 
 in 1819, and received the degree of M.A. ; in 1833 
 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of 
 that institution. He studied law, and devoted him- 
 self to its practice in Providence, with marked suc- 
 cess for thirty years, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Rhode Island from 1837 to 1843. He 
 was also for many years a member of the State Legis- 
 lature, and was elected Speaker on several occasions ; 
 and to him was awarded the authorship of the free 
 schools, and improved judiciary systems of his native 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 427 
 
 bate. Died December 30, 1844, at Providence, Rtode 
 land. 
 
 Tillinghast, Thoniaf).— Born in Rhode Island, 
 id was for many years a Judge of the Supreme 
 ourt of that State. He was a RepresentatiTe in Con- 
 ressfrom Rhode Island from 1797 to 1799, and again 
 ■om 1801 to 1803. 
 
 TiUiitaii, Leifin. — Born in Bedford County, 
 ennessee, August 18, 1816 ; received a common- 
 •hool education ; devoted himself to farming ; was 
 lerk of the Circuit Court from 1853 to 1800 ; also of 
 le Chancery Court from 1865 to 1868 ; and was 
 ected a Representative from Tennessee to the For- 
 '-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Pat- 
 its, and Freedmen's Affairs. 
 
 Tilfon, Daniel. — He was appointed in 1798, by 
 resident Adams, United States Judge for the Terri- 
 fy of Mississippi. 
 
 TiltOH, fTuines. — Was born in Delaware, June 1, 
 (51 ; was a physician by profession, and became dis- 
 nguished as a Surgeon during the Revolutionary 
 i''ar. From 1777 to the close of the war, he acted as 
 hospital Surgeon, and introduced the use of hospital 
 uts. After the war he resided for a few years on a 
 irm in his native State. Was a Delegate in tlie Con- 
 nental Congress from 1783 to 1785. In 1785 he was 
 ppointed Commissioner of Loans. In 1813 he was 
 ppointed Surgeon -General of the United States 
 Tmy. He published "Observations on Military 
 lospitals," and some papers on agriculture. He died 
 lay 14, 1823. 
 
 Tipton, John. — He was born in Tennessee in 
 785 ; removed to Indiana in 1800 ; and was a Sena- 
 -)r in Congress from Indiana from 1831 to 1839 ; and 
 ied at Logansport, of apoplexy, in 1839. 
 
 Tiptoi), Thomas IF.— He was born in Harri- 
 on County, Oliio, in 1817 ; spent his early life on a 
 arm ; graduated at Madison College, Pennsylvania ; 
 11 1840 : studied law, and came to the bar in 1844 ; 
 n 1845 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; was 
 or three years at the head of a Division of the Gen- 
 ral Land Office in Washington ; removed to Nebras- 
 a Territory, and was chosen a Delegate to the " Con- 
 titutional Convention ; " in 1860 was a Councilman 
 n the Territorial Legislature ; having studied theol- 
 igy, he served during the Rebellion as Chaplain of 
 he First Regiment of Nebraska Infantry ; and was 
 lected a Senator in Congress from the new State, for 
 he term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1869, serv 
 ng on the Committees on Agriculture, Pensions, 
 md Public Lands. 
 
 Titcomb, Jonathan, — Born in Newbury, Mas- 
 lachusetis, in 1738 ; was a member of the Committee 
 )f Safety, and the Provincial Congress in 1774 and 
 1775 ; Colonel of a Regiment in the Rhode Island Ex- 
 wdition in 1778; member of the State Convention in 
 1780: Brigadier-General of Militia; and Naval Offl- 
 !er of Newbury port from 1789 to 1813. Died in 
 1817. 
 
 Titus, John. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 ind was appointed from that State an Associate Jus- 
 tice of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 irizonia, and subsequently appointed Chief Justice 
 if the same Court for the Territory of Utah, presiding 
 It Salt Lake City. 
 
 Titus, Ohadiah. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. 
 
 Tod, David. — Born at Youngstown, Ohio, Feb- 
 
 ruary 21, 1805 ; studied with his father, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1827, and practiced at Warren 
 fifteen years ; in 1838 was a member of the State Sen- 
 ate ; in 1840 took the stump for Van Buren ; in 1844 
 was nominated Governor, but defeated by a small ma- 
 jority ; was Minister to Brazil from 1847 to 1853 ; a 
 Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1800; and 
 was first Vice-President of that body ; when the 
 southern wing of that party withdrew to Baltimore, 
 he was its President. He warmly advocated the 
 Peace Measures before and after the Peace Congress 
 at Washington. Was elected Governor of Ohio in 
 1803 ; and gave his supjiort to the Government during 
 his term of two years. Died in Youngstown, Ohio, 
 November 13, 1808. 
 
 Tod, George. — Born in Suffield, Connecticut, 
 December 11, 1773 ; graduated at Yale College in 
 1795; in 1800, he settled in Georgetown, Ohio; he 
 was State Senator in 1804 and 1805 ; Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of the State from 1806 to 1809 ; President 
 Judge of the Third Judicial District from 1815 to 
 1834 ; was subsequently Prosecuting Attorney for 
 Warren County. He was Lieutenant-Colonel in the 
 War of 1813 ; and was distinguished in the defense of 
 Fort Meigs in 1813. He was the father of Governor 
 Tod. Died in Warren County, Ohio, April 11, 1841. 
 
 Tod. John. — He was a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania, and died at Bedford in that 
 State, May 37, 1830, in the fifty-first year of his age. 
 
 Todd, Charles S. — Was born near Danville, 
 Kentucky, January 33, 1791 ; was educated at the 
 best schools of the State , graduated at William and 
 Mary College in 1809 ; studied law with his father. 
 Judge Tbomaa Todd ; and attended the lectures at 
 Litchfield ; practiced at Lexington in 1811 ; entered 
 the army in 1813 as Acting Quarter-master of the 
 North-Western Division ; was on General Harrison's 
 staff, and bearer of dispatches to General Winches- 
 ter, previous to the battle of the River Raison ; was 
 Captain of the Seventeenth United States Infantry ; 
 and then Aid to the Commander; was Deputy-Iu- 
 spector-General of the Eighth Military District; then 
 Adjutant-General ; and in 1815 Inspector-tieneral, 
 with rank of Brevet-Colonel of Cavalry ; after the 
 war he practiced law in Frankfort ; was Secretary of 
 State under Madison in 1816 ; a member of the 
 Legislature in 1817 and 1818 ; Charge d'Affaires to 
 Columbia from 1818 to 1833; and on his return set- 
 tled in Shelby County as a farmer ; was Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the State Agricultural Society for several 
 years ; he prepared sketches of the life of Harrison 
 in 1840; and edited the Cincinnati Republican; ac- 
 companied General Harrison to Washington in 1841 ; 
 was selected by him as Minister to Vienna, but his 
 death prevented the appointment ; received the mis- 
 sion to St. Petersburg, from President Tyler in 1841, 
 and held the position till he was recalled by Polk in 
 1845 ; after which he retired to private life in Ken- 
 tucky. He died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, May 11, 
 1871. 
 
 Todd, John. — He was born in Hartford, Con- 
 necticut, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1834. Died March 28, 
 1830. 
 
 Todd, John B. S. — Born in Lexington, Ken- 
 tucky, April 4, 1814 ; when thirteen years of age 
 went with his parents to Illinois ; graduated at West 
 Point in 1837 ; .served in the army eighteen years, 
 rendering much important service ; after his retire- 
 ment from the army, he became a trader with the 
 Indians ; in 1861 he was elected a Delegate to Con- 
 gress from Dakota ; when the Rebellion commenced 
 he was appointed a Brigadier-General, and com- 
 
428 
 
 BIOGKAPniCAL ANNALS. 
 
 -r^p'- 
 
 manded a division in tlie army of Tennessee ; was 
 re-elected a Delegate to Congress where he served 
 until 1865; he was one of the founders of Yankton, 
 and claimed aa the leading citizen of Dakota in his 
 time ; and he died at Yankton, January 5, 1872. He 
 was connected by marriage with Abraham Lincoln, 
 and John C. Breckenridge. 
 
 Todd, Lemuel. — He was born July 39, 1817, in 
 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduated at Dickinson Col- 
 lege ; studied and practiced law ; was elected to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress : served in the Rebellion as 
 Major of tlie First Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Reserve Corps, and afterwards as Inspector-Uen- 
 eral of Pennsylvania ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 third Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 Navy Department and Elections. 
 
 Todd, Thomas. — Born in King and Queen 
 County, Virginia, January 23, 176.5 ; was left an or- 
 phan at the age of eleven ; received a good English 
 education; was a soldier of the Revolution; emi- 
 grated to Kentucky in 1786, and began to practice 
 law at Danville ; was Clerk of the District Court of 
 Kentucky until 1799 ; Clerk of the Court of Appeals 
 from 1799 to 1801 ; Judge of that Court from 1801 to 
 1806; Chief Justice of Kentucky in 1806 and 1807; 
 Associate Judge of the Supreme Court from 1807 till 
 his death, which occurred February 7, 1826. He was 
 the father of Charles Scott. 
 
 Toland, George JF. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1837 to 1843. Graduated at Prince- 
 ton College in 1816. 
 
 Tomlinson, Gideon. — He was born at Strat- 
 ford, Connecticut, December 31, 1780, and graduated 
 at Y''ale College in 1802. He studied law, and 
 practiced the profession in Fairfield. He was then 
 called to public life, and in 1818 was chosen a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress, in which office he was con- 
 tinued till 1827. In that year he was chosen Gover- 
 nor of Connecticut, and remained in that station un- 
 til March, 1831, when, on being elected a Senator of 
 the United States, he resigned his office as Governor. 
 After six years' service he returned to private life. 
 Died October 8, iSoi, at Fairfield, Connecticut. 
 
 Toinlinson, Thomas A. — He was bom in New 
 York ; served in the State Assembly from Essex Coun- 
 ty in 1835 and 1836, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Tomktns, Caleb, — He wae born in West- 
 chester County, New York, and was a member of the 
 New York Assembly from that county from 1804 to 
 1806 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1817 to 1831. 
 
 TornJcius, Christopher. — He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 
 1835 ; and died at Glasgow, Kentucky, in 1845. 
 
 Tomlchis, Ci/diior S. — Born in Belmont Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, November 8, 1810, and was educated at the 
 Ohio Univecsity, at Athens ; was bred a farmer, and 
 afterwards studied law, having practiced for twenty- 
 two years ; and was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on the Militia. Re-elected to 
 the Tliirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Military Affairs. 
 
 Tomlchis, Daniel D. — He was bom in West- 
 chester County, New York, June 31, 1774. His father 
 was a farmer, and he was his seventh son. He 
 graduated at Columbia College in 1795, then stud- 
 
 led law and was admitted to practice in the City 
 of New York in 1797. In 1821 he was a mem- 
 ber of the "Constitutional Convention" of the 
 State, and also served in the State Legislature. Ho 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from 1805 to 
 1807, but resigned to accept an appointment as Asso- 
 ciate Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 
 1807 he was elected Governor of the State, and held 
 that office two-' years. His aid in support of the Na- 
 tional Government during the War of 1812 gave him 
 prominence as a statesman. He prorogued the State 
 Legislature in 1812 for the space of ten mouths, to 
 prevent the establishment of the Bank of America in 
 the City of New York ; his opposition postponed, but 
 did not defeat the measure, and a charter was granted 
 in 1813. In 1817 he resigned the office of Governor, 
 and was elected Vice-President of the United States, 
 and served two years ; by virtue of which office he 
 was also President of the Senate. He died in New 
 York, June 11, 1825. 
 
 Tompkins, Georr/e. — He was an early settler of 
 Missouri ; Judge of the State Supreme Court from 
 1828 to 1840 ; Chief Justice from 1840 to 1846. Died 
 near Jefferson City, Missouri, April 7, 1846, aged 
 sixty -six years. 
 
 Tompkiits, Patrick W. — He was born in 
 Kentucky, and settling in Mississippi, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 
 to 1849. 
 
 Toombs, Mobert, — He was born in Wilkes Coun- 
 ty, Georgia, July 3, 1810. The first three years of his 
 collegiate life were spent at the University of Georgia, 
 but he left it during the senior year, and went to 
 Schenectady, New York, and graduated at Union Col- 
 lege. He read law at the University of Virginia, 
 under Judge Lomas ; was admitted to the bar of 
 Georgia in 1839, and practiced regularly until his 
 election to Congress in 1845. His first public service 
 was as Captaiu of Volunteers in the Creek War, in 
 1836, under General Winfield Scott. In 1837 he was 
 elected to the Legislature from his native county, 
 where he now resides, and, with the exception of 
 1841, continued a member of the lower branch until 
 his election to the Federal House of Representatives, 
 where he served during the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, 
 Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses. He en- 
 tered the Senate during the Thirty-third Congress for 
 six years, and was re-elected for a second term ending 
 March 4, 1865. In the House and also in the Senate, 
 he always served on important Committees. He was 
 expelled March 14, 1861, and became Secretary of 
 State in the Rebel government, and was also a Briga- 
 dier-General in the great Rebellion. 
 
 Toomer, John D, — He was born in Wilming- 
 ton, North Carolina, and educated at Chapel Hill Col- 
 lege ; in 1818 he was elected Judge of the Superior 
 Court, but resigned ; in 1839 he was elected to the 
 Supreme Court, but soon resigned that position also ; 
 in 1831 he was elected to the State Legislature ; and 
 In 1836 he was again elected to the Superior Court, 
 which position he held four years, and then resigned 
 — preferring the retirement of private life. 
 
 Touceif, Isaac, — He was born in Newtown, Con- 
 necticut, November 5, 1796 ; received a thorough 
 classical education ; studied law, and commenced the 
 practice at Hartford in 1818 ; was ajjpointed State's 
 Attorney in 1823 and continued to hold that office 
 until 1835 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 Connecticut from 18.35 to 1839 ; Governor of the State 
 from 1846 to 1817 ; was appointed Attorney-General 
 of the United States by President Polk ; was a State 
 Senator in 1850 ; a Senator in Congress from 1852 to 
 1857 ; and in March of the latter year he went into 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 429 
 
 'resident Buchanan's Cabinet as Secretary of the 
 savy, serving as such until 1861. He subsequently 
 ounded two scholarships in Trinity College ; and 
 lied in Hartford, Jnly 30, 1869. 
 
 Tonltnin, Havrji. — Born at Taunton, England, 
 n 1797 ; was a dissenting minister at Chorobert, Lan- 
 ashire ; came to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1793 ; Presi- 
 [ent of Transylvania University from 1794 to 1796; 
 Secretary of State of KentucJty from 1796 to 1804 ; 
 ippointed Judge of United States District Court of 
 liississippi in 1804 ; compiled Digest of Territorial 
 jaws of Alabama in 1823 ; assisted in framing the 
 constitution of Alabama in her Convention, and served 
 n the Legislature. Author of " Description of Ken- 
 ucky," 8vo, 1793 ; " Magistrate's Assistant," 8vo ; 
 ' Supposed Welsh Indians," Nic. Journal, 1809 ; 
 ' Collection of the Acts of Kentucky," 1802 ; and 
 vith James Blair, " Review of the Criminal Law of 
 Kentucky," 8vo, 1804. 
 
 Toirfes, T/iomns. — He was bom in Ireland, and 
 veil educated ; in 1813 he was appointed United 
 Hates Judge for the Territory of Illinois ; and after 
 he State government had been organized, he was ap- 
 )ointed District Judge, but held the office only a short 
 ime. 
 
 Totvns, George W. — Born in Wilkes County 
 Georgia, May 4, 1803. He was prevented by ill-health 
 Tom receiving a collegiate education, and commenced 
 ife as a merchant ; afterwards studied law ; was ad- 
 nitted to the bar of Alabama in 1834, and for a time 
 jerformed the duties of editor of a political paper, 
 'n 1836 he returned to Georgia, and settled in 'Talbot 
 :^ounty. He served for several years in both branches 
 )f the Legislature of that State, and was a Repre- 
 ientative in Congress from 183.5 to 1839, and was re- 
 ilected in 1846 ; his last public position was that of 
 jiovernor of Georgia, to which office he was elected in 
 [847, and was re-elected in 1849. He died at Macon, 
 luly 15, 1854. 
 
 Townsend, Dwifjhf, — He was born in the City 
 5f New York in 1826 ; educated at the Grammar 
 school of Columbia College ; entered mercantile life 
 when twenty-one years of age; retired from business 
 in 186'i ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative 
 from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, to 
 fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry 
 Gf. Stebbins, serving on the Committees on Coinage, 
 Weights and Measures. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, serving on the Committee on Com- 
 merce. 
 
 Toivnuend, George. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1819. 
 
 Town send, James, — He was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from New York to the Second Congress, 
 but died in May, 1791. 
 
 Toivnsend, Martin J.— Born in Hancock, 
 Massachusetts, February 6, 1810 ; was educated at 
 Williams College, and graduated in 1833 ; from 1816 
 to 1833 he had resided upon a farm with his parents, 
 at Williamstown, Massachusetts. In 1833 he began 
 the practice of law at Troy, New York, and is still 
 engaged in his profession there. He was District 
 Attorney of Rensselaer County from 1843 to 1845 ; 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention for 
 the State at Large in 1867 and 1868 ; has been for 
 several years a Regent of the University of New 
 York, and was elected a Rrepresentative from New 
 York to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Townsend, N, S.—He was born in England, 
 
 and, having settled in Oliio, was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Townsend, Washington. — Born in West- 
 chester, Pennsylvania, in 1813 ; in 1833, he became a 
 teller in the Bank of Chester County, during which 
 service he studied law, and came to the bar in 1844 ; 
 served two terms as Deputy State's Attorney ; was 
 Cashier of tlie Chester County Bank, which position 
 he resigned in 1857, to devote all his attention to the 
 practice of law ; he was a Delegate to the Baltimore 
 National Convention of 1853, and also to tlie Chicago 
 Convention of 1860; and in 1868, he was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Public 
 Lands, and Education and Labor. Re-elected to the 
 three succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Public Lands. 
 
 Tracy, Albert H. — He was born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut, June 17, 1793 ; received a good classical 
 education ; studied medicine with his father, but 
 when eighteen years of age he removed to New York 
 State, studied law, and was admitted to the bar In 
 1815 ; and he served three terms in Congress as a 
 Representative from a district comprehending almost 
 the whole of that part of New York west of Seneca 
 Lake, from 1819 to 1835 ; and in 1829 he was elected 
 to the Senate of New York for four years, and was 
 re-elected for a second term of four years. He was a 
 supporter of Mr. Adams for President, and declined 
 a seat in his Caljinet ; he also declined a Judgeship 
 tendered by Governor Clinton. Died at Buffalo, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1859. 
 
 Tracy, Andrew. — He was born in Vermont, 
 educated a law)-er ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1853 to 1855. He also 
 served ten years in Ijoth branches of the State Legis- 
 liiture, and was Speaker from 1843 to 1845. Died in 
 Woodstock, Vermont, October 38, 1868. 
 
 Tracy, H. JF.— He was born in Luzerne County, 
 Pennsylvania, September 34, 1807 ; was bred a far- 
 mer, and devoted some attention to mercantile pur- 
 suits ; in 1861 and 1863 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature ; and was a member of the " Chicago 
 Convention " which nominated Mr. Lincoln for Presi- 
 dent ; and was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees for the District of Columbia, and on 
 Expenditures in the Navy Department. He was also 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union 
 Convention " of 1866 
 
 Tracy, Phineas L. — He was born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Genessee 
 County, New York, from 1837 to 1833, and was a 
 member of the Committee on Expenditures on Public 
 Buildings. 
 
 Tracy, ZTri. — He was born in Franklin, Connec 
 ticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1789 ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 1805 
 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813 ; and died in 
 1813. 
 
 Tracy, Uriah.— Bom in Franklin, Connecticut, 
 February 3, 1755 ; graduated at Yale College in 1778 ; 
 read law in Litchfield, and settled in that town. He 
 was often chosen a State Representative, and in 1793 
 was Speaker of the House. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from 1798 to 1796 ; and from 1796 to 1807 
 a Senator of the United States, officiating for a short 
 time as President pro tem. of the Senate. He was 
 also a Major-General of Militia ; commanded the re- 
 spect and enjoyed the friendship of the leading men 
 
430 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 of his time, and died at Washington City, July 19, 
 1807, and was the first person buried in the Congres- 
 sional burying-ground. 
 
 Trnfton, 3Inrh. — He was born in Maine ; and 
 elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Train, Charles B. — Born in Framingham, Mas- 
 sachusetts in 1817 ; worked on a farm until fifteen ; 
 graduated at Brown University in 1837 ; studied law, 
 and finislied his legal education at Cambridge, com- 
 ing to the bar in 1841 ; he was elected to the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature in 1847 ; from 1848 to 1851 was 
 District Attorney for Northern Massachusetts ; in 
 1853 he was appointed, by President Fillmore, an 
 Associate Judge of the United States Court in Oregon, 
 but declined the office ; he was a member of the 
 " State Constitutional Convention " of 1853 ; was a 
 second time appointed District Attorney ; in 1857 and 
 1858 he served as a member of the State Council ; and 
 he was elected a Representative from Massacliusetts 
 to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings. 
 During the autumn of 18H3 he served in the army as 
 a Volunteer Aid on the Staff of his friend. General 
 Gordon, and was present at the battle of Antietam. 
 He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Conven- 
 tion " of 1864 ; and the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 1866. In 1875 he was elected Attorney- 
 General of Massachusetts. 
 
 Trapier, Pa.tll, — He was a Delegate from South 
 Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 
 1778. 
 
 Treadivell, •Tohn. — Born in Farmington, Con- 
 necticut, November 23, 1745 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1767, and studied law, and filled the office of 
 Judge of Probate, and of other courts. From 1785 to 
 1786 lie was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. 
 In 1809 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and 
 served two years. He was the first President of the 
 American Foreign Mission Society, and was a general 
 contributor to that and other cliaritable institutions. 
 He died August 19, 1833. 
 
 Treat, Samuel, — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire ; removed to Missouri and settled in St. Louis ; 
 and in 1857 he was appointed United States Judge 
 for the Eastern District of Missouri. This informa- 
 tion comes to the compiler in official form, but the 
 presumption is that this and Samuel H. , Jr., are the 
 same person. The only mode of ascertaining the 
 truth was tried, but without success. 
 
 Treat, Samuel H, — He was born in Otsego 
 County, New York, June 21, 1813 ; and in 1855 was 
 appointed United States District Judge for the East- 
 ern District of Missouri and Southern District of 
 Illinois, residing in Springfield in the latter State. 
 He requested the compiler not to publish any further 
 information in regard to his public life. 
 
 Tredway, William JW.— He was bom in Vir- 
 ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 tliat State from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Tredwell, Thomas, — He was born in Smith- 
 town, Suffolk County, Long Island, in 1743, and 
 graduated at Princeton College in 1764. He was a 
 member from Suffolk County of the Provincial Con- 
 gress of the Colony of New York in 1775 and 1776, 
 and of tlie Convention of Representatives of the State 
 of New York in 1776 and 1777, by which the first Con- 
 stitution of the State of New York was adopted, and 
 
 was for many years the last surviving member of the 
 latter body. He also represented his native county 
 in the Convention of 1788, to deliberate upon tlie 
 adoption of the Federal Constitution, and, with the 
 other " anti-federalists " of that body, voted against 
 its adoption. From 1777 to 1783 he was a member 
 of the Assembly, and from 1786 to 1789 of the State 
 Senate from the .same county. He was the first Judge 
 of the Court of Probate of the State, serving from 
 1778 to 1787, and subsequently Surrogate of Suffolk 
 County from 1787 to 1791. He was a member of 
 Congress from his native district from 1791 to 1795. 
 He was one of the original proprietors of Platts- 
 burg, Clinton County, New York, to which place 
 he removed in its infancy, near the close of the last 
 century. In 1801 he represented the Counties of 
 Clinton and Essex in the " State Constitutional Con- 
 vention " of that year, of which Aaron Burr was 
 President. He was again elected to the State Senate 
 and served from 1803 to 1807 ; was appointed Surro- 
 gate of Clinton County in 1807, and held that office 
 until 1831, making an almost continuous term of pnb- 
 lic service of fifty-six years. His house and farm at 
 Plattsburg were pillaged by the British at their in- 
 vasion in July, 1813. He died 'at Plattsburg, Janu- 
 ary 30, 1832. His grandson, Thomas Tredwell Davis, 
 was a member of tlie Tliirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth 
 Congresses. 
 
 Trentain, Lyman, — He was born in Durham, 
 New York, June 14, 1819 ; received a liberal educa- 
 tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1840 ; was 
 elected Supervisor in 1843 ; appointed District At- 
 torney of Greene County in 1844 ; was elected County 
 Judge and Surrogate in 1846 ; elected Attorney Gen- 
 eral of the State of New York in 1858 ; in '1866 a 
 member of As.sembly from the City of Albany, and 
 was Speaker in 1867 ; and was elected to the Forty 
 third Congress, serving on the Committees on the 
 Judiciary and other important committees. 
 
 Tresdott, William H. — He was born in South 
 Carolina ; received a liberal education ; in 1853' he 
 was appointed Secretary of Legation to London ; and 
 in 1860 received the appointment of Assistant Secre- 
 tary of State in Washington. 
 
 Trezvant, ,James. — He was born in Sussex 
 County, Virginia ; was a lawyer by profession ; was 
 Attorney for the State ; member of the State Legis- 
 lature, and of the "Constitutional Convention" of 
 1830 ; a Representative in Congress from Virginia 
 from 1825 to 1831, serving during his last term as. 
 Chairman of the Committee on Military Pensions. 
 He died in 1838. 
 
 Trigg, Abram, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1809. 
 
 Trigg, Connally F, — He was born in Virginia; 
 removed to Tennessee and settled in Bristol ; and in 
 1863 he was appointed United States Judge for the 
 Eastern District of Tennessee. 
 
 Trigg f John, — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1797 to 1804. 
 
 Trimble, Allen. — ^Born at Augusta County, Vir- 
 ginia, November 24. 1783 ; settled in Highland 
 County, Ohio, where he was Clerk of the Courts and 
 Recorder from 1809 to 1816 ; commanded a mounted 
 regiment under Harrison, 1813 and 1813 ; in 1816 
 State Representative ; frcmi 1817 to 1836 State Sena- 
 tor, and Speaker from 1819 to 1826 ; acting Governor 
 in 1831 and 1822; Governor from 1836 to 1830 ; and 
 President of the first State Board of Agriculture from 
 1846 to 1848. Died in Hillsborough, Ohio, February. 
 3, 1870. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 431 
 
 Trimble, Cari/ A, — Born in Hillsborough, Oliio, 
 September 18, 1818 ; graduated at the Ohio Univer- 
 Bitv in 1883; studied medicine, and received a medi- 
 cal diploma from the Cincinnati Medical College in 
 1886 ; in 1837 was appointed Demonstrator of Anat- 
 omy in his Alma Mater, which position he held until 
 1841, when he settled in Chillicnthe ; in 1889, on ac- 
 count of his health, he retired from his profession, 
 and devoted himself to farming; and was elected a 
 Kepresentative from Ohio to tlie Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. 
 Ke-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congi'ess. 
 
 Trimble David, — He was born in Frederick 
 County, Virginia, about the year 1783 ; educated at 
 William and Mary College ; studied law, and wlien 
 he came of age removed to Kentucky. He was en- 
 gaged in the war of 1813, serving two campaigns 
 under General Harrison. In 1817 he was chosen a 
 member of Congress from Kentucky, and served 
 without interruption till 1837, being highly esteemed 
 for the integrity of his principles and his devotion to 
 Lis public duties. After his retirement from Con- 
 gress, he became engaged in agriculture and the 
 iron manufacture, and in the latter interest he did 
 much to develop the resources of the State. He died 
 at Trimble's Furnace, Kentucky, October 36, 1843. 
 
 Trimble, tTohn. — He was born in Roane Coun- 
 ty, Tennessee, February 7, 1813 ; graduated at the 
 Nashville University ; studied law and adopted the 
 profession ; from 1836 to 1841 he was Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of the State for the Nashville District ; was a 
 member of the State Assemlily from 1848 to 1845 ; 
 of the State Senate from 184.5 to 1847 ; and again 
 from 1859 to 1861 ; in 1863 he was appointed, by 
 President Lincoln, District Attorney of the United 
 States for Middle Tennessee, which he resigned in 
 1864; was again in the State Senate from 1865 to 
 1867, when he resigned; and he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Freednien's Affairs, 
 and Private Land Claims. 
 
 Trimble, John Harrison, — Born in Clark 
 County, Kentucky, in 1783 ; was a Circuit Judge, and 
 subsequently a Judge of the Court of Appeals. Died 
 in Harrison County, June 17, 1853. 
 
 Trimble, Luwrence S. — He was bom in Flem- 
 ing, Kentucky, August 26, 1835 ; received a good 
 English education ; studied law and adopted that 
 profession ; was a member of the Kentucky Legis- 
 lature in 1851 and 1853 ; was Judge of the Equity 
 and Criminal Court of the First Judicial District of 
 the State from 1856 to 1860 ; from 1860 to October, 
 1865, was President of the New Orleans and Oliio 
 Railroad Company, and was elected a Representative 
 from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, on Manu- 
 factures, and Revenue Frauds. Re-elected to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and placed on the 
 Committees on Invalid Pensions and Indian Affairs. 
 
 Trimble, Robert. — Born in Berkley County, 
 Virginia, in 1776 ; received a good plain education ; 
 studied law, came to the bar in 1803, and settled in 
 Kentucky ; was soon afterwards elected to the State 
 Legislature ; in 1808 he was chosen Judge of the 
 Court of Appeals, but soon resigned the position ; in 
 1810 he was made Chief Justice of the State ; in 1818 
 District Attorney for the State ; in 1816 he was ap- 
 pointed Federal Judge of Kentucky by President 
 Madison, and in 1836 he was appointed, by President 
 J. Q. Adams, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. A County was named for him in 
 Kentucky, and he died August 35, 1838. 
 
 Trimble, William. — He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky ; well educated and a successful lawyer ; was 
 an early emigrant to the Territory of Arkansas, where 
 he was appointed United States Judge for that Ter- 
 ritory, remaining in office until 1833. 
 
 Trimble, William A, — Born in W^oodford, 
 Kentucky, April 4, 1786 ; educated at Transylvania 
 University, studied law with his relative. Judge Rob- 
 bert Trimble, and afterwards at Litchfield, Connecti- 
 cut, and settled to practice in Highland, Ohio, 1811 ; 
 was Adjutant in the regiment of his brother in 1813 ; 
 was Major of Ohio Volunteers in 1813 ; Major Sixth 
 Infantry in 1813 ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for 
 gallantry at Foit Erie sortie in 1814, in which he was 
 severely woun ed ; Lieutenant-Colonel of First In- 
 fantry from 1814 to 1819 ; United States Senator 
 from Ohio from 1819 to 1831 ; Commissioner with 
 General Cass to treat with the North-western Indians 
 at Green Bay. Died in Washington, District of Col- 
 umbia, December 13, 1831. 
 
 Triplett, Thilip, — He was bom in Virginia, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky 
 from 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Tripp, Robert P. — He was bom in Georgia, and 
 was elected a Representative in Congress from that 
 State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. 
 
 Trotter, F, Jatnes. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Mississippi during the year 1838. 
 
 Troup, George M. — Born on the Tombigbee 
 River, September 8, 1780 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College ; studied law ; and in 1800 was elected to the 
 Legislature of Georgia, and re-elected for four tei'ms ; 
 was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 
 1807 to 1815 ; and a Senator from 1816 to 1818, and 
 from 1839 to 1834. From 1833 to 1837 he was Gov- 
 ernor of that State. He died in Laurens County, 
 Georgia, May 3, 1856. He was an advocate of State 
 rights, and the champion of State sovereignty. 
 
 Troup, Robert. — Born in New York in 1757 ; 
 graduated at Columbia College in 1774 ; studied law 
 in the office of John Jay ; joined the Revolutionary 
 Army at Long Island, as a Lieutenant, in 1776 ; was 
 shortly after appointed Aide to General Woodhall, 
 and was taken prisoner at the battle of Long Island, 
 and confined for some time in the Jersey pri.son-ship, 
 and afterwards in the Provost prison in New York, 
 but was exchanged in 1777 and joined the army in 
 New Jersey. He joined General Gates, as Aide, at 
 Saratoga, and was at the battle of Stillwater, and at 
 the surrender of Burgoyne in 1777 ; he was appointed 
 by Congress, in 1778, Secretary of the Board of War ; 
 in 1779 went to New Jersey and completed his law 
 studies. After the peace he was Judge of tlie United 
 States District Court of New York, and held that 
 office many years, and was member of the State Legis- 
 lature. He published in 1823 a letter on the Lake 
 Canal policy of New York ; " Vindication of the 
 Claim of Elkanah W^atson" in 1831 ; " Remarks on 
 Trinity Church Bill" in 1813. He was the warm per- 
 sonal friend of Hamilton. Resided for many years, 
 at Geneva as agent of the great Pulteney estate. Died 
 in New York, January 14, 1833. 
 
 Trousdale, William. — Born in Tennessee ; ap- 
 pointed Colonel of Tennessee mounted volunteers in 
 the Florida War, in 1836 ; Colonel of the Fourth In- 
 fantry in 1847 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, for gallant 
 and meritorious conduct at Chapultepec, in 1848, 
 Avhere he was severely wounded ; was Governor of 
 Tennessee from 1841 to 1851 ; and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to Brazil in 1853. 
 
432 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 Tvout, Mivhael C. — He was bom in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Trowbridge, Roivland E. — Was born in El- 
 mira, New York, June 18, 1831 ; removed with his 
 parents to Michigan, when a mere child ; graduated 
 at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1841 ; has been devoted 
 all his life to the business of farming ; was elected 
 to the Senate of Michigan in 1856 and 1858 ; and in 
 1860 was elected a Representative from Michigan to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. He was 
 also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and 
 Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " Loyalists' Convention ; " and was re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Agriculture. 
 
 Trueft, George. — Was Governor of Delaware 
 from 1808 to 1811. Died in Camden, Delaware, Oc- 
 tober 8, 1818, aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Triiniho, Andrew. — A native of Kentucky; 
 was born in Montgomery County, now Bath, Septem- 
 ber 13, 1799; lie had a limited English education, and 
 at the age of fifteen went into the County Clerk's office, 
 and afterwards became clerk ; studied law, and com- 
 menced practice in 1824. He was a Representative 
 in the Twenty-ninth Congress, and one of the Presi- 
 dential Electors of Kentucky in 1848. 
 
 Trumbull, 'John. — He was born in Connecticut 
 in 1750, and graduated at Yale College at a very early 
 age ; in 1772 he published the first part of his poem, 
 entitled " The Progress of Idleness." In the follow- 
 ing year he was admitted to the bar in Connecticut, 
 and removing to Boston, continued his legal studies 
 in the office of John Adams. He returned to Connec- 
 ticut in 1774, and commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession in New Haven. The first part of " McTingal " 
 was published in Pliiladelphia in 1775, but in 1782 
 the poem was completed and published in Hartford, 
 where the author at that time resided ; more than 
 thirty editions of this work were published in his 
 lifetime. In 1789 he was appointed State Attorney 
 for the County of Hartford, and in 1801 a Judge of 
 the Superior Court of Errors, which position he held 
 until 1819. In 1825 he removed to Detroit and re- 
 sided with his daughter, Mrs. Woodbridge, and died 
 at Spring Wells in May, 1831. 
 
 Trumbull, John. — He was bom in Lebanon, 
 Connecticut, June 6, 1756, and was the son of the 
 Rev. Jonathan ; having joined a Connecticut Regi- 
 ment as Adjutant in 1773, and made an accurate 
 sketch of the works around Boston, he attracted the 
 notice of Washington, who made him his second aid- 
 de-camp and promoted him to the rank of Colonel; in 
 1777 he left the army and studied the art of painting 
 with West in London ; and, upon the execution of 
 Andre, he was, by way of retaliation, thrown into 
 prison. Between the years 1789 and 1793 he executed 
 the portraits for his well-known historical paintings, 
 called the Declaration of Independence, Surrender at 
 Saratoga, Surrender of Cornwallis, and the Resigna- 
 tion of Washington at Annapolis, all of which were 
 painted under orders from the Government and are 
 now in the Rotunda of the Capitol. In 1794 he was 
 Secretary to Jay's Commission to Great Britain ; in 
 1796 instructed to carry out some of its provisions; was 
 President of the American Academy of Fine Arts in 
 New York from 1816 to 1825; and he died in New York 
 City, November 10, 1843 ; having published an inter- 
 esting autobiography in 1841. He formed a gallery of 
 fifty-seven of his paintings, and presented them to Yale 
 College ; there are also some of his best productions 
 
 in the Boston Atheneum ; and among his more famous 
 productions may be mentioned the Battle of Bunker's 
 Hill, Death of Montgomery, Sortie at Gibralter, Bat- 
 tle of Princeton, Battle of Trenton, Surrender of the 
 Hessians at Trenton, and portraits of Washington. 
 
 Trumbull, 'Jonathan. — Bom in Lebanon, Con- 
 necticut, June 10, 1710 ; graduated at Harvard LTni- 
 versity in 1727 ; after a few years service in the min- 
 istry, he studied law and became eminent ; was a 
 member of the Assembly at the age of twenty-three ; 
 chosen Lieutenant-Governor in 1706, and Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Superior Court. He refused to take the 
 oath enjoined on royal officers, and was made Gov- 
 ernor from 1769 to 1783 ; and was the only Colonial 
 Governor who took the side with the people. He 
 was a Whig leader and was relied on by Washington 
 as one of his firm supporters. The phrase sometimes 
 used by him, " Let us see what Brother Jonathan 
 says," is supposed to have originated the term fre- 
 quently applied to the United States. He received 
 the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1779, and 
 from Edinburgh in 1785. He died August 17, 1785. 
 
 Trumbull, tJonathan. — Bom in Lebanon, Con- 
 necticut, Marc'n 26, 1740, and graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1759. In 1775 he was appointed by Con- 
 gress Paymaster in the Northern department of the 
 army, and not long after was attached to the family of 
 Washington as Secretary and first Aid, with whom he 
 continued until the close of the war. He was for 
 several years a Representative in the State Legisla- 
 ture of Connecticut, and Speaker of the House ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1797, 1801 and 1805 ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1789 to 1785 ; elected Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1791, and continued in that station till 
 he was transferred to the United States Senate in 
 1795, where he served only one year, having been 
 elected Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut, and in 
 1798 Governor, in which position he remained until 
 his death, which occurred August 7, 1809. 
 
 Trumbull, .Joseph.— Bom March 11, 1737; 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1756 ; was Dela- 
 egate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775 ; 
 a Commissioner for the Board of War in 1777, re- 
 signed the next year on account of ill-health ; was 
 Commissary-General in the Revolutionary Army from 
 1775 to 1777 ; in 1779 Congress made an eulogistic re- 
 port on his services and voted to his heirs a commis- 
 sion on the sums received and issued, and the pur- 
 chases made by him. He died July 23, 1778 ; he was 
 the son of Jonathan, Sr. 
 
 Trumbull, Josejih. — Born in Lebanon, Con- 
 necticut, December 7, 1783 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1801 ; studied law, and practiced with success 
 in Ohio ; was President of the Hartford Bank for 
 eleven years ; served in the General Assembly in 
 1832, 1848. and 1851 ; in 1849 he was elected Governor 
 of Connecticut ; was President of a Railroad Com- 
 pany ; received from Yale College the degree of 
 LL. D. ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Connecticut in 1834, for an unexpired term, and from 
 1839 to 1843. 
 
 Trumbull, Li/man. — He was born in Colches- 
 ter, Connecticut, in 1813 ; adopted the jirotession of 
 law ; removed to Illinois, and became a member of 
 the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; was Secretary 
 of State in 1841 and 1843 ; Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois from 1848 to 1858 ; was elected a 
 Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress, and was elected a Senator in Congress for 
 the term commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Judi- 
 ciary, and as a member of the Committees on Pub- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 433 
 
 lie Buildinj^s and Gi-niiiids. and Indian Affairs ; and 
 was re-elected for the term ending 1867. In 18(j4 he 
 was appointed a Regent of tlie Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and in January, 
 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term 
 ending in 1873, serving on the additional Committee 
 on Pensions. 
 
 Tuck, Amos, — He was born in Maine ; graduated 
 at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was for some time a 
 tutor in that Institution ; and, removing to New 
 Hampshire, was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 18'17 to 1853. He was also a 
 member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861. 
 
 TitcJcer, Beverly. — He was born in Virginia ; 
 received a good education ; was identified with the 
 newspaper business in Washington ; chosen Super- 
 intendent of Public Printing in 1853, and during the 
 Rebellion participated with zeal in the cause of the 
 Southern States. 
 
 Tucker, Ebenezer, — He was born in Burling- 
 ton, New Jersey, in 17.58 ; he was a soldier in the 
 Revolutionary War, and served at the battle of Long 
 Island ; he filled many offices of distinction and trust, 
 among them those of Collector and Postmaster of 
 New Jersey ; and he was a menxberof Congress from 
 New Jersey from 1835 to 1829. He also lield the 
 offices of Judge of the Common Pleas. Justice of the 
 Court of Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the Orphans' 
 Court. He died at Tuckerton, New Jersey, Septem- 
 ber 5, 1845. 
 
 Tucker, Georqe.- — Born in Bermuda in 1775 ; 
 removed to Virginia ; graduated at William and 
 Mary College in 1797 ; was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture ; a Representative in Congress from Virginia 
 from 1819 to 1825 ; from 1825 to 1845 ; was Professor 
 of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in the 
 University of Virginia. He was the author of " Life 
 of Jefferson," 8 vols., 1837 ; " Progress of the United 
 States," 8vo, 1855 ; " Political History of the United 
 States in 1858," " Literature of the United States," 
 Svo, 1837 ; and other valuable works and essays on 
 Taste, Morals, and National Policy, and financial 
 subjects. He died at Charlottesville, Virginia, April 
 10, 1861. He was a relation of St. George Tucker. 
 
 Tucker, Henry St. George. — Born in Virginia 
 in 1779 ; received a liberal education, and became a 
 prominent lawyer. He was at one time President of 
 the Court of Appeals ; also Professor of Law in the 
 University of Virginia ; the author of several valu- 
 able works on law ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from Virginia from 1815 to 1819. He died at Win- 
 chester, Virginia, August 38, 1848. 
 
 Tucker, John — He was a citizen of New York, 
 and held the position of Assistant Secretary of War 
 during a part of the Rebellion, receiving the appoint- 
 ment, January 27, 1863. 
 
 Tucker, J. M. — Born in Winchester, Virginia, 
 December 24, 1823 ; educated at the University of 
 Virginia; admitted to the bar in 1845; was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1852 and 1856 ; in 1857 was elected 
 Attorney-General of the State, and re-elected in 1859 
 and 1863 ; by the issue of the Rebellion he was de- 
 posed from office ; was elected in 1870 Professor of 
 Equity and Law in Washington College (now Wash- 
 ington and Lee University), and, without making 
 himself a candidate, lie was elected a Representative 
 from Virginia to the Forty-fourth Congress. He is 
 a brother of Beverly Tucker, formerly a well-known 
 editor in Washington. 
 
 Tucker, Starling. — He was born in Halifax 
 County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in 
 Congress fnmi the Laurens District of South Carolina 
 from 1817 to 1831. He died February 4, 1834. 
 
 Tucker, St. George. — Born at Port Royal, Ber- 
 muda ; removed to Virginia June 29, 1752 ; graduated 
 at William and Mary College ; studied law, but took 
 an early part in the Revolution, planning and aiding 
 in capturing a large amount of stores in a fort at Ber- 
 muda. At Yorktown, while in command of a regi- 
 ment, he was severely wounded. He was a member 
 of the Virginia Legislature ; was one of the Commit- 
 tee to revise the laws of Virginia ; was a Professor in 
 William and Mary College, and a member of tlie 
 Convention at Annapolis in 1786 ; he was Judge in 
 tlie State Courts nearly fifty years ; was Judge of the 
 Court of Appeals from 1803 to 1811 ; Judge of tlie 
 United States District Court in 1813 ; and was called 
 "The American Black.stone." He was the author of 
 "Peter Pindar " and the celebrated poem on "Lib- 
 erty ; " an essay on " How far the Common Law of 
 England is the Common Law of the United States ; " 
 a treatise on slavery in 1796. and on the Alien and 
 Sedition Laws, 1799 ; and an annotated edition of 
 Blackstone in 1803 ; also other poems and essays. 
 He died at Edgewood, Nelson County, Virginia, No- 
 vember. 1827. He received the degree of LL.D. 
 from William and Mary College in 1790. 
 
 Tucker, TJiomas Tudor. — He was a patriot of 
 the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress in 1787 and 1788 ; and a Representative in 
 Congress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1793 ; was 
 United States Treasurer from 1794 to his death. He 
 was the author of an oration at Charleston, South 
 Carolina, before the South Carolina Society of the 
 Cincinnati in 4to, 1795. Died at Washington, May 2, 
 1828, aged 83 years. He was a son of Henry of Port 
 Royal, Bermuda. 
 
 Tticker, TUghrnan M. — He was born in North 
 Carolina ; was Governor of Mis.sissippi from 1841 to 
 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Mississippi from 1841 to 1845. Died at Alabama, 
 April 31, 1859. 
 
 Tuckernian, Charles T. — He was a citizen of. 
 New York, and in 1868 was appointed Minister Resi-- 
 dent to Greece, where he remained until 1871. 
 
 Tudor, William. — Born in Boston, Massaclni<- 
 setts. March 28, 1750; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1769; studied law with John Adams, and ad- 
 mitted to the bar at Suffolk in 1773 ; a Colonel in the- 
 army, and Judge Advocate-General from 1775 to 
 1778; and was on the staff of the Ccmmandertin- 
 Chief ; was a member of the House and Senate of.- 
 Massachusetts, and in 1809 and 1810 Secretary of 
 State ; was Vice-President of the Cincinnati Society 
 of Massachusetts in 181C ; was one of the founders- 
 of the Historical Society. He delivered a spirited, 
 oration on the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1779;. an. 
 "Address to the Cincinnati," and other addresses. 
 He died July 8, 1819. He was son of Judge Thomas.- 
 T. 
 
 Tudor, Willium. — Born in Boston, Ja/nuary 28i 
 1779 ; srraduated at Harvard L^niversity in 1796. He 
 visited Europe early in life, and on his return home 
 in 1814, he first edited the North American Review. 
 He aided in founding the Anthology Club,, and pub- 
 lished his European letters in their Monthly Anthol- 
 ogy magazine. He was a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature ; founded the ice-traffic with 
 tropical climes in 1805; and was afterwards engaged 
 in other commercial transactions in Europe. He was 
 the originator of the Bunker Hill Monument, and one 
 
434: 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 of the founders of the Boston Athanaeum in 1807. In 
 18'^3 was appointed Consul at Lima, and in 1^27 
 Cliarge d' Affaires at Brazil. He publislied " Letters 
 on tUe Ea.^tern States" in 1820 ; Miscellanies in 1821 ; 
 "Life of James Otis," 1823 ; " Oebel Teir," 1828. In 
 1809, delivered tlie oration at Bcston, July 4, and in 
 1810 prepared the Phi Beta Kappa address for Har- 
 vard. He died at Rio Janeiro, March 9, 1830. 
 
 Tuffs, iTohn Qilincy. — Born in Aurora, Indiana, 
 July 12, 1810 ; educated at common-schools and Cor- 
 nell Colleo:e ; held tlie various positions in tlie county 
 of liis residence as Cleric, Trustee, and Justice ; elect- 
 ed lo the Iowa Legislature in 1869, and re-elected in 
 1871 and 1873, and in 1874 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Turner, Benjamin Uteeling. — Was born in 
 Halifax County, North Carolina, March 17, 1825 ; 
 was raised as a slave, and received no early educa- 
 tion ; removed to Alabama in 1830 ; obtained a fair 
 education ; was a dealer in general merchandise ; 
 elected Tax Collector of Dallas County in 1867, and 
 Councilman of the City of Selma in 1869, and was 
 elected to the Forty-second Congress as Represent- 
 ative from Alabama, serving on several Committees. 
 
 Turner, Charles, — Graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1752 ; studied for the ministry, and settled 
 in Duxbury, Massachusetis ; was elected a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving from 
 1809 to 1813, and died in 1816, aged about sixty-six 
 vears. He was at one time Master of the Marine 
 Hospital at Chelsea; and it has been denied that this 
 man was a graduate of Harvard, but another bearing 
 the same name. 
 
 Turner, Daniel, — Born in Warren County, 
 North Carolina, Sei)tember 26, 1796. He commenced 
 his education at VVarrenton Academy ; completed it 
 at West Point ; in 1814 was appointed a Lieutenant 
 of Artillery; as such, served ai Brooklyn Heights, 
 and at Plattsburg, and resigned in 1815; after leav- 
 ing the army he spent two years at William and 
 Mary College ; from 1819 to 1823 he served in the 
 Len'islature of North Carolina; and was a member of 
 Congress from 1827 to 1829. He subsequently had 
 charge of the Warrenton Female Seminary. 
 
 Turner, George. — Born in England in 1750 ; 
 joined the Revolutionary Army at the breaking out 
 of the war ; was a Captain, and commanded at South 
 Carolina; was dislinguislied at the battles in that 
 State. He was commissioned by his personal friend, 
 Washington, Judge of the Northwest Territory in 
 1789. In 1833 he removed to Philadelphia, where he 
 died March 16. 1843. 
 
 Turner, Jatnes — Born in Virginia in the year 
 1766. His education was such as could be afforded 
 by the common-schools of the country ; he served in 
 the Revolution as a private soldier; entered public 
 life ill 1800 as a member of the Legislature of Aorth 
 Carolina ; in 1803 was elected Governor of the State ; 
 and was a Senator in Congress from North Carolina 
 from 1805 to 1816. He died at Bloomsbury, January 
 15, 1824, much respected for his talents and personal 
 worth. 
 
 Turner, Jatnes. — He was born in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1833 to 1837. 
 
 Turner, JosiaJi. — He was born in New Haven, 
 
 Addison County, Vermont, Se()tember 1, 1811 ; re 
 ceived an academical education at Middlebury and St 
 AUkius ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1833, in St. Alban's County, where he commenced the 
 
 practice of his profession. In 1840 he emigrated to 
 Michigan and settled at Howell, Livingston County^ 
 where he resumed his profession ; in 1857 he was ap- 
 pointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State 
 by the Governor, and shortly afterwards he was 
 elected by the people Circuit judge of the Seventh 
 Judicial Circuit for six years, and in 1863 re-elected 
 for the same time. In 1869 he was again re-elected 
 by both political parties, for a tliird term of six years, 
 and without any opposition. He removed from How- 
 ell to Owasso in 1860 ; was chosen Mayor of that city 
 in 1864 for two years ; and he was a member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1867. 
 
 Turner, ,T, 3Iilton, — He was a citizen of Mis- 
 souri, and in 1871 was appointed Minister Resident 
 and Consul-General to Liberia, and was still in otEce 
 in 1875. 
 
 Turner, Thorn ns. — He was appointed in 1800 
 Accountant of the Navy, which is the office subse- 
 quently called that of Fourth Auditor, and he re- 
 mained in the position until 1810. Supposed to have 
 been the father of the American Admiral bearing the 
 same name. 
 
 Turner, Thomas G, — He was Governor of 
 Rhode Island for one year, beginning with 1859. 
 
 Turner, Thorn as ,7. — Born in Trumbull County, 
 Ohio, April 5, 1815, where he resided until ten years 
 of age, receiving all bis school education witliin that 
 time. In 1825 he removed with his father's family 
 to Butler County, Pennsylvania, where he worked on 
 a farm until fourteen years old, when the destitute 
 circumstances of his father compelled him to make 
 unusual exertions to assist in the support of the fam- 
 ily, which he did by working as a laborer on the 
 Pennsylvania Canal, and contributed his earnings to 
 his father until the age of eighteen. Leaving his 
 father comfortable, he went to the " Far West," and 
 spent three years in St. Paul's County, Indiana, and 
 finally settled in Freeport, Stevenson County, Illinoi.s. 
 He was made Justice of the Peace, which office he 
 held for several years ; in 1838 he studied law as a 
 profession, and obtained a lucrative practice. In 1842 
 lie was elected Probate Justice of the Peace, and in 
 1844 was appointed Postmaster. In 1845 he was 
 chosen State's Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District, 
 and in 1846 he was elected a Representative in the 
 Thirtieth Congress. In 1854 he was a member of the 
 Lower House of the Legislature, and chosen Speaker. 
 Since that time he has devoted himself to the prac- 
 tice of law. 
 
 Turner, Turner,— lie was born in Ohio, and 
 was appointed from that State Chief Justice of the 
 United States Court for the Territory of Nevada, re- 
 siding at Carson City. A person bearing tliis name 
 was also a Judge of the United States Court for the 
 Northwest Territory, and the records do not state 
 whether the persons are identical or not. 
 
 Turner, WiUiam F, — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and removed to Iowa, from which State he 
 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Arizona. 
 
 Turnei/, Hophins L, — Born in Smith County, 
 Tennessee, October 3, 1797 ; he was in his boyhood 
 bound to a tailor, and served in that business several 
 years ; in 1818 he entered upon the campaign against 
 the Seminole Indians ; he did not learn to write until 
 twenty-two years of age, and yet soon after studied 
 law, and was very successful at the bar ; he served 
 about ten years in the Legislature, from 1828 to 1838; 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from Ten- 
 nessee from 1837 to 1843, and in the Senate of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 435 
 
 United States from 1845 to 1851. He died in Win- 
 chester, Tennessee, August 1, 1857, leaving behind 
 him a high reputation for his abilities and virtues. 
 
 Turtle^/, Jacob.— Born in Greensburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, February 18, 1825, where he has ever since re- 
 sided ; received his education at the Greensburg 
 Academy ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1849 ; was elected District- Attorney for Westmore- 
 land County in 1850 ; was re-elected in 1853, and con- 
 tinued in that office six years ; was Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1856 ; was State Senator in 1858, 1859, and 
 18G0 ; was Speaker of that body in 1859 ; he after- 
 ward resumed the practice of law ; in 1874 he was 
 elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Tlirpte, D. — He was born in Hamilton County, 
 Ohio, July 8, 1839 ; graduated at Kenyon College in 
 1848 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at 
 Logansport, Indiana, in 1849; ^^■as appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Wright, whom he succeeded in the Senate, J udge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas in 1854, and was 
 Judge of the Circuit Court in 1856, both of which 
 offices he resigned ; in 1853, and also in 1858, he was 
 a member of the Legislature of Indiana ; and in 1863 
 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the unex- 
 pired term of J. D. Bright, and immediately succeed- 
 ing J. A. Wright, who served by appointment of 
 the Governor. 
 
 Turpi ti^ Edward A. — He was a citizen of New 
 York, and in 1858 he was appointed Minister to Ven- 
 ezuela, where he remained until 1861. 
 
 Tiirrell, tToel. — He was born in Vermont ; grad- 
 uated at Middlebury College in 1816 ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 
 1837, having been a member of the State Assembly 
 from Oswego County in 1831. Died in Oswego, New 
 York, December 26, 1859, aged sixty-four years. 
 
 Tlltliill, Joseph H. — He was bom in Blooming 
 Grove, New York, February 11, 1811 ; received a 
 good education ; was a merchant for thirty-five years ; 
 President of the Ellenville Glass Works ; Clerk of 
 Ulster County for four years ; a member of the Ulster 
 County Board of Supervisors ten years ; and elected 
 to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on the Militia and on the Navy Department. 
 
 Tuthill, Selah.— Bom in New York, and was 
 elected a Representative" from that State to the Sev- 
 enteenth Congress, but died in December, 1821. 
 
 Tweed , Charles A. — He was born in Massachu- 
 setts ; removed to California, and from that State, in 
 1870, he was appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 Supreme Court for the Territory of Arizona, residing 
 at Yuma. 
 
 Tweed, William M. — Bom in the City of New 
 York, April 3, 1833 ; received a common-school edu- 
 cation ; was by occupation a chair-manufacturer; was 
 an Alderman in New York City in 1852 ; a member of 
 the Thirty-third Congress ; a member of the State 
 Board of Education in 1857 ; a Supervisor of New 
 York County in 1858 ; and a State Senator in 1807. 
 In 1874 he was arrested, tried and found guilty of 
 robbing the City of New York, by virtue of his offi- 
 cial position in the city government, of a very large 
 amount of money, and he was sent to the penitentia- 
 ry for twelve years, but in December, 1875, he made 
 his escape from prison. 
 
 Tweedy, John H. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut ; graduated at Yale College ; adopted the profes- 
 sion of law ; removed to Wisconsin in 1837 ; was a 
 
 member of the first " Constitutional Convention " of 
 that Territory in 1846 ; and was elected a Delegate to 
 Congress from the same in 1847, serving one ses- 
 sion. 
 
 Tweed)/, Satnael. — He was born in Connecti- 
 cut, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1833 to 1835. 
 
 Twitchell, Ginery. — He was born in Athol, 
 Worcester County, Massachusetts, August 26, 1811 ; 
 in 1830 he commenced the businesss of staging or car- 
 rying the mail ; was the first to establish a daily line 
 of coaches between Boston and Brattleborough, in 
 Vermont, and after which, he made important con- 
 tracts with the Government for carrying the mail ; in 
 1847 he became identified with the Boston and ^^'or- 
 cester Railroad as a subordinate ofFcer, but was sub- 
 sequently appointed President of the same, and has 
 continued in it to the present time. In 1866 he was 
 elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Na- 
 val Affairs, and Expenditures in the Interior Depart- 
 ment. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second 
 Congresses, serving on various Committees. 
 
 Tyler, Asher, — He was born in Bridgewater, 
 Oneida County, New York, May 10, 1798 ; graduated 
 at Hamilton College in 1817 ; was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; a Representative from New York to the Twen- 
 ty-eighth Congress ; subsequently settled in Elmira, 
 where he was extensively identified with railway op- 
 erations, and died in Elmira, in August, 1875. 
 
 Tyler, John. — Born in Charles City County, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1790. He commenced his political life at an 
 early age, having been elected to the Virginia Legisla- 
 ture at the age of twenty-one years, and live years later 
 to Congress. In 1836 he was elevated to the station 
 of Governor of his native State. He discharged the 
 duties of his office but one year and a half, when, in 
 ISSS'r^he Legislature selected him to till a vacancy in 
 the Senate of the United States, where he officiated 
 as President pro tern, of that body. He served in this 
 capacity until a difference of opinion having arisen 
 between General Jackson and himself, he resigned 
 his seat in 1836, and went into voluntary retirement. 
 Mr. Tjier did not again make his appearance in pub- 
 lic life until 1840, when he was selected by the Whig 
 party as their candidate for Vice-President. He was 
 elected to that office by a large majority, and entered 
 upon the discharge of his duties in March, 1841, when 
 the death of the President, General Harrison, shortly 
 after, raised him to the chief magistracy of the Repub- 
 lic. His term of office expired in 1845, after which 
 he lived in retirement in Virginia until 1861. He was 
 elected in that year a Delegate to the " Peace Con- 
 gress " held in Washington, and officiated as its 
 President ; and, on his return to Virginia, he became 
 a member of the Virginia Convention of 1801, and the 
 Rebel Congress, and died in Richmond, January 17, 
 1863. 
 
 Tyler, John. — He was a native of Virginia, and 
 in 1811 was appointed a Judge of the United States 
 District Court for the District of Virginia. 
 
 Tyler, Royall.— Born in Boston, July 18, 1757 ; 
 graduated at Harvard University, in 1776 ; studied 
 law with John Adams ; was aide to General Lincoln 
 for a short time ; and again in the " Shay's Rebellion " 
 in 1780 ; settled as a lawyer in Guilford, Vermont, in 
 1790, and was successful ; from 1800 to 1806 was 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, of 
 which he had been six years Judge. He was a suc- 
 cessful dramatist, and in 1786 produced " The Con- 
 trast," in New York ; which was the first American 
 Play ever acted by an established company, on a 
 
 /iz'l 
 
436 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 regular stage; also produced "May Day, or New 
 York in an Uproar," in 1787 ; " Tlie Georgia Specu- 
 lator, or Land in the Moon," in 1797 ; he also wrote 
 "The Algerine Captive," a fictitious memoir in two 
 volumes in 1799. He contributed to the Farmer's 
 Weekly Museum; the Portfolio; the New England 
 Galaxy; and other journals. He died at Brattle- 
 borough, Vermont, August 16, 1836. 
 
 Tijner,Jumes N. — Born at Brook\-ille, Indiana, 
 January 17, 1826 ; received an academic education ; 
 studied law ; was Secretary of the Indiana Senate for 
 four sessions from 1857 ; "was a Presidential Elector 
 in 1860 ; special agent of the Post-Office Department 
 from 1861 to 18G6 ; elected to the Forty-first, Forty- 
 second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the 
 Committees on Appropriations and Post-Uffices. Im- 
 mediately after leaving Congress, lie was appointed 
 Governor of Colorado and also an Assistant Post- 
 master-General, retaining the latter office. 
 
 Tifson, •Jacob. — He was a member of the New 
 York Senate from Richmond County, in 1828, and a 
 Representative to Congress from New York from 1823 
 to 1825. 
 
 Tj/son, Job if.— He was born in Montgomery 
 County, Pennsvlvania, in 1804, and died near Phila- 
 delphia in 1858! He was educated a lawyer, frequent- 
 ly served in the City Councils of Philadelphia, and 
 was a member of the Thirty-fourth Congress. He 
 commanded uncommon influence in Congress, and 
 was a man of refined tastes in literature and the fine 
 arts. He also served in the Legislature of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and through his exertions the archives of that 
 State were first published. While educating him- 
 self, in early life, he taught in a district school, and 
 his published addresses are quite numerous. 
 
 Ti/son, ./. jr. — He was appointed in 1843, Second 
 Assistant Postmaster-General, and remained in oiBce 
 until 1844. 
 
 Utlree, Dan iel.—Bora in Philadelphia ; re- 
 moved to Berks County, Pennsylvania, where he 
 entered largely into the manufacture of iron, and 
 was a most successful business man. He was in the 
 State Legislature from 1799 to 1805 ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 
 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825,— 
 on two occasions filling the unexpired terms of men 
 who had resigned. Died July 22, 1828. 
 
 Underhill, Walter.— Re was bom in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Underwood. John C— He was born in Litch- 
 field, Herkimer County, New York, in 1808 ; studied 
 law and removed to the State of Virginia ; residing 
 in Clark County for many years ; from 1861 to 1863 
 he was Fifth Auditor of the Treasury in Washington; 
 and was subsequently a United States District Judge 
 in the State of Virginia. It was in his district that 
 ■Jefferson Davis was indicted for treason, and Judge 
 Underwood refused to release him on bail. He died 
 in Washington, December 7, 1873. 
 
 Underwood, John W. JET.— Bom in Elbert 
 County, Georgia, November 30, 1816 ; received a 
 good English and classical education ; studied law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1834 ; in 1843 was 
 elected Solicitor-General for the Western Circuit, 
 resigning in 1847 ; was a member of the "Georgia 
 Constitutional Convention " of 1850 ; declined two 
 judicial appointments tendered to him by Presidents 
 Pierce and Buchanan ; was a member of the Georgia 
 
 Legislature in 1857, and chosen Speaker ; and in 18o9 
 was elected a Representative from Georgia, to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Expenses in the Navy Department. Resigned in 
 February, 1861, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, 
 and returned to Georgia. 
 
 V^nderivood, Joseph J?.— Born in Goochland 
 County, Virginia, October 24, 1791. He was adopted 
 by his" maternal uncle in 1803, who resided in Barren 
 County, Kentucky. He received his education at 
 various schools in that State, and ended his scholas- 
 tic course at the University of Lexington, in 1811 ; 
 and then read law with Robert Wyckliffe. In 1813 
 he entered the service of the United States, as Lieu- 
 tenant of a Volunteer Company, and was badly 
 wounded, and taken by the enemy at Dudley's defeat, 
 commanding his company after the Captain was 
 mortally wounded. He was released from captivity, 
 and landed from the prison-ships on Lake Erie, near 
 Cleveland, where he was lodged near a hospitable 
 cabin until sufficiently recovered to return home. In 
 the fall of 1813 he located at Glasgow, Kentucky, and 
 practiced law for ten years, during which time he was 
 Trustee of the town, and County Attorney ; and was 
 a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1819. In 
 1823 he removed, with his family, to Bowling Green, 
 and was elected a member of the General Assembly 
 in 1825 and 1826. From 1828 to 1835 he was Judge 
 of the Court of Appeals, and resigned on being elect- 
 ed a Representative in Congress, in which position he 
 served from 1835 to 1843. In 1846 he was again 
 elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and was 
 Speaker of the House. In 1847 he was elected a 
 member of the United States Senate, for six years, 
 and at the expiration of the term returned to the 
 practice of law. In 1824 and 184-1 he was a Presi- 
 dential Elector. He was also a Delegate to the 
 " Chicago Convention" of 1864. 
 
 Underwood, Warner £.— Bom in Goochland 
 County, Virginia, August 7, 1808 ; graduated at the 
 University of Virginia, where he received the first 
 honors in the studies of law, mathematics, and the 
 modern languages, in 1830. He removed to Bowling 
 Green Countv, Kentucky, at the age of seventeen ; a 
 lawyer by profession, with an extensive practice. In 
 1833 he visited Texas, and spent most of the time 
 until 1840, in that republic. He was appointed, by 
 President Lamar, Attorney-General for the Eastern 
 District of that republic," but held the office only a 
 short time, and also declined the offer of a place in 
 General Houston's cabinet, being unwilling to relin- 
 quish his citizenship of the United States. In 1848 
 he was a Representative in the Kentucky Legislature, 
 and in 1849 a member of the State Senate ; and was 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and 
 Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the 
 Committee on Engraving. 
 
 Upham, Charles Tf'.— Bom in St. John, New 
 Brunswick, May 4, 1802. He commenced life by 
 becoming a merchant's clerk ; graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1821 ; in 1824 he was settled over the First 
 Church in Salem, Massachusetts; and in 1844 he 
 relinquished the Ministry on account of loss of voice. 
 He has also, at different" times, edited the Christian 
 Register (Unitarian) ; was Mayor of Salem in 1853 ; in 
 1840 1849, and 18.50, was in the State Legislature ; in 
 185l', 1857, and 1858, President of the Senate ; and he 
 was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, serving 
 upon the Committee on Post-Roads and the Post- 
 Office, and was Chairman of a Special Committee on 
 the Smithsonian Institution. As an author he has 
 been industrious, and among his publications are the 
 following: "Letters on the Logos;" "Lectures on 
 Witchcraft;" "The Life of Sir Henry Vane;" a 
 school "Life of Washington;" many Orations and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS. 
 
 437 
 
 Discourses ; and "Life of Jolm C. Fremont." Died 
 in Salem, June 15, 1875. | 
 
 TJphfnn, Geovge B, — He graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1789 ; served a number of years in the 
 New Hampshire Legislature, having been Speaker in 
 1809 and 1815 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from New Hampshire from 1801 to 1803. He died 
 February 10, 1848, at Claremont, New Hampshire, 
 aged seventy-nine years. 
 
 1Ij>Iiaui, fTabez. — He was bom in Massachu- 
 setts ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1785 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State, 
 from 1807 to 1810, when he resigned. He died in 
 1811. 
 
 TIpham, Xafhauiel, — Born in Deerfield, Rock- 
 ingham County, New Hampshire, June 9, 1774. He 
 •was educated at the schools of his native town, and 
 at Phillip's Exeter Academy. At an early age he en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits. He was a member of 
 the Legislature of New Hampshire, and of the Gov- 
 ernor's Council from 1811 to 1812 ; and a Representa- 
 tive in Congress form that State from 1817 to 1823. 
 Died in 1829. 
 
 TTpham, Nathaniel LooJ^iii. — Born in Roch- 
 ester, New Hampshire, in 1801 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1820 ; began to practice law at Bris- 
 tol, New Hampshire, but removed to Concord in 1829 ; 
 was a Judge of the New Hampshire Supreme Court 
 from 1833 to 1843 ; was connected with the Concord 
 Railway from 1843 to 1863 ; was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Pierce, his personal friend, a Commissioner to 
 London, to adjust claims between the citizens of the 
 two countries. He left the Democratic party in 1861, 
 and gave his support to the Government. In 1865 and 
 1866 was a member of the New Hampshire Legisla- 
 ture. Died in Concord, New Hampshire, December 
 11, 1869. 
 
 TJpham, IVilliain. — He was bom at Leicester, 
 Massachusetts, in 1792 ; in 1802 removed with his fa- 
 ther to Vermont ; spent some time in the Universitj' 
 of Vermont ; and was a lawyer by profession. He 
 was a member of the Vermont Assembly in 1827, 
 1828. and 1830 ; and was State's Attorney for Wash- 
 ing County, in 1829. He was a Senator in Congress, 
 from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in 
 Washington City, January 14, 1853. 
 
 Upshfir, Abf'l Paf1;er.—B.e was bom in North- 
 ampton County, Virginia, June 17, 1790 ; graduated at 
 Nassau Hall in 1807 ; studied law, and settled in Rich- 
 mond, where he practiced his profession from 1810 to 
 1824 ; in 1826 he was chosen Judge of the General 
 Court of the State : was a member of the " State Con- 
 stitutional Convention," 1829; was again chosen Judge, 
 serving many years ; in 1841 he went into the Cabinet 
 of President Tyler, as Secretary' of the Navy ; in 18413 
 he was transferred to the head of the State Depart- 
 ment ; and on the 28th of February, 1844, he was 
 killed by the explosion of a gun on board the war- 
 steamer Priaceton. He was an occasional writer for 
 the press. 
 
 Ujjsoti, Charles. — Bom in Southington, Hart- 
 ford County, Connecticut, March 19, 1821 ; recei%-ed 
 a good English education ; removed to Michigan in 
 1845 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847 ; in 
 1849 and 1850 was County Clerk for St. Joseph Coun- 
 ty ; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney for 
 the same ; io 1855 and 1856 held the office of State 
 Senator ; in 1861 and 1862 he was Attorney-General 
 for Michigan, and was elected a Representative from 
 Michigan to the Tliirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Elections and Unfinished Business. 
 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Elections, and Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia 
 " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chairman of the 
 Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Upson, If'il/iam If. — Born in Worthington, 
 Franklin County, Ohio. January 11, 1823 ; graduated 
 at the Western Reserve College in 1842 ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; was elected to the State Senate in 
 1854 and 1855 ; and elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on the Revision of Laws, Manufactures, and 
 Reconstruction. Re-elected to the Forty-second Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and 
 as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims. 
 
 Usher, Joh tt P. — He was born in New York, but 
 early in life removed to Indiana, where he studied 
 law and practiced the profession. He was elected to 
 the State Legislature, and, for a short time, was At- 
 torney-General of the State. By President Lincoln he 
 was appointed in 1862 the first Assistant-Secretary of 
 the Interior Department, and on the resignation of C. 
 B. Smith as Secretary, he was appointed to succeed 
 him in the Cabinet, wliich position he resigned in the 
 spring of 1865. He subsequently resumed the prac- 
 tice of his profession, and became Consulting Attor- 
 ney for the Eastern Division of the Union Pacific 
 Railroad Company. 
 
 Uail, Aaron. — He was a citizen of New York, 
 and in 1840 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Spain, 
 returning to America in 1842. 
 
 Vail, (rcorfie. — He was bom in New Jersey in 
 1803; received a good education ; was associated with 
 his brother Alfred and Professor S. F. Morse in com- 
 pleting the first telegraphic instruments brought into 
 use ; was prominent as a politician ; was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1853 to 1857 ; 
 appointed Consul to Glasgow by President Buchanan ; 
 was also a Judge of the Court of Errors ; and died in 
 Morristown, May 23, 1875. 
 
 Vail. Henri).— He was bom in New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1837 to 1839. Died June 25, 1833. 
 
 Valk, William IV. — He was bom in South Caro- 
 lina, and, on removing to New York, was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 Vallaudifjhiim, Clement L. — He came of a 
 Huguenot family, and was bom in New Lisbon, Co- 
 lumbia County, Ohio, in 1823. He received a good 
 education ; spent one j'ear in Jefferson College, in 
 Ohio ; spent two years as principal of an academy at 
 Snow Hill, Maryland ; returned to Ohio in 1840 ; stud- 
 ied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846 ; was 
 editor of the Dnyton Empire from 1847 to 1849 ; for 
 some years subsequent to that date he devoted him- 
 self wiaolly to his profession and politics ; was a mem- 
 ber of the " National Democratic Convention " held at 
 Cincinnati in 1856 ; ran for the Thirty-fifth Congress 
 against L. D. Campbell, whose seat he successfully 
 contested ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress. At the commencement of the second ses- 
 sion of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and during the 
 Thirty-sixth, he was placed on the Committee on 
 Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress. In 1863 he was arrested by military authority 
 for expressing his opinions against the war, was ban- 
 ished to the Southern States, and, by way of Bermuda, 
 went to Canada. During his exile he was nominated 
 
438 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 for Governor of Ohio, and defeated. He subsequently 
 returned, and was a Delegate to the "Chicago Con- 
 vention " of 1864. Was a Delegate to the New York 
 Convention of 1868. Died in Lebanon, June 17, 1871, 
 from the accidental discharge of a pistol while deliv- 
 ering an argument in court. 
 
 I'aii Aernatn, Henry. — WasborninMarcellus, 
 Onondaga County, New York, March 11, 1819 ; received 
 an academic education and graduated at a medical col- 
 lege, adopting the profession of surgeon and phy- 
 Bician ; held various town offices, and was a member 
 of the State Legislature in 1858 ; in 186-3 was appointed 
 Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New 
 York Volunteers, which he resigned in 1864 ; and was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid 
 Pensions. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Mileage, and Education in 
 the District of Columbia. 
 
 Van Allen, James Q. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1807 to 1809, 
 having been a member of the State Assembly in 1804, 
 from Columbia County. 
 
 Van Allen, John JB.— He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1793 to 1799, 
 and was a member of the State Assembly in 1800 and 
 1801, from Rensselaer County. 
 
 Van Allen, John T. — He was a citizen of New 
 York, and in 1849 he was appointed Minister-Re.si- 
 dent to Ecuador, but only remained there about one 
 year. 
 
 Van Auken, Dennis 31. —Ue wa.s born in 
 Pennsylvania, January 1.5, 1826 ; (rraduated at Union 
 College, New York, in 1853; studied law and came to the 
 bar in 18.54 ; elected a Prosecuting Attorney in 1855 ; 
 after which he was frequently appointed to the same 
 office ; and in 1866 he svas elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first 
 Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolution- 
 ary Claims, the Militia, and Patents. 
 
 Van Siiren. John. — He was one of the ablest 
 lawyers of the Ulster County bar, in New York, 
 and a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. 
 He died at Kingston, January 16, 1855. 
 
 Van Buren, Martin. — Was born at Kinder- 
 hook, New York, December 5, 1782. His father's 
 circumstances were humble, and the son was only 
 able to obtain an ordinary education at the common 
 school and academy of his native village. In 1796 
 he left the academy, and commenced tlie study of 
 law. In 1800 he represented the Republicans of his 
 native town in the "Congressional Convention " for 
 that District. A part of the years 1803 and 1803 he 
 spent in New York, still engaged in the study of his 
 profession, and in November of tlie latter year he 
 was admitted to the bar. He still continued to take 
 an active part in politics. The first official distinc- 
 tion which he received was conferred upon him by 
 Governor Tompkins, who appointed liim Surrogate 
 of Columbia County in 1808. He took his next step 
 in public life in 1813. In the spring of that year he 
 was elected to the State Senate. He continued a 
 member of that body until 1820, having been, during 
 that period, a supporter of the war and the canal 
 project. A portion of this time he also held the of- 
 fice of Attorney-General. He was a member of the 
 "Constitutional Convention" of the State of New 
 Y'ork in 1821 , and in February of the same year he 
 was elected to the United States Senate, and re-elect- 
 ed in 1837, serving until 1839. Tlie following year 
 the gubernatorial chair of the State of New Yorli be- 
 
 came vacant by the death of Governor Clinton, and 
 Mr. Van Buren wa;i selected as a candidate for that 
 office by the Democratic party of the State. He was 
 elected, but his career as Governor was brief. 
 Scarcely was his administration commenced, when 
 President Jackson offered him the appointment of 
 Secretary of State, and Mr. Van Buren at once ac- 
 cepted it. The President appointed him Ambassa- 
 dor to England, but the Senate refused to confirm 
 the nomination. He received a large majority of the 
 electoral votes for Vice-President in 1831, which of- 
 fice he continued to fill during President Jackson's 
 term. In 1836 he was nominated for the office of 
 President, and electeil. The principal measure of 
 bis administration was the establishment of the Inde- 
 jiendent Treasury. In 1840 he was again nominated 
 for the same office, but defeated by the Whig candi- 
 date. General Harrison. After the close of his Presi- 
 dential term, in 1841, he lived in retirement at Kin- 
 derhook, his place of birth, on an estate to which he 
 gave the name of Lindenwald. In 1848 he was the 
 Presidential candidate of the section of the Demo- 
 cratic party styling themselves " Barn-burners," or, 
 on that occasion, " Free-soilers," but was unsuccess- 
 ful. Died near Kinderhook, July 24, 1862. 
 
 Vance, John L, — Born in Gallipolis, Gallia 
 County, Ohio. July 19, 1839: received an academic 
 education, and worked in a printing office; graduated 
 at the law school of Cincinnati in 1861 ; entered the 
 volunteer array as a Captain and rose to the rank of 
 Colonel ; was a member of the National Democratic 
 Convention of 1873, and in 1874 he was elected a Rep- 
 resentative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of 
 the Committee on Printing. 
 
 Vance, Joseph. — He was born in Washington 
 County, Pennsylvania, March 21,1786, and was one 
 of the earliest residents of the State of Ohio ; served 
 frequently in the Legislature of that State ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835 ; Gov- 
 ernor of the State in 1836 ; and again in Congress 
 from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Claims. In every public position he ac- 
 quitted himself with ability, and died near the town 
 of Urbauna, Ohio, August 24, 1851. He was at one 
 time engaged in mercantile pursuits ; a General of 
 Militia; an enthusiastic farmer and successful raiser 
 of cattle ; Delegate to the Constitutional Convention 
 of Ohio in 1830 ; and also to the Whig National Con- 
 vention of 1848. 
 
 Vance, Robert Branh. — He was born in Bun- 
 come County, North Carolina, April 24, 1838 ; edu- 
 cated in the .schools of the country ; by occupation a 
 farmer ; was Clerk of the Court of Pleas from 1848 
 to 1856; Captain of a Company in the Confederate 
 .service in 1861 ; elected Colonel of the Twenty-ninth 
 North Carolina Regiment, and appointed Brigadier- 
 General in 1863. He was elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary 
 Pensions; and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of 
 the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Vance, Robert B. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1823 to 1825. 
 
 Vance, Zebulon B. — He was born in Buncombe 
 County, North Carolina. May 13, 1830 ; received a 
 limited education, and spent one year at the State 
 University, through the friendship of its distin- 
 guished President; he studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1853 ; in 1854 he was elected to the Leg- 
 islature from Buncombe County ; and, on the resig-. 
 nation of Hon. T. L. Clingman, in 1858, he was elect- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 439 
 
 ed to succeed him in the Federal House of Represent- 
 atives. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; 
 and was Governor of North Carolina from 1861 to 
 1863. 
 
 Van Cortlandt, Philip. — He served through 
 the Revolutionary War as a Colonel in the New York 
 line, iia^hting at Saratoga and Bemis Heights ; was a 
 member of the State Convention which ratified the 
 United States Constitution ; and was a member of the 
 New York Assembly from Westchester County in 
 1788, 1789, and 1790 ; of the State Senate from 1791 
 to 1794 ; and a Representative in Congress from New 
 Y'ork from 1793 to 1809. Died November 5, 1831, in 
 Westchester County, aged eighty-two years. The 
 latter part of his life was devoted to agriculture. 
 
 Van Cortlandt, Fierce, Jr. — He was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 
 1813, having been a member of the State Assembly in 
 1777. 
 
 Vantlevbury, John C. — He was an early emi- 
 grant to Indiana, and in 1800 he was appointed an 
 Associate-Justice for the Territory of Indiana. 
 
 Vanderhorst, Arnoldus. — He was the second 
 Governor of South Carolina under the Constitution, 
 serving as such from 1792 to 1794. 
 
 Vanderlyn, John. — Born in Kingston, Ulster 
 County, New Y'ork, October, 1776 ; showed an early 
 love for painting, and went to New Y'ork City at the 
 age of sixteen, and received instruction from Gil- 
 bert Stuart ; went to Paris in 1796, through the aid of 
 Aaron Burr, studied there five years, and resided in 
 Europe from 1803 to 1815 ; he received the gold medal 
 at the Louvre in 1808, for his picture of " Marius 
 amid the Ruins of Carthage," and was highly compli- 
 mented by Napoleon. While in Italy, he made many 
 copies of the Old Masters. After his return to Amer- 
 ica he painted portraits of Madison, Monroe, Clinton, 
 Calhoun, and other distinguished men. He intro- 
 duced panoramic illustrations into the United States, 
 but was unsuccessful. In 1833 he was commissioned 
 by Congress to paint a full-length portrait of Wash- 
 ington for the House of Representatives, and in 1839 
 " The Landing of Columbus," for the Rotunda of the 
 Capitol. His last was a full-length portrait of Presi- 
 dent Taylor. A picture which he painted, called " Ari- 
 adne," was engraved by A. B. Durand in superior 
 style. He died in Kingston, September 23, 1852. 
 
 Vanderpool, Aaron. — He was bom at Kind- 
 erhook. New Y'ork, February 5, 1799 ; received a clas- 
 sical education ; he studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1820 ; he served in 1825, 1829, and 1830, in 
 the State Legislature ; and he was a Representative in 
 Congress from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 
 1841. On his retirement from Congress he settled in 
 New Y'ork City, and was appointed one of the Judges 
 of the Superior Court, which office he held until 
 1850. Died in New Y'ork, July 18, 1870. 
 
 Vanderveer, Abraha nt . — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1839. Died July 30, 1839. 
 
 Vandever, Villi am. — Born in Maryland, and, 
 removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative from 
 that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Public Lands. Re- 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Served also 
 as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861. 
 
 Van Dtfke, John. — He was born in New Jersey ; 
 adopted the legal profession ; and was a Representa- 
 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851. 
 He is now a Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 State. 
 
 Van Dyke, Nicholas. — He was a Delegate from 
 Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 
 1782, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera- 
 tion. 
 
 Van Dyke, Nicholas. — He graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1788 ; was a Representative in 
 Congress from Delaware from 1807 to 1811 ; a Senator 
 in Congress from 1817 to 1826 ; and died in Mav, 
 1826. 
 
 Van Gaasbeck, Peter. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1798 to 
 1795. 
 
 J'an Horn, Dlirt. — Born in Newfane, Niagara 
 County, New Y'ork, October 28, 1833 ; was educated 
 at the Madison University ; was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1858, and the two following years ; 
 was a Representative from New York in the Thirty- 
 seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Private Laud Claims, Roads and Canals, and as Chair- 
 man of the Select Committee on the Niagara Ship 
 Canal ; and in 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revo- 
 lutionary Claims and Roads and Canals. Re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and on those 
 on the District of Columbia and Public Buildings and 
 Grounds. 
 
 Van Horn, liobert T. — Was born in Indiana 
 County, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1824 ; received a good 
 English education ; adopted the business of a printer ; 
 was twice Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, and Post- 
 master of the same ; rendered military service 
 against the Rebellion from 1861 to 1864, as Major and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers ; was a member of 
 the Missouri Senate for three years ; and was elected 
 a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-Ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, 
 serving on old Committees, and that on Expenses on 
 Public Buildings ; and was a Delegate to the " Border 
 States Convention," held in Baltimore in 1867, and to 
 the Chicago Convention of 1868. In August, 1875, he 
 was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue in 
 Missouri. 
 
 Van Home, Archibald. — He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Maryland, from 1807 to 
 1811. 
 
 Van Home, Espy. — He was born in Lycoming 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. Died 
 at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, June 35, 1829. 
 
 Van Home, Isaac. — He was a Captain in the 
 Revolutionary War, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1805, and was 
 then appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Zanes- 
 ville, Ohio. 
 
 Van Honton, Isaac S. — He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 
 1835. 
 
 Van Metre, John J. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Ohio from 1843 to 1845, and a 
 member of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy 
 Department. 
 
 Van Ness, Cornelius Peter. — Born in Ver- 
 
440 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 mont, January 26, 1782 ; studied law, and practiced 
 in Burlington, Vermont ; was United States Attorney 
 from 180!) to 1813 ; Representative in the Legislature, 
 1818 to 1821 ; a Commissioner to settle the National 
 Boundaries under the Treaty of Ghent, from 1817 to 
 1821 ; Collector of the Port of Burlington from 1815 
 to 1818 ; Chief Justice of the State from 1821 to 
 1823 ; Governor from 1823 to 1836 ; Minister to Spain 
 from 1829 to 1839 ; Collector of the Port of New York 
 in 1844 and 1845. Received the degree of LL.D. 
 from the University of Vermont in 1823. Died In 
 Philadelphia, December 15, 1852. 
 
 Van JVcss, John P, — He was born in Ghent, 
 Columbia County, New York, in 1770. He was edu- 
 cated at Columbia College, and studied law, but gave 
 up the practice on account of ill health. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from 1801 to 1803 ; and, 
 having taken up his residence in Wasliington City, 
 became the first President of the Bank of the Metrop- 
 olis in 1814 ; he was also elected Mayor of Washing- 
 ton, and, both as a public and private citizen, did much 
 to promote the prosperity of the Seat of Government. 
 While a member of Congress he received from Presi- 
 dent Jefferson a commission of Major of Militia for 
 the District of Columbia, which, with the fact that he 
 married a Washington lady, was the cause of his 
 change of residence. He died in Washington, March 
 7, 1846. 
 
 Ytin Nrss, WilliHm P. — lie was born in New 
 York ; received a liberal education and studied law ; 
 and in 1813 was appointed by President Madison 
 United States Judge for the Southern District of New 
 York. 
 
 Van Ness, If'illiant IV. — Born at Claverack, 
 New York, in 1776 ; admitted to the bar in 1797 ; 
 practiced in his native town and in Hudson ; member 
 of the Assembly from 1804 to 1806 ; Judge of New 
 York Supreme Court from 1807 to 1832 ; a member 
 of the State Constitutional Convention in 1833. Died 
 at Charleston, South Carolina, February 27, 1823. 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Henri/, — He was bom in 
 
 Albany, New York, in 1811 ; entered West Point as a 
 Cadet in 1837 ; was commissioned a Lieutenant in 
 1831, but resigned the following year ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from New York from 
 1841 to 1843. During the Rebellion he served in the 
 army as a Colonel and Inspector-General, and a part 
 of the time on General Scott's staff ; and died in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, March 33, 1864. Son of Stephen. 
 
 Van Henssclaer, ,Tereminh. — He was born 
 in 1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1758 ; 
 was a patriot of the Revolution ; Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor of New York from 1801 to 1804 ; a Presidential 
 Elector in 1801 ; a member of Congress from that 
 State from 1789 to 1791. He died in^Albany, Febru- 
 ary 22, 1830. His brother Stephen was also in Con- 
 gress, and known as the "Patroon." 
 
 Van Renssehfr, KifHan K. — He was born 
 in 1763 ; was a member of Congress from New York 
 from 1801 to 1811, after which he retired to private 
 life ; and died in Albany, June 18, 1845. 
 
 Van Rensselaer. Solomon . — He was bom in 
 
 Rensselaer County, New York, in 1774 ; he served as 
 an officer under General Wayne in 1794, and was 
 wounded through the lungs, and received four 
 wounds at the battle of Queenstown Height'^. In 1799 
 he was promoted to the rank of Major. He was Ad- 
 jutant-General of New York from ISfll to 1810, and 
 in 1813. He was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1819 to 1833, when he was appointed 
 
 Postmaster at Albany. He died near Albany, April 
 23, 1852. 
 
 Van Rensselaer. Stephen. — He was born in the 
 City of New York, in November, 1764, and graduated 
 at the University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 
 1782 ; was elected a member of the New York Senate 
 in 1795 ; was six years Lieutenant-Governor of New 
 York ; a member of Congress from 1822 to 1829. It 
 was by his easting vote in the New York Delegation 
 that J. Q. Adams was elected President in February 
 1825 ; was appointed, in 1810. one of the Canal Com- 
 missioners, and, for the last fourteen years of his life, 
 was President of the Board ; and during the last war 
 with England he commanded, with reputation, as 
 Major-General on the Niagara frontier. He was dis- 
 tinguished for his wealth and munificent charities, 
 and enjoyed the inherited title of Patroon. He died 
 at Albany, January 26, 1839. 
 
 Vansant, Joshua. — He was born in Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1853 to 1855 ; was also for many years President 
 of the Maryland Institute. 
 
 Van Trinnjt. Philadilph. — He was born in 
 Lancaster, Ohio, November 15, 1810 ; received a good 
 English education ; learned the art of printing, and 
 edited a newspaper for several years in his native 
 town. He studied law, and came to the bar in 1838, 
 and became the law partner of H. F. Stanbery, with 
 whom he had studied his profession ; was a member 
 of the " Baltimore Convention " of 1853, nominating 
 General Scott for the Presidency ; was three times 
 nominated by conventions as a candidate for the 
 Supreme Bench of the State ; in 1863 he was elected 
 a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which he re- 
 signed in 1866, and in that year was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Man- 
 ufactures. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty- 
 second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post- 
 Offices and Post-Roads. Died at Cincinnati, July 31, 
 1874. 
 
 Van, Valhenhnrr/h, Robert Ji. — Born in 
 Steuben County, New York, September 4, 1821 ; 
 adopted the profession of law ; served three terms in 
 the State Legislature of New York ; when the Rebel- 
 lion broke out he was placed by the Governor of New 
 York in charge of Affairs at Elmira, and there organ- 
 ized seventeen regiments for the war ; and was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Tliir- 
 ty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on the Militia. In 1863, while in Con- 
 gress, he took command as Colonel, of tlie One Hun- 
 dred and Seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers, 
 and was present at the battle of Antietam. He was 
 re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committees on the Militia and Ex- 
 penditures in the State Department. In 1865 he was 
 appointed by President Johnson Acting Commission- 
 er of Indian Affairs during the absence of th(i Com- 
 missioner. In December, 1865, he was appointed by 
 President Johnson Minister Resident to Japan. 
 
 1''{in Voorhes, Xelson H. — Bom in Washing- 
 ton County, Pennsylvania, January 33, 1822 ; re- 
 moved to Athens County, Ohio, in 1833 ; worked on 
 a farm for several years, spending the winters at the 
 common schools of the vicinity ; in 1836 he entered 
 the printing office of the Western Spectrttor as an ap- 
 prentice to his father who was editor, and he was re- 
 quired to conduct the paper during his father's ab- 
 sence in the Legislature, thus becoming educated as 
 an editor and publisher ; in 1850 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the State Legislature ; in 1855 was elected Pro- 
 bate Judge, but resigned to become again a member ' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS, 
 
 441 
 
 of the Legislature, and was made Speaker, and by 
 re-elections was a member ten years. In 1861 he en- 
 tered the army in the Volunteer service ; in 1862 was 
 commissioned Colonel of the Ninety-second Regiment 
 of United States Troops, and rendered such active ser- 
 vice in the Army of the Cumberland as to cause ill- 
 health, and he resigned his position ; in 1871 was 
 again Speaker of the Assembly, and his time of ser- 
 vice in that capacity had been four years, receiving 
 unanimous complimentary thanks and a gold watch 
 for his impartial manner in discharging that duty. 
 In 18T4 was elected a Representative from Ohio to 
 the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 I'aii Whlhle, Peter G. — Was born in the City 
 of New York, September 7, 1808 ; removed to Park- 
 ersburg, now West Virginia, in 1835 ; was a member 
 of the Virginia " Constitutional Convention " of 1850; 
 also of the " Wheeling Convention " of 1861 ; and 
 also of the Convention which formed the Constitution 
 of West Virginia in 1863 ; was a member of the Legis- 
 lature of that State from its organization to June, 
 1863 ; and in November of that year was elected a 
 Senator in Congress from West Virginia, for the term 
 ending in 186'J, serving on the Committees on Fi- 
 nance, Pensions, and PostOtfices and Post-Roads. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was subsequently 
 made Chairman of the Committee on Pensions. Died 
 April 15, 1872. 
 
 Vftn 1f'j/c7>, Charles H. — He was elected a 
 Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Mileage : also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
 and appointed Chairman of the Committee on Gov- 
 ernment Contracts. While in Congress he served in 
 the Volunteer service as the Colonel of a regiment, 
 and in 1865 he was appointed a Brigadier-General by 
 brevet. He was a Delegate to the Pittsburg " Sol- 
 diers' Convention " of 1865. Re-elected to the Fortieth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Retrenchment. He was a Delegate to the State 
 " Republican Convention " of 1867. 
 
 Van Wyck, Willinm IV. — He was born in 
 Dutchess County, New York, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1835. 
 
 Varttiim, James 3IitcheU. — He was born in 
 Dracut, Massachusetts, in 1749 ; graduated at Rhode 
 Island College in 1769 ; studied law, and settled in 
 East Greenwicli. In 1774 he accepted the command 
 of a company called the "Kentish Guards." In 1777 
 was promoted by Congress to the rank of Brigadier- 
 General. In 1779 he resigned his commission in the 
 army, and the Legislature appointed him Major-Gen- 
 eral of Militia. From 1780 to 1782 he was a Delegate 
 to the Continental Congress, after which service he 
 returned to the practice of his profession. In 1786 he 
 was again a Delegate to Congress and served one 
 year. He was then appointed Judge of the North- 
 west Territory. He died in 1790. 
 
 Varmim, tTohn, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Massachusetts from 1825 to 1831. He 
 was a native of Esses County, Massachusetts ; edu- 
 cat<>d at Harvard University ; practiced law for some 
 years at Haverhill, Massachusetts ; was frequently a 
 member of the State Legislature. He removed to 
 Niles, in the State of Michigan, where he died, July 
 23, 1846, aged sixty-three years. 
 
 Varninn, .Joseph Bradleij. — Born in 1759, 
 in Dracut, Massachusetts ; he was a General in the 
 Revolutionary war ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1795 to 1811, being four years Speaker, 
 during the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses. He was 
 
 chosen Senator in 1811, served till 1817, and was 
 President pro tern, of the Senate. Of the three con- 
 ventions of Massachusetts he was a useful member. 
 He died suddenly, September 11, 1821, being then 
 Major-General of a division of the Militia. 
 
 Vaiighan, William If. — He was elected to 
 the Forty-second Congress, as a Representative from 
 Tennessee, and served on the Committee on Terri- 
 tories. 
 
 Vavx, Soberts. — Born in Philadelphia, January 
 21, 1786 ; educated at the Friends" Academy, being a 
 member of that Society ; and early devoted himself 
 to philanthropic labors ; he was President of the 
 Board of Comptrollers of the public schools of Phil- 
 adelphia ; and to him the "Separate System" for 
 Penitentiaries of Pennsylvania owes its success ; he 
 was the originator and advocate of many of the pub- 
 lic institutions of the city ; and a sliort time before 
 his death was appointed Judge of the County Court 
 of Philadelphia. He was a successful author, and 
 wrote the Memoirs of Lay, Bennet, and Sandiford, 
 which are good specimens of his style. Died Janu- 
 ary 7, 1836. 
 
 Veazey, Thomas W. — He was Governor of 
 Maryland from 1836 to 1838 ; a member of the 
 House of Delegates and of the Executive Council. 
 Died in Cecil County, Maryland, June 30, 1848, aged 
 sixty-eight years. 
 
 Venable, Abraham S. — He was a graduate of 
 Princeton College in 1780 ; a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Virginia from 1791 to 1790 ; and a Senator 
 of the United States from 1803 to 1804. He perished 
 in the conflagration of the theater at Richmond, Vir- 
 ginia, December 26, 1811. 
 
 Venable, Abraham IF. — Born in Prince Ed- 
 ward County, Virginia, October 17, 1799 ; graduated 
 at Hampden Sidney College in 1816 ; studied medi- 
 cine for two years, and then went to Princeton Col- 
 lege, where he graduated in 1819 ; he then studied 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in North Carolina, 
 in 1821. He was a Presidential Elector in 1832, and 
 also in 1836 ; and a Representative in Congress from 
 North Carolina from 1847 to 1853. His father and 
 six uncles were in the Revolutionary war, serving 
 their country faithfully. He took part in the Rebel- 
 lion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Confederate 
 Congress, having previously been elected a Presiden- 
 tial Elector. 
 
 Venable, iniliam E, — He was a citizen of 
 Tennessee ; arrived in Guatemala, in March, 1857, 
 as Minister Resident, and died August 23, of the 
 same year. 
 
 Verplanck, Daniel C. — He was born in New 
 York, in 1761, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1802 to 1809. He subsequently 
 served for many years as Judge of the County Court 
 of Dutchess County, New York, resigning in 1838, 
 and died near Fishkill, March 29, 1834. Was the 
 father of G. C. Verplanck. 
 
 J'erplauek, Gulian C. — Born in the City of 
 New Y'ork in August, 1786 ; graduated at Columbia 
 College in 1801 ; pursued the study of the law ; and, 
 after his admission to the bar, he passed several 
 years abroad, in Great Britain and on the continent. 
 On his return home he became interested in politics, 
 and in 1814 was a candidate of the "malcontents" 
 in New Y''ork for the Assembly. In 1819 he wrote 
 the "State Triumvirate, a Political Tale," being a 
 satii-e on the political parties of the day, and other 
 works of a similar description. In 1820 he was a 
 
444 
 
 IIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 prominent member of tlie New York Legislature, in 
 which he was Chairman of the Committee on Educa- 
 tion. He soon after became Professor of ilie Evi- 
 dences of Christianity, in the Theological Seminary 
 of tlie Protestant Episcopal Church in New YorJs, and 
 in 1834 published his "Essays on the Nature and 
 Uses of the various Evidences of Revealed Religion," 
 — a work written with simplicity and elegance. The 
 following year appeared his " Essay on the Doctrine 
 of Contracts ; being an Inquiry how Contracts are 
 affected, in Law and Morals, by Concealment, Error, 
 or Inadequate Price." Beside these works, he con- 
 tributed much to various magazines, and, in conjunc- 
 tion with Mr. Bryant and Mr. Sands, he published the 
 "Talisman," a sort of annual, three volumes of 
 which appeared. From 1835 he was for eight years a 
 member of Congress from the City of New York, 
 and he was afterwards, for several years, a member 
 of the New York Senate. He also published, in 
 1833, a collection of his discourses and addresses on 
 various subjects, and in 184-t and 1840 a handsome 
 edition of Shakespeare. He was a Regent of tlie 
 University of New York from January 1836, and 
 held many other local offices. Died in New York 
 City, March 18, 1870. 
 
 Verree, John F. — Born in Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 181U ; is an iron manufacturer by occupa- 
 tion, — the business of his whole life heretofore ; was 
 for six years a member of the Pliiladelphia Select 
 Council, and four years the presiding officer of that 
 body ; and was elected a Representative, from Penn- 
 sylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
 
 Vibbard, Chaiiiici/. — Was born at Galway, 
 Saratoga County, New York, November 11,1811 ; re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; was employed 
 for several years as a clerk in a store, and afterwards 
 in a railroad office, iu Albany ; in 1848 lie became 1he 
 Superintendent of the Utica and Schenectady Rail- 
 way Company ; and was afterwards called to the 
 same position in tlie New Yorli Central Railway Com- 
 pany, in which capacity he continued until elected a 
 Representative, from New York, to the Tliirty-seventh 
 Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 the Post-Office and Post Roads. 
 
 Viclcet's, George, — Born in Chestertown, Kent 
 County, Maryland, November 19, 1801 ; received an 
 academical education ; became a Clerk iu the office of 
 a County Clerk ; studied law and came to the bar iu 
 1833 ; in 183G lie was an Elector of the State Senate 
 of Maryland ; subsequently declined the appointment 
 of Judge tendered by Governors Hicks and Bradford ; 
 was a Delegate to tlie " Baltimore Whig Convention " 
 of 1853 ; in 18G4 lie was a Presidential Elector ; was 
 a member of the State Senate in 1866 and 1867 ; and 
 in 1868 he was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 Maryland, for the term ending iu 1873, in the place 
 of P. P. Thomas, rejected by the Senate. At the 
 commencement of the Rebellion he received from the 
 Governor the appointment of Major-Qeneral of the 
 Maryland Militia. 
 
 VUlel, lUichel, — Born in Languedoc, France ; 
 received a collegiate education ; emigrated to the 
 Republic of Texas ; spent two years in Louisiana en- 
 gaged in literary pursuits ; was subsequently a writer 
 for the newspaper press in Quebec, Canada, in New 
 York City, and New Orleans ; in 1867, lie started in 
 Opelousas a paper called the St. Lundry Prnqress ; 
 was afterwards appointed a Registrar for tlie City of 
 New Orleans; was a Delegate to tlie State Constitu 
 tional Convention of 1868 ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Louisiana to tlie Fortietli Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the State Department. 
 
 He was subsequently appointed Consul at Tripoli, 
 and when certain troubles occurred iu 1875 vacated 
 his post. 
 
 Villere, Jaquez, — He was Major of volunteers 
 under General Jackson in the battle of New Orleans 
 in 1814 and 1815 ; and was Governor of Louisiana 
 from 1816 to 1830. 
 
 Vining, tjolm. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress, from Delaware, from 1789 to 1793, having 
 voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 
 Potomac, and a Senator iu Congress from 1795 to 
 1798, when he resigned. He had previously been 
 elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 
 1784 to 1786. 
 
 Vinton, Samuel F. — Born at South Hadley, 
 Massachusetts, September 35, 1793. He graduated 
 at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1814 ; studied 
 law in Middleton, Connecticut, and was admitled 
 to the bar in 1816, when he removed to Ohio, 
 and practiced his profe.ssiou with eminent success. 
 He was first elected a Representative in Congress in 
 1833, and served fourteen years, when he declined a 
 re-election ; he was re-elected iu 1843, and served 
 eight years in succession, wlien he again declined a 
 re-election, and retired to private life, where his 
 tastes and wishes inclined him to remain. In 1841 
 lie was also a Presidential Elector. While in Con- 
 gress, Mr. Vinton served as Chairman of several of 
 the most important committees. In 1863 he was ap- 
 pointed a Commissioner under the act emancipating 
 the slaves in the District of Columbia, and died in 
 Washington iu May, 1863. 
 
 Voorhees, Daniel JF. — Was born in Fountain 
 County, Indiana, September 26, 1838 ; graduated at 
 the Indiana Asbury University in 1849 ; read law, and 
 commenced the practice iu 1851 ; in 1858 he was ap- 
 pointed United States District Attorney for Indiana 
 by President Buclianan, wliicli office he held three 
 years ; in 18.59 he was engaged in the defense of Jolin 
 E. Cook, at Harper's Ferry, for participation in the 
 Jolin Brown raid. Iu 1860 lie was elected a Repre- 
 sentative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Elections, and 
 was re-elected to the Tliirty-eighth Congress, serving 
 on the same committee. Occasi mally, by way of re- 
 lieving the monotony of professional life, he is in the 
 habit of addressing literary societies on suljjects of 
 general interest. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, 
 but his seat was successfully contested by H. D. 
 Washburn. Elected to the New York Convention of 
 1868. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Revision of Laws and Pacific 
 Railroad. 
 
 Vose, Henry. — He was born in Charlestown, 
 Massachusetts, in 1817 ; graduated at Harvard Col- 
 lege in 1837 ; studied law, and settled iu Springfield, 
 whence he was sent to the Legislature in 1857 and 
 1858; and iu 1859 he was appointed Judge of the 
 Superior Court, which position he held until his 
 death, which occurred at Boston, January 17, 1869. 
 
 Vose, Roger. — He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 179l3 ; was for many years Chief Justice of 
 the Court of Common Pleas in New Hampshire ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress, from that State, 
 from 1813 to 1817 ; and died April 17, 1843. 
 
 Vrooni, Feter D. — He was born in New Jersey 
 in 1791 ; graduated at Columbia College, New York ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 Jersey from 1839 to 1841. He was also Governor of 
 New Jersey from 1839 to 1833, and for a second term 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 443 
 
 from 1833 to 1836 ; and a member of the " State Con- 
 stitutional Convention" of 1844. In 1853 he was a 
 Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was appointed 
 Minister to Prussia. He was also a Delegate to the 
 "Peace Congress" of 1861. Died in Trenton, No- 
 vember 18, 1873. 
 
 t fad dell, Alfred Moore. — He was born in 
 Hillsborough, North Carolina, September 16, 1834 ; 
 graduated at the University of North Carolina in 
 1853 ; studied law, and adopted the profession ; was 
 clerk of the Court of Equity from 1858 until 1861 ; a 
 Delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore in 
 1860 ; edited the Wilmington Daily Ilcmld from 1860 
 to ISiji ; served in the Confederate Army as Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel of Cavalry ; elected to the Forty-second, 
 Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on 
 the Committee on Manufactures. 
 
 Wade, Benjamin F. — ^He was born in Feed- 
 ing Hills Parish, Massachusetts, October 27, 1800 ; 
 received a limited education, and commenced active 
 life by teaching school and attending to agricultural 
 pursuits in Ohio, to which State he removed when 
 twenty-one years of age ; he studied law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 18i8, and held the various po- 
 sitions of Justice of the Peace, Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Ashtabula County, State Senator, and President 
 of a Judicial Circuit. In 1851 he was elected a Sen- 
 ator in Congress from Ohio, for the term ending in 
 1857 ; and he was re-elected for a second and third 
 term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Territories and of the Special Commit- 
 tee on the Conduct of the War, and as a member of 
 the Committees on Foreign Relations and on the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1806; and 
 on the meeting of the Fortieth Congress he was 
 chosen President of the Senate pro tern. His father 
 was a soldier, who fought in every battle of the Rev- 
 olution from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. In 1869 he 
 was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Rail- 
 road Company. 
 
 Wade, Decilis S. — He was born in Ohio, from 
 which State he was appointed Chief Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States for the Territory 
 of Montana, residing at Helena. 
 
 Wade, Edward,— Tie was born in West Spring- 
 field, Massachusetts, November 23, 1803, and re- 
 ceived a common-school education ; he removed with 
 his father to Andover, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 
 1831, where he removed until 1824, and engaged in 
 clearing the land. He studied law in Albany and 
 Troy, New York, and was admitted to the bar in Jef- 
 fer.son, Ohio, in 1837, and was elected Justice of the 
 Peace in that county ; in 1832 he removed to Union- 
 ville, and remained until 1837, and finally settled in 
 Cleveland. He was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio in the Thirty-third Congress, to which position 
 he was re-elected three terms, serving in the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress on the Committee on Commerce. Died 
 in Cleveland, in August, 1866. 
 
 Wadleifih, Bahibridf/e. — He was born in 
 Bradford, New Hampshire, January 4, 1831 ; receiv- 
 ed a liberal education, studied law, and admitted to 
 the bar in 1850, was a member of the State House of 
 Representatives for eight years, between 1855 and 
 1873 ; and was elected to the United States Senate 
 for the term commencing in 1873, and ending in 
 1879, serving on the Committees on Patents, Military 
 Affairs, and Elections. 
 
 Wadsworth, •James. — He was a Delegate from 
 Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1783 
 to 1786. 
 
 Wadsworth, Jeremiali. — He was a Delegate 
 from Connecticnt to the Continental Congress from 
 1786 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1789 to 1795. Died in 1804, aged 
 sixty years. 
 
 Wadsworfh, Peleg. — Was born in Duxbury, 
 Massachusetts, May 6, 1748 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1769, and afterwards engaged in com- 
 mercial pursuits. He joined the army as Captain of a 
 Company of Minute Men, at Roxbury, in the begin- 
 ning of the war, and by his skill and courage rose 
 rapidly in the service. He was second in command 
 of the forces sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts in 
 1799, on which occasion he displayed great courage, 
 and was taken prisoner. He rose to the rank of Brig- 
 adier-General. After the war, in 1784, he established 
 himself in Portland, Maine, in mercantile business; 
 and was employed much in surveying, in which he 
 was quite skillful. In 1793 he was elected a Senator 
 in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and in the same 
 year was chosen the first Representative in Congress 
 from his District. He was successively re-elected 
 until 1800, when he declined a further nomination. 
 In 1798 the citizens of Portland gave him a public 
 dinner in approbation of his conduct as their Repre- 
 sentative. In 1807 he removed to the County of Ox- 
 ford, Maine, to improve a large tract of land granted 
 to him by the Government for his services. Here he 
 passed the remainder of his days in retirement, en- 
 joying the respect of a large circle of his friends and 
 fellow-citizens. He died in 1839. 
 
 Wadsivorfh, William 11. — Was born in Mays- 
 ville. Mason County, Kentucky, July 4, 1821, but 
 came of the old family of Wadsworths who founded 
 the city of Hartford, Connecticut. He received his 
 education from the Maysville Seminary and the Au- 
 gusta College of Kentucky ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; sat in the Senate of Kentucky in 1853 and 
 1855 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, presiding 
 over the Electoral College ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving ou the Committee on Naval Aifairs. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Public Lauds and the Joint Com- 
 mittee on the Library. After leaving Congress he was 
 appointed Commissioner of the Mexican Claims Com- 
 mission. 
 
 Wagencr, David D. — He was bom in Penn- 
 sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1833 to 1841. He was a merchant, 
 and for many years President of the Easton Bank. 
 Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1860. 
 
 Wafigamann, George A. — He was Secretary 
 of the State of Louisiana under three administrations ; 
 held various other public positions ; and was a Sena- 
 tor in Congress from 1831 to 1835. He died at New 
 Orleans, March 23, 1843, from the effects of a wound 
 received in a duel, aged fifty-three years. 
 
 Wagner, Peter J. — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1841. 
 
 Waite, Charles B, — He was bom in New York, 
 and removed to Illinois, from which State lie was ap- 
 pointed an Associate Judge of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake 
 City. 
 
 Waite, Henry Matson.— Born in Lyme, Con- 
 necticut, February 9, 1787; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1809 ; admitted to the bar in 1813 ; and prac- 
 ticed in Lyme ; was a member of the State Legis- 
 
444 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 laturein 1815 ; of the Senate in 1833 and 1823 ; Judge 
 of the Superior Court, and Supreme Court of Errors 
 from 1834 to 1854 ; and Chief Justice from 1854 to 
 1857. Died at Lyme, December 14, 1869. He was the 
 father of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States. 
 
 IVaife, Morrison S, — He was born in Lyme, 
 Connecticut, November 29, 1816 ; graduated at Yale j 
 College in 1837 ; studied law in his native place with 
 his father, then a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Errors ; removed to Ohio in 1838 ; was admitted to 
 the bar in 1839 ; practiced his profession from that 
 date until 1874 in Maumee City and Toledo. In 1849 
 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1871 he 
 was one of the Counsel of the United States before the 
 Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva, under the Treaty 
 of Washington ; in 1873 he was elected unanimously 
 a member of the Convention to Amend the Constitu- 
 tion of Ohio, and was made President ; and in Janu- 
 ary, 1874, he was nominated and confirmed as Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 taking the oath of office on the 4th day of the follow- 
 ing March. In 1875, when some of his friends in Ohio 
 proposed that he should consent to be a candidate for 
 the Presidency, he wrote a letter declining the honor, 
 and his opinions on the subject were universally ap- 
 plauded throughout the country. 
 
 Wakely, Ebenezer, — He was bom in New 
 York ; settled in Wisconsin, and was appointed an 
 Associate Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of Nebraska. 
 
 Wakeman, Abraham. — Bom in Fairfield, 
 Connecticut, May 31, 1824. He received a district- 
 school education ; when sixteen years of age he re- 
 moved to Ne%v Rochelle, New York, and taught 
 school ; he subsequently attended an academy in Her- 
 kimer County as pupil; working a part of the time on 
 a farm to pay his expenses ; he then went into the 
 wilderness and took charge of a saw-mill ; after that 
 he went into the business of selling books by sub- 
 scription, traveling through much of the Union ; In 
 1844 he commenced the study of law in Herkimer 
 County, New Y'ork ; went to New Y"ork City in 1846 ; 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; in 1850 he was 
 elected to the Legislature ; re-elected in 1851 ; in 1854 
 was elected an Alderman in New York, serving two 
 years ; aud in 1856 was elected a Representative to 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress. He also frequently served 
 as a member of State Conventions. 
 
 IFalbridge, David S. — ^Born in Bennington, 
 Vermont, July 30, 1803 ; received his education from 
 the common schools of the vicinity ; had devoted him- 
 self to the various employments of the farmer, the 
 merchant, and the miller ; he removed to Michigan in 
 1843 and was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from that State in 1854. and served until 1859. Died 
 at Kalamazoo, June 15, 1868. 
 
 IValbridqe, Henry S. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Walbridffe, Hiram, — Born at Ithaca, Tompkins 
 County, New York, February 3, 1831 ; commenced 
 life by learning the trade of a mechanic ; subse- 
 quently received a good education at the Ohio Uni- 
 versity ; when twenty-three years of age was elected 
 Brigadier-General of the Ohio Militia ; and removing 
 to New York City, was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from New York, serving from 1853 to 1855. 
 In 1865 he was President of the " Commercial Con- 
 vention " held in Detroit ; and was also Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 Died in New York City, December 6, 1870. 
 
 IValcott, C. J*.— He was Assistant Secretary of 
 War during a part of the Rebellion. 
 
 Walden, Hiram, — He was born in Rutland 
 County, Vermont, August 29, 1800 ; received a limited 
 education, and, having removed with his father to 
 York, devoted himself to the business of cloth-dress- 
 ing and wool-carding ; he took an interest in military 
 affairs, and attained the office of Major-General of 
 Militia ; in 1836 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; in 1843 he was elected a Supervisor in the 
 County of Schoharie ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Walden, Madifsoi M, — He was bom in Adams 
 County, Ohio, October 6, 1836 ; educated at the Den- 
 mark Academy ; graduated at the Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity, Ohio, in 1859 ; studied law ; served in the Army 
 from 1861 to 1865, as Captain of Infantry aud Cav- 
 alry ; had charge of a newspaper at Centreville, 
 Iowa ; was a member of the House of Representatives 
 in 1866 and 1867 ; a member of the State Senate in 
 1868 and 1869 ; Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa in 1870 ; 
 and was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Waldo, H. L , — He was appointed in January, 
 1876, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the 
 Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Waldo, Lorin P, — Was born in Canterbury, 
 Windham County, Connecticut, February 2, 1802 ; 
 received a thorough English education in the com- 
 mon schools, and pursued the study of the classics to 
 some extent under private instructors ; read law, and 
 was admitted to practice in the courts of the State of 
 Connecticut, in September, 1825 ; located in Tolland 
 County, Connecticut, where he was State's Attorney 
 from 1837 to 1849 ; was two years Judge of the Court 
 of Probate in his district, and six years a member of 
 the Legislature of his State. In April, 1849, he was 
 elected to the Thirty-first Congress, and served the 
 term. In 1853 he was elected Commissioner of the 
 School Fund of Connecticut ; was, in March, 1853, ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce Commissioner of Pen- 
 sions ; and in June, 1855, was elected by the Legisla- 
 ture of Connecticut to the office of Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court. He was also a Delegate to the Phila- 
 delphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Waldron, Henrtj, — He was born in Albany, 
 New Y''ork, October 11, 1819 ; graduated at Rutgers 
 College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, in July, 1836 ; 
 became a civil engineer by profession ; was elected to 
 the Legislature of Michigan in 1843 ; and served as a 
 Representative in Congress during the years 1855, 
 1856, 1857, and 18.58, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Mileage. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Terri- 
 tories ; and also to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and 
 Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Comm'.ttees 
 on Banking and Ways and Means, and Chairman of 
 that on Mining. 
 
 Wales, George E. — He was born in Wyndhara 
 County, Vermont ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Vermont from 1825 to 1839. He also served 
 six years in the State Legislature, and was Speaker in 
 1833 and 1824 ; and was Judge of Probate for Hart- 
 ford County from 1843 to 1848. 
 
 Wales, •John, — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Delaware from 1849 to 1851. in place of John M. 
 Clayton, resigned. Died December 3, 1863. 
 
 Walker, Amasa, — He was bom in Woodstock, 
 Connecticut, May 4, 1799 ; received a common-school 
 education ; adopted the mercantile business ; in 1843 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 445 
 
 became Professor of Political Economy at the Oberlin 
 College, Ohio ; in 1843 he visited Europe, as a Dele- 
 gate to the Peace Congress ; ou the same mission in 
 1849 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1849 ; 
 a State Senator in 1850 ; Secretary of State in 1851 
 and 1853; a member of the "State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1853, and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress for the unexpired term of G. F. Bailey, deceased, 
 lie was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; and a Delegate 
 to tlie Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1860 ; 
 and was the author of a work on the "Science of 
 Wealth." Died in North Brookfield, Massachusetts, 
 October 29, 1875. He was the father of F. A. Walker, 
 formerly at the head of the Census Bureau in Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 IValher, Benjamin, — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1801 to 1803. 
 
 Walker, Chavles 31. — He was bom in Ohio ; 
 and in 1863 was appointed from Indiana Fifth Audi- 
 tor of the Treasury, serving until 1869. 
 
 Walker, C. C. B. — Born in Drewsville, Cheshire 
 County, New Hampshire, June 37, 1824 ; educated at 
 the Kimball and Keene Union Academies ; removed 
 to Corning, New York, and was made Supervisor of 
 the town ; was Postmaster of Corning from 1856 to 
 18G0 ; was a Delagate to the " Charleston Convention " 
 of that year ; was an Assistant Quartermaster-General 
 at Elmira in 1861 ; was Delegate to the " Baltimore 
 Convention " of 1872 ; was for twenty-two years a 
 member of the New York State Democratic Central 
 Committee, and in 1874 he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Walker, David, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1817 to 1830. Died 
 March 1, 1830, having sent a request to Congress that 
 his death should not be officially noticed, which re- 
 quest was complied with. 
 
 Walker, David S, — He was Governor of Florida 
 from 1866 to 1868. 
 
 Walker, Felix. — He was bom in Hampshire 
 County, Virginia, July 19, 1753, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1817 
 to 1833 ; was the friend and companion of Daniel 
 Boone, when he explored Kentucky and founded 
 Boonsborough ; he served as a soldier in the Indian 
 wars iu the Carolinas ; settled in Tryon County, 
 North Carolina ; and was for many years in the State 
 Legislature ; and, subsequently removing to the State 
 of Mississippi, he died there in 1830. 
 
 Walker, Franeiit, — He was a Representative 
 m Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1795. 
 
 Walker, Francis Aniasa, — Bom in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, July 3, 1840 ; removed with his father 
 to North Brookfield in 1843 ; graduated at Amherst 
 College in 1860 ; began the study of law, but was 
 made Sergeant-Major of Fifteenth Massachusetts 
 Regiment in 1861, and was the same year promoted 
 to Assistant Adjutant-General of Couch's Brigade, 
 and in 1863 Adjutant-General of Couch's Division; 
 in 1863 was Colonel on the Staff of the Second Army 
 Corps ; was Brevet Brigadier-General in 1865 ; and 
 served iu the Army of the Potomac ; was wounded at 
 Chancellorsville ; made prisoner at Ream's Station ; 
 confined in Libby Prison, and exchanged in 1865. He 
 taught for two years in Williston Seminary ; was for 
 one year editor of the Springfield Republican : then 
 took charge of the Bureau of Statistics at Washing- 
 ton ; was Superintendent of the Census of 1870 ; and 
 iu 1871 was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 
 
 and subsequently appointed Professor at Yale Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Walker, Freeman, — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Georgia from 1819 to 1831, and resigned. 
 
 Walker, George, — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Kentucky from 1814 to 1815, by appointment of 
 the Governor, and was succeeded by W. T. Barry, 
 appointed by the Legislature. 
 
 Walker, Gilbert C — Born in Binghamton, New 
 York, August 1, 1832 ; entered Williams College, 
 Massachusetts, but graduated in 1854 at Hamilton 
 College, New York ; came to the bar and settled at 
 Owego ; iu 1858 he was a member of the " Democratic 
 Convention ;" in 1859 he removed to Chicago, Illinois, 
 practicing law and participating in politics ; in 1864 
 he went to Norfolk, Virginia, and very soon became 
 President of a Bank, the Exchange National, and 
 held other positions of honor and trust. He subse- 
 quently settled in Richmond ; in 1869 he was elected 
 Governor of Virginia by an unprecedented majority, 
 serving four years ; and he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Virginia to the Forty-fourth Congress. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Education and Labor. 
 
 Walker, JTenderson, — He was Governor of 
 North Carolina from 1699 to his death ; wasa lawyer. 
 Judge of the Supreme Court, and President of the 
 Council, and introduced important reform.s in the Ju- 
 diciary. Died April 14, 1704, aged forty-four years. 
 
 Walker, Isaac P. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Wisconsin from 1848 to 1855, and Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. In 
 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. 
 
 Walker, .Ta m es, — He was a citizen of New York ; 
 went to Mexico with the American Army in 1840, 
 in the capacity of an artist ; and in 1861 received 
 from the Government an order for a picture called 
 the Storminff of Ghapultepcc, which now hangs in one 
 of the corridors of the Capitol in Washington. He 
 subsequently painted a picture connected with the 
 War for the Union, which greatly added to his repu- 
 tation. 
 
 Walker, tfoJin, — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from Virginia during the year 1790, by appointment, 
 but was superseded by J. Monroe. He was one of 
 those who voted for locating the Seat of Government 
 on the Potomac. 
 
 Walker, John JT. — He was a native of Penn- 
 sylvania, and appointed a Judge of the United States 
 Court for the District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Walker, John W, — He graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1806 ; was a Senator in Congress from 
 Alabama from 1819 to 1823 ; and died in April 1823. 
 He resigned his seat iu Congress on account of ill- 
 health. It is said that he sometimes addressed the 
 Senate when it was thought he would die before fin- 
 ishing. 
 
 Walker, Joseph, — He was elected Governor of 
 Louisiana in 1850 and held the oflSce until 1854. 
 
 Walker, Ferci/, — Born near Huntsville, Alaba- 
 ma ; received an academic education, and in 1835 grad- 
 uated in the medical department of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, and removed to Mobile. He served as 
 an officer in a Volunteer company during the Creek 
 war. He afterwards studied law as a profession, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; he was elected by 
 the Legislature to the office of State's Attorney for 
 
44G 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ^ mi 
 
 the Sixth Judicial Circuit, which he held four years. 
 In 18:», 1847, and 1853, he Represented Mobile 
 County in the General Assembly ; and in 1855 was 
 elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress. At the next election he declined 
 being a candidate, and resumed the practice of law. 
 
 Walker, Robert J. — Was born at Northumber- 
 land, in the State of Pennsylvania, July 19, 1801. 
 He entered the University of Pennsylvania, in Phila- 
 delphia, where he graduated, in 1819. On leaving 
 College he settled in Pittsburg, studied law and was 
 admitted to practice in 1821. He interested himself 
 in politics at a very early period, and became Chair- 
 man of a Democratic Committee, during a State elec- 
 tion, wlien only twenty-two years of age. A year or 
 two later he took part in the movement in favor of 
 nominating General Jackson to the Presidency, and 
 was instrumental in bringing about the action of the 
 " Harrisburg Convention," which nominated Jackson 
 for that office in 1834. In the Spring of 1826 he 
 removed to tlie State of Mississippi. He uniformly re- 
 fused political office until 1836, when he was chosen 
 a Senator in Congress, serving until 1845. In that 
 body he was one of the leaders of his party. In 
 March, 1845, on President Polk's accession to office, 
 he was called upon to take charge of the Treasury 
 Department, which he administered for four years. 
 He subsequently visited England, where he met with 
 flattering attentions. After having been for some 
 years out of the pale of politics, he was appointed by 
 President Buchanan, in 1857, Governor of the Territory 
 of Kansas, which office he resigned. In 1803 he 
 again went to Europe and negotiated bonds of the 
 Government to the amount of two hundred and fifty 
 
 illion dollars. His financial writings were numer- 
 ous and highly appreciated. He was a Delegate 
 to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" 
 of 1806. Died in Washington, November 11, 1869. 
 
 Wdlher, Timothy. — Born in Rum ford, June 
 26, 1737 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1756 ; 
 studied diviuitj', commanded a regiment of Minutemen 
 at the siege of Boston ; was one of the Committee of 
 Safety in 1776 ; was afterwards Paymaster ; member 
 of State Constitutional Convention ; State Represent- 
 ative and Senator ; Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas of New Hampshire, from 1777 to 1804 ; and 
 Chief Justice from 1804 to 1809. 
 
 WaJlcer, Jf'itfiani A. — He was born in New 
 Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1853 to 1855. Died in New 
 York, December 18, 1861. 
 
 Wall, Garret D. — Born in Monmouth County, 
 New Jersey, March 10, 1783 ; received an academical 
 education, and in 1798 commenced the study of law 
 at Trenton ; in 1804 was licensed as an Attorney, and 
 in 1807 as Counselor-at-law. Was appointed Clerk 
 of the Supreme Court in 1812, which office he held 
 for five years. He commanded a Volunteer company 
 at the defense of Sandy Hook in the war of 1812 ; 
 and was Quartermaster-General of the State from 
 1815 to 1837. In 1827 he was elected to the General 
 Assembly. In 1829 was appointed United States Dis- 
 trict Attorney for New Jersey, and the same year 
 elected Governor of the State, by the Legislature, but 
 declined the appointment. He was a member of the 
 United States Senate from 1835 to 1841. In 1843 his 
 health was greatly impaired by a stroke of paralysis ; 
 but in 1848 he was appointed Judge of the Court of 
 Errors and Appeals, which office he occupied until his 
 death, which occurred in Burlington, New Jersey, 
 November 22, 1850. His disease was dropsy on the 
 chest. 
 
 Wall, tfatnes W. — Was bom in Trenton, New 
 
 Jersey, in 1820 ; his father. Garret D. Wall, having 
 been a Senator before him ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1839 ; studied law, and commenced to 
 practice in Trenton ; his first public position was that 
 of Commissioner of Bankruptcy ; in 1847 he settled 
 in Burlington, and devoted some attention to literary 
 pursuits ; in 1850 he was elected Mayor of Burling- 
 ton ; and in 1854 he visited Europe, and published a 
 volume, entitled " Foreign Etchings ; or. Visits to 
 the Old World's Pleasant Places." During the early 
 part of the Rebellion he wrote against the administra- 
 tion in power, for interfering with the freedom of the 
 press, was imprisoned for a few weeks, in Fort 
 Lafayette, and on his release was welcomed home 
 with great enthusiasm by his fellow-citizens ; and in 
 January, 1863, he was elected a Senator in Congress 
 from New Jersey, for the unexpired term of John W. 
 Thompson, deceased, but which seat was for a short 
 time occupied by R. S. Field. Died June 9, 1872. 
 
 Wall, William, — Was born in Philadelphia, 
 March 20, 1801 ; served seven years as an apprentice 
 to a ropemaker ; removed to Kings County, Long 
 Island, in 1822, where he followed his business of 
 ropemaking so successfully that when he gave it up 
 in 1856 he had acquired a large fortune. While thus 
 engaged in active business, he was called upon to fill 
 a great numljer of local offices, such as Commissioner 
 of Highways, School Trustee, Supervisor, Commis- 
 sioner of Water-works, etc. ; and in 1860 he was 
 elected a Representative from New York to the Thir- 
 ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures on Public 
 Buildings. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel- 
 phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 
 Wallace, Alexander S, — He was born in York 
 County, South Carolina, December 30, 1810 ; received 
 a liberal education ; was a planter ; appointed a mag- 
 istrate in 1838, and reappointed until 1853 ; elected a 
 member of the Legislature in 1852 as a Union candi- 
 date, in opposition to all secession movements ; was 
 again elected in 1865 ; appointed Internal Revenue 
 Collector in 1866 ; which position he held until 
 elected to the Forty-first, and re-elected to the 
 Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pen- 
 sions, Accounts, and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Wallace, Daniel.— He was bom in South 
 Carolina, and was a Representatative in Congress 
 from that State from 1847 to 1853. 
 
 Wallace, Dai'id. — He was born in Philadel- 
 phia, April 4, 1799 ; graduated at West Point in 1821, 
 and served for a time as Professor of Mathematics. 
 In 1838 he was a member of the Indiana Legislature ; 
 elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1830 and 
 in 1833 ; Governor of the State from 1837 to 1840 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana 
 from 1841 to 1843 ; and subsequently to his service 
 in Congress was Prosecuting Attorney for the State ; 
 a member of the " State Constitutional Convention ;" 
 and in 1856 was elected Judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas at Indianapolis, where he died, September 
 5, 1859. 
 
 Wallace, J'atnes 31. — He was bom in Dauphin 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1815 to 1821. It is said 
 he always protested against the initial M. in his 
 name, but never got rid of it in the Journals of Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Wf'llace, ,7ohn William. — Bom in Philadel- 
 phia, February 17, 1815 ; graduated at the University 
 of Pennsylvania in 1833 ; was Master of Chancery of 
 Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Was Reporter in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 447 
 
 United States Supreme Court from March 1864. Au- 
 thor of "The Reporters;" "Cases in the Third 
 Circuit, United States Circuit Court," from 1842 to 
 1853 ; " Reporters United States Supreme Court," 
 1864. Edited " British Crown Cases Reserved, " 
 Smith's " Leadiug Cases," and "American Leading 
 Cases ; " President of the Historical Society of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 Wallace, John W. — Born at Beaver Falls, 
 Pennsylvania, December 20, 1818 ; received a classical 
 education ; studied medicine, and graduated at Jef- 
 ferson Medical College in 1846. Located in Darling- 
 ton, Pennsylvania, hut removed to Newcastle, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 18o0, and acquired an extensive practice ; 
 was several times a delegate to State and National 
 Conventions ; in 1860 was elected to the Thirty-sev- 
 enth Congress ; renominated in 1863, but defeated ; 
 in 1863 appointed Paymaster in the Army and served 
 till the close of the war. In 1870 was Presidential 
 Elector ; and in 1874 was elected a Representative 
 from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Wallace, William A. — Bom in Clearfield, 
 Pennsylvania, November 28, 1837 ; studied law and 
 went to the bar in 1847 ; in 1862 he was elected to 
 the State Senate, and served by re-elections until 
 1871, when he was made Speaker of that body ; fre- 
 quently served as chairman of political conventions, 
 and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term 
 commencing in 1875 and ending in 1881. 
 
 Wallace, Willinm JT. — Bom in Miami County, 
 Ohio, July 17. 1811; spent his early life in Indiana; 
 removed to Iowa in 1837 ; was elected to the State 
 Legislature of Iowa, and served as Speaker, and also 
 as President of the State Council ; was appointed by 
 President Taylor Receiver of Public Moneys at Fair- 
 field, Iowa ; removed to Washington Territory in 
 1853 ; served several sessions in the Territorial Leg- 
 islature ; was appointed in 1861 by President Lincoln 
 Governor of Washington Territory ; was elected a 
 Delegate therefrom to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; 
 was appointed the first Governor of Idaho Territory ; 
 and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, as a 
 Delegate from Idaho. He was a member of the Na- 
 tional Committee to accompany the remains of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln to Illinois. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 
 
 Wallace, William •!. — He was born in Syra- 
 cuse, New York, April 14, 1837 ; was chiefly educat- 
 ed by a private tutor ; graduated at the Law School 
 of Hamilton College, and came to the bar in 1857 ; 
 and continued in active practice until appointed 
 United States Judge of the District Court for North- 
 ern New York in 1874. His home is in Syracuse, of 
 ■which city he was elected Mayor in 1878. 
 
 Wallet/, Samuel FT. — Born in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, August 31, 1805 ; fitted for college at An- 
 dover Academy ; graduated at Harvard University in 
 1826 ; studied law ; officiated for twenty years as 
 Treasurer of a savings bank in Boston for the benefit 
 of seamen ; was also Treasurer, for a long time, of a 
 railroad in Vermont, and one in New York ; he was 
 also a member of the State Legislature for eight ses- 
 sions, and Speaker of the House for two years ; and 
 a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. On 
 his return from Wa.shington he was the Whig candi- 
 date for Governor of Massachusetts, but was defeat- 
 ed ; was a Bank Commissioner in 1858 ; and in 1859 
 became President of the Revere Bank, of Boston. 
 
 Walliiiff, Ansel T, — ^Bom In Otsego County, 
 New York, January ]0, 1824 ; removed with his elder 
 brother to Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1833 ; received an 
 
 academical education, and learned the printing trade ; 
 removed to Ohio in 1843 and was editor of the Ma- 
 honing Index and Ciishocton Dcmnrrnt, and for a time 
 of the Keokuk Daily Times in Iowa ; in 1851 he was 
 appointed a Clerk in the Ohio Legislature ; admitted 
 to the bar in 1852 ; was a Delegate to the National 
 Democratic Convention of 1856 from Iowa ; in 1863 
 resumed the practice of his profession at Circleville, 
 Ohio ; in I860 elected to the State Senate ; in 1867 to 
 the State Assembly and made Speaker ; and in 1874 
 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Walls, •Tosiah T. — He was born in Winchester, 
 Virginia, December 80, 1843 ; received a good educa- 
 tion ; was elected a member of the State Constitu- 
 tional Convention in 1868 ; a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1868 ; of the State Senate in 1869, 
 and elected to the Forty-second Congress, but his 
 seat was sucessfuly contested by Silas L. Niblack. 
 
 Wain, Hobcrt. — He was a prominent merchant 
 in Philadelphia, and a member of Congress from 
 Pennsylvania, from 1708 to 1801, first for the unex- 
 pired term of John Swanwick, and was re-elected. 
 Died January 24, 1886, aged seventy -one years. 
 
 Walsh, Mike. — Born in Yanghull, Ireland, 
 but brought to this country when a child ; spent his 
 boyhood as a wanderer ; conducted a paper in New 
 York called the Suhterrnnenn , in which he published 
 certain libels, for which he was imprisoned two years ; 
 and he was a Representative in Congress from New 
 York, from 1858 to 1855. He subsequently visited 
 Europe, and also Mexico, and on March 17, 1859, was 
 found dead in the yard of a public house in New 
 York. The cause of his death is unknown. 
 
 Walsh, 3T. Robert .—He was bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and the son of Robert Walsh the author ; in 
 1841 he was appointed Secretary of Legation to Bre- 
 zil, where he remained until 1847 ; between 1848 and 
 18.50, he acted in the same capacity, and also as 
 Charge d'Aifaires to Costa Rica ; and in 1852 he was 
 instructed as a Special Envoy to obtain a settlement 
 of disputes between Costa Rica and Nicaragua in re- 
 gard to the boundaries which were obstacles to the 
 commencement of the Canal across the latter coun- 
 try, after which he returned to the United States. 
 
 Walsh, Thomas r. — He was a native of Mary- 
 land, and a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1551 to 1858. 
 
 Walsh, Williafn. — Bom in Ireland, May 11, 
 1828 ; emigrated to this country in 1843 ; educated 
 chiefly at St. Mary's College, in Maryland ; studied 
 law in New York and Virginia, and came to the bar 
 in the latter State in 1850 ; settled for the practice of 
 his profession at Cumberland, Maryland, in 18.53 ; was 
 a Presidental Elector in 1860, and also in 1873 ; mem- 
 ber of the Maryland Constitutional Convention of 
 1867, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative to 
 the Forty -fourth Congress. 
 
 Walter, Thomas JJ. — He was born in Philadel- 
 phia, September 4, 1804 ; received a liberal education 
 and became a student of Architecture in 1819 ; subse- 
 quently devoted seven years to the study of mathe- 
 matics, and became a practicing architect in 1830 ; in 
 1831 he designed and executed the building of the 
 Philadelphia County Prison, and in 1833 Girard Col- 
 lege was commenced by him and finished at the end 
 of fourteen years ; designed many other important 
 buildings in various parts of the country ; and in 
 1851 he was appointed to the charge of the Capitol 
 Extension, the corner-stone of which was laid soon 
 afterwards with an oration by Daniel Webster. He 
 
us 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 remained in office for fourteen years, and aside from | 
 his extensive labors on the New Capitol, he designed 
 the New Treasury Building and the Government 
 Hospital for the Insane. In 1849 he was made Master 
 of Arts by Madison University ; Doctor of Philosophy 
 by the University of Pennsylvania in 1853 ; and Doc- 
 tor of Laws by Harvard University. He was also 
 professor of architecture in the Franklin Institute, 
 and a member of the American Philosophical Society. 
 He is now a resident of his native city. 
 
 Walton, Charlen W. — Was bom in Mexico, 
 Oxford County, Maine, December 9, 1819 ; was bred 
 a printer ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1843 ; in 1847 was elected Attorney for Oxford 
 County, which he held for four years ; removing to 
 Androscoggin County in 1855, was elected Attorney 
 for that county in 1857, which office he held until 
 1860, when he was elected a Representative from 
 Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Private Land Claims. In May, 1863, he 
 resigned his seat in Congress, and was appointed by 
 the Governor a Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine. 
 
 M'dlfoti, E. P. — Born in Montpelier, Vermont, 
 February 17, 1812 ; studied law, but was a practical 
 printer and editor, having for several years edited 
 the Vermont Watchman ; he served in the State Leg- 
 islature, as a Representative, one term ; and was then 
 elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
 and was a member of the Committee on Public Ex- 
 penditures. He was also re-elected to the Thirty- 
 sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses, serving as a 
 member of the Committee on Claims, and Chairman 
 of that on Printing. He was also a Delegate to the 
 "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and to the Phila- 
 delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. After 
 leaving Congress he resumed the editorship of his 
 journal in Montpelier, Vennont. 
 
 Walton, George. — He was a native of Virgi- 
 nia ; born in 1740 ; he served an apprenticeship to 
 the carpenter's trade, after the expiration of which 
 he removed to Georgia, studied law, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1774. He was one of the four in- 
 dividuals who called a public meeting at Savannah 
 to concert measures for the defense of the country 
 in 1774 ; was one of the committee who prepared a 
 petition to the king, and drew up the patriotic reso- 
 lutions adopted on that occasion. He was acting in 
 promoting the Revolution at home, and in 1776 was 
 a Delegate to Congre.ss from Georgia, and a Signer 
 of the Declaration of Independence, and of the arti- 
 cles of Confederation. When the enemy attacked 
 Savannah he was dangerously wounded, and taken 
 prisoner, but was released in 1779, and the same year 
 was chosen Governor of the State ; in 1780 was again 
 sent to Congress ; and in 1783 was appointed Chief 
 Justice of the State ; in 1787 was a Delegate to the 
 Convention for framing the Constitution of the 
 United States, but declined taking his seat; in 1789 
 ha was a Presidential Elector ; in 1793 was again 
 Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 1795 was 
 elected to succeed James Jackson as a Senator in 
 Congress, but was superseded by J. Tatnall. He 
 died February 2, 1804. 
 
 Walton, Matthew. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1807, and 
 a Presidential Elector in 1809. Died January 18, 
 1819. 
 
 Walworth, Reuben Hi/de. — He was born at 
 Bozrah, Connecticut, in October, 1789. He spent his 
 earlier years on a farm, and had few advantages of 
 education. He commenced the study of law at the 
 age of seventeen, and when twenty was admitted to 
 practice, and when twenty-two was licensed as an 
 
 Attorney of the Supreme Court of New York. He 
 settled at Plattsburg in 1811, and held successively 
 the offices of Master in Chancery, officer of militia 
 during the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, and Adjutant 
 General of the combined forces, having ag such par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Beekmanstown and Pike's 
 Cantonment. He was a member of the House during 
 the Seventeenth Congress, declined a re-election, 
 and was appointed a Circuit Judge in 1823 ; and in 
 1828 he was made Chancellor of the State of New 
 York, which he held for twenty years, when the 
 office was abolished. His opinions as Chancellor 
 were published in fourteen volumes, while his other 
 opinions occupy as many more. From Yale College 
 be received the degree of LL.D. Died in Saratoga, 
 November 28, 1867. 
 
 Ward, Aaron. — He was born at Sing Sing, 
 New York, July 5, 1790 ; was educated at Mount 
 Pleasant .\cademy, and adopted the profession of law. 
 He served, in 1814, in the regular army as a Captain; 
 was, for a time after the war, District Attorney for 
 the County of Westchester, and subsequently at- 
 tained the position of Major-General of the New York 
 Militia. His terms of service as a Representative in 
 Congress were from 1825 to 1829, from 1831 to 1837, 
 and from 1841 to 1843. In 1846 he was a Delegate 
 to the "State Constitutional Convention ;" in 1853 
 he visited Europe, where he spent two years ; and on 
 his return he published a book of travels. While in 
 Congress, and after his retirement, he did all in 
 his power to secure a good education for the children 
 of soldiers. Died in Georgetown, District of Colum- 
 bia, March 2, 1867. 
 
 Ward, Artentas. — Born in Massachusetts, and 
 graduated at Harvard College in 1748. He was a 
 Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature ; 
 and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the 
 County of Worcester. June 17, 1775, he was appoint- 
 ed Major-General of the American Army, and was 
 intrusted with tlie command of the right wing of the 
 troops stationed at Roxbury for the siege of Boston. 
 He was a Delegate to the Provincial Congress, and 
 a Representative in the United States Congress from 
 Massachusetts from 1791 to 1795. He was much es- 
 teemed by Washington, and although he resigned his 
 commission in April, 1776, yet, at the request of the 
 Commander-in-Chief he continued some time longer 
 in the service. He was a man of exemplary piety 
 and incorruptible integrity. After a long and pa- 
 tient endurance of many sufferings, he died at Shrew- 
 bury, Massachusetts, October 28, 1800, aged seventy- 
 three years. 
 
 Ward, Artemas, — He was a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, and born January 9, 1762 ; graduated at Har- 
 vard University in 1783 ; he studied law and was ad- 
 mitted to practice, and soon became eminent in bis 
 profession. He was elected a Represenative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817 ; in 1821 
 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas, which office he held for nineteen years. 
 He died in Boston, October 7, 1847. He was honored 
 with the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University. 
 Son of the above. 
 
 Ward, A, H, — He was elected a Representative 
 from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress for the 
 unexpired term of G, C. Smith, resigned, serving on 
 the Committees on Mileage and the Militia. 
 
 Ward, Elijah. — He was born in Sing Sing, New 
 York, September 16, 1816 ; recei%-ed an academic ed- 
 ucation, and was bred a merchant, chiefly in the City 
 of New York, where he was President of the Mercan- 
 tile Library Assocuition in 1839 ; he studied law at 
 the University of New York, and was admitted to the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 449 
 
 bar in 1843. He was elected a Bepresentative from 
 New York to the Thirty-fiftli Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia. In 1860 
 he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and 
 in 1803 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Roads and Canals, and on Commerce. 
 He was for several years Judge Advocate-General of 
 New York with the rank of Brigadier-General ; and 
 has always taken a special interest in the affairs of 
 the great city from which lie was re-elected to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Ward, Hamilton. — He was born in Salisbury, 
 Herkimer County, New York, July 3, 1829 ; received 
 a liberal education ; studied law and came to the bar 
 at Cooperstown in 1851, settling in the practice of 
 his profession, at Belmont, Alleghany County ; in 
 1856 he was elected District Attorney for said county, 
 holding the office three years, and was re-elected in 
 1862; during that year, under an appointment of the 
 Governor, he was active in raising and organizing the 
 State troops ; and in 1864 he was elected a Represen- 
 tative from New York to the Thirty ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Claims and on Ac- 
 counts. Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first 
 Congresses, serving on the Committee on the Assas- 
 sination of President Lincoln, and Chairman of the 
 Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; and he was 
 also a Delegate to the " State Republican Conven- 
 tion" of 1867. 
 
 VTard, Henry.— ^e was appointed Secretary of 
 Rhode I.sland in 1760 ; was a Supporter of the Revo- 
 lution, and a member of the Congress which met in 
 New York in 1705 ; and a member of the Committee 
 of Correspondence during the Revolution. He held 
 tlie office of Secretary from his appointment until his 
 death ; which position was held by the father and 
 two of his sons for seventy years. He died in De- 
 cember, 1797. 
 
 Ward, tTasper J). — He was elected a Represent- 
 ative to the Forty-third Congress from Illinois, and 
 five days after its adjournment was appointed Unit«d 
 States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, 
 March 9, 1875. His Committees were those on the 
 National Monument and Arkansas Affairs. 
 
 Ward, John E. — He was a citizen of Georgia, 
 and in 1858 he was appointed Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary to China, where he remained until 1800. 
 
 Ward, Jonathan. — He was a native of New 
 York, and a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 
 1817, having been a State Senator from Westchester 
 County from 1807 to 1810. 
 
 Ward, Marcus L. — He was born in Newark, 
 New Jersey, November 9, 1812 ; received a good edu- 
 cation ; engaged in manufacturing pursuits ; was a 
 Delegate to the Republican Convention at Chicago 
 in 1860, and to the Baltimore Convention in 1864; an 
 Elector on the Lincoln and Johnson ticket ; elected 
 Governor of New Jersey, in 1865, for the term of 
 three years ; was a member of the National Republi- 
 can Committee, and its Chairman ; and elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs. In December, 1875, he was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but declined 
 the office. 
 
 Ward, Matthias.— He was born in Elbert 
 County, Georgia, but grew up to manhood in Madi- 
 son County, Alabama, He received an academic edu- 
 cation ; was a schoolteacher for two years ; studied 
 law and became a citizen of the Republic of Texas in 
 1836. He served a number of years in the Congress 
 of that Republic, and when it became a State was 
 29 
 
 elected to the Legislature as a Senator. He was a 
 member of the two conventions which nominated Mr. 
 Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the office of President ; 
 in 1856 he was chosen President of the State Demo- 
 cratic Convention held at Austin ; and in 1858 was 
 appointed a Senator in Congress from Texas for the 
 term ending in 1863. Died at Raleigh, North Caro- 
 lina, October 13, 1861. 
 
 Ward, Samuel. — Born in Newport, Rhode Is- 
 land, May 27, 1725 ; was brought up a fanner, and 
 settled in Westerly, Rhode Island ; was a member of 
 the General Assembly from 1756 to 1759; Chief Jus- 
 tice in 1761 ; and Governor in 1702, and from 1765 to 
 1767 ; was one of the originators of Rhode Island Col- 
 lege, now known as Brown University; was an active 
 patriot ; Chairman of tlie Westerly Committee of 
 Correspondence ; was a Delegate to the Continental 
 Congress from 1774 to 1770, in which he usually pre- 
 sided when in Committee of the Whole, and was a 
 member of important committees. He died in Phila- 
 delphia, March 25, 1776, while attending a session of 
 Congress. 
 
 Ward, Thomas. — Was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Jersey from 1813 to 1817. He 
 died at Newark, New Jersey, February 4, 1843, aged 
 eighty-three. 
 
 Ward, William T. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Warden, Daniel. — Was born in Bristol, Rhode 
 Island, in 1791, his father having fought in the Rev- 
 olution ; graduated at Brown University in 1811; 
 soon afterwards removed to Rome, New Y'ork, where 
 he studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; was 
 four times elected to the Legislature of his adopted 
 State ; was for several years Judge of a County 
 Court ; and he was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Ware, Ashur. — Born in Shelburne, Massachu- 
 setts, February 10, 1782 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1804; was tutor in that institution i 
 from 1807 to 1811 ; professor of Greek from 1811 to> 
 1815 ; Attorney at Law in Boston in 1816, and editor, 
 of the Boston Yankee ; removed to Portland in 1817, 
 and was Judge of the United States District Court' 
 of Maine from 1822 to 1860 ; was first Secretary of-' 
 State for Maine in 1820 ; published Reports of Cases- 
 in United States District Court of Maine, from 1823 to ■ 
 1839; also wrote several legal essays and orations;, 
 received the degree of LL. D. from Bowdoin College 
 in 1837. 
 
 Ware, Nicholas. — He was a Senator in Con" 
 gress from Georgia from 1821 to the time of' his- 
 death, which occurred in New York City, Septe.mber. 
 7, 1824. 
 
 Warfield, Henry H. — Was born in Anne 
 Arundel County, Maryland ; and was a, Representa- 
 tive in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1835. 
 On the morning of March 18, 1839, he was found 
 dead in his bed at Frederick, Maryland. 
 
 Warmouth, JTenry C. — He was Gavsmor of 
 Louisiana from 1868 to 1872. 
 
 Wai'ner, Si ram. — Born in Hampshire. County, 
 Massachusetts, October 29, 1803 ; he received a good 
 common-school education, with s^^-me knowledge of 
 the classics, and emigrated to Georgia at the age of 
 seventeen, and there taught school for three years ; 
 with his earnings he was enabled to study the pro- 
 
450 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 fpssion of law, and was admitted to practice in 1825, 
 and opened an office at Knoxville, in Crawford 
 County. From 1838 to 1831 be was a Representa- 
 tive to tlie General Assembly, and declined a re-elec- 
 tion. In 1833 he was elected by the Legislature one 
 of the J udges of the Superior Courts of the State, 
 and was reappointed in 1836, holding the office until 
 1340. From that time till 1845 he was engaged in a 
 lucrative practice, and was that year appointed one 
 of the Judges of the Supreme Court, serving for 
 eight years, and then resigned. In 1855 he was 
 elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con- 
 gress, and declined a re-election 1857. 
 
 Wai'ner, Samuel £.— Born in Wethersfield, 
 Connecticut, in 1829 ; received an academical educa- 
 tion and settled in Middletown ; prepared himself 
 for the legal profession by a course of study at tlie 
 Yale and Harvard law schools, coming to the bar in 
 1853 ; in the latter part of that year he was appoint- 
 ed Executive Secretary of State ; in 1857 he was a 
 member of the Connecticut Legislature ; in 1861 he 
 was elected Mayor of Middletown, and re-elected 
 until 1865, when he was elected a Representative 
 from Connecticut to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures, and 
 Expenditures in the Navy Department. Prior to 
 1861 he was identified with the Democratic party, and 
 was a Delegate to and a Secretary of the " Baltimore 
 Convention " of 1860. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Warner, WiUard. — Born in Granville, Ohio, 
 September 4, 1826 ; graduated at Marietta College in 
 1845 ; entered the volunteer army in 1861 as a Major; 
 served on the staff of General Sherman during the 
 Atlanta Campaign ; was a|)pointed in 1864 Colonel of 
 the one hundred and eightieth Ohio Volunteers ; pro- 
 moted to the rank of Major-General by brevet, for 
 "gallant and meritorious services;" was mustered 
 out of service in 1865 ; subsequently served two years 
 in the Ohio Senate ; and was chosen a Senator in 
 Congress from Alabama, for the term ending in 1871, 
 serving on the Committees on Finance and Public 
 Lands. 
 
 Warren, Cornelius. — Born in Putnam County, 
 New York, in 1790, and died at Cold Spring, July 28, 
 1849. He was a member of Congress from New York 
 from 1847 until his death. 
 
 Warren, Edward A. — Born in Greene County, 
 Alabama, May 2, 1818 ; received a liberal education, 
 and studied the profession of law. He served in the 
 Mississippi Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and in the 
 Legislature of Arkansas, in 1848 and 1849 as Speaker 
 of the House. In 1850 he was elected State's Attorney 
 for the Sixth Judicial District of Arkansas ; and was 
 a Representative from that State in the Thirty-third 
 Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth. He 
 was a member of the Committees on the Militia, and 
 Railroads and Canals. Died in Nevada, Arkansas, 
 July 2, 1875. 
 
 Warren, Fifz Heiirt/. — He was a citizen of 
 Iowa, well-educated and paid some attention to poli- 
 tics ; in 1851 he was appointed Second Assistant Post- 
 master-General, in which office he remained about one 
 year ; was frequently a Presidential Elector ; and in 
 1865 he was appointed Minister Resident to Guate- 
 mala, where he remained until 1869, after which he 
 returned to the United States, and resumed his inter- 
 est in politics. 
 
 Warren, Joseph lif, — He was born in Troy, 
 New York, in 1813 ; graduated at Washington Col- 
 lege, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1834 ; was a manufac- 
 turer and merchant ; elected Mayor of Troy in 1852 ; 
 
 and elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Patents. 
 
 Warren, Loft. — Both in Burke County, Georgia, 
 October 30, 1797 ; commenced life as clerk in a store; 
 served in the Seminole War as a Second Lieutenant 
 of Militia in 1818 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1821 ; in 1823 lie was elected a Major of 
 Battalion ; in 1824 went to the State Legislature ; in 
 1825 was appointed Solicitor-General to fill a vacancy; 
 in 1830 he was sent to the State Senate ; in 1831 again 
 elected to the lower house ; and he was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from 1839 to 1843. He was subse- 
 quently devoted to the profession of law. 
 
 Warren, W. L. F. — He was born in 1793 ; re- 
 ceived a liberal education ; studied law, and practiced 
 with great success at Saratoga and vicinity of New 
 York ; held a number of judicial positions under the 
 laws of the State, for nearly thirty years. He died at 
 Saratoga, May 23, 1875. 
 
 Warren, W. W. — Born at Brighton, Massachu- 
 setts, February 27, 1834 ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1854 ; studied three years in the Law School, 
 and admitted to practice in 1857 ; succeeded his father 
 as Town Clerk in 1856, and held the office ten years, 
 when he resigned ; was appointed Assessor of Internal 
 Revenue by President Johnson, and held the office 
 four months. In 1870 he was a member of the State 
 Senate ; received several nominations to important 
 offices, but declined ; was an active mover in city im- 
 provements, and was instrumental in the formation 
 of the abattoir in Boston ; was elected a Representa- 
 tive to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Washhiirn, Cadivalader C. — Born in the 
 town of Livermore, Maine, April 22, 1818 ; he was a 
 lawj'er by profession ; removed to Wisconsin, and 
 was elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Thirty-fourth and Thirty -fifth Congresses. He was a 
 member of the Committees on Private Land Claims 
 and Expenditures on the Public Buildings ; he was 
 re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims 
 and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty- 
 three ; he was also a Delegate to the "Peace Con- 
 gress " of 1861. In November, 1862, he was appointed 
 by President Lincoln a Major-General in the Union 
 Array. He was a Delegate to the " Soldiers' Conven- 
 tion " held in Pittsburg in 1866. Re-elected to the 
 Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and was placed on 
 the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Expenditures on 
 the Public Buildings, and Appropriations. 
 
 Washburn, Charles A. — He was a citizen of 
 California ; in 1861 he was appointed a Commissioner 
 to Paraguay ; Minister Resident to the same post in 
 1863 ; and returned to the United States in 1868. 
 
 Wasliburn, Eniori/. — Born at Leicester, Mas- 
 sachusetts, February 14, 1800; graduated at Williams 
 College in 1817 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1821 ; practiced in Leicester from 1821 to 
 1838 ; and at Worcester from 1828 to 1856 ; was a 
 member of the General Court from 1825 to 1837, and 
 in 1838 ; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
 from 1844 to 1847 ; Governor of Massachusetts in 
 1854 and 1855 ; Professor in the Cambridge Law 
 School since 1855. He published two local histories 
 of Leicester, including events of the Revolution ; 
 " Sketches of the Judicial History of Massachusetts," 
 and his most important work is " A Treatise on the 
 American Law of Real Property," he also published 
 several addresses and legal papers. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Academy of Arts and Sciences ; the Anti- 
 quity Society of Worcester ; the New England His- 
 torical Genealogical Society, and the Massachusetts 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALi 
 
 451 
 
 Historical Society ; received the degree of LL.D. 
 from Harvard University and Williams College in 
 1854. 
 
 Wfishbiiftt, Henry D. — He was bom in Wind- 
 sor County, Vermont, March 28, 1833 ; and during 
 that year was removed by his father to Ohio ; was 
 early apprenticed to the trade of a tanner, but not 
 liking the business he became a school-teacher, which 
 occupation he followed until his twentieth year; stud- 
 ied law, aiiij graduated at the New Yorli State and 
 National Law School in 1853. He subsequently set- 
 tled in Indiana, and in 1854 he was appointed Auditor 
 of Vermillion County ; elected to the same position 
 in 1856, serving as such until 1861 ; in July of that 
 year he raised a company for service in the war ; was 
 promoted to the command as Colonel of the Eighteenth 
 Indiana Volunteers in 1863 ; and in 1864 he was bre- 
 vetted a Brigadier-General, and was mustered out of 
 the service in 1865 ; and was elected a Representa- 
 tive from Indiana to the Thiriy-ninth Congress, hav- 
 ing successfully contested the seat claimed by D. W. 
 Vorhees, serving on the Committees on Claims and 
 Southern Railroads ; he was a Delegate to the Pitts- 
 burg " Soldiers' Convention" of 1866; and re-elected 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on Retrenchment, Military Affairs, the Niagara Ship 
 Canal, and as Chainnan of the Committee on Soldiers' 
 and Sailors' Bounties. In April, 18G9, he was ap- 
 pointed Surveyor-General of Montana. 
 
 Washburn, Israel, Jr. — Bom June 6, 1813, 
 at Livermore, County of Oxford (now Androscoggin), 
 Maine. He received a classical education ; studied 
 law, and in October, 1834, was admitted to the bar ; 
 he commenced the practice of law in Orono, Penob- 
 scot County, December, 1834, where he has since re- 
 sided. He was a member of the Legislature in 1843, 
 and elected to the Federal House of Representatives 
 from Maine for the Thirtv-second, Thirty-third, 
 Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, "and Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gresses, serving in the latter Congress as a member 
 of the Committee on Ways and Means. In 1800 he 
 was elected Governor of Maine, and in 1883 he was 
 appointed by President Lincoln Collector of Portland. 
 
 Washburn, Peter Thacher. — Bom in Lynn, 
 
 Massachusetts, September 7, 1814 ; graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 1835 ; studied at the Cambridge 
 Law School ; practiced at Ludlow, Vermont, from 
 1839 to 1854, afterward at Woodstock ; he was re- 
 porter of Vermont Supreme Court for eight years ; 
 Adjutant and Inspector-General for Vermont from 
 1861 to 1866 ; and Governor of the State from 1869 
 to his death, which occurred February 7, 1870. He 
 was the author of many legal reports and digests. 
 
 Washburn, William B. — He was bom in 
 
 Winchendon, Massachusetts, January 31, 1820 ; grad- 
 uated at Yale College in 1844 ; has always been en- 
 gaged in the manufacturing business ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Senate in 1850, and of the lower 
 house in 1854 ; was subsequently President of the 
 Greenfield Bank ; and was elected a Representative 
 from Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and 
 Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and 
 Revolutionary Pensions. He was a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and 
 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. He contin)ied 
 to serve in the House of Representatives until 1873, 
 when he resigned ; was Governor of Massachusetts 
 in 1873 and 1873, and again resigned, and was elected 
 a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of 
 Charier Sumner, and continued in the Senate until 
 1875, serving on important committees. 
 
 Washburue, ElUliu H. — Bom in Livermore, 
 Oxford County, Maine, September 23, 1816 ; served 
 an apprenticeship in the printing-office of the Kenne- 
 bec Journal ; studied law at Harvard University, and 
 removing to the West, practiced at Galena, Illinois ; 
 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-third 
 Congress from that State, and re-elected to the 'I'hirty- 
 fourth. Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, 
 serving on two occasions as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Commerce. He was also elected to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Commerce, and re-elected to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving again as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Commerce, as a member of the 
 Joint Committee on the Library, and also as Chairman 
 of the Special Committee on Immigration. On ac- 
 count of his having served continuously for a longer 
 period than any other member of the Thirty-eiglith 
 Congress, usage awarded him the title of " Father of 
 the House." He was the author, among many others, 
 of the bill reviving the office of Lieutenant-General, 
 which was conferred on General Grant. Re-elected 
 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, again serving at the 
 head of the Committee on Commerce, and as Chair- 
 man of the Special Committee on the Death of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, and as a member of those on the Rules, 
 Reconstruction, Air-line Railroad to New York, and 
 as Chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate 
 the Memphis Riots. Two of his brothers also served 
 in Congress, namely, Israel, Jr., and Cadwalader C. 
 Washburn, who wrote their names without the e. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress and was made, 
 in 1869, Minister to France. 
 
 Wa shinfffoti , Hu sh ro<l.—^e was born in West- 
 moreland County, Virginia, June 5, 1762 ; graduated 
 at William and Slary College in 1778 ; studied law, 
 and was successful in the profession ; served as a 
 soldier in the Revolution ; as a member of the Vir- 
 ginia House of Delegates ; was a member of the Con- 
 vention to ratify the Federal Constitution ; and he 
 resided both in Alexandria and Richmond. He was 
 the first President of the Colonization Society ; and 
 in 1798 he was appointed by President Adams a Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of the United States ; he 
 published two volumes of Reports of the Court of 
 Ajjpeals of Virginia, and four volumes of Reports of 
 the Third Circuit of the United States Court. He 
 was a favorite with his uncle, the first President ; 
 and he died in Philadelphia, November 26, 1829 ; he 
 was a devisee of Moimt Vernon, and a man of ability 
 and high character. 
 
 Washington, George. — He was born at Bridge's 
 Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, February 23, 
 1733, and was descended from a family distinguished 
 for its respectability and virtue. At the age of ten 
 years he lost his father ; was educated in English 
 literature and the general principles of science by a 
 private tutor ; and adopted the profession of a sur- 
 veyor. When nineteen years of age, he was appointed 
 an Adjutant, with the rank of Major ; in 1758 he was 
 employed by Dinwiddle on a mission to the French 
 Army "in the valley of the Ohio, and made treaties 
 with the Indians ; he served as an Aid-de-camp under 
 Braddock, and, on the fall of that General, displayed 
 great ability in saving the army ; in 1758 he per- 
 formed an expedition to Fort du Qnesne ; after which, 
 with the rank of Colonel, he retired to the paternal 
 estate of Mount Vernon and dovoted himself to agri- 
 culture. He cultivated nine thousand acres of land ; 
 employed about athousand persons, slaves and others, 
 on his estate, whom he clothed with cloths made un- 
 der his own superintendence ; and it is said that 
 seven thousand bushels of wheat and ten thousand 
 bushels of corn was not an uncommon crop for him 
 to raise on his plantation. He frequently served in 
 the Legislature of Virginia ; was a Delegate to the 
 
453 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Continental Congress in 1774 and the early part of 
 
 1775 ; and on the brealiing out of the war he was 
 called to the chief command of the Provincial troops, 
 and the record of his services is a history of the war. 
 He joined the army at Cambridge in July, 1775 ; in 
 
 1776 he fought the battles of Long Island, White 
 Plains, Trenton, and Princeton ; in 1777 those of 
 Brandywine and Germantown ; in 1778 that of Mon- 
 mouth ; and in 1781 he captured Cornwallis at York- 
 town, and thereby virtually closed the war. When 
 the treaty of peace was signed, he resigned his com- 
 mission, and, universally beloved, retired to private 
 life. He was elected the first President of the United 
 States, and, after having been re-elected and serving 
 out his second term, he again retired to private life. 
 In 1798 he was induced again to accept the command 
 of the army, but it was merely to concentrate the 
 efforts of his fellow-citizens for the promotion of the 
 general good, and was another sacrifice to his high 
 sense of duty. He died at Mount Vernon, after a 
 short illness of quinsy sore throat, December 14, 
 1799 ; was buried at that place with the honors due 
 to the noble champion of the liberties of a happy and 
 prosperous republic. The character of Washington 
 stands alone among the great men of the world, as a 
 pure man, a patriot, a wise statesman, a citizen, a 
 ruler, a huslSandman, a general, and a Christian. 
 His life has been written and commented upon by 
 hundreds of writers, and perhaps the most popular 
 biographies of him were puljlished by John Marshall, 
 Washington Irving, David Ramsay, and Aaron Ban- 
 croft ; and a copious selection from his manuscripts 
 was edited by Jared Sparks, and published in twelve 
 volumes. His home at Mount Vernon is, to lovers of 
 liberty and true greatness, a kind of Mecca ; and, as 
 the "Father of his Country," his memory will be. 
 venerated as long as the republic endures. 
 
 Washivgton, George C. — Bom in Westmore- 
 land County, Virginia, August 20, 1789, and died in 
 Georgetown, District of Columbia, July 17, 1854. He 
 was educated at Camljridge, and became a lawyer by 
 profession, though partial to the pursuit of agricul- 
 ture. At the time of his death, he was the oldest and 
 nearest surviving male relative of his grand-uncle. 
 General Washington. He represented Maryland in 
 Congress from 1827 to 1833, and from 1835 "to 1887; 
 he was also a President of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
 Canal, and a Commissioner for the settlement of In- 
 dian Claims. When General Scott was nominated 
 for the Presidency, Mr. Washington was spoken of as 
 the candidate for Vice-President. 
 
 Washiugton, Peter G, — He was a native of 
 Virginia ; early became a clerk in one of the Depart- 
 ments of the Government ; in 1845 he was appointed 
 Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in that 
 position until 1849 ; and in 1853 he was appointed 
 Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Department, re- 
 maining in that capacity until 1857 ; after which he 
 devoted himself to the prosecution of claims in Wash- 
 ington City, until his death. 
 
 Washington, Vltliain H, — Born in North 
 Carolina ; graduated at Tale College in 1834, and was 
 a lawyer by profession. He was in Congress from 
 1841 to 1843, and subsequently five or six years in the 
 State Legislature. Died August 13, 1800, aged forty- 
 six years. 
 
 Watkins, Albert G. — He was born in Jefferson 
 County, Tennessee, May 5, 1818 ; was educated at 
 Holston College, Tennessee ; adopted the profession 
 of law ; was elected to the Legislature from his native 
 county in 1845 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; 
 and was first elected a Representative in Congress in 
 1849, and re-elected to each succeeding Congress, ex- 
 cepting the Thirty-third, when he declined the nom- 
 
 ination. He was a member of the Committees on 
 Manufactures, and on the Militia. 
 
 IVathins, Tobias. — He was bom in Maryland, 
 and in 1825 was appointed Fourth Auditor of the 
 Treasury, which office he held until 1830. 
 
 TJ'atinough, John G. — He was born on the 
 banks of the Brandywine, Delaware, December 6, 
 1793, and educated at the University of Pennsylvania 
 and Princeton. He served in the war of 1812, as a 
 Lieutenant in the Second Artillery, and, while doing 
 service on the frontiers, in 1813 and 1814, was wound- 
 ed by receiving in his body three musket-balls, the 
 last of which was extracted in 1835 ; he resigned his 
 commission in 1816, and was elected a Representative 
 in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1831, where he re- 
 mained four years, during the whole of which period 
 his wounds were open and constantly giving him 
 pain. His other public positions were those of Aide- 
 de-camp to General Gaines, at New Orleans and in 
 the Creek Nation in 1814 and 1815 ; High Sheriff of 
 Philadelphia City and County in 1835 ; and Surveyor 
 of that port in 1841. During the latter part of his 
 life he lived in retirement, and died at Philadelphia, 
 November 29, 1861. 
 
 Wafrous, John C. — He was born in Colchester, 
 Connecticut, in 1806 ; graduated at Union College 
 in 1828 ; studied law, and practiced, for a time, 
 in Tennessee and Alabama ; removed to Texas 
 in 1843 ; was Attorney -General of the Republic of 
 Texas ; when it became a State he was made Judge 
 of the United States Court for the Eastern District of 
 the State, serving, as such, until 1869, when he re- 
 signed on account of his health. An effort was made 
 by his enemies to have him impeached, but it was 
 unsuccessful. He subsequently settled in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, where he died June 17, 1874. 
 
 Watson, Cooper K. — He was bom in Ohio, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1855 to 1857. 
 
 IVatson, James, — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from New York from 1798 to 1800, when he resigned ; 
 had previously been a member of the Assembly of 
 New York during the years 1791, 1794, 1795 and 1796 ; 
 was State Senator in 1797. 
 
 Watson, P. H. — He was bom in England, and 
 appointed, from the District of Columbia, Assistant- 
 Secretary of War in 1862, and served in that capacity 
 for more than one year. 
 
 Watterson, Harreg M. — He was bom in Ten- 
 nessee, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1839 to 1843. Subsequently settled in 
 Washington City as a lawyer. 
 
 Wattersfon, George. — He was one of the earli- 
 est citizens of Washington City ; a man of culture and 
 uncommon intelligence ; and Librarian of Congress 
 from 1835 to 1829. Between the years 1817 and 1848 
 he published the following useful books, viz. : "Me- 
 moir on the Tobacco Plant," " Letters from Washing- 
 ton," " Course of Study for Bar and Senate," " Wan- 
 derer in Washington," " Man as he Ought to be," 
 "Views of Population," "American Portraits," and 
 " Guide to Washington." 
 
 Watts, Beaufort T.— He was a citizen of South 
 Carolina ; in 1824 he was appointed Secretary of Le- 
 gation to Colombia ; in 1827 Charge d'Affaires at the 
 same place ; and in 1828 he went to Russia as Secre- 
 tary of Legation. 
 
 Watts, Frederick.— Ue was born in Carlisle, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 453 
 
 Pennsylvania, May 9, 1801 ; graduated at Dickinson 
 College in 1819 ; spent a part of his boyhood on a 
 farm ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1834 ; in 
 1831 he was appointed Reporter for the Supreme 
 Court, holding the office fourteen years, and publish- 
 ing twenty volumes ; in 1845 he was elected President 
 of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and held the po- 
 sition twenty-sis years ; in 1849 appointed President- 
 Judge of the Ninth District ; in 1854 was one of the 
 projectors of the Agricultural College of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and chosen President of the Board of Trustees ; 
 took an interest in all the local enterprises of Carlisle ; 
 and after retiring to private life, for the purpose of 
 enjoying his farm, he was in 1871 appointed Commis- 
 sioner of Agriculture in Washington, where he still 
 continues. 
 
 Waffs, Henry M, — Born in Carlisle, Pennsyl- 
 vania, October 10, 1805 ; graduated at Dickinson Col- 
 lege ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827, locat- 
 ing in Pittsburg ; was appointed Deputy Attorney- 
 General ; in the State Legislature from 1835 to 1838 ; 
 settled in Philadelphia, and was appointed United 
 States Attorney for the District of Philadelphia ; vis- 
 ited Europe a number of times for pleasure ; and in 
 1868 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary to Austria. 
 
 Wntfs, tTohn. — He was born in New York in 1749, 
 and died in New York City, September 3, 1836. He 
 was a member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. 
 
 Wafts, rTohti. S. — Bom in Boone County, Ken- 
 tucky, January 19, 1816 ; graduated at the University 
 of Indiana ; studied law, and practiced the profession 
 in Indiana ; served in the Legislature of that State ; 
 was twice elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; in 1851 he 
 was appointed by President Fillmore an Associate- 
 Justice in New Mexico ; subsequently practiced his 
 profession in that Territory ; was elected a Delegate 
 from New Mexico to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; 
 took an active part in raising troops for the Union ar- 
 my during the Rebellion ; and in 1868 he was ap- 
 pointed by President Johnson Chief-Justice of the 
 Supreme Court in New Mexico. 
 
 Wfttfs, Thomas H. — He was Governor of Ala- 
 bama from 1863 to 1868. 
 
 Wa i/iie, A II thou i/. — Bom in East Town, Chester 
 County, Pennsylvania, in 1746. In 1773 he was elected 
 a Representative in the General Assembly, where he 
 took an active part against the claims of Great Britain. 
 In 1775 he entered the army as Colonel, and in the 
 battle at the Three Rivers, in June, 1776, received a 
 wound in the leg, and at the close of the campaign he 
 was made a Brigadier-General. In the battles of 
 Braudywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, and es- 
 pecially at Stony Point, he greatly distinguished him- 
 self, in the latter assault receiving a severe wound in 
 the head. In 1781 he led the Pennsylvania line to 
 form a junction ^vith Lafayette in Virginia, and en- 
 gaged in the capture of Cornwallis ; after which he 
 conducted the war in Georgia with equal success, re- 
 ceiving from the Legislature of that State a valuable 
 farm as a reward for his services, upon which he re- 
 tired after the war. In 1787 he was a member of the 
 Convention for framing the Constitution, and served 
 as a Representative in Congress from Georgia in 1791, 
 but his seat was successfully contested by James 
 Ja<!kson, and was vacated by a resolution of the 
 House. In 1793 he was again called into military ser- 
 vice, and succeeded St. Clair in the command of the 
 army against the Indians, gaining a complete victory 
 over them in 1794, at the battle of the Miami ; he 
 concluded a treaty, August 3, 1795, with the hostile 
 tribes north-west of the Ohio. While in the service 
 of his country, having attained the rank of Major- 
 
 General, he died in a hut at Presque Isle, and was 
 buried on the shore of Lake Erie, in December, 1796, 
 but in 1809 his remains were removed to his native 
 county. 
 
 Wayne, Isaac. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1825. 
 
 Wayne. .Tames 31. — He was born in Savannah, 
 Georgia, in 1790. Having obtained an excellent pre- 
 liminary education under the instruction of a private 
 tutor, he entered Nassau Hall (now Princeton College), 
 where he counted among his fellow-students some of 
 the leading men of the present day. On his return 
 home at the close of his collegiate course, he com- 
 menced the study of law in Savannah ; but, his father 
 having died a few months afterwards, he left, by the 
 advice of his friends, to prosecute his studies at the 
 North. On his second return home he commenced 
 the practice of his profession, and took much interest 
 in politics. After three or four years he was elected 
 a member of the General Assembly as an opponent of 
 the "Relief Law," which had created much feeling 
 throughout the State. He was re-elected the follow- 
 ing year, but declined being a candidate the third 
 time. He was nest Mayor of the city. On his resig- 
 nation of that office he was chosen Judge of the Supe- 
 rior Court, and served five years and a half. He was 
 then elected a member of Congress in the session of 
 1829 and 1830, and served until 1835. He took a 
 prominent position in the House as a debater, and also 
 proved himself a good business member on various 
 Committees. He was a supporter of President Jack- 
 son, by whom he was appointed to a scat on the bench 
 of the United States Supreme Court in 1835. He 
 proved himself a sound and accomplished jurist, and 
 especially devoted his attention to the subject of Ad- 
 miralty jurisprudence, and his opinion on points con- 
 nected with that subject are everywhere cited as high 
 authority. In 1865 and 1866, by invitation of the fac- 
 ulty, he delivered an occasional lecture before the 
 law students of Columbia College. Died in Washing- 
 ton, July 5, 1867. 
 
 Weahley, Hoberf, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1809 to 1811, and in 
 1819 was appointed United States Commissioner to 
 treat with the Chickasaws. 
 
 If'ebb, .Ja ines.—BoTn in Virginia ; studied law, 
 and removed to Georgia to practice ; was Judge of the 
 Superior Court ; was United States District Judge iu 
 the Territory of Florida, but resigned and removed to 
 Texas in 1839 ; was Attorney-General of the State and 
 Secretary of State ; served one term in the Senate, 
 and, after Texas became a State, was Reporter of the 
 decisions of the Supreme Court of the State, Secretary 
 of State, and Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial Dis- 
 trict, which position he held at the time of his death ; 
 was the author of "Reports of the Supreme Court of 
 Texas," from 1846 to 1848. Died at Goliad, Texas, 
 November 2, 1856. 
 
 Webb, (Tallies Watson. — Born at Claverack, 
 New York, February 8, 1802 ; entered the army as 
 Second Lieutenant in 1819 ; was made First Lieuten- 
 ant in 1823 ; resigned in 1837, and took charge of the 
 Jfeto York Courier, which was united to the Enqidrer 
 under the name of Morning Courier and New York 
 Enquirer, and became sole editor, and, in 1830, sole 
 proprietor. He was appointed Charge d'Affaires to 
 Vienna in 1850, but the Senate did not confirm the 
 nomination. In 1861 was Minister to Brazil ; while in 
 this position he secured the settlement of long-stand- 
 ing claims against Brazil, and was instrumental, 
 through his intimacy with Napoleon III., in procuring 
 the withdrawal of the French from Mexico. He was 
 the editor of " Altowan, or Adventures in the Rocky 
 
45-t 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 Mountains," 3 vols. 8vo., 1846 ; " Slavery and its Ten- 
 dencies," 8vo., 1856. 
 
 Webster, Daniel. — Born in the town of Salis- 
 bury, New Hampshire, January 18, 1782. His oppor- 
 tuuities for education were very deficient, and he was 
 indebted for his earliest instruction to his mother. 
 For a few months only, in 1796, he enjoyed the advan- 
 tages of Phillips' Exeter Academy ; here his education 
 for college commenced, and it was completed at Bos- 
 cawen. He entered Dartmouth College in 1797, and 
 graduated in 1801. Soon after he engaged in profes- 
 sional studies, first in his native village, and after- 
 wards at Fryeburg in Maine, where, at the same time, 
 he had the charge of an academy, and was also a 
 copyist in the office of the Register of Deeds. Hav- 
 ing completed his legal studies, he was admitted to 
 the bar of Suffolk, Massachusetts, in the year 1805. 
 He commenced the practice of law in his native State 
 and county ; in 1807 he removed to Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, and soon became engaged in a respect- 
 able but not lucrative practice. In 1813 he was 
 chosen a Representative in Congress from New Hamp- 
 shire, and was re-elected. He removed to Boston in 
 1816, and was placed at once beside the leaders of the 
 Massachusetts bar, having already appeared before 
 the Supreme Court of the United States at Washing- 
 ton. By his argument, in the Dartmouth College 
 case, carried by appeal to Washington, in 1817, he 
 took rank among the most distinguished jurists In the 
 country. In 1820 he was chosen a member of the 
 Convention for revising the Constitution of Massa- 
 chusetts. He was offered, about this time, a nomina- 
 tion as a Senator of the United States, but declined. 
 In 1823 he was elected a Representative in Congress 
 from the City of Boston ; he took his seat in Decem- 
 ber, 1823, and early in the session made his celebrated 
 speech on the Greek Revolution, which at once estab- 
 lished his reputation as one of the first statesmen of 
 the age, and he was re-elected. In 1826 he was again 
 elected, and, under the Presidency of John Quincy 
 Adams, he was the leader of the friends of the ad- 
 ministration, first in the House of Representatives, and 
 afterwards in the Senate, to which he was elected in 
 1827. His speech on the Panama Mission was made 
 in the first session of the Nineteenth Congress. When 
 the tariff law of 1824 was brought forward, he spoke 
 against it on the ground of expediency. He remained 
 in the Senate for a period of twelve years. In 1830 
 he made what is generally regarded the ablest of his 
 parliamentary efforts — his second speech in reply to 
 Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina. Mr. Webster, 
 although opposed to the administration of General 
 Jackson, gave it a cordial support in its measures for 
 the defense of the Union in 1832 and 1833, but op- 
 posed its financial system. In 1839 he made a short 
 visit to Europe. His fame had preceded him, and he 
 was received, in the Old World, with the attention 
 due to his character and talents, at the French and 
 English Courts. On the accession of President Har- 
 rison, he was appointed Secretary of State, and was 
 continued in this otBce by President Tyler. Presi- 
 dent Tyler's cabinet was broken up in 1842, but Mr. 
 Webster remained in office till the spring of 1843, 
 being desirous of putting some other matters, con- 
 nected with our foreign relations, in a prosperous 
 train. Mr. Web.ster returned to the Senate of the 
 United States in 1845, and he remained in that body 
 until 1850, when he was appointed Secretarj' of State 
 by President Fillmore. In December, 1850, the fa- 
 mous Hlilsemann letter was written. In 1851, by his 
 judicious management of the Cuba question, he ob- 
 tained from the Spanish government the pardon of the 
 followers of Lopez, who had been deported to Spain. 
 About the same time he received from the English 
 government an apology for the interference of a 
 British cruiser with an American steamer in the 
 waters of Nicaragua. This was the second time that 
 
 the British government had made a similar concession, 
 at the instance of Mr. Webster. The first was in re- 
 ference to the destruction of the Caroline at Schlosser ; 
 and it is understood that it was on the strength of a 
 private letter that he addressed to Lord Palmerston, 
 that John F. Crampton was made Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary to Washington. He paid much attention to agri- 
 culture, and his residence, when not engaged in public 
 business at Washington, was either at Marshfield, in 
 Massachusetts, or the place of his birth, in New Hamp- 
 shire. The works of Mr. Webster were published in 
 six volumes, with a biographical memoir by Edward 
 Everett. He died October 23, 1852, at Marshfield ; 
 in that year, his Private Life, by the compiler of this 
 volume, was publi.shed ; and in 1857 two volumes of 
 his Private Correspondence were published by his 
 son, Fletcher Webster, subsequently killed in battle 
 during the Rebellion. In 1869, a complete life of the 
 statesman was published by George T. Curtis, in two 
 volumes. 
 
 Webster, Edtvin H. — He was born in Hartford 
 County, Maryland, March 31, 1829 ; was educated at 
 Dickinson College, and was a member of the Mary- 
 land Senate from 1855 to 1859, serving two years as 
 the President of that body. In 1856 he was chosen a 
 Presidential Elector. His term in Congress com- 
 menced with the Thirty-sixth Congress, as a Repre- 
 sentative from JIaryland, and he was re-elected to 
 the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Claims, and on Public Expenditures. For 
 a time he rendered the State some service in a mili- 
 tary capacity, and was Colonel of a Maryland regi- 
 ment. In 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, and 
 on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress, but in July, 1865, was appointed by President 
 Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of Balti- 
 
 Webster, Taulor. — He was bom in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 
 to 1839. 
 
 Weehs, Joint W. — He was a County Sheriff, in 
 New Hampshire, from 1820 to 1825 ; a State Senator 
 in 1827 and 1828 ; a Representative in Congress from 
 New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833 ; and Judge of 
 Probate, in Coos County, in 1854. 
 
 Weeks, 'Joseph. — He was bom in Massachusetts, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from New 
 Hampshire from 1835 to 1839, having previously been 
 for two years Judge of the County Court for Cheshu-e 
 County. 
 
 Weems, John C. — He was bom in Calvert 
 County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1826 to 1829. 
 
 Weightman, SieJiard Hanson. — Born in 
 Maryland and educated at West Point ; was a Cap- 
 tain in the Missouri Battalion of Light Artillery Vol- 
 unteers in the Mexican War, and distinguished him- 
 self under Colonel Donophan in the battle of Sacra- 
 mento ; subsequently held the position of additional 
 Paymaster ; and was a Delegate to Congress from 
 New Mexico from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Weight niau. Soger C— He was bora in Alex- 
 andria, Virginia, in 1786 ; was bred a printer and 
 settled in Washington City ; was at one time em- 
 ployed as the printer for Congress ; served as an 
 officer of Cavalry in the War of 1812 ; was for many 
 years a General of Militia, and during the Rebellion 
 he had command of the troops quartered in the 
 Patent Office ; from 1834 to 1837 he was Mayor of 
 23 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL! 
 
 455 
 
 Wasliington City ; resigned to become Cashier of the 
 Banlc of VVasliingtou ; was for many years Librarian 
 of the Patent Office, and in all the positions he held, 
 acquitted himself with great credit. He died in 
 Washington City, February 2, 1876. 
 
 Weir, Robert Walter. — Born at New Rochelle. 
 New York, June 18, 1803 ; at the age of nineteen be- 
 came a painter ; after residing three years in Italy he 
 returned home in 1827, and practiced his art in New 
 York ; was Professor of Perspective in the National 
 Academy of Design from 1830 to 1834 ; and was then 
 appointed instructor of Drawing at West Point, which 
 position he still holds. Among his works are the 
 " Embarkation of the Pilgrims," painted by order of 
 Congress, for the Rotunda of the Capitol ; and, among 
 others of superior merit from his pencil, may be men- 
 tioned the " Antiquary," and " Rebecca" from Scott, 
 " The Bourbon's Last March," " Landing of Hudson," 
 " Indian Captives," "The Greek Girl," " Faith Hold- 
 ing the Sacramental Cup," with others of like charac- 
 ter, and many landscapes. 
 
 Welch, Adoiiija S, — He was born in East 
 Hampton, Connecticut, in 1821 ; removed to Michigan 
 in 1839, and graduated at the University of that 
 State in 18*j ; studied law, but preferred teaching, 
 and had charge of a High School at Jonesville ; 
 visited California in 1849, and on his return was Prin- 
 cipal of tlie Normal School of Michigan for four 
 years ; in 1865 he removed to Florida, and in 1868 he 
 was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for 
 the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees 
 on Agriculture, and Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 
 
 Welch, John. — He was born in Jefferson County, 
 Ohio, October 28, 1805 ; was educated at Franklin 
 College, Ohio ; studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar ill 1833 ; he was a member of the State Senate of 
 Ohio in 1846 and 1847 ; and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1851 to 1853. He was subsequently one 
 of the Trustees of the Ohio University. 
 
 Welch, William JI. — He was a resident of 
 Minnesota, and in 1853 he was appointed Chief Justice 
 of the United States Court for the Territory of Min- 
 nesota. He was a native of Connecticut. 
 
 Welch, William W. — He was born in Norfolk, 
 Connecticut, December 10, 1818 ; received the rudi- 
 ments of his education at the common-schools and 
 from private instructors, and, having turned his at- 
 tention to the science of medicine, received the de- 
 gree of M.D. from the Medical Institution of Yale 
 College, in 1838 ; and, excepting when interrupted by 
 his public duties, has ever been a practicing physi- 
 cian. He has twice been elected to the House of Rep- 
 resentatives, and twice to the Senate of Connecticut ; 
 he was a Representative from that State during the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Welker, Martin, — He was born in Knox Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, April 25, 1819 ; received a good education 
 by his owTi unaided efforts, while working on a farm 
 or employed as clerk in a store ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1840 ; from 1846 to 1851 he was 
 Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for Holmes 
 County ; in 1851 he was elected a Judge of the Com- 
 mon Pleas for the Sixth District serving five years ; 
 in 1857 he removed to Wooster, Wayne County, and 
 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, declining a 
 renomination ; in 1861 he was appointed a Judge Ad 
 vocate, with the rank of Major, serving three months 
 as a Staff Officer ; was soon afterwards appointed 
 Aide-de-Camp and Acting Judge Advocate-General, 
 with the rank of Colonel, under the Governor of the 
 State, in 1862 he was an Assistant Adjutant-General, 
 and superintended the draft of the State ; and in 
 
 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to 
 the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees 
 on the District of Columbia, Revolutionary Pensions, 
 and Free Schools in the District of Columbia. He was 
 also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con- 
 vention " of 18G6 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth 
 and Forty-First Congresses, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Retrenchment. In 1873 he was ap- 
 pointed United States Judge for the Northern District 
 of Ohio. 
 
 Wellborn, M. J, — Born in Georgia, and was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 
 to 1851. 
 
 Weller, John B, — He was bom in Ohio ; was a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 
 to 1845 ; was the first United States Commissioner to 
 Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ; and, 
 having taken up his residence in California, was 
 elected to the United States Senate, in 1851, for a 
 long term ; and was subsequently elected Governor of 
 California. In December, 186U, he was api^ointed 
 Minister to Mexico ; and was a delegate to the 
 "Chicago Convention" in 1864. Died in New Or- 
 leans, August 17, 1875. 
 
 Welles, Gideon, — He was Ijorn in Glastenbury, 
 Connecticut, July 1, 1802 ; educated chiefly at the 
 Norwich University of Vermont, and studied law. 
 In 1826 he became the editor of the Ilnrlford Times ; 
 from 1827 to 1835 he was a member of the Connecti- 
 cut Legislature ; was subsequently appointed Comp- 
 troller of Public Accounts ; from 1836 to 1841 he was 
 Postmaster of Hartford, having been appointed by 
 President Jackson ; in 1843 he was made Comptroller 
 of the State ; in 1846 he took charge of a bureau in 
 the Navy Department, where he remained until 1849 ; 
 was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 
 1860, and in 1861 he went into President Lincoln's 
 Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy. For thirty years 
 before becoming Secretary, he was an occasional con- 
 tributor to the Hartford Press, the New York Even- 
 ing Post, and the Washington Olobe and Union. 
 
 Wells, Alexander, — He was bom in New York 
 State about the year 1815 ; received a good education 
 and settled as a lawyer in the City of New York ; 
 served as a member of the State Legislature ; was 
 elected a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State ; 
 removed to California about the year 1850 ; and died 
 at San Jose, California, October 30, 1854. 
 
 Wells, Alfred, — Born in Dagsborough, Sussex 
 County, Delaware, May 27, 1814 ; adopted the pro- 
 fession of law, and settled in Ithica, New York ; and 
 in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York 
 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on the Militia. He also held the 
 positions of Deputy Clerk, District Attorney, and 
 Judge of Tompkins County, New York. Died in the 
 winter of 1857. 
 
 Wells, Daniel, Jr, — He was bora in Maine ; 
 received a good English education ; removed to Wis- 
 consin in 1836 ; became extensively engaged at Mil- 
 waukee in the business of banking and lumbering ; 
 he was a Representative in Congress from Wisconsin 
 from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Wells, David A, — He was born in Springfield, 
 Massachusetts, in June, 1828 ; graduated at William's 
 College ; became an associate editor of the Springfield 
 Bepvhlican, and while there invented a machine for 
 folding books and newspapers ; subseciuently gradu- 
 ated at the Scientific School at Cambridge ; established 
 and edited for several years the Annual of Scientific 
 I Discovery ; while residing in Troy, New York, in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1804, lie came prominently before the public by means 
 of a pamphlet on " Our Burden and Our Strength," 
 which had an enormous circulation. After the war he 
 was made Chairman of a Special Commission created 
 by Congress to inquire into the resources of the coun- 
 try, and was subsequently made a Special Commis- 
 sioner of the Revenue, which ofiHce he held four 
 years, and in which capacity he inaugurated many im- 
 prorements in the Revenue Laws, and established 
 the " Bureau of Statistics." After leaving Washing- 
 ton he was appointed by the Governor of New York 
 to revise the Taxation Laws of that State, and made 
 two important reports in 1873 and 1873 ; in the for- 
 mer year he was made a lecturer at Yale College, 
 and in the latter year visited England and there pro- 
 claimed his opinions ; in 1875 he took an interest in 
 the politics of Connecticut, and was also made Presi- 
 dent of the American As.sociation of Social Science ; 
 and is a member of the French Academy. He re- 
 ceived from the University of Oxford, England, the 
 degree of D.C.L. ; and from Williams College the 
 degree of LL.D. 
 
 WcUk, Ebenezer T. — He was born in Yew York, 
 and having emigrated to Colorado, was appointed, in 
 1871, one of the Associate Justices of the United 
 States Supreme Court for the Territory of Colorado. 
 
 We/la, Erasfiis, — He was born in Jefferson 
 County, New York, December 2, 1823 ; received a 
 good education ; was compelled to rely on his own 
 exertions, and went to St. Louis ; established the 
 first omnibus line in that city, and the first street 
 railroad company ; was for fifteen years a member of 
 the City Council ; was President of the Missouri 
 Railroad Company, and a Director in several incorpor- 
 ated companies ; and was elected to the Forty-first, 
 Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Con- 
 gresses, serving on the Committees on the Pacific 
 Railroad, Navy Department, Railroads and Canals, 
 Centennial, and Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Wells, Gitilford iniei/. — He was born in 
 
 Conesus, Livingston County, New York, February 14, 
 1840 ; received a liberal education at the Genesee Col- 
 lege, but graduated at Columbian College, District ol 
 Columbia ; adopted the profession of law; entered the 
 war for the Union as a Lieutenant of Volunteers, 
 rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and was twice 
 wounded and brevetted for gallantry ou the field ; in 
 1870, he was appointed United States District Attor- 
 ney for the Northern District of Mississippi ; re-ap- 
 pointed in 1874, and before the close of the year he 
 was elected a Representative from that State to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Wells, Henvjl II. — He wasalawyer by profes- 
 . sion : Governor of Virginia from 1868 to 1871, and in 
 1875 he was appointed United States District Attor- 
 ney for the District of Columbia, in the place of 
 George P. Fisher, removed by a special vote of the 
 Cabinet. (See imiiroved notice above.) 
 
 Wells, Hezckinh G. — He was bom in Stuben- 
 ville, Ohio, in 1812 ; educated at Kenyon College ; 
 and after studying law emigrated to Kalamazoo, in 
 Michigan, In 1833 he was elected to the first Consti- 
 tutional Convention of that State ; in 1845, and for 
 five years, elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of the 
 State ; elected a member of the Constitutional Con- 
 vention of 1850 ; by his individual exertions raised a 
 regiment of Volunteers during the Rebellion ; from 
 1865 to 1875 he was President of the State Board of 
 Agriculture ; was appointed in 1873 member of a 
 Constitutional Convention of eighteen persons ; and 
 was subsequently a])pointed Presiding Judge of the 
 Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, in which 
 position he still continues. 
 
 Wells, H. H. — He was born in Rochester, New 
 York, September 17. 1823 ; educated at the Romeo 
 Academy in Jlichigan ; studied law, came to the bar 
 in Detroit, and practiced the profession there from 
 1846 to 1861 ; removed to Virginia and also practiced 
 in that State from 1865 to 1875. He was a member 
 of the Michigan Legislature from 1854 to 1856 ; served 
 in the war for the Union from that State and became 
 a Brigadier-General by brevet but resigned ; was mili- 
 tary Governor of Virginia in 1868 and 1869 and re- 
 signed ; was United States Attorney for the District 
 of Virginia from 1869 to 1872, when he resigned ; and 
 in September, 1875, he entered upon the duties of 
 United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 
 having been appointed to succeed George P. Fisher, 
 removed. 
 
 Wells, tifinies M, — He was Governor of Louisi- 
 ana from 1864 to 1867. 
 
 Wells, 'lohn. — He was born in New York, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Wells, John S. — He was a Senator in Congress 
 from New Hampshire from January to March, in 
 1855, by executive appointment. He filled many 
 local offices, and died in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 
 1860, aged fifty-six years. 
 
 Wells, Itobert W. — He was, for nearly thirty 
 years before his death, on the United States Bench of 
 Missouri, seldom or never missing a term of the Cir- 
 cuit or District Courts. He acquired a high reputa- 
 tion for his legal knowledge, and his decisions were 
 always respected by the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. He died at Bowling Green, Kentucky, Sep- 
 tember 22, 1864. 
 
 Wells, Samuel, — He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire, about 1805 ; was some years Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court of Maine, and Governor of the State in 
 1856 nud 100» . Died in Boston, July 15, 1868. 
 
 Wells, Williaiil II. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Delaware from 1799 to 1804, when he re- 
 signed, and agaiu from 1813 to 1817 ; he died March 
 11, 1829. 
 
 Wendell, Cornell us,— B.e was horn in Albany, 
 New York ; was bred a printer, and resided in that 
 city many years ; removed to Washington City and 
 took a special interest In politics ; was elected Public 
 Printer in 1856 and also in 1866 ; was interested in the 
 publication of the first edition of the "Dictionary of 
 Congress ; " and died in Washington. 
 
 Wendover, Peter H. — He was born in New 
 York City ; was a member of the State Assembly from 
 the city of New York in 1804 ; and a Representative 
 in Congress from that State from 1815 to 1821. 
 
 WentH'orfh, .lolin, — He was born in Sandwich, 
 New Hampshire, March 5, 1815 ; and was the grand- 
 son of Jolm Wentworth, Jr., who was in the old Con- 
 gress, and who signed the original Articles of Con- 
 federation for New Hampshire. He was educated at 
 Dartmouth College, and shortly after graduating, in 
 1836, emigrated to the West, and settled in Chicago, 
 Illinois ; was among the first who took an interest in 
 securing a city charter for the town ; and, in a short 
 time, connected himself with the Chirrigri Democrat, 
 which was long the official journal of the city, and 
 which he conducted as proprietor and editor for 
 twenty-five years. Before becoming fully engaged 
 in politics he studied law, and, having finished his 
 course at Harvard, came to the bar in 1841. In 1837 
 he became a member of the Board of Education, and 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 45 V 
 
 continued in that position, when not in public life, 
 for many years ;■ and he was a Representative from 
 Illinois, to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirti- 
 eth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Territories and Commerce. In 
 1857 and 1860 he was Mayor of Chicago ; was a mem- 
 ber of tlie " State Constitutional Convention " of 1861 ; 
 in 186-1 he was appointed one of the Police Commis- 
 sioners of Chicago ; and was subsequently re-elected 
 for the the sixth tenu to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, and 
 Roads and Canals. In 1867 he received from Dart- 
 mouth College the degree of LL.D., and subsequently 
 made a donation to the college of ten thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 Went worth, John, Jr. — He was born in Som- 
 mersworth. New Hampshire, July 17, 1745 ; gradu- 
 ated at Harvard University in 1768 ; studied law and 
 adopted the profession, but, upon the organization of 
 Strafford County, he received from his relative. 
 Governor John Wentworth, the appointment of Reg- 
 ister of Probate, which office he held until his death, 
 which occurred at Dover, New Hampshire, January 
 10, 1787, from Consumption, growing out of an attack 
 of small-pox. He settled at Dover, early in life, and 
 was for a while the only lawyer in his county. He 
 was elected a Representative to the State Legislature 
 from 1776 to 1780, when he took the place of his 
 deceased father, also named John, in the Council, 
 where he remained until 1784, his father having also 
 been President of the first Revolutionary Assembly 
 in New Hampshire, and also a Colonel in the Army. 
 He was a member of the State Senate from 1784 until 
 his death ; was an active member of the Committee 
 of Safety during the Revolution ; was a Delegate 
 from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 
 the years 1778 and 1779, serving four sessions, and 
 was one of the signers of the Articles of Confedera- 
 tion. He left a son, named Paul, who was the father 
 of John Wentworth, the Representative in Congress 
 from Illinois. 
 
 Wentworth, Tappan. — He was born in Dover, 
 New Hampshire, February 24, 1802; and was a Rep- 
 resentative ill Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1853 to 185.5. He followed the law as a profession, 
 and was President of the Common Council of Lowell 
 in 1842 ; and served four years in the State Senate, 
 and eight years in the lower house of the Legislature. 
 He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal- 
 ists' Convention " of 1866. Died in Lowell, June 12, 
 1875. 
 
 West, J, a, — ^He was born in New Orleans, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1823 ; entered the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania in 18.36, but withdrew before graduating ; 
 served in the war against Mexico, as Captain ; emi- 
 grated to California in 1849, and engaged in com- 
 mercial pursuits ; at the outbreak of the Rebellion 
 was proprietor of the San Francisco Prices Current ; 
 entered the Army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the First 
 California Infantry, and attained the rank of brevet 
 Major-General ; went to Texas and then removed to 
 New Orleans ; was Chief Deputy United States Mar- 
 shal and Auditor of Customs, and Administrator of 
 Improvements ; and was elected to the United States 
 Senate, for the term commencing in 1871 and ending 
 in 1877, serving on the Committees on Appropriations 
 and Railroads. 
 
 Westthrook, John. — He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1841 to 1843. 
 
 Wefithrook, Theodoric R. — He was a native 
 of New York, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Wesicotf, James D, — He was born at Alexan- 
 dria, Virginia, in May, 1802. He removed with his 
 fatlier to New Jersey, and was, at an early age, ad- 
 mitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of that State, 
 where he practiced his profession until 1829 ; and he 
 afterwards held, for a short time, a position in the 
 Consular Bureau of the State Department at Wash- 
 ington. He was appointed, by President Jackson, 
 Secretary of the Territory of Florida, and held the 
 office four years, performing the duties of the Gover- 
 nor during his temporary absence. He was a member 
 of the Territorial Legislature in 1832. He was ap- 
 pointed United States District Attorney for the middle 
 district of the Territory, which office he held until 
 1836. He was again a member of the Legislature, 
 and a member of the Convention for framing a State 
 Constitution in 1838 and 1839. On the admission of 
 Florida into the Union as a State, in 1845, he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress, and served until 1849. 
 
 Westerlo, liensselaer. — He was born in New 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1817 to 1819. 
 
 Weston, James A. — He was Governor of Ne- 
 vada in the years 1871 and 1872. 
 
 Weston, James A.. — He was born in Manches- 
 ter, New Hampshire, August 27, 1827 ; received a good 
 education in the public schools and academies of his 
 native place ; adopted the profession of Civil Engi- 
 neer, and was extensively engaged in building and 
 operating Railroads and Water Works in New Hamp- 
 shire ; was elected Mayor of Manchester in 1808, 
 1870, 1871, and 1874, and was Governor of New 
 Hampshire in 1871 and 1874. 
 
 Wethered, John, — He was born ia Maryland, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1845. 
 
 lilialey, Kellian V, — Was born in Onondaga 
 County, New York, May 6, 1831. While yet young 
 he removed with his father to Ohio, received a limited 
 education, and, when twenty-one years old, settled 
 in Western Virginia, devoting himself to tlie lumber 
 and» mercantile business. When the Rebellion broke 
 out he took the Union side of the question, and was 
 elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He afterwards 
 acted as an Aid to Governor Pierpoint in organizing 
 and equipping regiments, and was in command at tlie 
 battle of Guyandotte, when he was taken prisoner. In 
 November, 1861. After traveling with his captors 
 sixty miles toward Richmond, he made his escape, 
 and arrived safely at Catlettsburg, Kentucky, and was 
 soon able to resume his seat in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Invalid Pensions, and as a member of the Committee 
 on Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to the 
 " Baltimore Convention" of 1864. Re-elected to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member 
 of that on the Death of President Lincoln. He wa.s 
 also a member of the National Committee appointed 
 to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to 
 Illinois. In 1868 he was appointed Collector at 
 Brazos de Santiago, Texas. 
 
 If^iallon, Reuben, — Born in New Jersey, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1833 to 1835, and died in Essex County, New- 
 York, April 15, 1843, aged sixty-six years. 
 
 Wharton, Jesse. — He represented the State of 
 Tennessee in Congress from 1807 to 1809, and was a 
 United States Senator in 1814 and 1815, when he was 
 
458 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 superseded by J. Williams. He died at Nashville, 
 July 23, 1833. 
 
 Wharton, Samuel,— He was born in 17.32 ; 
 signed the Nou-Importatiou Resolutions of 1765 ; was 
 a member of the City Councils of Philadelphia, of the 
 Committee of Safety in the Revolution, of tlie Colonial 
 and State Legislatures of Pennsylvania, and of the 
 Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783. He died about 
 the year 1810. 
 
 Jf'/ieatoH, Henry, — Born in Providence, Rhode 
 
 Island, November 27, 1785 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1803 ; studied law both in this country 
 and Europe ; settled in New York City, where he 
 wrote for the press while practicing his profession, 
 and began, in 1815, the publication of his worlis on 
 International Law, which took a foremost position 
 among that class of writings. In 1816 became Re- 
 porter of the " Decisions of the Supreme Court," and 
 issued twelve volumes ; wrote also for the leading 
 Reviews ; was a member of the Convention in 1821, 
 which formed the Constitution of New York ; in 1825 
 assisted in revising the Laws of New York ; in 1836 
 he published the " Life of William Pinckney ;" in 
 1837 he was appointed Charge d'Ailaires to Den- 
 mark ; in 1835 became Minister Resident to Prussia, 
 and subsequently Minister Plenipotentiary to the 
 same country ; one of his most popular books was 
 the " History of the Northmen," and his legal writ 
 ings were numerous and very highly appreciated. In 
 181!) he received from Brown University the degree 
 of LL.D. ; the same from Hamilton College in 1843 ; 
 and also from Harvard College in 1845. He died at 
 Dorchester, Massachusetts, March 11, 1848. His 
 " Elements of International Law " is a work of the 
 highest standard in its department of learning. 
 
 Jf'heaton, Horace, — He was bom in New 
 
 York, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 ir/wafon. Label n. — He was born atMarshfield, 
 
 Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard University 
 in 1774. He studied both theology and law. He was 
 a County Judge and a Representative in Congress 
 from 1809 to 1817. He died at Norton, Massachu- 
 setts, March 23, 1846, aged ninety-two years. 
 
 Wheeler, Ezra. — He was born in Chenango 
 County, New York, in 1830 ; emigrated to Berlin, 
 Wisconsin, in 1849 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 in 1853 he was elected to the Legislature of Wiscon- 
 sin ; in 1854 he was elected to the otBce of County 
 Judge, holding the same for eight years ; and he was 
 elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Wheeler, Gratfan H, — He was a native of 
 New York and a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1831 to 1833. He was also a member 
 of the State Assembly from Steuben County for four 
 years, and one year a member of the State Senate. 
 
 Wheeler, John. — Born in 1833, at Darby, Con- 
 necticut ; received a good commercial education, and 
 at the age of twenty entered the mercantile business 
 in New York City ; he subsequently engaged in hotel- 
 keeping, which he followed at the time of his elec- 
 tion and during his service as a member of Congress, 
 having been a Representative from 1853 to 1857 from 
 New York. 
 
 Wheeler, .John H. — He was born in 1806 at 
 Murfresborough, North Carolina ; after a classical 
 education at Columbian College, near Washington 
 City, at which he graduated in 1836 ; he studied law, 
 
 and was licensed by the Supreme Court of North 
 Carolina in 1837 ; entered the House of Commons as 
 a member from his native county, and served four 
 years successively ; was appointed by Pre.sident Jack- 
 son, Superintendent of the United States Branch 
 Mint in 1836, at Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1843 
 he was elected Treasurer of the State of North Caro- 
 lina. In 1852 he was appointed Minister-Resident to 
 the Republic of Nicaragua, in Central America, 
 during the foray of Walker, and his position was one 
 of much peril and responsibility. He is the author 
 of the " History of North Carolina," published in 
 1853. He also compiled a "Legislative Manual "in 
 1874 for the State of North Carolina. Resides in 
 Washington City, and is engaged in condensing and 
 collating the Debates of Congress. 
 
 Wheeler, William A, — Was born in Malone, 
 Franklin County, New York, in 1820 ; was a member 
 of the class of" 1843 of the University of Vermont, 
 but did not graduate ; adopted the profession of law ; 
 in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; in 1857 and 1858 to the State Senate ; and in 
 1860 was elected a Representative from New Y'ork to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was for many years 
 engaged in the banking business, and was President 
 of the Ogdensburg and Rouses' Railroad Company. 
 He was also a Delegate to the "State Constitutional 
 Convention " of 1867, and was elected its President. 
 He was elected to the Forty-first and three subse- 
 quent Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittees on Commerce and the Pacific Railroad, of 
 which he was Chairman. 
 
 Whidilen, Benjamin F, — He was a citizen of 
 New Hampshire, and in 1863 he was appointed a 
 Special Commissioner and Consul-General to llayti. 
 
 Whijtple, Charles W. — He was born in New 
 York, and was among the earliest emigrants to Mich- 
 igan from the East, and for many years was well 
 known throughout the State as a faithful officer and 
 jurist. He was frequently elected to the State Legis- 
 lature, and in 1836 and 1837 was Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives. He held various positions of 
 trust and honor, having long been Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court, and a member of the Convention of 
 1850 which framed the present Constitution of the 
 State. He died at Detroit, October 25, 1856. 
 
 Whipple, Thomas. — He was bom in Berkshire 
 County, Massachusetts ; was bred a physician, and 
 served the State of New Hampshire as a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from 1831 to 1829. He died at 
 Wentworth, New Hampshire, January 33, 1835, aged 
 fifty years. 
 
 Whipide, William, — Born in Kittery, Maine, 
 in 1730 ; was educated at a common English School ; 
 commenced active life as a sea-captain ; in 1759 he 
 settled at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the mer- 
 cantile business ; in 1775 he was a member of the 
 Provincial Congress ; in 1776 of the Provincial Coun- 
 cil ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from New Hampshire from 1776 to 1779, and one of 
 the signers of the Declaration of Independence. In 
 1777 he entered the army, served with distinction in 
 several campaigns, and rose to be a Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral ; in 1783 he was appointed Financial Receiver for 
 New Hampshire, serving two years, when he resig.i- 
 ed ; and also held the offices of Judge of the Superi ir 
 Court, and Justice of the Peace and Quorum ; and 
 was a Commissioner on behalf of Connecticut to 
 settle the land difficulties in Wyoming Valley. Died 
 November 38, 1785. 
 
 Whitcomb, James, — Was born in 1795. He 
 removed with his father to Ohio in 1806 ; had a 
 
 26 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 459 
 
 ountry-scliool education, and prepared himself for 
 oUege by teaching school, and graduated at Tran- 
 ylvania University with the highest honors. He 
 tudied law, and settled in practice in Bloomington, 
 adiaaa, in 1824. In 1S26 he was appointed Prose- 
 uting Attorney, and in lySO was chosen amemlierof 
 lie State Senate, and served five years. He was ap- 
 ointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in 
 S36 ; and in 1841 returned to the practice of his pro- 
 ission at Terre Haute, Indiana , in 1843 he was 
 liosen Governor of the State, and was re-elected in 
 346. He was elected a Senator of the United States 
 1 1849, for the term ending in 1855, which position 
 e held until his death, which occurred in New 
 ork, October 4, 1853. He was much interested in 
 re American Bible Society, of which association he 
 'as Vice-President. 
 
 Vhite, Addison, — He was born in Kentucky, 
 lid was a Representative in Congress from that 
 tate from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 White, Albert S, — Was born in Blooming Grove, 
 range County, New Yorli, October 24, 1803 ; gradu- 
 ted at Union College, in 1823 ; studied law, and was 
 imitted to the bar, at Newburg, in 1825 ; removed 
 ) Indiana in 1839 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
 ress from that State from 1837 to 1839 ; was a 
 enator in Congress from 1839 to 1845 ; during his 
 jrvice in Congress, lie was instrumental in securing 
 rants of land for the Wabash and Erie Canal ; and, 
 fter leaving Congress, he abandoned politics, and 
 irued his attention to the railroad business, beconi- 
 ig President of the Wabash and Indianapolis, and 
 f the Lake Erie, Wabash, and St. Louis Companies, 
 larlier in life he was for five years Clerk of the Iii- 
 iana House of Representatives ; and was elected a 
 Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh 
 bugress, serving as a member of tlie Committee on 
 oreign Affairs, and Chairman of a Select Committee 
 n Emancipation. After leaving Congress, he was 
 ppointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to 
 sttle certain claims against the Sioux Indians. In 
 auuary, 1864, he was appointed, by President Lin- 
 3ln, Judge of the District Court of Indiana. He 
 led in Stockvvell, Indiana, September 4, 1864. 
 
 White, Alexander. — He was a Delegate to the 
 ontineutal Congress from Virginia from 1786 to 
 788, and a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 
 793, and distinguislied for his eloquence and patriot- 
 im. He died at Woodville, Berkely County, Vir- 
 inia, in 1804, aged sixty-six years. He was one of 
 liose who voted for locating the Seat of Government 
 u the Potomac, and was a Commissioner to arrange 
 or erecting the public buildings in Washington. 
 
 White, Alexander, — He was born in Franklin, 
 'ennessee, October 16, 1816 ; removed to Alabama 
 .hen five years of age ; was educated at the Uuiver- 
 ity of Tennessee ; volunteered for the Creek and 
 leminole War in 1836 ; studied law with his father, 
 ohn White, late Circuit and Supreme Court Judge of 
 Llabama, and practiced the ])rofession twenty-five 
 ears ; was a meml)er of the Thirty-second Congress ; 
 
 member of the Alabama State Convention in 1865 ; 
 
 member of the General Assembly in 1872 ; elected 
 a the Forty-thli-d Congress, serving on the Committee 
 n the Judiciary. In 1875 he was elected an Associ- 
 te Justice of the United States Court for the Terrl- 
 ory of Utah. 
 
 White, Allison, — He was bom in Pennsylvania, 
 )ecember 21, 1816 ; received a common-school educa- 
 \6a ; studied law, and practiced his profession for 
 welve years. He was elected a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress from the 
 ■"ifteenth Congressional District of that State, and was 
 
 Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the 
 Public BuUdings. 
 
 White, Bartow W, — He was born in Westches- 
 ter County, New York, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1835 to 1827. 
 
 Jfliite, Senjaniin. — He was born in Maine ; a 
 farmer by occupation ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1844 to 1843. During 
 the years 1841 and 1842 he was also a member of the 
 
 Maine Legislature. 
 
 White, Campbell P, — Was born in New York ; 
 for many years a prominent merchant in that city ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1839 to 1835. He also took a leading part in the 
 " New York Convention " of 1846. He died February 
 12, 1859, leaving an exalted reputation for abilities, 
 and sterling qualities of heart and manners. 
 
 White, Chilton A. — Was born in Georgetovm, 
 Brown County, Ohio, February, 1826 ; studied law 
 with General Thomas L. Hamer, under whom he 
 served one year as a private soldier in Mexico ; was 
 admitted to the bar in 1848, and settled in his native 
 town. In 1852 and 1853 he was the Prosecuting At- 
 torney for Brown County ; in 1859 and 1860 he was 
 chosen a Senator in the State Legislature, but before 
 the expiration of his second term he was elected a 
 Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Public Expendi- 
 tures. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, 
 and Expenditures in the Post-Office Department. 
 
 White, David.- — He was one of the Judges of 
 the Circuit Court of Kentucky, and represented that 
 State in Congress from 1823 to 1825. He died in 
 Franklin County, Kentucky, February 17, 1835, aged 
 fifty years. 
 
 White, Edward D. — He was Governor of Lou- 
 isiana from 1824 to 1830 ; Representative in Congress 
 from 1839 to 1834, and from 1839 to 1843. Died in 
 New Orleans, Louisiana, April 18, 1847. 
 
 White, Fortune C — He was born in Whites- 
 town, Oneida County, New Y^ork, in 1787 ; received a 
 classical education ; studied law, and came to the bar 
 at an early age ; was Chief J udge of Common Pleas 
 and Quaiter Sessions of Oneida County from 1837 to 
 1848 ; had previously served with credit as a military 
 man in the war of 1812 ; first as Captain at Sacketts 
 Harbor in 1813, and as Aide-de-camp to the Command- 
 ing General in 1814. Died at Whitestown, August 
 37, 1866. His father, Hugh White, was the founder 
 of Whitestown, and a Representative in Congress. 
 
 White, Francis, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, his native State, from 1813 to 
 1815. 
 
 White, Hugh, — He was born in New Y"ork in 
 1799, followed the plow until he was nineteen 
 years of age, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from his native State from 1845 to 1851. A success- 
 ful man of business, and died near Troy, October 6, 
 1870. 
 
 IVhite, Hugh Latvson, — He was born in Ire- 
 dell County, North Carolina, October 30, 1773 ; re- 
 moved with his father to Knox County, Tennessee, 
 in 1786 ; volunteered as a private soldier during the 
 Indian hostilities in 1792. In 1794 he went to Phila- 
 delphia, and pursued a course of mathematical 
 studies, and then went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 
 and studied law. He commenced the practice of his 
 
400 
 
 BIOQEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 profession at Knoxville, in 1796. In 1801 he was ap- 
 pointed Judge of tlie Supreme Court of the State 
 and served until 1807. In 1808 he was appointed 
 District Attorney, and in 1809 was elected to the 
 State Senate ; he again served six years in the Su- 
 preme Court as Judge, and in 1815 was cliosen Presi- 
 dent of the State Bank of Tennessee. In 1830 he was 
 again a member of the State Senate, and about that 
 time was appointed by President Monroe, a Commia- 
 Bioner to adjust the claims of our citizens against 
 Spain. He was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 1835 to 1835, and from 1836 to 1840, serving on one 
 occasion as President pro tern, of tlie Senate, and on 
 important committees. At the election for President 
 of the United States, in 1836, he received all the 
 votes (twenty-six) of Georgia and Tennessee. He 
 resigned his seat in the Senate in 1839, having re- 
 ceived instructions to vote against his own judgment. 
 Soon after reaching his home, in Knoxville, he died 
 April 10, 1840. 
 
 Jfllite, 'Tames, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Tennessee from 1792 to 1794. 
 
 Ttllite, James IV. — He was born in Limericls, 
 Ireland, in 1807 ; educated at tlie Dulilin University ; 
 emigrated to the United States in 1833 ; and settled 
 in New Yorli as a lawyer ; was the founder and origi- 
 nal editor, under the influence of Archbishop Hughes, 
 of tlie New Yorli Freeman's Journal, and lie was 
 made a Judge of the Superior Court, and also of the 
 Supreme Court of the State. Died at Sufferns, New 
 York, June 13, 1867. 
 
 ffliife, iTohn. — He was born in 1805 ; served 
 from 1835 to 1845 as a Representative in Congress 
 from Kentucky, and was Speaker of the House dur- 
 ing the Twenty seventh Congress. He was Judge of 
 the Nineteenth Judicial District at the time of his 
 death, which occurred at Richmond, Kentucky, by 
 suicide, September 28, 1845. His talents and attain- 
 ments were of a high order. 
 
 White, Joseph L, — Was born in Cherry Valley, 
 New York ; studied law in Utica, and settled in In- 
 diana ; was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1841 to 1843. After leaving Congress he 
 settled in New York City, and practiced his profes- 
 sion with success. He subsequently entered into an 
 India-rubber speculation, and while on a business 
 visit to Nicaragua, he was shot by a drunken man, 
 from the effects of which he died in January, 1861. 
 
 White, Joseph 3£. — He was born in Franklin 
 County, Kentucky, and was a Delegate to Congress 
 from the Territory of Florida from 1823 to 1837, and 
 died at St. Louis, Missouri, October 18, 1839 while 
 on a visit to his brother. He was an eminent lawyer, 
 and noted for his eloquence and acquirements. 
 
 JVJiite, Joseph W. — Was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County, Ohio, October 2, 1823 ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1844 ; in 1845 and 1847 he 
 was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for his native 
 county ; and was elected a Representative from Ohio 
 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Mileage, and Expenditures in the Treas- 
 ury Department. 
 
 White, Julius, — He was a citizen of Illinois ; 
 served as a General in the Volunteer Army during 
 the Rebellion ; and in 1872 was appointed Minister- 
 Resident to the Argentine Confederation, but soon 
 declined the position ; in about six months there- 
 after, he was again commissioned to the same office, 
 went to South America, and again resigned in 1874, 
 after which he settled in Chicago. 
 
 Tf^hite, Leonard, — Born in Haverhill, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1767. He was a fellow-student of John 
 Quincy Adams, and at Harvard they were of the class 
 of 1787. He was for many years Town Clerk and 
 Treasurer, and represented his town in the Legisla- 
 ture, and his district in Congress from 1811 to 1813, 
 and then he was appointed Cashier of the Merrimack 
 Bank, which office he held until the infirmities of age 
 obliged him to retire. He died in Haverhill, October 
 10, 1849. 
 
 Jfliite, JPhillips, — He was a Delegate from New 
 Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 
 1783. 
 
 Jfllite, fhilo. — He was a citizen of Wisconsin, 
 and in 1853 he was appointed Charge d'AfEaires to 
 Ecuador, and from 1854 to 1858 he held the position 
 of Minister-Resident. 
 
 Ifliite, Phineas, — He graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1797, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Vermont from 1821 to 1823. He vi-as 
 Register of Probate in the town of Pomfret from 
 1800 to 1809 ; County Attorney in 1813 ; served eight 
 years in the two branches of the State Legislature ; 
 and died in 1847, aged seventy-seven years. He was 
 born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts. 
 
 White, Samuel, — Was a United States Senator 
 from Delaware from 1801 until his death, which oc- 
 curred at Wilmington, Delaware, November 4, 1809, 
 aged thirty-nine years. 
 
 JFTlite, Thomas, — He was at one time the Pre- 
 siding Judge of a Judicial District in Pennsylvania ; 
 member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; and died in 
 Indiana, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1866, in the sixty- 
 seventh year of his age. 
 
 Wliitefield, James, — He was a native of Geor- 
 gia ; removed to Mississippi at an early day ; served 
 as a soldier in the war of 1813 ; also in the Creek 
 War; was Governor of Mississippi from 1851 to 1853 ; 
 and during the late Rebellion, acted as Funding 
 Agent for the Confederate Government. Died at 
 Columbus, Georgia, June 30, 1875, at an advanced age. 
 
 Whitehead, Ira C, — He was born near Morris- 
 town, New Jersey, in 1798 ; graduated at Princeton 
 College in 1816 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1831 ; and in 1841 he was called to the Bench of the 
 Supreme Court of New Jersey, which position he 
 held until his death, which occurred at Morristown, 
 August 27, 1867. 
 
 Whitehead. Tliomas, — He was born in Clif- 
 ton, Nelsou County, Virginia, December 27, 1825 ; at- 
 tended a grammar-school ; studied law, admitted to 
 the bar in 1849 ; was editor of an agricultural news- 
 paper ; appointed Commissioner in Chancery ; elected 
 for Amherst County in 1866 ; removed by order of 
 the Military Governor in 1868 ; re-elected in 1869, and 
 resigned in 1873 ; was elected to the State Senate in 
 1865, but did not qualify ; was commissioned Lieu- 
 tenant of Cavalry in 1861 ; elected Captain in 
 1862, and promoted to be Major of the Second Vir- 
 ginia Cavalry in 1865 ; and elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Education 
 and Labor. 
 
 iniitchill, James, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1814, when 
 he resigned. He was also Judge of a County Court, 
 and a General of Militia. Died at Strasburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, March 5, 1823, at a very advanced age. 
 
 Mllitehill, John, — He was a Representative in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 461 
 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1807. 
 3ied in 1815 aged ninety-four years. 
 
 jniiteJiill, liobert. — He was a Representative 
 n Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1813, the 
 ear in which he died. 
 
 Tfltitehouse, John O. — He was bom in Roches- 
 er, New Hampshire, July 19, 1817 ; received a com- 
 non-school education ; worked on a farm ; in 1835 
 vent to the State of New York, and has resided at 
 Jrooklyn and Poughkeepsie ; was a merchant and 
 aanufacturer ; was elected to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service, and 
 e-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. In Decem- 
 )er, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit- 
 ee on the Civil Service. 
 
 Whitelejl, Michard Henry. — He was bom in 
 
 reland, December 23, 1830, and emigrated to Georgia 
 n 1836 ; engaged in the manufacturing business ; 
 tudied law, and came to the bar in 1800 ; was op- 
 losed to secession ; entered the Confederate Armj' in 
 861, and surrendered in 1865 ; was elected to the State 
 Constitutional Convention in 1867 ; was appointed 
 lolicitor-General of the South-western Circuit in 1868 ; 
 fas elected in 1870 United States Senator for the 
 erm ending in 1871 ; and was elected to the Forty- 
 irst, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses, serv- 
 ng on the Committees on Manufactures and Public 
 Sxpenditures. 
 
 IVhitcley, William 6, — Bom in Newark, 
 Jew Castle County, Delaware ; graduated at Nassau 
 lall, Princeton, in 1838. He was a lawyer by profes- 
 ion, and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth 
 'ongress from Delaware, serving as Chairman of the 
 Committee on Agriculture. He was re-elected to the 
 Chirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Commit- 
 ee, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty- 
 hree on the Rebellious States. 
 
 Whiteside, ,Tenkins. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 ress from Tennessee from 1809 to 1811, and died 
 leptember 24, 1822. 
 
 If'Jiifenide, tTohn. — He was a Representative in 
 Jongress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1819. 
 
 Uliitefield, J. W, — He was born in Tennessee, 
 nd was a Delegate from the Territory of Kansas to 
 he Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Whitfield, JTanies. — He was Governor of Missis- 
 ippi from 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Whitinrf, George C. — He was born in Fauquier 
 County, Virginia, December 29, 1816 ; soon after re- 
 eiving a good education, he went with his father to 
 Vashington ; in 1838 he was appointed a clerk in the 
 leneral Land Office ; was made Chief Clerk of that 
 ifice, and held it several years ; in 1857 he was ap- 
 lointed Commissioner of Pensions, and continued in 
 he position until 1861 ; and was subsequently a Gen- 
 ral Adviser and Assistant of the Secretary of the 
 nterior Department, where his long experience in 
 lublic affairs made him eminently useful to the 
 iovernment. He was a popular and highly capable 
 'fficer, and a prominent member of the Masonic Fra- 
 ernity, having been for eight years Grand Master of 
 he District of Columbia. He died in Washington, 
 September 4, 1867. 
 
 Whifinr/, Hiehnrd fl".— Born in Hartford, Con- 
 lectieut, January 7, 1826, where he received a com- 
 Qon-school education ; removed to Illinois in 1848, 
 vhere he engaged in business as a merchant ; served 
 .s Pay-master in the Federal Army during the war ; 
 
 was appointed by President Grant, Assessor, in 1870, 
 and upon the consolidation of the oflices. Collector of 
 the Fifth Collection District of Illinois, which posi- 
 tion he held untU elected to the Forty-fourth Congress 
 from niinois. 
 
 Mllitman, Esekiel. — Bom in East Bridgewater, 
 Massachusetts, March 11, 1776 ; graduated at Brown 
 University in 1795 ; settled as a lawyer in the District 
 of Maine in 1798 ; he was Chief Justice of the Com- 
 mon Pleas and also of the Superior Court of Maine, 
 presiding as such for twenty-five years ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 
 1809 to 1811, and from 1817 to 1821 ; and was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from Maine from 1821 to 1823. 
 He was also a member of the Executive Council of 
 Maine in 1815 and 1816, and a member of the Conven- 
 tion to form a Constitution in 1819. Died in East 
 Bridgewater, Massachusetts, August 1, 1866. 
 
 Ifliitnian, Lemuel, — He was a graduate of 
 Tale College In 1800 ; was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Connecticut from 1823 to 1824 ; and died 
 at Farmington, November 18, 1841. 
 
 Whitmore, George W. — He was bom in Mc- 
 
 Minn County, Tennessee, August 26, 1824 ; received 
 a good education ; removed to Texas in 1848 ; studied 
 and practiced law ; was a member of the State House 
 of Representatives in 1852, 1853, and 1858 ; was im- 
 prisoned by the Rebels on account of his political 
 sentiments, and kept in prison until a board of sur- 
 geons pronounced his release necessary ; was appoint- 
 ed Attorney of the Ninth District in 1866 ; appointed 
 Register in Bankruptcy in 1867 ; and was elected to 
 the Forty-fijst Congress. 
 
 iniitney, Tliomas JR. — He was bom in New 
 
 Tork City In 1804 ; served two years in the Assembly 
 of that State, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1855 to 1857. He devoted much 
 of his life to literary pursuits, having been at one 
 time editor of the New York Sunday News, and was 
 the author of a poem called the " Ambuscade," and a 
 political work entitled " The American Policy Vindi- 
 cated." He died April 13, 1858. 
 
 Wllifson, W. C. — He was born in Indiana, and, 
 having emigrated to Idaho, settled at Lewiston, and 
 in 1874 was appointed an Associate Justice of the 
 United States Supreme Court for the Territory of 
 Idaho. Died in Omaha, Nebraska, December 25, 
 1875. 
 
 Wliittaker, John. — He was the first Governor 
 of Oregon after it became a State, serving as such 
 from 1859 to 1863. 
 
 Whitteniore, Benjamin F. — Bom in Maiden, 
 Massachusetts, in 1824 ; received an academical edu- 
 cation ; during his youth he was employed in a man- 
 ufacturing establishment belonging to his father ; on 
 becoming of age he traveled extensively in Europe 
 and South America, as well as California ; subse- 
 quently became a minister in the Methodist Church ; 
 served as a Chaplain in the army during the Rebel- 
 lion ; after the war settled himself in South Carolina, 
 and identified himself with the educational interests 
 of the State ; was Chairman of the Republican State 
 Committee ; a Delegate to the new State "Constitu- 
 tional Convention " of 1867 ; was the founder and 
 editor of the New Era, published in Darlington ; was 
 also a member of the State Senate ; and was subse- 
 quently elected a Representative from South Corolina 
 to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Education and Labor. Re-elected to the Forty- 
 first Congress, serving on the Committee on Recon- 
 struction, but left under a cloud. 
 
462 
 
 BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Whittemore, E/ias, — He was born in Rocking- 
 ham County, New Hampshire, and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1837. 
 
 Whitthorne, Washington C. — He was born 
 in Marshall County, Tennessee, April 19, 1825 ; grad- 
 uated at the East Tennessee University in 1843 ; 
 studied law ; was a memljer of the State Senate for 
 four years ; elected in 1859 to the Lower House of 
 Tennessee and made presiding officer ; was Assistant 
 Adjutant-General in the Provisional Army of Tennes- 
 see in 1861, and was afterwards Adjutant-General of 
 the State, which position he held until the close of 
 the War ; his disabilities were removed by Act of 
 Congress approved in 1870 ; and elected to the Forty- 
 second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Naval Affairs. 
 
 Whittleseji, Efislia. — He was bom in Wash- 
 ington, Connecticut, October 19, 1783 ; he spent a 
 part of his boyhood on a farm ; received an academ- 
 ical education ; studied law ; and in 1806 removed to 
 the Western Reserve of Ohio, from which District he 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1839. 
 He served in the war of 1813 as Aide-de-camp to 
 General E. Wadsworth ; was for sixteen years a 
 Prosecuting Attorney ; and was elected to the Legis- 
 lature in 1830 and in 1831. He was appointed by 
 President Harrison Auditor for the Post-Offlce De- 
 partment, and, by President Taylor, was appointed 
 First Comptroller of the Treasury, which office he 
 continued to hold until the accession of President 
 Buchanan. He was reappointed to the same position 
 by President Lincoln in 1861. Died in Washington, 
 January 7, 1863. 
 
 Whittleseti, Frederick. — He was born in Wash- 
 ington, Connecticut, in .June, 1799 ; gi-aduated at 
 Yale College in 1818 ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar at Utica, New Y'ork, in 1831 ; settled in 
 Rochester in 1833 ; was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1831 to 1835 ; in 1839 he was chosen Vice- 
 Chancellor of the Eighth Judicial District of New 
 York, and retained the office eight years ; he was 
 also a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; and 
 in 1850 he was elected Professor of Law in Genesee 
 College. He died in Rochester, New York, Septem- 
 ber 19, 1851. 
 
 iniiff/esei/, Tfiomas T. — He was bom in Con- 
 necticut ; graduated at TTale College in 1817 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from his native 
 State from 1836 to 1839. 
 
 Whittlesey . William A. — He was bom in Con- 
 necticut ; graduated at Yale College ; studied law, 
 and settled in practice in Ohio ; and was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Wht/te, Willia'tn Pinkney, — Born in Balti- 
 more in 1834 ; received a classical education, and en- 
 tered into mercantile life ; graduated at the Law De- 
 partment of Harvard University and came to the bar in 
 1846 ; in 1847 he was elected to the Maryland House of 
 Delegates ; in 1853 he was elected State Comptroller ; 
 was a Delegate to the " New York National Conven- 
 tion " of 1868, and soon afterwards was appointed a 
 Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Rev- 
 erdy Johnson, resigned. He is a grandson of William 
 Pinkney. He served on the Committees on Public 
 Buildings and Grounds, and Mines and Mining. Re- 
 elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 
 1875 and ending in 1881. 
 
 Wick, William W. — Born in Canonsburg, 
 Washington County, Pennsylvania, February 23, 
 1796. He received a classical education, and was pur- 
 
 suing a collegiate course when the death of his father 
 threw him upon his own resources. He then fol- 
 lowed the occupation of a teacher, and devoted his 
 leisure hours to the study of medicine until 1818, 
 when he was induced to adopt the law as his profes- 
 sion, and prosecuted his studies with the Hon. 
 Thomas Corwin, and located for practice in Fayette 
 County, Indiana, in 1830. He was that year Assist- 
 ant Clerk of the House of Representatives, and in 
 1821 Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. In 1823 
 he was chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial 
 Circuit, and in 1835 became Secretary of State ; in 
 1839 he was Attorney for the State in the same cir- 
 cuit, from which office he retired in 1831, and was 
 President Judge for three years ; in 1839 he was again 
 elected a Representative in Congress, and again in 
 1845 and 1847 ; in 1850 he was again chosen President 
 Judge, and from 1853 to 1857 Postmaster at Indian- 
 apolis. He served in the Militia of the State as Brig- 
 adier-General, Quartermaster and Adjutant-General. 
 In 1857 he resumed the practice of the legal profes- 
 sion. Died in Franldin Couuty, May 19, 1868. 
 
 Wickes, Eliphalet. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807. 
 
 Wickliffe, Charles A. — He was bom in Bards- 
 town, Kentucky, June 8, 1788 ; was educated at the 
 Bardstown grammar-school ; studied law, and at- 
 tained a high position at the bar. In 1813 he was 
 appointed Aid-de-camp to General Winlock, and dur- 
 ing the same year was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture, and re-elected in 1813. He was at the battle of 
 the Thames as Aid to General Caldwell, after which 
 he was again elected to the Legislature, where he 
 continued until elected to Congress from Kentucky, 
 in 1823, and to which he was four times re-elected. 
 He was for several sessions Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Public Lands. On his retirement from Con- 
 gress, in 1833, he was again elected to the Legisla- 
 ture, and was Speaker in 1834 ; in 1836 he was elect- 
 ed Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky ; on the death 
 of Governor Clark, in 1839, he became Acting Gov- 
 ernor, and in 1841 was appointed Postmaster-General 
 by President Tyler. In 1845 he was sent, by Presi- 
 dent Polk, on a secret mission to Texas, to look after 
 annexation ; in 1849 he was a member of the Conven- 
 tion called to Revise the State Constitution ; and in 
 1861 he once again became a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Kentucky, haring previously occupied a 
 seat in the " Peace Convention " of February in that 
 year, and served to the close of the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago 
 Convention " of 1866. In 1869, after practicing law 
 for fifty-eight years, and when blind, he delivered 
 his last legal argument. Died in Maryland, October 
 31, 1869. 
 
 Wickliffe, Robert, Jr. — He was a citizen of 
 Kentucky, and in 1843 he was appointed Charge 
 d'.\ffaires to Sardinia, where he remained until 1848. 
 Died in Kentucky, August 39, 1850. 
 
 Wickliffe, Hobert C, — He was bora in Ken- 
 tucky, and having removed to Louisiana, was Gov- 
 ernor of that State from 1858 to 1860. 
 
 Wiflfieri/, Williant. — He was Lieutenant of a 
 Privateer in the Revolutionary war; served in the 
 Massachusetts Legislature in 1789, 1791, 1793, 1794, 
 I and 1797 ; a State^Councilor in 1806 and 1807 ; Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas from 1813 to 1833 ; 
 and a Representative in Congress from Massachu- 
 setts from 1811 to 1813. He was born in Philadel- 
 phia in 1753, and died in Boston, August 7, 1822. 
 
 Wiflfall, Lewis T. — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Texas from 1859 until that State seceded,- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 4G3 
 
 when he became identified with the great Rebellion 
 as a Brigadier-General. Was expelled from the Sen- 
 ate in July, 18G1 ; and after the war he settled in 
 London. Declined by letter to give the author any 
 information. 
 
 Jf'if/ffhiton, P. D. — Bom in Springfield, Illi- 
 nois, September 6, 1839 ; received a common-school 
 education, and graduated at the University of Wis- 
 consin ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1860 ; 
 and having removed to California, in 1864 he was 
 elected District-Attorney for Merced Count}', in that 
 State ; and in 187.5 he was elected a Representative 
 from California to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Wike, Scott. — Bom in Meadville, Crawford 
 County, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1834 ; removed with 
 his parents to Quincy, Illinois, in 1838 ; and to Pike 
 County, in that State, in 1844 ; entered Lombard 
 University in 18fl4, and graduated in the Scientific 
 Department in 1857 ; studied law in Harvard Univer- 
 sity, graduated and admitted to the bar in 1859, com- 
 menced to practice at Pittsfield, Illinois, and has pur- 
 sued the prof ession ever since. In 1862 he was elect- 
 ed to the Legislature, and again in 1864, serving till 
 1867. In 1874 he was elected a Representative in 
 the Forty-fourth Congress from Illinois. 
 
 Wither, David. — He was born in Schenectady 
 County, New York, October 5, 1820 ; received a com- 
 mon-school education ; worked as a farm laborer ; 
 cultivated laud on shares, became the owner of real 
 estate, and was interested in the lumber trade and 
 farming ; was for several years interested in the Sec- 
 ond National Bank at Cooperstown, and the bank at 
 Oneonta, and elected to the Forty-third Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Wilbur, Isaac. — Bom in Rhode Island ; was 
 for many years Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the State, and in 1806 was Acting Governor. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island 
 from 1807 to 1809. 
 
 Wit COT, Jed nth tin. — Born in New Hampshire 
 in 1769, and died at Orford, in the same State, in 
 July, 1838. He was a Representative in Congress 
 from 1813 to 1817. 
 
 Wilcox, fJohn A. — He was born in North Caro- 
 lina, and, on removing to Mississippi, was elected a 
 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1851 to 1853. 
 
 Wi/cox, Leonard — He was a native of New 
 Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817; 
 was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Judge 
 of the Superior Court ; and was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from New Hampshire during the years 1842 
 and 1843. He died in 1850, aged fifty years. 
 
 Wilde, Richard Ifenri/. — He was born in the 
 City of Dublin, September 24, 1789. His childhood 
 was passed in Baltimore. His father having died, 
 he obtained the rudiments of learning from his mo- 
 ther and a private tutor, and in his eleventh year was 
 placed as a clerk in a store ; in 1802 he went with his 
 mother to Augusta, Georgia, and the twain obtained 
 a living by merchandising, in a small way ; the boy 
 devoting all his leisure to books. Under many diffi- 
 culties, he studied law, and practiced with success ; 
 also devoted himself to polite literature ; as an Advo- 
 cate he rose to eminence ; was made Attorney-Gen- 
 eral of Georgia ; and, in 1815, was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State ; was re-elected 
 in 1823, and again In 1827, serving with marked abil- 
 ity until 18.35. After leaving Congress he visited 
 Europe, and on his return devoted himself to litera- 
 
 ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he removed to New 
 Orleans, where he added to his reputation as a law- 
 yer, and was elected Professor of Constitutional Law 
 in the University of Louisiana. He died in New Or- 
 leans, September 10, 1847, leaving a reputation com- 
 posed of the elements of the statesman, the orator, 
 and the poet. One of his lyrics, entitled " My Life is 
 like a Summer Rose," attracted the praise of Lord 
 Byron. His literary productions were quite numer- 
 ous, and they all bear the impress of a gifted and 
 highly educated mind. His principal work was a 
 " Life of Tasso," which e\-inced his familiarity with 
 Italian literature, and gave him a rank among the 
 best scholars. 
 
 Wilde, Samuel Sitm)ier. — Born at Taunton, 
 Massachusetts, February 5, 1771 ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1789 ; was admitted to the bar in 
 1792; practiced in Waldsborough, Warren, and Hal- 
 lowel, JIaine ; removing to the latter place in 1799, 
 after representing Warren County two years in the 
 Legislature ; in 1814 was State Councilor. He was 
 one of the Delegates to the " Hartford Convention ;" 
 Judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Court from 
 1815 to 1850. In 1820 removed to Newburyport, and 
 in 1831 to Boston. He was a Delegate from New- 
 buryport to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 
 1820 ; member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
 He received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin Col- 
 lege in 1817, and from Harvard University in 1841. 
 
 Wilder, A. Carter. — He was born in Mendon, 
 Worcester County, Massachusetts, March 18, 1828 ; 
 in 1850 removed to Rochester, New York, and in 1857 
 to Kansas, where he was engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits ; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" 
 in 1860 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative 
 from Kansas to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the " Baltimore Convention " of 1864. Died 
 in San Francisco, California, December 23, 1875. 
 
 Wildman, Zalinon.—Jie was from Danbury, 
 Connecticut ; and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1835 to 1836. He died 
 at Washington, District of Columbia, December 10, 
 1835, before the expiration of his term. 
 
 Wildrick, Isaac. — He was born in New Jersey, 
 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Wiley, Jaines S. — He was bom in Maine ; grad- 
 uated at Waterville College in 1836 ; studied law ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Maine 
 from 1847 to 1849. 
 
 Wilkes, Charles. — Was born in New York City 
 in 1801 ; appointed Midshipman in 1818 ; Lieutenant 
 in 1826 ; Commander in 1843 ; Captain in 1855 ; Com- 
 modore in 1862 ; Rear-Admiral, retired list, in 1866. 
 In 1830 was appointed to the Department of Charts 
 and Instruments ; in 1838 left Norfolk, Virginia, in 
 command of five vessels for an exploring expedition 
 to the South Seas ; after visiting the islands of the 
 Pacific they discovered the Antarctic Continent, when 
 they coasted westward for more than seventy de- 
 grees. For this and other contributions to science, 
 he received a gold medal from the Geographical 
 Society of London. The explorations included the 
 Hawaiian group and the northwest coast, and he 
 reached New York harbor in June, 1842. In 1861 
 was sent in the Snn .Jacinto to look after the Confed- 
 erate steamer Sumter. Took Messrs. Slidell and 
 Mason from the British Mail Steamer Trent, Novem- 
 ber 8, and took them to Boston ; he was thanked by 
 Congress and received the applause of the people, 
 but his course was disapproved by the President. In 
 
404 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1862, while commanding the flotilla on the James 
 Kiver, he destroyed City Point. He afterwards com- 
 manded a squadron in the West Indies and captured 
 many blocliade-runners. He was the author of 
 " Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedi- 
 tion," in five volumes, "Voyage round the World," 
 etc., and a concise account of the same ; "Western 
 America," " Meteorology of the Exploring Expedi- 
 tion," and " Theory of Winds." 
 
 Wilkin, James IF. — Bom in 17G3 ; graduated 
 at Princeton College in 1785 ; was a member of the 
 Legislature of New York in 1800 ; and held many 
 other places in the gift of his fellow-citizens ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1819. 
 He died at Goshen, New York, February 33, 1845. 
 
 IVilhin, Hamuel J. — He was born in New 
 York ; graduated at Princeton College in 1812 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1881 to 1833 ; having been in the State Assem- 
 bly from Orange County in 1834 and 1835. He was 
 also the Whig candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on 
 the ticket with Millard Fillmore. Died in Goshen, 
 Orange County, New I'ork, March 11, 18G6, aged 
 seventy-six years. 
 
 IVilkins, Boss. — He was born in Pennsylvania ; 
 educated for the bar in that State ; and removed to 
 the West at an early day, with a commission in his 
 pocket from President Jackson, as a Federal Judge 
 for the Territory of Michigan. In 1837, and on sev- 
 eral subsequent occasions, he was appointed a Regent 
 of the State University. Aside from exerting much 
 influence in his judicial capacity, he has always 
 taken an interest in the public affairs of the State ; 
 and he presided over the first war-meeting held in 
 Detroit after the commencement of the Rebellion. 
 He was many years ago appointed a Circuit Judge, 
 and remained in office until the summer of 1870, 
 when he voluntarily retired from the bench, and is 
 now resting from his long judicial labors in the City 
 of Detroit. 
 
 WilkinSf William. — He was bom in 1779 ; was 
 a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 
 to 1834 ; a Representative in Congress from 184:3 to 
 1844 ; Secretary of War from 1841 to 1845 under 
 President Tyler ; and was appointed Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to Russia in 1834. He subsequently held 
 the office of Judge of the United States District 
 Court for Western Pennsylvania, and died near Pitts- 
 burg, June 33, 1865. 
 
 Wilkinson, James. — Bom near Benedict, Ma- 
 ryland, in 1757 ; studied at the Medical School of 
 Philadelphia in 1773 ; entered the Revolutionary 
 Army after the battle of Bunker Hill ; was made 
 Captain by Washington in 1776, and served under 
 Arnold in the Northern Arpiy ; he became Brigadier- 
 General, and bore to Congress the announcement of 
 Burgoyne's surrender ; was appointed Secretary of the 
 Board of War ; but being implicated in the Conway 
 Cabal, he resigned that position and was appointed 
 Clothier-General to the Army ; after the war he set- 
 tled in Lexington, Kentucky, and engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits ; in 1791 he was appointed to the 
 command of an expedition on the Wabash ; in 1793 
 commanded the right wing of Wayne's Army ; re- 
 ceived Louisiana from the French in 1803, as joint 
 Commissioner with Clail)orne ; was Governor of Lou- 
 isiana Territorj' from 1805 to 1807 ; was General-in- 
 Chief of the Army, and remained at the head of the 
 Southern Department until court-marshaled in 1811 ; 
 and was honorably acquitted ; in 1813 was appointed 
 Brevet Major-Geueral ; in 1813 Major-General. and, 
 after effective service at Mobile, was ordered to the 
 northern frontier : his service in Canada was unsuc- 
 
 cessful on account of disagreement with General 
 Wade Hampton, and he was again court-marshaled 
 and acquitted. After the war he removed to Mexico, 
 where he purchased large estates. He died near the 
 City of Mexico, December 38, 1825. 
 
 Wilkinson, Morton S. — Was born in Skene- 
 ateles, Onondaga County, New York, January 22, 
 1819 ; received an academical education, working oc- 
 casionally upon his father's farm ; in 1837 he removed 
 to Illinois, and was employed for two years upon the 
 railroad works then commenced in that State ; re- 
 turned to his native town, studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, after which he removed to tUa 
 West again, and settled at Eaton Rapids, in Michigan; 
 in 1847 he settled in Minnesota, and in 1849, when 
 that Territory was organized, he was elected to the 
 Legislature, and the laws adopted by the Territory as 
 its code were of his draughting ; and in 1859 he was 
 chosen a Senator in Congress from Minnesota, for the 
 term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member of 
 the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Dele- 
 gate to the ' ' Baltimore Convention " of 1864, and to 
 the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 Was subsequently elected to the Forty-first Congress 
 as a Representative from Minnesota, serving on the 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Ninth Census. 
 
 Willard, Ashbel P. — He was Governor of In- 
 diana from 1857 until his death in 1861. 
 
 Willard, Charles W. — He was bom in Lyn- 
 don, Caledonia County, Vermont, June 18, 1837 ; 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1851 ; studied 
 law and came to the bar at Montpelier in 1853 ; was 
 elected Secretary of State in 1855, and declined a re- 
 election ; was elected a State Senator in 1860 ; became 
 the editor, in 1861, of the Green Mountain Freeman ; 
 and in 1868, he was elected a Representative from 
 Vermont to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Foreign Affairs and Revolutionary 
 Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, 
 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolution- 
 ary Pensions and War of 1813. 
 
 Willard, George. — He was born in Bolton, Ver- 
 mont, March 30, 1834 ; received a liberal education ; 
 was a Professor for two years in Kalamazoo College ; 
 was editor and publisher of the Buttle Creek Journal; 
 a member of the Michigan Board of Education from 
 1857 to 1863 ; made Regent of the University in 1863 ; 
 was a member of the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion ; was a Delegate to the National Republican Con- 
 vention in 1873, and elected to the Forty-third and 
 Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees 
 on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, and Civil SerWce. 
 
 Willard, John. — Born in 1792 ; adopted the 
 profession of law ; in 1836 became a Judge and Vice- 
 Chancellor of the Circuit Court of New York ; in 1847 
 he was chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 State for eight years ; in 1861 elected to the State 
 Senate, and prepared the Act of 1863, restoring the 
 death penalty and repealing all former statutes on 
 that subject. Died at Saratoga, September 1, 1863. 
 
 Willard. JohnD. — He graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1819 ; came to the bar in New Y'ork in 
 1823 ; was tor several years Judge of the Circuit 
 Court ; subsequently a member of the State Senate ; 
 was made a Doctor of Laws by his cdma mater ; and 
 died in Troy, October 9, 1864. He left a legacy of 
 $10,000 to Dartmouth College. 
 
 Willey, C'alrin. — Born at East Haddam, Con- 
 necticut, September 15, 1776 ; he read law, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1798 ; he served in the State 
 
lOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 465 
 
 Legislature and Senate a number of years, and was 
 Postmaster at Stafford Springs eight years ; Judge of 
 Probate for seven years ; in 1824 he was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector ; and a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 
 1831. He died at Stafford, Connecticut, August 33, 
 1858. 
 
 Jf'iUey, Waifman T. — Was bom on Buffalo 
 Creek, Monongalia County, Virginia, October 18,1811 ; 
 received a common-school education, and graduated 
 at Madison College in 1831 ; studied law, and came 
 to the bar in 1833 ; in 1841 he was elected Clerk of 
 the Monongalia Count)' Court ; subsequently Clerk of 
 the Circuit Court, holding the two fourteen years ; in 
 1850 he was elected to the Convention to Reform the 
 Constitution of Virginia ; in 1853 he delivered a se- 
 ries of lectures on Methodism, took part in various 
 local societies, lectured on various topics, and wrote 
 for the Reviews ; in 1858 he was a Delegate to the 
 "National Convention" of that year; in the winter 
 of 1860 and 1861 he was a Delegate to the "Rich- 
 mond Convention ; " and in 18G1 he was elected by 
 the reorganized Legislature of Virginia, a Senator in 
 Congress ; and at the close of that year was a Dele- 
 gate to the Wheeling " Constitutional Convention ; " 
 and in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 West Virginia, serving on the Committees on Naval 
 Affairs, the District of Columbia, and Engrossed Bills. 
 In 1863 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him 
 by Alleghany College of Pennsylvania. In 1864 he 
 was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing 
 in 1865 and ending in 1871, serving as Chairman of 
 the Committee on Patents and the Patent OiBce, and 
 also of that on Claims. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. 
 
 WilUants, AlpJieiis S. — Bom in Saybrook, Con- 
 necticut, September 20, 1810 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1831, and then traveled two years in Europe ; 
 settled in Detroit, Michigan, in 1836, and there prac- 
 ticed law ; from 1840 to 1844 was Judge of Probate 
 for Wayne County ; was also Recorder of the City of 
 Detroit, and from 1843 to 1847 he was the proprietor 
 and editor of the Detroit Daily Adtertiser. He served 
 through the Mexican War as Lieutenant-Colonel ; in 
 1849 was appointed Postmaster of Detroit by Presi- 
 dent Taj'lor. Wlien the war began he was made Ma- 
 jor-General of Militia, and was President of the State 
 Military Board ; he was subsequently appointed a 
 Brigadier-General in the national army, and per- 
 formed much service on the upper Potomac ; had 
 command of a Division at Winchester ; was at Cedar 
 Mountain and Manassas ; after the Battle of South 
 Mountain succeeded Banks as Corps Commander ; 
 commanded the Twelfth Corps at Antietam ; was in 
 the battles of Chancellorville and Gettysburg, and 
 went through the Atlanta campaign, ^^^lile with 
 Sherman in the " March to the Sea," he n-as brevetted 
 a Major-General for gallant and meritorious services ; 
 was afterwards on duty in Arkansas, and was mus- 
 tered out in 1866. He was a Commissioner to settle 
 Military Claims for Missouri ; from 1866 to 1869 he 
 was Minister-Resident to San Salvador ; and in 1874 
 he was elected a Representative from Michigan to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 WUliamit. Andrew. — Born in Canada, August 
 27, 1828 ; received a common-school education ; be- 
 gan business as a manufacturer of bloom iron, in 
 1855, in which he has since largely engaged. He is a 
 director in the New York and Canada Railroad ; and 
 never held any public office until elected Representa- 
 tive from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 TJ'iltifinin, Archibald. — He was born in Ken- 
 tucky ; settled in Illinois ; and was appointed Judge 
 of the United States Court for the District of Kansas, 
 residing at Topeka. 
 
 ll'iHionift, Settjdntht. — He was a native of 
 North Carolina ; a patriot of the Revolution ; and a 
 member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. He also 
 served many years in the State Legislature, and was 
 twice elected Governor of North Carolina, in 1799 and 
 1807. He died in Moore County of that State. 
 
 Williams, Charles G.—He was born in Royal- 
 ton, New York, October 18, 1829 ; received a good edu- 
 cation, and studied law at Rochester ; removed to 
 Wisconsin in 1856, and practiced his profession ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1868, and elected to the State 
 Senate for two years, and chosen President pro tern.; 
 was appointed in 1870 chaii-man of a committee to in- 
 spect the various charitable and penal institutions of 
 the State ; and elected to the Forty-third and Forty- 
 fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on 
 Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Williams. Charles Kilboiirne. — Bom at 
 
 Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 24, 1782 ; grad- 
 uated at Williams College in 1800 ;' studied law, and 
 practiced in Rutland County, Vermont. In 1812 
 served during one campaign on the Northern frontier; 
 between 1809 and 1821 was several times Representa- 
 tive, and again in 1849 ; State Attorney in 1814 and 
 1815, and Judge of the Supreme Court from 1822 to 
 1824, and from 1829 to 1842 ; Collector of Customs for 
 the District of Vermont from 1825 to 1829 ; Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court from 1843 to 1846, and ex- 
 officio Chancellor of the State ; President of tlie 
 Council of Censors in 1847 ; and Governor from 1850 
 to 1852. Received the degree of LL.D. fromMiddle- 
 burv College in 1834. Died at Rutland, Vermont, 
 March 9, 1853. 
 
 Williams, Christoj}her H. — He was bom in 
 
 Tennessee ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1837 to 1843, and again from 
 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Williams, David B. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from South Carolina from 1805 to 1809, 
 and again from 1811 to 1813, in which year he was 
 appointed by President Madison Brigadier-General. 
 He was also Governor of South Carolina from 1814 to 
 1816. 
 
 Williams, George IT. — He was bom in Colum-- 
 bia County, New York, March 23, 1823 ; received an 
 academical education in Onondaga County, studied; 
 law, and on being admitted to the bar in 1844 imme- 
 diately emigrated to Iowa ; in 1847 he was elected! 
 Judge of the first Judicial District of that State ; was 
 a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; from President Pierce ■ 
 he received, in 1853, the appointment of Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Territory of Oregon, and was reappointed 
 by President Buchanan in 1857, but resigned ; was a 
 member of the "Constitutional Convention" which, 
 preceded the formation of a State Government ; and. 
 in 1864, he was elected a Senator in Congress from 
 Oregon for the term commencing in 1865 and ending 
 in 1871, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary,, 
 on Claims, on Private Land Claims, on Finance, and ' 
 the Special Committees on the Rebellious States and' 
 Retrenchment, and as Chairman of the Committees 
 on the Expenses of the Senate and Private Land' 
 Claims. He was also a member of the National Com- 
 mittee to accompany the remains of President-Lincoln 
 to Illinois. In 1871 he was appointed a member of 
 the Commission to settle the Alabama Claims ; and in 
 1872 went into President Grant's Cabinet as Attorney- 
 General. In 1873 he was nominated for Chief Jxis- 
 tice of the United States Supreme Court, but was 
 withdrawn. Resigned in May, 1875. 
 
 Williams, Henry. — He was bom in Tatmton, 
 Massachusetts, in November, 1804 ; adopted the pro- 
 
4GG 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 fession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from tliat State from 1839 to 1841, and from 1843 to 
 1845. He was also a Senator for two years ; and a 
 Representative in the State Legislature for three 
 years. 
 
 Williams, Hezehiah. — He was bom in Wood- 
 stocls, Windsor County, Vermont ; graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1820 ; studied law ; was Register of 
 Probate from 1824 to 1838 ; a State Senator from 1839 
 to 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 Maine from 1845 to 1849. He died October 24, 1856, 
 aged fifty-eight years. 
 
 IVilUnms, Isaac, Jr. — He was a native of 
 New York ; and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State from 1814 to 1815, and from 1817 to 
 1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. 
 
 Williams, James. — Born in Philadelphia, of 
 Delaware parentage, August 4, 1825 ; attended school 
 in that city ; settled in Delaware, as a farmer, in 1844; 
 in 1856 and 1862 he w-as elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture ; in 1806, to the State Senate, and made Speaker 
 in 1869 ; was a member of the Baltimore Convention 
 of 1873 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representative 
 from Delaware to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Williams, tTaines D. — Bom in Pickaway 
 County, Ohio, January 8, 1808 ; removed with his 
 parents to Knox County, Indiana, in 1818 ; received a 
 common-school education, and engaged in the busi- 
 ness of farming and stock-raising ; was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1843, 1847, 1851, 1856, and 1868 ; 
 was elected State Senator in 1858, and served four 
 years ; re-elected in 1862 for four years, and again in 
 1870 ; was a member of the State Board of Agricul- 
 txire for seventeen years, serving four years of the 
 time as President ; in 1874 was elected a Representa- 
 tive to the Forty-fourth Congress from Indiana. In 
 December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the 
 Committee on Accounts. 
 
 Williams, ,Tan}es W. — He was a native of 
 Maryland, and was for many years a prominent mem- 
 ber of the Legislature of that State, being for a time 
 Speaker of the House of Delegates in 1839. In May, 
 1841, he was elected to Congress as a Representative, 
 and continued a member of that body until the time 
 of his death, in December, 1842. While on his way 
 to Washington, December 2, 1843, he was stricken 
 with paralysis, while in his carriage, and survived 
 the attack but a short time. His age was about fif- 
 ty-five years. 
 
 Williams, ^Tnred. — He was born in Montgom- 
 ery County. Maryland, March 4, 1766, and died in 
 Frederick County, Virginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811 
 he was elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia 
 and served a number of years ; and he was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Virginia from 1819 to 
 1825. In 1829 he was a Presidential Elector, voting 
 for General Jackson, and was appointed by the Elec- 
 toral College to transmit the vote to Washington. 
 ^Vhen not in public life, he was devoted to the pur- 
 suits of agriculture. 
 
 Williams, Jared W. — He was born in New 
 Hampshire ; graduated at Brown University in 1818; 
 settled as a lawyer in Ijancaster ; and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 
 1841 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1853 to 1854, 
 by appointment, in place of C. G. Atherton, deceased, 
 lie was Governor of New Hampshire from 1847 to 
 1849 ; served several terms in the State Legislature ; 
 and died in Lancaster, New Hampshire, September 
 39, 1864. 
 
 Williams, Jeremiall 3/".— Born in Barbour 
 County, Alabama, in April, 1829 ; graduated at the 
 University of South Carolina ; studied law and adopt- 
 ed the profession ; entered the Confederate service as 
 a major, but ill health forced him to retire ; in 1872 
 he was elected to the Legislature, but was not allowed 
 to take his seat ; and in 1874 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Con- 
 
 Williams, tJolin.—Ue was bom in Hanover 
 County, Virginia ; removed to North Carolina, and 
 was one of the first Judges under the State Constitu- 
 tion from 1777 to 1790 ; and was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from North Carolina in 1778 
 and 1779. He died in Granville County, North Caro- 
 lioa, October, 1799. 
 
 Williams, J^ohn, — He was a member of the 
 New York Senate from 1777 to 1779, and from 1783 
 to 1795, from Washington County ; of the Assembly 
 from 1781 to 1782 ; and a Representative in Congress 
 from New Y'ork, from 1795 to 1799. 
 
 Williams, John, — He was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1823, and was 
 highly respected for his talents and character. He 
 died at KuoxvUle, August 7, 1837. 
 
 Williams, ,Tohn, — He was a citizen of Tennes- 
 see, and in 1825 was appointed Charge d'Affaires to 
 Central America, where he remained only about one 
 year, and returned to the United States. 
 
 Willinnis, •John. — He was bom in Utica in 
 1807 ; resided for a time in Sacketts Harbor, and then 
 removed to Rochester in 1824 ; although generally 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits, he was, in 1842, 
 chosen an Alderman of Rochester, in 1852 elected 
 Mayor of the City, and was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from 1855 to 1857. In 1871 he was made City 
 Treasurer, and re-elected in 1873 and 1875, and died 
 in Rochester, March 26, 1875. He always took a great 
 interest in military affairs, was made a Major-General 
 of militia, and rendered good service, during the Re- 
 bellion, in raising troops for the War. 
 
 Willinnis, John M. S. — He was born in Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, August 14, 1818 ; was well educated 
 in Boston ; a merchant and shipowner ; a member of 
 the State House of Representatives in 1856, and of 
 the Senate in 1858 ; a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; 
 and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Post-Office and Post-Roads, and 
 Department of State. 
 
 Williams, Jonathan. — Born in Boston in 1752; 
 received a good education ; was first in a counting- 
 house, and then made several commercial voyages to 
 the West Indies and to Eurojje. He was a nephew 
 of Dr. Franklin, and was kindly received by him in 
 England in 1770 and 1773, and was intrusted with 
 letters of political importance. He was in Fi'ance in 
 1777, and was appointed United States Commercial 
 Agent, and in 1785 returned with Franklin to the 
 United States. He was several years a Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, in Philadelphia ; was ap- 
 pointed Major of Artillery in 1801, and Inspector of 
 Fortifications ; and was Superintendent of West Point 
 Academy ; was Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers in 
 1803 ; Colonel from 1808 to 1812 ; General of New 
 York Militia from 1813 to 1815 ; was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Philadelphia in 1814 ; was 
 Vice-President of the American Philosophical Society. 
 He was the author of a work "On the Use of the 
 Thermometer in Navigation," 1799; "Elements of 
 Fortification," 1801; "Kosciusko's Movements for 
 
BIOQEAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 4G7 
 
 Horse Artillerv," 1808. 
 16, 1815. 
 
 Died in PhOadelphia, May 
 
 Williams, Joseph. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Iowa, and in 1838 he was appointed a United States 
 Judge for that Territory. He was subsequently ap- 
 pointed to the same office in Kansas. 
 
 IFilliains, Joseph H. — He was born in Maine, 
 and was Governor of that State from 1857 to 1858. 
 
 Williams, Joseph i.— He was born in Tennes- 
 see, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1837 to 1843. 
 
 Williams, Joseph i. — He was born in Tennes- 
 see, and was appointed from that State an Associate- 
 Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of 
 Dakota, residing at Yankton. 
 
 Williams, Lemuel. — He graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1765, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
 gress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1805. He died 
 in 1827. 
 
 Williams, Lewis. — Bom in Surry County, North 
 Carolina ; graduated at the University of North Caro- 
 lina in 1808 ; entered the House of Commons of his 
 native State in 1813 ; was re-elected in 1814 ; and was 
 a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1842, 
 where, for his many good qualities and his long ser- 
 vice, he was known as the " Father of the House." 
 He died in Washington, while representing his State 
 in Congress, February 23, 1842, aged nearly sixty 
 years. He was, for fifteen years, Chairman of the 
 Committee on Claims. 
 
 Williams, 3Iarma(luke, — Bom April 6, 1772, 
 in Caswell County, North Carolina ; he was a lawyer 
 by profession, and served as a Representative in Con- 
 gre.ss from his native State from 1803 to 1809. In 
 1810 he removed with his family to Madison Coun- 
 ty, Alabama, and thence to Tuscaloosa in 1818. He 
 was repeatedly elected to the Legislature, and was a 
 Delegate from Tuscaloosa Coiinty to the Convention 
 which formed the State Constitution. Was a candi- 
 date for Governor, but defeated by William W. Bibb. 
 In 1826 was appointed a Commissioner to adjust the 
 unsettled accounts between Alabama and Mississippi, 
 growing out of their territorial relationship. In 1832 
 was elected Judge of the Coimty Court, which office 
 he held until April, 1842, when he resigned, having 
 attained the age of seventy, which the Constitution 
 declares a disqualification for the bench. He died in 
 Tuscaloosa, October 29, 1850. 
 
 Williams, Nathan. — He was born in New 
 York ; served in the State Assembly from Onondaga 
 in 1816, 1817, and 1818 ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807. 
 
 Williams, Iteiiel. — Born in Hallowell (now Au- 
 gusta), Maine, June 2, 1783 ; had an academic educa- 
 cation, and was a lawyer by profession. He was a 
 Representative and Senator in the Legislature of 
 Maine for twelve years, and a Senator in Congress 
 from 1837 to 1843. He received, from Bowdoin Col- 
 lege, the degree of LL D., and was a Trustee of that 
 institution. He was a Presidential Elector in 1836. 
 Died at Augusta in 1862. 
 
 Williams, Robert. — He was born in Caswell 
 County, Nortli Carolina, and bred to the law. He was 
 the brother of Marmaduke Williams, and distin- 
 guished for his attainments; was an Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral of North Carolina, and a Representative in Con- 
 gress from that State from 1797 to 1803, and was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner of Land Titles in Mississippi 
 
 Territory in 1803. He was also Governor of the Ter- 
 ritory of Mississippi from 1805 to 1809. He emigrat- 
 ed to Tennessee towards the close of his life and died 
 in Louisiana. 
 
 Williams, Samuel Wells. — Bom at Utica, 
 New York. September, 1812 ; studied at the Rensse- 
 laer School, Troy ; went in 1833 to China as a printer 
 for the Missionary Board at Canton, and assisted in 
 editing the Chint'se Repository. In 1837, while on a 
 voyage to or from Japan, lie obtained from some 
 shipwrecked Japanese a knowledge of their lan- 
 guage, translated a treatise on smelting copper from 
 the original, and made a version of the Book of Gen- 
 esis and tlie Gospel of St. Mattliew into Japanese. 
 He contributed to the Chinene C/iri/stoiaiithy ; i>iib- 
 lished "Easy Lessons in Chinese," " Englksh and Chi- 
 nese Vocabulary," and a "Chinese Commercial 
 Guide." Returned to New York in 1845 and published 
 "The Middle Kingdom." From 1848 to 1851 he ed- 
 ited the Chinese liepository at Canton ; in 1853 
 and 1854 was interpreter to Commodore Perry's Japan 
 Expedition ; in 1855 was Secretary and Interpeter to 
 the LTnited States legation ; frequently served as 
 Charge d'Affaires ; in 1856 published " Tonic Diction- 
 ary of the Chinese Language ; " in 1858 assisted in 
 the negotiations at Tientsen ; in 18.59 went to Pekin 
 to exchange tlie ratifications, and in 1860 lectured be- 
 fore the Smithsonian Institution and elsewhere in 
 the United States. Received the degree of LL.D. 
 from Union College in 1850 ; returned to New York 
 in 1875, his last work before leaving China having 
 been to publish a " Syllabic Dictionary of the Chi- 
 nese Language." 
 
 Williams, Sherrod. — He was born in Ken 
 tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1835 to 1841. 
 
 Williams, Thomas. — Was born in Greens- 
 burg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, August 
 28, 1806; graduated at Dickinson College in 1825; 
 studied law, and came to the bar in 1828 ; settled in 
 Pittsburg, from whicli place he was sent, as Senator 
 to the State Legislature in 1838, and the three follow- 
 ing years ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the lower 
 house of the Legislature ; and in 1862 he was elected 
 a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 eightli Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, and on 
 Coinage, Weights and Measures ; re-elected to the 
 Fortieth Congress, serving on his old committees, and 
 was one of the Managers of the Impeachment of An- 
 drew Johnson. 
 
 Williams, Thomas Hill. — Was a native of 
 North Carolina, and read law, but relinquished the 
 profession for a clerk-^hip in the War Department at 
 Washington. In 1805 he was appointed, by Presi- 
 dent Jefferson, Register of the Land Office, and Com- 
 missioner for deciding Land Claims in the Territory 
 of Mississippi; he subsequently held the office for a few 
 years of Collector of New Orleans; and was a Senator 
 in Congress from Mississippi from 1817 to 1831. Late 
 in life he removed to Tennessee, and there died. 
 
 Williams, Thomas H. — He emigrated to the 
 northern part of Mississippi soon after the session of 
 Indian territory in that quarter, and held the office of 
 a Senator in Congress from Mississippi, during the 
 years 1838 and 1839, by executive appointment. 
 
 Williams, Thomas Scott. — Born at Wethers- 
 field, Connecticut, June 26, 1777 ; gr»duated at Yale 
 Col lege in 1794 ; studied law at Litchfield ; was admit- 
 ted to the bar in Windham County in 1799, and com- 
 menced practice at Mansfield, whence he removed to 
 
468 
 
 BIOQRAPniCAL ANNALS. 
 
 Hartford in 1803. In 1809 lie was iippointed Attor- 
 ney of tlie Board of Managers of the School Fund. 
 He represented the town of Hartford in the General 
 Assembly for seven terms, from 1813 to 1829 ; and 
 was elected a Representative iu Congress from Con- 
 necticut from 1817 to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed 
 an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, 
 and in 1834 was appointed Chief Justice, and in the 
 same year he received the degree of LL. D. from 
 Yale College. He was Mayor of the City of Hartford 
 from 1831 to 1835. In 1847 he resigned his position 
 as Chief Justice, his term having expired by consti- 
 tutional limitation. He was for twenty years Presi- 
 dent of the American Asylum for tlie Deaf and 
 Dumb, and Vice-President for a long time of the In- 
 sane Retreat at Hartford, and of tlie Board of Foreign 
 Missions, and subsequently President of the Ameri- 
 can Tract Society. He lived in retirement at Hart- 
 ford, until December 15, 1861, when he died, leaving 
 a much-loved name for his benevolence. Elector in 
 1848. 
 
 Williams, Tlionias W, — Born in Stonington, 
 Connecticut, t^eptember 28, 1789 ; was educated a-t 
 Plainiield and Stonington Academies; received a com- 
 mercial education in New York City, and was en- 
 gaged in mercantile business in New London, Con. 
 necticut, for many years. He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Connecticut from 1839 to 1843 ; a 
 memlier of the Legislature in 1846 : and chosen 
 Presidential Elector in 1848.. 
 
 Williams, William, — He was born in Leba- 
 non, Windham County, Connecticut, April 8, 1731 ; 
 graduated at Harvard University iu 1751 ; in 1755 he 
 was commissioned as a Staff Officer, and after one 
 campaign among the Indians, returned home and 
 commenced the mercantile business. Soon after he 
 was elected Town Clerk, a member of the Assembly 
 of Connecticut, and a Justice of the Peace, and was, 
 for nearly one hundred sessions, member. Clerk, or 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. At the 
 commencement of the war he was a member of the 
 Council of Safety ; was one of the signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence ; and a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778, and again in 
 1783 and 1784. When the Government Treasury was 
 drained, he gave to his country what he called his 
 " last mite," which amounted to more than two 
 thousand dollars, and he was very fortunate in ob- 
 taining donations from others. For forty years he 
 held the more honorable local offices of his town and 
 county, and was a member of the Convention which 
 formed the first Constitution of Connecticut. Died 
 August 3, 1811, greatly lamented. 
 
 Williams, William. — He was born near Car- 
 lisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, May 11, 
 1831 ; received a good English education ; adopted 
 the profession of law, and on removing to Indiana, 
 was chosen Treasurer of Kosciusko County in 1850 ; 
 in 1853 was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for 
 Lieutenant-fioveruorof the State ; in 1800 he was cho- 
 sen by the Legislature Director of the Northern In- 
 diana State Prison ; in 1863 he was- commissioned by 
 the Governor, Commandant of Camp Allen, with the 
 rank of Colonel ; in 1804 he was appointed an ad- 
 ditional Paymaster of the United States ; and in 
 1866 was elected a Representative from Indiana to 
 the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the District of Columbia, Expenditures in the War 
 Department, and Education in the District of Colum- 
 bia. Re-elected., to the three following congresses, 
 serving on various committees. 
 
 Williams, William. — He was born in Bolton, 
 Connecticut, September 6, 1815 ; received a good 
 education; became a banker and railroad president; 
 
 elected to the Legislature of New York in 1866 and 
 1867 ; and to the Forty-second Congress, serving on 
 the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Territories, 
 and District of Columbia. 
 
 Williams, William B, — He was born in Pitts- 
 ford, New York, July 28, 1836 ; graduated at the 
 State and National Law School at Ballston Spa, iu 
 1851 ; admitted to the bar in 1851 ; removed to Michi- 
 gan in 1855; was elected Judge of Probate in 1850 
 and 1860; was elected to the State Senate in 1866 and 
 1868, President pj'o tc7n. in 1869 ; elected to the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of 1807 ; appointed in 1871 a 
 member of the Board for the Supervisory Control of 
 the Charitable, Penal, and Beneficiary Institutions of 
 the State ; and was elected to the Forty-third and 
 Forty-fourtli Congresses, serving on the ('ouimittees 
 on the Pacific Railroad, and Revolutionary Pensions. 
 
 Williamson, George. — He was a citizen of 
 Louisiana, and in 1873 was appointed Minister-Resi- 
 dent to Costa Rica, and also accredited to Guate- 
 mala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Honduras, but re- 
 turned home in 1874. 
 
 Williamson, Htlf/h, — Born in Pennsylvania, 
 December 5, 1735, and died suddenly, May 22, 1819. 
 He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1757 ; studied divinity, and preached two years ; in 
 1760 was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the 
 University of Pennsylvania ; resigned in 1764, and 
 went to Edinburgh to study medicine ; on his return, 
 iu 1773, settled in practice in his profession in Phila- 
 delphia ; he again visited Europe, and had much to 
 do with matters connected with the Revolution ; he 
 subsequently engaged in commercial pursuits, and 
 an accident took him to Edenton, North Carolina. 
 With that State he was long and honorably identi- 
 fied. He served a number of years in the Hou.se of 
 Commons; also in the Continental Congress from 
 1782 to 1785, and froin 1787 to 1788 ; was a Delegate 
 to the Convention which formed the Constitution of 
 United States, and signed the same ; was a Rejiresent- 
 ative in Congress from North Carolina from 1790 to 
 1793 ; and was one of tliose who voted for locating 
 the seat of Government on the Potomac. In 1811 he 
 published a work on the Climate of America ; in 
 1813, a History of North Carolina; and he was asso- 
 ciated with DeWitt Clinton, in 1814, in forming the 
 Literary and Philosophical Society of New York. He 
 enjoyed the respect of all who knew him, and died 
 universally lamented. 
 
 Williamson, Isaac JT.— Born in Elizabetli- 
 town. New Jersey, in 1769 ; had a common-school 
 education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1791 ; wa," Prosecuting Attorney for Morris County. 
 In 1817 he was a member of the Assembly, and was 
 Governor and Chancellor of the State from 1817 to 
 1839, and President of the State Constitutional Con- 
 vention of 1844. Received the degree of LL.D. from 
 New Jersey College in 1839. Died in Elizabethtown, 
 July 10, 1844. 
 
 Williamson, John G. A, — In 1835 lie was 
 appointed Charge d'Affaires to Caraccas, and died in 
 that country August 7, 1840. 
 
 Williamson, William, D. — Born in Canter- 
 bury, Connecticut, July 31, 1779 ; graduated at 
 Blown University in 1804 ; studied and adopted law 
 as a profession, commencing practice in 1807, at Ban- 
 gor ; he was for seven years in the Senate of Massa- 
 chusetts, before the separation of Maine, also Sena- 
 tor in the Maine Legislature in 1821 ; part of that year 
 Acting Governor of Maine ; a member of Congress 
 from Maine from 1821 to 1823 ; a Judge of Probate 
 from 1827 to 1840 ; and a Bank Commissioner from 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALI 
 
 469 
 
 1838 to 1841. He was author, also, of a History of 
 Maine. Died at Baiigor, May 27, 1846. 
 
 JVilUe, Asa H. — He was born in Washington, 
 Georgia, October 11, 1829; removed to Washington 
 County, Texas, in 1846, and studied law; was relieved 
 of the disability of non-age, and admitted to the bar 
 in 1848, and commenced the practice of law ; was 
 elected in 1853 Attorney of the Third District of Tex*- 
 as ; served in the Confederate Army during the war ; 
 was elected in 1866 one of the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court of Texas, and held that office until 1867, when 
 he was removed by the military authorities ; and 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 
 Committee on Commerce. 
 
 Willing, Thomas. — He was one of the first to 
 talk about resisting the British in Pennsylvania; was 
 Chairman of a Revolutionary meeting in June, 1774 ; 
 and he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 
 1775 and 1776. 
 
 Willis, Senjamin A, — Born in Roslyn, Queens 
 County, Long Island, in 1840 ; graduated at Union 
 College in 1861, and was at once admitted to the bar ; 
 in 1862 he entered the army as Captain of a company 
 raised at his own ex)ieuse, which was assigned to the 
 One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, New York 
 Volunteers ; lie participated in the battles of Chan- 
 cellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, and 
 Wanhatchen, and was twice promoted ; in 1864 was 
 honoralily discharged, and resumed the practice of 
 law in New York City ; was an advocate of Reform, 
 and opened the correspondence in opposition to Tam- 
 many Hall, which culminated in its overthrow ; he is 
 a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and 
 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress from New York. 
 
 Willis, Francis, — He was born in Frederick 
 County, Virginia, January 5, 1725 ; received a good 
 education, and, removing to Georgia in 1784, he was 
 a Representative in ("ongress from that State from 
 1791 to 1793. In 1811 he took up his residence in 
 Tennessee, and led the lite of a retired gentleman. 
 He died in Maury County, Tennessee, January 25, 
 1829. 
 
 Willosfon, Lorenzo P. — He was born in New 
 York ; removed to Pennsylvania and was appointed 
 from that State an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for the Territory of Dakota. 
 
 Willoughby, Wcstel, Jr. — He was a Represent- 
 ative in Congress from New York from 1816 to 
 1817. 
 
 Wilmot, David. — Born at Bethany, Wayne 
 County, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814. He was 
 educated at Bethany Academy, and at Aurora, Cayuga 
 County, New York ; read law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1834 ; he was a member of Congress from 
 1845 to 1851 ; and subsequently President Judge of 
 the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, 
 which position he resigned, but to which he was re- 
 elected. He was the author of a slavery proviso, 
 which caused some excitement in Congress when he 
 was a member. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in 
 Congress, where he remained until 1863, serving on 
 the Committees on Foreign Affairs, on Claims, and 
 on Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace 
 Congress" of 1861. In 1863 he was appointed, by 
 President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims; 
 and died iu Towanda, Pennsylvania, March 16, 
 
 Wilshire, William TF.— Born in Gallatin 
 County, Illinois, September 8, 1830 ; received a com- 
 
 mon-school education, and studied law ; served as a 
 Major of Volunteers in the war for the Union, and 
 was at the siege of Vicksburg ; after the war he set- 
 tled at Little Rock, Arkansas, and entered on the 
 practice of his profession ; in 1867 he was appointed 
 Solicitor-General of the State ; in 1868 Chief-Justice 
 of one of the State courts, remaining in office until 
 1871 ; was a candidate for the Forty-third Congress, 
 and declared elected by the Secretary of State, but 
 not admitted to the seat he claimed ; and in 1874 he 
 was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Wilson, Alexander. — He was a Reiiresentative 
 in Congress from Virginia from 1804 to 1809. 
 
 Wilson , Senjaniin. — Born in Harrison County, 
 Virginia (now W est Virginia), April 30, 1825 ; re- 
 ceived an academic education ; attended the law 
 school at Staunton, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1848 ; was Attorney for the Commonwealth in Har- 
 rison County from 1852 to 1860 ; was a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1861 ; 
 was Presidential Elector for the State at Large in 
 1868; was a member of the Constitutional Convention 
 of West Virginia in 1871 ; was a Delegate to the 
 Convention at Baltimore in 1872 ; and was elected a 
 Representative from West Virginia to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Wilson, Edgar C. — He was a native of Virgin- 
 ia, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State from 1833 to 1835. Died at Morgantown, Vir- 
 ginia, in May, 1860. Son of Thomas Wilson of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Wilson, Ephraim K. — He was born Decem- 
 ber 32, 1831, in Maryland; graduated at Jefferson 
 College, Pennsylvania, in 1841 ; studied law at Snow 
 Hill, his birthplace, and practiced the profession ; 
 was a member of the Legislature in 1847 ; a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1853, and elected to the Forty-third 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures. 
 
 Wilson, Eugene M. — Born in Morgan County, 
 Virginia, December 25, 1833 ; graduated at Jefferson 
 College in 1852 ; studied law, and removed to Minne- 
 sota in 1855 ; was United States District Attorney for 
 Minnesota from 1857 to 1861 ; served as a Captain in 
 the war for the Union ; and was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Minnesota to the Forty-first Congress, serv- 
 ing on the Committees on Public Lands, and the Pa- 
 cific Railroads. His father, Edgar C. Wilson, his 
 grandfather, Thomas Wilson of Virginia, and his 
 great-grandfather, Isaac Griffin, were all Represent- 
 atives in Congress. 
 
 Wilson, E. K. — He graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1789 ; was a Presidential Elector iu 1804 ; and 
 was a Representative in Congress from Maryland 
 from 1837 to 1831. 
 
 Wilson, Henry. — He was born in Dauphin 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State, from 1823 to 1826. Died in 
 Allentown, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1826. 
 
 Wilson, JfTenri/. — Born February 16, 1813, in 
 Farmington, New Hampshire ; was brought up on a 
 farm ; and when twenty-one went to Natick, Massa- 
 chusetts, where he learned to make shoes. In 1840 
 he was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, 
 in which he served four years, and then four years in 
 the State Senate, of which he was President two ses- 
 sions. In 1848 he became the proprietor and editor 
 of the Boston Republican; in 1852 he was the Free 
 Soil candidate for Congress, but was defeated ; iu 
 
J 70 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 1853 he was a member of the " State Constitutional 
 Convention," and has since then taken an active part 
 in political Conventions ; and in 1855 he was elected 
 a Senator in Congress, and was re-elected in 1859 for 
 a long term. From 1843 to 1851 he was actively con- 
 nected with the Militia of Massachusetts as Major, 
 Colonel, and Brigadier-General. In 1861 he raised the 
 Twenty-second Regiment of Massachusetts Volun- 
 teers, of which he became Colonel, and after joining 
 the army of the Potomac, was made a member of 
 General McClellan's staff, on which he served until 
 the meeting of Congress. From the commencement 
 of the war he was Chairman of the Committee on 
 Military Affairs, which had to pass on eleven thou- 
 sand appointments, and to devise most important 
 measures of legislation during the Rebellion. In 
 1856 he was challenged by Preston Brooks, of South 
 Carolina, for pronouncing his assault on Senator Sum- 
 ner " murderous, brutal, and cowardly ; " but he re- 
 plied that, while believing in the right of self-defense, 
 he declined the challenge, as duelling, in his opin- 
 ion, was a violation of law, and the relic of a barbar- 
 ous age. He was again re-elected to the Senate for 
 the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, 
 and wa< made Chairman of the Committee on Pen- 
 sions, though continuing at the head of the Military 
 Committee, and serving on the Committee of Appro- 
 priations. He published a work entitled " Anti- 
 slavery Measures in Congress," and a " History of the 
 Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses," as well 
 as one on the Congressional measures connected with 
 the prosecution of the war for the Union. He was the 
 originator of the bill for abolishing slavery in the 
 District of Columbia, and also that establishing the 
 American Academy of Sciences. He was also one of 
 the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the 
 funeral of General Scott in 1866 ; and he was also a 
 Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. In 1872 he was elected Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the United States on the ticket with U. S. 
 Grant ; and he died in Washington City, November 
 23, 1875. The name of his father was Colbath, but 
 having been adopted in early life by a man named 
 Wilson, he preferred to take that name as his own. 
 
 Wilson, Hiram V. — He was a Judge of the 
 United States District Court for the State of Ohio for 
 many years, and died at Cleveland, November 11, 
 1866. 
 
 IVilson, Isaac. — During the War of 1812 he 
 commanded a company of cavalry, and was in some of 
 the severest actions on the Northern frontier. He was 
 subsequently elected a member of the Assembly of 
 New York, and also of the Senate. He was elected a 
 Representative in Congress in 1833, and at the end of 
 his term, his seat having been successfully contested 
 by P. Adams, was appointed first Judge of Genesee 
 County, and held it until his removal to Batavla, Illi- 
 nois, where he died October 35, 18-18. 
 
 Wilson, James. — Bom near St. Andrews, Scot- 
 land, in 1742 ; received a classical education, and had 
 for tutors Doctors Blair and Watts ; emigrated to 
 Philadelphia in 1766, and became tutor in the college 
 of that city ; adopted the profession of law, and re- 
 moved to Reading, and soon afterwards to Carlisle ; 
 lived a year in Marj-land, and then settled in Phila- 
 delphia ; was an active member of a war convention 
 in 1773 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress 
 from 1775 to 1778, in 1783 and 1783, and from 1785 to 
 1787 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence ; on the commencement of hostilities he was ap- 
 pointed a Colonel in the army, and was a Commis- 
 sioner to treat with the Indians. \\Tien not in Con- 
 gxeis he acted as Advocate-General for the French 
 nation ; was a Director in the Bank of North America ; 
 Vk'Xi :i inoober of the Convention to form the Federal 
 
 Constitution, and signed that instrument ; also of that 
 to alter the Constitution of Pennsylvania. In 178ij he 
 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States ; in 1790 he was appointed Law Profes- 
 sor in the University of Philadeljihia ; received the 
 degree of LL.D. ; and died on August 28, 1798, in 
 Edenton, North Carolina, while upon a visit to that 
 place. His writings on Politics and Jurisprudence 
 etijoy a high reputation. He was the man who pro- 
 posed that the President and Vice-President should 
 be chosen in each State by Colleges of Electors. 
 
 Wilson, James, — Born in 1757 ; graduated at 
 Harvard University in 1789 ; was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; and a Representative in Congress from New 
 Hampshire from 1809 to 1811. He died at Keene, 
 New Hampshire, January 4, 1839. 
 
 Wilson, .Tames. — He was born in York County, 
 now Adams County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1779 ; 
 received a good English education ; in his fourteenth 
 year he was bound to learn the trade of a cabinet- 
 maker in Maryland ; from 1811 to 1832 he was a Jus- 
 tice of the Peace ; and was a Representative from 
 Pennsylvania to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and 
 Twentieth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Com- 
 mittee on Claims. Soon after returning to private 
 life he was again elected a Justice of the Peace, the 
 duties of which office he continued to fill until 1859. 
 It is said of him that he never solicited a vote for an 
 office, nor attended a political meeting to promote his 
 own advancement. 
 
 Wilson, •James. — He was born in New Hamp- 
 shire ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1820 ; was 
 Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 
 1828, and in the Legislature a number of years ; prac- 
 ticed law at Keene ; was a General of Militia ; and a 
 Representative in Congress from New Hampshire 
 from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently settled in Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Wilson, James. — He was born in Crawfords- 
 ville, Montgomery County, Indiana, April 9, 1822 ; 
 graduated at Wabash College in 1842 ; was admitted 
 to the bar in 1845 ; went to Mexico in 1846 as a pri- 
 vate in the Indiana regiment, and before his return 
 home was promoted to the office of Quartermaster ; 
 and was elected a Representative from Indiana to the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Elections. He was also re-elected to the 
 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Navai iVffairs. In 1866 he was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Johnson, Minister Resident to Venezuela. Died 
 in August, 1867. 
 
 inison, .James. — He was born in Ayrshire, 
 Scotland, August 16, 1835 ; came to America in 1851 ; 
 received a liberal education, and became a farmer ; 
 was a member of the State Legislature from 1867 to 
 1873, and Speaker two sessions ; was a Regent of the 
 State University ; and elected to the Forty-third and 
 Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on 
 Agriculture and War Claims. 
 
 Wilson, James F, — Was born in Newark, 
 Ohio, October 19, 1828 ; resided there until 1853, 
 when he removed to Iowa ; in 1856 was elected a 
 member of the Convention to revise the State Consti- 
 tution ; in 1857 he was appointed by the Governor of 
 the State, Assistant Commissioner of the Des Moines 
 River Improvement ; in 1857 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; in 1839 he was elected to the State 
 Senate, and in 1861 was President of the Senate; during 
 that year he was elected a Representative from Iowa to 
 the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term 
 of S. R. Curtis ; and re elected to the Thirty-eighth 
 Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 471 
 
 Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 continuing' at the hoad of the Judiciary Committee, 
 serving as Chairman also of that on Unfinished Busi- 
 ness, and as a member of the Committee on the Air- 
 line Railroad to New York. Re-elected to the Forti- 
 eth Congress, serving on his old Committees ; and 
 was one of the Managers of the Impeachment trial of 
 Andrew Johnson. In 1869 he was appointed a Com- 
 missioner for the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Wilson, Jntnes J, — Born in Essex County, 
 New Jersey ; for many years editor of the True 
 American, at Trenton ; and he was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from New Jersey from 1813 to 1821, when he 
 resigned, and was apppointed Postmaster at Trenton, 
 New Jersey. He was also for many years Clerk of 
 the State Assembly, and died July 28, 1834. He was 
 also at one time Adjutant-General of the State, and 
 always a man of influence, 
 
 If'ifson, tTeremiah M. — He was born in War- 
 ren County, Ohio, November33, 1838 ; received a good 
 education ; studied and practiced law ; was Judge of 
 Common Pleas from 1860 to 1863 ; Judge of the Cir- 
 cuit Court from 1863 until elected to the Forty- 
 second Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-third, 
 serving on the Committee on the Judiciary and as 
 Chairman of that on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Wifsou, John, — He was born in 1777; gradu- 
 ated at Harvard University in 1799 ; studied law, and 
 attained a high position in his profession ; and was a 
 Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 
 1813 to 1816, and from 1817 to 1818. He died at Bel- 
 fast, Maine, July 9, 18-18. 
 
 Wilson, John, — He was born in York District, 
 South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from that State, from 1831 to 1837 ; also a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1809. 
 
 Wilson, John, — He was born in Ireland, and the 
 brother of Joseph S. Wilson. Settled in Washington 
 at an early age ; long held a clerkship in the Post- 
 Office and Treasury Department ; was Commissioner 
 of the General Land Office from 1853 to 1856 ; and in 
 1864 he was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury, 
 holding the position several years. He was at one 
 time extensively associated with the railroad interests 
 of Illinois ; but subsequently settled in Washington 
 City, as a claim agent and attorney. Died in Wash- 
 ington, January, 1876, aged sixty-eight years. 
 
 Wilson, •Tohn Z,.— He was a native of South 
 Carolina, and Governor of the State from 1833 to 
 1824. 
 
 Wilson, John T, — He was born in Highland 
 County, Ohio, April 16, 1811 ; received a common- 
 school education, and spent his youth upon a farm ; 
 was twenty-four years engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits, and then retired to a farm. In 1861 he raised 
 a company for the war, and was commissioned as its 
 Captain ; was subsequently twice elected to the Ohio 
 Senate, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the 
 Committees on Agriculture, and Roads and Canals. 
 Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- 
 gresses, serving on various Committees, and Chair- 
 man of that on Agriculture. 
 
 Wilson, Joseph S, — He was a native of Ire- 
 land, and came to Washington when a boy ; obtained 
 a position as messenger in the Treasury Department ; 
 soon became a clerk ; after the organization of the In- 
 terior Department he became chief clerk of the Gene- 
 ral Land Office, and in 1860 and also in 1866 he was 
 appointed Commissioner of that Bureau, holding the 
 
 office a number of years and rendering important 
 services to the Department generally. He was al- 
 ways fond of books, and by the unusual strength of 
 his mind became a most accomplished scholar. Died 
 in Washington. 
 
 IFilson, Knthan, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York, from 1808 to 1809. 
 
 Wilson, Hobert, — He was appointed a Senator 
 in Congress from Missouri, taking his seat in 1861, 
 and serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. 
 Continued in the position until November, 1863. He 
 was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National 
 Union Convention " of 1866. 
 
 Wilson, Sf(']>hen F, — He was bom in Columbia, 
 Bradford County, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1821 ; 
 spent his boyhood on a farm, and received his educa- 
 tion at Wellsborough Academy, where he was an assist- 
 ant teacher for one term ; he also, for a while, taught in 
 a district school at Wellsborough; studied and adopted 
 the profession of law ; was a borough assessor for 
 one year ; a school director for six years ; was a Sena- 
 tor in the State Legislature in 1863 and 1864, and 
 though returned to the State Senate, was elected a 
 Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
 tionary Claims, and Public Buildings and Grounds. 
 Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills and on that 
 on Education and Labor. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Virginia, from 1811 to 1813. Died 
 January 24, 1826. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. Died 
 at Erie, October 4, 1824, aged fifty-three years. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas S. — He was an early emigrant 
 to Iowa Territory, and in 1838 he was appointed 
 United States Judge for that District. 
 
 Wilson, William. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1814 to 1819. 
 
 Wilson, William, — He was born in Hills- 
 borough County, New Hampshire, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1837. 
 Died in the latter year, aged fifty-five years. 
 
 Winans, James January, — Born in Mays- 
 ville, Kentucky, June 7, 1818 ; removed with his 
 father to Ohio in 1819 ; he received a common-school 
 education ; worked on a farm, and acted as a clerk in 
 Ohio, and also in Kentucky, until 1837 ; studied law 
 and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1843, he was appoint- 
 ed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Greene 
 County, resigning in 1851 ; in 1857, he was elected to 
 the State Senate ; in 1863, he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative in the Legislature ; in 1864, he was elected 
 a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for two years, 
 and re-elected, in 1866, for a full term of five years ; 
 and in 1868, he was elected a Representative from 
 Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittees on Public Lands, and Revolutionary Pen- 
 sions. 
 
 Winchester, Soijfl. — He was bom in the parish 
 of Ascension, Louisiana, September 33, 1836 ; educated 
 at Centre College, Kentucky, and at the University 
 of Virginia, and graduated at the Law University in 
 Louisville, Kentucky, in 1857 ; in 1867, he was 
 elected to the Senate of that State ; was a Presiden- 
 tial Elector in 1868, and also elected a Representative 
 from Kentucky to the Forty-first and Forty-second 
 
472 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 Congresses, serving on the Committee on Roads and 
 Canals. 
 
 IFiiivhesfei; •Taniex. — -He was born in Mary- 
 land in 1756 ; was appointed Judge of tlie District 
 Court of the United States in Slaryland in 1799 ; 
 entered the army as a Colonel from Tennessee, in 
 March, 1812 ; was made a Brigadier-General in 
 March, 1813, and had command of a detachment 
 under General Harrison, and met with great disaster 
 on the River Raisin in January, 1813, when he was 
 compelled to surrender to the British forces, and 
 became a prisoner and was carried into Canada and 
 confined for about a year in Quebec, with his subor- 
 dinate officers. He was subsequently on duty in 
 Mobile, Alabama, under General Jackson. In March, 
 1815, he resigned his commission in the army, and 
 after living in retirement in Tennessee, died there 
 July 27, 1836. 
 
 IVhider, Levin. — He was appointed Major of 
 the Maryland Regiment in 1777 ; and was a Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel at the close of the Revolutionary War. 
 Prior to 1812 was Speaker of the House of Delegates, 
 and from 1812 to 1815 was Governor of Maryland ; in 
 1816 was a member of the State Senate, and was a 
 General of Militia, and Grand-Master of Masons of 
 Maryland. Died in Baltimore, July 7, 1819, aged 
 sixty-three years. 
 
 Winder, WilHnm. — He was the first man 
 appointed to take charge of the office of Fourth Aud- 
 itor, in 1798, at which time the officer was called 
 Accountant of the Navy. 
 
 Winilom, William. — Bom in Belmont County, 
 Ohio, May 10, 1827 ; received an academic education; 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850 ; 
 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Knox County in 
 1852 ; removed to Minnesota in 1853, and was elect- 
 ed a Representative from that State to the Thirty- 
 sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee 
 on Public Lands and of the Special Committee of 
 Thirty-three. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi- 
 tures ; and also to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving 
 as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and 
 of the Special Committee to visit the Indian Tribes of 
 the West in 1865. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on the Death of 
 President Lincoln, and again at the head of the Com- 
 mittee on Indian Affairs, and as Chairman of a 
 Special Committee on the Conduct of the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; 
 and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congre.ss, serving 
 on old committees. In 1870 he was appointed a 
 Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of D. S. 
 Norton, and subsequently elected for the term ending 
 in 1877, serving as Chairman of Committees on 
 Enrolled Bills, Transportation, and member of Ap- 
 propriations. 
 
 Winflelfl, Charles II.— Vie was born in Craw- 
 ford, Orange County, New York, Ajiril 22, 1822 ; 
 studied law and came to the bar in 1846 ; he was for 
 six years District Attorney for Orange County, from 
 1850 to 1856 , and in 1862 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
 Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. In 1865 he 
 was Chairman of the State " Democratic Convention " 
 previous to its final organization. In the Thirty- 
 ninth Congress he served on the Committees on 
 Foreign Affairs, and on Coinage, Weights and 
 Measures, and Ways and Means. 
 
 Wing, Austin E. — He was born in Hampshire 
 
 County, Massachusetts ; was a Delegate to Congress 
 from the Territory of Michigan from 1828 to 1833 ; 
 resided at Monroe, and was for many years a leading 
 man in all its local affairs. He died at Cleveland, 
 Ohio, August 25, 1849. 
 
 IVittg, E. liumsei/. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 in 1845 ; well educated ; adopted the profession of 
 law ; and from 1869 to 1875 he was Minister-Resi- 
 dent to Ecuador. Died in Quito, October 11, 1874. 
 He acquitted himself mth great credit in South 
 America, and was especially noticed by S. S. Cox, in 
 a speech on the floor of Congress, for his ability and 
 usefulness. 
 
 Wingate, Joseph i^.— He was born in Massa- 
 chusetts ; was a member of the Legislature of that 
 State in 1818 and 1819 ; Collector of Customs at 
 Bath, Maine, from 1820 to 1824 ; member of the Maine 
 Legislature in 1825 and 1826 ; and was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Maine from 1827 to 1831. 
 
 Wingate, Paine. — He was born at Amesbury, 
 Massachusetts, May 14, 1739 ; graduated at Harvard 
 University in 1759 ; ordained as a Congregational 
 minister at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, in 1763 ; 
 and afterwards removed to Stratham, and engaged in 
 agricultural i)ursuits. He was appointed a member 
 of Congress under the Confederation in 1787 ; after 
 the adoption of the Constitution he was elected a 
 member of the United States Senate, in 1789, and 
 served till 1793, when he was elected a Representa- 
 tive in Congress, in 1793, serving until 1795. In 1798 
 he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of 
 New Hampshire, and continued in office till May, 
 1809, when he attained the age of seventy. Hk sur- 
 vived all others who were members of the United 
 States Senate at the time of his taking his seat in 
 that body upon its first organization ; and he was for 
 .some years the oldest graduate of his college. He 
 was a man of talents and extensive information, 
 highly esteemed and respected for his character and 
 liis honorable and useful life. He died at Stratham, 
 New Hampshire, March 7, 1838. 
 
 Winlock, Joseph. — He was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and received a thorough scientific education, 
 devoting himself especially to astronomy. He was 
 for several years connected with the Coast Survey, 
 and engaged in making calculations for the Nautical 
 Almanac. In 1866 he was elected Director of the 
 Harvard College Observatory ; in 1869 had charge of 
 important observations at Shelbyville, Kentucky; 
 and in 1870 went to Spain to observe the solar eclipse 
 of that year. He achieved great success in using 
 photography for astronomical purposes, and was the 
 autlior of many meritorious publications connected 
 with his favorite science. He died at Cambridge, 
 Massachusetts, in June, 1875. 
 
 Winslow, Warren. — He was born in Fayette- 
 ville. North Carolina, January 1, 1810 ; entered 
 Chapel Hill University, and graduated in 1827 ; hav- 
 ing studied law, was soon afterwards admitted to the 
 bar. In 1854 he was appointed, by President Pierce, 
 a confidential agent to Madrid, on business connected 
 with the Black Warrior affair ; during his absence 
 abroad he was nominated for the Senate of North 
 Carolina, was elecled a member thereof, and placed 
 in the chair of Speaker ; while in that position, Gov- 
 ernor Reid was elected to the United States Senate, 
 and the duties of Governor devolved upon and were 
 performed by Mr. Winslow. He was elected to the 
 Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on 
 Naval Affairs ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
 and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of 
 the Committee on Naval Affairs, and on the Library, 
 and on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 47' 
 
 Rebpllimis States. He was offered, by President 
 Buchanan, tlie mission to Sardinia, but declined. He 
 died at Fayetteville, in 1863. 
 
 JVinston , John A, — He was Governor of Ala- 
 bama from 18.53 to 1857. 
 
 Winston, tTosejih, — Born in Virginia, in 1746. 
 In 1760 joined a company of rangers, and marched to 
 the frontier of the State ; in a battle on the Green- 
 brier, was twice wounded, and had a horse killed 
 under him ; had a pen.sion granted to him by the 
 Legislature, for his gallantry in battle ; in 1766 re- 
 moved to North Carolina ; took an active part in the 
 Revolution ; raised a regiment, and marched against 
 the Cherokee Indiana ; was appointed a Major in 
 1776, and had various actions with the forces of the 
 Tories ; commanded the right wing of the American 
 troops in the battle of King's Mountain, and for his 
 bravery had a sword voted to him by the Legislature ; 
 was elected to Congress in 1793, and again in 1803, 
 and served till 1807. He was also a Presidential 
 Elector in 1801. 
 
 Winter, Elisha JT. — He was a Representative 
 in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. 
 
 Winthfop, Robert C — Born in Boston, Jlassa- 
 chusetta. May 12, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard Col- 
 lege in 1838, and studied law with Daniel Webster. 
 He entered the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1835, 
 and was Speaker of the House from 1838 to 1840 ; 
 was a member of the United States House of Repre- 
 sentatives, from 1-840 to 1843, when he resigned on 
 account of domestic circumstances, but was re-elected 
 tlie same year, and continued in that body until 1850, 
 having been Speaker during the Congress conmienc- 
 ing in 1847. He was appointed to the Senate of the 
 United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 resignation of Mr. Webster, and served from 1850 to 
 1851. He was President of the Electoral College of 
 Massachusetts which voted for General Scott ; and 
 was President of the Historical Society of Massachu- 
 setts, and other literary and charitable associations ; 
 also President of the Commissioners chosen by the 
 City of Boston for building a Public Library. He 
 delivered the Inaugural of the Franklin Statue in 
 18.56. and also that of the Washington Monument in 
 1848. He subsequently published a " Memoir of Na- 
 than Appleton," and the "Life and Letters of John 
 Winthrop." In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to 
 the Philadelphia " National Union Convention," but 
 did not take part in its proceedings. 
 
 Wirt, Willintn, — Born in Bladensburg, Mary- 
 land, November 8, 1773, of Swiss and German pa- 
 rents ; obtained his early education at private schools ; 
 officiated for a time as a private tutor ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in 1794, practicing at Culpepper, 
 Virginia ; in 1799 he was chosen Clerk of the House 
 of Delegates ; in 1803 appointed Chancellor of the 
 Eastern District of Virginia ; in 1803 he settled in 
 Norfolk, and wrote the "British Spy;" in 1806 
 he settled in Richmond; in 1813 he wrote "The 
 Old Bachelor," and in 1817 the "Life of Patrick 
 Henry;" in 1816 he was appointed by President 
 Madison, Attorney of the United States for the Dis- 
 trict of Virginia ; in 1817 he was appointed Attorney- 
 General of the United States, holding his office until 
 1839, after which he settled in Baltimore, where he 
 died, February 18, 1834. In 1834 the degree of LL.D. 
 was conferred upon him by Harvard College. He 
 occupied a high rank as a public man and a citizen. 
 
 Wise, Henry A, — Born December 3, 1806, in 
 Drummondtown, Accomac County, Virginia ; gradu- 
 ated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, at the age 
 of nineteen; studied law, and was admitted to the 
 
 bar at Winchester, Virginia, in 1838; the same year 
 removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and practiced his 
 profession for two years, when, from local attach- 
 ment, he returned to Accomac, and became a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress, serving from 1833 to 1844, 
 when he resigned his seat for the mission to Brazil, 
 which post he occupied until the fall of 1847. He 
 was appointed Minister to France in 1843, and re- 
 signed, but the Senate did not confirm him and he 
 was immediately returned to Congress. In 1848 he 
 was one of the Presidential Electors of Virginia. In 
 1850 he was a member of the Reform Convention of 
 Virginia, which adopted the present Constitution of 
 the State. lu 18.53 he was again Presidential Elector ; 
 and in 1855 was elected Governor of Virginia, which 
 office he held until 1860. Served in the great Rebel- 
 lion as a Brigadier-General. 
 
 Wise, Tally Ji. — He was born in Virginia ; and 
 in 1843 he was appointed First Auditor of the 
 Treasury, remaining in that office until 1844. 
 
 Wisner, Henry, — He was a Delegate from New 
 York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. 
 
 Wisner, Moses. — He was bom in Aurelius, 
 Cayuga County, New York, in 1818 ; received a good 
 education ; removed to Michigan in 1839, and settled 
 upon a farm near the town of Atlas, Lapeer County ; 
 in about a year afterwards he removed to Pontiac, 
 and studied law, coming to the bar in 1843. In 1843 
 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for Lapeer 
 County ; but in 1844 resumed the practice of his 
 profession, and continued in it until 1858, when he 
 was elected Governor of the State. In 1862 he was 
 appointed a Colonel in the Volunteer Anny, and was 
 assigned to the command of the Michigan Twenty- 
 second ; and while on his way to the seat of war, he 
 was prostrated by sickness in Lexington, Kentucky, 
 where he died, January 5, 1863. He was a candidate 
 for Circuit Judge in 1852, but was defeated ; took 
 little interest in politics; was a man of fine mind, and 
 a most worthy citizen. 
 
 Witcher, John S. — He was born in Cabell 
 County, Virginia, July 15, 1839 ; reared on a farm, 
 and received a common-school education ; in 1861, he 
 was elected Clerk of the Cabell County Circuit Court; 
 entered the Volunteer Army, in 1863, as a Lieuten- 
 ant, and rose by degrees to the rank of Brigadier- 
 General, serving to the end of the war ; in 1865, he 
 was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1866, as Sec- 
 retary of State ; and in 1868 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative from West Virginia to the Forty-first 
 Congress, serving on the Committees on Military 
 Affairs, and Revolutionary Claims. 
 
 WithereU, James, — He was bom in Vermont ; 
 received a limited education and adopted the profes- 
 sion of law. From 1798 to 1803 he was a member of 
 the State Legislature ; two years a County Judge ; 
 and a State Councilor from 1803 to 1807. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from Vermont during the 
 years 1807 and 1808, and in the latter year was 
 appointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Michigan, 
 where he long resided and died. He was a man of 
 strong native powers of mind. 
 
 Withers, Hobert E. — Born in Campbell County, 
 Virginia, September 18, 1831 ; educated at a private 
 academy and the University of Virginia ; graduated 
 in medicine in 1841, and began to practice in Danville, 
 Virginia ; at the breaking out of the civil war he 
 entered the service as Major, when Virginia passed 
 the ordinance of secession, and was made Colonel of 
 the Eighteenth Virginia Regiment in 1861 ; was 
 severely wounded in the battles around Richmond in 
 1863 ; subsequently commanded the military post at 
 
474 
 
 BIOQBAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 Danville, which was surrendered to the Sixth Army 
 Corps in May. He was never a candidate for any 
 public office until after the war. In 186(i he removed 
 to Lynchburg and edited the N^ews until 18G8 ; was 
 nominated Governor, but withdrew in favor of Gov- 
 ernor Walker ; was Presidential Elector for the State 
 at Large in 1873 ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor 
 in 1873; and United States Senator for six years from 
 March 4, 1875. 
 
 Withers, T. I. — He was reputed to be one of the 
 
 ablest jurists in the South ; was for a long time 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina ; and 
 died at Sumterville in that State December 8, 1865. 
 
 Withempoon, John. — Born near Edinburgh, 
 Scotland, February 5, 172'3, and was a lineal descend- 
 ant of John Knox ; graduated at the University of 
 Edinburgh in his twenty-first year, and was licensed 
 as a preacher, assisting his father, who was also a 
 preacher ; in 1746, while witnessing the battle of 
 Falkirk, he was arrested and imprisoned ; after his 
 release, he declined a number of calls from all parts 
 of the kingdom, but in 1766, through the influence of 
 Richard Stockton, he was elected President of Prince- 
 ton College, and came to America. In this new 
 sphere he was eminently successful. At the com- 
 mencement of the Revolution he espoused the Amer- 
 ican cause, and took an active part on committees 
 and in conventions ; he was a member of the first 
 " Constitutional Convention " of Jsew Jersey in 1776 ; 
 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; and 
 a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 
 178'3, and signed the Articles of Confederation. He 
 served in the Legislature, and at the same time 
 frequently occupied the pulpit ; revisited Scotland in 
 178J ; and on his return retired to private life. Died 
 at Princeton, November 15, 1794. He left numerous 
 literary, political, and theological writings ; was dis- 
 tinguished as an orator ; and left a name that will be 
 always affectionately remembered by the people of 
 his adopted State. 
 
 Witliefspoon, Robert. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from South Carolina from 1809 to 
 1811. 
 
 Withe;/, Solomon i.— Born in St. Albans, Ver- 
 mont, April 21, 1820 ; removed to Ohio in 1835, 
 where he obtained a good English education ; and in 
 1838 he removed to Michigan and located at Grand 
 Rapids. In 1839 he began the study of law, and 
 came to the bar in 1844, and continued in practice 
 until 1863. In 1848 he was elected Judge of Probate 
 and held the office four years ; in 1860 he was elected 
 to the State Senate, and took an active part in pro- 
 moting effective legislation for putting down the 
 Rebellion ; and he was appointed by President Lin- 
 coln United States District Judge for the Western 
 District of Michigan. In December, 1869, he received 
 from President Grant a commission as Judge of the 
 Sixth United States Judicial Circuit, but declined. 
 For that position he was warmly supported by the 
 leading members of the bar in Michigan and North- 
 ern Ohio, and of all political parties, and that fact 
 alone made him reluctant to decline. In the way of 
 local positions, he is President of the First National 
 Bank of Grand Rapids. 
 
 Witte, William H. — He was born in New 
 Jersey, and having settled in Pennsylvania, was elect- 
 ed a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Wolcoft, Oliver. — He was the son of Roger 
 Wolcott, an early Governor of Connecticut, and was 
 born November 26, 1726 ; graduated at Yale College, 
 in his twenty-first year ; was immediately commis- 
 sioned to command a company to defend the frontier ; 
 
 afterward studied medicine, and in 1751 was chosen 
 Sheriff of Litchfield County. In 1774 he was ap- 
 pointed counselor, and held the office twelve years ; 
 be was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence and of the Articles of Confederation ; a 
 Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 
 1778, and from 1780 to 1784 ; as a military man he 
 rose to the grade of Major-General, and was present 
 at the capture of BurgojTie ; and in 1775 he was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the North- 
 ern Department. In 1785 he was associated with Lee 
 and Butler in negotiating a treaty with the Six Na- 
 tions ; in 1786 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of 
 Connecticut, holding the otfice ten years ; and he was 
 Governor of Connecticut from 1796 until his death, 
 which occurred in December, 1797, regretted by all 
 who knew him. 
 
 Wolf, Georfje, — He was born in Allen Town- 
 ship, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Augu.st 12, 
 1777. After pursuing a course of classical education 
 in his own county, he studied law, became eminent, 
 and engaged in a lucrative practice. In 1818 he was 
 elected a member of the Legislature of his native 
 State ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 
 Pennsylvania from 1824 to 1829 ; Governor of that 
 State from 1829 to 1835 ; in 1836 he was appointed 
 First Comptroller of the United States Treasury ; and 
 subsequently Collector of Customs of Philadelphia, 
 in which city he died of an affection of the heart, 
 March 14, 1840. 
 
 Wolf, Willinm P. — He was born in Stark 
 County, Ohio, December 1, 1833 ; received a common- 
 school education ; studied law, and removed to Iowa 
 in 1856 ; admitted to the bar in 1859 ; was Superin- 
 tendent of Common Schools ; a member of the State 
 House of Representatives in 1863 and 1864 ; entered 
 the army as Captain 'of Infantry ; was severely 
 wounded in Tennessee ; was re-elected to the State 
 House of Representatives ; was Assistant Assessor of 
 Internal Revenue in 1865 ; elected to the State Senate 
 in 1867 ; and to the Forty-first Congress to fill a 
 vacancy. 
 
 Wolfe, Simeon K. — He was born in Floyd 
 County, Indiana, February 14, 1824 ; graduated in the 
 Law Department of the University of Indiana in 1850, 
 and engaged in the practice of law : was a Presi- 
 dential Elector in 1856 ; elected to the State Senate 
 in 1860, and served four years ; was a Delegate to the 
 Charleston and Baltimore Democratic National Con- 
 vention in 1800 ; Colonel of the Indiana Militia in 
 1861 ; editor and proprietor of the Carydon Democrat 
 from 1857 to 1865 ; removed, in 1870, to New Albany, 
 and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving 
 on the Committee on Railroads and Canals. 
 
 Wood, Abiel. — He was a distinguished merchant 
 of Wiscasset, Massachusetts, and a member of Con- 
 gress from that State from 1813 to 1815. From 1807 
 to 1811, and in 1816, he was a member of the State 
 Legislature; a State Councilor in 1830 and 1821; 
 and a member of the " Constitutional Convention " of 
 1819. He died at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834, 
 aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Wood, Alan. — Born in Philadelphia in 1834, and 
 resided there until seventeen years of age, when he 
 graduated at the Polytechnic Institute in that city ; 
 took charge of the ' ' Delaware Iron Works " of his 
 father, and was there six years ; removed to Consho- 
 hocken, Pennsylvania, and assisted in building the 
 original mill of the "Schuylkill Iron Works;" is 
 now interested in the two companies ; is President of 
 the First National Bank of Conshohocken. In 1874 
 he was elected a Representative to the Forty- fourth 
 Congress from Pennsylvania. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 475 
 
 IFood, Amos E. — Born in Jefferson County, New 
 Fork, in 1810 ; he removed witli his father in 1825 to 
 Portage County, Ohio. In 18;J3 be settled penna- 
 nently in Woodville, Sandusky County ; he twice 
 represented his district in tlie lower branch of tlie 
 Legislature, and once for a term of two years in the 
 State Senate ; and was elected a Representative in 
 Congress from Ohio from 1850 to 1853. He died in 
 Fort Wayne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. He filled 
 the unexpired term of R. Dickinson ; and the farm 
 upon which he lived and died was cleared by his own 
 hands. 
 
 Wood, Benjamin, — He was born in Shelby- 
 ville, Kentuclvy, October 13, 1820 ; received a good 
 Englisli education ; has acquired some reputation as 
 a novelist ; and was elected a Representative from 
 New York to the Thirty-seventli Congress and re- 
 elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He has served 
 an the Committees on Mileage, and on Invalid Pen- 
 sions. 
 
 IVood, Bradford li, — He was born in Connec- 
 ticut ; was well educated, and adopted the profession 
 Df law ; he removed to Albany, New York, and was 
 1 Representative in Congress from that State from 
 1845 to 1847 ; and in 1801 was ajipoiuted by President 
 Lincoln Minister- Resident to Denmark. 
 
 Wood, Fernando. — He was born in Philadel- 
 phia, of Quaker parentage, June 14, 1813 ; removed 
 ;o New York with his father in 1820 ; and early turned 
 lis attention to the shipping business, in whicli he 
 ivas eminently successful, and from which he retired 
 ,n 1850. In 1840 he was elected a Representative to 
 ;he Twenty-seventh Congress ; in 1854 he was elected 
 Mayor of New York, and re-elected to the same posi- 
 .ion, serving five years ; in 1863 he was re-elected to 
 ;he Thirty-eighth Congress, and also to the Fortieth, 
 ?orty-first. Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty- 
 'ourth Congresses, serving on many important cora- 
 nittees. In 1875 his friends proposed that he should 
 )e a candidate for Speaker, but he declined the honor. 
 ilis brother Benjamin was also a Representative in 
 !)ongress. 
 
 Wood, Georr/e T. — He was appointed Major of 
 Georgia three months' volunteers in the Creek War, 
 n 1836 ; Colonel of the Second Texas Regiment of 
 tlounted Volunteers in the Mexican War, and was 
 listinguished at the storming of Monterey, and after- 
 vards member of the Texas Congress; and was Gov- 
 irnor of Texas from 1847 to 1849. Died on Trinity 
 Jiver, Texas, Septembers, 1858. 
 
 Wood, ,7anies, — He was a native of Virginia ; 
 vas a member of the State Constitutional Convention 
 )f 1776 ; was a Colonel of the Virginia Militia in 
 .776 ; was Lieutenanf-Qovernor and a member of the 
 Executive Council ; and Governor of the State from 
 .796 to 1799. A county in Virginia was named after 
 dm, to commemorate his patriotic services. 
 
 Wood, JTohn. — Born in Philadelphia in 1816 ; 
 vas educated for the counting-room, in which he had 
 m experience of twenty-five years, devoting himself 
 ;hiefly to the manufacture of iron ; and never held 
 my public position but that of Representative to the 
 rhirty-sixth Congress from Pennsylvania, to which 
 le was elected contrary to his wishes, serving on the 
 'ommittee on Public Expenditures. 
 
 Wood, John ,T, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New Y'ork from 1827 to 1839. 
 
 Wood, John M. — He was born in Minnisink, 
 )range County, New York, November 17, 1813 ; re- 
 reived a good common-school education ; was a mem- 
 
 ber of the Legislature of Maine ; and was for years 
 occupied as a constructor of railroads and other pub- 
 lic works. He was elected in 1854 a Representative 
 from Maine in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; re-elected 
 to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; and was a member of 
 the Committee on Post-OfBces and Post-Roads. Died 
 in Boston, December 34, 1864. 
 
 Wood, Joseph. — He entered the Revolutionary 
 Army as Major of Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and 
 was sent to Canada, July 4, 1776, and rose to the rank 
 of Colonel during that year ; was a Delegate from 
 Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779. 
 Died in March, 1789. 
 
 Wood, Reuben, — He was bom in Rutland Coun- 
 ty, Vermont, in 1793 ; served as Captain of the Vennont 
 Volunteers in the war of 1813 ; after the war he re- 
 moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and settled there in 1817 to 
 practice the profession of law ; he was a member of 
 the State Senate from 1835 to 1838 ; was made Presi- 
 dent Judge of the Third District of the State in 1830, 
 serving till 1833, when he was elected Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Ohio, and continued to hold that 
 office until 1845 ; was chosen Governor of Ohio for the 
 term beginning in 1850 and ending 1853 ; in 1852 was 
 proposed by some of his Democratic friends as a suit- 
 able candidate for the Presidency ; was appointed 
 United States Consul to Valparaiso, 1853 ; resigned that 
 otfice at the end of eighteen months, and returned to his 
 adopted State. Died at Rockport, Ohio, October 2, 1864. 
 
 Wood, Silas. — He was born in Suffolk County, 
 New York ; graduated at Princeton College in 1789 ; 
 was the author of a "History of Long Island ;" and 
 was a Representative in Congress from New York 
 from 1819 to 1839. He died at Huntington, Suffolk 
 County, Long Island, March 3, 1847, aged seventy- 
 eight years. 
 
 Wood, William S. — He was appointed Com- 
 nussioner of Public Buildings for the District of Col- 
 umbia in 1861, but only remained in office a few 
 months. 
 
 Woodbridf/e, Frederick E. — He was born in 
 Vergennes, Vermont, August 29, 1818 ; graduated at 
 the University of Vermont in 1840 ; studied law, and 
 came to the bar in 1843 ; served three years in the 
 State Legislature, two years in the State Senate, 
 three years as State Auditor, and in 1863 he was 
 elected a Representative from Veimont to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the 
 Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and 
 Private Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the 
 Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and 
 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chair- 
 man of the Committee on the Pay of Officials of Con- 
 
 Woodbridfje, Willirnn. — Born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut, August 20, 1780 ; and liis father becom- 
 ing one of the earliest emigrants to the Northwest 
 Territory, he removed to Marietta in 1791. He re- 
 ceived his earliest education in Connecticut ; studied 
 law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to 
 the bar in Ohio in 1806 ; in 1807 he was elected to the 
 Assembly of Ohio ; in 1808 was Prosecuting Attorney 
 for his county, which office he held until 1814, and 
 during the same period he was also a member of the 
 State Senate, In 1814 he received from President 
 Madison, unexpectedly, the ap]iointment of Secretary 
 of the Territory of Michigan, and removed to Detroit. 
 In 1819 he was elected the first Delegate from Michi- 
 gan to Congress, where he was very active in promo- 
 ting the interests of his constituents. In 1838 he 
 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Michi- 
 
476 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 gan Territory and held the office four years ; in 1S35 
 he was a member of the Convention called to form 
 a State Constitution ; in 1837 he was elected to the 
 State Senate of Michigan ; in 1839 he was chosen 
 Governor of the State ; and he was a Senator in Con- 
 gress from 1841 to 1847. He was a working member 
 on many important committees, and his reports and 
 speeches were numerous ; and Daniel Webster, in a 
 note to his speech in defense of the Ashburton Treaty, 
 attributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first suggestion 
 that was ever made to him for inserting in that treaty 
 a provision for the surrender of fugitives, under cer- 
 tain circumstances, upon the demand of foreign gov- 
 ernments. For many years before his death he lived 
 in retirement at Detroit. Died October 30, 1861. In 
 1867 a small volume was published, entitled the 
 " Life of William Woodbridge," from the pen of the 
 compiler of this work. 
 
 Woodbiirn, IVilliam, — Born in Wicklow 
 County, Ireland, in 1838 ; was a student at St. 
 Charles' College, Maryland, for four years ; emigrated 
 to Califoraia in 1855 ; studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1865 ; was District-Attorney of Storey 
 County in 1871 and 1872 ; and was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to Congress from Nevada to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress for the State at Large. 
 
 Jfoodhiiri/, Levi. — Born in Prancestown, New 
 Hampshire, December 22, 1789 ; he graduated at 
 Dartmouth College in 1800 ; attended the Law School 
 at Litchfield ; continued to study law in Boston, Ex- 
 eter, and Francestown, and entered upon the practice 
 in 1812, in which he was succe.ssful. In 1816 he was 
 appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hamp- 
 shire, and in 1819 settled in Portsmouth. In 1823 he 
 was elected Governor of New Hampshire ; was Speak- 
 er of the State House of Representatives in 1825 ; was 
 a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831 ; was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of the Navy, by President Jackson, 
 in 1831 ; was transferred to the Treasury Department, 
 as Secretary, in 1834, by President Van Buren, and 
 served until 1841 ; lie was again a Senator iu Congress 
 from 1841 to 1845, when he was appointed, by Presi- 
 dent Polk, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. He was also tendered the appoint- 
 ment of Minister to England, but declined it. He 
 received the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth Col- 
 lege and the Wesleyan University of Connecticut, 
 and was a member of various literary societies. He 
 died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, September 7, 
 1851. 
 
 Woodcock, David, — He was born in Berkshire 
 County, Massachusetts, and was a member of the 
 New York Assembly from Seneca County in 1814 and 
 1815, and from Tompkins County in 1836 ; was a Rep- 
 resentative in Congress from New York from 1831 
 to 1823, and again from 1827 to 1829. 
 
 JFoodviiff, George C — Was born in Litchfield, 
 Connecticut, December 1, 1805; graduated at Yale 
 College in 1835 ; studied law at the Litchfield School, 
 and came to the bar in 1837 ; he was for fourteen 
 years Postmaster of Litchfield ; was a Clerk and Rep- 
 resentative in the State Legislature ; President for 
 years of a bank ; Judge of Probate for several years ; 
 and in 1861 he was elected a Representative from Con- 
 necticut to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Public Lands. 
 
 Woodruff, John. — He was bom in Hartford, 
 Connecticut, February 13, 1836 ; was a member of the 
 Connecticut Legislature in 1854 ; in 1855 was elected 
 a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gress, serving on the Committee on the Post-Office 
 and Post-Roads. He subsequently held the position 
 
 11 
 
 of Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of 
 New Haven, in which city he died May 20, 1868. 
 
 Woodruff, Lewis B. — He was born in Litch- 
 field, Connecticut, June 19, 1809, and was the son of 
 General Morris Woodruff ; graduated at Yale College 
 in 1830 ; studied law at the Law School of his native 
 town ; settled in New York City, and was associated 
 with Willis Hall and George Wood in the practice of 
 his profession ; in 1849 he was elected to the Bench 
 of Common Pleas ; and in 1855 was transferred to 
 that of the Superior Court. After the close of his 
 term he resumed the practice of law, but in 1868 he 
 was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals, and in 
 1869 he was appointed Circuit Judge of the United 
 States for the Second Circuit. Died at Litchfield, 
 September 10, 1875. 
 
 Woodruff, Thomas 31. — He was a resident of 
 New York City, a furniture dealer by occupation, a 
 member of Congress from 1845 to 1847, and died some 
 years ago. 
 
 Woods, Andrew Salter. — Born at Bath, New 
 Hampshire, June 3, 1803 ; graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1825 ; began the practice of law in 1828 ; 
 was a Judge in 1840 ; and Chief Justice of New Hamp- 
 shire Supreme Court in 1855. Died at Bath, June 20, 
 1863. 
 
 Woods, George L. — He was Governor of Oregon 
 from 1866 to 1870. 
 
 Woods, Henry. — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Pennsylvania from 1790 to 1803. 
 
 Woods, .Toll n. — He was born in Dauphin County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1794, and removed with his father to 
 Ohio in his infancy. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1819, settled in Hamilton County, and at once took a 
 high stand in his profession. In 1824 he was elected 
 to Congress and served two terms. In 1829 he became 
 the editor and publisher of the Hamilton Intelligencer, 
 and so continued until 1832, when he returned to his 
 profession, which he successfully practiced until 1845, 
 when he was elected Auditor of the State, which otfice 
 he held for two terms. While Auditor he did much 
 to preserve the credit of the State. He died in Ham- 
 ilton, Ohio, July 30, 1855. 
 
 Woods, .J oh n. — He was a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817. 
 
 Woods, John, — He was Governor of Illinois for 
 a part of the years 1860 and 1861. 
 
 Woods, W. a. — He was born in Newark, Ohio ; 
 graduated at Yale College in 1845 ; studied law, and 
 began the practice in 1847 ; in 1857 he was elected to 
 the Ohio Legislature and made Speaker, and was re- 
 elected to the same body in 1859. In 1861 he went 
 into the military service as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry ; served until the close 
 of the war and was mustered out with the rank of 
 Brigadier-General and Brevet Major-General ; he was 
 mustered out of service in Alabama, where he re- 
 mained ; in 1868 he was chosen a State Chancellor for 
 six years, but after serving as such two years, was 
 appointed Circuit Judge of the United States for the 
 Fifth Circuit, which office he still holds, residing in 
 Mobile. 
 
 Woods, William, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835, and a 
 member of the State Assembly from Steuben County 
 in 1828. 
 
 Woodside, Jonathan F. — He was a citizen oi 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 477 
 
 Oliio, and in 1835 he was appointed Charge d'Affalres 
 to Denmark, where he remained untU 1841. 
 
 Woodson, Samuel II. — Bom in Jessamine 
 County, Kentucky, October 24, 1815 ; graduated at 
 Centre College, and became a lawyer by profession. 
 He was a member of the "Constitutional Convention " 
 of Missouri in 1855 ; and a member of the Missouri 
 General Assemlily in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected 
 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
 that State, serving as a member of the Committee on 
 Indian Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
 Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Af- 
 fairs. 
 
 Woodson, Saniiiel II. — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from Kentucky from 1821 to 1823, 
 and re-elected to the next Congress from 1823 to 
 1825. 
 
 Woodson, Silas. — He was Governor of Missouri 
 from 1873 to 1875. 
 
 Woodward, Aiiffitsfiis B. — He was a native 
 of Virginia ; emigrated to Michigan in 1805, when he 
 was appointed a Judge of the Territory, which honor- 
 able position he held until 1824. He was the author 
 of a " Code of Laws," which bears his name. In 1824 
 he was appointed a Judge for the Territory of Flori- 
 da, and died there after a service of three years. 
 He was the man, moreover, who in 1812 had a resolu- 
 tion adopted in the Legislature prohibiting the wear- 
 ing of apparel made from English goods. The col- 
 leagues of Judge Woodward on the bench were Fred- 
 erick Bates and John Griffin, in regard to whom the 
 writer has been unable to obtain any biographic par- 
 ticulars. We have seen it stated that Judge Wood- 
 ward, in conjunction with John Steward and William 
 W. Harwood, founded the town of Ypsilanti in 1835 ; 
 but, if he went to Florida in 1824, the statement can- 
 not be true. 
 
 Woodtravd, George IF. — Bom in Bethany, 
 Pennsylvania, March 26, 1809 ; received an academic 
 education ; studied and practiced law ; was a member 
 of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1837 ; in 
 1841 he was appointed President-Judge of the Fourth 
 Judicial District, and held the office ten years ; in 1852 
 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Penn- 
 sylvania, and held the position for nearly sixteen 
 years ; and was elected a Representative from Penn- 
 sylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-iirst Congresses, 
 serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and 
 on Revision of the Laws of the United States, Private 
 Land Claims, Reconstruction, and the Library. Was 
 a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. 
 
 Woodward, tfoseph A. — Hewasbnrnin South 
 Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Woodward, William , — He was a Representa- 
 tive in Congress from South Carolina from 1815 to 
 1817. 
 
 Woodworth, James 1/. —He was born Decem- 
 ber 4, 1804, in Greenwich, Washington County, New 
 York. He lived on a farm until twenty-one years of 
 age ; received a limited education at the schools in 
 the vicinity, and removed to Fabius, Onondaga Coun- 
 ty, New York ; taught a village school for a few 
 months, and then engaged in mercantile business. 
 In 1827 he went to Erie County, Pennsylvania, resid- 
 ing there four years, and removed to Chicago, Illi- 
 nois, in 1833. In 1839 he was elected to the State 
 Senate, and in 1842 was a member of the Lower 
 House. From 1845 to 1850 he was connected with 
 the city government of Chicago, being two years 
 
 Mayor. He was a Representative from Illinois to 
 the Thirty-fourth Congress. 
 
 Woodworth, John. — Born at Schodack, New 
 York, November 12, 1768 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1788 ; studied law at Albany ; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1791, and begun to practice 
 in Troy ; in 1806 removed to Albany. From 1793 
 to 1804 was Surrogate of Rensselaer County ; mem- 
 ber of the Assembly from 1804 to 1807 ; and a Com- 
 missioner to revise the laws of the State from 1811 
 to 1813 : Judge of New York Supreme Court from 
 1819 to 1828 ; was tUe author of " Reminiscences of 
 Troy," 1790 to 1807. Died in Albany, June 1, 1858. 
 
 Woodworth, Latirin D, — He was born in 
 
 Windham, Ohio, September 10, 1837 ; educated 
 at Hiram College ; admitted to the bar in 1859, 
 and practiced law at Ravenna, Ohio ; he was a Major 
 in the army in the war for the Union ; elected to the 
 Senate of Ohio in 1867 and 1809, and elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on 
 the Interior Department and Manufactures. 
 
 Woodworth, William, W.— He was born in 
 Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress 
 from New York from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Worcester, Samuel T,— Born in Hollis, Hills- 
 borough County, New Hampshire, August 30, 1804 ; 
 graduated at Cambridge University in 1830 ; for two 
 years he was a Preceptor at the Weymouth Academy, 
 Massachusetts; he studied law at Cambridge, and 
 came to the bar in 1834 ; went to Ohio that year, and 
 settled at Norwalk in the practice of his profession ; 
 in 1848 and 1849 he was elected to the State Senate ; 
 in 1859 was elected Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, which he held until elected a Representative 
 from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
 on the Committees on Elections, Accounts, and Ag- 
 riculture. 
 
 Word, Thom,as J, — He was a Representative 
 in Congress from Mississippi from 1838 to 1839. 
 
 Worman, Ltidwig. — He was "born in Bucka 
 County, Pennsylvania ; was a tanner by occupation ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1820 to 1822. Died in 1822. 
 
 Wortendyke, Jacob H. — Born at Chestnut 
 Ridge, in the Township of Harrington, Bergen County, 
 New Jersey, November 27, 1818 ; graduated at Rutgers 
 College in 1839 ; and was for several years teacher of 
 the classics and mathematics. He commenced the 
 study of law in 1849, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1852 ; was Alderman of Jersey City, where he prac- 
 ticed law ; and was elected a Representative in the 
 Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey, serving on 
 the Committee on Public Expenditures ; was a Dele- 
 gate to the New York Convention of 1868. Died in 
 Jersey City, New Jersey, November 7, 1868. 
 
 Worth, Jonathan. — He was born in 1797; 
 served in the Legislature of North Carolina from 1829 
 to 1834, and when the Nullification excitement arose, 
 took an active part, and introduced a resolution into 
 the House in its condemnation. When the Rebellion 
 commenced in 1861, he was again found advocating 
 the Union cause, but declined to take any active part 
 in public affairs ; was Governor of North Carolina 
 from 1865 to 1869 ; and died at Raleigh, September 
 5, 1869. 
 
 Worthinffton, H. G, — He was born in Cum- 
 berland, Maryland, February 9, 1828 ; received an 
 academical education ; he studied law and came to 
 the bar in 1851 : and in that year he removed to Cal- 
 
478 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 ifornia and settled in the practice of his profession 
 in Tuolumne Couuty, where he remained until 1856. 
 He subsequently spent some time in Central America 
 and Mexico, and then resumed his profession in Cal- 
 ifornia. In 1861 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
 ture from the city and county of San Francisco. In 
 1863 he removed to the Territory of Nevada, and set- 
 tled in Austin ; and on the admission of Nevada as a 
 State he was elected the first Representative there- 
 from, takiug his seat during the second session of the 
 Thirty-eighth Congress. In 1868 he was appointed 
 Minister to Uruguay. 
 
 Worthington, JTohn T. H. — Ho was born in 
 Maryland, was a Representative in Congress from 
 that State from 1831 to 1838, and again from 1837 to 
 1841. 
 
 Worthintjton, Thomas, — He was born in Jef- 
 ferson County, Virginia, about 1769 ; emigrated to 
 Ohio, and settled in Ross County in 1798. In 1803 
 he was a member of the " State Constitutional Con- 
 vention. " He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, 
 from 1803 to 1807, and again from 1810 to 1814, when 
 he re.signed ; and from 1814 to 1818 he was Governor 
 of Ohio. After his retirement from that office he 
 was appointed a memlrer of the first Board of Canal 
 Commissioners, in which capacity he served until 
 his death, which occurred in 1827. 
 
 Worth! nr/toH, Thomas C. — He was born in 
 Prince George County, Maryland, and was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 
 1827. Died June 19,1837. 
 
 Wright, Augustus B. — Born at Wrightsbor- 
 ough, Columbia County, Georgia, June 16, 1813 ; 
 commenced his education at a grammar school ; af- 
 terwards entered Franklin College, but left in the 
 latter part of the junior year without graduating. 
 He was a lawyer by profession ; and at the age of 
 twenty-nine was elected Circuit Judge. He resigned 
 before the expiration of the second term, and was 
 elected a Representative from Georgia to the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, 
 serving- as a member of the Committee on the District 
 of Columbia. Took part in the Rebellion. 
 
 Wright, Daniel S. — He was born in Tennessee, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi 
 from 1853 to 1857. 
 
 Wright, Edwin R. V. — Born in Hoboken, New 
 Jersey, January 3, 1812 ; received an academical edu- 
 cation ; adopted the trade of a printer, and, as early 
 as 1835, edited and published a newspaper called the 
 Jersey Blue. He studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1839 ; in 1843 he was elected to the State Senate, and 
 was a leading advocate of the present free-school sys- 
 tem of the State ; in 1851 he was appointed District 
 Attorney for Hudson County, and held the office for 
 five years ; he was also a Major-General of Militia for 
 several years, commanding the Second Division of the 
 State ; was the candidate in 1859 of the Democratic 
 party for the office of Governor, but was defeated by 
 a small majority ; and he was elected a Representa- 
 tive from New Jersey to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on Appropriations, and the 
 Special Committee on the death of President Lincoln. 
 Died in Jersey City, January 19, 1871. 
 
 Wright, George C. — He was born in Blooming- 
 ton, Indiana, March 24, 1820 ; graduated at the State 
 University in 1839 ; read law with his brother, Joseph 
 A. Wright ; removed to Iowa in 1840 ; served as 
 Prosecuting Attorney in 1847 ; was elected to the 
 State Senate in 1849 ; in 1854 was chosen Chief-Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the State, and elected to the 
 
 same by the people in 18G0 and 1865 ; was a Profes- 
 sor in the Law Department of the State University 
 for six years from 1865 ; was elected to the United 
 States Senate for the term commencing in 1871 and 
 ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Finance, 
 Judiciary, and Civil Service. 
 
 Wright, George H. — He was bom in Concord, 
 Massachusetts, June 4, 1817 ; spent seven years on a 
 farm ; settled in Boston as a merchant in 1822 ; was 
 connected with the Boston Courier for two years from 
 1837, after which he settled in Nantucket in the 
 whaling business ; went to California in 1849, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 during the years 1850 and 1851. 
 
 Wright, Heudrick B. — Bom in Luzerne Coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1808 ; graduated at Dick- 
 inson College in 1839 ; studied law, and came to the 
 bar in 1831 ; in 1834 he was appointed Deputy Attor- 
 ney-General for Luzerne County ; was elected to the 
 State Legislature in 1841 and 1843 ; re-elected in 1843 
 and made Speaker of the House ; he was a member of 
 all the National Democratic Conventions between 1840 
 and 1860 ; and of that Convention which nominated 
 Mr. Polk for President he was the President. In 1853 
 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania 
 to the Thirty-third Congress ; and he was re-elected 
 to the Thirty-seveiith Congress, to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of George W. Scranton, and was 
 a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. 
 
 Wright, John C. — He was bom in 1783; at- 
 tained eminence as a lawyer, and early rose to the 
 Supreme Bench of Ohio. His Law Reports are a part 
 of all good libraries in the Western States. He was a 
 Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 
 1839, and was for many years the owner and editor of 
 the Cincinnati Qazette. He took an active part, as 
 Delegate from Ohio, in the "Peace Congress" of Feb- 
 ruary, 1861, but died in Washington, before the ad- 
 journment of that body, on the 13th of that month. 
 
 Wright, ,Tohn 7^.— Born in McNairy County, 
 Tennessee, June 28, 1838 ; was a lawyer by profes- 
 sion ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
 fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses from his native 
 State ; and was a member of the Committees on Revo- 
 lutionary Pensions and Expenditures in the War De- 
 partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
 serving on the Committee on the District of Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 Wriglif, Joseph A. — Born in Pennsylvania, 
 April 17, 1810 ; when a boy he removed to Indiana 
 with his parents, and became a janitor in the Univer- 
 sity of that State, enjoying at the same time the privi- 
 leges of a student ; studied law, and came to the bar in 
 1839 ; in 1833 he was elected to the State Legislature ; 
 in 1840 he was elected to the State Senate ; from 1843 
 to 1845 he was a Representative in Congress ; was 
 Governor of Indiana from 1849 to 1857 ; and during 
 the latter year he was appointed by President Bu- 
 chanan, Minister to Prussia. In 1863 he was appointed 
 a Senator in Congress in place of J. D. Bright, serving 
 one session ; in 1863 he was appointed by President 
 Lincoln a Commissioner to attend the Hamburg Ex- 
 hibition ; and in 1865 he was appointed by President 
 Johnson, for the second time, Minister to Prussia. 
 Died in Berlin, March 11, 1867, and the fact was pub- 
 lished in the New York papers on the folhidng morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Wright, ,Toshua G. — He was a native of New 
 Hanover, North Carolina ; a member of the State Leg- 
 islature from 1791 to 1808, and Speaker of the House ; 
 in the latter year he was elected a Judge of the Su- 
 perior Courts of Law and Equity, in which capacity 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS, 
 
 479 
 
 he faitlifully served tis State until his death, in June, 
 1811. 
 
 Jt'riffhf, Soberf. — He was bom in Kent County, 
 Maryland ; a Senator in Congress from Maryland from 
 1801 to 1806, when he resigned ; at one time member 
 of the State Executive Council ; was Governor of 
 Maryland from 180(5 to 1809 ; a Representative in Con- 
 gress from Maryland from 1810 to 1817 ; re-elected 
 for the term from 1821 to 1833 ; and died September 
 7, 1826. 
 
 Ifright, Samuel 6?.— Born in 1787, and at the 
 time of his death was a member-elect of Congress 
 from New Jersey. Died near Allentown, New Jersey, 
 July 30, 1845. 
 
 Wright, Silas, — Was bom at Amherst, Massa- 
 chusetts. May 24, 1795. He worked upon his father's 
 farm in Vermont, in the summer, and attended 
 school in the winter. He prepared for and entered 
 college in August, 1811, and graduated at Middle- 
 bury College in 1815. He read law in Washington 
 County, New York, teaching school one or two win- 
 ters to aid in defraying his own expenses. In 1819 
 he settled in the practice of the law at Canton, St. 
 Lawrence County, New York, where he continued 
 his residence until his death. He was soon made a 
 Magistrate and Postmaster of his town, and Surro- 
 gate of his county. He early raised a uniformed 
 Militia rifle company, of which he was xinanimously 
 chosen Captain, from which position he rose to be 
 Colonel of a rifle regiment, and became a Brigadier 
 General of Infantry in 1827. He was elected to the 
 State Senate in November, 1823, and served until 
 March 4, 1837, when he resigned that office, having 
 been elected to Congress in November, 1826. He took 
 his seat in Congress in December, 1827. He was re- 
 elected in November, 1828. Having been elected 
 State Comptroller, January 27, 1829, he resigned his 
 seat in Congress before serving out his term. While 
 in Congress he served as a Member of the Committee 
 on Manufactures, and took an active part in the tariff 
 investigations and discussions of 1828. He served as 
 Comptroller from the time of his election until he was 
 chosen United States Senator in the early part of 
 January, 1833, when he immediately took his seat in 
 that body. He was re-elected in February, 1837, and 
 again in February, 1843, and continued to serve until 
 December, 1844, when he resigned. In November, 
 1844, he was elected Governor of New York and 
 entered upon his duties January 1, 1845. In 1847 he 
 retired to private life, devoting himself to the culti- 
 vation of his farm, and enjoying the society of his 
 early friends and neighbors. On August 37, 1847, he 
 died suddenly at his residence in Canton. While in 
 the United States Senate he served most of his time 
 on the Committee on Finance, and introduced the 
 first Sub-Treasury bill, which became a law. Presi- 
 dent Tyler offered him a seat upon the bench of the 
 Supreme Court, which he declined. By other Presi- 
 dents he was offered seats in their cabinets and mis- 
 sions abroad — all of which he refused. His last labor 
 for the public was the preparation of an address for 
 the State Agricultural Society, which having been 
 finished, was read to that body a short time after his 
 death, by his friend, General Dix. He appeared 
 twice in the Supreme Court of the United States to 
 argue cases of high importance, and established in 
 that tribunal a high reputation as a lawyer. 
 
 Wright, Turbett, — He was a Delegate from 
 Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 
 1782. 
 
 Wright^ William. — Born in Clarkstown, Rock- 
 land County, New York, in 1794 ; learned the busi- 
 ness of saddle-making when a boy, and followed it 
 
 for seven years, at Bridgeport, Connecticut ; re- 
 moved to Newark, New Jersey, in 1823 ; was elected 
 Mayor of that city in the years 1840, 1841, 1842, and 
 1843 ; was a Representative in Congress from New 
 Jersey from 1843 to 1847 ; was a candidate for Gov- 
 ernor in 1848, but was defeated ; and in 1853 he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 
 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manu- 
 factures, and that on the Contingent Expenses of the 
 Senate. In 1863 he was again elected to the Senate 
 for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Commit- 
 tees on Manufactures, Public Lands, and Revolution- 
 ary Claims. Died in Newark, New Jersey, Novem- 
 ber 1, 1866. 
 
 Willi iveber, Christian. — He was appointed in 
 1875 Minister-Resident to Ecuador. 
 
 Wurts, ifohn, — He was born in Morris County, 
 New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1813 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl- 
 vania from 1825 to 1827. Died in Rome, Italy, April 
 23, 1861. 
 
 Wyche, .Tames E, — He was horn in Mississippi ; 
 removed to Michigan ; and from that State was ap- 
 pointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Washington, residing at 
 Vancouver. 
 
 Wjflie, Andrew, — He was born in Pennsylvania ; 
 and was appointed in 1864 from the District of Co- 
 lumbia a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States for the District of Columbia. 
 
 Wyticoop, ITenrg.-^He was a Delegate to the 
 Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress ft-om Pennsylvania from 1789 
 to 1791 ; and was one of those who voted for locating 
 the Seat of Government on the Potomac. 
 
 Wijnn, JRiehard, — Born in Virginia; entered 
 the military service early in the Revolutionary War, 
 and in 1775 was Lieutenant of South Carolina Rang- 
 ers, serving in the battle on Sullivan's Island ; was 
 in command of Fort Mcintosh, Georgia ; promoted to 
 Colonel and commanded the militia of Fairfield Dis- 
 trict, South Carolina ; was with Sumter at Hanging 
 Rock, where he was wounded ; was active during the 
 remainder of the war and at its close was appointed 
 a Brigadier and then a Major-General of Militia. He 
 was a Representative in Congress from South Caro- 
 lina from 1798 to 1797, and again from 1802 to 1813. 
 Died in Tennessee, about the year 1813. 
 
 Wgnn, Thomas. — He was bom, lived, and 
 died in Hertford County, North Carolina. He was a 
 General of Militia ; a planter by occupation ; served 
 a number of years in the House of Commons and 
 Senate ; and was a Representative in Congress in 
 
 1802 in the place of C. Johnston, deceased, and from 
 
 1803 to 1807. In 1801 and 1809 he was a Presidential 
 Elector. He died June 3, 1825. 
 
 Wf/the, George. — Born in Elizabeth City, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1'?'28 ; was educated chiefly by his mother ; 
 when thirty years of age he commenced the study of 
 law, and soon came to the bar ; was for a long time 
 a member of the House of Burgesses; was Chancel- 
 lor of Virginia ; in 1764 he was appointed to prepare 
 a petition against the Stamp Act ; was a Delegate to 
 the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and 
 and signed the Declaration of Independence ; he was 
 also a member of the Convention which formed the 
 Federal Constitution, but refused to sign the instru- 
 ment ; he was the Chaimian of a Committee to revise 
 the Laws of Virginia, which he accomplished with 
 credit ; in 1777 he was Speaker of the House of Dele- 
 
480 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 gates, and was appointed Judge of the Court of 
 Chancery ; he owned a large number of slaves, to one 
 of whom he taught the Latin and Greek languages, 
 and suddenly manumitted the whole of them ; and 
 the honor was awarded to him of having been the in- 
 structor of Thomas JefEerson. Died June 8, 1806. 
 
 Yancey, Beujamin C. — He was a citizen of 
 Georgia, and in 1858 was appointed Minister-Resident 
 to the Argentine Confederation, where he remained a 
 little more than one year, and returned home. 
 
 Yaacei/, William L. — Born at Ogeechee Shoals, 
 Georgia, August 18, 1814 ; received a good education 
 in the Northern States ; studied law, and practiced 
 in South Carolina ; in 1837 he settled in Alabama and 
 edited the Cahatcba Democrat and Wetiuapka Aryan ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama 
 from 1844 to 1847. Before entering Congress, he had 
 served in the Alabama Legislature, and since that 
 time has served as a member of various political con- 
 ventions, first at Baltimore in 1848, then at Cincinnati 
 in 1856, and at Charleston in 1860, in which he bore a 
 conspicuous part. In 1856 he was a Presidential 
 Elector. He subsequently visited Europe as an agent 
 of the Southern States during the great Rebellion of 
 1861 ; also held several other appointments under the 
 Confederate Government. Died near Montgomery, 
 Alabama, July 58, 1863. 
 
 Yancij, Sai'tlett. — He was born in Virginia, 
 and educated at the University of North Carolina, 
 where he was for a time, tutor. His first appearance 
 in public life was as a member of Congress from 
 North Carolina, in 1813, where he served four years ; 
 he served for many years in the State Legislature, 
 and frequently as Speaker of the House ; and his posi- 
 tion as a lawyer was unsurpassed. He died in Cas- 
 well County, August 30, 1828. 
 
 Yancy, Joel, — He was a Representative in 
 Congress from Kentucky from 1827 to 1831. 
 
 Yaviiall, 3£ordecai. — He was born April 16, 
 1816, near Urbana, Ohio, and in childhood removed 
 to Louisville, Kentcky. He graduated at the School 
 of Civil Engineering, at Bacon College, Georgetown, 
 Kentucky, in 1838, and in 183!), entered the Navy as 
 Professsor of Mathematics. After serving at sea 
 about thirteen years as Naval Instructor, he was or- 
 dered to the Observatory at Washington, in the year 
 1852, where he has since continuously served. His 
 work has been collecting and publi-shing in a large 
 catalogue, all the observations made by himself and 
 others with the Transit Instrument, the Mural Circle, 
 and the old Meridian Circle. 
 
 I'rt^es, Abraham, Jr.Se was a Delegate 
 from New York to the Continental Congress in 1787 
 and 1788. 
 
 Yates, Jesse J. — Born in Hertford County, 
 North Carolina, in 1839 ; received an academical edu- 
 cation, and adopted the profession of law ; was at one 
 time Solicitor of the Hertford Judicial District ; 
 served two years in the State Legislature from 1860, 
 and in 1874 he was elected a Representative from 
 North Carolina to the Forty -fourth Congress. 
 
 Yates, John S, — He was bom in New York, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from York 
 from 1815 to 1817, and was a member of the Assembly 
 of that State in 1836, from Madison County. 
 
 Yates, Joseph C. — Born in Schenectady, New 
 York, November 9, 1708 ; studied and practiced law 
 in his native tovm ; was a founder of Union College 
 in 1795 ; Mayor of Schenectady from 1798 to 1808 ; 
 
 State Senator in 1806 and 1807 ; Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of that State from 1808 to 1822 ; and 
 Governor from 1833 to 1825. Died in Schenectady, 
 March 19, 1837. 
 
 Yates, Iticharil. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 January 18, 1818 ; removed to Illinois ; graduated at 
 Illinois College, and was bred to the profession of 
 law. He frequently served in the State Legislature ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Illinois 
 from 1851 to 1855. In 1861 he was elected Governor 
 of Illinois for four years, and participated extensively 
 in the raising of troops for the National Army during 
 the Rebellion ; and was elected a Senator in Congress 
 from Illinois for the term commencing in 1865 and 
 ending in 1871, having been placed on the Committees 
 on the District of Columbia, the Pacific Railroad, 
 Territories, Pensions, Manufactures, and Mines and 
 Mining, and made Chairman of the Committees on 
 Revolutionary Claims and Territories. He was also 
 a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven- 
 tion " of 1866. 
 
 Yates, liobert. — Born in Schenectady, New York, 
 January 27, 1738 ; received a classical education in 
 New York City ; studied law and admitted to prac- 
 tice at Albany in 1760 ; was a writer in defense of 
 liberty, during the Revolution ; a member of the 
 Committee of Safety ; Chairman of the Committee on 
 Military operations, in 1776 and 1777 ; Judge of the 
 Supreme Court from 1777 to 1790 ; Chief Justice from 
 17U0 to 1798 ; member of the Convention that formed 
 the Constitution of the United States, which he op- 
 posed. He preserved the debates of that Convention, 
 which were published by his widow, 12mo, in 1839. 
 He was a member of the State Convention which 
 adopted the Constitution ; and soon after was Com- 
 missioned to treat with the States of Massachusetts and 
 Connecticut, on the subject of Territory, and to 
 settle the Claims of New York against the State of 
 Vermont. Died at Albany, September 9, 1801. 
 
 Yates, Feter W. — He was a Delegate from New 
 York, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1787. 
 
 Yeaman, Geovfje J/.— He was bom in Hardin 
 
 County, Kentucky, November 1, 1829 ; received his 
 early education under many difficulties ; studied law, 
 and came to the bar in his twenty-third year, enter- 
 ing upon the practice of his profession at Owensboro', 
 Davies County, Kentucky. In 1854 he was elected 
 Judge of Davies County, and from that time until 
 1858 devoted his whole attention to the law, acquir- 
 ing an extensive practice in the Circuit Court and 
 Court of Appeals. In 1861 he was elected to the 
 Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1862 he was en- 
 gaged in raising a regiment for the Union service ; 
 but when J. S. Jackson resigned he was elected, as 
 his successor, a Representative from Kentucky to the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee 
 on Military Affairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress, serving on the same committee. In 
 1805 he was appointed by President Johnson Minister- 
 Resident to Denmark. 
 
 Yeates, Jasper, — He was a member of the Lan- 
 caster County (Pennsylvania) Committee of Corre- 
 spondence in 1774 ; and of the Convention which rati 
 fied the Federal Constitution in 1788 ; was Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1791 till his 
 death. He published " Reports of Cases in the Su- 
 preme Court of Pennsylvania," from 1791 to 1808 ; 
 Philadelphia, 4 vols. 8vo, 1817 to 1819. Died in Lan- 
 caster, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1817. 
 
 Yell, Archibald, — He was bom in Tennessee, 
 and removing to Arkansas, was appointed one of the 
 Judges of the Territory, and elected a Representative 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 481 
 
 in Congress from 1835 to 1839, and was re-elected in 
 1845, serving only until 1846. He was also Governor 
 of Arkansas in 1843 and 1844. He was killed at the 
 battle of Buena Vista, having had command of a 
 regiment of Arkansas mounted Volunteers. 
 
 Torke, Thomas •!. — He was born in New Jer- 
 sey, and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. 
 He was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth 
 Congress, and, although he came with the broad seal 
 of his State, he was not admitted, 
 
 Yost, Jacob S. — He was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that 
 State, from 1843 to 1847. 
 
 Youiiff, Atlfftistus. — He was born in Arlington, 
 Vermont, March 20, 1785, and was admitted to the 
 bar, in St. Albans, in 1810 ; he commenced practice 
 at Stowe, and in about eighteen months removed to 
 Craftsbury, which town he represented, in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly, during eight sessions. He was four 
 years State's Attorney for Orleans County, and Judge 
 of Probate in 1830. In 1836 he was chosen State 
 Senator, and was twice re-elected. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from Vermont from 1841 to 
 1843, and declined a re-election. In 1847 he removed 
 to St. Albans, and was for several years Judge of 
 Franklin County Court. He subsequently devoted 
 himself to literary and scientific pursuits, and being 
 a learned geologist and mineralogist, was appointed 
 in 1856, State IS^aturalist. He died at St. Albans, 
 June 17, 1857. He was highly popular, possessed 
 great talents, and his scientific books and tracts in- 
 dicate that he was a great mathematician and a pro- 
 found reasoner. 
 
 Young, Brigham. — Bom at Whittingham, 
 Vermont, June 1, 1801 ; in 1832 he found the Mor- 
 mons at Kirtland, Ohio ; was one of the apostles sent 
 out to make converts in 1835 ; and was chosen Presi- 
 dent and Prophet in 1844 ; he abandoned Nauvoo in 
 
 1846 ; and persuaded his followers that Salt Lake 
 Valley was the Promised Land, and settled there in 
 
 1847 ; in 1849 he organized a State called Deseret ; 
 but Congress organized it as the Territory of Utah, 
 of which he was United States Governor from 1850 
 to 1854. The Mormons having defied the Federal 
 Government, President Buchanan iu 1857, sent a 
 force to enforce its authority, and in 1858 a compro- 
 mise was made. He has twelve actual wives, besides 
 many who have been " sealed to him " as his spirit- 
 ual wives. As the head of the Mormon Church he 
 was long Governor of the Territory, and is "Presi- 
 dent" by semi-annual election. 
 
 Younff, Bryan It. — He was born in Kentucky, 
 and was a Representative in Congress from that State 
 from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 Yountj, Casey. — Bom near Tuscaloosa, Ala- 
 bama, in 1832 ; removed with his father to Marshall 
 County, Mississippi, when a small child, and settled 
 upon a farm ; received a classical education at the 
 village school, and by his own exertions ; removed 
 to Memphis in 1854. and wrote for the press for 
 about three years ; studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1 856, and began to practice ; was on the 
 
 Young, Ebeneser. — Bom in Killingly, Connec- 
 ticut, in 1784, and graduated at Yale College in 1806. 
 In 1823 he was elected to the State Senate, and twice 
 re-elected ; he was also two years Speaker of the 
 House ; and was a Representative in Congress from 
 1829 to 1835. He died at M^est Killingly, August 
 18, 185L ^ 
 
 Young, John. — He was born in Chelsea, Orange 
 County, Vermont, in 1802 ; when quite a boy he 
 moved with his father to Livingston County, New 
 York, and received a common-school education at 
 Conesus ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1829 ; was in the State Legislature in 1831, 1844, 
 and 1845 ; was a Representative in Congress from 
 New York, from 1841 to 1843 ; Governor of the 
 State from 1847 to 1849 ; and Assistant Treasurer of 
 the United States, in New York City, at the time of 
 his death, which occurred AprU 23, 1852. 
 
 Young, John JO.— He was born in Bath County, 
 Kentucky, September 32, 1823 ; received an English 
 educaticm ; from 1843 to 1847 he was Sheriff of his 
 native county, having previously served three years 
 as Deputy ; served for a time as Deputy United 
 States Marshal ; was a Judge of Probate from 1858 
 to 1862 ; was re-elected in 1866, but resigned in 1867; 
 and was elected a Representative from Kentucky to 
 the Fortieth Congress, but was refused his seat ; re- 
 elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on seve- 
 ral Committees. 
 
 Young, P. M. B,— Born in Spartanburg, South 
 Carolina, in 1838 ; graduated at the Georgia Military 
 Institute in 1857 ; was a Cadet at the West Point 
 Academy when the Rebellion commenced, but re- 
 signed that position when Georgia seceded, and joined 
 the Confederate army and rose by promotions to the 
 rank of Major-General, receiving two wounds in bat- 
 tle ; and in 1868, he was elected a Representative 
 from Georgia to the Forty-first Congress, serving on 
 the Committee on Mileage. Re-elected to the two 
 subsequent Congresses, serving on several Commit- 
 tees. 
 
 Young, Hichard M. — He was a Presidential 
 Elector in 1829 ; a Senator in Congress from Illinois 
 from 1837 to 1843 ; was appointed Commissioner of 
 the General Land Office in 1846 ; and Clerk of the 
 United States House of Representatives, in 1850 and 
 1851. 
 
 Young, Timothy B.— He was bora in New 
 Hampshire ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1835 ; 
 and was a Representative in Congress from Illinois 
 from 1849 to 1851. 
 
 Young, William S. — He was born in Nelson 
 County, Kentucky ; and was a Representative in 
 Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827. 
 
 Yulee, David L. — He was born in the VPest 
 Indies, of Hebrew extraction, in 1811, but when 
 quite young was removed to Virginia, where he re- 
 ceived the rudiments of a classical education. He 
 emigrated to Florida in 1824, and though he studied 
 law, he divided his time between the practice of his 
 profession and the pursuits of agriculture. He wag 
 
 electoral ticket for Douglas in 1860 ; was opposed to | a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Florida, 
 the separation of the Union until the secession of j from 1841 to 1845, bearing the name of Levy, and. 
 
 Tennessee, when he enlisted in the army of the Con 
 federacy, and rose to the rank of Colonel of Cavalry; 
 after the war he resumed the practice of law ; de- 
 clined the nomination for Mayor of Memphis in 1871 ; 
 was defeated for Congress in 1872, but was elected 
 in 1874 as Representative from Tennessee to the 
 Forty-fourth Congress. 
 
 31 
 
 as Yulee, was a Delegate to the Convention which 
 formed the State Constitution ; and was elected a 
 Senator in Congress, in 1845, where he continued un- 
 til 1861, officiating as Chairman of the Committee 
 on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. He was also Presi- 
 dent of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad in Florida. 
 Withdrew from the Senate to take part in the Rebel- 
 
483 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 
 
 lion of 1861, and at the close of the conflict he was 
 confined in Fort Pulaski as a Prisoner of State. 
 
 Zevelj/, Alexander JV. — He was born in North 
 Carolina ; appointed from that State to a Clerkship 
 in the General Post-Office ; and in 1859 he was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 Zollicoffer, Felix K, — Bom in Maury County, 
 Tennessee, May 19, 1813, and received an academical 
 education. He served for a few months in a printing- 
 office, and in 1839 took upon himself the manage- 
 ment of a newspaper at Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he 
 was editor and publisher of the Columbian Observer, 
 in the same State ; in 1835 he was elected State prin- 
 ter, and re-elected in 1837 ; in 1843 he removed to 
 Nashville, and edited the Banner; in 1843 he was 
 elected Comptroller of the State Treasury, and was 
 re-elected in 1845 and 1847 ; in 1849 was elected to 
 the State Senate ; in 1850 was a contractor for Build- 
 ing the Suspension Bridge at Nashville ; in 1851 and 
 1853 again edited the Nashmlle Banner, and was a 
 
 Representative in Congress from Tennessee in 1853, 
 where he continued until the close of the Thirty-fifth 
 Congress, serving in the same as a member of the 
 Committee on Territories. He subsequently joined 
 the great Rebellion, and served as a General of Volun- 
 teers, and was killed at the battle of Mill Springs, 
 Kentucky, in a hand to hand fight with General Speed 
 S. Fry whom he had frequently met at the bar in Ken- 
 tucky and Tennessee. He was a Delegate to the 
 " Peace Congress " of 1861. 
 
 Znhlji, John Jofichini, — He was a native of 
 Switzerland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1770 ; 
 settled in Savannah, Georgia, as a Presbyterian Min- 
 ister ; was a Doctor of Divinity, and preached in the 
 German, English, .and French languages ; and though 
 elected as a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 
 1755, was disloyal to the American cause, and de- 
 nounced on the floor of Congress as a traitor to the 
 American cause. He died in Savannah, July 23, 1781. 
 His birthplace was St. Gall, and the date of his birth 
 August 37, 1784 ; he was a man of superior learning 
 and had been a member of the Presidential Congress 
 before entering the Continental Congress. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE COLONIAL CONGRESS. 
 
 This Congress was composed of Delegates from nine of 
 the Colonies, and met at New York on the 7th ofOcto 
 ber, 1765 : — Timothy Rugglea, President ; John Cot- 
 ton, Secretary. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Otis, James, Partridge, Oliver, 
 
 Ruggles, Timothy. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Bowler, Metcalf, Ward, Henry. 
 
 Dyer, Eliphalet, 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Johnson, \Vm. Samuel, 
 Rowland, David. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 Bayard, William, Lispenard, Leonard, 
 
 Cruger, John, Livingston, Philip, 
 
 Livingston, Robert R. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Borden, Joseph, ^ Fisher, Hendrick, 
 
 Ogdeu, Robert. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Byran, George, Dickinson, John, 
 
 Morton, John. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 M'Kean, Thomas, Rodney, Caesar. 
 
 MARYLAND, 
 
 Murdock, William. Ringold, Thomas, 
 
 Tilghman, Edward. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Gadsden, Christopher, Lynch, Thomas, 
 Rutledge, John. 
 
 The Representatives of New Hampshire, from the 
 peculiar situation of that colony, judged it imprudent 
 to send Representatives to this Cougres.s, though they 
 approved of the measure ; and the Assemblies of Vir- 
 ginia, North Carolina, and Georgia not being in ses- 
 sion, the Governors of these colonies refused to call 
 special Assemblies for a purpose deemed by them 
 improper and unconstitutional. 
 
 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. > 
 
 C,/3 
 
 fboceedinos in the congress op the united colonies respecting " a declaration of independence, 
 by the representatives of the united states of america, in congress assembled.' 
 
 Saturday, June 8, 1776. 
 
 Resolved, That the resolutions respecting indepen- 
 dency be referred to a Committee of the whole Con- 
 gress. 
 
 The Congress then resolved Itself into a Committee 
 of the Whole ; and, after some time, the President re- 
 sumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the 
 Committee have taken into consideration the matter 
 to them referred, but, not having come to any resolu- 
 tion thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit 
 again on Monday. 
 
 Resolved, That this Congress will, on Monday next, 
 at 10 o'clock, resolve itself into a Committee of the 
 Whole, to take into further consideration the resolu- 
 tions referred to them. 
 
 Monday, June 10, 1776. 
 
 Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into 
 a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further 
 consideration the resolutions to them referred ; and, 
 after some time spent thereon, the President resumed 
 the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Com- 
 mittee have had under con.sideration the matters re- 
 ferred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, 
 which they directed him to report. 
 
 The resolution agreed to in Committee of the Whole 
 being read, 
 
 Resoleed, That the consideration of the first resolu- 
 tion be postponed to Monday, the first day of July 
 next ; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in 
 
 case the Congress agree thereto, that a Committee be 
 appointed to prepare a Declaration to the effect of the 
 said first resolution, which is in these words : " That 
 these Hnited Colonies are, and of right ought to be, 
 free and independent States ; that they are absolved 
 from all allegiance to the British crown ; and that all 
 political connection between them and the State of 
 Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." 
 
 Tuesday, June 11, 1776. 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee for preparing the 
 Declaration consist of five. The Members chosen, 
 Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. 
 Sherman, and Mr. R. R. Livingston. 
 
 Tuesday, June 35, 1776. 
 
 A Declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met 
 in Provincial Conference, was laid before Congress 
 and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a 
 vote of Congress declaring the United Colonies free 
 and independent States. 
 
 Friday, June 28, 1776. 
 
 " Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from 
 New Jersey, attended and produced the credentials of 
 their appointment," containing the following instruc- 
 tions : " If you shall judge it neces.sary or expedient 
 for this purpose, we empower you to join in declaring 
 the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, en- 
 
484 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 tering into a confederation for union and common 
 defence," etc. 
 
 Monday, July 1, 1776. 
 
 " A resolution of the Convention of Maryland, 
 passed tlie 28th of June, was laid before Congress 
 and read," containing the following instructions to 
 their Deputies in Congress : " That the Deputies of 
 said Colony, or any three or more of them, be author- 
 ized and empowered to concur with the other United 
 Colonies, or a majority of them, in declaring the 
 United Colonies free and independent States ; in 
 forming such further compact and confederation 
 between them," etc. 
 
 The order of the day being read : 
 
 Jiesolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into 
 a Committee of the Whole, to take into consideration 
 the resolution respecting independency. 
 
 That the Declaration be referred to said Committee 
 
 The Congress resolved itself into a Committee of 
 the Whole. After sojne time, the President resumed 
 the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Com- 
 mittee had come to a resolution, which they desired 
 him to report, and to move for leave to sit again. 
 
 The resolution agreed to by the Committee of the 
 Whole being read, the determination thereof was, at 
 the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow. 
 
 Resuliied, That this Congress will, to-morrow, re- 
 solve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take 
 into consideration the Declaration respecting inde- 
 pendence. 
 
 Tuesday, July 2, 1776. 
 
 The Congress resumed the consideration of the res- 
 olution reported from the Committee of the Whole, 
 which was agreed to as follows : 
 
 Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of 
 right ought to be. Free and Independent States ; that 
 they are absolved from all allegiance to the British 
 crown, and tliat all political connection between them 
 and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, 
 totally dissolved. 
 
 Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re- 
 solved itself into a Committee of the Whole ; and, 
 after some time, the President resumed the chair, and 
 Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee have had 
 under consideration the Declaration to them referred ; 
 but not having had time to go through the same, de- 
 sired him to move for leave to sit again. 
 
 Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again 
 resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take 
 into their further consideration the Declaration re- 
 specting independence. 
 
 Wednesday, July 3, 1776. 
 
 Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re- 
 solved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take 
 into their further consideration the Declaration ; and, 
 after some time, the President resumed the chair, 
 and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee not 
 having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit 
 again. 
 
 Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again 
 resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take 
 into their further consideration the Declaration of 
 Independence. 
 
 Thursday, July 4, 1776. 
 
 Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re- 
 solved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take 
 into their further consideration the Declaration ; and, 
 after some time, the President resumed the chair, and 
 Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee had agreed 
 to a Declaration, which they desired him to report. 
 
 The Declaration being read, was agreed to as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 A declaration by the representatives op the 
 
 UNITED states OP AMERICA, IN CONGRESS AS- 
 SEMBLED. 
 
 When, in the course of human events, it becomes 
 necessary for one people to dls.solre the political bauds 
 which have connected them with another, and to as- 
 sume, among the powers of the earth, the separate 
 and equal station to which the laws of nature and of 
 nature's Uod entitle them, a decent respect to the 
 opinion of mankind requires that they should declare 
 the causes which impel them to the separation. 
 
 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all 
 men are created equal ; that they are endowed by 
 their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that 
 among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- 
 piness. That to secure these rights, governments are 
 Instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
 from the consent of the governed ; that whenever 
 any form of government becomes destructive of these 
 ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish 
 it, and to institute a new government, laying its 
 foundation on such principles, and organizing its 
 powers in such form, as to them shall seem most 
 likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, 
 indeed, will dictate that governments long established, 
 should not be changed for light and transient causes ; 
 and accordingly, all experience has shown, that man- 
 kind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are suf- 
 ferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the 
 forms to which they are accustomed. But when a 
 long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing Inva- 
 riably the same object, evinces a design to reduce 
 them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is 
 their duty, to throw off such government, and to pro- 
 vide new guards for their future security. Such has 
 been the patient sufferance of these Colonies, and 
 such is now the necessity which constrains them to 
 alter their former systems of government. The his- 
 tory of the present king of Great Britain, is a history 
 of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in 
 direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyr- 
 anny over these States. To prove this, let facts be 
 submitted to a candid world : 
 
 He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- 
 some and necessary for the public good. 
 
 He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of im- 
 mediate and pressing importance, unless suspended 
 in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; 
 and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to 
 attend to them. 
 
 He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- 
 modation of large districts of people, unless those 
 people would relinquish the right of representation 
 in the Legislature ; a right inestimable to them, and 
 formidable to tyrants only. 
 
 He has called together legislative bodies at places 
 unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depos- 
 itory of their public records, for the sole purpose of 
 fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 
 
 He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, 
 for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on 
 the rights of the people. 
 
 He has refused, for a long time after such dissolu- 
 tions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the 
 legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 
 returned to the people at large for their exercise ; 
 the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all 
 the danger of invasion from without, and convul- 
 sions within. 
 
 He has endeavored to prevent the population of 
 these States ; for that purpose, obstructing the laws 
 for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass 
 others to encourage their migration hither, and rais- 
 ing the conditions of new appropriations of lands. 
 
 He has obstructed the administration of justice, by 
 refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary 
 powers. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 485 
 
 He has made judges dependent on Lis will alone, 
 for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and 
 payment of tlieir salaries. 
 
 He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent 
 hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat 
 out their substance. 
 
 He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing 
 armies, without the consent of our Legislature. 
 
 He has affected to render the military independent 
 of, and superior to, the civil power. 
 
 He has combined, with others, to subject us to a 
 jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unac- 
 knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their 
 acts of pretended legislation. 
 
 For quartering large bodies of armed troops among 
 us : 
 
 For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punish- 
 ment, for any murders which they should commit on 
 the inhabitants of these States : 
 
 For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
 world : 
 
 For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 
 
 For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of 
 trial by jury : 
 
 For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for 
 pretended offenses : 
 
 For abolishing the free system of English laws, in 
 a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- 
 trary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as 
 to render it at once an example and fit instrument for 
 introducing the same absolute rule into these Colo- 
 nies : 
 
 For taking away our charters, abolishing our most 
 valuable laws, and altering fundamentally, the pow- 
 ers of our governments : 
 
 For suspending our own legislature, and declaring 
 themselves invested with power, to legislate for us in 
 all cases whatsoever. 
 
 He has abdicated government here, by declaring us 
 out of his protection, and waging war against us. 
 
 He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 
 burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our peo- 
 ple. 
 
 He is, at this time, transporting large armies of 
 foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, 
 desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- 
 stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in 
 the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
 head of a civilized nation. 
 
 He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken cap- 
 tive on the high seas, to bear arms against their coun- 
 try, to become the executioners of their friends and 
 brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 
 
 He has excited domestic insurrections among us, 
 and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our 
 frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known 
 rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of 
 all ages, sexes, and conditions. 
 
 In every stage of these oppressions, we have peti- 
 tioned for redress in the mo.st huml>le terms ; our re- 
 peated petitions have been answered only by repeated 
 injury. A prince, wliose character is thus marked 
 by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be 
 the ruler of a free people. 
 
 Nor have we been wanting in attention to our 
 British brethren. We have warned them, from time 
 to time, of attempts made by their Legislature to ex- 
 tend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have 
 reminded them of the circumstancea of our emigra- 
 tion and settlement here. We have appealed to their 
 native justice and magnanimity, and we have con- 
 jured tliera, by the ties of our common kindred, to 
 disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably 
 interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, 
 too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and con- 
 sanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the 
 necessity which demands our separation, and hold 
 
 them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in 
 war, iu peace friends. 
 
 We, therefore, the Representatives of the United 
 States of America, in General Congress assembled, 
 appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the 
 rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by 
 the authority of the good people of these Colonies, 
 solemnly publish and declare. That these United 
 Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, free and in- 
 depende.nt States; that they are absolved from all 
 allegiance to the British crown, and that all political 
 connection between them and the State of Great 
 Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and 
 that, as free and independent States, they have full 
 power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, 
 establish commerce, and to do all other acts and 
 things which independent States may of right do. 
 And, for the support of this Declaration, with a firm 
 reliance on tlie protection of Divine Providence, we 
 mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our for- 
 tunes, and our sacred honor. John Hancock. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, 
 
 Matthew Thornton. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 
 
 Samuel Adams, Robert Treat Paine, 
 
 John Adams, El bridge Gerry. 
 
 RHODE I8L.\ND. 
 
 Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Roger Sherman, William Williams, 
 
 Samuel Huntington, Oliver Wolcott. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 William Floyd, Francis Lewis, 
 
 Philip Livingston, Lewis Morris. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Richard Stockton, Francis Hopkinson, 
 
 John Witherspoon, John Hart, 
 
 Abraham Clark. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Robert Harris, George Clymer, 
 
 Benjamin Rush, James Smith, 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, George Taylor, 
 
 John Morton, James Wilson, 
 
 George Ross. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Csesar Rodney, George Read, 
 
 Thomas McKean. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Samnel Chase, [ton, 
 
 Charles Carrol], of Carroll- 
 
 William Paca, 
 Thomas Stone. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 George Wythe, Benjamin Harrison, 
 
 Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Nelson, Jr., 
 
 Thomas Jefferson, Francis Lightfoot Lee 
 
 Carter Braxton. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, 
 
 John Penn. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Edward Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Jr., 
 
 Thomas Hey wood, Jr., Arthur Middleton. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Button Gwinnet, Lyman Hall, 
 
 George Walton. 
 
486 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Mesolved, That copies of tlie Declaration be sent mandiiig Officers of the Continental Troops; tliatitbe 
 to tlie several Assemblies, Conventions, and Commit- proclaimed in each of tlie United States, and at the 
 tees, or Councils of Safety, and to the several Com- ' liead of the Army. 
 
 SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION 
 
 IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. 
 
 The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 1774 to 1788), is given 
 separately for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth and the time of their respective 
 deaths, for convenient reference. For further information respecting these men, see " Biographical 
 Annals." 
 
 Names of the Signera. 
 
 Delegated from. 
 
 Adams, John 
 
 Adams, Samuel 
 
 Bartlett, Josiah 
 
 Braxton, Carter 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton 
 
 Chase, Samuel 
 
 Clark, Abraham 
 
 Clvmer, George 
 
 Ellery, William 
 
 Floyd, William 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge 
 
 Gwinnett, Button 
 
 Hall , Lyman 
 
 Hancock, John 
 
 Harrison, Benjamin 
 
 Hart, John 
 
 Heyward, Thomas, Jr 
 
 Hewes, Joseph 
 
 Hooper, William 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen 
 
 Hopkinson, Francis 
 
 Huntington, Samuel 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas 
 
 Lee, Francis Lightfoot 
 
 Lee, Richard Henry 
 
 Lewis, Francis 
 
 Livingston, Philip 
 
 Lynch, Thomas, Jr 
 
 McKean, Thomas 
 
 Middleton, Arthur 
 
 Morris, Lewis . . 
 
 Morris, Robert 
 
 Morton, John 
 
 Nelson, Thomas, Jr 
 
 Paca, William 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat 
 
 Penn, John 
 
 Read, George 
 
 Rodney, Caesar 
 
 Ross, George 
 
 Rush, Benjamin, M.D 
 
 Rutledge, Edward 
 
 Sherman, Roger 
 
 Smith, James 
 
 Stockton, Richard 
 
 Stone, Thomas 
 
 Taylor, George 
 
 Thornton, Matthew 
 
 Walton, George 
 
 Whipi)le, William 
 
 Williams, William 
 
 Wilson, James 
 
 Witherspoon, John 
 
 Wolcott, Oliver 
 
 Wythe, George 
 
 17^2 
 1731 
 1737 
 
 Braintree, Mass Oct. 19, 1735 
 
 Bo.ston, Mass Sept. 37, 1733 
 
 Amesbury, Mass in Nov., 1739 
 
 Newington, Va Sept. 10, 173G 
 
 Annapolis, Md Sept. 30, 1737 
 
 Somerset Co., Md April 17, 1741 
 
 Elizabethtown, N. J Feb. 15, 172G 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa in 1739 
 
 Newport, R. I Dec. 33, 1727 
 
 Suffolk Co., N. T Dec. 17, 1734 
 
 Boston, Mass Jan. 17, 1700 
 
 Marblehead, Mass July 17, 1744 
 
 England in 
 
 Connecticut in 
 
 Braintree, Mass in 
 
 Berkeley, Va 
 
 Hopewell, N, J about 1715 
 
 St. Luke's, S. Co in 174(- 
 
 Kingston, N. J in 1730 
 
 Boston, Mass June 17, 1742 
 
 ituate, R. I March 7, 170"; 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa in 1737 
 
 Windham, Conn July 3, 1732 
 
 Shadwell, Va April 13, 1743 
 
 Stratford , Va Oct. 14, 1 734 
 
 Stratford, Va Jan. 20, 1732 
 
 Landaff, Wales in Mar., 1713 
 
 .\lbany, N. Y Jan. 15, 171G 
 
 St. George's, SO Aug. 5, 1749 
 
 Chester Co., Pa March 19, 1734 
 
 Middleton Place, S.C... in 1743 
 
 Morri.sania, N. Y in 172G 
 
 Lancashire, Eng Jan., 1733-'4 
 
 Ridley, Pa in 
 
 York, Va Dec. 
 
 Wye Hill, Md Oct. 
 
 Boston, Mass in 
 
 Caroline Co., Va May 
 
 Cecil Co., Md in 
 
 Dover, Del in 
 
 New Castle, Del in 
 
 By berry. Pa Dec. 
 
 Charleston, S. C in Nov. 
 
 Newton, Mass April 19, 1721 
 
 Ireland .... 
 
 1734 
 
 26, 1738 
 
 31, 1740 
 
 1731 
 
 17, 1741 
 
 17.34 
 
 1730 
 
 1730 
 
 174r 
 
 1749 
 
 24, 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Maryland 
 
 New Jersey , 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 R. L and Prov. PI.... 
 
 New York 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Massachusetts , 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Virginia 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Xorth Carolina 
 
 R. I. and Prov. PL. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Virginia 
 
 New York 
 
 New Y'ork 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Delaware 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 New York 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Penn.sylvania 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Pennvslvania 
 
 Princeton, N. J Oct. 
 
 Charles Co., Md in 1742 
 
 Ireland in 1716 
 
 Ireland in 1714 
 
 Frederick Co. , Va in 1740 
 
 Kittery, Me in 1730 
 
 Lebanon, Conn April 8, 1731 
 
 Scotland about 1742 
 
 ersey. 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 New Hampshire. . . 
 
 Georgia 
 
 New Hampshire. . . 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 July 
 
 Oct. 
 
 May 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 June 
 
 Sept., 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 April 
 
 Nov. 
 
 May 
 
 Feb., 
 
 Oct. 
 
 April, 
 
 March, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Oct., 
 
 July 
 
 May 
 
 Jan. 
 
 July 
 
 April, 
 
 June 
 
 Dec. 
 
 June 
 
 Lost at 
 
 June 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 May 
 
 April, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Yester, Scotland Feb. 5, 1722|New Jersey. 
 
 Windsor, Conn Nov. 26, 1736|Connecticut. 
 
 Elizabeth City Co., Va. .in 1726jVirginia 
 
 May 
 Oct. 
 
 July, 
 
 April 
 
 Jan. 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 June 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 June 
 
 1826 
 1803 
 179.5 
 1797 
 1833 
 1811 
 1794 
 1813 
 1820 
 1821 
 1790 
 1 14 
 1777 
 1790 
 1793 
 1791 
 1780 
 1809 
 1779 
 1790 
 1785 
 1790 
 1796 
 1826 
 1797 
 1794 
 1803 
 1778 
 1779 
 1817 
 1787 
 1798 
 1806 
 1777 
 1789 
 1799 
 1804 
 1809 
 1798 
 1783 
 1779 
 1813 
 1800 
 1793 
 1806 
 1781 
 1787 
 1781 
 1803 
 1805 
 1785 
 1811 
 1798 
 1794 
 1797 
 1806 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
 
 For further information respecting these men, tee Biographical Annals. 
 FROM 1774 TO 1788. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHinE. 
 
 Bartlett, Josiah 1775-'79 
 
 Blanchard, Jonathan 1783-'84 
 
 Folaom, Nathaniel 1774-'75 
 
 1777-'78 
 
 1779-'80 
 
 Foster, Abiel 1783-'85 
 
 Frost, George 1777-79 
 
 Oilman, John Taylor 1782-'83 
 
 Oilman, Nicholas 1786-'88 
 
 Langdon, John 1776-'77 
 
 " 1786-'87 
 
 Langdon, Woodbury 1779-80 
 
 Livermore, Samuel 1780-'83 
 
 " 1785-'86 
 
 Long, Pierce 1784— '86 
 
 Peabody, Nathaniel 1779-'80 
 
 Sullivan, John 1774-75 
 
 " 1780-'81 
 
 Thornton, Matthew 1776-78 
 
 Wentworth, John, Jr 1778-79 
 
 Whipple. William 1776-79 
 
 White, Phillips 178a-'83 
 
 Wingate, Paine 1787-'88 
 
 MABSACHU8BTT8. 
 
 Adams, John 1774-78 
 
 Adams, Samuel 1774-'82 
 
 Gushing, Thomas 1774-76 
 
 Dana, Francis 1776-78 
 
 " 1784-'84 
 
 Dane, Nathan 178.5-'88 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge 1 776-'81 
 
 1783-'85 
 
 Gorman, Nathaniel 1782-'83 
 
 178o-'87 
 
 Hancock, John 1775-80 
 
 " 1785-'86 
 
 Higginson, Stephen 1788-'83 
 
 Holten, Samuel 1778-80 
 
 " 1783-'83 
 
 " 1784-'85 
 
 " 1786-'87 
 
 Jackson, Jonathan 1782-82 
 
 King, Ruf us 1784-'87 
 
 Lovell, James 1776-82 
 
 Lowell, John 1782-'83 
 
 Osgood, Samuel 1780-'84 
 
 Otis, Samuel A 1787-88 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat 1774-78 
 
 Partridge, George 1779-83 
 
 " 1783-'85 
 
 Sedgwick, Theodore 1785-88 
 
 Sullivan, James 1783-'82 
 
 Thacher, George 1787-'88 
 
 Ward, Artemas 1780-81 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Arnold, Jonathan 1782-'84 
 
 Arnold, Peleg 1787-'89 
 
 Collins, John 1778-83 
 
 Cornell, E^ekiel 1780-83 
 
 Ellerv, William 1776-'81 
 
 " 1783-'85 
 
 Hazard, Jonathan J 1787-89 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen 1774-'80 
 
 Howell, David 1782-'85 
 
 Manning, James 1785-'86 
 
 Marchant, Henry 1777-'80 
 
 " 1783-'84 
 
 Miller, Nathan 1785-86 
 
 Mowry, Daniel 1780- '82 
 
 Varnum, James M 1780-'82 
 
 " 1786-87 
 
 Ward, Samuel 1774-'76 
 
 CONNECTICDT. 
 
 Adams, Andrew 1777-'80 
 
 *' " 1781— *82 
 
 Cooke, Joseph P . V. V.V. V. ". '. '. . '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. *. '. 1784-'88 
 
 Deane, Silas 1774-'76 
 
 Dyer, Eliphalet 1774-79 
 
 1780-83 
 
 Edwards, Pierpont 1787-88 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver 1 777-'84 
 
 Hillhouse, William 1783-'86 
 
 Hosmer, Titus 1775-'76 
 
 " 1777-79 
 
 Huntington, Benjamin , 1780- '84 
 
 1787-'88 
 
 Huntington, Samuel 1776- '84 
 
 Johnson, William S 1784-'87 
 
 Law, Richard 1777-78 
 
 1781-'84 
 
 Mitchell, Stephen M 1783-84 
 
 1785-86 
 
 1787-88 
 
 Root, Jesse 1778-'83 
 
 Sherman, Roger 1774- '84 
 
 Spencer, Joseph 1777-79 
 
 Strong, Jedediah 1782-'84 
 
 Sturges, Jonathan 1785-87 
 
 Tread well , John 1785-'86 
 
 Trumbull, Joseph 1774-'75 
 
 Wadsworth, James 1783-'84 
 
 " 1785-'86 
 
 Wadsworth, Jeremiah 1787-88 
 
 Williams, William 1776-78 
 
 Williams, William 1783-'84 
 
 Wolcott, Oliver 1775-78 
 
 " 1780-'84 
 
 NEW TOUK. 
 
 Alsop, John 1774-'76 
 
 Benson, Egbert 1784-'85 
 
 ■• 1786-'88 
 
 Boerum, Simon 1774-'77 
 
 Clinton, George 1775-77 
 
 De Witt, Charles 1783-85 
 
 Duane, James 1774-'84 
 
 Duer, William 1777-78 
 
 Floyd, William 1774-'77 
 
 " 1778-'83 
 
 Oansevoort, Leonard 1787-'88 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander 1782-'83 
 
 1787 '8S 
 
 Haring, John 1774-'75 
 
 " 1785-88 
 
 Jay, John 1774-77 
 
 " 1778-79 
 
 Lansing, John 1784-'88 
 
 Lawrence, John 1785-'87 
 
 Lewis, Francis 1777-70 
 
 L'Hommedieu, Ezra 1779-'83 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 L'Hommedieu, Ezra 1787-'88 
 
 Livingston, Philip 1774-78 
 
 Livingston, Robert R 1775-'77 
 
 " 1779-'81 
 
 Livingston, Walter 1784-'8o 
 
 Low, Isaac 1774-'75 
 
 McDougall, Alexander 1781-82 
 
 1784-85 
 
 Morris, Qouverneur 1777-'80 
 
 Morris, Lewis 1775-'77 
 
 Paine, Ephraim 1784-'85 
 
 Piatt, Zephauiah 1784-'86 
 
 Schuyler, Philip 1775-75 
 
 " 1778-'81 
 
 Scott, John Morin 1780-'83 
 
 Smith, Melancthon 1785-'88 
 
 Wisner, Henry 1774-76 
 
 Tates Abraham, Jr '. . .1787-*88 
 
 Yates, Peter W 1785-87 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Beattv. John 1783-'85 
 
 Boudinot, Elias 1777-'78 
 
 I " 1781-84 
 
 Burnett, W 1780-'81 
 
 Cad walader, Lambert 1784— '87 
 
 Clark, Abraham " 1776-'82 
 
 1787-'88 
 
 Condict, Silas 1781-'84 
 
 Cooper, John 1776—76 
 
 Crane, Stephen 1774-76 
 
 Dayton, Elias. Declined 1770-'88 
 
 Dayton, Jonathan 1787-'89 
 
 De Hart, John 1774-76 
 
 Dick, Samuel 178a-'84 
 
 Elmer, Jonathan 1776-78 
 
 1780-'84 
 
 1787-'89 
 
 Fell. John 1778-80 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Frederick 1778-79 
 
 1782-83 
 
 Hart, John 1776-77 
 
 Henderson, Thomas 1779-'80 
 
 Hopkinton, Francis 1776-77 
 
 Horn blower, Josiah 1785-'86 
 
 Houston, William C 1779-'82 
 
 1784-'85 
 
 Kinsev, James 1774-75 
 
 Livingston, William 1774-76 
 
 Neil son, John 1778-79 
 
 Patterson, William 1780-'81 
 
 Scheurman, J 1786-'87 
 
 Scudder, Nathaniel 1777-78 
 
 Sergeant, Jonathan D 1776-77 
 
 Smith, Richard 1774-76 
 
 Stevens, John, Senior 1783-'84 
 
 Stewart, Charles 1784-'85 
 
 Stockton, Richard 1776-77 
 
 Svmmes, John C 1785-'86 
 
 Witherspoon, John 1776-82 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Allen, Andrew 1775-76 
 
 Armstrong, John 1778-'80 
 
 " 1787-'88 
 
 Atlee, Samuel 177a-'82 
 
 Bayard, John 1785-'87 
 
 Biddle, Edward 1774-76 
 
 " 1778-79 
 
 Bingham, William 1787-88 
 
 Clarkson, Matthew 1785-'86 
 
 Clingan, William 1777-79 
 
 Clymer, George 1776-78 
 
 " 1780-'83 
 
 Dickinson, John 1774-76 
 
 Fitzsimmons, Thomas 1782-'83 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin 1775-76 
 
 Galloway. Joseph 1774-75 
 
 Gardner. Joseph 1784^'85 
 
 Hand, Edward 1784-'85 
 
 Henry, William 1784-'86 
 
 Humphreys, Charles 1774-76 
 
 Ingersoll, Jared 1780-'81 
 
 Irwine, William 17S6-'88 
 
 Jackson, David 1785-'86 
 
 Matlack, Timothy 1780-'81 
 
 McClene, James 1778-'80 
 
 Meredith. Samuel 1787-'88 
 
 Mifflin, Thomas 1774^76 
 
 " 1782-'84 
 
 Montgomery, Joseph 1780-'84 
 
 Morris, Charles 1783-'84 
 
 Morris, Robert 1776-78 
 
 Morton, John 1774-77 
 
 Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778-'80 
 
 Peters, Richard 1782-'83 
 
 Pettit, Charles 1785-'87 
 
 Read, J 1787-'88 
 
 Reed, Joseph 1777-78 
 
 Rhodes, Samuel 1774-75 
 
 Roberdeau, Daniel 1777-79 
 
 Ross, George 1774-77 
 
 Rush, Benjamin 1776-77 
 
 Searle, James 1778-'80 
 
 Shippen, William 1778-'80 
 
 Smith, James 1776-78 
 
 Smith, Jonathan B 1777-78 
 
 Smith, Thomas 1780-'82 
 
 St. Clair, Arthur 1785-'87 
 
 Taylor, George 1776-77 
 
 Willing, Thomas 1775-76 
 
 Wilson, James 1775-78 
 
 ■' 1782-'83 
 
 " 1785-'87 
 
 Wynkoop, Henry 1779-'83 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Bedford, Gunning 1783-'85 
 
 1786-'87 
 
 Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785-86 
 
 Dickinson, John 1776-77 
 
 •• 1779-'80 
 
 Dickinson, Philemon 1782-'83 
 
 Evans, John 1776-77 
 
 Kearney, Dyre 1786-'88 
 
 McComb, Eleazer 1782-'84 
 
 McKean, Thomas 1774-76 
 
 " 1778-"88 
 
 Mitchell, Nathaniel 1786-'88 
 
 Patton,John 1785-'86 
 
 Peery, William 1785-'86 
 
 Read, George 1 774-77 
 
 Rodney, Caesar 1774-77 
 
 •' '■ 1777-78 
 
 1783-'84 
 
 Rodney. Thomas 1781-'83 
 
 " " 1785-87 
 
 Sykes, James 1777-78 
 
 Tilton, James 1783-'85 
 
 Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777-82 
 
 Vining, John 1784-|86 
 
 Wharton, Samuel 1782-'83 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Alexander, Robert 1775-77 
 
 Carmichael, William 1778-80 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton 1776-78 
 
 Carroll, Daniel 1780-'84 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah T ^Z§^!?* 
 
 Chase, Samuel 1774-78 
 
 •• 1784-'85 
 
 Contee, Benjamin 1787-88 
 
 Forbes, James 1778-'80 
 
 Forrest, Uriah 178G-'87 
 
TABULAR RECORDI 
 
 489 
 
 Goldsborougli, Robert 1774-75 
 
 Hall, Johu 1775-'76 
 
 1783-84 
 
 Hanson, John 1781-'83 
 
 Harrison, William 1785-87 
 
 Hemsley, William 1782-'84 
 
 Henry, John ... , 1778-81 
 
 " 1784-'87 
 
 Hindman, William 1784-'87 
 
 Howard, John E 1787-'88 
 
 Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas 1778-83 
 
 Johnson, Thomas 1775-77 
 
 Lee, Thomas Sim 1783-'84 
 
 Lloyd, Edward 1783-84 
 
 Martin, Luther 1784-'85 
 
 McHenry, James 1783-'86 
 
 Paca, William 1774-'79 
 
 Plater, George 1778-'81 
 
 Potts, Richard 1781-'82 
 
 Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785-'87 
 
 Ridgely, Richard 1785-'86 
 
 Rogers, John 1775-76 
 
 Ross, David 1786-'87 
 
 Rumsey, Benjamin 1776 78 
 
 Scott, Gustavus 1784-'85 
 
 Seney, Joshua 1787-'88 
 
 Smith, William 1777-78 
 
 Stone, Thomas Declined 1775-79 
 
 " 1784-'85 
 
 Tilghman, Matthew 1774-77 
 
 Wright, Turbett 1781-82 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Adams, Thomas 1778-'82 
 
 Banister, John 1778-79 
 
 Bland, Richard 1774-76 
 
 Bland, Theodoric 1780-83 
 
 Braxton, Carter 1776-76 
 
 Brown, John 1787-'88 
 
 Carrington, Edward 1785-'86 
 
 Fitzhugh, William 1779-'80 
 
 Fleming, William 1779-81 
 
 Gravson, William 1784-'87 
 
 Griffin, Gyrus 1778-'81 
 
 " 1787-'88 
 
 Hardy, Samuel 1783-'85 
 
 Harrison, Benjamin 1774-78 
 
 Harvie, John 1778-79 
 
 Henry, James 1780-'81 
 
 Henry, Patrick 1774-76 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas 1775-77 
 
 " 1783-'85 
 
 Jones, Joseph 1777-78 
 
 " 1780-'83 
 
 Lee, Arthur 1781-'84 
 
 Lee, Francis Lightfoot 1775-'80 
 
 Lee, Henry 1785-'88 
 
 Lee, Richard Henry 1774-'80 
 
 " 1784-'87 
 
 Madison, James, Jr 1780-'83 
 
 " 1786-'88 
 
 Mercer, James 1779-'80 
 
 Mercer, John F 1782-'85 
 
 Monroe, James 1783-'86 
 
 Nelson, Thomas 1775-77 
 
 " 1779-80 
 
 Page, Mann 1777-77 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund 1774-75 
 
 Randolph, Edmund 1779-82 
 
 Randolph, Peyton 1774-75 
 
 Smith, Merewether 1778-'82 
 
 Washington, George 1774—75 
 
 Wythe, George 1775-77 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Ashe, John B 1787-'88 
 
 Bloodworth, Timothy 1786-'87 
 
 Blount, William 1782-'83 
 
 " 1786-87 
 
 Burke, Thomas 1777-81 
 
 Burton, Robert 1787-88 
 
 Caswell, Richard 1774-76 
 
 Cumming, William 1784^'84 
 
 Harnett, Cornelius 1777-'80 
 
 Hawkins, Benjamin 1781-84 
 
 " 1786-'87 
 
 Hewes, Joseph 1774-77 
 
 " 1779-80 
 
 Hill, Whitmill 1778-'81 
 
 Hooper, William 1774-77 
 
 Johnston, Samuel 1780-'82 
 
 Jones, Allen 1779-80 
 
 Jones, Willie 1780-81 
 
 Nash, Abner 1782-'84 
 
 " 1785-86 
 
 Penn, John 1775-76 
 
 " 1777-'80 
 
 Sharpe, William 1779-'83 
 
 Sitgreaves, John 1784-'85 
 
 Spaight, Richard D 1783-85 
 
 Swan, John 1787-88 
 
 White, Alexander 1786-88 
 
 Williams, John 1778-79 
 
 Williamson, Hugh 1782- '85 
 
 " 1787-'88 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 Bee, Thomas 1780-'83 
 
 Beresford, Richard 1783-85 
 
 Bull, John 1784-'87 
 
 Cutler, Pierce 1787-'88 
 
 Drayton, William Henry 1778-79 
 
 Eveleigh, Nicholas 1781-'83 
 
 Gadsden, Christopher 1774-76 
 
 Gervais, John L 1782-'83 
 
 Hey ward, Thomas, Jr 1776-78 
 
 Huger, Daniel 1786-88 
 
 Hutson, Richard 1778-79 
 
 Izard, Ralph 1782-83 
 
 Kean, John 1785-'87 
 
 Kinloch, Francis 1780-81 
 
 Laurens, Henry 1777-80 
 
 Lynch, Thomas 1774-76 
 
 Lynch, Thomas, Jr 1776-77 
 
 Matthews, John 1778-'83 
 
 Middleton, Arthur 1776-78 
 
 " 1781-83. 
 
 Middleton, Henry 1774-76 
 
 Motte, Isaac 1780-82 ■ 
 
 Parker, John 1786-'88 
 
 Pinckney, Charles 1777-78 
 
 1784-W 
 
 Ramsay, David 1782-84: 
 
 " 178.5-86 
 
 Read, Jacob 1783-'85- 
 
 Rutledge, Edward 1774-77 
 
 Rutledge, John 1774^77 
 
 •■ 1782-'83 
 
 Trapier, Paul 1777-78 
 
 Tucker, Thomas T 1787-88 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Baldwin, Abraham 1785-'88 
 
 Brownson, Nathan 1776-78 
 
 Bullock, Archibald 1775-76 
 
 Clay, Joseph 1778-'80 
 
 Few, William lT80-'83 
 
 Gibbons, WilYiam.'.' .' .'.'.' .' .".'.' ." .'.".'.'.'.!'.'.'. '.'.'.'. 'a784-'S6 
 
 Gwinnett, Button 1776-77 
 
 Habersham, John 1785-'86 
 
 Hall, Lyman 1775 79 
 
 Houston, John 177.5-77 
 
 Houston, William 1784-'8T 
 
490 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Howley, Richard 1780-'81 
 
 Jones, Noble Wiinberly 1775-76 
 
 " 1781-'83 
 
 Lang worthy, Edward 1777-'79 
 
 Pierce, W 1786-'87 
 
 Telfair, Edward 1777-79 
 
 Telfair, Edward 1780-'83 
 
 Walton, George 1776-79 
 
 ■' 1780-'81 
 
 Wood, Joseph 1777-79 
 
 Zubly, John J 1775-76 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
 
 FROM 1774 TO 1788. 
 
 Peyton Randolph Virginia Sept. 5, 1774. 
 
 Henry Middleton South Carolina. Oct. S2, 1774. 
 
 Peyton Randolph Virginia May 10, 1775. 
 
 John Hancock Massachusetts. May 24, 1775. 
 
 Henry Laurens South Carolina.Nov. 1, 1777. 
 
 Jolin Jay New York Dec. 10, 1778. 
 
 Samuel Huntington. . .Connecticut. . ..Sept. 28, 1779. 
 
 Thomas McKean Delaware July 10, 1781. 
 
 John Hanson Maryland Nov. 5, 1781. 
 
 Elias Boudinot New Jersey .... Nov. 4, 1 783. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin Pennsylvania. .Nov. 3,1763. 
 
 Richard Henry Lee. . .Virginia Nov. 30. 1784. 
 
 Nathaniel Gofham. . . .Massachusetts.. June 6, 1786. 
 
 Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania. .Feb. 2, 1787. 
 
 Cyrus Griffin Virginia Jan. 22, 1788. 
 
 SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
 
 The sessions of the Continental Congress were 
 commenced as follows: — 
 
 September 5, 1774. also May 10, 1775, at Philadel- 
 phia ; December 20, 1776, at Baltimore ; March 4, 1777 
 at Philadelphia; September 27,1777, aX Lancaster, 
 Pennsylvania ; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsyl- 
 vania; July 2, 1778, at Philadelphia; June 30, 1783, 
 aX Pnneeton, New Jersey; November 26, 1783, at 
 
 Annapolis, Maryland ; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, 
 New Jer.sey ; January 11, 1785, at Hew York, which, 
 from that time, continued to be the place of meeting 
 until the adoption of the Constitution of the United 
 States. From 1781 to 1788 Congress met annually on 
 the first Monday in November, pursuant to the Arti- 
 cles of Confederation. 
 
 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 
 
 TO ALL TO ■WHOM THESE PKESENTS SHALL COME, WE, THE UNDEnSlONED, DELEGATES OF THE STATES 
 AFFIXED TO OUR N.^MES, SEND GREETING : 
 
 Wliereas the delegates of the United States of 
 America in Congress assembled did, on the fifteenth 
 day of November, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and in the 
 second year of the iudependence of America, agree to 
 certain articles of confederation and perpetual Union 
 between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts 
 Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Con- 
 necticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
 Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South 
 Carolina, and Georgia, in the words following, viz. : 
 
 Artirles of Confederation and perpetual Union between 
 the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, 
 Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecti- 
 cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela- 
 ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South 
 Carolina, and Oeorgia. 
 
 AUTICLR 1. The style of this confederacy shall be, 
 " Tlie United States of America." 
 
 Art. 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, free- 
 dom, and independence, and every power, jurisdic- 
 tion, and right, which is not by this confederation ex- 
 pressly delegated to the United States in Congress 
 assembled. 
 
 Art. 3. The said States hereby severally enter into 
 a firm league of friendship with each other for their 
 common defense, the security of their liberties, and 
 their mutual and general welfare ; binding them- 
 selves. to assist each other against all force offered 
 to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on 
 account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other 
 ;ipretence whatever. 
 
 Art. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mu- 
 tual friendship nnd intercourse among the people of 
 the different States in this Union, the free inhabit- 
 ants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and 
 fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to 
 all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the 
 several States ; and the people of each State shall 
 have free ingress and regress to and from any other 
 State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of 
 trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, im- 
 positions, and restrictions, as the inhabilants thereof 
 respectively ; provided that such restrictions shall 
 not extend so far as to prevent the removal of prop- 
 erty imported into any State to any other State, of 
 which the owner is an inhabitant ; provided al.so, 
 that no imposition, duties, or restriction, shall be 
 laid by any State on the property of the United 
 States or either of them. 
 
 If any person guilty of or charged with treason, 
 felony, or other high misdemeanor, in any State, shall 
 flee from justice, and be found in any of the United 
 States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or Ex- 
 ecutive power of the State from wliicli he fled, be 
 delivered up and removed to the State having juris- 
 diction of his offense. 
 
 Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these 
 States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings 
 of the courts and magistrates of every other State. 
 
 Art. 5. For the more convenient management of 
 the general interests of the United States, delegates 
 shall be annually appointed in such manner as the 
 Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in 
 Congress on the first Monday in November in every 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 491 
 
 year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its 
 delegates, or any of them, at any time within the 
 year, and to send others in tlieir stead for the re- 
 mainder of the year. 
 
 No State shall be represented in Congress by less 
 than two, nor by more than seven members ; and no 
 person shall be capable of being a delegate for more 
 than three years in any terra of six years ; nor shall 
 any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding 
 any ofiRce under the United States, for which he, or 
 another foi- his benefit, receives any salary, fees, or 
 emoluments of any kind. 
 
 Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a 
 meeting of the States, and while they act as mem- 
 bers of the committee of the States. 
 
 In determining questions in the United States in 
 Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. 
 
 Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall 
 not be impeached or questioned in any court or place 
 out of Congress ; and the members of Congress shall 
 be protected in their persons from arrests and im- 
 prisonments during the time of their going to and 
 from and attendance on Congress, except for treason, 
 felony, or breach of the peace. 
 
 AuT. 6. No State, without the consent of the 
 United States in Congress assembled, shall send any 
 embassy to, or receive any embas.sy from, or enter 
 into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty, 
 with any king, prince, or state; nor shall any person 
 holding any office of profit or trust under the United 
 States, or any of them, accept of any present, emolu- 
 ment, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any 
 king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the United 
 States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant 
 any title of nobility. 
 
 No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, 
 confederation, or alliance whatever, between them, 
 without the consent of the United States in Congress 
 assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for 
 which the same is to be entered into, and how long it 
 shall continue. 
 
 No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may 
 interfere with any stipulations in treaties entered into 
 by the United States in Conaress assembled, with any 
 king, prince, or state, in pursuance of any treaties 
 already proposed by Congress to the courts of France 
 and Spain. 
 
 No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace 
 by any State, except such number only as shall be 
 deemed necessary by the United States in Congress 
 assembled for the defen.se of such State or its trade ; 
 nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State 
 in time of peace except such number only, as in the 
 judgment of the United States in Congress assembled, 
 shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts neces- 
 sary for the defense of such State ; but every State 
 shall always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined 
 militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall 
 provide and have constantly ready for use, in public 
 stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a 
 proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equi- 
 page. 
 
 No State shall engage in any war without the con- 
 sent of the United States in Congress assembled, un- 
 less such State be actually invaded by enemies, or 
 shall have received certain advice of a resolution 
 being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such 
 State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit 
 of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled 
 can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant commis- 
 sions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of 
 marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of 
 war by the United States in Congress assembled, and 
 then only against the kingdom or State, and the sub- 
 jects thereof, against which war has been so declared, 
 and under such regulations as shall be established by 
 the United States in Congress assembled, unless such 
 
 State be infested by pirates, in wliich case vessels of 
 war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so 
 long as the danger shall continue, or until the United 
 States in Congress assembled shall determine other- 
 wise. 
 
 Art. 7. When land forces are raised by any State 
 for the common defense, all officers of or under the 
 rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature 
 of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall 
 be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, 
 and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which 
 first made the appointment. 
 
 Art. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses 
 that shall be incurred for the common defense or 
 general warfare, and allowed by the United States in 
 Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a com- 
 mon treasury, which shall be supplied by the several 
 States in proportion to the value of all land within 
 each State granted to or surveyed for any person, as 
 such land and the buildings and improvements there- 
 on shall be estimated according to such mode as the 
 United States in Congress assembled shall from time 
 to time direct and appoint. 
 
 The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid 
 and levied by the authority and direction of the legis- 
 latures of the several States, within the time agreed 
 upon by the United States in Congress assembled. 
 
 Art. 9. The United States in Congress assembled 
 shall have the sole and exclusive riglit and power of 
 determining on peace and war, except in the cases 
 mentioned in the sixth article — of sending and re- 
 ceiving ambassadors — entering into treaties and alli- 
 ances ; provided, that no treaty of commerce shall be 
 made whereby the legislative power of the respective 
 States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts 
 and duties on foreigners as their own people are sub- 
 jected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or 
 importation of any species of goods or commodities 
 whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all 
 cases what captures on land or water shall be legal, 
 and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval 
 forces in the service of the United States shall be 
 divided or appropriated — of granting letters of marque 
 and reprisal in times of peace — appointing courts for 
 the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the 
 high seas, and establishing courts for receiving and 
 determining finally appeals in all cases of captures ; 
 provided, that no Member of Congress shall be ap- 
 pointed a judge of any of the said courts. 
 
 The United States in Congress assembled shall also 
 be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differ- 
 ences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise be- 
 tween two or more States concerning boundary, juris- 
 diction, or any other cause whatever; %vhich autho- 
 rity shall always be exercised in the manner following: 
 whenever the legislatiye or executive authority or 
 lawful agent of any State in controversj- with another 
 shall present a petition to Congress, stating the mat- 
 ter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice 
 thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the 
 legislative or executive authority of the other State 
 in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance 
 of the parties, by their lawful agents, who shall then 
 be directed to appoint by joint consent commissioners 
 or judges to constitute a court for hearing and deter- 
 mining the matter in question ; but if they cannot 
 agree. Congress shall name three persons out of each 
 of the United States, and from the list of such persons 
 each party shall alternately strike out one. the iieti- 
 tioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced 
 to thirteen ; and from that number not less than 
 seven nor more than nine names, as Congress shall 
 direct, shall, in the presence of Congress, be drawn 
 out by lot ; and the persons whose names shall be so 
 drawn, or any five of them, shall be commissioners or 
 judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, 
 so always as a major part of the judges, who shall 
 
493 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 hear the cause, shall agree in the determination ; 
 and if eitlier party shall neglect to attend at the day 
 appointed, without showing reasons which Congress 
 shall judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to 
 strilte, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three 
 persons out of each State, and the Secretary of Con- 
 gress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or 
 refusinsf ; and the judgment and sentence of the 
 court, to be appointed in the manner before pre- 
 scribed, shall iSe final and conclusive ; and if any of 
 the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of 
 such court, or to appear, or defend their claim or 
 cause, the court shall, nevertheless, proceed to pro- 
 nounce sentence or judgment, which shall, in like 
 manner, be final and decisive, the judgment or sen- 
 tence and other proceedings being in either case 
 transmitted to Congress, and lodjjed among the Acts 
 of t!ongress for the security of the parties concerned; 
 provided, that every commissioner, before he sits in 
 judgment, shall take an oath, to be administered by 
 one of the judges of the Supreme or Superior Court 
 of the State, where the cause shall be tried, "well 
 and truly to hear and determine the matter in ques- 
 tion, according to the best of his judgment, without 
 favor, affection, or hope of reward ; " provided, also, 
 that no State shall be deprived of territory for the 
 benefit of the United States. 
 
 All controversies concerning the private right of 
 soil, claimed under different grants of two or more 
 States, whose jurisdiction as they may respect such 
 lands and the States which passed such grants are 
 adjusted, the ."iaid grants or either of them being at 
 the same time claimed to have originated antecedent 
 to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the peti- 
 tion of eitlier party to the Congress of the United 
 States, be finally determined, as near as may be, in 
 tlie same manner as is before prescribed for deciding 
 disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between 
 different States. 
 
 The United States in Congress assembled shall also 
 have the sole and exclusive right and power of regu- 
 lating tlie alloy and value of coin struck by their 
 own authority, or by that of the respective States — 
 fixing the standard of weights and measures through- 
 out the United States—regulating the trade and 
 managing all affairs with the Indians not memliers 
 of any of the States : provided that the legislative 
 right of any State within its own limits be not in- 
 fringed or violated— establishing and regulating post- 
 offices from one State to another throughout all the 
 United States, and exacting such postage on the 
 papers passing through the same, as may be requisite 
 to defray the expenses of the said oHice — appointing 
 all officers of the land forces in the service of the 
 United States excepting regimental officers — appoint- 
 ing all the officers of the naval forces, and commis- 
 sioning all officers whatever in the service of the 
 United States — making rules for the government and 
 regulation of the said land and naval forces, and 
 directing their operations. 
 
 The United States in Congress assembled shall 
 have authority to appoint a Committee to sit in the 
 recess of Congress, to be denominated "a Committee 
 of the States," and to consist of one delegate from 
 each State ; and to appoint such otlier Committees 
 and civil officers as may be necessary for managing 
 the general affairs of the United States, under their 
 direction — to appoint one of their number to preside, 
 provided that no person be allowed to serve in the 
 office of president more tlian one year in any term of 
 three years — to ascertain the necessary sums of 
 money to be raised for the service of the United 
 States, and to appropriate and apply the same for 
 defraying the public expenses — to borrow money or 
 emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans- 
 mitting every half year to the respective States an 
 account of the sums of monev so borrowed or emitted 
 
 — to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the num- 
 ber of land forces, and to make requisitions from each 
 State for its quota, in proportion to the number of 
 white inhabitants in such State ; which requisition 
 shall be binding, and thereupon the Legislature of 
 each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise 
 the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them, in a sol- 
 dier-like manner, at the expense of the United States; 
 and the officers and men so clothed, armed, and 
 equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and 
 within the time agreed on by the United States in 
 Congress assembled: but if the United States in 
 Congress assembled shall, on consideration of cir- 
 cumstances, judge proper that any State should not 
 raise men. or should rai.se a smaller number than its 
 quota, and that any other State should raise a greater 
 number of men than the quota thereof, such extra 
 number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and 
 equipped, in the same manner as the quota of such 
 State, unless the Legislature of sueli State shall 
 judge that such extra number cannot safely be spared 
 out of the same ; in which case they shall raise, 
 officer, clothe, arm, and equip as many of such extra 
 number as they judge can be safely spared. And the 
 officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, 
 shall march to the place appointed, and within the 
 time agreed on by the United States in Congress 
 assembled. 
 
 The United States in Congress assembled shall 
 never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque 
 and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any 
 treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the 
 value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses 
 necessary for the defense and welfare of the United 
 States or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow 
 money on the credit of the United States, nor appro- 
 priate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels- 
 of-war to be built or purchased, or the number of 
 land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a com- 
 mander-in-chief of the arniy and navy, unless nine 
 States assent to the same ; nor shall a question on any 
 other point, except for adjourning from day to day, 
 be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of 
 the United States in Congress assembled. 
 
 The Congress of the United States shall have power 
 to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any 
 place within the L'^nited States, so that no period of 
 adjournment be for a longer duration than the space 
 of six months ; and shall publish the journal of their_ 
 proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof re- 
 lating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as 
 in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and. 
 nays of the delegates of each State on any question 
 shall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by 
 any delegate ; and the delegates of a State, or any of' 
 them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with 
 a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as 
 are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of 
 the several States. 
 
 Akt. 10. The committee of the States, or any nine 
 of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the re- 
 cess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as 
 the United States in Congress assembled, by the con- 
 sent of nine States, shall from time to time think ex- 
 pedient to vest them with ; provided that no power 
 be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise 
 of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice 
 of nine States in the Congress of the United States 
 assembled is requisite. 
 
 Art. 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation, 
 and joining in the measures of the United States, 
 shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advan- 
 tages of this Union ; but no other colony shall be ad- 
 mitted into the same unless such admission be agreed 
 to by nine States. 
 
 Art. 13. All bills of credit emitted, moneys bor- 
 rowed, and debts contracted, by or under the au- ■ 
 
 III 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 493 
 
 tliority of Congress, before the assembling of the 
 United States, in pursuance of the present confedera- 
 tion, shall be deemed and considered as a charge 
 against the United States, for payment and satisfac- 
 tion whereof the said United States and the public 
 faith are hereby solemnly pledged. 
 
 Art. 18. Every State shall abide by the decision of 
 the United States, in Congress assembled, on all 
 questions which, by this confederation, are submit- 
 ted to them. And the articles of this confederation 
 shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the 
 Union shall be perpetual ; nor shall any alteration at 
 any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless 
 such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the 
 United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the 
 legislature of every State. 
 
 And whereas it has pleased the great Governor of 
 the world to incline the hearts of the legislatures we 
 respectively represent in Congress, to approve of and 
 to authorize us to ratify the said articles of confed- 
 eration and perpetual Union ; know ye, that we, the 
 undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and 
 authority to us given for that purpose, do, by these 
 presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective 
 constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm 
 each and every of the said articles of confederation 
 and perpetual Union, and all and singular the mat- 
 ters and things therein contained ; and we do further 
 solemnly pledge and engage the faith of our respect- 
 ive constituents, that they shall abide by the deter- 
 minations of the United States in Congress assembled, 
 on all questions which, by the said confederation, are 
 submitted to them ; and that the articles thereof 
 shall be inviolably observed by the States we respect- 
 ively represent ; and that the Union be perpetual. 
 • In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our 
 hands, in Congre.ss. Done at Philadelphia, in the 
 State of Pennsylvania, the ninth day of July, in the 
 year of Lord one thousand seven hundred and sev- 
 enty-eight, and in the third year of the independence 
 of America. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Josiah Bartlett, John Wentworth, Jr. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 
 
 John Hancock, Francis Dana, 
 
 Samuel Adams, James Lovell, 
 
 Elbridge Gerry, Samuel Holton. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 William Ellery, Henry Marchant, 
 
 John Collins. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Roger Sherman, Oliver Wolcott, 
 
 Samuel Huntington, Titus Hosmer, 
 
 Andrew Adams. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 James Duane, 
 Francis Lewis, 
 
 William Duer, 
 Gouverneur Morris, 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 John Witherspoon, Nath. Scudder. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 Robert Morris, Jonathan Bayard Smith, 
 
 Daniel Roberdeau, William Clingan, 
 
 Joseph Reed. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Thomas McKean, John Dickinson, 
 
 Nicholas Van Dyke. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 John Hanson, Daniel Carroll. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Adams, 
 
 John Banister, Joliu Harvie, 
 
 Francis Lightfoot Lee. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 John Penn, Cornelius Harnett, 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 Henry Laurens, John Matthews, 
 
 William Henry Drayton, Richard Hutson, 
 Thomas Heyward, Jr. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 George Walton, Edward Telfair. 
 
 Edward Langworthy. 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 [CAREFULLY COMPARED WITH THE ORIGINAL.] 
 
 We, the people of the United States, in order to form 
 a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure 
 domestic tranquillity, provide for the common de- 
 fence, promote the general welfare, and secure the 
 bles.sings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, 
 •do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
 United States of America. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted 
 shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, 
 which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- 
 sentatives. 
 
 Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be 
 composed of members chosen every second year by 
 the people of the several States, and the electors in 
 each State shall have the qualifications requisite for 
 electors of the most numerous branch of the State 
 Legislature. 
 
 No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
 have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and 
 
 been seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
 who shall not, when elected, bean inhabitant of that 
 State in which he shall be chosen. 
 
 Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- 
 tioned among the several States which may be in- 
 cluded within this Union, according to their respect- 
 ive numbers, which shall be determined by adding 
 to the whole number of free persons, including tho,se 
 bound to service for a term of years, and excluding 
 ludiaus not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
 The actual enumeration shall be made within three 
 years after the first meeting of the Congress of the 
 United States, and within every subsequent term of 
 ten years, in such a manner as they shall by law 
 direct. The number of Representatives shall not ex- 
 ceed one for every thirtj' thousand, but each State 
 shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
 enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hamp- 
 shire shall be entitled to choone three, Massachusetts 
 eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, 
 Connecticut five. New York six. New Jersey four, 
 Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, 
 
494 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Virginia teu, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, 
 and Georgia three. 
 
 When vacancies happen in the representation from 
 any State the executive authority thereof shall issue 
 writs of election to fill such vacancies. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall choose their 
 Speaker and other officers ; and shall have the sole 
 power of Impeachment. 
 
 Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be 
 composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by 
 the Legislature thereof, for six years ; and each Sen- 
 ator shall have one vote. 
 
 Immediately after they shall be assembled in con- 
 sequence of the first election, they shall be divided as 
 equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the 
 Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the ex- 
 piration of the second year, of the second class at the 
 expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at 
 the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may 
 be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen 
 by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the 
 Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may 
 make temporary appointments until the next meeting 
 of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacan- 
 cies. 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who shall not have 
 attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine 
 years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 
 not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for 
 which he shall be chosen. 
 
 The Vice-President of the United States shall be 
 President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, un- 
 less they be equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall choose their other officers, and 
 also a President pro tempore in the absence of the 
 Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the oflSce of 
 President of the United States. 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- 
 peachments. When sitting for that purpose they 
 shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President 
 of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall 
 preside; and no person shall be convicted without the 
 concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 
 
 Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend 
 further than to removal from office, and di.squalifira- 
 tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or 
 profit under the United States; but the party convict- 
 ed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indict- 
 ment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to 
 law. 
 
 Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding 
 elections for Senators and Representatives shall be 
 prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; 
 but the Congress may at any time by law make or 
 alter such regulations, except as to the places of 
 choosing Senators. 
 
 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 
 year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday 
 of December, unless they shall by law appoint a dif- 
 ferent day. 
 
 Sect. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the 
 elections, returns, and qualifications of its own mem- 
 bers, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum 
 to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn 
 from day to day, and may be authorized to compel 
 the attendance of absent members in such manner 
 and under suoh penalties as eacli House may provide. 
 
 Each House may determine the rules of its proceed- 
 i"gs, punish its members for disorderly behavior, 
 and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
 member. 
 
 Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, 
 and from time to time publish the same, excepting 
 Buch parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; 
 and the yeas and nays of the members of either House 
 on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of 
 those present, be entered on the journal. 
 
 Neither House during the session of Congress, shall, 
 
 without the consent of the other, adjourn for more 
 than three days, nor to any other place than that in 
 which the two Houses shall be sitting. 
 
 Sect. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall 
 receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- 
 tained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the 
 United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, 
 felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from 
 arrest, during their attendance at the session of their 
 respective Houses, and in going to and returning 
 from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either 
 House they shall not be questioned in any other 
 place. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the time 
 for which he was electea, be appointed to any civil 
 office under the authority of the United States, which 
 shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof 
 shall have been increased during such time; and no 
 person holding any office under the United States 
 shall be a member of either House during his con- 
 tinuance in office. 
 
 Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall origi- 
 nate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate 
 may propose or concur with amendments as on other 
 bills. 
 
 Every bill which shall have passed the House of 
 Representatives and the Senate shall, before it be- 
 comes a law, be presented to the President of the 
 United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if 
 not he shall return it, with his objections, to that 
 House in which it shall have originated, who shall 
 enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
 proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- 
 tion, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the 
 bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to 
 the other House, by which it shall likewise be recon- 
 sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House 
 it shall become a law. But in all such cases the 
 votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and 
 nays, and the names of the persons voting for and 
 against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each 
 House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
 by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) 
 after it shall have been presented to him, the same 
 shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, 
 unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent 
 Its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 
 
 Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the con- 
 currence of the Senate and House of Representatives 
 may be necessary (except on a question of adjourn- 
 ment), shall be presented to the President of the 
 United States ; and before the same shall take effect, 
 shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by 
 him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and 
 House of Representatives, according to the rules and 
 limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 
 
 Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power 
 
 To lay and collect taxes, duties, impo.sts, and ex- 
 cises, to pay the debts and provide for the common 
 defense and general welfare of the United States ; 
 but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform 
 throughout the United States ; 
 
 'I'o borrow money on the credit of the United 
 States ; 
 
 To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and 
 among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; 
 
 To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and 
 uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies through- 
 out the United States ; 
 
 To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of 
 foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and 
 measures ; 
 
 To provide for the punishment of counterfeit- 
 ing thfe securities and current coin of the United 
 States ; 
 
 To establish post-offices and post-roads ; 
 
 To promote the progress of science and useful arts, 
 by securing for limited times to authors and invent- 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 495 
 
 ors the exclusive right to their respective writings 
 and discoveries ; 
 
 To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 
 Court; 
 
 To define and punish piracies and felonies commit- 
 ted on tlie high seas, and offenses against the law of 
 nations ; 
 
 To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, 
 and make rules concerning captures on land and 
 water ; 
 
 To raise and support armies, but no appropriation 
 of money to that use shall be for a longer term than 
 two years ; 
 
 To provide and maintain a navy ; 
 
 To make rules for the government and regulation 
 of the land and naval forces ; 
 
 To provide for calling forth the militia to execute 
 the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and 
 repel invasions ; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining 
 the militia, and for governing such part of them as 
 may be employed in the service of the United States, 
 reserving to the States respectively the appointment 
 of the officers, and the autliority of training the mi- 
 litia according to the discipline prescribed by Con- 
 gress ; 
 
 To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases what- 
 soever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles 
 square), as may, by cession of particular States, and 
 the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States, and to exercise like au- 
 thority over all places purchased by the consent of 
 the Legislature* of the State in whicli the same 
 shall he, for the erection of forts, magazines, 
 arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; 
 and 
 
 To make all laws which shall be necessary and prop- 
 er for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, 
 and all other powers vested by this Constitution in 
 the Government of the United States, or in any de- 
 partment or officer thereof. 
 
 Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such per- 
 sons as any of the States now existing shall think 
 proper to admit, shall not be prohil)ited by the Con- 
 gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred 
 and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such 
 importation, uot exceeding ten dollars for each per- 
 son. 
 
 The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall 
 not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion 
 or invasion the public safety may require it. 
 
 No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be 
 
 No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, un- 
 less in proportion to the census or enumeration here- 
 inbefore directed to be taken. 
 
 No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported 
 from any State. 
 
 No preference shall be given by any regulation of 
 commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over 
 those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from 
 one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
 another. 
 
 No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in 
 consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a 
 regular statement and account of the receipts and 
 expenditures of all public money shall be published 
 from time to time. 
 
 No title of nobility shall be granted by the United 
 States ; and no person holding any office of profit or 
 trust under them shall, without the consent of the 
 Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, 
 or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, 
 or foreign State. 
 
 Sect. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, al- 
 liance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and 
 reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit; makeany- 
 tliing but g jld and silver coin a tender in payment of 
 
 debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or 
 law impairing the obligations of contracts, or grant 
 any title of nobility. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of the Con- 
 gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or ex- 
 ports, except what may be absolutely necessary for 
 executing its inspection laws; and the net produce 
 of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on im- 
 ports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treas- 
 ury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be 
 subject to the revision and control of tlie Congress. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of Congress, 
 lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or sliips-of-war 
 in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com- 
 pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or 
 engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such 
 imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 
 
 ARTICLE n. 
 
 Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested 
 in a President of the United States of America. He 
 shall hold his office during the term of four years, 
 and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the 
 same term, be elected as follows :^ 
 
 Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the 
 Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, 
 equal to the whole number of Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives to which the State may be entitled in the 
 Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or per- 
 son holding an office of trust or profit under the 
 United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 
 
 [* The Electors shall meet in their respective States, 
 and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at 
 least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State 
 with themselves. And they shall make a list of all 
 the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for 
 each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and 
 transmit sealed to the feat of the Government of the 
 United States, directed to the President of the Sen- 
 ate. The President of the Senate shall, in the pres- 
 ence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be 
 counted. The person having the greatest number of 
 votes shall be the President, if such number be a ma- 
 jority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
 and if there be more than one who have such major- 
 ity, and have an equal number of votes, then the House 
 of Representatives shall immediately choose by bal- 
 lot one of them for President ; and if no person have 
 a majority, then from the five highest on the list the 
 said House shall in like manner choose the President. 
 But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken 
 by States, the representation from each State having 
 one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of 
 a member or members from two-thirds of the States, 
 and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to 
 a choice. In every case, after the choice of the Pres- 
 ident, the person having the greatest number of votes 
 of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if 
 there should remain two or more who have equal 
 votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the 
 Vice-President.] 
 
 The Congress may determine the time of choosing 
 the Electors, and the day on which they shall give 
 their vote ; which day shall be the same throughout 
 the United States. 
 
 No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen 
 of the United States at the time of tlie adoption of 
 this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Pres- 
 ident ; neither shall any person be eligible to that of- 
 fice who shall not have attained to the age of thirty- 
 five years, and been fourteen years a resident within 
 the United States. 
 
 * Tills clanse within brackets has been superseded and an- 
 DUllud by the 12th amendment, on page 499. 
 
490 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 In case of the removal of the President from office, 
 or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge 
 the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall 
 devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may 
 by law provide for the case of removal, death, resig- 
 nation, or inability, both of the President and Vice- 
 President, declaring what officer shall then act as 
 President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until 
 the disability be removed, or a President shall be 
 elected. 
 
 The President shall, at stated times, receive for his 
 services a compensation, which shall neither be in- 
 creased nor diminished during the period for which he 
 shall have been elected, and he shall not receive with- 
 in that period any other emolument from the United 
 States, or any of them. 
 
 Before he enter on the execution of his office he 
 shall take the following oath or affirmation : — 
 
 " I do solemnly swear {or affirm) that I will faithful- 
 ly execute the office of President of the United States, 
 and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and 
 defend the Constitution of the United States." 
 
 Sect. 2. The President shall be Commander-in- 
 chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, 
 and of the Militia of the several States, when called 
 into the actual service of the United States ; he may 
 require the opinion, in writing, of the principal offi- 
 cer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any 
 subject relating to the duties of their respective offi- 
 ces, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and 
 pardons for offenses against the United States, except 
 in cases of impeachment. 
 
 He shall have power, by and with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two- 
 thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall 
 nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of 
 the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public 
 Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
 and all other officers of the United States, whose ap- 
 pointments are not herein otherwise provided for,and 
 which shall be established by law, but the Congress 
 may by law vest the appointment of such inferior 
 officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, 
 in the Courts of law, or in the Heads of Depart- 
 ments. 
 
 The President shall have power to fill up all vacan- 
 cies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, 
 by granting commissions which shall expire at the 
 end of their next session. 
 
 Sect. 3. He shall from time to time give to the 
 Congress information of the state of the Union, and 
 recommend to their consideration such measures as 
 he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on 
 extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or 
 either of them, and, in case of disagreement between 
 them with respect to the time of adjournment, he 
 may adjourn them to such time as he shall think prop- 
 er; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public 
 Ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faith- 
 fully executed, and shall commission all the officers 
 of the United States. 
 
 Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all 
 civil officers of the United States, shall be removed 
 from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, 
 treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemean- 
 ors. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Section 1. The judicial power of the United 
 States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in 
 such inferior courts as the Congress may from time 
 to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of 
 the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offi- 
 ces during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, 
 receive for their services a compensation, which shall 
 not be diminished during their continuance in office. 
 
 Sect. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all 
 
 cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitu- 
 tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, 
 or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all 
 cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, 
 and Consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime 
 jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United 
 States shall be a party ; to controversies between two 
 or more States ; between a State and citizens of 
 another State ; between citizens of different States ; 
 between citizens of the same State claiming lands un- 
 der grants of different States ; and between a State, 
 or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, 
 or subjects. 
 
 In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public 
 Ministers, and Consuls, and tho.se in which a State 
 shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have origi- 
 nal jurisdiction. In all the other cases before men- 
 tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate juris- 
 diction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, 
 and under such regulations as the Congress shall 
 make. 
 
 The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
 ment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held 
 in the State where the said crimes shall have been 
 committed ; but when not committed within any State, 
 the trial shall be at such place or places as the Con- 
 gress may by law have directed. 
 
 Sect. 3. Treason against the United States shall 
 consist only in levying war against them, or in ad- 
 hering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 
 No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the 
 testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or 
 on confession in open court. * 
 
 The congress shall have power to declare the pun- 
 ishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall 
 work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except dur- 
 ing the life of the person attainted. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in 
 each State to the public acts, records, and judicial 
 proceedings of every other State. And the Congress 
 may by general laws prescribe the manner in which 
 such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, 
 and the effect thereof. 
 
 Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled 
 to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the 
 several States. 
 
 A person charged in any State with treason, felony, 
 or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be 
 found in another State, shall, on demand of the 
 Executive authority of the State from which he fled, 
 be delivered up to be removed to the State having 
 jurisdiction of the crime. 
 
 No person held to .^service or labor in one State, 
 under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
 in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be 
 discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
 delivered up on claim of the party to whom such ser- 
 vice or labor may be due. 
 
 Sect. 3. New States may be admitted by the Con- 
 gress into this Union ; but no new State shall be 
 formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other 
 State, nor any State be formed by the junction of- two 
 or more States, or parts of States, without the con- 
 sent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as 
 well as of the Congress. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and 
 make all needful rules and regulations respecting the 
 territory or other property belonging to the United 
 States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so 
 construed as to prejudice any claims of the United 
 States, or of any particular State. 
 
 Sect. 4. The United States shall guarantee to 
 every State in this Union a republican form of gov- 
 ernment, and shall protect each of them against in- 
 vasion ; and on application of the Legislature, or of 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 497 
 
 the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be con- 
 vened), against domestic violence. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of the House 
 shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to 
 this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legis- 
 latures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call 
 a convention for proposing amendments, which, 
 in either ease, shall be valid to all intents and pur- 
 poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by 
 the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, 
 or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the 
 one or the other mode of ratiiication may be pro- 
 posed by the Congress : Provided, that no amendment 
 which may be made prior to the year one thousand 
 eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect 
 the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section of the 
 first article ; and that no State, without its consent, 
 shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 All debts contracted and engagements entered into 
 before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as 
 valid against the United States under this Constitu- 
 tion as under the Confederation. 
 
 This Constitution, and the laws of the United 
 States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and 
 all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
 authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
 law of the land ; and the Judges in every State shall 
 be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or 
 laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, 
 and the members of the several State Legislatures, 
 and all executive and judicial officers, both of the 
 United States and of the several States, shall be 
 bound by oath or aiBrraation to support this Constitu- 
 tion ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a 
 qualification to any office or public trust under the 
 United States. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 The ratification of the Conventions of nine States 
 shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- 
 stitution between the States so ratifying the same. 
 
 Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of 
 the States present, the seventeenth day of Septem- 
 ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven 
 hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence 
 
 of the United States of America the twelfth In 
 WITNESS whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our 
 names. 
 
 George Washington, 
 President, and Deputy from Virginia. 
 
 NEW H.1MPSHIRK. 
 
 John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 William S. Johnson, Roger Sherman. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 William Livingston, David Brearley, 
 
 William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. 
 
 PENNSYI/VANIA. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, 
 
 Robert Morris, George Clymer, 
 
 Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, 
 
 James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 George Read, Jacob Broom, ^ 
 
 John Dickinson, Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
 
 Richard Bassett. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 James McHenry, Daniel Carroll, 
 
 Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 John Blair, James Madison, Jr. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 William Blount, Hugh Williamson, 
 
 Richard D. Speight. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 J. Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, 
 
 Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 William Few, Abraham Baldwin. 
 
 Attest: William Jackson, Secretary^ 
 
 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION WHICH FOEMED THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 IN CONVENTION. 
 
 Monday, September 17, 1787. 
 
 Resolved, That the preceding Constitution be laid 
 before the United States in Congress assembled ; and 
 that it is the opinion of this Convention that it should 
 afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates, 
 chosen in each State by the people thereof, under 
 the recommendation of its Legislature, for their as- 
 sent and ratification ; and that each Convention as- 
 senting to and ratifying the same should give notice 
 thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. 
 
 Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Convention 
 that, as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall 
 have ratified this Constitution, the United States in 
 Congress assembled should fix a day on which Elect- 
 ors should be appointed by the States which shall 
 have ratified the same, and a day on which Electors 
 should as.semble to vote for the President, and the 
 
 time and place for commencing proceedings under, 
 this Constitution; that after such publication, , the ■ 
 Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and 
 Representatives elected ; that the Electors should 
 meet on the day fixed for the election of the Presi- 
 dent, and should transmit their votes-,, certified, 
 signed, sealed, and directed, as the Constiilntion re- 
 quires, to the Secretary of the United States in Con-- 
 gress assembled ; that the Senators and Representa- 
 tives should convene at the time and place assigned ; 
 that the Senators should appoint a President of the 
 Senate, for the sole purpose of receiving, opening, 
 and counting the votes for President ; and that, after 
 he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the 
 President, should, without delay, proceed' to execute 
 this Constitution. 
 
 By the unanimous order of the Convention. 
 
 Geo. Washington, President. 
 
 William Jackson, Secretary. 
 
498 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 LETTEE OF THE CONVENTIOlJf TO THE OLD CONGEESS. 
 
 IN CONVENTION. 
 
 September 17, 1787. 
 
 Sm : We have now the honor to submit to the 
 consideration of the United States in Congress as- 
 sembled, that Constitution which has appeared to us 
 the most advisaljle. 
 
 The friends of our country have long seen and de- 
 sired tliat the power of making war, peace, and trea- 
 ties ; that of levying money, and regulating com- 
 merce, and the correspondent executive and judicial 
 authorities, should be fully and effectually vested in 
 the General Government of the Union ; but the im- 
 propriety of delegating such extensive trust to one 
 body of men is evident ; hence results the necessity 
 of a different organization. 
 
 It is obviously impracticable in the Federal Gov- 
 ernment of these States to secure all rights of inde- 
 pendent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the 
 interest and safety of all. Individuals entering into 
 society must give up a share of liberty to preserve 
 the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must de- 
 pend as well on situation and circumstance as on the 
 object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to 
 draw with precision the line between those rights 
 which must be surrendered and those which may be 
 reserved ; and, on the present occasion, this difficulty 
 was increased by a difference among the several 
 States as to their situation, extent, habits, and par- 
 ticular interests. 
 
 In all our delilierations on this subject, we kept 
 steadily in our view that which ap))ears to us the 
 greatest interest of every true American, — the consol- 
 idation of our Union, — in which is involved our pros- 
 perity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national exist- 
 ence. This important consideration, seriously and 
 deeply impressed on our minds, led each State in the 
 Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior 
 magnitude than might have been otherwise expected ; 
 and thus the Constitution, which we now present, is 
 the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual 
 deference and concession which the peculiarity of 
 our political situation rendered indispensable. 
 
 That it will meet the full and entire approbation 
 of every State is not, perhaps, to be expected ; but 
 each will doubtless consider that, had her interest 
 been alone consulted, the consequences might have 
 been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others. 
 That it is liable to as few exceptions as could reason- 
 ably have been expected, we hope and believe. That 
 it may nromote the lasting welfare of that country so 
 dear tons all, and secure her freedom and happiness, 
 is our mo.st ardent wish. 
 
 With great respect, we have the honor to be, sir, 
 your Excellency's most obedient, humble servants. 
 
 By unanimous order of the Convention. 
 
 Geo. Washington, President. 
 
 His Excellency, the President of Congress. 
 
 PEOCEEDINGS IN THE OLD CONGEESS. 
 
 )► 
 
 UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. 
 Friday, Septeviber 28, 1787. 
 
 Present — New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecti- 
 cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
 Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Geor- 
 gi» ; and from Maryland, Mr. Ross. 
 
 Congress having received the report of the Conven- 
 tion lately assembled in Philadelphia, — 
 
 Resolved, unanimously, That the said report, with 
 the resolutions and letter accompanying the same, be 
 transmitted to the several Legislatures, in order to 
 be submitted to a Convention of Delegates chosen in 
 each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the 
 resolves of the Convention made and provided in that 
 case. 
 
 Charles Thomson, Secretary. 
 
 STATE EATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, 
 by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the reso- 
 lution of the Congress of the Confederation of Feb- 
 ruary 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions 
 of the several States as follows, viz. : — 
 
 By Convention of Delaware December 7, 1787 
 
 By Convention of Pennsylvania . ..December 13, 1787 
 
 By Convention of New Jersey December 18, 1787 
 
 By Convention of Georgia January 2, 1788 
 
 By Convention of Connecticut .lanuary 
 
 By Convention of Massachusetta ..February 
 
 By Convention of Maryland April 
 
 By Convention of South Carolina. .May 
 By Convention of New Hampshire. June 
 
 By Convention of Virginia June 
 
 By Convention of New York July 
 
 By Convention of North Carolina.. November 
 By Convention of Khode Island. ..May 
 
 9, 
 
 1788 
 
 (>. 
 
 17K8 
 
 28, 
 
 1788 
 
 28, 
 
 1788 
 
 21, 
 
 17W8 
 
 2ti, 
 
 1788 
 
 20, 
 
 1788 
 
 21, 
 
 1788 
 
 29, 
 
 1700 
 
 ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, 
 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEKICA, 
 
 .PROPOSED By CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES PUESTJANT 
 TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 Cowgress shaUl make no law respecting an estab- 
 lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
 thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of 
 the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to 
 assemble, and t« petition the Government for redress 
 of grievanoes. 
 
 ARTICLE IL 
 A well-regulated militia being necessary to the se- 
 
 curity of a free State, the right of the people to keep 
 and bear arms shall not be infringeJ. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 No soldier shall, in time of peace, be c;uartered in 
 any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in 
 time of war, but in a mann«r to be prescribed by law. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 The right of the people to be secure in their per- 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 499 
 
 sons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreason- 
 able searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and 
 no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, 
 supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly 
 describing the place to be searched, and the person 
 or things to be seized. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or 
 otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment 
 or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising 
 in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in 
 actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor 
 shall any person be subject for the same offense to 
 be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be 
 compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against 
 himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
 without due process of law ; nor shall private prop- 
 erty be taken for public use, without just compensa- 
 tion. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall en- 
 joy the riglit to a speedy and public trial, by an 
 impartial jury of the State and district wherein the 
 crime shall have been committed, which district shall 
 have been previously ascertained by law, and to be 
 informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; 
 to be coufronled with the witnesses against him ; to 
 have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in 
 his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for 
 his defense. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 In suits at common law, where the value in con- 
 troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of 
 trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by 
 a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of 
 the United States, than according to the rules of the 
 common law. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 
 fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments 
 inflicted. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 The enumeration in the Constitution of certain 
 rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage 
 others retained by the people. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by 
 the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, 
 are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the 
 people. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not 
 be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, 
 commenced or prosecuted against one of the United 
 States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or 
 subjects of any foreign State. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 The electors shall meet in their respective States, 
 and vote by balloi; for President and Vice-President, 
 one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of 
 the same State with themselves ; they shall name in 
 their ballots the person voted for as President, and 
 in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- 
 President, and they shall make distinct lists of all 
 persons voted for as President, and of all persons 
 voted for as Vice President, and of the number of 
 votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, 
 and transmit sealed to the seat of the (iovernment of 
 the United States, directed to the President of the 
 Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in pres- 
 ence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be 
 counted ; the person having the greatest number of 
 
 votes for President shall be the President, if such 
 number be a majority of the whole number of Elec- 
 tors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, 
 then from the persons having the highest numbers, 
 not exceeding three on the list of those voted for 
 as President, the House of Representatives shall 
 choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in 
 choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by 
 States, the representation from each State having one 
 vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a 
 member or members from two-thirds of the States, 
 and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to 
 a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall 
 not choose a President, whenever the right of choice 
 shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of 
 March next following, then the Vice-President shall 
 act as President, as in the case of the death or other 
 constitutional disability of the President. The per- 
 son having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
 President shall be the Vice-President, if such number 
 be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap- 
 pointed ; and if no person have a majority, tlien from 
 the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall 
 choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose 
 shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of 
 Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall 
 be necessarj' to a choice. But no person constitution- 
 ally ineligible to the office of President shall be elig- 
 ible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servi- 
 tude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the 
 party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
 within the United States, or any place subject to 
 their jurisdiction. 
 
 Sect. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this 
 article by appropriate legislation. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the 
 United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, 
 are citizens of the United States and of the State 
 wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce 
 any law which shall abridge the privileges or immun- 
 ities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any 
 State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
 without due process of law, nor deny to any person, 
 within its jurisdiction, the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 Sect. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned 
 among the several States according to their respec- 
 tive numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
 sons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But 
 when the right to vote at any election for the choice 
 of electors for President and Vice-President of the 
 United States, Representatives in Congress, the exe- 
 cutive and judicial officers of a State, or the members 
 of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the 
 male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one 
 years of age, and citizens of the United States, or iu 
 anyway abridged, except for participation in rebel- 
 lion, or other crime, the basis of representation there- 
 in shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
 ber of such male citizens shall bear to the wlioie 
 number of male citizens, twenty-one years of age, in 
 such State. 
 
 Sect. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Represent- 
 ative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice- 
 President, or hold any office, civil or military, under 
 the United States, or under any State, who, having 
 previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, 
 or as an officer of the United States, or as a member 
 of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial 
 officer of any State, to support the Con.stitution of the 
 United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or 
 rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort 
 to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote 
 of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. 
 
500 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Sect. 4. The validity of the puljlic debt of the 
 United States, authorized by law, including debts in- 
 curred for payment of pensions and bounties for ser- 
 Tices in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall 
 not be questioned. But neither the United States 
 nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obliga- 
 tion incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
 against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
 or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, 
 obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and 
 void. 
 
 Sect. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, 
 by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this 
 article. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United 
 States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the 
 United States or by any State on account of race, 
 color, or previous condition of servitude. 
 
 Sect. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce 
 this article by appropriate legislation. 
 
 [The following is prefixed to the first ten * of the preceding amendments.] 
 OONGKESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW YORK, ON WEDNESDAY. THE FOURTH OF MARCH, ONE 
 THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. 
 
 The Conventions of a number of the States having, 
 at the time of their adopting the Constitution, ex- 
 pressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction 
 or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and 
 restrictive clauses should be added ; and as extending 
 the ground of public confidence in the Government 
 will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution,— 
 
 Besolved, by the Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives of the United States of America, in Congress as- 
 sembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That 
 the following articles be propo.sed to the Legislatures 
 of the several States, as amendments to the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States, all or any of which articles, 
 when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legisla- 
 tures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part 
 of the said Constitution, viz. : — 
 
 Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Con- 
 
 stitution of the United States of America, proposed 
 by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the 
 several States, pursuant to the Fifth Article of the 
 original Constitution. 
 
 The first ten amendments of the Constitution were 
 ratified by the States as follows, viz. : — 
 
 By New Jersey November 20, 1789. 
 
 By Maryland December 19, 1789. 
 
 By North Carolina December 23, 1789. 
 
 By South Carolina January 19, 1790. 
 
 By New Hampshire January 2.5, 1790. 
 
 By Delaware January 28, 1790. 
 
 By Pennsylvania March 10, 1790. 
 
 By New York March 27, 1790. 
 
 By Rhode Island June 15, 1790. 
 
 By Vermont November 3, 1791. 
 
 By Virginia December 1.5, 1791. 
 
 [The following is prefixed to the eleventh of the preceding amendments.] 
 THIKD CONGEESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE 8T.\TE OF PENNSYLVA- 
 NIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED .^ND NINETY-THREE. 
 
 Resolved, by the Se/iate and House of Representatives^ severa.] St&tvs as an amendment to the Constitution 
 of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, [ of the United States ; which, when ratified by three- 
 two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That the fol- : fourths of the said Legislatures, .shall be valid as part 
 lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the I of the said Constitution, viz. : — 
 
 [The following is prefixed to the twelfth of the preceding amendments.] 
 EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OP WASHINGTON, IN THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA, 
 ON MOND.\Y, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. 
 
 Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America, in Congress assembled. 
 two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That in lieu of 
 the third paragraph of the first section of the Second 
 Article of the Constitution of the United States, the 
 following be proposed as an amendment to the Consti- 
 tution of the United States ; which, when ratified by 
 three-fourths of the Legislatures of the several States, 
 
 shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of 
 the said Constitution, to wit : 
 
 The ten first of the preceding amendments were 
 proposed at the first session of the First Congress of 
 the United States, September 25, 1789, and were 
 finally ratified by the constitutional number of States, 
 December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was 
 proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, 
 
 * It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of ameud- 
 ment were proposed by ihe Firnt Conirres'', of which but ten 
 were ratified by the States—the first and second in order not 
 having been ratified by the requisite number of States. 
 
 These two were as follows :— 
 
 Article First.—Atter the first enumeration required by the 
 First Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representa- 
 tive for ewery thirty thousand, until the number shall amount 
 10 one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated 
 by Coiigraas that .there shall not be less than one hundred Rep- 
 
 resentatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty 
 thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall 
 amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so 
 regulrtted by Congress that there shall not be less than two 
 hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative to 
 every fifty thousand persons. 
 
 Article !^econd. — No law varying the compensation for the ser- 
 vices of the Senators and Representatives shall take effect until 
 an election of Representatives shall have intervened. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 501 
 
 March 5, 1794,' and was declared, in a message from Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803. and was adopted 
 the President of the United States to both Houses of t by the constitutional number of States in 1804, ac- 
 Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted ' cording to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of 
 by the constitutional number of States. The twelfth State, dated September 25 of the same year, 
 amendment was proposed at the first session of the I 
 
 [The following is prefixed to the thirteenth of the preceding amendments.] 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 AT THE SECOND SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ON THB 
 FIRST DAY OP FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE. 
 
 Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives 
 of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, 
 two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the fol- 
 lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the 
 several States, as an amendment to the Constitution 
 of the United States, which, when ratified by three- 
 fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid, to all in- 
 tents and purposes, as a part of said Constitution, 
 namely : 
 
 This amendment was declared adopted on the 18th 
 
 day of December, 186.5, at which time it had been 
 duly ratified by the Legislatures of the States of 
 Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New 
 York, West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, 
 Pennsylvania, Virginia. Ohio. Missouri, Nevada, In- 
 diana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, 
 Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, 
 South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Geor- 
 gia — in all twenty-seven States. 
 
 [The following is prefixed to the fourteenth of the preceding amendments.] 
 THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS OP THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD IN THE CITY OP WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 
 ON THE SIXTEENTH DAY OP JUNE, EIGHTEEN HHNDKED AND SIXTY-SIX. 
 
 Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Represent- 
 atives of the United States of America in Congress 
 assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That 
 the following article be jiroposed to the Legislatures 
 of the several States as an amendment to the Consti- 
 tution of the United States, which, when ratified by 
 three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as 
 part of the Constitution, namely : 
 
 This amendment was declared adopted on the 20th 
 
 day of July, 1868, at which time it had been duly 
 ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Connecti- 
 cut, New Hampsiiire, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, 
 Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, 
 Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minneso- 
 ta, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan, 
 Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, 
 North Carolina, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Ala- 
 bama — in all, twenty-nine States. 
 
 I^The following is prefixed to the fifteenth of the preceding amendments.] 
 FORTIETH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 AT THE LAST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OP WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 
 ON THE TWENTY- SEVENTH OF FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and Home of Representatives 
 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
 two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That the fol- 
 lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the 
 several States as an amendment to the Constitution of 
 the United States, which, when ratified by three- 
 fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of 
 the Constitution, namely : 
 
 This amendment, as appears from the Proclamation 
 of the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, was 
 
 ratified by the Legislatures of the States of North 
 Carolina, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, 
 Maine, Louisiana, Michigan, South Carolina, Penn- 
 sylvania, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, In- 
 diana, New York, New Hampshire, Nevada, Vermont, 
 Virginia, Alabama, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Iowa, 
 Kansas, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Nebraska, and 
 Texas — in all, twenty-nine States. It should be add- 
 ed tliat New York withdrew her vote, and Georgia 
 took her place in the atfirmative. 
 
502 
 
 TABULAR RECORDI 
 
 SESSIONS OP THE FEDERAL CONGRESS. 
 
 (OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOB THIS WORK.) 
 
 STATEMENT 
 
 Showing tTie Commencement and Termination of each Sesnion of Congress held under the Present Constitution 
 with the Number of Days in each. 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■d 
 
 ID 
 
 ?.§■ 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 From — 
 
 To- 
 
 
 «1 
 
 Where held. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1789 
 
 Sept. 
 
 29, 1789 
 
 13 
 
 210 
 
 New York. 
 
 1- 
 
 2 
 
 January 
 
 4, 1790 
 
 August 
 
 12, 1790 
 
 14 
 
 221 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1790 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1791 
 
 15 
 
 88 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 2i 
 
 1 
 
 Oct. 
 
 24, 1791 
 
 May 
 
 8, 1793 
 
 16 
 
 197 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 .5, 1793 
 
 March 
 
 2, 1793 
 
 17 
 
 119 
 
 do. 
 
 3. 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1793 
 
 June 
 
 9, 1794 
 
 18 
 
 190 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 3, 1794 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1795 
 
 19 
 
 121 
 
 do. 
 
 4. 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1795 
 
 June 
 
 1, 1796 
 
 20 
 
 177 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1796 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1797 
 
 21 
 
 89 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Mav 
 
 15, 1797 
 
 July 
 
 10, 1797 
 
 21 
 
 57 
 
 do. 
 
 6- 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 13, 1797 
 
 July 
 
 16, 1798 
 
 22 
 
 246 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1798 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1799 
 
 23 
 
 91 
 
 do. 
 
 6 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1799 
 
 May 
 
 14, 1800 
 
 24 
 
 164 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 17, 1800 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1801 
 
 25 
 
 107 
 
 Washington. 
 
 7. 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1801 
 
 May 
 
 3, 1803 
 
 26 
 
 148 » 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1802 
 
 March 
 
 8. 1803 
 
 27 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 8. 
 
 1 
 
 Oct. 
 
 17, 1803 
 
 March 
 
 27, 1804 
 
 28 
 
 163 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 5, 1804 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1805 
 
 29 
 
 119 
 
 do. 
 
 9 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1805 
 
 April 
 
 21, 1806 
 
 30 
 
 141 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1806 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1807 
 
 31 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 10. 
 
 1 
 
 Oct. 
 
 26,- -1807 
 
 April 
 
 25, 1808 
 
 32 
 
 182 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 7. 1808 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1809 
 
 33 
 
 117 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 May 
 
 23, 1809 
 
 June 
 
 28, 1809 
 
 33 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 11 J 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 27, 1809 
 
 May 
 
 1, 1810 
 
 34 
 
 156 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1810 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1811 
 
 35 
 
 91 
 
 do. 
 
 12. 
 
 1 
 
 Nov. 
 
 4, 1811 
 
 July 
 
 6, 1812 
 
 36 
 
 245 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 2, 1813 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1813 
 
 37 
 
 132 
 
 do. 
 
 io 
 
 1 
 
 May 
 
 24, 1813 
 
 August 
 
 2, 1813 
 
 37 
 
 71 
 
 do. 
 
 13 J 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1813 
 
 April 
 
 18, 1814 
 
 38 
 
 134 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Sept. 
 
 19, 1814 
 
 March 
 
 3. 1815 
 
 39 
 
 166 
 
 do. 
 
 14. 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 1815 
 
 April 
 
 30, 1816 
 
 40 
 
 148 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1816 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1817 
 
 41 
 
 92 
 
 do. 
 
 15 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1817 
 
 April ' 
 
 ■ -80, 1818 
 
 42 
 
 141 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 16, 1818 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1819 
 
 43 
 
 108 
 
 do. 
 
 16. 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1819 
 
 May 
 
 15. 1820 
 
 44 
 
 162 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Nov. 
 
 13,1830 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1821 
 
 45 
 
 111 
 
 do. 
 
 17 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1831 
 
 May 
 
 8, 1822 
 
 46 
 
 157 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1822 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1833 
 
 47 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 18 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1823 
 
 May 
 
 27. 1834 
 
 48 
 
 178 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1824 
 
 March 
 
 3. 1835 
 
 49 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 19 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1835 
 
 May 
 
 33, 1836 
 
 50 
 
 169 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 1836 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1837 
 
 51 
 
 90 
 
 do. 
 
 20 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1827 
 
 May 
 
 26, 1828 
 
 52 
 
 175 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1,1838 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1829 
 
 53 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 21 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1839 
 
 May 
 
 31,1830 
 
 54 
 
 176 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1830 
 
 March 
 
 3. 1831 
 
 55 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1831 
 
 July 
 
 16, 1832 
 
 56 
 
 225 
 
 do. 
 
 \ 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1833 
 
 March 
 
 t- X1833 
 
 57 
 
 91 
 
 do. 
 
 23 i 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1833 
 
 June 
 
 '30, 1834 
 
 58 
 
 211 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1834 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1835 
 
 59 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 24 . 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1835 
 
 July 
 
 4. 1836 
 
 60 
 
 211 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5. 1836 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1837 
 
 61 
 
 89 
 
 do. 
 
 o.. ( 
 
 1 
 
 Sept. 
 
 4, 1837 
 
 October 
 
 16, 1837 
 
 62 
 
 43 
 
 do. 
 
 25 3 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 1837 
 
 July 
 
 9, 1838 
 
 62 
 
 218 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1838 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1839 
 
 63 
 
 91 
 
 do. 
 
 26 ( 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1839 
 
 July 
 
 21, 1840 
 
 64 
 
 233 
 
 do. 
 
 \ 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1840 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1841 
 
 65 
 
 87 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 May 
 
 31, 1841 
 
 Sept. 
 
 13, 1841 
 
 65 
 
 106 
 
 do. 
 
 27 . 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1841 
 
 August 
 
 31, 1842 
 
 66 
 
 269 
 
 do. 
 
 / 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5. 1843 
 
 March 
 
 3. 1843 
 
 67 
 
 89 
 
 do. 
 
TABULAR BECOBDS. 
 
 503 
 
 Statement of Sueceggive Sestiom of Congress — Continued. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 g 
 
 1 
 
 From— 
 
 To— 
 
 Is 
 
 S-.3 
 
 11 
 
 a" 
 
 Where held. 
 
 28 1 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4,1843 
 
 June 
 
 17, 1844 
 
 68 
 
 196 
 
 Washington. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1844 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1845 
 
 69 
 
 92 
 
 do. 
 
 29] 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1. 1845 
 
 August 
 
 10, 1846 
 
 70 
 
 253 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1846 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1847 
 
 71 
 
 87 
 
 do. 
 
 30 j 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1847 
 
 August 
 
 14, 1848 
 
 72 
 
 254 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 1848 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1849 
 
 73 
 
 90 
 
 do. 
 
 31 ] 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1849 
 2. 1850 
 
 Sept. 
 March 
 
 30, 18.50 
 3, 1851 
 
 74 
 75 
 
 303 
 93 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 32 ■ 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1851 
 
 August 
 
 31, 1853 
 
 76 
 
 375 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1853 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1853 
 
 77 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 83 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1853 
 
 August 
 
 7, 1854 
 
 78 
 
 346 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 18.54 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1855 
 
 79 
 
 90 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1855 
 
 August 
 
 18, 1856 
 
 80 
 
 360 
 
 do. 
 
 34. 
 
 2 
 
 August 
 
 21, 1856 
 
 August 
 
 30. 1850 
 
 81 
 
 10 - 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1856 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1857 
 
 82 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 35) 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1857 
 
 June 
 
 / v 4, 1858 
 
 83 
 
 177 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1858 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1859 
 
 83 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 36 i 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1859 
 
 June 
 
 ■L-'-iS, 1860 
 
 84 
 
 196 
 
 do. 
 
 / 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1860 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1861 
 
 85 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 ( 
 
 1 
 
 July 
 
 ?, 1861 
 
 August 
 
 6, 1861 
 
 85 
 
 34 
 
 do. 
 
 37] 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1861 
 
 July 
 
 17, 1863 
 
 86 
 
 338 
 
 do. 
 
 ] 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 1862 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1863 
 
 87 
 
 94 
 
 do. 
 
 38 1 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 7, 1863 
 
 July 
 
 f je. 1864 
 
 88 
 
 209 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1864 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1865 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 do. 
 
 39 j 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 1865 
 
 July 
 
 38. 1866 
 
 90 
 
 237 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 3, 1866 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1867 
 
 91 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1867 
 
 March 
 
 30, 1867 
 
 91 
 
 26 
 
 do. 
 
 
 2 
 
 July 
 
 3, 1867 
 
 July 
 
 30, 1867 
 
 91 
 
 18 
 
 do. 
 
 40- 
 
 3 
 
 Nor. 
 
 31, 1867 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1867 
 
 91 
 
 13 
 
 do. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1867 
 
 July 
 
 27, 1868 
 
 92 
 
 239 
 
 do. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Dee. 
 
 7, 1868 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1869 
 
 93 
 
 88 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1869 
 
 April 
 
 10, 1869 
 
 93 
 
 38 
 
 do. 
 
 41. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1869 
 
 July 
 
 15, 1870 
 
 94 
 
 336 
 
 do. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 5, 1870 
 
 March 
 
 4. 1871 
 
 95 
 
 90 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1871 
 
 April 
 
 30, 1871 
 
 95 
 
 47 
 
 do. 
 
 42. 
 
 3 
 
 Dec. 
 
 4, 1871 
 
 June 
 
 10, 1873 
 
 96 
 
 190 
 
 do. 
 
 
 a 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1872 
 
 March 
 
 3, 1873 
 
 97 
 
 91 
 
 do. 
 
 43 
 
 44j 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1873 
 
 June 
 
 33, 1874 
 
 98 
 
 304 
 
 do. 
 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1874 
 
 March 
 
 4, 1875 
 
 99 
 
 93 
 
 do. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 1875 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 CONGBISS. 
 
 Ist F. A. Muhlenberg, 
 3d Jonathan Trurubull, 
 3d F. A. Muhlenberg. 
 4th Jonathan Dayton, 
 cj, (Jonathan Dayton, 
 
 (George Dent, pro tern., ' 
 
 Theodore Sedgwick, 
 
 Nathaniel Macon, 
 
 Nathaniel Macon, 
 
 Nathaniel Macon, 
 
 Joseph B. Varnum, 
 
 Joseph B. Varnum, 
 
 Henry Clay, 
 w„ , (HenrvClay, Ist ses., 
 
 ^**'''' ILang'donCheves, 2d " 
 14th Henry Clay, 
 15th Henry Clay, 
 iRti (Henry Clay, 1st ses., 
 
 ^'"■'' I John WVJaylor 2d " 
 17th Philip iL'Barbour, 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 Connecticut. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 New Jersey. 
 
 Maryland. 
 Massachusetts. 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 Kentucky. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 CONORE39. 
 
 18th Henry Clay, 
 19th JohnWTaylor, 
 20th Andrew Stevenson, 
 Andrew Stevenson, 
 Andrew Stevenson, 
 (Andrew Stevenson, 1st ses., 
 ] Henry Hubbard, pro tern., 
 John Bell, 
 James K. Polk, 
 James-K. Poltr, 
 jRd'bBrt.M. TJIuoter, 
 (John White, 
 ORti i John W. Jones, 
 
 ' j George W. Hopkins, pro tern., 
 29th John W. Davis, 
 „„ , j Robert C. Winthrop, 
 
 j Armistead Burt, pi-o tern., 
 i Howell Cobb, 
 I R. C. Winthrop, pro tern., 
 32d Linu Boyd, 
 
 21st 
 32d 
 
 23d 
 
 34th 
 35th 
 26th 
 
 37th 
 
 31st 
 
 Kentucky. 
 New York. 
 Virginia. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Georgia. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
504 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 CONOB 
 
 33d 
 34th 
 35th 
 36th 
 37th 
 38th 
 39th 
 
 Linn Boyd, 
 Natlianiel P. Banks, 
 James L. Orr, 
 William Peniiington, 
 Galusha A. Grow, 
 Schuyler Colfax, 
 Schuyler Colfax, 
 
 Kentucky. 
 Massachusetts. 
 South Carolina. 
 New Jersey. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 Indiana. 
 
 CONQRESP. 
 
 40th Schuyler Colfax, Indiana. 
 
 ( T. M. Pomeroy, one day. 
 
 \ James G. Blaine, Maine. 
 James G. Blaine, " 
 
 James G. Blaine, " 
 
 Michael C. Kerr, Indiana. 
 
 41st 
 
 42d 
 43d 
 44th 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE. 
 
 Congress. 
 
 1 to 4. 
 
 5 and 6. 
 
 7 and 8. 
 
 9 to 13. 
 13 and 14. 
 15 to 18. 
 19 to 23. 
 23 and 24. 
 25 and 26. 
 27. 
 
 29 and 30. 
 31. 
 
 VICB-rRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 John Adams, 
 Thomas Jefferson, 
 Aaron Burr, 
 George Clinton,* 
 Elbridge Gerry,* 
 Daniel D. Tomkins, 
 John C. Calhoun, f 
 Martin Van Bureu, 
 Richard M. Johnson, 
 John Tyler, | 
 George M. Dallas, 
 Millard Fillmore, § 
 
 
 CoNORESa 
 
 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 32. 
 
 William R. King,| 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 33. 
 
 (Vacant.) 
 
 
 New York. 
 
 34. 
 
 (Vacant.) 
 
 
 " 
 
 35. 
 
 John C. Breckenridge, 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 36. 
 
 John C. Breckenridge, 
 
 " 
 
 New York. 
 
 37. 
 
 Hannibal Hamlin, 
 
 Maine. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 38. 
 
 Hannibal Hamlin, 
 
 " 
 
 New York. 
 
 39. 
 
 Andrew Johnson, T[ 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 40. 
 
 (Vacant.) 
 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 41. 
 
 Schuyler Colfax, 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 42. 
 
 Schuyler Colfax, 
 
 
 New York. 
 
 43. 
 
 Henry Wilson, 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, PRO TEM. 
 
 Congress. 
 1st. 
 2d. 
 
 3d. 
 
 4th. 
 
 5th. 
 
 6th. 
 
 7th. 
 8th. 
 9th. 
 10th. 
 
 11th. 
 
 13th. 
 14th. 
 
 15th. 
 
 16th. 
 
 John Langdon, 
 ( Richard Henry Lee, 
 \ John Langdon, 
 ( Ralph Izard, 
 j Henry Tazewell, 
 ( Samuel Livermore, 
 1 William Bingham, 
 ' VViliam Bradford, 
 
 Jacob Read, 
 
 Theodore Sedgwick, 
 
 ,Iohn Laurance, 
 
 James Ross, 
 
 Samuel Rivermore, 
 
 Uriah Tracy, 
 
 John E. Howard, 
 
 James Hillhouse, 
 (Abraham Baldwin, 
 ( Stephen R. Bradley, 
 (John Browne, 
 ■! Jesse Franklin, 
 (Joseph Anderson, 
 \ Samuel Sraitli, 
 I Samuel Smith, 
 
 i Samuel Smith, 
 Stephen R. Bradley, 
 John Milledge, 
 i Andrew Gregg, 
 •Jjohn Gaillard, 
 (John Pope, 
 (William H Crawford, 
 (Joseph B. Varnum, 
 John Gaillard, 
 John Gaillard, 
 (John Gaillard, 
 j James Barbour, 
 James Barbour, 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Georgia. 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Vermont. 
 Georgia. 
 Pennsylvania. 
 South Carolina. 
 Kentucky. 
 Georgia. 
 Massachusetts. 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 CONQREBS. 
 
 16th. 
 
 17th. 
 18th. 
 19th. 
 
 20th. 
 
 21st. 
 
 22d. 
 
 23d. 
 
 24th. 
 35th. 
 26th. 
 
 27th. 
 
 28th. 
 29th. 
 30th. 
 31st. 
 32d. 
 33d. 
 34th. 
 35th. 
 
 36th. 
 
 37th. 
 
 38th. 
 
 39th. 
 40th. 
 
 4l3t. 
 
 42d. 
 43d. 
 44th. 
 
 John Gaillard, 
 John Gaillard, 
 John Gaillard, 
 Nathaniel Macon, 
 
 ( Nathaniel Macon, 
 
 ( Samuel Smith, 
 Samuel Smith, 
 
 ( Littleton W. Tazewell, 
 
 I Hugh L. White, 
 
 j George Poindexter, 
 
 I John Tyler, 
 William R. King, 
 William R. King, 
 William R. King, 
 
 I Samuel L. Southard, 
 Willie P. Mangum, 
 Willie P. Mangum, 
 David R. Atchison, 
 David R. Atchison, 
 William R. King, 
 William R. King, 
 David R. Atchison, 
 Jesse D. Bright, 
 Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 
 
 (Jesse D. Bright, 
 
 ] Solomon Foot, 
 Solomon Foot, 
 
 j Solomon Foot, 
 
 ( Daniel Clark, 
 La Fayette S. Foster, 
 Benjamin F. Wade, 
 Henry B. Anthony, 
 Henry B. Anthony, 
 
 ( Matthew H. Carpenter, 
 
 ( Thomas W. Ferry, 
 Thomas W. Ferry, 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 New Jersey. 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Missouri. 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 Wisconsin. 
 Michigan. 
 
 » Died in office. 
 
 t Resisned December 28, 1832. 
 
 % Became President by deatti of Harrison. 
 
 S Became President by death of Taylor. 
 
 11 Died in office. 
 
 5 Becume Prei<ident by death of Lincoln. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 505 
 
 SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE. 
 
 Karnes. 
 
 States. 
 
 Time of Appointmeut. Expiration of Service, 
 
 Samuel Allyne Otis 
 
 Charles Gutts 
 
 Walter Lowrie 
 
 Asbury Dickeus... 
 John W. Forney.. 
 George C. Gorham. 
 
 Massachusetts, 
 New Hampshire, 
 Pennsylvania, 
 North Carolina, 
 Pennsylvania, 
 California, 
 
 8 April, 
 
 11 Oct., 
 
 12 Dec, 
 12 Dec, 
 15 July, 
 
 4 June, 
 
 1789 
 1814 
 1835 
 1836 
 1861 
 1868 
 
 18 April, 1814 
 
 12 Dec, 1825 
 
 5 Dec, 1836 
 
 15 July, 1861 
 
 4 June, 1868 
 
 CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Time of Appointment. Expiration of Service. 
 
 John Beckley 
 
 Jonathan Williams Condy. . 
 
 John Holt Oswald 
 
 John Beckley 
 
 Patrick Magruder 
 
 Thomas Dougherty 
 
 Matthew St. Clair Clarke.. . 
 
 Walter S. Franklin 
 
 Hugh A. Garland 
 
 Matthew St. Clair Clarke. . . 
 
 Caleb J. McNulty 
 
 Benjamin B. French 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Campbell 
 
 Richard M. Young 
 
 John W. Forney 
 
 William Cullom 
 
 James C. Allen 
 
 John W. Forney 
 
 Emerson Etheridge 
 
 Ed ward McPherson 
 
 George M. Adams 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 Maryland, 
 
 Kentucky, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Virginia; 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 New Hampshire, 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 Hlinois, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Kentucky, 
 
 1 April, 
 15 Mav, 
 
 9 Dec, 
 7 Dec, 
 26 Oct., 
 
 30 Jan., 
 3 Dec, 
 
 2 Dec. 
 
 3 Dec, 
 
 31 Mav. 
 
 6 Dec, 
 18 Jan., 
 
 7 Dec. , 
 17 April, 
 
 1 Dec, 
 
 4 Feb., 
 6 Dec, 
 
 3 Feb., 
 
 4 July, 
 
 8 Dec, 
 6 Dec,- 
 
 1789 
 1797 
 1800 
 1801 
 1807 
 1815 
 1822 
 1833 
 1838 
 1841 
 1843 
 1845 
 1847 
 1850 
 1851 
 1856 
 1857 
 18G0 
 1861 
 1863 
 1875 
 
 15 May, 
 
 9 Dec, 
 
 7 Dec, 
 
 26 Oct., 
 
 28 Jan., 
 
 3 Dec, 
 
 2 Dec, 
 20 Sept., 
 31 Mav. 
 
 6 Dec. , 
 18 Jan., 
 
 7 Dec, 
 13 April, 
 
 1 Dec, 
 
 4 Feb., 
 6 Dec , 
 
 3 Feb., 
 
 4 July, 
 
 8 Dec, 
 6 Dec, 
 
 1797 
 1800 
 1801 
 1807 
 1815 
 1823 
 1833 
 1838 
 1841 
 1843 
 1845 
 1847 
 1850 
 1851 
 1856 
 1857 
 1860 
 1861 
 1863 
 1875 
 
 CHAPLAINS TO CONGRESS, 
 
 Showing the names of clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the Senate since 1789 ; also, the churches to 
 which they belonged, in the order of their appointment. 
 
 The initials opposite the name signify : B. for Baptist, C. for Congregationalist, D. for Dutch Reformed, 
 E. for Episcopalian, L. for Lutheran, M. for Methodist, P. for Presbyterian, R. C. for Roman Catholic, 
 U. for Universalist, Un. for Unitarian. 
 
 Names. Church. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Bishop Samuel Provost E. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Bishop William White E. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Bishop John Thomas Claggett E. 
 
 Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E. 
 
 Rev. A. T. McCormick E. 
 
 Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E. 
 
 Rev. John J. Sayers E. 
 
 Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E. 
 
 Rev. A. E. McCormick E. 
 
 Rev. R. Elliott P. 
 
 Rev. M. Wilmer. E. 
 
 Rev, O. B. Brown B. 
 
 Rev. Walter Addison E. 
 
 Rev. J. Breckenridge, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. Jesse Lee M. 
 
 Rev, J. Glendy P. 
 
 Rev. J. Glendy P. 
 
 Rev. S. E. Dwight C. 
 
 Rev. W. Hawley E. 
 
 Rev. John Clark P. 
 
 Rev. B. Allison B. 
 
 Rev. William Ryland M. 
 
 Rt. Rev. C. P. McHvaine, D.D E. 
 
 Names. Church. 
 
 Rev. W. Staughton B. 
 
 Rt. Rev. C. P. McHvaine, D.D. : E. 
 
 Rev. W. Staughton B. 
 
 Rev. W. Ryland M. 
 
 Rev. H. V. D. Johns, D.D E. 
 
 Rev. J. P. Durbin, D.D M. 
 
 Rev. C. C. Pise R. C. 
 
 Rev. T. W. Hatch E. 
 
 Rev. E. Y. Higby E.- 
 
 Rev. Henry Slicer M. 
 
 Rev. (i. G. Cookman M. 
 
 Rev. S. Tustin, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. Henry Slicer M. 
 
 Rev. C. M. Butler, D.D E. 
 
 Rev. Henry Slicer M. 
 
 Rev. Henry C. Dean M. 
 
 Rev. Stephen P. Hill B.- 
 
 Rev. P. C. Gurley.'D.D P. 
 
 Rev. Le Roy Sunderland, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Thomas Bowman M. 
 
 Rev. Dr. E. H. Gray B. 
 
 Rev. Dr. J. P. Newman M. 
 
 Rev. Byron Sunderland P. 
 
506 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Showing the names of Clergymen who liave served as Chaplains to the Mouse of Representatives since 1789. 
 
 Names. Cliarch. 
 
 Rev. William Lynn, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Blair P. 
 
 Rev. AsUbel Green, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Lyell M. 
 
 Rev. W. Parkinson B. 
 
 Kev. W. Bentley C. 
 
 Rev. W. Parkinson B. 
 
 Rev. James Laurie P. 
 
 Rev. .J. Glendy P. 
 
 Rev. R. Elliott P. 
 
 - Rev. O. B. Brown B. 
 
 Rev. Jesse Lee M. 
 
 Rev. N. Sneathen M. 
 
 Rev. Jesse Lee M. 
 
 Rev. O. B. Brown B. 
 
 -Rev. S. H. Cone, D.D B. 
 
 -TE^v. B. Allison B. 
 
 -^Rev. J. N. Campbell P. 
 
 --Rev. Jared Sparks, LL.D Un. 
 
 --Rev. J. Breckenridge, D.D P. 
 
 - Rev. H. B. Bascomb, D.D M. 
 
 -Rev. Reuben Post, D.D P. 
 
 ~^ev. R. R. Gurley P. 
 
 ^Rev. Reuben Post, D.D P. 
 
 -Rev. W. Hammett M. 
 
 -"Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D M. 
 
 -Rev. E. D. Smith P. 
 
 --Kev. T. H. Stockton, D.D M. 
 
 Names. Church. 
 
 <Re V. 0. C. Comstock B. 
 
 Rev. S. Tustin, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. L. R. Reese M. 
 
 ■Rev. Joshua Bates C 
 
 Rev. T. W. Braxton B. 
 
 Rev. J. W. French E. 
 
 Rev. J. N. Matfit, D.D M. 
 
 -Rev. J. S. Tiffany E.^ 
 
 Rev. J. S. Tinslev B. - 
 
 Rev. W. M. Dailv, D.D M. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Milburn M. 
 
 Rev. W. S. S. Sprole P. 
 
 Rev. P. D. Gurley, D.D P. 
 
 Rev. L. F. Morgan M. 
 
 Rev. James Gallagher P. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Milburn M. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Waldo C. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Waldo C. 
 
 Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D M. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Channing U. 
 
 Rev. Charles B. Bovntou, D.D C. 
 
 Rev. J. G. Butler. ." P. 
 
 Rev. S. L. Townsend E. 
 
 Note. —The Thirty-fifth Congreps disoontinned the usage of 
 electing Chaplains, und extended an invitation to the clergy of 
 the District of Ctihiinbia to aliernate in opening the daily ^ei^- 
 siona by nrayer. and in preaching on the Sabbatl) : which they 
 continued to do until the Thirty-pixth CoTigreBB ; but the Thir- 
 ty-seventh Congre98 returned to the old pructice. 
 
 SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 [officially prepared for this work.] 
 
 For further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals. 
 
 FIRST ADMINISTRATION— n 
 ElOHT Ye.vus. 
 
 I to 1797.— 
 
 President — Georqk Washington, Virginia. 
 
 Vice-President — John Adams, Massaehusetto. 
 
 Secretaries of State* — Thomas Jefferson, of Vir- 
 ginia, appointed September 36, 1789 ; Edmund Ran- 
 dolph, of Virginia, January 3, 1794 ; Timothy Picker- 
 ing, of Massachusetts, December 10, 1795. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, of 
 New York, September 11,1789; Oliver Wolcott, of 
 Connecticut, February 3, 1795. 
 
 Secretaries of War and of the Navy\ — Henry Knox, 
 of Massachusetts, September 13, 1789 ; Timotliy Pick- 
 ering, of Massacliusetts, January 3, 1794 ; James Mc 
 Henry, of Maryland, January 87, 1796. 
 
 Poslmaster8-Oenernl\ — Samuel Osgood, of Massachu- 
 setts, September 26, 1789 ; Timothy Pickering, of 
 Massachusetts, November 7, 1791 ; Joseph Habersham, 
 of Georgia, February 25, 1795. 
 
 Attorneys-General — Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, 
 September 26, 1789, made Secretary of State, January 
 3, 1794 ; William Bradford, of Pennsylvania, January 
 28, 1794 ; died. Charles Lee, of Virginia, December 
 10, 1795. 
 
 SECOND ADMINISTRATION-1797TO 1801.— 
 
 Four Years. 
 President — John Adams, Ma.ssachusetts. 
 Vice-President — Tho.mas Jefferson, Virginia. 
 
 * The Department of State was created by the Act of Septem- 
 ber l.'i, 1789, previously to which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was 
 denominated the Department of Foreign Affaira. 
 
 t The War Department, as created by Act of Congress of 
 August 7. 1789, had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs. 
 A separation took place in April, 1798, when a Navy Department 
 was established. 
 
 t From the organization of the Government down to the year 
 1829 the Postmasters-General were not recognized as members of 
 the Cabinet, but are herein printed as such for the sake of uni- 
 formity. 
 
 Secretaries of Stale — Timothy Pickering, continued 
 in office; Jolin Marshall, of Virginia, May 13, 1800. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver Wolcott, con- 
 tinued in office ; Samuel Dexter, of Massachusetts, 
 May 31, 1800. 
 
 Secretaries of War — James McHenry, continued in 
 office ; Samuel Dexter, of Massachusetts, May 13, 
 1800; John Marshall, 1800; Roger Grisvvold, of Con- 
 necticut, February 3, 1801. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, of Massachu- 
 setts, May 3, 1798, declined ; Benjamin Stoddert, of 
 Maryland, May 21, 1798. 
 
 Postmaster-General — Joseph Habersham, continued. 
 
 Attorney-General — Charles Lee, continued. 
 
 THIRD ADMINISTRATION— 1801 TO 1809.— Eight 
 Y'ears. 
 
 President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 
 
 Vice-Pre.iddents—KKRO'Si Burk, New York ; George 
 Clinton, New York. 
 
 Secretary of State — James Madison, of Virginia, 
 March 5, 180f. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel Dexter, con- 
 tinued in office ; Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, May 
 14,1802. 
 
 Secretary of Wai — Henry Dearborn, of Masachu- 
 setts, March 4, 1801. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin Stoddert, con- 
 tinued in office ; Robert Smith, of Maryland, January 
 26, 1802; Jacob Crowninshield, of Ma.ssach usetts, 
 Marcli 3, 1805. 
 
 Postmaslers-General-Jofe\)\\ Habersham, continued 
 in office; Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26, 
 1802. 
 
 Attorneys-Genereil — Theophilus Parsons, of Massa- 
 chusetts, February, 30, 1801, declined ; Levi Lincoln, of 
 Massachusetts, March 5, 1801 ; resigned in 1 803. Robert 
 Smith, of Maryland, March 3, 1805; John Breckin- 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 5or 
 
 ridgre, of Kentucky, December 35, 1805 ; Caesar A, 
 Rodney, of Delaware, January 20, 1807. 
 
 FOURTH ADMINISTRATIOy— 1809 to 1817.— 
 Eight Years. 
 
 Praddent — James Madison, Virginia. 
 
 Vice-Presidents — Geokoe Clinton, New York, 
 Elbhidge Gerky, Massachusetts. 
 
 Secretaries of State — Robert Smith, of Maryland, 
 March G, 1809 ; James Monroe, of Virginia, November 
 
 25, 1811. 
 
 Secretaries of the Trca-iiir!/ — Albert Gallatin, con- 
 tinued in office ; George W. Campbell, of Tennessee, 
 February 9, 1814 ; Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, October 6, 1814. 
 
 Secretaries of iFac^William Eustis, of Ma.ssachu- 
 setts, March 7, 1809 ; John Armstrong, of New York, 
 January 19, 1813 ; James Monroe, of Virginia, Septem- 
 ber 26, 1814; William H. Crawford, of Georgia, 
 March 2, 1815. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — Paul Hamilton, of South 
 Carolina, March 7, 1809 ; William Jones, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, January 13, 1813 ; Benjamin W. Crowninshield, 
 of Massachusetts, December 17, 1814. 
 
 Postmasters-Oeneral — Gideon Granger, continued in 
 office ; R. J. Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814. 
 
 Attorneys-General — Caesar A. Rodney, continued in 
 office ; William Pinkucy, of Maryland, December 11, 
 1811 ; Richard Rush, February 10, 1814. 
 
 FIFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1817 to 1825.— 
 Eight Y'ears. 
 
 President — James Monroe, Virginia. 
 
 Vice-President — Daniel D. Tomkins, New York. 
 
 Secretary of State — John Q. Adams, of Massachu- 
 setts, March 3, 1817. 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury — William Crawford, of 
 Georgia, October 22, 1817. 
 
 Secretaries of War — Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, 
 March 5, 1817, declined the appointment ; John C. 
 Calhoun, of South Carolina, December 16, 1817. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin W. Crownin- 
 shield, continued in office ; Smith Thompson, of New 
 York, November 30, 1818 ; John Rogers, ad interim^ 
 1823 : Samuel L. Southard, of New Jer.sey, Decem- 
 ber 9, 1823. 
 
 Postmaiters-General — Return J. Meigs, continued in 
 office ; John McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823. 
 
 Attorney-General— VfiWiaxa Wirt, of Virginia, 
 December 15, 1817. 
 
 SIXTH ADMINISTRATION— 1835 to 1839.— 
 Four Years. 
 
 President — John Qdincy Adams, Massachusetts. 
 
 Vice President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina. 
 
 Secretary of State — Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 
 8, 1825. 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury — Richard Rush, of Penn- 
 sylvania, March 7, 1825. 
 
 Secretaries of War — James Barbour, of Virginia, 
 March 7, 1825 ; Peter B. Porter, of New Y'ork, May 
 
 26, 1828. 
 
 Secretary of the Navy — Samuel L. Southard, con- 
 tinued in office. 
 
 Postmaster-General — John McLean, continued in 
 office. 
 
 Attorney-General — William Wirt, continued in 
 office. 
 
 SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1829 to 1837.— 
 Eight Years. 
 
 President — Andrew Jackson, Tennessee. 
 
 Vice-President^JoHS C. Calhoun, South Carolina; 
 Martin Van Bdren. New York. 
 
 Secretaries of State — Martin Van Buren, of New 
 York, March 6, 1829; Edward Livingston, of Louisi- 
 ana, 1831 ; Louia McLaue, of Delaware, 1833 ; John 
 Forsyth, of Georgia, 1834. 
 
 35 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel D. Ingham, of 
 Pennsylvania, March 6, 1829 ; Louia McLane, of 
 Delaware, 1831 ; William J. Duane, of Penn.sylvania, 
 1833 ; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 1833 (not con- 
 firmed by the Senate) ; Levi Woodbury, of New 
 Hampshire, 1834. 
 
 Secretaries of War— John H. Eaton, of Tennessee, 
 March 9, 1829; Lewis Cass, of Michigan. 1831. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — John Branch, of North 
 Carolina, March 9, 1829 ; Levi Woodbury, of New 
 Hampshire, 1831 ; Mahlon Dicker.son, of New Jersey, 
 1834. 
 
 Postmasters- General — William T. Barry,* of Ken- 
 tucky, March 9, 1829 ; Amos Kendall, of Kentucky, 
 1835. 
 
 Attorneys-General — John M. Berrien, of Georgia, 
 March 9, 1829 ; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, Decem- 
 ber 27, 1831 ; Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, June 
 24, 1834. 
 
 EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION— 1837 TO 1841.— 
 Four Y^ears. 
 
 President — Martin Van Buuen, New York. 
 
 Vice-President — Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. 
 
 Secretary of State — John Forsyth, of Georgia, June 
 27, 1834. 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury — Levi Woodbury, of 
 New Hampsliire, June 27, 1834. 
 
 Secretary of War — Joel R. Poinsett, of South Caro- 
 lina, March 7, 1837. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — Malilon Dickerson, of New 
 Jensey, June 30, 1834; James K. Paulding, of New 
 Y'ork, June 30. 1838. 
 
 Postmasters-General — Amos Kendall, of Kentucky, 
 May 1, 1835 ; John M. Niles, of Connecticut, May 25, 
 1840. 
 
 Attorneys-General — Benjamin F. Butler, of New 
 York, continued in office, having acted for five months 
 as Serectary of War; Felix Grundy, of Tennessee, 
 September 1, 1838; Henry D. Gilpin, of Pennsylvania, 
 January 10, 1840. 
 
 NINTH ADMINISTRATION— 1841 TO 1845.— Four 
 Y'ears. 
 
 President — General Willlam Henry Harrison, 
 Ohio. Died April 4, 1841. 
 
 Vice-President — John Tyler, Virginia. 
 
 President — John Tyler, Virginia (from April 4, 
 1841). 
 
 Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, of Massachu- 
 setts, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legare, of South Car- 
 olina, May 9, 1843, died June 20, 1843 ; Abel P. Up- 
 shur, of Virginia, June 24, 1843, died February 28, 
 1844 ; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844 ; Joha 
 C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, March 6, 1844. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, of 
 Ohio, March 5, 1841 ; Walter Forward, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, September 13, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, of New 
 York, March 3, 1843 ; George M. Bibb, of Kentucky, 
 June 15, 1844. 
 
 Secretaries of Wai — John Bell, of Tennessee, March 
 5, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, of New York, October 12, 
 1841, transferred to Treasury Department ; James M. 
 Porter,of Pennsylvania, March 8. 1843. rejected by the 
 Senate ; William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania, Febru- 
 ary 15, 1844. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy—Qeorge E. Badger, of 
 North Carolina, March 5, 1841; Abel P. Upshur, of 
 Virginia, September 13, 1841, transferred to Depart- 
 ment of State ; David Henshaw, of Massachusetts, 
 July 24, 1843, rejected by the Senate ; Thomas W. 
 Gilmer, of Virginia, February 15, 1844, died February 
 
 Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the presidency, 
 the Postmaster-General was loolied upon as the head of a bureau, 
 but President Jackson invited Mr. Barry to a seat in hie Cabinet 
 meetinys. since which time the head of the Post-office Depart- 
 lueut baa been considered a regular member of the Cabinet. 
 
508 
 
 TABULAE EECORDI 
 
 38, 1844 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, March 14, 
 1844. 
 
 Postmasters-General — Francis Granger, of New 
 York. March 6, 1841 ; Charles A. WicklifEe, of Ken- 
 tucky, September 13, 1841. 
 
 Attormys-Oeneral — John J. Crittenden, of Ken- 
 tucky, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legare, of South Car- 
 olina, September 13, 1841, died ; John Nelson, of Mary- 
 laud, January 3, 1844. 
 
 TENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1845 TO 1849.— FouK 
 Years. 
 
 President — James Knox Polk, Tennessee. 
 
 Vice-President — George M. Dallas, Pennsylva- 
 nia. 
 
 Secretary of State — James Buchanan, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, March 5, 1845. 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. Walker, of 
 Mississippi, March 5, 1845. 
 
 Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, of New York, 
 March 5, 1845. 
 
 Secretaries of the Navy — George Bancroft, of Massa- 
 chusetts, March, 1845 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, 
 in 1846. 
 
 Postmaster-General — Cave Johnson, of Tennessee, 
 March 5, 1845. 
 
 Attorneys-General — John Y. Mason, of Virginia, 
 March 5, 1845 ; Natlian Clifford, of Maine, December 
 23, 1846 ; Isaac Toucey, of Connecticnt, June 21, 
 1848. 
 
 ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1849 TO 1853— 
 Four Years. 
 
 President — Zachary Tatlor, Louisiana. Died 
 July 9, 1850. 
 
 Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, New York. 
 
 President — Millard Fillmore, New York. Suc- 
 ceeded Zachary Taylor, on his death, July 9, 1850. 
 
 Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware, 
 March 7, 1849 ; Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, 
 July 30, 1850. died October 34, 1853 ; Edward Everett, 
 of Massachusetts, November, 1858. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, 
 of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1849; Thomas Corwin, of 
 Ohio, July 20, 1850. 
 
 Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, of Geor- 
 gia, March 7, 1849 ; Winfield Scott, ad interim, July 
 23, 1850 ; Charles M. Conrad, of Louisiana, August 
 15, 1850. 
 
 Secretaries ofthcNaey — William B. Preston, of Vir- 
 ginia, March 7, 1849 ; William A. Graham, of North 
 Carolina, July 20, 1850; John P. Kennedy, of Mary- 
 land, iu 1853. 
 
 Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, 
 March 7, 1849 ; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, 
 September 13, 1850. 
 
 Postmasters-General — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, 
 March 7, 1849 ; Nathan K. Hall, of New York, July 
 20, 1850 ; Samuel D. Hubbard, of Connecticut, 1853. 
 
 Attorneys- General — Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, 
 March 7, 1849 ; John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, July 
 20, 1850. 
 
 TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1853 to 1857.— 
 Four Years. 
 
 President — Franklin Pierce, New Hampshire. 
 
 Vice-President — William R. King, Alabama. Died 
 April 18, 1853. 
 
 Secretary of State — William L. Marcy, of New York. 
 March 7, 1853. 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, of Ken- 
 tucky, March 7, 1853. 
 
 Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, 
 March 7, 1853. 
 
 Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, of North 
 Carolina, March 7, 1853. 
 
 Secretary of tlie Interior — Robert McClelland, of 
 Michigan, March 7, 1853. 
 
 PostmaMer-General — James Campbell, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, March 7, 1853. 
 
 Attorney-General — Caleb Cushing, of Massachu- 
 setts, March 7, 1853. 
 
 THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1857 to 1861. 
 — Four Years. 
 
 President — James Buchanan, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Vice-President — John C. Breckinridge, Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 Secretaries of State — Lewis Cass, of Michigan , March 
 1857 ; Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, December 
 1860. 
 
 Secretaries of tlie Treasury — Howell Cobb, of Geor- 
 gia, March, 1857 ; Philip F. Thomas, of Maryland, 
 December, 1860 ; John A. Dix, of New York, January 
 1861. 
 
 Secretaries of War — John B. Floyd, of Virginia. 
 March, 1857 ; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, December 
 1860. 
 
 Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucey, of Connecti 
 cut, March, 1857. 
 
 Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, of Mis- 
 sissippi, March, 1857. 
 
 Postmasters-General — Aaron V. Brown, of Tennes- 
 see, March, 1857. died ; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, 
 March, 1859 ; Horatio King, of Maine, February 12, 
 1861. 
 
 Attorneys-General — Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, March, 1857; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, De- 
 cember, 1860. 
 
 FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1861 to 1869. 
 — Eight Years. 
 
 President — Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. Died 
 April 15, 1865. 
 
 Vice-Presidents — Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine ; 
 Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, March 4, 1865. 
 
 President — Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, suc- 
 ceeded Abraham Lincoln, on his death April 15,1865. 
 
 Secretary of State — William H. Seward, of New 
 York, March, 1861. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Salmon P. Chase, of 
 Ohio, March, 1861 ; William P. Fessenden, of Maine, 
 July 1, 1864 ; Hugh McCulloch, of Indiana, March, 
 1865. 
 
 Secretaries of War — Simon Cameron, of Pennsylva- 
 nia, March, 1861 ; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, Janu- 
 ary, 1863, suspended August 12, 1867, and General 
 U. S. Grant appointed «<? interim; but, by order of 
 the Senate, Mr. Stanton was re-instated in the War 
 Office, January 14, 1868. On the 31st of February, 
 1868, Mr. Stanton was removed from office, and Ma- 
 jor-General Lorenzo Thomas, the Adjutant-General, 
 was appointed Secretary of War ad interim ; but the 
 Senate did not concur, and Mr. Stanton continued in 
 office. Tlie Senate, as a Court of Impeachment, hav- 
 ing failed, Mr. Stanton, on the 36th of May, volun- 
 tarily retired from the War Department. John M. 
 Schofield, of Illinois, May 30, 1868. 
 
 Secretary of the Naoy — Gideon Welles, of Connecti- 
 cut, March, 1861. 
 
 Secretaries of the Interior — Caleb B. Smith, of Indi- 
 ana, March, 1861, resigned December, 1862; John P. 
 Usher, of Indiana, January. 1863 ; James Harlau, of 
 Iowa, May, 1865 ; 0. H. Browning, of Illinois, ap- 
 pointed in July, 1866. but did not enter upon his duties 
 until September 1, 1866. 
 
 Postmasters-General — Montgomery Blair, of Mary- 
 land, March, 1861 ; William DennLson, of Ohio, Octo- 
 ber, 1864 ; Alexander W. Randall, of Wisconsin, July, 
 1866. 
 
 Attorneys-General — Edward Bates, of Missouri, 
 March, 1861 ; James Speed, of Kentuckv, December, 
 1864 ; H. F. Stanbery, of Kentucky, July 1866, but 
 resigned March 13, 1868 ; O. H. Browning, of Illinois, 
 Acting, March, 1868; William M. Evarts, of New 
 York, July, 1868. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 509 
 
 FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1869 to 1877.— 
 Eight Years. 
 
 President — Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois. 
 
 Vice-Presidents — Schuyler Colfax, of Indian*'; 
 Henry Wilson, of Massaclmsetts. ' 
 
 Secretaries of State — Eliliu B. WasUburne, of Illj- 
 Dois, March .5, 1869, resigned ; Hamilton Fish, of New 
 York, March 11, 1869. 
 
 Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander T. Stewart, 
 of New York, March 5, 1809, but as he was found in- 
 eligible to the position, because of his being engaged 
 in commerce, he declined ; George S. Boutwell, of 
 Massachusetts, March 11, 1869 ; William A. Richard- 
 son, of Massachusetts, March 17, 1873 ; Benjamin H. 
 Bristow, of Kentucky, June 4, 1874. 
 
 Secretaries of War — John M. Scbofield, of Missouri, 
 continued in office ; John A. Rawlins, of Illinois, 
 
 March 11, 1869 ; William W. Belknap, of Ohio, Octo- 
 ber 13, 1869. 
 
 Secretaries of tJie Navy — Adolph E. Borie, of Penn- 
 sylvania, March .5, 1869, resigned ; George M. Robe- 
 son, of New Jersey, June 22, 1869. 
 
 Secretaries of the Interior — Jacob D. Cox, of Ohio, 
 March 5, 1869 ; Columbus Delano, of Ohio, November, 
 1870 ; Zachariah Chandler, of Michigan, October, 1875. 
 
 Postmasters-General — John A. J. Cresswell, of Ma- 
 ryland, March 5, 1869 ; James W. Marshall, ad inter- 
 im, July 7, 1874 ; Marshall Jewell, of Connecticut, 
 September 1, 1874. 
 
 Attorneys-General — Ebenezer R. Hoar, of Massa- 
 chusetts, March 5, 1869 ; Amos T. Ackerman, of 
 Georgia, June 16, 1869 ; George H. Williams, of 
 Oregon, December 14, 1871 ; Edwards Pierrepont, 
 May 15, 1875. 
 
 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE. 
 [officially pkepabed for this volume.] 
 
 Wliile the Constitution specifies no man as an ex- 
 ecutive officer excepting the President, his Cabinet 
 Ministers have always shared the title with him ; but 
 the real executive officers of the General Government 
 are the men who have charge of the bureaus of the 
 several departments. They are the men, moreover, 
 with whom the people come more directly in contact 
 while attending to business in Washington, and the 
 following is an authentic list of such officers who 
 have held appointments since the foundation of the 
 government. And here the compiler desires to make 
 the statement that where the dates are omitted it is 
 because the records of the officers are incomplete ; and 
 ahso that it has been impossible for him to separate 
 the dates of appointment from those of confirmation 
 by the Senate, several months having occasionally 
 transpired between the dates. 
 
 DEPARTMEMT OF STATE. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries. — A. Dudley Mann, March 23, 
 1853. William Hunter, May 8. 1855. John Addison 
 Thomas, November 1, 1855. John Appleton, April 4, 
 1857. Frederick AV. Seward, March 6, 1861. J. C. 
 Bancroft Davis, March 25, 1869. William Hunter 
 (present incumbent), July 27, 1866. John J. Cadwala- 
 der, July 1, 1874. John A. Campbell, February 24, 1875. 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries. — Tench Coxe (office abolished 
 June 30, 1792), September 11, 1789. Charles B. Pen- 
 rose, March 13. 1849. Allen A. Hall, October 10, 1849. 
 William L. Hodge, November 16, 1850. Peter G. 
 Washington, Mardi 4,^,^53. Philip Clavton, March 
 13. 1858. George Harrifigton, March 13, 1861. M. W. 
 Field, March 18, 1864. William E. Chandler. June 
 5, 1865. John P. Hartley, July 11, 1863. Edmund 
 Cooper, November 20, 1867. William A. Richardson, 
 March, 1869. Frederick A. Sawyer, March 19, 1873 ; 
 Charles F. Conant, July 1, 1874. Curtis F. Burnham, 
 May 4, 1874. 
 
 ComptrolUrs. — Nicholas Eveleigh, September 11, 
 1789. Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 17. 1791. Jonathan 
 Jackson. February 35. 1795. John Davis, June 26, 
 1795. John Steele, July 1, 1796. Gabriel Duval, 
 December 15, 1802. Richard Rush, November 22, 
 1811. Ezekiel Bacon, February 11, 1814. Joseph 
 Anderson, February 28,1815. George Wolf, June IS, 
 1836. James N. Biuier, February 33, 1838. Walter 
 Forward. April 6, l&tl. James W. McCulloh, April 
 1, 1842. Elisha Whittlesey, May 31, 1849. William 
 Medill, May 1, 1857. Eli.sha Whittlesey (reappointed), 
 April 10, 1801. Robert W. Tavlor (present incum- 
 bent), January 14. 1863. 
 
 Second Comptrollers.— B.\cha.Ti Cutts, March 23, 1817, 
 
 Isaac Hill, March 21, 1829. James B. Thornton, July 
 14,1830. Albion K. Parris, August 20, 1836. Hiland 
 Hall, November 29, 1850. E. J. Phelps, October 1, 
 1851. John M. Brodhead, February 14, 1853. James 
 Madison Cutts, October 9, 1857. John M. Brodhead 
 (reappointed and present incumbent), June 1863. 
 
 Commissioners of Customs. — Charles W. Rockwell, 
 March 10, 1849. Hugh J. Anderson, March 23, 1853, 
 Samuel Ingham, February 3, 1858. Nathan Sargent, 
 May 14, 1861. Henry C. Johnson, April 8, 1874 
 (present incumbent). 
 
 Fir.it Auditors. — Oliver Wolcott, Jr., September 11, 
 17S9. William Smith, Jr., July 16, 1791. Richard 
 Harrison, November 29, 1791. Jesse Miller, Decem- 
 ber 27, 1836. Tullv R. Wise, June 17, 1842. William 
 Collins, July 24, 1844. William Collins, December 31, 
 1844. John C. Clarke, August 2, 1849. Thomas L. 
 Smith, October 31, 1849. Thomas L. Smith, July 33, 
 1850. David W. Mahon, December 31, 1871 (present 
 incumbent). 
 
 Second Auditors. — William Lee, March 6, 1817. 
 William B. Lewis, March 19, 1830. John McCalla, 
 March 39, 1845. Philip Clayton, April 9, 1849. 
 Thomas J. D. Fuller, February 3, 1858. Ezra B. 
 French (present incumbent), August 7, 1861. 
 
 Third Auditors. -Peter Hagner, March 6, 1817. 
 John S. Gallaher, October 22, 1849. John S. Galla- 
 her, August 31, 1850. Francis Burt, April 6, 1853. 
 Robert J, Atkinson, August 38, 1854. Robert J. At- 
 kinson, February 19, 1855. Eli.iah Sells, July 18, 
 1864. John Wilson, October 38, 1864. Allan Ruth- 
 erford (present incumbent), April 31, 1871. 
 
 Fourth Auditors. — William Winder (called ac- 
 countant of the navy), July 16, 1798. Thomas Tur- 
 ner (called accountant of the navy), January, 1800. 
 Constant Freeman (called accountant of the navy), 
 February, 1816, Constant Freeman (Auditor), March 
 6, 1817. William P. Van Ness, May 26, 1834. Wil- 
 liam Lee, February to June, 1824. Tobias Watkins, 
 January 3, 1825. Amos Kendall, May 10, 1830. 
 John C. Pickett, January 5, 1836, Aaron 0, Dayton, 
 June 9, 1838. A, J. O'Bannon, March 1, 1859. Talia- 
 ferro Hunter, August 15, 1860. Hobart Berrian,May 
 4, 1861. Stephen J. W. Tabor (present incumbent), 
 June 1,1863. 
 
 Fifth Auditors. — Stephen Pleasanton, March 6, 
 1817. Josiah Minot, March 3, 1853, Murray McCon- 
 nell, August 1, 1853, Bartholomew Fuller, March 1, 
 1859, John C, Underwood, July 31,1861, CharlesM. 
 Walier, August 31, 1863. H. D. Barron, April, 1869. 
 J. H. Ela, 1873. 
 
 Sixth Auditors. — Charles K. Gardner, July 3, 1836, 
 Elisha Whittlesey, March 19, 1841. Matthew St. 
 Clair Clark, December 19, 1843. Peter G. Washing- 
 
510 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 ton, March 26, 1845. Jolm W. Farrelly, November 
 5, 1849. William F. Phillips, April 7, 1853. Thomas 
 M. Tate, October 1, 1857. Green Adams, April 17, 
 
 1861. Elijah Sells, October 26, 1864. Isaac N. Ar- 
 nold, April 29, 1865. Hugh J. Anderson, September 
 26, 1866. John J. Martin, Jlay, 1869. C. C. Sheets, 
 1875. Jacob M. McOrew (present Incumbent), 1875. 
 
 Trea,surera. — Samuel Meredith, September 11. 1789. 
 Thoma.s Tudor Tucker, January 1, 1801. Michael 
 Nourse (irf interim), Mav 3, 1828. William Clark, 
 July 1, 1828. John Canipbell, July 1, 1829. Wil- 
 liam Selden, July 22, 1839. William B. Randolph 
 {ad interim), November 24, 1850. John Sloan, De- 
 cember 1, 1850. Samuel Casey, April 7, 1853. Wil- 
 liam B. Randolph (iid interim), December 23, 1859. 
 William C. Price, April 4, 1860. Francis E. Spiiuier, 
 March, 1861. John C. New, 1875 (present incumbent). 
 
 Registers — Joseph Nourse, September 11, 1789. 
 Thomas L, Smith, June 1, 1829. Ransom H. Gillett, 
 April 1, 1845. Daniel Graham, June 4, 1847. Michael 
 Nourse (acting), March 6, 1849. Allen A. Hall, April 
 9, 1849. Michael Nourse (acting). January 18, 1850. 
 Townsend Haines, February 13, 18.50 Nathan Sar- 
 gent, November 1, 1851. Finley Bigger, April 20, 
 1853. L. E. Chittenden, April 17, 1861. Stoddard 
 B. Colby (died in 1867), August 12, 1864. Noah L. 
 Jeffries, September 3, 1867. Jolm Allison (present 
 incumbent). April 3, 1869. 
 
 Comptrollers of the Currency. — Hugh MrCulloch 
 May 9, 1863. Freeman Clarke, March 9, 1865, Sam- 
 uel T. Howard (deputy), June, 1865. Hiland R. Hul- 
 burd (deputy). July 24, 1865. Hiland R. Hulburd, 
 February 6, 1867. John Jay Knox, April 25, 1872. 
 
 Solicitors.— VixgW Maxey, May 20, 1830. Henry D. 
 Gilpin, September 25, 1837. Matthew Birchard, 
 January 19, 1840. Charles B. Penrose, September 
 19, 1841. Seth Barton, March 25, 1845. Ransom H. 
 Gillett, May 27, 1847. John C. Clark, July 23, 1850. 
 George F. Comstock, November 15, 1853. F. B. 
 Streeter, January 33, 1854. Junius Hillyer, Decem- 
 ber 1, 1857. Edward Jordan, March 38, 1861. E. C. 
 Banfield, 1860. Bluford Wilson (in office). .. 
 
 Commissioners of Internal Renenue. —George S. 
 Boutwell, July 17, 1863. Joseph J. Lewis, March 4, 
 1803. William Orton, July 1, 1865. Edward Ashton 
 Rollins, November 1, 1865. Columbus Delano, 1869. 
 John W. Douglass, August 8, 1871. D. D. Pratt, 
 (present incumbent). May 4, 1875. 
 
 Director of Bureau of Statistics. — Alexander Del- 
 mar, 1866. Abolished by act of June, 1868. from be- 
 ginniuff of 1869. 
 
 Superintendents of the Coast Survey.— We-s.a.nAttxTi. 
 Bache (died February 17, 1867), December 12, 1843. 
 J. E. Hilgard (assistant in charge), October 1, 1846. 
 Benjamin Pierce, September 27, 1867. C. P. Patter- 
 eon (present incumbent), May 4, 1871. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR. 
 Assistant Secretaries. — John P. Usher, March 20, 
 
 1862. William T. Otto, January 38, 1863. Benjamin 
 R. Cowen, April, 1871. 
 
 Commissioners of the Land Office. — Prior to April, 
 1813, grants of land were issued by letters patent 
 from the Department of State, and in that year the 
 act was passed establishing the General Land Office. 
 From that time it was a branch of the Treasury De- 
 partment, but when the Department of the Interior 
 was organized the Land Office became one of its bu- 
 reaus, and has so continued to the present time. As 
 the compiler was unable to obtain an official list of 
 commissioners, it is not certain that the following 
 names and dates are entirely correct, but he did the 
 best he could under the circum.stances. In the Land 
 Office itself there is no official record of those who 
 have served as commissioners. 
 
 Edward Tiffin, May 7, 1813. Josiah Meigs, Octo- 
 ber 11, 1814. John McLean, December 34, 1823. 
 George Graham, December 15, 1823. Elijah Hay ward, 
 
 December 16, 1830. Ethan A. Brown, January 5, 
 1836. James Whitcomb, December 27, 1836. Eli.slia 
 M. Huntington, July 3, 1841. Thomas H. Blake, May 
 19, 1842. James Shields, Aprin6, 1845. Richard M. 
 Young, January 6, 1847. Justin Butterfield, January 
 34, 18.50. John Wilson, February 16, 1853. Thomas 
 
 A. Hendricks, January 8, 1856. Joseph S. Wilson, 
 February 23, 1860. James M. Edmonds, March 19, 
 1861. Joseph S. Wilson, September 1, 1866. Willis 
 Drummond, February, 1871. Samuel S. Burdett, 
 June, 1874. 
 
 Commissioners of the Patent Office — (Reorganized by 
 law July 4, 1836, prior to whicli the heads of the 
 office were styled Superintendents, and the men hold- 
 ing that office were as follows ; — William Thornton, 
 1802 ; Thomas P. Jones, April 12, 1828 ; John D. 
 Craig, January 1, 1830; and James C. Pickett, Janu- 
 ary 1, 1836.) Henry L. Ellsworth, July 4, 1836. Ed- 
 mund Burke, May's, 1845. Thomas Ewbank, May 
 19,1849. S. H. Hodses, November 8, 1853. Richard 
 C. Weightman, Acting Commissioner from March 35 
 to May 15, 1853. Charles Mason, March 16, 1853. 
 Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner from March 
 
 5, 1857, to September 9, 1857. Joseph Holt, Septem- 
 ber 10, 1857. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commis- 
 sioner fr.>m March 15, to May 33, 1859. William D. 
 Bishop, May 23, 1859. Philip F. Thomas, February 
 
 6, 1800. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner 
 from December 14, 1860, to March 27, 1861. David P. 
 Hollowav, March 28, 1861. Thomas C. Theaker, August 
 17, 1865." S. S. Fisher, April 26, 1869. M. D. Leggett, 
 January 30, 1871. I. M. Tliackery, November 1, 
 1874 R. Holland Duel, September 6, 1875. 
 
 Commissioners of the Pension Office. — James L. Ed- 
 wards, March 3, 1833. James E. Heath, November 
 27, 1850. Loren P. Waldo, March 17, 1853. Josiah 
 Minot, January 10. 1856. George C. Whiting, January 
 19, 1857. Joseph H. Barrett, May 1, 1861. Resigned. 
 C. C. Cox, July, 1868. Henry Van Reman, 1869. 
 James H. Baker, . H. M. Atkinson, March, 1875. 
 
 Commissioners of Indian Affairs — Organized Julv 
 9, 1833.— Elbert Herring, July, 1833. Carey A.Harris, 
 July 5, 1836. Thomas Hartley Crawford, October 22, 
 1838. William Medill, October 30, 1845. Orlando 
 Brown, July 2, 1849. Duke Lea, July 2, 18-50. 
 George W. Manypenny, March 30, 1853. James W. 
 Denver, April 17, 1857. Charles E. Mix. June 17, 
 1858. James W. Denver, November 8, 1858. Alfred 
 
 B. Greenwood, May 13, 1859. William P. Dole, 
 March 14, 1861. Dennis N. Cooley, July 11, 1865. 
 Lewis V. Bogv, November 1, 1866. Nathaniel G. 
 Taylor, March" 27, 1867. Eli S. Parker, April, 1869. 
 Francis A. Walker, December, 1871. Edward D. 
 Smith, March, 1873. John Q. Smith, December, 
 1875. It should be stated here that Mr. Mix 
 has been chief clerk of the office for many years, 
 and that his services as Acting Commissioner, at dif- 
 ferent times, would comprehend nearly four years. 
 
 Commissioner of the Public BuilUncjs. — [From 
 1791 to 1803 the public buildings were under the 
 charge of a Board of Commissioners, and the follow- 
 ing were members of said board, namely : — Thomas 
 Johnson, Daniel Carroll, David Stewart, Gustavus 
 Scott, William Thornton, Alexander White, William 
 Cranch, and Tristani Dalton.] 
 
 Thomas Munroe, Superintendent, June 3, 1803. 
 Samuel Lane, date of appointment not known. Jo- 
 seph Elgar, Commissioner, April 9, 1816. William 
 Noland, February 10, 1834. Andrew Beaumont, No- 
 vember 5, 1846. Charles Douglass, March 3,1847. 
 Ignatius Mudd, July 23, 1850. William Easby, March 
 12, 1851. Benjamin B. French, June 30, 1853. John 
 B. Blake, July 1, 1854 William S.Wood, July 12, 
 1861. Benjamin B. French, September 7, 1861. 
 
 [In February. 1867, the office of Commissioner was 
 abolished, and provision made for detailing an officer 
 of the Engineer Corps to perform the duties pre- 
 viously devolving upon the Commissioner.] 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 511 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 [Prior to the establishment of this office on an in- 
 dependent footing, its affairs were under the general 
 supervision of the Commissioner of the Patent Office, 
 or the Secretary of the Interior Department, and its 
 immediate head was called a Superintendent.] 
 
 GmnmUaioner . — Isaac Newton, July 1, 1863. Died. 
 John W. Stokes, June 20, 1867 (Acting Commissioner). 
 Horace Capren, November 29, 1867. Frederick 
 Watts, 1871. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 
 
 Commusioner. — Henry Barnard, March, 1867. John' 
 Eaton. 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries. — Thomas A. Scott, Marcli, 
 1861. P. H. Watson, January 22, 1862. John Tucker, 
 January 37, 1862. C. P. Wolcott, September 1, 1862. 
 Charles A. Dana, March 1, 1864. Regular officers of 
 the army officiate at the head of all the bureaus of 
 this Department. 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries. — Gustavus V. Fox, July 31, 
 1861. (He was also additional Secretary six months 
 from November 26, 1866.) William Faxon, June 1, 
 1866. Regular officers of the Navy officiate at the 
 head of all the bureaus of this Department. 
 
 OFFICE OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 
 
 Assistant Attorneys-General. — Alfred B. McCal- 
 mont, March, 18.i9. Titian J. Coffey, March, 1861. 
 J. Hubley Ashton, May, 1864. John M. Binckley, 
 1867. J. Hubley Ashton, Julv, 1868. Z. Lvle Dickev, 
 July, 1868. Walbridge A. Field, 1869. Thomas H. 
 Talbot, 1869. Clement H. Hill, 1870. Walter H. 
 Smith, 1871. Wm. McMichael, 1871. JohnGoforth, 
 1873. John Cessna, 1875. Thomas Simmons, 1875. 
 Edwin B. Smith, 1875. Augustus S. Gaylord, 1875. 
 
 Solicitors-General. — B. H. Bristow, 1870. Samuel 
 F. Phillips, 1872. 
 
 POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Assistant Postmasters-General. — Setli Pense, in of- 
 fice 1816. Abraham Bradley, Jr., in office 1817. Phin- 
 eas Bradley, in office 1818. 
 
 First Assistants. — Charles K. Gardner, appointed in 
 1829 Selali R. Hobbie, 1836. S. D. Jacobs, 1851. 
 Selah R. Hobbie, 18.53. Horatio King, 1854. St. 
 John B. L. Skinner (acting), 1861. John A. Kasson, 
 1861. Alexander W. Randall, 1862. St. John B. L. 
 Skinner, 1866. George Earle, 1869. James W. Mar- 
 shall, 1869 (resigned). James H. Marr, 1874, ad int. 
 James W. Marshall, 1874 (second time). 
 
 Second Assistants. — Selah R. Hobbie, 1829. Robert 
 Johnson, 1836. Philo C. Fuller, 1841. John C. 
 Brvan, 1843 or 1843. J. W. Tyson, 1843. N. M. Mil- 
 ler, 1844. William Medill, 1845. William J. Bi-own, 
 1845. Fitz Henry Warren, 1851. William H. Dun- 
 das, 1853. George W. McLellan, 1861. Giles A. 
 Smith, in 1869. John L. Routh, 1871. James M. 
 Tyner, 1875. 
 
 Third Assistants. — Daniel Coleman, 18-36. John S. 
 Skinner, 1841. N. M. Miller, 1845. [For a time this 
 office was dispensed with, and when revived the fol- 
 lowing were appointed] : — John Marron (no date giv- 
 en). Alexander N. Zevely, 18.59. W. H. H. Terrell, 
 1869, resigned. Edward W. Barber, 1873. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC PRINTING. 
 Prior to 1819 the printing of Congress and the de- 
 partments was given to the lowest bidders, and exe- 
 cuted by contract ; in that year a law was passed 
 
 making it the duty of the Senate and Hou!.!e of Rep- 
 resentatives to elect printers to do their work sepa- 
 rately, and on several occasions the two Houses select- 
 ed the same man, or firm, who were continued from 
 one Congress to another. The per.sons elected under 
 this order of things until the national printing-office 
 was established were as follows: — Gales & Seaton, 
 S., 1830 ; H„ 1831 ; S., 1835 ; H., 1841 ; S., 1843. Duff 
 Green, S., 1831. Blair & Rives, H., 1835; H., 1837; 
 H., 1840 : H., 1843. Thomas Allen, H., 1837 ; S., 1841 ; ' 
 Ritchie & Heiss, H. and S., 1845. Robert Armstrong, 
 S. , 1853. ^ Beverly Tucker, S. , 18.53. John T. Towers, 
 H., 1853. A. O. P. Nicholson, H., 1854; S., 18.56. 
 Cornelius Wendell, H., 1850. William A. Harris, S., 
 1857. J. H. Steadman,H.,18o7. George W. Bowman, , 
 S., 1860. Thomas H. Ford, H., 1860. The persons 
 who have held the office of Superintendents of Pub- 
 lic Printing by appointment of the President since 
 the organization of the National Printing Bureau are 
 as follows: — John D. Defrees, March 5, 1861. Cor- 
 nelius Wendell, September 1, 1866. In February, 
 1867, a law was passed abolishing the title of Super- 
 intendent, and restoring that of Congressional Printer, 
 and making the office elective by the Senate, and, on 
 the 36th of February, 1867, John D. Defrees was 
 elected to that office, to serve during the pleasure of 
 the Senate, and he was succeeded by A. M. Clapp, 
 now in office. 
 
 LliiU.\RiAN8 OP CoNGKESS. — From the History of 
 the Federal City, published by S. D. Wyeih, Esq., we 
 learn that for many years the duties of giving out 
 books from the Congress Library were performed by 
 the Clerk of the House. The first Commission was 
 issued to John Beckley in 1802 ; Patrick Magruder, 
 1807 ; George Watterston. 1815 ; John S. Meehan, 
 1829; John G. Stephenson, 1861 ; and A. R. Spofford, 
 (the present incumbent) 1865. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITU- 
 TION. 
 
 Secretary. — Professor Joseph Henry (present incum- 
 bent), December 3, 1846. 
 
 Assistant Secretary. — Professor Spencer F. Baird 
 (present incumbent), July 5, 1850. Regents were : — 
 
 Vice-Presidents.— G. M. Dallas, M. Fillmore, J. C. 
 Breckinridge, H. Hamlin, L. F. S. Foster (acting), B. 
 F. Wade, S. Colfax, and Henry Wilson. 
 
 Chief Justices.— R. B. Taney, S. P. Chase, N. Clif- 
 ford (acting), M. R. Waite. 
 
 Mayors of Washington. — -W. W. Seaton, Walter 
 Lenox, John W. Maury, John T. Towers, W. B. Ma- 
 gruder, J. G. Bennet, R. Wallach, S. J. Bowen, and 
 M. G. Emery. 
 
 Governors of the D. C--Henry D. Cooke, Alex. R. 
 Shepherd. 
 
 Citizens of Washington. — A. D. Bache, .Tos. G. Tot- 
 ten, Rich. Delafield, Peter Parker, Wm. T. Sherman, 
 George Bancroft. 
 
 Citizens at large. — Rufus Choate, Mass. ; Gideon 
 Hawley, N. Y. ; Richard Rush, Pa. ; Wm. C. Preston, 
 S. C. ; C. C. Felton, Mass.; W. B. Astor, N. Y. ; W. 
 L. Dayton, N. J.; J. McP. Berrien, Ga. ; L. Agassiz, 
 Mass.; Asa Gray, Mass. ; Henry Coppee, Pa. ; John 
 Maclean, N. J. ; Geo. E. Badger, N. C. ; T. D. Wool- 
 sey.Ct. ; J. D. Dana, Ct. 
 
 Senators. — Geo. Evans, I. S. Pennybacker, S. 
 Breese, L. Cass, J. A. Pearce, Jeff. Davis, .1. M. Ma- 
 son, L. Trumbull, W. P Fessenden.H. Hamlin, A. A. 
 Sargent, R. M. Charlton, S. A. Douglas, Garret Da- 
 vis, J. W. Stevenson. 
 
 Uepresentati}>es.—&cibt. Dale Owen,Wm. J. Hougli, 
 H. W. Hilliard, G. P. Marsh. Robt. McClelland, W, 
 F Colcock, G. N. Fitch, D. Stuart, S. Colfax, Henry 
 W. Davis, J. A. Garfield, E. R. Hoar, Jas. Meacham.H. 
 Warner, L. J. Gartrell, E. McPherson, J. W. Patter- 
 son, L. P. Poland, G.W. Hazelton, Wm. II. English, 
 Benj. Stanton, S. S. Cox, J. F. Farnsworth, J. V. L. 
 Pruyn. 
 
512 
 
 TABULAR RECORDI 
 
 THE UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSEEVATOEY. 
 SUPERINTENDENTS. PROFESSORS. 
 
 Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury, from October 
 1, 1844, to April 30, 1861. Captain James Melville Gil- 
 liss, from April 32, 1861, to February 9, 1865. Rear- 
 Admiral Charles Heury Davis, from April 38, 1865, 
 to May 8, 1867. Rear-Admiral Benjamin F. Sands, 
 from May 8, 1867, to February 33, 1874. Rear- Admi- 
 ral Charles Heury Davis, from February 33, 1874. 
 
 The Professors to whom the Observatory is mostly 
 indebted for its reputation are John H. C. Coffin, 
 Sears C. Walker, Joseph Hubbard, Reuel Keith, 
 Mark H. Beecher, James Major, James Ferguson, 
 Mordecai Yernall, Simon Newcomb, Asaph Hall, 
 William Harkness, John H. Eastman, Joseph E. 
 Nourse. H. H. Lockvfood. 
 
 THE NATIONAL MINT. 
 
 LOCATED IN PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS. 
 David Rittenhouse, of Pennsylvania, appointed in 
 July. 1793. Henry William De Saussure, of South 
 Carolina, July, 1795. Elias Boudiuot, of New Jersey, 
 October, 1795. Robert Patterson, of Pennsylvania, 
 July, 1805. Samuel Moore, of Pennsylvania, 
 July, 1834. Robert M. Patterson, of Pennsylvania, 
 July, 1835. George N. Eckert. of Pennsylvania, July, 
 1851. Thomas M. Pettit, of Pennsylvania, April, 
 1853. James Ross Snowden, of Pennsylvania, June, 
 1853. James Pollock, of Pennsylvania, April, 1869. 
 
 DIRECTOR IN WASHINGTON. 
 Henry R. Linderman. 
 
 BRANCH MINTS. 
 New Orleans, Louisiana; Charlotte, North Caro- 
 
 lina; San Francisco, California; Denver, Colorado; 
 Carson City, Nevada ; Boise City, Idaho. 
 Assay office, New York City. 
 
 GOLD PRODUCT SINCE 1847— OFFICIAL ESTI- 
 MATE. 
 
 Total $1,289,730,000. 
 
 California 986,800,000. 
 
 Another States 353,950,000. 
 
 SILVER PRODUCT SINCE 1848-OFFICIAL ESTI- 
 MATE. 
 
 Total, $186,800,000. 
 
 All at gold valuation in 1875. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTOES. 
 
 [officially prepared for this work.] 
 
 The election of the President and Vice-President, 
 by Colleges of Electors, chosen in each State, "was 
 first proposed in the Convention for the formation of 
 the Constitution, by James Wilson, a Delegate from 
 Pennsylvania. It was adopted after a prolonged dis- 
 cussion, and was regulated by an Act of Congress, of 
 March 1,1793. Tho Electors must be chosen within 
 thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of 
 December of the year in which an election of Presi- 
 dent and Vice-President takes place. They must be 
 equal in number to all the Senators and Representa- 
 tives in Congress, but no Senator or person holding 
 an office of trust or profit under the United States 
 can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at 
 first chosen in four different modes, viz. : by joint 
 ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote 
 of the two branches of the State Legislature, by the 
 people of the State, voting by general ticket, and by 
 the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was 
 evidently that which gave the fairest expression to 
 public opinion, by approaching nearest to a direct vote. 
 But those States which adopted it were placed at the 
 disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their 
 strength, and neutralization of their vote; while the 
 Electors chosen by either of the other methods voted 
 in a body on one side or the other, thus making the 
 voice of the State decisively felt. This consideration 
 induced the leading States of Massachusetts and Vir- 
 ginia, which originally adopted the district system, 
 to abandon it in 1800. 
 
 An Act of Congress was approved January 23,1845, 
 to establish a uniform time for holding elections for 
 Electors in all the States of the Union, whereby they 
 are appointed in each State on the Tuesday next after 
 the first Monday in the month of November of the 
 
 year in which they are to be appointed. Each State 
 may also by law provide for the filling of any vacan- 
 cy or vacancies which may occur in its College of- 
 Electors, when such College meets to give its elector- 
 al vote ; and when any State shall have held an elec- 
 tion for the purpose of choosing Electors, and shall 
 fail to make a choice on the day aforesaid, then the 
 electors may be appointed on a subsequent day, in 
 such manner as the State shall by law provide. 
 
 The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective 
 States, on the first Wednesday of December, and vote 
 by distinct bajlots for President and Vice-President, 
 one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same 
 State with themselves. They make lists of the num- 
 ber of votes given, and of the persons voted for, 
 which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, 
 to the President of the Senate at Washington. 
 
 The Senate and House of Representatives, having 
 met in convention on a day fixed, the President of the 
 Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes are 
 counted. The person having the greatest number of 
 votes for President is duly elected, if such a number 
 be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap- 
 pointed. If no person have such a majority, then 
 from the persons having the highest number, not ex- 
 ceeding three, in the list of those voted for as Presi- 
 dent, the House of Representatives shall choose im- 
 mediately, and by ballot, the President. If the House 
 of Representatives shall not choo.se a President, when- 
 ever the right of choice devolves upon them, before 
 the 4th of March next following, then the Vice-Pres- 
 ident shall act as President, as in the case of the death 
 or other constitutional disability of the President. 
 
 Should the offices of President and Vice-President 
 both become vacant, it then becomes the duty of the 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 513 
 
 Secretary of State to communicate information there- 
 of to the Executive of each State, and to cause the 
 same to be published in at least one newspaper in 
 every State, giving two months' previous notice that 
 Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in 
 the several States, within thirty-four days next pre- 
 ceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, 
 when the choice of President must proceed as usual. 
 
 FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. 
 
 George Washington was unanimously elected 
 President, receiving 69 votes. John Adams was 
 elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while 
 John Jay had 9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John 
 Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clinton 3, Samuel 
 Huntington 3, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, 
 and Benjamin Lincoln 1. The electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Benjamin Bellows, Ebenezer Thompson. 
 
 1. John Pickering, 2. John Parker, 
 
 3. John Sullivan. 
 
 MASS.^CHUSETTS. 
 
 Caleb Davis, 
 
 1. Samuel Philips, Jr., 
 
 2. Walter Spoouer, 
 
 3. Francis Dana, 
 
 4. Moses Gill, 
 
 David Sewall. 
 
 5. Samuel Henshaw, 
 
 6. William Gushing, 
 
 7. William Sever, 
 
 8. William Shepard. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Samuel Huntington, Erastus Wolcott. 
 
 1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Richard Law, 
 
 2. Thaddeus Burr, 4. Jedediah Huntington, 
 
 5. Matthew Griswold. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 David Brearley, David Moore. 
 
 1. James Kinsey, 3. John Neilson, 
 
 4. Matthias Ogden. 
 
 2. John Rutherford, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Edward Hand, James Wilson. 
 
 1. George Gibson, 5. CoUinson Read, 
 
 2. James O'Harra, 6. Samuel Potts, 
 
 3. John Arndt, 7. Lawrence Keene, 
 
 4. David Grier, 8. Alexander Graydon. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Gunning Bedford, George Mitchell. 
 
 1. John Baning. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 John Rogers, Philip Thomas. 
 
 1. George Plater, 4. William Richardson, 
 
 2. Robert Smith, 5. Alexander C. Hanson, 
 
 3. William Tilghman, 6. William Matthews. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Patrick Henry, 
 
 1. John Pride, 
 
 2. Edward Stevens, 
 
 8. Zachariali Johnston, 
 4. Anthony Walke, 
 
 W. Tikhugh. 
 
 5. James Wood, 
 
 6. David Stuart, 
 
 7. John Harvie, 
 
 8. John Roane. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledge. 
 
 1. Henry Laurens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, 
 
 2. Arthur Simkius, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr. 
 
 5. John F. Grimke. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 George Handley, John Wilson. 
 
 1. George Walton, 3. H. Osborne, 
 
 8. John King. 
 
 SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1793. 
 
 George Washington was again unanimously 
 elected President, receiving 133 votes. John Adams 
 was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes ; while 
 George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4, 
 and Aaron Burr 1. The Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 Josiah Bartlett, Benjamin Bellows. 
 
 1. John T. Gilman, 3. Jonathan Freeman, 
 
 3. John Pickering, 4. Ebenezer Thompson. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 Azor Orne, Francis Dana. 
 
 1. Samuel Holten, 8. Solomon Freeman, 
 
 Ebenezer Matteson,Jr., 9. William Shepard, 
 
 Thomas Dawes 
 William Sever, 
 Increase Sumner, 
 Walter Spooner, 
 Moses Gill, 
 
 10. Nathaniel Wei 
 
 11. Thompson J. Skinner, 
 
 12. Daniel Cony, 
 
 13. Dwight Foster, 
 
 14. Peleg Wadsworth 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Arthur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter. 
 
 1. George Champlin, 3. William Greene. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Samuel Huntington, John Davenport, Jr. 
 
 1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 
 
 2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5. Thomas Seymour, 
 
 3. David Austin, 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 
 
 7. Martin Wait. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Samuel Hitchcock, Lemuel Chipman. 
 
 1. Lot Hall, 2. Paul Brigham. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Jesse Woodhull, 
 1. Edward Savage, 
 3. Samuel Clark, 
 
 3. Johannes Bruyn, 
 
 4. Abraham Yates, Jr., 
 
 5. William Floyd, 
 
 David Van Ness. 
 
 6. Volkert Veeder, 
 
 7. Aljraham Ten Eyck, 
 
 8. Stephen Ward, 
 
 9. John Bay, 
 
 10. Samuel Osgood. 
 
 NEW JBliSEY. 
 
 Thomas H. Sanderson, Aaron D. Woodruffr 
 
 1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield, . 
 
 3. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick, 
 5. Franklin Davenport. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 William Henry, 
 
 1. Joseph Heister, 
 
 2. Thomas Bull, 
 
 3. Thomas McKean, 
 
 4. Cornelius Coxe, 
 
 5. Henry Miller, 
 
 6. Robert Johnston, 
 
 Robert Colemanj 
 
 7. John Wilkins, Jr., 
 
 8. John Boyd, 
 
 9. David Stewart, . 
 
 10. James Morris, 
 
 11. George Latimer, . 
 
 12. Robert Hare,, 
 
 13. Hugh Lloyd. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 James Sykes, Gunning-Bedford. 
 
 1. William Hill Wells., 
 
 M.ARYLAND 
 
 Alexander C. Hanson, 
 1. John E. Howard, 
 3. Levin Winder, 
 
 3. Thomais Lee, 
 
 4. William Smith,* 
 
 Joshua Seney. 
 
 5. Riehard Potts, 
 
 6. Sttmuel Hughes,* 
 
 7. William Richardson, 
 
 8. Donaldson Yates. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 John Wise, George Carrington. 
 
 1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 3. William O. Callis, 
 3, John Early, 4. Catesby Jones, 
 
 *Not preeeat. 
 
i)U 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 5. Elias Lanp;liam, 
 
 6. Daniel C. Brent, 
 
 7. John Dawson, 
 
 8. Stephen T. Mason, 
 
 9. John Roane, Jr., 
 
 10. Moses Hunter, 
 
 11. James Murdoiigh, 
 
 13. Archibald Stuart, 
 
 13. Michael Bailey, 
 
 14. John Bowyer, 
 
 15. Thomas Claiborne, 
 
 16. Maxwell Armstrong, 
 
 17. John Pride. 
 
 18. Claiborne Watkins, 
 
 19. Tarlton Woodson. 
 
 NOETn CAROLINA. 
 
 Stephen Cahames, 
 
 1. Alfred Moore, 
 
 2. John Mocon, 
 
 3. Joel Sane, 
 
 4. R. D. Spai^ht, 
 
 5. Benjamin Ismith, 
 
 John L. Taylor. 
 
 6. John M. Binford, 
 
 7. Mattliew Lock, 
 
 8. Peter Dange, 
 
 9. James Taylor, 
 10. William Porter. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 Cliarles C. Pinckney, John Chestnut. 
 
 1. Andrew Pickens, 4. Edward Rutledge, 
 
 2. John Hunter, 5. Robert Anderson, 
 
 3. John Barnwell, 6. John Julius Pringle. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Benjamin Taliaferro, 
 1. John King, 
 
 William Gibbons. 
 2. Seaborn Joues. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 K. C. Anderson, Charles Scott. 
 
 1. Benjamin Logan, 2. Notley Conn. 
 
 THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1797. 
 
 John Ad.vms was elected President, receiving the 
 entire vote of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 
 Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jer- 
 sey, and Delaware, with 10 scattering votes from 
 otiier States, making 71 of the 140 votes cast. Thomas 
 Jefferson was elected Vice-President, having the 
 next higlie.st number of votes, 68 ; while Thomas 
 Pinknev had 58 : Aaron Burr, 30 ; Samuel Adams, 15 ; 
 Oliver Ellsworth, 11 ; George Clinton, 7 ; John Jay, 
 5; James Iredell, 3; Samuel Jolinston, 2; George 
 Washington, 2 ; John Henry, 2 ; Charles C. Pinck- 
 ney, 1. The Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 Jolin T. Gilman, Timothy Farrar. 
 
 1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Benjamin Bellows. 
 
 2. Ebenezer Thompson, 4. Timothy Walker. 
 
 Elijah Dewey, 
 1. Elisha Sheldon, 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 John Bridgman, 
 2. Oliver Gallup. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 William Sever, 
 
 1. Samuel Holton, 
 
 2. Edward H, Robbins, 
 
 3. Elbridge Gerry, 
 
 4. Ebenezer Mattoon, 
 
 5. Samuel Phillips, 
 
 6. Increase Sumner, 
 
 7. Thomas Dawes, 
 
 Stephen Longfellow. 
 David Rosseter, 
 Nathaniel Wells, 
 Ebenezer Hunt, 
 Elisha May, 
 Joseph Allen, 
 Thomas Rice, 
 Ebenezer Bacon. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Arthur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter. 
 
 1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Oliver Wolcott, Jonathan Trumbull. 
 
 1. Jeremiah Wadsworth, 4. William Hart, 
 
 2. Heman Swift, 5. Elias Perkins, 
 
 3. Elizur Goodrich, 6. Jesse Root, 
 
 7. Jonathan Sturges. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Lewis Morris, 
 
 1. Richard Thorne, 
 
 2. Peter Cantine, Jr., 
 
 3. A. Ten Broeck, 
 
 4. Abijah Hammond, 
 
 5. A. Van Vechten, 
 
 R. Van Rensselaer. 
 
 6. William Root, 
 
 7. Peter Smith, 
 
 8. St. John Honeywood, 
 
 9. Charles Newkirk, 
 10. Johannes Miller. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 John Neilson, Caleb Newbold. 
 
 1. Aaron Ogden, 3. Jonathan Rhea, 
 
 2. John Blackwood, 4. William Colfax, 
 
 5. Elisha Lawrence. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thomas McKean, 
 
 1. James Boyd, 
 
 2. Joseph Heister, 
 
 3. William Brown, 
 
 4. John Piper, 
 
 5. John Whitehill, 
 
 6. William Irvine. 
 
 John Smilie. 
 
 7. Peter Muhlenberg, 
 
 8. Robert Coleman, 
 
 9. Abraham Smith, 
 
 10. Samuel Miles, 
 
 11. Jacob Morgan, 
 
 12. William Maclay, 
 
 13. James Hauna. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Thomas Robinson, Isaac Cooper. 
 
 1. Richard Bassett. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 John R. Plater, 
 
 1. Francis Deakins, 
 
 2. John Gilpin, 
 
 3. George Murdock, 
 
 4. John Roberts, 
 
 John Archer. 
 
 5. John Lynn, 
 
 6. John Eccleston, 
 
 7. Gabriel Duvall, 
 
 8. John Done. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 William Nimmo, William Terry 
 
 1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 10. Moses Hunter 
 
 2. David Saunders 
 
 3. John Taylor, 
 
 4. Catesby Jones, 
 
 5. Wilson C. Nichols, 
 
 6. D. Carroll Brent, 
 
 7. William Madison, 
 
 8. Levin Powell, 
 
 9. Benjamin Temple, 
 
 11. Josiah Riddick, 
 
 12. Archibald Stuart, 
 
 13. John Mason, 
 
 14. John Bowyer, 
 
 15. Robert Walker, 
 
 16. John Brown, 
 
 17. George Markham, 
 
 18. Robert Crockett, 
 
 19. Peter Johnson. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 James Martin, 
 
 1. Gabriel Raysdale, 
 
 2. John Gray Blout, 
 
 3. John Hamilton, 
 
 4. William Edmunds, 
 
 5. James Bradley, 
 
 Richard D. Spaight. 
 
 6. Jolin Hamilton, 
 
 7. William Martin, 
 
 8. Evan Alexander, 
 
 9. Antliony Brown, 
 10. Sterling Harwell. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Edward Rutledge, Arthur Simkins. 
 
 1. Andrew Pickens, 4. John Mathews, 
 
 2. William Thomas, 5. Tliomas Taylor, 
 
 3. John Chesnut, 6. John Rutledge, Jr. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 James Jackson, Charles Abercrombie. 
 
 1. Edward Telfair, 
 
 2. William Barnett. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Stephen Ormsby, Caleb Wallace. 
 
 1. Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Daniel Smith, Hugh Neilson. 
 
 1. Joseph Greer. 
 
TABULAR RECORD! 
 
 515 
 
 FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1801. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson and Aauon Bdru having each 
 received 73 of tlie 138 electoral votes cast, the choice 
 devolved upon the House of Representatives. The 
 73 votes comprised all from the States of New York, 
 Virginia, Kentucliy, Tennessee, South Carolina, and 
 Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Maryland, 
 and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 
 votes ; Charles C Piuckney, 64 ; and John Jay, 1. 
 The Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 Oliver Peabody, Benjamin Bellows. 
 
 1. John Prentice, 8. Ebenezer Thompson, 
 
 3. Timothy Farrar, 4. Arthur Livermore. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Elijah Dewey, Roswell Hopkins. 
 
 1. Jonathan Hunt, 3. William Chamberlain. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 Samuel Phillips, Francis Dana. 
 
 1. E. H. Robbins 
 
 2. Samuel Sewall, 
 
 3. David Rosseter 
 
 8. Joseph Allen, 
 
 9. William Sever, 
 10. S. S. Wilde, 
 
 4. Theophilus Bradbury, 11. William Baylies, 
 
 5. Ebenezer Hunt, 13. Lemuel Weeks, 
 
 6. John Hooker, 13. Thomas Dawes, 
 
 7. Walter Spooner, 14. Andrew P. Fernald. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 George Champlin, Oliver Davis. 
 
 1. Edward Mantou, 
 
 3. William Greene. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Jonathan Trumbull, Jonathan Ingersoll. 
 
 1. John Treadwell, 4. Matthew Griswold, 
 
 2. Tapping Reeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges, 
 
 3. Jesse Root, 6. J. 0. Moseley, 
 
 7. Stephen M. Mitchell. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Isaac Ledyard, Peter Van Ness. 
 
 1. Anthony Lispenard, 6. J. Van Rensselaer, 
 
 3. Robert Ellis, 7. Gilbert Livingston, 
 
 3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr., 8. Jacob Eaker, 
 
 4. John Woodworth, 9. Thomas Jenkins, 
 
 5. James Burt, 
 
 10. William Floyd. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 Isaac Smith, Samuel S. Smith. 
 
 1. Thomns Sinnickson, 3. Richard Stockton, 
 
 2. M. Williamson, Jr., 4. William Griffith, 
 
 5. Joshua L. Howell. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Frederick Kuhn, 
 1. James Armstrong, 
 3. John Kean, 
 
 3. George Ege, 
 
 4. Jonas Hartzell, 
 
 5. John Hubley, 
 
 6. Gabriel Heister, 
 
 Samuel Wetherill. 
 
 7. William Hall, 
 
 8. Presly Carr Lane, 
 
 9. Samuel W. Fisher, 
 
 10. N. B. Boileau, 
 
 11. James Crawford, Sr., 
 13. Isaac Van Horn, 
 
 13. Robert Whitehill. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Kensey Johns, Nathaniel Mitchell. 
 
 1. Samuel White. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Edmund Plowden, Francis Deakins. 
 
 5. Gabriel Duvall, 
 
 6. William M. Robertson, 
 
 7. Nicholas B. Moore, 
 
 8. Littleton Dennis. 
 
 1. George Murdock, 
 
 2. John Gilpin, 
 
 3. Martin "Kershner, 
 
 4. Perry Spencer, 
 
 George Wythe, 
 William Newsum, 
 Richard Brent, 
 William H. Cabell 
 William Ellzey, 
 James Madison, Jr 
 John Brown, 
 John Page, 
 John Preston, 
 Thomas Newton, 
 
 Walter Jones. 
 
 10. Hugh Holmes, 
 
 11. Joseph Jones, 
 13. Archibald Stewart, 
 
 13. William B. Giles, 
 
 14. John Shore, 
 1.5. Creed Taylor, 
 
 16. John Bowv er, 
 
 17. Thomas Reade, Sr., 
 
 18. Daniel Coleman, 
 19. George Penn. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 William Tate, 
 1. Joseph Winston, 
 3. William Martin, 
 
 3. Absalom Tatom, 
 
 4. Bryan Whitfield, 
 
 5. Spruce Macay, 
 
 Thomas Brown. 
 
 6. Nathan Mayo, 
 
 7. Joseph Tavlor, 
 
 8. Thomas Wynns, 
 
 9. Gideon Alston, 
 10. John Hamilton. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 John Hunter, Arthur Simkins. 
 
 1. Paul Hamilton, 4. Joseph BIyth, 
 
 2. Andrew Love, 5. Theodore Gaillard, 
 
 3. Robert Anderson, 6. Wade Hampton. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Jonn Morrison, 
 1. Dennis Smelt, 
 
 Henry Graybill. 
 David Blackshear. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 John Coburn, Charles Scott. 
 
 1. John Pope, 2. Isaac Shelby. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Daniel Smith, Robert Love. 
 
 1. John Locke. 
 
 The Hou.se of Representatives, on which devolved 
 the choice between Jefferson and Burr, voted to com- 
 mence Imlloting on Wedne.sday, the eleventh day of 
 February, to attend to no other business while the 
 election was pending, and not to adjourn until a 
 choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the 
 floor for the President and the Senators, but during 
 the act of balloting the galleries were cleared of spec- 
 tators, and the doors were clo.sed. Upon the first bal- 
 lot New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
 North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee 
 (8), voted for Thomas Jefferson ; New Hampsliire, 
 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, 
 and South Carolina (6), voted for Aaron Burr ; and 
 the votes of Vermont and Maryland (the representa- 
 tives of which were divided) were given blank. The 
 balloting was continued, and the House remained in 
 session, nominally without adjournment, for seven 
 days, during which one hundred and four members 
 were present. Some of them were so infirm or indis- 
 posed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, 
 and one member, who was quite ill, was attended by 
 his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, which was taken 
 on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Del- 
 aware and South Carolina were given blank, while 
 those of Vermont and Maryland were given to Mr. 
 Jefferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of 
 course, devolved upon Mr. Burr. 
 
 FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION — 1805. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson was re-elected President, re- 
 ceiving 163 of the 176 votes cast. This comprised the 
 entire electoral vote of all the States, except Connec- 
 ticut, Delaware, and Maryland ; the two first of which 
 threw their full vote for Charles Cotesworth Pinck- 
 ney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefferson, 
 and two for Mr. Pinckuey. GEORGE CLINTON was 
 
516 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 elected Vice-President by the same majority and vote, 
 Kufus King receiving fourteen votes. The Electors 
 were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 John Goddard, Robert Alcock. 
 
 1. Levi Bartlett, 3. Timothy Walker, 
 
 a. George Aldrich, 4. Jonathan Steele, 
 
 5. William Tarlton. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Joaiah Wright, Nathaniel Niles. 
 
 1. Samuel Shaw, 3. Ezra Butler, 
 
 3. William Hunter, 4. John Noyes. 
 
 M.\SS.4.CHTJSETT8. 
 
 James Sullivan, 
 
 1. Elbridwe Gerry, 
 
 2. John Whiting, 
 
 3. James Bowdoin, 
 
 4. John Bacon, 
 
 5. John Hathorne, 
 
 6. William Heath, 
 
 7. Thomas Kittridge, 
 
 8. John Woodman, 
 
 Timothy Newell. 
 9. James Wiuthrop, 
 
 10. Charles Turner, 
 
 11. Edward Upham, 
 13. Thomas Fillebrown, 
 
 13. James Warren, 
 
 14. John Farley, 
 
 15. John Davis, 
 
 16. Jonathan Smith, 
 
 17. Josiah Deaue. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Constant Taber, James Helme. 
 
 1. James Aldrich, 3. Benjamin Remington. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Jonathan Trumbull, Lewis B. Sturges. 
 
 1. John Treadwell, 4. Asher Miller, 
 
 3. David Smith, 5. David Daggett, 
 
 3. Oliver Ellsworth. 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 
 
 7. Joshua Huntington. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Sylvester Denlng, 
 
 1. James Fairlie, 
 
 2. Thomas Brooks, 
 
 3. Cornelius Bergen, 
 
 4. Matthias B. Hildreth, 
 
 5. John Herring, 
 
 6. William Floyd, 
 
 7. Ezra Thompson, 
 
 8. Jonas Earl 
 
 John Cramer. 
 9. John Wood, 
 
 10. Joseph Ellicott, 
 
 11. Conrad I. ElmendorfE, 
 13. Henry Quackinboss, 
 
 13. Stephen Miller, 
 
 14. Adam Comstock, 
 
 15. Albert Pawling, 
 
 16. Abraham Baucker, 
 
 17. Isaac Sargent. 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Solomon Freligh, Thomas Newbold. 
 
 1. Alexander Carmichael, 4. Jacob Hufty, 
 3. Moore Furman, 5. William Rossell, 
 
 3. Phineas Manning, 6. Abijah Smith. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Charles Thomson, Casper ShafEner, Jr. 
 
 1. William Montgomery, 10. Jacob Bennett, 
 
 2. John Bowman, — 
 
 3. Matthew Lawler, 
 
 4. William Brown, 
 
 5. Robert McMullen, 
 
 6. George Smith, 
 
 7. William Brooke, 
 
 8. Jacob Hostetter, 
 
 9. Thomas Long, 
 
 11. Francis Swaine, 
 13. James Montgomery, 
 
 13. Henry Spering, 
 
 14. John Minor, 
 
 15. James Boyd, 
 
 16. John Hamilton, 
 
 17. Peter Frailey, 
 
 18. Nathaniel Irish. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Maxwell Bines, Thomas Fisher. 
 
 1. George Kennard. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Richard Evers Lee, 
 
 1. John Goodrich, 
 
 2. Thomas Read, 
 8. Edward Pegram, 
 
 4. Creed Taylor, 
 
 5. William H. Cabell, 
 
 6. John Taliaferro, Jr., 
 
 7. George Penu, 
 
 8. Richard Brent, 
 
 9. George Wythe, 
 
 10. Hugh Holmes, 
 
 11. John Taylor, 
 
 Richard Field. 
 
 12. James Dailey, 
 
 13. Larkin Smith, 
 
 14. James Allen, 
 
 15. John Minor, 
 
 16. Archibald Stuart, 
 
 17. William Ellzey, 
 
 18. James McFarlane, 
 
 19. William Dudley, 
 
 20. John Preston, 
 
 21. Mann Page. 
 23. William McKinley. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Johp Parnham, Tobias E. Stansbury. 
 
 5. Edward Johnson, 
 
 6. Perry Spencer, 
 
 7. John Tyler, 
 
 8. Ephraim K. Wilson, 
 
 1. Joseph Wilkinson, 
 3. John Gilpin, 
 
 3. John Johnson, 
 
 4. William Qleaves, 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Felix Walker, 
 1. Peter Forney, 
 3. Lemuel Sawyer, 
 
 3. Joseph Williams, 
 
 4. James Jones, 
 
 5. Montford Stokes, 
 
 6. Reading Blount, 
 
 Robert Cochran. 
 
 7. Solomon Graves, 
 
 8. Bryan Whitfield, 
 
 9. Joseph Taylor, 
 
 10. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 
 
 11. Joseph John Alston, 
 
 12. Gideon Alston. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 John Blake, Samuel Warren. 
 
 1. John Gaillard, 5. Joseph Blythe, 
 
 2. Arthur Sirakins, 6. James Miles, 
 
 3. Thomas Taylor, 7. Joseph Calhoun, 
 
 4. William Hill, 8. John Taylor, 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Edward Telfair. James B. Maxwell. 
 
 1. David Emanuel, 3. Henry Graybill, 
 
 3. John Rutherford, 4. David Cresswell. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Cliarles Scott, Isaac Shelby. 
 
 4. Joseph Lewis, 
 
 1. John Coburn, 
 3. Ninian Edwards, 
 3. Hubbard Taylor, 
 
 5. William Irvine, 
 
 6. William Roberts. 
 
 9. Frisby Tilghman. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 David Deaderich, William Martin. 
 
 1. Richard Mitchell, 3. George Ridley, 
 
 3. Robert Houston. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 William Goforth, James Pritchard. 
 
 1. Nathaniel Massie. 
 
 SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1809. 
 
 James Madison was elected President, having re- 
 ceived the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsyl- 
 vania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, 
 and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of 
 the 11 of Maryland and 11 of the 14of North Carolina ; 
 in all 123 of the 175 votes cai5t ; George Clinton re- 
 ceived 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were 
 given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. George 
 Clinton was elected Vice-President, receiving 113 
 votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and 
 James Monroe 3. The Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Jeremiah Smith, Timothy Farrar. 
 
 1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Samuel Hale, 
 
 2. Benjamin West, A. Jonathan Franklin, 
 
 5. Robert Wallace. 
 
 Israel Smith, 
 1. Jonas Galusha, 
 3. James Tarbox, 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Samitel Shepardson. 
 
 3. John White, 
 
 4. William Cahoon. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 517 
 
 MAS8ACHXISETTS. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Caleb Strong, 
 
 1. Francis Dana, 
 
 2. Ebenezer Warren, 
 
 3. John Brooks, 
 ■t. Samuel Tobey, 
 
 5. Moses Brown, 
 
 6. Josluia Thomas, 
 
 7. William Bartlett, 
 
 8. Lemuel Williams, 
 
 17. 
 
 Daniel Dewey. 
 9. Eljenezer Bridge, 
 
 10. Andrew Fernald, 
 
 11. Benjamin Heywood, 
 
 12. Samuel Freeman, 
 
 13. Josiah Stearns, 
 
 14. Samuel S. Wilde, 
 
 15. John Hooker. 
 
 16. Jeremiah Bailey, 
 John Barrett. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Thomas P. Ives, James Rhodes. 
 
 1. C. Fowler, 3. Thomas Noyes. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Jonathan Trumbull, John Cotton Smith. 
 
 1. John Treadwell, 4. Jesse Root, 
 
 2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 5. Roger Griswold, 
 
 3. David Daggett, 6. Frederick Wolcott, 
 
 7. Samuel W. Johnson. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Ambrose Spencer, 
 
 1. Henry Huntington, 
 
 2. Benjamin Mooers, 
 
 3. John W. Seaman, 
 
 4. Adam B, Vromau, 
 
 5. Henry Rutgers, 
 
 6. Thomas Shankland, 
 
 7. John Oarretson, 
 
 8. William Hallock, 
 
 Henry Yates, Jr. 
 9. Ebenezer White, 
 
 10. Russell Atwater, 
 
 11. Thomas Lawrence, 
 
 12. Joseph Simonds, 
 
 13. James Tallmage, 
 
 14. Hugh Jamison, 
 1.5. Jonathan Rouse, 
 16. Matthew Carpenter, 
 
 17 Micajah Petit. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 James Mott, Benjamin Egbert. 
 
 1. James Morgan, 4. George Burgin, 
 
 2. Thomas Hendry, 5. David Welch, 
 
 3. Amos Harrison, 6. Abijali Smith. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Charles Thomson, 
 
 1. Thomas Leiper, 
 
 2. James Cowdeu, 
 
 3. Michael Leib, 
 
 4. William Wilson, 
 
 5. Joseph Engle, 
 
 6. Robert GriiTen, 
 
 7. William Rodman, 
 
 8. Jacob Hostetter, 
 
 9. Archibald Darrah, 
 
 Adamson Tannehill. 
 David Fullerton, 
 Jacob Weygandt, 
 Peter Kenimell, 
 Joseph Lefevre, 
 Josepli Huston, 
 Gabriel Heister, Jr., 
 WiHiam Montgomery, 
 (ifeorge Hartman, 
 John McDowell. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 James Booth, Daniel Rodney. 
 
 1. Nicholas Ridgely. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 John R. Plater, 
 
 1. Robert Bowie, 
 
 2. Thomas W. Veazey, 
 
 3. Edward Johnson, 
 
 4. Richard Tilghman, 
 
 Tobias E. Stansbury. 
 
 5. John Johnson, 
 
 6. Earl Perry Spencer, 
 
 7. John Tyler, 
 
 8. Henry James Carroll, 
 
 9. Nathaniel Rochester. 
 
 VIRG 
 Joseph Goodwin, Sr, 
 Edward Pegram, Sr., 
 Robert Nelson, 
 Richard Field, 
 Mann Page, 
 Thomas Read, 
 Richard Barnes, 
 Joscpli Eggleston, 
 John T. Brooks, 
 Hugh Nelson, 
 Hugh Holmes, 
 George Penn, 
 
 INIA. 
 
 Benjamin Harrison. 
 
 12. Osborn Sprigg, 
 
 13. Philip N. Nicholas, 
 
 14. James Allen, 
 1.5. Spencer'Roane, 
 
 16. Archibald Stuart, 
 
 17. John Roane, 
 
 18. Andrew Russell, 
 
 19. Robert Taylor, 
 
 20. John Preston, 
 
 21. Gustavus B. Horner, 
 23. William McKinley. 
 
 Francis Locke, 
 
 1. Thomas Wynns, 
 
 2. Kemp Plummer, 
 
 3. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 
 
 4. Joseph Taylor, 
 
 5. Murdock McKenzie, 
 
 6. Peter Forney, 
 
 Robert Cleveland. 
 
 7. Robert Love, 
 
 8. James Raiuey, 
 
 9. John Wiuslow, 
 
 10. Joseph Riddick, 
 
 11. William Gaston, 
 13. Henry I. Toole. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Joseph Gist, 
 
 1. John Wilson, 
 
 2. Langdon Clieves, 
 
 3. John McMonies, 
 
 4. Paul Hamilton, 
 
 Joseph Bellinger. 
 
 5. William Strother, 
 
 6. Samuel Mays, 
 
 7. William Zimmerman, 
 
 8. William Rouse. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 John Rutherford, David Meriwether. 
 
 1. John Twigg.s, 3. Henry Graybill, 
 
 2. Christopher Clark, 4. James E. Houston. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Samuel Hopkins, Charles Scott. 
 
 1. William Logan, 4. Hubbard Taylor, 
 
 2. Robert Trimble, 5. Robert Ewiug, 
 
 3. Matthew Walton, 6. Christopher Greenup. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 James Robertson, Joseph Greer. 
 
 1. William Martin, 2. James Sevier, 
 
 3. Baldwin Hale. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Nathaniel Massie, Thomas McCune. 
 
 1. Stephen Wood. 
 
 SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1813. 
 
 James Madison was re-elected President, having 
 received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Penn- 
 sylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, 
 Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and six 
 of the eleven votes of Maryland, — in all 138 of the 
 217 votes cast ; the balance (89) were given for De 
 Witt Clinton, of New York. Elbridgb Gerry was 
 elected Vice-President,' receiving 131 votes; while 
 Jared Inger.soU had 86. The Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 John Goddard, Timothy Farrar. 
 
 1. Oliver Peabody, 4. Caleb Ellis, 
 
 3. Benjamin West, 5. Nathan Taylor, 
 
 3. Samuel Hale, 6. Jonathan Franklin. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Nathaniel Nilea, Josiah Wright. 
 
 1. Noah Chittenden, 4. Elihu Luce, 
 
 2. William A. Griswold, 5. John H. Andrus, 
 
 3. William Slade, 6. Mark Richards. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 William Heath, 
 Harrison G. Otis, 
 Joshua Thomas, 
 Nathan Dane, 
 David Scudder, 
 Jeremiah Nelson, 
 Lathrope Lewis, 
 Abraham Bigelow, 
 Nathaniel Goodwin, 
 John Walker, 
 Samuel Parris, 
 
 John W. Hurlburt. 
 11. George Bliss, 
 13. Abiel Wood, 
 
 13. Benjamin Heywood, 
 
 14. Lemuel Paine, 
 13. Eleazer James, 
 
 16. James McClellan, 
 
 17. E. Williams, 
 
 18. William Crosby, 
 
 19. Isaac Maltby, 
 
 20. Israel Thorndike. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Christopher Fowler, William Rhodes. 
 
 1. Samuel G. Arnold, 3. Ephraim Bowen. 
 
518 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Nathaniel Terry, Daniel Putnam. 
 
 1. Theodore Dwight, 4. Stephen T. Hosmer, 
 
 2. James Gould, 5. Calvin Goddard, 
 
 3. David Daggett, 6. Jonathan Barnes, 
 
 7. S. B. Sherwood. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Joseph C. Yates, 
 Simeon DeWitt, 
 Robert Jenkins, 
 Archibald Mclutyre, 
 M. S. Vandercook, 
 John C. Hodgeboom 
 George Palmer, Jr., 
 G. S. Mumford, 
 James Hill, 
 J. Delamontagnie, 
 William Kirby, 
 P. Van Cortlaudt, 
 Henry Frey, 
 John Chandler, 
 2 
 
 23 
 24, 
 25 
 26, 
 John 
 
 David Van Xess. 
 Thomas H. Hubbard, 
 Henry Huntington, 
 John Russell, 
 John Woodworth, 
 James S. Kipp, 
 David Boyd, 
 Jothani .Jayme, 
 Cornelius Bergen, 
 
 . Jonathan Stanley, Jr. , 
 Joseph Perine, 
 Vi^illiam Burnet, 
 
 . Chauucey Belknap, 
 
 i. George Rosencrantz, 
 
 Dill. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 Matthew Whilden, William Griffith. 
 
 4. Andrew Howell, 
 
 5. Jacob Losey, 
 
 6. William McGilh 
 
 1. W^illiam B. Ewing, 
 
 2. Elias Conover, 
 
 3. Franklin Davenport, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 Walter Franklin, 
 Daniel Mitchell, 
 David Fullerton, 
 Paul Cox, 
 Samuel Smyth, 
 Isaac Worrell, 
 Robert Smith, 
 Micliael Baker, 
 Nathaniel Mickler, 
 Joseph Engle 
 
 Hugh Glasgow. 
 13. James Mitchell, 
 
 13. Isaiali Davis, 
 
 14. John Murray, 
 
 15. John Whitehill, 
 
 16. Clement Paine, 
 
 17. Edward Crouch, 
 
 18. Joseph Reed, 
 
 19. Henry AUshouse, 
 
 20. Alexander Dy.sart, 
 
 Chas. Shoemaker, Jr., 21. James Stephenson, 
 James Fulton, 22. David Mead, 
 
 23. Abia Minor. 
 
 DEL,\WARE. 
 James L. Clayton, James Sykes. 
 
 1. Benjamin Blackiston, 2. Thomas Fisher. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 Henry H. Chapman, Tobias E. Stansbury. 
 
 1. Edward H. Calvert, 5. John Stephen, 
 
 2. Thomas W. Veazey, 6. Edward Lloyd, 
 8. Edward Johnson, 7. Henry Williams, 
 4. Thomas Worrell, 8. Littleton Dennis, 
 
 9. Daniel Kentch. 
 
 VIRGINIA 
 Richard Henry Lee, Gu.stavus B. Horner. 
 
 Benjamin Harrison, 12. Dauiel Morgan, 
 
 Robert Nelson, 13. Charles Yancey, 
 
 Edward Pegram, 14. Archibald Rutherford, 
 
 Mann Page, 15. George Penn, 
 
 Richard Field, 16. Arcliibald Stuart, 
 
 Walter Jones, 17. W. G. Poindexter, 
 
 Thomas Read, 18. Andrew Russell, 
 
 John T. Brooke, 19. Spencer Roane, 
 
 Matthew Cheatham, 20. Charles Taylor, 
 
 Hugh Holmes, 21. Sthreshly Reynolds 
 
 William Armistead, 22. W. McKinley, 
 
 23. Robert Taylor. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 William H. Murfree. James Mebane. 
 
 1. Redar Ballard, 4. Francis Locke, 
 
 2. James Rainey, 5. Thomas D. King, 
 
 3. James Bright, 6. Montford Stokes, 
 
 7. James W. Clarke, 10. Jonathan Hampton, 
 
 8. Joseph Uniston, 11. Thomas Davis, 
 
 9. H. G. Burton, 12. Henry Massey, 
 
 13. Kemp Plummer. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 James Campbell, 
 
 1. John Johnson, 
 
 2. John MeCreary, 
 
 3. Andrew Pickens, 
 
 4. William Smith, 
 
 Reuben Starke. 
 
 5. William Caldwell, 
 
 6. William Alston, 
 
 7. Samuel Johnson, 
 
 8. Richard Singleton, 
 
 9. Samson Butler. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 Daniel Stewart, John Twiggs. 
 
 1. Henry Graybill, 4. Henry Mitchell, 
 
 2. Oliver Porter, 5. John Rutherford, 
 
 3. Charles Harris, 6. John Howard. 
 
 Robert Ewing, 
 
 1. William Casey, 
 
 2. Robert Mosby, 
 
 3. Samuel Muyrell, 
 
 4. Hubbard Taylor, 
 
 5. Samuel Caldwell, 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 10. 
 
 William Irvine. 
 Duval Payne, 
 Richard Taylor, 
 Walter Baylor, 
 William Logan, 
 T. D. Owiugs. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 E. R. Dulany, William Trigg. 
 
 1. Henry Bradford, 4. David McEwen, 
 
 2. Thomas Washington, 5. James McCampbell, 
 
 3. James Trimble, 6. Thomas Johnson. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 John Jones, James Prichard. 
 
 1. Matthias Corwin, 4. Thomas Ijams, 
 
 2. D. Abbott (not present), 5. James Dunlap, 
 
 3. David Pnrviance, 6. John Hamm. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Julien Poydras, Stephen A. Hopkins. 
 
 1. Philemon Thomas. 
 
 EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1817. 
 
 James Monroe was elected President, having re- 
 ceived the entire electoral vote of every State except 
 Massachusetts, Connecticut and Delaware, — in all 
 183 of the 217 votes cast ; the remaining 34 being 
 given for Rufus King. Daniel D. Tompkins was 
 elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes ; while 
 John E. Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5. John 
 Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. The Electors 
 were: 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 Thomas Manning, 
 
 1. Benjamin Butler, 
 
 2. Jacob Tuttle, 
 
 3. William Badger, 
 
 Richard H. Ayer. 
 
 4. Thomas C. Drew, 
 
 5. Amos Cogswell, 
 
 6. Dan Young. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 J. Robinson, James Roberts. 
 
 1. Apollos Austin, 4. John H. Cotton, 
 
 2. Asapli Fletcher, 5. William Brayton, 
 
 3. Robert Holly, 6. Isaiah Fisk. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Christopher Gore, 
 Prentiss Mellen, 
 Jonas Kendall, 
 Israel Thorndike, 
 E. H. Robbins, 
 Benj. Pickman, Jr., 
 John Low, 
 David A. White, 
 S. Longfellow, Jr., 
 Joseph Locke, 
 William Abbot, 
 
 Bazaleel Taft. 
 
 11. Thomas Dwight, 
 
 12. Timothy Boutelle, 
 
 13. Peter Bryant, 
 
 14. Luther Carey, 
 
 15. Daniel Howard. 
 
 16. William Phillips. 
 
 17. Wendell Davis, 
 
 18. Josiah Stebbins, 
 
 19. Seth Washburne, 
 
 20. Thomas H. Perkins. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 519 
 
 HHODE ISLAND. 
 James Feuner, Edward Wilcox. 
 
 1. Thomas Pitman, 2. Dutee Arnold 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Jonathan Ingersoll, William Perkins. 
 
 1. Nathaniel Terry, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 
 
 2. Elisha Sterling, 5. Jirah Isham, 
 
 3. Seth P. Staples, 6. Asa Wiley, 
 
 7. S. W. Johnson. 
 
 
 NEW 
 
 YORK. 
 
 
 Henry Rutgers, 
 
 
 Alexander McNisli 
 
 1. 
 
 Lemuel Chipman, 
 
 14. 
 
 NicoU Fosdick, 
 
 2. 
 
 Artenias Aldrich, 
 
 15. 
 
 J. D. Mnnell, 
 
 3. 
 
 John W. Seaman, 
 
 16. 
 
 E. Edmonds, 
 
 4. 
 
 Henry Becker, 
 
 17. 
 
 John Blake, Jr., 
 
 5. 
 
 Jacob Drake, 
 
 18. 
 
 George Petit, 
 
 6. 
 
 Aaron Searing, 
 
 19. 
 
 Jacob Wertz, 
 
 7. 
 
 James Farlie, 
 
 20. 
 
 Richard Townley, 
 
 8. 
 
 Israel W. Clark. 
 
 31. 
 
 Gabriel North, 
 
 9. 
 
 Augustus Wright, 
 
 33 
 
 Samuel Lawrence, 
 
 10. 
 
 Daniel Root. 
 
 23! 
 
 Charles E. Dudley, 
 
 11. 
 
 P. S. Van Orden, 
 
 24. 
 
 Nathaniel Rochester, 
 
 12. 
 
 Montgomery Hull, 
 
 2.5. 
 
 Benjamin Smith, 
 
 13. 
 
 J. W'. Van Wyck, 
 
 20. 
 
 W'orthy L. Churchel, 
 
 
 27. Samuel Lewis. " 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Lewis Moore, Charles Ogden. 
 
 1. Aaron Kitchell, 4. William Rossell, 
 
 2. Daniel Garrison, 5. John Crowell, 
 
 3. David Welsh, 6. Robert McNeeley. 
 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 
 Paul Cox, 
 
 
 M. Fackenthal. 
 
 1. 
 
 David Mitchell, 
 
 12. 
 
 Abiel Fellows. 
 
 2. 
 
 James Wilson, 
 
 13. 
 
 Matthew Roberts, 
 
 3. 
 
 John Gever, 
 
 14. 
 
 David Marchand, 
 
 4. 
 
 Gabriel Heister, 
 
 15. 
 
 John Mohler, 
 
 5. 
 
 Daniel Bussier, 
 
 16. 
 
 Thomas Patterson 
 
 6. 
 
 James Meloy, 
 
 17. 
 
 John Harrison, 
 
 7. 
 
 John Conrad, 
 
 18. 
 
 Joseph Huston, 
 
 8. 
 
 James Banks, 
 
 19. 
 
 Jacob Hostetter, 
 
 9. 
 
 William Brooke, 
 
 20, 
 
 Samuel Scott, 
 
 10. 
 
 Robert Clark, 
 
 21 
 
 John Rea, 
 
 11. 
 
 Isaac Anderson, 
 
 23. 
 
 James Alexander, 
 
 23. William GillUand. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Thomas Robinson, Andrew Barratt. 
 
 1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Ridgely. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 William D. Beall, 
 
 1. Joseph Kent. 
 
 2. William C. Miller, 
 
 3. Edward Johnson, 
 
 4. Benjamin Massy, 
 
 George Warner. 
 
 5. John Stephen, 
 
 6. Thomas Ennalls, 
 
 7. Joliu Buchanan, 
 
 8. Littleton Dennin, 
 
 9. Lawrence Brengle. 
 
 TIRGINIA. 
 
 George Newton, John T. Brooke. 
 
 Charles H. Graves, 12. Robert B. Starke, 
 
 Hugh Holmes, 13. Sthreshly Reynolds, 
 
 John Pegram, 14. William Archer, 
 Archibald Rutherford, 15. Robert Taylor, 
 
 John Purnall, 16. Benjamin Cook, 
 
 Archibald Stuart, 17. Isaac Foster, 
 
 Joseph C. Cabell, 18. Wm. Brokenbrough, 
 
 Andrew Russell, 19. Brazure W. Pryor, 
 
 Charles Yancey, 20. Daniel Morgan, 
 
 Charles Taylor, 21. William Jones, 
 
 Spencer Roane, 22. John Eddie, 
 23. Wmiam Lee Ball. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Robert Love, 
 1 Jesse Franklin, 
 3. John Hall, 
 
 3. Peter Forney, 
 
 4. Thomas Wynns, 
 
 5. Francis Locke, 
 
 6. Joseph Riddick, 
 
 Nathaniel Jones. 
 
 7. Abraham Phillips, 
 
 8. James Hoskius, 
 
 9. Alexander Gray, 
 
 10. Vine Allen, 
 
 11. Joseph Pukett, 
 
 12. Thomas D. King, 
 
 13. Thomas RufBn. 
 
 SOOTH C.i^ROLINA. 
 
 William Garrett, 
 
 1. Philemon Bradford, 
 
 2. Thomas Evans, 
 
 3. William McKeralls, 
 
 4. Thomas Lee, 
 
 James Duff. 
 
 5. Frederick Nance, 
 
 6. John L. Wilson, 
 
 7. John Thomas, 
 
 8. Joseph Reid, 
 
 9. Richard B. Screven. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 David Adams, Charles Harris. 
 
 1. John Mcintosh, 4. John Rutherford, 
 
 2. John Clark, 5. Henry Mitchell, 
 
 3. Jared Irwin, 6. David Meriwether. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Duvall Payne, 
 
 1. Hubbard Taylor, 
 
 2. William Logan, 
 
 3. Robert Trimble, 
 
 4. Alexander Adair, 
 
 5. Thomas Bodley, 
 
 Richard Taylor. 
 
 6. Samuel Caldwell, 
 
 7. W'ilHs A. Lee, 
 
 8. Samuel Murrell, 
 
 9. William Irvine, 
 10. Robert Ewing. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Alfred M. Carter, Robert Allen. 
 
 1. Joseph Hamilton, 4. Samuel Buchanan, 
 
 2. M. McClauohan, 5. Adam Huntsman, 
 
 3. David Campbell, 6. James Baxter. 
 
 OHIO. 
 John G. Young, Abraham Shepherd. 
 
 1. Aaron Wheeler, 4. Benjamin Haugh, 
 
 2. Othniel Looker, 5. William Skinner, 
 
 3. John Paterson, 6. James Curry. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 Jesse L. Hoi man, Thomas H. Blake. 
 
 1. Joseph Bartholomew. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Garrigues Flanjac, Squire Lea. 
 
 1. John R. Grimes. 
 
 NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1821. 
 
 James Monroe was re-elected President, receiving 
 the entire electoral vote of every State (228) except 
 New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for 
 John Quincy Adams. Daniel T. Tompkins was 
 elected Vice-President, receiving 215 votes ; while 
 Richard Stockton had 8 votes ; Daniel Rodney, 4 ; 
 Robert G. Harper, 1 ; and Richard Rush, 1. The 
 Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 William Plumer, John Pendexter. 
 
 1. David Barker, 
 
 2. Nathaniel Shannon, 
 
 3. William Fisk, 
 
 4. Ezra Bartlett, 
 
 5. Samuel Dinsmoor, 
 
 6. James Smith. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Jonas Galusha, _ Wiljiam Slade, Jr 
 
 1. Gilbert Denison. 
 
 2. Daniel A. A. Buck, 
 
 3. Pliny Smith, 
 
 4. Ezra Butler, 
 
 5. Aaron Leland, 
 
 6. Timothy Stanley. 
 
520 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 John Adams, 
 1. William Phillips, 
 3. Thomas H. Blood, 
 
 3. William Gray, 
 
 4. Jonas Sibley, 
 
 5. Daniel Webster, 
 
 6. Ezra Starkweather, 
 
 Seth Spragne. 
 
 7. B. W. Crowuinshield, 
 
 8. Wendell Davis, 
 
 9. John Heard, 
 
 10. John Davis, 
 
 11. Samuel Dana, 
 
 12. Joseph Woodbridge, 
 
 13. Ebenezer Mattoou. 
 
 RHODE ISLAUD 
 
 James Fenner, 
 1. Dutee J. Pearce, 
 
 Robert F. Noyes. 
 2. Dutee Arnold. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Henry Seymour, Isaiah Loomis. 
 
 1. Samuel Welles, 4. John Alsop, 
 
 2. William Cogswell, 5. Ebenezer Brockway, 
 
 3. William Mosely, 6. S. W. Crawford, 
 
 7. Samuel H. Phillips. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 William Floyd, 
 Henry Rutgers, 
 John Walworth, 
 Abel Huntington, 
 Daniel McDougall, 
 Edward Severich, 
 Seth Wetmore, 
 Isaac Lawrence, 
 Latham A. Burrows, 
 John Targee, 
 Ferrand Stranahan, 
 Jacob Odell, 
 Henry Wager, 
 Peter Waring, 
 
 27. Howell Gardner. 
 
 John Baker. 
 Elisha Harnhara, 
 Edward P. Livingston 
 Jonathan Collins, 
 Peter Millikin, 
 Samuel Nelson, 
 David Hammond, 
 William B. Rochester, 
 Mark Spencer, 
 Charles Thompson, 
 Benjamin Knower, 
 Philetas Swift, 
 Gilbert Eddy, 
 James Brisban, 
 
 David Mills, 
 
 1. John Wilson, 
 
 2. Joseph Budd, 
 
 3. John Crowell, 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Samuel L. Southard. 
 
 4. Isaiah Shinn, 
 
 5. Aaron Vansyckel, 
 
 6. John L. Smith. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thomas Leiper, 
 
 1. Paul Cos, 
 
 2. William Clingan, 
 
 3. Daniel Groves, 
 
 4. George Garnitz, 
 
 5. Chandler Price, 
 
 6. James Griffin, 
 
 7. Pierce Crosby, 
 
 8. John Miley, 
 
 9. Andrew Gilkerson, 
 
 10. George Plumer, 
 
 11. John Hamilton, 
 
 James P. Sanderson. 
 
 12. George Hebb, 
 
 13. James Kerr, 
 
 14. Andrew Sutton, 
 1.5. William Mitchell, 
 
 16. Joseph Huston, 
 
 17. D. W. Dingman, 
 
 18. Hugh Davis, 
 
 19. Gabriel Heister, 
 
 20. Patrick Farelly, 
 
 21. John Todd, ; 
 
 22. Melchis Rahm 
 
 23. Philip Benner. 
 
 (de- 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 Peter Robinson, Nicholas Ridgely. 
 
 3. Andrew Barratt. 
 
 1. John Clark, 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 James Forrest, 
 
 1. Robert W. Bowie, 
 
 2. John Forward, 
 
 3. John Stephen, 
 
 4. William R. Stuart, 
 
 9. Michael C. Sprigg. 
 
 Elias Brown, 
 
 5. A. McKim, 
 
 6. John Boon, 
 
 7. William Gabby, 
 
 8. Jo.shua Prideaux, 
 
 William C. Holt, 
 
 1. Charles H. Graves, 
 
 2. Robert Shields; 
 
 3. John Pegram, 
 
 4. William Jones, 
 
 Thomas Brown. 
 
 5. R. B. Stark, 
 
 6. John Taliaferro, 
 
 7. John Purnall, 
 
 8. John T. Brook, 
 
 9. B. T. Arthur, 
 
 10. Hugh Holmes, 
 
 11. William C. Rives, 
 13. W. Armstrong, Jr., 
 13. Charles Yancey, 
 
 16. Archibald Stuart, 
 
 17. W. Brockenbrough, 
 
 18. Andrew Russell, 
 
 19. Armistead Hnomes, 
 
 20. Samuel Blackburn, 
 
 14. Archibald Rutherford, 31. James Hunter, 
 
 15. Joseph Martin, 23. John Edie, 
 
 23. Robert Taylor. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 
 Robert Love, 
 
 
 Kinborough Jones 
 
 1. 
 
 Jesse Franklin, 
 
 7. 
 
 Abraham Philips, 
 
 2. 
 
 John Hall, 
 
 8. 
 
 Lewis D. Wilson, 
 
 3. 
 
 Michael McLeary, 
 
 9. 
 
 Alexander Gray, 
 
 4. 
 
 George Outlaw, 
 
 10. 
 
 H. J. G. Ruffin, 
 
 5. 
 
 Francis Locke, 
 
 11. 
 
 B. H. Covington, _ 
 
 6. 
 
 C. E. Johnson, 
 
 13, 
 
 Thomas Kenan, 
 
 13. James Mebane. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Benjamin James, 
 1. L. M. Aver, 
 3. Isaac Smith, 
 
 3. John S. Glascock, 
 
 4. John Dunovant, 
 
 Benjamin Ryualds. 
 
 5. Matthew J. Kirth, 
 
 6. Rasha Cannon, 
 
 7. Benjamin Dickson, 
 
 8. William A. Ball, 
 
 9. Charles Miller. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 Oliver Porter, John Graves. 
 
 1. Henry Mitchell, 4. John Forster, 
 
 3. John Rutherford, 5. David Meriwether, 
 
 3. John M'Intosh, 6. Benjamin Whitaker. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Samuel Murrell, 
 1. E. M. Ewing, 
 3. Willis A. Lee, 
 
 3. S. Caldwell. 
 
 4. James Johnson, 
 
 5. John E. King, 
 
 Martin D. Hardin. 
 
 6. Jesse Bledsoe, 
 
 7. John Pope, 
 
 8. Thomas Bodley, 
 
 9. Richard Tavlor, 
 10. Hubbard Taylor. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 A. M. Carter, John Dickson 
 
 1. J. Hamilton, gr., 3. David Campbell, 
 
 2. German Lester, 4. Henry Small, 
 
 5. John White. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 William Shannon, John S. Brickey. 
 
 1. William Christy. 
 
 MAINE. 
 William Moody, Lemuel Trescott. 
 
 1. Joshua Wingate, Jr., 4. Josiah Prescott, 
 
 2. Joshua Gage, 5. William Chadwick, 
 
 3. Elisha Allen, 6. Levi Hubbard, 
 
 7. Samuel Tucker. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Jeremiah Morrow, James Caldwell. 
 
 1. William H. Harrison, 4. John McLaughlin, 
 
 2. James Kilbourne, 5. Robert Lucas, 
 
 3. Alexander Campbell, 6. Lewis Dille. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Nathaniel Ewing, Joliu H, Thompson. 
 
 1. Daniel J. Caswell. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 James B. Moore, A. F. Hubbard. 
 
 1. Michael Jones. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 John Scott, George Phillips. 
 
 1. Henry Minor. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Duncan Stewart, Daniel Burnet. 
 
 1. Theodore Stark. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 531 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Philemon Thomas, John R. Grimes. 
 
 1. Daniel L. Todd. 
 
 TEXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 182.5. 
 
 John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. 
 Crawford, and Henry ('lay were candidates, and the 
 Electoral College not giving either of them the requi- 
 site majority (132 votes), the choice again devolved 
 upon the House of Representatives, when Mr. 
 Ad.^ms was elected. Andrew Jackson received the 
 entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
 Nortli Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana, 
 Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New 
 York, 7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes 
 of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. John 
 Quincy Adams received tlie entire vote of Maine, 
 New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 
 Island, and Connecticut, and 36 of the 36 votes of 
 New York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11 
 votes of Maryland, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 
 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H. Crawford 
 received the entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia, 
 and 5 of the 86 votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of 
 Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Maryland. Henry 
 Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and 
 Missouri, and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. John 
 C. Calhodn was elected Vice-President, receiving 
 182 votes ; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Na- 
 thaniel Macon 34, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin Van 
 Buren 9, and Henry Clay 3. The Electors were : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIBE. 
 Josiah Bartlett, Abel Parker. 
 
 1. William Badger, 4. Moses White, 
 
 2. Caleb Keith, 5. William Fisk, 
 8. Samuel Quarles, 6. Hall Burgin. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 William Gray, 
 
 1. Levi Lincoln, 
 
 2. Enos Foot, 
 
 3. T. L. Winthrop, 
 
 4. William Walker, 
 
 5. N. Silsbee, 
 
 6. John Endicot, 
 
 Oliver Smith. 
 
 7. Joseph Kittredge, 
 
 8. Thomas Weston, 
 
 9. Augustus Tower, 
 
 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 
 
 11. Jonathan Davis, 
 
 12. Hezekiah Barnard, 
 
 13. Edmund Cushiug. 
 
 KHODE ISLAND. 
 Caleb Earl, Elisha Watson. 
 
 1. Stephen B. Cornell, 3. Charles Eldridge. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Calvin Willey, David Keys. 
 
 1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Lemuel Wlute, 
 
 2. John Swathel, 5. David Hill, 
 
 3. Rufus Hitchcock, 6. Moses Warren. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 Jonas Galusha, John Mason. 
 
 1. Titus Hutchinson, 3. Joseph Burr, 
 
 2. Dan Carpenter, 4. Asa Aldis, 
 
 5. Jabez Proctor. 
 
 NEW 
 Nathan Thompson, 
 1. Darius Bentley, 
 
 3. Thomas Lawyer, 
 8. Micah Brooks, 
 
 4. E. B. Crandale, 
 
 5. Pierre A. Barker, 
 
 6. Samuel Hicks, 
 
 7. Joseph Sibley, 
 
 8. Edward Savage, 
 
 9. Timothy H. Porter, 
 
 10. Benjamin Mooers, 
 
 11. Samuel Russell, 
 
 YORK. 
 
 Wm. Townsend. 
 13. Chester Patterson, 
 
 13. Marinus Willett, 
 
 14. Phineas Coon, 
 1.5. Ebenezer Sage, 
 
 16. Azariah Smith, 
 
 17. Richard Blauvelt, 
 
 18. Eleazer Burnham, 
 
 19. Abraham Stagg. 
 
 20. Solomon St. John, 
 31. John Drake, 
 
 22. Elisha B. Strong, 
 
 33. James Drake, 
 
 34. Clark Crnndall, 
 25. Isaac Sutherland, 
 
 36. 1. Sutherland, 
 
 37. William Walsh, 
 
 38. S. Lansing, Jr., 
 
 29. Alexander J. Coffin, 
 
 30. Benjamin Bailey, 
 
 31. Benjamin Smith, 
 
 32. Samuel Smith, 
 
 33. Elisha Dorr, 
 
 34. Heman Cady. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Peter Wilson, John Buck. 
 
 1. Daniel Vliet, 4. James Parker, 
 
 2. James Cook, 5. Joseph Kille, 
 
 3. Jacob Cline, 0. J. W. Scott. 
 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 
 Thomas Leiper, 
 
 
 William Beatty. 
 
 1. 
 
 Cromwell Pearce, 
 
 14. 
 
 William Thomson 
 
 2. 
 
 Valentine Giesey, 
 
 15. 
 
 Adam Ritscher, 
 
 3. 
 
 Philip Peltz, 
 
 16. 
 
 Asa Mann, 
 
 4. 
 
 John Reed, 
 
 17. 
 
 Charles Kenny, 
 
 5. 
 
 A. McCaraher, 
 
 18. 
 
 John Fogel, 
 
 6. 
 
 James Duncan, 
 
 19. 
 
 Adam King, 
 
 7. 
 
 Daniel Sheffer, 
 
 20. 
 
 Philip Benner, 
 
 8. 
 
 John Boyd, 
 
 21. 
 
 John Rush, 
 
 9. 
 
 Daniel Kaul, 
 
 22. 
 
 Henry Scheetz, 
 
 10. 
 
 Abraham Addams, 
 
 23. 
 
 Peter Adams, 
 
 11. 
 
 Joseph Engle, 
 
 34. 
 
 Adam Light, 
 
 12. 
 
 Isaac Smith, 
 
 35. 
 
 James Aukrim, 
 
 13. 
 
 John Pugh, 
 
 36. 
 
 James Murray. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Isaac Tunnell, John Caldwell. 
 
 1. Joseph G. Rowland. 
 
 M-ARTLAND. 
 
 Henry Brawner, 
 
 1. John C. Herbert, 
 
 2. Thomas Hope, 
 
 3. George Winchester, 
 
 4. Samuel G. Osborii, 
 
 William Brown. 
 
 5. Dennis Claude, 
 
 6. James Sangston, 
 
 7. William Tyler, 
 
 8. Littleton Dennis, 
 
 
 9. Thomas Post. 
 
 
 •VIRGINIA. 
 
 
 William C. Holt, 
 
 Robert Shield. 
 
 1. 
 
 Cliarles H. Graves, 
 
 13. Archibald Rutherford 
 
 3. 
 
 Ellison Currie, 
 
 13. Joseph Martin, 
 
 8. 
 
 John Cargill, 
 
 14. John Bowyer, 
 
 4. 
 
 Robert Tavlor, 
 
 15. Thomas M. Randolph, 
 
 5. 
 
 W. H. Brodnax, 
 
 16. James Hoge, 
 
 6. 
 
 Isaac Foster, 
 
 17. W. Brockenbrough, 
 
 7. 
 
 Joseph Wyatt, 
 
 18. Andrew Russell, 
 
 8. 
 
 Daniel Morgan, 
 
 19. John T. Somax, 
 
 9. 
 
 James Jones, 
 
 30. Joseph H. Samuels, 
 
 10. 
 
 William Armstrong, 
 
 21. William Jones, 
 
 11. 
 
 Charles Yancey, 
 
 22. VVilliam Marteny. 
 
 
 NORTH 
 
 CAROLINA. 
 
 
 Montfort Stokes, 
 
 William Martin 
 
 1. 
 
 Robert Love, 
 
 7. James Mebane, 
 
 2. 
 
 William A. Blount, 
 
 8. A. H. Shepperd, 
 
 3. 
 
 Peter Forney, 
 
 9. John Giles, 
 
 4. 
 
 William B. Lockhart 
 
 10. Walter J. Leake, 
 
 5. 
 
 Vine Allen, 
 
 11. William Drew, 
 
 6. 
 
 Edward B. Dudley, 
 
 12. Jolm M. Morehead, 
 
 13. Josiah Crudup. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Robert Clendinen, 
 
 1. John K. GrifEen, 
 
 2. William Garrett, 
 
 3. Angus Patterson, 
 
 4. Eldrid Simkins, 
 
 Evan Benbow. 
 
 5. Joseph W. Alston, 
 
 6. William C. Pinckney, 
 
 7. M. J. Keith, 
 
 8. Thomas Benson, 
 
 9. William Laval. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Ellas Beall, William Matthews. 
 
 1. Thomas Cumming, 4. John Rutherford, 
 
 2. John Mcintosh, 5. John Harden, 
 
 3. John Floyd, 6. William Terrell, 
 
 7. Warren Jordan. 
 
523 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 KENTDCKr. 
 
 J. R. Underwood, 
 
 1. John E. King, 
 
 2. Joseph Allen, 
 
 3. Alney McLean, 
 
 4. W. Moore, 
 
 5. Young Ewing, 
 
 6. Thomas Bodley, 
 
 Richard Taylor. 
 
 7. Benjamin Lecher, 
 
 8. D. Payne, 
 
 9. James Smiley, 
 
 10. J. J. Crittenden, 
 
 11. Joshua Fry, 
 13. H. Taylor. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 John Rhea, William A. Rublett. 
 
 1. T. A. Howard, 5. B. C. Stout, 
 
 2. Joseph Brown, 6. William Blount, 
 
 3. W. E. Anderson, 7. William Mitchell, 
 
 4. Joel Piuson, 8. Robert H. Dyer, 
 
 9. Samuel Hogg. 
 
 W. H. Harrison, 
 
 1. W. McFarland, 
 
 2. David Sloane, 
 
 3. Thomas Kirker, 
 
 4. Samuel Coulter, 
 
 5. James Heaton, 
 
 6. S. Kingsbury, 
 
 7. Henry Brown, 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 James Caldwell. 
 
 8. Ebenezer Merry, 
 
 9. E. Buckingham, 
 
 10. James Cooley, 
 
 11. William Kendall, 
 
 12. James Steele, 
 
 18. William Skinner, 
 14. John Bigger. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 William Mott, John B. Planche. 
 
 1. James H. Shepherd, 2. S. Heiriart, 
 3. Pierre Lacoste. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 David Todd, James Logan. 
 
 1. David Musick. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Elias McNamee, John Carr. 
 
 1. David Robb, 3. Jonathan McCarty, 
 
 3. Samuel Milroy. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Thomas Hinds, Bartlett C. Barry. 
 
 1. James Pattou. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 William Harrison, Alexander P. Field. 
 
 1. Henry Eddy. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Reuben Safford, James Hill. 
 
 1. Henry Chambers, 2. John Murphy, 
 
 3. William Fleming. 
 
 MAINE. 
 James Campbell, Lemuel Trescntt. 
 
 1. Thomas Fillebrown, 4. Benjamin Chandler, 
 
 2. James Parker, 5. Rev. Joshua Taylor, 
 
 3. Nathaniel Hobbs, 6. Beujamiu Nourse, 
 
 7. Stephen Parsons. 
 
 The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy 
 Adams, and William H. Crawford, the three highest 
 on the list of those voted for by the Electoral College 
 for President, devolved on the House of Represe.ata* 
 tives. Twenty-four members, one from each State, 
 were appointed Tellers, and they announced as the 
 result of the first ballot: For John Quincy Adams: 
 Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusett.s, Rhode Is- 
 land, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Maryland, 
 Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana—^ 
 thirteen States. For Andrew Jackson : New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama! 
 Mississippi, and Indiana— seven States. For Williara 
 H. Crawford: Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, 
 and Georgia — four States. The Speaker then de- 
 clared that John Quincy Adams, having received a 
 majority of the votes 'of all the States, was duly 
 elected President. 
 
 ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1829. 
 
 Andrew Jackson was elected President, receiving 
 the entire electoral vote of Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, 
 Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi. Indiana, Il- 
 linois, Alabama, and Missouri, 1 of the 9 votes of 
 Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the 
 11 votes of Maryland — 178 in all ; John Quincy Ad- 
 ams receiving the other 83 electoral votes. John C. 
 Caliioun was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 171 
 votes ; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and Wil- 
 liam Smith 7. The Electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 Thomas Fillebrown, John S. Kimball. 
 
 1. Simeon Nowell, 4. Levi Hubbard, 
 
 2. Joseph Southwick, ,5. James C. Churchill, 
 
 3. Joseph Prime, 6. John Moore, 
 
 7. Ebenezer Farley. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 Jonas Galusha, Asa Aldis. 
 
 1. Ezra Butler, 3. John Phelps, 
 
 2. Josiah Dana, 4. William Jarvis, 
 
 5. Apollos Austin. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 George Sullivan, William Bixby. 
 
 1. Samuel Sqnarles, 4. Ezra Bartlett, 
 
 2. Thomas Woolson, 5. Samuel Sparhawk, 
 
 3. Naham Parker, 6. William Lovejoy. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Thos. L. Winthrop, Edmund Cushing. 
 
 1. Samuel Lathrop, 
 
 2. Eliel Frost, 
 
 3. Jesse Putnam, 
 
 4. Jolin Gilbert, 
 
 5. Stephen White, 
 
 6. Samuel Jones, 
 
 7. Bailv Bartlett, 
 
 8. E. H. Bobbins. 
 
 9. Nathan Chandler, 
 
 10. Oliver Starkweather, 
 
 11. Jonathan Davis, 
 
 12. Bradford Dimmick, 
 
 13. Seth Sprague. 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Caleb Earle, Elisha Watson. 
 
 1. Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Eldridge. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Sylvester Norton, Roger Taiutor. 
 
 1. Rufus Hitchcock, 4. George Pratt, 
 
 2. Homer Boardman, 5. C'harles Hawley, 
 
 3. Moses Warren, 6. W. R. Kibbee. 
 
 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 
 Moses Rolph, 
 
 
 Asaph Stow. 
 
 1. 
 
 John Garrison, 
 
 18. 
 
 Peter H. Myers, 
 
 2. 
 
 A. D. W. Bruyn, 
 
 19. 
 
 J. C. Yates, 
 
 3. 
 
 Benjamin Bailey 
 
 20. 
 
 James Campbell, 
 
 4. 
 
 John Lloyd, 
 
 21. 
 
 Elkanah Brush, 
 
 5. 
 
 John Targee, 
 
 22. 
 
 Jesse Smith, 
 
 6. 
 
 Alexander Coffin, 
 
 23. 
 
 Rufus Crane, 
 
 7. 
 
 Gilbert Coutaut, 
 
 24. 
 
 Augustus Chapman 
 
 8. 
 
 Gilbert Eddy, 
 
 25. 
 
 Thomas Blakeslee, 
 
 .9. 
 
 Jacob Odell, 
 
 2G. 
 
 Benjamin Cotton, 
 
 10. 
 
 A. Van Vechten, 
 
 27. 
 
 Freeborn G. Jewett 
 
 11. 
 
 Morgan Lewis, 
 
 28. 
 
 John Beall. 
 
 12. 
 
 E. B. Shearman, 
 
 29. 
 
 William Hildreth, 
 
 13. 
 
 Egbert Jansen, 
 
 30. 
 
 John Taylor, 
 
 14. 
 
 A. Mclntyre, 
 
 31. 
 
 James H. Guernsey, 
 
 15. 
 
 John E. Russell, 
 
 32. 
 
 Charles Dayan, 
 
 IG. 
 
 Salmon Childs, 
 
 33. 
 
 Sliubal Dunham, 
 
 17. 
 
 Peter Pine, 
 
 34. 
 
 Ebenezer Walden. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Theodore Frelinghuysen, J. J. Ely. 
 
 1. A. Leaming, '4. T.Elmer, 
 
 2. Abraham Brown, 5. Gabriel Hoff, 
 
 3. A. White, 6. C. Zabrisbie. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 523 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 John B. Gibson, William Thompson. 
 
 14. William Piper, 
 
 15. Henry Scheetz, 
 
 16. Valentine Gie.^ey, 
 
 17. Adam Kitscher, 
 
 18. James Gordon, 
 
 19. David Hotteusteiu, 
 
 20. John M. Snowden, 
 
 21. Peter Frailey. 
 
 22. Robert Scott, 
 
 23. Francis Baird 
 
 William Findlay, 
 Leonard Rupert, 
 Edward King, 
 Jacob Gearhart, 
 John Lisle, 
 (leorge Barnitz, 
 Jacob Holgate, 
 Jacob Heyser, 
 Samuel Humes, Sr., 
 John Harper, 
 
 John W. Cunningham,24. Henry Allshouse, 
 a. John Scott, 25. Henry Winters, 
 
 3. George G. Leiper, 26. James Duncan. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 James Canby, David Hazard. 
 
 1. John Adams. 
 
 MAUTLAND. 
 
 Wm. Fitzhugh, Jr. 
 1. William Tyler, 
 3. James Sewell, 
 
 3. John S. Sellman. 
 
 4. Thomas Emory, 
 
 9. Henry Brawuer. 
 
 Benj. F. Forrest. 
 
 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 
 
 6. T. R. Lockerman, 
 
 7. Elias Brown, 
 Littleton Dennis, 
 
 William C. Holt, 
 Wm. H. McFarland, 
 Ellyson Currie, 
 John Cargill, 
 John W. Green, 
 Thomas M. Nelson, 
 John Gibson, 
 Richard Logan, 
 George Rust, 
 James Jones, 
 Jared Williams, 
 William Daniel, 
 
 Robert McCandish. 
 12. Jacob D. Williamson. 
 ly. Joseph Martin, 
 
 14. John Bowver, 
 
 15. William F". Gordon, 
 
 16. John E. George, 
 
 17. Wm. Brockenbrough, 
 
 18. Andrew Russell, 
 
 19. Garret Minor, 
 
 20. Joel Shrewsbury, 
 
 21. William Jones, 
 
 22. John McMillan. 
 
 NOnTH CAEOLINA. 
 
 Robert Love, 
 
 1. Mont fort Stokes, 
 
 2. John Hall, 
 
 3. Peter Forney, 
 
 4. Joseph J. VVilliams, 
 
 5. John Giles, 
 
 6. Kedar Ballard, 
 
 Josiah Crudup. 
 
 7. Abraham Phillips, 
 
 8. Louis D. Wilson, 
 
 9. John M. Morehead, 
 
 10. R. D. Spaight, 
 
 11. Walter F. Leake, 
 
 12. E. B. Dudley, 
 
 13. Willie P. Mangum. 
 
 SODTH CAROLINA. 
 Sanders Glover, William Pope. 
 
 1. David R. Evans 
 
 2. John McC'omb 
 
 3. John Stewart, 
 
 4. Arthur P. Hayne 
 
 5. David Sloan, 
 
 6. Green B. Colmi, 
 
 7. William Johnston, 
 
 8. Henry L. Pinckney, 
 
 9. Wade Hampton, Jr. 
 
 GEOUGIA. 
 John Rutherford, William Terrell. 
 
 1. Robert R. Reed, 4. Augustus S. Clayton, 
 
 2. John Moore,* 5. Solomon Graves, 
 
 3. David Blackshear, 6. John G. Maxwell, 
 
 7. Oliver Porter. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 Thomas Miller, John A.Elmore. 
 
 1. Enoch Parsons, 2. Thomas D. Crabb, 
 
 3. William Y. Higgins. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 Joseph Dunbar, William Downing. 
 
 1. Wiley P. Harris. 
 
 * John Moore declining to serve, Seaton Grautland was elected 
 7 the Legislature. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 John B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 
 
 1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. Placide Bo.ssier, 
 
 3. Trasimon Landry. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 John Rhea, William A. Sublett. 
 
 1. Samuel Bunch, 5. Benjamin C. Stout, 
 
 2. Alfred Floiirnoy, 6. Willie Blount, 
 
 3. Thomas McCorry, 7. Andrew J. Marchbanks, 
 
 4. Joseph Blown, 8. Adam R. Alexander, 
 
 9. George Elliott. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 Tho3. S. Slaughter, Reuben Munday. 
 
 7. Tunstall Quarles, 
 
 8. Benjamin Taylor, 
 
 9. Robert J. Ward, 
 
 10. Richard French, 
 
 11. Tandy Allen, 
 
 12. Thompson Ward. 
 
 1. Matthew Lyon 
 
 2. Benjamin Chapeze, 
 
 3. Edmund Watkins, 
 
 4. John Younger, 
 
 5. Nathan Gaither, 
 
 6. John Sterrit, 
 
 OHIO. 
 Ethan Allen Brown, 
 
 1. George McCook, 8. 
 
 2. John McElvain, 9. 
 
 3. William Piatt. 10. 
 
 4. Samuel Herrick, 11. 
 
 5. James Shields, 12. 
 
 6. George Sharp, 13. 
 
 7. Henry Barrington, 14. 
 
 Robert Lucas. 
 Walter M. Blake, 
 Thomas Gillespie, 
 Benjamin Jones, 
 Thomas L. Hamer, 
 William Hayne, 
 Valentine Keffer, 
 Hugh McFall. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Benjamin V. Beckes, RatlifF Boon. 
 
 1. Jesse B. Durham, 2. William I^owe, 
 
 3. Ross Smiley. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 John Taylor, Richard M. Young. 
 
 1. Alexander M. Houston. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 John Bull, Augustus Jones. 
 
 1. Benjamin O'Fallon. 
 
 TWELFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1833. 
 
 Andrew Jackson was re-elected President, receiv- 
 ingthe entire electoral vote of Maine. New Hampshire, 
 New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
 North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, 
 Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Missouri, 
 with three of the eight votes of Maryland — 219. 
 Henry Clay, of Kentucky, received the entire vote of 
 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, 
 aud Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of Mary- 
 land — 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of 
 South Carolina — 11 ; and William Wert the entire 
 vote of Vermont — 7. Martin Van Buren was elect- 
 ed Vice-President, receiving 189 votes; while John 
 Sergeant had 49 votes, William Wilkins had 30, 
 Henry Lee had 11, and Amos Elmaker had 7. The 
 Electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Nathan Cutler, Samuel Moore. 
 
 1. Isaac Lane, 5. Joseph Sewall, 
 
 2. Silas Barnard, 6. Joseph Kelsey, 
 
 8. J. C. Churchill, 7. Rowland H. Bridgham, 
 
 4. Elias Burgess, 8. E. Fletcher. 
 
 new HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Benjamin Peirce, John Holbrook. 
 
 1. Phineas Parkhorst, 3. Samuel Collins, 
 
 2. Joseph Weeks, 4. Moses White, 
 
 5. John Taylor. 
 
524 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 James Tarbox, Amos Thompson. 
 
 1. Nathan Leavenworth, 3. Ezra Butler, 
 
 2. John S. Pettibone, 4. Augustus Clarke, 
 
 5. William Strong. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Charles Jackson, 
 
 1. Thomas H. Perkins, 
 
 2. James Byers, 
 
 3. Gideon Barstow, 
 
 4. Henry Shaw, 
 
 5. Ebenezer Moseley, 
 
 6. James Richardson, 
 
 E. Mattoon. 
 
 7. Nathan Brooks, 
 
 8. Jotliam Lincoln, 
 
 9. Aaron Tufts, 
 
 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 
 
 11. Samuel Lee, 
 
 13. Nymphas Marston. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 Samuel Ward King, Nathl. S. Rug 
 
 - "" 3. Peleg Wilbur. 
 
 1. William Peckham, 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Morris Woodruff, John D. Reynolds. 
 
 1. John Baldwin, 4. Oliver H. King, 
 
 2. Chester Smith, 5. Erastus Sturges, 
 
 3. Eli Todd, 6. E. Jackson, Jr. 
 
 NEW 
 
 E. P. Livingston, 
 Nathaniel Garron, 
 Theophilus S. Morgan 
 Moses Ralph, 
 David Moulton, 
 Henry Waring. 
 Ebenezer Wood, 
 Gideon Lee, 
 Peter Collier, 
 John Targee, 
 •Tohn Hyde, 
 Preserved Fish, 
 Thomas Humphrey, 
 J. W. Hardenbrook, 
 Joseph Reynolds, 
 Abraham Miller, 
 Darius Bentley, 
 William Taber, 
 Samuel Payne, 
 Samuel Hunter, 
 Q. Curtis, 
 
 YORK. 
 
 Amos Buck. 
 21. Peter Crispell, Jr., 
 ,33. Seth Thomas, 
 33. William Deitz, 
 24. Jonas Seely, 
 2.5. Samuel Anable, 
 
 26. Oliver Phelps, 
 
 27. James Woods, 
 
 28. Truman Spencer, 
 
 29. John N. Quackenbush, 
 
 30. Abel Baldwin, 
 
 31. Daniel D. Campbell, 
 33. James Sutherland, 
 
 33. John Gale, 
 
 34. Calvin T. Chamberlain, 
 3.5. Dudley Farlin, 
 
 3(i. Orris Crosby, 
 
 37. James B. Spencer, 
 
 38. M. A. Andrews, 
 
 39. John S. Veeder 
 
 40. Asa Clark, Jr. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 Daniel Vliet, Aaron Vansyckel. 
 
 1. Peter J. Terhune, 4. James Newell, 
 
 2. John M. Perrine, 5. William Munroe, 
 
 3. Joseph Rogers, 6. William L. Stiles. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Samuel McKean, 
 
 C. Garber, 
 William Swilland, 
 John T. Knight, 
 W. Brindle, 
 William Thomson, 
 Adam Light, 
 Edward King, 
 George Barnitz, 
 
 B. W. Richards, 
 
 D. Sheffer, 
 George W. Smick, 
 Frederick Orwan, 
 John Slaymaker, 
 George McCullock, 
 
 David D. Wagener. 
 Oliver Alison, 
 John Murray, 
 George G. Leiper, 
 David Gilraan, 
 Henry Scheetz, 
 David Frazier, 
 Adam Ritscher, 
 P. Mulvany, 
 William Addams, 
 J. Patten, 
 John Schall, 
 J. Y. Bauley, 
 J. Rooker, 
 Wilson Smith. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 George Truitt, C. P. 
 
 1. H. F. Hall. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 R. H. Goldsborough, William Price. 
 
 1. J. S. Smith, 4. Albert Constable, 
 
 5. U. S. Heath, 
 
 6. John L. Steele. 
 
 3. William B, Tyler, 
 3. William Fricli, 
 
 George Loyall, 
 John Cargill, 
 John Gibson, 
 James Junes, 
 J. Horner. 
 Thomas M. Nelson 
 H. L. Opie, 
 Archibald Austin, 
 James M. Mason, 
 Richard Logan, 
 John McMillan, 
 
 31. A. 
 
 IRCilNIA. 
 
 Samuel Blackwell. 
 11. Joseph Martin, 
 13. J. D. Williamson, 
 
 13. William Jones, 
 
 14. Charles Beale, 
 , 15. W. H.Roane, 
 
 16. Thomas Bland, 
 IT. Samuel Carr, 
 
 18. A. Russell, 
 
 19. L. T. Dade, 
 
 30. Philip N. Nicholas, 
 R. Harwood. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 A. W. Venable, 
 
 1. Robert Love, 
 
 2. I. I. Daniel, 
 
 3. George L. Davidson, 
 
 4. W. b; Lockhart, 
 
 5. Peregrine Roberts, 
 
 6. F. Ward. 
 
 J. 0. Watson. 
 
 7. Thomas G. Polk, 
 
 8. R. D. Spaight, 
 
 9. Thomas Settle, 
 
 10. Owen Holmes, 
 
 11. J. M. Morehead, 
 
 12. Henry Skinner, 
 
 13. Walter F. Leak. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Robert J. Turiibull, 
 
 1. W. Thompson, Jr., 
 
 2. Samuel Cherry, 
 
 3. William Dubose, 
 
 4. Thomas Lyles, 
 
 9. Thomas Evans. 
 
 Elijah Watson. 
 
 5. W. B. Seabrook, 
 
 6. Thomas Dugan, 
 
 7. Benjamin Dart, 
 
 8. Joseph S. Shelton, 
 
 Beverly Allen, 
 
 1. Elias Beall, 
 
 2. Henry Jackson, 
 
 3. David Blackshear, 
 
 4. William Terrell, 
 
 9. Seaton Grantland. 
 
 Henrv Holt. 
 W. B. Bullock, 
 John Whitehead, 
 John Floyd, 
 Wilson Williams, 
 
 M. Aiken, 
 
 1. William Snodgrass, 
 
 2. J. G. Bostick, 
 
 3. Jesse Wallace, 
 
 4. Elliott Hickman, 
 
 5. W. B. A. Ramsey, 
 
 6. William Pillow, 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Daniel Bowman. 
 
 7. Joseph McMilloD, 
 
 8. Willie Blount, 
 
 9. William Stroud, Sr., 
 
 10. David Fentress, 
 
 11. John Heam, 
 13. B. Coleman, 
 
 13. George Elliott 
 
 Joseph Eve. 
 
 1. Benjamin Hardin, 
 
 2. W. K. Wall, 
 
 3. M. P. Marshall, 
 
 4. J. L. Hickman, 
 
 5. M. V. Thompson, 
 
 6. William Ouslev, 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Alney McLeon. 
 
 7. Burr Harri.son, 
 
 8. Thomas Chilton, 
 
 9. John I. Marshall, 
 
 10. D. S. Patton, 
 
 11. E. M. Ewing, 
 13. M. Beatty, 
 
 13. Thompson M. Ewing. 
 
 OHIO. 
 Benjamin Tappan, 
 
 1. John M. Goodenow, 10. 
 
 2. Valentine KeSer, 11. 
 
 3. I. D. Morris. 12. 
 
 4. Isaac Humiihrevs, 13. 
 
 5. Mark T. Wills," 14. 
 
 6. Alexander Elliott, 1.5. 
 
 7. R. D, Formau, 16. 
 
 8. John Chanev, 17. 
 
 9. Alexander McConnell. 18. 
 
 19. Jonathan 
 
 Joseph J. McDowell 
 George Sharpe, 
 Michael Moore, 
 Fisher A. Blocksom, 
 John Lavwcll, 
 William S. Tracy, 
 George Marshall, 
 Jeremiah McLane, 
 Eli Baldwin. 
 H. J. Harman, 
 Cilley, 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 535 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 J. B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 
 
 1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. W. H. Overton, 
 
 3. T. Landry. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 Georfre Boon, M. Crune. 
 
 1. W. Armstrong. 4. John Ketclium, 
 
 2. Alexander J. Burnett, 5. Ajthur Patterson, 
 
 3. James Blake, 6. Thomas Giving, 
 
 7. N. B. Palmer. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 William Dowsing, Samuel Hunter. 
 
 1. Wiley P. Harris, 2. W. W. Cherry. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 James Evans, Adams Dunlap. 
 
 1. John C. Alexander, 2. Thomas Ray, 
 3. Abner Flack. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 Henrv Kina:, William Edmondson. 
 
 1. John J.'Wins'ton, 3. William R. Pickett, 
 
 2. William P. Gould, 4. George Phillips, 
 
 5. Theopliilus Toulmin. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 Joel H. Haden, John Hume. 
 
 1. William Blackey, 2. Henry Shurlds. 
 
 THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION — 
 1837. 
 
 Martin Van Buren was elected President, receiv- 
 ing the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hamp- 
 shire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Penn- 
 sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Mis- 
 sissippi, Illinois. Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Mich- 
 igan, — 170. William H. Harrison received the entire 
 vote of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware. Maryland, 
 Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana, — 73 ; Hugh L. White 
 the vote of Georgia and Tennessee, — 26 ; Daniel Web- 
 ster the vote of Massachusetts, — 14 ; and W. P. Man- 
 gum the vote of South Carolina, — 11. Richard M. 
 Johnson was chosen Vice-President by the Senate, 
 no one having received a majority of the electoral 
 votes, which stood : Richard M. Johnson, 147 ; Francis 
 Granger, 77 ; John Tyler, 47 ; William Smith, 23. 
 The Electors were : 
 
 Reuel Williams, 
 
 1. Sheldon Hobbs, 
 
 2. Joseph Tobin, 
 
 3. Jonathan Smith, 
 
 4. John Hamblen, 
 
 Shepherd Carey. 
 Benjamin Burgess, 
 William Thompson, 
 John H. Jarvis, 
 S. S. Heagan. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 Jonathan Harvey, Josiah Russell. 
 
 1. Isaac Waldron, 3. Tristam Shaw, 
 
 2. G. Gilmore, 4. Ebenezer Carlton, 
 
 5. Stephen Gale. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 Jabez Proctor, T. Howe. 
 
 1. S. Swift, 3. David Crawford, 
 
 2. Titus Hutchinson, 4. W. A. Griswold, 
 
 5. Edward Lamb. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Nathaniel Silsbee, 
 
 1. E. A. Newton, 
 
 2. Leverett Saltonstall, 
 
 3. Benjamin Walker, 
 
 4. Isaac C. Bates, 
 
 5. Loammi Baldwin, 
 
 6. Thomas Longley, 
 
 Samuel Appleton. 
 
 7. Samuel Lee, 
 
 8. Bazaleel Taft, Jr., 
 
 9. J. G. Kendall, 
 
 10. Howard Lothrop, 
 
 11. Charles W. Morgan, 
 13. Charles J. Holmes. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 James Fenner, Henry Bull. 
 
 1. John D'Wolf, 
 
 2. B. B. Thurston. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Lorain T. Pease, Luther Warren. 
 
 Alfred Bassett, 4. R. P. Williams, 
 
 Seth P. Beers, 5. Moses Gregory, 
 
 Julius Clark, 6. Carlos Chapman. 
 
 
 NEW 
 
 YORK. 
 
 
 Cor. W. Lawrence, 
 
 John Cox. 
 
 1. 
 
 Jacob Sutherland, 
 
 21. 
 
 Herman Gansevoort, 
 
 2. 
 
 Gideon Ostrander, 
 
 22. 
 
 Peleg Slade, 
 
 3. 
 
 Moses Rolph, 
 
 23. 
 
 John Gale. 
 
 4. 
 
 John Targee, 
 
 24. 
 
 Alanson M. Knapp, 
 
 5. 
 
 Jacob Crocheron, 
 
 25. 
 
 Walcott Tyrell, 
 
 0. 
 
 Jeremiah Anderson, 
 
 26. 
 
 Jared Willson, 
 
 7. 
 
 Stephen Allen, 
 
 27. 
 
 David C. Judson, 
 
 8. 
 
 James Hooker, 
 
 28. 
 
 Elisha Doubleday, 
 
 9. 
 
 Nathaniel P. Hill, 
 
 29. 
 
 Frederick Lammons, 
 
 10. 
 
 Ichabod Bartlett, 
 
 30. 
 
 Joseph Sibley, 
 
 11. 
 
 Jeremiah Russell, 
 
 31. 
 
 Henry Ellison, 
 
 13. 
 
 Augustus C. Welch, 
 
 32. 
 
 Samuel Benedict, Jr. 
 
 13. 
 
 Zadock Pratt, 
 
 33. 
 
 Parker Halleck, 
 
 14. 
 
 Lyman Strabridge, 
 
 34. 
 
 Daniel H. Bissell, 
 
 15. 
 
 Lucas Hoes, 
 
 35. 
 
 George F. Falley, 
 
 10. 
 
 Whitcombe Phelps, 
 
 36. 
 
 Thomas J. Wheeler, 
 
 17. 
 
 Henry Koon, 
 
 37. 
 
 Orville Hungerford, 
 
 18. 
 
 David Munro, 
 
 38. 
 
 Guy H. Goodrich, 
 
 19. 
 
 Peter Wendell, 
 
 39. 
 
 Joshua Babcock, 
 
 20. 
 
 Daniel Dickey, 
 
 40. 
 
 Hiram Gardner. 
 
 
 NEW 
 
 JERSET. 
 
 
 William Stevens, 
 
 
 Allison Ely. 
 
 1. 
 
 John H. Hall, 
 
 4. 
 
 David Beevis, 
 
 2. 
 
 Joshua Burr, 
 
 5. 
 
 Josiah S. Worth, 
 
 3. 
 
 William Brittan, 
 
 6. 
 
 J. Leaming. 
 
 
 PENNSTLT 
 
 James Thompson, 
 
 VNIA. 
 
 
 Henry Wel.sh. 
 
 1. 
 
 Robert Patterson, 
 
 15. 
 
 Henry Myers, 
 
 2. 
 
 Thomas C. Miller, 
 
 16. 
 
 S. L. Carpenter, 
 
 3] 
 
 Thomas D. Grover, 
 
 17. 
 
 John B. Sterigere, 
 
 4. 
 
 William Clark, 
 
 18. 
 
 Robert Patterson, 
 
 5. 
 
 Joseph Burden, 
 
 19. 
 
 Henry Chapman, 
 
 6. 
 
 John Mitchell, 
 
 20. 
 
 Wallace M. WilliamB, 
 
 7. 
 
 John Naglee, 
 
 21. 
 
 Jacob Kern, 
 
 8. 
 
 Leonard Rupert, 
 
 22. 
 
 James Power, 
 
 9. 
 
 Samuel Badger, 
 
 23. 
 
 Jacob Dillinger, 
 
 10. 
 
 George Kriner, 
 
 24. 
 
 Robert Orr, 
 
 11. 
 
 Gardner Furness, 
 
 25. 
 
 Paul Geiger, 
 
 12. 
 
 Asa Mann, 
 
 26. 
 
 John Carothers, 
 
 13. 
 
 Oliver Allison, 
 
 27. 
 
 Calvin Blythe, 
 
 14. 
 
 WiUiam R. Smith, 
 
 28. 
 
 John P. Davis, 
 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 
 William W. Morri 
 
 
 William Dunnins. 
 
 
 1. H. F. Hall. 
 
 M.ARTLAND. 
 Elias Brown, David Hoffman. 
 
 1. J. B. Ricaud, 5. Anthony Kimmel, 
 
 2. George Howard, 6. Robert W. Bowie, 
 
 3. William Price, 7. T. Burchenal, 
 
 4. J. M. Coale, 8. Thomas G. Pratt. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 A. Smith, 
 
 1. John Cargill, 
 
 2. W. Holladay, 
 
 3. James Jones, 
 
 4. I. Horner, 
 
 Samuel Carr. 
 
 8. A. S. Baldwin, 
 
 9. Richard Logan, 
 
 10. J. D. Williamson, 
 
 11. A. Stuart, 
 
 5. Wm. R. Baskerville, 13. D. B. Lavne 
 
 6. H. L. Opie, 
 
 7. Archibald Austin, 
 
 13. H. Hudgina, 
 
 14. A. Bierne, 
 
526 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 15. A. R. Harwood, 18. John Gibson, 
 
 16. James Hoge, 19. W. H. Roane, 
 
 17. John Moucure. 20. Samuel L. Hays, 
 
 21. John Hiiidman. 
 
 KOKTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Robert Love, 
 
 1. George Bower, 
 
 2. Nathaniel Macon, 
 
 3. John Wilson, 
 
 4. W. B. Lockhart, 
 
 5. A. Henderson, 
 
 6. G. C. Marchaut, 
 
 Josiah 0. Watson. 
 
 7. John Hill, 
 
 8. L. D. Wilson, 
 
 9. John Parlier, 
 
 10. W. P. Ferrand, 
 
 11. W. A. Morris, 
 13. Owen Holmes, 
 
 13. A. W. Veuable. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 John Littlejohn, Thomas L. Gourdin. 
 
 1. Patrick Noble, 5. Thomas F. Jones, 
 
 2. Thomas Dugan, 6. R. H. Goodwin, 
 
 3. D. J. McCord, 7. John Frampton, 
 
 4. B. T. Elmore, 8. B. K. Hanegan, 
 
 9. John Maxwell. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 George R. Gilmer, 
 
 1. John W. Campbell, 
 
 2. Howell Cobb, 
 
 3. Gibson Clark, 
 
 4. Wilham H. Holt, 
 
 Thomas Stocks, 
 
 5. E. Wimberly, 
 
 6. Ambrose Baber, 
 
 7. Thomas Hamilton, 
 
 8. David Meriwether, 
 
 9. C. Hines. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 William Smith, Robert H. Watkius. 
 
 1. John McKinley, 3. Thomas D. King, 
 
 2. John S. Hunter, 4. William R. Hallett, 
 
 5. William R. Pickett. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 Robert J. McKinney, John Gordon. 
 
 7. James A. Whiteside, 
 
 8. Neil S. Brown, 
 
 9. Asa Falkner, 
 
 10. S. D. Frierson, 
 
 11. Richard Cheatham, 
 13. L. P. Williamson, 
 
 1. John Netherland, 
 
 2. W. E. Anderson, 
 
 3. Alexander E. Smith, 
 
 4. Andrew J. Hoover. 
 
 5. James Park. 
 
 6. T. F. Bradford, 
 
 13. William W. Lea. 
 
 Burr Harrison, 
 
 1. Henrv Daniel, 
 
 2. William K. Wall, 
 
 3. Philip Triplett, 
 
 4. Robert Wickliff, 
 
 5. D. S. PattoD, 
 
 6. Thomas Metcalf, 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Thomas P. Wilson. 
 
 7. E. Rumsey, 
 
 8. M. P. Marshall, 
 
 9. Ricliard A. Buckner, 
 
 10. J. F. Ballinger, 
 
 11. C. Tomkins, 
 13. Robert P. Letcher, 
 
 
 13. M 
 
 Beatty. 
 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 
 Benjamin Ruggles, 
 
 W. C. Kirker. 
 
 1. 
 
 Joshua Collett, 
 
 10. Jared P. Kirtland, 
 
 2. 
 
 Ira Belknap, 
 
 11. Alexander Campbell 
 
 3. 
 
 George P. Torrence, 
 
 12. D. Hasbough, 
 
 4. 
 
 Samuel Elliott, 
 
 13. William Kendall, 
 
 5. 
 
 Andrew McCleary, 
 
 14. John P. Coulter, 
 
 6. 
 
 Mordecai Biirtley, 
 
 15. Abels Rennick, 
 
 7. 
 
 Elijah Huntington, 
 
 16. John L. Lacy, 
 
 8. 
 
 John Codding, 
 
 17. Christian King, 
 
 9. 
 
 Isaiah Morris, 
 
 18. Andrew Donnelly, 
 
 
 19. Samuel Newell. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Thomas Hinds, R. H. Grant. 
 
 1. B. W. Edwards, 2. H. G. Runnels. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 J. B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 
 
 1. T. U. Scott, 2. P. E. Bossier, 
 
 3. T. Landry. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 John C. Clendenin, Archilles Williams. 
 
 1. Hiram Decker, 4. A. L. Wliite, 
 
 2. A. W. Morris, 5. Enoch McCarty, 
 
 3. Milton Stapp, 6. M. G. Clark, 
 
 7. A. P. Andrews. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 George F. Bollinger, William Monroe. 
 
 1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 John Miller, A. B. Anthony. 
 
 1. Jo.ifhua Morrison. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Daniel Leroy, W^illiam H. Hoeg. 
 
 1. David C. McKinstry. 
 
 John Wyatt, 
 1. Samuel Leach, 
 
 Samuel Hachleton. 
 John Pearson, 
 
 John D. Whitesides. 
 
 FOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 
 
 1841. 
 
 William Henry Harrison was elected President, 
 receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, Massa- 
 chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New 
 York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary- 
 land, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, 
 Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan, 
 — 384. Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of 
 New Hampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Illinois, 
 Alabama, Missouri, and Arkansas, — 60. JoHN Tyler 
 was elected Vice-President. receiving234 votes, wliile 
 R. M. Johnson had 48, L. W. Tazewell 11, and James 
 K. Polk 1. The electors were : 
 
 Isaac Illsley, 
 
 1. Isaac Hodson, 
 
 2. E. Robinson, 
 
 3. Samuel Small, 
 
 4. Benjamin P. Gilman, 
 
 Thomas Fillebrown. 
 
 5. Rufus K. Goodenow, 
 
 6. J. Huse, 
 
 7. CliarlesTrafton, 
 
 8. Thomas Robinson. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 Samuel Burns, S. Perley. 
 
 1. John Scott, 
 
 2. J. W. Weeks, 
 
 3. Samuel Hatch, 
 
 4. F. Holbrook, 
 
 5. Andrew Paine, Jr. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Samuel C. Crafts, John Conaut. 
 
 1. Ezra Meech, 3. William Henry, 
 
 2. A. B. W. Tenney, 4. William P. Briggg, 
 
 5. Joseph Reed. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Isaac C. Bates, 
 
 1. Peleg Sprague, 
 
 2. Sidney Willard, 
 
 3. Richard Houghton, 
 
 4. Ira M. Barton, 
 
 5. S. C. Phillips, 
 
 6. George Grennell, Jr. 
 
 Rufus Longley. 
 
 7. Samuel Mixter, 
 
 8. Joseph Tripp, 
 
 9. Thomas French, 
 
 10. John B. Thomas, 
 
 11. W. Wood, 
 
 13. J. Z. Goodrich. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 Nicholas Brown, W. Weeden. 
 
 1. George Engs, 2. William Rhodes. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 H. Spencer, Reuben Booth. 
 
 1. James Brewster, 4. P. Bierce, 
 
 2. P. Pearl, 5. J. Greene, 
 
 3. A. Larrabee, 6. J. S. Peters. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 537 
 
 James Burt, 
 Abraham Rose, 
 H. Watson, 
 John T. Harrison, 
 «. P. Griffith, 
 John L. Lawrence, 
 
 A. McLityre, 
 Joseph Tucker, 
 E. Stirason, 
 
 J. P. Phoenix, 
 Josiah Hand, 
 Ricliard S. Williams, 
 K. P. Cool, 
 P. Van Cortlandt, 
 Jonathan Wallace, 
 
 B. White, 
 
 H. P. Voorhies, 
 N. Dubois, 
 Thomas Bnrch, 
 Peter G. Sharp, 
 P. B. Porter, 
 
 TOUK. 
 
 Elisha Jenkins. 
 
 21. John I. Knox, 
 
 22. Albert Crane, 
 
 23. Peter Pratt, 
 
 24. Charles Bradish, 
 
 25. E. Merrick, 
 
 26. Gideon Lee, 
 
 27. J. Livingston, 
 
 28. G rattan H. Wheeler, 
 
 29. Isaac Ogden, 
 
 30. William Garbutt, 
 
 31. Samuel Balcom, 
 
 32. P. L. Tracey, 
 
 33. I. I. Speed, Jr., 
 
 34. John Wheeler, 
 
 35. D. Hibbard, 
 
 36. Philo Orton, 
 
 37. John Williams, 
 
 38. H. R. Seymour, 
 
 39. B. D. Noxen, 
 
 40. Davis Hurd. 
 
 KEW JERSEY. 
 
 Lewis Condict, 
 
 1. C. Stepton, 
 
 2. Samuel G. Wright, 
 
 3. James Sliff, 
 
 John Runk. 
 
 4. Thomas Newbold, 
 
 5. J. M. Ryerson, 
 
 6. Joshua Towusend. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 J. A. Shulze, 
 
 1. J. Ritner, 
 
 2. J. K. Zeilin, 
 8. L. Passiiiore, 
 
 4. Robert Stimson, 
 
 5. J. P. Wetherell, 
 
 6. W. S. Hendrie, 
 
 7. Thomas P. Cope, 
 
 8. I. J. Ross, 
 
 9. F. Gillingham, 
 
 10. Peter Filbert, 
 
 11. A. Ellmaker, 
 
 12. William Addams, 
 
 13. John Harper, 
 
 14. B. Connelly, Jr., 
 
 A. R. McHvain. 
 
 15. William Mcllvain, 
 
 16. Joseph Markle, 
 
 17. J. Dickpon, 
 
 18. J. G. Fordyce, 
 
 19. J. McKeehan, 
 
 20. T. M. T. McKennan, 
 
 21. John Reed, 
 
 22. H. Denny, 
 
 23. A. B. Wilson, 
 
 24. Josejih Buffington, 
 
 25. N. Middleswarth, 
 
 26. Henrv Black, 
 
 27. George Walker, 
 
 28. John Dick. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Benjamin Caulk, H. P. Hall. 
 
 1. Peter J. Causey. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 David Hoffman, J. P. Kennedy. 
 
 1. J. L. Keer, 5. Jacob A. Preston, 
 
 2. Georae Howard, 6. James M. Coale, 
 
 3. Theod. B. Lockerman, 7. W. T. Woolton, 
 
 4. Richard J. Bowie, 8. Thomas A. Spence. 
 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 
 A. Smith, 
 
 Richard Logan. 
 
 1. 
 
 J. CargiU, 
 
 11. J. T. Randolph, 
 
 2. 
 
 Archibald Stuart, 
 
 12. William Tavlor, 
 
 8. 
 
 James Jones, 
 
 13. W. Holliday, 
 
 4. 
 
 William Tod, 
 
 14. A. C. Chapman. 
 
 5. 
 
 William R. Baskeville, 15. J. Horner. 
 
 6. 
 
 A. Brockenbrough, 
 
 16. Jame.-5 Hoge, 
 
 7. 
 
 Charles Yancey, 
 
 17. Richard E. Byrd, 
 
 8. 
 
 John Gibson, 
 
 18. William Byers. 
 
 9. 
 
 J. B. Halybirton, 
 
 19. William A. Harris, 
 
 10. 
 
 J. D. Williamson, 
 
 20. Beniamin Brown. 
 
 
 21. John Hurdman. 
 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 
 James Welborn, 
 
 D. F. Caldwell. 
 
 1. 
 
 Charles McDowell, 
 
 5. A. Rencher, 
 
 2. 
 
 J. B. Kelly, 
 
 6. William W. Cherrv 
 
 3. 
 
 D. Ramsour, 
 
 7. James S. Smith, 
 
 4. 
 
 James Mebane, 
 
 8. Thomas F. Jones, 
 
 9. Charles Manly, 11. William L. Long, 
 
 10. Josiah Collins, 12. James W. Bryan, 
 
 13. Daniel B. Baker. 
 
 John Crawford, 
 
 1. J. J. Caldwell, 
 
 2. W. H. Cannon, 
 
 3. A. Mazyck, 
 
 4. J. Buchanan, 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 J. L. Jeter. 
 
 5. H. J. Johnson, 
 
 6. F. J. Goodwyn, 
 
 7. W. McWillie, 
 
 8. J. Jenkins, 
 
 9. John L. Ashe. 
 
 George R. Gilmer, 
 
 1. D. L. Clinch, 
 
 2. W. W. Ezzard, 
 
 3. J. W. Campbell, 
 
 4. C. B. Strong, 
 
 A. Miller. 
 
 5. Joel Crawford, 
 
 6. E Wimberly, 
 
 7. Charles Dougherty, 
 
 8. J. Whitehead, 
 
 9. S. Grantland 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier. 
 
 1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Kainey, 
 
 3. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds, 
 5. J. Murphy. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 S. S. Prentiss, Thomas J. Word. 
 
 1. J. J. Stewart, 2. Henry Dickenson. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 E. H. Foster, Thos. J. Campbell. 
 
 1. S. Jarnagin, 7. A. A. Anderson, 
 
 2. J. F. Morford, 8. D. W. Dickenson, 
 
 3. Thomas D. Arnold, 9. J. H. Cahal, 
 
 4. Thomas L. Bransford, 10. G. A. Henry, 
 
 5. William P. Senter, 11. E. J. Shields, 
 
 6. James O. Janes, 13. George W. Gibbg. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Richard A. Buckner, Clias. G. Wintersmith. 
 1. James T. Morehead, 7. James W. Irwin, 
 
 Thomas W. Riley, 
 
 3. Robert Patterson, 
 
 4. William H. Field, 
 
 5. Iredell Hart, 
 
 6. Daniel Breck. 
 
 8. R. H. Menefee, 
 
 9. B. Y. Ousley, 
 
 10. M. P. Marshall, 
 
 11. James Harlan, 
 
 12. A. Beatty, 
 
 13. W. W. Southgate 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 William R. Putnam, Reasin Beall. 
 
 Alexander Mayhew, 10. John Dukes, 
 
 2. Henry Harter, 
 
 3. A. Spafford. 
 
 4. Joshua Collett, 
 
 5. Abraham Miley, 
 
 6. Samuel F. Vinton, 
 
 7. John I. Vanmeter, 
 
 8. Aquila Toland, 
 
 9. Perley B. Johnson, 
 
 11. Otho Bra.shear, 
 
 12. James Haquet, 
 
 13. C. S. Miller, 
 
 14. John Carey, 
 
 15. David King, 
 
 16. Storm Ro.sa, 
 
 17. John Beatty, 
 
 18. John Augustine, 
 
 19. John Jameson. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 J. McCarty, Joseph G. Marshall. 
 
 1. J. W. Payne, 4. James H. Cravens, 
 
 2. Joseph L. White, 5. Caleb B. Smith, 
 
 3. Richard W. Thompson, 6. William Herod, 
 
 7. Samuel C. Sample. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 A. W. Snyder, J. A. McClernani 
 
 1. Isaac P. Waiker, 2. James H. Ralston, 
 
 3. I. W. Eldridge. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Thomas J. Drake, H. G. Wells. 
 
 1. J. Van Fossen. 
 
528 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 William D. Buys, Jacques Dupre 
 
 1. J. Biruard, 2. S. Lewis, 
 
 3. L. Barras. 
 
 A. Byrd, 
 1. E. Dobyns, 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 James Holman. 
 3. W. Q. Meriwether. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 John McClellen, Sam. M. Rutherford. 
 
 1. John Miller. 
 
 FIFTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.— 1845. 
 
 James K. Polk was elected President, receiving 
 the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, 
 New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, 
 Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, and Michigan, — 170. 
 Henry Clay received the vote of Rhode Island, Mas- 
 sachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Del- 
 aware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Ten- 
 nessee, and Ohio, — 105. George M. Dallas was 
 elected Vice-President, receiving 170 votes, while T. 
 Frelinghuysen had 105. The electors were : 
 MAINE. 
 Jas. W. Bradbury. 
 1. John Stickney 
 
 2. Ichabod Jordan, 
 
 3. Alfred Pierce, 
 
 Jolin Foster. 
 
 4. Levi Morrill, 
 
 5. J. A. Lowell, 
 
 6. Thomas Bartlett, 
 
 7. Nathaniel Robinson. 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 William Badger, Isaac Hale. 
 
 1. John McNeil, 3. E. R. Currier, 
 
 2. E. Sawyer, 4. J. L. Putnam. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Abbott Lawrence, 
 
 1. Lewis Strong, 
 
 2. Charles Allen, 
 
 3. N. Appleton, 
 
 4. W. B. Calhoun, 
 
 5. J. P. Allen, 
 
 A. R. Tliompson, 
 
 6. C. B. Rising, 
 
 7. Homer Bartlett, 
 
 8. Elijah Vose, 
 
 9. W. Baylies, 
 10. Seth Crowell. 
 
 RHODE ISL.VND. 
 
 Benjamin Weaver, John Greene. 
 
 1. Stephen Steere, 3. N. F. Dixon (the elder). 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Clark Bissell, N. O. Kellogg. 
 
 1. Charles W. Rockwell, 3. S. A. Foote, 
 
 2. Joseph L. Gladding. 4. Truman Smith. 
 
 J. H. Harris, 
 
 1. John Pick, 
 
 2. Benjamin Swift, 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 C. Coolidge. 
 
 3. C. Townsley, 
 
 4. E. Fairbanks. 
 
 NEW 
 
 Benjamin F. Butler 
 Daniel S. Dickinson, 
 Clemence Whitaker, 
 Hugh Halsey, 
 A. Doane, 
 H. Thompson, 
 Thomas H. Hubbard, 
 George Douglass, 
 L. Pettengill, 
 Neil Cray, 
 William Mason, 
 W. S. Havemayer, 
 H. Potts, 
 J. J. Coddington, 
 
 YORK. 
 
 , John Nellis. 
 
 14. Daniel Dana, 
 15 Daniel Johnson, 
 
 16. JohnGillett, 
 
 17. J. Crawford, 
 
 18. J. E. Bogardus, 
 
 19. William Murrey, 
 
 20. J. Boynton, 
 
 21. Jacobus Hoerolnburgh, 
 33. E. Johnson, 
 
 23. J. L. Hogeboom, 
 
 24. John Lapham, 
 
 25. N. M. Martin, 
 
 26. J. D. Hiffffins, 
 
 27. J. K. Page, 
 
 28. R. H. Shankland, 
 
 29. John Savage, 
 
 30. J. Hascall, Jr. 
 
 31. William Hedding, 
 
 32. Rufus H. Smith, 
 
 33. John Fay, 
 
 34. A. Ho,ti;eboom. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 J. B. Aycrigg, John Emly. 
 
 1. Charles Reeves, 3. E. Q. Keasbeg, 
 
 2. E. T. Rogers, 4. James Stewart, 
 
 5. A. Godwin. 
 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 
 Wilson McCandless, 
 
 Jesse Sharp. 
 
 1. 
 
 Asa Dimock, 
 
 13. 
 
 Samuel Camp, 
 
 2. 
 
 N. W. Sample, 
 
 14. 
 
 N. B. Eldred, 
 
 3. 
 
 G. F. Lehman, 
 
 15. 
 
 William N. Irvine, 
 
 4. 
 
 William Heidenrich, 
 
 16. 
 
 John Matthews, 
 
 5. 
 
 Christian Kneass, 
 
 17. 
 
 James Woodburn, 
 
 6. 
 
 Conrad Shimer, 
 
 18. 
 
 William Patterson, 
 
 7. 
 
 William H. Smith, 
 
 19. 
 
 Hugh Jlontgomery 
 
 8. 
 
 Stephen Baldy, 
 
 20. 
 
 A. Burke, 
 
 9. 
 
 John Hill, 
 
 21. 
 
 Isaac Ankeny, 
 
 10. 
 
 I. Brewster, 
 
 22. 
 
 John M. Gill, 
 
 11. 
 
 Samuel E. Leech, 
 
 23. 
 
 C. Meyers, 
 
 12. 
 
 George Sclinable, 
 
 24. 
 
 Robert Orr. 
 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Alfred Dupont, Thomas Davis. 
 
 1. Enoch Spruance. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 William M. Gaither, William Price. 
 
 1. James B. Ricaud, 4. A. W. Bradford, 
 
 2. C. K. Stewart, 5. H. E. Wright, 
 
 3. Thomas S. Alexan.der, 6. Samuel Hambleton. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 John S. Millson, 
 
 1. Thomas Wallace, 
 
 2. Ricliard Coke, Jr., 
 
 3. R. H. Baptiste, 
 
 4. H. Bedinger, 
 
 5. William Daniel, 
 
 6. G. B. Samuels, 
 
 7. A. Stuart, 
 
 W. H. Roane. 
 
 8. James Hoge, 
 
 9, Thomas J. Randolph, 
 
 10. H. S. Kane, 
 
 11. William Smith, 
 13. R. A. Tliompson, 
 
 13. William P. Taylor, 
 
 14. Joseph Johnson, 
 
 15. William S. Morgan. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 William W. Cherrv, Josiah Collins. 
 
 1. R. B. Gilliam, " 5. John Kerr, 
 
 2. W. H. Washington, 6. A. H. Shepard, 
 
 3. D. B. Baker, 7. James W. Osborne, 
 
 4. M. Q. Waddell, 8. J.Horton, 
 
 9. John Baxter. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 F. H. Elmore, F. W. Pickens. 
 
 1. J. D. Wetherspoon, 4. T. B. Skipper, 
 
 2. H. C. Young, 5. L. Boozer, 
 
 3. F. W. Huey, 6. William Cairn, 
 
 7. R. De Treville. 
 
 Chas. J. McDonald, 
 
 1. B. Graves, 
 
 2. H. V. Johnson, 
 
 3. R. M. Charlton, 
 
 4. Charles Murphy, 
 
 Alfred Iverson. 
 
 5. William F. Sandford, 
 
 6. George W. Towers, 
 
 7. William B. WoflEord, 
 
 8. Eli H. Baxter. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 P. Triplett, 
 
 1. B. M. Crenshaw, 
 
 2. W. W. Southgate, 
 
 3. Benjamin Hardin, 
 
 4. W. R. Grigsbv, 
 
 Greene Adams. 
 
 6. W. J. Gram, 
 
 7. R. A. Patterson, 
 
 8. Leslie Coombs, 
 
 9. John Kincard, 
 
 5. I. K. Underwood, 10. L. W. Andrews. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 539 
 
 Thomas Corwin 
 
 1. Bellamy Storer. 
 
 2. Samson Mason, 
 
 3. W. Bebb, 
 
 4. D. J. Cory, 
 
 5. A. Harlau, 
 
 6. J. Scott, 
 
 7. R. W. Clark, 
 
 8. David Adams, 
 
 9. Joseph Olds, 
 10. D. S. Norton, 
 
 21 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Peter Hitchcock. 
 
 11. W. W. Conklin, 
 
 12. James Holcombe, 
 
 13. H. Chapiu, 
 
 14. J. Crooks, 
 
 15. T. W. Bostwick, 
 le. W. R. Sapp, 
 
 17. J. W. Gill, 
 
 18. Cyrus Spink, 
 
 19. J. H. Baldwin, 
 
 20. W. S. Perkins, 
 John Fuller. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 John Bell, 
 
 1. G. A. Henry, 
 
 2. J. H. Crozier, 
 
 3. J. A. R. Nelson, 
 
 4. D. L. Barringer, 
 
 5. R. H. Hynds, 
 
 Robert L. Caruthers. 
 
 6. N. S. Brown, 
 
 7. Thomas R. Jennings, 
 
 8. J. D. Tyler, 
 
 9. H. L. B'ransford, 
 10. William T. Haskell, 
 
 11. Robertson Topp. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 G. Leonard, J. B. Planche. 
 
 1. T. Landry, 3. A. E. Mouton, 
 
 2. T. W. Scott, 4. S. W. Downes. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 A. Fox, R. H. Boone, 
 
 1. J. W. Matthews, 3. H. S. Foote, 
 
 2. Jos. Bell, 4. Jefferson Davis. 
 
 .James G. Reed, 
 
 1. William A. Bowles, 
 
 2. Elijah Newland, 
 
 3. J. M. Johnston, 
 
 4. Samuel E. Perkins, 
 
 5. William W. Wick, 
 
 G. N. Fitch. 
 
 6. P. C. Dunning, 
 
 7. Austin M. Puett, 
 
 8. H. W. Ellsworth, 
 
 9. Charles W. Cathcart, 
 10. John Gilbert. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 A. W. Cavarly, Wm. A. Richardson. 
 
 1. J. D. Wood, " 4. Isaac N. Arnold, 
 
 2. John Dement, 5. A. C. French, 
 
 3. Willis Alien, 6. John Calhoun, 
 
 7. Norman H. Purple. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Lewis Beaufait, George Redfield. 
 
 1. P. S. Paulding, 2. Charles'P. Bush, 
 
 3. Samuel Axford. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 R. B. Wathall, Daniel Hubbard. 
 
 1. W. R. Hallett, 4. J. J. Winston, 
 
 2. Dixon Hall, 5. J. A. Nooe, 
 
 3. Thomas S. Mays, 6. Jeremiah Clemens, 
 
 7. William B. Martin. 
 
 AKKANSAS. 
 
 W. W. Izard, Solon Borland. 
 
 1. W. S. Oldham. 
 
 MISSOtTRI. 
 James S. Green, William A. Hall. 
 
 1. W. P. Hall, 3. W. C. Jones, 
 
 2. William Shields. 4. Franklin Cannon, 
 
 5. William L. Sublette. 
 
 SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIOIS - 
 1849. 
 
 Zachart Tatlor was elected President, re 
 ceiving the entire electoral vote of Massachusetts 
 Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York 
 New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland 
 North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tenne.ssee, Lou 
 
 isiana,and Florida, — 163 votes. Lewis Cass received 
 the entire vote of Maine. New Hampshire, Virginia, 
 South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, 
 and Wisconsin, — 127. Millard Fillmore was elect- 
 ed Vice-President, receiving 163 votes, while William 
 O. Butler received 127. The Electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Rufus Mclntire, Thos. D. Robinson. 
 
 1. H. J. Anderson, 4. A. Masters, 
 
 2. A. Wiswell, 5. E. L. Osgood, 
 
 3. O. L. Sanborn, 6. Asa Clark, 
 
 7. D. R. Straw. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Samuel Tilton, Jesse Bowers. 
 
 1. Joseph H. Smith, 3. R. H. Ayer, 
 
 2. J. Eastman, 
 
 4. Simeon Warner. 
 
 M.ASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Levi Lincoln, 
 
 1. P. Dwight, 
 
 2. D. Adams, 
 
 3. Albert Fearing, 
 
 4. Isaac Livermore, 
 
 5. B. F. Thomas, 
 
 David Pingree. 
 
 6. M. Lawrence, 
 
 7. A. Ilowland, 
 
 8. H. A. S. Dearborn, 
 
 9. William Bavlies, 
 10. William K."Easton. 
 
 William Sprague, 
 1. J. T. Rhodes, 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 George G. King. 
 2. R. Babcock. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Thos. S. Williams, Thos. W. Williams. 
 
 1. Solomon Olmsted, 3. John McClellan, 
 
 2. E. Jackson, 4. J. B. Ferris. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Erastus Fairbanks, Timothy Follett. 
 
 1. George T. Hodges, 3. A. L. Catlin, 
 
 3. A. Tracy, 4. E. Cleveland. 
 
 H. H. Ross, 
 
 1. A. T. Rose, 
 
 2. George Benson, 
 
 3. J. M. Cross, 
 
 4. J. C. Cruger, 
 
 5. D. Lord, 
 
 6. T. D. Bull, 
 
 7. Jo. Hoxie, 
 
 8. J. S. Smith, 
 
 9. J. Whittemore, 
 
 10. Robert Dorian, 
 
 11. J. Seymour, 
 
 12. C. F. Crosby, 
 
 13. J. McKie, 
 
 14. B. J. Clark, 
 1.5. S. Freeman, 
 
 16. J. A. Collier, 
 
 17. I. C. Duff, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 George Griswold. 
 
 18. J. Bradley, 
 
 19. William B. Welles, 
 
 20. Daniel Larkin, 
 
 21. Charles R. Barstow, 
 
 22. O. Poole, 
 
 23. D. Kellogg, 
 
 24. B. F. Harwood, 
 
 25. S. Francher, 
 
 26. J. Davenport, 
 
 27. E. Sheldon, 
 
 28. D. E. Sill, 
 
 29. M. Butterfield, 
 
 80. William Kelchum, 
 
 31. E. D. Smith, 
 
 32. 0. P. Haskell, 
 
 33. Asa Chatiield, 
 
 34. Solomon Parmalee. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 John Runk, Isaac V. Brown. 
 
 1. J. Brick, 3. Charles Burroughs, 
 
 2. Robert V. Armstrong, 4. C. Howell, 
 
 5. Peter I. Ackerman. ♦- 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 T. M. T. McKennan, Charles Snyder. 
 
 1. John P. Sanderson, 9. Thomas W. Duffield, 
 
 2. W. G. Hurly, 10. William Mcllvaine. 
 
 3. J. G. Clarkson, 11. J. Dungan, 
 
 4. Francis Tyler, 12. Charles W. Fisher, 
 
 5. J. P. Wetherill, 13. Daniel E. Hitner, 
 
 6. H. Johnson, 14. A. G. Curtin, 
 
 7. J. M. Davis, 15. J. D. Steele, 
 
 8. William Calder, 16. Thomas R. Davidson, 
 
530 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 17. I. Landes, 21. A. M. Loomig, 
 
 18. Jc^eiih Markle, 22. Tliomas H. Sill, 
 
 19. Joseph bcliomacher, 23. Richard Irwin, 
 
 20. David Agnew, 34. Samuel A. Purviance. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 P. Reybold, Samuel Cotts. 
 
 1. G. H. Wright. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 W. L. Gaither, A. G. Ege. 
 
 1. Joseph S. C'ottman, 4. J. M. Starris, 
 
 3. J. P. Roman, 5. B. C. Wicker, 
 
 3. J. M. S. Causin, C. J. C. Derickson. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 J. S. Millson, 
 1. F. E. Rives, 
 3. Henry A. Wise, 
 
 3. H. L. Hopkins, 
 
 4. Thomas Sloane, 
 a. W. p. Bocock, 
 
 6. G. B. Samuels, 
 
 7. W. M. Tredway, 
 
 R. G. Scott. 
 
 8. John Letcher, 
 
 9. S. F. Leake, 
 
 10. John B. Flovd, 
 
 11. J. S. Barbour, Sr., 
 13. A. G. Pendleton, 
 
 13. H. A. Washington, 
 
 14. Samuel L. Haynes, 
 
 15. 0. W. Largefit. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Kenneth Rayner, 
 1. Edward Stanley, 
 3. W. A. Washington, 
 
 3. George Davis, 
 
 4. J. Wiuslow, 
 
 9. John Baxton. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 H. W. Miller. 
 
 5. John Kerr, 
 
 6. Rawley Galloway. 
 
 7. Jas. W. Osborne, 
 
 8. Tod R. Caldwell, 
 
 Benjamin F. Perry, 
 1. Thomas Lehre, 
 3. J. L. Manning, 
 3. P. C. Caldwell, 
 
 Alexander Ervins. 
 
 4. W. J. Hanna, 
 
 5. N. R. Eaves, 
 
 6. J. B. Campbell, 
 
 7. Benjamin G. Allston. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 William Terrell, Seaton Grantland. 
 
 1. H. W, Sharpe, 5. A. W. Redding, 
 
 3. W. Aiken, (i. Y. P. King, 
 
 3. William H. Crawford, 7. William Moseley, 
 
 4. Ashbury Hull, 8. George Stapleton. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 A. Dixon, 
 1. L. Lindsay, 
 3. J. L. Johnson, 
 
 3. F. E. McLean, 
 
 4. William Cheuault, 
 
 5. T. W. Lisle, 
 
 M. V. Thomson. 
 
 6. M D. McHeury, 
 
 7. B. R. Young, 
 
 8. Leslie Coombs, 
 
 9. A. Trumbo, 
 
 10. W. C. Marshall. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 James C. Jones, 
 
 1. T. A. R. Nelson, 
 
 2. A. Q. Watkins, 
 
 3. R. B. Brabson, 
 
 4. John L. Goodall, 
 
 5. William Kercheval, 
 
 John Netherland. 
 
 6. S, E. Rose, 
 
 7. J. S. Brien, 
 
 8. William Cullom, 
 
 9. A. Goodrich, 
 10. G. D. Searcy, 
 
 11. C. H. Williams. 
 
 Li. Byington, 
 J. Sniden, 
 George Kesling, 
 J. Kinney, 
 G. Volney Dorsey, 
 
 C. M. Godfrey, 
 S. Diffenderfer, 
 S. M. Littell, 
 
 D. T. Swinney, 
 Lewis Anderson, 
 John Lidey, 
 
 11. 
 
 13. 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 
 le. 
 
 17. 
 18. 
 19. 
 30. 
 31. Van S. M 
 
 Sam'l Starkweather. 
 William Lawrence. 
 William J. Fry, 
 Joseph Burns, 
 W. McDonald, 
 D. A. Starkweather, 
 J. B. Butler, 
 H. B. Payne, 
 A. Ives, 
 John Caldwell, 
 John Glover, 
 urphy. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 Jiicques Joutant, J. P. Benjamin. 
 
 1. M. J. Carcia, 3. John Moore, 
 
 3. C. Adams, Jr., 4. J. G. Campbell. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 J. A. Quitman, J. W. Chalmers. 
 
 1. D. B. Wright, 3. William McWillie, 
 
 3. J. A. Ventress, 4. G. W. L. Smith. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Robert Dale Owen, 
 
 1. N. Albertson, 
 
 2. C. L. Dunham, 
 
 3. William M. McCarty, 
 
 4. Charles H. Test, 
 
 5. James Ritchey, 
 
 E. M. Chamberlain. 
 
 6. George W. Carr, 
 
 7. I. M. Hanna, 
 
 8. Daniel Mace, 
 
 9. G. N. Fitch, 
 10. A. J. Harlan. 
 
 I. Manning, 
 1. M. Sweney, 
 3. C. Lansing, 
 3. William Martin, 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 Ferris Foreman. 
 
 4. H. W. Vandervier, 
 
 5. S. S. Hayes, 
 
 6. M. E. Hollister, 
 
 7. W. L. Furgerson. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 John A. Winston, 
 1. J. E. Saunders, 
 3. Lewis M. Stone, 
 3. Francis S. Lyon, 
 
 Columbus W. Lee. 
 
 4. James Armstrong, 
 
 5. J. J. Seibels, 
 
 6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 
 
 7. James F. Dowdell. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 J. C. Welborn, G. D. Hall. 
 
 1. Abraham McKinney, 3. E. B. Ewing, 
 3. B. T. Massey, 4. James H. Rolfe, 
 
 5. Tristam Polk. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 John Martin, John S. Krane. 
 
 1. James Yell. 
 
 MICHIG.VN. 
 
 John S. Barry, L. M. Mason. 
 
 1. Rix Robinson, 3. H. C. Thurber, 
 
 3. William T. Howell. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Jackson Morton, Samuel Spencer. 
 
 1. J. H. Mcintosh. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 James B. Miller, T. G. Brooks. 
 
 1. William C. Yo 
 
 A. C. Dodge, 
 1. Joseph Williams, 
 
 3. M. A. Dooley 
 
 IOW.\. 
 
 J. S. Selman. 
 3. Lincoln Clark. 
 
 ■WISCONSIN. 
 
 F. Huebschmann, Samuel F. Nicholas. 
 
 1. William Dinwiddle, 3. D. P. Mapes. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION — 
 1853. 
 
 Franklin Pierce was elected President, receiv- 
 ing the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hamp 
 shire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New 
 Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia 
 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 
 Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, 
 Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa 
 Wisconsin, and California, — 254. Winfield Scott re- 
 ceived the vote of Vermont, Ma.ssachusetts, Tennes- 
 see, and Kentucky, — 43. William R. King was 
 elected Vice-President, receiving 3.54 votes ; while 
 William A. Graham had 40. The Electors were: 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 531 
 
 R. Mclntire, 
 
 1. G. F. Shepley, 
 
 2. R. Lowell, 
 
 3. J. H. Fuller, 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 J. C. Talbot. 
 
 4. O. Moses, 
 
 5. D. Richardson, 
 
 6. J. W. Tabor. 
 
 NEW H.VMPSniRE. 
 
 H. Hubbard, L. Jones. 
 
 1. J. A. Douglass, 2. S. Webster, 
 
 3. N. B. Baker. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Portus Baxter, A. P. Lyman. 
 
 1. E. P. Walton, 2. B. Kirkland, 
 
 3. L. Adams. 
 
 MASS.iCHnSETTS. 
 
 R. C. Winthrop, 
 
 1. George Bliss, 
 
 2. J. Gardner, 
 
 3. R. G. Shaw, 
 
 4. George Coggswell, 
 
 5. E. Torrey, 
 
 J. H. W. Page. 
 
 6. George A. Crocker, 
 
 7. Amos Lawrence, 
 
 8. Daniel C. Baker, 
 
 9. J. Coggin, 
 10. R. Bullock, 
 
 11. E. R. Colt. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 George Turner, A. Ballou. 
 
 1. A. Eddy, 2. J. Spink. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 ThoR. IL Seymour, N. Belcher. 
 
 1. A. P.Hyde, 3. S. Bingham, 
 
 2. Charles Parker, 4. William F. Taylor. 
 
 NEW TOKK. 
 
 Charles O'Conor. 
 
 17. W. C. Grain, 
 
 18. William Taylor, 
 
 19. C. S. Grinnell, 
 
 20. W. C. Beardsley, 
 
 21. L. J. Walworth, 
 
 22. D. A. Ogden, 
 
 23. T. H. Hubbard, 
 
 24. T. G. McDowell, 
 S. G. Hathaway, 
 
 S. B. Piper, 
 P. S. Crooke, 
 E. B. Litchfield. 
 R. T. Compton, 
 J. M. Marsh, 
 I. Murphy, 
 William H. Cornell, 
 G. F. Conover, 
 A. F. Vache, 
 E. Suffern, 
 
 Alexander Thompson, 26. P. C. Divinny, 
 Zadock Pratt, 27. D. De Wolf, 
 
 L. Van Buren, 28. D. Warners, 
 
 J. Pierson, 29. J. C. Collins, 
 
 J. W. Bishop, 30. T. B. Skinner, 
 
 C. Voshurgh, 31. William Vandervoort, 
 
 Thomas Crook, 33. W. L. G. Smith, 
 
 33. Benjamin Chamberlain. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Peter D. Vroorn, William Wright. 
 
 1. William S. Bowen, 3. P. B. Kennedy, 
 
 2. G. Black, 4. J. N. Taylor, 
 
 5. E. A. Stevens. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 H. McCandless, Robert Patterson. 
 
 N. B. Eldred, 13. Pardon Damon, 
 
 Peter Logan, 14. H. C. Eyer, 
 
 George H. Martin, 1.5. J. Clayton, 
 
 I. Miller, 16. Isaac Robinson, 
 
 F. W. Bockius, 17. H. Fetten, 
 
 R. McCoy, Jr., 18. J. Burnside, 
 
 A. Apple, 19. M. McCaslin, 
 
 N. Strickland, 20. J. McDonald, 
 
 A. Peters, 21. W. S. Callahan, 
 
 D. Fister, 23. A. Burke, 
 
 R. E. James, 23. William Dunn, 
 
 J. McReynolds, 24. J. S. McCalmont, 
 25. George K. Barrett. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 J. Merritt, William I. Clark. 
 
 1. Henry Bacon. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 R. M. McLane, C. Humphries. 
 
 1. J. Parren, 
 
 2. R. H. Alvey, 
 
 3. Carroll Spence, 
 
 M. Cooke, 
 
 1. T. Rives. 
 
 2. W. E. Flournoy 
 
 3. J. Goode, Jr., 
 
 4. R. G. Scott, 
 
 5. H. A. Wise, 
 
 6. R. L. Montague 
 
 4. C. J. M. Gwinne, 
 
 5. J. A. Wickes, 
 
 6. E. K. Wilson. 
 
 A. H. Dillard. 
 
 7. James Barbour, 
 
 8. R. Tucker, 
 
 9. George E. Deneale, 
 
 10. James McDowell, 
 
 11. J. B. Floyd, 
 
 12. M. H. Johnson, 
 
 13. Z, Kidwell 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 James C. Dobbin. William H. Thomaa 
 
 5. L. B. Branch, 
 
 6. Samuel J. Person, 
 
 7. D. G. W. Ward, 
 
 8. Thomas Bragg. 
 
 1. Burton Craige, 
 
 2. W. F. Leak, 
 
 3. Robert P. Dick 
 
 4. A. Rencher, 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 G. Cannon, Thomas P. Brockman. 
 
 1. J. H. Adams, 4. M. E. Carn 
 
 2. R. F. W. Allston, 5. W. D. Porter 
 
 3. I. F. Marshall, 6. C. G. Memminger. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 Wilson Lumpkin. 
 
 1. T. M. Foreman, 
 
 2. R. H. Clarke, 
 
 3. H. G. Lamar, 
 
 4. H. A. HaraLson, 
 
 H. V. .Johnson. 
 
 5. I. E. Brown, 
 
 6. William L. Mitchell, 
 
 7. R. W. Flournoy, 
 
 8. William Schley. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Jesse Coe, McQueen Mcintosh. 
 
 1. J. C. Smith. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 J. A. Winston, E. Saunders. 
 
 1. F. S. Lyon, 4. L. M. Stone. 
 
 2. J. S. Seibels, 5. James Armstrong, 
 
 3. C. W. Lee. 6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 
 
 J. S. Dowdell. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 E. C. Wilkinson, A. M. Jackson. 
 
 1. W. H. .Johnson, 3. J. H. R. Taylor, 
 
 2. 0. R. Singleton, 4. W. S. Featherston, 
 
 5. Hiram Casseday. 
 
 LOUISI.^NA. 
 
 E. Warren Moise, T. G. Davidson. 
 
 1. J. B. Planche, 3. T. Landrv. 
 
 3. Thomas 0. Moore, 4. R. W. Richardson. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 George W. Smyth, R. S. Neighbors. 
 
 1. L. D. Evans. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 H. M. Rector, J, A. Carter. 
 
 1. T. B. Flournoy, 2. B. T. Duval. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 G. A. Henry, William T. Haskell. 
 
 1. N. G. Tavlor, 6. J. M. Davidson, 
 
 2. H. Maynard, 7. E. R. Osborne, 
 
 3. George Brown, 8. J. A. McEwen, 
 
 4. S. M. Fite, 9. A. G. Shrewsbury, 
 
 5. J. Stokes, 
 
 10. J. R. Moseby. 
 
532 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 J. F. Bell, Charles S. Moreliead. 
 
 L. Anderson, 6. C. F. Burnan, 
 
 J. S. McFarland, 7. Thomas F. Marshall, 
 
 J. G. Rogers, 8. J. Rodman, 
 
 Thomas E. Bramlette, 9. L. M. Cox, 
 
 W. McLean, 
 B. Burns, 
 J. B. Damble, 
 Charles Rule, 
 William Golden, 
 G. W. Stokes, 
 0. Keyser, 
 R. C. Cunningham, 
 H, J. Jewett, 
 E. G. Dial, 
 W. 0. Key, 
 
 21. B. 
 
 10. Thos. B. Stevenson. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 William Palmer. 
 
 11. L. H, Steedman, 
 13. C. H. Mitchener, 
 
 13. C. J. Orton, 
 
 14. E. T. McArtor, 
 
 15. Joseph Kyle, 
 
 16. J. Finley, 
 
 17. F. Cleveland, 
 
 18. S. D. Harris, 
 
 19. E. T. Wilder, 
 
 20. E. H. Haines, 
 T. Johnson. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 J. S. Barry, 
 
 1. A. Edwards, 
 
 2. William McCauley, 
 
 D. J. Campau. 
 
 3. Salraer Sharpe, 
 
 4. John Stockton. 
 
 John Pettit, 
 
 1. J. H. Lane, 
 
 2. A. F. Morrison, 
 
 3. J. F. Read, 
 
 4. W. C. Larabee, 
 
 5. James S. Athon, 
 
 Nathaniel Balton. 
 
 6. George B. Buell, 
 
 7. James S. Hester, 
 
 8. Samuel A. Hall, 
 
 9. E. Dumont, 
 10. A. H. Brown, 
 
 11. J. M. Talbot. 
 
 J. A. McClelland, 
 
 1. John Calhoun, 
 
 2. E. G. Sanger, 
 
 3. E. P. Ferry, 
 
 4. Vlerby Benedict, 
 
 Richard J. Hamilton. 
 
 5. D. L. Gregg, 
 
 6. E. O'Melveny, 
 
 7. James Mahon, 
 
 8. Joseph Knox, 
 
 9. C. A. Warren. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 E. D. Bevritt, Alexander Kayser. 
 
 1. H. F. Gary, 4. J. D. Stevenson, 
 
 2. Wm. D. McCracken, 5 C. F. Holly, 
 
 3. C. F. Jackson, 6. J. M. Gatewood, 
 
 7. Robert E. Acock. 
 
 J. E. Fletcher, 
 1. A. Hall, 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 . George H. Williams. 
 3. W. E. Leffingwell. 
 
 ■WISCONSIN. 
 M. M. Cothren, Chas. Billinghurst. 
 
 1. B, Brown, 2. Philo White, 
 
 3. S. Clark. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 W. S. Sherwood, 
 1. J. W. Gregory, 
 
 Thomas J. Henley. 
 3. Andrew Pico. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 
 1857. 
 
 James Buchanan was elected President, receiving 
 the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylva- 
 nia, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- 
 lina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mis- 
 sis.sippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkan- 
 sas. Florida, Texas, and California, — 173. John C. 
 Fremont received the entire vote of Maine, New 
 35 
 
 Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti- 
 cut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and 
 Wisconsin, — 114. Millard Fillmore received the vote 
 of Maryland, — 8. John C. Breckinridge was elect- 
 ed Vice-President, receiving 173 votes ; while W. L. 
 Dayton had 114, and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors 
 were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Noah Smith, Jr., S. Perham. 
 
 1. James Morton, 4. E. Swan, 
 
 3. Isaac Gross, 5. A. P. Emerson, 
 
 3. K. Crockett, 6. M. H. Pike. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 W. H. H. Bailey, Thomas L. Whitton. 
 
 1. Daniel Clark, 
 
 2. Thomas M. Edwards, 
 3. J. H. White. 
 
 W. C, Bradley, George W. Strong. 
 
 1. L. Brainard, 2. John Porter, 
 
 3. Portus Baxter. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Thomas Colt, 
 
 1. J. Vinson, 
 
 2. A. B. Wheeler, 
 
 3. G. R. Russell, 
 
 4. George Odiorne, 
 
 5. L. R. Marsh, 
 
 Julius Rockwell. 
 
 6. George H. Devereux, 
 
 7. James M. Usher, 
 
 8. J. Nesmith, 
 
 9. J. S. C. Knowlton, 
 10. Charles E. Forbes, 
 
 11. Franklin Ripley. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 E. W. Lawton, Isaac Saunders. 
 
 1. William P. Bullock, 3. William D. Brayton. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 H. Dutton, 
 
 1. Thomas Clark, 
 
 2. E. Spencer, 
 
 J. Catlin. 
 
 3. Wm. A. Buckingham, 
 
 4. S. W. Gold. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 M. H. Grinnell 
 J. S. Wadsworth, 
 E. Field, 
 M. Tompkins, 
 J. P. Jones, 
 J. P. Stanton, 
 E. Cooke, 
 James Kennedy, 
 R. A. Barnard, 
 H. Raster, 
 J. G. McMurray, 
 J. Kelly, 
 H. H. Van Dyck, 
 J. S. Belcher, 
 J. C. Hiilbert, 
 D. D. Conover, 
 J. D. Kingsland, 
 33. 
 
 Thomas Carnley. 
 
 17. S. Stilwell, 
 
 18. D. Cady, 
 
 ' 19. R. S. Hughston, 
 
 20. W. S. Sayre, 
 
 21. J. S. Lvnch, 
 23. D. H. Mar.sh, 
 
 33. A. Davenport, 
 
 34. Le Roy Morgan, 
 25. E. Burnham, 
 
 2(1. M. H. Lawrence, 
 
 27. J. B. Williams, 
 
 28. Isaac L. Endress, 
 
 29. F. Clarke, 
 
 30. W. S. Mallory, 
 
 31. W. Keep, 
 33. R. Wheeler, 
 
 Delos E. Sill. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 E. A. Stevens, G. F. Fort. 
 
 1. Benjamin F. Lee, 3. D. Von Fleet, 
 
 2. H. L. Little, 4. H. A. Ford, 
 
 5. George W. Savage. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Chas. R. Buckalew, W. McCandlesa. 
 
 1. G. W. Nebinger, 
 
 2. P. Butler, 
 
 3. E. Wartman, 
 
 4. William H. Witte, 
 
 5. J. McNair, 
 
 6. J. H. Brinton, 
 
 7. ]). Laury, 
 
 8. Charles Kessler, 
 
 9. James Patterson, 
 
 10. Isaac Stenker, 
 
 11. F. W. Hughes, 
 13. T. Osterhout, 
 
 13. A. Edinger, 
 
 14. R. Wilbur, 
 
 15. George A. Crawford, 
 
 16. James Black, 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 533 
 
 17. H. J. Stable, 21. William Wilkins, 
 
 18. J. D. Roddy, 22. J. C. Campbell, 
 
 19. J. Turney, 23. Thomas Cunningham, 
 
 20. Jaa A. T. Buchanan, 24. J. Keattey, 
 
 25. V. Phelps. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 George C. Gordon, H. Ridgeley. 
 
 1. Charles Wright. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 J. D. Roman. James Wallace. 
 
 1. R. Goldsborough, 4. Thomas Swann, 
 
 2. E. H. Webster, 5. F. A. Schley, 
 
 3. C. L. L. Leary, 6. A. R. Sellers. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 E. W. Mas.'^enburg, A. H. Dillard. 
 
 1. T. H. Campbell, 7. James Barbour, 
 
 2. James Garland, 8. J. R. Tucker, 
 
 3. J. Goode, Jr., 9 J. J. Harris, 
 
 4. Alexander Jones, 10. A. G. Pendelton, 
 
 5. William B. Taliaferro, 11. J. B. Floyd, 
 
 6. R. L. Montague, 12. S. L. Hayes, 
 
 18. Sherrard Clemens. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 H. M. Shaw, 
 
 1. W. F. Martin, 
 
 2. William P. Blow, 
 
 3. M. B. Smith, 
 
 4. G. H. Wilder, 
 
 S. P. Hill. 
 
 5. S. E. Williams, 
 
 6. Thomas Settle, Jr., 
 
 7. R. P. Waring, 
 
 8. W. W. Avery. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 J. A. Inglis, J. L. Noell. 
 
 1. W. A. Owens, 4. J. Chestnut, Jr., 
 
 2. B. T. Watts, 5. F. W. Pickens, 
 
 3. J. J. Pickens, 6. J. L. Manning. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 W. H. Stiles, 
 
 1. J. L. Harris, 
 
 2. L, J. Gartrell, 
 
 3. Thomas M. Fournan, 
 
 4. J. W. Lewis, 
 
 J. N. Ramsay. 
 
 5. S. Hall, 
 
 6. J. P. Simmons, 
 
 7. J. P. Saffold, 
 
 8. T. W. Thomas. 
 
 M. A. Long, W. D. Barnes. 
 
 1. George W. Call. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 W. L. Yancey, J. W. A. Sandford. 
 
 1. L. P. Walker, 4. J. D. Rathers, 
 
 2. J. G. Barr, 5. J. L. Pugh, 
 
 3. A. B. Meek, 6. W. O. Winston, 
 
 7. J. L. M. Curry. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 C. S. Tarpley, J. W. Matthews. 
 
 1. J. F. Cushman, 3. B. Matthews, 
 
 2. J. A. Orr, 4. William M. Estelle, 
 
 5. H. T. Ellett. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 C. J. Villerre, ' W. A. Elmore. 
 
 1. T. Landry, 3. T. O. Moore, 
 
 2. J. McVea, 4. H. Cray. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 William R. Scurry, M. D. Ector. 
 
 1. A. J. Hood, 2. A. J. Hamilton. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 L. H. Hempstead, N. B. Burrow. 
 
 1. J. J. Green, 2. J. McCoy. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 W. H. Polk, 
 
 1. J. G. Harris, 
 
 2. E. L. Gardenhire, 
 
 3. S. Pawel, 
 
 4. E. A. Keeble, 
 
 5. J. M. McKenry, 
 
 D. M. Key. 
 C..J. H. Thomas, 
 
 7. J. J. Brown, 
 
 8. G. G. Poindexter, 
 
 9. J. D. C. Atkins, 
 10. 1). M. Currin. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 E. Hise, J. A. Finn. 
 
 1. J. W. Stevenson, 6. Benjamin F. Rice, 
 
 2. S. Cravens, 7. William D. Reed, 
 
 3. I. T. Hawkins, 8. R. W. Wooley. 
 
 4. B. Magoffin, 9. R. H. Stanton, 
 
 5. George W. Williams, 10 Hiram Kelsey. 
 
 C. B. Smith, 
 
 1. J. Perkins, 
 
 2. R. M. Corwine, 
 
 3. P. Odlin, 
 
 4. J. S. Couklin, 
 
 5. William Taylor, 
 
 6. E. P. Evans, 
 
 7. W. H. P. Denny, 
 
 8. J. R. Hubbell, 
 
 9. R. G. Pennington, 
 10. F. Cleaveland, 
 
 21. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 J. B. Stallo. 
 
 11. J. Welch, 
 
 12. D. Humphrey, 
 
 13. H. D. Cooke, 
 
 14. E. Pardee, 
 1.5. J. M. Hodge, 
 IG. Davis Green, 
 
 17. M. Pennington, 
 
 18. J. S. Herrick, 
 
 19. A. Wilcox, 
 
 20. J. Dumas, 
 V. E. Burs. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 F. 0. Beaman, 0. Johnson. 
 
 1. H. Chamberlain, 3. C. H. Miller, 
 
 2. W. H. Withney., 4. Thomas J. Drake. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 G. N. Fitch, 
 
 1. S. H. Buskirk, 
 
 2. J. M. Hanna, 
 
 3. W. T. Parrett, 
 
 4. L S. McClelland, 
 
 5. S. K. Wolfe, 
 
 M. M. Ray. 
 
 6. 0. Evarts, 
 
 7. S. W. Short, 
 
 8. F. P. Randall, 
 
 9. D. D. Jones, 
 10. S. Mickle, 
 
 11. E. Johnson. 
 
 A . M. Harrington, 
 
 1. M. L. Jnslyn, 
 
 2. Hugh Maher, 
 
 3. R. Holloway, 
 
 4. I. P. Richmond, 
 
 D. F. Miller, 
 1. W. M. Stone, 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 C. H. Constable. 
 
 5. S. W. Moulton, 
 
 6. O. B. Ficklin, 
 
 7. W. A. J. Sparks, 
 
 8. J. B. Logan. 
 
 H. T. Downey. 
 2. H. 0. Connor. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 A. 01 vera, 
 1. P. Delia Torre, 
 
 George Freaner. 
 2. A. C. Bradford. 
 
 MISSOURL 
 
 J. B. Henderson, J. B. Benjamin. 
 
 1. W. Y. Slack, 4. J. T. Coffee, 
 
 2. J. N. Burns, .5. F. Kenneth, 
 
 3. J. W. Torbert, 6. W. D. McCracken, 
 
 7. B. Cooke. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 E. D. Holton, W. D. Mclndoe. 
 
 1. I. H. Knowlton, 2. Billie Williams, 
 
 8. G. Menzel. 
 
 NINETEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 
 1861. 
 
 Abraham Linloln was elected President, receiv- 
 ig the vote of California. Connecticut, Illinois, In- 
 diana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Miune- 
 
534 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 sota, New Hampshire, New Jersey (4), New York, 
 Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rliode Island, Vermont, 
 and Wisconsin, — 180. John C. Breckinridge received 
 the vote of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, 
 Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 
 Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, — 72. John Bell 
 received the entire vote of Kentucky, Tennessee, and 
 Virginia, — 39. Stephen A. Douglas received the vote 
 of Missouri and New Jersey (3), — 12. Hannibal 
 Ha.mmn was elected Vice-President, receiving 180 ; 
 wliile Joseph Lane received 72 ; Edward Everett 39 ; 
 and Herschel V. Johnson 12. The electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 William Willis, Abner Coburn 
 
 1. Louis 0. Cowan, 4. William McGilvery, 
 
 2. Daniel Howes. 5. Andrew Peters, 
 
 8. George W. Pickering, 6. William M. Reed. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 John Sullivan, Ebenezer Stevens. 
 
 1. David Gillis, 2. Nathaniel Tolles, 
 
 3. Daniel Blaisdell. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 George Morey, 
 
 1. James H. Mitchell, 
 
 2. John M. Forbes, 
 
 3. C'harles Mattoon, 
 
 4. John G. Whittier, 
 
 5. John Nesmith, 
 
 Alfred Macy. 
 G. Charles B. Hall, 
 
 7. Reuben A. Chapman, 
 
 8. Gerry W. Cochrane, 
 
 9. Aniasa Walker, 
 10. Peleg W. Chandler, 
 
 11. Charles Field. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Thomas G. Turner, Latimer W. Ballou. 
 
 1. Elisha Harris, 2. David Buftum. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 William Henry, Henry G. Root. 
 
 1. Joseph Warner, 2. Edward A. Cahoon, 
 
 3. D. W. C. Clarke. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 C. F. Cleveland, Roger S. Baldwin. 
 
 1. Samuel Austin, 8. Benjamin Douglas, 
 
 2. Augustus Braudegee, 4. Frederick Wood. 
 
 NEW 
 
 William C. Bryant, 
 John A. King, 
 Andrew Carrigan, 
 Frederick Kapp, 
 William A. Darling, 
 Rufus H. King, 
 John P. Winslow, 
 N. Edson Sheldon, 
 Henry Churchill, 
 Benj. N. Huntington, 
 John J. Foote, 
 William Van Marter, 
 Frank L. Jones, 
 Ezra M. Parsons, 
 John Greiner, Jr., 
 Edwards W. Fiske, 
 James Kelly, 
 
 33. Elisha 
 
 YORK, 
 
 James 0. Putnam. 
 
 17. Washington Smith, 
 
 18. William H. Robertson, 
 
 19. Jacob B. Carpenter, 
 
 20. Jacob H. Ten Eyck, 
 
 21. Robert S. Hale, 
 
 22. James R. AUaben, 
 
 23. Sherman D. Phelps, 
 
 24. Hiram Dewey, 
 
 25. John E. Seeley, 
 
 26. James S. Wadsworth, 
 
 27. Charles C. Parker, 
 
 28. James Parker, 
 
 29. Sigismund Kaufmann, 
 
 30. George M. Grier, 
 
 31. Abijah Beckwith, 
 
 32. James L. Voorhees, 
 S. Whalen. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 William Cook, Joel Parker. 
 
 Theodore Runyon, 3. George H. Brown, 
 
 Joseph C. Hornblower, 4. Edward W. Ivins, 
 
 5. Charles E. Elmer. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 James Pollock, Thomas M. Howe. 
 
 1. Edward C. Knight, 4. Robert M. Foust, 
 
 2. Robert P. King, 5. Nathan Hilles, 
 
 3. Henry Bumm, 6. John M. Broomall, 
 
 7. James W. Fuller, 
 
 8. David E. Stout, 
 
 9. Francis W. Christ, 
 
 10. David Mumma, Jr., 
 
 11. David Taggart, 
 
 12. Thomas R. Hull, 
 
 16. A. Brady Sharpe, 
 
 17. Daniel O. Gehr, 
 
 18. Samuel Calvin, 
 
 19. Edgar Cowan, 
 
 20. William McKennan, 
 
 21. John M. Kirkpatrick, 
 
 13. Francis B. Penneman, 22. James Kerr, 
 
 14. LTlysses Mercur, 23. Richard P. Roberts, 
 
 15. George Bressler, 24. Henry Souther, 
 
 25. John Greer. 
 
 DEL.AWARE. 
 
 Samuel Jefferson, John Mustard. 
 
 1. Robert B. Houston. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 E. Lewis Lowe, James L. Martin. 
 
 1. Elias Griswold, 4. T. Parkin Scott, 
 
 2. John Brooke Boyle, 5. John Ritchie, 
 
 3. Joshua Vansant, 6. James S. Franklin. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Thomas Bruce, 
 
 1. Lemuel J. Bowden, 
 
 2. John J. Jackson, 
 
 3. F. T. Anderson, 
 
 4. B. H. Shackelford, 
 
 5. A. B. Caldwell, 
 
 6. L. H. Chandler 
 
 Marmaduke Johnson. 
 
 7. Joseph Christian, 
 
 8. William Lamb, 
 
 9. John R, Edmunds, 
 
 10. James Lyons, 
 
 11. Richard B. Clavbrook, 
 
 12. William H. Anthony, 
 
 13. J. W. Massie. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Alfred M. Scales, 
 
 1. John W. Moore, 
 
 2. William B. Rodman, 
 
 3. William A. Allen, 
 
 4. A. W. Venable, 
 
 E. Graham Haywood. 
 
 5. J. R. McLean, 
 
 6. John M. Clement, 
 
 7. J. A. Fox, 
 
 8. John A. Dickson. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Andrew P. Calhoun, William E. Martin. 
 
 1. Thomas Y. Simmes, 4. Tilman Watson, 
 
 2. John Williams, 5. Josepli F. Gist, 
 
 3. George P. Elliott, 6. Robert G. McCaw. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 A. H. Colquitt, H. R. Jackson. 
 
 1. Peter Cone. 5. Lewis Tumlin, 
 
 2. William M. Slaughter, 6. Hardy Strickland, 
 
 3. 0. C. Gibson, 7. W. A" Lofton, 
 
 4. Hugh Buchanan, 8. William M. Mcintosh. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 W. H. Wadsworth, 
 
 1. Q. Q. Quigley, 
 
 2. S. A. Seavell, 
 
 3. William Sampson, 
 
 4. W. A. Hoskins, 
 
 5. Phil Lee, 
 
 E. L. Van Winkle. 
 William M. Fulkerson, 
 
 7. William C. Bullock, 
 
 8. John M. Harlan, 
 
 9. John B. Huston, 
 10. W. S. Rankin. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Bailie Peyton, 
 J. W. Deaderich, 
 O. P. Temple, 
 Alfred Caldwell, 
 S. S. Stanton, 
 Ed. J. GoUoday, 
 
 N. G. Taylor. 
 
 6. William F. Kercheval, 
 
 7. John C. Brown, 
 
 8. John F. House, 
 
 9. Alvin Hawkins. 
 
 10. Benjamin D. Nabers. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Fred'k Hassaurek, 
 
 1. Benjamin Eggleston, 11. 
 
 2. William M. Dickson, 12. 
 
 3. Frank McWhiney, 13. 
 
 4. John Riley Knox, 14. 
 
 5. Dresden W. H. Howard,15. 
 
 6. John M. Kellum, 
 
 7. Nelson Rush, 
 
 8. Abraham Thomson, 
 
 9. John F. Henkle, 
 10. Hezekiah S. Bundy, 
 
 21. Norman K. 
 
 Joseph M. Root. 
 Daniel B. Stewart, 
 Richard P. L. Baber, 
 John Beatty, 
 Willard Slocum, 
 Joseph Ankeny, 
 Edward Ball, 
 John A. Davenport, 
 William K. LTphara, 
 Samuel B. Philbrick, 
 
 . George W. Brooke, 
 
 Mackenzie. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 535 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 0. Rousseau, B. Avegiio. 
 
 1. Trasimoiid Laudry, 3. J. G. Olivier, 
 3. B. B. Siinmes, 4. W. M. Levy. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 A. K. Blythe, J. A. Green. 
 
 1. Thomas W. Harris, 3. P. F. Liddell, 
 3. Richard Harrison, 4. J. B. C'hrisman, 
 
 5. Livingston Mims. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 John L. Mansfield, Cyrus M. Allen. 
 
 1. M. C. Hunter, 
 
 2. Nelson Trusler, 
 
 3. John Hanna, 
 
 4. James N. Tyner, 
 
 5. David 0. DaUey, 
 
 6. WillCumback, 
 
 7. John W. Ray. 
 
 8. John H. F'arquhar, 
 
 9. Reuben H. Riley, 
 10. Samuel A. Huff, 
 
 11. Isaac Jenkinson. 
 
 Leonard Sweet, 
 
 1. Lawrence Weldon, 
 
 2. James Stark, 
 
 8. H. P. H. Bromwell, 
 4. John M. Palmer, 
 
 Allen C. Fuller. 
 5. William B. Plato, 
 (3. William P. Kellogg 
 
 7. James C. Conkling, 
 
 8. Thomas G. AUeu, 
 
 9. John Oluey. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 David Hubbard, John T. Morgan. 
 
 1. J. S. Dickinson, 4. J. W. Garrott, 
 
 2. Ely S. Shorter, 5. John S. Kennedy, 
 
 3. C. A. Battle. 6. R. C. Brickell, 
 
 7. E. W. Cobb. 
 
 MISSOTJBI. 
 
 John B Henderson, Robert S. Bevier. 
 
 1. John B. Hale, 4. Mordecai Oliver, 
 
 3. Jas. F. V. Thomson, 5. E. T. Wingo, 
 3. George G. Vest, 6. Francis Hagan, 
 
 7. Richard H. Stevens. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 William W. Floyd, Theodric F. Sorrels. 
 
 1. William W. Leake, 3. George W. Taylor. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Hezekiah G. Wells, Rufus Hosmer. 
 
 1. George W. Lee, 3. Philotas Hayden, 
 
 3. Edward Dorsch, 4. Augustus Coburn. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 George W. Call, J. Patton Anderson. 
 
 1. J. Myrick Gorrie. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 M. D. Graham, Thomas M. Waul. 
 
 1. A. T. Rainey, 3. John A. Wharton. 
 
 Fitz Henry Warren, Joseph A. Chapliue. 
 
 1. M. L. McPherson, 3. Charles Pomeroy. 
 
 ■WISCONSIN. 
 
 Walter D. Mclndoe, Bradford Risford. 
 
 1. J. Allen Barber, 3. William W. Vaughan, 
 
 3. Herman Linderman. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Cbas. A. Washburn, W. H. Weeks. 
 
 1. Charles A. Tuttle, 3. Antonio M. Pico. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 Stephen Miller, William Pfaender. 
 
 1. Clark W. Thompson, 3. Charles McClure. 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 T. J. Dryer, B. J. Pengra. 
 
 1. WilUam H. Watkina. 
 
 TWENTIETH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 
 1865. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln was elected President for a 
 second term, receiving the votes of Maine, Massa- 
 chusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, 
 Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, 
 Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota) 
 Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, West Virginia, Oregon, 
 California, and Nevada,— 213. George B. McClellan 
 received the vote of New Jersey, Delaware, and Ken- 
 tucky, — 31. Andrew Johnson was elected Vice- 
 President, receiving 313 ; while George H. Pendleton 
 received 21. The Electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 John B. Brown, Abner Stetson. 
 
 1. R. M. Chapman, 3. Going Hatheaa, (jrvu 
 
 3. John N. Swasey, 4. William P. Frye, 
 
 5. B. P. Oilman. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Daniel M. Christie, Wm. H. Y. Haskett. 
 
 1. A. H. Duulap, 2. Allen Giffin, 
 
 3. Henry 0. Kent. 
 
 MASS.iCIIUSETTS. 
 Edward Everett, Whiting Griswold. 
 
 6. John G. Whittier, 
 
 7. Levi Lincoln, 
 
 8. George Putnam, 
 
 9. George L. Davis, 
 
 1. Richard Borden, 
 
 3. John M. S. Williams 
 
 3. Stephen M. Weld, 
 
 4. John Wells, 
 
 5. Artemas Hale, 
 
 10. William S. Clarke. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 R. B. Cranston, William L. Slater. 
 
 1. Rouse Babcock, 3. Simeon Henry Greene. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Daniel Kellogg, A. L. Catlin. 
 
 1. S. M. Dorr, 3. R. Fletcher, 
 
 3. James W. Simpson. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 John T. Wait, O. F. Winchester. 
 
 1. James G. Batterson, 3. Samuel C. Hubbard, 
 
 2. Frederick A. Benjamin, 4. Sabin L. Sayers. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 Horace Greeley, Preston King. 
 
 1. Obadiah Browne, 16. Alonzo W. Morgan, 
 
 2. George Ricard, 17. Ebenezer Blakeley, 
 
 3. Thomas B. Asten, 18. Thomas Kiugsford, 
 
 4. Guy R. Pelton, 19. Jedediah Dewey, 
 
 5. Charles L. Beale, 30. Joseph Candee, 
 
 6. Cornelius L. Allen, 21. William H. McKinney, 
 
 7. Allen C. Churchill, 22. George Opdyke, 
 
 8. John R. Knox, 23. James W. Taylor, 
 
 9. John E. Seeley. 34. John Tweddle, 
 
 10. William Bristol, 2.5. Hiram Horton, 
 
 11. James S. T. Stranahan,26. John Clarke, 
 
 13. Abram J. Dittenhoefer,27. George W. Bradford, 
 
 13. Isaac T. Smith. 28. Myron H. Weaver, 
 
 14. Alexander Davidson, 39. John P. Darling, 
 
 15. Thaddeus Halt, 30. James Alley, 
 
 31. John W. Stebbins. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 William Paterson, Furman L. Mulford. 
 
 1. Thomas McKeen, 3. Wm. P. McMichael. 
 
 3. F. S. Lathrop, 4. John McGregor, 
 
 5. Charles R. Cornwall. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Morton McMichael, Thomas Cunningham. 
 
 1. R. P. King, 3. Robert Parke. 
 
 3. William H. Kern, 4. Edward Halliday, 
 
536 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 5. Charles H. Shriner, 
 
 6. B. W. Woods, 
 
 7. Samuel B. Dick, 
 
 8. Everard Bierer, 
 
 9. Morrison Coates, 
 
 10. Barton H. Jenks, 
 
 11. William Taylor, 
 
 12. Charles F. Read, 
 
 13. John P. Clark, 
 
 14. Isaac Benson, 
 
 1.5. John P. Penney, 
 
 16. Richard H. Coryell, 
 
 17. Heurv Humni, 
 
 18. C. M.'Runk, 
 
 19. John A. Hiestand, 
 
 20. Elias W. Hale, 
 
 21. D. McConaughy, 
 23. John Patton, 
 
 23. C. McJunkin, 
 
 24. J. W. Blauchard. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Victor DuPont, Ayera Stockley. 
 
 1. HarbersoD Hickman. 
 
 M.\BT1,AND. 
 
 W. J. Albert, H. H. Goldsborough. 
 
 1. W. H. W. Farrow, 3. William Smith Reese, 
 
 2. Isaac Nesbit, 4. George W. Sands, 
 
 5. R. Stockett Matthews. 
 
 KENTCCKT. 
 
 Thornton F. Marshall, 
 
 1. T. A. Duke, 5. 
 
 2. William Barbour, 6. 
 
 3. 6. S. Shanklin, 7. 
 4 B. C. Ritter, 
 
 John B. Huston. 
 B. F. BuUode, 
 H. Taylor, 
 F. L. Cleveland, 
 A. H. Ward, 
 
 9. G. W. Dunlap. 
 
 John M. Connell, 
 
 1. John K. Green, 
 
 2. Stephen Johnston, 
 
 3. Henry W. Smith, 
 
 4. William Sheffield. 
 
 5. James R. Stanberg, 
 
 6. Lorenzo Danford, 
 
 7. Abner Kellogg, 
 
 8. Stanley Matthews, 
 
 9. William L. Walker, 
 
 19. Seth 
 
 David S. Gooding, 
 
 1. James C. Dennis, 
 
 2. Leonidas Sexton, 
 
 3. Jonathan J. Wright, 
 
 4. James B. Belford, 
 
 5. John M. Wallace, 
 
 John P. Buhn. 
 
 10. Ozias Bowen, 
 
 11. George A. Walker, 
 13. John H. McCombs, 
 
 13. John McCook, 
 
 14. Lewis B Yuuckel, 
 
 15. Mills Gardner, 
 
 16. Jacob Scraggs, 
 
 17. Henry F. Page, 
 
 18. Frederick W. Wood, 
 Marshall. 
 
 R. W. Thompson. 
 
 6. Cyrus T. Nixon, 
 
 7. Benjamin F. Claypool, 
 
 8. John Osborn, 
 
 9. Timotliv R. Dickinson, 
 10. H. R. Pritchard, 
 
 11. Robert P. Davidson. 
 
 John Douarherty, Francis A. Hoffman. 
 
 1. Benjamin F. Prentiss, 8. Zeolotes S. Clifford, 
 
 M. T. Hopkins, 
 
 3. William Walker, 
 
 4. James C. Conkling, 
 
 5. N. M. McCurdy, 
 
 6. James S. Poage, 
 
 7. Thomas W. Harris, 
 
 9. John V. Farwell, 
 
 10. Henry S. Baker, 
 
 11. Austin S. Miller, 
 13. John J. Bennett, 
 
 13. Franklin Blades, 
 
 14. John v. Eustace. 
 
 MISSOUKL 
 
 C. D. Drake, S. 0. Scofield. 
 
 1. Lucien Eaton, [er, 5. W. Smith Ingham, 
 
 2. Harrison J. Lindenbow- 6. Joseph C. Killian, 
 
 3. J. C. Parker, 7. G. K. Smith, 
 
 4. Barnabas Smith. 8. C. Carpenter, 
 
 9. Thomas G. C. Fagg. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 Robert R. Beecher, Marsh Giddings. 
 
 1. Thomas D. Gilbert, 
 
 2. O. D. Conger, 
 
 3. F. Walldorf, 
 
 4. George W. Back, 
 
 5. Christian Eberbacli, 
 
 6. J. Eugene Tenney. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 William W. Field, Henry L. Blood. 
 
 1. George C. Northrop, 4. Henry F. Belitz, 
 
 2. Henry J. Turner, 5. Allen Warden, 
 
 3. Jonathan Bowman, 6. Alexander S. McDill. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 Charles B. Darwin, William Thompson. 
 
 1. John Van Volkenburg, 4. B. T. Hunt, 
 
 2. G. C. Mudgett, 5. Frank W. Palmer, 
 
 3. Samuel S. Burdett, 6. Henry C. Henderson. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Warner Oliver, William W. Crane. 
 
 1. C. Maclay, 2. Samuel Brannan, 
 
 3. J. G. McCallum. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 Charles H. Lindsley, J. N. Murdoch. 
 
 1. J. G. Betze, 
 
 2. J. W. Morford, 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 R. McBratney, W. F. Cloud. 
 
 1. Chester Thomas. 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 James F. Gazley, H. N. George. 
 
 1. George L. Wood. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 EUery R. Hall, Wm. E. Stevenson. 
 
 1. J. H. Atkinson, 2. Edward C. Bunker, 
 
 3. Robert S. Brown. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 Alex. W. Baldwin, Stephen T. Gage. 
 
 [This State was entitled to a third Elector ; but the 
 person chosen died before attending the College of 
 Electors.] 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 
 1869. 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant was elected President, re- 
 ceiving the votes of Maine, New Hampshire, Ver- 
 mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
 Pennsylvania, West Virginia. North Carolina. South 
 Carolina, Alaljama, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ohio, Indi- 
 ana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, 
 Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Nevada, and 
 Florida, — 314. Horatio Seymour received the vote of 
 New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Georgia, 
 Louisiana, Kentucky," and Oregon, — 80. Schcti.eb 
 Colfax was elected Vice-President, receiving 314 
 votes, while Francis P. Blair, Jr., received 80. Vir- 
 ginia, Mississippi, and Texas, not having accepted the 
 terms of reconstruction prescribed by Congress, were 
 not allowed to vote. The Electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 George L. Beal, Saml. P. Strickland. 
 
 1. William Hobson, 3. Dennis L. Milliken, 
 
 3. Amos Nourse, 4. Henry O. Perry, 
 
 5. Ebenezer Knowlton. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Amos Paul, Joel Eastman. 
 
 1. Mason W. Tappan, 3. Edward L. Goddard, 
 
 3. Albert M. Shaw. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 George W. Grandey, Horace Fairbanks. 
 
 1. George A. Merrill, 2. R. W. Clarke, 
 
 3. George Wilkins. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 537 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 David Sears, 
 
 1. Richard L. Pease, 
 
 2. William Mason, 
 
 3. William Whiting, 
 
 4. Frank B. Fay, 
 
 5. James N. Buffum, 
 
 John H. Clifford. 
 
 6. George Coggswell, 
 
 7. J. Wiley Edmunds, 
 
 8. Paul Whitin, 
 
 9. Charles A. Stevens, 
 10. Milton B. Whitney. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 George H. Norman, James T. Edwards. 
 
 1. James M. Pendleton, 2. Seth Paddleford. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Joseph R. Hawley, 
 I.Clark Holt, 
 2. Luther Boardman, 
 
 Henry W. Slocum, 
 
 1. Lewis A. Edwards, 
 
 2. Isaac Van Anden, 
 
 3. George L. Fox, 
 
 4. Joseph Dowling, 
 
 5. Oswald Ottendorfer, 
 
 6. Emanuel B. Hart, 
 
 7. Charles E. Loew, 
 
 8. J. M. Sweeney, 
 
 9. Edward Jones, 
 
 10. George B. Pentz, 
 
 11. E. A. Clark, 
 
 12. D. Van Schaick, 
 
 13. M. B. Matt ice, 
 
 14. James Rov, 
 
 15. J. H. Colby, 
 
 31. T. 
 
 William Fitch. 
 
 3. Henry Bill, 
 
 4. George Dudley. 
 
 YORK. 
 
 Delos De Wolf. 
 IG. R. G. Stone, 
 
 17. F. D. Flanders, 
 
 18. D. D. Campbell, 
 
 19. S. B. Champion, 
 
 20. DeWitt C. West, 
 
 21. James McQuade, 
 
 22. M. J. Schoolcraft, 
 
 23. Oliver Porter, 
 
 24. James McLean, 
 
 25. William C. Dryer, 
 
 26. Benjamin N. Loomis, 
 
 27. William R. Judson, 
 
 28. William C. Rowley, 
 
 29. J. G. Shephard, 
 
 30. William G. Fargo, 
 D. Copp. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 Peter D. Vroom, AdolpU Schalk. 
 
 1. Albert H. Slape, 3. James K. Swayze, 
 
 2. William A. Lowe, 4. Ralph S. Dem'arest, 
 
 5. Joseph P. Randolph. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 G. Morrison Coates, Thos. M, Marshall. 
 
 1. William H. Barnes, 13. Samuel Knorr, 
 
 2. William J. Pollock, 
 
 3. Richard Wilder, 
 
 4. George W. Hil), 
 
 5. Watson P. McGill, 
 
 6. John H. Bringhurst 
 
 7. Frank C. Heaton, 
 
 8. Isaac Eckert, 
 
 9. Maris Hoopes, 
 
 10. David M. Rank, 
 
 11. William Davis, 
 
 14. Benj. F. Wagonseller, 
 
 15. Charles H. Mullen, 
 
 16. John Stewart, 
 
 17. George W. Elder, 
 
 18. Jacob Grafius, 
 
 19. James Sill, 
 
 20. Henry C. Johnson, 
 
 21. John K. Ewing, 
 
 22. William Frew, 
 
 23. Alex. W. Crawford, 
 
 12. Winth'p W. Ketcham, 24. James S. Rutan. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Andrew C. Gray, James P. Wild. 
 
 1. William A. Scribner. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 George M. Gill, J. Thomson Mason. 
 
 1. A. Constable, 3. H. Clay Dallam, 
 
 2. W. T. Allender, 4. Charles B. Roberts, 
 
 5. George Peter. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 A. W. Campbell, Robert S. Brown. 
 
 1. Nathan Goff, 2. J. Marshall Hagans, 
 
 3. William H. Powell. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Byron Laflin, Joseph W. Holden. 
 
 1. Hiram E. Stilley, 4. John A. McDonald, 
 
 2. Curtis H. Brogden, 5. H. A. Badham, 
 
 3. A. H. Golloway, 6. Rufus Barringer, 
 
 7. W. S. Pearson. 
 
 SOUTH CAKOLINA. 
 
 D. H. Chamberlain, Chas. J. Stolbrand. 
 
 1. S. A. Swails, 3. A.J. Rausier, 
 
 2. B. F. Randolph,* 4. J. M. Allen. 
 
 GEORGIA, 
 
 John B. Gordon, 
 
 1. John C. Nichols, 
 
 2. Charles T. Goode, 
 
 3. Raphael Moses 
 
 John T. Clark. 
 
 4. Augustus O. Bacon, 
 
 5. J. B. Cumming, 
 
 6. H. P. Bell, 
 
 7. James D. Waddell. 
 
 ALABAMA 
 
 Charles C. Crowe, 
 
 1. A. E. Buck, 
 
 2. Thomas O. Glascock, 
 
 3. R. S. Heflin, 
 
 Joshua Morse. 
 
 4. William J. Gilmore, 
 
 5. D. L. Nicholson, 
 0. Charles C. Sheets. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 George W. Race, W 
 
 1. A. Sambola, 
 
 2. M. B. Brady, 
 
 F. Blackmarm. 
 
 3. Charles Ward, 
 
 4. S. J. Powell, 
 
 5. F. M. Goodrich. 
 
 AKKANSAS. 
 
 William H. Gray, Oliver A. Hadley. 
 
 1. J. Pat. Farrelly, 2. Oliver P. Snyder, 
 
 3. M. L. Stevenson. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 DeWitt C. Senter, H. H. Harrison. 
 
 1. A. H. Pettibone, 5. D. W. Peabody, 
 
 2. D. M. Nelson, G. O. F. Brown, 
 
 3. William W. Woodcock, 7. W. M. Hall, 
 
 4. Thomas H. Coldwell, 8. T. C. Muse. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Frank Wolford, 
 
 1. J. M. Bigger, 
 
 2. A. K. Bradley, 
 
 3. William W. Bush, 
 
 4. A. H. Field, 
 
 Jesse D. Bright. 
 
 5. Boyd Winchester, 
 
 6. A. B. Chambers, 
 
 7. George W. Craddock, 
 
 8. Harris Cockerill, 
 
 9. John M. Bice. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 David Todd, Samuel Galloway. 
 
 1. John G. OMen, 10. Hiram Freaz, 
 
 2. Stanley Matthews, 11. John J. Harper, 
 
 3. Andrew G. McBurney, 12. P. M. Wagenhals, 
 
 4. Jonathan Cranor, 13. W. D. Hamilton, 
 
 5. David Thompson, 14. S. M. Barber, 
 
 6. David H. Bailey. 15. Levi Barber, 
 
 7. Charles C. Walcutt, 16. Isaac Welch, 
 
 8. L. B. Matson, 17. Ed. F. Schneider, 
 
 9. Luther A. Hall, 18. Stephen H. Pitkin, 
 
 19. Frederick Kinsman. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Thomas H. Nelson, 
 
 1. A. L. Robinson, 
 
 2. William P. Jones, 
 
 3. John Schwartz, 
 
 4. Jolin H. Farquhar, 
 
 5. Samuel P. Oyler, 
 
 11. Jasper Packard. 
 
 Benj. F. Claypool. 
 
 6. E. E. Rose, 
 
 7. R. W. Harrison, 
 
 8. J. M. Justice, 
 
 9. J. H. Mellett, 
 10 Milo S. Hascall, 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Chas. M. Crosswell, John Burt. 
 
 1. William Daeltz, 
 
 2. Charles W. Chisbee, 
 
 3. Charles T. Gorham, 
 
 4. Byron M. Cutcheon, 
 
 5. Giles Hubbard, 
 
 6. Michael T. C. Pleasner. 
 
538 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Qustavus Kcerner, 
 
 1. Loreiiz Brentano, 
 
 2. Jesse S. Hildrup, 
 
 3. James McCoy, 
 
 4. Henry W. Draper, 
 
 5. Thomas G. Frost, 
 
 6. Joseph Glover, 
 
 7. John W. Blackburn, 
 
 Step'n A. Hurlburt. 
 
 8. Samuel C. Parks, 
 
 9. James C. Irwin, 
 
 10. John D. Strong, 
 
 11. Edward Kitchell, 
 
 12. Charles F. Springer, 
 
 13. Daniel W. Munn, 
 
 14. Thos. J. Henderson. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 S. S. Barlow, Henrv D. Barron. 
 
 1. Elihu Enos, 4. L. F. Frisbv, 
 
 2. Charles G. Williams, 5. William G."Ritch, 
 
 3. Allen Warden, 6. J. M. Rusk. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 Thomas G. Jones, W. G. Rambusch. 
 
 1. Charles T. Brown, 2. Oscar Malmros. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 Samuel L. Glasgow, J. B. Young. 
 
 1. Hiram Schofield, 4. John Meyer, 
 
 2. James T. Lane, 5. Wm. Hale, 
 
 3. J. W. Rogers, 6. S. H. TafEt. 
 
 MISSOTTIII. 
 
 Carl Schurz, 
 
 1. Chauncey I. Filley, 
 
 2. George Husmann, 
 
 3. E. S. Waterbury, 
 
 4. J. P. Tracy, 
 
 J. D. Hines. 
 
 5. Thos. E. Bassett, 
 
 6. Louis Georgens, 
 
 7. Lewie H. Wetherby, 
 
 8. William S. Wenz, 
 
 9. Theodore Bruere. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Isaac S. Kalloch, D. R. Antbony. 
 
 1. A. H. Hortou. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 T. M. Marquett, Louis Allgewahr. 
 
 1. J. F. Warner. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 0. H. LaGrange, John B. Felton. 
 
 1. James G. Hoffman, 3. Alfred Reddington, 
 
 3. Charles Westmoreland. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 Charles E. DeLong, A. L. Page. 
 
 1. J. W. Haines. 
 
 S. F. Chad wick, Jobn Burnett. 
 
 1. James H. Slater. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 James D. Green, Robert Meacham. 
 
 1. John W. Butler. 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 
 —1873. 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant was elected President, receiv- 
 ing the votes of Alabama, California, Connecticut, 
 Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, 
 Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis- 
 sissippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New 
 Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, 
 Pennsj'lvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, 
 Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, — 286. 
 Horace Greeley was the opposing candidate when the 
 Electors were chosen, but having died before the 
 meeting of the College, the votes were cast for 
 Tliomas A. Hendricks 43, B. Gratz Brown 18, Charles 
 J. Jenkins 2, and David Davis 1, — by the States of 
 Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas, 
 
 Tennessee, and Texas, — 63. Henrt Wilson was 
 elected Vice-President, receiving 286 votes, while 
 the balance of 63 were cast for various candidates. 
 The Electors were : 
 
 MAINE. 
 Samuel E. Spring, Alexander Campbell. 
 
 1. James H, MoMulleu, 3. James Erskine, 
 
 2. John H. Kimball, 4. Mordecai Mitcliell, 
 
 5. Wm. McGilvery, 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Lyman D. Stevens, Benjamin J. Cole. 
 
 1. Phineas Adams, 2. William Haile, 
 
 3. Benjamin F. VVhidden. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Harmon Canfield, Elisha P. Jewett. 
 
 1. Alanson Allen, 2. Abishai Stoddard^ 
 
 3. Romeo H. Start. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Ebenezer R. Hoar, John M. Forbes. 
 
 1. William Davis, 
 
 2. Harrison Tweed, 
 
 3. Alvan Simonds, 
 Edward H. Dunn, 
 
 5. Amos F. Breed. 
 
 6. Luther Day, 
 
 7. John C. Hoadley, 
 
 8. Aaron C. Maybew, 
 
 9. Stephen Salisbury, 
 10. Levi Stockbridge, 
 
 11. Henry Alexander, Jr. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Benjamin Finch, John H. Borden. 
 
 1. Henry Lippitt, 2. Henry Howard. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Henry P. Haven, Henry Farnam. 
 
 1. Julius Converse, 3. Lucius Briggs, 
 
 3. Charles Benedict, 4. Oliver Hoyt. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Frederick Douglass, Emil Sauer. 
 
 1. Stewart L. Woodford,17. Thomas Coleman, 
 
 2. John A. King, 18. Isaac Mott, 
 
 3. Simeon B. Chittenden, 19. Henrv R. James, 
 
 4. Horace B. Claflin, 20. Stephen Sanford, 
 ,5. Matthias J. Petry, 31. Bolivar Radeker, 
 
 William E, Dodge, 
 William Lairabeer, 
 Frederick Kuhne, 
 James W. Farr, 
 Joel W. Mason, 
 Salem H. Wales, 
 David D. Smith, 
 Stoddard Hammond, 
 John C. Newkirk, 
 Elisha M. Brigham, 
 Minard Harder, 
 
 22. Henry Spicer, 
 
 23. Samuel Campbell, 
 
 24. John E. Lvon, 
 
 25. Andrew D. White, 
 36. John H. Camp, 
 
 27. Kidder M. Scott, 
 
 28. Barna R. Johnson, 
 
 29. Martin Butts, 
 
 30. George H. Sickela, 
 
 31. Moses C. Richardson, 
 33. Pascal P. Pratt, 
 
 33. Nelson I. Norton. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Charles S. Olden, Selden T. Scranton. 
 
 1. Samuel H. Grey, 4. Hugh M. Gaston, 
 
 2. Alfred S. Livingston, 5. Edward A. Walton, 
 
 3. Amos Clark, Jr., 6. Fridolin 111, 
 
 7. Amadee Spadoue. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 Adolpli E. Borie, John M. Thompson, 
 
 1. Willinm D. Forten, 11. David K. Shoemaker, 
 
 2. Joseph A. Bonham, 13. David R. Miller, 
 
 3. Marcus A. Davis, 13. Lcander M. Morton, 
 
 4. Geo. Morrison Coates, 14. Theodore Strong, 
 .5. Henry Bumm. 15. John Passmore, 
 
 6. Theodore M. Wilson, 16. William J. Colegrove, 
 
 7. John M. Broomall, 17. Jesse Merrill, 
 
 8. Francis Shroder, 18. Henrv Orlady, 
 
 9. Mark H. Richards, 19. Robert Bell, 
 
 10. Edward H. Green, 20. Jasper M. Thompson, 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 539 
 
 21. Isaac Frazer, 34. Jolin J. Gillespie, 
 
 23. George W. Andrews, 2o. .James Patterson, 
 23. Henry Lloyd, 26. John W. Wallace, 
 
 27. Charles C. Boyd. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Benjamin S. Booth, William T. Collins. 
 
 1. David W. Moore. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 Aug. W. Bradford, Frederick Raine. 
 
 1. Philip D. Laird, 3. John M. Carter, 
 
 3. James B. Qroome, 4. James A. Buchanan, 
 
 5. William Walsh. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 W. E. Stevenson, Thomas B. Swann. 
 
 1. Charles F. Scott, 2. Thomas R. Carskaden, 
 
 3. Romeo H. Freer. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 S. F. Phillips, Marcus Erwin. 
 
 1. Dr. E. Ransom. 4. J. H. Headen, 
 
 2. W. F. Loftin, 5. H. C. Walser, 
 
 3. J. C. Abbott, 6. Dr. J. G. 
 
 7. J. M. Justice. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 D. H. Chamberlain, W. B. Nash, 
 
 Wm. Gurney. 
 
 1. S. A. Swails, 3. Henry Sparwick, 
 
 2. W. N. Taft, 4. T. J. Mackey. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Wm. T. Wofford, 
 1. Julian Hartridge, 
 3. Washington Poe, 
 
 3. H. G. Turner, 
 
 4. R. N. Ely, 
 
 9. E. D. Graham 
 
 Henry L. Banning. 
 
 5. Wm. J. Hnd-son, 
 
 6. James M. Pace, 
 
 7. Henry R. Casey, 
 
 8. J. N. Dorsey, 
 
 Lewis E. Parsons, 
 
 1. L. C. Coulson, 
 
 2. Wm. J. Gilmore. 
 8. Charles E. Mayer, 
 4. Wm. H. Black, 
 
 J. L. Pennington. 
 .5. J. J. McLemore, 
 
 6. Wm. B. .Jones, 
 
 7. Geo. W. Malone, 
 
 8. Eli F. Jennings. 
 
 LODISIAN.A. 
 
 M. F. Bonzano, Jules Lanabere, 
 
 Charles E. Halstead. 
 1. L. C. Rondanez, 3. Milton Morris, 
 
 3. A. K. Johnson, 4. J. Taylor, 
 
 5. John Ray. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 R. C. Newton, J. E. Cravens, I. H. Fleming.* 
 1. Poindexter Dunn, 2. G. P. Smoote, 
 
 3. W. O. Lattimore. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Wm. A. Quarles, 
 1. J. S. Fowler, 
 3. L. M. Jarvis, 
 
 3. J. D. Goodpasture, 
 
 4. A. L. Spears, 
 
 5. J. H. Lewis, 
 
 Jno. M. Fleming, 
 
 6. Joseph Motley, 
 
 7. N. N. Cox, 
 
 8. A. R. Langford, 
 
 9. S. W. Sharpe, 
 10. W. W. McDowell. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 "Jas. A. McKenzie, 
 
 1. Jas. M. Bigger, 
 
 2. Eli H. Brown, 
 
 3. R. S. Eerier, 
 
 4. J. M. Atherton, 
 
 5. Richard A. Jones, 
 
 Geo. B. Hodge. 
 
 6. W. C. P. Breckinridge, 
 
 7. R. E. Little, 
 
 8. A. L. Martin, 
 
 9. H. L. Stone, 
 10. H. Cox. 
 
 pl.ic 
 
 This name was sent to the Compiler, but seems to be out of 
 
 John C. Lee, 
 Jo.shua H. Bates, 
 William E. Davis, 
 Thomas Moore, 
 William Allen, 
 Matthew C. Hale, 
 George R. Haj-nes, 
 Marcus Boggs, 
 Charles Phellis, 
 John S. Jones, 
 
 10. Christopher C. Keech, 20. 
 
 Alphonso Hart. 
 Homer C. Jones, 
 Luther Donaldson, 
 Isaac Smucker, 
 Isaac M. Kirby, 
 Charles H. Grosvenor, 
 Jonathan T. Updegrafi, 
 Joshua A. Riddle, 
 John R. Buchtel, 
 Aaron Wilcox, 
 John C. Grannis, 
 
 INDIANA. 
 Jonathan W. Gordon, Joseph S. Buckles. 
 
 1. John Schwartz, 7. George W. Grubbs, 
 
 2. Isaac S. Moore, 8. James P. Johnston, 
 
 3. Daniel B. Kumler, 9. Benjamin F. Gregory, 
 
 4. Cyrus P. Nixon, 10. Calvin Cowgill, 
 
 5. James Y. Allison, 11. Robert S. Taylor, 
 
 6. John R. Goodwin, 12. Erastus W. H. Ellis, 
 
 13. Sidney Keith. 
 
 Eber B. Ward, 
 
 1. Herman Kiefer, 
 
 2. Frederick Waldorff, 
 
 3. James O'Donnell, 
 
 4. Lawson A. Duncan, 
 
 William A. Howard. 
 
 5. Alonzo Sessions, 
 
 6. Samuel G. Ives, 
 
 7. John L. Woods, 
 
 8. Charles L. Ortmann, 
 
 9. John F. Brown. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 Henry Greenebaum, David T. Linegar. 
 
 1. Chauncey T. Bowen, 10. Wm. D. Henderson, 
 
 2. Lester L. Bond, 
 
 3. Mahlon D. Ogden, 
 
 4. Richard L. Divine, 
 
 5. James Shaw, 
 
 6. Norman H. Ryan, 
 
 7. Irus Coy, 
 
 8. Joseph J. Cassell, 
 
 11. Moses M. Bane, 
 
 12. George A. Sanders, 
 
 13. Hugh Fullerton, 
 
 14. Martin B. Thompson, 
 
 15. Jacob W. Wilkin, 
 
 16. John P. Van Dorston, 
 
 17. John I. Rinaker, 
 
 9. William Selden Gale, 18. John Dougherty, 
 19. William H. Robinson. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 William E. Cramer, F. Fleischer. 
 
 1. Jerome S. Nickles, 5. Edward C. McFetridge, 
 
 2. George B. Swain, 
 
 3. Ormsby B. Thomas, 
 
 4. Frederick Hilgen, 
 
 6. George E. Hoskinson, 
 
 7. Remanzo Bunn, 
 
 8. Henry D. Barron. 
 
 L 
 
 J-\^, MINNESOTA. 
 
 William*. Marshall, Charles Kittleson, 
 1. Charles A. Coe, 2. M. S, Chandler, 
 
 3. Theodore Sander. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 Samuel J. Kirkwood, Christian Wullweber. 
 1. Sam uel_A^ Russell, 5. R. H. Gilmore, 
 
 3. James T. Lane, 
 
 3. Elijah Odell, 
 
 4. Enoch W. Eastman, 
 
 William A. Hatch, 
 
 1. Henry C. Haastick, 
 
 2. Arthur B. Barrett, 
 
 3. Warren Chase, 
 
 4. Iioundes H. Davis, 
 
 5. John H. Push, 
 
 6. William H.Phelps^ 
 
 6. James Coen, 
 
 7. Warren S. Dungan, 
 
 8. T. V. Shoup. 
 
 George W. Anderson. 
 
 7. P. M. Cockrell, 
 
 8. R. P. C. Wilson, 
 
 9. Adam N. Schuster, 
 
 10. Lewis C. Pace, 
 
 11. John B. Hale, 
 13. Felix T. Hughes, 
 
 18. John A. Hockaday. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Charles H. Langston, John Guthrie. 
 1. Louis Weil. 
 
540 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 Otto Funke, Silas A. Strickland. 
 
 1. George W. Heisli. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 T. H. Rose, I. E. Hale. 
 
 1. J. F. Miller, 3. C. Spractless, 
 
 2 J. 0. Goodwin, 4. J. B. Felton. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 John W. Jenkins, Jonathan B. Stovall. 
 
 1. W. W. Douglas, 5. L. A. Buckingham, 
 
 3. C. P. Ramsdell, 6. David J. Woodfin, 
 
 3. William C. Wickham, 7. Hector Davis, 
 
 4. Ross Hamilton. 8. William Williams, 
 
 9. G. G. Goodell. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 John H. Mills, William B. Taylor. 
 
 1. James W. Haines. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 E. Jeffords, T. J. Wharton. 
 
 1. Daniel B.Wright, 4. J. A. P. Campbell, 
 
 2. J. R. Chalmers, 5. William M. Hancock, 
 
 3. S. M. Meek, 6. T. R. Stockdale. 
 
 R. B. Hubbard, 
 
 
 A. T. Rainey. 
 
 1. B. H. E])person, 
 
 4. 
 
 John Ireland, 
 
 3. J. J. Good, 
 
 5. 
 
 S. H. Darden, 
 
 3. Thomas Harrison, 
 
 6. 
 
 J. M. Maxey 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 A. B. Meacham. W. D. Hare. 
 
 1. J. F. Gazley. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Alva A. Knight. David Montgomery, 
 
 1. James D. Tannehill, 3. W. G, Stewart. 
 
 ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTES FOR PRESIDENTS FROM 1789-1873. 
 
 Electoral 
 Vote. 
 
 Whole 
 No. of 
 Electors. 
 
 69 
 
 
 34 
 
 69 
 
 132 
 
 
 77 
 
 133 
 
 71 
 
 
 68 
 
 139 
 
 73 
 
 
 73 
 
 138 
 
 163 
 
 
 14 
 
 176 
 
 133 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 6 
 
 175 
 
 138 
 
 
 89 
 
 217 
 
 183 
 
 
 34 
 
 217 
 
 331 
 
 
 1 
 
 335 
 
 84 
 
 
 99 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 37 
 
 261 
 
 168 
 
 
 83 
 
 261 
 
 319 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 7 
 
 288 
 
 170 
 
 
 73 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 11 
 
 294 
 
 334 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 394 
 
 170 
 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 275 
 
 No. of 
 States 
 Voting, 
 
 1789 
 1793 
 1797 
 1801 
 1805 
 1809 
 
 1813 
 
 1817 
 1821 
 1835 
 
 1839 
 1833 
 
 1837 
 
 1841 
 1845 
 
 George Washington 
 
 John Adams 
 
 George Washington (Federal) 
 
 John Adams (Fed.) 
 
 John Adams (Fed.) 
 
 Thomas Jefferson (Republican) 
 
 Thomas Jefferson* (Rep.) 
 
 Aaron Burr (Fed. ) 
 
 Thomas Jefferson (Rep.) 
 
 Charles C. Pinckney (Fed.) 
 
 James Madison (Rep.) 
 
 Charles C. Pinckney (Fed.) 
 
 George Clinton (Democrat) 
 
 J.\MES Madison (Dem.) 
 
 De Witt Clinton (Dem.) 
 
 James Monroe (Dem.) 
 
 Ruf us King (Fed.) 
 
 James Monroe (Dem.) 
 
 John Quincy Adams (Dem.) 
 
 John Qdincy Adams* (Coalition). . . 
 
 Andrew Jackson (Dem.) 
 
 William H. Crawford (Dem.) 
 
 Henry Clay (Dem.) 
 
 Andrew Jackson (Dem.) 
 
 John Quincy Adams (National Rep.) 
 
 Andrew Jackson (Dem.) 
 
 Henrv Clay (National Rep.) 
 
 Johu'Floyd 
 
 William Wirt (Anti-Masonic) 
 
 Martin Van Buren (Dem.) 
 
 William H. Harrison (Whig) "l 
 Hugh L. White I 
 
 Daniel Webster (Whig) | 
 
 W. P. Mangum (Whig) J 
 
 William H. Harrison (Whig) 
 
 Martin Van Buren (Dem.) 
 
 James G. Biruey (Abolitionist) 
 
 James K. Polk (Dem.) 
 
 Henry Clay (Whig) 
 
 James G. Birney (Abolitionist) 
 
 105,321 
 152,899 
 47,365 
 47,087 
 650,028 
 512,1,')8 
 687,503 
 550,189 
 
 736,736 
 
 1,374,783 
 1,138,703 
 
 17,609 
 1,335,834 
 1,297,053 
 
 62,370 
 
 * The President was elected by the House of Represenlatives. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 541 
 
 ELECTOEAL AND POPULAR VOTES FOE PRESIDENTS FEOM 1789-1873.— 
 
 Continued. 
 
 Popular Vote. 
 
 No. of 
 States 
 Voting. 
 
 1849 
 1833 
 1857 
 1861 
 
 1865 
 1869 
 1873 
 
 Zachary Tatlor (Whig) 
 
 Lewis Cass (Dem.) 
 
 Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) 
 
 Franki.tn Pierce (Dem.) 
 
 Winfield Scott (Wliig) 
 
 John C. Hale (Alwlitiouist) 
 
 James BnciiANAN (Dem.) 
 
 John C. Fremont (Free Soil) 
 
 Millard Fillmore (American) 
 
 Abraham Lincoln (Rep.) 
 
 John C. Breckenridge (Dem.) 
 
 Stephen A. Douglass (Ind. Dem.) 
 
 John Bell (Constitutional Union) 
 
 Abraham Lincoln (Rep.) 
 
 George B. McClellan (Dem.) 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant (Rep.) 
 
 Horatio Seymour (Dem.) 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant (Bep.) .. . . 
 
 Horace Greeley (Dem. and Lib. Rep.). 
 
 Charles O'Conor (Straight Dem.) 
 
 James R. Black (Temperance) 
 
 Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.) 
 
 B. Gratz Brown (Dem.) 
 
 Charles J. Jenkins (Dem.) 
 
 David Davis (Dem.) 
 
 1,363, 
 1,222, 
 
 291, 
 1.590, 
 1,378, 
 
 1.17, 
 1,832, 
 1,315. 
 
 874, 
 1,857 
 
 874 
 1,365 
 
 590 
 2,203 
 1,797, 
 3,012 
 2,703, 
 3,597 
 2,834 
 
 ,031 
 ,455 
 ,455 
 ,490 
 ,589 
 ,296 
 ,232 
 ,514 
 ,707 
 ,610 
 .953 
 ,976 
 ,631 
 ,131 
 ,019 
 ,833 
 249 
 ,070 
 ,079 
 
 163 
 127 
 
 254 
 
 42 
 
 174 
 
 109 
 8 
 
 180 
 72 
 12 
 39 
 
 212 
 21 
 
 214 
 
 296 
 
 303 
 
 294 
 
 30 
 31 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 26* 
 
 34t 
 
 35t 
 
 POLITICAL PARTIES. 
 
 Abolitionists. — Appeared as a distinctive political 
 party in the campaign of 1840. Their principles 
 were concentrated on the entire abolition of the insti- 
 tution of slavery. 
 
 Barn-Burners. — This was an organization con- 
 fined to the State of New York, in 1847, and was an 
 off-shoot from the Democratic party. So named in 
 allusion to the story of a Dutch farmer, who burned 
 his barn to clear it of rats and mice. 
 
 Democrats. — They adopted that distinctive name 
 in 1807, and their leading idea, at that time, was the 
 laying of an embargo on American commerce. Its 
 principles siuce then have undergone many modifica- 
 tions, but the organization has been regularly main- 
 tained down to the present time. 
 
 Federalists. — This party was organized imme- 
 diately after the adoption of the Federal Constitution 
 in 1789. They favored the Federal Alliance or Con- 
 federation, and claimed to be preservers of the 
 Union. 
 
 Free-Soil Party. — This party was organized in 
 1848, and its leading principles were freedom in the 
 Territories and denying that Congress had power to 
 make a slave ; that the nation should free itself from 
 Slavery ; and that no more Slave States should be 
 admitted into the Union. 
 
 Hunkers. — This was the name given to that part 
 of the Democratic party who could not agree with the 
 Barn-Burners in New York in 1847. 
 
 Know-Nothings. — This party was organized in 
 
 1852, took the form of a secret society, and its leading 
 motto was, that American's must rvle America. 
 
 LocOFOCOS.— This title was given to a branch of the 
 Democratic party, who battled for what they called 
 Equal Rights in New York City in 1835. So named 
 because at a noisy public meeting, after the lights 
 had been put out, they were at once re-lighted by 
 means of a locofoco mnich, by one of the members of 
 the dominant wing of the party, and it was, for some 
 years, merely another name for the Democratic party. 
 
 Nullipiers. — This was a party which had its -ori- 
 gin in South Carolina about the year 1830 ; and those 
 who supported it claimed that any State in the Union 
 had a right to absolve itself from obligation to the 
 Federal Government. 
 
 Republicans. — Those who opposed the Federal 
 party, in the time of Washington, were called Anti- 
 Federalists, but they soon took the distinctive name 
 of Republicans. The party which rose up to battle 
 with the Democrats in 1831 was called the National 
 Republican party, and it was re-organized in 1856, 
 making a decided issue with the Democratic party on 
 the subject of Slavery. 
 
 Whigs. — This party had its origin in New York 
 City in 1834, and was in reality a continuation of the 
 National Republican party of that period. It was 
 diametrically opposed to the Democrats, and it is a 
 little singular that their nickname of Locofocos and 
 the Whig party itself passed into comparative oblivion 
 about the same time. 
 
 • Ten States dirt rot vote. t Tliree States did not vote, of Georgia, cast for Horace Greeley, who was dead before the 
 
 t Tlie electoral votes of Lonisiana, 7 ; of Arkansas, 5 ; and 3 meeting of the Electoral College, were rejected. 
 
543 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 THE SUPKEME COURT OP THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 [OFFICIALLT PREPARED FOR THIS WORK.] 
 
 [For further information in regard to these men see Biographical Annals) 
 
 CHIEF JUSTICES. 
 
 John Jay, of New York, appointed and confirmed 
 September 26, 1789. Resigned. 
 
 John Ruti.edge, of South Carolina, appointed 
 July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate, and presided on the 
 bench at August Term, 1795. Nominated December 
 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795. 
 
 William Chshing, of Massachusetts. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed January 27, 1796. Declined. 
 He was then an Associate Justice. 
 
 Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed March 4, 1796. He presided 
 on the bench at tlie August Term, 1799. Resigned. 
 
 John Jay, of New York. Nomination confirmed 
 and appointed, December 19, 1800. Declined. 
 
 John Marshall, Secretary of State.* Nomina- 
 tion confirmed January 31, 1801. Died. 
 
 Roger B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed March 15, 1836. Died. 
 
 Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, appointed and con- 
 firmed December 6, 1864. 
 
 Morrison R. Waite, of Ohio, appointed in 1874. 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUSTICES. 
 
 John Rutledge, of South Carolina. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed September 26, 1789. Re- 
 signed. 
 
 William Cushing, of Massach usetts. Nomination 
 confirmed September 26, and appointed September 
 27, 1789. Died. 
 
 James Wilson, of Pennsylvania appointed in 1789. 
 Died. 
 
 John Blair, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed 
 September 26, and appointed September 30, 1789. 
 Resigned. 
 
 Robert H. Harrison, of Maryland. Nomination 
 confirmed September 21), 1789. Resigned. 
 
 James Iredell, of North Carolina. Appointed in 
 recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed and ap- 
 pointed February 10, 1790. Died. 
 
 Tho.m.^s Johnson, of Maryland. Appointed August 
 5, 1791, in recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed 
 and appointed November 7, 1791. Resigned. 
 
 William Paterson, Governor of New Jersey. 
 Nomination confirmed and appointed March 4, 1793. 
 Died. 
 
 Samuel Chase, of Maryland. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed January 27, 1796. Died. 
 
 Bcshrod Washington, of Virginia. Appointed 
 September 29, 1798, in recess of Senate. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed December 30, 1708. Died. 
 
 Alfred Moohe, of North Carolina. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed December 10, 1799. Re- 
 signed. 
 
 William Johnson, of South Carolina. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed March 26, 1804. Died. 
 
 * .John Mnrshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the 
 Senati', as Chief .Justice. .January 80, 1801, was confiinied on tile 
 27lh, commissioned oti the .31st, and presided on the liench of 
 the Supreme Court from the 4th to the !lth of Fehrnary. or (hir- 
 ing Feliruary Term. ISOl. From a message of the President to 
 Congress, accompanied by a report from Jolin Mnrsliali, Secre- 
 tary of State, dated February 87, 1801, it appears that he also 
 continued to act in the latter capacity until that day, and, from 
 other circumstances, that he contiuued to act as such until 
 March 3, 1801, oa which day the then existing administration 
 terminated. 
 
 Brockholst Livingston, of New York. Ap- 
 pointed November 10, 1806, in recess of Senate. 
 Nomination confirmed and appointed December 17, 
 1806. Died. 
 
 Thomas Todd, of Kentucky. Nomination con- 
 firmed March 2, and appointed March 3, 1807. 
 
 Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed January 3, 1811. Declined. 
 
 John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts. Nomina- 
 tion confirmed and appointed February 22, 1811. 
 Declined. 
 
 Joseph Story, of Massachusetts. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed November 18, 1811. Died. 
 
 Gabriel Duval, of Maryland. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed November 18, 1811. Resigned. 
 
 Smith Tho.mpson, of New York. Appointed Sep- 
 tember 1, 1823, in recess of the Senate. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed December 9, 1823. Died. 
 
 Robert Thimble, of Kentucky. Nomination con- 
 firmed and a]ipointed May 9, 1826. Died. 
 
 JdHN McLean, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed 
 and appointed March 7, 1829. Died. 
 
 Henhy Baldwin, of Pennsylvania. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed January 6, 1830. Died. 
 
 James M. Wayne, of Georgia. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed January 9, 1835. 
 
 Philip P. Barbour, of Virginia. Nomination 
 confirmed and appointed March 15, 1836. Died. 
 
 John Catron, of Tennessee. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Died May 30, 
 1865. 
 
 Wn.LiAM SsiiTH, of Alabama. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Declined. 
 
 John McKinley, of Alabama. Appointed April 
 22, 1837, in recess of the Senate. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed September 25, 1837. 
 
 Peter V. Daniel, of Virginia. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed March 3, 1841. Died. 
 
 S.\MUEL Nelson, of New York. Nomination con- 
 firmed and appointed February 14, 1845. 
 
 Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire. Appointed 
 September 20, 1845, in recess of the Senate. Nomina- 
 tion confirmed and appointed January 3, 1846. Died. 
 
 Robert C. Grier, of Pennsylvania. Nomination 
 confirmed aud appointed August 4, 1846. 
 
 Benjamin Robbins Curtis, of Massachusetts. 
 Appointed during the recess of the Senate. Nomina- 
 tion confirmed aud appointed December 20, 1851. Re- 
 signed. 
 
 James A. Campbell, of Alabama. Appointed 
 March 22, 18.53. Resigned. 
 
 Nathajj Clifford, of Maine. Appointed January 
 28, 1858. 
 
 Noah H. Swayne, of Ohio. Appointed January 4, 
 1802. 
 
 Samuel F. Miller, of Iowa. Appointed July 16, 
 1802. 
 
 David Davis, of Illinois. Appointed December 8, 
 1862. 
 
 Stephen J. Field, of California. Appointed 
 March 10, 1863. 
 
 Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio. Appointed 1869. 
 Died 1869. 
 
 William Strong, of Pennsylvania. Appointed in 
 1870. 
 
 Joseph Bradley of New Jersey. Appointed in 
 1870. 
 
 Ward Hunt, of New York. Appointed in 1873. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 543 
 
 CLERKS OF THE SUPEEME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 John Tucker, of Massachusetts, appointed Febru- 
 ary 3, 1790. Resigned, ITUl. 
 
 Samuel Bayahd, of Delaware, appointed August 
 1, 1791. Resigned, 1800. 
 
 Elias B. C.\ldweli,, of New Jersey, appointed 
 August 15, 1800. Died, 1836. 
 
 William Griffith, of New Jersey, appointed 
 February 9, 1826. Died 1827. 
 
 William T. Carroll, District of Columbia, ap- 
 pointed January 20, 1827. Died 1863. 
 
 Daniel W. Middleton, District of Columbia, ap- 
 pointed in 1862. Present incumbent. 
 
 EERORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT. 
 
 Alexander J. Dallas, reported from 1789 to 
 1800, inclusive. 
 
 William Cranch, reported from 1801 to 181G, in- 
 clusive. 
 
 Henry Wheaton, reported from 1816 to 1828, in- 
 clusive. 
 
 Ricn.\RD Peters, Jr., reported from 1828 to 1843, 
 inclu.sive. 
 
 Ben.tamin C. Howard, reported from 1848 to 
 1861, inclusive. 
 
 Jeremiah S. Black, reported from 1861 to 1863 
 inclusive. 
 
 John Willi-^m Wallace, reported from 1803 to 
 187.5, inclusive. 
 
 William T. Otto reported from 1875. Present 
 incumbent. 
 
 MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON THE SUPREME 
 
 COURT. 
 
 Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 
 1789, the Marshals of all the Districts were required 
 to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by 
 the Act of June 9, 179-1, the Marshal of the District 
 alone in which the Court shall sit was required to at- 
 tend its sessions. 
 
 David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsyl 
 vania, attended from January 28, 1794, to Februarv, 
 1801. 
 
 Daniel Carroll Brent, Marshal of the District 
 of Columbia, attended from August 3, 1801, to Au- 
 gust, 1808. 
 
 Washington Boyd, Marshal of the District of 
 Columbia, attended from February 1, 1808, to Au- 
 gust, 1818. 
 
 Tench Ringgold, Marshal of the District of Co- 
 lumbia, attended from November 30, 1818, to August, 
 1831. 
 
 Henry Ashton, Marshal of the Di.strict of Colum- 
 bia, attended from February 4, 1831, to February, 
 1834. 
 
 Alexander Hunter, Marshal of the District of 
 
 Columbia, attended from March 6, 1834, to Decem- 
 ber, 1848. 
 
 Robert Wallach, Marshal of the District of Co- 
 lumbia, attended from December 5, 1848, to Decern, 
 ber, 1849. 
 
 Richard Wallace, Marshal of the District of 
 Columbia, attended from December 4, 1849, to May- 
 1853. 
 
 Jonah D. Hoover, Marshal of the District of Co- 
 lumbia, attended from May 31, 1833, to April, 1858. 
 
 Willia.m Selden, Marshal of the District of Co 
 lumbia, attended from April 1, 1858, to 1861. 
 
 Ward H.. Lamon, Marshal of the District of Co- 
 lumbia, attended from 1861, to June, 1865. 
 
 D. S. Gooding, Marshal of the District of Colum 
 bia, attended from June, 1865, to April 3, 1867. 
 
 Rich.^rd C. Parsons, Marshal of the Supreme 
 Court, appointed April 3, 1867. Resigned 1872. 
 
 John G. Nicolay, Marshal of the Supreme Court, 
 appointed April 3, 1872. 
 
 [Court meets first Monday in December, at Wash- 
 ington.] 
 
 THE JUSTICES OF THE CIRCUIT, DISTRICT, AND TERRITORIAL COURTS. 
 
 [from the official records.] 
 
 {For further information respecting these men see Biographical Annals.) 
 
 Adams, George 
 
 Allen, Richard C . . . 
 Allyn, Josepli P. . . . . 
 Anderson, Joseph. . . , 
 Armor, Charles Lee. , 
 Backus, Henry T. . . 
 
 Baker, Grafton 
 
 Balch, Alfred 
 
 Baldwin. Alex'der W 
 
 Ballard, Bland 
 
 Barbour, Philip .... 
 Barnes, Alanson H. . 
 Barnes, David L. . . . 
 
 Bartlett, Asa 
 
 Bassett, Richard 
 
 Bates, Frederick.... 
 Bates, J. Woodson. . . 
 
 Dist. Judge. .Mifs.sissippi. 
 Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 Terr'l Judge. So. of Ohio River. 
 Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 Terr'l Judge. Florida. 
 Dist. Judge.. Nevada. 
 Dist. Judge. .Kentucky. 
 Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 Terr'l Judge. Dakota. 
 • Dist. Judge. Rhode Island. 
 , Terr'l Judge. Dakota. 
 ,Circ. Judge. .Third Circuit. 
 Terr'l Judge. Michigan. 
 Terr'l Judge.Arkansas. 
 
 Bee, Thomas Ch. Circ. Jus.Fifth Circuit. 
 
 Bee, Thomas Dist. Judge.. South Carolina. 
 
 Bedford, Gunning... .Dist. Judge. .Delaware. 
 
 Belford, James B Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Benedict, Charles L. .Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Benedict, K Terr'l Judee.New Mexico. 
 
 Bennett, G. G Terr'l Judge. Dakota. 
 
 Bent, Silas Terr'l Judge. Missouri. 
 
 Benson, Egbert Circ. Judge.. Second Circuit. 
 
 Betts, Samuel R Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Biggs, Asa Dist. Judge. .North C<irolina. 
 
 Black, Samuel W. . . .Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 Blackwood, Wni. G. .Terr'l Judge.New Mexico. 
 
 Blake, Henry N Terr'l Judge. Montana. 
 
 Bland. Theodorick. . .Dist. Judge. .Maryland. 
 Bjatchford, Samuel. .Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 Bliss, Philemon Terr'l Judge.Dakota. 
 
544 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Blodgett, Henry W. .Dist. Judge. .Illinois. 
 
 Bond, Hugh L Circ. Judge. . M.iryland. 
 
 Bond, Hugh L Dist. Judge. .Maryland. 
 
 Boone, William F... .Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 Boremau, Jacob S... .Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 Bourne, Benjamin. . .Circ. Judge. .First Circuit. 
 Bourne, Benjamin. . .Dist. Judge. .Rhode Island. 
 
 Boyce, Henry Dist. Judge. .Louisiana. 
 
 Boynton, Thomas J. .Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Boyle, John W Terr'l Judge.Dakota. 
 
 Boyle, John Dist. Judge.. Kentucky. 
 
 Bradford, Allen A Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Bradford, Edward G.Dist. Judge.. Delaware. 
 
 Brandebury, L. G Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Brearly, David Dist. Judge. .New Jersey. 
 
 Bradley, James Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 
 Breckinridge, H. M..Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Bristol, Warren Terr'l Judge.New Mexico. 
 
 Bristol, William Dist. Judge. .Connecticut. 
 
 Brochus, P. E Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Brockenbrough,W.H.Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 Brockenbrough, J. W.Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 Bronson, Lsaac H. . . .Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 Brooks, George W. . .Dist. Judge. .North Carolina. 
 Brookings, W. W... .Terr'l Judge.Dakota. 
 
 Brown, James Terr'l Judge. Orleans. 
 
 Brown, Morgan W. . .Dist. Judge. .Tennessee. 
 Bruin, Peter Bryan. .Terr'l Judge. Mississippi. 
 
 Bryan, George S Dist. Judge. . South Carolina. 
 
 Bryant, William P.. .Terr'l Judge. Oregon. 
 Bufflngtou, Joseph.. .Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 BuUit, George Terr'l Judge. Missouri. 
 
 Bulloch, James R.. . .Dist. Judge. .Rhode Island. 
 
 Burnett, Peter H Terr'l Judge.Oregon. 
 
 Busteed, Richard. . . .Dist. Judge. . Alabama. 
 
 Burrell, J. M Terr'l Judge.Kansas. 
 
 Byrd, Chas. Whiting. Di.st. Judge. .Ohio. 
 Cadwalader, John... .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 Caldwell, Alexander. .Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 Caldwell, Henry C. . . Dist. Judge. . Arkansas. 
 Cameron, John A. ...Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Campbell, J. W Dist. Judge. .Ohio. 
 
 C!ormack, Samuel W.Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 Carter, Harley H. . . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 Canter, David K. . . .Ch. Justice. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Cary, Joseph M Terr'l Judge. Wyoming. 
 
 Cato, Sterling G Terr'l Judge.Kansas. 
 
 Chatfield, A. G Terr'l Judge. Minnesota. 
 
 Chenowith, F. A Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Cliipman, Nathaniel.. Dist. Judge. .Vermont. 
 
 Chipman, Henry Terr'l Jndge. Michigan. 
 
 Clark, William Ch. Jus. Ter'l. Indiana. 
 
 Clark, Daniel Dist. Judge.. New Hampshire. 
 
 Clay, Joseph, Jr Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit. 
 
 Clay, Joseph, Jr Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 
 Clayton, Alex'der M.. Terr'l Judge. Arkansas. 
 
 Coburn, John Terr'l Judge. Louisiana. 
 
 Coburn, John Terr'l Judge. Michigan. 
 
 Coburn, John Terr'l Judge. Orleans. 
 
 Cole, Orsamus Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Conkling, Alfred. . . .Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Cooper, David Terr'l Judge. Minnesota. 
 
 Cradlebaugh, John.. .Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Cranch, William. . . .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Cranch, William Ch. Jus.Ter'l.Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Crawford, William. .Ch.Jus.Ter'l. Alabama. 
 Crawford, Thomas H.Dist. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 Creighton, Wra., Jr. .Dist. Judge.. Ohio. 
 Crosbie, Henry R. . . .Dist. Judge. . Utah. 
 
 Cross, Edward Terr'l Judge. Arkansas. 
 
 Cummins, John Terr'l Judge. Idaho. 
 
 Cuyler, Jeremiah. . . .Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 
 Daniel, Peter V Dist. Judge.. Virginia. 
 
 Darwin, C. B Terr'l Judge. Washington. 
 
 Davenport, J. J Terr'l Judge.New Mexico. 
 
 Davie, William R Dist. Judge.. North Carolina. 
 
 Davies, William Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 
 Davis, John Dist. Judge. .Massachusetts. 
 
 Davis, Thomas T. . . .Terr'l Judge. Indiana. 
 
 Deady, M. P Dist. Judge. .Oregon. 
 
 Delahay, Mark W... .Di.st. Judge. .Kansas. 
 De Lisle, Moreau. . . .Terr'l Judge. Orleans. 
 
 Dick, John Dist. Judge. .Louisiana. 
 
 Dick, Robert P Dist. Judge. .North Carolina. 
 
 Dickerson, Philemon. Dist. Judge. .New Jersey. 
 
 Dillon, John F Circ. Judge. .Iowa. 
 
 Dixon, Luther C Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Doty, James D Terr'l Judge. Michigan. 
 
 Douglas, Samuel I... Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 Drake, Thomas J. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Drayton, John Dist. Judge. .South Carolina. 
 
 Drayton, William... .Dist. Judge. .South Carolina. 
 Drummoud, Thomas. Circ. Judge.. Illinois. 
 Drummond, Wm. W.Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Duane, James Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Duane, Edm'd Fr'cis. Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 
 Ducket, Allen B Circ. Judge.. Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 DufBeld, George Terr'l Judge. Orleans. 
 
 Duncan, Charles Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Dundy, Elmer S Dist. Judge. .Nebraska. 
 
 Dunlop, William. Circ. Judge. Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Dunn, Charles Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Durell, Ed%vard H... .Dist. Judge. .Louisiana. 
 Duval, Thomas H... .Dist. Judge. .Texas. 
 
 Dyer, John J Dist Judge. .Iowa. 
 
 Easton, Rufus Terr'l Judge. Louisiana. 
 
 Eckles, Delano R Chief Justice.Utah. 
 
 Edgerton, Sidney. . . .Terr'l Judge. Idaho. 
 
 Edmunds, G Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Edwards. Pierpoint. .Dist. Judge. .Connecticut. 
 
 Elmore, R Assoc. Just. .Kansas. 
 
 Ellis, Powhattan. . . .Terr'l Judge. Mississippi. 
 Emerson, Philip H.. Terr'l Jiidge.Utah. 
 Emmons, Halmer H..Circ. Judge. .Michigan. 
 
 Erwin, David Terr'l Judge. Michigan. 
 
 Eskeridge, Thomas P. Terr'l Judge.Arkansas. 
 
 Erskine, John Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 
 Eyster, C. S Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Field, Richard S Di.st. Judge.. New Jersey. 
 
 Ferguson, Fenner.. . .Terr'l Judge.Oregon. 
 
 Fisher, John Dist. Judge. .Delaware. 
 
 Fisk, James Terr'l Judge. Indiana. 
 
 Fitts, Oliver Terr'l Judge. Mississippi. 
 
 Fitzhugh, Edward C.Assoc. Just. .Washington. 
 Fitzhugh, Nicholas. .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 Fisher, George P. . . .Assoc. Just. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Fisher, John Dist. Judge. . Delaware. 
 
 Fisher, Joseph W. . .Chief Just.. .Wyoming. 
 Fiundraw, Charles E. Terr'l Judge.Minnesota. 
 Flenniker, Robert P.Assoc. Just. .Utah. 
 
 Fox, Edward Dist. Judge. .Maine. 
 
 Frazer, Philip Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Frazier, William C. .Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 French, C. E. G 
 
 Fuller, Jerome Terr'l Judge.Minnesota 
 
 Gaillard, Theodore.. .Ch'f Jus., Cir.Fifth Circuit. 
 Gaillard, Theodore.. .Dist. Judge.. Louisiana. 
 
 Gale, William H Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Gayle, John Dist. Judge. . Alabama. 
 
 Gholson, Samuel J.. .Dist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 Gibbons, Thomas. . . .Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 Giles, William E. . . .Dist. Judge. .Maryland. 
 Gilchrist, Robert B. .Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 Gilchrist, Robert B..Dist. Judge. .South Carolina. 
 
 Oilman, Joseph Terr'l Judge. NorthW.of OhioR 
 
 Glea.son, William E.. Terr'l Judge.Dakota. 
 
 Glenn, Elias Dist. Judge.. Maryland. 
 
 Gorshire, William R. Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Goodrich, A Terr'l Judge.Minnesota. 
 
 Goodwin, John N. . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 
 Greene, Roger S Assoc. Just. .Washington. 
 
 Greshani, Walter Q... Dist. Judge.. Indiana. 
 
 Griffin, Cyrus Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Griffin, John Terr'l Judge. Indiana. 
 
 Gritfin, John Terr'l Judge. Michigan. 
 
 Griffith, William Circ. Judge. .Third Circuit. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 545 
 
 Griswold, Stanley... .Terr'l Judge. Illinois. 
 Haight, Fletcher M..Pist, Judo^e. .California. 
 
 Hall, Auirustus Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 
 Hall, Benj. F Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Hall, Dominic A Dist. Judge. .Louisiana. 
 
 Hall, Dominick A.. . .Chi'f Jus.,Cir.Fifth Circuit. 
 
 Hall, Dominick A Dist. Judge. .Orleans. 
 
 Hall, Nntlian K Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Hall, Willard Dist. Judge. .Delaware. 
 
 Hallet, Moses Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Hallyburton, Jas. D. .Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Hardin, E. R Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 
 Harding, Stephen S.. Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 Harper, Samuel H...Dist. Judge. .Louisiana. 
 
 Harris, Edward Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit. 
 
 Harvey, Matthew. . . .Dist. Judge. . New Hampshire. 
 Hawley, Cyrus M. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Hay, George Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Heath, LTpton S Dist. Judge. .Maryland. 
 
 Hewitt. C. C Terr'l Judge. Washington. 
 
 Heydenfelt, S Terr'l Judge. California. 
 
 Hill, Robert AndrewsDist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 Hill, Robert AndrewsDist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 
 Hill, William H Dist. Judge. .North Carolina. 
 
 Hillyer, Edgar W... .Dist. Judge.. Nevada. 
 Hitchcock, Samuel.. .Circ. Judge. .Second Circuit. 
 Hitchcock, Samuel.. .Dist. Judge. .Vermont. 
 
 Hobart, John S Dist. Judge.. New York. 
 
 Hoffman, Ogden Dist. Judge. .California. 
 
 Hollister, M. E Terr'l Judge.Idaho. 
 
 Holly, Charles F. . . .Terr'l Judge.Colorado. 
 
 Holraan, Jesse L Dist. Judge. .Indiana. 
 
 Holmes, Jolm Dist. Judge. .Maine. 
 
 Hoogland, M Terr'l Judge. Washington. 
 
 Hopkins, James C. . .Di.st. Judge. .Wisconsin. 
 Hopkinson, Francis. .Di.'-t. Judge.. Pennsylvania. 
 Hopkinson, Joseph. .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 Hosmer, H. L Terr'l Judge. Montana. 
 
 Houston, James Dist. Judge. .Maryland. 
 
 Howe, John H Terr'l Judge. Wyoming. 
 
 Howell, David Dist. Judge. .Rhode Island. 
 
 Howell, William F. .Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 Hubbell, Sidney A. ..Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 Humplireys, David C.Terr'l Judge.Dist. of Columbia. 
 Huntington, ElishaM.Dist. Judge. .Indiana. 
 Huntington, Samuel.. Terr'l Judge.Michlgan. 
 
 Ingersoll, Jared Circ, Judge. .Third Circuit. 
 
 Innes. Harry Dist. Judge. .Kentucky. 
 
 Irwin, David Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Irwin, Thomas Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 Jackson, John J., Jr.. Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 Jackson, John J., Jr.. Dist. Judge.. West Virginia. 
 
 Jacfibs, Orange Terr'l Judge. Washington. 
 
 Jewett, C, C Terr'l Judge. Arkansas. 
 
 Johnson, Benjamin. .Dist. Judge. .Arkansas. 
 
 Johnson, D. B Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 
 Johnson, Hezekiah S. Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 Johnson, Thomas. . . .Dist. Judge.. Maryland. 
 Johnson, Thomas. . . .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Jones, Horatio Terr'l Judge. Nevada. 
 
 Jones, J. M Dist. Judge. .California. 
 
 Jones, Obadiah Terr'l Judge. Illinois. 
 
 Jones, Obadiah Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Jones, Obadiah Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Jones, Obadiah Dist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 
 Jones, William G.. . .Dist. Judge .Alabama. 
 Jones, William T.. . .Terr'l Judge. Wyoming. 
 Jordon, Dillon, Jr... Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 Judson, Andrew T. . .Dist. Judge.. Connecticut. 
 
 Kane, John K Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 Kellogg, William P. Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 
 Kelly, Milton Terr'l Judge.Idaho. 
 
 Kennedy, James K. .Assoc. Jus.. .Wa.shington. 
 
 Ker, David Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Key, Philip Barton. .Ch. Jus. Circ.Fourth Circuit. 
 Key, Philip Barton. .Circ. Judge. .Fourth Circuit. 
 
 Kidder, J. P Terr'l Judge. Dakota. 
 
 Kilty, William Ch. Jus. Circ.Dist. of Columbia, 
 
 Kingman, John W. . .Assoc. Jus.. .Wyoming. 
 
 Kinney, I. F Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Kirby, Ephraim Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Knapp, Joseph G Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 
 Knowles, Hiram Terr'l .Judge. Montana. 
 
 Knowles, John P.. . .Dist. Judge. .Rhode Island. 
 
 Krekel, Arnold Dist. Judge. .Missouri. 
 
 Lacey, Thomas J. . . .Dist. Judge.. Arkansas. 
 
 Lander, Edward Terr'l Judge. Washington. 
 
 Lane, George W Dist. Judge. .Alabama. 
 
 Laurance, Jfohn Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Law, Richard Dist. Judge. .Connecticut. 
 
 Lawrence, Philip K. Dist. Judge. .Louisiana. 
 Lawrence, Wm. W. .Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Lea, John M Dist. Judge. .Tennessee. 
 
 Leake. Walter Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Leake, Walter Dist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 
 Leavitt, Hump. H...Dist. Judge. .Ohio. 
 Lecompte, Samuel D. Terr'l Judge. Kansas. 
 
 Lee, Charles Circ. Judgre. .Fourth Circuit. 
 
 Lee, Thomas Dist. Judge. .South Carolina. 
 
 Lewis, Joseph R Terr'l Judge.Washington. 
 
 Lewis, Joshua Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 
 Lewis, Seth Ch. Jus. Ter'l. Mississippi. 
 
 Lewis, William Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 Livingston, Brockholdst . Dis. Jud.New York. 
 
 Locke, James W Dist. Judge.. Florida. 
 
 Locke, Powhattan B. Terr'l Judge. Nevada. 
 Loekwood, Wm. F. .Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 Longyear, John W. .Dist. Judge. .Michigan. 
 Love, James M Dist. Judge. .Iowa. 
 
 Lowell, John Circ. Judge.. First Circuit. 
 
 Lowell, John Dist. Judge. .Massachusetts. 
 
 Lucas, John B. C. . . Terr'l Judge. Louisiana. 
 
 Lucas, John B. C. . . .Terr'l Judge. Missouri. 
 
 Lucas, John B. C Dist. Judge. .Missouri. 
 
 Lyons, H. A Terr'l Judge. California. 
 
 McAllister, Matt. H.C'irc. Judge. .California. 
 
 McArthur, Arthur. . .Terr'l Judge.Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 McBride, John R. . . .Terr'l Judge.Idaho. 
 
 McCaleb, Theo. H. . .Dist. Judge. . Louisiana. 
 
 McCandless, Wilson. Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 McClung, William.. .Circ. Judge. .Sixth Circuit. 
 
 McCurdy, S. P Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 McDonald, David. . . .Dist. Judge. .Indiana. 
 
 McFadden, 0. B Terr'l Judge.Washington. 
 
 McFadden, O. B Terr'l Judge. Oregon. 
 
 McGrath, A. G Dist. Judge.. Soutli Carolina. 
 
 McGuire, William. . .Ch.Jus.Ter'l. Mississippi. 
 
 McKean, James B. . .Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 McKennan, William. Circ. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 McNairy, John Dist. Judge. .Tennessee. 
 
 McNairy, John Terr'l Judge.South of Ohio R. 
 
 McQueen, Mcintosh. Dist. Judge. Florida. 
 
 Magill, Charles Circ. Judge. .Fourth Circuit. 
 
 Marchant, Henry. . . .Dist. Judge. .Rhode Island. 
 
 Marshall, James Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Martin, Francis X. . .Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 
 Martin, Francis X. . .Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Marvin, William. . . .Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Mason, Charles Terr'l Judge. Iowa. 
 
 Mason, John Y Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Matthews, Geo., Jr. .Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 
 Matthews, Geo., Jr. .Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Meeker, B. B Terr'l Judge.Minnesota. 
 
 Meigs, Return J Terr'l Judge. Louisiana. 
 
 Meigs, Return J., Jr. Terr'l Judge.N. W. of Ohio B; 
 
 Meigs, Return J Terr'l Judge. Louisiana. 
 
 Meigs, Return J., Jr. Terr'l Judge. Jlichigan. 
 
 Miller, Andrew J. . . .Dist. Judge. .Wisconsin. 
 
 Miller, A. J Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Miller, Andrew J. . . .Terr'l Judge.Wisconsin. 
 
 Miller, Joseph Terr'l Judge.Nebraska. 
 
 Milligan, Samuel. . . .Terr'l Judge.Nebraska. 
 
 Monroe, Thomas B. .Dist. Judge. .Kentucky. 
 
 Monroe, V Terr'l Judge.Washington. 
 
 Morell, George Terr'l Judge.Michlgan. 
 
 Morrill, Amos Dist. Judge. .Texas. 
 
546 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Morris, Robert Dist. Judge. .New Jersey. 
 
 Morsel). James S. . . .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 Morsell. James S. . . .Terr'l Judge. Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Mott, Gordon N Terr'l Judge. Nevada. 
 
 Mower, Horace Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 
 Munson, Lyman E.. .Terr'l Judge. Montana. 
 
 Murpliy, Jnlin L Terr'l Judge. Montana. 
 
 Murray, H. C Terr'l Judge. California. 
 
 Nelson, R. R Terr'l Judge.Minnesota. 
 
 Nelson, Rensselaer R. Dist. Judge. .Minnesota. 
 
 NeLson, Thomas Terr'l Judge. Oregon. 
 
 NicoU, John C Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 
 Nixon, .John T Dist. Judge. .New Jersey. 
 
 Noggle, David Terr'l Judge. Idaho. 
 
 North, John W Terr'l Judge. Nevada. 
 
 Ogier, Isaac S. K. . . .Dist. Judge. .California. 
 
 Olin, Abraham B. . . .Terr'l Judufe.Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Oliphant, E. P Terr'l Judge. Washington. 
 
 Olney, Cyrus Terr'l Judge. Oregon. 
 
 Paca, William Dist. Judge. .Maryland, 
 
 Paine, Bryan Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin. 
 
 Paine, Elijah Dist. Judge. .Vermont. 
 
 Palin, Joseph G Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 
 Paris, Albion K Dist. Judge. .Maine. 
 
 Parke, Benjamin. . . .Terr'l Judge Indiana. 
 
 Parker, Thomas Dist. Judge. .South Carolina. 
 
 Parks, Samuel C. - . .Terr'l Judge.Idaho. 
 
 Parsons, Samuel H. .Terr'l Judge. N. W. of Ohio R. 
 
 Peck, J. H Dist. J udge. . Missouri. 
 
 Peery, William Terr'l JudgeSouth of Ohio R. 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund.. Dist. Judge.. Virginia. 
 Pennington, W. S...Dist. Judge.. New Jersey. 
 Pennybacker, Isaac S.Dist. Judge.. Virginia. 
 
 Peters, Richard Dist. Judge.. Pennsylvania. 
 
 Petit, John Terr'l Judge. Kansas. 
 
 Pettis, S. Newton . . .Terr'l Judge. Colorado. 
 
 Pickering, John Dist. Judge.. New Hampshire. 
 
 Pinckney, Thomas . .Dist. Judge .South Carolina. 
 
 Pitman, John Dist. Judge.. Rhode Island. 
 
 Poindexter, George. .Dist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 Poindexter, George. .Terr'l Judge. Mississippi. 
 
 Pope, Nathaniel Dis. Judge. .Illinois. 
 
 Porter, De Forest. . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona. 
 
 Potter, E. D Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Potter, Henry Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit. 
 
 Potter, Henry Dist. Judge.. North Carolina. 
 
 Pratt, O. C Terr'l Judge. Oregon. 
 
 Prentiss, Samuel. Dist. J udge.. Vermont. 
 
 Prevost, John B Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 
 Putnam, Rufus Terr'l Judge. N. West of Ohio R. 
 
 Randall, Archibald. .Dist. Judge. .Penn.sylvania. 
 
 Randall, T Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Randolph, Peter Dist. Judge. .Mississippi. 
 
 Read, Jacob Dist. Judge.. South Carolina. 
 
 Read, Lazarus H. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Reavis, Isham Terr'l J udge. Arizona. 
 
 Reid, Robert R Terr'l J udge. Florida. 
 
 Ringo, Daniel Dist. Judge. . Arkan.sas. 
 
 Rives, Alexander. . . .Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Roberison, T. B Terr'l Judge. Louisiana. 
 
 Rodney, Thomas . . . .Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 Rossell, William . . . .Dist. Judge. .New Jersey. 
 Sawyer, Lorenzo. .. .Circ. Judge. .California. 
 
 ' Scott, Andrew Terr'l Judge. Arkansas. 
 
 Scott, James Terr'l Judge.Indiana. 
 
 Selden, Joseph Terr'l J udge. Arkansas. 
 
 Serrell, David Dist. Judge.. Maine. 
 
 Service, Francis G.. .Terr'l J udge. Montana. 
 Shannon, Peter C. . .Terr'l Judge. Dakota. 
 
 Shaver, Leonidas Terr'l Judge. Utah. 
 
 Shepley, George F . .Circ. Judge. .Maine. 
 Sherburne, John S..Dist. Judge. .New Hampshire. 
 Sherburne, Moses. . .Terr'l Judge.Minnesota. 
 Sherman, Charles T. Dist. Judge. .Ohio. 
 Sherman, Henry . . . .Terr'l Judge. New Mexico. 
 Shields, Wm. BayardDist. Judge.. Mississippi. 
 Sliipman, Nathaniel .Dist. Judge. .Connecticut. 
 Shrader, Otto Terr'l Judge.Louisiana. 
 
 Sibley, Solomon Terr'l Judge. Michigan. 
 
 Simpson, Josiah Dist. J udge.. Mississippi. 
 
 Sinclair, Charles E. .Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 Sitgreaves, John . . . .Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit. 
 Sitgreaves, John... Dist. Judge.. North Carolina. 
 
 Skinner, Roger Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Smalley, David A. . .Dist. Judge. .Vermont. 
 Smith, Allcock C. . . .Terr'l Judge.Idaho. 
 
 Smith, Caleb B Dist. Judge.. Indiana. 
 
 Smith, Jeremiah . . . .Circ. Judge.. First Circuit. 
 
 Smith, Joseph L Dist. Judge. .Florida. 
 
 Snow, Zerubbabel. ..Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 Sprague, Peleg Dist. Judge. .Massachusetts. 
 
 Sprigg, William Terr'l Judge. Illinois. 
 
 Sprigg, William . . . .Terr'l Judge.Louisiana. 
 Sprigg, William . . . .Terr'l Judge.Michigan. 
 Sprigg, William . . . .Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 Sprigg, William . . . .Dist. Judge. .Missouri. 
 Stephens, William . .Dist. Judge. .Georgia. 
 Stewart, Alexander. .Dist. Judge. .Illinois. 
 
 Stiles, George P Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 Stokes, John Dist. Judge.. North Carolina. 
 
 Story, William Dist. Judge. .Arkansas. 
 
 Strickland, O. F. . . .Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 Strong, William Terr'l Judge.Washington. 
 
 Stuart, Alexander. . .Terr'l Judge. Illinois. 
 Stuart, Alexander. . .Terr'l Judge.Missouri. 
 
 Sullivan, John Dist. Judge. .New Hampshire. 
 
 Swing, Philip B Dist. Judge.. Ohio. 
 
 Symmes,.John C Terr'l Judge.N.West of Ohio R 
 
 Tait, Charles Dist. Judge.. Alabama. 
 
 Tallniadge, M'thias B.Dist. Judge.. New York. 
 Taylor, George K. . . .Circ. Judge. .Fourth Circuit. 
 
 Taylor. Walter Terr'l Judge Indiana. 
 
 Thomas, E. A. . .Terr'l J udge. Wyoming. 
 
 Thomas, Jesse B....Dist. Judge. .Illinois. 
 Thompson, John. . . .Dist. Judge. .Arkansas. 
 Thompson, John. . . .Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 Thruston, Buckner. .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia. 
 Thruston, Buckner. .Terr'l Judge.Orleans. 
 Tilghman, William. .Ch'f Jus., Cir.Third Circuit. 
 
 Tilton, Daniel Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Titus, John Terr'l Judge.Arizona. 
 
 Titus, John Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D.Dist. Judge.. New York. 
 Toulmin, Harry. . . . Terr'l Judge.Mississippi. 
 
 Toulmin, Harry Dist. Judge. .Mis.si.ssippi. 
 
 Towles, Thomas . . . .Terr'l Judge.lllinois. 
 Towles, Thomas . . . .Dist. Judge. .Illinois. 
 Treat, Samuel H . . . .Dist. Judge. . Illinois. 
 Trigg, Connolly F. . .Dist. Judge. .Tennessee. 
 Trimble, Robert ...Dist. Judge. .Kentucky. 
 Trimble, William.. . .Terr'l Judge.Arkansas. 
 
 Troup, Robert Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Tucker, St. George. .Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Turner, George Terr'l Judge.NlVVest of Ohio R, 
 
 Turner, George Terr'l Judge. Nevada. 
 
 Turner, William F. .Terr'l Judge.Arizona. 
 Tweed, Charles A. . .Terr'l Judge.Arizona. 
 
 Tyler, John Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 
 Underwood, John C.Dist. Judge. .Virginia. 
 Vanderburg, Henry. .Terr'l Judge.Indiana. 
 Van Ness, Wm. P. . .Dist. Judge. .New York. 
 
 Wade, D, L Terr'l Judge. Montana. 
 
 Waite, Charles B Terr'l Judge.Utah. 
 
 Waldo, H. L Ch. J us. Terr'l New Mexico. 
 
 Wakely, Eleazer. . . .Terr'l Judge. Nebraska. 
 Walker, John H . . . .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 
 Ware, Asliur Dist. Judge. .Maine. 
 
 Watrous, John C. . . .Dist. Judge. .Texas. 
 
 Watts, John S Terr'l Judge.New Mexico, 
 
 Webb, James Terr'l Judge. Florida. 
 
 Welch, William H. .Terr'l Judge.Minnesota. 
 Wells, Ebcnezer T. .Terr'l Judge.Colorado. 
 Wells, Robert W. . . .Dist. Judge.. .Missouri. 
 Winston, William C. Terr'l Judge.Idaho. 
 Wilkins, William. . .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania. 
 Wilkins, Ross Dist. Judge. .Michigan. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Williams, Archibald 
 Williams, George H 
 Williams, Joseph L. 
 Williams, Josei)h. . . 
 WillistoD, Lorenzo P. 
 Wilson, Hiram V. . . . 
 
 Wilson, T. S 
 
 Winchester, James. . 
 Witherall, James... 
 
 Dist. Judge. , 
 .Terr'l Judge. 
 Terr'l Judge, 
 Terr'l Judge 
 Terr'l Judge. 
 Dist. Judge. . 
 Terr'l Judge. 
 Dist. Judge.. 
 Terr'l Judge. 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 Oregon. 
 
 Dakota. 
 
 Iowa. 
 
 Dakota.- 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Iowa. 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Michigan. 
 
 Withey, Solomon L .Dist. 
 
 Wolcott, Oliver Circ. 
 
 Woods, William B..C'irc. 
 Woodbridge, Wm...Terr' 
 Woodruff, Lewis B..Circ. 
 Woodward, Aug. B. .Terr' 
 Wyche, James E. . . .Terr' 
 
 Wylie, Andrew Terr' 
 
 Yell, Archibald Dist. 
 
 Judge. .Michigan. 
 Judge. .Second Circuit. 
 Judge. .Alabama. 
 1 Judge. Michigan. 
 Judge. . Second Circuit. 
 I Judge. Michigan. 
 1 Judge. Washington. 
 1 Judge. Dist. of Columbia. 
 Judge. .Arkansas. 
 
 COURT OF CLAIMS. 
 
 ORIGINAL ORGANIZATION, 1855. THREE 
 JUDGES. 
 
 John J. Gilchrist, of New Hampshire, appointed 
 in 18.55. Died. 
 
 I8.\AC Blackfoud, of Indiana, appointed in 1855. 
 Died. 
 
 George P. Scarborough, of Virginia, appointed 
 in 1855. Resigned. 
 
 Edward G. Loring, of Massachusetts, appointed 
 in 1858. 
 
 J.\MBS Hughes, of Indiana, appointed in 1860. 
 Resigned. 
 
 Joseph C.iset, of Pennsylvania, appointed in 1861. 
 Chief Justice, 186y. Resigned. 
 
 RE-ORGANIZED, 1863. FIVE JUDGES. 
 
 D.^viD WiLMOT, of Pennsylvania, appointed in 
 1863. Died. 
 
 Ebenezer Peck, of Illinois, appointed in 1863. 
 Charles C. Nott, of New York, appointed in 1865. 
 Samuel Millig.^n, of Tennessee, appointed in 
 1868. Died. 
 
 Charles D. Dr.ike, of Missouri, appointed ia 
 1870. Chief Justice. 
 
 William A. Richardson, of Massachusetts, ap- 
 pointed in 1874. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 
 
 In charge of Secretary of State, three Assistant 
 Secretaries, and one Cliief Clerk. 
 
 BUREAU OF INDEXES AND ARCHIVES. 
 
 The duty of opening the mails ; preparing and 
 registering daily, full abstracts of all correspondence 
 to and from the Department ; indexing such corres- 
 pondence, both by subjects and persons ; the preser- 
 vation of the archives, and the arrangement of the 
 papers to accompany the Messages and Reports to 
 Congress ; answering calls of the Secretary, Assis- 
 tant Secretaries, Chief Clerk and Chief of Bureaus 
 for correspondence, etc., etc. 
 
 DIPLOMATIC BUREAU. 
 
 Diplomatic correspondence and miscellaneous cor- 
 respondence relating thereto. 
 
 CONSULAR BUREAU. 
 
 Correspondence with consulates and miscellaneous 
 correspondence relating thereto. 
 
 BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Custody and disbursement of appropriations under 
 direction of the Department ; charged with indemnity 
 funds and bonds ; care of the building and property 
 of the Department ; disbursement of the construc- 
 tion-fund of the new State, War, and Navy DeDart- 
 ments building. 
 
 BUREAU OF ROLLS AND LIBRARY. 
 
 Custody of the rolls, treaties, etc. ; promulgation of 
 the laws, etc. ; care and superintendence of the library 
 and public documents ; care of the revolutionary 
 archives of international commissions. 
 
 BUREAU OF STATISTICS. 
 
 Preparation of the reports upon Commercial Rela- 
 tions. 
 
 LAW BUREAU. 
 
 (From the Department of Justice.) The examina- 
 tion of all questions of law submitted by the Secre- 
 tary or the Assistant Secretaries, and of all claims. 
 
 OFFICE OF PRIVATE SECRETARY. 
 In charge of Confidential Correspondence. 
 
 OFFICE OF TRANSLATOR. 
 In charge of all translations made in Department. 
 
 OFFICE OF PARDONS AND COMMISSIONS. 
 
 OFFICE OF PASSPORTS. 
 
 TELEGRAPH OFFICE. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT OF MAILS. 
 
548 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. 
 
 According to the law there shall be at the seat of 
 Government an Executive Department to be known 
 as the Department of Justice, and an Attorney-Gen- 
 eral, who shall be the head thereof. 
 
 There shall be in this Department an officer, learned 
 in the law, to assist the Attorney-General in the per- 
 formance of his duties, called the Solicitor-General, 
 who shall be appointed by the President by and with 
 the advice and consent of the Senate. In case of a 
 vacancy in the office of Attorney-General, or of his 
 absence or disability, the Solictitor-General shall have 
 power to exercise all the duties of that office. 
 
 There shall be in this Department three officers, 
 learned in the law, called the Assistant Attorneys-Gen- 
 eral, who shall be appointed by the President, by and 
 with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall 
 assist the Attorney-General and Solictor-General in 
 the performance of their duties. 
 
 There shall be in this Department a Solicitor of the 
 Treasury, an Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury, a 
 Solicitor of Internal Revenue, a Naval Solicitor, and 
 an Examiner of Claims for the Department of State, 
 who shall be appointed by the President, by and with 
 the advice and consent of the Senate. 
 
 The Attorney-General shall give his advice and 
 opinion upon questions of law, whenever required by 
 the President. 
 
 The head of an Executive Department may require 
 the opinion of the Attorney-General ou any questions 
 of law arising in the administration of his Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 'I'he Attorney-General may require any solicitor or 
 officer of the Department of Justice to perform 
 any duty required of the Department or any officer 
 thereof. 
 
 The Attorney-General shall exercise general super- 
 
 intendence and direction over the attorneys and 
 marshals of all the districts in the United States and 
 the Territories as to the manner of discharging their 
 respective duties; and the several district attorneys 
 and marshals are required to report to the Attorney- 
 General an account of their official proceedings, and 
 of the state and condition of their respective offices, 
 in such time and manner as the Attorney-General 
 may direct. 
 
 Whenever the head of a Department or Bureau 
 gives the Attorney-General due notice that the in- 
 terests of the United States require the service of 
 counsel upon the examination of witnesses touching 
 any claim, or upon the legal investigation of any 
 claim, pending in such Department or Bureau, the 
 Attorney-General shall provide for such service. 
 
 The Attorney-General shall from time to time cause 
 to be edited, and printed at the Government Printing 
 Office, an edition of one thousand copies of such of 
 the opinions of the law officers herein authorized to be 
 given as he may deem valuable for preservation in 
 volumes. 
 
 The Department of Justice shall be charged with 
 the distribution to the various Judges and courts of 
 the statutes, reports, and other judicial documents 
 provided for by law. 
 
 A register of the statutes of the United States and 
 reports of the Supreme Court, shall be kept, under 
 the authority of the head of the Department of 
 Justice, showing the quantity of each kind received 
 by him from the Secretary of the Interior ; and it 
 shall be his duty to cause to be entered in such regis- 
 ter, and at the proper time, when, where, and to 
 whom the same, or any part of them, have been dis- 
 tributed and delivered, and to report the same to 
 Congress in his annual report. 
 
 JUDICIAL CIECUITS. 
 
 The judicial districts of the United States are 
 divided into nine circuits, as follows : 
 
 First. The first circuit includes the districts of 
 Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and 
 Maine. 
 
 Second. The second circuit includes the districts 
 of Vermont, Connecticut, and New York. 
 
 Third. The third circuit includes the districts of 
 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. 
 
 Fourth. The fourth circuit includes the districts of 
 Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, 
 and South Carolina. 
 
 Fifth. The fifth circuit includes the districts of 
 Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, 
 and Texas. 
 
 Sixth. The sixth circuit includes the districts of 
 Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee. 
 
 Seventh. The seventh circuit includes the districts 
 Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. 
 
 Eighth. The eighth circuit includes th*^ districts of 
 Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Ninth. The ninth circuit includes the districts of 
 California, Oregon, and Nevada. 
 
 INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 
 
 This Department is in charge of the Secretary of 
 the Interior, and one Assistant Secretary, who have 
 the supervision and management of the following 
 branches of the public service : 
 
 THE PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 The chief of this office is called the Commissioner 
 of the General Land Office. It is charged with the 
 survey, management, and sale of the public domain, 
 and the issuing of titles therefor, whether derived 
 from confirmation of grants made by former govern- 
 ments, by sales, donations, or grants for schools, mil- 
 itary bounties, or public improvements, and likewise 
 the revision of Virginia military bounty land claims, 
 and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof. The Land 
 Office, also, audits its owh accounts. 
 
 PENSIONS. 
 
 The Commissioner of this burean is charged with 
 the examination and adjudication of all claims aris- 
 ing under the various and numerous laws passed by 
 Congress, granting bounty-land or pensions for the 
 military or naval service in the Revolutionary and 
 subsequent wars in which the United States have 
 been engaged. 
 
 INDIANS. 
 
 This bureau is in charge of a Commissioner of In 
 dian Affairs, who has control of all business con- 
 nected with the Indian tribes. 
 
 PATENT OFFICE. 
 To this bureau, whose head is called a Commis- 
 sioner, is committed the execution and performance 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 549 
 
 of all "acts and things touching and respecting the 
 granting and issuing of patents for new and useful 
 discoveries, inventions, and improvements;" and the 
 collection of statistics. 
 
 Besides the above principal branches, this Execu- 
 tive Department has charge of the mines of the 
 United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of 
 the United States in the District of Columbia, also 
 has the duty of taking and returning the Censuses of 
 the United States, and of supervising and directing the 
 acts of the Commissioner of Public Buildings. The 
 Hospital for the Insane of the Army and Navy, and 
 of the District of Columbia, and the appointment of 
 Governors and Secretaries of Territories, the United 
 
 States Capital Extension, and the Columbia Hos- 
 pital for Women are also under the management of 
 this Department, 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 This branch of public business is in charge of a 
 Commissioner, and has been reorganized into a Depart- 
 ment, and is independent of the Interior Department, 
 of which it was formerly a subordinate bureau. 
 
 BUREAU OF EDUCATION. 
 This is an independent Bureau, the duties of which 
 may be gathered from its title, and is in charge of a 
 Commissioner. 
 
 TEEASUKY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Treasury Department is in charge of the Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury, and two Assistant Secretaries, 
 and the following is a brief indication of the duties 
 of the several bureaus : 
 
 SECRETARY'S OFFICE. 
 
 The Secretary is charged with the general super- 
 vision of the fiscal transactions of the Government, 
 and of the execution of the laws concerning the com- 
 merce and navigation of the United States. He su- 
 perintends the survey of the coast, the light-house 
 establishment, the marine hospitals of the United 
 States, and the construction of certain public build- 
 ings for custom-houses and otlier purposes. 
 
 FIRST COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. 
 
 He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering 
 accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well 
 as the public lands, and revises and certifies the bal- 
 ances arising thereon. 
 
 SECOND COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. 
 
 He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering 
 the accounts of the Army and Navy, and of the Indian 
 and Pension Bureaus, of the public service, and re- 
 vises and certifies the balances arising thereon. 
 
 OFFICE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS. 
 
 He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering 
 the accounts of the customs revenue and disburse- 
 ments, and for the building and repairing of custom- 
 houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances 
 arising thereon. 
 
 FIRST AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and adjusts the accounts of the cus- 
 toms revenue and disbursements, appropriations and 
 expenditures on the account of the civil list and un- 
 der private acts of Congress, and reports the balances 
 to the Commissioner of the customs and the First 
 Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon. 
 
 SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the 
 pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as 
 armories, arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts relat- 
 ing to Jhe Indian Department, and reports the balances 
 to the second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 
 
 THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence 
 of the army, fortifications, Military Academy, mili- 
 tary roads, and the Quartermaster's Department, as 
 well as for pensions, claims arisina; from military 
 services previous to 1816, and for horses and other 
 
 property lost in the military service, under various 
 acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Sec- 
 ond Comptroller for his decision thereon. 
 
 FOURTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and adjusts all accounts for the service 
 of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to 
 the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 
 
 FIFTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplomatic 
 and similar services performed under the direction of 
 the State Department, and reports the balances to 
 the First Comptroller for his decision thereon. 
 
 SIXTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from 
 the service of the Post-Office Department. His de- 
 cisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve 
 mouths to the First Comptroller. He superintends 
 the collection of all debts due the Post-Office Depart- 
 ment, and all penalties and forfeitures imposed on 
 postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do 
 their duty ; he directs suits and legal proceedings, 
 civil and criminal, and takes all such measures as 
 may be authorized by law to enforce the prompt pay- 
 ment of moneys due to the department ; instructing 
 United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all 
 matters relating thereto ; and receives returns from 
 each terra of the United States courts of the condi- 
 tion and progress of such suits and legal proceedings; 
 has charge of all lands and other property assigned 
 to the United States in payment of debts due the 
 Post-Office Department, and has power to sell and 
 dispose of the same for the benefit of the United 
 
 TREASURER'S OFFICE. 
 
 He receives and keeps the moneys of the United 
 States in his own office, and that of the depositories 
 created by the Act of August 0, 1846. and pays out 
 the same upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, 
 and upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-General, 
 countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by 
 the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced 
 by warrants to disbursing officers, and pays out the 
 same upon their checks. 
 
 REGISTER'S OFFICE. 
 
 He keeps the accounts of public receipts and ex- 
 penditures ; receives the returns, and makes out tlie 
 official statement of commerce and navigation of the 
 United States ; and receives from the First Comptrol- 
 ler and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and 
 vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law 
 with their safe-keeping. 
 
550 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. 
 
 Secretary of the Treasury ex-officio President. 
 This board directs the building and repairing of light- 
 houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts 
 for supplies of oil, etc. 
 
 UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. 
 
 It has one Superintendent, who is also Superin. 
 tendent of Weights and Measures. All the charts of 
 the Government emanate from this office. 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE. 
 
 A Commissioner, who has charge of all matters 
 connected with the Tax Laws. 
 
 COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. 
 
 The head of this olBce has charge of everything 
 connected with the issuing of money. 
 
 BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 This office is in charge of a Supervising Architect 
 and several Assistant Architects. 
 
 UNITED STATES MINT. 
 
 This establishment is located in Philadelphia, but 
 is under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Department. 
 
 POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 ONE POSTMASTEK-GENERAL AND THREE ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 
 
 {All this information officiaUy communicated hy the Department.) 
 
 The direction and management of the Post-Oifice 
 Department are assigned by the Constitution and laws 
 to the Postmaster-General. That its business may 
 be the more conveniently arranged and prepared 
 for his final action, it is distributed among several 
 bureaus, as follows : 
 
 The Appointment Office, including the divisions 
 of appointments, bonds, salaries and allowances, free 
 delivery, and blank-agency, in charge of the First 
 Assistant Postmaster-General. 
 
 Appointment Division. — To this division is assigned 
 the duty of preparing all cases for the establishment, 
 discontinuance, and change of name or site of post- 
 offices, and for the appointment of all postmasters, 
 special, route, and local agents, railway postal clerks, 
 mail-route messengers, and departmental employes, 
 and attending to all correspondence consequent 
 thereto. 
 
 Bond Dii'idon. — To this division is assigned the 
 duty of receiving and recording appointments ; send- 
 ing out papers for postmasters and their assistants to 
 qualify ; receiving, entering, and filing their bonds 
 and oaths ; and issuing the commissions for post- 
 masters. 
 
 SiUary and Allowance Dimsion. — To this division is 
 assigned the duty of re-adjusting the salaries of 
 postmasters, and the consideration of allowances for 
 rent, fuel, and lights, clerk-hire, aud miscellaneous 
 expenditures. 
 
 Free Delivery. — To this division is assigned the 
 duty of preparing cases for the inauguration of the 
 system in cities, the appointment of letter-carriers, 
 the regulation of allowances for incidental expenses, 
 aud the general supervision of the system through- 
 out the United States. 
 
 Blank-Agency Division. — To this division is as- 
 signed the duty of sending out the blanks, wrapping- 
 paper and twine, letter-balances and cancel ing-stamps, 
 to offices entitled to the same, as enumerated in 
 Chapter V. 
 
 The Contract Office, including the divisions of 
 contracts, inspection, mail equipments, special agents 
 and mail depredations, and the topographical divi- 
 sion, in charge of the Second Assistant Postmaster- 
 General. 
 
 Contract Division. — To this division is assigned the 
 business of arranging the mail service of the United 
 States, and placing the same under contract, embrac- 
 ing all correspondence aud proceedings respecting the 
 frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of 
 departures and arrivals on all the routes ; the course 
 of the mails between the different sections of the 
 country, the points of mail distribution, and the 
 regulations for the government of the domestic mail 
 
 service of the United States. It prepares the adver- 
 tisements for mail propo.sals, receives the bids, and 
 has chargeof the annual and occasional mail lettings, 
 and the adjustment and execution of the contracts. 
 All applications for the establishment or alteration of 
 mail arangements, and for mail messengers, should 
 be sent to this office. All claims should be submitted 
 to it for transportation service not under contract. 
 From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes 
 receive the statement of mail arrangements prescribed 
 for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the 
 Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders affect- 
 ing the accounts for mail transportation ; prepares 
 the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the 
 reports to Congress of the mail lettings, giving a 
 statement of each bid ; also, of the contracts made, 
 the new service originated, the curtailments ordered, 
 and the additional allowances granted within the 
 year. 
 
 Inspection Division. — To this division is assigned 
 the duty of receiving and examining the registers of 
 the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates 
 of the service of route-agents, and reports of mail 
 failures; noting the delinquencies of contractors, and 
 preparing cases thereon for the action of the Post- 
 master-General ; furnishing blanks for mail registers, 
 reports of mail failures, and other duties which may 
 be necessary to secure a faithful and exact perform- 
 ance of all mail contracts and service. 
 
 Mail-Equipment Division. — To this division is 
 assigned the issuing of mail locks and keys, mail 
 pouches and sacks, and the construction of mail-bag 
 catchers. 
 
 Division of Special Agents and Mail Depredations. 
 — All cases of mail depredation, or violation of law 
 by private expresses, or by the forging or illegal use 
 of postage-stamps, are under the supervision of this 
 division, and should be reported to it. Special agents 
 of the Department make their reports to this division, 
 and all accounts of special agents for salary, per 
 diem, and expenses are also transmitted to the chief 
 of this division for examination and presentation for 
 allowance to the Postmaster-General. 
 
 Topographical Division. — This division is charged 
 with the preparation of the post-route maps and dia- 
 grams, aud with the keejiing up of the geograpliical 
 information requisite for the various branches of the 
 postal service. 
 
 The Finance Office, including the divisions of 
 finance, postage-stamps, and stamped envelopes, reg- 
 istered letters, and dead letters, in charge of the 
 Third Assistant Postmaster-General. 
 
 Division of Finance.— To this division is assigned 
 the duty of issuing drafts aud warrants iu payment 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 551 
 
 of balances reported by tlie Auditor to be due to mail- 
 oontractors or other persons ; the superintendence of 
 the collection of revenue at depository, draft, and de- 
 positing offices, and the accounts between the Depart- 
 ment aud the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers and 
 and special designated depositories of the United 
 States. Tliis division receives all accounts, monthly 
 or quarterly, of the depository and draft offices, and 
 certificates of deposit from depositing offices. 
 
 Division of Postage-Stamps and Sta/nped Envelopes. 
 —To this division is assigned the issuing of postage- 
 ttauips, stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, 
 and postal-cards ; also, the supplying of postmasters 
 with envelopes for their official use and registered 
 package envelopes and seals. 
 
 Division of Registered Letters. — To this division is 
 assigned the duty of preparing instructions for the 
 guidance of postmasters relative to registered letters, 
 and all correspondence connected therewith ; also, 
 the compilation of statistics as to the transactions of 
 the business. 
 
 Division of Dead Letters. — To this division is as- 
 signed the examination and return to the writers of 
 dead letters, aud all correspondence relating thereto. 
 
 The Money -Order Office, in charge of the 
 
 superintendent of the money-order system. — To this 
 office is assigned the general supervision and control 
 of the postal money-order system throughout the 
 United States, and the supervision of the interna- 
 tional money-order correspondence with foreign 
 countries. 
 
 The Office op Foreign Mails, in charge of 
 a superintendent. — To this office is assigned all 
 foreign postal arrangements, and the supervision of 
 the ocean mail steamship service. 
 
 The Auditor of the Treasury for the Post- 
 Office Department. — This is a bureau of the 
 Treasury Department, which, for convenience, is 
 located in the (ieneral Post-Office building. To 
 this officer is assigned the duly of auditing the ac- 
 counts of the Post-Office Department. All commu- 
 nications relating to the accounts of postmasters, 
 mail-contractors, and other agents of the Department 
 should be addressed to this officer. 
 
 In addressing communications to the Department, 
 care must be exercised that they not only bear the 
 address of the officer in charge of the bureau to 
 which the business relates, but also the division to 
 which it specially belongs. 
 
 EATES OF POSTAGE ON DOMESTIC MAIL-MATTER. 
 
 [Note. — The weight of any packajje to be sent in the mail mopt not exceed four pounds, except books and documeDts printed 
 by order of Congress, or emanating from any of the executive departments.] 
 
 The following are the rates of postage chargeable 
 on domestic mail-matter of the different classes. 
 
 The mode of computing the rates upon inland let- 
 ters (/. e., letters from one office within the United 
 States or Territories to another), is as follows, to wit: 
 Single rate if not exceeding half an ounce; double 
 rate if exceeding half an ounce, but not exceeding an 
 ounce ; treble rate if exceeding an ounce, but not ex- 
 ceeding an ounce and a half; and so on, charging an 
 additional rate for every additional half ounce or 
 fraction of half an ounce. 
 
 A siugle rate of three cents is uniformly established 
 on domestic letters. 
 
 At the post-office where letters, brought by vessels 
 or steamboats not employed in carrying the mail from 
 any domestic or foreign port, are deposited, they will 
 be charged with double rates of postage, to be col- 
 lected at the office of delivery — that is to say, six 
 cents for the single weight if mailed, and four cents 
 the single weight if delivered at the office ; but if 
 such letter has been prepaid by United States stamps 
 at such double rate of postage, no additional charge 
 will be made. If only partly prepaid by stamps, the 
 unpaid balauce will be charged and collected on de- 
 livery. 
 
 If such letter is addressed to any point in a foreign 
 country no fee will be allowed thereon by the post- 
 master to the carrier. 
 
 RATES OF POSTAGE ON FIRST-CLASS MAT- 
 TER. 
 
 On letters, sealed packages, mail-matter wholly or 
 partly in writiug, except book manuscript and cor- 
 rected proofs passing between authors and publish- 
 ers, and except local or drop letters, or United States 
 postal cards ; all printed matter so marked as to con- 
 vey any other or further information than is conveyed 
 by the original print, except the correction of mere 
 typographical errors ; all matter otherwise charge- 
 able with letter postage, but which is so wrapped or 
 secured that it cannot be conveniently examined by 
 postmasters without destroying the wrapper or en- 
 velope ; all packages containing matter not in itself 
 chargeable with letter postage, but in which is in- 
 closed or concealed any letter, memorandum, or other 
 
 thing chargeable with letter postage, or upon which 
 is any writing or memorandum ; all matter to which 
 no specific rate of postage is assigued ; and manu- 
 script for publication in newspapers, magazines, or 
 periodicals, three cents for each half ounce or fraction 
 thereof. 
 
 On local or drop letters, at offices where free deliv- 
 ery by carriers is established, two cents for each half 
 ounce or fraction thereof. 
 
 On local or drop letters, at offices where free deliv- 
 ery by carriers is not established, one cent for each 
 half ounce or fraction thereof. 
 
 RATES OF POSTAGE ON SECOND-CLASS MAT- 
 TER. 
 
 Mailable matter of this class embraces all news- 
 papers, magazines, and periodicals, exclu.sively in 
 print, and regularly issued at stated periods from a 
 known office of publication, without addition by writ- 
 ing, mark, or sign, and addressed to regular subscrib- 
 ers. 
 
 A regular subscriber is a person who has actually 
 paid, or undertaken to pay, a subscription price for a 
 newspaper, magazine, or other periodical, or for 
 whom such payment has been made or undertaken 
 to be made by some other person. But, in the latter 
 case, such payment must have been made or under- 
 taken with the previous consent or at the previous 
 request of the person to whom such newspaper, 
 magazine, or periodical is sent. A person to whom 
 any such publication is sent without his consent or 
 request, is not a "regular subscriber" within the 
 meaning of the law, and if there be no evidence of 
 prepayment on the package, double transient rates of 
 postage must be rated up and collected on delivery. 
 
 Specimen copies of a newspaper, or copies sent to 
 any other than regular subscribers, cannot be sent 
 through the mails at the pound rates. The subscrip- 
 tion necessary to constitute the person making it, or 
 for whom it is made, a regular sub.scriber, must be 
 for n period of time for which the publisher according 
 to his published terms offers to supply his publica- 
 tion to subscribers hj mail. 
 
 Act of June 23, 1874, is as follows : 
 
 That on aud after the 1st day of January, 1875, all 
 
552 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 newspapers and periodical publications mailed from 
 a known office of publication or news agency, and ad- 
 dressed to regular subscribers or news agents, postage 
 shall be charged at the following rates; On newspa- 
 pers and periodical publications, issued weekly and 
 oftener, 3 cents a pound or fraction thereof ; less fre- 
 quently, 3 cents a pound or fraction thereof : Pro- 
 vided, Tliat nothing in this act shall be lield to change 
 or amend section 99 of the Act entitled " An Act to 
 revise, consolidate, and amend the statutes relating 
 to the Post-Office Department," approved June 8, 
 1872. 
 
 The section provided that on and after the 1st day 
 of January, 187.5, " all newspapers and periodical 
 publications mailed from a known oflBce of publica- 
 tion or news agency, and addressed to regular sub- 
 scribers or news agents," shall be divided into two 
 classes, and fixes the postage on each as follows: 
 
 (1.) On all newspapers and periodical publications, 
 addressed and mailed as above prescribed, and issued 
 weekly or oftener, 2 cents a pound or fraction there- 
 of. 
 
 (3.) On all newspapers and periodical publications, 
 addressed and mailed as above prescribed, and issued 
 less frequently than once a week, 3 cents a pound or 
 fraction thereof. 
 
 That on and after the 1st day of January, 1875, 
 upon the receipt of such newspapers and periodical 
 publications at the office of mailing, they shall be 
 weighed in bulk, and postage paid thereon by a spe- 
 cial adhesive stamp, to be devised and furnished by 
 the Postmaster-General, which shall be affixed to such 
 matter, or to the sack containing the same, or upon a 
 memorandum of such mailing, or otherwise, as the 
 Postmaster-General may, from time to time, provide 
 by regulation. 
 
 Under this section, on and after the 1st day of Jan 
 uary, 1875, publishers and news agents shall tender 
 their newspapers and periodicals intended to be sent 
 through the mails at the office of mailing, properly 
 assorted into the two classes described above, so that 
 they may be weiglied in bulk separately. The post- 
 age thereon must be prepaid, according to the weight 
 of the sacks, by " special adhesive stamps." furnished 
 by the Department for that purpose ; ordinary post- 
 age stamps cannot be used for this purpose, nor can 
 these special adhesive stamps be used for any other 
 purpose. 
 
 After weighing the mail matter (mentioned in the 
 foregoing fifth section) received from a publisher or 
 news agent, the postmaster will collect the proper 
 amount of postage, and give a receipt from a book of 
 blank forms furnished by the Department for this 
 purpose. The stamps will then be affixed to the stub 
 of the receipt, and perforated with a punch for can- 
 cellation, and the blank spaces in the stub will be 
 properly filled. 
 
 The stub books are to be kept permanently in the 
 post-office, ready to be produced whenever demanded 
 by the Department. 
 
 Postmasters will also be required to render prompt- 
 ly, at the close of each quarter, on blank forms fur- 
 nished for the purpose, a statement of postage col- 
 lected from each publisher or news agent during the 
 quarter; 
 
 The special adhesive stamps, or newspaper and 
 periodical stamps, as they have been termed, will be 
 charged to postmasters and accounted for in the same 
 manner as ordinary postage stamps issued for sale to 
 the public. 
 
 The weights of the sacks usually employed for this 
 purpose (transmitting newspapers and periodicals 
 from the office of pulilication to the post-office) have 
 been ascertained by actually weighing them, to be as 
 follows : 
 
 lbs. oz. 
 
 No. l.jutesack 2 8 
 
 No. 2, j ute sack 3. 
 
 Ibe. oz. 
 
 No. 1, cotton 3 4 
 
 No. 2, cotton 3 8 
 
 Postmasters are authorized to deduct the weights 
 of the sacks as fixed above. 
 
 The proviso to section 5 of the law (above) is as 
 follows : That nothing in this act shall be held to 
 change or amend section 99 of laws and regulations 
 (edition 1873, page 61), as follows : 
 
 That the rate of postage on newspapers, excepting 
 weeklies, periodicals not exceeding two ounces in 
 weight, and circulars, when the same are deposited 
 in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the office or 
 its carriers, shall be uniform at one cent each : peri- 
 odicals weighing more than two ounces shall be sub- 
 ject to a postage of two cents each, and these rates 
 shall be prepaid by stamps. 
 
 LOCAL PAPERS, ETC., AT LETTER-CARRIER 
 OFFICES. 
 
 Under this section the postage on newspapers (ex- 
 cepting weeklies), periodicals, and circulars deposited 
 in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the office 
 (through the box or general delivery), or by its car- 
 riers, is as follows : 
 
 1. On newspapers (excepting weeklies), whether 
 regular or transient, and without regard to weight or 
 frequency of issue, one cent each. 
 
 3. On periodicals (other than newspapers), whether 
 regular or transient, not exceeding two ounces in 
 weight, one cent each. 
 
 3. On periodicals (other than newspapers), whether 
 regular or transient, exceeding two ounces in weight, 
 two cents each. 
 
 4. Circulars, unsealed, one cent each. These rates 
 to be prepaid by postage stamps affixed. 
 
 5. Weekly newspapers (excepted above) to regular 
 subscribers, two cents per pound, to be weighed in 
 bulk, and prepaid at the office of mailing. 
 
 6. Weekly newspapers to transient parties one cent 
 for each ounce or fraction thereof, to be prepaid by 
 postage stamps affixed. 
 
 That newspapers, one copy to each actual sub- 
 scriber residing within the county where the same 
 are printed, in whole or in part, and published, shall 
 go free through the mails; but the same sliall not be 
 delivered at letter-carrier offices or distributed by 
 carriers unless postage is paid tliereon as by law pro- 
 vided. 
 
 COUNTY PAPERS. 
 
 Newspapers (without regard to frequency of issue), 
 one copy to each subscriber actually for the time be- 
 ing reni'diiiff in the county where the same are printed, 
 in whole or in part, and published, are entitled to 
 pass free of postage through the mails ; but the rate 
 of postage on the same (excepting weeklies) when 
 deposited in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the 
 office or its carriers, shall be uniform, at one cent 
 each. Weeklies, and papers issued more frequently, 
 when sent through the mails to a letter-cnri ier office 
 in the county where the same are printed, in whole 
 or in part, and published, to be delivered through the 
 box or general delivery, or by carriers, shall be 
 weighed in bulk and be subject to a postage of two 
 cents per pound, and papers issued less frequently 
 three cents per pound, to be prepaid at the mailing 
 office by special adhesive stamps. 
 
 Publishers of newspapers may, without subjecting 
 them to extra postage, fold within their regular 
 issues a supplement ; but in all cases the added mat- 
 ter must be a genuine supplement, that is, matter sup- 
 plied in order to complete that to which it is added or 
 supplemented, but left out of the regular issue for 
 want of space, time, or greater convenience. As used 
 in relation to newspapers, a supplement is held to be 
 matter proper to be inserted in the newspaper to 
 which it is supplied, but has not been for want of 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 553 
 
 space, or want of time, or because it is more conve- 
 nient regarding space or time, or eitlier, tliat it 
 should be printed on a separate slieet. It is not in- 
 dispensable, or necessary, that the sheet should be 
 printed at the office of the newspaper to which it is 
 intended to be a supplement ; but if printed there or 
 elsewhere, to be considered or treated as a supple- 
 ment it must be printed with the intention and pur- 
 pose only of supplying an omission in that particular 
 issue of the newspaper to which it professes to be a 
 supplement, and not for another distinct and separate 
 use. It should have direct relation to the paper sup- 
 plemented, and without which the paper supplement- 
 ed would be incomplete. 
 
 Publishers of new.spapers cannot send specimen 
 numbers of their papers to postmasters and others 
 without prepaying postage thereon. Prospectuses of 
 newspapers, whether accompanying the same or sent 
 separately, are to be charged as circulars, and postage 
 required in advance 
 
 Bonn fide subscribers to county newspapers can re- 
 ceive the same free of postage if they reside ill the 
 county in which the paper is printed, in whole or in 
 part, and pul)lished, even if the office to which the 
 paper is sent is without the county, provided it is 
 the office at which they regularly receive their mail- 
 matter. 
 
 Publications issued without disclosing the office of 
 publication, or containing a fictitious statement there- 
 of, or issued for gratuitious distribution, must not be 
 forwarded unless prepaid at the mailiug office at the 
 rate for third-class matter ; that they may be ad- 
 dressed to persons residing in the county with the of- 
 fice where they are mailed, or printed and published, 
 makes uo difference. 
 
 RATES OF POSTAGE ON THIRD-CLASS MAT- 
 TER. 
 
 Mailable matter of the third class embraces all 
 pamphlets, occasional publications, transient news- 
 papers, magazines, handbills, posters, unsealed cir- 
 culars, prospectuses, books, book-manuscript, proof- 
 sheets, maps, prints, engravings, blanks, flexible pat- 
 terns, articles of merchandize, sample cards, phono- 
 graphic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes and 
 wrappers, cards, plain and ornamental paper, photo- 
 graphic representations of different types, seeds, cut- 
 tings, bulbs, roots, scions, and all other matter which 
 may be declared mailable by law, and all other arti- 
 cles not above the weight prescribed by law, which 
 are not, from their form or nature, liable to destroy, 
 deface, or otherwise injure the contents of the mail- 
 bag or the person of any one engaged in the postal 
 service. Postage, one cent for each ounce or fraction 
 thereof. 
 
 All packages of matter of the third class must be 
 so wrapped or enveloped, with open sides or ends, 
 that their contents may be readily and thoroughly 
 examined by postmasters without destroying the 
 wrappers : but seeds, and other articles liable, from 
 their form or nature, to loss or damage unless spe- 
 cially protected, may be inclosed in unsealed bags or 
 boxes which can readily be opened for examination 
 of the contents and reclosed ; or sealed bags, made 
 of material sufficiently transparent to show the con- 
 tents clearly, without opening, may be used for such 
 matter. 
 
 No writing will be permitted upon articles of this 
 class, or their wrappers or envelopes, except the ad- 
 
 dress of destination. Any other writing in or upon 
 any package or article of this class will subject it to 
 letter rates of postage. 
 
 Matter of the third class inclosed in sealed envel- 
 opes notched at the ends or sides, or with the corners 
 cut off, cannot be mailed except at letter postage 
 rates. 
 
 Matter of the second and third classes, containing 
 any writing whatever, except the address, will be 
 charged with letter postage. 
 
 There is no objection to a business card printed or 
 impressed on the wrapper or envelope of any tliird- 
 class matter, or a simple mark designed to call atten- 
 tion to any article in printed matter, or the correction 
 of a mere typographical error. 
 
 POSTAL CARDS. 
 
 The object of the postal card is to facilitate letter 
 correspondence and provide for the transmission 
 through the mails, at a reduced rate of postage, of 
 short communications, either printed or written in 
 pencil or ink. They may therefore be used for or- 
 ders, invitations, notices, receipts, acknowledgments, 
 price-lists, and other requirements of business and 
 social life ; and the matter desired to be conveyed 
 may be either in writing or in print, or partially in 
 both. 
 
 In their treatment as mail- matter they are to be re- 
 garded by postmasters the same as sealed letters, 
 and not as printed matter, except that in no cnse will 
 nnchiimed cards be returned to the writers or sent to 
 the Dead Letter Office. If not delivered within sixty 
 days from the time of receipt they will be burned by 
 postmasters. 
 
 The postage of one cent each is paid by the stamp 
 impressed on these cards, and no other or further 
 payment is required. 
 
 No card is a " postal card" except such as are is- 
 sued by the Post-Offlce Department. An ordinary 
 printed business card may be sent through the 
 mails when prepaid by a one cent postage stamp at- 
 tached ; but such card must contain absolutely 710 
 written matter except the address ; otherwise it will 
 be treated as not fully prepaid, and refused admis- 
 sion into the mails. 
 
 In using postal cards, be careful not to write or 
 have anything printed on the side to be used for the 
 address, except the address ; also be careful not to 
 paste, gum, or attach anything to them. They are 
 unmailable as postal cards when these suggestions 
 are disregarded. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES ARE UNMAIL- 
 ABLE. 
 
 Packages containing liquids, poisons, glass, explo- 
 sive chemicals, live animals, sharp-pointed instru- 
 ments, sugar, or any other matter liable to deface or 
 destroy the contents of the mail, or injure the person 
 of any one connected with the service. All letters 
 upon the envelope of which, or postal card upon 
 which obscene, scurrilous, or abusive epithets have 
 been written or printed, or disloyal devices printed 
 or engraved, and letters and circulars coucerning il- 
 legal lotteries so called, gift concerts, or other simi- 
 lar enterprises offering prizes, or concerning schemes 
 devised and intended to deceive and defraud the pub- 
 lic. Also, all obscene, lewd, or lascivious books, pam- 
 phlets, pictures, papers, prints, or other publications 
 1 of an indecent character. 
 
554 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 FOKEIGN POSTAGE TABLE, 
 
 S/iowitig the Sates of Postage chargeable in the United States on Letters, Newspapers, etc., sent in the Mails 
 to Foreign Countries on and after July 1, 1875. 
 
 
 OuDiNARY Letters. 
 
 1 
 
 s, 
 
 Registered 
 Matteh. 
 
 News- 
 fa TKUS. 
 
 Other 
 Printed 
 Matter. 
 
 Samples 
 OF Meb- 
 
 CUANDISK 
 
 COONTIUES OR PLACES OP DES- 
 TINATION. 
 
 i 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 >> 
 
 S, 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 Si 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 fl 
 
 Cm 
 E 
 
 1 
 a. 
 
 1) 
 o. 
 c 
 
 i| 
 
 S 5 
 i£ i 
 
 a. 
 
 Ozs. 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 *" a 
 
 If 
 
 Is 
 
 
 Optional. 
 
 Destination 
 
 do . 
 
 CIS. 
 15 
 31 
 27 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 2.1 
 2- 
 27 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 21 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 27 
 S.'J 
 15 
 27 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 3 
 
 11 
 27 
 11 
 
 21 
 27 
 
 n 
 
 27 
 33 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 13 
 5 
 SI 
 27 
 
 20 
 17 
 5 
 
 CIS 
 
 Cts. 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 cts. 
 
 Oze. 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 t 
 
 t 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 + 
 
 4 
 
 t 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 cts. 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 B 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 Cts. 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 10 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 5 
 8 
 10 
 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 10 
 2 
 5 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 cts. 
 
 4 
 
 
 f, 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 Africa, west coast of, BriUah Posses- 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 ConipiUfiofy. 
 do 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 do 
 
 4 
 
 AlReria. (See France) 
 Argentine Ccmfederation, U. S. packet 
 via Brazil 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 Destination 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 do 
 
 Destination 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 "i' 
 
 10 
 
 "io' 
 1(1 
 
 10 
 
 ■■"io' 
 
 
 Aiistrulii, i-sfi'pt New South Wales, via 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 fi 
 
 Hiiiisli mail via Briiidisi 
 
 do 
 
 H 
 
 
 Optional. 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Optional 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 . do. .. 
 
 do 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 Destination 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Destination 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 fl 
 
 Aziiies. (See Portugal.) 
 
 
 li.il.M.H- Isles. (See Spain.) 
 
 "I'.^'l ■ :iiii 
 
 r.,ii 1. lii-li Honduras.) 
 
 Bri ,1 ... 1 . MKlil 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 11. r_'. 1 - ^,H\ tJraniida.) 
 
 lii'l: : 1: ' : : !1 I il Via ColOH 
 
 lioii: r. I in lil via Southampton.. 
 i; 1- II 1 . Ml Brindisi 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 Bi^i " i! ■'■■■I III 111' 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 )ii:i/.il. l!rili-li Ulilil 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 t 
 + 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 6 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 British Columbia. (See Canada.) 
 British Honduras, British mail via St. 
 
 
 .... 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 
 in 
 
 Bueni)s Ayres. (See Argentine Confed- 
 eration.) 
 
 Ol)tiona1 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Destination 
 
 do 
 
 do. . 
 
 5 
 
 Cunula" 
 
 Canary Islands. (See Spain.) 
 
 Cape de Verde Isles. British mail' 
 
 10 
 4 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 4 
 
 
 do 
 
 do. . 
 
 4 
 
 Cartliagena. (See New Granada.) 
 Ceylon, liritish mail via Southampton.. 
 Uriiish mail via Brindisi . . .... 
 
 ....do 
 
 do.... 
 
 5 
 
 do.. . . 
 
 do. . 
 
 8 
 
 
 Compulsory. 
 Optional.... 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 Destination 
 
 do 
 
 in 
 
 China. U. S. packet. (See Hong-Kong 
 and Slianghai.) 
 
 British mail via Soathampton 
 
 British mail via Brindisi 
 
 5 
 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 do. 
 
 
 Oiil)a, diiui-l m,'iil< 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cunu-.ia, ill rtnt m.iil 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 •Denmark 
 
 Optional 
 
 do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 do 
 
 Optional .... 
 
 Destination 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 Destination 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 East Imlic's, British mail via S'thampton 
 
 Bl■i[i^hm•■il via Brindisi 
 
 Oerman mail. (See India.) 
 direct mail. (See Straits Settle- 
 ments.) 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 do. British mail via Colon 
 
 •Egypt 
 
 "i' 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 -io- 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 • " Other printed matter," limited to 2 pounds 3 ounces. Samples to S5i ounces. t Not limited. 
 
 ^ Newspapers 1 cent per ounce or fraction thereof, with 1 cent added for each paper. The rates on newspapers and priuted 
 mattcT cover the United States postage only. 
 ' ■'Jo samples e.vceeding 8 ounces can be forwarded in the mails. Newspapers to regtilar subscribers go at bulk rates. 
 ' For registered letters the postage is 15 cents per 15 grammes. 
 
 * Letters for Havana may be registered l>y British mail via St. Thomas at 13 cents per Ji ounce and 10 cents fee. 
 
 * " Other printed matter," not over one ounce. 2 cents ; over 1 ounce, but not over 2 ounces, 3 cents ; over 2 ounces, but not 
 over 4 ounces, 4 cents, being the United States postage only. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 555 
 
 FOREIGN POSTAGE TABhi:.—Conti7iued. 
 
 Falkland Islands, British mail via 
 
 ainpton 
 
 Faroe Islands. (See Deumarls.) 
 FRinando P(. 
 
 Finland. iSfR Russia.) 
 
 Fiji Islands, direct, via San Francisco. , 
 
 * France' 
 
 Ganil)ia, British mail via Southampton. 
 
 * Germany 
 
 Gibraltar, Bi-itisli mail via Southampton. 
 Gold Coast, British mail 
 
 * Great Britain aud Ireland 
 
 * Gret'ce . 
 
 iland, Danish mail 
 
 Greyiown, British mail via Colon 
 Guadaloope, British mail vi 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Guatemala, direct niaiP . 
 
 Guiana. British, French, and Dutch, via 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 Haviina. (See Cuba.) 
 Hawaiian Kitifrdom. direct mail 
 IliHS'iland. (See Germany.) 
 ' Holland. 
 
 Uoiig-Kuiigand Chinese porta of C!an. 
 toil, Swato'.v, Amoy, and Foo-Chow 
 via San Francisco 
 
 Iceland. (Si-e Denmark ) 
 
 India, (ilindostan, except Ceylon,) Ger- 
 
 n)an 
 
 nail. 
 
 Italy 
 Inland. (See Great Britain.) 
 
 Jamaica, direct mail 
 
 Japan, direct mail via San Francisco 
 
 British mail via Southampton.. 
 
 British mail via Brindisi 
 
 Java, British mail via Southampton 
 
 L Southampton 
 
 British mail via B 
 Labium. Briiish mail 
 
 Brhish mail via B 
 Lagos, British mail via Southampton. .. 
 Liberia, British mail via Southampton. 
 Madeira. (See Portugal.) 
 Mahe. (See Mauritius.) 
 Majorca. (See Spain.) 
 Malta. (ScH rir.-at Britain and Ireland.) 
 Manilla. (Sr,. Philippine islands.) 
 Mmliniqii.-. r.iiii>li mail via St. Thomas. 
 
 Mtxico, diruLt mail by sea'.. 
 
 do. by land routes 
 
 Minorca. (See Spain.) 
 
 Moldavia . . 
 
 Monienegro 
 
 Morocco, British mail 
 
 Nas.san. New Providence, direct mail. 
 (See Bahamas.) 
 
 Natal, British mail 
 
 Private ship from £ngland 
 
 * Netherlands 
 
 New Brun-wick. (See Canada.) 
 
 Newfoundland' 
 
 New Granada, direct mail 
 
 (except Aepinwall and Panama), via 
 British mail 
 
 OnDiNARr Letters. 
 
 Optional.. 
 Compulsory 
 
 Compulsi 
 
 ...do 
 
 Optional . 
 
 Compulsory 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Optional 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Compulsory 
 Optional ... 
 
 ■ do.. 
 
 Destination 
 
 Fort debarkat'n 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 Port debarkat'n, 
 
 Destination 
 
 Port debarkat'n, 
 Frontier line.... 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 Port debarkat'n. 
 
 .do 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 Other | 
 
 Phi 
 
 NTED 
 
 Matter. 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 o-i 
 
 
 
 
 
 tc 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !s 
 
 £ f 
 
 Ozs. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 'J 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 W 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 f, 
 
 2 
 
 H 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 Samples 
 OP Mer- 
 
 CBANUISB 
 
 x3 
 
 10 
 
 * '• Other printed matter " limited to 2 pounds, 3 ounces. Samples to %% ounces. 
 tNot limited. 
 
 * Printed matter and samples not over ] ounce. 2 cents ; over 1 ounce, but not over 2 ouncegi, 4 cents; over 2 ounces, but not 
 over 4 ounces, (i cents.— Union rates after Jan, 1. 167B. 
 
 ■■' Weijjht "f " other printed matter" limited to two pounds. 
 
 3The rates for newspapers aud other primed matit^r cover the United States postage only. Newspapers to regular subscribers 
 CO at bulk rates. 
 
 ■* Newspapers. 1 cent j'^r ounce or fraction tliereof. with 1 cent added on each paper. All correspondence received ftom 
 Mt'XJco. whether by sea or land routes, is chargealile with dometttic rates. 
 
 ^Letters, po.'ita] cards, and newspapers to desiinution. 
 
556 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 FOKEIGN POSTAGE TABhE. — Conimued. 
 
 
 Ordinary Letters. 
 
 i 
 g 
 1 
 
 Registered 
 
 Matter. 
 
 News- 
 
 Other 
 
 Printed 
 Matter. 
 
 Samples 
 ofMek- 
 ouandise 
 
 COUNTRIES OR PLACES OP DES- 
 TINATION. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 13 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 0) O 
 
 iS 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 J3 
 S 
 
 a 
 
 II 
 
 ts 
 
 ^ Ml 
 
 'i 
 t 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 t 
 4 
 4 
 t 
 4 
 
 + 
 t 
 
 + 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 t 
 
 \ 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 t 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 + 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 t 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 C(<. 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 d 
 
 Ozs. 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 '^ 
 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 10 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 10 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 a 
 a 
 
 Ozs. 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 i i 
 
 '55 
 
 0. J: 
 
 
 Compulsory.. 
 ....do 
 
 Port deharkat'n. 
 Destination 
 
 12 
 15 
 21 
 1-i 
 15 
 21 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 33 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 5 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 in 
 
 27 
 33 
 6 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 7 
 5 
 IS 
 23 
 
 10 
 13 
 
 5 
 5 
 13 
 
 Cte. 
 
 CU. 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 Cts. 
 
 ««. 
 
 British mail via Southampton 
 
 5 
 
 
 do.. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 British mail via Southampton 
 
 British mail via Brindisi 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Port deharkat'n. 
 
 Destination 
 
 Port deharkat'n. 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 •Norway 
 
 Nova Scotia. (See Canada.) 
 
 Optional.. .. 
 Compulsory. . 
 
 ....do 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 "'4' 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Paraguay, U. S. Packet via Brazil 
 
 10 
 
 Penaug. (See Straits Settlements.) 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 Philippine Islands, British mail via 
 
 .. do 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Optional.. .. 
 Compulsory.. 
 
 Destination 
 
 Port deharkat'n. 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 "2' 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 ■■'io' 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 •PortUL'al 
 
 Prince Edward's Island. (See Canada.) 
 Queensland. (See Australia.) 
 
 Optional 
 
 do 
 
 Destination 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Compulsory.. 
 ....do 
 
 Port debarkat'u. 
 do 
 
 
 Sandwich Isl's. (See Hawaiian Kinsd'ra.) 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 Scotland. (See Great Britain.) 
 
 Optional.... 
 Compulsory.. 
 
 Destination 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 Sierra Leone, British mail via Soulh- 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 Siniiaporo. (See Straits Settlements.) 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Spanish Possessions, North (3oast of 
 
 Africa. (See Spain.) 
 Spanish Postal Establishments, W. coast 
 
 Morocco. (See Spain.) 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 
 
 Compulsory.. 
 Optional.... 
 
 do 
 
 
 British mail via Southampton 
 
 "2' 
 2 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 ■"in" 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 •Sweden 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 
 Syria. (See Turkey.) 
 Tanuiers, British mail via Southampton. 
 TasmaTiia. (See Australia.) 
 Tripolis, Italian mail 
 
 Compulsory. . 
 do 
 
 Port deharkat'n 
 Destination 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "i' 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 "'io' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Turks Island. British mail via St.Thomas 
 Uruguay, U. S. Packet via Brazil 
 
 Compulsory.. 
 do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Port deharkat'n. 
 do 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 Vancouver's Island. (See Canada.) 
 Van Dieman's Land. (See Australia.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 "io 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 t 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 Victoria. (See Austr.alia,) 
 ♦Wullachia 
 
 Optional 
 Compulsory.. 
 
 Destination . .. 
 Port deharkat'n. 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 British mail via St. Thoma.^ 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 * " Other printed matter." limited to 2 pounds 3 ounces. Samples to 8Ji ounces. 
 • Letters only to destination. 
 
 ' This rate on letters for Spain is in consequence of the hiffh transit charges payable to France. The 
 cents will apply after January 1, 1876. when France joins the Postal Union. 
 « Newspapers one cent per ounce or fraction thereof, with one cent added per each paper. 
 
 DOMESTIC MONEY ORDERS. 
 
 Orders are issued in sums of not more than $.50. 
 Larger amounts, not exceeding $1.50, can be trans- 
 mitted to tlie same person, at the same time, by 
 additional orders. 
 
 The following instructions are intended to secure 
 payment of the order to the rightful party, and post- 
 
 masters are required to enforce them rigidly in every 
 respect, so far as a due regard to public convenience 
 will permit. After once paying a money order, by 
 whomsoever presented, the Post-Office Deimrtment 
 will not be liable to any further claim therefor. 
 The public are, therefore, strictly cautioned — 
 To take all means to prevent the loss of a money 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 557 
 
 order. To be careful in taking out a money order to 
 state correctly the given name, aa well as the sur- 
 name, of the person in whose favor it is drawn. 
 
 Also, to see that the name and address of the per- 
 son taking out the order are correctly made known to 
 the person in whose favor it is drawn. Neglect of 
 these instructions will risk the loss of money, besides 
 leading to delay and trouble in obtaining payment. 
 
 Individuals presenting money orders for payment 
 must be identified as the proper person to receive the 
 money. 
 
 RATES. 
 
 On orders not exceeding |10 5 cents. 
 
 Over |10 and not exceeding $20 10 cents. 
 
 Over $30 and not exceeding $30 15 cents. 
 
 Over .fSO and not exceeding |40 20 cents. 
 
 Over $40 and not exceeding .$50 25 cents. 
 
 FOREIGN MONEY ORDERS. 
 
 Rates of coramissiom, in U. S. currency, charged 
 for issuing International Money Orders, to be trans- 
 mitted by Postmaster at New York to — 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 On orders not exceeding $10 25 cents. 
 
 Over $10 and not exceeding $20 50 cents. 
 
 Over $20 and not exceeding $30 75 cents. 
 
 Over $30 and not exceeding $40 $1.00 
 
 Over $40 and not exceeding $50 $1.25 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 On orders not exceeding $5 15 cents. 
 
 Over $5 and not exceeding $10 25 cents. 
 
 Over $10 and not exceeding $20 50 cents. 
 
 Over $30 and not exceeding $30 75 cents. 
 
 Over $30 and not exceeding ,$40 $1.00 
 
 Over $40 and not exceeding $50 $1.25 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 On orders not exceeding $10 25 cents- 
 Over $10 and not exceeding $20 50 cents- 
 Over $20 and not exceeding $30 75 cents- 
 
 Over $30 and not exceeding $40 $1.00 
 
 Over $40 and not exceeding $50 $1.25 
 
 No fractions of cents to be introduced in an order. 
 
 United States Treasury notes or National Bank 
 notes only received or paid. 
 
 The applicant must in all cases write his own given 
 name and surname in full ; and when the given name 
 of the payee is known, it should be so stated, otherwise 
 initials may be used. The given names of married 
 women must be stated, and not those of their hus- 
 bands. Forexample : Mrs. Min-yBTOvrn must not be 
 described as Mrs. William Brown. Names of parties 
 and places, and the sums, to be written in the plainest 
 " ' '. manner. 
 
 REGISTERED LETTERS. 
 
 Only letters or mail matter upon which full letter 
 rates of postage have been paid can be registered. 
 
 |^"The fee upon domestic registered letters is 8 
 cents. 
 
 For registry fee on foreign letters, see table of 
 foreign postage. 
 
 Each letter registered must have the name and 
 address of the writer indorsed on the back. 
 
 Persons applying for registered letters must prove 
 their identity. 
 
 GENERAL RULES. 
 
 Po.stmasters are not required to receive in pay- 
 ment for postage mutilated notes — that is. notes not 
 worth their full value ; nor are they required to re- 
 ceive notes .so much soiled or defaced that their gen- 
 uineness cannot be clearly ascertained. 
 
 Any inclosure in a newspaper, addressed to a reg- 
 ular subscriber, whether residing in or out of the 
 county where the same is printed and published (ex- 
 cept a genuine supplement thereto, and bills and 
 receipts for subscription), subjects the package to 
 letter postage. 
 
 Fractional parts of postage stamps will not be rec- 
 ognized in prepayment of postage. 
 
 Postmasters are not allowed to give credit for post- 
 age, nor to deliver any mail matter until all the post- 
 age thereon has been paid. 
 
 A business card impressed on the wrapper or 
 envelope of any printed matter, or a simple mark 
 designed to call attention to any article in such 
 printed matter, does not subject it to letter postage. 
 
 In every case of loss by mail, the oiEce should be 
 immediately notified of the facts, with information as 
 to the contents of the letter; when, where, and by 
 whom mailed, and any other information that would 
 assist in a thorough investigation. 
 
 Full prepayment by stamps required on all transient 
 printed matter foreign and domestic. 
 
 All letters not prepaid liy stamps, all such as are 
 received in the office with stamps cut from stamped 
 envelopes, or with such postage stamps as were in use 
 prior to 1861, or with revenue stamps on them, are 
 treated " as unmailable " and sent to the Dead-Letter 
 Office. 
 
 Quarterly rates of postage cannot be received for a 
 less time than one quarter. 
 
 Parties claiming to have paid postage in advance 
 at the mailing office must produce a receipt or other 
 satisfactory evidence that the postage has been paid 
 as claimed. 
 
 All letters to be mailed must be plainly addressed, 
 and the name of the Post-Office, State, and County 
 clearly written. Cnre in this respect will insure the 
 prompt delivery of all letters, while a defective 
 address carries them invariably to the Dead-Letter 
 Office. 
 
 Any printed matter so marked or written upon as to 
 convey any other or further information than is con- 
 veyed by the original print, is subject to letter rates 
 of postage. 
 
 Postage stamps should be placed on the upper right 
 hand corner of tlie addressed side of an envelope. 
 
 No additional charge will be made for printing the 
 name and address, with request to return to writer, 
 on any of the envelopes furnished by the Post-Office 
 Department (samples of which may be seen at the 
 stamp window), when ordered in lots of not less than 
 500. The occupation of writer will not be printed. 
 
 A request for the return of a letter to the writer, if 
 unclaimed within thirty days or less, written or 
 printed, with the writer's name, post-office, and State, 
 on the upper left-hand corner of the envelope, on the 
 face side, will be complied with. 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The duties of this Department are distributed 
 through the Secretary's office and eighf bureaus, 
 namely : Bureau of Yards and Docks ; Bureau of 
 Navigation ; Bureau of Ordnance ; Bureau of Con- 
 struction and Repair ; Bureau of Equipment and Re- 
 
 cruiting ; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing ; Bureau 
 of Steam Engineering ; and Bureau of Medicine and 
 Surgery. 
 
 SECRETARY'S OFFICE. 
 The Secretary of the Navy has charge of every 
 
558 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 thing connected witli the naval establishment, and all 
 the duties of the several bureaus are performed un- 
 der his autlioritv, and their oi'ders are considered as 
 emanating from him. Tlie Secretary issues all in- 
 structions to commanders of squadrons and vessels ; 
 appointments of officers ; commissions ; requisitions 
 for money, etc. The general superintendence of the 
 Marine Corps attaches to the Secretary, and tlie orders 
 of the commandant of that corps are approved by 
 him. He is assisted in his duties by no Assistant 
 Secretary. 
 
 BUREAXT OF YARDS AND DOCKS. 
 This bureau has charge of the navy yards, includ- 
 ing the docks, wharves, buildings, and machinery ; 
 the regulation of labor, and the general police of the 
 yard. The Naval Asylum is attached to this bureau. 
 
 BUREAU OF NAVIGATION. 
 This bureau has charge of the maps, charts, navi- 
 gating instruments, flags, signals, etc. The Naval 
 Academy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac 
 are attached to it. 
 
 BUREAU OF ORDNANCE. 
 This bureau has charge of ordnance and ordnance 
 stores, the manufacture and purchase of cannon, 
 guns, powder, shot, shell, etc. 
 
 BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR. 
 This bureau has charge of the construction and re- 
 pair of all vessels-of war. 
 
 BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT AND RECRUITING. 
 
 This bureau has charge of the enlistment of men 
 for the navy ; the equipment of ve.ssels, including an- 
 chors, cables, rigging, sails, coal, etc. 
 
 BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. 
 
 All provisions for the use of the navy, clothing, 
 and small stores, come under the charge of this 
 bureau. 
 
 BUREAU OF STEAM ENGINEERING. 
 
 The construction and repair of steam-engines for 
 the navy, whether in the navy -yards or on contract, 
 come under this bureau. 
 
 BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 
 Everything relating to medicines and medical 
 stores, treatment of sick and wounded, management 
 of hospitals, etc., comes within the superintendence 
 of this bureau. 
 
 MARINE CORPS. 
 
 This corps is attached to the navy, and the imme- 
 diate supervision of all the duties connected with it 
 is vested in a colonel commandant, whose orders for 
 duty are approved by the Secretary of the Navy. 
 The National Observatory and the Hydrographic 
 Office are also under the supervision of the Navy De- 
 partment. 
 
 WAK DEPARTMENT. 
 
 This Department ia in charge of the Secretary of 
 War, and no regular Assistant. The following bu- 
 reaus are attached to this Department : 
 
 COMMANDING-GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
 
 The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement 
 of the military forces, and the superintendence of the 
 recruiting service ; he attends to the discipline of the 
 army ; orders courts-martial ; and it is his province 
 to see that the laws and regulations of the army are 
 enforced. This office is usually located in Washing- 
 ton, but wherever it may be, it is called the Head- 
 quarters of the Army. 
 
 ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
 
 In this office are kept all the records which refer to 
 the personnel of the army, the rolls, etc., and where 
 all military commissions are made out ; all orders 
 which emanate from head-quarters of the War De- 
 partment proper, pass through this office ; and here 
 are received all the annual returns from the army 
 and militia of the United States. 
 
 QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
 
 The objects of this bureau are to insure an efficient 
 system of supply, and to give facility and efTect to 
 the movements and operations of the army. It also 
 has control of the barracks, and furnishes the cloth- 
 ing and all transportation that may be required for 
 the army. 
 
 PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
 
 All the disbursements in money are made to the 
 army from this office. 
 
 SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 This office is charged with the duty of purchasing 
 and issuing all rations to the army. 
 
 SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
 All matters connected with medicine and surgery 
 are under the control of this office, as well as the 
 management of the sick and wounded, and also all the 
 hospitals. 
 
 ENGINEER'S OFFICE. 
 
 In addition to a general direction of all matters con- 
 nected with the Engineer Corps of the army, this 
 office is also charged with the care of the Military 
 Academy at West Point. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL OFFICE. 
 
 This bureau has charge of all topograpliical opera- 
 tions and surveys for military purposes, and for pur- 
 poses of internal improvement, and of all maps, 
 drawings, and documents relating to those duties. 
 
 ORDNANCE OFFICE. 
 
 This office is charged with control of arsenals and 
 armories, the manufacture of arms and cannon and 
 the custody of ordnance stores. 
 
 To the above should be added the Bureau of Mili- 
 tary Justice and the Signal Office. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 559 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF STATES AND TEEKITOKIES. 
 
 THE THrRTEBN ORIGINAI/ STATES THAT FOHMED AND CONFIRMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION 
 OP THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS : 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 First settled at Dover and Poitsmoutli, in 1633, by 
 the Englisli Puritans. 
 
 Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, 
 and continued under the same jurisdiction until Sep- 
 tember 18, 1679, when a .separate charter and govern- 
 ment was granted. A Constitution was formed, Janu- 
 ary 5, 1770, which was altered in 1784, and was fur- 
 ther altered and amended, February 13, 1792. 
 
 This State ratified the Constitution of the United 
 States, June 21, 1788. 
 
 Area, 9,280 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 317,976 ; 18G0, 326,073 ; 1870, 318,800. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans 
 from Holland, who landed, December 22, 1620. 
 
 Chartered, March 4, 1629 ; also chartered, January 
 30, 1630 ; an explanatory charter granted, August 20, 
 1726 ; and more completely chartered, October 7, 
 1731. Formed a Constitution, March 2, 1780, which 
 was altered and amended, November 3, 1820, and on 
 several occasions since that time. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Feb- 
 ruary 6, 1798. 
 
 Area, 7,800 square miles. Population in 18.50, 
 994..514; 1860,1,231,066; 1870,1,457,351. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 First settled at Providence, in 1636, by Roger Wil- 
 liams and the English. 
 
 Was chartered by Parliament in 1644; by King 
 Charles II. in 1663, which charter was abrogated in 
 1776. Had an unwritten Constitution until 1842, 
 when a written Constitution was adopted. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 
 29, 1790. 
 
 Area, 1,306 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 147,545; 1860, 174,620; 1870, 217,353. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by English Puri- 
 tans. 
 
 Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, 
 and continued under the same jurisdiction until April 
 83, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which 
 continued in force until a Constitution was formed, 
 September 15, 1818. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Jan- 
 uary 9, 1788. 
 
 Area, 4,750 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 370,792; 1860,460,147; 1870, 537,454. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 First settled on Manhattan Island, in 1614, by the 
 Dutch. 
 
 Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 
 1664, and June 24, 1664. Newly patented, February 
 9, 1674 ; formed a Constitution, April 20. 1777, which 
 was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended 
 November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed 
 in 1846. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, July 
 26, 1788. 
 
 Area, 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 3,097,394; 1860, 3,880,735; 1870, 4,383,759. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 First settled at Bergen, in 1630, by the Swedes, 
 Dutch, and Danes. 
 
 Held under the same grants as New York ; sepa- 
 rated into Ea.st and West Jersey, March 3, 1677. The 
 government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so 
 continued until the formation of a Constitution, July 
 2, 1776. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, 
 December 18, 1787. 
 
 Area, 8,320 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 489,555 ; 1860, 673,035 ; 1870, 906,096. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 First settled on the Delaware River, in 1683, by 
 William Penn and the English. 
 
 Chartered, February 28, 1681; formed a Constitution, 
 September 28. 1776 ; amended, September 2,1790, and 
 in 1838, and 1857. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De- 
 cember 13, 1787. 
 
 Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 2,311,786; 1860,2,906,115; 1870,3,521,791. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 First settled at Cape Henlopen, in 1637, by Swedes 
 and Finns. 
 
 Embraced in the charter and continued under the 
 government of Pennsylvania until the formation of a 
 Constitution, September 20, 1776; a new Constitution 
 formed, June 12, 1792, and amended in 1831. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De- 
 cember 7, 1787. 
 
 Area 2 120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,- 
 532; 1860, 112,216; 1870,125,015. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 First settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Roman Catho- 
 lics and English. 
 
 Chartered, June 20, 1632; formed a Con.stitution, 
 August 14, 1775, which was amended in 1795 and 1799, 
 and further amended in November, 1813 and 1851. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 
 28, 1788. 
 
 Area, 11,124 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 583,034 ; 1860, 687,049 ; 1870, 780,894. 
 
 New Constitution, abolishing slavery, adopted in 
 September, 1864. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 First settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English. 
 
 Chartered, April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 
 12, 1613; formed aConstitution,JuIy5, 1776; amended, 
 January 15, 1830. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 
 26, 1788. 
 
 Area, 61.352 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 1,421,661 ; 1860, 1,596,318 ; 1870, 1,235,163. 
 
 Seceded, April, 1861. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 First settled in Albemarle, in 1050, by the English. 
 
 Chartered, March 30. 1663, and June 30, 1065; formed 
 a Constitution, December 18, 1770, which was amend- 
 ed in 1845. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, No- 
 vember 31, 1789. 
 
 Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 809.839 ; 1860, 992,622; 1870, 1,071,301. 
 
 Seceded, May, 1861. Re-admitted, June, 1868. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 First settled at Port Royal, in 1670, by the Hugue- 
 nots ; in 1689 by the English. 
 
!l 
 
 560 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Caro- 
 lina, from which it was separated in 1739 ; formed a 
 Constitution, March 26, 1776, which was amended, 
 March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 
 23, 1788. 
 
 Area, 34,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 668,507 ; 1860, 703,708; 1870,705,606. 
 
 Seceded November, 1860. Re-admitted June, 1868. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 First settled at Savannah, in 1733, hj Oglethorpe 
 and English. 
 
 Chartered June 9, 1732 ; formed a Constitution, 
 February 5, 1777, a second in 1785, a third May 30, 
 1793, and amended in 1839. 
 
 Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Janu- 
 ary 2, 1788. 
 
 Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 906,185; 1860,1,0.57,286; 1870, 1,184,109. 
 
 Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. 
 
 THE STATES .\DMITTED INTO THE UNION SINCE THE 
 ADOPTION OP THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION AUE 
 AS FOLLOWS : 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 First settled at Fort Dummer, in 1764, by English 
 from Connecticut, and under grants from New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 Formed from territory of New York. 
 
 Admitted March 4, 1701. 
 
 A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793. 
 
 Area, 10,213 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 314,130 ; 1860, 315,098 ; 1870, 330,551. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 First settled near Lexington, in 1765. 
 
 Formed from territory of Virginia. 
 
 Admitted June 1, 1793. 
 
 A Constitution laid before Congress, November 7, 
 1792. 
 
 A new Constitution adopted, August 17, 1799. 
 
 Area, 87,680 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 983,405; 1860,1,155,684; 1870, 1,321,011. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 First settled at Fort Donelson, in 1756. 
 
 Formed from territory of North Carolina in 1790. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, February 6, 1769, and 
 amended in 1835. 
 
 Admitted June 1, 1796. 
 
 Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 1,003,717; 1860, 1,109,801; 1870,1,258,530. 
 
 Seceded June, 1861. Re-admitted July, 1866. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 First settled at Marietta, in 1788. 
 
 Formed from North-west Territory. Organized as 
 Territory by ordinance of 1787. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, November 1, 1803 ; adopted 
 a new one in 1851. 
 
 Admitted November 30, 1802. 
 
 Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 1,980,339 ; 1860, 2,339,502; 1870,3,005,260. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 First settled at Iberville, in 1699. 
 
 Formed from French territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory March 3, 1805. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, January 23, 1813, and 
 amended it in 1845 and 1853. A new Constitution 
 formed in 1864. 
 
 Admitted April 8, 1813. 
 
 Area, 41.346 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 517,763; 1860, 708,003. 
 
 Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 First settled at Vincennes, in 1730. 
 
 Formed from North-west Territory. Organized as 
 Territory May 7, 1800. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, June 29, 1816, and amended 
 in 1851. 
 
 Admitted December 11, 1816. 
 
 Area, 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 988,416; 1860, 1,350,438; 1870, 1,680,637. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 First settled at Natchez, in 1716. 
 
 Formed from territory of South Carolina and 
 Georgia. Organized as Territory, April 7, 1798. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, March 1, 1817, arid amended 
 in 1833. 
 
 Admitted December 10, 1817. 
 
 Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 606,536; 1860, 791.305; 1870, 827,933. 
 
 Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 First settled at Kaskaskia, in 1730, by French. 
 
 Formed from North-west Territory. Organized as 
 Territory February 3. 1809. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, August 26, 1818. 
 
 Admitted December 3. 1818. 
 
 Area, 55,410 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 851,470; 1860, 1,711,951; 1870,2,539,891. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 First settled near Mobile, in 1702, by French. 
 
 Formed from territory of South Carolina and 
 Georgia, and for two years bore the name of Missis- 
 sippi Territory. Organized as Territory March 3 , 1817. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, August 3, 1819. 
 
 Admitted December 14, 1819. 
 
 Area. 50,732 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 771,623: 1860, 964,201 ; 1870, 996.992. 
 
 Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 First settled at Bristol, in 1624, by the English. 
 Formed from Territory of Massachusetts. 
 Adopted a Constitution. October 29, 1819. 
 Admitted March 3, 1820. 
 
 Area, 35,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 583,169 ; 1860, 628,279 ; 1870, 629,915. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 First settled at St. Louis, in 1764, by French. 
 
 Formed from French territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory June 4,-1812. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, July 10, 1820. 
 
 Admitted March 2, 1831. 
 
 Area, 65,350 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 682,044 ; 1860, 1,182,012 ; 1870, 1,721, 295. _ 
 
 Ordinance abolishing slavery adopted in January, 
 1865. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 First settled at Arkansas Post, in 1685, by the 
 French. 
 
 Formed from French territory, the Louisiana pur- 
 chase. Organized as Territory, March 2, 1819. 
 
 Presented a Constitution, March 1, 1836. 
 
 Admitted June 15, 1836. 
 
 Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 309,897; 1860, 435,4.50; 1870,484,471. 
 
 Seceded, March, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 First settled on the Detroit River, in 1650, by the 
 French. 
 
 Formed from territory originally belonging to Vir- 
 ginia. Organized as Territory, January 11, 1805. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 561 
 
 Presented a memorial for admission, January 25, 
 1833, witb a Constitution, which was revised in 1850. 
 
 Admitted January 26, 1837. 
 
 Area, 56,451 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 397,6.54; 1860,749,013; 1870, 1,184,039. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Discovered in 1497, and first explored by Ponce de 
 Leon in 1513. Settled by the Spaniards. 
 
 Formed from Spanish territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory, Marcli 30, 1822. 
 
 Presented a Constitution, February 20, 1839. 
 
 Admitted March 3, 1845. 
 
 Area, 59,208 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 87,445 ; 18,60. 140,425 ; 1870, 187,748. 
 
 Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 Fir.<<t settled in 1792, by Spaniards. 
 
 Was an Independent Republic after passing from 
 Mexico. 
 
 Admitted December 29, 1845. 
 
 Area, 274,356 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 212,592 ; 1860, 604,315 ; 1870, 818,579. 
 
 Seceded February, 1861. Re-admitted. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 First settled at Green Bay, in 1670. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory, April 20, 1836. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, January 31, 1847. 
 
 Admitted March 3, 1847. 
 
 Area, 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 305,391; 1860,775,881; 1870,1,054,670. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 First settled at Galena and Dubuque. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory, June 12, 1808. 
 
 Presented a Constitution, December 9, 1844. 
 
 Admitted December 28, 1846. 
 
 Area, 55,045 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 192,214 ; 1860, 674,948 ; 1870, 1,191,792. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 First settled on the Pacific slope by Spaniards. 
 Formed from Mexican territory. 
 
 Adopted a Constitution, November 13, 1849. 
 Admitted September 9, 18.50. 
 
 Area, 188,981 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 92,597 ; 1860, 305,439 ; 1867, 493,992 ; 1870, 560,247. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 First settled on the St. Peter's River, in 1805. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory, March 3, 1849. 
 
 Admitted February 26, 1857. 
 
 Area, 83,531 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 6,079 ; 1860, 173,855 ; 1870, 439,706. 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 First settled by Spaniards. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory, August 14, 1848. 
 
 Adopted a Cohstitution in November, 1857. 
 
 Admitted February 14, 1859. 
 
 Area, 95,374 .square miles. Population in 1850, 
 13,093; 1860,52,465; 1867, 78,697; 1870, 190,993. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter- 
 ritory, May 30, 1854. 
 
 Admitted January 39, 1861. 
 
 Area, 81,318 square miles. Population in 1860, 
 107,206 ; 1870, 364,399; 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 Formed from the State of Virginia. 
 Admitted December 31, 1863. 
 
 Area, 23.000 square miles. Population in 1860, 
 376,688 ; 1870, 442,014. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory, March 3, 1861. 
 Admitted March 31, 1864. 
 
 Area, 112,090 square miles. Population in 1863, 
 40,000; 1867,41,142; 1870,43,491. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 Formed from Indian territory. 
 Organized as a Territory, May 30, 1854. 
 Admitted March 1, 1867. 
 
 Area, 75,995 square miles. Population in 1860, 
 28,841 ; 1870, 122.993. 
 
 TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 UTAH. 
 
 Organized September 9, 1850. 
 
 Area, 88,056 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 11,380 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 80,- 
 546; 1870, 86,786. 
 
 NEW MEXICO. 
 
 Organized September 9, 18.50. 
 
 Area, 124,450 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 61,547 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 93,- 
 516 ; 1870, 91,874. 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Organized November 3, 1853. 
 
 Area, 69,994 square miles. Population in 1850, 
 1.201 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 17,391 ; 
 1870, 23,955. 
 
 COLORADO. 
 
 Organized February 38, 1861. 
 
 Area, 104,500 square miles. Population in 1867, 
 estimated not including Indians, 37,891 ; 1870, 39,864. 
 36 
 
 The proper laws have been passed which will admit 
 this Territory into the Union during the year 1876. 
 
 Organized March 2, 1861. 
 
 Area, 240,595 square miles. Population in 1867, 
 not including Indians, 5,321 ; 1870, 14,181 
 
 Organized February 24, 1863. 
 
 Area, 113,916 square miles. Population in 1867, 
 not including Indians, 5,000. 
 
 IDAHO. 
 
 Organized May 26, 1864. 
 
 Area, 90,933 square miles. Population in 1867, in- 
 cluding Indians, 30,000 ; 1870, 15,000, not including 
 Indians. 
 
 MONTANA. 
 
 Organized May 26, 1864. 
 
 Area, 143,776 square miles. Population in 1867, 
 
5G5 
 
 TABULAE RECORDS. 
 
 including Indians, 30,000 ; 1870, not including In- 
 dians, 30,395. 
 
 WYOMING. 
 Organized in 1868. 
 
 Area. 100.000 square miles. Estimated popula- 
 tion, 1870, 9,118. 
 
 , ALASKA. 
 
 Obtained by treaty from Russia, 1867. 
 Area, 377,390 square miles. Population in 1870, 
 '0,000, estimated. 
 
 INDIAN. 
 
 Area, 68,991 square miles. Population unknown. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Establislied under the First Article of the Consti- 
 tution of the United States: "Congress shall have 
 power to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases 
 whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten 
 miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, 
 and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
 the Government of the United States," etc. In pur- 
 suance of which provision the State of Maryland, 
 December 23, 1788, passed " An act to cede to Con- 
 gress a district of ten miles square in this State, for 
 the seat of the Government of the United States." 
 
 And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, 
 passed " An act for the cession of ten miles square, 
 or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, 
 to the United States in Congress assembled, for the 
 permanent seat of the General Government." 
 
 These cessions were accepted by Congress, as re- 
 quired liy tlie Constitution, and the permanent seat of 
 Government established by the "Act for establishing 
 
 the temporary and permanent seat of the Govern- 
 ment of the United States," approved July 16, 1790; 
 and the act to amend the same, approved March 3, 
 1791. 
 
 The district of ten miles square was accordingly 
 located, and its lines and boundaries particularly 
 established by a proclamation of George Washington, 
 President of the United States, March 30, 1791, and 
 by the "Act concerning the District of Columbia," 
 approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed com- 
 plete jurisdiction over the said district, as contem- 
 plated by the framers of the Constitution. 
 
 Area, originally 100 square miles, now about 60. 
 Population in 1850, 51,687; 1860, 75,080; 1866, 118,- 
 807; 1870,131,700. 
 
 In 1846 that portion of the District lying south of 
 the Potomac was retroceded to Virginia by act of 
 Congress. Slavery was aliolished in this District by 
 an act of Congress, approved April 16 1862. 
 
 COUNTIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1870. 
 
 Counties 2,164 | Towns 20,300 
 
 Average area, in miles 829 i Average area, in miles 69 
 
 Average population 17,613 I Average population 169 
 
 INCREASE OF AREA OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The United States commenced its career as an ac- 
 knowledged Government with a landed area of 827,- 
 844 square miles ; cession by France in 1803, 1,171,931 
 square miles, and cost, $33,.500,C00; cession ly Spain 
 in 1819, .59,268 square miles, and cost, |6,500,000 ; an- 
 
 nexation of Texas in 1845, 376,163 square miles ; 
 cession of Mexico in 1848,591,318 square miles, and 
 cost, $15,000,000 ; cession by Russia in 1867, 577,390 
 square miles, and cost, $7,200,000. Total area, includ- 
 ing lakes and rivers, 4,000,000 square miles. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES. 
 
 Mnine was so called as early as 1623, from Maine, 
 in France, of which Henrietta Maria, Queen of Eng- 
 land, was at that time proprietor. Popular names — 
 The Lumber or Pine Tree State. 
 
 NeiK Ilampuhire was the name given to the terri- 
 tory conveyed by the Plymouth Company to Captain 
 Jolin Mason, by patent, November 7, 1629, with 
 reference to the patentee, who was Governor of Ports- 
 mouth, in Hampshire. England. Popular name — The 
 Granite State. 
 
 Vermont was so called by the inhabitants in their 
 Declaration of Independence, January 16, 1777, from 
 the French i^erd moat, the Green Mountains. Popu- 
 lar name — The Green Mountain State. 
 
 Massiichnsetts was so called from Massachusetts 
 Bay, and that from the Massachusetts tribe of In- 
 dians, in the neighborhood of Boston. The tribe is 
 thought to have derived its name from the Blue Hills 
 of Milton. " I had learnt," says Roger Williams, 
 "that the Massachusetts was so called from the Blue 
 Hills." Popular name — The Bay Sate. 
 
 Rhode laland was so called, in 1664, in reference to 
 
 the Rhode Island of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean. 
 Popular name — Little Rhody. 
 
 Connecticut was so called from the Indian name of 
 its principal river. Connecticut is a Mocheakannew 
 word, signifying long river. Popular names — The 
 Nutmeg or Free Stone State. 
 
 NeiD York was .so called, in 1664, in reference to 
 the Duke of York and Albany, to whom this ter- 
 ritory was granted by the King of England. Popu- 
 lar names — The Empire or Excelsior State. 
 
 New Jersey was so called, in 1664, from the Island 
 of Jersey, on the coast of France, the residence of Sir 
 George Carteret, to whom the territory was granted. 
 
 Pennsylvimia was so called, in 1681, after William 
 Penn. Popular name — The Keystone State. 
 
 Delaware was so called, in 1708, from Delaware 
 Bay, on wliich it lies, and which received its name 
 from Lord de la War, who died in this bay. Popular 
 names — The Blue Hen, or Diamond State. 
 
 Maryland was so called in honor of Henrietta 
 Maria, Queen of Charles I., in his patent to Lord 
 Baltimore, June 30, 1632. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 563 
 
 Virginia was so called, in 1584, after Elizabeth, 
 the Virgin Queen of England. Popular names — The 
 Old Dominion, or Mother of States. 
 
 Carolina was so called bj' the French, in 1564, in 
 honor of King Charles IX. of France. Popular name 
 of South Carolina— The Palmetto State ; of North 
 Carolina — The Old North, or Turpentine State. 
 
 Georgia was so called, in 1732, in honor of King 
 George II. 
 
 Alabama was so called, in 1814, from its principal 
 river, meaning here we rest. 
 
 Missinnippi was so called, in 1800, from its western 
 boundary. Mississippi is said to denote the whole 
 river, that is, the river formed by the union of many. 
 Popular name — The Bayou State. 
 
 Louisiana was so called in honor of Louis XIV. of 
 France. Popular name — The Creole State. 
 
 Tennessee was so called, in 17i)6, from its principal 
 river. The word Ten-as-se is said to signify a curved 
 spoon. Popular name — The Big Bend State. 
 
 Kentucky was so called, in 1792, from its principal 
 river. Popular name — The State of the Dark and 
 Bloody Ground. 
 
 Illinois was so called, in 1809, from its principal 
 river. Thi.s word is said to signify the river of men. 
 Popular names — The Sucker, or Prairie State. 
 
 Indiana was so called, in 1809, from the American 
 Indians. Popular name — The Hoosier State. 
 
 Ohio was so called, in 1803, from its southern 
 boundary. Popular name — The Buclieye State. Mean- 
 ing of Indian word Ohio-i, Beautiful. 
 
 Missouri was so called, in 1821, from its principal 
 river. Indian name, meaning mnddi/ water. 
 
 Michigan was so called, in 1805, from the lake on 
 its border. Indian name, meaning a weir for fish. 
 Popular name — The Wolverine State. 
 
 Arkansas was so called, in 1812, from its principal 
 river. Indian name. Popular name — The Bear State. 
 
 Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de Leon, in 
 1572. because it was discovered on Easter Sunday ; 
 in Spanish, Pasena Florida. 
 
 Wisco-nsin was so called from its principal river. 
 Indian name, meaning wild rushing river. Popular 
 name — The Badger State. 
 
 Iowa was so called from its principal river. Indian 
 name, meaning the sleepy ones. Popular name — Hawk- 
 ej-e State. 
 
 Oregon was so called from its principal river. In- 
 dian name, meaning river of the west. 
 
 itinne-sota is also an Indian word, meaning the 
 whitish water. Popular name — Gopher State. 
 
 California , a Spanish word, and named from an arm 
 of the Pacific Ocean. Popular name — The Golden 
 State. 
 
 Texas, a Spanish word applied to the Republic. 
 Popular name — Tlie Lone Star State. 
 
 Kansas is an Indian name, meaning the smoky water. 
 Popular name — Jayhawker State. 
 
 West Virginia. So called after Virginia. 
 
 Nevada is a Spanisli word, meaning white with snow. 
 Popular name — Sage Hen State. 
 
 Nebraska — an Indian word. 
 
 LENGTH AND COST OF AMERICAN WARS. 
 
 . War of the Revolution 
 
 . InilianWaiin Ohio Ter 
 
 . War with the Barhary States 
 
 . Tecnnipeh Indian War 
 
 . War with Oreat Britain 
 
 . Aljieriiie War 
 
 . First Seminole War •... 
 
 . Blaclc Hawl{ War 
 
 . Second Seminole War 
 
 . Mexican War , 
 
 . Mormnn War 
 
 . War of the Rebellion 
 
 7 years— 1775-1782 
 1790 
 
 181I.3-1804 
 1811 
 
 3 years— 1812-1815 
 
 1815 
 
 1817 
 
 1832 
 
 1845 
 
 ayears— 1846-1848 
 IS.iB 
 
 4 yeare— 1861-1865 
 
 66,000,000 
 3,000,000,000 
 
 The following list comprises all the battles for free- 
 dom that took place from April 19, 1775. and closing 
 October 19, 1781 — six years and six months. The 
 British sent 134,000 soldiers and .sailors to this war. 
 The Colonists met them with 230,000 Continentals 
 and 50,000 militia. The British let loose Indians and 
 Hessians. The colonies had for their allies the brave 
 and courteous Frenchmen. The leading battles of 
 the war, those particularly worthy of celebration, are 
 Concord and Lexington, Bunker Hill, Long Island, 
 White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Sara- 
 toga, Monmouth, King's Mountain, Cowpens, Eutaw 
 Springs, Yorktown. These are of national interest. 
 Many of the others are local. 
 
 Lexington (first skirmish) April 19, 1775 
 
 Tjconderoga May 10, 1775 
 
 Bunker Hill June 17, 1775 
 
 Montreal (Ethan Allen taken) Sept. 25, 1775 
 
 St. Johns besieged and captured Nov. 3, 1775 
 
 Great Bridge, Va Dec. 9, 1775 
 
 Quebec (Montgomery killed) Dec. 31, 1775 
 
 Moore's Creek Bridge Feb. 27, 1776 
 
 Boston (British fled) Mar. 17, 1776 
 
 Fort Sullivan, Charleston June 28, 1776 
 
 Long Island Aug. 27, 1776 
 
 Harlem Plains Sept. 16, 1776 
 
 White Plains Oct. 28, 1776 
 
 Fort Washington Nov. 16, 1776 
 
 Trenton Dec. 27, 1776 
 
 Princeton Jan. 3, 1777 
 
 Hubbardton July 7, 1777 
 
 Bennington Aug. 16, 1777 
 
 Brandywine Sept. 11, 1777 
 
 First Battle of Saratoga Sept. 19, 1777 
 
 Paoli Sept. 20, 1777 
 
 Germantown Oct. 4, 1777 
 
 Forts Clinton and Montgomery taken. .Oct. 6, 1777 
 
 Second Battle of Saratoga Oct. 7, 1777 
 
 Surrender of Burgoyue Oct. 13, 1777 
 
 Fort Mercer Oct. 22, 1777 
 
 Fort MitH'in Nov. . . , 1777 
 
 Monmouth June 28, 1778 
 
 Wyoming July 4, 1778 
 
 Quaker Hill, R. I Aug. 29, 1778 
 
 Savannah Dec. 29,1778 
 
 Kettle Creek, Ga Feb. 14, 1779 
 
 Brier Creek Mar. 3, 1779 
 
 Stony Ferrv June 20, 1779 
 
 Stonv Poiirt July 16, 1779 
 
 Paulus' Hook Aug. 13, 1779 
 
 Chemung (Indians) Aug. 29, 1779 
 
 Savannah Aug. 9, 1779 
 
 Charlestown (surrendered to the BritisIi)May 12, 1780 
 
 Springfield June 28, 1780 
 
 Rockv Mount July 30, 1780 
 
 Hanging Rock Aug. 6, 1780 
 
 Sanders' Creek, near Camden Aug. 16, 1780 
 
 King's Mountain Oct. 7, 1780 
 
 Fisli Dam Ford, Broad River Nov. 18, 1780 
 
 Plackstocks Nov. 20, 1780 
 
 Cowpena Jan. 17, 1781 
 
 Guiboro Mar. 15. 1781 
 
 Hookirk's Hill April 25, 1781 
 
 Ninety-Six (besieged) May and June, 1781 
 
 Augusta (besieged) May and June, 1781 
 
 Jamestown July 9, 1781 
 
 Eutaw Springs Sept. 8, 1781 
 
 Yorktown (Cornwallis surrendered).. . .Oct. 19, 1781 
 
564 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 CHIEF COMMANDEKS OF THE AKMY, 
 
 The following is a complete list of the various of- 
 ficers who have commanded the army of the United 
 States since the foundation of our service lo the 
 present time, giving the rank held by each, with the 
 period of command : General and Commander-in- 
 Chief, Oeorge Washington, June 15, 1775, to the close 
 of the Revolution. From that date to September, 
 1789, the army consisted of eight companies of in- 
 fantry and a battalion of artillery (act of September, 
 1783), when Brevet Brigadier-General Josiah Harmer, 
 lieutenant-colonel commandant of the infantry, was 
 assigned and held until March, 1791. Major-General 
 Arthur St. Clair, March, 1791, to March, 1792, when 
 he resigned. Major-Qeneral Anthony Wayne, March, 
 1793, to December 15, 1796, when he died at a hut on 
 the bank of Lake Erie, in Pennsylvania, while en 
 route from Maumee to the East. Brigadier-General 
 James Wilkinson, December 16, 1796, to July 3, 1798. 
 
 I Lieutenant-General George Washington, July 3, 
 ■ 1798, till his death, December 4, 1799. Brigadier- 
 General James Wilkin.son (again), June, 1800, to Jan- 
 ' uary, 1812, when he was promoted to major-general. 
 ] Major-General Henry Dearborn, January, 1812, to 
 ] June, 1815, when he was mu.stered out. Major-Gen- 
 eral Jacob Brown, June, 1815, till his death, Febru- 
 ary, 24, 1828. Major-General Alexander Macomb, 
 May, 1828, until his death, in June, 1841. Major- 
 General Winfield Scott, June 25, 1841, to November 
 1, 1861, being also brevet lieutenant-general from 
 May. 1861. Major-General Geo. B. McClellan, No- 
 vember 1, 1861, to March 11. 1862. Major-General 
 Henry W. Halleck, July 23, 1862, to March 13, 1864. 
 Lieutenant-Generiil U. S. Grant (appointed General 
 July 25, 1866), March 13, 1864, to March 4, 1869. 
 General William T. Sherman, March 8, 1869, to 
 present date. 
 
 PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 FROM 1780 TO 1880. 
 
 Estimated Population in 1780, 3,070,000. 
 
 First Census, August 1, 1790. 
 
 Free States.. 
 Slave States. 
 
 Whites. Colored, 
 1,900,772 26,831 
 1,371,692 32,635 
 
 Slaves. 
 40,850 
 645,047 
 
 Total. 
 1,968,453 
 1,961,374 
 
 Total.... 3,172,464 59,446 697,897 3,929,827 
 
 Second Census, August 1, 1800. 
 
 Free States... 2,601, .509 47,154 35,946 
 Slave States.. 1,702,980 61,241 857,095 
 
 2,684,609 
 2,621,316 
 
 Total.... 4.304,489 108,395 893,041 5,305,925 
 
 Third Census, August 1, 1810. 
 
 Free States... 3,6.53,219 78,181 27,510 
 Slave States.. 2,208,785 108,365 1,168,854 
 
 3,758,910 
 3,480,904 
 
 Total.... 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,239,814 
 
 Fourth Census, August 1, 1830. 
 
 Free States... 5,030,371 103,893 19,108 
 Slave States.. 2,842,340 135,434 1,524,.580 
 
 5,152,372 
 4,502,224 
 
 Total.... 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596 
 
 Fifth Census, June 1, 1830. 
 
 Free States... 6,876,630 137,.529 3,.568 7,017,717 
 
 Slave States.. 3,360,758 183,070 2,005,475 5,848,303 
 
 Total.... 10,537,378 319,599 3,009,043 12,866,020 
 
 Sixth Census, June 1, 1840. 
 
 Free States... 9,.5.57,065 170,727 1,129 9,728,931 
 Slave Slates.. 4,633,640 315,568 3,486,336 7,334,434 
 
 Total.... 14,189,705 886,295 2,487,355 17,063,355 
 
 Seventh Census, June 1, 1850. 
 
 Free States... 13,830,6.50 196,808 262 13,.537,220 
 
 Slave States.. 6,222,418 238,187 8,204,051 9,664,6.54 
 
 Total.... 19, .553,068 434,495 8,204,313 23,191,874 
 
 Eighth Census, June 1, 1860. 
 
 Total Population 31 ,443,322 
 
 Total White Population 26,973,843 
 
 Total Free Colored Population 487,970 
 
 Total Free Population 27,461.813 
 
 Total Slave Population 3,953,760 
 
 Total Colored Population 4,447,730 
 
 Ninth Census, June 1, 1870. 
 
 Total Population of the United States 38,558,344 
 
 Estimated Population in 1880 50,858,000 
 
 DENSITY OF POPULATION. 
 
 According to the census of 1870, the per.sona to a 
 square mile in each State and Territory of the United 
 States were as follows : 
 
 States.— Aluhama., 19.66; Arkansas, 9.30; Califor- 
 nia, 3.29 ; Connecticut, 113.15 ; Delaware, 58.97 
 Florida, 3.17 ; Georgia, 20.42 ; Indiana, 49.71 ; Iowa 
 21.69; Kansas, 4.48; Kentucky, 35.33; Louisiana 
 17.58 ; Maine, 17.91 ; Maryland, 70.20 ; Massachusetts, 
 186.84; Michigan, 20.97; Minnesota, 5.36 ; Missis 
 sippi, 17.56; Missouri, 26.34; Nebraska, 1.63; Ne 
 vada, 0.41 ; New Hampshire, 34.30 ; New Jersey, 
 108.91 ; New York, 93.25 ; North Carolina, 31.18 
 Ohio, 66.69 ; Oregon, 0.95 ; Pennsylvania, 76.56 
 Rhode Island, 166.43; South Carolina, 30.75; Ten 
 nessee, 27.60 ; Texas, 2.98 ; Vermont, 32.37 ; Vir. 
 ginia, 31.95 ; West Virginia, 19.22; and Wisconsin 
 19.56. 
 
 Territories. — Alaska (unorganized) ; Arizona, 0.08 
 Colorado, 0.38; Dakota, 0.09; District of Columbia 
 20.57.81; Idaho. 0.17; Montana, 0.14; New Mexico, 
 0.76; Utah, 1.03 ; Washington, 0.34 ; andWyomin 
 0.09. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 565 
 
 POPULATION OF THE SEVERAL STATES, THE RATIO OF REPRESENTATION, 
 AND THE NUMBER OP REPRESENTATIVES ALLOWED TO EACH AT THE 
 TIME OF THEIR ADMISSION, RESPECTIVELY. 
 
 When admitted. 
 
 New Hampshire, 
 Massachusetts.. . 
 Rhode Island . . , 
 Connecticut. ... 
 
 New York 
 
 New Jersey. ... 
 Pennsylvania . . 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Virginia 
 
 North Carolina. 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Ratified Constitution, June 21, 
 
 .do do Feb. 6, 
 
 .do do May 29, 
 
 .do do Jan. 9, 
 
 .do do July 2fi, 
 
 .do do Dec. 18, 
 
 .do do Dec. 12, 
 
 do do Dec. 7, 
 
 .do do April 28, 
 
 .do do June 26, 
 
 ..do do Nov. 21, 
 
 .do do May 23, 
 
 .do do Jan. 2, 
 
 Admitted March 4, 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1790 
 
 1 
 
 1788 
 
 178' 
 
 178 
 
 178' 
 
 1781 
 
 1788 
 
 1789 
 
 1788 
 
 1 
 
 1791 
 
 Kentucky. , 
 Tennessee., 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Louisiana. , 
 Indiana. . . 
 
 .June 1, 1793 
 .June 1,1 
 
 Mississippi . 
 
 .do Nov. 29,1802 
 
 .do April 8,1813 
 
 .do Dec. 11,1816 
 
 .do Dec. 10,1817 
 
 141,899 
 378,717 
 
 69,110 
 2.38,141 
 340,130 
 184,139 
 434,373 
 
 59,096 
 319,738 
 748,308 
 393,751 
 349,073 
 
 82,548 
 
 85,539 
 
 73,077 
 77,263 
 41,915 
 76,556 
 68,867 
 
 33,000 
 33,000 
 33,000 
 35,000 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 .do. 
 
 .Dec. 3, 1818 
 
 75,512 35,000 
 
 34,620 35,000 
 
 Alabama . 
 Maine . . . , 
 Missouri. . 
 Arkansas . 
 
 .do Dec. 14,1819 
 
 .do March 15, 1830 
 
 .do Aug. 10, 1821 
 
 .do June 15,1836 
 
 Michigan . 
 
 .do Jan. 26,1837 
 
 .do March 3,1845 
 
 Texas 
 
 Wisconsin . 
 
 .Dec. 
 .May 
 
 29, 1845 
 29, 1848 
 
 Iowa 
 
 California., 
 
 .do Dec. 28,1846 
 
 .do Sept. 9,1850 
 
 .May 11, 1858 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Kansas 
 
 West Virginia 
 Nevada 
 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 Nebraska I . . do. 
 
 .Feb. 
 .Dec. 
 .Dec. 
 .Oct. 
 .July 
 
 13, 18.59 
 6, 18.59 
 31, 1862 
 31 1 
 27! 1866 
 
 144.317 
 398,335 
 66,586 
 53,340 
 
 200,000 
 
 54,477 
 
 250,000 
 10,.596 
 
 81,930 
 107,000 
 
 150,043 
 
 53,465 
 107.306 
 376, 
 40,000 
 60,000 
 
 35,000 
 35,000 
 35,000 
 47,700 
 
 70,680 2 
 70,680 2 
 
 70,680 
 70,680 
 
 93,430 3 
 
 93,430 
 93,420 
 126,823 
 126,823 
 126,823 
 
 First Census, taken in Aug., 1790. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 See Williams's History of Ver- 
 mont. 
 
 Census of 1790. No census of 
 Territoryprevious to admission. 
 
 Territorial census. See American 
 State Papers, Mis. , vol. i. p. 147. 
 
 See American State Papers, Mis., 
 vol. i. p. 325. 
 
 Census of 1810. No census of Ter- 
 ritory previous to admission. 
 
 Territorial census. See American 
 State Papers, Mis., vol. ii. p. 
 277. 
 
 Territorial census. See American 
 State Papers, Mis., vol. ii. p. 
 407. 
 
 Territorial census. See Niles's 
 Register, vol. xiv. p. 859. 
 
 Census of 1830. 
 
 Census of 1830. 
 
 Census of 1830. 
 
 Territorial census. See Ex. Docs. 
 H. R. , vol. iv. No. 144, 1st ses- 
 sion, 24th Congress. 
 
 Estimated population Dec, 1836. 
 See Docs. H. R , vol. ii. No. 68, 
 3d session, 24tli Congress. 
 
 Census of 1840. No census of Ter- 
 ritory previous to admission. 
 
 See American Almanac for 1844. 
 
 Territorial census of 1847. See 
 Ex. Docs. H. R., 1st session, 
 30th Congress, No. 55, vol. v. 
 
 Territorial census of 1844. See 
 American Almanac for 1846. 
 
 Estimated population. See Sen. 
 Mis. Docs., vol. i. No. 68, 1st 
 sesision, 31st Congress. 
 
 Territorial census. See Annual 
 Rep. of Sec'y of the Interior, 
 1st session, 35th Congress. 
 
 Census of 1860. 
 
 Census of 1860. 
 
 Census of 1800. 
 
 Estimated in 1863. 
 
 Congressional Globe. 
 
566 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 APPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS IN FORTY- 
 FOURTH CONGRESS. 
 Alabama 7, Arkansa.s 3, California i, Connecticut 3, 
 Delaware 1, Florida 1, Georgia 8, Illinoi.' 18, Indiana 
 13, Iowa 8, Kansas 2, Kentucky 9, Louisiana 5, Maine 
 4, Maryland ,5, Massachusetts 10, Michigan 8, Minne- 
 sota 3, Mississippi 6, Missouri 13, Nebraska 1, Ne- 
 
 vada 1, New Hampshire 2, New Jersey 0, New York 
 32, North Carolina 8, Ohio 19, Oregon 1, Pennsylvania 
 20, Rhode Island 12, South Carolina 5, Tennessee 9, 
 Texas 6, Vermont 2, Virginia 9, West Virginia 3, 
 Wisconsin 7. Total Representatives, when all are 
 admitted, 292 ; while the Senators will number 74. 
 Total population of United States in 1870 : 38,113,253. 
 
 PAY TABLE OF THE LEADING CIVIL OFFICERS. 
 
 President of the United States, per annum, $50,000. 
 
 Vice-President of the United States, per annum, 
 $10,000. 
 
 Cabinet Ministers, per annum, $10,000. 
 
 Chief Justice Supreme Court, per annum, $10,500. 
 
 Justices of the Supreme Court, per annum, $10,000. 
 
 Senators and Representatives in Congress, with 
 mileage, per annum, $5,000. 
 
 Speaker House of Representatives, with mileage, 
 per annum, $10,000. 
 
 Secretary of the Senate, per annum, $5,000. 
 
 Clerk House of Representatives, per annum, 
 $5,000. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries of Departments, per annum, 
 $6,000. 
 
 Head of Bureaus, per annum, $4,000 to $5,000. 
 
 Superintendent Coast Survey, per annum, $6,000. 
 
 Judges District of Columbia, per annum, $3,000. 
 
 Secretary Smithsonian Institution, per annum, 
 $4,000. 
 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, France, 
 Germany, and Russia, per annum, $17,500. 
 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary to Spain, Austria, China, 
 Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan, per annum, $12,000. 
 
 Ministers Resident and Plenipotentiary to Chili, 
 Peru, Uruguay, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, 
 Nicaragua, and Salvador, per annum, $10,000. 
 
 Ministers Resident to Portugal, Belgium, Nether- 
 lands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, 
 
 Turkey, Hawaiian Islands, Hayti, Colombia, Vene- 
 zuela, Ecuador, Argentine Republic, Paraguay, Boli- 
 via, and Greece, per annum, $7,500. 
 
 Interpreter and Secretary of Legation to China, 
 per annum, $5,000. 
 
 Dragoman and Secretary of Legation to Turkey, 
 per annum, $3,000. 
 
 Consul-General to Cairo, per annum, $4,000. 
 
 Consul-General to London, Paris, Havana, and Rio 
 Janeiro, per annum, $6,000. 
 
 Consul-General to Calcutta and Shanghai, per an- 
 num, $5,000. 
 
 Consul-General to Melbourne, per annum, $4,500. 
 
 Consul-General to Kanagawa, Montreal, and Berlin, 
 per annum, $4,000. 
 
 Consul-General to Vienna, Frankfort, Rome, and 
 Constantinople, per annum, $3,000. 
 
 Consul-General to Turkey and Egypt, per annum, 
 $3,500. 
 
 Consul-General to St. Petersburg and Mexico, per 
 annum, $2,000. 
 
 Consul-General to Liverpool, per annum, $6,000. 
 
 Secretaries of Legation, from $1,500 to $2,635. 
 
 Consuls from $1,000 to $7,000. 
 
 With regard to the Postmasters, Collectors of the 
 Revenue, Territorial Governors and Judges, and 
 other otiicers employed throughout the country, they 
 are too numerous to be designated in this place. 
 
 LEADING GOVEENMENT PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Everything in the shape of a book or pamphlet or- 
 dered to be printed by the United Senate or House of 
 Representatives is called a public document, and can 
 be sent through the mails free of postage. To give 
 a complete and analytical list of these documents in 
 this place would be impracticable, but we submit a 
 synopsis of the more important publications which 
 possess an interest for the public generally and are 
 permanent in their character : 
 
 Agricultural Reports. — Though forming part of 
 the executive documents, they are published annually 
 and separately by the Department of Agriculture, 
 prior to the organization of which, in 1862, they were 
 issued from the Patent Office. The annual editions 
 of thi.s work range from two hundred to three hun- 
 dred thousand copies. 
 
 American Archives. — A documentary history of the 
 Revolution, compiled by Peter Force. 9 vols, folio. 
 Authorized in 1833. This work, as originally designed, 
 would have made some thirty volumes or more ; and, 
 although its publication was suspended, the materials 
 for the compilation were transferred by purchase to 
 the Library of Congress. 
 
 American State Papers. — Printed by Gales & Seaton 
 1831 to 1883. 21 vols, folio. This work was care- 
 fully compiled from the annually published executive 
 and legislative documents of the Government. 
 
 Aiudysi.i of the Federal Constitution. — By William 
 Hickey. Although not actually printed by Congress, 
 it was purchased to such an extent as really to be- 
 come a public document. 
 
 Army Regulations. — Issued from the War Depart- 
 ment. Octavo. Army Statistics of Sickness and Mor- 
 tality. 1839 to 1864. By R. H. Coolidge. 1856-60. 3 
 vols, quarto. 
 
 Army Register. — Issued from the War Department 
 annually. Octavo. 
 
 Army Meteorological Register — 1843-54. — By T. 
 Lawson. 18.55. Quarto. , 
 
 Army of the Potomac. — By Maj.-Gen. George B. 
 McClel'lan. 1864. Octavo. 
 
 Art of War in Europe in 1854-55-56.— By Major 
 R. Delafield. 1860. Quarto. 
 
 Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere 
 in 1849-50-51 and 52.— By Lieut. James M. GiUiss. 
 Quarto. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 567 
 
 Astronomical Obsenations.— Issued from the Nation- 
 al Observatory ocrasionally, and in quarto form. 
 
 Blue-Book. — A Biennial Register of all ilie officers 
 and employes of tlie government, commenced in 
 1816. Though formerly compiled in the Department 
 of State, it is now issued from the Interior Depart- 
 ment. Octavo. 
 
 Catalogue Congressional Library. — Since 1866 the 
 books belnnging to the Smithsonian Institution and 
 the very valuable library of Peter Force have been 
 added to the national collection at the cost of 
 SIOO.OOO. Octavo. Catalogues frequently issued, 
 and the books now number nearly 300,000. 
 
 Census of the United States. — Published in quarto 
 volumes under the direction of the Secretary of the 
 Interior Department. 
 
 Coast Survey. — The annual reports from this brancli 
 of public service are published in quarto form, and 
 illustrated with elaborate charts. 
 
 Colonial Trade. — By Israel D. Andrews. 1835. 
 Octavo. 
 
 Commercial lielaiions. — Under this title are annu- 
 ally published in quarto form, by the State Depart- 
 ment, information connected with commerce, obtained 
 chiefly through the Consular Bureau from foreign 
 governments. 
 Congressioniil Debates: 
 
 Annals of Cmgress from 1789 to 1834. — 14 vols, 
 octavo. Compiled and printed by Gales & Seaton. 
 Contain the public laws. 
 
 Register of Debates in Congress from 1825 to 1837. 
 —27 vols, octavo. Compiled and printed by Gales & 
 Seaton. Contains the public laws. 
 
 Congressional Olobe from 1833 to 1873. — Quarto. 
 Printed by John C. Rives. Contains the public laws. 
 
 Dictionary of the United States Congress. — By 
 Charles Lanman. Published by the Senate and 
 House of Representatives of the Thirty-eighth Con- 
 gress, and by the Senate of the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress. This is the only work belonging to a private 
 individual which was ever published as a public 
 document. Octavo. 
 
 Diplomatic, Correspondence of the American Revolu- 
 tion. — Compiled by Jared Sparks. 12 vols, octavo. 
 
 Diplomatic Correspondence between 1783 and 1789. — 
 Compiled by Jared Sparks. 7 vols, octavo. 
 
 Diplomatic Correspondence.—VahVishei annually by 
 the Department of State, although forming a part of 
 the Executive Documents. Octavo. 
 
 E.r:eeutwe Documents. — Under this title are arranged 
 and published the messages, reports, and other state 
 papers emanating from the President, cabinet minis- 
 ters, and other officers of the government, all of 
 which are numbered in consecutive order. Octavo. 
 
 Executive Journals of the Senate. — These volumes 
 are published from time to time after the injunction 
 of secrecy has been removed. Octavo. 
 
 Explorations of the Valley of the Amazon. — ^By 
 Lieut. William L. Herndon and Lieut. Lardner Gib- 
 bon. Illustrated. 2 vols, octavo. 1853 and 1854. 
 
 Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana. — By 
 Capt. Randolph B. Marcy. Illustrated. Octavo. 1853. 
 
 Explorations of the Zuni and Colorado Ricers. — By 
 L. Sitgreaves. Illustrated. Octavo. 1854. 
 
 Explorations Among the Rocky Mountains.- — By 
 Captain John C. Fremont. Illustrated. Octavo. 184.1 
 
 Explorations from. Fort Leavenworth to California. 
 — By Lt.-Col. William H. Emory. Illustrated. 
 Octavo. 1848. 
 
 Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter's River, etc., 
 in 1823.— By Stephen H. Long. 
 
 Evpedition to the Sources of the Mississippi River, 
 etc., in 1805.— By Zebulon M. Pike. 
 
 Exploring Erpedition. — By Commodore Charles 
 Wilkes. 5 quarto volumes. Illustrated. 1846-49. 
 Several supplementary volumes on scientific subjects 
 have been printed, but the work is still in an unfin- 
 ished condition. 
 
 Explorations for a Railroad Rmite Between the 
 Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. — 13 vols, 
 quarto. Illustrated. 
 
 Explorations of the Colorado Riv&r of the West in 
 1857-58.— By Lieut. Joseph C. Ives. 1861. Quarto. 
 Illustrated. 
 
 Explorations of Salt Lake Valley, Utah. — By Capt. 
 Howard Stansbury. Octavo. Illustrated. 1852. 
 
 Erpedition to Japan in 1852-53 and 1864 — By Com- 
 modore M. C. Perry. 1856. 3 vols, quarto. Illus- 
 trated. 
 
 Finance. — From time to time volumes are issued by 
 the Treasury Department, connected with the finances 
 of the country. Octavo. 
 
 Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. 
 — By David D. Owen. Printed by J. B. Lippincott & 
 Co. , for the General Land Office. Quarto. 1852. 
 
 Indian Affairs. — History of the Condition and Pros- 
 pects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. 
 Compiled by Henry W. Schoolcraft, and illustrated 
 by Maj. Seth Eastman, U. S. A. 6 vols, quarto. 1857. 
 Illustrated. 
 
 Indian Affairs. — History of the Indian Tribes of 
 North America. — Compiled by Thomas L. McKenney 
 and James Hall. 3 vols, folio. With colored portraits 
 by Charles B. King. 1838. 
 
 Indian Treaties.— From 1778 to 1837. Octavo. 1837. 
 By Indian Office. 
 
 Indian Affairs. — Annual reports published separate- 
 ly by the Indian OiBce, though included in the Ex- 
 ecntive Documents. Octavo. 
 
 Journal, Acts and Proceedings of the Convention 
 which formed the Constitution of the United States, 
 1818. Octavo. 
 
 Journals of the House of Representatives. — Published 
 in octavo at the close of each session of Congress. 
 
 Journals of the Senate. — Published in octavo at the 
 close of each session of Congress. 
 
 Madison Papers. — Debates in Congress and the 
 Federal Convention. 3 vols, octavo. 1840. By 
 James Madison. 
 
 Mexican Boundary Survey. — By Maj. Wm. H. 
 Emory. 1857. 2 vols. Illustrated. Quarto. 
 
 Military Commission in Europe in 1855-56. — By 
 Alfred Mordecai. 1860. Quarto. 
 
 Mississippi River : Hydrographical Report on the 
 Cppfr JSaw«.— By I. N. Nicollet. 1843. Octavo. 
 
 Navy Register. — Published annually by the Navy 
 Department. Octavo. 
 
 Patent Office. — Annual Reports published separate- 
 ly and also with Executive Documents. Embodied in 
 these volumes are outline engravings and full descrip- 
 tions of all the articles which are patented by tho 
 government. Octavo. 
 
 Public Lands. -Annual Reports published separate- 
 ly and with the Executive Documents. Tlie more re- 
 cent issues of this work have been accompanied by 
 maps of great and peculiar value. Octavo. 
 
 Reports of Committees. — This is a series of volumes 
 containing all the reports made in the two houses of 
 Congress, whether the same have been favorably re- 
 ceived or not. Octavo. 
 
 Seat of War in Europe in 1855-56.— By Major 
 George B. McCTellan. 1857. Quarto. Illustrated. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution. — In addition to its annual 
 octavo reports this institution issues volumes in quarto 
 form of a scientific character for exchange with for- 
 eign governments. 
 
 Statutes at Large. — These large octavo volumes 
 consist of all the laws passed by Congress, formerly 
 arranged and printed by Little & Brown for the 
 Government, but now published by the Government, 
 under the title of Revised Statutes. 
 
 Congressional Record. — Same as Congressional 
 Globe, only that it is published at the Government 
 Printing Office. Commenced in 1878. 
 
 Sea Fisheries, 1871 to 1873.— 2 vols. By Spencer F. 
 Baird. 
 
56S 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 THE NEWSPAPER PRESS. 
 
 The total number of newspapers published in the 
 United States, in 1875, was seven thousand eight hun- 
 dred and seventy. Of this number, seven of them 
 have been in existence more than one hundred years, 
 viz. ; 
 
 E8T.&BLISHED. 
 
 Portsmouth Gazette, N. H 1756 
 
 Newport Mercury, R. 1 1758 
 
 New London Gazette, Conn 1763 
 
 Hartford Oouraut, Conn 1764 
 
 New Haven Journal, Conn 1767 
 
 Salem Gazette, Mass 1768 
 
 Worcester Spy, Ma.sa 1770 
 
 The papers which have been published for more 
 than half a century number thirty-three, and are as 
 follows : 
 
 Established. 
 
 Pittsburg Gazette, Pa 1786 
 
 Northampton Gazette, Mass 1786 
 
 Greenville Gazette and Courier, Mass 1793 
 
 Pittsburg Post, Penn 1792 
 
 Rutland Herald, Vt 1793 
 
 New York Commercial Advertiser 1793 
 
 Utica Herald and Gazette, N. Y 1796 
 
 Newbury port Herald, Mass 1797 
 
 Virginia Advertiser, Va 1800 
 
 Charleston Courier, S. C 1800 
 
 Salem Register, Mass 1800 
 
 Frederick Herald, Ind 1803 
 
 Eastern Argus, Mass 1803 
 
 Richmond Enquirer, Va 1804 
 
 New York Evening Post, N. Y 1804 
 
 Catskill Recorder and Democrat, N. Y 1804 
 
 Cincinnati Gazette, Ohio 1806 
 
 Cooperstown Freeman's Journal, N. Y 1808 
 
 St. Louis Republican, Mo 1808 
 
 Lynchburg Virginian, Va 1808 
 
 Albany Argus, N. Y 1813 
 
 Boston Daily Advertiser, Mass 1813 
 
 Canton Repository, Ohio 1814 
 
 Alexandria Gazette, Va 1816 
 
 Boston Recorder, Mass 1816 
 
 Hartford Times, Conn 1817 
 
 Zion's Herald, N. Y 1818 
 
 Boston Watchman and Reflector, Mass 1819 
 
 New York Observer, N. Y 1830 
 
 Providence Journal, R. 1 1820 
 
 Christian Register, Mass 1821 
 
 Mobile Register, Ala 1821 
 
 Old Colony Memorial, Mass 1832 
 
 To give the names of all the newspapers in the 
 country is, of course, out of the question in this 
 place, but the numbers published in each State are 
 as follows ; 
 
 Maine 82 
 
 New Hampshire 08 
 
 Vermont 68 
 
 Massachusetts 336 
 
 Rhode Island 27 
 
 Connecticut 104 
 
 New York 1086 
 
 New Jersey 177 
 
 Pennsylvania 707 
 
 Delaware 25 
 
 Maryland 115 
 
 Virginia 143 
 
 West Virginia 75 
 
 North Carolina 106 
 
 South Carolina 84 
 
 Georgia 148 
 
 Alabama 97 
 
 Florida 31 
 
 Kentucky 130 
 
 Tennessee 141 
 
 Arkansas 59 
 
 Mississippi 104 
 
 Louisiana 99 
 
 Texas 168 
 
 Ohio 537 
 
 Indiana 357 
 
 niinoia 643 
 
 Michigan 396 
 
 Wisconsin 253 
 
 Minnesota 139 
 
 Iowa 379 
 
 Missouri 401 
 
 Kansas 153 
 
 Nebraska 98 
 
 California 311 
 
 Oregon 43 
 
 Nevada 22 
 
 District of Columbia. 27 
 Territories 134 
 
 Of all the newspapers published in the United 
 States during the century just closed, perhaps the 
 most famous and influential one of all, by common 
 consent, was the National lateUigencer, which was a 
 kind of public institution in Washington from 1800 to 
 1805, when the surviving editor, on account of ad- 
 vancing years, withdrew to private life, and the career 
 of the grand old journal was ended. 
 
 The Class Journ ils of the United States are as fol- 
 lows : — Religious Newspapers, 413 ; Agricultural 
 Newspapers, 133; Medical Journals, 81 ; Masonic 
 Journals, 10; Odd-fellows' Journals, 13 ; Temperance 
 Journals, 64 ; Journals of Knights of Pythias. 4 ; Ju- 
 venile Publications, 41 ; Educational Journals, 123 ; 
 Commercial and Financial Journals, 126 ; Insurance 
 Journals, 34 ; Real Estate Journals, 23 ; Scientific 
 Journals, 93 ; Law Journals, 35 ; Printers' and Pub- 
 lishers' Journals, 15; Sporting Journals, 13 ; Musical 
 Journals, 30 ; Fashion Journals, 19 ; Woman's Rights 
 Journals, 5 ; German Newspapers, 349 ; and the 
 French, Scandinavian, Spanish, Hollandish, Italian, 
 Welsh, Bohemian, Portuguese, and Polish Journals 
 number in all about 200. 
 
 EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The subjoined statistics, illustrating the condition j Total expenditures for files building purposes, fnr- 
 
 of education in the United States during the year nuiiie, etc. (lenitories) 
 
 1874, were obtained from the Educational Bureau in 
 Washington : 
 
 Number of Universities and Colleges, so called .S5.3 
 
 Value of buildings and lauds $39,170,22:! 
 
 Productive fund 28,080,309 
 
 In the Ter- 
 
 Total. 
 3,875.0150 
 8.090,981 
 4.521,564 
 
 In the States. 
 
 School population 18.73.1.672 
 
 EnnilUdin public schools.... 8,030,772 
 Average daily attendance 4,488,075 
 
 ntones. 
 139,378 
 69,209 
 33,489 
 
 Total estimated number of children between 6 and 
 
 16ycarsofage 10,536,647 
 
 Total numbei- of teachers, 1874 241,300 
 
 Total income of public schools (States) $81,277,686 
 
 Total income of public schools (Territories) 881,219 
 
 Total $82,158,905 
 
 Total expenditures for sites, building purposes, fur- 
 niture, etc. (States) $14,852,259 
 
 Total 
 
 Salaries of Superintendents 
 
 Sala.-ics of teachers (States) 
 
 Salaries of teachers (Territories). . 
 
 $193,649 
 
 $15,013,908 
 
 $924,773 
 
 46,201,609 
 
 502,as6 
 
 Total $17,628,668 
 
 Total miscellaneous expenditures (States) $11,609,159 
 
 Total miscellaneous expenditures (Territories) 93.936 
 
 Total $11,703,695 
 
 Total expenditures (States) $74,169,217 
 
 Total expenditures (Territories) 805,121 
 
 Total $74,974,388 
 
 Total value of buildings, sites, etc. (States) $164,180,947 
 
 Total value of buildings, sites, etc. (Territories)... 1,572,500 
 
 Total $105,753,447 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 5fi9 
 
 Number of Normal Schools 1,031 Mercantile Library, New York 147,578 
 
 Number of Schools of Science 
 Number of Scli.iob of Theology 
 
 Number of Schools ol Law 
 
 Numi)er of Schools of Medicine, 
 
 Tlie public Libraries of the United States number 
 336, and tliose wliich contain more than 50,000 vol- 
 umes are as follows : 
 
 The National Library, Washington 274 157 
 
 Public Library, Boston 270,0110 
 
 Aetor Library, New York 147,640 
 
 Library of National Houi<e of Kepresentatives, Washing 
 
 ton 125,li00 
 
 Mercantile Library, Philadelphia 109.943 
 
 At beiiEeum Library, Boston 103,000 
 
 Library Company, Philadelphia 100.000 
 
 State Library. Albany 93.809 
 
 Public Library, Cincinnati 71,405 
 
 Society Library, New York 62,000 
 
 American Antiquarian Society Library, Worcester... . 57,628 
 
 Library, Peabody Institute, Baltimore 66,292 
 
 Apprentices' Library, New York 51.871 
 
 Mercantile Library, Brooklyn 61,100 
 
 Public Library, Louisville 60,000 
 
 COLONIAL GOVERNORS OF AMERICA. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Richard Cults 1G80 
 
 Richard Waldron 1681 
 
 Edward Cranfield 1683 
 
 Walter Barefoot 1685 
 
 Joseph Dudley 1686 
 
 Edmond Andros 1687 
 
 Simon Bradstreet 1689 
 
 John Usher 1692 
 
 William Partridge 1697 
 
 Samuel Allen 1699 
 
 Earl of Bellemont 1703 
 
 Joseph Dudlej' 1716 
 
 Samuel Sliute 1738 
 
 William Burnett 1730 
 
 Jonathan Belcher 1741 
 
 Benjamin AVent worth 1767 
 
 John Went worth 1775 
 
 When the British power terminated. 
 
 Mesheck Weare 1776 
 
 John Langdou 1788 
 
 John Sullivan 1790 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 John Carver, of Plymouth, Massachusetts 1620 
 
 William Bradford I(i31 
 
 Edward Winslow 1633 
 
 Thomas Prince 1634 
 
 William Bradford 1635 
 
 Edward Winslow 1636 
 
 William Bradford 1637 
 
 Thomas Prince 1638 
 
 William Bradford 1639 
 
 Edward Winslow 1641 
 
 William Bradford 1645 
 
 Thomas Prince 1657 
 
 Josias Winslow 1673 
 
 Thomas Hinckley 1680 
 
 John Winthrop, of Mass., under first charter 1630 
 
 Tliomas Dudley 1 634 
 
 John Haynes 1635 
 
 Henry Vane 1636 
 
 John Winthrop 1637 
 
 Thomas Dudley 1040 
 
 Richard Bellingham 1641 
 
 John Winthrop 1643 
 
 John Winthrop 1646 
 
 John Endicott 1649 
 
 Thomas Dudley 1650 
 
 John Endicott 1651 
 
 Richard Bellingham 1654 
 
 John Endicott 1655 
 
 Richard Bellingham 1665 
 
 John Leverett 1678 
 
 Simon Bradstreet 1679 
 
 Joseiih Dudley, after dissolution 1686 
 
 Sir Edmond Andros 1 687 
 
 Simon Bradstreet 1691 
 
 Sir William Phips, under second charter 1693 
 
 Earl of Bellemont 1699 
 
 Joseph Dudley 1703 
 
 Samuel Shute 171C 
 
 William Burnett 1728 
 
 Jonathan Belcher 1730 
 
 William Shirley 1740 
 
 Thomas Pownal 1757 
 
 Francis Bernard 1 760 
 
 Thomas Hutchison 1770 
 
 Thomas Gage 1774 
 
 John Hancock 1780 
 
 James Bowdoin 1785 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 (Presidents.) 
 
 John Coggeshall, 1647 
 
 Jeremiah Clarke 1648 
 
 John Smith 1649 
 
 Nicholas Easton 1650 
 
 Roger Williams 1055 
 
 Benedict Arnold 1657 
 
 William Brenton 1600 
 
 Benedict Arnold 1663 
 
 Benedict Arnold 1663 
 
 William Brenton 1666 
 
 Benedict Arnold 1669 
 
 Nicholas Easton 1672 
 
 William Coddington 1674 
 
 Walter Clarke 1676 
 
 Benedict Arnold 1677 
 
 John Cranston 1679 
 
 Peleg Sanford 1680 
 
 William Coddington 1683 
 
 Henry Bull 1685 
 
 Walter Clarke 1686 
 
 Sir Edmond Andres 1686 
 
 Henry Bull 1689 
 
 John'Easton 1690 
 
 Caleb Carr 1695 
 
 Walter Clarke 1696 
 
 Samuel Cranston 1698 
 
 Joseph Jenckes 1727 
 
 William Wanton 1733 
 
 John Wanton 1734 
 
 Richard Ward 1741 
 
 William Greene 1743 
 
 Gideon Wanton 174.5 
 
 William Greene 1746 
 
 Gideon Wanton 1747 
 
 William Greene 1748 
 
 Stephen Hopkins 1755 
 
 William Greene 1757 
 
 Stepheti Hopkins 1758 
 
 Samuel Ward 1763 
 
 Stephen Hopkins 1763 
 
 Samuel Ward 1 765 
 
 Stephen Hopkins 1767 
 
 Josias Lynden 1768 
 
 Joseph Wanton 1769 
 
 Nicholas Cooke 1 775 
 
 Nicholas Cooke 1776 
 
 William Greene 1778 
 
 John Collins 1786 
 
570 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 John Wiiithrop 166.5 
 
 William Leet 1676 
 
 Robert Treat 1683 
 
 John Wiiitlirop 1698 
 
 Garden Salstonstall 1708 
 
 Joseph Talcolt 1725 
 
 Jonathan Law 1743 
 
 Roger Wolcott 17ol 
 
 Thomas Fitch 1754 
 
 William Pitkin 1766 
 
 Jonathan Trumbnll 1769 
 
 Matthew Griswold 1784 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Adrian Joris, Dutch Goternors 1633 
 
 Cornelius Jacobzen May 1634 
 
 William Verhulst 1635 
 
 Peter Minuet 1636 
 
 Wouter Van Twiller 1629 
 
 William Kieft 1638 
 
 Peter Stuvesaudt 1647 
 
 Anthony Colve 1673 
 
 Richard NichoUs, British Governors 1664 
 
 Francis Lovelace 1667 
 
 Sir Edmond Androa 1674 
 
 Thomas Dongan 1683 
 
 Francis Nicholson 16>7 
 
 Jacob Le>ler 1690 
 
 Henry Slou<;liter 1691 
 
 Joseph Dudley 1692 
 
 Richard Ingoldsby 1693 
 
 Benjamin Fletcher 1693 
 
 Earl of Bellemont 1697 
 
 John Naufau 1701 
 
 Lord Cornbary 1703 
 
 Lord Lovelace 1708 
 
 Richard Ingoldsby 1709 
 
 Gerardus Beekraan 1710 
 
 Andrew Hunter 1710 
 
 Peter Schuyler 1719 
 
 William Burnet 1720 
 
 John Montgomerie 1728 
 
 Lewis Morris 1731 
 
 Rip Van Dam 1731 
 
 William Cosby 1733 
 
 John Hamilton 1736 
 
 George Clark 1736 
 
 George Clinton 1743 
 
 Dan vers Osborne 1753 
 
 James De Lancey 1753 
 
 Sir Charles Hardy 1755 
 
 James De Lancev 1757 
 
 Cad wallader Colden 1760 
 
 Robert Monkton 1762 
 
 Cad wallader Colden 1763 
 
 Henry Moore 176.1 
 
 Cadwallader Colden 1769 
 
 vEarl of Duumore 1770 
 
 William Tryon 1771 
 
 Cadwallader Colden 1775 
 
 James Robertson 1780 
 
 George Clinton, Governor, Independent* 1777 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Lord Cornbury 1730 
 
 Lewie Morris 1738 
 
 Jonathan Belcher 1747 
 
 John Hamilton 1746 
 
 Jonathan Belcher 1747 
 
 John Reading 1757 
 
 Francis Barnard 1758 
 
 Thomas Boone 1760 
 
 Thomas Hardy 1761 
 
 • A part of the preceding had jari«diction oyer New Jersey. 
 
 W^illiam Franklin 1763 
 
 William Livingston, Republican 1776 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 William Penn 1683 
 
 Thomas Lloyd : 1684 
 
 John Blackwell 1688 
 
 Benjamin Fletcher 1693 
 
 William Penn 1099 
 
 Andrew Hamilton 1701 
 
 John Evans 1704 
 
 Charles Gookins 1709 
 
 Sir William Keith 1 717 
 
 Patrick Gordon 1736 
 
 James Logan 1736 
 
 George Thomas 1738 
 
 Anthony Palmer 1747 
 
 James Hamilton 1748 
 
 Robert Hunter Morris 1754 
 
 William Denny 1756 
 
 James Hamilton 1759 
 
 John Penn 1763 
 
 James Hamilton 1771 
 
 Richard Penn 1771 
 
 John Penn 1773 
 
 Thomas Wharton, Republican 1777 
 
 Joseph Reed 1778 
 
 William Moore 1781 
 
 John Dickinson 1782 
 
 Benjamin Franklin 1785 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 William Penn 1700 
 
 Sir William Keith 1731 
 
 Patrick Gordon 1726 
 
 George Thomas 1738 
 
 James Hamilton 1745 
 
 Robert Hunter Morris 1754 
 
 James Hamilton 1760 
 
 John Penn 1765 
 
 Richard Penn 1768 
 
 John Penn 1773 
 
 John M'Kinley, Republican 1777 
 
 Caesar Rodney 1778 
 
 John Dickinson 1783 
 
 John Cook 1873 
 
 Nicholas Van Dyke 1783 
 
 Thomas Collins 1786 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Lyonel Copley 1693 
 
 Francis Nicholson 1694 
 
 Nathaniel Blakiston 1699 
 
 John Seymour 1704 
 
 John Hart 1714 
 
 Charles Calvert 1730 
 
 Benedict Leonard Calvert 1737 
 
 Charles Lord Baltimore 1731 
 
 Samuel Ogle , 1733 
 
 Thomas Bladen 1742 
 
 Charles Lord Baltimore 1746 
 
 Samuel Ogle 1747 
 
 Frederick Lord Baltimore 1752 
 
 Horatio Sharpe 1753 
 
 Robert Eden 1769 
 
 Thomas JohnsAon, Republican 1777 
 
 Thomas Sim Lee 1779 
 
 William Paca 1782 
 
 William Smallwood 1785 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Sir Thomas Smith 1606 
 
 Edward M. Wingfield 1607 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 571 
 
 John Radcliffe 1607 
 
 John Smith 1608 
 
 Geoisre Percy 1610 
 
 LordDe La War 1610 
 
 Sir Thomas Dale 1611 
 
 Sir Thomas Gates 1611 
 
 Sir Thomas Dale 1614 
 
 Sir George Yeardly 1016 
 
 Sir Samuel Argale 1617 
 
 Sir George Yeardly 1618 
 
 Sir Thomas Wyatt 1631 
 
 Sir George Yeardly 1626 
 
 Sir George Yeardly 1626 
 
 Francis West 1627 
 
 Doctor John Pott 1628 
 
 Sir John Harvey 1629 
 
 John West 1035 
 
 Sir John Harvey 1636 
 
 Sir Francis Wyatt 1639 
 
 Sir William Berckley 1641 
 
 Frederick Kempe 1644 
 
 Sir William Berckley 1045 
 
 Richard Burnett 1653 
 
 Edward Diggs ; 1055 
 
 Samuel Matliews 1056 
 
 Sir William Berckley 1659 
 
 Francis Morrvson 1661 
 
 Sir William Berckley 1663 
 
 Herbert Jeffries 1677 
 
 Sir Henry Checkley , 1678 
 
 Lord Culpepper, Governor 1680 
 
 Nicholas Spencer 1083 
 
 Lord Howard, Governor 1684 
 
 Matthew Bacon 1688 
 
 Francis Nicholson 1690 
 
 Sir Edmond Audros 1692 
 
 Francis Nicholson 1098 
 
 Edward Nott 1705 
 
 Edmond Jennings 1706 
 
 Alexander Spottswood 1710 
 
 Hugh Drysdale , 1732 
 
 Robert Carter 1736 
 
 William Gooch 1737 
 
 Tliomas Lee 1749 
 
 Lewis Bur well 1749 
 
 Robert Dinwiddie 1753 
 
 Francis Fauquier 1758 
 
 John Blair 1767 
 
 Lord Botetourt 1708 
 
 William Nelson 1770 
 
 Lord Dunmore 1773 
 
 Patrick Henry, Republican ,1776 
 
 Thomas Jefferson 1779 
 
 Thomas Nelson 1781 
 
 Benjamin Harrison 1782 
 
 Patrick Henry 1784 
 
 Edmond Randolph ■/. 1786 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Charles Eden 1715 
 
 William Reed 1722 
 
 Sir Richard Everard 1727 
 
 Gabriel Johnson 1734 
 
 Matthew Rowan 1753 
 
 Arthur Dobbs 17,54 
 
 William Tryon 1700 
 
 Josiah Martin 1771 
 
 Richard Caswell, Republican 1777 
 
 Abner Nash 1780 
 
 Thomas Burke 1781 
 
 Alexander Martin 1782 
 
 Richard Caswell 1785 
 
 Samuel Johnson 1788 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 William Sayle 1670 
 
 Joseph Wes't 1671 
 
 Joseph Yeamau 1071 
 
 Joseph West 1674 
 
 Joseph Morton 1683 
 
 Joseph West 1084 
 
 Richard Kirk 1084 
 
 Robert Quarry 1684 
 
 Joseph Morton 1685 
 
 James Colleton 1686 
 
 Seth Sothell 1690 
 
 Philip Lud well 1693 
 
 Thomas Smith 1098 
 
 Joseph Blake 1094 
 
 John Arclidale 1095 
 
 Joseph Blake 1696 
 
 James Moore 1700 
 
 Nathaniel Johnston • 1703 
 
 Edward Tyne 1709 
 
 Robert Gibbs 1710 
 
 Charles Craven 1713 
 
 Robert Daniel 1716 
 
 Robert Johnston 1719 
 
 James Moore 1719 
 
 Arthur Middleton , 1719 
 
 Francis Nicholson 1731 
 
 Arthur Middleton 1725 
 
 Robert Johnston 1730 
 
 Thomas Broughton 1735 
 
 William Bull 1737 
 
 James Glen 1743 
 
 William H. Littleton 1756 
 
 William Bull 1760 
 
 Thomas Boone 1763 
 
 William Bull - 1763 
 
 Charles Montague 1706 
 
 William Bull 1709 
 
 William Campbell 1775 
 
 Jolin Rutledge, Republican 1775 
 
 Rawlins Lownds 1778 
 
 John Rutledge 1779 
 
 John Mathews 1783 
 
 Benjamin Guerard 1783 
 
 William Moultrie 1785 
 
 Thomas Pinckney 1787 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 James Edward Oglethorpe 1733 
 
 William Stephens 1743 
 
 Henry Parker 1751 
 
 John" Reynolds 1754 
 
 Henry Ellis 1757 
 
 James Wright 1760 
 
 James Habersham 1771 
 
 William Erwin 1775 
 
 Archibald Bulloch 1776 
 
 Button Gwinnett 1777 
 
 John A. Treuitlin 1777 
 
 John Houston 1778 
 
 John Wereat 1778 
 
 George Walton 1779 
 
 Richard Howley 1780 
 
 Stephen Heard 1781 
 
 Nathan Bro wnson 1781 
 
 John Martin 1782 
 
 Lyman Hall 1783 
 
 John Houston 1784 
 
 Samuel Elbert 1785 
 
 Edward Tel fair 1786 
 
 George Mathews 1787 
 
 George Handley 1788 
 
572 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS, SINCE THE ADOPTION 
 OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 
 
 [obtained DfRECTLT FROM THE SECRETARIES OP STATES.] 
 
 (For further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals.) 
 MAINE. 
 
 William King 1820 1822 
 
 Albion K. Parris 1823 1827 
 
 EuocU Lincoln 1837 1839 
 
 Jonathan G. Huntoon 1829 1831 
 
 Samuel E. Smith 1831 1834 
 
 Robert P, Dunlap 18.34 1838 
 
 Edwanl Kent 1838 1839 
 
 John Fairfield. 1839 1840 
 
 Edward Kent , 1840 1841 
 
 John FairBeld 1841 1843 
 
 Edward Kavanaugh (acting) 1843 1844 
 
 Hugh J. Anderson 1844 1847 
 
 John W. Dana 1847 1850 
 
 John Hubbard 1850 1853 
 
 William G. Crosby 1853 1855 
 
 Anson P. Morrill 1855 1856 
 
 Samuel Wells 1856 1857 
 
 Hannibal Hamlin 1857 1857 
 
 Joseph H. Williams 1857 1858 
 
 Lot M, Morrill 1858 1859 
 
 Lot M. Morrill (re-elected) 1859 1860 
 
 Israel Washburne, Jr 1860 1863 
 
 Abner Coburn 1863 1863 
 
 Samuel Cony 1863 1867 
 
 Joshua L. Chamberlain 1867 1871 
 
 Sidney Perham 1871 1874 
 
 Nelson Dingley, Jr 1874 1876 
 
 Selden Connor 1876 1877 
 
 Salary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, one year. 
 
 Seat of Government, Augusta. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Josiah Bartlett 1792 1794 
 
 John Taylor Gilman 1794 1805 
 
 John Laiigdon 1805 1809 
 
 Jeremiah Smith 1809 1810 
 
 John Laugdon 1810 1813 
 
 William Plumer 1813 1813 
 
 John Taylor Gilman 1814 1816 
 
 William Plumer 1816 1819 
 
 Samuel Bell 1819 1823 
 
 LeviWoodbury 1823 1834 
 
 David L. Morrill 1824 1827 
 
 Benjamin Pierce 1827 1829 
 
 John Bell 1838 1830 
 
 Matthew Harvey 1830 1831 
 
 Joseph M. Harper 1831 1831 
 
 Samuel Dinsmoor 1831 1834 
 
 William Badger 1834 1836 
 
 Isaac Hill 1836 1839 
 
 John Page 1839 1843 
 
 Henrv Hubbard 1843 1844 
 
 John'H. Steele 1844 1846 
 
 Anthony Colby 1846 1847 
 
 Jared W. Williams 1847 1849 
 
 Samuel Dinsmoor 1849 1853 
 
 Noah Martin 1852 1854 
 
 Nathaniel B. Baker 1854 1855 
 
 Ralph MetcaU 1856 1856 
 
 Ralph Metcalf 1856 1857 
 
 William Haile 1857 1858 
 
 William Haile (re-elected) 1858 1859 
 
 Ichabod Goodwin 1859 
 
 Nathaniel S. Berry 1861 1863 
 
 Joseph A. Gilraore 1863 1865 
 
 Frederick Smythe 1865 1867 
 
 Walter Harriman 1867 1869 
 
 Onslow Stearns 1869 1871 
 
 FROM 
 
 James A. Weston 1871 
 
 Ezekiel A. Straw 1873 
 
 James A. Weston 1874 
 
 Person C. Clieny 1875 
 
 Salary, $1,000. 
 
 Term, one year. 
 
 Seat of Government, Concord. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Thomas Chittenden 1778 
 
 Moses Robinson 1789 
 
 Thomas Chittenden 1790 
 
 Paul Brigham (Lt.-Gov. acting). 
 
 Isaac Tichenor 1797 
 
 Israel Smith 1807 
 
 Isaac Tichenor 1808 
 
 Jonas Galusha 1809 
 
 Martin Chittenden 1813 
 
 Jonas Galusha 1815 
 
 Richard Skinner 1820 
 
 C. P. Van Ness 1833 
 
 Ezra Butler 1826 
 
 Samuel C. Crafts 1828 
 
 William A. Palmer 1831 
 
 S. J. Jenison (Lt.-Gov. acting). 
 
 Silas A. Jenison 18,S5 
 
 Charles Paine 1841 
 
 John Mattocks 1843 
 
 William Slade 1844 
 
 Horace Eaton 1846 
 
 Carlos Coolidge 1849 
 
 Charles K. Williams 1850 
 
 Erastus Fairbanks 1853 
 
 John S. Robinson 1853 
 
 Stephen Koyce 1854 
 
 Rvland Fletcher 1856 
 
 H'iland Hall 1858 
 
 Hiland Hall (re-elected). 1859 
 
 Erastus Fairbanks 1860 
 
 Frederick Holbrook 1861 
 
 J. Gregory Smith 1863 
 
 Paul Dillingham 1805 
 
 John B. Page 1867 
 
 Peter T. Washburn 1869 
 
 G. W. Hendee (Lt.-Gov. Acting) 1870 
 
 John W. Stewart 1870 
 
 Julius Converse 1872 
 
 Isabel Peck 1874 
 
 Salary, $1,000. 
 
 Term, one year. 
 
 Seat of Government, Montpelier. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 John Hancock 1789 
 
 Samuel Adams 1794 
 
 Increase Sumner 1797 
 
 Moses Gill (acting) 1799 
 
 Caleb Strong 1800 
 
 James Sullivan 1807 
 
 Levi Lincoln (acting) 1808 
 
 Christopher Gore 1809 
 
 Elhridge Gerry 1810 
 
 Caleb Strong 1812 
 
 1801 i John Brooks 1816 
 
 William Eustis 1823 
 
 Marcus Morton (acting). . ."' 1825 
 
 Levi Lincoln 1825 
 
 John Davis 1834 
 
 S. T. Armstrong (acting) 1836 
 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1789 
 1790 
 
 1797 
 
 1807 
 1808 
 1809 
 1818 
 1815 
 1830 
 1833 
 1826 
 1838 
 1831 
 1835 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 573 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 Edward Everett. . .' 1836 1840 
 
 Mar%is Morton 1840 1841 
 
 John Davis 1841 184.3 
 
 Marcus Morton 1843 1844 
 
 George N. Briggs 1844 18.51 
 
 George S. Boutwell. .x 1851 1853 
 
 John H. Clifford 1853 1854 
 
 Emory Washburn 1854 1855 
 
 Henrv J. Gardner 1855 1858 
 
 Nathaniel P. Banks.. v 18.58 1861 
 
 John A. Andrew 1861 1866 
 
 Alexander H. Bullock 1866 1870 
 
 William Claflin 1870 1873 
 
 William B, Washburn 1873 1875 
 
 William Gaston 1875 1876 
 
 Alexander H. Rice 1876 1877 
 
 Salary, $5,000. 
 
 Term, one year. 
 
 Seat of Government, Boston. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Arthur Fenner 1790 1805 
 
 Henry Smith (acting) 1805 1806 
 
 Isaac Wilbur (acting) 1806 1807 
 
 James Fenner 1807 1811 
 
 William Jones 1811 1817 
 
 Nehemifth R. Knight 1817 1831 
 
 William C. Gibbs 1831 1834 
 
 James Fenner 1834 1831 
 
 Lemuel H. Arnold 1831 1833 
 
 John B. Francis 1833 1838 
 
 William Sprague 1838 1839 
 
 Samuel W. King (acting) 1839 1840 
 
 Samuel W. King 1840 1843 
 
 James Fenner 1843 1845 
 
 Charles Jackson 1845 1846 
 
 Byron Diman...'. 1846 1847 
 
 Elisha Harris 1847 1849 
 
 Henry B. Anthony 1849 1851 
 
 Philip Allen 1851 18.53 
 
 William Beach Lawrence (acting) 18.53 1853 
 
 Philip Allen 1853 18.53 
 
 Francis M. Dimond 1853 1854 
 
 William W. Hoppin 18.54 18.57 
 
 Elisha Dyer 1857 1859 
 
 Thomas G. Turner 1859 1860 
 
 William Spragne 1860 1863 
 
 John R. Bartlett (acting) 1861 1863 
 
 William C. Cozzens (acting) 1863 1803 
 
 James Y. Smith 1863 1866 
 
 Ambrose E. Buruside 1866 1869 
 
 Seth Padelford 1869 1873 
 
 Henry Howard 1873 1875 
 
 Henry Lippett 1875 1876 
 
 Salary, $1,000. 
 
 Term, one year. 
 
 Seats of Government, Newport and Providence, al- 
 ternately. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Samuel Huntington 1785 1796 
 
 Oliver Wolcott 1796 1798 
 
 Jonathan Trumbull. . i 1798 1809 
 
 John Treadwell 1809 1811 
 
 Roger Griswold 1811 1813 
 
 John Cotton Smith 1813 1818 
 
 Oliver Wolcott 1818 1837 
 
 Gideon Tomlinson 1837 1831 
 
 John S. Peters 1831 1833 
 
 Henry W. Edwards 1833 1834 
 
 Samuel A. Foote 1834 1835 
 
 Henry W. Edwards 1835 1838 
 
 William W. Ellsworth 1838 1843 
 
 Chauncey F. Cleveland 1843 1844 
 
 Rogers. Baldwin 1844 1846 
 
 Isaac Toucey 1846 1847 
 
 ClarkBissell 1847 1849 
 
 PROM TO 
 
 Joseph Trumbull 1849 1850 
 
 Thomas H. Seymour 18.50 18.53 
 
 C. H. Pond fading) 1853 1854 
 
 Henry Dutton 1854 1855 
 
 William T. Minor 1855 1857 
 
 Alexander H. Holley 1857 1858 
 
 William A. Buckingham 18.58 1866 
 
 Joseph P>. Hawley 1866 1867 
 
 James E. English 1867 1869 
 
 Marshall Jewell 1869 1870 
 
 James E, English 1870 1871 
 
 Marshall Jewell 1871 1872 
 
 Charles R. Ingersoll 1873 1875 
 
 Salary |3,000. 
 
 Term, one year. 
 
 Seats of Government, Hartford and New Haven, 
 alternately. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 George Clinton 1789 1795 
 
 John Jay 1795 1801 
 
 George Clinton 1801 1804 
 
 Morgan Lewis 1804 1807 
 
 Daniel D. Tompkins 1807 1816 
 
 John Taylor (acting) 1816 1817 
 
 De Witt Clinton 1817 1832 
 
 Joseph C. Yates 1823 1824 
 
 De Witt Clinton 1824 1827 
 
 Nathaniel Pitcher (acting) 1827 1829 
 
 Martin Van Buren 1829 1830 
 
 Enos T. Throop 1831 1833 
 
 William L. Marcy 1833 1839 
 
 William H. Seward 1839 1848 
 
 William C. Bouck 1843 1845 
 
 Silas Wright 1845 1847 
 
 John Young 1847 1849 
 
 Hamilton Fish 1849 1851 
 
 Washington Hunt 1851 1853 
 
 Horatio Seymour 1853 1855 
 
 Myron H. Clark 1855 1857 
 
 John A. King 1857 1859 
 
 Edwin D. Morgan 18.59 1863 
 
 Horatio Seymour 1863 1865 
 
 Reuben E. Fenton 1805 1869 
 
 John T. Hoffman 1869 1873 
 
 John A. Dix 1873 1875 
 
 Samuel J. Tilden 1875 1877 
 
 Salary, $10,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Albany. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 William Livingston 1789 1794 
 
 William Paterson 1794 1794 
 
 Richard Howell 1794 1801 
 
 Joseph Bloomfield 1801 1813 
 
 Aaron Ogden 1812 1813 
 
 William S. Pennington 1813 1815 
 
 Mahlon Dickerson 1815 1817 
 
 Isaac H. Williamson 1817 1829 
 
 Peter D. Vroom 1829 1833 
 
 Samuel L. Southard 1833 1833 
 
 EliasP. Seely 1833 1833 
 
 Peter D. Vroom 1833 1836 
 
 Philemon Dickerson 18.3« 1837 
 
 William Pennington 1837 1843 
 
 Daniel Haines 1843 1844 
 
 Charles C. Stratton 1844 1848 
 
 Daniel Haines 1848 1851 
 
 Goorge F. Fort 1851 1854 
 
 Rodman M. Price 1854 1857 
 
 William A. Newell 1857 I860 
 
 Charles S. Olden 1860 1863 
 
 Joel Parker 1863 1866 
 
 Marcus L. Ward 1866 1869 
 
 Theodore F. Randolph 1809 1873 
 
574 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 Joel Parker 1872 1875 
 
 Joseph D. Bedle 1875 1877 
 
 Salary. $3,000. 
 
 Term, three years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Trenton. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin 1790 1799 
 
 Thomas McKean 1799 1808 
 
 Simon Snvder 1808 1817 
 
 William Findlay 1817 1820 
 
 Josepli Heister 1820 1823 
 
 John Andrew Sliulze 1823 1829 
 
 George Wolf 1829 1835 
 
 Joseph Ritner 1835 1839 
 
 David R. Porter 1839 1845 
 
 Francis B. Shunk 1845 1848 
 
 William F. Johnston 1848 1852 
 
 William Bigler 1853 1855 
 
 James Pollock 1855 1858 
 
 William F. Packer 1858 1861 
 
 Andrew G. Curtin 1861 1867 
 
 John W.Geary 1867 1873 
 
 John F. Hartranft 1873 1879 
 
 Salary, $5,000. 
 
 Term, three years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Harrisburg. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Joshua Clayton 1789 1796 
 
 Gunning Bedford 1796 1797 
 
 Daniel Rogers 1797 1798 
 
 Richard Bassett 1798 1801 
 
 James Sykes (acting) 1801 1802 
 
 David Hall 1803 1805 
 
 Nathaniel Mitchell 1805 1808 
 
 George Truett 1808 1811 
 
 Joseph Haslett 1811 1814 
 
 Daniel Rodney 1814 1817 
 
 John Clarke. ". 1817 1820 
 
 Jacob Stout (acting) 1820 1821 
 
 John Collins 1821 1832 
 
 Caleb Rodney (acting) 1822 1833 
 
 Joseph Haslett ' 1823 1834 
 
 Samuel Pavnter 1824 1827 
 
 George Poindexter 1827 1830 
 
 David Hazzard 1830 1833 
 
 Caleb P. Bennett 1833 1837 
 
 Cornelius P. Comegys 1837 1840 
 
 William B. Cooper 1840 1844 
 
 Thomas Stockton 1844 1846 
 
 Joseph Maul (acting) 1846 1840 
 
 William Temple 1846 1846 
 
 William Thorp 1846 1851 
 
 William H. Ross 1851 1855 
 
 Peter F. Causey 1855 1859 
 
 William Burton 1859 1803 
 
 William Cannon 1863 1865 
 
 Gove Saulsbury 1865 1871 
 
 James Ponder 1871 1875 
 
 John P. Cochran 1875 1879 
 
 Salary, $1,333 J. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Dover. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 John Eager Howard 1788 1792 
 
 George Plater 1793 1793 
 
 Thomas Sim Lee 1792 1794 
 
 John H. Stone 1794 1797 
 
 John Henry 1797 1798 
 
 Benjamin Ogle 1798 1801 
 
 John F. Mercer 1801 1803 
 
 Robert Bowie 1803 1805 
 
 Robert Wright 1805 1809 
 
 Edward Lloyd 1809 1811 
 
 Robert Bowie 1811 1813 
 
 Levin Winder 1812 1815 
 
 C. Ridgely 1815 1818 
 
 C. W. Goldsborough 1818 1819 
 
 Samuel Sprigg 1 819 1822 
 
 Samuel Stevens 1822 1826 
 
 Joseph Kent 1826 1829 
 
 Daniel Martin 1829 1830 
 
 T. K. Carroll 1830 1831 
 
 Daniel Martin 1831 1831 
 
 George Howard (acting) 1831 1833 
 
 George Howard 1833 1833 
 
 James Thomas 1833 1836 
 
 Thomas W. Veasay 1836 1838 
 
 William Grayson 1838 1841 
 
 Francis Thomas 1841 1844 
 
 Thomas G. Pratt 1844 1848 
 
 Philip F. Thomas 1848 1851 
 
 Enoch L. Lowe 1851 1854 
 
 Thomas W. Ligon 1854 1858 
 
 Thomas H. Hicks 1858 1863 
 
 Augustus W. Bradford 1863 1866 
 
 Tliumas Swann 1866 1867 
 
 Odin Bowie 1867 1873 
 
 William Pinkney White 1873 1875 
 
 James B. Groome 1875 1876 
 
 John Lee Carroll 1876 1879 
 
 Salary, $4,500, with a furnished house. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Annapolis. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Beverly Randolph 1788 
 
 Henrv Lee 1791 
 
 Robert Brooke 1794 
 
 James Wood 1796 
 
 James Monroe 1799 
 
 John Page 1803 
 
 William H Cabell 1805 
 
 John Tyler 7 1808 
 
 James Monroe. . . ;• 1811 
 
 George W. Smith 1811 
 
 James Barbour 1813 
 
 Wilson C. Nicholas 1814 
 
 James P. Preston 1816 
 
 Thomas M. Randolph 1819 
 
 James Pleasants 1833 
 
 John Tyler 1825 
 
 William B. Giles 1827 
 
 John Floyd 1830 
 
 Littleton" W. Tazewell 1834 
 
 Windham Robertson (acting) 1836 
 
 David Campbell 1837 
 
 Thomas W. Gilmer 1840 
 
 John Rutherford 1841 
 
 John M. Gregory 1842 
 
 James McDowell 1843 
 
 William Smith 1846 
 
 John B. Floyd : 1849 
 
 Joseph Johnson 1852 
 
 Henry A. Wise 1856 
 
 John'Letcher I860 
 
 Francis H. Pierpont 1864 
 
 Henry H. Wells 1868 
 
 Gilbert C. Walker 1871 
 
 James L. Kemper 1874 
 
 Salary, $5,000. 
 
 Term, three years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Richmond. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Alexander Martin 1789 
 
 Richard D. Spaight 1792 
 
 Samuel Ashe 1795 
 
 William R. Davie 1798 
 
 Benjamin Williams 1799 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 575 
 
 FBOH TO 
 
 James Turner 1803 1805 
 
 Natlianiel Alexander 1805 1807 
 
 Benjamin Williams 1807 1808 
 
 David Stone 1808 1810 
 
 Benjamin Smith 1810 1811 
 
 William Hawkins 1811 1814 
 
 William Miller 1814 1817 
 
 John Branch 1817 1820 
 
 Jesse Franklin 1820 1821 
 
 Gabriel Holmes 1821 1824 
 
 HutchinsG. Burton 1824 1827 
 
 James Iredell 1827 1828 
 
 John Owen 1828 18^0 
 
 Montfort Stokes 1830 1832 
 
 David L. Swain 1832 1835 
 
 Richard D. Spaight 1835 1837 
 
 Edward B. Dudley 1837 1841 
 
 John M. Morehead 1841 1845 
 
 William A. Graham 1845 1849 
 
 Charles Manly 1849 1851 
 
 Davids. Reid 1851 1855 
 
 Thomas Bragg 1855 1859 
 
 John W. Ellis 1859 18G1 
 
 Z. B. Vance 1861 1865 
 
 Wm. W. Holden (Provisional) : . . .1865 1865 
 
 Jonathan Worth 1865 1869 
 
 William W. Holden 1869 1873 
 
 Tod R. Caldwell 1873 1874 
 
 Curtis H. Brogden 1874 1877 
 
 Salary, .$5,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Raleigh. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Charles Pinekney 1789 1792 
 
 Arnolda3 Vanderhorst 1793 1794 
 
 William Moultrie 1794 1796 
 
 Charles Pinekney 1796 1798 
 
 Edward Rutledge 1798 1800 
 
 John Drayton (acting) 1800 1800 
 
 John Dravton (acting) 1800 1802 
 
 James B. Richardson 1802 1804 
 
 Paul Hamilton 1804 1806 
 
 Charles Pinekney 1806 1808 
 
 John Dravton 1808 1810 
 
 Henry Mi'ddleton 1810 1812 
 
 Joseph Alston 1812 1814 
 
 David R. Williams 1814 1816 
 
 Andrew J. Pickens 1816 1818 
 
 John Geddes 1818 1820 
 
 Thomas Bennet 1820 1823 
 
 John L. Wilson 1823 1834 
 
 Richard I. Manning ' 1824 1836 
 
 John Tavlor 1826 1828 
 
 Stephen D. Miller 1828 1830 
 
 James Hamilton 1830 1833 
 
 Robert Y. Hayne 1832 1834 
 
 George McDuffie 1834 1836 
 
 Pierce M. Butler 1836 1838 
 
 Patrick Noble ; 1838 1840 
 
 B. K. Hennegan (acting) 1840 1840 
 
 J. P. Richardson 1840 1842 
 
 James H. Hammond 1842 1844 
 
 William Aiken 1844 1846 
 
 David Johnson 1846 1848 
 
 W. B. Seabrook 1848 1850 
 
 John H. Means 1850 1852 
 
 John L. Manning 1852 1854 
 
 James H. Adams 18.54 1856 
 
 R. F. W. Alston 1856 1858 
 
 William H. Gist 1858 1860 
 
 Francis W. Pickens 1860 1862 
 
 M. L. Bonham 1863 1864 
 
 A. G. Magrath 1864 1865 
 
 Benj. F. Perry (Provisional) 1865 1866 
 
 James L. Orr , 1866 1869 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 Robert K. Scott 1869 1873 
 
 F. J. Moses, Jr 1873 1875 
 
 Daniel H. Chamberlain 1875 1877 
 
 Salary, $4,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Columbia. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 George Walton 1789 1790 
 
 Edward Telfair 1790 1793 
 
 George Matthews 1793 1796 
 
 Jared Irwin 1796 1798 
 
 James Jackson 1798 1801 
 
 David Emanuel (acting) 1801 1801 
 
 Josiah Tatnall 1801 1803 
 
 John Milledge 1S03 1806 
 
 Jared Irwin 1S06 1809 
 
 David B. Mitchell 1809 1813 
 
 Peter Early 1813 1815 
 
 David B. Mitchell 1815 1817 
 
 William Raburn 1817 1819 
 
 Matthew Talbot (acting) 1819 1819 
 
 John Clark 1819 1833 
 
 George M. Troup 1833 1827 
 
 John Forsyth 1837 1829 
 
 George R. Gilmer 1829 1831 
 
 Wilson Lumpkin 1831 1885 
 
 William Schley 1835 1837 
 
 George R. Gilmer 1837 18.39 
 
 Charles J. McDonald 1839 1843 
 
 George W. Crawford 1843 1847 
 
 George W. B. Towns 1847 1851 
 
 Howell Cobb 1851 1853 
 
 Herschel V. Johnson 1853 1857 
 
 Joseph E. Brown 1857 1865 
 
 James Johnson (Provisional) 1865 1865 
 
 Charles J. Jenkins 1865 1869 
 
 Rufus B. Bullock 1869 1873 
 
 James Milton Smith 1872 1877 
 
 Salary, |4,000. 
 
 Term, two j-ears. 
 
 Seat of Government, Milledgeville. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 TERRITOKT. 
 
 William p. Duval 1833 1834 
 
 John H. Eaton 1834 1836 
 
 Richard K. Call 1836 1839 
 
 Robert R. Reid 1839 1841 
 
 Richard K. Call 1841 1844 
 
 John Branch 1844 1845 
 
 STATE. 
 
 WiUiaraD. Moseley 1845 1849 
 
 Thomas Brown 1849 1853 
 
 James E. Broome 1853 1857 
 
 Madison S. Perry 1857 1861 
 
 John Milton 1861 1864 
 
 William Marvin (Provisional) 1865 1866 
 
 Davids. Walker 1866 1869 
 
 Harrison Reed 1869 1873 
 
 0. B. Hart 1873 1874 
 
 M. L. Steams 1874 1876 
 
 Salary, $5,000. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of government, Tallahassee. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 William W. Bibb 1819 1820 
 
 Thomas Bibb 1830 1831 
 
 Israel Pickens 1821 1 825 
 
 John Murphy 1825 18:9 
 
 Gabriel Moore 1829 1831 
 
 John Gayle 1831 1835 
 
 ClementC. Clay 1835 1837 
 
 Arthur P. Bagby 1837 1841 
 
576 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 Benjamin Fitzpatrick 1841 1845 
 
 Joshua L. Martin 1845 1847 
 
 Reuben Chapman 1847 1849 
 
 Heurv W. Collier 1849 1853 
 
 John A. Winston 1853 1857 
 
 Andrew B. Moore 1857 1861 
 
 JohnG. Shorter 1861 1863 
 
 Thomas H. Watts 1863 1865 
 
 Lewis E. Parsons (Provisional) 1865 1865 
 
 R. M. Patton 1865 1869 
 
 Wm. H. Smith 1869 1871 
 
 Robt. B. Lindsay 1871 1873 
 
 David P. Lewis 1872 1874 
 
 George S. Houston 1874 1876 
 
 Salary, |4,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Montgomery. 
 
 MISSISSIPPL 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Winthrop Sargent 1798 1803 
 
 W. C. C. Claiborne 1802 1805 
 
 Robert Williams 1805 1809 
 
 David Holmes 1809 1817 
 
 STATE. 
 
 David Holmes 1817 1819 
 
 George Poindexter 1819 1821 
 
 Walter Leake 1821 1825 
 
 David Holmes 1835 1837 
 
 Gerard C. Brandon 1837 1831 
 
 Abraham M. Scott 1831 1833 
 
 Hiram G. Runnels 1833 1835 
 
 Charles Lynch 1835 ] 837 
 
 Alexander G. McNutt 1837 1841 
 
 TilghamM. Tucker 1841 1843 
 
 Albert G. Brown 1843 1848 
 
 Joseph W. Mathews 1848 1850 
 
 John A. Quitman 1850 1851 
 
 John J. Guion (acting) 1851 1851 
 
 James Whitfield 1851 1852 
 
 Henry S. Foote 1852 1854 
 
 John J. MacRae 1854 1858 
 
 William McWillie 1858 1860 
 
 John J. Pettus 1860 1862 
 
 Jacob Thompson 1863 
 
 Wm. L. Sharkey (Provisional) 1865 1866 
 
 Benjamin G. Humphries 1866 1868 
 
 James L.Alcorn 1868 1870 
 
 R. C. Powers 1870 1874 
 
 Adelbert Ames ... ' 1874 1876 
 
 Salary, $3,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Jackson. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 TERRITORY OP ORLEANS. 
 
 William C. C. Claiborne 1804 1812 
 
 STATE. 
 
 William C. C. Claiborne 1812 1816 
 
 James Villare 1816 1830 
 
 Thomas B. Robertson 1820 1822 
 
 H. S. Thibodeaux (acting) 1823 1834 
 
 Henry Johnson 1824 1828 
 
 Peter Derbigney 1828 1829 
 
 A. Bauvais (acting) 1829 1830 
 
 Jacques Dupre (acting) 1830 1830 
 
 Andre B. Roman 1830 1834 
 
 Edward D. White 1834 1838 
 
 Andre B. Roman 1838 1841 
 
 Alexander Mouton 1841 1845 
 
 '. Isaac Johnson 1845 1850 
 
 Joseph Walker 1850 1854 
 
 FBOM TO 
 
 Paul 0. Hebert 1854 1858 
 
 R. C. WicklifEe 1858 1860 
 
 Thomas O. Moore 1860 1864 
 
 Michael Hahn 1864 1864 
 
 James M. Wells 1864 1867 
 
 B. F. Flanders (by military authority) 1867 1868 
 
 Hcnrv C. Warmouth 1868 1873 
 
 William Pitt Kellogg 
 
 John McEnery 
 
 Salary, |8,000. 
 
 Term, {our years. 
 
 Seat of Government, New Orleans. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 J. Pinckney Henderson 1846 1847 
 
 George T. Wood 1847 1849 
 
 P. H. Bell 1849 1853 
 
 Edward M. Pease 18.53 1857 
 
 H. G. Runnels 18.57 1859 
 
 Sam Houston 1859 1861 
 
 F. R. Lubbeck 1861 1865 
 
 A. J. Hamilton (Provisional) 1865 1866 
 
 J. W. Throckmorton 1866 1867 
 
 E M. Pease 1867 1870 
 
 Edmund J. Davis.- 1870 1874 
 
 Richard Coke 1874 1878 
 
 Salary, .$5,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Austin. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 James Miller 1819 1825 
 
 George Izard 1825 1829 
 
 John Pope 1829 1835 
 
 William S. Fulton 1835 1836 
 
 STATE. 
 
 James S. Conway 1836 1840 
 
 Archibald Yell 1840 1844 
 
 Samuel Adams (acting) 1844 1844 
 
 Thomas S. Drew 1844 1848 
 
 John S. Roane 1848 1853 
 
 Elias N. Conway 1853 1860 
 
 Henry M. Rector 1860 1864 
 
 Isaac Murphy 1864 1869 
 
 Powell Clavton 1869 1873 
 
 0. A. Hadley («j; off.) 1873 1873 
 
 Harris Flannegan 1873 1874 
 
 Elisha Baxter 1874 1875 
 
 A.H.Garland 1875 1877 
 
 Salary, $5,000. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Little Rock. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 John Sevier 1796 1801 
 
 Archibald Roane 1801 1803 
 
 John Sevier 1803 1809 
 
 William Blount 18(19 1815 
 
 Joseph McMinn 1815 1821 
 
 William Carroll 1821 1827 
 
 Sam Houston 1837 1829 
 
 William Carroll 1829 1835 
 
 Newton Cannon 1835 1839 
 
 JamesK.Polk 1839 1841 
 
 James C. Jones 1841 1845 
 
 Aaron V. Brown 1845 1847 
 
 Neil S.Browu 1847 1849 
 
 William Trousdale 1849 1851 
 
 William B. Campbell 1851 1853 
 
 Andrew Johnson 18.53 18.57 
 
 Isham G. Harris 18.57 1861 
 
 Andrew Johnson (military) 1862 1864 
 
 W. G. Brownlow 18G5 1869 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 FROM 
 
 De Witt C. Senter 1869 
 
 John C. Brown 1871 
 
 James D. Porter, Jr 1874 
 
 Salary, $3,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Nashville. 
 
 1871 
 1874 
 1878 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Isaac Shelby 1793 1796 
 
 James Garrard 1796 1804 
 
 Christopher Greenup 1804 1808 
 
 Charles Scott 1808 1813 
 
 Isaac Shelby 1812 181G 
 
 George Madison 1816 1816 
 
 G. Slaugpliter (acting) 1816 1820 
 
 John Adair 1820 1824 
 
 Joseph Desha 1824 1828 
 
 Tliomas Metcalfe 1828 1832 
 
 John Breathitt 18.33 1834 
 
 J. T. Morehead (acting) 1834 1836 
 
 James Clark 1836 1837 
 
 C. A. WicklifTe (acting) 1839 1840 
 
 Robert P. Letcher 1840 1844 
 
 William Owslev 1844 1848 
 
 John J. Crittenden 1848 18.50 
 
 John L. Helm (acting) 1850 1851 
 
 Lazarus W. Powell 1851 1855 
 
 Charles S. Morehead 1855 1859 
 
 Beriah Magoffin 18.59 1861 
 
 J. F. Robinson 1861 1863 
 
 Thomas E. Bramlette 1863 1867 
 
 John L. Helm 1867 1867 
 
 John W. Stevenson (acting) 1867 1868 
 
 John W. Stevenson 1868 1871 
 
 P. H. Leslie 1871 1875 
 
 James B. McCreary 1875 1879 
 
 Salary, |;5,000. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Frankfort. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Arthur St. Clair 1 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Edward Tiffin 1803 
 
 Thomas Kirker (acting) 1807 
 
 Samuel Huntington 1808 
 
 Return J. Meigs 1810 
 
 Othniel Looker (acting) 1814 
 
 Thomas Worthington 1814 
 
 Ethan Allen Brown 1818 
 
 Allen Trimble (acting) 1823 
 
 Jeremiah Morrow 1822 
 
 Allen Trimble 1826 
 
 Duncan McArthur 1830 
 
 Robert Lucas 1832 
 
 Joseph Vance 1836 
 
 Wilson Shannon 1838 
 
 Thomas Corwin 1840 
 
 Wilson Shannon 1842 
 
 Thomas W. Bartley (acting) 1844 
 
 Mordecai Bartley 1844 
 
 William Bebb 1846 
 
 Seabury Ford 1848 
 
 Reuben Wood 1850 
 
 William Medill 18.53 
 
 Salmon P. Chase 1856 
 
 William Dennison 1860 
 
 David Tod 1862 
 
 John Brough 1864 
 
 Charles Anderson (acting) 1865 
 
 Jacob D. Cox 1866 
 
 Rutherford B. Hayes 1868 
 
 88 1803 
 
 1807 
 1807 
 1810 
 1814 
 1814 
 1818 
 1822 
 1833 
 1826 
 1830 
 1832 
 1836 
 1838 
 1840 
 1842 
 1844 
 1844 
 1846 
 1848 
 1850 
 1853 
 1856 
 1860 
 1862 
 1864 
 1805 
 1866 
 1868 
 1872 
 
 FEOM TO 
 
 Edward F. Noyes 1872 1874 
 
 William Allen 1874 1876 
 
 Rutherford B. Haves 1876 1878 
 
 Salary, $4,000. " 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Columbus. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 TERRITORT. ' 
 
 William Hull 1805 1814 
 
 Lewis Cass 1814 1831 
 
 George B. Porter 1831 1834 
 
 Stevens T. Mason (acting) 1834 1835 
 
 J. S. Horner (acting) 1835 1836 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Stevens T. Mason 1836 1840 
 
 William Woodbridge 1840 1841 
 
 J. W. Gordon (acting) 1841 1842 
 
 John S. Barry 1843 1846 
 
 Alpheus Felch 1846 1847 
 
 W. L. Greenley (acting) 1847 1848 
 
 Epaphroditus Ransom 1848 18.50 
 
 John S. Barrv 1850 18-53 
 
 Robert McClelland 18.52 1853 
 
 A. Parsons (acting) 1843 1855 
 
 Kinsley S. Bingham 1855 1857 
 
 Kinsley S. Bingham 1857 18.59 
 
 Moses Wisner 1859 1861 
 
 Austin Blair 1861 1865 
 
 Henry H. Crapo 1865 1869 
 
 Henry P. Baldwin 1869 1873 
 
 John J. Baglev 1873 1877 
 
 Salary, $1,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Lansing. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 William H. Harrison 1800 1811 
 
 John Gibson (acting) 1811 1813 
 
 Thomas Posey 1813 1816 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Jonathan .Jennings 1816 1822 
 
 William Hendricks 1832 1825 
 
 James Brown Ray 1825 1831 
 
 Noah Noble 1831 1837 
 
 David Wallace 1827 1840 
 
 Samuel Bigjrer 1840 1843 
 
 James Whitcomb 1843 1848 
 
 Paris C. Dunning* 1848 1849 
 
 Joseph A. Wright 1849 1857 
 
 Ashbel P. Willard 18.57 Died 
 
 Abram A. Hammond 1860 1861 
 
 HenrvS. Lane 1861 1861- 
 
 Oliver P. Morton 1861 1867 
 
 Conrad Baker 1867 1873 
 
 Thomas A. Hendricks 1873 1877 
 
 Salary, $3,000. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Indianapolis. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Ninian Edwards 1809 1818 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Shadrach Bond 1818 1822 
 
srs 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 Edward Coles 1823 1826 
 
 Niniaii Edwards 1826 1830 
 
 John Reynolds 1830 1834 
 
 Josejih Ducan 1834 1838 
 
 Thomas Carlin 1838 1842 
 
 Thomas Ford ' 1842 1846 
 
 Augustus C. French 1846 1853 
 
 Joel A. Matteson 1853 1857 
 
 William H. Bissell 1857 1860 
 
 John Wood (acting) 1860 1861 
 
 Richard Yates 1861 1865 
 
 Richard J. Oglesby 1865 1869 
 
 John M. Palmer 1869 1873 
 
 John L. Beveridge 1873 1877 
 
 Salary, $1,500. 
 
 'I'erm, four years. 
 
 Seat of Gtovernment, Springfield. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Benjamin Howard 1812 
 
 William Clark 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Alexander McXair 1820 
 
 Frederick Bates 1824 
 
 John Miller 1826 
 
 Daniel Dunklin 1832 
 
 L. W. Boggs 1836 
 
 Thomas Reynolds 1840 
 
 John C. Edwards 1844 
 
 Austin A. King 1848 
 
 Sterling Price 1853 
 
 Trusten Polk 1857 
 
 Hancock Jackson (acting) 1857 
 
 R. iM. Stewart 1857 
 
 Claiborne F. Jackson 1861 
 
 H. R. Gamble 1861 
 
 Thomas C. Fletcher 1864 
 
 Joseph \V. McClurg 1868 
 
 B. Gratz Brown 1871 
 
 Silas Woodson 1873 
 
 Charles H. Hardin 1875 
 
 Salary, $2,500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Jefferson City. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Robert Lucas 1838 
 
 John Chambers 1841 
 
 James Clark 1846 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Ansel Briggs 1846 
 
 Stephen Hemi>stead 1850 
 
 James W. Grimes 1854 
 
 Ralph P. Lowe 1858 
 
 S. J. Kirk wood 1860 
 
 William M. Stone 1864 
 
 Samuel Merrill 1868 
 
 C. C. Carpenter 1872 
 
 S. J. Kirksvood 1876 
 
 Salary, $2,500. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of ^Government, Des Moines City. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 1824 
 
 1836 
 1833 
 1836 
 1840 
 1844 
 1848 
 1853 
 1857 
 1857 
 1857 
 1861 
 1861 
 1864 
 1868 
 1871 
 1873 
 1875 
 1877 
 
 1841 
 1846 
 1846 
 
 1850 
 1854 
 1858 
 1860 
 1864 
 1868 
 1872 
 1876 
 1878 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Henry Dodge 1836 
 
 James D. Doty 1841 
 
 Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 1844 
 
 Henry Dodge 1845 
 
 ST.\TE. 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 Nelson Dewey 1848 1851 
 
 Leonard J. Farwell 1851 1858 
 
 William A. Barstow 1853 18.55 
 
 Coles Bashford 1855 1857 
 
 Alexander W. Randall 1857 1861 
 
 Edward Solomon 1861 1863 
 
 James T. Lewis 1863 1866 
 
 Lucius Fairchild 1866 1873 
 
 C. C. Washburne 1873 1874 
 
 William B. Taylor 1874 1876 
 
 Harrison Luddington 1876 1878 
 
 Salary, S5,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Madison. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Peter H. Burnett 1849 1851 
 
 John McDougall (acting) 1851 1853 
 
 John Bigler 1853 1858 
 
 J. Neelv Johnson 1856 1858 
 
 John B. Weller 1858 1860 
 
 M. S. Latham 1860 1803 
 
 John G. Downev 1860 1862 
 
 Leland Stanford 1861 1863 
 
 Frederick F. Low 1863 1868 
 
 Henry H. Ilaight 1868 1871 
 
 Newton Booth 1871 1875 
 
 William Irwin 1875 1877 
 
 Salary, $7,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Sacramento. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 Alexander Ramsey 1849 1853 
 
 Willis A. Gorman 1853 18.57 
 
 Samuel Medary 1857 18.58 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Henry H. Sibley 1858 
 
 Alexander Ramsev 1858 
 
 Stephen Miller. . .' 1863 
 
 William R. Marshall 1866 
 
 Horace Austin 1870 
 
 C. R. Davis 1874 
 
 John S. Pillsbury 1876 
 
 Salary, $3,000. 
 
 Terra, two years 
 
 Seat of Government, St. Paul. 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 James Shields 1848 
 
 Joseph Lane 1848 
 
 .lohn P. Gaines 1850 
 
 Joseph Lane 1853 
 
 John W. Davis 1853 
 
 George L. Curry 1854 
 
 STATE. 
 
 John Whittaker 1859 1863 
 
 A. C. Gibbs 1863 1806 
 
 George L. Woods 1866 1870 
 
 L. F. Grover 1870 1878 
 
 Salary, $l..500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Salem. 
 
 1841 
 1844 
 1845 
 1848 ' A. H. Reeder. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 TERRITORY. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 579 
 
 Jnlin L. Dawson (Declined) 1855 
 
 Wil:?on Shannon .' 1855 
 
 John W. Geary 1856 
 
 R, J. Walker 1857 
 
 J. W. Denver 1858 
 
 F. P. Stanton 1858 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Charles Robinson 1861 
 
 Thomas Carney from 1861 to 1864 
 
 S. J. Crawford from 186-1 to 1869 
 
 James M. Harvey from 1869 to 1873 
 
 Thomas A. Osborne from 1873 to 1875 
 
 Salary, $3,000. 
 
 Term, fonr years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Topeka. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 Arthnr I. Boreman from 1861 to 1869 
 
 William E. Stevenson from 1869 to 1871 
 
 John J. Jacob from 1871 to 1877 
 
 Salary, $2,700. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Wheeling. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 TERRITORY. 
 
 James W. Nye from 1861 to 1864 
 
 STATE. 
 
 H. G. Blaisdell from 1864 to 1871 
 
 James A. Weston from 1871 to 1872 
 
 L. R. Bradlev from 1872 to 1877 
 
 Salary, $6,000. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Carson City. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 TERRITOnT. 
 
 William 0, Butler (Declined) 1854 
 
 Francis Burt 1854 
 
 Mark W. Izard 1854 
 
 William A. Richardson 1857 
 
 Samuel W. Black 1861 
 
 Alvin Saunders 1864 
 
 STATE. 
 
 David Butler from 1867 to 1871 
 
 William H. James from 1871 to 1S73 
 
 R. W. Furnas .*. . from 1873 to 1875 
 
 Silas Garber from 1875 to 1877 
 
 Salary, $1,000. 
 
 Term, two years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Omaha City. 
 
 TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. 
 
 James S. Calhoun 1851 
 
 William Carr Lane 1853 
 
 Solon Borland 1853 
 
 David Merriwether 1853 
 
 John Greiner 1855 
 
 Abraham Rencher 1857 
 
 Henrv Connelly 1861 
 
 Robert B. Mitchell 1865 
 
 W. M. T. Arny (acting) 1867 
 
 William A. Pile 1869 
 
 Charles C. Crowe 1869 
 
 Willard Warner 1871 
 
 Marsh Giddings 1871 
 
 Samuel B. Axtell 1875 
 
 Salary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Santa Fe. 
 
 TERRITORY OF UTAH. 
 
 Brigham Young 1850 
 
 Edward J. Steptoe 1854 
 
 Alfred Cummings 1857 
 
 S. S. Harding 1861 
 
 James D. Dotv 1864 
 
 Charles Durkee 1865 
 
 I. Wilson Shaffer 1870 
 
 Vernou H. Vaughn 1870 
 
 George L, Woods ■ 1871 
 
 S. B. Axtell 1874 
 
 George W. Emory 1875 
 
 Salary, $3,500. ' 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Great Salt Lake City. 
 
 WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 
 
 Isaac I. Stevens 1853 
 
 J. Patton Anderson 1857 
 
 Favette McMullen 1857 
 
 Richard D. Gholson 1861 
 
 William H. Wallace 1861 
 
 William Pickering 1861 
 
 Marshall F. Moore 1867 
 
 Alvin Flanders 1869 
 
 Edward S. Salomon 1870 
 
 James F. Legate 1873 
 
 Elisha P. Ferrv 1873 
 
 Salary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Olympia. 
 
 TERRITORY OF COLORADO. 
 
 John Evans 1861 
 
 Alexander Cummings 1865 
 
 A. C. Hunt 1867 
 
 E. M. McCook 1869 
 
 John L. Rault 1875 
 
 J. M. Tyner 1875 
 
 Salary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Denver. 
 
 TERRITORY OF DAKOTA. 
 
 William Jayne 1861 
 
 Newton Edmunds 1863 
 
 Andrew J. Faulk 1866 
 
 John A. Burbank 1869 
 
 John L. Pennington 1874 
 
 Benjamin F. Potts 1874 
 
 SAlary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, four 3-ears. 
 
 Seat of Government, Yancton. 
 
 TERRITORY OF ARIZONA. 
 
 John A. Gurley (Declined) 1863 
 
 John N. Goodwin 1863 
 
 M. M. Crocker (Militarv) 1864 
 
 Richard C. McCormick" 1866 
 
 A. P. K. Safford 1869 
 
 A. P. K. Safford 1873 
 
 Salary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Prescott. 
 
 TERRITORY OF IDAHO. 
 
 William H. Wallace 1863 
 
 Caleb Lyon, of Lvonsdale 1864 
 
 David W. Ballard 1866 
 
 Samuel Bard 1870 
 
 Gilman Marston 1 870 
 
 Alexander Connor 1871 
 
 Thomas M. Bowen 1871 
 
 Thomas W, Bennett 1871 
 
 Salary, |3,.500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Boise City. 
 
580 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 TERRITORY OF MONTANA. 
 
 Sidney Edgerton 1864 
 
 ' Frances Meagher (acting) If 65 
 
 Green Clay Smith 1866 
 
 James M. Ashley 1 869 
 
 Benjamin F. Potts 1870 
 
 Salary, $3,500. 
 
 Term, four years. 
 
 Seat of Government, Virginia City. 
 
 ALASKA. 
 Not organized. 
 Seat of Government, Sitka. 
 
 WYOMING. 
 
 James A. Campbell 1869 
 
 John M. Thayer 1875 
 
 Seat of Government, Cheyenne. 
 
 INDIAN. 
 Not organized. 
 
 Cyrus Harris 1870 
 
 Seat of Government, Tahleguah. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Henry D. Cooke 1871 
 
 Alexander K. Shepard 1873 
 
 THE SEAT OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The Act of Congress, locating the seat of the Gen- 
 eral Government on the river Potomac, was approved 
 by President Washington, July 16, 1790 ; the Com- 
 missioners who decided that it should bear the name 
 of the Father of his Country, were Thomas Johnson, 
 David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll ; and when it be- 
 came their duty to arrange for erecting the public 
 buildings they were assisted, in 1795, by Gustavus 
 Scott, William Thornton, and Alexander White. The 
 public offices were removed from Philadelphia in 
 June, 1800 ; the first meeting of Congress took place 
 here on the third Monday of November of that year ; 
 and the Act assuming jurisdiction was approved by 
 President John Adams, February 37, 1801. The name 
 of the s])0t once occupied by the Manahoac and Mon- 
 acan Indians, and now by the Federal city, was Con- 
 ococheague, meaning Roaring Waters, from the num- 
 ber of brooks in the vicinity. The city was laid out 
 by a Frencliman, named L'Enfaiit, who was> the 
 JjuUder of the City Hall in New York, where Wash- 
 ington was inaugurated President, and by whose di- 
 rection he made the plan of the city of Washington. 
 ' The site of the National Capitol was once owned by 
 a man named Pope, who gave it the name of Rome, 
 and thus became the Pope of Rome ; and the chief 
 owners of the surrounding lands were D. Carroll, N. 
 Young, and D. Burns, who cultivated corn, tolMcco, 
 and wheat where the city now stands. The place was 
 incorporated as a city May 3, 1803, and was visited 
 and partly destroyed by British troops in 1814. The 
 Public Buildings, as they at present exist, are the 
 Capitol ; the Executive Mansion ; the Treasury 
 
 Building ; the War and Navy Departments ; the In- 
 terior Department, in which is located the Patent Of- 
 fice ; the General Post-Oflice, and the State Depart- 
 ment, as yet unfinished. In addition to the above, 
 the National Metropolis also contains a Navy Yard, a 
 National Observatory, a National Printing Office, an 
 Armory, an Arsenal, a Penitentiary, a Military Asy- 
 lum, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, 
 and Blind, a Hospital for the Insane, the Smithsonian 
 Institution, a City Hall, Columbian College, an Infirm- 
 ary, a National Cemetery, an Art Gallery, as well as 
 a plentiful supply of Churches, Hotels, Libraries, and 
 Charitable Establishments. The parks or open 
 grounds of the city are spacious, generally kept with 
 care, and to some extent interspersed with fountains 
 and statues ; and the place is amply supplied with 
 pure water, brought about twelve miles, by an ex- 
 tensive aqueduct, from the Great Falls of the Poto- 
 mac. The City of Georgetown, formerly a separate 
 corporation, is in reality a part of Washington City, 
 lies at the head of navigation, is the outlet for the 
 Ohio and Chesapeake Canal, and contains, among 
 other attractions, a Roman Catholic College, a Con- 
 vent, an extensive Cemetery, and many handsome 
 private residences. In 1871 the two cities were com- 
 bined under a Territorial Government, with a Gov- 
 ernor, but at the present time is governed by a Board 
 of Commissioners. 
 
 As Washington is the home of the General Gov- 
 ernment, in which the people throughout the coun- 
 try are interested, the subjoined table has been pre- 
 pared from official sources : 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES, BY THE SHORTEST MAIL ROUTES, FROM WASH- 
 INGTON TO THE RESPECTIVE CAPITALS AND LEADING CITIES OF THE 
 SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES. 
 
 States and 
 Territories. 
 
 Maine 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Massachusetts. . . 
 
 Rhode Island . . . 
 Connecticut. . . ., 
 
 New York 
 
 From Po8t-Office8 
 
 Portland . . . 
 Concord . . . . 
 Montpelier. , 
 
 Boston 
 
 Springfield. 
 Providence. 
 Hartford. . . 
 New Haven 
 
 Albany 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 New York.. 
 
 To Post-Offices at 
 
 i 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 _- 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 i, 
 
 s 
 
 
 B 
 
 2 
 
 ft 
 
 S 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 § 
 
 ^>- 
 
 is 
 
 S-d 
 
 .So 
 
 0,2 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 ^ o" 
 
 « 
 
 
 i 
 
 5S 
 1 
 
 
 go 
 5 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MII,ES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 108 
 
 344 
 
 481 
 
 534 
 
 573 
 
 1,0.53 
 
 1,316 
 
 1,139 
 
 3,480 
 
 70 
 
 377 
 
 366 
 
 467 
 
 505 
 
 983 
 
 1,346 
 
 1,0.59 
 
 3,410 
 
 304 
 
 304 
 
 393 
 
 494 
 
 533 
 
 900 
 
 1,164 
 
 977 
 
 3,338 
 
 
 336 
 
 333 
 
 436 
 
 464 
 
 944 
 
 1,308 
 
 1,031 
 
 3,373 
 
 100 
 
 139 
 
 338 
 
 339 
 
 367 
 
 844 
 
 1,108 
 
 931 
 
 3,373 
 
 45 
 
 191 
 
 380 
 
 381 
 
 419 
 
 935 
 
 1,341 
 
 1,030 
 
 3,371 
 
 136 
 
 113 
 
 303 
 
 303 
 
 341 
 
 857 
 
 1,134 
 
 947 
 
 3,398 
 
 160 
 
 76 
 
 165 
 
 366 
 
 304 
 
 830 
 
 1,136 
 
 977 
 
 3,338 
 
 303 
 
 145 
 
 334 
 
 335 
 
 373 
 
 741 
 
 1,005 
 
 818 
 
 3,169 
 
 501 
 
 433 
 
 436 
 
 404 
 
 441 
 
 443 
 
 707 
 
 538 
 
 3,889 
 
 336 
 
 
 89 
 
 190 
 
 338 
 
 744 
 
 1,050 
 
 901 
 
 3,353 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 581 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES, BY THE SHOETEST MAIL KOUTES, KW.— Continued. 
 
 
 From Post-Offices 
 
 To Post-Offioks at 
 
 States and 
 Terkitokles. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 fa 
 is 
 
 .5 3 
 go 
 
 3 
 
 '5 
 5 
 
 S 
 15 
 o 
 
 5 ^ 
 eg 
 
 
 
 MILES. 
 
 294 
 
 419 
 
 323 
 
 668 
 
 355 
 
 462 
 
 426 
 
 464 
 
 626 
 
 579 
 
 733 
 
 944 
 
 686 
 
 824 
 
 969 
 
 736 
 
 1,153 
 
 1,108 
 
 1,021 
 
 1,167 
 
 1,228 
 
 1,380 
 
 1,211 
 
 1,431 
 
 1,563 
 
 1,515 
 
 1,487 
 
 1,530 
 
 764 
 
 829 
 
 1,040 
 
 961 
 
 1,118 
 
 1,046 
 
 1,146 
 
 1,516 
 
 1,409 
 
 1,471 
 
 1,293 
 
 1,481 
 
 1,526 
 
 1,611 
 
 1,938 
 
 1,535 
 
 1,401 
 
 1,241 
 
 1,054 
 
 1,461 
 
 1,208 
 
 2,121 
 
 2,584 
 
 3,289 
 
 3,372 
 
 MILES. 
 
 58 
 
 183 
 
 89 
 
 432 
 
 119 
 
 226 
 
 190 
 
 228 
 
 390 
 
 343 
 
 497 
 
 744 
 
 573 
 
 624 
 
 812 
 
 678 
 
 1,033 
 
 988 
 
 901 
 
 1,010 
 
 1,108 
 
 1,260 
 
 1,091 
 
 1,311 
 
 1,443 
 
 1,395 
 
 1,334 
 
 1,377 
 
 528 
 
 593 
 
 804 
 
 725 
 
 883 
 
 810 
 
 910 
 
 1,280 
 
 1,173 
 
 1,235 
 
 1,057 
 
 1,245 
 
 1,290 
 
 1,373 
 
 1,702 
 
 1,299 
 
 1,163 
 
 1,003 
 
 854 
 
 1,308 
 
 1,050 
 
 1,963 
 
 2,464 
 
 3,169 
 
 3,252 
 
 MILES. 
 30 
 
 108 
 
 357 
 
 80 
 
 137 
 
 101 
 
 139 
 
 301 
 
 254 
 
 422 
 
 669 
 
 498 
 
 549 
 
 737 
 
 677 
 
 958 
 
 913 
 
 826 
 
 935 
 
 1,016 
 
 1,178 
 
 1,016 
 
 1,236 
 
 1,351 
 
 1,320 
 
 1,259 
 
 1,303 
 
 439 
 
 504 
 
 715 
 
 636 
 
 793 
 
 721 
 
 821 
 
 1,369 
 
 1,084 
 
 1,146 
 
 968 
 
 1,156 
 
 1,201 
 
 1,286 
 
 1,613 
 
 1,210 
 
 1,076 
 
 916 
 
 779 
 
 1,233 
 
 975 
 
 1,888 
 
 2,389 
 
 3,094 
 
 3,177 
 
 MILES. 
 132 
 
 86 
 101 
 335 
 71 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 200 
 
 153 
 
 392 
 
 602 
 
 483 
 
 525 
 
 713 
 
 648 
 
 929 
 
 891 
 
 804 
 
 911 
 
 994 
 
 1,156 
 
 994 
 
 1,314 
 
 1,329 
 
 1,298 
 
 1,235 
 
 1,375 
 
 338 
 
 403 
 
 614 
 
 535 
 
 693 
 
 630 
 
 730 
 
 1,401 
 
 983 
 
 1,045 
 
 867 
 
 1,055 
 
 1,100 
 
 1,185 
 
 1,513 
 
 1,109 
 
 975 
 
 815 
 
 713 
 
 1,209 
 
 944 
 
 1,857 
 
 2,367 
 
 3,073 
 
 3,155 
 
 MILES. 
 170 
 
 123 
 139 
 303 
 109 
 43 
 38 
 
 220 
 
 115 
 
 854 
 
 564 
 
 444 
 
 487 
 
 675 
 
 623 
 
 904 
 
 859 
 
 772 
 
 873 
 
 983 
 
 1,131 
 
 962 
 
 1,182 
 
 1,318 
 
 1,366 
 
 1,304 
 
 1,347 
 
 300 
 
 865 
 
 576 
 
 497 
 
 654 
 
 583 
 
 683 
 
 1,363 
 
 945 
 
 1,007 
 
 839 
 
 1,017 
 
 1,063 
 
 1,147 
 
 1,474 
 
 1,071 
 
 937 
 
 777 
 
 674 
 
 1,178 
 
 906 
 
 1,819 
 
 3,335 
 
 3,040 
 
 3,123 
 
 MILES. 
 700 
 
 561 
 669 
 812 
 673 
 606 
 602 
 564 
 784 
 600 
 363 
 
 344 
 120 
 115 
 267 
 428 
 383 
 296 
 813 
 434 
 586 
 486 
 706 
 759 
 784 
 640 
 683 
 759 
 850 
 893 
 841 
 585 
 756 
 880 
 1,438 
 1,040 
 778 
 601 
 681 
 736 
 864 
 1,150 
 633 
 488 
 296 
 110 
 614 
 342 
 1,255 
 1,853 
 3,558 
 3,641 
 
 MILES. 
 1,006 
 
 867 
 975 
 618 
 1,003 
 948 
 944 
 906 
 1,136 
 942 
 370 
 343 
 532 
 437 
 339 
 497 
 379 
 373 
 283 
 98 
 199 
 348 
 365 
 563 
 450 
 442 
 398 
 341 
 1,051 
 1,053 
 917 
 865 
 609 
 780 
 904 
 1,360 
 1,064 
 643 
 591 
 514 
 559 
 697 
 873 
 845 
 321 
 320 
 379 
 272 
 
 913 
 1,511 
 2,216 
 2,399 
 
 MILES. 
 
 857 
 718 
 836 
 469 
 856 
 814 
 804 
 773 
 992 
 887 
 457 
 296 
 359 
 314 
 193 
 285 
 132 
 87 
 
 186 
 
 207 
 
 359 
 
 190 
 
 410 
 
 542 
 
 494 
 
 510 
 
 533 
 
 1,055 
 
 1,187 
 
 1,085 
 
 1,033 
 
 777 
 
 948 
 
 1,081 
 
 1,577 
 
 1,233 
 
 838 
 
 732 
 
 731 
 
 776 
 
 914 
 
 1,143 
 
 615 
 
 538 
 
 488 
 
 303 
 
 484 
 
 385 
 
 1,113 
 
 1,363 
 
 3,368 
 
 2,351 
 
 MILB8. 
 
 8,208 
 
 Pennsylvania — 
 
 Harrisburg 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 3,069 
 3,177 
 2,830 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Dist. Columbia. .. 
 Virginia 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Annapolis 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Washington 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 3,307 
 3,165 
 3,155 
 3,133 
 3,343 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Wheeling 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 Detroit 
 
 3,338 
 3,808 
 2 641 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 2,710 
 2,665 
 2,544 
 2,636 
 
 Madison 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 2,355 
 2,438 
 2,351 
 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Burlington 
 
 Des Moines 
 
 Dubuque 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 2,298 
 2,132 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 2,030 
 2,309 
 2,343 
 1 798 
 
 
 
 1,857 
 
 
 Leavenworth 
 
 3 035 
 
 
 2,017 
 
 
 
 3,330 
 
 S. Carolina 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Charleston 
 
 3,353 
 3,316 
 3,164 
 
 
 
 3,908 
 
 
 
 3,079 
 
 
 
 3,303 
 
 Florida 
 
 Key West 
 
 Tallahassee 
 
 Mobile 
 
 3,659 
 3,363 
 2,941 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Texas 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 3,890 
 2,813 
 
 Vicksburg 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 2,858 
 2,996 
 3,172 
 
 
 Little Rock 
 
 2,644 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 2,620 
 
 
 Nashville 
 
 3,619 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Louisville 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 3,578 
 3,061 
 3,399 
 
 
 
 1,445 
 
 Utah 
 
 Salt Lake City 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 863 
 
 California 
 
 83 
 
 The National Capitol, which cost $12,000,000, fronts 
 the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above 
 the level of the Potomac, in latitude 38° 55' 48" 
 north, and longitude 77° 1' 48" west from Greenwich. 
 
 The southeast corner-stone of the original build- 
 ing was laid on the 18th of September, 1793, by Pres- 
 ident Washington, aided by the Freemasons of Mary- 
 land. It was constructed of sandstone, painted white, 
 from an island in Aquia Creek, Virginia, under the 
 direction of Stephen H. Hallett, James Hoban, George 
 Hadfield, and afterward of R. H. Latrobe, architects. 
 
 The north wing was finished in 1800, and the south 
 wing in 1811, a wooden passage-way connecting them. 
 On the 34th of August, 1814, the interior of both 
 wings was destroyed by British incendiaries, but tliey 
 were immediately rebuilt. In 1818 the central por- 
 tion of the building was commenced under the archi- 
 tectural superintendence of Charles Bulfinch, and the 
 original building was finally completed in 1837. Its 
 oo.st, including the grading of the grounds, alterations 
 and repairs, up to 1827, was $2,433,844.13. 
 
 The corner-stone of the extensions to the Capitol 
 
583 
 
 TABTLAR KKCORDS 
 
 was laid <n lite -bk af 3v3j, 1S31. b<r Pref^^st Flll- 
 iBore\ DkbmJ Wt*s»«r oficuiinr as oriior of the d«T, 
 TlKMBas C WaltiT vmf ai<ciut«<rt, u>d sahjaoqnesdr 
 Edwmrd Out aader whose direction iii« work v»> 
 eooipleved is XoTnai b e j . 1867. Tb^ m&i^-nal osrd 
 for l^ exmsaoii? :? wL.tf ictrKe from lie qouries 
 a: Lee. Maasar' maride ooioBUis 
 
 fnm thi qaar- ''airlsBd. 
 
 The done oi - i^mHiag w«s oMi- 
 
 5cra(X«d <^ iixK>d. "f';;; -"-t.^ rfia v-d in 1838 to be re^ 
 placed bv the preseat stspendoos STBCtare oi rasa 
 iraa. vUdi vas ooaplcaed ia 18Gw The esiitie 
 ««$ht of ina used is S,909,dn pounds. 
 
 T\e laaia boikfiKr is three haedred aad fifrr-two 
 fe« fear iaches )a«r ia frost. E-nS rof trr.'^rri tr ^ 
 laiatT- oae feci ax indies .: 
 haBdnd a>d axiy fets wide 
 OB the east, asd a pntjeclior 
 the TOSK, cmbiati^ a reees^; 
 ooloBiBa. The ezttvaaas ar 
 soath ea>^ -rf *e — i™ V- 
 
 flaakec 
 aadfor 
 
 diedai. . : --e; i-- uirijfs ae^ 
 
 tloK^ol laaiBS each oatl 
 
 fraats. 1- :isaf lea oolaBBScr 
 
 aadoo iiiTT..- -t^.rjii fnma&. The eaiai<e 20-^... . 
 the baiWiiigis se^va haadved aad fiftT^oae feet foar 
 infheis. aad the greetes* depth. iadacB^ porticos 
 aad SUJ6 is three haadred aad TweotT-foar feet. 
 The anea covered h^ the cataie hai)d1n«r is oae han- 
 dled aad filtr- three thoaTadoae haadred and twelve 
 sqsaiv feet. 
 
 The done is erowaed fay a hnaae 9tstae of FVee- 
 dom. nodded bnr TVaaas Oawfoid, which is wae- 
 teea feei sx lathes high, aad which wet^is foar- 
 teea thoasaad uae haadied aad eaghty-Sve poaads. 
 The hea«hi of the dome abo>T« the bas»£ae ei the 
 east fraia is tw« haadred aad tighiy-sev<eB feet 
 elrT-eii inches ; the heaghi fitna the top of the balu^ 
 tiade of the baUdi^ is two haadred aad s>er<steen 
 f«iet eJevai iaciit* . s-iid -.Le irrrA;^*: iiiiiLri^r t; the 
 base is one he: .r«, 
 
 Tlje roToadi. 21,1?- 
 
 ter, asd :i? 1 1 . -iji- 
 
 opT is . ■: - h 
 
 is ador: : Ir,- 
 
 depejjo-. 1 " - . - lier 
 
 M Torn: Tv^. _ _ « 
 
 AnniiT'O •5.'" 1 ^ of 
 
 The Seaate Cbamber is one hundred and twelve 
 feel in leasth, by eii:htT-iwo feet in width, and 
 thinT feet in hei^t. in the corridor of which are 
 painTin^ of the ~ Battle of Chapnltepec," bv James 
 W»',6er. and the •■ Battle of Lake Erie," by VTilliam 
 H. PowelL 
 
 The KepresentaTives" Hall is one hundred and 
 'thirty fe*-t jn Imcih. by ninety -three feet in width, 
 and thiny feet in heicht. and in one of the corridors 
 is a painiin^. " " Emiirrants Cnossiiig the Kocky Moan- 
 tuns." by Emanoel Leutx. 
 
 i Tl-i- ?.:7rr-.. r C, ur; rvr.; \ras oocapied by the Seo- 
 
 *"• ~ - ^x>un haviui: j.re^-iously 
 
 i <;• II- used as a law library. 
 
 ..? Vumed by the Brit- 
 
 ^-■i £.zi "ij - - red by an aco- 
 
 ■ / ire in 1S51. T i.tre hajl was fin- 
 - ■■- .' :«SS. joid tl- _ - . lti6T. 
 
 ■ -.<^i- f :.- - ;.. :-.t- decv^ratjcms. there 
 
 ■ ;- : - : ". a few stalnes and por- 
 - f : L _ Z-- ... -. ir --.t-d hy artists of superior 
 
 .-.tT.: ii,a reTn'ii; . ;'Z, 
 
 ^V^i;h rejrard to the Public Buildinsrs, the archi- 
 
 -ts w*-re'as f^^^/ows: Patent Office — Boben Mills, 
 
 -_? r^ ""_-,- ,,:id Edward Clark. Post Office 
 
 i — --. ■ r..?. Thomas I". Walter, and E^- 
 
 . ,_£ 7 ..r..-y DepanmeEi — Boben Mills, 
 
 ^ E To;;!.^. l^i.^.I. Sogers. A. B. Mullen, and Wm. 
 
 A. Porter. The new State. Navy and War Depan- 
 
 menis — A. B. Mcllett ard Wm. A- Potter, Smith- 
 
 sonian Instiinie — James Benwick. 
 
 The followinsr ;:st giresihe names of the men who 
 hax-e held the vmce of Mayor of Waslungton, to- 
 ■ s«'iher with tie i me each served : 
 I " Bf>ben Bt«h— 1!«12-1S12. 
 j I»anie] Bapim— 1*12-1^1-^ 
 I .1,-„T.: 1^ 5.k^ls^l3-lS17. 
 
 : - '-.T-ijiis. 
 
 wood— 1?19-1822. 
 . _ .-ry_lS23-lSJ4. 
 j > - „ w.K>d — 1524. June to October (died). 
 
 ! --. " _ _:n^aD — 1«S-S-1S2T i^reagned). 
 
 , .' - - - _- -Ir^lteT-lS*. 
 
 J. p. Tai. Nes= — lS30-lS3i 
 
 W. i Bnuiitv— ls84-iS.;6. 
 
 Peter Foroe^l^»-lt40. 
 
 W. W. SeatoD — 1S4*:'-1S50. 
 
 W Lenox — 1N>(>-1S52. 
 
 J. W. MauTT— 1S52-1S54. 
 
 J. T. Towers— 1S54-1S5€. 
 
 W. B. MasTuder— 1S56-1^8. 
 
 J. G. Ben^t— lS5«-lt«l. 
 
 B. Wallach— Itiei-ltlSS. 
 
 S. J B.iweii — ls»i'<-]t'70. 
 
 M. G. Emerr— ISTO-lSTl. 
 
 EIGHT OF STFFBAGE IX EACH STATE 
 
 AS IT EXISTED PRIOB TO THE BaTIF^aTIOX OF THE AMEN'DMEXTS TO THE OOXSTITII. 
 TIO>" GBAXTIXG TTSTTEHSAL SFFFBAGE. AXIi THUS GIVEX 
 FOB PUBPOSES OF BEFEEENCE 
 ^rEois rac state TOSSTiTTTioys ~ 
 
 MAIXE 
 Gives the balkC loeiveiy oale dtiaea of the fnited 
 States of the age af tweaty^Be years and upward. 
 excel Ting panpos, paacns aader g-oardiaiiship. aad 
 Indiana aoi taxed, ULviBs resided in the Stale three 
 ■M M Th'i — {Cmutitvtimi «f OcL 29, lili).) 
 
 SEW HAMPSHIRE 
 Gives the ballcK to " eveiy male iahsbitaat " of 
 twerty-ooe years, except paupers and perstm? ei- 
 oosed froon payii.g taxes ai their own request. Free- 
 
 hold property qna'.iEcations were formerly required 
 for offioe-hoiders. but tlif-se are abt.lished. Xew 
 Hwnp*fcire aever excluded co]^>red men from voting 
 ' '"' ""toe. — iC{ij,«ttntii'7. ojl79i.) 
 
 VEBMOXT. 
 Every man twenty-one years of ace. who has re- 
 sided one year in the Stale, and who will i«ke an 
 oath to vote " so as in his consrienre he shuli indse 
 will most conduce tx^ the best ffood " of the State, 
 may vole. — (CojocH uiiuri iflTHS.) 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 583 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. unless of full age, and a resident three months in the 
 
 Thfi ballot belonfcs to every male citizen, twenty. J''?*^ *'"1 ^''^ <•''?« i" ^^^ lown.-(Con»titution of 
 one vear.s of age (except paupers and persons under . '' intVi 
 
 guardianship), who shall have paid any tax asses.sed lUWA. 
 
 wiihin two_ years, or who shall be exempted from Every " white male citizen " of U. S., of full age. 
 
 taxation. But no per.««n has the right to vote, or is ' resident six months in the State, sixty days in the 
 eligible to office under the Constitution of this Com- j county, has the right of voting. 
 ■ ■ not able to read the Constitution 
 
 moiiwenltli, who 
 in the English language and write his name. But 
 this provision does not apply to any person prevented 
 by a physical disability from complying with its re- 
 quisitions, nor to any persons who shall be sixty 
 years of age or upward at the time this amendment 
 shall take effect. — {Amendment to Conitilution of 
 1780.) 
 
 RHODE ISLAND 
 
 Gives the right of suffrage : — 
 
 1. To every male citizen of full age, one year in 
 the State, six months in the town, owning real estate 
 worth one hundred and thirty-four dollars, or renting 
 seven dollars per annum. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 Admits to the suffrage " everv male citizen ' 
 
 of 
 
 full age, who .shall have been ten days a citizen, one 
 year in the State, four month? in the county, and 
 thirty days in the district. But no man of color shall 
 vote unless he has been three years a citizen of the 
 j State, and for one year the owner of a freehold worth 
 ] $2.50, over incumbrances, on which he shall have 
 1 paid a tax, and he is to be subject to no direct 
 tax unless he owns such freehold. Laws are 
 authorized and have been passed excluding from the 
 suffrage persons convicted of bribery, larceny, or in- 
 famous crime, als<i persons betting on the election. 
 
 2. To every natice male citizen of full age, two ^° P^-f^"" S^">^ <« loses, a residence by rea.«on of 
 vears in the State, six months in the town, who is V^^^^<^*' or absence in the service of the United 
 dulv registered, who has paid one dollar tax. or done • States— nor in navigation— nor as a student m a 
 
 militia service within the year. — {Constitution of 
 1842.) 
 
 CONNECTICUT 
 
 Oives the ballot to all persona, whether white or 
 black, who were freemen at the adoption of her CVin- 
 stitution (1818), and sub.=equently to " every white 
 male citizen of the L'nited States," of full age, re.-i- 
 dent six months in the town, and owning a freehold of 
 the yearly value of seven dollars, or who shall have 
 performed militia duty, paid a State tax, and sus- 
 tained a good moral character within the year. This 
 was amended in 184.'> by striking out the property 
 and tax-paying qualification, and fixing the residence 
 at one year in the State and six months in the town. 
 Only those negroes have voted in Connecticut who 
 were admitted freedinen prior to 1818. 
 
 seminary — nor in an asylum or prison. A registry 
 law also exists. 
 
 NEW JERSEY 
 
 Gives the ballot, by it? Con.stitution of 1844, to 
 " every white male citizen " of the United States, of 
 full age, residing one year in the State and five 
 months in the county, except that no pauper, idiot, 
 insane person, or person convicted of a crime which 
 excludes him from being a witness. shaU vote. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 Gives a vote to '• every white freeman," of full age, 
 who has resided one year in the State and ten days 
 in the election district, and has within two years paid 
 a tax. exce))t that a once qualified voter returning 
 into the State after an absence which dis<|ualifies him 
 j from voting, regains his vote by a six months' resi- 
 flence, and except that white free citizens under 
 INDIANA I twenty -two and over twenty-one vote without paying 
 
 Gives the right of suffrage to " every white male taxe?. 
 citizen of the United States," of full age and six OHIO 
 
 months' residence in the State, and every white male Limits the elective franchise to " every white male 
 of foreign birth and full age, who has resided one citizen" of the United States, of full age, resident 
 year in the United States, and six months preceding 1 one year in the State. — [Corntitution of \^l.) But 
 the election in the State, and who has declared his ; the courts of Ohio having held that every person of 
 intention to become a citizen. No person shall lose 1 one half white blood is a " white male citizen " within 
 his vote by absence in the service of the State or i the Constitution, and that the burden of proof is with 
 United States. " No negro or mulatto shall have the the challenging party — to show that the person is 
 
 right of suffrage." 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 Gives the vote to "every white male citizen" of 
 full age, residing one year in the State, and " every 
 white male inhabitant " who was a resident of the 
 State at the adoption of this Constitution. Like pro- 
 visions to those of Indiana exist here relative to per- 
 sons in the service of the United States. — (Constitu- 
 tion 0/1847.) 
 
 MISSOURI, 
 
 By her Free State Constitution of 1865, excludes 
 the blacks from voting. 
 
 MICHIGAN 
 
 Gives the ballot to every white male citizen, to 
 every white male inhabitant residing in the State 
 June 24th, 1885, and to every white male inhabitant 
 residing in the State January 1st, 18-i0, who has de- 
 clared his intention, etc.. or who has resided two 
 and a half years in the State, and declared his inten- 
 tion, and to every civilized male Indian inliabitant, 
 not a member of any tribe. But no person shall vote 
 
 more than half black, which is impracticable 
 practice, negroes in Ohio vote without restriction. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 Every male person of full age, resident one year in 
 the State and being either : 1. A white citizen of the 
 United States ; 2. A white alien who has declared 
 his intention ; 3. A person of Indian blood who has 
 been declared a citizen by act of Congress ; 4. Civi- 
 lized persons of Indian descent not members of any 
 tribe. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Every white male citizen of the United States (or 
 of Mexico, who shall have elected to become a citizen 
 of the United States under treaty of Queretaro) of full 
 age, resident six months in the State and thirty days 
 in the district. The Legislature has power to extend 
 the right to Indians and their descendants. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 Every male person of full age, resident one year in 
 the United States and four months in the State, and 
 being either : 1. A citizen of the United Stales ; 2. An 
 
58-1: 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 alien wlio has declared his intention ; 3. Civilized 
 persons of mixed white and Indian blood ; 4. Civil- 
 ized Indians certified by a district court to be fit for 
 citizenship. 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 Every white male citizen of full an;e, six months a 
 resident in the State, and every white male alien, of 
 full age, resident in the United States one year, who 
 has declared his intention, may vote ; but " no negro, 
 Chinaman, or mulatto." 
 
 KANSAS 
 Gives the ballot to every white male adult resident 
 six mouths in the State, and thirty days in the town, 
 who is either a citizen, or has declared his intention. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 Every white male citizen (except minors, lunatics, 
 and felon.s), resident one year in the State, and thirty 
 days in the county. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 The law on the right of suffrage is similar to that 
 of Oregon. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 White citizens, native and naturalized, who have 
 attained the age of twenty-one, and resided in the 
 State for the period provided by law. 
 
 DELAWARE, 
 
 By her Constitution as revised in 1831, Art. 4, Sec. 
 1, gives the elective franchise to every free white 
 male citizen of the age of twenty-two years who has 
 resided one year in the State and the last month 
 thereof in the county, and who has within two years 
 paid a county tax, assessed at least six months before 
 the election ; every free white male citizen over 
 twenty-one and under twenty-two may vote without 
 paying any tax. Idiots, insane persons, paupers, and 
 felons are excluded from voting, and the Legislature 
 may impose forfeiture of the right of suffrage as a 
 punishment for crime. 
 
 MARYLAND, 
 By her Constitution adopted in 1851, Art. 1, Sec, 1, 
 allows " every free white male person of twenty-one 
 year.s of age, or upward," who has resided one year in 
 the State, six months in the county, and is a citizen of 
 the United States, to vote in the election district in 
 which he resides ; but no adult convicted of an in- 
 famous crime, unless pardoned, and no lunatic or per- 
 son non compos mentis, shall vote.— (Unchanged bii 
 Constitution of 1807.) 
 
 VIRGINIA, 
 
 By her Constitution of 1851, admitted to vote" every 
 white male citizen of Virginia of twenty-one years, 
 who has resided two years in the State," and twelve 
 months in the county, except persons of un.sound 
 mind, paupers, non commissioned officers, soldiers, 
 seamen, or marines in the United States service, or 
 persons convicted of bribery, or some infamous 
 offense ; persons in the military and naval United 
 States service not to be deemed residents by virtue of 
 being stationed therein." 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 By the Constitution, as amended in 1835, all free- 
 nien twenty-one years of age, living twelve months 
 in tlie State, and owning a freehold of fifty acres for 
 six months, should vote, except that 
 
 " No free negro, free mulatto, or free person of 
 mixed blood, descended from negro ancestors to the 
 fourth generation inclusive (though one ancestor of ' 
 
 eacli generation may have been a white person), shall 
 vote for members of the Senate or House of Com- 
 mons." 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 By her Constitution of 1865, gives the right of 
 voting to every person who has the following quali- 
 fications : He shall be a free white man, who has 
 attained the age of twenty-one years, and is not a 
 pauper, nor a non-commissioned officer or private 
 soldier of the army, nor a seaman or a marine of the 
 navy of the United States. He shall for two years 
 preceding the election have been a citizen of the 
 State, or, for the same period, an emigrant from 
 Europe, who has declared his intention to become a 
 citizen of the United States. He shall have resided 
 in the State at least two years preceding the election 
 and for the last six months in the district. 
 
 GEORGIA, 
 
 By her new Constitution, adopted in 1805, declares 
 that the electors of the General Assembly shall be 
 free white male citizens of the State, and shall have 
 attained the age of twenty-one years, and shall have 
 paid all taxes which may have been required of them, 
 and which they have had an opportunity of paying 
 agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election; 
 shall be citizens of the United States ; and shall have 
 resided six months either in the district or county, 
 and two years within the State. 
 
 KENTUCKY, 
 
 By her Constitution adopted in 1850, makes " every 
 white male citizen, of the age of twenty-one years," 
 who has resided two years in the State, one year in 
 the county, and sixty d ays in the precinct, a voter. 
 
 TENNESSEE, 
 
 By her former Constitution, adopted in 1834, gave 
 the elective franchise to every free white man of the 
 age of twenty-one years, being a citizen of the United 
 States, and for six months a resident of the county ; 
 provided, that all persons of color who are competent 
 witnesses in a court of justice against a white man, 
 may also vote. 
 
 LOUISIANA, 
 
 By the Constitution of 1853, gave the ballot to every 
 free white male who has attained the age of twenty- 
 one years, and has resided twelvemonths in the Stato 
 and six months in the parish. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI 
 
 Malies every free white male person of twenty-one 
 years of age, who shall be a citizen of the United 
 States, who has resided one year in the State, and 
 four months in the county, a qualified elector. — (Old 
 Constitution.) 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Is the same as Mississippi, with the substitution of 
 three months' residence in the county. — (Old Constitu- 
 tion.) 
 
 FLORIDA 
 
 Limits the suffrage to " every free white male per- 
 son " of twenty-one years of age, a citizen of tho 
 United States, two years a resident of the State, and 
 six months of the county, duly enrolled in the militia, 
 and duly registered ; provided, that no soldier or sea- 
 man quartered therein shall be deemed a resident ; and 
 the Legislature may exclude from voting, for crime. 
 — (Oid Constitution.) 
 
 ARKANSAS 
 Makes every free white male citizen of the United 
 States, twenty-one years of age, who shall have re- 
 sided sis mouths in the State, a qualified voter in the 
 
TABULAE RECORDS. 
 
 district wliere he resides, except that no soldier, sea- 
 man, or marine in the United States service can vote 
 in the State. — (Old Constitution.) 
 
 TEXAS. 
 Gives the vote to "every free male person" who 
 
 shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, a 
 citizen of the United States, or of the Republic of 
 Texas, one year a resident of the State, and six 
 months of the county (Indians not taxed, Africans 
 and the descendants of Africans excepted.) — (Old Con- 
 stitution.) 
 
 QUALIFICATIONS FOE GOVERNORS. SENATORS, AND REPRESENTATIVES 
 IN EACH STATE. 
 
 [prom the state constitutions prior to the amendments which they have recently under- 
 gone AND are now undergoing.] 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Oovernor. — A native citizen of the United States, 
 five years a citizen of the State, and thirty years of 
 age. Senators. — Five years a citizen of the United 
 States, one year of the State, and twenty-five years of 
 age. Reprcsentatiees. — A citizen of the United States 
 five years, an inhabitant of the State one year, and 
 twenty-one years of age. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the United States seven 
 years, an estate of £500 (one-half a freehold), and 
 thirty years of age. Senators. — Residence in the 
 State seven years, a freehold estate of £200, and 
 thirty years of age. Representatives. — Two years an 
 inhabitant of the State, and an estate of £100 (one- 
 half a freehold). 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Oovernor. — A citizen of the State four years. Sew 
 ators. — A qnalified voter, and thirty years of age. 
 Representatives.— Parsons most noted for wisdom and 
 virtue, and who have resided in the State two years. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the State seven years, and 
 a freeliold of £1000. Senators. — Five years a citizen 
 of the State, a resident in the district where elected. 
 Representatives. — A citizen of the State one year. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Governors, Senators, and Representatives. — Tlieir 
 quiilifications are not specified in the State Constitu- 
 tion only to the extent that they must make oath to 
 support the State and Federal Constitutions. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Governor. — A voter, and thirty years of age. Sen- 
 atora. — A qualified voter. Representative. — A quali- 
 fied voter. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the United States, five 
 years a citizen of the State, a freeholder, and thirty 
 years of age. Senators. — A qualified voter, and a 
 freeholder. Representatives. — No qualifications. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Governor. — A resident of the State for seven years, 
 and of the United States twenty years. Senator. — 
 A citizen of the State four years, and thirty years of 
 age. Representatives. — A citizen of the State two 
 years, and twenty years of age, and estate of £500, 
 proclamation money. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the State seven years, and 
 thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State 
 four years, and of the district where chosen the last 
 
 year, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. 
 — A citizen of the State three years, and for the last 
 year a citizen of the city or county where chosen. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Governor.— A citizen of the United States twelve 
 years, of the State the last six years, and thirty years 
 of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State three years, 
 a freehold of two hundred acres, or £1,000, and twen- 
 ty-seven years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of 
 the State three years, and twenty-four years of age. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Governor. — A resident of the State above five years, 
 and thirty years of age. Senators. — A resident of the 
 State three years, and twenty-five years of age. Rep- 
 resentatives. — Resident in the county where chosen 
 one year, and twenty-one years of age. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, 
 citizen of the State five years, and thirty years of 
 age ; ineligible for three years after the first term. 
 Senators. — A resident and freeholder in the district 
 where chosen, and thirty years of age. Representa- 
 tives. — A resident and freeholder in the county where 
 chosen, and twenty-five years of age. — {Old Constitu- 
 tion.) 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Governor. — A resident in the State five years, free- 
 hold in tlie State of more than £1,000, and thirty 
 years of age. Senators.—A citizen of the county 
 where chosen one year, and three hundred acres 
 of land. Representatives. — A citizen of the county 
 where chosen one year, one hundred acres of land in 
 fee or for the term of his life. — (Old Constitution.) 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Governor.- — A citizen of the State ten years, an 
 estate of £1,500, sterling, clear of debt, and thirty 
 years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State five 
 years, a resident of the district where chosen, and an 
 estate of £300, sterling ; or, not being a resident, an 
 estate of £1,000, and thirty years of age. Represen- 
 tatives. — A citizen of the State three years, a resident, 
 and an estate of five hundred acres of land, ten ne- 
 groes, or £150 sterling in real estate ; or, not being a 
 resident, an estate of £500 sterling. — (Old ConstitiL- 
 tion.) 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the United States twelve 
 years, and of the State six years, an estate of five 
 hundred acres of land, and other property amounting 
 to $4,000 more than debts due, and thirty years of 
 age. Senators. — A citizen of the LTnited States nine 
 years, and of the State three years, a freehold of 
 $500, or taxable property of |1,600 more than debts 
 due, all legal taxes paid, and twenty-five years of 
 
58(1 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 agR. Mepresc ntntives. — A citizen of tlie United States 
 Beven years, and of tlie State three years, a freehold 
 of $ ioO, or taxable property of $r)00 more than debts 
 due, and all legal taxes paid. — {Old Constitution.) 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, 
 and a citizen of the State four years, thirty. years of 
 age, and ineligible for more than four successive 
 yeai's. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of 
 the State two years, and of the district where chosen 
 one year, and tweuty-seven years of age. Represeut- 
 atices. — A citizen of the United States, of the State 
 two years, and of the county where chosen one year, 
 and twenty-one years of age. — (Old Constitution.) 
 
 MISSISSIPPL 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the United States twenty 
 years, and of the State five years, a freehold estate of 
 $2,000, and thirty years of age ; ineligible for more 
 than four successive years. Senators. — A citizen of 
 the United States and of the State four years, the 
 last year residing in the district where chosen, and 
 thirty years of age. liepresfntatioes. — A citizen of 
 the United States and of the State two years, the last 
 year residing in the county where chosen, a freehold 
 estate of $500, and twenty-one years of age. — {Old 
 Constitution.) 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the United States and of 
 the State sis years, an estate of $.3, 000 and thirty-five 
 years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United 
 States, of the State four years, and in the district 
 where chosen one year, an estate of $1,000, and 
 twenty-seven years of age. Representatives. — A citi- 
 zen of the United States, of the State two years, and 
 of the county where chosen one year, an estate in land 
 of .$.500, and twenty-one years of age.— {Old Constitu- 
 tion.) 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Governor.—A. citizen of the United States and of 
 the State seven years, and thirty years of age. Sena- 
 tors. — \ citizen of tlie United States, three years' 
 residence in the State, and in the county where 
 chosen one year, and thirty years of age. Represent- 
 ntives. — A citizen of the United States, and of the 
 State three years, residence in the county where 
 chosen one year, and twenty-one years of age. — {Old 
 Constitution. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 Governor.— Pi. citizen of the United States and of 
 the State six years, thirty-five years of age, and inel- 
 igible for more than one term in seven years Sena- 
 tors. — A citizen of the United States, of the State six 
 years, and of the district where chosen the last year, 
 and thirty-five years of age. Representatives. — A cit- 
 izen of the United States, of the State two years, and 
 of the county where chosen the last year, and twen- 
 ty-four years of age. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Governor.—A. citizen of the United States twelve 
 years, an inhabitant of the State four years, and thir- 
 ty-five years of age. Senators.— A citizen of the 
 United States, and of the district where chosen two 
 years, having paid a State and county tax, and thirty 
 years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the 
 United States, an inhabitant of the State, and a resi- 
 dent in the county where chosen one year, havino- 
 paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of 
 age. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Governor.- A citizen of the United States ten 
 years, and of the State five years, and thirty years of 
 age. Senators.— A. citizen of the United States, of the 
 
 State two years, and of the district where cho.sen the 
 last year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty- 
 five years of age. Representatives. — -"V citizen of the 
 United States, and of the State and county where 
 cho.sen one year, having paid a State or county tax, 
 and twenty-one years of age. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 Governor.—A citizen of the United States thirty 
 years, and of the State two years, thirty years of age, 
 and ineligible for two successive terms. Senators. — 
 A citizen of the L^nited States, and of the district 
 where chosen the last year, having paid a State or 
 county tax, and twenty-five years of age. Represent- 
 atives. — A citizen of the United States, and an inhab- 
 itant of the State and county where chosen, having 
 paid a State or county tax, and twenty-one years of 
 age. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, a 
 resident of the State four years, and thirty-five years 
 of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of 
 the State four years, and of the district where chosen 
 one year, having paid a State or county tax, and 
 thirty years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of 
 the United States, of the State two years, and of 
 the county where chosen one year, having paid a 
 State or county tax, and twenty-four years of age. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 Governor. — A citizen of the United States five 
 years, and a resident of the State the last two years. 
 Senators. — A citizen of the United States, and a 
 qualified voter in the county where chosen. Repre- 
 sentatives. — Same as the Senators. 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, 
 or a resident of the State ten years previous to the 
 adoption of the Constitution, and four years preced- 
 ing the election. Senators.— A citizen of the United 
 States, a resident of the State one year, and thirty 
 years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the 
 United States, a resident of the county where chosen, 
 and twenty-five years of age. — {Old Constitution.) 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, have been 
 a citizen of the United States for ten years, or an in- 
 habitant of Florida at the time of the adoption of the 
 Constitution, and a resident of the State five years 
 preceding the day of election. Senators. — A citizen 
 of the United States, a resident of the State for two 
 years, one year a resident of the district in which he 
 resides, and must be twenty-five years of age. Rep- 
 resentatives. — Must have attained the age of twenty- 
 one years, and in other particulars qualified as are 
 the Senators. — {Old Constitution.) 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen 
 of the United States, and Iiave been a resident of 
 the State for three years preceding his election. 
 Senators. — Must have attained the age of thirty 
 years, be a citizen of the United States, a resident in 
 the State for three years preceding his election, and 
 one year in the district where he resides. Rtprcient- 
 atives. — Must be a citizen of the United States, have 
 resided in the State two years, in his district one year, 
 and have attained the age of twenty-one years. {Old 
 Constitution.) 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen 
 of the United States, and a resident of the State for 
 two years. Senators. — Must be twenty-five years of 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 587 
 
 age, a citizen of tlie United States, a resident of the 
 State for one year, and of the district where he re- 
 sides at least sixty days. Ri'presentatioes. — Must be 
 twenty-nne years of age, and iu other respects possess 
 the qualifications of Senators. 
 
 WISCONSIN'. 
 
 Gooernor. — No per.son except a citizen of the 
 United States, and a qualified elector of the State, 
 shall be eligible to this office. Sen.ntnrs and Eepre- 
 sentalicfs. — No person shall be eligible to the Legis- 
 lature who shall not have resided in the State one 
 year, and be a qualified elector iu the district where 
 he resides. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Oomrnor. — Must be twenty-five years of age, a 
 citizen of the United States, and a resident of the 
 State for two years. Senntars imd Reprf^cnt'itices. — 
 Must be qualified electors, residents of the State one 
 year, aud of their districts six months. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 Oooernor. — Must he a citizen of the United States, 
 twenty-five years of age, and a resident of the State 
 for one year. Senators and Repfesentntires. — Shall 
 be qualified voters of the State, and sliall have re- 
 sided one year in the State and six months in the 
 district from which they are elected, 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 Oovernor. — Must be a citizen of the United States, 
 thirty years of age, and three years a resident of the 
 
 State. Senators and Representatues.—'UviSi be 
 tweuty-one years of age, citizens of the United States, 
 and residents of their several districts for one year 
 preceding their election. 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Oovernor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen 
 of the United States, and have resided two years in 
 the State. Senators. — Must be twenty-five years of 
 age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of 
 the State for one year. Represtntatice.s. — Must be 
 twenty-one years of- age, and possess the other quali- 
 fications of Senators. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 Oovernor. — His qualificatious are not specified in 
 the Constitution of the State. Senators and Represent- 
 atue-i. — Must have been residents of the district or 
 county where chosen for one year next preceding the 
 election. 
 
 NEVADA. 
 
 Oovernor. — Must be twenty-five years of age, and 
 a citizen of the State two years. Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives. — Their qualifications are not specified in 
 the Constitution of the State, excepting so far as 
 being qualified electors. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 Oovernor, Senators and Representatives. — Their 
 qualifications are not specified in the State Constitu- 
 tion, excepting so far as being citizens aud qualified 
 electors. 
 
 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 Prior to 1789. 
 [prom the official becords op the department of state.] 
 {Fhr further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals.) 
 
 SILAS DEANE. of Connecticut : 
 
 Sent to France, March, 1776, by the Committee 
 of Secret Correspondence of Congress, and au- 
 thorized to act as a political and commercial 
 agent of the United States. 
 .BEN.JA'MIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania; SILAS 
 DEANE, of Connecticut ; and THOMAS JEFFER- 
 SON, of Virginia : 
 
 Elected Commissioners, September 30, 1776, to 
 take charge of American affairs i_u Europe, and 
 to procure a treaty of alliance with France. 
 Mr. Jefferson declined, and 
 ARTHUR LEE. of Virginia, 
 
 Was, October 22, 1776, elected in his place. Mr. 
 Lee was then in London and Mr. Deane in 
 Paris. Dr. Franklin sailed from Philadelphia, 
 October 2l), 1776, and reached Paris about De- 
 cember 20, 1776. 
 BENJ.\MIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Elected January 1, 1774, by Congress, Commis- 
 sioner to Spain, and commissioned as such on 
 the following dav. 
 ARTHUR LEE. of Virginia : 
 
 Elected May 1, 1777, by Congress, Commissioner 
 to Spain, and commissioned as such June .5, 
 1777 ; but he did not go tliere in that capacity. 
 Mr. J.^t's appointment as Minister superseded 
 him. 
 RALPH IZARD, of South Carolina : 
 
 Elected by Congress, May 7, 1777, Commissioner 
 to Tuscany, and commissioned as such July 1, 
 1777. He did not visit Tuscany, and was re- 
 called June 8, 1779. 
 
 WILLIAM LEE, of Virginia: 
 
 Elected, May 9, 1777, Commissioner to communi- 
 cate and treat witl\ the Emperor of Germany,') 
 
 and also with the King of Prussia, and he was 
 commissioned as such July 1, 1777. He was 
 unable to visit either court, and was recalled 
 by resolution of Congress, June 9, 1779. 
 JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Elected a Commissioner, November 28. 1777, in 
 the place of Silas Deane, who was recalled No- 
 vember 31, 1777. 
 September 14, 1778, the commission was dis- 
 solved, and 
 BENJAMIN FHANKLIN, of Pennsylvania, 
 
 Elected Minister Plenipotentiary to France. He 
 was commissioned October 26, 1778. 
 JOHN JAY,-of New York : 
 
 Elected Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, Sep- 
 tember 27, 1779, to negotiate a treaty of alli- 
 ance and of amity and commerce. He arrived 
 in Madrid in the spring of 1780. / / 
 
 JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts : /) ;>^ti"- f '"■ T"*"' 
 
 Elected, September 27, 1779, Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary for negotiating a treaty of peace 
 and a treaty of commerce with Great Brit- 
 ain. 
 WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, of Maryland: 
 
 Elected, September 28, 1779, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion to Si)ain. When Mr. Jay left Spain (in 
 June, 1783) Mr. Caumichael was left as Charge 
 d'Affaires ad interim. He was formally ri-cog- 
 nized as Charge, February, 1873, and remained 
 at Madrid under that appointment until re- 
 
5SS 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 appointed as such September 29, 1789. He 
 was recommissioned the following April. 
 FRANCIS DANA, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Elected, September 38, 1779, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion, to accompany Mr. John Adams, appointed 
 as above. 
 HENRY LAURENS, of South Carolina: 
 
 Elected, October 31, 1779, to negotiate a loan in 
 Holland ; elected November 1, 1779, and same 
 day empowered to negotiate a treaty with Hol- 
 land. 
 JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Empowered, June 20, 1780, to negotiate a treaty 
 with Holland, in the place of Laurens, who 
 had been made prisoner by the enemy. 
 FRANCIS DANA, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Was elected, December 19, 1780, Minister-Resident 
 in Russia. He was never received as such. 
 JOHN LAURENS, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned, December 23, 1780, Special Minis- 
 ter to France to solicit new aid. 
 JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts ; JOHN JAY, of 
 New York ; HENRY LAURENS, of South Caro- 
 lina : BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania ; 
 — THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia : 
 
 Empowered, June 15, 1781, to negotiate a treaty 
 of peace with Great Britain. 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned, September 28, 1783, to negotiate a 
 treaty with Sweden. 
 JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts ; BENJAMIN 
 FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania ; and THOMAS JEF- 
 FERSON, of Virginia : 
 Empowered, May 13, 1784, to conclude treaties of 
 commerce with Russia, Germany, Prussia, Den- 
 mark, Saxony, Hamburg, England, Spain, Por- 
 tugal, Naples, Sardinia, the Pope, Venice. Ge- 
 noa, Tuscany, the Porte, Morocco, Algiers, Tri- 
 poli, Tunis. On the 3d day of June, 1784, the 
 same Plenipotentiaries were empowered to con- 
 clude a supplementary treaty with Sweden. 
 DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut : 
 
 Elected, May 12, 1784, the Secretary to the Com- 
 mission for Negotiating the Treaties of Com- 
 merce. 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned, March 10, 1785, Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary to France. He remained in France 
 until the close of September, 1789. On the 12th 
 of October, 1787, he was re-elected for a term 
 of three years, subject to the revocation of 
 Congress. 
 JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Appointed, March 14, 1785, Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary to Great Britain. Mr. Adams took leave 
 of the king, Februarv 20, 1788. 
 JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of" Massachusetts : 
 
 Appointed, March 14, 1785, Secretary of Legation 
 to Great Britain. 
 THOMAS ROWLEY: 
 
 October 5, 1785, Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson, 
 under powers from Congress, empowered him 
 to conclude a Treaty with Morocco, and 
 JOHN LAMB 
 
 At the same time empowered to conclude one with 
 
 (Since 1789. 
 
 ALGIERS. 
 
 DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioner Plenipotentiary ; commissioned, 
 March 21, 179H. Admiral John Paul Jones 
 appointed Commissioner, June 1, 1792, to treat 
 on peace and ransom of captives, with Thomas 
 B.YRCLAY as substitute ; died before receiving 
 appointment. Barclay died soon after, with- 
 out going to Morocco. Humphreys, then Min- 
 ister-Resident at Lisbon, appointed ia their 
 
 stead. March, 1795, James Donaldson, Consul 
 to Tunis and Tripoli, and Pierre Ekic Skjol- 
 Debrand, Consul at Algiers, who were in- 
 structed to act under his directions in negotia- 
 ting a treaty. Joel B.^rlow added to the 
 negotiators by Monroe and Humphreys. 
 Treaty actually concluded by Donaldson ; 
 approved bv Humphreys. 
 WILLIAM SHALER (Consul-General at Algiers); 
 Commodores WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE and DE- 
 CATUR: 
 
 Appointed Commissioners to conclude peace, 
 April 9, 1815. Treaty concluded by Decatuu 
 and Shaler, and signed by the latter. 
 WILLIAM SHALER (Consul-General at Algiers) and 
 Commodore ISAAC CHAUNCEY : 
 
 Appointed Commissioners, August 4, 1816, to set- 
 tle subsisting differences, and an annulment of 
 18th Article of Treaty of 1815. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND ARGENTINE 
 CONFEDERATION. 
 CAESAR A. RODNEY, of Delaware; JOHN GRA- 
 HAM, of Virginia ; and THEODORICK BLAND, 
 of Virginia. 
 
 The two former instructed as Commissioners, 
 July 18, 1817, to visit Buenos Ayres and Mon- 
 tevideo for obtaining accurate information re- 
 specting the conflict between Spain and her 
 Colonies. Bland added to the Commission, No- 
 vember 21, 1817. 
 C^SAR A. RODNEY, of Delaware : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 27, 1833. Accredited to Buenos Ayres. Died 
 at his post, June 10. 1834. 
 JOHN M. FORBES, of Florida : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 9, 1835, 
 Was commissioned as Secretary of Legation at 
 Buenos Ayres, January 37, 1833. Acted as 
 Charge d'Affaires from June 10, 1834. Died 
 at his post, June 14, 1831. 
 FRANCIS BAYLIES, of Massachusetis : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 3, 
 1833. Received his passports, September 3, 
 1833. 
 HARVEY M. WATTERSON, of Tennessee: 
 
 Special Agent, September 36, 1843, to obtain in- 
 formation in regard to its foreign relations, 
 concerning commerce, and as to the war with 
 Uruguay. His successor was presented, No- 
 vember 15, 1844. 
 WILLIAM BRENT, Jr., of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 14, 1844. 
 Took leave. Julv 6, 1846. 
 WILLIAM A. HARRIS, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 19, 
 1846. His successor was presented, Septem- 
 ber 12, 1851. 
 JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 27, 
 1851. Took leave, March 11, 18.54. Robert 
 Schenck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Brazil; was associated with 
 Pendleton to conclude treaties of general 
 commerce with the Argentine Republic, Para- 
 guay, and Uruguay. 
 JOSEPH GRAHAM, of Ohio: 
 
 Consul at Buenos Ayres. Acted as Charge 
 d'Affaires ad interim from March 11 to Decem- 
 ber 1, 18.54. 
 JAMES A. PEDEN, of Florida: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, 1854. 
 Commissioned as Charge d'Affaires, Mav 22, 
 1854. Took leave, December 1, 1858. Mira- 
 BEAU B. Lamar, of Texas, Minister-Resident ; 
 commissioned, July 23, 1857 ; did not go to his 
 post ; was transferred to Costa Rica and Nicar 
 agua. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 589 
 
 RICHARD FITZPATRICK, of Texas : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 25, 
 1856. Resigned, March 27, 18.57. 
 BENJAMIN C. YANCEY, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 14, 1858. 
 Took leave, September 23, 18.59. 
 GEORGE LEE BRENT, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 30, 
 
 18.59. Was designated to act as Charge d'Af- 
 
 faires ad interim, September 23, 1859, but it 
 
 does not appear that he performed such duties. 
 
 JOHN F. CUSHMAN, of Mississippi : 
 
 Commissioned Minister- Resident, Julv 18, 18.59. 
 Tooli leave, February 17, 1861. \Villi.\m H. 
 Hudson, of Connecticut, Consul at Buenos 
 Ayres, acted as Charge d'Affaires ml interim 
 from February 17 to August 10, 1861. This 
 ^pointment was disapproved by the Depart- 
 ment. 
 ROBERT M. PALMER, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Resident, March 38,1861. 
 Left Buenos Ayres, April 13, 1862. 
 ROBEUT C. KIRK, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 4, 
 1862. Left Buenos Ayres, July 26, 1866. 
 ALEXANDER ASBOTH, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Minister- Resident, March 12,1866. 
 Also accredited to Uruguay. Died at Buenos 
 Ayres, January 21, 1868. 
 H. G. WORTHINGTON, of Nevada : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 5, 1868. 
 Also accredited to Uruguay. Took leave of 
 Argentine Government, July 8, 1869. 
 ROBERT C. KIRK, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 16, 1869. 
 Also accredited to Uruguay. Took leave of 
 Argentine Government, November 4, 1871. 
 DEXTER E. CLAPP, of New York : 
 
 Consul at Buenos Ayres. Took charge, Novem- 
 ber 4, 1871. Relieved, May 6, 1873. 
 JULIUS WHITE, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 33, 1873 ; 
 declined, August 22, 1873 ; recommissioned, De- 
 cember 13, 1872. Left on leave, November 
 14, 1873. Resigned, January 31, 1874. 
 THOMAS 0. OSBORN, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 10, 
 1874. Still in office. 
 
 AUSTRIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 
 
 NATHANIEL NILES, of Vermont : 
 
 Special Agent, appointed June 7, 1837, with let- 
 ter of credence to Minister of Foreign Affairs, 
 to procure a modification of the duties and re- 
 strictions on the importation of American to- 
 bacco. His functions ceased on the arrival of 
 Mr. MnnLENEEKG. 
 
 HENRY A. MUHLENBERG, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, February 8, 1838. Took 
 leave, September 18, 1840. 
 
 J. RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February 8, 
 1838. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim 
 from September 18, 1849, to March 17, 1842. 
 Was appointed Secretary of Legation at St. 
 Petersburg, March 15, 1845. 
 
 DANIEL JENIFER, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 27, 1841. Took leave, 
 July 7, 1845. 
 
 WILLIAM H. STILES, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 19, 1845. 
 Left Vienna, August 1, and forwarded his let- 
 ter of recall from Paris, which was delivered 
 by the United States Consul at Vienna, Octo- 
 ber 3, 1849. 
 
 JAMES WATSON WEBB, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires November 1, 
 
 1849. Not confirmed by Senate. Left Vienna 
 about May 5, 1850. 
 CHARLES J. McCURDY, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 37, 
 18.50. Left, November 12, 18.53. 
 THOMAS M. FOOTE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 16, 
 1853. Left, May 31, 1853. 
 HENRY R. JACKSON, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853. 
 Commissioned as Minister-Resident, June 29, 
 1854 ; presented credentials, as such, Septem- 
 ber 28, 1854. Took leave, July 1, 1858. 
 GEORGE W. LIPPITT, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March, 25, 
 18.56. Left in charge, July 1, 1858 ; relieved, 
 February 2, 18.59. Resigned, as Secretary of 
 Legation, April 26, 1867, but was left in charge 
 June 15, 1837 ; relieved, August 30, 1867. Was 
 again commissioned as Secretary of Legation, 
 April 31, 1869. Declined, May 39, 1869. 
 J. GLANCY JONES, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, December 15, 1858. Was com- 
 missioned Minister-Resident, November 1, 1858. 
 Took leave, November 14, 1861. 
 ANSON BURLINGAME, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 22, 1861. Did not 
 serve, owing to an unwillingness on the part of 
 the government to receive him. 
 J. LOTHROP MOTLEY, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 10, 1861. Took leave, 
 June 14, 1867. 
 JOHN HAY, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 30, 
 
 1867. Relieved Mr. Lippitt, as Charge d'Af- 
 faires ad interim, August 30, 1867. Resigned, 
 as Secretary, August 12, 1868, and was relieved 
 as Charge, September 30. Horace Gi!eei-et, 
 of New Y'ork, was commissioned Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Novem- 
 ber 29, 1867, but declined the appoint- 
 ment. 
 
 HENRY M. WATTS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, July 25, 1868. Took leave, 
 June 1. 1.S69. 
 HENRY S. WATTS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 8, 
 
 1868. Functions ceased last of March, 1869, 
 the Senate not having confirmed his appoint- 
 ment. 
 
 JOHN JAY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 13, 1869. Resigned. 
 JOHN F. DELAPLAINE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 1, 
 
 1869. Has acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from March 5 to March 20, 1870 ; from April 
 26 to June 1, 1870 ; from June 1 to June 22, 
 and from July 26 to August 31, 1871 ; from 
 September 7 to November 1, 1873, and from Sep- 
 tember 4 to September 21, 1873. Still in office. 
 
 QODLOVE S. ORTH, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 9, 1875. Still in office. 
 
 BADEN. 
 
 PETER D. VROOM, of New Jersey (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia). 
 Empowered, February 15, 1853, to treat relative 
 to extradition. 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia). 
 Empowered, May 25, 1868, to treat relative to 
 naturalization. 
 
590 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 BAVARIA. 
 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia). 
 Empowered, November 18, 1843, to negotiate for 
 the abolition of droit d'aubaine and taxes on 
 immigration. 
 JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to (Jreat 
 Britain). 
 Empowered, July 6, 1853, to negotiate relative to 
 extradition. 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia). 
 Empowered, May 2.5, 1808, to negotiate relative 
 to naturalization and extradition. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 HUGH S. LEGARfi, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 14, 1832. 
 Left, June 9, 1836. William H. H.^twood, of 
 North Carolina, commissioned Charge d'Af- 
 faires, March 7, 1837, but declined the appoint- 
 ment. 
 VIRGIL MAXCY, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 16, 1887. 
 Left, September 17, 1842, 
 HENRY W. HILLIARD, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 12, 1842. 
 Left, August 1.5, 1844. 
 THOMAS G. CLEMSON, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 17, 1844. 
 Lett, March 1, 1851. 
 RICHARD H. BAYARD, of Delaware : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, December 10, 
 18.50. Left, September 12, 1853. 
 J. J. SEIBELS, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853. 
 Commissioned Minister- Resident, June 29, 1854. 
 Presented credentials, as such, August 6, 1854. 
 Left Belgium on leave, September 24, 1856. 
 Resigned, June 11, 1857. James S. Clark was 
 in charge of Legation from June 11, 1857, to 
 September 27, 1858. 
 ELISHA Y. FAIR, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Minister- Resident, June 14, 1858. 
 Took leave. May 8, 1861. 
 HENRY S. SANFORD, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 20, 1861. 
 Took leave, July 21, 1869. 
 AARON GOODRICH, of Minnesota : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 26, 
 18C1. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ml interim 
 from May 12 to August 23, 1862 ; from Febru- 
 ary 9 to June 25, 1864, and from October 26, 
 1867, to March 11, 1868. Recalled, March 10, 
 1869. 
 J. RUSSELL JONES, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 1, 1869. A. 
 P. Merrill, Minister-Resideut, December, 1875. 
 
 BOLIVIA. 
 
 JOHN APPLETON, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Charg' d'Affaires, March 30, 1848. 
 Left Bolivia for the Laiited States, May 4, 
 1849, having oreviouslv requested his recall. 
 ALEXANDER K. JIcCLUNG, of Mississippi : 
 
 Commissioned Charg'; d'Affairei, May 29, 1849. 
 Received passports, at his own request, April 
 27, 18.31. 
 HORACE H. MILLER, of Mississippi : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 10, 
 1852. Left in January, 1854. Ch.a.rles L. 
 Woodbury, of Massachusetts, commissioned 
 Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853, but did not 
 serve. 
 JOHN W. DANA, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 26, 1853. 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, 
 
 1854. Presented credentials as such, Septem- 
 ber 24, 1854. Took leave. March 10, 18.59. 
 JOHN COTTON SMITH, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 14, 1858. 
 Received letter of recall, February 22, 1861. 
 Left early in Mav, 1861. 
 DAVID K. CARTTER,"of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 27, 1861. 
 Returned on leave, September 18, 1863. Re- 
 signed, March 10. 1863. 
 ALLEN A. HALL, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1863. 
 Died at La Paz, May 18, 1867. John Netu- 
 ERLAnd was commissioned Minister-Resident, 
 July 20, 1807. but declined the appointment. 
 JOHN W. CALDWELL, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Kesident, June 18, 1808. 
 Took leave, July 25, 1869. 
 LEOPOLD MARKBREIT, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 10, 1869. 
 Took leave, Feljrnarv 12, 1873. 
 JOHN T. CROXTON, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Mini.ster-Resident, December 20, 
 1872. Still in office. 
 
 BORNEO. 
 
 JOSEPH BALESTIER, of Massachusetts (Consul at 
 Singapore) : 
 
 Empowered, August 16, 1849, to negotiate rela- 
 tive to friendship, commerce, and navigation. 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 CONDY RAGUET, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 9, 1825. 
 Left, April 7, 1827, having previously demanded 
 his passi)orts. 
 WILLIAM TUDOR, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 26, 1827. 
 Died at Bio de Janeiro, March 9, 1830. Wil- 
 LIAM D. C. Wright, Consul at Rio, authorized 
 to act as Ciiarge d'Affaires ad interim. 
 ETHAN A. BROWN, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 36, 1830. 
 Left, April 11, 1834. 
 WILLIAM HUNTER, of Rhode Island: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 28, 1834. 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenii>otentiary, September 13, 1841. Pre- 
 sented credentials as such, January 1, 1843. 
 Took leave, December 9. 1843. 
 ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 13. 1841. Left Rio, September 1, 1847. 
 GEORGE H. PROFFIT, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 7, 1843. Took leave, 
 August 10, 1844, his appointment not having 
 been confirmed by the Senate. 
 HENRY A. WISE, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, February 8, 1844. Mission 
 ended with the presentation of his successor's 
 credentials, August 28, 1847. 
 DAVID TOD, of Ohio : ' 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 3, 1847. Took leave, 
 August 9, 1851". 
 THOMAS I. MORG.AN, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 9, 
 1847, Died at Rio de Janeiro, March 30, 1850. 
 ROBERT C. SCIIENCK, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissinned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 13, 1851. Took leave, 
 October 8, 18.53. Was associated with John 
 S. Pendleton, Charge d'Affaires to the Argen- 
 tine Republic, to conclude treaties oF general 
 commerce with the Argentine Republic, Para- 
 guay, and Urugury. Edward Kent, Consul 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 591 
 
 at Rio, acted as Charge d'Aflfaires ad interim 
 from June 21 to September 13, 1853. 
 FRANKLIN H. CLACK, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 13, 
 18-51. Left Rio de Janeiro, September 10, 1851. 
 FERDINAND COXE, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 24, 
 1851. Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim 
 from Mav 13 to August 12, 1853. Left Rio, 
 August 31, 1853. 
 WILLIAM TROUSDALE, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 34, 1853. Took leave, 
 December 5, 1857. VVii,i^i.\M E. Ven.\ble, of 
 Tennessee, was commissioned Secretary of Le- 
 gation. March 27, 1854, but declined June 2. 
 WILLIAM GRAYSON MANN, of the District of 
 Columbia : 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 3, 
 1854. Resigned, March 5, 1857, and left on the 
 19th of the same month. 
 ■ RICHAKD K. MEADE, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, July 27, 1857. Left on leave, 
 Julv 9, 1861. A. L. Bl,\chf.\kd was in charge 
 untU October 8, 1861. W. W. B.\NKS, of Vir- 
 ginia, was commissioned Secretary of Legation, 
 October 27, 1857, but did not accept. 
 ROMAINE DILLON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February 
 16, 1858. Left, Februarv 25, 1861. 
 JAMES WATSON WEBB, of New York : 
 
 Cnnimissinned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 31, 1861. Left. May 26, 
 
 1869. W. V. v. LiDQERWOOD acted as Charge 
 d'Affaires ad interim, without appointment 
 from the Department, from October 10, 1865, to 
 August 1, 1860, and from November 23, 1868, to 
 March 30, 1869. 
 
 THOMAS BIDDLE, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary ot Legation, October 11, 
 1861. Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim 
 from January 6 to January 17, 1863. Resigned, 
 April 1, 186.3. 
 WILLIAM M. BRIGGS, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 11, 
 1863. Resigned, April 5, 1864. J. A. Gkoss 
 was commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 
 IS, 1867, but did not accept. 
 HENRY T. BLOW, of Missouri: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 1, 1869. Left on leave, 
 November 6, 1870 ; resigned, February 11, 
 1871. Robert Clinton Wright acted as 
 Charge d'AfEaires ad interim from November 5, 
 
 1870. to Julv 24, 1871. 
 
 JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland : 
 
 Cotnmissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, Mav 33, 1871. Still in office. 
 
 RI(.;iIARD CUTTS SHANNON, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 26, 
 
 1871. Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim 
 from July 18 to December 4, 1873, and from 
 October 13, 1873. Resigned. 
 
 WILLIAM A. PURRINGTON : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 10, 
 1875. 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICA, FEDERATION OF. 
 
 JOHN WILLIAMS, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'AfEaires, December 29, 
 183.5. WiLLiA.M MiLLEii was commissioned as 
 Cliarge d'AfEaires. March 7, 1825. Died, Sep- 
 tember 10 at Key West on his way to his post. 
 JoriN WiLLl.-iMS took leave, December 1, 1830. 
 WiLLi.un Phillips, Acting Consul at Guate- 
 mala, remained in charge of legation till Apn\ 
 9, 1837. 
 
 WILLIAM B. ROCHESTER, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Aflfaires, March 3,1837. 
 Arrived in Central America, May 17, 1838. Re- 
 turned without proceeding to the seat of gov- 
 ernment, arriving in the United States, June 11, 
 183S. WiLLl.\M N. Jeffers was commissioned 
 as Charge d'Affaires, June 14, 1831. Resigned, 
 without going to his post, November 19, 1831. 
 
 JOHN L. STEPHENS, of New York : 
 
 Special Agent. Instructed, August 13, 1839, to 
 negotiate respecting the exchange of treaty of 
 peace and commerce of July 4, 1838, and the 
 adjustmentof a claim. Returned without ac- 
 complishing those objects. Arrived in United 
 States, August 4, 1840. 
 
 JAMES SHANNON, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'AfEaires, February 9, 1833. 
 Died before reaching his post. 
 
 CHARLES G. DE WITT, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 29, 1833. 
 Left in February of 1839. Died in the United 
 States soou after. 
 
 WILLIAM S. MURPHY, of Ohio: 
 
 Special Diplomatic Agent-, appointed July 28, 
 1841. Left late in March, 1843. 
 
 CHILL 
 HEMAN ALLEN, of Vermont : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 37, 1833. Took leave, July 31, 1837. John P. 
 Kennedy, of Maryland, was commissioned 
 Secretary of Legation, January 37, 1633, and 
 resigni-d, June 23. Did not proceed to post. 
 SAMUEL LARNED, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 18, 1833. Left in cliarge, July 31, 1837. Com- 
 missioned as Charge d'Affaires, February 29, 
 1828. Left, October 14, 1829. 
 JOHN HAMM,of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 20, 1830. 
 Left, October 19, 1833. 
 RICHARD POLLARD, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Aflfaires, June 28, 1834. 
 Announced his departure from Valparaiso, by 
 letter. May 12, 1843. 
 JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 16, 1841. 
 Left, June, 1844. 
 WILLIAM CRUMP, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 10, 1844. 
 Announced his departure from Valparaiso, 
 November 1, 1847. 
 SETH BARTON, of Louisiana: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 27, 1847, to 
 take effect June 1. Passports sent him, at his 
 own request, Mav 22, 1849. 
 BALIE PEYTON, of "Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 9, 1849. Left Chili in 
 the autumn of 1853. S. MeI).\ry was com- 
 missioned asEnvoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 34, 1853, but resigned 
 without proceeding to liis post. Bp;nj.-\min R. 
 Hardin was commissioned Secretary of Lega- 
 tion, November 37, 1849. Did not reacli his 
 post, being recalled and dismissed, June 15, 1850. 
 JESSE B. HOLMAN, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 24, 
 1850. Resigned, May 14. 1853, to take effect 
 July 1. Thomas E. Massky, of Alabama, was 
 commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 38, 
 
 1853. Resiffncd ; did not proceed to post. 
 DAVID A. STARKWEATHER, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiarv, June 39, lt54. Took leave, 
 August 26, 1857. 
 FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 3, 
 
 1854. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 
592 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 from August 26 to October 5, 1857. Resigned 
 to take effect October 1, 1858 
 JOHN BIGLER, of California: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 3, 1857. Took leave 
 October 4, 1861. 
 GEORGE W. RYCKMAN, of California : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, Augu.-it 20, 
 
 , 1*^8. Resigned, to take effect July 1, 1860. 
 
 THOM.\S H. NELSON, of Indiana: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1861. Took leave 
 March 12, 1866. 
 JUDSON KILPATRICK, of New Jersey : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, November 11, "i860. Took 
 leave, August 1, 1870. 
 EDWIN F. COOK, of New Jersey : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 11, 1865. Died at Santiago, August 6 1867 
 A. W. CLARK, of New York : 
 
 Consul at Valparaiso. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 ad interim from August 23, 1868, to May 29, 
 
 JOHN C. CALDWELL, of Maine : 
 
 Consul at Valparaiso. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 
 '"' interim from August 1, to December 2 1870 
 
 JOSEPH P. ROOT, of Kansas; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, September 15, 1870. Resigned 
 rook leave, June 27, 1873 
 CORNELIUS A. LOGAN, of Kansas: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March ] 7, 1873. StUl in office 
 
 CHINA. 
 CALEB CUSHING.of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary and Commissioner, May 8, 1843 
 Edw.^^hd Everett, of Massachusetts, was 
 commissioned Commissioner, March 3, 1843 
 but did not accept. Mr. Cushing held two 
 commissions, one as Commissioner and the 
 other as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, bearing the same date Left 
 Macao for the United States, August 27 
 
 1844, and arrived in' Washington, January 4' 
 
 1845, with copy of treaty with China. Resigned' 
 March 13, 1845. Peter P.^^rker was left in 
 charge. 
 
 DANIEL FLETCHER WEBSTER, of Massachusetts- 
 ComniisRioned Secretary to Commissioner, April 
 , ^ J^*' 1843. Returned the latter part of 1844 
 
 ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts:' 
 Commissioned Commissioner, March 13, 1845 
 Did not complete the voyage to his post, but 
 returned to Boston, October 3, 1845, having (on 
 the 8th of August) intrusted Commodore BiD- 
 DLE with temporary discharge of duties of 
 Commissioner. Mr. Everett proceeded to his 
 post, October 5, 1846, and died in China, June 
 ~8, 1847. Commodore Biddi.e took leave of 
 the Emperor April 15, 1846, and placed Peter 
 Parker, Secretary and Interpreter of Leo-a- 
 tion, in charge. ° 
 
 PETER PARKER, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary and Interpreter of Le- 
 gation March 15, 1845 Was left in chart^e of 
 Legation by General CnsHiNQ August 27 1844 
 and acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim ironl 
 April 15 to October 5, 1846 ; from June 28 1847 
 to August 31, 1848; from May 25 1850 to 
 January 22, 1853 ; from Januarv 27 to April 14 
 1854; from December 12, 1854, to May 10, 
 18o5. Appointed Commissioner August lo' 
 1855. Commodore JoEi, Abbott was left in 
 charge by Peter P.^vrker May 10, 1855 and 
 was relieved by S. Wells Williams about 
 
 November 1. Mr. Parker retired as Com- 
 missioner, August 25 1857 
 JOHN W. DAVIS, of Indiana ; 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, January 3, 1848 
 Retired May 25, 1850. Thomas A. R. Nelson, 
 of Tennessee, was commissioned Commissioner 
 March 6, 1851 ; resigned July 2, 1851. Joseph 
 Blunt, of New York, was commissioned Octo- 
 ber 15, 1851, but declined. 
 HUMPHREY MARSHALL, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, August 4, 1853. 
 Retired, January 27, 1854. Robert J. Walk- 
 er, of Mississippi, was commissioned Commis- 
 sioner June 31, 1853, but declined. 
 ROBERT M. McLANE, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, October 18, 1853. 
 Retired, December 12, 1854. 
 S. WELLS WILLIAMS, of New York: ^ 
 
 Commissioned Secretary and Interpreter to Le- 
 gation, June 27, 1855. Acted as Charge d'Af- 
 faires adinterim from about November 1,1855, 
 to January 19, 1856 ; from August 35 to No- 
 vember 16, 1857 ; from Decendjer 8, 1858, to 
 May 18, 1859 ; from October 1 to October 34, 
 1861 ; from May 6, 1865, to September 19, 
 1866 ; from November 31, 1867, to Septem- 
 ber 29, 1868 ; from July 5, 1869, to April 20, 
 1870 ; from July 24, 1873. to date. Still in 
 charge. 
 WILLIAM B. REED, of Pennsylvania: -~ 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1857. Left China, 
 Decemlier 8, 1858. 
 JOHN E. WARD, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, December 15, 1858. Returned 
 on leave, December 15, 1860, and left Commo- 
 dore Stribbling in charge, who served until 
 July 23, 1861. 
 W. WALLACE WARD, of Georgia: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 
 24, 1859. Resigned, at Hong Kons, Februarr 
 18. 1860. 60. 1 
 
 GEORGE W. HEARD, Jr., of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 12," 1860. Resigned, to take effect Januarv 1. 
 1861. ' 
 
 ANSON BURLINGAME, of Massachusetts; "--. 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 14, 1861. Resigned, No- 
 vember 31, 1867, having been appointed Em- 
 bassador of the Emperor of China to the United 
 States and other powers. William A. How- 
 ard, of Michigan, was commissioned as Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 March 11, 1868, but declined. 
 J. ROSS BROWNE, of California : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 11, 1868. Retired, July 
 5, 1869. 
 FREDERICK F. LOW, of California: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, September 28, 1869. Empow- 
 ered, February 8, 1871, to negotiate with Corea 
 for the protection of seamen of the United 
 States wrecked on that coast, and for treaty of 
 navigation and commerce. Resigned, 1874. 
 BENJAMIN T. AVERY : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiarv, April 10, 1874. 
 GEORGE F. SEWARD: 
 
 Commissioned Minister, December, 1875. 
 
 COCHIN-CHINA. 
 EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered, January 26, 1832, to 
 negotiate for the extension of tlieVomnierce of 
 the United States In the Pacific. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 593 
 
 JOSEPH BALESTIER, of Massacliusetta (Consul at 
 Singapore) : 
 Empowered, August 16, 1849, to negotiate rela- 
 tive to friendship, commerce, and navigation. 
 
 COLOMBIA. 
 
 RICHARD C. ANDERSON, of Kentucky. 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 37, 1823. Took leave June 7, having been 
 commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary to Congress of Pan- 
 ama, and died at Carthagena July 24, 1826. 
 CHARLES S. TODD, of Kentucky : 
 
 Confidential Agent, appointed February 23, 1820, 
 to obtain information concerning condition of 
 affairs, the relations with Spain, and concern- 
 ing claims of citizens of United States against 
 Colombia. Returned to United States about 
 January 19. 1824. Commissioned Secretary of 
 Legation, January 37,1823, but declined. 
 BEAUFORT T. WATTS, of South Carolina: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 37, 
 1834. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim 
 from March 26, 1825, to January 30, 1826, and 
 from June 7, 1826, until regularly commis- 
 sioned as Charge d'Affaires March 3, 1827. 
 Took leave as Charge d'Affaires, November 17, 
 1837. Appointed Secretary of Legation at St. 
 Petersburg. 
 WILLIAM H. HARRISON, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1828. Took leave, Sep- 
 tember 36, 1829. 
 EDWARD T. TAYLOR,of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 26, 1838. 
 THOMAS P. MOORE, of Kentucky: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 13, 1839. Took leave, 
 April 16, 1833.' 
 J. C. PICKETT, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 9, 1829. 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from 
 April 16 to July 4, 1833, when his functions 
 ceased. 
 ROBERT B. McAFEE.of Kentucky: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 9,1833. 
 Left, June 20, 1837. 
 JAMES SEMPLE, of Illinois: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, October 14, 1837. 
 Left about April 1, 1842. 
 WILLIAM M. BLACKFORD, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 10, 
 1842. Left, December 33, 1844. 
 BENJAMIN A. BIDLACK, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 14, 1845. 
 Died at his post, February 6, 1849. 
 THOMAS M. FOOTE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, May 29, 1849. 
 Left on leave, about October 1.5, and resigned, 
 to take effect December 31, 1850. 
 TELVERTON P. KING, of Georgia ; 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 12, 1851. 
 Left, April 5,1853. 
 JAMES S. GREEN, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853. 
 Left, August 13, 1854. Was commissioned as 
 Minister-Resident, June 29, 1854, but did not 
 present his credentials in that capacity. Re- 
 signed, to take effect December 11, 1854. 
 JAMES B. BOWLIN. of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, December 13, 
 1854. Left about May 20, 1857, and resigned, 
 September 12, 1857. On December 2,1856, Isaac 
 E. Mouse was associated with him as Special 
 Commissioner to negotiate concerning the 
 transit of citizens, officers, soldiers, and sea- 
 men of United States across the Isthmus. 
 
 38 
 
 GEORGE W. JONES, of Iowa : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 8, 1859. 
 Took leave, November 4, 1861. 
 ALLAN A. BURTON, of Kentucky: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 39, 1861 ; 
 left about February 14, 1867. Jamks H. Camp- 
 belIj, of Pennsylvania, commissioned as Minis- 
 ter-Resident, November 16, 1860 ; declined, 
 Janliary 14, 1867. Daniel E. Sickles, of New 
 York, instructed, January 6, 1865, to confer 
 with the authorities at Panama concerning the 
 transportation of troops across the Isthmus, 
 and, with Mr. Burton, to confer with the gov- 
 ernment of Colombia on the same subject. 
 PETER J. SULLIVAN, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 19, 1867 ; 
 took leave, June 26, 1869. Caleb Cusiiing in- 
 structed, November 25, 1868, in concert with 
 Mr. Sullivan, to negotiate a treaty for ship- 
 canal across the Isthmus. 
 STEPHEN A. HURLBUT, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 23, 1869. 
 Took leave, April 3, 1872. 
 THOMAS F. WALLACE, of Pennsylvania : . 
 
 Consul at Bogota. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim from April 4, 1872, to July 20, 1873. 
 WILLIAM L. SCRUGGS, of Georgia: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 9, 1873. 
 Still in office. 
 
 COREA. 
 
 GEORGE F. SEWARD, of New York (Consul-Gen 
 eral at Shanghai) : 
 Empowered, June 27, 1868, to negotiate a treaty 
 concerning commerce and settlement of claims. 
 FREDERICK F. LOW, of California (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China): 
 Empowered, February 3, 1871, to negotiate for 
 the protection of seamen of United States 
 wrecked on the coast, and for treaty of naviga- 
 tion and commerce. 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Special Envoy. Instructed, April 39, 1853, to ob- 
 tain a settlement of disptites between Costa 
 Rica and Nicaragua in regard to their boun- 
 daries, which are obstacles to the commence- 
 ment of the canal across Nicaragua. Arrived 
 in New York, August 14, 1852. 
 
 SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenijjotentiary, April 18, 1853. John Slidell, 
 of Louisiana, was commissioned Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, March 
 29, 1853, but declined. Mr. Bokland was also 
 accredited to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, 
 and Salvador, but did not present his creden- 
 tials to the government of Costa Rica. Left 
 Nicaragua, April 17, 1854. Resigned, to take 
 effect June 30, 1854. John Elias Wakren 
 was commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 
 6, 1853, but declined. 
 
 FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28,. 
 1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in 
 Chili, August 3, 1854. 
 
 MIRABEAU B. LAMAR, of Texas: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 20, 
 1858. Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, December 23, 1857; 
 appointment revoked. Also accredited to Nic- 
 aragua. Retired, May 20, 1859. 
 
 ALEXANDER DIMITRY, of Louisiana; 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 15,1859 ; 
 also accredited to Nicaragua. Took leave, 
 April 37, 1861. 
 
594 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 CHARLES N. RIOTTE, of Texas : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Resident, June 8, 186L 
 Took leave, January 18, 1867. 
 
 ALBERT G. LAWRENCE, of Rliode Island: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, October 2, 1866. 
 Left about June a-l, 1868. Arthub Morrelf., 
 Vice-Consul at San Jose, in charge of Legation 
 from July 23, 1867, to June 10, 1868. 
 
 JACOB B. BLAIR, of West Virginia: • 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 35. 1868. 
 Took leave, June 30, 1873. Addison M. 
 Bailey, Vice-Consul at San Jose, in charge of 
 Legation from May 31 to October 18, 1869. 
 Mission consolidated with missions to other 
 Central American States. July 1, 1873. 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873, 
 to take eifect .July 1. Also accredited to Guate- 
 mala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador. At 
 the request of tlie government of Costa Rica, 
 he was, on the 2d of January, 1874, informed 
 that, with regard to that country, his functions 
 were suspended for the present. Still in office. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 GEORGE W. ERVING, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Special Minister, January 5, 1811, 
 charged with the subject of spoliations com- 
 mitted under the Danish flag on the commerce 
 of the United States. Similar instructions 
 were issued to JouN M. Forbes, Consul at 
 Copenhagen, to Geouoe W. Cami'BELL, Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Russia, who was to stop at Copenliagen on his 
 way to St. Petersburs, and to CllurSTOPUER 
 Hughes, Jr., Charge d' Affaires to the Nether 
 lands, who was also to go there before going 
 to the Hague. EltviNG took leave May 18, 
 1813, and left Copenhagen on the 36th. 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires March 33, 1837. 
 Left May 39, 1835. Appointed Charge d'Affaires 
 at Berlin. 
 JONATHAN F. WOODSIDE, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1835. 
 Left June 39, 1841. 
 ISAAC RAND JACKSON, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 20, 1841. 
 Died at post, Julv"27, 1813. 
 WILLIAM W. IKWIN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1843. 
 Left June 12, 1847. 
 ROBERT P. FLENNIKEN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 11, 
 1847. Left Seplen'iber 15, 1849. 
 WALTER FORWARD, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, November 8, 
 1849. Termination of service not given. Let- 
 ter of recall sent, at his request. September 10, 
 1851. A. J. OoLE commissioned as Charge 
 d'Affaires, January 22, 1853. Did not proceed 
 to post. Commi.^sion revoked, July 13, 1852. 
 MILLER GRIEVE, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Charg.' d'.'i.ffaires, August 30, 1853. 
 Termination of service not given. Last com- 
 munication from him dated June 33, 1853. 
 HENRY BEDINGER, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853. 
 Commissioned Minister-Kesident, June 39, 1854. 
 Presented credentials as such, September 33, 
 1854. Took leave, August 10, 1R58. 
 JAMES M. BUCHANAN, of Maryland: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 11, 1858. 
 Termination of service not given. Last dis- 
 patch from him dated April 17. 1861. 
 BRADFORD R. WOOD, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 32, 1861. 
 Took leave, November 18, 1865. Samuel J. 
 
 Kirkwood, of Iowa, was commissioned Minis- 
 ter-Resident, March 11, 1863. but declined. 
 
 GEORGE H. YEAMAN, of Kentucky: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 25, 1865. 
 Took leave, November 7, 1870. C. C. Andrews, 
 of Minnesota, was commissioned Minister-Resi- 
 dent, April 16, 1869, but subsequently commis 
 sioned as Jlinister-Resideut to Sweden, which 
 latter appointment he accepted. 
 
 M. J. CRAMER, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, September 9, 
 1870. Still in office. 
 
 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 JOHN HOGAN, of New York : 
 
 Special Agent. Instructed, February 33, 1845, to 
 examine into and report upon the Resources of 
 the Country, and especially as to its ability to 
 maintain its Independence. 
 ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Special Agent. Instructed, January 18, 1851, to 
 Co-operate with the Representatives of France 
 and Great Britain for the purpose of bringing 
 about a Peace between Hayti and the Domini- 
 can Republic. 
 JOHN SOMERS S.MITH, of Pennsylvania (Commer- 
 cial Agent at San Domingo) : 
 
 Empowered, December 13, 1866, to conclude a 
 Treaty of Commerce. 
 FREDERICK W. SEWARD, of New York (Assist- 
 ant-Secretary of State) : 
 
 Empowered, December 17, 1866, to negotiate for 
 the Cession or Lease of Samana Bay to the 
 United States. 
 R.\YMOND H. PERRY, of Rhode Island (Commer- 
 cial Agent at San Domingo) : 
 
 Empowered, November 6, 1869, to negotiate for 
 the Cession of San Domingo to tlie United 
 States and for the Lease of Samana Bav. 
 BENJAMIN F. WADE, of Ohio ; ANDREW D. 
 WHITE, of New York ; and S. G. HOWE, of Mas- 
 sachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioners, January 14, 1871, 
 to inquire into and Report upon the Resources 
 of the Country ; its Political Condition ; the 
 Population ; the Desire of the People of the 
 Republic to become Annexed to the United 
 States ; Amount of its Debt, etc. 
 ALLAN A. BURTON, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary to the above Commis- 
 sion, January 14, 1871. 
 
 ECUADOR. 
 
 J. C. PICKETT, of Kentucky (Charge d'Affaires to 
 Peru-Bolivian Confederation) : 
 
 Empowered, June 15, 1838, to negotiate relative 
 to Commerce and Navigation. 
 DELAZON S.MITH, of Ohio : 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered, December 28, 1844, 
 concerning Claims against Ecuador and the 
 late Republic of Colombia. 
 VANBRUGH LIVINGSTON, rif New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 10, 1848. 
 Left November 13, 1849. 
 JOHN T. VAN ALEN, of New Y'ork : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 5, 1849. 
 Termination of service not given. Dispatch 
 dated July 18, 1850. is the last one received 
 from him while at post. Arrived in the 
 United States, August 8, 1850. 
 COURTLAND CUSHINO, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'.\ffiiires, September 28, 
 1850. Left October 31, 1853. 
 PHILO WHITE, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affivires, July 18, 1853. 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 39, 1854. 
 Presented credentials as such September 2, 
 1854. Took leave, September 14, 1858. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 595 
 
 CHARLES R. BITCKALEW, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, Jane 14, 1858. 
 Left post for United States, July 10, 1861. 
 FREDERICK HASSAUHEK. of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, Marcli 27, 1861. 
 Left post aljout January 13, 1866. Resigned, 
 February 19. 
 L. V. PREVdST, of Maryland : 
 
 Consul at (iuayaquil ; in charge of Legation from 
 January 13 to August 3, 1866. 
 WILLIAM T. COGGESHALL, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 4, 1866 ; 
 died at post, August 3, 1867. D. A." NuNN, of 
 Tennessee, commissioned Minister-Resident, 
 April 21, 1869; did not proceed to post; re- 
 signed, November 2, 1869. CanisTtAN Wull- 
 wisHF.i!. Minister Resident. December, 1875. 
 E. RUJISEY WING, of Kentucky: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 16, 
 18G0. Died in office. 
 THOMAS BIDDLE, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 2, 
 1875. Died at Guayaquil, May 7, 1875, on the 
 way to his post. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary. (See 
 ante, for an account of Mr. Jefferson's ser- 
 vices. Appointed Minister Plenipotentiary un- 
 der the Confederation. Left Paris, September 
 26, 1789 ) 
 WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 20, 1790. 
 Date of letter of credence, April 6. Appointed 
 Secretary to Mr. Jeffkrson, August, 1783. 
 Left in charge of Legation. SeptemlJer 26, 1789, 
 and retired. May 16, 1793. Appointed Minis- 
 ter-Resident to Holland. 
 GOUVERXEUR MORRIS, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 12, 1792. Recalled, at request of Committee of 
 Salut Public. Presented Mr. MoNEOE to Com- 
 missioner of Foreign Affairs about August 2, 
 1794. 
 JAMES MONROE, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, May 28, 
 1794. Recalled, August 22, 1796. Took leave, 
 December 30, 1796. 
 CHARLES C. PINCKNEY, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, Septem- 
 ber 9, 1796. Directory refused to receive him, 
 December 11, 1796. 
 CHARLES C. PINCKNEY, of South Carolina : JOHN 
 MARSHALL, of Virginia; and ELBRIDGE GER- 
 RY, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commi.ssioned Joint Envoys Extraordinary and 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary, respectively. June 5, 
 
 1797, June 5, 1797, and July 22, 1797. Com- 
 missioned jointly and severally to treat ^vith 
 France. Gkruy was nominated in place of 
 Fr.\ncis D.\n.\, who declined. A new com- 
 mission was issued to tliem, dated July 22, 1797. 
 W^ere not officially received by Directory. 
 TAT,i,ETr(.\ND offered to treat with Gekry only. 
 PiNCKNEY and M.\RSH.4.LL left Paris in April, 
 
 1798. Oi-.RRY remained until July 26, 1798. 
 OLIVER ELLSWORTH, of Connecticut'; WILLIAM 
 
 VANS MURRAY, of Maryland ; and WILLIAM 
 
 R. DAVIE, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Joint Envoys and Ministers Pleni- 
 potentiary, respectively, February 26, 1799 ; 
 February 26, 1799, and June 1, 1799. Mr. 
 Davie was nominated in place of Patrick 
 Henry, who declined April 26, 1799. They 
 left Paris in October, 1800. James A. Bayard, 
 of Delaware, commissioned Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary, February 19, 1801 ; did not serve. 
 
 Thomas Sumter, Jr., of South Carolina, com- 
 missioned Secretary of Legation, May 12, 1801. 
 Did not serve. 
 
 ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, October 
 2, 1801. Took leave, November 18, 1804. 
 
 JAMES MONROE, of Virginia, and ROBERT R. 
 LIVINGSTON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 respectively, January 12, 1803, jointly and sepa- 
 rately to treat with France concerning the rights 
 and interests of the United States in the River 
 Mississippi and in the Territories eastward 
 thereof. Monroe left Paris July 12, 1803, and 
 Livingston remained as Minister and took 
 leave, November IS, 1804. 
 
 JOHN ARMSTRONG, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 
 1804. Left Paris September 14, 1810. Mr, 
 Armstrong and James Bowdoin, of Massa 
 chusetts, who was then Minister Plenipoten 
 tiary to Madrid, were commissioned Commis 
 sioners Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary 
 March 17, 1806, to treat jointly and severally 
 with Spain concerning Territories, wrongful 
 captures, condemnations, and other injuries. 
 Did not go to Madrid, but conducted negotia- 
 tions at Paris.' Negotiations unsuccessful. 
 
 JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Charg.' d'Affaires. Left in charge of Legation, 
 September 14, 1810. Commissioned as Chargb 
 d'Affaires, but commission is not of record. It 
 was sent to him, November 5, 1810. Left Paris 
 in November, 1811. Appointed Charge d'Af- 
 faires at London. 
 
 JOEL BARLOW, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, Febru- 
 ary 27, 1811. Died at Zaruowice, December 26, 
 
 1812, on his return to Paris from Wilna. 
 WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, April 9, 
 
 1813. Took leave, April 22, 1815. 
 HENRY JACKSON, df Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 38, 
 1813. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from April 23, 1815, to July 9, 1816. Super- 
 seded. 
 ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 28, 1815. Left Paris, 
 Maj' 16, 1823, on leave. Was associated with 
 Richard Rush, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, May 22, 
 1818, to conclude treaties for the renewal of 
 the Convention of July 3, 1815, and for com- 
 merce with Great Britain. 
 DANIEL SHELDON, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 3, 
 1816. Acted as Charge d'Affaires rid interim 
 from July 18 to October 6, 1817 ; from August 
 12 to October 27, 1818 ; and from May 16, 1823, 
 to March 80, 1824. 
 JAMES BROWN, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, December 9, 1823. Took 
 leave, June 28, 1839. 
 JOHN ADAMS SJIITH, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 12, 
 
 1828. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from June 28 to October 1, 1829. Appointed 
 Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg. 
 
 WILLIAM C. "RIVES^ of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1829. Took leave 
 September 27,"l832. 
 CHARLES CARROLL HARPER, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 1, 
 
 1829. Resigned September 8, 1830. 
 
596 
 
 TABULAR RECOBDI 
 
 NATHANIEL NILES, of Vermont : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 9, ISiiO. Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from Septeml5er 27, 1803, to April 19, 1833. 
 LEAVITT HARRIS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commisoioned Charg'' d'Affaires, March 6, 1833. 
 Left October 1, 1833. 
 EDWARD LIVINGSTON, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 39, 1833. Asked for his 
 passports and mthdrew, April 38, 1835, under 
 instructions from the President. 
 THOMAS P. BARTON, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 39, 
 1833. Acted as Charge. d'Affaires nd interim 
 from May 11 to June 11, 1834 ; from August 
 10 to October 13, 1834 ; and from April 38 to 
 November 8, 1835. Withdrew by order of the 
 President. 
 LEWIS CASS, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, October 4, 1836. Tooli leave, 
 November 13, 1843. 
 CHARLES B. ANDERSON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 4, 
 1836. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from April 3 to November 39, 1837. Resigned, 
 April 1, 1839. 
 HENRY LEDYARD, of Michig*i : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 7, 
 1839. Acted as Charge d'Aff.iires ad interim 
 from November 13, 1843, to June 10, 1844. 
 Left September 17, 1844. 
 WILLIAM R. KING, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 9, 1844. Took leave, 
 September 15, 1846. 
 J. L. MARTIN, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 15, 
 1844. Acted as Charge. d'Affaires ad interim 
 from July 4 to October 14, 1845, and from Sep- 
 tember 15, 1846, to July 34, 1847. 
 RICHARD RUSH, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 3, 1847. Took leave, 
 October 8, 1849. 
 
 STEPHEN K. STANTON, of : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 21, 
 1848. 
 WILLIAM C. RIVES, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiarv, July 20, 1849. Took leave. 
 May 13, 18-53. ' 
 HENRY S. SANFORD, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 39, 
 1849. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from May 14, 1853, to January 10, 1854. Re- 
 signed, January 33, 1854. 
 JOHN Y. MASON, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, October 10, 1853. Died at 
 post, October 3, 1859. 
 DONN PIATT, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 13, 
 
 1854. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, 
 from January 18 to Ai)ril 30, 1855. Resigned, 
 October 4, 1855. 
 
 0. JENNINGS WISE, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 27, 
 
 1855. Resigned, June 16, 1857. 
 J. B. WILBOR, of New York : 
 
 Commisioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 
 January 1, 1857. Superseded. 
 W. R. CALHOUN, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 
 15, 1857. Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim 
 
 from October 3, 18-59, to February 38, 1860. 
 
 Resigned, November 15, 1860. 
 
 CHARLES J. FAULKNER, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, January 16, 1860. Took leave, 
 Mav 12, 1861. 
 JAMES G. CLARKE, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 April 17, 1860. Functions ceased, February 1, 
 1861. 
 ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 7, 
 1861. Functions ceased May"l9, 1861. 
 WILLIAM L. DAYTON, of New Jersey : -- 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 18, 1861. Died at post, 
 December 1, 1864. 
 WILLIAM L. DAYTON, Jr., of New Jersey. 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 March 33, 1861. Resigned, February 2, 1865. 
 WILLIAM S. PENNINGTON, of New Jersey : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 26, 
 1861. Recalled, March 17, 186.5. 
 JOHN BIGELOW, of New York : 
 
 Consul-General at Paris. Acted as Charge d'.\f- 
 faires ad interim from December 21, 1864. 
 Commissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, March 15, 1865. Pre- 
 sented credentials as such April 5, 1865. Took 
 leave December 33, 1866, 
 GEORGE P. POMEROY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant Secretary of Legation, 
 March 15, 1865. 
 JOHN HAY, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 33, 
 1865. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from August 8 to September 7, 1866. Re- 
 signed, March 18, 1867. 
 JOHN A. DIX, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, September 24, 1866. Took 
 leave, Mav 33, 1869. 
 WICKHAM HOFFMANN, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 October 10, 1866 ; as Secretary of Legalion, 
 March 18, 1867. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 ad interim from August 38 to Se])tember 20, 
 and from November 1 to November 19, 1867 ; 
 from July 3 to July 14, and from August 23 
 to Septem"ber 4, 1868': from June 39 to August 
 23. 1869 ; from July 2 to July 18, 1870 ; from 
 July 3 to August 38, 1871 ; and from October 
 14,1872, to January 9,1873. Appointed to 
 Great Britain, December 15, 18.54. 
 JOHN W. DIX, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Assi.stant-Secretary of Legation, 
 March 18, 1867. Resigned, Fel)ruary 12, 1869. 
 ELIHU B. WASHBURNE, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 17. 1869. Still in Office. 
 FRANK MOORE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 March 17, 1869. Resigned, to take effect April 
 1, 1873. 
 GRATIOT WASHBURNE, of Hlinois : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 February 15, 1873. Still in office. 
 ROBERT R. HITT : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December 
 15, 1874. 
 
 GERMANY, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF. 
 
 ANDREW J. DONELSON, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 9, 1848. Mission abol- 
 ished, October 10, 1849. 
 GALES SEATON, of District of Columbia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 19, 
 1849. Mission abolished, October 10, 1849. 
 
TABU LA R RECORDS. 
 
 597 
 
 "GERMAN EMPIRE. {See Prussia.) ' 
 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 31, 1871. 
 ALEXANDER BLISS, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation to Prussia, 
 June 10, 18G7. Acted as Cliarge d' Affaires ad 
 interim from July 7 to July 21, 1873 ; from 
 November 11, 1873, to January 20, 1873 ; and 
 from August 2 to August 11, 1873. 
 J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, in 1874. 
 NICHOLAS FISH, of New York : 
 
 Secretary of Legation. Acted as Charge d' Af- 
 faires ad interim in 1872. Still in office. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 "THOMAS PINCKNEY, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 12, 1792. Took leave, July 28, 1796. Godter- 
 KEDR MoiiRis, of New York, was named by 
 President Washington, October 13, 1789, an 
 Agent to inquire as to whether there be any 
 and what objections on the part of Great Britain 
 to now perform those articles in the treaty 
 •which remain to be performed, and whether 
 they are inclined to negotiate a commercial 
 treaty. 
 
 JOHN JAY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary, April 19, 
 1794. May 6, 1794, was empowered to nego- 
 tiate respecting the non-execution or infraction 
 of the armistice of January 20, 1783, or the 
 treaty of peace of September 3, 1783 ; or the 
 instructions of His Majesty to his ships of war, 
 of whatever date, but especially on the 8th of 
 June and 6th of November, 1794, and the 8t!i 
 of January, 1794 ; or restitution or compensa- 
 tion in the cases of capture and seizure made 
 by his ships, and also concerning commerce. 
 (Four powers were given to Mr. Jat, all dated 
 May 6, 1794 ; 1st, as above; 2d, excluding the 
 parts relative to instructions to ships of war, 
 compensation for capture, and commerce ; 3d, 
 to treat concerning compensation for capture; 
 and, 4th, commerce.) Took leave, April 8, 179.^. 
 Mr. Jay was Chief Justice while holding this 
 mission. 
 
 RUFUS KING, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, May 
 20, 1796. Took leave. May 18, 1803. Em- 
 powered, February 7, 1799, to negotiate a treaty 
 of amity and commerce with Russia. Mr. 
 Christopher Gore, a member of the mixed 
 commis.sion sitting at London under treaty of 
 1794, acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from August 10 to November 26, 1802. 
 
 JAMES MONROE, of Virginia, and WILLIAM 
 PINKNEY, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, Mr. Mon- 
 roe, April 18, 1803, and Mr. Monroe and Mr. 
 PiNKNEY were jointly and severally commis- 
 sioned, May 12, 1806, as Commissioners for the 
 settlement of differences with Great Britain 
 and establishing commerce. Mr. Monroe, and 
 Robert R. Livingston, of New York, who 
 ■was then Minister Plenipotentiary to Paris, 
 were confided, January 13, 1803, with a joint 
 mission to treat with France concerning the 
 riglits and interests of the United States in the 
 river Mississippi, and in tlie Territories east- 
 ward thereof. At the same time Monroe was 
 also joined with Charles C. Pinckney, of 
 South Carolina, who was then Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary at Madrid, to treat with Spain on 
 the same subjects. Mr. Monroe took leave of 
 
 the British court, October 7, 1807, and Mr. 
 PiNKNEY, May 7, 1811, leaving John Spear 
 Smith in charge of the Legation till Novem- 
 ber 1.5, 1811. 
 JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires. Commission 
 
 sent with an instruction of the 27th July, 1811, 
 
 is not of record. Mr. Rdssell was received 
 
 by the British government, November 15, 1811. 
 
 Received passport, at his request, September 
 
 2, 1812. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania; JOHN 
 
 QUINCY ADAMS, of Ma.ssachusetts ; and JAMES 
 
 A. BAYARD, of Delaware : 
 
 Commissioned Envoys Extraordinary and Min- 
 isters Plenipotentiary, April 17, 1813, with 
 power, jointly and severally, to conclude, at St. 
 Petersburg, a peace with Great Britain, The 
 Senate rejected Mr. Gallatin, July 19, 1813, 
 when a new commission was issued to Mr. 
 Adams and Mr. Bayard. Great Britain refus- 
 ing to treat at St. Petersburg, a new commis- 
 sion was issued. (See post.) 
 LEAVITT HARRIS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary to foregoing Mission 
 April 23, 1813. Appointed Charge d'Affaires to 
 Russia. 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts : JAMES 
 A. BAYARD, of Delaware ; HENRY CLAY, of 
 Kentucky ; JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode 
 Island; and ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Commissioned Ministers Plenipotentiary and Ex- 
 traordinarv, respectively, Januarv 18, 1814, 
 January 18, 1814, January 18, 1814! January 18, 
 
 1814, and February 9, 1814, with power to 
 negotiate and conclude a treaty of peace and 
 a treatv of commerce. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, Jr., of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary to above Mission, Febru- 
 arv 3, 1814. 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 38, 1815. Took leave, 
 May 14. 1817. 
 JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legatinn September 8, 
 
 1815. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from 
 May 14 to December 22, 1817, and from May 13 
 to November 11, 1835. Appointed Secretary to 
 Legation at Madrid. 
 
 RICHARD RUSH, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary October, 1817 ; confirmed, De- 
 cember 16 ; took leave April 37, 1835. Albert 
 Gallatin, of Penn.sylvania, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, was 
 associated with him. May 23, 1818, to conclude 
 treaties for the renewal of the convention of 
 July 3, 1815, and for commerce. 
 HENRY MIDDLETON, of South Carolina, (Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Russia:) 
 Empowered July 29, 1823, to negotiate with 
 Great Britain and Russia, jointly, concerning 
 Commerce and Navigation, Fisheries, Abolition 
 of the African Slave-trade, and concerning the 
 Principles of Maritime War and Neutrality. 
 RUFUS KING, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 5, 1825. Retired, June 16, 
 1826. 
 JOHN A. KING, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation May 5, 1825. 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 
 15 to August 8, 1836. Resigned, August 13, 1826. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennslyvania : 
 
 1 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 
598 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 ter Pleni|)otentiary May 18, 1826. Embarked 
 for the United States, October 8. 1827. 
 WILLIA.VI BEACH LAWRENCE, of New York : 
 
 Coininis.sioned Secretary of Legation July 8, 182G. 
 Listriictedtoact as Cliarged' Affaires ad interim, 
 and acted from October 4, 1827, to September 
 2, 1828. Left his post October 13, 1828, having 
 previously resigned. 
 JAMES BARBOUR, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 33, 1828. His successor 
 presented, September 23, 1829. 
 LOUIS McLANE, of Delaware : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary April 18, 1829. Sailed for the 
 United States. June 19, 1831. 
 WASHINGTON IRVING, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation June 1, 1839. 
 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June 
 17to September 31, 1831. Resigned, September 
 23, 1831. 
 MARTIN VAN BUREN, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 1, 1831. Took leave 
 March 19, 1832, his appointment not having 
 been confirmed bv the Senate. 
 AARON VAIL, of New'York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 1, 
 1831. Left in charge on retirement of Mr. Van 
 Bdren. Commissioned as Charge d'Affaires 
 July 13, 1833. Recommissioned as Secretary 
 April G, 1-36. Superseded. 
 ANDREW STEVENSON, of Virginia; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, Slarch 16, 1836. Took leave 
 October 21, 1841. Empowered, November 7, 
 1837, to negotiate with Greece concerning com- 
 merce and navigation. 
 THEODORE S. FAY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation December 26, 
 
 1836. Appointed Secretary of Legation at 
 Berlin. 
 
 BENJAMIN RUSH, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 21, 
 
 1837. Left July 31, 1841. 
 EDWARD EVERETl', of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, September 13, 1841. Took 
 leave August 8, 1845. 
 FRANCIS ROBERT RIVES, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 24, 
 1842. Resigned. February 3, 1845. 
 LOUIS McLANE, of Maryland; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinar\- and Mini.ster 
 Plenipotentiary, June 16, 1845. Left August 18, 
 1846. 
 GANSEVOORT MELVILLE, of New York ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 8, 1845. 
 Died at his post. 
 JAMES McHENRY BOYD, of Missouri ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, Jnne 19, 
 1846. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from August 18 to November 1, 1846. Super- 
 seded. 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, September 9, 1846. Left 
 August 31, 1849. 
 JOHN R. BRODHEAD, of New York ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 8, 
 1846. Left August 3, 1849. 
 J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 7, 1849. 
 Acted as Charge d'.^ffaires ad interim from 
 August 31 to October 10,1849 ; from .September 
 11 to October 33. 1851 : and from January 16 to 
 February 18, 18.53. Resigned, to take effect 
 November 30, 1853. 
 
 ABBOTT LAWRENCE, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 30, 1849. Resigned. 
 Delivered archives to his successor, September 
 30, 1853. 
 
 JOSEPH R. IXGERSOLL, of Pennsylvania : ~" 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiarv, August 31, 1852. Took leave, 
 August 23, 18.52. _ 
 
 WILLIAM H. TRESCOTT, of South Carolina : '^=^ 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December 
 30, 1852. Resigned, to take effect early in May, 
 1853. 
 
 JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania ; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 11, 1853. Took leave, 
 March 15, 1857. Empowered, July 6, 1853, to 
 negotiate Convention with Bavaria concerning 
 Extradition, and with Hanover, December 18, 
 18.54, on same subject. 
 
 DANIEL E. SICKLES, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretarv of Legation, July 30, 
 1853. Retired, December 16, 1854. 
 
 JOHN APPLETON, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Secretarv of Legation, February 
 19, 1855. Retired, November 16, 18.55. Mr. 
 API'LETON had been commissioned. May 20, 
 1853, but did tlien accept. Was commissioned 
 Charge d'Affaires (id interim October 27, 1855. 
 
 GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania : — " 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, February 4, 1856. Took 
 leave, Mav 16, 1861. 
 
 PHILIP N. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February 
 19, 1856. Was relieved by his successor. May 
 16, 1861. 
 
 CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, of Massachusetts : ~"~ 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 30, 1801.' Took leave, 
 May 13. 1868. Empowered, about September 
 23, 1862, to negotiate a treaty of cojnmerce and 
 navigation with Liberia. 
 
 CHARLES L. WILSON, of Illinois ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 23, 
 1S61. Resigned, July 15. 1864. 
 
 BENJAMIN MORAN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Appointed Salaried Clerk in the Legation, Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1855 ; commissioned Assistant-Secre- 
 tary of Legation, January 1, 1857; Secretary 
 of Legation, July 29, 1864. Has acted as 
 Charge d'Affaires ad interim as follows : From 
 August 10 to September 5, 1865 ; from Sep- 
 tember 25 to November 23, 1866; from May 
 13 to August 18, 1868; from May 13 to June 
 3, 1869; from December 6, 1870, to June 5, 
 1871 ; from August 14 to September 23, 1S71 ; 
 from October 10 to December 10, 1873 ; from 
 October 31 to November 31, 1873 ; and from 
 February 22, 1874. Transferred to Portugal, 
 December 15, 1874. 
 
 DENNIS R. ALWARD, of New York: 
 
 Commissioned Assistant Secretary of Legation, 
 September 29, 1864. Resigned, to take effect 
 July 1. 1868. 
 
 REVERDY JOHNSON, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 i.ster Plenipotentiary, June 12, 1868. Took 
 leave bv letter, Mav"l3, 1869. 
 
 EDWARD C."jOHNSOX,'of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 June 23. 1868. Retired, Mav 21, 1869. — 
 
 J. LOTHROP MOTLEY, of Massachusetts ; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, April 13, 1869 Took leiive, 
 December 6, 1870. Fkedehick T. Freling- 
 HHTSEN, of New Jersey, was commissioned 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
 
TABULAR RECORDl 
 
 599 
 
 tentiary, July 15, 1870, but declined. Oliver 
 P. MoUTOX, of Indiana, was commissioned, 
 September 23, 1870, but declined. 
 ADAM BADEAU, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 April 21, 1869. Resigned, December 6, 1869. 
 E. S. NADAL, of New Jersey . 
 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 January 28, 1870. Left July 14, 1871. 
 ROBERT C. SCHEXCK, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Enyoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, December22, 1870. Still in office. 
 H.AMILTOX FISH, Secretary of State ; Robert C. 
 ScuENCK, Enyoy Extraordinary and Mini.ster 
 Plenipotentiary to Great Britain'; Samuel Nel- 
 son, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States ; Ebexezer R. Ho.vr, of Massa- 
 chusetts : and George H. Willi.\ms, of Oregon. 
 Commissioned, February 10, 1871, jointly and 
 seyerally, to be Commissioners on the part of 
 the United States in a joint high commission 
 betvyeen the United States and Great Britain for 
 settling the differences between the t\yo powers. 
 May 2, 1871, they were appointed Plenipoten- 
 tiaries with power to sign a treaty. 
 J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS. Assistant' Secretary of 
 State ; Appointed Secretary of the American Com- 
 missioners in the joint high commission, Feb- 
 ruary 14. 1871. 
 MAXWELL WOODHULL, of the District of Co- 
 lumbia : 
 Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation, 
 May 12, 1871. Resigned, June 7, 1872. 
 WILLIAM H. CHEESEBROUGH, of New York : 
 Commissioned Assistant Secretary of Legation, 
 June 8, 1872. Preyiously commissioned March 
 17, 1871, but declined. SCiU in office. 
 WICKHAM HOFFMAN. 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December 
 15, 1874. 
 
 GREECE. 
 
 ANDREW STEVENSON, of Virginia, (Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great 
 Britain) : 
 
 Empowered, November 7, 1837, to negotiate a 
 treaty of commerce and navigation. 
 CHARLES'K. TUCKERMAN, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 11, 1868. 
 Took leave, November 4. 1871. 
 JOHN M. FRANCIS, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 15, 1871. 
 Left ou leave, June 25, and resigned, to take 
 effect. November 7, 1873. 
 J. MEREDITH READ, Jr., of New York: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 7, 
 1873. Still in. office. 
 
 GUATEMALA. 
 
 ELIJAH HISE, of Kenfurky : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 31, 1848. 
 Was authorized to conclude a treaty of com- 
 merce with San Salvador. Took leave of that 
 Government. June 19, 1849, and of the Gov- 
 ernment of Guatemala, June 21, 1849. 
 
 E. GEORGE SQUIER, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, April 2, 1849. 
 Was authorized to conclude treaties of com- 
 merce with Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, 
 and Salvador. Left Nicaragua ou leave, about 
 June 25, 1850; removed, September 13. Balis 
 M. Ednet, of North Carolina, was commis- 
 sioned Charge d'Affaires, August 30, 1852. but 
 did not proceed to his post; commission re- 
 voked, February 16, 1853. 
 
 SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. John 
 
 Slidell, of Louisiana, was commissioned 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni])0- 
 tentiary, March 29, 1853, but declined. John 
 Elias W.^RiiEN was commissioned Secretary 
 of Legation, -\pril 6, 1853, but declined. Mr. 
 Borland was also accredited to Costa Rica, 
 Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador. Did 
 not present his credentials to Government of 
 Guatemala. Left Nicaragua, April 17, 1854. 
 Resigned, to take effect, June 30, 1854. 
 
 FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28, 
 1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in 
 Chili, August 2, 1854. 
 
 JOHN L. MARLING, of Tennes.see : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 3, 1854. 
 Left on leave. May 8. Resigned, October 3, 
 1856, and died on tlie 10th. 
 
 WILLIAM E. VENABLE, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident. March 14, 1857. 
 Died in Guatemala, August 22, 1857, before 
 presenting his credentials. 
 
 BEVERLY L. CLARKE, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 7, 1858; 
 also accredited to Honduras. Died in Guate- 
 mala, March 17, 1860. 
 
 ELISHA O. CROSBY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 22, 1861. 
 Took leave, June 13, and left Guatemala, June 
 23, 1864. William Kellogg, of Illinois, was 
 commissioned Jlinister-Resident, April 21, 
 
 1864. but did not serve. 
 FITZ HENRY WARREN, of Iowa : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 13, 
 
 1865. Took leave, August 11, 1869. 
 SILAS A. HUDSON, of Iowa : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 22, 1869. 
 Left on leave, October 12, 1872. Mission con- 
 solidated with missions to other Central Amer- 
 ican States, July 1, 1873. 
 GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commis.sioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873, 
 to take effect, July 1, 1873 ; also accredited to 
 Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Sal- 
 vador. Still in office. 
 
 HANOVER. 
 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) : 
 Empowered, December 15, 1837, to negotiate a 
 treaty of commerce and navigation. 
 A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio : 
 
 Special agent. Empowered, March 27, 1846, to 
 negotiate a treaty of commerce and navigation. 
 JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania (Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great 
 Britain) : 
 Empowered, December 18, 1854, to negotiate a 
 treaty of extradition. 
 NORMAN B. JUDD, of Illinois (Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prus.sia): 
 Empowered, July 25, 1861, to treat concerning the 
 abolition of the stadt dues. 
 
 HAWAII. 
 
 GEORGE BROWN, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, March 3, 1843. 
 Left, June 20. 1846. 
 ANTHONY TEN EYCK, of Michigan : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, April 19, 1845. 
 Services terminated, December 31, 1849. 
 CHARLES EAMES. of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, January 13, 1849. 
 Met Mr. Jcdd, His Hawaiian Majesty's Pleni- 
 potentiary, at San Francisco, and there con- 
 cluded a treaty of amity, commerce, and navi- 
 gation. Resigned, October 32, 1849. 
 
600 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 LUTHER SEVERENCE. of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, June 7, 1850. Took 
 le;ive, December 20, 1833. Shelton F. LE.4.KE, 
 of Virginia, was Commissioned Commissioner, 
 May 24, 1853, but declined, June 4, 1853. 
 DAVID L. GREGG, of Illinois : 
 
 Comraissinued Commissioner, July 6, 1853. Left, 
 May 35, 1858. 
 JAMES \V. BORDEN, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, January 11, 1858. 
 Left, June 15, 18G1. 
 THOMAS J. DRYER, of Oregon ; 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, March 26, 1861. 
 Left, June 19, 1863. 
 JAMES McBRIDE, of Oregon : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 9, 1863. 
 Left Honolulu, July 27, 1866. 
 EDWARD M. McCOOK, of Colorado : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 21, 1866. 
 Henry B. Rouse acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 ad interi/n trom aboat November 21,1866, to 
 June 21, 1867. Morgan L. Smith, United 
 States Consul at Honolulu, acted from Septem- 
 ber 25, 1867, until February 36, 1868, when he 
 resigned and placed Z. S. Spalding, Vice-Con- 
 sul, in charge, who served until about July 17, 
 1868. Mr. McCook left Honolulu on leave, 
 December 5, 1868, and resigned, April 15, 1869. 
 On his departure he placed Eli as Perkins, 
 CV)nsul at Lahaiua, in charge, who served until 
 July 19, 1869. 
 HENRY A. PEIRCE, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 10, 1869. 
 Still in office. 
 
 HAYTL 
 
 BENJAMIN F. WHIDDEN, of New Hampshire : 
 Commissioned Commissioner and Consul-General, 
 July 12, 1862. Left his post, February 33, 1865. 
 H. E. PECK, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner and Consul-General, 
 March 14, 1865. Commissioned Minister-Resi- 
 dent and Consul-General, August 6, 1866. Pre- 
 sented credentials as such, October 11, 1866. 
 Died at post. Jane 9, 1867. 
 GIDEON H. HOLLISTER, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul- 
 General, February 5, 1868. Took leave, Sep- 
 tember 7, 1869. 
 EBENEZElt D. BASSETT, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul- 
 General, April 16, 1869. Still in office. 
 
 HESSE CASSEL. 
 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) : 
 Empowered, November 18, 1843, to treat concern- 
 ing the abolition of the droit d'aubaine aiudta.-s.es 
 on emigration. 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) : 
 Empowered, May 25. 1868, to treat concerning 
 naturalization. 
 
 HONDURAS. 
 
 SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. John Sli- 
 DELL, of Louisiana, was Commissioned Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 Marcli 29, 1853, but declined. John Elias 
 Warrsn, was commissioned Secretary of 
 Legation, April 6, 1853, but declined. Mr. 
 Borland was also accredited to Costa Rica, 
 Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Salvador; did not 
 present his credentials to the government of 
 Honduras ; left Nicaragua, April 17, 1854 ; re- 
 signed, to take effect June 30, 1854. 
 
 FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 38, 
 1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in 
 Chili, August 2, 1854. 
 
 BEVEKLY L. CLARKE, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 14, 
 1858 ; also accredited to Guatemala ; died at 
 Guatemala, March 17, 1860. Hezekiah G. 
 Wells, of Michigan, was commissioned Minis- 
 ter-Resident, August 7. 1861; declined, Octo- 
 ber 19, 1861. Jacob M. Howard, of Michigan, 
 was commissioned November 7, 1861, but de- 
 clined, November 16. 
 
 JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 10, 
 
 1862. Terminated his services, June 6, 1863. 
 Appointed Minister-Resident to Salvador. 
 
 THOMAS H. CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 16, 1863. 
 Delivered archives to successor, August 10, 
 1866. 
 RICHARD H. ROUSSEAU, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 14. 1866. 
 Left for United States, about June 1, 1869. 
 HENRY BAXTER, of Michigan: 
 
 Commissioned Alinister-Resident, April 31, 1869. 
 Took leave, about June 30, 1873. Mission con- 
 solidated with missions toother Central Ameri- 
 can States. July 1,1873. 
 GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873, 
 to take effect July 1 ; also accredited to Costa 
 Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Salvador. 
 Still in office. 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 GEORGE P. MARSH, of Vermont : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, March 20, 1861. Still in 
 office. 
 GREEN CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 10, 
 
 1863. William H. Fry. of New York, was 
 commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 27, 
 1861 ; did not proceed to post ; superseded by 
 Mk. Clay. Mr. Clay acted as Charge d'Af- 
 faires ad interim from August 4 to October 3, 
 1866, and from August 17 to November 2, 1867. 
 Resigned, July 13,1868. 
 
 T. BIGELOW LAWRENCE, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Consul-General at Florence. Acted as Charge 
 d'Affaires ad interim from August 3 to October 
 3, 1868. 
 HENRY P. HAY, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 25, 
 
 1868. Left tor the United States, May 12, 1869. 
 GEORGE W. WURTS, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 16, 
 
 1869. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from August 13 to September 11, and from Oc- 
 tober 31 to November 30,1869 ; from July 11 
 to August 31, 1870 ; from August 34 to October 
 24, 1871 ; from July 1 to August 30, 1872; and 
 from August 3 to October 1, 1873. SlUl in 
 office. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Special Agent. Instructed, October 28, 1832, to 
 present himself at Japan for the purpose of 
 opening trade. Nothing was accomplished. 
 Caleb Cushing, Commissioner to China, on 
 August 14, 1844, was empowered to negotiate a 
 treaty of navigation and commerce. These 
 powers were transferred, April 16, 1845, to 
 Alexander H. Everett. 
 
 JOHN H. AULICK, Commodore: 
 
 Empowered, May 30, 1851, to obtain permission 
 to purchase supplies for United States steam- 
 
TABULAR BECORDS. 
 
 001 
 
 ers, and to negotiate a treaty of amity and 
 commerce. 
 MATTHEW C. PERRY, Commodore : 
 
 November 13, 1852, the powers of Commodore 
 AuLiCK were transferred to Commodore Perry. 
 TOWXSEXD HARRIS, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Consul-General. September 8, 1855. 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 19, 
 1859. Presented credentials as such, January 
 19, 1859. Toolv leave, April 26, 1862. 
 ROBERT H. PRUYN, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, October 12, 1861. 
 Left on leave, April 28, 1865. Resigned, Octo- 
 ber 25, 1865. Chatjncey M. Depew, of New 
 York, was commissioned Minister-Resident, 
 November 15, 1865, and declined, December 4. 
 A. L. C. PORTMAN, of New York: 
 
 Commissioned Interpreter to Legation, June 27, 
 1861. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from April 28, 1865, to August 13, 1866. Sus- 
 pended, September 16, 1870. 
 ROBERT B. VAN VALKENBURGH, of New York: 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 18, 
 1866 Took leave, November 11, 1869. 
 CHARLES E. DE LONG, of Nevada : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1869. 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary, July 14. 1870. Presented 
 credentials as sucli, June 9, 1871. Took leave 
 Octoljer 7, 1873. J. C. Hepburn was commis- 
 sioned Interpreter to Legation, April 6, 1871, 
 but declined, June 15. 
 CHARLES O. SHEPARD, of New York: 
 
 Consul at Kanagawa. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 ■ ad interim from December 6 to November 8, 
 
 1871, and from December 23, 1871, to August 
 10, 1872. 
 
 NATHAN E. RICE, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Interpreter to Legation, March 22, 
 
 1872. Still in office. 
 
 EGBERT DE LONG BERRY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 5, 
 1872. Suspended, August 6, 1873. 
 JOHN A. BINCfHAM, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 31, 1883. Still in 
 office. 
 DURHAM W. STEVENS, of the District of Colum- 
 bia ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 6, 
 1872. Still in office. 
 
 LEW CHEW. 
 MATTHEW C. PERRY, Commodore : 
 
 Concluded an agreement f<n- the treatment of 
 Americans at Lew Chew, July 11, 1854. 
 
 LIBERIA. 
 CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, of Massachusetts (En- 
 voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Great Britain) : 
 
 Empowered about September 23, 1862, to con- 
 clude a treaty of commerce and navigation. 
 ABR.\HAM HENS'ON, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner and Consul-General, 
 June 8, 1803. John J. Henry, of Delaware, 
 was commissioned Commissioner and Consul- 
 General, March 11, 1863; resigned. May 19. 
 Mr. Henson died at post, July 20, 1866. 
 JOHN SEYS, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul- 
 General, October 8, 1866 : left post about June 
 10, 1870. Fr.\ncis E. Dhm.^s. of Louisiana, 
 was commissioned Minister-Resident and Con- 
 sul-General, April 21. 1869; declined, May 5. 
 J. MILTON TURNER, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul- 
 General, March 1, 1871. Still in office. 
 
 MADAGASCAR. 
 
 JOHN P. FINKELMEIER, of New Jersey (Commer- 
 cial Agent at Tamatave) : 
 
 Verbally-instructed. Concluded a treaty concern- 
 ing commerce, rights of citizens, and consuls, 
 February 14, 1867. 
 
 MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN. 
 
 A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio : 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered, March 28, 1846, to 
 negotiate a treaty of commerce and navigation. 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 JOEL R. POINSETT, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 8, 1825. Gen. An- 
 drew Jackson was commissioned as Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Mexico, January 27, 1823. He declined the 
 appointment, and NiNi.\N Edwards was com- 
 missioned, March 4, 1824. April 22, 1824, he 
 was instructed not to proceed to his post, in 
 consequence of charges made by him against 
 W. H. Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury. 
 John M.\son, Jr., was commissioned Secre- 
 tary of Legation, January 37. 1823, but did not 
 go to his post. Mu. Poinsett was commis- 
 sioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to Congress of Panama, which was 
 to le-assemble at Tacubaya, February 12, 1827. 
 Took leave of Mexican government, December 
 25, 1829. 
 
 ANTHONY BUTLER, of Mississippi : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, October 12, 1829. 
 The credentials of his successor were presented 
 May 11,1836. 
 
 POWHATAN ELLIS, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 5,1836. 
 Demanded his passports and withdrew the le- 
 gation from Mexico, December 28, 1836. Com- 
 missioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 15, 1839. Took 
 leave, April 21, 1842. 
 
 THOMAS H. ELLIS, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 2, 
 1839. Resigned, May 20, 1841. 
 
 BRANTZ MAYER, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 10, 1841. Superseded, June 9, 1843. 
 
 WADDY THOMPSON, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 10, 1842. Took leave, 
 March 9, 1844. 
 
 BENJAMIN E. GREEN, of Kentucky ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 24, 
 1843. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from March 9 to September 1, 1844. 
 
 WILSON SHANNON, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 9, 1844. Diplomatic in- 
 tercourse having been suspended, he demanded 
 his passports and left Mexico, May 14, 1845. 
 
 JOHN SLIDELL, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, November 10, 1845. Mexican 
 government declined, March 12, 1846, to receive 
 him. Resigned, January 26, 1847. 
 
 WIILLIAM S. PARROTT, of Virginia: 
 
 Confidential agent to restore suspended inter- 
 course between Mexico and the United States, 
 appointed, March 28, 1845. Commissioned 
 Secretary of Legation, November 20, 1845. 
 Superseded by appointment of Robert M. 
 Walsh. Moses Y. Beach, confidential agent 
 to bring about peace between Mexico and the 
 United States, appointed, November 21, 1846. 
 
GO-J 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 NICHOLAS P. TRIST, of Virginia (Cliief Clerk of 
 Department) : 
 
 Cuiiimissioned Comraiasioner, April 45, 1847. 
 Services lermiDiUed about February 12, 1848. 
 AMBROSE H. SEVIER, of Arkansas, and NATHAN 
 CLIFFORD, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned C'ommi.ssionerf<, with rank of En- 
 voys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipoten- 
 tiary, March 14, and March 18, 1848. Mr. Se- 
 vier took leave June 4, 1848. Mr. Clifpokd 
 presented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Mini.ster Plenipotentiary, October 3, 1848. 
 Took leave, September 6, 1849. 
 ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Lea:ation, March 14, 
 1848. Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from October 31, 1848, to January 30, 1840, and 
 from September 6, 1849, to February 7, 18.50, 
 when his functions ceased. 
 NATHAN CLIFFORD, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, July 28, 1848. Took leave, 
 September 6, 1849. 
 ROBERT P. LETCHER, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, August 9, 1849. Left, August 
 3. 18.i'3. 
 BUCKINGHAM SMITH, of Florida : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 9, 1850. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from January 26 to October 8, 1851. Recalled, 
 February 3, 1872. 
 WILLIAM RICH, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 22, 
 
 1852. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from August 3 to November 30, 1833. 
 
 ALFRED CONKLINO, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary. August 6, 1852. Took leave, 
 August 17, 1853. 
 JOHN S. CRIPPS, of California : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 13, 
 
 1853. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from January — to June 4. 1854, and from May 
 — to August'—, 1850. Recalled, August 16, 1856. 
 
 JAMES GADSDEN, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1833. Took leave, 
 October 23, 1856. 
 JOHN FORSYTH, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary. July 21, 1856. Demanded his 
 passports and withdrew legation from Mexico, 
 October 20. 1858. 
 WALKER FEARN. of Alabama : 
 
 Commissiiined Sfi'retary of Legation, July 21,1856. 
 ROBERT M. McLA.XE, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioiieil Euvov Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, M:irch 7,1869. Took leave. De- 
 cern l)er 22, 1860. 
 HENRY ROY DE LA REINTRIE, of California: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 7, 
 
 1859. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from Sejitember 1 to November 21, 1859. Re- 
 signed, Dfcember 14, 1859. 
 
 CHARLES LE DOU.X ELGEE, of Louisiana: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, -January 16 
 
 1860. Acted as Charge d'.'Lffaireg ad interim 
 from January 33 to March 28, 1860 ; from July 
 10 to about October 30, 1870 ; and from Decem- 
 ber 22, 1880, to January 30, 1861. Resigned, De- 
 cember 22. 1860. 
 
 JOHN B. WELLER, of California: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, November 17, 1860. Took leave, 
 May 14, 1861. 
 THOMAS CORWIN. of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 
 Plenipotentiary, March 23, 1861 ; left post on 
 leave, April 27, and resigned September 1, 1861. 
 John A. Loo.\n, of Illinois, was commissioned 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary, November 14, 1865. but declined. 
 WILLIAM H. CORWIN, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 27, 
 1861. Acted as Charge d'. Affaires ad interim 
 from April 27, 1864, to April 21, 1866. Re- 
 called, November 22, 1863. 
 LEWIS D. CAMPBELL, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 4, 1866. Did not reach 
 Mexico. Resigned, June 16, 1867. William 
 A. BitoWNlNS, of Tennessee, was commissioned 
 Secretary of Legation, November 14, 1865. 
 Died before leaving the United States. 
 EDWARD LEE PLUMB, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 5, 
 1866. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from August 15. 1867, to December 10, 1868. 
 Resigned, December 10, 1868. 
 MARCUS OTTERBOURG, of Wisconsin: 
 
 Consul at Mexico. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim from April 21, 1866, to August 20,1867, 
 when he presented his credentials as Envoy 
 Extraoi'dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 for which he was commissioned, July 1, 1867. 
 Took leave, September 7, 1867. 
 WILLIAM S. ROSECRANS, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, July 37, 1868. Took leave, 
 June 26, 1809.' 
 THOMAS H. NELSON, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 16, 1869. Took leave, 
 June 16, 1873. 
 JAMES St. CLAIR BOAL, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 31, 
 1869. Superseded. 
 PORTER C. BLISS, of the District of Columbia : 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 12,1870. 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo- 
 ber 1, 1872, to January 8, 1873. Still in office. 
 JOHN W. FOSTER, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 17 , 1S73.' Still in office. 
 DANIEL S. RICH.VrDSON: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December, 
 1875. 
 
 MOROCCO. 
 DAVID HUMPHRIES, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner Plenipotentiary, 
 March 13, 1795, to negotiate a treaty of amity, 
 and commerce. 
 JAMES R. LElB.of Pennsylvania (Consul at Tangier): 
 Empowered, July 4, 1835, to negotiate a treaty of 
 navigation and commerce. 
 JESSE H. McMATH, of Ohio (Consul at Tangier) : 
 Empowered, November 1, 1864, to negotiate a 
 treaty for the maintenance of Cape Spartel 
 Light-house, on Morocco coast. 
 
 MUSCAT. 
 EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered. January 26,1832, to 
 negotiate a treaty of commerce. 
 NASSAU. 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York, Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) : 
 Empowered to negotiate for the abolition of droit 
 d'aubaine and taxes on emigration. 
 
 NETHERLAND. 
 WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 16, 
 1792. Left the Hague, December 19, 1792, on 
 a diplomatic mission to Madrid. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS, 
 
 603 
 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Minister- Hesideut, May 30, 1794. 
 Took leave, June 20, 1797. 
 THOMAS BUYLESTON ADAMS, of Massachusetts: 
 Acted as Cliarge d'AffairesrtfZ intirim Irom Octo- 
 ber 19. 1795, to May 31, 1796. 
 WU.UAM VANS MURRAY, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 3, 1797. 
 Took leave, Septeml)er2, 1801. 
 WILLIAM EUSTIS, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Elenipotentiary, December 19, 1814. Took leave. 
 May .5, 1818. 
 ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts: 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 24, 
 1815. Acted as Cliarge d 'Affaires ad i/i^crim 
 from May 1 to July 15, 1815. 
 ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania, and WIL- 
 LIAM EUSTIS, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Joint Envoys Extraordinary and 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary, April 5, 1817. Mn. 
 G.M.i.ATiN left the Hague, Sei>tember 32, 1817, 
 and Mn. EosTis took leave. May 5, 1818. 
 J. J. APPLETON, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo- 
 ber 20, 1817, to April 18, 1818, and from May 
 5, 1818. to January 4, 1819. 
 ALEXANDER II. EVERETT, of Massachusetts : 
 Commissioned Chirge d'Affaires, June 27, 1818. 
 Left. April 7. 1824. 
 CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, Jn., of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Ailaires, March 9, 1825. 
 Left. February 1, 1830. Was instructed, March 
 24, 1825, to stop at Copenhagen and endeavor 
 to procure a satisfactory adjustment of the 
 claims growing out of the spoliations commit- 
 ted under tlie Danish flag ou the commerce of 
 the United States. 
 WILLIAM P. PREBLE, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1829. Left about May 
 2, 1831. 
 AUGUSTE DAVEZAC, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 11, 
 1829. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from May 2 to about December 30, 1831, when 
 he presented liis credentials as Charge d'Affaires, 
 for which he was commissioned, October 15, 
 1831. Left about July 15, 1839. 
 HARMANUS BLEECKER,"of New York: 
 
 Conmiissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, May 15, 1839. 
 Left, Auffust 26. 1843. 
 CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, May 12, 1842. 
 Left, June 28, 1.845. 
 AUGUSTE DAVEZAC, of Louisiana: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 19, 1845. 
 Left, September 28, 1850. 
 GEORGE FOLSOM, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 4, 1850. 
 Left, October 20, 1853. 
 AUGUST BELMONT, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 18.53. 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29,1S54. 
 Pre.sented credentials as such, September 26, 
 1854. Left, September 22, 1857. 
 HENRY C. MURPHY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 1, 1857. 
 Left, June 8, 1861. 
 JAMES S. PIKE, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 28. 1861. 
 Took leave. May 17, 1866. Daniel E. Sickles, 
 of New York, was commissioned Minister-Res- 
 ident, May 11,1866, but declined. JOHN A. 
 Dix, of New York, was commissioned, June 27, 
 1866, but also declined. 
 ALBERT RHODES, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Consul at Rotterdam. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 
 ltd interim from September 28 to December 1, 
 1866. 
 HUGH EVVING, of Kansas : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, September 24, 
 1866. His successor presented his letters, De- 
 cember 15, 1870. 
 CHARLES T. GORHAM.of Michigan: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 12, 1870. 
 •Hilt in ofliee. 
 JAMES BINNEY : 
 
 Commissioned Minister. 
 
 NICARAGUA. (See Central America.) 
 
 JOHN B. KERR, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 12, 1851. 
 Demanded his passport, May 5, 1853, and left 
 June 1. 
 
 SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, Ajiril 18, 1853. John Sli- 
 DELL, of Louisiana, was commissioned Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 March 29, 1853, but declined. John Elias 
 Waruen was commissioned Secretary of Le- 
 gation, April 6, 1853, but declined. Mr. Bou- 
 L.\ND was also accredited to Costa I-.ica, Guate- 
 mala, Honduras, and Salvador. Left Nicaragua, 
 April 17, 1854. Resigned, to take effect, June 
 30. 
 
 FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28, 
 1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation iu 
 Chili, August 2, 1854. 
 
 JOHN H. WHEELER, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Mini.ster-Resident, Augu.st 2,1854. 
 Left, about November 5, 1856. Resigned, 
 March 2, 1857. 
 
 MIRABEAU B. LAMAR, of Texas : 
 
 Commissioned Minister- Resident, January 20, 
 
 1858. Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, December 23, 1857 ; 
 appointment revoked. Also accredited to Costa 
 Rica. Took leave. May 12, 1859. 
 
 ALEXANDER DIMITRY, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 15, 
 
 1859. Also accredited to Costa Rica. Left, 
 April 27, 1861. 
 
 ANDREW B. DICKINSON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 38, 1861. 
 Took leave, January 15, 1863. 
 
 THOMAS H. CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, October 21, 
 
 1862. Delivered archives to successor, June 3, 
 
 1863. Appointed Minister-Resident to Hondu- 
 ras. 
 
 ANDREW B. DICKINSON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident and Extraordi- 
 nary, April 18, 1863. Took leave, July 39, 1869. 
 C. N. RIOTTE, of Texas : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Resident, April 31, 1869. 
 Left on leave, January 15, 1873. Mission con- 
 solidated with Missions to other Central Amer- 
 ican States. July 1, 1873. 
 GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17. 1873 ; 
 to take effect, July 1. Also accrediled to Costa 
 Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Salvador. Still 
 in office. 
 
 OLDENBURG. 
 
 A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio : 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered, March 28, 1846, to 
 negotiate a Treaty of Commerce and Naviga/- 
 tion. 
 
 ORANGE FREE STATE. 
 
 WILLARD W. EDGECOMB, of Maine (Consul ai 
 Cape Town) : 
 
G04 
 
 TABULAR EECORDS. 
 
 Empowered, June 24, 1871, to negotiate a Treaty 
 of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 PANAMA, CONGRESS OF. 
 
 RICH.\RD C. ANDERSON, of Kentucky (Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Colombia) ; JOHN SARGENT, 
 of Pennsylvania ; and JOEL R. POINSETT, of 
 South Carolina (Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Mexico) : 
 
 Commissioned Joint Envoys Extraordinary and 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary to the Assembly of 
 American States — Anderson and Sargent, 
 March 14, 1836, and Poinsett added, Febru- 
 ary 12, 1837, in place of Anderson, who died 
 at Carthagena, July 34, 1836. The Assembly 
 adjourned to re-assemble at Tacubaya, Mexico. 
 It did not again meet, and S.\rgent left Mexi- 
 co for the United States about June 4, 1837. 
 WILLIAM B. ROCHESTER, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary to the Mission to Pana- 
 ma, March 14, 1826. Appointed Charge d'At- 
 faires to Central America. 
 JOHN SPEED SMITH, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary to the Mission to Tacu- 
 baya, March 3, 1827. 
 
 PARAGUAY. 
 
 EDWARD A. HOPKINS, of Vermont . 
 
 Special Agent. Appointed, June 10, 1845, for the 
 purpose of forming friendly relations and 
 obtaining information concerning Paraguay. 
 Returned to Washington, June 7, "1846. 
 JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia (Charge d'Af- 
 faires to tlie Argentine Republic), and ROBERT 
 C. SCHEXCK, of Oliio (Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil) : 
 Empowered, April 27, 1852, to negotiate a Treaty 
 of Commerce. 
 RICHARD FITZ PATRICK, of Texas: 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered, August 5. 1856, to 
 Exchange the foregoing Treaty concluded by 
 Pendleton. 
 JAMES B. BOWLIN, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, September 9, 1858. 
 Took leave, February 10, 1859. 
 CAVE JOHNSON, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioner. Appointed, June 8, 1860, under 
 Convention of. Februai'y 4, 1859, to adjust the 
 claims of the United States and Paraguay 
 Navigation Company. 
 SAMUEL Ward, of New York : 
 
 Secretary and Interpreter to the above Commis- 
 sion. Appointed, June 8, 1860. 
 CHARLES A. WASHBURN, of California : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, June 8. 1861 ; com- 
 missioned Minister Resident, January 19, 1863. 
 Presented credentials as such, May 13, 1863. 
 Received passports, September 9, 18fi8. 
 MARTIN T. McMAHON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 27, 1868. 
 Took leave, June 21, 1869. 
 JOHN L. STEVENS, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Minister- Resident, April 28, 1870 ; 
 also accredited to Uruguay. Left Montevideo 
 on leave. May 19, 1873 ; and resigned, Novem- 
 ber 15, 1873. 
 JOHN C. CALDWELL, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 8, 1874; 
 also accredited to Uruguay, liiill in office. 
 
 PERSIA. 
 
 CARROLL SPENCE, of Maryland (Minister-Resident 
 to Turkey) : 
 
 Empowered, May 24, 1855, to negotiate a Treaty 
 of Commerce. 
 
 PERU. 
 
 JAMES COOLEY, of Pennsylvania ; 
 
 Commissioned Charge, d'Affaires, May 2, 1826. , 
 Died at his post, February 24, 1828. 
 SAMUEL LARNED, of RJiode Lsland: \ 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, December 29, 
 1838. Mr. West having been appointed | 
 Charge d'Affaires, and having died on the way 
 to his post, Mr. Launed was re-commissioned, i 
 May 15, 1830. Left, March 2, 1837. I 
 
 EMANUEL J. WEST, of Illinois : ' 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, October 22, 
 1829. Died on the way to his ])ost. 
 SAMUEL LARNED, of Rliode Island : , 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 15, 1830. 
 Left, March 2, 1837. , 
 
 JAMES B. THORNTON, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, .June 15, 1836. 
 Died at his post, January 25, 1838. 
 J. C. PICKETT of Kentucky ; 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 9, 1838. 
 Delivered archives to his successor, April 28, 
 1845. 
 JOHN A. BRYAN, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 15, 
 1844. Left about August 4, 1845. 
 ALBERT a. JEWETT, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 13, 1845. 
 Left, July 31, 1847. 
 JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1847. 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, March 16, 1853. Presented 
 credentials as such, August 23, 1853. De- 
 manded his passports, October 23, 1860. John 
 L Martin was commissioned Secretary of Le- 
 gation, March 28, 1853, but declined, June 5. 
 JAMES C. MARRIOTT, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Secrntarv of Legation, September 
 12, 1853. Resigned, November 27, 18.54 
 SAMUEL S. COX, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February 
 19, 1833. Proceeded as far as Aspinwall, and 
 was obliged to return because of ill-health. 
 Resigned, August 11, 1835. 
 Z. B. CAVERLY, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 4, 1855. Dismissed, April 1, 1861. 
 CHRISTOPHER ROBINSON, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 8, 1861. Delivered ar- 
 chives to his successor, November 38, 1865. 
 William Sticknet, of District of Columbia, 
 was commissioned Secretary of Legation, Au- 
 gust 13, 1861, but declined. 
 THOMAS I. POPE, of California ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 18, 
 1865. Dismissed, September 3, 1865. 
 ALVIN P. HOVEY, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiarv, August 13, 1865. Took leave, 
 September 30, "1870. 
 CLARENCE EYTINGE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 1, 1865. Resigned, March 17, 1867. James M. 
 C.\.Ri!, of Ohio, was commissioned Secretary of 
 Legation, August 23, 1865, but declined. 
 HENRY M. BRENT, of the District of Colum- 
 bia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 18, 
 1867. Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd inUHin 
 from May 31, 1869, to February 1, 1870, from 
 September 30, 1870, to May 13, 1871, and from 
 November 20, 1871, to July 10, 1873. Resigned, 
 Januarv 36, 1873. 
 THOMAS SETTLE, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 18, 1871. Left on 
 
TABULAE RECORDS. 
 
 605 
 
 leave, November 20, 1871. Resigned, February 
 20, 1873. 
 FRANCIS THOMAS, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 25, 1873. Resigned. 
 RICHARD GIBBS : " 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 9, 1875. 
 
 PERU— BOLIVIAN CONFEDERATION. 
 J. C. PICKETT, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 9, 1838. 
 Empowered, June 15, 1838, to negotiate a Treaty 
 of Commerce and Navigation with Ecuador. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 21, 
 1791. Took leave, July 35, 1797, having been 
 appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain. 
 John Quisct Ad.^^ms ivas commissioned Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary to Portugal, May 30, 1796, 
 but did not proceed thither, having been ap- 
 pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia. 
 WILLIAM SMITH, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary. July 10, 
 1797. Took leave, September 9, 1801. 
 THOMAS SUMTER, Jr., of South Caiolina : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, March 7, 
 1809. Accredited to the Portuguese Court, re- 
 siding in Brazil. Took leave, July 24, 1819. 
 JOHN GRAHAM, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 6, 1819. Accredited to the Portuguese Court, 
 residing in Brazil. Left Rio de Janeiro on ac- 
 count of illness, June 13, 1830. Died in the 
 United States, July 31, 1820. 
 JOHN JAMES APPLETON, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 3, 
 1819. Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim 
 from June 13, to June — , 1821. 
 HENRY DEARBORN, Sk. , of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 7, 1833. Took leave, June 
 30, 1834. 
 THOMAS L. L. BRENT, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 8, 1832. 
 Acted as Charge. d'Affaires ad interim from 
 June 30, 1834, until received as Charge d'Af- 
 faires, June 24, 1835. Commissioned Charge 
 d'Affaires, March 9, 1835. Received passports, 
 at his request. November 35, 1884. 
 EDWARD KAVANAGH, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1835. 
 Left Lisbon on leave, April 19, 1841, and re- 
 signed, June 38 following. Amand T. Don- 
 NETT, acting Consul at Lisbon, acted as Cliarge 
 d'Affaires rid interim from August 27, 1840, to 
 February 13, 1841, and from April 19 to De- 
 cember 34, 1841. 
 WASHINGTON BARROW, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 16, 1841. 
 Left, February 34, 1844. 
 ABRAHAM RENCHER, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 22, 
 1843. Left, November 18, 1847. 
 GEORGE W, HOPKINS, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1847. 
 Left, October 18, 1849. 
 JAMES BROWN CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 1, 1849. 
 Left, July 19, 1850. 
 CHARLES B. HADDOCK, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, December 10, 
 1850. Left, June 30, 1854. 
 JOHN L. O'SULLIVAN, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 16, 
 1854. Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 
 
 29, 1854. Presented credentials as such, Octo- 
 ber 19, 1854. Took leave, July 15, 1858. 
 GEORGE W. MORGAN, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 11, 1858. 
 Took leave, July 19, 1861. 
 JAMES E, HARVEY; of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 38, 1861. 
 Took leave, July 15, 1869. 
 C. A. MCNRO, of New York: 
 
 Consul at Lisbon. Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad 
 interim from July 18, 1807, to August — , 1868. 
 SAMUEL SHELLABARGER, of Oliio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 31, 1869. 
 Resigned, to take effect December 31, 1869. 
 William Cumback, of Indiana, was commis- 
 sioned Minister-Resident, January 38, 1870, but 
 did not proceed to his post. 
 HENRY S. NEAL, of Ohio: 
 
 Consul at Lisbon. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim from January 1 to June 6, 1870. 
 CHARLES H. LEWIS, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 15,1870. 
 Hesiffned. 
 H. W. DIMAN, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Consul at Lislion. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim, from August 1 to Sejitember 8, 1873. 
 BENJAMIN MORAN, of Pennsylvania; 
 
 Conimissidned Minister-Resident, December 15, 
 1874. 
 
 PRUSSIA. (See German;/.) 
 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massarli'usetts : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 1, 
 1797. Took leave about April 38, 1801. Com- 
 missioned Commissioner, March 14, 1798, to 
 Sweden, with authority to negotiate a Treaty 
 of Commerce. 
 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1835. 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary, March 7, 1837. Pre- 
 sented credentials as such, September 29, 1837. 
 Empowered to treat with Bavaria, Hesse Cas- 
 sel, Saxony, and Wlirtemberg, concerning the 
 Aliolition of droit d'aubaine and Taxes on Emi- 
 gration, and with Hanover concerning Com- 
 merce and Navigation. Took leave, July 18, 
 1840. Charles A. Ingeusoll was commis- 
 sioned Secretary of Legation, March 8, 1837, 
 but declined, April 13. 
 
 THEODORE S. FAY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 17, 
 1837. Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires iid interim 
 from November 16, 1841, to April 13, 1842; 
 from July 18 to October 18, 1848 ; from May 12 
 to May 23, 1849 ; from January 13 to December 
 10, 1850 ; and from Augu.st 15, 1851, to June 3, 
 1853. Functions ceased, June 11, 1853. 
 
 ANDREW J. DONELSON, of Tennessee; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 18, 1846. Took leave, 
 June 9, 1849. 
 
 EDWARD A. HANNEGAN, of Indiana; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 22, 1849. Took leave, 
 January 13, 1850. 
 
 DANIEL D. BARNARD, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, September 3, 1850. Took leave, 
 September 21,'l853. 
 
 0. JENNINGS WISE, of Virginia; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 19, 
 1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation at 
 Paris. 
 
 PETER D. VROOM, of New Jersey; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1853. Empowered, 
 February 15, 1855, to negotiate a Treaty of Ex- 
 
606 
 
 TABULAR RECORD! 
 
 tradition with Baden. Took leave, August 10, 
 1857. 
 
 EDWARD G. W. BUTLER, Jr.. of Louisiana: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 17, 
 1858. Acted as Cliarge d'.\ifaires ad interim 
 from August 11 to Septembers, 1857. Super- 
 seded. 
 
 JOSEPH A. WRIGHT, of Indiana ; 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1857. Took leave, 
 July 1, 1801. 
 
 NORMAN B. JUDD, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 8, 1801. Empowered, 
 July 25, 1801, to negotiate a Treaty with Han- 
 over for the Abolition of tlie Stadt Dues. Took 
 leave, September 3, 1805. 
 
 HERMANN KKEIS.MANN, of Illinois: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 8, 
 1801. Acted as Charge d'Affaires (id interim 
 from July 8 to September 8, 1802; from June 
 27 to August 31, 1803; from October 23 to De- 
 cember 38, 1803 ; and from July G to September 
 10, 1801. Resigned, to take effect September 
 12, 1805. 
 
 JOSEPH A. WRIGHT, of Indiana: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 30, 1805. Died at his 
 post. .May 11, 1807. 
 
 JOHN C. WRIGHT, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 6, 1805. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from May 11 to August 28, 1807. Resigned, 
 Mav 11.1807. 
 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 14, 1807. Empowered to 
 negotiate Treaties of Naturalization with Ba- 
 den, Bavaria, and Hesse, and with Wi\rtemberg 
 to negotiate Treaties of Naturalization and Ex- 
 tradition. Presented credentials as Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 German Empire, July 23, 1871. 
 
 ALEXANDER BLISS. (See German Empire.) 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 RUFUS KING, of New York (Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain) : 
 Commissioned Special Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 February 7, 1799, to negotiate a Treaty of 
 Amity and Commerce. Did not go to the post. 
 JOHN yUINCY ADAMS, of Massacliusetts : 
 
 Commissionnd Minister Plenipotentiary, June 87, 
 1809. Took leave, Ajiril 7, 1814. 
 WILLIAM STEUBEN SMITH, of Massachusetts: 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 2, 
 1812. 
 LEVETT HARRIS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 7, 1814. 
 Took leave, January 12, 1817. 
 ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania; JAMES A. 
 BAYARD, of Delaware; and JOHN QUINC'Y 
 ADAMS, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Envoys Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ters Plenipotentiary, April 22, 1813. Jointly 
 and severally empowered to negotiate a Treaty 
 of Commerce with Russia. Tlie Senate, on the 
 19th of July, 1813, assented to tlie appointment 
 of Messrs. Ad.^ms and B.\y.\rd, and rejected 
 Mr. O.^LL.vTiN. Mr. Gallatin addressed a 
 note to the Chancellor on November 2, 1813, 
 stating that he was no longer a member of the 
 Mission. Messrs. Gallatin and Bataud left 
 St. Petersburg, January 25, 1814. James A. 
 B.\tard, of Delaware, was commissioned En- 
 voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary, February 28, 1815, but did not proceed to 
 his post. 
 
 WILLIAM PINKNEY, of Maryland: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, Slarch 7, 1810. Left post, 
 Feliruary 14, 1818. „ 
 
 WILLIAM R. KING, of Alabama: -" 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 23, 
 
 1810. Superseded. ,;^ 
 
 CHARLES PINKNEY, of Maryland : 
 
 Commis.-ioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 30, 1818. .'Vcted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from February 14 to September 22, 1818,lind 
 from July 5 to November 9, 1830. 
 
 GEORGE W. CAMPBELL, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 10, 1818. Took leave, 
 July 5, 1830. Was instructed, June 28, 1818, 
 to stop at Copenhagen and endeavor to procure 
 a satisfactory adju.stment of the claims grow- 
 ing out of the spoliations committed under the 
 Danish flag on the commerce of the United 
 States. 
 
 HENRY MIDDLETON, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, April 0, 1830. Left post 
 about August 3, 1830. His letter of recall was 
 presented by Mr. Clay, Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim, January 12, 1831. Empowered, July 
 39, 1833, to negotiate with Great Britain and 
 Russia, jointly, concerning commerce and navi- 
 gation, fisherie.s, abolition of the African slave- 
 trade, and concerning the principles of mari- 
 time war and neutrality. 
 
 BEAUFORT T. WATTS, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 26, 
 
 1838. John Adams Smith, of Massachusetts, 
 commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 16, 
 
 1839, but declined. 
 JOHN RANDOLPH, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 20, 1830. Left post 
 September 19, 1830. Presented his letter of 
 recall to Prince Lieven, in London, July 17, 
 1831. 
 JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 4, 
 1830. Acted as Charg.' d'Affaires ad interim, 
 from September 19, 1830, to June 4, 1833, from 
 August 5, 1833, to October 13, 1834, and from 
 December 34, 1835, till commissioned as below. 
 JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Slinis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, January 4, 1832. Took 
 leave August 5, 1883. Ma'hlon Dickerson, 
 of New Jersey, was commissioned Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, May 
 28, 1834. but declined. ' — ' 
 
 WILLIAM WILKINS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, June 30, 1834. Left post 
 on leave, December 24, 18-35. His letter of re- 
 call was presented by Mr. Cl.\y, Charge d'Af- 
 faires ad interim, May 18, 1836. 
 JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY,"of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Chargi' d'Affaires, June 29, 1836. 
 Left, August 4, 1837. 
 GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, March 7, 1837. Left post, 
 July 39, 1839. 
 WILLIAM W. CHEW, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 7, 
 18:57. Acted as Charge d'Aifaires ad interim, 
 from July 39, 1839, to August 24, 1840. Su- 
 perseded. 
 CHURCHILL C. CAMBRELENG, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 30, 1840. Took leave, 
 July 13, 1841. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 007 
 
 CHARLES S. TODD, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary-, August 27, 1841. Took 
 leave, January 27, 1846. 
 -JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, Septem- 
 ber 10, 1841. Resigned about February 8, 
 1843. 
 JOHN S. MAXWELL : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 8, 
 1S42. Resigned, November 3, 1844. 
 JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 15, 
 1845. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, 
 from January 38, 1846, to May 33, 1847. Ap- 
 pointed Charge d'Affaires in Peru. 
 RALPH^ INGERSOLL, of Connecticut : 
 
 JConimissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, August 8, 184(3. Left post, 
 July 1, 1848. Letter of recall presented by C. 
 M. Ingersoll, Charge d'Affaires ad intenm, 
 September 23, 1848. 
 COLIN M. INGERSOLL, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 15, 
 1818. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, 
 from September 20 to November 16, 1848. Re- 
 called, March 30, 1849. 
 ARTHUR P. BAGBY, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, June 15, 1848. Took leave. 
 May 14, 1849. 
 NEIL S. BROWN, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 2, 1850. Took leave, 
 June 23, 1853. 
 EDWARD H. WRIGHT, of New Jersey : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 3, 1850. 
 Superseded. 
 THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1853. Took leave, 
 July 17, 1858. -J,^-^..-" r^t , . . 
 
 R. AUGUSTUS ERVING, of Cnnne'cticut : ^ ' 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 22, 
 1853. Resigned, to take effect, November 1,1855. 
 JOSIAH PIERCE, Jr., of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 5, 
 1855. Resigned, March 3, 1858. 
 FRANCIS W. PICKENS, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, January 11, 1858. Took 
 leave, September 9, 1860. 
 JOHN E. BACON, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 13, 
 1858. Resigned, January 14, 1860. 
 JULIAN A. MITCHELL, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 6, 
 1860. Resigned. January 14, 1861. 
 JOHN APPLETON, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, June 8, 1860. Took leave, 
 June 7, 1861. 
 CASSIUS M. CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, March 38, 1861. Took 
 leave, June 35, 1863. 
 GREEN CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 18, 
 1801. Superseded. 
 SIMON CAMERON, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, January 17, 1863. Left 
 post, September 18, 1863. 
 BAYARD TAYLOR, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 10, 
 1862. Acted as Charge de Affaires ad interim. 
 from September 18, 1863. to May 7, 1863. Re- 
 signed, April 15, 1863. 
 
 CASSIUS M, CLAY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, March 11, "l863. Took 
 leave, September 35, 1869. 
 HENRY BERGH, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 12, 
 1863. Suoerseded. 
 JEREMIAH CURTIN, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 14, 1864. Superseded. 
 TITIAN J. COFFEY, of Pennsylvania ; 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 31, 
 
 1869. Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim, 
 from October 1 to October 28, 1869. Resigned, 
 to take effect April 1, 1870. 
 
 ANDREW G. CURTIN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, April 16, 1869. Took leave, 
 July 4, 1872. 
 EUGENE SCHUYLER, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 24, 
 
 1870. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, 
 from July 1 to September 1, 1870, and from 
 January 15, 1872, to March 18, 1873. Still in 
 office. 
 
 JAMES L. ORR, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, December 13, 1873. Died 
 at post. May 6, 1873. 
 MARSHALL JEWELL, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, May 29, 1873. Resigned. 
 GEORGE H. BOKER, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, January 13, 1875. 
 GRATIOT WASHBURNE : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December, 
 1875. 
 
 SALVADOR. 
 
 E. GEORGE SQUIER, of New York, (Cliarge d'Af- 
 faires to Guatemala ) : 
 Empowered May 1, 1849, to negotiate a Treaty of 
 Commerce and Navigation. Jonx Si.idei.l, of 
 Louisiana, was Commissioned Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, March 39, 
 1853, but declined. John Ei.tas Warren was 
 commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 6, 
 1853, but declined. 
 SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. Also accredit- 
 ed to Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and 
 Nicaragua, but did not present his credentials 
 to the government of Salvador. He left Nica- 
 ragua, April 17, 1854. Resigned, to take effect 
 June 30, 1854. 
 FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 38, 
 1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in 
 Chili, August 3, 1854. 
 JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident April 16, 1863. 
 Left on leave, the latter part of March, 
 1866. 
 A. S. WILLIAMS, of Michigan : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 16, 1866. 
 Took leave, October 37, 1869. 
 ALFRED T. A. TORBERT, of Delaware : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1869. 
 Returned on leave. May 10, 1871. Appointed 
 Consul-Oeneral at Havana, July 10, 1871. 
 THOMAS BIDDLE, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 10, 1871. 
 Took leave, June 30, 1873. Mission consolidat- 
 ed with Missions to other Central American 
 States, July 1, 1873. 
 
608 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873, 
 to talce effect July 1, 1873. Also accredited to 
 Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicara- 
 gua. Still in office. 
 
 SARDINIA. 
 
 H. GOLD ROGERS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Chargi' d' Affaires, June 30, 1840. 
 Left, November 32, 1841. 
 AMBROSE BARER, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Aiiaires, August 16, 1841. 
 Left, December 1.5, 1843. 
 ROBERT WICKLIFFE, Ju., of Kentucky ; 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Aiiaires, September 23, 
 1843. Wrote to Minister of Foreign Affairs 
 from Aix-laChapelle, inclosing letter of recall, 
 a bout May 6, 1848. 
 NATHANIEL NILES, of Vermont : 
 
 Special Agent. Appointed, May 3, 1838, concern- 
 ing general trade and the admission of tobac- 
 co. Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 4, 
 1848. Left, August 30, 1850. 
 WILLIAM B. KINNEY, of New Jersey : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 23, 1830. 
 Left, October 8, 1853. Richard K. Meade, 
 of Virginia, was commissioned Charge d'Af- 
 faires, Mav 34, 1S53, but declined, June 5. 
 JOHN M. DANIEL, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, July 33, 1853. 
 Commissioned Minister-Re.sident, June 39, 1854. 
 Presented credentials as such about September 
 4, 1854. Presented letter of recall, through 
 private secretary, March 3, 1861. 
 ROMAINE DILLON, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 34, 
 1861. Acted as Charge, d'Affaires ad interim 
 from April 16 to June 23, 1861. Removed, 
 March 30, 1863. 
 
 SAXONY. 
 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary, and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prus- 
 sia ) : 
 
 Empowered, November 18, 1843, to negotiate a 
 treaty for the abolition of droit d'attbaine and 
 taxes on emigration. 
 
 SUM. 
 
 EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Special Agent, January 36, 1833. 
 TOWN SEND HARRIS, of New York (Consul-Qen- 
 eral to Japan) : 
 Empowered, September 8, 1855, to negotiate a 
 Treaty of Commerce. 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 20, 1790. 
 Left, September 5, 1794. Died at Madrid, Feb- 
 ruary 9, 1795. 
 WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia, and WILLIAM 
 CARMICHAEL, of Maryland : 
 Commissioned Commissioners Plenipotentiary, 
 March 18, 1793, to treat jointly concerning the 
 navigation of the Mississippi, boundary, com- 
 merce, etc. Their powers were conferred on 
 Mr. Shout after he was made Minister-Resi- 
 dent. 
 WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia : ■ 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 38, 1794. 
 Functions ceased about July 2, 1795. Left 
 Madrid for Paris, October 30,'l795. 
 THOMAS PINCKNEY, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary, November 
 
 24, 1794. Left Madrid for Paris about Novem- 
 ber 1, 1793. 
 DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, May 30, 
 1796. Left, about December 38, 1801. 
 CHARLES PINCKNEY, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 6, 
 1801. Took leave, October 35, 1805. 
 JOHN GRAHAM, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 31, 
 1801. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 - from November 7, 1803, to February — , 1803. 
 Left about March 33, 1804. 
 JAMES MONROE, of Virginia, and CHARLES 
 PINCKNEY, of South Carolma : 
 Mr. Monroe, who was then Envoy Extraordina- 
 ry and Minister Plenipotentiary at London, and 
 Mr. Pinckney, commissioned Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary at Madrid, January 13, 1803, were 
 confided with a Joint mission to treat concern- 
 ing the security of the rights and interests of 
 the United States in the Mississippi River and 
 the territories east thereof. Not succeeding, 
 Monroe left Madrid for London, May 36, and 
 PiNCKNEY took leave, October 35, 1805. 
 JAMES MONROE, of Virginia (Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great 
 Britain) : 
 Commissioned Minister Extraordinary and Pleni- 
 potentiary, October 14, 1804, with authority to 
 conclude a treaty concerning boundaries of 
 Louisiana, the cession to the United States of 
 any other adjoining territories eastward there- 
 of, and concerning claims. Lett Madrid for 
 London, May 36, 1805. James Bowdoin, 
 of Massachusetts, commissioned Minister Plen- 
 ipotentiary, November 33, 1804. {See be- 
 low. ) 
 GEORGE W. ERVING, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 
 33, 1804. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad inter- 
 im from January 13, 1805. (Direct and official 
 relations with Spain were broken off in 1808 
 and not renewed until 1814. Mr. Erving, 
 however, remained until February, 1810.) 
 JOHN ARMSTRONG, of New York (Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to France), and JAMES BOWDOIN, of 
 Massachusetts : 
 Commissioned Commissioners Plenipotentiary 
 and Extraordinary, March 17, 1806, to treat 
 jointly and severally concerning territories, 
 wrongful captures, condemnations, and other 
 injuries. Did not go to Madrid, but conducted 
 negotiations at Paris. Negotiations unsuccess- 
 ful. 
 GEORGE W. ERVING, of Massachusetts: 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, August 
 10, 1814. Took leave, April 39, 1819. 
 THOMAS L. L. BRENT, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 15, 
 1814. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from April 15 to May 8, 1830, and from No- 
 vember 16, 1830, to August 17, 1831. Left, 
 August 19, 1823. 
 JOHN FORSYTH, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiarv, February 
 16, 1819. Took leave, March 2, 1833. 
 JOHN J. APPLETON, of Mas.sachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 8, 1822. 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from 
 March 2 to December 4, 1823. Left, November 
 23, 1834. 
 HUGH NELSON, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 15, 1833. Took leave, July 10. Left Madrid, 
 July 14, 1825. 
 ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts : 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 609 
 
 Plenipotentiary, March 9, 1825. Took leave, 
 July 27. 1829. 
 JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 8, 
 1835 ; appointed Secretary of Legation at Paris. 
 CHARLES S. WALSH, of Penn.sylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 17, 
 1828. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad intenm 
 from July 27 to Decemher 9, 1829. Died iu 
 Spain, May 13, 1833. 
 CORNELIUS P. VAN NESS, of Vermont : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1829. Took leave, De- 
 cemlx-r 21,183(5. 
 ARTHUR MIDDLETON, jR.,of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 10, 
 1833. No appropriation was made in 1835 for 
 Secretary of Legation at Madrid. May 14,1835, 
 James O. Hakkison was commissioned as Sec- 
 retary of Legation, but declined. March 16, 
 1836, Mr, Middleton, was re-commissioned. 
 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from De- 
 cember 21, 1836, to about April, 1837, and from 
 April 30 to November 5, 1840, when hia func- 
 tions ceased. 
 WILLIAM T. BARRY, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 10, 1835. Died before 
 reaching his post. 
 JOHN H. EATON, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 16, 1836. Left Madrid, 
 Mav 1,1840. 
 AARON VAIL, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 30, 1840. 
 Functions ceased, August 1, 1842. 
 WASHINGTON IRVING, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 10, 1843. Took leave, 
 July 29,1840. 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Jr., of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 4, 
 
 1843. Joseph G. Coggswell, of New York, 
 commissioned as Secretary of Legation, March 
 4, 1842, but declined. Mr. Hamilton acted as 
 Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about Sep- 
 tember 6 to November 30, 1843. Resigned, 
 July 4. 1844. 
 
 JASPER H. LIVINGSTON, of New York: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 14, 
 
 1844. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from about July 27 to about December 7, 1844. 
 Resigned, March 33, 1846. 
 
 ROMULUS M. SAUNDERS, of North Carolina: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 35, 1846. Took leave, 
 September 24, 1849. 
 
 THOMAS C. REYNOLDS, of South Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 13, 
 1846. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from about May 5 to about October 16,1847. 
 Services terminated, July 33, 1848. 
 
 FREDERICK A. SAWYER, of Louisiana: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 3, 1848. 
 Left, November 7, 1849. 
 
 DANIEL M. BARRINGER, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, June 18, 1849. Took leave, 
 September 4, 1853. 
 
 HORATIO J. PERRY, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 5, 1849. 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 to October, 1853 ; from September 4 to October 
 22, 1853 : from February 3 to June 17, 1855 ; 
 removed by letter dated May 36, 1855 ; recom- 
 missioned, April 30, 1861. Acted as Charge 
 d'Affaires ad interim from June 5 to July 13, 
 1861 ; from December 18, 1861, to November 4, 
 
 39 
 
 1862; from June 16 to September 20, 1863; 
 from July 19, 1864, to September 30, 1865 ; and 
 from October 4 to November 13, 1867. Re- 
 moved, 1869. 
 
 PIERRE SOULfi, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, April 7, 1853. Took leave, Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1855. John C. Breckenridge, of 
 Kentucky, commissioned Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary, January 16, 1855, 
 but declined. 
 
 AUGUSTUS C. DODGE, of Iowa : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, February 9, 1855. Took leave, 
 March 12, 1859. 
 
 BUCKINGHAM SMITH, of Florida : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 5, 1855. 
 Suspended by letter dated September 1, 1858. 
 Services terminated, October 10, 1858. 
 
 WILLIAM PRESTON, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, December 15,1858. Took leave. 
 May 24, 1861. 
 
 ROBERT WICKLIFFE WOOLEY, of Kentucky : 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December 
 23, 1858. Actedas Charge d'Affaires adinterim 
 from August 19 to September 30, 1859 ; from 
 November 15 to December 3, 1859 ; and from 
 March 7 to October 23, 1860. Green Clay, of 
 Kentucky, was commissioned as Secretary of 
 Legation, March 30, 1861, but declined. Mr. 
 Preston, on retiring. May 24, 1861, left the 
 archives of the Legation in the custody of Mr. 
 J. De Haviland, who was relieved, June 5, 
 1861, bv Mr. Perry. 
 
 CARL SCHURZ, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, March 28, 1861. Resigned, 
 April 15, 1862. Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky, 
 was commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, March 14, 1861, but 
 did not go, and on the 28th was appointed to 
 Russia. 
 
 GUSTAVUS KCERNER, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiarv, June 14, 1863. Resigned, De- 
 cember 28, 1864. 
 
 JOHN P. HALE, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenijiotentiary, March 10,1865. Took leave, 
 Julv 29, 1869. 
 
 DANIEL E. SICKLES, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, May 15, 1869. Resigned, De- 
 cember 30, 1873, and delivered archives to Sec- 
 retary of Legation, February 4, 1874. 
 
 JOHN HAY, of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 38, 
 1869. Resigned, to take effect October 1, 1870. 
 
 ALVEY A. ADEE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 9, 1870. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim 
 from June 31 to October 20, 1871 ; from No- 
 vember 28, 1871, to May 38, 1873, and from 
 February 4, 1874. Still in charge. 
 
 CALEB GUSHING, of Virginia: 
 
 Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, January 6, 1874. Still in office. 
 
 STATES OF THE CHURCH. 
 J. L. MARTIN, of North Carolina : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 7,, 1848. 
 Died at post, August 26, 1848. 
 LEWIS CASS, Jr., of Michigan ; 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 5,, 1849. 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 39, 1854. 
 Presented credentials as such, November 9, 
 1854. Took leave, November 37, 1858. 
 
610 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 JOHN P. STOCKTON, of New Jersey : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 15, 1858. 
 Took leave. May 33, 1861. 
 ALEXANDER W. RANDALL, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 6, 1861. 
 Left post about August 4, 1863. 
 RICHARD M. BLATCHFORD, of New York ; 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 9, 1863. 
 Left post and resigned in the United States, 
 October 6, 1863. 
 EUFUS KING, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, October?, 1863. 
 Was previously commissioned, March 33, 1861, 
 but declined. Left post, August, 1867. Re- 
 signed in the United States, January 1, 1868. 
 
 SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 
 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts (Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Prussia). 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner, March 14, 1798, 
 with authority to negotiate a treaty of com- 
 merce. 
 JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 18, 1814. Took leave, October 16, 1818. 
 JOHN L. LAWRENCE, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, Februarys, 
 1814. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim 
 from Jxine 6, 1814, to May 19, 1815. Left in 
 Januarv, 1816, having previouslv resigned. 
 CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, Jr., of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September 
 36, 1816. Acted as Chargr d' Affaires rid interim 
 from the middle of April to December 10, 1817. 
 Was left in charge by Mr. Russell on retiring, 
 October 16, 1818, and remained until he re- 
 ceived a commission as Charge d' Affaires, Jan- 
 uary 30, 1819. Retired, July 15, 1835, having 
 been appointed Charge d'Affaires to the Nether- 
 lands. WiLLl.\M C. SoMEliVlLLE, of Mary- 
 land, commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 
 9, 1835. Received another appointment before 
 proceeding to Sweden. Died at Auxerre, 
 France, January 5, 1836. 
 JOHN J. APPLETON, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 3, 1836. 
 Left, August 20, 1830. Also acted as Chargr 
 d'Affaires ad interim from September 30, 1833, 
 to January 9, 1834. 
 CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charg'- d'Affaires, March 3, 1830. 
 Left, on leave, September 9, 1841. 
 GEORGE W. LAY, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charg.^. d'Affaires, May 12, 1843. 
 Successor presented, October 39, 1845. 
 HENRY W. ELLSWORTH, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 19, 1845. 
 Left, July 35, 1849. 
 C. D. ARFWEDSON, of Sweden : 
 
 Consul at Stockholm. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 ad interim, July 25, 1849, to April 35, 1850. 
 FRANCIS SCHROEDER, of Rhode Island : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, November 7, 
 1849 ; commissioned Minister-Resident, June 
 29, 1854. Presented credentials as such, August 
 19, 1854. Left, September 17, 1857. 
 BENJAMIN F. ANGEL, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 17, 1857. 
 Took leave, June 25, 1861. 
 JACOB S. HALDEMAN, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 16, 1861. 
 Took leave, September 25, 1864. 
 JAMES H. CAMPBELL, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 18, 1864. 
 Took leave, March 39, 1867. 
 JOHN McGINNIS, Jr., of Illinois : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 16, 
 
 1866. On his arrival at Paris he learned that 
 his nomination was rejected by the Senate, and 
 he returned. 
 JOSEPH J. BARTLETT, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 19, 1867. 
 Took leave, July 34, 1869. 
 C. C. ANDREWS, of Minnesota . 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 3, 1869. 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio : 
 
 Special Agent. Empowered, June 15, 1850, to 
 negotiate concerning friendship, commerce, ex- 
 tradition, etc. 
 THEODORE S. FAY, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 16, 1853. 
 Took leave, July 1, 1861. 
 GEORGE G. FOGG, of New Hampshire : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 28, 1861. 
 Took leave, October 16, 1865. 
 GEORGE HARRINGTON, of Georgia : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 7, 1865. 
 Took leave, July 30, 1869. 
 HORACE RUBLEE, of Wisconsin : 
 
 Conmiissioned Minister-Resident, April 20, 1869. 
 Still in office. 
 CHARLES H. UPTON, of Massachusetts : 
 
 Consul at Geneva. Acted as Charge d'Affaires 
 ad interim from April 15 to May 10, 1^71, and 
 from AprU 3 to June 37, 1873. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 ALCfeE LA BRANCHE, of Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 7, 1837. 
 Resigned and left, April 3, 1840. 
 GEORGE H. FLOOD, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 16, 1840. 
 Recalled, April 10, 1841, and left, July 31, 1841. 
 JOSEPH EVE, of Kentucky : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 15, 1841. 
 Left, June 10, 1843. 
 WILLIAM S. MURPHY, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Charge. d'Affaires, April 10, 1843. 
 Died at Galveston, July 13, 1844. 
 TILGHMAN A. HOWARD, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 11, 1844. 
 Died at Washington, Texas, August 16, 1844. 
 ANDREW J. DONELSON, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 16, 
 1844. Left, August 9, 1845. 
 
 TRIPOLI. 
 
 DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut : 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner Plenipotentiary, 
 March 30, 1795, to negotiate concerning amity 
 and commerce, with power to appoint agents. 
 He designated Joel Barlow and Joseph Don- 
 aldson, Jr., as agents, to conclude the treaty. 
 Negotiations were completed by Mr. Barlow. 
 TOBIAS LEAR, of New Hampshire (Consul-General 
 for Algiers) : 
 Empowered, November 18, 1803, to negotiate 
 concerning peace, friendship, and navigation. 
 
 TUNIS. 
 
 DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut-. 
 
 Commissioned Commissioner Plenipotentiary, 
 March 30, 1795, to negotiate concerning amity 
 and commerce, with power to appoint agents. 
 He appointed Joel Barlow his ngent in the 
 business, and a treaty was concluded through 
 the intervention of JOSEPH Etienne Famin. 
 
 RICHARD O'BRIEN, of ((Vnsul-General for 
 
 Algiers); WILLIAM EATON (Consul for Tunis); 
 
 and JAMES L. CATHCART (Consul for Tripoli): 
 
 Empowered, December 18, 1798, to modify the 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 611 
 
 treaty of August, 1797, especially the four- 
 teenth article. 
 S. D. HEAP, of Pennsylvania (Acting Consul): 
 
 Concluded. February 24, 1824, a treaty modifying 
 that of August, 1797. 
 
 TURKEY. 
 JAMES BIDDLE, Commodore; DAVID OFFLEY 
 (Consul at Smyrna); and CHARLES RHIND, of 
 Pennsylvania: 
 
 Were empowered, September 12, 1829, to nego- 
 tiate a treaty of commerce. Willi.^m Smith, 
 of South Carolina, Minister Plenipotentiary to 
 Portugal, commissioned Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary, February 11, 
 1799, but did not go. 
 NICHOLAS NAVONI, of Constantinople : 
 
 Commissioned Dragoman, or Interpreter, March 
 3, 1831. 
 DAVID PORTER, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Aifaires, April 15. 1831. 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 3, 1839. 
 Presented credentials as such. May 23, 1840. 
 Died at his post, March 3, 1843. 
 M^ILLIAM B. HODGSON, of Virginia : 
 
 Commi.^sioiied Dragoman, March 23, 1832. 
 JOHN P. BROWN, of Ohio: 
 
 Commissioned Dragoman, April 19, 1836, and 
 August 29, 1842. Sa.muei, D. He.\p, commis- 
 sioned Dragoman, September 21, 1841. Mr. 
 Brown acted as Charge d'Aflfaires, ad interim, 
 from March 3, 1843, to January 1.5, 1844; from 
 August 6, 1845, to June 25, 184G ; from May 
 19, to about October 1, 1849; from November 
 21, 1849, to March 11, 1850 ; from July 13, to 
 about September 18, 1851 ; from July 30, 1852, 
 to July 5, 1853; from December 19, 1853, to 
 February 9, 1854; and from December 12, 
 
 1857, to May 27, 1858. Was appointed Secre- 
 tary and Dragoman as below. 
 
 DABNEY S. CARR, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister - Resident, October 6, 
 1843. Left post, October 20, 1849. 
 GEORGE P. MARSH, of Vermont : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 29, 1849. 
 Took leave, December 19, 1853. 
 HENRY A. HOMES, of MassachuseUs: 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation and Assist- 
 ant Dragoman, March G, 1851. Acted as 
 Charge d'Affaires. ad interim, from about 
 February 18, to July 12, 1851. 
 CARROLL SPENCE, of Maryland: 
 
 Commissioned Minister - Resident, August 23, 
 1853. Empowered, May 24, 1855, to negotiate 
 with Persia. Took leave, December 12, 1857. 
 JAMES WILLIAMS, of Tennessee: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 14, 
 
 1858. Took leave. May 25, 1861. Jambs Wat- 
 son Webb, of New York, commissioned Min- 
 ister-Resident, March 20, 1861, but declined. 
 
 JOHN P. BROWN, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation and Drago- 
 man, September 23, 1858. Acted as Charge 
 d'Affaires, ad interim, from May 25, to August 
 9, 1861; from May 18. to August 20, 1864; 
 and from June 10, 1871, to March 8, 1872, 
 when he died at his post. 
 EDWARD JOY MORRIS, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Mini.ster-Resident, June 8, 1801. 
 Took leave, October 25, 1870. 
 WAYNE Mac'VEAGH, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 4, 1870, 
 Left on leave, June 10, 1871. Resigned in the 
 United States, September 2, 1871. 
 GEORGE H. BOKER, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 3, 
 1871. Transferred to Russia. 
 J. H. GOODENOW, of Maine • 
 
 Commissioned Secretary of Legation and Consul- 
 General, November 13, 1864. By act approved 
 February 22, 1873, it was enacted that the 
 Consul-General shall also be Secretary of 
 Legation, Still in office. 
 A. A. GARGUILO, of Constantinople : 
 
 Commissioned Interpreter to Legation, July 1, 
 1«73. StUl in office. 
 HORACE MAYNARD, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 9, 1875. 
 
 TWO SICILIES. 
 WILLIAM PINKNEY, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, April 
 23, 1816, to obtain indemnity for losses sus- 
 tained by American citizens by the seizure 
 and confiscation of their property by the Nea- 
 politan government. 
 JOHN NELSON, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, October 24, 
 1831. Left post, aljout October 15, 1832. 
 AUGUST DAVEZAC, of Louisiana (Cliarge d'Affaires 
 at the Hague) : 
 
 Empowered, January 30, 1833, to negotiate treaty 
 of general commerce. Took leave, and re- 
 turned to the Hague, about February 19, 1834. 
 ENOS T. THROOP, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 6, 
 1838. Left, January 12, 1S42. 
 WILLI.AM BOULWARE, of Virginia : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 13, 
 1841. Left, June 19, 1845. 
 WILLIAM H. POLK, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Aifaires, March 13, 1845. 
 Left about May 1, 1847. Resigned in United 
 States, August '31, 1847. 
 ALEXANDER HAMMETT, of Maryland: 
 
 Consul at Naples. Acted as Charge d'Affairs, ad 
 interim, from about May 1, 1847, to June 29, 
 1S48. 
 JOHN ROWAN, of Kentucky: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 3, 
 1848. Left about January 1, 1850. 
 THOMAS W. CHINN, of_ Louisiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 5, 1849 ; 
 resigned about October, 1849. James M. 
 Power, of Pennsylvania, was commissioned, 
 November 1, 1849, but declined. 
 EDWARD JOY MORRIS, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 10, 
 1850. Left, August 26, 1853. 
 ROBERT DALE OWEN, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853. 
 Commissioned Minister - Resident, June 29, 
 1854. Presented credentials as such, Septem- 
 ber 20, 1854. Took leave, September 20, 1858. 
 JOSEPH R. CHANDLER, of Pennsylvania: 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 15, 1858. 
 Left about November 15, 1860. 
 
 URUGUAY. 
 JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia (Charge d'Af- 
 faires to the Argentine Republic), and Robert C. 
 SCHENCK, of Ohio (Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary to Brazil) : 
 Empowered, April 27, 1852, to negotiate a treaty 
 of commerce. 
 ALEXANDER ASBOTH, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 5, 1867. 
 Also accredited to Argentine Republic. Died at 
 Buenos Ayres, January 21, 1868. 
 H. G. WORTHINGTON, of Nevada : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 25, 1868. 
 Also accredited to Argentine Repnublie. Took 
 leave, July 8, 1869. 
 ROBERT C. KIRK, of Ohio : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 5, 1809. 
 Also accredited to Argentine Republic. Took 
 
613 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 leave of Government of Uruguay, July 6, 
 1870. 
 JOHN L. STEVENS, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 25, 1870. 
 Also accredited to Paraguay. Left ou leave. 
 May 19, 1873. Resigned, November 15, 1873. 
 JOHN C. CALDWELL, of Maine : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 8, 
 1874. Also accredited to Paraguay. Still in 
 office. 
 
 VENEZEULA. 
 
 JOHN G. A. WILLIAMSON, of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 3, 1835. 
 Died at his post, August 7, 1840. 
 ALLEN A. HALL, of Tennessee : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'AfEaires, March 15, 1841. 
 Services terminated about November 29, 1844. 
 VESPASIAN ELLIS, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Cliarge d' Affaires, September 30, 
 1844. Left, August 1, 1845. 
 BENJAMIN G. SHIELDS, of Alabama : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 14, 1814. 
 Left, January 7, 1850. 
 ISAAC NEVITT STEELE, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Charge d'AfEaires, about Decem- 
 ber 6, 1849. Left, October 14, 1853. 
 CHARLES EAMES, of the District of Columbia : 
 Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 9, 
 1854. Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 
 29, 1854. Presented credentials as such, Sep- 
 tember 2, 1854. Left, September 14, 1858. 
 EDWIN A. TURPIN, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 15, 1858. 
 Took leave, Novemlier 16, 1861. 
 HENRY T. BLOW, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 8, 1861. 
 Left on leave about February 23, 1863, and re- 
 quested William Sturup, Consul- General of 
 Denmark, to receive for the United States all 
 sums of money due from Venezuela on ac- 
 count of claims of citizens of the United 
 States. 
 E. D. CULVER, of New York : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 12, 1863. 
 Left about May 7, and resigned, to take effect 
 June 30, 1866. 
 JAMES WILSON, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 31, 1866. 
 Died at his post, August 8, 1867. 
 THOMAS N. STILWELL, of Indiana : 
 
 Commissioned Minister - Resident, August 80, 
 1867. Left for the United States, June 6, 1868. 
 ERASTUS C. PRUYN, of New York : 
 
 Commercial agent at Caracas. Acted as Charfre 
 
 d'Affaires ad interim from Jime6, 1868, to July 
 
 8, 1869. 
 JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1869. 
 
 Left on leave. May 9, 1870, placing archives of 
 
 Legation in charge of William Stobup, Con- 
 
 sul-General, Denmark. Mr. Paktkidge was 
 
 appointed Minister to Brazil. 
 WILLIAJSI A. PILE, of Missouri : 
 
 Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 23, 1871. 
 
 Resigned in 1874. 
 
 WtJRTEMBERG. 
 
 HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Brussia) : 
 Empowered, November 18, 1843, to negotiate 
 concerning the abolition of driAt d'auhaine and 
 taxes on emigration. 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) : 
 Empowered to negotiate treaties of naturaliza- 
 tion and extradition. 
 
 CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 The Consuls who held office in 1875 numbered 
 about nine hundred, and the list of all who had pre- 
 viously been appointed would make a large volume. 
 The Statutes of the United States classify the Consu- 
 lates-General, Consulates, and Commercial Agencies 
 into three classes : 1. Those who receive a fixed 
 salary, and are not allowed to transact business. 
 3. Those who receive a fixed salary and are allowed 
 to transact business. 3. All other Consulates, the 
 incumbents of which are compensated by the fees 
 collected in their offices, and are allowed to transact 
 business. The compensation of salaried Consuls is 
 limited to the amount of the salary (out of which the 
 officer must defray the expenses of clerk-hire), except 
 that Consuls whose salaries do not exceed $1,500, 
 and from whose Consulates mthout the agencies fees 
 are paid into the Treasury to the amount of $3,000 a 
 year, are compensated at $3,000 a year. The com- 
 pensation of the feed Consuls is limited to .$3,500, if 
 the fees exceed that sum ; such Consuls can pay 
 clerk-hire from the fees received at the consulate 
 when thereto specially authorized, but not other- 
 wise. It is the usual practice for the agent to retain 
 one-half the fees of the agency until the sum retain- 
 ed by him amounts to $1,000. This rule is not uni- 
 versal as regards the proportion, hut the maximum 
 of $1,000 cannot be exceeded. The Consul is entitled 
 to retain not more than $1,000 a year in the aggre- 
 gate from the agencies under his consulate. 
 
 DIPLOMATIC AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM FOREIGN COTJNTRIES. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND ARGENTINE 
 CONFEDERATION. 
 
 CARLOS MARIA DE ALVEAR, Mini.ste tPlenipoten- 
 tiary from the Republic of Buenos Ayres : 
 
 Was received at the Department of State, October 
 9, 1834, but retired on the 21st of the same 
 month. On October 11, 1838, he presented 
 credentials as Minister Plenipotentiary and 
 Extraordinary of the Argentine Confeder- 
 acy. 
 DOMINGO F. SARMIENTO, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, November 9, 18G5. An- 
 nounced departure on leave, July 8, 1865. 
 BARTOLOMfi MITRE Y VEDIA, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 
 6 to November 30, 1867, and from July 8 to 
 March 16, 18G9. 
 MANUEL RAFAEL GARCIA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, March 16, 1869. Still ac- 
 credited. 
 CARLOS CARRANZA, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ctd interim from No- 
 vember 11, 1872, to October 28, 1873. 
 
 AUSTRIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 
 BARON DE MARftSCHAL, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, October 13, 1838. Took 
 leave, October 21, 1841. 
 CHEVALIER UULSEMANN, Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim : 
 From October 21, 1841, to December 5, 1855, 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 013 
 
 when lie presented credentials as Minister- 
 Resident. Embarked for Europe on leave 
 June 4, 1863, leaving the affairs of the Lega- 
 tion in charge of Chaeles L. Loosey, Austrian 
 Consul -General. 
 COUNT NICHOLAS GIORGI, Minister-Resident : 
 Presented credentials, August 30, 1863. Died in 
 New York, November 8, 1864. 
 COUNT WYDENBRUCK, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary ; 
 Presented credentials, March 15, 1865. Left on 
 leave, September, 1867. 
 BARON DE FRANCKENSTEIN, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 
 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Sep- 
 tember, 1867, until the arrival of the new- 
 Minister. 
 BARON CHARLES DE LEDERER, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 4, 1868. Still 
 accredited. 
 LADISLAS HENGLMtJLLER DE HENGERVIr, 
 Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from April 
 28 to September 4, 1872. 
 CHEVALIER E. VON TAVERA, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acting as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, May 29, 
 1875. 
 COUNT LADISLAUS HOYOS, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 26, 1875. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 BARON DfiSIRE BEHR, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 6, 18H3. Announced 
 intention of returning to Europe on leave, June 
 6, 1837. The Legation remained in charge of 
 H. G. T. M.\LI, Belgian Consul at New York, 
 until the arrival of Mr. Sekruys. 
 CHARLES SERRUYS, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 23, 1838. Re- 
 called, September 23, 1845. 
 BARON BEAULIEU, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 9, 1846. Left on 
 leave, August 5. 1848. A. MoxHET, Belgian Con- 
 sul at New York, remained in charge of the 
 Legation until the arrival of successor. 
 HENRY ^BOSCH SPENCER, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 Arrived in Washington in March, 18.50. An- 
 nounced intention of visiting Europe, July 2, 
 
 1853. A. T. KiECKHOBPER, Chancellor of the 
 Legation, remained in charge until April 15, 
 1854. 
 
 HENRI SOLVYNS, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Was received by the Secretary of State, April 15, 
 
 1854. Transmitted letter of recall, August 9, 
 1855. 
 
 HENRI BOSCH SPENCER, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 5, 1855. Era- 
 barked for Europe, September 11, 1858, leav- 
 ing H. W. T. M.\LI, Belgian Cousul-General, at 
 New York, in charge of the Legation. 
 BLONDEEL VAN CUELEBROECK, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 10, 1859. Left 
 about Januarv 1, 1865. 
 MAURICE DELFO'SSE, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 25, 1865. Pre- 
 sented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, May 21, 1873. Still 
 accredited. 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 J0S6 SELVESTRE REBELLO, Charge d'Affaires : 
 Presented credentials. May 36, 1834. Took leave, 
 bv letter, September 1, 1829. 
 JOSfi DE ARANJO RIBEIRO, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 First note to the Secretary of State, September 
 3, 1839. Left the United States the last of 
 February, 1833. 
 MANOEL GUITHERME DOS REIS, Consul-General : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Feb- 
 ruary to December 31 , 1833. 
 JOSfi FRANCISCO De PAULA CAVALCANTI de 
 ALBUQUERQUE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 31, 1833. Took 
 leave July 23, 1838. 
 ERNESTO FERREIRA FRANCA, Minister-Resident: 
 Presented credentials, July 23, 1838. Took leave, 
 October 28, 1839. 
 PEDRO RODRIGUES FERNANDES CHAVES, 
 Charge d'Affaires; 
 
 Presented credentials, March 17, 1840. Mission 
 ended, May 29, 1841. 
 CASPAR JOSE i)E LISBOA, Minister-Resident : 
 Presented credentials. May 39, 1841. Presented 
 credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiarv, September 13, 1845. Took 
 leave, Julv33, 1847. 
 FfiLIPE JOSi; PEREIRA LEAL, Secretary of Le- 
 gation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d' .affaires ad interim from July 
 32, 1847, to March 9, 1849. 
 SERGIO TEXEIRA dk M.\CED0, Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, March 12, 1849. Left on 
 leave in June, 1851. Took final leave, by let- 
 ter, from Brazil, Septembers, 1851. 
 ANTONIO JOSfi DUARTE de ARANJO GONDIM, 
 Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 to November, 1851. 
 LUIS PEREIRA SODRft, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 From November, 1851, to September 21, 1853. 
 FRANCISCO IGNACIO de CARVALHO MOREIRA 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 Presented credentials, September 21, 1852. Took 
 leave, August 1, 1855. 
 FRANCISCO XAVIER da COSTA AGUIAR DE 
 ANDRADA, Attache: 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from August 
 1, 1855, to May 39, 1856. 
 JOSE FRANCISCO de PAULA CAVALCANTI de 
 ALBUQUERQUE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials. May 29, 1856. Gave notice 
 of intended temporary absence, August 26, 1858. 
 ANTONIO PEDRO de CARVALHO BORGES, Sec- 
 retary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au- 
 gust 36, 1858, to October 3, 1859. 
 MIGUEL MARIA LISBOA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 8, 1859. Gave 
 notice of his intended departure, on leave, 
 April 38, 1864. His letter of recall delivered 
 by successor, September 33, 1865. 
 LUIS AUGUSTO de PADUA FLEURY, Attache : 
 Afterward Secretary of Legation. Acted as 
 Charge d'Affaires ad interim from April 28 to 
 May 37, 1864; from August 13 to December 31, 
 1867 ; and from October 13, 1870 to October 9, 
 1871. 
 IGNACIO DE AVELLAR BARBOZA DA SILVA , 
 Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from May 
 1864, to September 33, 1865. 
 JOAQUIM MARIA NASCENTES de AZAMBUJA, 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiarv : 
 Presented credentials, September 33, 1865. Too'i 
 leave, May 17, 1867. 
 HENRIQUE CAVALCANTI de ALBUQUERQUE, 
 Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Jan- 
 uary 23, to July 5, 1867. 
 
G14 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 DOMINGOS JOSfi GONSALVES de MAGAL- 
 HAEXS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary: 
 
 Presented credentials, July 5, 1867. Announced 
 intention of returning, on leave, October 18, 
 1870. 
 ANTONIO PEDRO De CARVALHO BORGES, En- 
 voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; 
 Presented credentials, October 9, 1871. Stiil ac- 
 credited. 
 
 BRUNSWICK AND LUNEBURG. 
 
 JULIUS SAMSON, Consul at Mobile: 
 
 Empowered, 18.54, as Plenipotentiary to nego- 
 tiate a treaty concerning the disposal of property. 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICA. 
 
 MANUEL I. ARCE and JUAN M. RODRIGUEZ, 
 Commissioners: 
 
 Presented credentials, September 10, 1833. 
 ANTONIO JOSE CANAZ, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, August 4, 1824. Took 
 leave, bv letter, June 24, 1826. 
 PEDRO GONZALEZ, Charge d'Aifaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, November 14, 1826. Took 
 leave, by letter, from New York, March 16, 
 1828. 
 
 CHILI. 
 
 JOAQUIM CAMPINO, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 
 Presented credentials, March 6, 1828. Took 
 leave, June 3, 1829. 
 MANUEL CARVELLO, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 Pres(^ted credentials, February 18, 1884. Took 
 leafve, July 7, 188.5. Mil. Carvei.lo was ac- 
 credited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, and presented credentials as 
 sucli, August 17, 1846. Withdrew, on leave, 
 Januarv 9, 1854. 
 JUAN BELLO, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 30, 1859. Died 
 in New York, September 17, 1860. 
 F. S. ASTA BURUAGA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 22, 1861. Took leave, 
 January 28, 1867. 
 ALBERTO BLEST GANA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 28, 1867. Took 
 leave, Januarv 11, 18C8. 
 MARIANO SANCHEZ FONTECILLA, Charge d'Af- 
 faires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 12, 1868. Letter of 
 recall received at the Department of State, 
 Januarv 13, 1870. 
 JOAQUIN GODOY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiarj': 
 Presented credentials, September 9, 1870. With- 
 drew on leave, April 9, 1871. Letter of recall 
 transmitted May 18, 1872. 
 FRANCISCO GONZALEZ ERRAZURIZ, Secretary of 
 Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim from April 
 9, 1870. 
 DON ADOLFO IBANEZ, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary ; presented credentials 
 October 26, 1875. 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 ANSON BURLING AME, of United Ststes, Envoy Ex 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, and 
 CHIH-KANG and SUN CHIA-KU, of the"second 
 Chinese rank, associated High Envoys and Minis 
 ters ; 
 
 Presented credentials, June 6, 1868. 
 
 COLOMBIA.* 
 
 MANUEL TORRES, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 18, 1822, and served 
 until June 10, 1823. 
 JOSK MARIA SALAZAR, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, June 10, 1823. Functions 
 ceased June 17, 1828. Left, about July 18, 
 1829. 
 ALEJANDRO VELEZ, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Placed in charge of Legation, June 17, 1828. De- 
 partment informed, by note of August 11, 
 1828, of the withdrawal of Legation. Trans- 
 mitted his letter of recall to department, August 
 17. 
 DOMINGO ACOSTA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 2, 1832. By note 
 of May 16, 1832, he informed the department 
 that the convention at Bogota had established 
 a Constitution for New Granada. He continued 
 to act as Charge without presenting new cre- 
 dentials. Announced his intention to return 
 September 6, 1838, which is the last communi- 
 cation received from him. 
 JOAQUIN ACOSTA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 20. 1842. Announced 
 the termination of his mission, November 8, 
 1842. 
 PEDRO A. HERRAN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 7, 1847. An- 
 nounced termination of his mission, August 16, 
 1849. 
 RAFAEL RIVAS, Charg^ d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 29, 1849. Took 
 leave, June 7, 1850. 
 VICTORIANO DE DIEGO PAREDES, Charge d'Af- 
 faires : 
 Presented credentials, April 27, 1852. Services 
 terminated, about June 20, 1855. 
 PEDRO A. HERRAN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 20, 1855. Announced 
 intention to return on leave, March 3, 1863. 
 RAFAEL POMBO, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires, rid interim horn .Janu- 
 ary 19, 1860, to June 4, 1861 ; from June 16 to 
 July 21, 1863, and as Charge d'Affaires from 
 June 10 to October 11, 1872. 
 J. M. HURTADO, Commissioner and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 4, 1861. Announced 
 termination of his mission, June 16, 1863. 
 MANUEL MURILLO, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiai'v : 
 Presented credentials, July 21, 1863. Tempora- 
 rily withdrew, about February 11, 1864. 
 FRANCISCO PARRAGA, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim from about 
 February 11 to September 15, 1864. 
 EUSTORJIO SALGAR, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, September 15, 1864. Took 
 leave, August 16, 1867. Legations in foreign 
 countries yvithdrawn. 
 MANUEL MURILLO, Envoy Extraordinary : 
 
 Presented credentials, November 9, 1867. Last 
 note received from him, December 10, 1867. 
 SANTOS ACOSTA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, September 20, 1868. Took 
 leave. May 3, 1870. 
 ENRIQUE CORTES, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 * The "Republic of Columbia" con^^iftod of what was after- 
 ward linown as New Gran.ida. Venezuela, and Ecuador. In 1831 
 this republic separated iuto three republics, witii Ihoee respec- 
 tive names. In 1802 New Granada assumed the uaine of the 
 "United States of Colombia.'* 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 615 
 
 Acted as Chargi' d'Affaires ad interim from May 
 3 to August 21, 1870. 
 SANTIAGO PEREZ, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 24, 1870. Presented 
 credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, October 31, 1871. Took 
 leave, June 10, 1873. 
 CARLOS MARTIN, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, October 11, 1872. 
 SESOR DON FELIPE ZAPATA, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary, August 6, 1864 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 FELIPE MOLINA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, March 24, 1851. Died in 
 Washington, February 1, 1853. 
 LUIS MOLINA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 14, 1855. (See below.) 
 NAPOLEON ESCALANTE and LUIS MOLINA, En- 
 voys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, on a special mission of 
 friendship, November 24, 1857. Mr. Esc.\- 
 L.\NTE took leave, April 10, 1838. Mn. Molina 
 remained as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary until August 22, 1860, when 
 he transmitted his letter of recall. 
 EZEQUIEL GUTIERREZ, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 20, 1860. With- 
 drew on leave, October 28, 1868. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 PEDER BLICHER OLSEN, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Arrived in Washington about July 31, 1801. 
 President absent. Transmitted credentials to 
 the Secretary of State, August 9, 1801. Re- 
 turned on leave, July 6, 1803. 
 PEDER PEDERSON, Consul : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 6, 1803, to about June 28, 1815, when he pre- 
 sented credentials as Minister-Resident. Ad- 
 nounced intention to leave for Europe, July 31, 
 1830. 
 STEEN BILLE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Arrived in the United States about August 28, 
 1830. Took temporary leave, July 21, 1852, 
 and final leave, bv letter, March 17, 1854. 
 TORBEN BILLE, Consiil-General ; 
 
 Acted as Chargr d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 21, 1852, to March 17, 1854, when he presented 
 credentials as Charge d'Affaires. Took leave, 
 September 8, 18.57. 
 WALDEMAR RUDOLPH RAASLOFF, Charge d'Af- 
 faires : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 26, 1857. Left 
 October 15, 1862, by order of his Government, 
 on a mission to China. Legation left in charge 
 of Count Pipek, Minister-Resident of Sweden 
 and Norway. Mr. Raaslofp presented cre- 
 dentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, January 14, 1864. Left on 
 leave, July 38, 1866. 
 HARALD DALLNER. Consul at New York : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Julv 
 28, 1866, to December 28, 1867. 
 FRANTZ ERNST BILLE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 28, 1867. Pre 
 sented credentials as Minister-Resident, Septem- 
 ber 25, 1869. Appointed Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary to Stockholm. 
 Inclosed his letter of recall, August 7, 1873. 
 C. T. CHRISTBNSEN, Consul General at New York: 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 15 to December 8, 1870; from April, 1871, to 
 about July 15, 1873 ; and from August 7, 1873, 
 to January 33, 1873. 
 
 JOHAN HENRIK HEGERMAN-LINDENCRONE, 
 Charge d'Affaires : 
 Presented credentials, January 33, 1873. Still in 
 charge. 
 J. H. DB HEGERMANN-LINDENCRONE, Charge 
 d'Affaires. Absent. 
 
 ECUADOR. 
 JOSfi VILLAMIL, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 10, 1853. Took leave, 
 April 13, 1834. 
 ANTONIO FLORES, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials about December 5, 1860. 
 Informed Department, March 23, 1861, of his 
 intended departure to assume diplomatic f unc- 
 sions in Europe. Mk. Flouks presented cre- 
 dentials as Minister-Resident and Plenipoten- 
 tiary to Peace Convention, March 35, 1870. 
 Still accredited as Minister- Resident. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 COUNT DE MOUSTIER, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, February 36, 1788. "Took 
 leave, about October 9, 1789. 
 Mr. otto. Charge d'Affaires ad interim : 
 
 From about October 9, 1789, to August 13, 1791. 
 COLONEL TERNANT, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, August 13, 1791. Took 
 leave, Mav 17, 1793. 
 EDMOND C. GENET : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 17, 1793. United 
 States Government suspended diplomatic rela- 
 tions with Mr. Genet about August 15, 1793. 
 JOSEPH FAUCHET, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, February 34, 1794. Ser- 
 vice terminated, about June 1, 1795. 
 PIERRE AUGUSTE ADET, Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary : 
 Presented credentials, June — , 1795. Services 
 terminated, about December 1, 1796. 
 L. A. PICHON, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 19, 1801. Services 
 terminated, about March 37, 1805. 
 GENERAL TURREAU, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, about March 37, 1803. Ser- 
 vices terminated about January 1, 1811. 
 Mr. SERURIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, about February 21, 1811. 
 Took leave, January 33, 1816. 
 Mr. roth. Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim, from Janu- 
 ary 23 to Julv 1. 1816, and from about June 11, 
 1820, to about February 14, 1821. 
 G. HYDE NEUVILLE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Forwarded his letter of credence from New York, 
 June 18, 1816. Took leave, June 29, 1822. 
 COUNT DE MENOU, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from June 
 29, 1832, to August 3, 1824, and from July 13, 
 1827, to about July 13, 1830. 
 BARON DE MAREUIL, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, August 3, 1834. Took 
 leave by letter, June 30, 1827. 
 ROUX DE ROCHELLE, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Forwarded from New York, July 4, 1830, his 
 credentials, and also the Baron de Neuville's 
 letter of recall. Took leave, March 7, 1831. 
 Mr. SERURIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, March 7, 1831. Recalled ; 
 presented Mr. Pageot as Charge d'Affaires ad 
 interim by letter, February 33, 1835. 
 
C16 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 ALPHOXSE PAGEOT, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Chargcj d' Affaires ad interim, from Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1835, to January 2, 1836, when he 
 withdrew by order of his Government. Pre- 
 sented credentials as Charg^ d'Aiiaires, Novem- 
 ber 19, 1836. Tooli leave as such, April 14, 
 1837. Again acted as Chargi' d'Aff.iires ad in- 
 terim, from April 23, 1839, to July 3. 1840. 
 EDOUARD PONTOIS, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, April 14, 1837. Left on 
 leave, April 23, 1839. 
 LOUIS ADOLPHE AIMfi FOURIER DE BACOURT, 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary : 
 
 Presented credentials. July 3, 1840. Left on leave, 
 about August .5, 1843. 
 CHATRY DE LA FOSSE, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires f«/ interim, from about 
 August 5 to November 14, 1842. 
 ALPHONSE JOSEPH YVER PAGEOT, Minister 
 Plenipotentiary ad interim : 
 From November 14, 1843, to about January — , 
 1848. Presented credentials as Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, January 
 — , 1848 ; services terminated, March 29, 1848. 
 A. DE BOURBOULON, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Chargi' d'Affaires ad interim, from March 
 29 to August .5, 1848, and from March 3 to 
 March 18, 18.50. 
 GUILLAUME TELL LAVALLfiE POUSSIN, Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, August o, 1848. The United 
 States Government declined to hold correspon- 
 dence with Mr. Poussin, September 14, 1849. 
 ERNEST ANDRfi OLIVIER SAIN DE BOISLE- 
 COMTE, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 18, 1850. Took 
 leave, Mav 6, 1831. 
 Mr. DE GILIBERT, Chancelier : 
 
 Acted as Charge dAffairesrtd interim, from May 
 6 to Mav 39, 1851. 
 COUNT DE SARTIGES, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 29, 1851. Left, about 
 April 20, 1859. 
 GAULDREE DE BOILLEAU, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acted as Charge d Affaires ad interim, from about 
 June 9, 1855, to about April 30, 1856. 
 VISCOUNT JULES TREILHARD, Secretary of Le- 
 gation : 
 
 Acted as Charge dAffaires ad interim, from May 
 23, 1859, to July 4, 1860, and from about De- 
 cember 31, 1863, to March 3, 1864. 
 HENRI MERCIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 4, 1860. The last com- 
 munication from Mr. Mercieu, December 26, 
 1863. 
 LOUIS DE GEOFUOY, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from March 
 2, 1864, to Mav 13, 1865. 
 MARQUIS DE MONTHOLON. Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 13, 1865. Took leave, 
 December 35, 1860. 
 JULES BERTllEMY, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credejitials, December 25, 1866. Took 
 leave, December 6, 1870. 
 COUNT DE FAVEKNEY, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires rtd interim; from AprU 
 21, 1869, to about January 23, 1870. 
 PRfiVOST PARADOL, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 Presented credentials, July 16, 1870. Died in 
 
 Washington, July 19, 1870. Mr. Beethemy 
 immediatelv resumed charge of the Legation. 
 VISCOUNT JULES TREILHARD, Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 6, 1870. Took 
 leave, April 28, 1871. 
 HENRY DE BELLONNET, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from April 
 28, 1871, to Julv 34, 1873. 
 MARQUIS DE NOAILLES, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, July 24, 1873. Took leave, 
 January 30, 1874. 
 MARQUIS DE CLERMONT-TONNERRE, Secretary 
 of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires, from January 30, 1874. 
 A. BARTHOLDl, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 
 Plenipotentiary, April 7, 1874. 
 COUNT DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Secretary of 
 Legation, AprU 7, 1874. 
 
 GERMANY, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OF. 
 
 BARON VON ROENNE, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 86, 1849. Took 
 leave, February 20, 1850. 
 
 GERMANY. (See North German Unimi and Prussia.) 
 
 BARON ALVENSLEBEN, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from July 
 4 to August 1, 1871. 
 KURD VON SCHLOZER, Envoy and Minister Plen- 
 ipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 1, 1871. StUl ac- 
 
 FERDINAND STUMM, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires' ad interim, from May 
 22 to August 23, 1873. 
 BARON VON THIELMANN, ChargS d'Affaires ad 
 interim. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 GEORGE HAMMOND, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, October — , 1791. Took 
 leave, August 14, 1805. 
 PHINEAS BOND, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim; from Au- 
 gust 14, 1795, to May 12, 1796. 
 ROBERT LISTON, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary .* 
 
 Presented credentials, May 16, 1796. Took leave 
 about Noveml)er 27. 1800. 
 EDWARD THORNTON, Secretary of Legation ; 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about 
 November 37, 1800, to November 26, 1803. 
 ANTHONY MERRY, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, November 29, 1803. Took 
 leave, November 3, 1806. 
 HONORABLE DAVID M. ERSKINE, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinarv and Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 
 Presented eredeiitials, November 3, 1806. Took 
 leave, (ictnlH-r 3. 1809. 
 FRANCIS JAMES JACKSON, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 3, 1809. Recalled 
 at the request of the United States Govern- 
 ment. His passports were delivered about 
 November 11, 1809. Successor arrived in the 
 United States, August 31, 1810. 
 JOHN PHILIP MORIEli, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 August 31, ISIO. Took leave, July 2, 1811." 
 AUGUSTUS JOHN FOSTER, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 2, 1811. Services 
 terminated, June 21,1811, by the declaration 
 of war against Great Britain. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 6ir 
 
 ANTHONY ST. JOHN BAKER, Charge d'Affaire.s : 
 Presented credentials, February 22, 1815. Suc- 
 cessor arrived, Marcli 18, 1816. 
 BIGHT HONORABLE CHARLES BAGOT, Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 21, 1816. Took 
 leave, April 14, 1819. 
 GIBBS CRAWFORD ANTROBUS, Secretary of Le- 
 gation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Aflfaires ad interim from April 
 14, 1819, to October 16, 1820. 
 RIGHT HONORABLE SIR STRATFORD CAN- 
 NING, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 16, 1820. Took 
 leave of the President, .lune 24, 1828, but re- 
 mained in charge of the Legation till August 
 9, 1828, when he left the United States. 
 HENRY UNWIN ADDINGTON, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acted as Charge d'Aflairea ad interim from Au- 
 gust 9, 1828, to August 20, 182.5. 
 RIGHT HONORABLE CHARLES RICHARD 
 VAUGHAN, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials and Mr. Canning's letter 
 of recall, August 20, 1825. Left on leave, 
 May 7, 1881. Returned, March 29, 1833. Took 
 leave, September 19, 1835. 
 CHARLES BANKHEAD, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May 
 7, 1831, to March 29, 1833, and from Septem- 
 ber 20, 1885. to March 15, 1836. 
 HENRY STEPHEN FOX, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented his credentials, March 16, 1836. Took 
 leave, February 21, 1844. 
 RIGHT HONORABLE LORD ASHBURTON : 
 
 On special mission in 1842. 
 RIGHT HONORABLE RICHARD PAKENHAM, 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, February 21, 1844. Took 
 leave. Mav 21, 1847. 
 RIGHT HONORABLE SIR HENRY LYTTON BUL- 
 WER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo. 
 tentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 24, 1849. Left 
 Washington on leave, August 12, 1851. 
 JOHN FIENNES TWISLETON CRAMPTON, En- 
 voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary ; 
 As Secretary of Legation acted as Charge d'Af- 
 faires rtd interim, May 21, 1847, to December 
 24, 1849, and from August 13, 1851, to Febru- 
 ary 14, 1852, when he presented credentials 
 as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary, and also Sir Henry Buhver's letter 
 of recall. The United States Government dis- 
 continued diplomatic intercourse with him. 
 May 28, 1856, and sent him his passports ou 
 that day. 
 PHILIP GRIFFITH, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'.Affaires ad interim from July 
 4 to July 25, 1853, and from August 14 to Sep- 
 tember 8, 1854. 
 EARL OF EL(JIN AND KINCARDINE : 
 
 On Special Mission in 1854. 
 JOHN SAVILE LUMLEY, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from May 
 3 to June 8, 1855. 
 LORD NAPIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 16, 1857. Took 
 leave. April 11, 18.59. 
 RIGHT HONORABLE LORD LYONS, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, April 12, 1859. Left on 
 leave, December 5, 1864. 
 
 WILLIAM DOUGLAS IRVINE, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 
 Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 28 to October 27, 1860. 
 HONORABLE WILLIAM STUART, Secretary of 
 Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 16 to November 13, 1862, and from August 15 
 to about October 12, 1863. 
 JOSEPH HUME BURNLEY, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au- 
 gust 25 to Octol)er 26, 1864, and from Decem- 
 ber 6, 1864, to April 20, 1865. 
 HONORABLE SIR FREDERIC W. A. BRUCE: 
 
 Presented credentials, April 20, 1865. Died in 
 the United States, September 18, 1867. 
 FRANCIS CLAKE FOKD, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Aff.iires aii interim from Sep- 
 tember 5, 1S67, to Februarv 4, 1868. 
 RIGHT HONCJRABLE SIR EDWAUD THORNTON, 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, February 4, 1868. Still 
 iircrtdited. 
 EARL DE GREY AND RIPON. K. G.; Right Honor- 
 able Sir STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE, Bart., C. B.; 
 Sir EDWARD THOHNTOX, K.C.B.; Sir JOHN A. 
 
 McDonald, k.c.b. and Montague Bernard, 
 
 Enquire : 
 Empowered as High Commissioners, Procurators, 
 and Plenipotentiaries, February 16, 1871, for 
 settling the differences between the United 
 States and Great Britain. 
 LORD TENTERDEN : 
 
 Secretary of the British Commissioners in the 
 joint high commission. 
 HONORABLE FRANCIS JOHN PAKENHAM, Sec- 
 retary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 22 to December 11, 1871. 
 
 GREECE. 
 
 ALEXANDRE RIZO RANGABfi, Minister-Resident: 
 Presented credentials, June 13, 1867. Last note 
 from him dated June 2, 1868. 
 CLEON RIZO RANGABfe, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 21, 1868, to September 23, 1871. 
 
 GUATEMALA. 
 
 FELIPE MOLINA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 10, 1851. Presented 
 credentials, as Minister Plenipotentiary, June 2, 
 1852. Died in Washington, February 1, 1855. 
 ANTONIO JOSfi DE IRISARRI, Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 4, 1855. Died 
 in the United States, June 10, 1868. 
 JOSfi MARIA VELA, Charge d'Aft'aires : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 12, 18G8. Trans- 
 mitted letter of recall, October 9, 1871. 
 VICENTE DARDON, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 25, 1872. Still ac- 
 credited. 
 
 HANSEATIC REPUBLIC. 
 VINCENT RUMPFF, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Empowered, 1828, to negotiate a treaty of friend- 
 ship, commerce, and navigation, 
 
 HAWAII. 
 
 HAALILIO and WILLIAM RICHARDS, Special 
 
 Commissoners : December, 1842, appointed to 
 
 obtain from the United States a recognition 
 
 of the independence of the Sandwich Islands. 
 
 Last communication dated July 1, 1844. 
 
CIS 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 JAMES JACKSON JARVES, Special Commissioner : 
 
 Credentials dated August 24, 1849. Mr. Geukit 
 
 P. JuDD was associated with J. J. Jauves as 
 
 Special Commissioner and Envoy Extra irdi- 
 
 uary, September 10, 1849, but proceeded at 
 
 once to Europe. Last communication dated. 
 
 May 30. 1830. 
 
 WILLIAM LITTLE LEE, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 
 Minister Plenipotentiary ; 
 
 Presented credentials, July 10, 1855. Last com- 
 munication dated, September 23, 1855. 
 ELISHA II. ALLEN, Envoy Extraordinary : 
 
 Pre.-^ented credentials about August 22, 1856. 
 Took leave about March 15, 1837. 
 SCHUYLEK LIVINGSTON, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Credentials dated, Mav 28, 1859. Last communi- 
 cation dated, A|iril 20, 1860. 
 S. U. F. ODELL, Consul-General : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires from August 14,1862, 
 to February 3, 1864, and from February 23, 
 1865, to July 16, 1867. 
 ELISHA H. ALLEN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 9, 1864. Last com- 
 munication dated, February 22, 1863. 
 CHARLES C. HARRIS, Envoy " Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 16, 1867. Successor 
 was received, June 14, 1870. 
 JOHN M. SMITH, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Letter of credence received, December 11, 1868. 
 Acted until about May 27, 1869. 
 ELISHA H. ALLEN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 14, 1870. Last 
 communication dated. May 12, 1870. Returned 
 to this position iu 1875. 
 
 HAYTI. 
 
 ERNEST ROUMAIN, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials. Jlarch 3, 1863. Left, about 
 April 21,1867. 
 DEMOSTHENES BRUNO, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo- 
 ber 28, 1803,' to July 9. 1864, and from Septem- 
 ber 29, 1864, to Mav 6, 1865, and from February 
 7, 1866, to June 28,' 1867. 
 GEORGE F. USHER, Consul : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 28, 1807, to October 17, 1867. 
 GEORGE RACSTER. Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials. October 17, 1867. Took 
 leave. Marcli 22, 1869. 
 EVARISTE LAROCHE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 29, 1869. Took 
 leave, November 20, 1869. 
 ALE.XANDER TATE, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Pleiii]ii)trntiary : 
 
 Presented civd.-utials, November 20, 1869. Took 
 leave, F.-bruarv 11, 1870. 
 STEPHEN PRESTtJN, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, April 22, 1870. Presented 
 credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Plenipotentiary, February 14, 1873. Still 
 accredited. 
 
 HONDURAS. 
 
 JOSE F. BARRUNDIA, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials'. May 29, 1854. Died in 
 New York, August 4, 1854. 
 LEON ALVARADO, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Sent on a special mission of friendship. Pre- 
 sented credentials, April 16, 1857. Took his 
 departure a few days afterward. Returned on 
 March 9, 1860, and took leave the 28th of that 
 mouth. 
 
 LUIS MOLINA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials. September 24, 1860. With- 
 drew on leave, October 19, 1867. 
 IGNACIO GOMEZ, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, February 25, 1868. With- 
 drew on leave, October 24, 1869. 
 SEifOR DON VICENTE DARDON, Minister-Resi- 
 dent : 
 
 October 2, 1874. 
 
 ITALY". (See Sardinia.) 
 
 CHEVALIER JOSEPH BERTINATTI, Minister- 
 Resident : 
 April 11, 1861, Mr. Bertinatti, Minister Resi- 
 dent of Sardinia, announced the assumption, 
 by Victor Emanuel II., of llie title of King of 
 Italy, which occurred on the 17th of March 
 preceding. Presented letter of credence aa 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary, July 80, 1804. Left the United States on 
 leave, June 8, 1866. 
 ROMEO CANTAGALLI, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 8, 1860. to August 30, 1867. 
 CHEVALIER MARCELLO CERRUTI, Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 
 Presented credentials, August 30, 1867. Succes- 
 sor presented. May 13, 1870. 
 COUNT LUIGI COLOBIANO, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 2, 1869, to May 13, 1870. 
 COUNT LUIGI CORTI, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, May 13, 1870. Left on 
 leave, October 7, 1873. Still accredited. 
 COUNT ZANNINI. Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Charge d'Affaires ad interim, October 7, 1873. 
 COUNT LITTA, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Charge d'Affaires, ad interim, June 30, 1875. 
 BARON BLANC, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 November 13, 1875. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 JUGOI ARINORI MORI, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials. March 2, 1871. Left on 
 leave, March 18, 1873. 
 SIONII TOMOMI nVAKURA. Embassador Extraor- 
 dinary ; and JCSSAMI TAKAYOSSl KllH). JUS- 
 SAMi TOSSIMITSI UKUBtl, JUSllIE IIIKOBU- 
 MIE rrO.and JCSHIEMASSOUKA YAMAGUTSI, 
 Vice-Embassiulors Extraordinary : 
 
 On a Special Mission. Presented credentials, 
 March 4, 1873. Took leave, July 24, 1872. 
 SAMRO TAKAKI, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'.\ffaires ad interim, from 
 March 18 to August 9, 1873. 
 GIRO YWNO, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from 
 August 9. 1873. 
 JUSHIE: YOSHIDA KIY'ONARI, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials iu November, 1874. 
 YOSHIDA DJIRO, Secretary of Legation. 
 GIRO Y'ANO, Agent of Japan for Centennial Exhi- 
 bition. Recalled August, 1875. 
 LIBERIA. 
 
 JOHN B. PHINNEY, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 18, 1864. Services 
 terminated. May 23, 1805. 
 H. M. SCHIEFFELIN, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Transmitted credentials to Secretary of State, 
 May 23, 1865. Still in cjiarge. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 619 
 
 LUXEBURG. (See Brunswick.) 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 JOSE MANTEL DE ZOZAYA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Placed credentials in Department of State, De- 
 cember 10, 1822. Departed for New Orleans, 
 May 21, 1833. Did not resume the duties of 
 Minister. 
 JOSfi A. TORRENS, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Transmitted credentials to Secretary of State by 
 note of October 29, 1823. Services terminated, 
 November 18, 1824. 
 PABLO OBREGON, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, November 18, 1824. Died 
 at legation, September 10, 1828. 
 JOSfi MARIA MONTOYA, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from Sep- 
 tember 10, 1828, to February 16, 1830. Pre- 
 sented credentials as Charge d'Alfaires, June 6, 
 1831. Successor presented, A])ril 9, 1833. 
 JOS£ MARIA TORNEL, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, February 16, 1830. Took 
 leave. June 6, 1831. 
 AUGUSTIN ITURBIDE, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 Presented credentials, April 9, 1833. Took leave, 
 June 26, 1833. 
 JOAQUIN M. DE CASTILLO Y LANZAS, Secretary 
 of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 26, 1833, to March 24, 1836. and from October 
 15, 1836, to October 16. 1837. 
 MANUEL EDUARDO GOROSTIZA, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 24, 1836. Request- 
 ed his passports. October 1.5, 1836. 
 FRANCISCO PIZARRO MARTINEZ, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary an<l Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 16, 1837. Died in 
 United States. February 9, 1840. 
 JUAN L. ALMONTE, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credeutiais, October 27, 1842. De- 
 manded his passports, March 6, 1845, on ac- 
 count of breakina- out of hostilities. 
 LUIS DE LA ROSA, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 2, 1848. Took 
 leave, January 10, 1852. 
 JOS£ M. GONZALEZ DE LA VEGA, Secretary of 
 Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from Jan- 
 uary 10 to Mav 22, 1852. 
 MANUEL LARRAINZAR, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials". May 22, 1852. Took leave, 
 Julv 6, 1853. 
 JUAN N. "ALMONTE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 7, 1853. Took leave 
 of Secretarv of State, February 6, 1856. 
 ANGEL ITURBIDE, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from Feb- 
 ruary 6 to April 16, 1856. 
 MANUEL"R0BLES PEZUELA, Envoy Extraordina- 
 ry and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, April 16, 1856. Announced, 
 by note of 31st July, 1858, his temporary with- 
 drawal. 
 GREGORIO BARANDIARAN, Second Secretary of 
 Ligation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from about 
 August 3, 1858, to April 28, 1859. 
 JOSE MARIA MATA, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary ; 
 
 Presented credentials, April 28, 1859. Announced 
 his departure on leave, August 11, 1860. 
 MATIAS ROMERO, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from ahout 
 August 11, 1860, to about May 8, 1863, when 
 he left on leave. He presented credentials as 
 Envoy Extraordinarv and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary," October 29, 1863. Took leave, July 13, 
 1868. 
 IGNACIO MARISCAL, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from about 
 October 31, 1867, to about AprU 6, 1868. He 
 presented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary, August 11, 1869. 
 Still (iccredited. 
 MANUEL CASTILLA Y PORTUGAL, Secretary of 
 Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim, from about 
 April 14 to about June 23, 1870. 
 FRANCISCO GOMEZ PALACIO, ChargS d'Affaires 
 ad interim : 
 From about May 2, 1871, to August 4, 1873. 
 
 NETHERLANDS. 
 
 PIETER JOHAN VAN BERKEL, Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary ; 
 
 Presented credentials, October 31, 1783. Trans- 
 mitted letter of recall to Secretary of State, 
 August 25, 1788. Left United States about 
 September 3, 1788. 
 FRANCO PBTRUS VAN BERKEL, Minister Resi- 
 dent : 
 Presented credentials. May 15, 1789. Services 
 terminated about September 5, 1795. 
 R. G. VAX POLANEN, Minister Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 30, 1796. Services 
 terminated about October 18, 1802. 
 F. D. CHANGUION, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipoientiarv : 
 
 From October, 18*14, to July, 1815. 
 J. W. TEN CATE, Charge d'A'ffaires : 
 
 Arrived in Washington, March 26, 1816. Ser- 
 vices terminated in August, 1818. 
 VISCOUNT GOUPY DE QUABECK, Charge d'Af- 
 faires : 
 Presented credentials, November 9, 1818. Re- 
 called, August 22, 1822. 
 CHEVALIER C. D. E. J. BANGEMAN HUYGENS, 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, August 26, 1825. Took 
 leave, January 5, 1832, to return on leave. 
 CHEVALIER R. BANGEMAN HUYGENS, Secre- 
 tary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from Jan- 
 uary 5, 1832, to July 11, 1833. 
 ADRIEN "MARTINI, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 11, 1833 Took leave, 
 July 27, 1843. 
 CHEVALIER J. C. GEVERS, Charge d'Affaires : 
 Arrived in Washington about November 8, 1843. 
 Arrival of successor, July 20, 1845. 
 CHEVALIER FRANCOIS MATHIEU WENCES- 
 LAUS TESTA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 30, 1845. Successor 
 arrived about Julv 10, 1854. 
 CHEVALIER J. C. GEVERS, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Arrived in Washington about July 10, 1854. An- 
 nounced his departure on November 17, 1855. 
 Consul-General at New York in charge of the 
 affairs of the Legation. 
 H. C. DUBOIS, Minister Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 6, 1856. Left on 
 
 leave, August 20, 1856. Transmitted letter of 
 
 recall by note, dated. The Hague, November 15, 
 
 1856. 
 
 T. M. ROEST VAN LIMBURG, Minister Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 17, 1857. Presented 
 
G^O 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary, January 23, 18U1. Left 
 on leave about May 10, 1807. Letter of recall 
 isdnteil October 81. l!S«8. 
 A. MAZEFj. Minister Uij^ident (provisionally) ; 
 
 Presented credentials, June 14, 18(i~. November 
 23, 18(i8, announced the recall of Mr. V.\N LiM- 
 Btnia, and of his appointment as Minister Resi- 
 dent. Last commiinication received from him 
 dated, Juno 10, 1871. 
 BERNUAUD DE WESTENBERO, Minister Resi- 
 dent : 
 
 Presented credentials, August 1, 1871. 
 JONKUEER VON PESTEL, Minister Resident, April 
 37, 1875. 
 
 NICARAGUA. 
 
 EDUARDO CARCACIIE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 34, 1840. Took 
 leave bv letter from New York, July 8, 1850. 
 JOSfi DE M.XRCOLKTA, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister l'leni|Hitentiarv : 
 
 Presented credentiuls, February 3'.'. 1851. De- 
 cember :>(!, IS.'r,', the Seereliuyof State declined 
 further ollicial coniniuuieation with him. De- 
 cember 17, 185!i, he presented new credentials. 
 His last communication was dated, April 30, 
 1850. 
 AGUSTIN VKilL, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
 ter Ple\ii)>otentiary : 
 
 Transmitted credentials. May 14, 1856. An- 
 nounced intended absence, June 38, 1850, leav- 
 ing John P. Ukiss, Secretary of Legation, in 
 charge of the Legation. 
 ANTONIO JOSK 1)K IRISARRI, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Transmitted cojiy of credentials, October 16, 
 1850, but not recognized until October 17, 1857. 
 Transmitted letter of recall, January 4, 185!l. 
 MAXIMO JEKKZ, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Sent on a Siiecial Mission to continue the i)ending 
 Negotiation of a Treaty. Presented creden- 
 tials, October 5, 1858. Presented new creden- 
 tials as permanent Minister, January 11, 185S). 
 LUIS MOLIX.\, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 First note to Secretary of State, August 30, 1850. 
 Presented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister I'lenipotentiarv. March 10, 1861. 
 Took leave. September 31), 1807. 
 IGNACIO tiOMKZ, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented creileutiuls, February 35, 1808. With- 
 drew on leave. t)ctober 34. 1800. 
 JOSfi ROSA PEREZ. Charge d'AITaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, February 3, 1870. Acted 
 until .\ugust 7. IS73. 
 EMILIO HK.N.Uil). Minister Resident : 
 
 Presented eredenfuils, August 10, 1872. Left on 
 leave about the end of November, 1873. Still 
 accnilihtl. 
 
 NORTH GERMAN UNION. 
 
 (See German Empire nnd Prussia.) 
 
 BARON GEROLT, Envoy and Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary : 
 Presented credentials, January 34, 1868. Re- 
 mained in charge of the IjCgation after the 
 formation of the German Empire, January 18, 
 1871. Took leave, June 39, 1871. 
 
 PERU. 
 
 JOAQUIN JOSfi DE OSMA, Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary : 
 Presented credentials, December 31. 1846. Pre- 
 sented letter of recall, March 1, 1848. 
 JUAN IGNACIO DE OSMA, Secretary of Legation 
 Acted as -Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from 
 
 March 1, 1848, to May 10, 1850 ; from August 
 10, 1850, to September 33, 1853 ; from April 1, 
 1853, to June 15, tS54 : and from March 16, 
 1855. ti> l''ebniary 30, 1850, when he presented 
 credentials as Minister- Resident. 
 JOSfi MANTEL TIRADO. Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 Presented credentials, May 10, 1850. Took leave, 
 temporarily, August 10, 1850. 
 JOAQUIN JoSft" DE t)S.MA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 
 Presented cri-denlials, Septemlu'r 33, 1853. Took 
 leav<', Man'h :'.0. 1853. 
 JOSfi M AMI El, TIKAIM), Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister I'lenijiotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 15, 1854. Took leave, 
 March l(i, 18.55. 
 JUAN IGNACIO DE OSMA, Minister Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, February 20. 1850. With- 
 drew temiiorarilv, December 31, 1858. 
 CIPRIANO CORONEL ZEGARRA, Minister-Resi- 
 dent : 
 
 Presente.l credentials, March 28, 1859. Notified 
 that diplomatic relations with Peru were termi- 
 nated, Xoveniber 30, 1800. 
 FREDERICO L. BARREDA, Confidential Agent : 
 Presented credentials, April 3, 1801, as ConHden- 
 tia! Agent to restore diplonnitic intercourse with 
 Pern. Presented credentials as Minister-Resi- 
 dent. March 3, 1803. Took leave temporarily, 
 Jnlv 15, 1804. 
 JOSE CARLOS TRACY. Consul at New York : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'.^ffaires iid interim from July 
 15, 1804, to February 3, 1805. 
 AMELIO BONIFAZ, Charge d'Affaires ad interim : 
 
 From February 3, 1805, to April 15, 1805. 
 JOSfe ANTONIO GARCIA \ GARCIA, Chargfi 
 d'Affaires : 
 
 Present.'d credentials, April 15, 1805. Took 
 leave, March 13. 1800. 
 FREDERICO L. BARREDA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 
 Presented credentials. May 29, 1806. Delivered 
 letter of recall, Mav 6, 1867. 
 A. BENJAMIN MEDIA, Secretary of Legation: 
 
 Acted as Charge d'AITaires ad interim from May 
 to November 10. 1807. 
 JOSfi ANTONIO GARCIA Y (MRCIA, Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, November 10,' 1807. De- 
 letter of recall. May 7, 1809. 
 MANUEL FREYRE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary: 
 
 Presented credentials, June 9, 1809. Still ao- 
 rndiled. 
 EDUARDO VILLENA. Secretary of Legation: 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from May 
 20, 1873. Still in chiu-ije. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 CIPRTANO RIBEIRO FREIRE. Minister-Resident : 
 Presented credentials to Secretary of Stale, Oc- 
 tober 13, 1704. Left the United States, about 
 April 7. 1700, 
 JOSfi RADEMAKER. ConsulGeneral : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'.\ffaires od interim, from ar- 
 rival of his sucees.sor, July 10, 1810. 
 JOSfe CORRKA DA SERRA, Minister Plenipoten- 
 tiary : 
 
 Transmitted copy of letter of credence to the 
 Secretary of State. July 23,1810. Announced 
 intention to leave United States. November 9, 
 ^ 1830. 
 JOSE AMADO OREHON, Charge d'Allaires ad in- 
 terim : 
 
 From abcnit December 4, 1810. Announced in- 
 tention to h'ave United States. June 35, 1833. 
 JOAQUIN BARROZO PEREIRA. ConsulGeneral : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 C21 
 
 June Sri, to about November 12, 1822, and from 
 Januiiry <J, 1824, to October 2, 1829. 
 FRANCISCO SOLANO CONSTANCIO, Charge 
 d'AffaireB: 
 
 Henived by Secretary of State, November 12, 
 1822. MiniBter for foreign affairH of Portugal, 
 trannmitted a note dated October 31, 1823, 
 (tbroiigli Oeneral Dearbon), to tlie Secretary 
 of Stale, informing him of the recall of Mr. 
 Constancio, and of the appointment of Mr. 
 Pereira, Consul-General at Philadelphia, as 
 Charge d'Affaires ad interim. Mr. Pereira was 
 recognized January 9, 1824. 
 PREDEKICO TOULADE DE AZAMBU.JA, Charge 
 d'Affaires : 
 Arrived at Philadelphia, August 20, 1828. Was 
 not recognized until October 2, 1829. July 16, 
 1834, announced termination of his duties. 
 JOAQUIM CESAK DE FIOANIEKE E MOKAO, 
 Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 10, 1835. Left 
 about June 1, 1838. 
 JOAO D'ALMIOIUA DE LA FIQANIftRE. Attache : 
 Acted as Cliurge d'Affaires (id interim from June 
 1, 1838. to October 2, 1839. 
 CHEVALIER ANTONIO CANDIDO DE FARIA, 
 Charge d'.Affairea : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 2, 18.39. An- 
 nounced intended departure, November 31, 1839. 
 BARON A. E. DE WEIDEKIIOLI), Consul-General 
 ad interim : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from No- 
 vember 21, 1839, to December 30, 1840. 
 JOAQITIM CKSAR DE FIGANIfiRE £ MORAO, 
 MinisterUesiib-nt : 
 
 Presented cri'dentials. December 30, 1840. Pre- 
 senti'd crcilrntials as Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister I'li'niiJoKmtiary, October 2IJ, 18.')4. 
 Died in Brooklyn, December 24, 1800. 
 MANOEL GARCIA DA ROSA, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from De- 
 cember 24, 180H, to May 31, 1807, and from 
 al)out June 24, 1807, to about April 14, 1808. 
 MIGUEL MARTINS D'ANTAS, Envoy Extraordin- 
 ary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 31, 1867. Left on 
 leave, October 30, 1809. 
 ANTONIO DA CUNHA SOTTO MAJOR, Consul- 
 General : 
 
 Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo- 
 ber 30, 1809, to January 12, 1872. 
 CHEVALIER JoAo DE SOUZA LOBO, Envoy Ex 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, January 12, 1872. 
 BARON DE SANT ANNA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary. 
 
 PRUSSIA. 
 {Seo German Empire and Worth German Union.) 
 
 FRIEDRICK GREUHM, Minister- Resident and Con- 
 sul General : 
 Presented credentials, November 11, 1817. Died 
 in the United States, December 1, 1833. 
 COUNCILLOR NIEDERSTETTER, Charge d'Af- 
 faires : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 6, 1825. Took 
 
 leave, March 30, 18.30. 
 
 COUNCILLOR VON ROENNE, Qiarge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, June 23. 1834. Presented 
 
 credentials as Minister-Resident, October 26, 
 
 1836. Left on leave, about April 1, 1844. His 
 
 letter of recall was presented by his successor, 
 
 December 13, 1844. 
 
 BARON GEROLT, Miuister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 13, 1844. Took 
 leave, November 15, 1848. 
 
 J. W. SCHMIDT, Consul-General : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from 
 March 10 to December 22, 1849. 
 BARON (iEHOLT, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presentid credentials, December 22, 1849. Pre- 
 sintid credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, November 8, 1854. 
 Acted in that cajiacity until January 24, 1808, 
 when he presented credentials as Envoy Extra^ 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from 
 the North German Union. 
 A. MAGNUS, attache: 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 9, to about October 1, 18.")0. 
 BARON GUIDO VON GRABOW, Secretary of Le- 
 gation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about 
 June 23 to about November 6, 1854; from 
 May 19 to about December 6, 1855 ; from May 
 18 to about December 4, 1857 ; from about 
 July 21, 1858, to about March 6, 18.59 ; and 
 from June 23 to about November 19, 1864. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 ANDRfi DE DA8CHK0FF, Charge d'Affaires and 
 Consul-General : 
 Presented credentials, about July 11, 1809. Ser- 
 vices terminated, about June 25, 1810. 
 COUNT THEODOHE DE PAHLEN, Envoy Extra- 
 ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, about June 25, 1810. Took 
 leave, November 14, 1811. 
 ANDRfi DE DASCIIKOFP, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, November 15, 1811. Took 
 leave, March 6, 1819. 
 CHEVALIER PIERRE DE POLETICA, Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Arrived at Wa.shington, May 24, 1819, but in 
 consequence of the absence of the President, 
 he did not deliver his credentials until August 
 11, 1819. He was, however, in correspondence 
 with the Department previous to tlie date of 
 his presentation. Took leave, April 23, 1823. 
 GEORGE ELLISEN, Councillor of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Cbarge d'Affaires ad interim from April 
 25, 1822, to A])ril 19, 1833. 
 BARON DE TUYLL, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials to the Secretary of State, 
 April 19, 1823. Took leave, March 14, 1826. 
 BARON DE MALTITZ, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad inUrim from 
 March 14, 1826, to December 20, 1827. 
 BARON DE KRUDENER, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials to the Secretary of State, 
 December 20, 1827. Services terminated Au- 
 gust 15, 1830. His letter of recall was deliv- 
 ered by his successor, May 5, 1838. 
 BARON DE SACKEN, Charge d'Affaires ad interim : 
 
 From August 16, 1830, to February 20, 1833. 
 GEORGE KREHMER, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au- 
 gust 15, 1886, to May 5, 1838. 
 ALEXANDER DE BODISCO, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials. May 5, 1838. Died in the 
 United States, January 23, 1854. 
 COUNT DE ZABIELO, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Sep- 
 tember 8, 1843, to October 27, 1844. 
 EDW^ARD DE STOECKL, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from 
 June 20, 1849, to May 4, 1850. 
 CONSTANTINE CATACAZY, Secretary of Legation: 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Jan- 
 uary 33 to March 24, 1854. 
 
633 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 EDWARD DE STOECKL, Charge d' Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 24, 1854. Pre- 
 sented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary, February 21, 1857. 
 Left on leave, October 13, 1868. 
 BARON DE OSTEN SACKEN, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au- 
 gust 14. 1858, to about May 30, 1859. 
 WALDEMAR BODISCO, Secretary of Legation: 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Oc- 
 tober 12, 1866, to March 20, 1867, and from 
 October 13, 1868, to September 24, 1869. 
 CONSTANTINK CATACAZY, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 24, 1869. The 
 United States Government declined to hold 
 diplomatic intercourse veith Mr. Catacazy, 
 November 24, 1871. 
 ALEX.iNDER GORLOPF, Attache : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from No- 
 vember 24, 1871, to January 2, 1872. 
 VALERIEN SCHIRKOFF, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Jan- 
 uary 2 to April 30, 1872. 
 BARON HENRI D'OFFENBERG, Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary ; 
 
 Presented credential, April 30, 1873. Presented 
 credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary, February 5, 1878. 
 NICHOLAS DE VOIGHT, Secretary "of Legation : 
 Acting Charge d'Affaires ad interim, May 28, 
 1874. 
 NICHOLAS SHISHKIN, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, October 29, 1875. 
 
 SALVADOR. 
 
 FELIPE MOLINA, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 17, 1853. Died in 
 Washington, February 1, 1855. 
 ANTONIO JOSfi DE IRISARRI, Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary : 
 Pre.sented credentials, September 4, 1855. Gave 
 notice of termination of mission, March 11, 
 1803. 
 LORENZO MONTUFAR, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Sent on special mission to negotiate a treaty of 
 friendship and commerce. Presented creden 
 tials, April 23, 1862. Left, June 16, 1862. 
 HENRY SEGUR, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, June 17, 1863. Letter of 
 recall transmitted by successor, December 30, 
 1863. 
 ANTONIO JOSfi DE IRISARRI, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 30, 1863. Died 
 in the United States, June 10, 1868. 
 JQS£ MARIA VEL.-V, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 12, 1868. Trans- 
 mitted letter of recall, July 18, 1871. 
 VICENTE DARDON, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credential.s, October 19, 1872. Pre- 
 sented credentials as Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 February 17, 1874. Stitl accredited. 
 
 SARDINIA, (See Italy.) 
 COUNT AUGUSTO AVOGADRO DE COLOBIANO 
 
 Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, February 7, 1839. 
 
 communication to him, August 8, 1842. 
 
 COUNT DE MONTALTO, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 2, 1843. 
 
 note to him, September 18, 1846. 
 
 CHEVALIER L. MOSSI, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Last 
 
 Presented credentials, July 26, 1848. Took leave, 
 April G, 1853. 
 I. VALERIO, Charge d'Affaires ad interim: 
 
 From April 6 to Julv 20, 1853, and from April 
 12 to June 28, 1855. 
 MARQUIS A. TALIACARNE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 Presented credentials, December 19, 1853. Last 
 note to him, January 23, 18.55. 
 CHEVALIER JOSEPH BERTIN ATTI, Charge d'Af- 
 faires : 
 Presented credentials, October 2, 1855. Presented 
 credentials as Minister-Resident, March 27, 
 1861. On April 11, 1861, he announced the 
 assumption by Victor Emanuel II. of the title 
 of King of Italy, which occurred on the 7th of 
 March preceding. 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 DIEGO DE GARDOQUI, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Transmitted credentials to Congress, May 21, 
 1785. Withdrew on leave, October 3, 1789. 
 JOSE IGNACIO DE VIAR, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Oc- 
 tober 3, 1789, to about December 1, 1791, and 
 from April 25 to about August 1, 1796. 
 JOSE IGNACIO DE VIAR and JOSfi DE JAU- 
 DENES, Joint Charges d'Affaires ad interim : 
 Commission dated, February 12, 1791. Their 
 joint services commenced about December 1, 
 1791. Mr. Jaudenes began to act independ- 
 ently of Mr. ViAR at a period between March 
 5 and August 22, 1794. He gave notice of in- 
 tended return to Spain, April 25, 1796. Mr. 
 Viar's services ceased. May 3, 1794. 
 CARLOS M. DE IRUJO, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Arrived in the United States about the end of 
 July, 1796, Presented credentials, August 25, 
 1796. Last note to Secretary of State, Febru- 
 ary 4, 1806. 
 VALEN'riN DE FORONDA, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 7, 1807. Took leave 
 by letter, October 14, 1809. 
 LUIS D"E ONIS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 I Gave notice of arrival in the United States. Oc- 
 tober 7, 1807. Left the United States on leave. 
 May 10, 1819. 
 MATEO DE LA SERNA, Charge d'Affaires ad in- 
 terim : 
 
 From May 10, 1819, to April 12, 1820. 
 FRANCISCO "DIONISIO VIVES, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, April 12, 1820. Last offi- 
 cial communication from him, September 23 
 1821. 
 FRANCISCO HILARIO RIVAS Y SALMON, Secre- 
 tary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Sep- 
 tember 30 to October 31, 1821, and from March 
 15, 1823, to July 25, 1827. 
 JOAQUIN DE ANDUAGA, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, October 31, 1821. Gave 
 notice of intended departure, March 15, 1823. 
 FRANCISCO TACON, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, July 25, 1827. Presented 
 credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary, November 11, 1833. 
 Died in Philadelphia, June 22, 1835. 
 MIGUEL TACON, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge .d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 30 to December 7, 18o5, and from October 4, 
 1837, to April 28, 1838. 
 ANGEL CALDERON DE LA BARCA, Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 7, 1835. Took 
 leave, September 26, 1839. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 623 
 
 PEDRO ALCANTARA ARGAIZ, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 26, 1839. Took 
 leave, January 2, 1844. 
 FIDENCIO BOURMAN, Charge d'Affaires ad in- 
 terim : 
 
 From Januarv 3 to August 5, 1844. 
 AXGEL CALDERON de la BARCA, Minister Resi- 
 dent : 
 Presented credentials, August 5, 1844. Took 
 leave, August 2, 1853. 
 JOSE MARIA MAGALLON, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires nd interim from 
 Augu.st 2, 1853, to May 30, 1854, and from 
 November 11, 1856, to February 21, 1857. 
 LEOPOLDO AUGUSTO de CUETO, Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, May 30, 1854. Last com- 
 munication, July, 18.55. 
 ALFONSO ESCALANTE, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, October 1, 1855. Took 
 leave, November 11, 18.56. 
 GABRIEL GARCIA Y TASSARA, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, Februarj' 21, 1857. Took 
 leave, March 11, 1867. 
 FACUNDO GONI, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, March 15, 1867. Successor 
 presented March 19, 1S69. 
 MAURK'IO LOPEZ ROBERTS, Envoy Extraordinary 
 and Minister Plenipotentiary ; 
 
 Presented credentials, March 19, 1869. Placed 
 Legation in charge of the first Secretary, Mr. 
 PoTESTAD, March 23, 1872. Took leave, April 
 1, 1872. 
 Admiral DON JOSfi POLO de BERNABE, Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, April 5, 1872. 
 SESTOR don ANTONIO MANTILLA de los RIOS, 
 Envov Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 Se))tember 15, 1874. 
 SE:S0R don LUIS DE POTESTAD, Secretary of 
 Legation, September 15, 1874. 
 
 SWEDEN and NORWAY. 
 
 BARON JOHAN ALBERT KANTZOW, Minister- 
 Resident : 
 First note to him, September 33, 1813. Took 
 leave temporarily, Marcli 8, 1817. 
 BARON BERNDT ROBERT GUSTAF STACKEL- 
 BERG, Charge d'Aifaires : 
 
 Presented credentials November 14, 1819. Toot 
 leave, June 6, 1833. 
 DAVID GUSTAF ANKARLOO, Charge d'Affaires: 
 Requested audience, June 6, 1833. Was presented, 
 October 26, 1833. Last note from him. May 
 30, 1833. 
 SEVERIN LORICH, Consul-General : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad raicj'jm from May 
 21,1833, to March 11,1837. 
 GUSTAF DE NORDIN, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 Presented credentials, November 15, 1838. Took 
 leave, July 15, 1845. 
 C. EDWARD HABICHT, acting Consul-General: 
 
 Acting as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July 
 15, 1845, to August 36, 1846 ; from May 1 to 
 June 29, 1849 ; from December 39, 1849, to 
 January 9, 1851 ; from June 5. 1853, to Febru- 
 ary 5, 1853 ; from April 8, 1856. to June 26, 
 1858 ; from April 12 to November 7, 1861, and 
 from June 16 to November 4, 1869. 
 ADAM LOVENSKIOLD, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 Presented credentials, August 27, 1846. Took 
 leave temporaril}% May 1, 1849. 
 GEORGE SIBBERN, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 Presented credentials, January 10, 1851. Pre- 
 
 sented credentials as Minister-Resident, January 
 4, 18.5.5. Took leave temporarily, .\pril 16, 1856. 
 BARON NILS ERIC WILHELM 'de WETTER- 
 STEDT, Minister-Resident : 
 Presented credentials, July 3, 18.58. Took leave 
 April 11, 1861. 
 COUNT EDWARD PIPER, Minister-Resident : 
 
 Presented credentials, November 7, 1861. Last 
 note from him, August 5, 1864. 
 BARON NILS ERIC WILHELM de WETTER- 
 STEDT, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 19, 1865. Took 
 leave temporarily. June 16. 1809. 
 COUNT CARL LEWENHAUPT, Secretary of Lega- 
 tion : 
 Acted as Charge A.' \fia.\Tes ad interim from Novem- 
 ber 4, 1869, to December 38, 1870. 
 OLUF STENERSEN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, December 22, 1870. Still 
 accredited. 
 A. GRIP, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June 
 2, 1873, to January 15, 1874. Continued to act 
 as such iu 1875. 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 GEORGE C. CHILDRESS and ROBERT HAMIL- 
 TON, Special Agents : 
 
 Appointed with Plenary Power to negotiate with 
 the United States for the recognition of the in- 
 dependence and sovereignty of Texas. Their 
 first communication to the Secretary of State 
 was dated May 21, 1836. 
 PETER W. GRAYSON and JAMES COLLINS- 
 WORTH, Commissioners to treat respecting mat- 
 ters of interest to the United States and Texas : 
 Transmitted credentials, informally, July 10, 
 1836. 
 WILLIAM H. WHARTON and MEMUCAN HUNT, 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Were received 'oy the Secretary of State, March 
 11. 1837, but were not fully recognized, their 
 credentials not being in the regular form. 
 MEMUCAN HUNT, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
 ister Plenipotentiary. 
 Presented credentials, July 6, 1837. Gave notice 
 of departure. May 33, 1838. 
 FAIRFAX CATLETT, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad iiiterim from May 
 23 to August 24, 1838. 
 ANSON JONES, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Announced arrival, August 24, 1838. His last 
 note to the Secretary of State, Marcli 18, 
 1839. 
 RICHARD G. DUNLAP, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary: 
 Presented credentials. May 9, 1839. Took leave, 
 April 30, 1840. 
 BARNARD E. LEE, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Was first received officially, April 20, 1840. 
 Withdrew temporarily, October 3, 1841. Took 
 final leave by letter, January 21, 1843. 
 NATHANIEL AMORY, Secretary"of Legation: 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo- 
 ber 2, 1841, to Mai-ch 10, 1842. 
 JAMES RILEY, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 10, 1842. Took 
 leave, September 5, 1842. 
 ISAAC VAN ZANDT, Charge d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials December 7, 1843. Took 
 leave September 11, 1844. 
 J. PINCKNEY HENDERSON, Special Agent : 
 
 Appointed to act in conjunction with Isaac Van 
 Zandt to negotiate a treaty of annexation with 
 the United States. Presented credentials, April 
 4, 1844. 
 
624 
 
 TABULAR RECORDI 
 
 CHARLES H. RAYMOND, Secretary of Legation : 
 Acted as Charge ad interim from Sepiember, 
 18-14, to May 19, 1845. 
 
 TURKEY. 
 BLACQUE BEY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary: 
 Presented credentials, August 23, 1867. Last 
 note to him, August 7, 1873. 
 BALTAZZI EFFENDl, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May 
 14, 1870, to August 1(>, 1871. 
 GREGORIE ARISTARCHI BEY, Envoy Extraordi- 
 nary and Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, October 14, 1873. Still 
 accredited. 
 
 TWO SICILIES. (See Italfi.) 
 CHEVALIER ROCCO MARTUSCELLL Charge 
 d' Affaires : 
 Presented credentials, December 5, 1846. Died in 
 the United States, November 8, 1853. 
 J. C. VERTU, Vice-Consul : 
 
 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Feb- 
 ruary 21 to November 1, 1853. 
 BARON WINSPEARE, Charge d'Affaires: 
 
 First communication from him received about 
 July, 10, 1855. Took leave, July 7, 1856. 
 ACHILLE FERRER, Charge d'Affaires nd interim: 
 
 From July 8, 18.")6, to August 6, 1859. 
 chevalier' P. MASSONE, Charge d'Affaires; 
 
 Presented his credentials, August. 6, 1859. Last 
 note to him dated September 24, 1860. 
 GUISEPPE ANFORA DEI DUCHI di LICCIGNfiNO, 
 Consul General : 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Sep- 
 tember 24, 1860, to December 15, 1861. 
 
 VENEZUELA. 
 
 LUCIO PULIDO, Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, September 6, 1851. Last 
 note from him, November 10, 1852. 
 RAMON ASPURUA, Charg.' d'Affaires : 
 
 Presented credentials, March 7, 1854. Last note 
 to liim, December 7, 1854. 
 FRANCISCO ARANDA, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 Presented credentials, February 28, 1856. Last 
 note to him, November 6, 1856. 
 FLORENCIO RIBAS, Secretary of Legation : 
 
 Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from No- 
 vember 7, 1856, to June 6, 1858 ; from April 30, 
 1858, to October 20, 1860 ; from July 28, 1866, 
 to April 15, 1867 ; and from June 22, 1867, to 
 August 24, 1868. 
 MANUEL DE BRICESO, Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Presented credentials, January 6, 1858. Took 
 leave, April 29, 1858. 
 JOSt; A. PAEZ, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary ; 
 
 Presented credentials, October 30, 1860. Took 
 leave, February 16, 1861. 
 BLAS BRUZUAL, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary : 
 
 Requested an audience, October 16, 1863. Was 
 presented, Septembers, 1864. Took leave tem- 
 porarily, June 22, 1867. Last note to him, Au- 
 gust 27, 1868. 
 MANUEL MUNOZY CASTRO, Charge d'Affaires : 
 Presented credentials, February 8, 1869. Last 
 note to him, October 28, 1869. 
 SEROR DON JUAN B. DALLA COSTA, Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, June 5, 
 1874. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATIONS AND COMMISSIONS* 
 
 1. Under the Treaty of Amity, etc., between the United 
 States and Great Britain, Nmeniber 19, 1794: 
 {a) Mixed Commission at Halifax, under the fifth 
 article, to determine what river is the River St. 
 Croix. First meeting, August 30, 1796 ; last 
 meeting, October 25, 1798. American Commis- 
 sioner, David Howell ; British Commissioner, 
 Thomas Barclay ; third Commissioner, Eg- 
 bert Benson ; Ameriran Agent, James Sulli- 
 van ; British Arjent, Ward Chipman ; Secre- 
 tary, Ed. Winston. 
 ib) Mixed Commission at Philadelphia, under the 
 Sixth Article, to determine the amount to be 
 paid by the United States to Great Britain for 
 losses of British subjects by reason of " vari- 
 ous lawful impediments" thrown in the way of 
 the collection of debts. First meeting, May, 
 1797 ; proceedings suspended, July 19, 1799 ; 
 never resumed. American Commissioners, 
 Thomas Fitzsimmons, S. Sitgreaves ; Bri- 
 tish Commisdoners. Thomas Macdonald, Hen- 
 ry Pye Rich ; Fifth Commissioner, John Guil- 
 lemard ; American Agent, John Read, Jr. ; 
 British Af/ent, William Moore Smith ; Secre- 
 tary, G. Evans. Differences adjusted in con- 
 vention of January 8, 1802. 
 ((•) Mixed Commission in London, under the Sev- 
 enth Article, to determine amount of British 
 claims for violation of neutrality, and of Amer- 
 ican claims for illegal captures. First meet- 
 
 ♦ Several commissions or tribiin^ils, not infernational in tkHr 
 cliaracter, have .iLsohcen oro:anizeri under United srntes laws 
 (bnt in accordance with provisions or treaties) for adjudicating 
 upon claims. 
 
 ing, August 16, 1796 ; last meeting, February 
 24, 1804. American Commissii/ners, Christo- 
 pher Gore and William Pinckney ; British 
 Commissioners, John Nicholl and John Ans- 
 TEY (Dr. Nicholl resigned, and Mauricb 
 Swabey was appointed) ; Fifth Commissioner, 
 John Trumbull ; American Agent, Samuel 
 Bayard, succeeded by Samuel Williams, 
 who was succeeded by Samuel Cabot ; British 
 Agent, Nath.aniel Gostling ; Secretary, 
 Francis Moore. 
 2 — Under the Treaty of December 24, 1814, between the 
 United States and Great Britain {commonly called 
 the Treaty of Ghent). 
 
 (a) Under the Fourth Article, to determine the 
 ownership of the islands in Passamaquoddy 
 Bay. Decision rendered at New York, Novem- 
 ber 24, 1817. American Commissioner, John 
 Holmes ; British Commissioner, Thomas Bar- 
 clay ; Secretary, Anthony Barclay ; Ameri- 
 can Agent, James T. Austin ; British Agent, 
 Ward Chipman. 
 
 (J) Under the Fifth Article, to settle the north- 
 eastern boundary, commissioners disagreed. 
 American Commisioner reported, November 20, 
 1821. American Commissioner, C. P. Van 
 Ness ; British Commissioner, 'Thomas Bar- 
 clay ; Ameriran Agent, William C. Bradley; 
 British Agent, Ward Chipman. 
 
 (c) Under the Sixth Article, to determine where is 
 the middle of the rivers and lakes forming the 
 northern boundary to the water communication 
 between Lakes Huron and Superior ; and un- 
 der the Seventh Article, to determine the 
 boundary-line to the north-west point of the 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 625 
 
 Lake of the Woods. Decision under Article 
 
 6, rendered June 18, 1822 ; under Article 
 
 7, commissioners did not agree. Settled 
 by treaty of 1843. American Commisdoner, 
 Peter B. Porter; British Commissioner, John 
 Oon-VY, succeeded by Anthony Barclay; 
 American Agent, Samuel Hawkins, succeeded 
 by Joseph Delafield ; British Agent, J. 
 Hale ; Secretary, Stephen Sewell, succeeded 
 by Donald Frazer ; Assistant Secretary, Don- 
 ald Frazer, succeeded by John Bigsby, who 
 was succeeded by Richard Williams. 
 
 3. — Under the Convention of October 20, 1818, between 
 the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 Under Article 5, to determine respecting the ob- 
 ligation to restore slaves under the first article 
 of the Treaty of Ghent. Referred to the Em- 
 peror of Russia as arbitrator. Decision, April 
 22, 1822. 
 i.— Under the treaty of July 12, 1833, between the 
 United States, Great Britain, and Russia., to deter- 
 mine the indemnities due to the United States citizens 
 in consequence of the award of the Emperor of Rus- 
 sia in favor of the United States. 
 
 A Mixed Commission. Proceedings began 
 August 25, 1833, terminated summarily, Decem- 
 ber, 1835, and the question settled by a con- 
 vention, November 13, 1826. American Com- 
 missioner, Langdon Cheves ; British Commis- 
 sioner, George Jackson ; American Arbitrator, 
 Henry Seawell ; British Arbitratoi; John 
 McTavish. 
 5. — Under the Convention of September 29, 1837, Jc- 
 twecn the United States and Great Britain. 
 A reference to the King of the Netherlands to de- 
 termine the disputed north-eastern boundary. 
 Award, January 10, 1831. Not accepted by 
 either party. 
 6. — Under the, Convention of April 11, 1839, between 
 the United States and Mexico. 
 
 Mixed Commission in Washington. Organized 
 August 17, 1840 ; closed February 25, 1843, 
 " all the objects contemplated by the conven- 
 tion" not having " been fully accomplished." 
 American Commissioners, William L. Makcy, 
 John Row.\n, the latter succeeded by H. M. 
 Br.vckenridge ; American Secretary, Alexan- 
 der DiMiTRY ; Mexican Commissioners, Pedro 
 Fernandez del Costillo, Joaquin Velas- 
 quez DE Leon ; Mexican Secretary, Lucas de 
 Palacio y Magabola ; Umpire, Baron Von 
 
 ROENNE. 
 
 7. — Under the Convention of February 26, 1851, be- 
 tween the United States and Portugal, relating to the 
 claims for the destruction of the ship General Arm- 
 strong. 
 
 Referred to the arbitration of the President of 
 the French Republic (Napoleon III.). Decision 
 against United States. 
 8. — Under the Claims Convention of February 8, 
 1853, between the United States and Great Brit- 
 ain. 
 A Mixed Commission, in London, organized Sep- 
 tember 15, 1853 ; closed January 15, 1855. 
 American Commissioner, N. G. Upham ; Brit- 
 ish Commissioner, Edmund Hornby ; Umpire, 
 Joshua Bates. [N. B. — Martin Van Buren 
 was appointed Umpire and declined.] Ameri- 
 can Agent, John Addison Thomas; British 
 Agent, James Hannen. 
 9. — Under the Claims Convention of September 10, 
 1857, between the United States and New Granada. 
 A Mixed Commission in Washington, organized 
 June 10, 1861 ; closed, March 9, 1862. Ameri- 
 can Commissioner, Elias W. Leavenworth ; 
 New Grenndian Commissioner, Jose Marce- 
 lino Hurtado ; Umpire, N. G. Upjiam ; 
 American Agent for Unrepresented Claimants, 
 
 Gilbert Dean ; New Granadian Agent, none ; 
 Secretary, Charles W. Davis. 
 10. — Under the Claims Convention of February 10, 
 1864, between the United States of America and the 
 United States of Colombia : 
 Extending time for termination of above Com- 
 mission (No. 9), and providing for the appoint- 
 ment of a new Coramis.sioner and Umpire. 
 Organized, August 24, 1805 ; closed. May 19, 
 1866. American Commissioner, Thomas Bid- 
 dle ; Colombian Commissioner, 'EviiLOiiSio Sal- 
 gab ; Umpire, Sir Frederick W. A. Bruce ; 
 Secretary, Charles W. Davis. 
 11. — Under the Convention between the United States 
 and Chili (November 10, 1858), for Arbitration of 
 Macedonian Claims : 
 
 Referred to King of the Belgians. Award, May 
 
 15, 1863, in favor of the United States. 
 
 12. — Under the Convention between the United States 
 
 and Paraguay, of February 4, 1859, /or adjusting 
 
 the Claims of the "United States and Paraguay 
 
 Navigation Company " : 
 
 A Mixed Commission, in Washington ; organized, 
 June 22, 1860 ; closed, August 30, 1860. Ameri- 
 can Commissioner, Cave Johnson ; Paraguay- 
 an Commissioner, Jose Berges ; Secretary and 
 Interpreter, SAMVEh Ward; Counsel for Ameri- 
 can Claimant, John Appleton and C. S. Brad- 
 ley; Counsel for Paraguay, J. M. Carlisle. 
 Decision in favor of Paraguay. 
 13. — Under the Claims Convention of July 3, 1860, 6c- 
 tween the United States and Costa Rica : 
 A Mixed Commission, in Washington ; organized, 
 February 8, 1863 ; closed, November 6, 1862. 
 American Commissioner, B. F. Rexford ; Costa 
 Riean Commissioner, Luis Molina ; Umpire, 
 Chev. Joseph Bertinatti ; Counsel jfor Unrep- 
 resented American Claimants, C. A. Peabody ■ 
 Counsel for Costa Rica, J. M. Carlisle. 
 14. — Under the Claims Convention of November 35, 1862, 
 between the United States and Ecuador : 
 
 A Mixed Commission, in Guyaquil, to adjudicate 
 upon all claims of citizens of the one State 
 against the other. Organized, May 17, 1865 ; 
 closed, August 17, 1865. American Commission- 
 er, Frederick Hassaurek ; Ecuadorian Com- 
 missioner, Ju.VN Jose Flores, succeeded by 
 Francisco Eugenic Tamariz ; Umpire, Al- 
 ciDES Destruge ; Secretary, Crisanto Me- 
 dina. 
 15. — Under the Claims Convention of January 13, 1863, 
 between the United States and Peru : 
 
 A Mixed Commission, in Lima, to adjudicate upon 
 all claims of citizens of the one State against 
 the other. Organized, July 17, 1803 ; closed, 
 November 37, 1863. American Commissioners, 
 E. George Squier, James S. Mackie ; Peru- 
 vian Commissioners, Felipe Barriga Altarbz, 
 Santiago Tavara ; Umpire, Pedro Alcan- 
 tara Hbrran ; American Agent, Henry R. 
 DE LA Reintrie ; Peruvian Agent, Juan Ovie- 
 DO ; American Secretary, J. Huntington Ly- 
 man ; Peruvian Secretary, Domingo Rada. 
 \&.— Under the Claims Convention of April 35, 1866, 
 between the United States and Venezuela : 
 A Mixed Commission, in Caracas, to adjudicate 
 upon all claims of citizens of the one State 
 upon the Government of the other. Organized, 
 August 30, 1867 ; closed, August 5, 1868. 
 American Commissioner, David M. Talmage ; 
 Venezuelan Commissioner, A. Guzman Blanco, 
 succeeded by Francisco Conde, who was suc- 
 ceeded by JosE Gregorio Villafane ; , t7«i- 
 pire, Juan N. Machado, Jr. ; Secretary, Al- 
 fred Alderson. 
 n.— Under the Claims Convention of July 4, 1868, be- 
 tween the United States and Mexico : 
 A Mixed Commission, to adjudicate upon all 
 
636 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 claims of citizens of the one State upon the 
 other arising from injuries to their persons or 
 properties by the authorities of the other. 
 Opened, August 1, 1869 ; not yet closed. 
 American Commissioner, William H. Wads- 
 worth ; Mexiean, Commissioner, Francisco Go- 
 mez Palacio, succeeded by Leon Guzman, 
 who was succeeded by Manuel Maeia de 
 Zamacona ; Umpire, Francis Lieber ; Mr. 
 LiEBER dying, the Right Honorable Sir Ed- 
 ward Thornton was appointed Umpire. 
 Am'-rirrin Agent, J. HuBLBT Ashton ; MeHcein 
 Agent, Caleb Cushinq, succeeded by Manuel 
 AzPiROZ, who was succeeded by Eleuterio 
 Avii,A ; American Secretary, Randolph Coyle ; 
 Mexican S'cretary, 3. Carlos Mexia. 
 18. — Under the Claims Convention of December 4, 1868, 
 between the United States and Peru : 
 
 A mixed Commission, at Lima, to adjudicate upon 
 all claims of citizens of the one State upon the 
 Government of the other. Organized, Septem- 
 ber 4, 1869; closed, February 36, 1870. American 
 Commissioner, Michel Vidal ; Peruvian Com- 
 missioner, Luciano Ben.iamin Cisneros ; Um- 
 pires, Frederico Augusto EijaoRE, Teodoro 
 Vai-enzuela ; American Agent, Francisco 
 Garcia Calderon ; Peruvian Agent, Jose 
 Simeon Tejeda ; Secretary, Luis L. de 
 Arzb. 
 19. — Under a Protocol signed at Lisbon in the English 
 and Portuguese Languages, January 17, 1869 : 
 Reference to the President of the United States, 
 as Arbitrator, of the respective claims of Her 
 Britannic Majesty's Government and of the 
 Government of His Majesty the King of Portu- 
 gal, to the Island of Bulama, on the western 
 coast of Africa, and to a certain portion of ter- 
 ritory opposite to that island, on the mainland. 
 Under the sixth article of the Protocol, J. C. 
 Bancroft Davis was named, by the President, 
 as the person by whom he would proceed with 
 the Arbitration. Award, dated April 21, 1870, 
 in favor of Portugal. 
 20. — Under the Protocol of Conference held at Rio de 
 Janeiro, 1870, between the Minister of the United 
 Slates and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Brazil : 
 Reference of the claims for the loss of the whale- 
 ship Canada, to Sir Edward Thornton, as 
 Arbitrator. Decision rendered, July 11, 1870, 
 in favor of the United States. 
 21. — Under live Agreement of February 12, 1871, be- 
 tween the United States and Spain : 
 
 A mixed Commission, at Washington, to adjudi- 
 cate upon claims of citizens of the United 
 States against Spain for wrongs and injuries to 
 persons or property committed by Spanish au- 
 thorities in Cuba, or the maritime jurisdiction 
 thereof, since the commencement of the insur- 
 rection. Opened, May 31, 1871 ; not yet closed. 
 Amerirrin Arbitrator, William T. Otto ; Span- 
 ish Arldtrator, Luis de Podest.ad ; Umpire, 
 Baron Ledeuer ; United States Advocate, 
 Thomas J. Durant ; Spanish Advocate, J. 
 Mandbvtlle Carlisle ; Serretary, George O. 
 Moore, succeeded by George A. M.vtile. 
 22. — The United States, having tendered mediation to 
 the belligerent powers of Spain, on the one 
 part, and of the allied Republics of Bolivia, 
 
 Chili, Ecuador, and Peru, on the other, numer- 
 ous Conferences were held by the Representa- 
 tives of the mediating and of the belligerent 
 Powers, which resulted in an indefinite Armis- 
 tice, concluded at Washington, on the 11th of 
 April, 1871, and signed by Hamilton Fish, 
 Secretary of State, on behalf of the United 
 States ; by Maubicio Lopez Roberts, on be- 
 half of Spain ; by M.VNUEL FiiETHE, on behalf 
 of Peru ; by Joaquin Qodoy, on behalf of 
 Cliili ; by Antonio Flobes, on behalf of Ecua- 
 dor ; and by Manuel Freyre, on behalf of 
 Bolivia ; which Armistice, by its terms, cannot 
 be broken by any of the belligerents except 
 after three years' notification to the other, 
 through the Government of the United States, 
 of its intention to renew hostilities. 
 
 •iZ.— Under the Treaty of May 8, 1871, between the 
 United States and Great Britain, for the settlement of 
 differenres : 
 (a) Tribunal of Arbitration, at Geneva, to deter- 
 mine upon the liability of Great Britain for the 
 injuries growing out of the acts of the insurgent 
 cruisers (Alabama Claims). Opened, December 
 15, 1871 ; closed, September 14, 1873. Arbi- 
 trator on the part of the United States, Charles 
 Francis Adams ; Arbitrator on the part of 
 Oreat Britain, Sir Alexander Cockjsurn ; 
 Arbitrator named by the King of Italy, Count 
 Frederick Sclopis ; Arbitrator named by the 
 President of the Siriss Confederation, Jacques 
 St^mpfli ; Arbitrator named by the Emperor 
 of Brazil, Viscount D'Itajuba ; Agent of the 
 United States, J. C. Bancroft Davis ; Agent of 
 Great Britain, Lord Tenterden ; United States 
 Counsel, Caleb Cushing, Willi.^m M. Evarts, 
 Morrison R. Waite ; British Counsel, Sir 
 Roundell Palmer ; Secretary, Alexander 
 Favrot. 
 (6) Reference of the disputed Northwestern Water- 
 Boundary to the Emperor of Germany, as Arbi- 
 trator. Decision rendered, October 21, 1873, in 
 favor of the United States. Agent of the United 
 States, George Bancroft ; Agent of Oreat 
 Britain, Rear-Admiral James Prevost. 
 (f) Mixed Claims Commission, at Washington, to 
 adjudicate upon claims of citizens or subjects 
 of the one State against the Government of the 
 other, arising out of acts committed against 
 persons or property between April 17, 1861, and 
 April 9, 186.5. Opened, September 26, 1871 ; 
 closed, September 25, 1873. American Com- 
 missioner, Jambs Somerville Frazer ; British 
 Commissioner, Russell Gurnet ; Third Com- 
 missioner, Count CoRTi ; United States Agent, 
 Robert S. Hale ; British Agent, Hentit How- 
 ard , British Counsel, J. M. Carlisle ; Secre- 
 tary, Thojias C. Cox. 
 
 24. — Claim of the Earl of Dundonald, a subject of 
 Great Britain, against the Government of Bra- 
 zil. United States and Italian Ministers at Rio 
 Janeiro appointed Arbitrators, with power to 
 name a third Arbitrator, if they should dis- 
 agree. James R. Partridge, and Baron Cav- 
 alchini, the respective Envoys of the United 
 States and Italy referred to, rendered their 
 decision on the 6th of October, 1873, awarding 
 £38,675 to the claimant. 
 
 TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS. 
 
 1778. "February 6 France Alliance. 
 
 February 6 France Amify and Commerce. 
 
 February 6 France Act separate and secret. 
 
 1783. July 16 France Payment of Loan. 
 
 October 8 Netherlands Amity and Commerce. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 637 
 
 1783. October 8 Netherlands Recaptured Vessels. 
 
 November 30. . .Great Britain Provisional Articles preliminary to Peace. 
 
 November 30 . . . Great Britain Separate Article. 
 
 1783. January 30 Great Britain Armistice. 
 
 February 35. . . .France New Loan. 
 
 April 3 Sweden Amity and Commerce. 
 
 April 3 Sweden Separate Articles. 
 
 September 3 Great Britain Peace. 
 
 1785. July 9 and 38,1 
 
 August 5, and > Prussia Amity and Commerce. 
 
 September 10 ) 
 
 1787. January Morocco Peace and Friendship. 
 
 January Morocco Additional Articles. 
 
 1788. November 14... .France Consuls. 
 
 1794. November 19... .Great Britain Peace, Amity, Commerce, Navigation, 
 
 Boundary Claims, Extradition. 
 
 November 19... .Great Britain (Additional Article). Suspending part of 
 
 12th Article. 
 
 1795. September 5 Algiers Peace and Amity. 
 
 October 37 Spain Friendship, Limits, and Navigation. 
 
 1796. Mav4 Great Britain Article explanatorv of 3d Article of Treaty 
 
 of 1794. 
 November 4. . . .Tripoli Peace, Friendship, Navigation, etc. 
 
 1797. August Tunis Peace, Friendship, Navigation, etc. 
 
 1798. March 15 Great Britain Article explanatory of 5th Article of Treaty 
 
 of 1794. 
 
 1799. July 11 Prussia Amity and Commerce. 
 
 1800. September 30. . . France .Peace, Commerce, Navigation, Fisheries, etc 
 
 1803. Januarys Great Britain Addition Couventiou to Treaty of 1794. 
 
 August 11 Spain Indemnity. 
 
 1803. April 30 France Cession of Louisiana. 
 
 April 30 France Payment of 60,000.000 francs by the U. S. 
 
 April 30 France Claims against France to be paid. 
 
 1805. June 4 Tripoli Peace, Friendship, Navigation, etc. 
 
 1814. December 24. . . .Great Britain Peace, Boundary, Slave-Trade. 
 
 1815. July 3 Great Britain Commerce, Duties, Consuls. 
 
 June 30, July 6.. Algiers Peace and Amity. 
 
 November 24 Great Britain ■ Declaration relative to St. Helena as resi- 
 dence of Bonaparte. 
 
 1810. September 4. . . .Sweden Amity and Commerce. 
 
 December 33, 33. Algiers Peace and Amity. 
 
 1817. April 28 Great Britain Arrangements for Armed Vessels on the 
 
 Lakes. 
 November 34... .Great Britain Declaration of Commissioners Respecting 
 
 Boundary. 
 November24... .Great Britain Decision of Commissioners Respecting 
 
 Boundary. 
 
 1818. October 30 Great Britain Fisheries. Boundary, Slaves. 
 
 1819. February 32. . . .Spain Peace, Ces.sion of Florida, Limits, Claims, 
 
 Commerce. 
 
 1833. June 18 Great Britain Decision of Commissioners Respecting 
 
 Boundary. 
 
 June 24 France Duties, Cousuls 
 
 June 24 France Separate Article. 
 
 July 12 Great Britain Differences Referred to Emperor of Russia. 
 
 1834. February 34 Tunis Altered Articles of Peace, Friendship, and 
 
 Navigation. 
 
 April 5-17 Russia Navigation, Fishing, etc., in Pacific Ocean. 
 
 October 3 Colombia Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 1835. Decembers Central America Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 1826. April 36 Denmark Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 November 13. . .Great Britain Indemnity under Treaty of Ghent. 
 
 1837. July 4 Sweden and Norway Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 July 4 Sweden and Norway Separate .\rticle. 
 
 August 6 Great Britain Boundary. 
 
 August 6 Great Britain Renewal of Commercial Conventions. 
 
 September 39. . .Great Britain Boundary; Differences to be Referred to an 
 
 Arbiter. 
 December 20. . . .Hanseatic Republics Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 1838. January 13 Mexico Boundary. 
 
 May 1 Prussia Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 June 4 Hanseatic Republics Additional Article to Convention of 1837. 
 
 December 12... .Brazil Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 1829. August 27 Austria Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 1830. March 28 Denmark Indemnity, Claims. 
 
 May 7 Ottoman Porte Friendship and Commerce. 
 
 1831. April 5 Mexico Additional Article to Treaty of 1828. 
 
 April 5 Mexico Amity, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
628 TAB0LARRECOBDS. 
 
 1831. April 5. : Mexico Additional Article to Treaty of 1831. 
 
 July 4 France Claims ; Duties on Wines and Cottons. 
 
 1833. May 16 Chili Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 October 11 Two Sicilies Indemnity. 
 
 December (i-18. .Russia Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 December G-18..Ku8sia Separate Article ; Certain Stipulations with 
 
 other Powers not to be Invoked. 
 
 1833. March 20 Siam Amity and Commerce. 
 
 September 1 Chili Explanatory of Treaty of 1833. 
 
 September 21 . . . Muscat Amity and Commerce. 
 
 1834. February 17. . . .Spain Indemnity. 
 
 18;ir). April 3.'. Mexico Second Additional Article to Treaty of 1828. 
 
 1836. January 20 Venezuela Friendship. Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 September 16. . .Morocco Commerce, Prisoners, etc. 
 
 November 30.. . .Peru-Bolivia Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 1837. December 10-23.Greece Commerce and Navifrntion. 
 
 1838. April 11 Texas Indemnity tor brigs Pocket and Dtirango, dtc 
 
 April 2.5 Texas Boundary. 
 
 November 26.. . . Sardinia Commerce, Navigation, etc. 
 
 November 26.. . . Sardinia Separate Article ; Differential Duties in cer- 
 tain cases. 
 
 1839. January 19 Netlierlands Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 April 11 Mexico Claims. 
 
 June 13 Ecuador Friendship, Navigation, and Commerce. 
 
 1840. May 20 Hanover Commerce, Navigation, etc. 
 
 August 20 Portugal Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 1841. March 17 Peru.". Claims. 
 
 1843. August 9 Oreat Britain Boundary, Slave-trade, Extradition. 
 
 184;i. January 30 Mexico Payment of Awards to Claimants. 
 
 November 9 France Extradition. 
 
 1844. March 26 Hesse Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on 
 
 Emigration. 
 April 10 WUrtemberg Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on 
 
 Emigration. 
 July 3 China Peace, .\mity, and Commerce. 
 
 1845. January 21 Bavaria Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on 
 
 Emigration. 
 
 February 24. ...France Extradition (Additional Article to Conven- 
 tion of November 9, 1843). 
 
 May 14 Saxony Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes of 
 
 Emigration. 
 
 November 10. . .Belgium Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 December 1 Two Sicilies Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 1816. May 27 Nassau Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on 
 
 Emigration, 
 
 June 10 Hanover Commerce, Navigation, etc. 
 
 June 1.") Ureat Britain Boundary west of Kocky Mountains. 
 
 December 13.. . .New (Granada Amity, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 December 13.. . .New tjranada Additional Article, defining National Ships. 
 
 1847. March 10 Oldenburg (.Vccession.) Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 May 18 Swiss Confederation Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on 
 
 Emigration. 
 December 9 Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Accession.) Commerce, Navigation, etc. 
 
 1848. February 2 Mexico Peace, Friendship, Limits, Claims, etc. 
 
 May 8 Austria Disposal of Property, Consuls, etc. 
 
 1849. January 27 Brazil Claims. 
 
 March 3 Ouatemala Amity, Commerce. Navigation, etc. 
 
 Dece.mber 20 Hawaiian Islands Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc. 
 
 1850. January 3 San Salvador Amity, Navigation, Commerce, etc. 
 
 April 19 (Ireat Britain Ship Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
 
 May 4 New Granada Consuls. 
 
 Juno 23 Borneo Peace and .\niity ; Consular Jurisdiction. 
 
 November 25. . . .Swiss Confederation Friendship. Commerce. Extradition, etc. 
 
 December 9 threat Britain Protocol Ciding Horseshoe Reef. 
 
 1851. February 26. . . .Portugal Certain Claims to be referred to an Arbiter. 
 
 July 10 Costa Rica Amity, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 July 36 Peru Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 1853. April 30 Hanseatic Republics Consular Jurisdiction. 
 
 June 16 Prussia and other States Extradition. 
 
 August 36 Netherlands Supplemental to Treaty of 1839. 
 
 November 16 — Prussia and other States (.\dditional Article.) Extradition. 
 
 1853. February 8 Great Britain Claims. 
 
 February 23. . . .France Rights, etc., of Consuls. 
 
 July 10 Argentine Confederation Free Navigation of Rivers Parana and Uru- 
 guay. 
 
 July 27 Argentine Cf>nfederation Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 September 6 Bremen Extradition ^ Accession). 
 
 September 13. . . Bavaria Extradition. 
 
TABULARRECORDS. 629 
 
 October IB Wnrtemberg Extradition (Accession). 
 
 November 26. . .Mecklenburg-Scliwerin Extradition (Accession). 
 
 December 2 Mecklenburg-Strelitz Extradiiion (Accession). 
 
 December yO. ...Oldenburg Extradition (Accession). 
 
 December 30 Mexico Boundary, Road Across Tehuantepec, etc. 
 
 March 31 Japan Peace and Amity ; Opening of Ports of Si- 
 
 moda and Ilakodadi. 
 
 Junes GreatBritain Reciprocity of Trade and Fisheries witU 
 
 British Possessions in North America, 
 
 June 7 Schaumburg-Lippe Extradition (Accession). 
 
 July 11 Lew Cliew Fricndsliip and Commerce. 
 
 July 17 Great Britain (Additional Convention.) Claims. 
 
 July 23 Russia Rights of Neutrals at Sea. 
 
 August 21 Brunswick and Luneburg DiBpo.sal of Property. 
 
 January 13 Two Sicilies Rights of Neutrals at Sea. 
 
 January 18 Hanover Extradition. 
 
 January 22 Netherlands American Consuls in Dutch Colonies. 
 
 October 1 Two Sicilies Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc. 
 
 May 29 Biam Amity and Commerce. 
 
 July 3 Austria Extradition. 
 
 July 22 Peru Rights of Neutrals at Sea. 
 
 December 13. ...Persia Friendship and Commerce. 
 
 January 30 Baden Extradition. 
 
 April 11 Denmark Sound and Belt Dues. 
 
 June 17 Japan Opening of Nagasaki ; Coin, Consuls, etc. 
 
 July 4 Peru Of Interpretation of Article 13 of Treaty of 
 
 1851. 
 
 September 10. . .New Qranada Claims. 
 
 February 10 France (Additional Article.) Extradition. 
 
 May 13 Bolivia Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 June 18 China Peace, Amity, and Commerce. 
 
 July 17 Belgium Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 July 29 Japan Amity and Commerce. 
 
 November 8 . . . .China Regulation of Trade. 
 
 November 8 . . . .China Claims. 
 
 November 10. . .Chili Arbitration of the Macedonian Claims. 
 
 January 14 Venezuela Aves Island Claims. 
 
 February 4 Paraguay United States and Paraguay Navigation Com- 
 pany. 
 
 February 4 Paraguay Friendship. Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 March 21 Sweden and Norway Extradition. 
 
 July 2 Costa Rica Claims. 
 
 August 27 Venezuela Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc. 
 
 July 11 Denmark Additional Articles to Convention of 1836. 
 
 November 6. . . .Hanover Abolition of Stadt or Brunshausen Dues. 
 
 December 11. ...Mexico Extradition. 
 
 February 25. . . .Ottoman Empire Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 April 7 Great Britain Suppression of Slave Trade. 
 
 October 21 Liberia Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 November 25.. ..Ecuador Claims. 
 
 December 20.. . .Peru " Lizzie Thompson" and " Georgiana." 
 
 1863. January 12 Peru Claims. 
 
 February 17. .. .Great Britain (Additional Article.) Suppression of Slave 
 
 Trade. 
 May 20 Belgium Import Duties and Capitalization of Scheldt 
 
 Dues. 
 July 1 GreatBritain Claims of Hudson's Bay and Puget Sound 
 
 Agricultural Companies, 
 July 20 Belgium Extinguishment of Scheldt Dues. 
 
 1864. January 28 Japan Reduction of Duties. 
 
 February 10. . . .Colombia Claims. 
 
 July 4 Honduras Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 October 22 Japan Indemnity. 
 
 November 3. . . .Hayti Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc. 
 
 1865. May 31 Morocco - Light-House at Cape Spartel. 
 
 1866. April 25 Venezuela Claims. 
 
 1867. February 8 Dominican Republic Amity, Commerce, Navigation, Extradition. 
 
 February 14 Madagascar Commerce, Rights of Citizens, Consular Ju- 
 risdiction, etc. 
 
 March 30 Russia Cession of Russian Possessions in North 
 
 America to the United States. 
 
 June 21 Nicaragua Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 December 17-31. Siam (Modification.) 
 
 1868. January 27 Russia (Additional Article.) Trade Marks. 
 
 February 8 Italy Rights, etc., of Consuls. 
 
 February 23. . . .North German Union Naturalization. 
 
 March 23 Italy Extradition. 
 
 May 26 Bavaria Naturalization. 
 
630 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 1868. July 4 Mexico Claims. 
 
 July 10 Mexico Naturalization. 
 
 July 19 Badeu Naturalization. 
 
 July 37 Wllrtemberg Naturalization ; Extradition. 
 
 July 28 China (Additional Articles.) Amity, Commerce and 
 
 Navigation. 
 
 August 1 Hesse Naturalization. 
 
 November 16 . . . Belgium Naturalization. 
 
 December 4 Peru Claims. 
 
 December 5 . . . .Belgium Eights, etc., of Consuls. 
 
 December 20. .. .Belgium (Additional Article.) Trade-marks. 
 
 1869. January 21 Italy (Additional Article.) Consuls. 
 
 January 31 Italy (Additional Article.) Extradition. 
 
 April 16 France Trade-marks. 
 
 May 26 Sweden and Norway Naturalization. 
 
 1870. May 13 Great Britain Naturalization. 
 
 May 33 Salvador Extradition. 
 
 June 3 Great Britain Slave-Trade ; Mixed Courts. 
 
 June 25 Nicaragua Extradition. 
 
 July 11 Austria-Hungary Eights, etc., of Consuls. 
 
 September 20.. .Austria-Hungary Naturalization, 
 
 December 6 . . . .Salvador Amity, Commerce, and Consular Privileges. 
 
 1871. February 13 ... . Spain Certain Claims for wrongs in Cuba. 
 
 February 38. . . .Great Britain Renunciation of Naturalization. 
 
 February 26 ... . Italy Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 ...... ( Spain, on the one part, and Bolivia, 1 Armistice, on Mediation of the United 
 
 P j Chili, Ecuador, and Peru, on the other J States. 
 
 April 19 Mexico (Additional Convention.) Claims. 
 
 May 8 Great Britain Amicable Settlement of all Causes of Differ- 
 ence. 
 
 November 25 . . . Austria-Hungary Trade-marks. 
 
 December 11 . . . German Empire Consuls and Trade-marks. 
 
 December 22 . . .Orange Free State Friendship, Commerce, and Extradition. 
 
 1872. May 6 Ecuador Naturalization. 
 
 June 38 Ecuador Extradition. 
 
 July 20 Denmark Naturalization. 
 
 November 27. . .Mexico (Additional Convention.) Claims. 
 
 1873. January 18 Great Britain Eelative to places for holding Se.ssions of 
 
 the Commissioners under the 12th Article 
 of the Treaty of May 8, 1871. 
 
 March 10 Great Britain Definition of the Northwest Boundary Line. 
 
 May 12 Salvador Extending time for Exchange of Ratifica- 
 tions of Extradition Convention. 
 
 May 13 Salvador Extending time for Exchange of Eatifica- 
 
 tious of Treaty of Amity, Commerce, etc. 
 
 June 7 Great Britain Protocol respecting the time at which Arti- 
 cles 18 to 25, and Article 30 of the Treaty 
 of May 8, 1871, respecting Fisheries, shall 
 take effect, 
 
 August 6 Japan Postal Convention. 
 
 November 30. . .Spain Protocol relating to the Capture and Restor- 
 ation of the Steamer Virginiua. 
 
 November 34. . .Ecuador Naturalization. 
 
 November 38. . .German Empire Postal Cards. 
 
 December 34 . . . Ecuador Extradition. 
 
 1874. March 4 Salvador. Extradition. 
 
 March 4 Salvador Extending Time. 
 
 March 13 Salvador Amity and Commerce. 
 
 March 13 Salvador Extending Time. 
 
 March 16 Russia Trade-marks. 
 
 April 31 Belgium , Extradition. 
 
 April 38 Switzerland Postal Cards. 
 
 May 1 France Postal Convention. 
 
 July 37 Peru Friendship, Commerce and Navigation. 
 
 July 37 Peru Extradition. 
 
 September 14. . .Netherlands New Postal Provisions. 
 
 September 30. . . Denmark Modifying Postal Treaty. 
 
 December 31 . . . Mexico Duration of Joint Commission. 
 
 1875. January 1 Canada Postal Arrangement. 
 
 April 36 Japan Postal Agreement. 
 
 April 37 Ottoman Empire Extradition. 
 
 June 3 Hawaiian Islands Commercial Reciprocity. 
 
 June 11 Belgium Commerce and Navigation. 
 
TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 G31 
 
 EULERS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 The follomng is a list of tlie Rulers of Foreign 
 Countries, with most of whom the United States was 
 holding intercourse at the commencement of the year 
 1876: 
 
 Argentine JReptMic. — President, Senor Avella- 
 KEDA. Elected 1874. 
 
 Austro-Hwrigarian, Empire. — Reigning Sovereign, 
 Francis Joseph. Succeeded 1848, 
 
 Bavana. — King, Louis II. Succeeded 1864. 
 
 Belgium. — King, Leopold II. Succeeded 1865. 
 
 Bolivia, Republic of. — President, Don Adolpho Bal- 
 LiviARi. Proclaimed 1873. 
 
 Borneo. — Sultan, Abdul Mumein. 
 
 Brazil. — Emperor, Don Pedko II. Succeeded 
 1831. 
 
 British Empire. — Queen, Victoria. Succeeded 
 1837. Many possessions. 
 
 ChUi, BcpiMie of. — President, Don Frederico Er- 
 EAZuriz. Elected 1871. 
 
 China. — Emperor, Tsaeteen. Succeeded 1875. 
 
 Colombia, United States of. — President, Don San- 
 tiago Perez. 
 
 Denmark. — King, Christian IX. Succeeded 
 1863. 
 
 Ecuador, Republic of- — President — Not known. 
 
 Egypt. — Sovereign, Ismail Pasha. Succeeded 
 1863. 
 
 France. — President, Marshal Marie Edine Pa- 
 trice Maurice de MacMahon. Appointed by As- 
 sembly 1873. 
 
 Oerman Empire. — Emperor, William (King of 
 Prussia). Succeeded 1861. Many pos.sessions. 
 
 Greece. — King, George I. Elected 1863. 
 
 JIawaiian Islands. — King, David Kalakaua. 
 Elected 1874. 
 
 Ilayti, Repullie of. — President, General Michel 
 Domingue. Elected 1874. 
 
 Italy. — King, Victor Emmanuel II. Chosen 1861. 
 
 Japan, the Empire of. — Mikado, Mutsuhito. Suc- 
 ceeded to the throne 1867. 
 
 Liberia, Republic of. — President, J. J. Roberts. 
 Ee-elected 1874. 
 
 Queen, Ranovalomanjaka II. Suc- 
 
 -President, Senor Lerdo de 
 -Sultan, MuLAi Hassan. Sue- 
 Sovereign, Setted 
 - Hereditary 
 
 Madagascar. 
 ceeded 1868. 
 
 Mexico, Reimblic of- 
 Tejada. Elected 1872 
 
 Morocco, Empire uf- 
 ceeded 1873. 
 
 Muscat, or Province of OrrMn. 
 Toorkee bin Said. 
 
 Navigator and Friendly Islands. 
 Chiefs. 
 
 Netherlands or Holland. — King, William III. Suc- 
 ceeded 1849. 
 
 Orange Free State. — President, J. H. Brand. 
 
 Paraguay, Republic o/. ^President, John B. Gill. 
 Elected 1874. 
 
 Pf?'sia. — Sovereign, Shab Nasser ed Deen. Suc- 
 ceeded 1848. 
 
 Peru, Republic of. — President, Senor Manuel 
 Paedo. 
 
 Portugal. — King, DoM Luis I. Succeeded 1861. 
 
 Prussia. — See German Empire. 
 
 Russia. — Emperor, Alexander II. Succeeded 
 1855. Many possessions. 
 
 Saxony. — King, Albert. Succeeded 1873. 
 
 Siam. — Two Kings — Somdet Prabat Para Mandr 
 CnuLALONKORN and Kromamum Bawarawichai 
 Chau. 
 
 South African Republic. — State President, Thomas 
 Burgers. 
 
 Spain. — King, Alphonso XII. Proclaimed 1874. 
 With possessions. 
 
 Sweden and Norway. — King, Oscar II. Succeeded 
 1872. 
 
 Sioitzerland, Republic of. — President, M. Scherer. 
 
 Turkey, or Ottoman Empire.- — Sultan, Abdul Aziz. 
 Succeeded 1861. Many possessions in Europe, Asia, 
 and Africa. 
 
 Uruguay. — President, Don Jose Ellauri. 
 
 Venezuela, Republic of. — President, General A. 
 Guzman Blanco. 
 
 Wurtemburg. — King, Charles. Succeeded 1864. 
 
 Zanzibar. — Sultan, Sattid Barghash bin Sa'eed. 
 
 OFFICIALS OF THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 president. 
 Joseph R. Hawlet. 
 
 vice presidents. 
 Orestes Cleveland, Thomas H. Coldwell, 
 John D. Creigh, John McNeil, 
 
 Robert Lowry, William Gurney. 
 
 director-general. 
 Alfred T. Goshorn. 
 
 secretary. 
 John L. Campbell. 
 
 assistant secretaries. 
 Myee Asch, 
 Dorset Gaedneb. 
 
 C0TIN8EL0E AND SOLICITOE. 
 
 John L. Shoemakee, Esq. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Daniel J. Moeeell, Chairman. 
 Alfeed T. Goshorn, Samuel F. Phillips, 
 N. M, Beckwith, Geoege B. Loring, 
 
 Alexander R. Boteler, Frederick L. Matthews, 
 Richard C. McCormick, Wm. Phipps Blake, 
 John Lynch, James E, Dexter, 
 
 Charles P. Kimball, J. T. Bernard. 
 
 J. R. Hawley, Pees., ex officio. 
 
 CHIEFS OF BUREAUS. 
 
 Foreign : Director-General, Myee Asch. 
 Installation : Henry Pettit. 
 TranDportation : Dolphus Torrey. 
 Machinery : John S. Albert. 
 Agriculture : Burnet Landreth. 
 horticulture : Charles H. Millee. 
 Fine Arts : John Sartain. 
 Medical: William Peppee, M.D. 
 Awards : Charles J. Stille, LL.D. 
 
 U. S. GOVERNMENT BOARD. 
 
 WAR department — ORDNANCE BUEEAIJ. 
 
 Col. S. C. Lypord, Chairman. 
 
 teeasuey depaetment. 
 
 Hon. R. W. Taylee. 
 
 ist Controller of the Treasury. 
 
 navy DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins, 
 U.S. Navy. 
 
 interior department. 
 
 Hon. John Eaton, 
 
 Commissioner of Education. 
 
632 
 
 TABULAR RECORDS. 
 
 post office department. 
 
 Dr. Chas. F. McDonald, 
 
 Chief of Money Order Department. 
 
 agricultural department. 
 
 Wm. Saunders, 
 
 Superintendent of Propagating Garden. 
 
 smithsonian institution. 
 Prof. S. F. Baird, 
 Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution i 
 U. 8. Fishery Commissioner. 
 
 Wm. a. DeCaindrt, Secretary. 
 
 CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 John Welsh, Philadelphia. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
 
 William Sellers, Philadelphia. 
 John S. Barbour, Virginia. 
 
 directors. 
 Samuel M. Felton, Philadelphia. 
 Daniel M. Fox, Philadelphia. 
 Thomas Cochran, Philadelphia. 
 Clement M. Biddle, Philadelphia. 
 N. Parker Suortridqe, Philadelphia. 
 James M. Robb, Philadelphia. 
 Edward T. Steel, Philadelphia. 
 John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. 
 John Price Wetherill, Philadelphia. 
 Henry Winsor, Philadelphia. 
 Wm. L. Strong, New York 
 Amos R. Little, Philadelphia. 
 John Baird, Philadelphia. 
 Thomas H. Dudley, New Jersey. 
 A. S. Hewitt, New York. . 
 
 John Cummings, Massachusetts. 
 John Gorman, Rhode Island. 
 Charles W. Cooper, Pennsylvania. 
 William Bigler, Pennsylvania. 
 Robert M. Patton, Alabama. 
 J. B. Drake, Illinois. 
 George Bain, Missouri. 
 
 SECRETARY AND TREASURER. 
 
 Frederick Fbaley, Philadelphia. 
 
 financial agent. 
 William Bigler. 
 
 AUDITOR. 
 
 Henry S. Lansing. 
 
 PARTICIPATION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. 
 
 By an act of Congress, approved June, 1874, the 
 President was requested, in the name of the United 
 States, to extend to all foreign governments a respect- 
 ful and cordial invitation to be represented and take 
 part in the International Exhibition ; in compliance 
 with which, such an invitation was extended through 
 the Department of State, the diplomatic representa- 
 tives, and, in some cases, consular representatives of 
 the United States, having been instructed to convey 
 such invitations to the several governments on the 
 30th of June, 1874. The governments which formally 
 accepted and appointed commissions to superintend 
 the exhibitions of their citizens are the following : 
 
 Argentine Confederation, Italy, 
 Austria-Hungary, Japan, 
 
 Belgium, Liberia, 
 
 Bolivia, Mexico, 
 
 BrazU, Netherlands, 
 
 Chili, Nicaragua, 
 
 China, Norway, 
 
 Denmark, Orange Free State, 
 
 Ecuador, Persia, 
 
 Egypt, Peru, 
 
 France and Algeria, Portugal, 
 
 Germany, Russia, 
 
 Great Britain, with Aus- Siam, 
 tralia and Canada, Spain, 
 
 Guatemala and Salvador, Sweden, 
 Hawaii, Tunis, 
 
 Hayti, Turkey, 
 
 Honduras, U. S. of Colombia, 
 
 Venezuela. 
 
ADDITIONAL FACTS. 
 
 The subjoined facts did not reach the Compiler 
 until after he had finished reading the proofs of this 
 volume, and they are inserted in this place, as the 
 best thing he could do under the circumstances, to 
 secure completeness in his records : 
 
 Allen, Thomas. — He was elected in 1837 Public 
 Printer for the National House of Representatives. 
 
 Andrews, Israel D. — He was a native of 
 Maine ; received a good education ; served for sev- 
 eral years as a Consul of the United States, in New 
 Brunswick and Canada ; and as a Special Commis- 
 sioner of the United States he prepared a valuable 
 work on the Commerce of the Britisii-American Col- 
 onies and the Great Lakes, which was published by 
 the Government in 1853. Died in Washington City. 
 
 Austin, Horace, — He was born in Connecticut 
 in 1831 ; received an academical education, and 
 taught school ; removed to Maine, and there studied 
 law ; in 1856 he removed to Minne.sota, where he 
 practiced his profession ; served as a Captain, under 
 General Sibley, against the Indians in 1863 ; in 186-1 
 he was elected a District Judge; in 1869 he was 
 elected Governor of Minnesota, and re-elected for a 
 second term ; and on account of his health he retired 
 to private life, where he remained until 1876, when 
 he was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury in 
 Washington. 
 
 Babeoclc, O, E. — Although an oflBcer of the 
 army, much of his public life was devoted to Civil 
 Service. He was born in Vermont ; graduated at 
 West Point in 1861 ; served as an Engineer at Wash- 
 ington and Harper's Ferry, in Virginia, and Kentucky; 
 was made a Major in 1864, and became an Aid-de- 
 Camp to General Grant, with whom he remained 
 through the Peninsular Campaign ; on the election of 
 General Grant to the Presidency, Major Babcock was 
 designated liis Private Secretary ; and contrary to 
 former usage was made Commissioner of Public 
 Grounds, and also Engineer and Surveyor for the 
 District of Columbia, having attained the rank of 
 Colonel and Brigadier-General by brevet. In Janu- 
 ary, 1876, he was indicted by the Grand Jury of St. 
 Louis for complicity in certain revenue frauds, and 
 although he demanded a military trial, he came lo a 
 civil trial in February, when the President testified 
 in liis behalf by deposition, and he was acquitted. 
 This trial was unique in the history of the United 
 States, and attracted universal attention, and the re- 
 sult was hailed with great gratification by the whole 
 country. 
 
 Seek, ,Tames S. — In January, 1876, he was 
 elected a Senator in Congress, for the term commen- 
 cing in 1877, and ending in 1883. 
 
 jaUitigs, Edward C. — He was appointed in 
 January, 1876, a Judge of the United States Court 
 for the District of Louisiana, in the place of Durell, 
 superseded. 
 
 Slair, Jacob S. — In January, 1876, he was ap- 
 pointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of Wyoming. 
 
 Holies, ,Tohn A, — He was born in Connecticut, 
 and in 1865 he was appointed, from Massachusetts, 
 Solicitor for the Navy Department. 
 
 Softs, John M. — He published a Secret History 
 of the Great Rebellion ; and died in Richmond, Vir- 
 ginia, January 8, 1869. 
 
 Srewster, David P, — Died at Oswego, New 
 York, February 21, 1876. 
 
 Bristol, Warren. — In February, 1876, he was 
 appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
 Court for the Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Chesley, Charles. — He was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire, and in 1871 he was appointed Solicitor for the 
 Internal Revenue Department. 
 
 Clemson, Thomas G. — He was born in Penn 
 sylvania ; received a superior education, and devoted 
 himself to the study of chemistry ; was Charge 
 d' Affaires to Belgium from 1844 to 1851 ; subsequent- 
 ly resided in Maryland, near Washington, but hav- 
 ing married a daughter of John C. Calhoun, became 
 a resident of South Carolina. 
 
 Cooke, Thomas Surrage. — He was born in 
 Northford, Connecticut, in 1780 ; prepared himself to 
 enter Yale College, but ill-health prevented his en- 
 trance ; removed to Catskill, New York, about the 
 beginning of the century ; studied law, and became 
 a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; was a Repre- 
 sentative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 
 1813 ; was an intimate friend of De Witt Clinton, and 
 served in the New York Legislature in 1838 and 1839 ; 
 was for many years President of the Cat'ikill Bank, 
 and was one of the earliest projectors of railroads in 
 this country. When in Congress, he made a large 
 and valuable collection of papers and documents, 
 which were destroyed when the Capitol was burned. 
 In spelling his name he added the letter E ; died in 
 Catskill. 
 
 Eastman, Seth. — Bom in Brunswick, Maine, 
 January 34, 1808 ; graduated at West Point in 1839 ; 
 was made a Captain in 1839 ; Major of Infantry in 
 1856 ; Lieutenant-Colonel in 1861 ; and Brigadier- 
 General in 1866. From 1833 to 1840 he was a teacher 
 of drawing at the West Point Academy ; served with 
 credit in the Florida War, and on the Western fron- 
 tier ; was the author of a work on Topographical 
 Drawing, and was employed by the Government to 
 illustrate the " History, Condition, and Future Pros- 
 pects of the Indian Tribes," edited by H. R. School- 
 craft, which duty he performed with skill and rare 
 judgment. He excelled in several branches of the fine 
 arts, and, after being retired from the army, he was 
 employed as an artist and adviser in decorating the 
 National Capitol. He was a man of great refinement 
 and culture, and universally esteemed for his high 
 character. Died in Washington in 1875. 
 
 Edwards, Thomas O.— He died in Wheeling, 
 West Virginia, in February, 1876. He was in Con- 
 gress with John Quincy Adams, whom he supported 
 in his arms at the time of the venerable statesman's 
 fatal attack of illnesss. 
 
 Fisher, Joseph jr.— In February, 1876, he was 
 appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court 
 for the Territory of Wyoming. 
 
 Fuller, Thom,as J. D. — He died near Upper- 
 ville, Virginia, February 13, 1876. 
 
634 
 
 ADDITIONAL FACTS. 
 
 Gill, Charles H. — In February, 1876, be was 
 appointed Commissioner of Pensions in the Interior 
 Department. He was a citizen of Wisconsin, and re- 
 sided at Madison, where he practiced the profession 
 of law, and held several public positions. 
 
 Hai/den, Ferdinand V, — Born in Westfield, 
 Massachusetts, September 7, 1839; graduated at Ob- 
 erlin College in 1850, and the Albany Medical College 
 in 1853 ; for several years thereafter he made Geolog- 
 ical Explorations in Dakota and on the head waters 
 of the Missouri River; his collections attracted atten- 
 tion, and he was appointed a Government Geologist; 
 as a Medical officer he served in the Army from 18(51 
 to 1865, and attained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; 
 in the latter year he was appointed Professor of Ge- 
 ology, etc., in the University of Pennsylvania; in 1866 
 he made a second expedition to the LTpper Missouri; 
 in 1867 he organized the Geological Surveys for the 
 Territories of the United States; and up to the year 
 1874 he had published eight Reports of Territorial 
 Explorations. He has been a frequent contributor to 
 the American Journal of Science, and to the Reports 
 of the Smithsonian Institution, and is a member of 
 many learned Societies in America and Europe. 
 
 Herrinfi, Elbert. — He died in New York, Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1S7U, in the ninety-ninth year of his age. 
 
 Hogg, Samnel. — He was the son of Thomas 
 Hogg, a major in the Revolutionary War, and born 
 In Halifax, North Carolina, April 18, 1783; studied 
 medicine, and practice.! the profession in Tennessee ; 
 served as a Surgeon in the Army during the Creek 
 War, and was with General Jackson at New Orleans, 
 where he acquitted himself with great credit in the 
 hospitals ; was elected to the State Legislature, and 
 was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819, 
 and declined a re-election. In 1838 he settled in 
 Nashville, where he practiced his profession until his 
 death, excepting two years which he spent in Missis- 
 sippi for his health. He was President of the Medi- 
 cal Society of Tennessee, and received honorary de- 
 grees from the Universities of Maryland and Penn- 
 sylvania. Died at Nashville, May 28, 1843. It was 
 the mother of Dr. Hogg, who, when Tarlton sneer- 
 ingly said that he would like to see the Col. Wash- 
 inirton of whom he had heard so much, replied : 
 " You would have had tliat pleasure if you had only 
 taken the time to look behind you in your flight from 
 the battle of Cowpens." 
 
 tTohnson, H, C. — He was a citizen of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and was appointed Commissioner of Customs 
 to succeed William T. Haines. 
 
 Johnson, Iteverdy, — In the latter part of 1875, 
 notwithstanding his advanced age, he made a profes- 
 sional visit to England ; and on February 10, 1876, 
 while visiting Annapolis, his native town, he was 
 found dead near the threshold of the Governor's 
 mansion, where he had been dining with a few 
 friends. He was not feeling well, and had left the 
 table for a few moments to obtain a little fresh air, 
 when, at a moment when no one was near, he fell to 
 the earth, as was supposed, and immediately expired. 
 
 Ziaurance, John. — The name of this Senator 
 is erroneously printed Lawrence in the preceding 
 pages. 
 
 Loclcivood, H. IT. — He was born in Delaware ; 
 graduated at West Point in 1832; served in the Flor- 
 ida War, and resigned in 1837; in 1841 he entered the 
 Navy as Professor of Mathematics; served with T. 
 A. C. Jones on the Pacific, and was at the taking of 
 Monterey in 1847; was subsequently stationed at the 
 
 Annapolis Academy as Professor of Philosophy and 
 Astronomy; volunteered to serve in the Army during 
 the Rebellion, and commanded a brigade at Gettys- 
 burg, where he distinguished himself; after the war 
 he returned to the Naval Academy, and was subse- 
 quently assigned to duty as a Professor at the Naval 
 Observatory 
 
 Orth, Godlore S, — In February, 1876, he was 
 nominated by his party for the Governorship of In- 
 diana, and soon afterwards resigned his position as 
 Minister to Austria. 
 
 Peck, Luther C. — He was educated for the 
 legal profession, and attained a high position therein 
 before entering Congress as a Representative, and he 
 died at Nunda, New York, February 5, 1876. 
 
 Porter, J. DeForesf, — In February, 1876, he 
 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United 
 States Court for the Territory of Arizona. 
 
 Pou)ell, J. IV. — Born at Mount Morris, New 
 York, in 1834 ; graduated at the Illinois Wesleyan 
 University ; served as a Lieutenant of Volunteers in 
 the War for the Union and lost his right arm at 
 Shiloh ; made a Major in 1864 ; after the war was 
 made professor of Natural History and Geology in the 
 Wesleyan University ; in 1869 made some highly im- 
 portant discoveries in the Territory of Colorado and 
 published various reports of great interest ; in 1870 
 was made Chief of the Colorado Exploring Expedition, 
 spending the following year in the far west ; and in 
 1873 be was appointed Geologist of the Geographical 
 Surveys of the Territories, When not in the field 
 his residence is Washington City, where he is highly 
 appreciated for his contributions to science. 
 
 Huj/tnond, Bossiter W. — He was a citizen of 
 New York, and having received the appointment of 
 United States Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 
 published valuable reports on the Minerals of the 
 Rocky Mountains in 1869, 1870-1872, and 1873. 
 
 Ilea, David. — He was bom in Ripley County, 
 Indiana, January 19, 1831 ; after receiving a good 
 education he removed to Missouri in 1843 ; studied 
 law and practiced the profession in the town of 
 Savannah ; and in 1874 he was elected a Represent- 
 ative from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress. 
 (This notice was mislaid tintil it was too late to print 
 it in its proper place.) 
 
 Reed, William B, — ^He died in New York City, 
 February 18, 1876. Although formerly a resident of 
 Philadelphia the later years of his life were spent in 
 New York, where he was employed as a writer for 
 the press. He was at one time the American corres- 
 pondent of the London Times, and was a personal 
 friend of Thackeray, of whom he published an inter- 
 esting memorial. 
 
 Bice. John Iff. — Soon after the organization of 
 the Forty-fourth Congress he was appointed Librarian 
 of the House of Representatives ; his predecessors in 
 tliat position having been C. C. Cliaffee, an ex-mem- 
 ber of Congress ; Whitelaw Beid, the editor ; James 
 Tisdale ; John J. Piatt, the poet ; and the compiler 
 of this volume. 
 
 Bobbins, John, — As this person refused to give 
 the compiler any information about himself, it has 
 been difficult, because of conflicting records, to deter- 
 mine even the correct spelling of his name. It would 
 now appear, however, that John Robbins, Jr., page 
 359, and John Robins, page 360, refer to the same 
 man. 
 
ADDITIONAL FACTS. 
 
 635 
 
 Hutherford, Allan. — Resigned tlie office of 
 Third Auditor, in January, 1876. 
 
 Simtiions, Thomas. — He was appointed in 
 1875 an Assistant Attorney-General. 
 
 Stereils, H, S. — Bom in Weston, Vermont, in 
 1832 ; received an English education ; emigrated to 
 New Mexico in 1851 ; settled in Arizona in 1856 ; 
 served in the Territorial Legislature from 1868 for 
 four years ; and was elected a Delegate to the Forty- 
 fourth Congress. 
 
 Taylor, M'illiam M. — The three lines preced- 
 ing this name on page 419 were printed inadvertently, 
 and should be omitted. 
 
 Van Cortlandt, Pierre, Jr. — He was the 
 
 brother of Philip, and died in 1848 near Peekskill, 
 New York, at the manor-house of the family. 
 
 Wilson, Sliiford. — -He was born in Illinois ; 
 educated for the legal profession ; and in 1874 he 
 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury. 
 
 Washhurne, EliJiu B. — One of the first ap- 
 pointments made by President Grant after entering 
 the Executive Mansion was that of Mr. Wa-shburne as 
 Secretary of State ; this office, however, he soon re- 
 signed, and was then made Minister to France, where 
 he has remained to the present time. 
 
 Belhnap, Willinm TT.— Early in March, 1876, 
 he resigned his position as Secretary of War, and 
 was immediately impeached by the House of Kepre- 
 sentatives for malfeasance in office. 
 
 Dana, Richard H., Jr. — Son of the poet 
 bearing the same name, and grandson of Francis 
 Dana, the jurist ; born in Cambridge, Massachu- 
 setts, August 1, 1815 ; graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1837 ; but his studies having been interrupted 
 by a weakness of the eyes, he went to sea, and 
 published a famous book entitled " Two Years before 
 the Mast." He studied law at the Dane School, was 
 for a time a professor in Harvard College, and came 
 to the bar in 1840. In 1841 he published " The Sea- 
 man's Friend," and " Seaman's Manual ; " was emi- 
 nently successful as an advocate, and engaged in 
 many important trials ; always the friend of the 
 sailor ; was a frequent contributor to the North 
 Americnn Remew and the Law Reporter ; was one of 
 the founders of the Free-Soil party in Massachusetts ; 
 served in the State Legislatui'e ; was a leading mem- 
 
 ber of the State Convention of 1853 ; was for five 
 years United States Attorney for Massachusetts ; 
 prominent as a member of the Episcopal Church ; 
 and in March, 1876, after a most honorable career, he 
 was appointed Minister to England, in place of R. C. 
 Schenck. 
 
 Gorhant, CJiarles F. — In March, 1876, he was 
 appointed from the State of Michigan Assistant Sec- 
 retary of the Interior Department. 
 
 Morrill, Lot M.—On the 6th of March, 1876, he 
 was appointed Sscretary of War in the place of Wil- 
 liam W. Belknap, but declined the position. 
 
 Taft, Alphoiiso. — Long a citizen of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio ; a lawyer and a judge; on the 7th of March, 1876, 
 he was appointed Secretary of War in the place of 
 William W. Belknap, and accepted the office. 
 
 Ven able, Abraham W. — He died at his resi- 
 dence in North Carolina, early in March, 1876. 
 
IN"DEX BY STATES, 
 
 OF THE FEDERAL CONGRESS. 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Abercrombie, James 1 
 
 Alston, William J 6 
 
 Bagby, Arthur P 10 
 
 Baylor, E. E. B 2B 
 
 Belser, James E 29 
 
 Bowdou, Franklin W 42 
 
 Bradford, Saul 45 
 
 Bragg, John 4t» 
 
 Bromberg. Frederick George 49 
 
 Buck, Alfred E 65 
 
 Buckley, Charles W 66 
 
 Caldwell, John U 64 
 
 Chambers, Henry 74 
 
 Chapman, Reuben 76 
 
 Clay, Clement C 83 
 
 Clay, Clement C, Jr 83 
 
 Clemens, Jeremiah 85 
 
 Clopton, David 87 
 
 Cobb, Williamson R. W 88 
 
 Cotteral, J. L. T 96 
 
 Crabb. George W 98 
 
 Crowell. John 103 
 
 Curry, J. L. M 104 
 
 Dargan, EdwardS 109 
 
 Dellet, James 116 
 
 Dowdell. James F 125 
 
 Dox, Peter M 125 
 
 Filzpatrick, Benjamin 148 
 
 Forney. William H 151 
 
 Gayle, John ... 162 
 
 Goldthwaite, George 167 
 
 Handley, William A 184 
 
 Haralf-son, Jeremiah 185 
 
 Harris, Sampson W 1S9 
 
 Haughey, Thomas 193 
 
 Hays, Charles 195 
 
 Hewitt, Goldsmith 201 
 
 Hilliard, Henry W 204 
 
 Houston, George S 211 
 
 Hubbard, David 214 
 
 Inge, Samuel W 220 
 
 Kellogg, Francis W. (see Michigan).. 236 
 
 King, William R 243 
 
 I.awler, Joab 261 
 
 Lewis, Burwell B 268 
 
 Lewis, Dixon H 258 
 
 Lyon, Francis 8 267 
 
 Mardis, Samuel W 272 
 
 Martin, Joshua L 276 
 
 McConnell, Felix G 281 
 
 McKinley, John 286 
 
 Moore, Gabriel 298 
 
 Moore, Sydenham E 298 
 
 Murphy, John 306 
 
 Norria, Benjamin W 313 
 
 Owen, George W 319 
 
 Payne, Winter W 326 
 
 Pelham, Charles 328 
 
 Phillips, Philip 3:13 
 
 Pickens, Israel (see North Carolina) . . 834 
 
 Pierce, Charles W 333 
 
 Pugh, James L 346 
 
 Rapier, James T 351 
 
 Sheats, Charles Christopher 381 
 
 Sherrod, William C 384 
 
 Shorter, Eli S 385 
 
 Sloss, Joseph H 389 
 
 Smith, William R 396 
 
 Spencer, George E 398 
 
 Stallworth, James A 400 
 
 Turner, Benjamin Steeling 434 
 
 Walker, John W 445 
 
 Walker, Percy 445 
 
 Warner, Willard 450 
 
 White, Alexander 459 
 
 Williams, Jeremiah N 466 
 
 Tancey, William L 480 
 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Ashley, Chester 12 
 
 Bates, James W 25 
 
 Boles, Thomas 39 
 
 Borland, Solon 41 
 
 Callis, John B 65 
 
 Clayton, Powell 85 
 
 Conway, Henry W 93 
 
 Cross, Edward 102 
 
 Dorsey, Stephen W" 124 
 
 Elliott, James T. 135 
 
 Fulton, Williams 158 
 
 Gannt, E. W 159 
 
 Cause, Lucien Cotesworth 161 
 
 Greenwood. A. B 173 
 
 Gunter, Thomas M 176 
 
 Hanks, James M 184 
 
 Hindman, Thomas C 204 
 
 Hinds, James 204 
 
 Hodges, Asa 906 
 
 Hynes, William J 22U 
 
 Johnson, Robert W 229 
 
 McDonald, Alexander 282 
 
 Mitctlell, Charles B 295 
 
 Newton, Thomas W 310 
 
 Rice, Benjamin P 355 
 
 Rogers, Anthony A. C 362 
 
 Roots. Logan H 864 
 
 Rust, Albert , 367 
 
 Sebastian, W. K 3T6 
 
 Sevier. Ambrose H 378 
 
 Slemons, W. P 388 
 
 Snyder, Oliver P S9H 
 
 Warren. Edward A 450 
 
 Wilshire, William W 469 
 
 Yell, Archibald 480 
 
 California. 
 
 Axtell, Samuel B 15 
 
 BIdwell, John 32 
 
 Booth, Newton 40 
 
 Broderick, David C 49 
 
 Casserly. Eugene 72 
 
 Clayton, Charles 84 
 
 Coghlan, John M 89 
 
 Cole, Cornelius 90 
 
 Conness, John 92 
 
 Denver, James W 118 
 
 Fremont. John Charles 156 
 
 Gilbert, Edward 164 
 
 Gwin, William M 177 
 
 Hager, John S 178 
 
 Haun, H.P 193 
 
 Herbert, Philip T 200 
 
 Higby, William 202 
 
 Houghton, Sherman 211 
 
 Johnson. James A 228 
 
 Latham, Milton S 250 
 
 Low. Frederick F 264 
 
 Luttrell. John K 266 
 
 Marshall, Edward C 273 
 
 McCorkle, Joseph W 281 
 
 McDongall, James A 283 
 
 McKibl)in, Joseph C. 286 
 
 McRuer. Donald C 288 
 
 Merritf, Samuel A 291 
 
 Page, Horace Francis 320 
 
 Phelps, Timothy G 8.33 
 
 Piper, William A 337 
 
 Sargent, Aaron A 370 
 
 Scott, Charles L 374 
 
 Shannon, Thomas B 380 
 
 Weller, John B. (see Ohio) 455 
 
 Wigginton, P. D 463 
 
 Wright, George H 478 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Adams. Andrew — 1 
 
 Allen, John 5 
 
 Arnold, Samuel 11 
 
 Baldwin, John 18 
 
 Baldwin, Roger Sherman 18 
 
 Baldwin, Simeon 19 
 
 Barber, Noves 20 
 
 Barnuni, William H 21 
 
 Belcher. Nathan 28 
 
 Belts, Thaddcus 31 
 
 Bishop, William D 34 
 
 Boardman, Elijah 39 
 
 Boardman, William W 39 
 
 Booth, Walter 40 
 
 Brace. Jonathan 44 
 
 Brandegee, Auguslus 46 
 
 Brockway. John H 49 
 
 Buckingham, William A 56 
 
 Burnhain, Alfred A 60 
 
 Burrows, Daniel 61 
 
 Butler, Thomas B 62 
 
 Catlin, George S 73 
 
 Champion, Epaphroditus 75 
 
 Chapman Charles 76 
 
 Clark. Ezra, Jr 80 
 
 Cleveland, Chaancey F 85 
 
 Coit, Joshua 89 
 
 Cooke, Joseph V 94 
 
 Daggett. David 106 
 
 Dana, Samuel W 103 
 
 Davenport, James 109 
 
 Davcni)0rt, John 1 10 
 
 Dean. Sidney 114 
 
 Deane. Silas 114 
 
 Deming, Henry 117 
 
 Dixon, James 122 
 
 Dyer, Eliphalet 130 
 
 Dwight, Theodore 130 
 
 Eaton, William W 132 
 
 Edmond, William 132 
 
 Edwards, Henry W 133 
 
 Edwards, Pierrepont 134 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver 136 
 
 Ellsworth. William W 136 
 
 English. James E 133 
 
 Ferry, Orris S 144 
 
 Foot, Samnel A 160 
 
 Foster, LaFayette S 163 
 
 Fowler, Orin 164 
 
 Gilbert, Sylvester 164 
 
 Gillette, Francis 165 
 
 Godrtard. Calvin 16fi 
 
 Goodrich, Chauncey 168 
 
 Goodrich, Elizur 163 
 
 Giriswold. Roger 175 
 
 Haley, Elisha 179 
 
 Hawley, Joseph R 194 
 
 Hillhoiise, James 203 
 
 Hillhouse. William 204 
 
 Holmes, Uriel 208 
 
 Holt. Ornn 209 
 
 Hosmer, Titus 211 
 
 Hotchkiss. Julius 211 
 
 Hubbard, John H 215 
 
 Hubbard, R. D 215 
 
 Hubbard. Samuel Dickinson 215 
 
 Huntington, Benjamin 218 
 
 Huntington, Ebenezer 219 
 
 Huntington, Jabez W 219 
 
 Huntington, Samuel 219 
 
 IngersoTI, Colin M 221 
 
 Ingersoll, Ralph J 221 
 
 Ingham, Samuel 221 
 
 Jackson, Ebenezer, Jr 223 
 
 Johnson, William S 230 
 
 Judson, Andrew T 234 
 
 Kellogg, Stephen W 236 
 
 Landers, G. M 248 
 
 Lanman. James 249 
 
 Law, Lyman 2.51 
 
 Law, Richard 261 
 
 Learned, Amasa 263 
 
 Loomis, Dwight 263 
 
 Mervin. Orange 991 
 
 Miner, Phineas 295 
 
 Mitchell, Stephen M 296 
 
 Moseley, Jonathan Ogden 304 
 
 Niles, John M 311 
 
 Osborne, Thomas B 318 
 
 Perkins, Elias 329 
 
 Phelps, Elisha 332 
 
 Phelps, James a32 
 
 Phelps, Launcelot 332 
 
 Pitkin. Timothy 337 
 
 Plant, David 338 
 
 Pratt, James T 344 
 
 Rockwell, John A 3ii2 
 
 Root, Jesse 364 
 
638 
 
 INDEX BY STATES, 
 
 Rnss, John g^-, 
 
 Seymour, Oii^'en S 370 
 
 Seymour, Thomas H 3-9 
 
 Sherman, Roger .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 383 
 
 Sherwood, Henry 354 
 
 Sherwood, Samuel B . 3S4 
 
 Simons, Samuel '."" 301; 
 
 Smith, John Cotton... SSS 
 
 Smith. Nathan %i 
 
 Smiih, Nathaniel 393 
 
 Smith, Perry ].[".[[['. 393 
 
 Smith, Iruman 394 
 
 Spencer, Joseph aoo 
 
 Starkweather, H. H 
 
 402 
 401 
 
 Stewart, John ..........'.'.'.' ' 406 
 
 Stoddaril, Ebenezer.. 4iifi 
 
 Stonv, William L .■.■.■;;.'.■.■:.■■ 409 
 
 Strong, Jedcdiah 411 
 
 Slrong, Julius L 411 
 
 Sturgis, Jonathan '.".'.'.'.'.'..'. 413 
 
 Slur:: is. Lewis Burr .*.!!.".'." 413 
 
 Swift, Zephaniah 415 
 
 Tallmailge, Benjamin... 41K 
 
 Terry. Nathaniel .■.■.■.■■.■;:: 420 
 
 "^ ' son, Gideon .428 
 
 Tr;'"^'^' 
 
 Temple, William 
 
 Tilton, James... . 
 Van Dyke, Nichol.i'eV ' 
 Van Dyke, Nicholas.. 
 
 Vining, John 
 
 Wales, John 
 Wells, WilliamH;;"" 
 White, Samuel.. 
 Whiteley, William G.'. 
 Williams, James 
 
 ... 420 Gwinnett, Button ,- 
 
 ... 42T Hal)er^ham, John ji 
 
 ... 4.39 I Habersham, Joseph .' - 
 
 ... 439 I Habersham. Richard W 1- 
 
 ... 442 Hackelt. Thomas C... 17 
 
 ....444 Hall, Bollincr }', 
 
 ey. Isaac. 
 
 I'. Uri 
 
 John ['[ 43Q 
 
 Tninihull. Jonathan '" 432 
 
 Trnmhull. Joseph .■.■.■.■.■.■.".■." 432 
 
 Trunilnil!. Joseph ]] 432 
 
 Tweedy. Samuel '_['_" 43.^ 
 
 Wad-woitli, James ' 443 
 
 W'adsworih. Jeremiah 443 
 
 Waldo, LorinP aai 
 
 Warner, Samuel L 
 
 Welch, William W ■" 
 
 Whitman, Lemuel 401 
 
 Whittlese.v. Thomas T 4n■^ 
 
 Wildman.Zalmon... . ' dr,^ 
 
 Willey.Calvin 4M 
 
 Williams, ThomasScott.... " 467 
 
 Williams, Thomas W .'.'.'.'.'.'.' 4ti8 
 
 Florida. 
 
 Brockenbrongh, William H 
 
 Cabell, Edward C 
 
 Call, Richard K. 
 
 Connover, Simon B.. ... 
 
 Downing, Charles. ..'.'. '. 
 
 Gilbert, Abijah 
 
 Hainilion, Charles M.... 
 Hamilton, Morgan C 
 
 Hawkins, George S 
 
 Hernandez, Joseph M. . 
 
 Jones, Charles W 
 
 Mallory, Stephen R. 
 Maxwell, Augustus E... 
 Morton, Jackson.. 
 Niblack, Silas N.... 
 Osborn, T. W... 
 Pnrmaii, William j"! "' 
 
 Welch. Adonija S . " 
 
 Westcott. James D 
 White, Joseph M 
 Yulee, David L.... 
 
 4.'i6 Hall, Lyman 
 
 460 ! Hammond, Samuel. iS 
 
 4lil I Haralson, Hugh A.. iSI 
 
 466 Hardman. ThSmas,Jr::::::: 185 
 
 Harris, Henry R ' " ,110 
 
 Hartridge, Julian,.. iS? 
 
 Haynes Charles E iU 
 
 49 I Heflin, Roberts... igs 
 
 63 Hill. Benjamin H.... iS 
 
 Hill, Joshna '.'.]'.]' '.'.'.]'.][' 20.3 
 
 204 
 
 Williams, William, 
 
 Wolcotl, Oliver 474 
 
 Woodniff, George C .' 476 
 
 Woodriifl', John .' 475 
 
 Toung, Ebeu 
 
 481 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Bassett, Richard 24 
 
 Bates, Martin W g.^ 
 
 Bayard, James A !!! !i 25 
 
 Bayard, James A '.' 0,5 
 
 Bayard, Richard H 25 
 
 Bayard. Thomas P 05 
 
 Bedford, Gunning .' ^ 
 
 Bedford. Gunning. Jr 27 
 
 Biggs, Benjamin T ]'.'.'.'.'.' W. 33 
 
 Brooinc, Jatnes M... 51 
 
 Clayton, John M .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 84 
 
 Clayton, Joshna 85 
 
 Clayton, Thomas '.'.'.'.'.'. 85 
 
 Comcgys, Joseph P. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas 
 
 Cullen, ElishaD.... 
 Dickinson, John... 
 
 Evans, .John 
 
 Fisher. George P.... 
 
 Hall, Willard 
 
 sey. Onlerbridge 
 
 1.39 
 
 211 
 
 Houston, John W '.!!*.'.!".*.!"!! 212 
 
 Johns. Kensey '.'." '/ 227 
 
 Kearney, Dyre .' 235 
 
 Lattimer, Henry '.'.'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'. 2.')b 
 
 Lofland, James R 263 
 
 McConib, Eleazer 281 
 
 McKean, Thomas 2*^5 
 
 Milligan, John J '..'.'.'.'." 294 
 
 Mitchell, Nathaniel " 290 
 
 Naudain, Arnold []' 307 
 
 Nicholson. John A .' 311 
 
 Patton, John 3gti 
 
 Peery, William 328 
 
 Read. Gi orge ]; 351 
 
 Riddle, George Read .357 
 
 Ridgeley, Henry M ..: 357 
 
 Robinson. Thomas 361 
 
 Rodney, Ciesar " ,362 ' 
 
 Rodney, Caesar A 
 
 Rodney, Daniel ,, 
 
 Rodney, George B 
 
 Roduiy. Thomas 
 
 Sanlsbnry, Eli 
 
 Sanlsbury, Willard...'.'.'.'.'.'.' .'.'."'.'."■"■ 
 
 Sinithers, Nathaniel B 
 
 Sprn.ince. Presley 
 
 Sykcs, James 
 
 Syinnus John Cleves 
 
 Georgia. 
 
 450 AI)hot,,JoeI 
 
 Alford, JnliusC " 
 
 Bailey, David J. 
 Baldwin, Abraham.... .'" 
 
 Barnett, William 
 
 Beck, Erasmns W . 
 
 B.ll, HiramP.. 
 
 Berrien. John McP. 
 
 Bibb, William W... . '" 
 
 Bigby, John Snmmerflel'd!! 
 
 Black, Edward J 
 
 Blount, James H ]'.'.', 
 
 Brownson, Nathan 
 
 Bryan, Jose]ih... 
 
 Bulloch, William B. 
 
 Bullock, Archibald 
 
 Candler, Milton A... 
 
 Cary, George 
 
 Caines. Thomas P 
 
 Chappell, A. H 
 
 Charlton, Robert M.. 
 
 Chastain. Edward W.. 
 
 Chrisly. John H '" 
 
 Clay, Joseph 
 
 Clayton, Augustin S. 
 
 Cleaveland, J. F. 
 
 Clilt, Joseph W... " "!" 
 
 Clinch, Duncan L 
 
 Cobb, Howell.... 
 
 Cobb, Howell 
 
 Cobb, Thomas W 
 
 Coffee. John 
 
 Colquiit, Alfred H... 
 Colquitt, W. T 
 
 Cook, Philip.... .'.; 
 
 Cook, Zadock. . 
 
 Cooper. Mark A .'■."" 
 
 Crawford, George W, . 
 
 Crawford, Joel 
 
 Crawford, Mariin J. 
 CrawCord, William H.... 
 Cuihbert, Alfred... 
 
 Cuthbert, John A.....'. 
 
 Dawson. William C. 
 Dent, William B. W... 
 Duboise. Dudley M 
 
 Early, Peter . . 
 
 Edwards, William P. 
 
 Elliot, John 
 
 Few, William.:...' 
 
 Floyd. John 
 
 Forsyth, John...; ;:;;.' 
 
 Fort, Tornhnson .[' 
 
 Foster. Nathaniel G. 
 Foster. Thomas F. 
 
 Freeman. James C 
 
 Gamble, Roger L 
 
 Gartrell, Lucius J.. 
 
 Gibbons. William 
 
 Gilmer, George R.. 
 
 Glascock. Thomas 
 
 Gordon. John B.. 
 
 Gove. Samuel P... . 
 
 Grnntland. Seaton '.'.',,'_', 
 
 Gunn, James \ 
 
 93 Hillyer, Junius... 
 
 125 Holsey, Hopkins 
 
 164 Houston, John. 
 
 182 Houston, William.. 
 
 182 Howley, Richard 
 
 193 Iversoii, Alfred 
 
 200 Jackson, Jabez 
 
 231 Jackson, James... ..'" 
 
 270 Jackson, James 
 
 278 Jackson, .Joseph W.. 
 
 303 Johnson, Heischell V. '" 
 
 ... . 310 Jones, George . 
 
 317 Jones, James.. 
 
 346 Jones, John J ..'!.'." 
 
 455 Jones, John W... 
 
 457 Jones. Noble wimbe'riv 
 
 460 Jimes, Seaborn. ". " 
 
 481 I King, John P 
 
 iig. T. Butler..'.'.'.;::;.:': 2!' 
 
 208 
 
 212 
 
 .... 212 
 .... 214 
 .... 222 
 .... 224 
 .... 224 
 .... 224 
 .... 224 
 ... 228 
 .... 2.31 
 .... 231 
 .... 2.32 
 .... 232 
 .... 2.32 
 .... 233 
 242 
 
 Lama 
 
 Langworthy, Edward.;;;;;;;: 
 1 I Love. Peter E 
 
 4 I Lumpkin, .John H...:; 
 
 16 Lumpkin, Wilson... ' " 
 
 16 I Matthews, George... 
 
 Melntyre, Archibald Thompsi 
 
 247 
 249 
 
 266 
 277 
 284 
 
 ... 291 
 
 Mead, CowIl 
 
 Meriwether, D.avid 
 Meriwether, L A.. 
 Meriwether, .James ^„^ 
 
 Miiiedge, John ;;:::;' 292 
 
 Millen. John ggo 
 
 Newman, Daniel ; 310 
 
 Nisbet, E. A ;.: 312 
 
 Norwood, Thomas Maneon. 313 
 
 Owen, Allen F 319 
 
 Owens, George w ;.::;;':::::;; 319 
 
 Pierce, William 3.^5 
 
 Pirce, William P 345 
 
 Prince, Charles H ;:;; 345 
 
 Prince, Oliver H ; 346 
 
 Reese. David A .oc... 
 
 Held, Robert R oS 
 
 Schley, William ;;; 3?| 
 
 Seward, James L 379 
 
 Sloan, Andrew ;;. 333 
 
 eit, Dennis ;:;;; 390 
 
 00 Smith. William E '395 
 
 86 Spalding. Thomas ; 397 
 
 87 Stephens, Alexander H.. . 404 
 "- Stiles, William H 407 
 
 Tait, Charles :::::::;;: 416 
 
 Taliaferro, Benjamin 4ifi 
 
 Tatnal), Edward F '; 417 
 
 Tatnall. Josiah ' "417 
 
 Telfair, Edward 420 
 
 Telfair, Thomas 420 
 
 95 Terrill, William ;;::::'; 420 
 
 Thompson, Wiley ; . ; ; 424 
 
 19 
 
 426 
 
 . . 428 
 
 ipp, Robert P ' ' ' ' 431 
 
 105 Trou|i, George M... '431 
 
 113 Underwood, John W. H. ;;;;;;;; 436 
 
 "•" Walker. Freeman '" 445 
 
 Walton, George ;;:: 443 
 
 W'are, Nicholas ;; 449 
 
 Warner, Hiram ; 449 
 
 Warren, Lot t ;;::;; 450 
 
 Wayne, Anthony 453 
 
 Waviie, James M 453 
 
 Wellborn, M. J ;;::;■ 455 
 
 Whiteley, Richard Henry 46] 
 
 Wilde, Richard Henry 403 
 
 Willis, Francis 4(19 
 
 Wood, Joseph ;; 475 
 
 Wright, Augustus B ',. 478 
 
 vouiig, P. M. B ■.;;■■■ 481 
 
 Zubly, John Joachim 482 
 
 Ulinois. 
 
 170 Allen, James 0... 
 
 171 Allen, William J. 
 176 I Allen, Willis 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 639 
 
 Anderson, William B 8 
 
 Arnold, Isaac N 11 
 
 Bagley, Juliii C 16 
 
 Baler. Iiavid J 17 
 
 Bilker, Edward D 17 
 
 Baker.Jiha 17 
 
 Barrere, Granville 22 
 
 Beveridjre. John L 31 
 
 Bissell, William H 36 
 
 Bond, sh;idrack 40 
 
 Breese. Sidney 47 
 
 Bromweli, Henry P. H SO 
 
 Brownins, Orvillo H 54 
 
 Biucliaid, Horatio U 58 
 
 Burr, Albert G 60 
 
 Campbell. Alexander 66 
 
 Campbell, Thompson 68 
 
 Cannon, Joiseph G 6s 
 
 Casey, Zadoc 72 
 
 Canllield, Bernard G 73 
 
 Cleincnts, Isaac 85 
 
 Cook, Burton C fl3 
 
 Cooli, Daniel P 94 
 
 Corwin. Franklin 96 
 
 Crebs.Jiihii M 101 
 
 Cillloin, Shelby M 103 
 
 Douglas, Stephen A 125 
 
 Duncan, Joseph 128 
 
 Eden, .lohn R 132 
 
 Eihvards. Ninian 133 
 
 Ewin<;. William L. D 141 
 
 Farnsworth, John F 142 
 
 Farwell. ChailesB 142 
 
 Ficklin, Orlando B 145 
 
 Fort, Green lieriyL 152 
 
 I'onke, PhilipB 153 
 
 Hardin. J(.hn J 1S5 
 
 Har.lint;. AbnerC 186 
 
 Harris, Ulinrles M 188 
 
 Harris, Thomas L 189 
 
 Harrison, Carter C 190 
 
 Harizell. William 191 
 
 Hawley. John B 194 
 
 Hay, .lolin B 194- 
 
 Henderson, Thomas J 198 
 
 Hodges. Charles D 206 
 
 Hoge, Joseph P 207 
 
 Hui-llint. Slephen A 219 
 
 Ingersoll, EI>on C 221 
 
 Jiuld, Norman B 2.34 
 
 Kane, Elias K ^... 234 
 
 Kello'/U'. William 236 
 
 Knapp, Anthony L 245 
 
 Knapp. HolierlM 245 
 
 Knox, James 216 
 
 Knykendall. Andrew J 246 
 
 Lincoln. .Mnaham 259 
 
 LOL-an, John A 262 
 
 Lovejoy, Owen 264 
 
 Marshall, Samuel S 273 
 
 Martin. James L 274 
 
 May. William L 27S 
 
 Mcblcnaiid. John A 280 
 
 McLean, John 287 
 
 McNeely. Thompson W 288 
 
 McU.>l)erts, Samuel 288 
 
 Molony. Richard S 296 
 
 Moore, Jesse H 298 
 
 Morris. Isaac N 302 
 
 Morrison, J. L. D 302 
 
 Morrison, William R 303 
 
 Monlton. Samuel W 304 
 
 Norton, Jesse O 313 
 
 Oglesliv. Richard J 315 
 
 Pope, Niiihaniel 340 
 
 Eaum. Green B 351 
 
 Rav, William H 351 
 
 Reytiolds, John 351 
 
 Eice, Edward Y 3i5 
 
 Rice, John B 355 
 
 Richardson, William A 356 
 
 Eobinson, James C 361 
 
 Robinson, John M 361 
 
 Ross, Lewis W .365 
 
 Semple. James 377 
 
 Shaw. Aaron 381 
 
 Shields, James (see Minnesota) 381 
 
 Slade, Charles 388 
 
 Smith, Robert 393 
 
 Snyder. Adam W 390 
 
 Snapp, H 39(i 
 
 Sparks, William A. J 398 
 
 Springer, William M 400 
 
 Stephenson. Benjamin 404 
 
 Stevens, Bradford N 405 
 
 Stevenson. A. E 405 
 
 Stnart, John T 412 
 
 Thomas, Jesse B. (see Indiana) 422 
 
 Thornton, Anthony 425 
 
 Trumbull. Lvman 432 
 
 Turner, Thomas J 434 
 
 Washbnrne, Ellihu B 451 
 
 Wentworth, John 456 
 
 Whiting, Richard H 461 
 
 Wike. Scott 483 
 
 Wood wortli, James H 477 
 
 Yates, Richard 480 
 
 Young, Richard M 481 
 
 Young, Timothy R 481 
 
 Indiana, 
 
 Albertson, Nathaniel 3 
 
 Baker, John H 17 
 
 Barbour, Lncien 20 
 
 Blake, Thomas H 37 
 
 Boon, Ratliff 40 
 
 ~ ntnn, Samuel 48 
 
 Bright, Jesse D 48 
 
 Brown, William J 53 
 
 Call,Jacob 65 
 
 Carr, John 70 
 
 Case, Charles 71 
 
 Cason, Thomas J 72 
 
 Cathcart, Charles W 73 
 
 Chamberlain, Ebenezer M 74 
 
 Colnirn, John 88 
 
 Colfax, Schuyler 90 
 
 veils, James A 100 
 
 vens, JamesH 100 
 
 Cumback. Will Hi4 
 
 •is, JohnG 112 
 
 ■is, John W 112 
 
 Defrees, Joseph H 116 
 
 Dnmont, Ebenezer 128 
 
 Dunham. Cyrus L 128 
 
 Dunn. George G 129 
 
 Dunn. Ge rge H 129 
 
 Dunn, William McKee 129 
 
 Eddy, Norman 132 
 
 Edgerton, Joseph Ketchum 132 
 
 - Iiree, Elisha 137 
 
 ;lish, William H 138 
 
 .ns, James Lafayette 139 
 
 Ewing, John 141 
 
 Farquhar. John H 142 
 
 Fitch, G. N 147 
 
 Foley, James B 150 
 
 Fuller, Benoni Stinson 15" 
 
 Graham. William 170 
 
 ■ L'g. JamesM 173 
 
 Hamilton. A. H 182 
 
 Hanna, Robert 184 
 
 Hannegan, Edward A 184 
 
 Harlan, Andrew J 186 
 
 Harrington. Henry W 188 
 
 Havmond.W.S 195 
 
 Heiidricks, Thomas A 198 
 
 Hendricks, William " ~ 
 
 Henelv, Thomas J 
 
 Herod, William 200 
 
 Hill, Ralph, 203 
 
 Holloway. David P .. 208 
 
 Holraan, William S 208 
 
 Howard, Tilirhman A 213 
 
 Hughes, .James 216 
 
 Hunter, Morton C 218 
 
 Jennings. Jonathan 226 
 
 Julian, George W 2.34 
 
 Kennedy. Andrew 237 
 
 Kerr, Michael C 239 
 
 Kilgore. David 240 
 
 Kinnard, George L 243 
 
 Landers, Franklin 248 
 
 Lane, Amos 248 
 
 Lane, Henry S 248 
 
 Lane, James H 248 
 
 Law, John 261 
 
 Lockhart. James 262 
 
 Mace, Daniel 268 
 
 Manson, Mahlon D 271 
 
 McCarty, Jonathan 260 
 
 McDonald, Joseph E ""' 
 
 McDowell, James Foster 
 
 McGaughey, Edward W 
 
 Mi Her. Smi th 294 
 
 Mitchell, William 296 
 
 Morton, Oliver P 
 
 Niblack, William E 
 
 Noble. James 312 
 
 Orth, Godlove S 
 
 Owen, RtbrtDale 
 
 Packard. Jasper 
 
 Park, Benjamin 
 
 Parker, Samuel W 
 
 Pet tit, John 
 
 Pettit, John U 
 
 Porter, Albert G 
 
 Pratt, Daniel D :;44 
 
 Prince, William 
 
 Pidftt, George H 
 
 Rarirlen, James 
 
 Robinson, John L 
 
 Roliinson, Milion S 
 
 Rocklilll, William 361 
 
 Sample, Samuel C 369 
 
 Sayler, Henry B 372 
 
 Scott, Harvy D 374 
 
 Shanks, John P. C 380 
 
 Smith, Caleb B 390 
 
 Smith, Oliver Hampton 393 
 
 Smith. Thomas 394 
 
 Stilwell, Thomas L 407 
 
 Taylor, Walter 419 
 
 Test, John 421 
 
 Thomas, Jesse B. (see Illinois) 422 
 
 Thompson, Richard W 424 
 
 Tipton. John 427 
 
 Turpie, D 435 
 
 Tyner, James N 436 
 
 Voorhees. Daniel W 442 
 
 Wallace, David 446 
 
 Ward, JasperD 449 
 
 Washburn, Henry D 451 
 
 Whitcomb, James 468 
 
 White, Alberts 459 
 
 Wick, William W 462 
 
 Williams, William 468 
 
 Williams, James D 466 
 
 Wilson, James 468 
 
 Wolfe, Simeon K 474 
 
 Wright, Joseph A 478 
 
 Iowa. 
 
 Ainsworth, Lncian Lester 3 
 
 Allison, William B 6 
 
 Chapman, William W... 78 
 
 Clark, Lincoln 81 
 
 Cook, JohnP 94 
 
 Cotton, AylettR 96 
 
 Curtis, Samuel R 104 
 
 Davis Timothy 113 
 
 Dodge, Augustus C 123 
 
 Dodge, Grenville M 123 
 
 Donnan, William G 124 
 
 Grimes. James W 174 
 
 Grinnell Josiah B 175 
 
 Hall, Augustus 179 
 
 Harlan, James 1.86 
 
 Hastings. Samuel Clinton 192 
 
 Uenu, Bernhart 199 
 
 Howell, James B 214 
 
 Hubbard, Asahel W 214 
 
 Jones, George W. (see Michigan) 231 
 
 Kasson.Jolm A 234 
 
 Kirkwood, Samuel J 244 
 
 Leffler. Shepherd 256 
 
 Loughridi;e, William 264 
 
 McCrary, George W 281 
 
 McUill, James Wilson 282 
 
 Miller, Daniel F 293 
 
 Oliver, Addison 31€ 
 
 Orr, Jackson 317 
 
 Palmer, Francis W 321 
 
 Poineroy, Charles 34C 
 
 Pratt, HenryO .344 
 
 Price, Hiram 345 
 
 Sampson, Ezekiel S 369 
 
 Smyth, William 396 
 
 Thompson, William 424 
 
 Thorington, James 425 
 
 Tutts.Jonn (Juincy 4.34 
 
 Vandever, William 439 
 
 Walden, Madison M 414 
 
 Wolf, William P 474 
 
 Wilson, James F 470 
 
 Wright, George C 478 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 Brown, William R 54 
 
 Clarke, Sidney 82 
 
 Cobl), Stephen Aloazo 88 
 
 Conway, Martin F 93 
 
 Goodin, John K 168 
 
 Harvey, James M 191 
 
 Ins;alls, John James 220 
 
 Lane. JamesH 248 
 
 Lowe. David P 265 
 
 Parrott. Marcus J 324 
 
 Phillips. William A 3.33 
 
 Pomerov, Samuel C .340 
 
 Rosse, E. G 364 
 
 Whitefield, J. W 461 
 
 Wilder, A. Carter 463 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Adair. .lohn 1 
 
 Adams, Gi'orge M 2 
 
 Adams. Green 2 
 
 Allen. Chilton 4 
 
 Anderson. Lneien 8 
 
 Anderson, Richard C. Jr 8 
 
640 
 
 INDEX BT STATES 
 
 Anderson, Simon H 8 ' 
 
 Anderson. William r. 8 
 
 Andrews. Landaff W 9 
 
 Arthur. William E l-J 
 
 Barry, WilliamT 28 
 
 Beaity, Martin 27 
 
 Beck, James B 27 
 
 Bedinster, Georje M 27 
 
 Bell, JofhnaF 28 
 
 Bibh. George M 31 
 
 Blackburn, J. C. S 35 
 
 Bledsoe, Jesse — 38 
 
 Boyd, Linn 43 
 
 Boyle, John 44 
 
 Bieck, Daniel 47 
 
 Breckinridge, James D 47 
 
 Breckinridge, John 47 
 
 Breckinridge, John C 47 
 
 Bnstow, Francis M 49 
 
 Brown, John 53 
 
 Brown, John Young 53 
 
 BrowD, William 63 
 
 Buckner, Aylitt 66 
 
 Bnckner, Richard A 56 
 
 Bullock, Wingfleld 58 
 
 Burnett, Henry C 59 
 
 Butler, William 62 
 
 Cakhvell. George A 64 
 
 Calhoun, John 65 
 
 Campbell, John 67 
 
 C.tmpbell. John P 67 
 
 Casey. Samuel L 72 
 
 Chambers, John 74 
 
 Chrismnn, James S 79 
 
 Clark, Jauiea 81 
 
 Clarke, Beverly L 81 
 
 Clarke, John B 82 
 
 Clay, Bruins J 83 
 
 Clay, Henry S3 
 
 Clay, James B 84 
 
 Clinion, Thomas 86 
 
 Coleman Nicholas D 90 
 
 Cox, LeanderM 98 
 
 Crist, Henry 101 
 
 Crittenden, John J 102 
 
 Crossland, Edward 103 
 
 Daniel, Henry 108 
 
 Davis, Amos 110 
 
 Davis, Garret Ill 
 
 Desha, Joseph 118 
 
 Dixnn. Archibald 122 
 
 Duncan, Garnett 128 
 
 Dunlap, George W 128 
 
 Durham, Milton J 129 
 
 Duval, William P 130 
 
 Edwards, John 133 
 
 Elliott, John M 13.S 
 
 Ewing, Presley 141 
 
 Fletcher, Thomas 149 
 
 Fowler, John 153 
 
 French, Richard 156 
 
 Gaines, John P 158 
 
 Golladay, Jacob S 167 
 
 Gorman, Willis Arnold 169 
 
 Graves William J 171 
 
 Green. Willis 172 
 
 Greenup Christopher 173 
 
 Grey, Benjamin E 174 
 
 Grider. Henry 174 
 
 Grover, Asa P 176 
 
 Guthrie, James 177 
 
 Hardin, Benjamin 185 
 
 Hardin, Martin D 185 
 
 Harding. Aaron 186 
 
 Harlan, James 186 
 
 Hawes, Albert G 193 
 
 Hawes. Richard 193 
 
 Hawkins, Joseph H 193 
 
 Henry, John F 199 
 
 Henry, Robert P 199 
 
 Hill, Clement S 202 
 
 Hise. Elijah 504 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel 210 
 
 Howard, Benjamin 212 
 
 Jackson. James S 224 
 
 Jewett. Joshua H 227 
 
 Johnson, Francis 228 
 
 Johnson, James 228 
 
 Johnson, James L 229 
 
 Johnson, John T 229 
 
 Johnson. R-chard M 229 
 
 Jones, Thomas Laurens 2;i3 
 
 Kincaid.John 241 
 
 Knolt, J. Proctor 245 
 
 Lecomple. Joseph 254 
 
 Lewis, JoFcph H 258 
 
 Losan. William 262 
 
 Love. James 2(14 
 
 Lyon, Cliitteuden 267 
 
 Lyon. Slaithew (see Vermont) 267 
 
 Wachen, Willis B 268 
 
 Mallorv, Robert 270 
 
 Marshall, Alexander K 272 
 
 Marfhiill, Humphrey 273 
 
 Marshall, Humphrey 273 
 
 Marshall, Thomas A 273 
 
 Marshall, Thomas F 273 
 
 Martin, John P 274 
 
 Mason. John C 276 
 
 McCreerv, Thomas C 282 
 
 McDowell, Josenh J 283 
 
 McHatton, Robert 284 
 
 McHenry, Henry D 284 
 
 McHenry, John H 284 
 
 McKee, Samuel 285 
 
 McKee, Samuel 285 
 
 McLean, Alney 286 
 
 McLean, Finis E 286 
 
 Menifee, Richard H 290 
 
 Menzies, John W 290 
 
 Meriwether, David 291 
 
 Metcalfe, Thomas 291 
 
 Millikin, Charles W 294 
 
 Montgomery, Thomas 297 
 
 Moore, Laban T 298 
 
 Moore, Thomas P 298 
 
 Morehead, Charles S 299 
 
 Morehead, James T 299 
 
 Murray. John L 307 
 
 New, Anthony 309 
 
 Orinsby, Stephen 317 
 
 Orr. Alexander D 317 
 
 Owsley.Bryan Y 319 
 
 Parsons, Edward T 324 
 
 Peyton. Samuel O 332 
 
 Pope. John 340 
 
 Pope, Patrick H 340 
 
 Powell, Lazarus W 343 
 
 Preston, William 345 
 
 Qnarles. Tunslall 347 
 
 Randall, William H 349 
 
 Read, William B 352 
 
 Rice, John M 356 
 
 Ritter, Burwell, C 358 
 
 Robertson, George 360 
 
 Rousseau, Lovell H 36.? 
 
 Rowan, John 365 
 
 Rumsey. Edward 366 
 
 Saiidford. Thomas 369 
 
 Shanklin, George S 380 
 
 Sharp, Solomon P 380 
 
 Simms, William E 386 
 
 Smith. Green Clay 391 
 
 Smith, John Speed 392 
 
 Soulhgate, William W 898 
 
 Speed, Thomas 397 
 
 Sprigg. James C 400 
 
 Stahdeford. Elisha D 401 
 
 Stanton, Richard H 402 
 
 Stevenson, John W 406 
 
 Stone, James 409 
 
 Stone,Jame8W 409 
 
 Sweeney. W.N 415 
 
 Swrope, Samuel F 415 
 
 Talbott, Alberto 416 
 
 Talbot Isham 416 
 
 Taul, Micah 418 
 
 Thomasson, William P 423 
 
 Thompson, John B 424 
 
 Thompson, Philip 424 
 
 Thruston, Buckner 425 
 
 Tihhatts, John W 426 
 
 Tomkins, Christopher 428 
 
 Trimble, David 431 
 
 Trimble. Lawrence S 431 
 
 Triplett, Philip 431 
 
 Trumbo, Andrew 432 
 
 Underwood, Joseph E 436 
 
 Underwood, Warner L 436 
 
 Wadsworih. William H 443 
 
 Walker, David 445 
 
 Walker, George 445 
 
 Walton, Matthew 448 
 
 Ward, A. H 448 
 
 Ward. WilliamT 449 
 
 White, Addison 459 
 
 White, David 459 
 
 White. .Tohn 460 
 
 WirklifTe, Charles A 462 
 
 Williams, Sherrod 467 
 
 Winchester. Boyd 471 
 
 Woodson. Samuel H 477 
 
 Yancv. Joel 480 
 
 Yeaiiian. George H 480 
 
 Young. Bryan R 4'il 
 
 Young, John D 481 
 
 I Young, William S 481 
 
 lioulsiana. 
 
 Barrow. Alexander 22 
 
 Benjamin. Judah P 29 
 
 Blackburn, Wni. Jasper 35 
 
 1 Bossier, Peter E 41 
 
 42 
 
 Bonligney, Dominique 
 
 Boul ignev, John Edmund 
 
 Brent, William L 
 
 Brown, James 
 
 Bui lard, Henry Adams 
 
 Butler, Thomas 
 
 Chinn, Thomas W 
 
 Claiborne, Wra. C. C. (sec Tennessee) 
 
 Clarke, Daniel 
 
 Conrad, Charles M 
 
 Darrall. Chester B 
 
 Davidson, Thomas Q 
 
 Davis, Samuel B 
 
 Dawson, John B 
 
 Destrihan, John Noel 
 
 Downs, Solomon W 
 
 Dnnbar, William 
 
 Ellis, E. John 
 
 Eustis, George, Jr 
 
 Flanders. Benjamin F 
 
 Fromentin. Eligius 
 
 Garland, Rice 
 
 Gnyarre, Charles E. A 
 
 Gibson, Randall Lee 
 
 Gurley. Henry H 
 
 Hahn, Michael 
 
 Harmanson, John H 
 
 Harris, John A 
 
 Hunt, Theodore G 
 
 Johnson. Henry 
 
 Johnston. Josiah S 
 
 Jones, Roland. .. 
 
 Kellog?. William Pitt 
 
 Kelly, William 
 
 LaBrauche, Alcee 
 
 Landrum. John M 
 
 Landry. J. Aristide 
 
 La Sere. Euiile 
 
 Levy, William Mallory 
 
 Livingston, Edward 
 
 Magruder. Allan B 
 
 Moore, John 
 
 Morey, Frank 
 
 Morse. Isaac Edwards. . '. 
 
 Mouton, Alexander 
 
 Nash. C. E 
 
 Newsham. Joseph P 
 
 Overton. Walter H 
 
 Penn. Alexander G 
 
 Perkins, John, Jr 
 
 Porter, Alexander J 
 
 Posey, Thomas 
 
 Poydras. Julian 
 
 Ripley, Eleazar W 
 
 Robertson. Thomas B 
 
 Sandidge. John M 
 
 Sheldon. Lionel A 
 
 Slidell, John 
 
 Smith, GeorL'e L 
 
 Smith, John B 
 
 Soiile, Pierre 
 
 St. Martin, Louis 
 
 Sypher, J. Hale 
 
 Taylor, Miles 
 
 Thibodeanx, B. G 
 
 Thomas. Philemon 
 
 Videl. Michel 
 
 Waggamann, George A 
 
 WcSt. J. R 
 
 White, Edward D 
 
 Maine. 
 
 Ahhott. Nehemiah 
 
 Allen. Elisha H 
 
 Anderson, Hugh J 
 
 Anderson, John 
 
 Andrews, Charles 
 
 Appleton, John 
 
 Bailey, Jeremiah 
 
 Bates, James 
 
 Belcher, Hiram 
 
 Benson, Samuel P 
 
 Blaine, James G 
 
 Bradbury, James W 
 
 Bronsoii, David 
 
 Burieigh, John H 
 
 Burleigh, William 
 
 Butman. Samuel 
 
 Carter, Timothy J 
 
 Cnrv. Shepard 
 
 Chandler, John 
 
 Cilley, Jonathan 
 
 Clapp. Asa W. H 
 
 Clark. Franklin 
 
 Clifford. Nathan 
 
 Cobnrn. Stephen 
 
 Cushman. Joshua (see Massachusetts). 
 
 Dana, Judah 
 
 Dane. Joseph 
 
 Davee, Thomas 
 
 i Dunlap, Robert P 
 
 80 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 641 
 
 Evn 
 
 139 
 
 Fairttcjid, John 14i 
 
 Farley, E. Wilder 144 
 
 Farwi-ll, Nathan A HI 
 
 Fessenden, Samuel C 144 
 
 Fessenden. T, A. D 144 
 
 Fepseiid.-Ti, William Pitt 145 
 
 Foster, Slt-phen C 15.3 
 
 French. Ezra B 156 
 
 Frye, William P 157 
 
 Fuller, Thomas J. D . . 157 
 
 Gerry, Elhridge 162 
 
 Gilm.an, Charles J 165 
 
 Goodenow, Rohert 167 
 
 Goodenow, Rufas K 168 
 
 Goodwin, John N. (see Arizona Terri- 
 tory) 168 
 
 Hale, Eujene 179 
 
 Hall, Joseph ISO 
 
 Hamlin, Hannibal IM 
 
 Hainmons, David 183 
 
 Harri«, Mark 189 
 
 Herrick. Ehenezer 200 
 
 Heriick, Joshna 200 
 
 Hersey, Samuel F 201 
 
 Hill, Mark S. (see Massachusetts) 203 
 
 Holland, Coenelios 207 
 
 Holmes, John SOS 
 
 Jarvis, Leonard 225 
 
 Kavanagrh, Edward 2;^5 
 
 Kidder, David 2(0 
 
 Knciwlton, Ebeuezer 245 
 
 Littlefleld, Nathaniel S 260 
 
 Longrellnw. Stephen 263 
 
 Lowell, Joshna A 265 
 
 Lynch, John aWi 
 
 MacDonald, Moses 268 
 
 Marshall, Alfred 273 
 
 Mason, Moses 276 
 
 Mayall, Samuel 278 
 
 McOrate, John D 281 
 
 Mclntvre, Rufns 2S4 
 
 Moor,'Wvm:in B. S 297 
 
 Morrill. Anson P 301 
 
 Morrill, Lot M 801 
 
 Morrill, Samuel P 301 
 
 Morse, Freeman H 303 
 
 Nourse, Amos 314 
 
 Noves, Joseph C 314 
 
 O'Brien, Jeremiah 314 
 
 Otis, John 318 
 
 Pariier, Isaac 322 
 
 Parks, Gorham ; 323 
 
 Piirris, Albion K 321 
 
 Parris, Virgil D 324 
 
 Perhain, Sydney .329 
 
 Perry.JohnJ 3:10 
 
 Peters. John A 3.30' 
 
 Pike. Frederick A 336 
 
 Plaisted, Harris M .3.38 
 
 Randall, Benjamin 349 
 
 Reed, I.'aac 353 
 
 Rice, John H 355 
 
 Ripley, James W 358 
 
 Robinson, Edward 361 
 
 Kug^'les, John 366 
 
 Sawtelle, Cullen 371 
 
 Scammon, John F 372 
 
 Severance, Luther 378 
 
 Shcpley, Ether 383 
 
 Smart, Ephriam K 389 
 
 Smith, Albert 390 
 
 Smith.F.O.J 391 
 
 Somes, Daniel E 396 
 
 Spragoe, Peleg 399 
 
 Stetson, Charles 404 
 
 Sweat, Lorenzo D. M 414 
 
 Wiilton, Charles W 448 
 
 Washburn, Israel, Jr 451 
 
 White, Benjamin 459 
 
 Whitman, Ezekiel (see Massachu- 
 setts! 461 
 
 Wiley, James S 463 
 
 Williams, Hezekiah 4il6 
 
 Williams. Renel 467 
 
 WillLlmson, William D 468 
 
 WiiiL-ate, Joseph F 472 
 
 Wood, John M 47^ 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Albert, William J 3 
 
 Alexander, Robert 4 
 
 Archer, John 10 
 
 Archer, Stevenson 10 
 
 Archer, Stevenson 10 
 
 Bier. George I'i 
 
 Barney, John 21 
 
 Bayley. Thomas 25 
 
 Bowie. Richard 1 43 
 
 Bowie, Thoinas P 4! 
 
 Bowie, Walter 43 
 
 Brengle. Francis 47 
 
 Brown. Ellas 52 
 
 Brown. John 53 
 
 Calvert, Charles B 6.i 
 
 Campbell, John 67 
 
 Carmichael. Richard B 69 
 
 Carmichiiel, William 69 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of Oarrollton 70 
 
 Carroll, Daniel 70 
 
 Carroll, James 70 
 
 Causin, John M. S 73 
 
 Chambers, Ezekiel P 74 
 
 Chapman, John G 76 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah T 76 
 
 Chase, Samuel 77 
 
 Christie, Gabriel .. 79 
 
 Constable, Albert 93 
 
 Contee, Benjamin 93 
 
 Cottman, Joseph S 96 
 
 Covington. Leonard 96 
 
 Crahb, Jeremiah 98 
 
 Craik, William 99 
 
 CressHoll, John A. J lOi 
 
 Crisfield, John W 101 
 
 Colbreth, Thomas 103 
 
 Davis, Henry G Ill 
 
 Davis, H. Winter Ill 
 
 Dennis, George R 117 
 
 Dennis, John 117 
 
 Dennis. Littleton P 117 
 
 Dent, George IIS 
 
 Dorsey, Clement 124 
 
 Duval, Gabriel 130 
 
 Edwards, Benjamin 133 
 
 Evans, Alexander 139 
 
 Forbes, James 150 
 
 FoiTest, Uriah 151 
 
 Franklin. John R , 155 
 
 Gate, George 1.58 
 
 Gale, Levin 158 
 
 Giles, William Fall 164 
 
 Goldsborough, Charles W 167 
 
 Goldsborongh, Robert 167 
 
 Hall, Jolin ISO 
 
 Hambleton, Samuel 181 
 
 Hamill. Patrick 181 
 
 Hamilton, William T 18i 
 
 Hammond. Edward 183 
 
 Hanson, Alexander Contee 185 
 
 Hanson. John 185 
 
 Harper, Robert G 187 
 
 Harris, Benjamin G 188 
 
 Harris, J. Morrison 189 
 
 Harrison, William 190 
 
 Heath, James P 196 
 
 Hemsley, William 197 
 
 Henkle, Eli Jones 19.'< 
 
 Henry, John 199 
 
 Herbert, John C 200 
 
 Hey ward, William, Jr 201 
 
 Hiiks, Thomas H 202 
 
 Hilleii, Solomon, Jr 203 
 
 Hindman, William 204 
 
 Hoffman, Henry W 206 
 
 Howard, BenjaminC 212 
 
 Howard, John Eager 2 i 3 
 
 Hughes, George W 216 
 
 Jenifer, Daniel, of St. Thomas 226 
 
 Jenifer. Daniel 226 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy 3'29 
 
 Johnson, Thomas 230 
 
 Johnson. William Cost 230 
 
 Jones, Isaac D 2^51 
 
 Kennedy, Anthony 2.37 
 
 Kennedy, John? 2.37 
 
 Kent, Joseph 2:i8 
 
 Kerr, John Bozman i39 
 
 Kerr. .Tohn L 239 
 
 Kev,Philip 240 
 
 Key. Philip Barton 240 
 
 Kunkel. Jacob M 246 
 
 Leary. Cornelius L. L 2.53 
 
 Lee, John 255 
 
 Lee, Thomas Sim 255 
 
 Lig.in, Thomas W 259 
 
 Little, Peter 260 
 
 Lloyd. Edward 261 
 
 Lloyrt, James 261 
 
 Lon^. Edward H 263 
 
 Lowndes, Llovd, Jr 2K5 
 
 Magrnder, Patrick 269 
 
 Martin, Luther 275 
 
 Martin, Robert N 275 
 
 Mason, John Thomson 27(i 
 
 Matthews, William 277 
 
 May, Henrv 278 
 
 McCreary, William 2.SI 
 
 McCullou-h, Hiram 282 
 
 McHenry, James 284 
 
 McKim, Alexander 2S6 
 
 McKiin, Isaac 286 
 
 McLaue, Louis 286 
 
 McLane, Robert M 286 
 
 Mercer. John P 290 
 
 Merrick, William D 291 
 
 Merrick, William M 291 
 
 Mitchell, George E 295 
 
 Montgomery, John 297 
 
 Moore, Nicholas R 298 
 
 Murray, William Vans 307 
 
 Neale, Raphael SOS 
 
 NeUon, John 308 
 
 Nelson. Roger 308 
 
 Nicholson, Joseph Hopper 311 
 
 O'Brien, William J 315 
 
 Paca, William 319 
 
 Pearce, James A 326 
 
 Perry, Thomas 33C 
 
 Peter, George 330 
 
 Phelps, Charles E 333 
 
 Pinknev. William 337 
 
 Plater. George 3;i8 
 
 Plater, Thomas 3;W 
 
 Potts, Richard 343 
 
 Pratt, Thomas G 844 
 
 Prest on , Jacob A 345 
 
 Ramsav, Nathaniel 34S 
 
 Randall. Alexander 349 
 
 Heed, Philip 353 
 
 Ricand, James B 355 
 
 Uidirely, Richard 337 
 
 Ringgold, Samnel 35S 
 
 Ritchie, John 358 
 
 Roberts, Charles B 360 
 
 Rogers, John .363 
 
 Roman, Dixon 363 
 
 Ross, David 364 
 
 Rumsey, Benjamin 366 
 
 Scott, Gttstavus 374 
 
 Semmes, Benedict J 377 
 
 Seney, Joshua 377 
 
 Sewell, James 379 
 
 Sherediue, Upton 383 
 
 Shower, Jacob 3»5 
 
 Smith, Samnel .393 
 
 Smith, William 3!i4 
 
 Soilers, Anirustos R 396 
 
 Speiice, John S 398 
 
 Spence, Thomas .\ 399 
 
 Spencer. Richard 399 
 
 Snrigg, Michael C 400 
 
 Spiigg, Richard 400 
 
 Sprigg, Thomas 400 
 
 Steele. John N 403 
 
 Sterrett, Samuel 404 
 
 Stewart, David 406 
 
 Stewart, James A 406 
 
 Stoddart, John T .». . . 408 
 
 Stone, Frederick 408 
 
 Stone, Michael 409 
 
 Stone, Thomas 409 
 
 Strudwick, William E 412 
 
 Stuart, Philip 412 
 
 Swann. Thomas 414 
 
 Thomas, Francis 422 
 
 Thomas, John C 4i2 
 
 Thomas, John L.. Jr 422 
 
 Thomas, Philip Francis 423 
 
 Tilghman, Mathew 426 
 
 Turner,James 434 
 
 Van Home, Archibald 439 
 
 Vansant, Joshua 440 
 
 Vickers, George 442 
 
 Walsh, Thomas Y 447 
 
 Walsh, William 447 
 
 Warfleld, Heniy R 449 
 
 Washington, George C 452 
 
 Webster, Edwin H 4.54 
 
 Weems, John C 454 
 
 Wethered. John 457 
 
 Whvte, William Pinkney 462 
 
 Williams, James W 466 
 
 Wilson, Ephraim K 469 
 
 Wilson, E. K 469 
 
 Worthington.John T. H 478 
 
 Worthington, Thomas C 47S 
 
 Wrisht, R.bert 479 
 
 Wright, Turbett 479 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Abbott, Amos 1 
 
 Adams, Benjamin 1 
 
 Adams, Charles F 1 
 
 .\dams,John Q 
 
 Adams, John Quincy 2 
 
 Adams, Samuel 3 
 
 Allen, Charles , i 
 
 Allen, Joseph 5 
 
 Allen, Samnel C 5 
 
 Alley, John B 6 
 
 Alvord, James C 6 
 
 Ames,Fisher 7 
 
 Ames, Oakes 7 
 
64^ 
 
 INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 Applftiiii. Nnthan 
 
 Appk'tMM, Willium 
 
 Ashnimi, Eli Porter 
 
 Anhmui'. Gedrge 
 
 Bacon, Kzi-kiel 
 
 Bacon, Jcihn 15 
 
 Bailev, O.ildsraith F 
 
 Bailey, John IB 
 
 Baker, Osm yn " 
 
 Baldwin, John D 
 
 BankH, Naihaniel P 
 
 Barker, .Joseph 
 
 Baretow, Ciideon 
 
 BanI el t. Bailey 
 
 BateB, Isaac C 
 
 Bavlies Francis 
 
 BaVlies, William 
 
 Baviii's. William 
 
 Bidin-ll, B:irnal)a8 
 
 Biu'cl.iiv, Aliijah 33 
 
 Bi^'.-I.>w. U-wis 38 
 
 Bisli(i|i, PInuiU.1 34 
 
 Bordi-n, N'.illninicl B 40 
 
 Bonrn- ^.iii-arjasul) 42 
 
 BcHitu.-i|, lir,M;;e S 42 
 
 B..w(lnin, .James 43 
 
 Bn.dl.nrv, (Jeor.e 44 
 
 Bnnlhiir., TiK-uphilus 44 
 
 Bri'.'g.-. tlcuriie N 48 
 
 Briirliain, Kliiali 48 
 
 Brooks. Guoru'e M 50 
 
 Brown, Benjamin 62 
 
 Bnice, I'hineas 54 
 
 ■Biiffinfnn, James 57 
 
 BnllcMk. strplien 57 
 
 BiirlhiL-anle, Anson 5H 
 
 Bllrnell, Biirkcr 59 
 
 Builrr. Benjamin Franklin 61 
 
 Calmr. George ti3 
 
 Calhoiii., William B «5 
 
 Carr, Francis lO 
 
 Carr, J nies 70 
 
 Chaffee. Calvin C 73 
 
 Chaiiin, Chester W 75 
 
 Choate. Ruins 79 
 
 Cohl). Daviil R7 
 
 Coffin, IVIc^' 89 
 
 Comins. Unas B 91 
 
 Conner. Snmuel S 92 
 
 Cook. (Irchard <)4 
 
 Crnpo. Willi.un W KID 
 
 Crocker, .Alv.-ih 1U2 
 
 Cr.icker. S;ininel I- 102 
 
 Crownin-hield, Benjamin W 103 
 
 Cri>wninsliield, Jacob 103 
 
 CusniuL', Caleb lo.i 
 
 Cilsliinu', Thomas 105 
 
 Cushman, Joshua (see Maine) 105 
 
 Cutler, MMnas.«eh lOli 
 
 Cutts. Richard lii« 
 
 Dallon, Trislam )07 
 
 Danire.l, William S 107 
 
 Dana, Kr;incis 107 
 
 Dana, Samuel 108 
 
 Dane. Naihan 1(18 
 
 Divis. GecugeT Ill 
 
 Davis..Tolin HI 
 
 Davis, Samuel 112 
 
 Davis, Timolhy H3 
 
 Dawes. Henry L 113 
 
 Dean.Josiuh 114 
 
 Dearhc.ru. Henry 115 
 
 DearhorTi. Henry A. S 115 
 
 Delano. Charles ll(i 
 
 Dewey, Daniel 118 
 
 DeWitI, Alexander 119 
 
 Dexter, Samuel 119 
 
 Dickinsnn, Edward 120 
 
 Dowse, Edward 125 
 
 Duncan. .lames H 128 
 
 Dwight. Henry W 130 
 
 Dwi:;ht. Thomas 130 
 
 Edmanils, J. Wiley 1.32 
 
 Eliot. S.iiiulel A 135 
 
 r.liot, Thomas D 135 
 
 Ely, William 137 
 
 Eslv, Constantino C 139 
 
 Enslis, William 1,39 
 
 Everett, Kdward 140 
 
 Fay, Francis B 143 
 
 Fletcher. Fiichard 149 
 
 Folger, Walter 150 
 
 Foster, Dwight..., 152 
 
 Freeman, Nathaniel 165 
 
 Fro-t,Knfus S 157 
 
 Fuller, Timolhy 157 
 
 Gau'e. Joshua 158 
 
 Gannett, Barzilla 159 
 
 Gardner, Gideon 160 
 
 Gerry, Elliridge 1B2 
 
 Gooch, Daniel W 1K7 
 
 Goodrich, John C I(i8 
 
 Goodhue, Benjamin 1H8 
 
 Gore, Christopher 1«9 
 
 Gorhani, Benjamin 1«9 
 
 Gotham, Nathaniel 169 
 
 Green, r. L 172 
 
 Grennell, George 174 
 
 Grinnell, Joseph 174 
 
 Grout, Jonathan 1711 
 
 Hale, Artemas 178 
 
 Hall, Robert B 180 
 
 Hancock, John 184 
 
 Harris, Benjamin W l38 
 
 Hastings, Seth 192 
 
 Hasliufs. Wm. Soden 192 
 
 Higginson, Stephen 202 
 
 Hill. Mark L (see Maine) 2U3 
 
 Hoar, Ebetjczer R 205 
 
 Hoar. George Frisbie 205 
 
 Hi>ar Samuel 205 
 
 Hobart. Aaion 205 
 
 Hodges. James L 20(i 
 
 HOiten, Samuel 209 
 
 Hooper, Samuel .. 209 
 
 Hulibaid, Levi 215 
 
 Hudson, Charles 216 
 
 Hnlbert, John W 217 
 
 Ilsley, Daniel 220 
 
 .Jackson. Jtmathan 224 
 
 Jackson. Wi lliam 224 
 
 Kendall, Jonas 2:i7 
 
 Kendall, Jos. ph G 2.37 
 
 King. Cyrns 211 
 
 King. Daniel Pntnam 241 
 
 Kinsley. Martin 244 
 
 Knapp, Chauncey L 245 
 
 Lamed, Simon 250 
 
 Lathrop, Samnel 250 
 
 Lawrence, Abbott 251 
 
 Lee. Silas 2.55 
 
 Leonard, George 257 
 
 Lincoln, Enoch 2i9 
 
 Lincoln, Levi 259 
 
 Lincoln, Levi 259 
 
 Little, Edwartl P 2K0 
 
 Llovd, James 261 
 
 Locke, John 262 
 
 Lovell. James 264 
 
 Lowell, John 2ti5 
 
 Lyuian, Samuel 266 
 
 Lvnian, William 2«i 
 
 Mann, Horace 270 
 
 Mason, Jonal hau 276 
 
 Maifoon, Ebenezer 277 
 
 Mellen, Prentiss 2911 
 
 Mills, Elijah H 291 
 
 Miicliell, Nahum 296 
 
 Morton, Marcus 303 
 
 Nelson, Jeremiah 308 
 
 Orr, Benjamin 317 
 
 Osgood, GaytouP 318 
 
 Osgood, Samuel 318 
 
 Otis, Harrison Gray 318 
 
 Oils, Samuel A 318 
 
 I'aine, Robert Treat 321 
 
 Pallrey, .lolin G 321 
 
 Parker, James 323 
 
 Partueiiier. William 323 
 
 Partridi;e, George 324 
 
 Phillips, Stephen Clarendon SSS 
 
 Pickeiing, Timothy 3:M 
 
 Pickman, Benjamin ,335 
 
 Pierce, Ileury Lillie 333 
 
 Quincv, Josiah 347 
 
 Ranioiil, Robert 350 
 
 Read, Nathan 352 
 
 Reed, John 353 
 
 Reed, John 3.V) 
 
 Reed. William 353 
 
 Rice, Alexander H 355 
 
 Rice, Thomas 3.56 
 
 Richardson. Joseph 3.56 
 
 Richardson. William M ^7 
 
 Rockwell, Julius .362 
 
 Riiggles. Nathaniel 366 
 
 Russell, Jonathan 367 
 
 Sabine. Lorenzo 368 
 
 Saltoustall. Leverett 369 
 
 Sampson, Zabdlel 369 
 
 Scudder, Zeno 376 
 
 Reaver Ebenezer 376 
 
 Sedgwick. 'I'heodore 376 
 
 Seelye, Julius H 3T7 
 
 Sewall. Samuel 378 
 
 Shaw, Henry 3S1 
 
 Shepherd. William 382 
 
 Sibley, Joiiae 3,S5 
 
 Silshee, Nathaniel 386 
 
 Skinner. Thomson J., Jr 388 
 
 Smilh. Josiah 393 
 
 Sieariis, Aeabel 403 
 
 Stedmau, William 403 
 
 Story, Joseph 409 | 
 
 Strong, Caleb 411 
 
 Strong, Solomon 411 
 
 Sullivan, James 413 
 
 Sumner, Charles ] 413 
 
 Taggart, Samuel 416 
 
 Talunaii, Peleg 417 
 
 Turlior, John Kemblc 417 
 
 Thaclier, George 421 
 
 Thacher Samuel 421 
 
 Thayer.Eli 421 
 
 Thomas, Benjamin S 421 
 
 Thompson, Benjamin 423 
 
 Tliompeon, Charles P 423 
 
 Traf ton, Mark 430 
 
 Train, Charles R 430 
 
 Turner, Charles 434 
 
 Twitchell, Ginery 435 
 
 Upham, Charles W 436 
 
 Upham, Jabez 437 
 
 V'arniim.Johu 441 
 
 Variium, Joseph Bradley 441 
 
 Wiidsworih. Peleg 443 
 
 Walker, Amasa 444 
 
 Walley, Samuel H 447 
 
 Ward, Artemas 44s 
 
 Ward. Artemas 448 
 
 Warren, W. W 450 
 
 Washburn, William B 451 
 
 Webster, Daniel (see New Huuipsbire) 454 
 
 Wentworth, Tappan 457 
 
 Wheaton, Laban 458 
 
 While, Leonard 460 
 
 Whitman, Ezekiel (see Maine) 461 
 
 Wid-e.y, William 462 
 
 Williams, Henry 465 
 
 Williams, J(diuM, S 466 
 
 Williams Lemuel 467 
 
 Wilson, Henry 469 
 
 Wilson. John 471 
 
 Wiiithrop. Robert C 473 
 
 Wood, Abiel 474 
 
 Michigran. 
 
 Baldwin, Augustus C 18 
 
 Beaman, Fernando C 26 
 
 Fiegole,.lo6iah W 28 
 
 BiMdIe, John 32 
 
 Bluiiham. Kinsley S 34 
 
 Blair. Austin 36 
 
 Bradley. Edward 43 
 
 Biadley. Naihati B 45 
 
 Buel. Alexander W 56 
 
 Burrows, Julius C 61 
 
 Ca-s. Lewis 72 
 
 C^haiidler, Zachariah 75 
 
 Cliipmaii, John S 73 
 
 Christiancy, Isaac P 79 
 
 Clark. Samuel (see New York) SI 
 
 Conger, James L 92 
 
 Cou'jer. Omar D 92 
 
 Cooper. George B 95 
 
 Crary, Isaac E 100 
 
 Driggs, JohnF 126 
 
 Durand, George H 129 
 
 Kelcli, Alphens 143 
 
 Ferrv, Thomas W 144 
 
 Field, Moses W 145 
 
 Fitzgerald, Thomas 148 
 
 Foster, WilderD l.'.a 
 
 Granger. Bradley F 170 
 
 Ho« ard, Jacob M 213 
 
 Howard, William A 2i3 
 
 HUbbell, Jay A 215 
 
 Hunt, James B 217 
 
 Jones, George W. (see Iowa) 231 
 
 Kellogg, Francis W. (see Alabama)... 2;)B 
 
 Leach. De Witt C 2.53 
 
 Longyear, John W 263 
 
 Lyoii, Lucius 2i;7 
 
 McClelland, Robert 280 
 
 Noble.David A 312 
 
 Norvell. John 313 
 
 Peck. George W 327 
 
 Penniman, Ebenezer J 329 
 
 Phelps, William W 3-J3 
 
 Porter, Augustus S 341 
 
 Pot ter, A 342 
 
 Richard, Gabriel 3.56 
 
 Sibley, Solomon .3S6 
 
 " igue, William 4iiO 
 
 ens, Hestor L 405 
 
 Stiuighlon, William L 410 
 
 Strickland, Randolph 411 
 
 Smart, Charles E 412 
 
 Stuart, David 412 
 
 Sutherland, Jabez G 4i4 
 
 Trowbridce, Rowland E 4.32 
 
 Upson. Charles 437 
 
 Wnlbiitlge. David S 414 
 
 Waldron, Henry 444 
 
 Willard, George 461 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 643 
 
 Willinms, Alpheus S.. 
 ■Williams, William B. 
 
 Wins, Austin E 
 
 Woodbiiclge, William 
 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Aldrich, Cyrns 
 
 Avrrill, JolinT 
 
 Cftvanaiigh, James M. (s^ee Montana). 
 
 Donnelly, Ignatius 
 
 Diiniiell. Marl; 11 
 
 Kin;,', William S 
 
 Kin^'shnry, William W 
 
 McMillan, Samuel J. R 
 
 Norton, Dani.-l S 
 
 R.imsev, Alexander 
 
 Rice. HenryH 
 
 Shields, .lames (see Illinois) 
 
 Siblev, HenryH 
 
 Strait. HiiraceB 
 
 Wiikiiisiin, Morton S 
 
 Wilson, Eugene M 
 
 Windum, William 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Adams, Robert H 
 
 Adams, Stephen 
 
 Alcorn, James Lusk 
 
 Ames, Adelbert 
 
 Barksiliile, William 
 
 Birry, Henry W 
 
 Barry, William T. S 
 
 Beiin-tr.H. S 
 
 Black. John 
 
 Brooke, Walter 
 
 Blown, Albert Q 
 
 Bruce, B. K 
 
 Cage, Harry 
 
 Chalmers. Joseph W 
 
 Claiborne.John F. H 
 
 Davis, Jeffersim 
 
 Davis, Reuben 
 
 Dickson, David 
 
 Ellis, Powhatan 
 
 Feallierston, W. S 
 
 Foote, Henry S 
 
 Freeman, John D 
 
 Gholson, S. J 
 
 Gri-ciie. Thomas M 
 
 Gwiii. William M. (see Callfurnia). 
 
 Halle. William 
 
 Haminet, William J 
 
 Harris, George E 
 
 Harris, W L 
 
 Harris, Wiley P 
 
 Henderson, John 
 
 Hinds. Thomas 
 
 Holmes, David (see Virginia) 
 
 Hoolier. Charles E 
 
 Howe. Albert R 
 
 Hunter, Naisworthy 
 
 Lake, William A 
 
 Lamir, L. C^. C 
 
 Latiiiiinre, William 
 
 Leake, Walter 
 
 Lvnch, John R 
 
 M'cKee, George C 
 
 McRae, John J 
 
 McWillie, William 
 
 Money. H. D 
 
 Mot phis, Joseph L 
 
 Nabers, Benjamin D 
 
 Niles.J.ison 
 
 Pease, Henry R 
 
 Perce, LegrandW 
 
 PlUMimer. Franklin E 
 
 Poiiidexter, George 
 
 Premiss, Seraeant S 
 
 Quitman, John A 
 
 Rankin, Christopher 
 
 Read, Thomas B 
 
 Revels, Uiram R 
 
 Roberts, Robert W 
 
 Seal, Roderick 
 
 SiiiL'leton, Otho R 
 
 Speii^bL, Jesse 
 
 Thompson, Jacob 
 
 T.im.okins, Patrick W 
 
 Trotter. F. James 
 
 Tucker, Tili,'hraan M 
 
 Walker, Robert J 
 
 Wells. Guilford Wiley .'..' 
 
 Wilcox. Jobn A 
 
 Williams, Thomas Hill 
 
 Williams, Thomas U 
 
 Word, 'I'homas J 
 
 Wrijht, Daniel B '..'.'. 
 
 Missouri. 
 
 Akers, Thoma.s Peter o 
 
 Anderson, George W '. 7 
 
 Anderson, Thomas L o 
 
 Ashley, William U 53 
 
 Asper, Joel F 1.3 
 
 Atchi>t)n. David R. ... ig 
 
 Barrett, J. Richard '.'..[[['.'.'.'.' S2 
 
 Barton. David 34 
 
 Bales, Edward 04 
 
 Bay, William V. N '.■.■.".■ 25 
 
 Benjamin. John F '. 29 
 
 Benion, Thomas Hart an 
 
 Blair, F. P., Jr ;;';" 3^ 
 
 Bland, Richard Parks ay 
 
 Blow.HenryT i:.;"' 39 
 
 Bogy, Lewis V 89 
 
 Bower, Gustavus B [' ],' 4-; 
 
 Bowlin, James B '.'. 43 
 
 Boyd, ScmuroniusH .." 43 
 
 Brown, B. Gratis 52 
 
 Buckiier. Alexander "56 
 
 Bnckner, Aylett Hawes 56 
 
 Bnii.John.r :;:::::::: m 
 
 Burdett, Samuel S 58 
 
 Carulhers, Samuel 71 
 
 Clark.JohnB f,i 
 
 Clark, John B., Jr ',',[ jj 
 
 Cockrell. Francis Marion 89 
 
 Coniincgo. Abram ]"" gi 
 
 CraiL', -lames qu 
 
 Criiteiiden. Thomas T... ' 
 Darby, John Fletcher... . 
 
 DeBolt, Kezin A '.'."".".' Vil 
 
 Drake. Charles D i-w 
 
 Dyer.Davidp ....:.■ .■::;:;. \m 
 
 Easton. Hufus ]3 
 
 Edward-, John C ..'. 133 
 
 Fiiikelnbnr';, G. A. .. 
 
 Franklin, B.J ' 
 
 Geyer. Henry S 
 
 Glover. John Montgomery 
 "" ly. Joseph J 
 
 ... 154 
 . .. 1H3 
 ... 1(16 
 
 Gre 
 
 . Ja 
 
 ITJ 
 
 .. ass 
 
 Hall. Willard P 
 
 Hall, WiliiamA .';.".; jl'i 
 
 Harrison. Albert G ::...: ijiO 
 
 Halcher. Robert A mi 
 
 Havens, Harri-on E ' 198 
 
 Hempsiead, Edward 197 
 
 Henderson. Joiin B 197 
 
 Hogiin, John 206 
 
 Hughes. James M aig 
 
 Hyde, Ira B .! " ^-m 
 
 Jameson, John.. . 
 Johnson, Waldo P 
 
 Kehr, Edwanl C 2:ij 
 
 Kelso. John R 237 
 
 Kennel r, Luther M '. 2:I8 
 
 Kiiii,', Austin A 241 
 
 Knox, .><amnel 24B 
 
 Lamb, Alfred W 247 
 
 Lindley, James J 2li(l 
 
 Linn, I.HwisF 260 
 
 Loan. Denjamin F 26i 
 
 Mcilurg, Joseph W at-O 
 
 McCorinick, James R 281 
 
 Miller, John 293 
 
 Miller,John G ' 29-3 
 
 Morgan, Charles H wa 
 
 Newcomb. C. A 
 
 .312 
 
 . John W..., 
 ell. Thomas E. 
 . Elijah H. 
 
 313 
 
 Oliver, Mordecai 
 
 Parker. Isaac C 3J2 
 
 Pettis, Spencer 331 
 
 Phelps, John S 332 
 
 Pbili|is, John Finis 33.-) 
 
 Pile, William A 3.3K 
 
 Polk, Trusten 339 
 
 Porter, Gilchrist 341 
 
 Price, Sterling 345 
 
 Price, Thomas L 345 
 
 Reid, John W a54 
 
 Relfe, James H 353 
 
 Rollins, James Sidney 3fi3 
 
 Scott. John 374 
 
 Seoit, John G 374 
 
 Schurz, Carl 373 
 
 Sims. Leonard H... 387 
 
 Slannrd, Edwin O 4(KI 
 
 Stone, William H 409 
 
 Stover, John H 410 
 
 Switzler, Williiim Franklin 415 
 
 Van Horn, Robert T 439 
 
 Wells. Erasius 4.56 
 
 Wilson. Robert 471 
 
 Woodson, Samuel H 477 
 
 Nebraska. 
 
 Chapman. Bird B 78 
 
 103 
 
 Daily, Samuel G 
 
 Easicrbrook, Esperience 131 
 
 Ferguson, Fenner 144 
 
 Hiiclicock, Phineas W 204 
 
 Marquette, T. M 272 
 
 Paddock, Algernon S 320 
 
 Tafte, John 415 
 
 Thayer. John M 421 
 
 Tipton, Thomas W 427 
 
 Nevada. 
 
 Ashley. Delos R 
 
 Clageit. William H 
 
 Cradlebaugh, John 
 
 Filch, Thomas 
 
 Jones. John P 
 Kendall. Charles West. 
 
 Mott, Gorden N 
 
 Nye. James W . . . 
 
 Sharon. William 
 
 Jitewart, Williiim M 
 
 Woodbnrn, William 
 Worthington,H. G 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Atherton, Charles O 
 Athertoii. Charles H .. . 
 
 Barker.David 
 
 Baitleit, Ichabod... . 
 
 Burileti. Josiah 
 
 Bartlelt, Josiah.... 
 
 Bean, BenningM 
 
 Bell, James .' 
 
 Bell, Samuel ."" 
 
 Bell. Samuel N 
 
 Benion. Jacob '. 
 
 Betton, Silas 
 
 Blaisdell, Daniel 
 Blaiichard, JonaihanV.'.".' 
 
 Biodhead, John 
 
 Brown, Titus ' 
 
 ButTnm, Joseph, Jr 
 
 Burke, Edmund 
 
 Burns, Robert 
 
 Biiiler, Josiah. 
 Carlton, Peler. ...'.'.'.'. """ 
 Cbamberlain. JobuC...'. 
 
 Chandler, Thomas 
 
 Cilley, Bradbury 
 
 Cilley, Joseph 
 
 Claggetl, Clifton.... 
 
 Clark. Daniel 
 
 Cragin, Aaron H 
 
 Cusliman, Samuel 
 
 Cults, Charles '.'.'.'.[ 
 
 Dinsmoor. Samuel. 
 Durell. Daniel M.....'.'.V 
 
 Eastm.in, Ira A 
 
 Eastman. Nebemiah... . 
 Edwards, Thomas M... 
 
 Elii. Jacob H 
 
 Ellis, Caleb '..'.', 
 
 Farrington, James 
 
 Fogg. George G 
 
 Folsom, Nathaniel 
 
 Foster, Abiel 
 
 Freeman, Jonathan 
 
 Frosi , George 
 
 Gardner, Francis 
 
 Gilman, John Taylor 
 
 Oilman, Nicholas 
 
 Gordon, William '. 
 
 Hale, John P 
 
 Hale, fialma 
 
 Hale, William 
 
 Hall, Obed V,', 
 
 Mammons, Joseph 
 
 Harper, John A 
 
 Harper, Joseph M 
 
 Harvey, Jonathan 
 
 Harvey, Matthew 
 
 Haven, Nathaniel A: 
 
 Healy, Joseph 
 
 Hibb'ard, Harry 
 
 Hill. Isaac 
 
 Hough, David 
 
 Hubbard, Henry 
 
 Hunt, Samnel 
 
 Jenness, Bennii 
 Johnson, Jaint 
 Kittredge, Geo ^ 
 
 Langdon, Jobn.T 
 
 Langdoii, Woodbury 
 
 Liveimore. Arthur 
 
 Livennore, Samnel 
 
 Livermore, Edward St. Loe. 
 
 sTi; 
 
644 
 
 INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 Long. Pierce 
 
 Mnrcy, Daniel 271 
 
 Mari^ton, Oilman 274 
 
 Mjifion, Jeremiah 27H 
 
 Matron, Aaron. 277 
 
 MorriH, David L 
 
 Morrison, George W 
 
 Moil Iton, Mace 304 
 
 Norrie, Moses ,31.3 
 
 Olcott, Simeon 31fi 
 
 Page, John 320 
 
 Parker. Hosea W 322 
 
 Parlver. Nahnm 322 
 
 Parrolt, John P 324 
 
 Patterson, James W 32.5 
 
 Pcaslee, Charles H 327 
 
 Perkins, Jared 330 
 
 Pierce, Franklin 3,35 
 
 Pierce, Joseph 335 
 
 Pike, Austin F 3,36 
 
 Pike, James 3.36 
 
 Plnmer, William 338 
 
 Plunier, William 3.38 
 
 Reding, John R 353 
 
 Rollins. Edward H 363 
 
 Shaw, Tristani 3S1 
 
 Sheale, James 381 
 
 Sherburne. John S 383 
 
 Simmons, George A .386 
 
 Smith, Jedediah K 392 
 
 Smidi, Jeremiah 392 
 
 Smith, Samuel 394 
 
 Sprague, Peli'g 399 
 
 Stevens, Aaron F 405 
 
 Storer. Clement 409 
 
 Sullivan, George 413 
 
 Sullivan, John 413 
 
 Tappan, Mason W 417 
 
 Tenney. Samuel 420 
 
 Thompson, Thomas W 424 
 
 Thornton, Matthew 425 
 
 Tack. Amos 4.33 
 
 Uphnm, George B 437 
 
 Upham, Nathaniel 437 
 
 Vcise, Rouer 442 
 
 Wadleigh, Bainbrid^'e 443 
 
 Webster, Daniel 464 
 
 Weeks, John W 454 
 
 Weeks, Joseph 4.54 
 
 Wells, John S 456 
 
 Wentworth, John, Jr 467 
 
 Whipple, Thomas 458 
 
 Whipple. William 468 
 
 White, Phillips 4li0 
 
 Wilcox, Jeduihun 463 
 
 Wilcox. Leonard 463 
 
 Williams. Jartd W 466 
 
 Wilson, James 470 
 
 Wilson. James 470 
 
 Wingate, Paine 472 
 
 Woodbury, Levi 476 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Adrain, Garnett B 3 
 
 Aycrigg, JohnB ]5 
 
 Baker, Ezra 17 
 
 Bateman, Euhraim 24 
 
 Realty, Johii 26 
 
 Bennet, Benjamin 29 
 
 Bines, Thomas 34 
 
 Bird, John T 34 
 
 Bishop. James 34 
 
 Bloonilield, Joseph 38 
 
 Boyd. Adam . . 43 
 
 Brown, George H 52 
 
 Bnrnett. William 59 
 
 Cassedy, George 72 
 
 Cattell. Alexander G 73 
 
 Chelwood, William 77 
 
 Clark, Abraham 80 
 
 Clark. Amos, Jr 80 
 
 Clawson, Isaiah D 83 
 
 Cleveland, Orestes 85 
 
 Cobb. George T 87 
 
 Condict, John 92 
 
 Condict, Lewis 92 
 
 Condict, Silas 92 
 
 Condict, Silas 92 
 
 Cooper, John 95 
 
 Cooper, Richard M 95 
 
 Cooper, W. R 95 
 
 Cox, James 98 
 
 Coxe, William 98 
 
 Crane, Stephen 99 
 
 Cutler, Augustus W lOB 
 
 Darby. Ezra 108 
 
 Davenport. Franklin 109 
 
 Dayton, Elias 114 
 
 Dayton, Jtmathan 114 
 
 Dayton, William L 114 
 
 De Witt, David Miller 119 
 
 Dick. Samuel 119 
 
 Dickerson, Mahlon 119 
 
 Dickerson, Philemon 11! 
 
 Dickinson, Philemon 121 
 
 Dobbins, Samuel A 122 
 
 Edsall, Joseph E 
 
 Elmer, Ebenezer 137 
 
 Elmer, Jonathan 1.37 
 
 Elmer, Lucius Q. C 
 
 Farlee. Isaac G 
 
 Fell, John 144 
 
 Field, Richard 8 145 
 
 Forker. Samuel C 151 
 
 Fowler, Samuel 154 
 
 Frclinghuysen, Frederick 155 
 
 Prelinghuysen, Frederick T 165 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Theodore 156 
 
 Garrison, Daniel Ifil 
 
 Gregory, Dudley S 173 
 
 Haight, Charles 178 
 
 Halsey, George A 181 
 
 Halsted, William 1.^1 
 
 Hamilton, Robert 182 
 
 Hampton, James G 183 
 
 Harden hergh, Augustus A 185 
 
 Hart, John " " 
 
 Hav, Andrew K 
 
 Hazelton. John W 19H 
 
 Helms. William 197 
 
 Henderson, Thomas 198 
 
 Hill. John SO!! 
 
 Holcomb, George 
 
 Hopkinson, Francis 
 
 Horn blower, Josiah 210 
 
 Houston, William C 212 
 
 Hulty, Jacob 816 
 
 Hughes, Thomas H " 
 
 Hnyler. John 220 
 
 Imlay, James H 220 
 
 Kille, Joseph 241 
 
 King, James 242 
 
 Kinsey, Charles 244 
 
 Kiusey, James 244 
 
 Kirkpatrick, Littleton 244 
 
 Kilchell, Aaron 244 
 
 Lambert, John 247 
 
 Lee, Thomas 255 
 
 Lilly, Samuel 259 
 
 Linn, James 2li0 
 
 Linn, John 260 
 
 Livingston, William 261 
 
 Mallack, James 277 
 
 Maxwell, George C 278 
 
 Maxwell, J. P. B 278 
 
 Mcllvaine, Joseph 284 
 
 Middleton, George 292 
 
 Miller, Jacob W 293 
 
 Moore, William 299 
 
 Morgan, James 300 
 
 Mott, James 304 
 
 Ncilson,John 308 
 
 Newhold. Thomas 309 
 
 Newell, William A 310 
 
 Ni.xon,JohnT 312 
 
 Ogdeu, Aaron 315 
 
 Parker, James 323 
 
 Paterson, William 325 
 
 Pennington, Alexander C, M 329 
 
 Pennington, Wi iliam 329 
 
 Perry, Nehemiah 330 
 
 Pierson. Isaac 336 
 
 Price, Rodman M 346 
 
 Randolph, Joseph Fitz 350 
 
 Randolph, Theodore F 350 
 
 Riggs. Jetur R 357 
 
 Robhins, George R S5H 
 
 Rogers. Andrew J 362 
 
 Ross, Miles 365 
 
 Runk. John 36B 
 
 Rutherford, John 368 
 
 Ryall. D. B 3118 
 
 Schenck, Ferdinand S 372 
 
 Schureman, James 373 
 
 Scndder, Isaac W. 376 
 
 Scndder, John A 376 
 
 Scudder, Nathaniel 376 
 
 Sergeant, Jonathan D 378 
 
 Shiiin, William N 3M 
 
 Sinnickfon, Clement H 387 
 
 Sinnickson, Thomas 387 
 
 Sinnickson, Thomas 387 
 
 Sitgrraves, Charles 387 
 
 Skelton, Charles .387 
 
 Sloan, James 388 
 
 Smith, Bernard 390 
 
 Smith, Isaac 391 
 
 Smith, Richard 393 
 
 Southard. Henry 307 
 
 Southard, Isaac 397 
 
 Southard, Samuel L .397 
 
 Starr, John F 402 
 
 Steele, William O 403 
 
 Stewart, Archibald 406 
 
 Stockton, John P 407 
 
 Stockton, Richard 407 
 
 Stockton, Richard 407 
 
 Stockton, Robert Field 408 
 
 Straiten, Charles C 410 
 
 Stiatton, John L. N 410 
 
 Strattou, Nathan T 411 
 
 Swan, Samuel 414 
 
 Svlies, George 415 
 
 Teese, Frederick H 420 
 
 TenEyck, John C 420 
 
 Thompson, Hedge 423 
 
 Thompson, Mark 424 
 
 Thomson. John R 425 
 
 Tucker, Ebenezer 433 
 
 Vail, George 437 
 
 Van Dyke, John 4.39 
 
 Vroom. Peter D 442 
 
 Wall, Garrett D 44K 
 
 Wall, James W 446 
 
 Ward, Marcus L 449 
 
 Ward. Thomas 449 
 
 Wildrick. Isaac 463 
 
 Wilson, James J 471 
 
 Withersponn, John 474 
 
 Wortendvke. J. R 477 
 
 Wright, Edwin R. V 478 
 
 Wiight, Samuel G 479 
 
 Wright. William 479 
 
 Yorke, Thomas J 481 
 
 NewYork. : 
 
 Adams, C. H 2 
 
 Adams, John 2 
 
 Adams, Parmenio 2 
 
 Adgate, Asa 3 
 
 Alexander, Henry P 4 
 
 Allen, Judson B 
 
 Allen, Nathaniel 5 
 
 AIsop, John 6 
 
 Anderson. ,Ioseph H 8 
 
 Andrews, George R 9 
 
 Andrews, John T 9 
 
 Andrews, Samuel G 9 
 
 Angel, William O 9 
 
 Armstrong John 10 
 
 Arnold, Benedict 11 
 
 Ashley, Henry 13 
 
 Avery, Daniel IB 
 
 Babcock, A Ifred 15 
 
 Babcock, Leander 15 
 
 Babcock, William 15 
 
 Badger, Luther 16 
 
 Bngley, George A 16 
 
 Bailey, Alexander H 16 
 
 Bailey, Theodorns 16 
 
 Baker, Caleb 17 
 
 Baker, Stephen 17 
 
 Baker, William H 18 
 
 Barnard, D. D 21 
 
 Barnes. Demas 21 
 
 BaiT. Thomas J 22 
 
 Barstow. Gamaliel H 23 
 
 Barton, Samuel 24 
 
 Bass, Lyman K 24 
 
 Beale, Charles L 26 
 
 Beardsley. Samuel 26 
 
 Beebe. George M 27 
 
 Beekman, Thomas 27 
 
 Beers, Cyrus 28 
 
 Bclden, George O 28 
 
 Bennett, David S 29 
 
 Bennett, Henry 29 
 
 Benson, Egbert 30 
 
 Benton, Charles S 30 
 
 Bergen, John T 30 
 
 Bergen. Tennis G 30 
 
 Bens, Samuel R 30 
 
 Bicknell, Bennet 31 
 
 Bird, John 34 
 
 Birdsall, Ausbum .34 
 
 Birdsall, James 34 
 
 Birdsall, Samuel 34 
 
 Birdseye, Victory 34 
 
 Blaclimar, Esbon 36 
 
 Blair, Barnard 36 
 
 Blake. ,Tohn, Jr 37 
 
 Bleeckiir. Hermanns 38 
 
 Bliss, Archibald M S8 
 
 Bloom, Isaac 38 
 
 Bockee. Abraham 39 
 
 Bodle. Charles 39 
 
 Boerum. Simon 39 
 
 Bokee, David A 39 
 
 Boody, Azariah 40 
 
 Borland. Charles, Jr 41 
 
 Borst, Peterl 41 
 
 Bouck, Joseph 41 
 
 Bovee. Matthias J 42 
 
 Bowers, John M 43 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 645 
 
 Bowwe, Obadiah 43 
 
 Bowuu, Samuel S 43 
 
 Boyd, Alexander 43 
 
 Boyd. John H 43 
 
 Biuwster, David P 48 
 
 Bri>;g«, George 48 
 
 Biondhead, Jolin C 49 
 
 Bion'oii, Isaac A 50 
 
 BicioUs, David 50 
 
 Bruuks, James 50 
 
 Brooks, Micah 51 
 
 Brown, Anson 51 
 
 BroWJl. John W 53 
 
 Bniyu, Andrew D. W 55 
 
 Biiel, Alexander H 5fi 
 
 Bunner. Rudolph.. 58 
 
 Burr, Aaron (JO 
 
 Bnrroiiglis, Silas M (iO 
 
 Burrows, Lorenzo 61 
 
 Biitterfleld, Martin 63 
 
 Cady, Dtiniel 6* 
 
 Cady, John W ' ' 
 
 Calkin , Henrv R 
 
 Cambreleii-r, ChurchillC 
 
 Campbell, Samuel 
 
 Campbell, WilliamW 
 
 Cantine, Jolm 6S 
 
 Carey, Jeremiah E 69 
 
 Cajpenter, Davis 69 
 
 Carpenter, Levi D 10 
 
 Carroll, Charles II 70 
 
 Carroll, John M 71 
 
 Carter, Lnther C 71 
 
 Case, Waller 71 
 
 Chamberlain. Jacob P 74 
 
 Chanler, John Winthrop 75 
 
 Chapin, Uraham H 75 
 
 Chase, George W 76 
 
 Chase, Samuel 77 
 
 Chillis, Thomas 7T 
 
 Childs, Timothy 77 
 
 Chittenden, Simeon B In 
 
 Chil tendon, T. C 79 
 
 Churchill, John Charles 79 
 
 Clark, Ambrose W 811 
 
 Clark, Horace P 80 
 
 Clark, Lot 81 
 
 Clark, Robert 81 
 
 Clark, Samuel isee Michigan) 61 
 
 Clarke, Archibald S 81 
 
 Clarke, Bayard 81 
 
 Clarke, Charles E 82 
 
 Clarke, Freeman 82 
 
 Clarke, John C 82 
 
 Clarke, Staiev N 83 
 
 Clinton, DeWitl 86 
 
 Clinton, George 8H 
 
 Cliuion. George, Jr 86 
 
 Clinton, James G 86 
 
 Cochran, James 88 
 
 Cochrane, Clark B 88 
 
 Cochrane, John 8.S 
 
 Coklen, CadwalladerD 89 
 
 Collier, John A 90 
 
 Collin, JohnF 90 
 
 Collins, Ela 91 
 
 Collius, William 91 
 
 Comstock, Oliver C 91 
 
 Conger. Harmon S 92 
 
 Conkliug, Allied 92 
 
 Conkling, Frederick A 92 
 
 Conklius!, Roscoe 92 
 
 Cook, Thomas B 94 
 
 Cooke, Bate 94 
 
 Cooper. William 95 
 
 Cornell, Thomas 96 
 
 Corning, Erastus 96 
 
 Cowles, George W 97 
 
 Cowles, Henry B 97 
 
 Craig, Hector. 99 
 
 Cramer, John 99 
 
 Creamer, Thomas J 101 
 
 Crocheron, Henry 102 
 
 Croclieron, Jacob. .\ 102 
 
 Crooke, Philips 102 
 
 Cruger, Daniel 103 
 
 Culvcu-, Erastus D 104 
 
 Cuniming, Thomas W 104 
 
 Curtis. Edward 101 
 
 Cushman. John Paine 105 
 
 Cuttin;.', Francis B 106 
 
 Dana. Amasa 107 
 
 Darlinsr, William A 109 
 
 Davis, Noah 112 
 
 Davis, Richard D 112 
 
 Davis, Thomas T 112 
 
 Davy, JohnM lia 
 
 Dav. Rowland 113 
 
 Dayan. Charles lU 
 
 Dian, Gilb.rt 114 
 
 DcGraff,.Iohn 1 116 
 
 Deiiz, William 116 
 
 Delaplaine, Isaac C lie 
 
 DeMott.John . 117 
 
 Denning, William .' 117 
 
 Denoyelles, Peter ns 
 
 DcWitt, Charles "" n9 
 
 De Witt, Charles G '. 119 
 
 De Wirt, Jacob H na 
 
 Dickinson, Daniel S 120 
 
 Dickinson, John D lao 
 
 Dickson, John 120 
 
 Dickson. Samuel 1-20 
 
 Diven, Alexander S 121 
 
 Dix. John A. 
 
 121 
 
 Dodd, Edward J23 
 
 Dodge. William E 123 
 
 Doe, Nicholas B 123 
 
 Doig, Andrew W 123 
 
 Doubledav, Ulysses F 125 
 
 Dowse, William 125 
 
 Drake, John R 126 
 
 Duane, James 126 
 
 Dudley, Charles E 127 
 
 Duell, R. Holland 127 
 
 DuiT, William 127 
 
 Duer, William 127 
 
 Duer, William 127 
 
 Dwinell, Justin 130 
 
 Eager, Samuel W 130 
 
 Earll, Jonas, Jr 
 
 Earll, Nchemiah H 
 
 Eaton, Lewis 132 
 
 Edward, John 133 
 
 Edwards. Francis S 133 
 
 Effiier, Valentine 184 
 
 Ej{bert, Joseph IM 
 
 Ellicott, Benjamin 135 
 
 Kills, Chesclden 136 
 
 Ellsworth, Samuel S 13H 
 
 Elmcnilorf, Lucas 136 
 
 Ely, Allred 137 
 
 Ely, John 137 
 
 Ely, Smith, Jr 137 
 
 Eraott, James 138 
 
 Evans, David E 139 
 
 Farlin, Dudley 142 
 
 Fay, John 143 
 
 Fenlon, Reuben E 144 
 
 Ferris, Charles G 144 
 
 Ferries, Orange 144 
 
 Fields, William C 145 
 
 Fillmore, Millard 145 
 
 Finch, Isaac 146 
 
 Fine, John 146 
 
 Fish, Hamilton 146 
 
 Fisher, George 147 
 
 Fisher, John 147 
 
 Fisk, Jonathan 147 
 
 Fitch, Asa 147 
 
 Floyd, Charles A 149 
 
 Floyd, John G 149 
 
 Floyd, William 149 
 
 FIngler, Thomas T 149 
 
 Foole, Charles A 150 
 
 Ford, William D 151 
 
 Fosdick, Nicoll 152 
 
 Foster, A. Lawrence 152 
 
 Foster, Henry A ]53 
 
 Fox, John 154 
 
 Franchot, Richard 154 
 
 Frank, Augustus 154 
 
 Fr.ist, Joel 157 
 
 Fuller, PhiloC 157 
 
 Fuller, William K 157 
 
 Gallup, Albert 159 
 
 Gaiisevoort, Leonard 160 
 
 Ganson, John 160 
 
 Gardenier, Barent 160 
 
 Garnsey. Daniel G 161 
 
 Garrow, Nathaniel 161 
 
 Gates, Seth Merrill 161 
 
 Gebharil, John 162 
 
 Geddes, James 162 
 
 German, Obadiah 162 
 
 Gilbert, Ezekiel 164 
 
 Gilbert. William A 164 
 
 Gillet, RansonJ H 164 
 
 Glenn, Henry 166 
 
 Gold, Thomas R.... 167 
 
 Gooilricli, Milo 168 
 
 Goodwin, Henry C 168 
 
 Goodyear, Charles 169 
 
 Gordon, James 169 
 
 Gordon, Samuel 169 
 
 Gotr, Daniel 170 
 
 Gould, Herman D 170 
 
 Graham, James H 17u 
 
 Granger, Amos P 170 
 
 Grani;er, Francis 170 
 
 Grant. Abraham P 171 
 
 Gray, Hiram 171 
 
 Greeley, Horace 172 
 
 Green, Byraui 172 
 
 Greene, George W 173 
 
 Greig, John 173 
 
 Grinnell, Moses H 175 
 
 Griswold, Gaylord 175 
 
 Griswold, John A 175 
 
 Griswold, John A 175 
 
 Gross, EzraC 175 
 
 Grosveuor, Thomas P 176 
 
 170 
 
 Gnyon, James, Jr 177 
 
 Hacklev, Aaron, Jr 177 
 
 Haight, Edward 178 
 
 Hale. Robert S 179 
 
 Hall, George INO 
 
 Hall, Nathan K 180 
 
 Hallock, John, Jr 181 
 
 Halloway. Ransom 181 
 
 Halsey, Jehiil H IM 
 
 Hal>ey, Nicoll 181 
 
 Halsey, Silas 181 
 
 Hamillon, Alexander IsS 
 
 Hammond, Jabez D 183 
 
 Hand, Augustus C 1S4 
 
 Hard, Gideon 186 
 
 Haring, John 186 
 
 Harris, Ira 1S8 
 
 Harris, John 1£9 
 
 Hart, Emanuel B 190 
 
 Hart, Roswell 191 
 
 Hasbronck, Abraham 191 
 
 Hasbrouck, Abraham B 192 
 
 Hasbronck, Josiali 192 
 
 Hascall, Augustus P 192 
 
 Haskin, John B 192 
 
 Hastings, George 192 
 
 Hatch, Israel T 192 
 
 Hathawav. Samuel G 192 
 
 Hathorn, Henrv H 192 
 
 Halhorn, John 192 
 
 Haven, Solomon G 193 
 
 Haven.s, Jonathan N 193 
 
 Hawkes, James 193 
 
 Hawkins, ,Io-eph 193 
 
 Haws, J. H. Hobart 194 
 
 Hayden, Moses 194 
 
 Hazeltinc, Abncr 196 
 
 Herkimer, John 200 
 
 Herrick, Anson 2(iO 
 
 Ilenick, Richard P 211O 
 
 Hewitt, Abram S , 201 
 
 Hoard, Charles B 205 
 
 Hobart, John Sloss 205 
 
 Hobble, Selah R 205 
 
 Hoffman, Michael 206 
 
 Hoffman, Ogden 20i> 
 
 Hogan, William 206 
 
 Hogeboom, James L 207 
 
 Holley, John M 207 
 
 Holmes, Elias B 208 
 
 Holmes, Sidney T 208 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel M 210 
 
 Horlon, Thimias R 211 
 
 Hosford, Jedediah 211 
 
 Hoskins, George G 211 
 
 Hosmer, Hezekiah L 211 
 
 Hotchkiss, Giles W 211 
 
 Honck, Jacob, Jr 211 
 
 Hough. William J 211 
 
 Howe, Thomas Y., Jr 214 
 
 Howell, Edward 214 
 
 Howell, Nathaniel 214 
 
 Hubbard, Demas, Jr 215 
 
 Hubbard, Thomas H 215 
 
 Hnbbell, Edwin N 215 
 
 Hubbell, Williams 216 
 
 Hughes. Charles 2IB 
 
 Hughston, .loiias A 216 
 
 Hugunin, Daniel, Jr 216 
 
 Hulburd, Calvin T 217 
 
 Humphrey, James 217 
 
 Humphrey, James M 217 
 
 Humphrey, Reuben 217 
 
 Hungerford, Orville 217 
 
 Hunt, Hiram P 217 
 
 Hunt, Washington 218 
 
 Hunter, John W 218 
 
 Huntington, Abel 219 
 
 Irvine, William 222 
 
 Irving, William 222 
 
 Ives, Willard 223 
 
 Jackson, David S 223 
 
 Jackson, Thomas B 224 
 
 Jackson, W. T S24 
 
 Jay. John 225 
 
 Jenkins, Lemuel 226 
 
 Jenkins. Timothy 228 
 
 Bit, Freeborn G 227 
 
 Johnson, Jeromus 229 
 
 Johnson, Noadiah 229 
 
 Johnston, Charles 230 
 
 Jones, Daniel T 2.31 
 
 Jones, Morgan 232 
 
64G 
 
 INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 Jones, Nnthaniol 232 
 
 Knlbfli-iscli, Miirliu Hi 
 
 Kee^c, Kichaid 23S 
 
 Kelloirg, Churlcs 2.% 
 
 KellogK. Oriando 23B 
 
 Ki'lly, John S36 
 
 Kclrey, William H 237 
 
 KemWe, Gouvenjeur 237 
 
 Kemp>hall, Thomas 237 
 
 Kent, Moss 238 
 
 Kenyon, William S 23(1 
 
 Kernan, Francis 23S 
 
 KeniKUn, James E 239 
 
 Ketcham, John H 239 
 
 Kins;, John 242 
 
 King, John A 242 
 
 Kinu, Perkins 242 
 
 King, Preslon 242 
 
 King,Enfn8 242 
 
 King. Kufiis H ai2 
 
 Kin>ella. Thomas 243 
 
 Kirkland. Joseph 244 
 
 Kirkiiati-ick, William 244 
 
 Kirlund, Dorrance 244 
 
 Knapp, Charles 245 
 
 Knickerbocker, Herman 245 
 
 Latlin, Addison H 247 
 
 Lamporl, William H 247 
 
 Lansing, Gerrit Y 24!) 
 
 Lansing, John 249 
 
 Lansing. William E 249 
 
 Laphaiii, Bldridge Gerry 249 
 
 Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck 251 
 
 Lawrence, John 252 
 
 Lawrence, John W 252 
 
 Lawrence Samuel 252 
 
 Lawrence, Sidney 252 
 
 Lawrence, William T 262 
 
 Lawson,J(ihn D 252 
 
 Law) er, Thomas 258 
 
 Lay, G.or-e W 253 
 
 Leaven worlh, Elias Warren 254 
 
 Lee, (iideon 2.54 
 
 Lee, Henry B 2.i5 
 
 Lee, Joshua 255 
 
 Lee, M. Lindley 255 
 
 Lcfferis, John 2oti 
 
 Lent, James 257 
 
 Leonard, Moses G 257 
 
 Leonard, Stephen B 257 
 
 Lewis. Abner 257 
 
 Lewis, Krancis 258 
 
 L'Hommedleu, Ezra 25H 
 
 Lincoln, William S S«l 
 
 Linip, Archibald L 260 
 
 Lilclifl.ld, Eli-ha 2ti0 
 
 Liltkjohn, De Witt C 2«0 
 
 Livingston, Edward 261 
 
 Livingston, Henry Walter 261 
 
 Liviii^iMon, Philip 2U1 
 
 LivinL.'ion, Robert Le Roy , 261 
 
 Liviii';stuii, Robert R 261 
 
 Livin-ston, Walter 261 
 
 Looniis, Arphaxiid aia 
 
 Lord, FrederickW 264 
 
 Lord, Scott 2ii4 
 
 Love. TliomasC 2H4 
 
 Lovett, John 264 
 
 Low, Isaac 265 
 
 Ityman, Joseph S 266 
 
 Lyon, Caleb of Lyonsdale 267 
 
 McDougiill. Clinton D 268 
 
 Maciuy, William B 26S 
 
 Magee, John 269 
 
 Wuliory. Meredith 27U 
 
 Mann, Ahijiih. Jr 270 
 
 Marcy, William Lamed 272 
 
 Marked, Henry 27S 
 
 Markell, Jacob 272 
 
 Marliii. Frederick S 274 
 
 Miirtinclale, Henry C 275 
 
 Marvin, Dudley 275 
 
 Marvin. James M 275 
 
 Marvin. Richard P 275 
 
 Mason, William 276 
 
 Masters, Josiah 276 
 
 Mathews, Vincent 277 
 
 Maiteson, Orsamus B 277 
 
 Maurice, James 277 
 
 IMnxweil, Thomas 278 
 
 Miivliam, S. L 27S 
 
 MiiVliaid, John. 279 
 
 Met 'an hy, Dennis 279 
 
 McCiiily. AiidrewZ 28U 
 
 McCaiiy. Richard 2)-0 
 
 McCkllan. Robert 280 
 
 McC.Md. Andrew 281 
 
 McDougall, Alexander 283 
 
 McKean, James Bedell 285 
 
 McKeon, John s86 
 
 McKissock, Thomas 286 
 
 McManue, William 287 
 
 McNiilla. John 
 
 Mc Vean. Charles 
 
 Meade, Edwin K 
 
 Meigs, Henry 
 
 Mellish, David B 290 
 
 Merriam, Clinton L 
 
 Metcalf. Arunah 
 
 Metcalfe. Henry B 291 
 
 Miller, John — 
 
 Miller. Killian 
 
 Miller, Morris S 
 
 Miller, RutgerB 294 
 
 Miller.Snmnel F 294 
 
 Miller. Williams 
 
 Mitchell, Charles F 295 
 
 Mitchell, Henry ~ " 
 
 Mitchell. Samuel Latham 296 
 
 Mofiit, Hosca 296 
 
 Monell, Rohert 297 
 
 Montanya, J. D. L 
 
 Moore, Ely 298 
 
 Morgan, Christopher 299 
 
 Morgan, Edwin B 300 
 
 Morgan, Edwm D 30O 
 
 Morgan. Jclin J 300 
 
 Morris. Daniel 301 
 
 Morris, Gouverneur 3(11 
 
 Morris. Lewis 302 
 
 Morris. Thomas 
 
 Morrissey. John 
 
 Morse, O. A 
 
 Moseley. William A 
 
 Mullin. Joseph 3115 
 
 Mnmlord, Gurdon S 
 
 Miinroe, James 3U6 
 
 Mnrphy, Henry 306 
 
 Murray, Ambroses 306 
 
 Murray, William 307 
 
 Nelson, Homer A 308 
 
 Nelson, William 309 
 
 Nicholson, John 311 
 
 Nicoll, Henry 311 
 
 Niven, Archibald C 312 
 
 Noble, William H 312 
 
 Norlh, William 313 
 
 Norton, ElienezerF 313 
 
 Ni.rton. Nelson J 318 
 
 Oakley, 'i'homas Jackson 314 
 
 Odell, Moses F 31S 
 
 Odell, N. Holmes 815 
 
 Ogden, David A 315 
 
 Olin, Abraham B 316 
 
 Oliver, Andrew 316 
 
 Oliver, William M 816 
 
 Page, Sherman 320 
 
 Paine, Ephraim 321 
 
 Palen. Rufus 321 
 
 Palmer, Beriah 321 
 
 Palmer, George W... 322 
 
 Palmer. John 322 
 
 Parker. Amasa J 322 
 
 Parker. John M 823 
 
 Partridge. Samuel 325 
 
 Patterson, John 325 
 
 Patterson. Thomas J 325 
 
 Pal terson, Walter 
 
 Patterson, William 
 
 Paulding, William, Jr 326 
 
 Peck, Jared V 327 
 
 Peck. LulherC 327 
 
 Peckham. Rufus W 327 
 
 Pe.'k, Hermanns ' 
 
 Pi-lton. GuvR 
 
 Pendleton. Edmund H 828 
 
 Perkins, Bishop 829 
 
 Perry.Eli 331) 
 
 Petrie. George 331 
 
 Phelps, Oliver 3U2 
 
 Pheliis, Williiim Walter S33 
 
 Phoenix, J. Phillips 333 
 
 Picison, Jeremiah H 336 
 
 Pierson. Joli 330 
 
 Piichei. Nathaniel 837 
 
 Piatt. Jonas 338 
 
 Piatt. ThcnnasO 338 
 
 Piatt. Zephaniah '. 338 
 
 Pomeroy, Theodore M 840 
 
 Pond, Benjamin 
 
 Porlcr, James 
 
 Porter, Peter B 
 
 Porter. Timothy H 
 
 Posi, Jolham, Jr 
 
 Potter, Chirkson Nott 
 
 Pottle. Emorv B 
 
 Po» ers. Gershom 
 
 Pratt. Ziid.ck 
 
 Premiss. John H 344 
 
 1-riiidle Eliznr H 
 
 Pri iigle, Benjamin 
 
 Prnvn, John V. L 
 
 Pllrily. Smith M 346 
 
 Putnam, Harvey 847 
 
 Radford. William 348 
 
 Riithbun. George 351 
 
 Raymond. Henry J .351 
 
 Reed, Edward C 353 
 
 Reeves, Henry A 353 
 
 Richmond, Hirnm H 857 
 
 Richmtind. Jonathan 357 
 
 Rii.'i;s. Lewis 357 
 
 Riker, Samuel 367 
 
 Ripley, Thomas C 3"i8 
 
 Risley, Elijah 358 
 
 Robbie, Reuben 359 
 
 Eoheris, Ellis H 360 
 
 Roberts, William R 360 
 
 Robertson, William H 8li0 
 
 Robinson, Ornlle S61 
 
 Robinson, William E 361 
 
 Rochester, William B 361 
 
 Rogers, Charles 362 
 
 Rogers, Edward 31.2 
 
 Rogers, John 363 
 
 Roosevelt. James 1 363 
 
 Roosevelt, Rohert B .363 
 
 Root, Erasius ; 364 
 
 Rose. Robert L 364 
 
 Rose, Roberts 364 
 
 Ross, Henry H 364 
 
 Rowe. Peter .365 
 
 Rnggles, Charles H 366 
 
 Runisey, David, Jr 366 
 
 Russell, David 367 
 
 Russell, Jeremiah 367 
 
 Russell, John 367 
 
 Rnssell, Jo«e|>h ... 367 
 
 Russell, William F .367 
 
 Sackett, Wi Ilium A 3118 
 
 Sage, Ebenezer 363 
 
 Sage, Rnssell 368 
 
 Sailly, Peter 369 
 
 Sammons, Thomas 369 
 
 Sandlord. John .369 
 
 Siindford, Jimah 369 
 
 Sands, Joshua 31.9 
 
 Sanford, Jimah 370 
 
 Sonlonl, Niithan 870 
 
 Sanford. Stephen 37O 
 
 Savage, John 871 
 
 Schell. Richard 372 
 
 Schenck, Abraham H ;-i72 
 
 Scliermerhorn. Abniham M 372 
 
 Schoolcraft. John L 373 
 
 Schoimmaker, Cornelius C 373 
 
 Sclioonmaker. Marilis , 873 
 
 Schiiniaker, John G 37.) 
 
 Schuneman. Martin G 373 
 
 Schuy ier, Philip 374 
 
 Schuyler. Philip J 374 
 
 Scott. John Morin 374 
 
 Scudder, Henry J 376 
 
 Scudder, Trendwell 3:6 
 
 Seaman, Henry J 376 
 
 Searing, John A 376 
 
 Sedgwick, C. B 376 
 
 Seeley, John E .377 
 
 Selden, Dudley 377 
 
 Selye, Lewis 377 
 
 Seward, William H .379 
 
 Seymour, David L 379 
 
 Sevmonr. William ,379 
 
 Sh'arpe. Peter 3f0 
 
 Sheldon. Porter 3^2 
 
 Sherman, J. W 3(j3 
 
 Sherman. Socrates N SM 
 
 Shcrrill, Eliakini 384 
 
 Sherwood, Siiniuel 3^i4 
 
 Shiuheid. ZehulonR 385 
 
 Sibley, Mark H 366 
 
 Sickles, Daniel E 386 
 
 Sickles, Nicholas 386 
 
 Silvester, Peter .386 
 
 Silvester, Peler H 386 
 
 SlinL'erland, John 1 388 
 
 Slocum, Henry W 3S9 
 
 Small, Williiim B...? 389 
 
 Smart. James S S69 
 
 Smith, Albert 290 
 
 Smith, Boardmnn H 8'.I0 
 
 Sill i I h, Edward Henry 390 
 
 Smith, Cerrit 391 
 
 Smilli, John 3>t2 
 
 Siiutli, Meliiiuthnn 393 
 
 Smith. " illiiim S 395 
 
 Snow, William W 396 
 
 Sonle. Nathan 396 
 
 Spaulding, Elbridge 6 398 
 
 Spencer, Ambrose 398 
 
 Spencer, Elijah 898 
 
 Speicer. James B S9S 
 
 Spencer. John C 398 
 
 Spinner. Francis E 399 
 
 Starkweather, George A 402 
 
 Stebhius, Henry G 4u3 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 647 
 
 Sleele. .Idlin B 403 
 
 Slt-plielis, Aliraham P 404 
 
 Steilin-, Mica , ..404 
 
 Stet.-^'in. Leinuel 405 
 
 Slewiut. Thomas E 406 
 
 St. Joliii, Charles 407 
 
 St. Jc.hii. Daniel B 407 
 
 Stoirs, Heiiiy K 409 
 
 St(i«', Silas 410 
 
 StO"er, John & 4IU 
 
 Straniiha.], J. S. T 410 
 
 Street, UaiulaW S 411 
 
 Stroll"' James — 411 
 
 Stroll!;, sselah B 411 
 
 Siroiif;. Stephen 411 
 
 Strong'. Theron R 411 
 
 Sutherland. Josiah 414 
 
 Swart, Peter 414 
 
 Taller, Stephen 415 
 
 Taber, Thomas 415 
 
 Talbot, Silas 416 
 
 Talliuadgc, Fiertericfc A 41li 
 
 Tallinadge, James Jr 416 
 
 Talliiunlj'e, Nathaniel P 417 
 
 Tanner, A.U 417 
 
 Tavlor, Asher 418 
 
 Tailor, Georjje 418 
 
 Taylor, John J 418 
 
 Taylor John W 419 
 
 Taylor, Neli-on 419 
 
 Taylor, William 419 
 
 Teller, Isaac 420 
 
 Ten Eyck. E'ibeit 420 
 
 Thomas. David 4-.>3 
 
 Thompson, Joel 423 
 
 Thompson, John 423 
 
 Thompson. John 423 
 
 Throop, EnosT 425 
 
 Thnrman. John R 426 
 
 Tihiielts, (ieoi-se 426 
 
 Tirus. uhiuliah 427 
 
 Tomliiison, Thomas A 428 
 
 ToiiiUins. Caleb 428 
 
 ToiUkius, D.iiliel D 42S 
 
 Townsenil. Dwight 429 
 
 Townseml, George 429 
 
 Tomiseiid, James 429 
 
 Townsenil, Martin 1 429 
 
 Tracy, Alberi H 429 
 
 Tracy, PhineasL 429 
 
 Tracv. Uri 429 
 
 Tredwell. Thomas 430 
 
 Tieinaiu. Lyman 430 
 
 Tilrrell, Joel 435 
 
 Tntlnll, Jo.wph H 435 
 
 Tuihill. Seali 4:J5 
 
 Tweed, William M 435 
 
 Tyler, Asher 435 
 
 Tyson, Jacob 436 
 
 Underbill, Walter 436 
 
 Vail. Henry 437 
 
 Valli, William W 437 
 
 Van Aeriiam. Henry 43S 
 
 Van Allen, James ti 438 
 
 Van Allen, John E 4-38 
 
 VanBnren. John 4.38 
 
 Van Biiren. Martin 438 
 
 Van Cortlanilt, Philip 439 
 
 Van Corllaiidt. Pierce, Jr 439 
 
 Vauderpool, Aaron .. 439 
 
 Vanilerveer, Abraliam 4.39 
 
 Van Gaasbeck. Peter 439 
 
 Van Horn, Burt 439 
 
 Van Houton, Isaac B 439 
 
 Van Ness. John P 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Henry 440 
 
 Van Keiisselaer, Jeremiah 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Killian K 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Solomou 440 
 
 Van Kensselaer, Stephen 440 
 
 Van Valkenbuigh, Robert B 440 
 
 Van Wyck, Charles H 441 
 
 Van Wyck, William W 441 
 
 Veiplaiick, Daniel C 441 
 
 Verplanck, Gnlian C 441 
 
 Vibbard, Chauncey 442 
 
 Wagner. Peter J... 443 
 
 W^akeman, Abraham 444 
 
 Walbridge, Henry S 444 
 
 Walbridge, Hiram 444 
 
 Walden, Hiram 444 
 
 Walker, Benjamin 445 
 
 Walker, C. C. B 445 
 
 Walker, William A 446 
 
 Wall, Willitm 446 
 
 Walsh, Mike 447 
 
 Walworth, Reuben Hyde 448 
 
 Ward. Aaron 448 
 
 Ward. Elijah 418 
 
 Ward, Hamilton 449 
 
 Ward, Jonathan 449 
 
 Warden, Daniel 449 
 
 Warren, Cornelins 
 
 Warren, Joseph M 
 
 Watson, James 4.W 
 
 Wa tis, John 453 
 
 Wells, Alfred 455 
 
 Wells, John 456 
 
 Welidover, Peter H 456 
 
 Westbrook, Theodoric R 
 
 Westerlo, Rensselaer 
 
 Whallon, Reuben 457 
 
 Wheaton, Horace 
 
 Wheeler, Grattan H 458 
 
 Wheeler. John 45f 
 
 Wheeler, William A. ^ 45t 
 
 White, Bartow W 459 
 
 White, Campbell P 459 
 
 White, Hugh 459 
 
 White, Joseph L 460 
 
 Whitehouse, John 461 
 
 Whitney, Thomas R 461 
 
 Whittemore, Elias 462 
 
 Whittlesey. Frederick 462 
 
 Wickes, Eliphalet 462 
 
 Wilber, David 463 
 
 Wilkin, James W ... 4IH 
 
 Wilkin. Samuel J 
 
 Williams, Andrew 
 
 Williams, Isaac, Jr 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, Nathan 467 
 
 Williams. William 468 
 
 Willis. Benjamin A 469 
 
 Willonghby. Westel, Jr 469 
 
 Wilson, Isaac 470 
 
 Wilson. Nathan 471 
 
 Winfleld. CharlesH 472 
 
 Winter, Elisha J 473 
 
 Wisiier. Henry 473 
 
 Wood, Benjamin 475 
 
 Wood, Bradford R 475 
 
 Wood, Fernando 475 
 
 Wood, John J 475 
 
 Wood, Silas 475 
 
 Woodcock. David 476 
 
 Woodruff, Thomas M 476 
 
 Woods, William 476 
 
 Woodworth, William W 477 
 
 Wriijht, Silas 479 
 
 Yntes, Abraham, Jr 480 
 
 Yates, .lohii B 480 
 
 Tales, Peier W 480 
 
 Young, John 481 
 
 North Carolina, 
 
 Abbott, John C 1 
 
 Alexander, Evan 4 
 
 Alexaniler. Nathaniel 4 
 
 Alston, Willis 6 
 
 Arrington, H. Archibald 12 
 
 Ashe, John Baptiste 12 
 
 Ashe, Thomas S 12 
 
 Ashe, Williams 12 
 
 Badger, George B 15 
 
 Barringer, Daniel h W 
 
 Barringer. Daniel Moreau 22 
 
 Hethune, Laughlin 31 
 
 Biggs, Asa 33 
 
 Blackledge, William 35 
 
 Blackledgo, William S 35 
 
 Bloodworth, Timothy 38 
 
 Blount, Thomas 39 
 
 Boyden. Nathaniel 44 
 
 Bragg, Thomas 46 
 
 Branch. John 46 
 
 Branch, Lawrence O'Brien 46 
 
 Brown, Bedford 51 
 
 Bryan, .John H 65 
 
 Bryan, Joseph H 5.') 
 
 Bryan, Joseph H 55 
 
 Bryan, Nathan 65 
 
 Biyde, Archibald, M 65 
 
 Burgess. Dempsey 68 
 
 Bnrke, Thomas 68 
 
 Burton, Hutch ins G 61 
 
 Burton, Robert 61 
 
 Bynnm, Jesse A 63 
 
 Caldwell. Greene W 64 
 
 Caldwell, JoseiihP 64 
 
 Carson, Samuel P 71 
 
 well. Richard 73 
 
 Chirk, Henry S 80 
 
 Clark, James W 81 
 
 Cliiigmaii, Thomas L 86 
 
 Cobb, Clinton L 87 
 
 Cockran, James 89 
 
 Connor, Henry W 93 
 
 ige. Burton 99 
 
 Crudnp. Josiah 103 
 
 Culpepper, John 10.3 
 
 Gumming, William 104 
 
 Daniel. John R.J 108 
 
 Davidson. William 110 
 
 Davis, Josepn J 118 
 
 Dawson, William J 113 
 
 Deberry, Edmund 115 
 
 Deweese, John T 118 
 
 Dickens. Samuel 119 
 
 Dixon, Joseph 129 
 
 Dixon, Jofieph Henry 122 
 
 Dobbin, James C 122 
 
 Dockery, Alfred 122 
 
 Dockery. Oliver H 122 
 
 Donnell. Richard S 124 
 
 Dudley, Edward B 1>7 
 
 Edwards, Weldon N 1.34 
 
 Fisher, Charles 147 
 
 Forney, Daniel M 151 
 
 Forney, Peter 151 
 
 Franklin, Jesse. 155 
 
 Franklin. Meshack 155 
 
 French, John R 156 
 
 Gartlin, Alfred 161 
 
 Gaston, William 161 
 
 Giles. John 164 
 
 Gillespie. James 164 
 
 Gilmir, John A 165 
 
 Graham, .lames 170 
 
 Graham, William A 170 
 
 (irove, William B 176 
 
 Hall, Thomas H 180 
 
 Harnett, Cornelius 187 
 
 Harper, James C 187 
 
 Hawkins. Benjamin 193 
 
 Hawkins, M.T 193 
 
 Haywood, William H., Jr 195 
 
 Heaton, David 196 
 
 Henderson, Archibald 197 
 
 Hewes, Joseph 201 
 
 Hevward, Thomas 201 
 
 Hill, John 203 
 
 Hill, Whitmell 203 
 
 Hill, William H 203 
 
 Hines, Richard 204 
 
 Holland, James 2117 
 
 Holmes, Gabriel 208 
 
 Hooks, Charles 209 
 
 Hooper, William 209 
 
 Hynian, John Adams 220 
 
 Iredell, James 221 
 
 Johnson, James 228 
 
 Johnston, Charles 2.30 
 
 Johnston, Samuel 231 
 
 Jones, Alexander H 231 
 
 Jones. Allen 231 
 
 .Tones, Willie 233 
 
 Kenan, Thomas 237 
 
 Kennedy, William 238 
 
 Kerr, Jolin 2.39 
 
 Lash. Israel G 250 
 
 Leach, James M 253 
 
 Locke, Francis 262 
 
 Locke, Matthew... 262 
 
 Long, J ohn 263 
 
 Love, William C 264 
 
 Macon, Nathaniel 268 
 
 Mangum, Willie P 270 
 
 Manning, John. Jr 271 
 
 .Martin. Alexander 274 
 
 McDowell, Joseph 283 
 
 McFarlan, Duncan 283 
 
 McKav, James J 285 
 
 McNiel, Archibald 288 
 
 Mehane, Alexander 289 
 
 Merrlmon, Augustus S 291 
 
 Mitchell, Anderson 295 
 
 Montgomery, William 297 
 
 Morehead. I. T 299 
 
 Mumlord. George 80H 
 
 Murfree, William H 306 
 
 Nash, Ahner 307 
 
 Outlaw, David 319 
 
 Outlaw, George C 319 
 
 Owen. James 319 
 
 Paine, Roliert T 321 
 
 Pearson, Joseph 327 
 
 Penn.John 329 
 
 Pettigiew. Ebenezer 331 
 
 Pickens, Israel (see Alabama) 334 
 
 Pool, John 340 
 
 Potier, Robert. . . 342 
 
 Purvinnce, Samuel D 347 
 
 Puryear, Ricliard C 347 
 
 Ransom, Mathew W 350 
 
 Rayner, Kenneth 351 
 
 Reade, Edwin G 352 
 
 Keid, David S SnS 
 
 Rencher. Abraham 354 
 
 Robbins. William M .359 
 
 Rogers. Sion H 363 
 
 Ruftin, Thomas 366 
 
 Saunders. Romulus M 371 
 
 Sawyer, Lemuel 371 
 
CiS 
 
 INDEX BY STATES, 
 
 Sawyer, S. T 371 
 
 Scales, Alfied M., Jr 372 
 
 Settle, Thomas 378 
 
 Sevier. John (see Teunessee) 378 
 
 Shadwick, William 379 
 
 Sharpe, William 380 
 
 Shaw, Henry M 381 
 
 Shopard. Charles B 382 
 
 Shepard William B 383 
 
 Shepperd, Angnstns H 383 
 
 Sholier, Francis E 385 
 
 Sitgreaves, John 387 
 
 Slocnm, Jesse 389 
 
 Smith, James S 391 
 
 Smith, William Alexander 3!)5 
 
 Sipilh, William N. H 3!)5 
 
 Spaiiht, Richard D 307 
 
 Spaisht, Eicliard D 397 
 
 Slanford, Richard 401 
 
 Stanley, Edward 401 
 
 Stanley, John 401 
 
 Steele, John 41)3 
 
 Stewart. James 406 
 
 Stokes, Montford ; 408 
 
 Stone, David 408 
 
 Stranf;e. Robert 410 
 
 Swan, John 414 
 
 Tatum, Absalom 41S 
 
 Thomas, Charles R 422 
 
 Turner, Daniel 4.34 
 
 Turner. James 434 
 
 Vance, Robert Brank 438 
 
 Vance, Robert B 438 
 
 Vance, Zebnion B 4.-i8 
 
 Venable. Abraham W 411 
 
 Waddell. Alfred Moore 413 
 
 Walker, Felix 
 
 Washington, William H 452 
 
 Williams, Benjamin 
 
 Williams, John ... im 
 
 Williams, Lewis 4fi7 
 
 Williams, Marmaduke 4ii7 
 
 Williams, Robert 
 
 Williamson, Hush 
 
 Winsloiv, Warren , 
 
 Winston, Joseph 473 
 
 Wynn, Thomas 479 
 
 Taney, Bartlett 480 
 
 Yates, Jesse J 480 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Albright, Charles J .. . 3 
 
 Alexander, James, Jr 4 
 
 Alexander. John 4 
 
 Allen, John W 6 
 
 Allen, William 6 
 
 Alien, William 5 
 
 Ambler, Jacob A 7 
 
 Andrews. Sherlock J 9 
 
 Ashlev, James M 13 
 
 Ball, Edward 19 
 
 ISanniii!.'. Henry B 20 
 
 Barber, Levi 20 
 
 Bairere, Nelson 22 
 
 Bartley. Mordecai 23 
 
 Beall. Rezin 2li 
 
 Beatty, John 2(i 
 
 Becclier. Philemon 27 
 
 Bell, Hiram 28 
 
 Bell, James M 28 
 
 Bell, John 28 
 
 Berry, John 31 
 
 Binifbam. John A 34 
 
 Blake, Harrison G 37 
 
 Bliss, George 38 
 
 Bliss, Philemon 38 
 
 Bund, William Key 40 
 
 Brinkerlioir, Henry R 4S 
 
 BrinkirhoU; Jacob 4S 
 
 Brown. Ethan A 52 
 
 Brush, Henry 54 
 
 Buckl.md, Ralph P .'56 
 
 Bundy. Hezekiah S 68 
 
 But net, Jacob 59 
 
 Burns, Joseph 60 
 
 Busby, George H HI 
 
 Cable. Joseph 63 
 
 Caldwell, James 64 
 
 Cambell, Alexander 66 
 
 Camjibell, John W 07 
 
 Campbell, Lewis D 67 
 
 Canby. Richards 68 
 
 Carey, John 6^t 
 
 Cartter. David K 71 
 
 Cary, SamuelP 71 
 
 Chambers, David 74 
 
 Cham-y, John 75 
 
 Cha^e, >jilnion P 76 
 
 Clarke. Reader Wright 82 
 
 Clendenen, David 85 
 
 Cockerill, Joseph R 89 
 
 Coffin, Charles G 89 
 
 Cooke, Eleutheros 94 
 
 Corwin, Moses B 96 
 
 CVu-win, Thomas 96 
 
 Cowan, Jacob P 97 
 
 Cowen, Benjamin S 97 
 
 Cox, Samuel S 98 
 
 Crane, Joseph H 99 
 
 Creighton. William 101 
 
 Crowell, John 103 
 
 Cummins, John D 104 
 
 Cunningham, Frnncis A 104 
 
 Cutler, William P 106 
 
 Danford. Lorenzo 
 
 Davenport, John no 
 
 Day, Timothy C 114 
 
 Dean, Ezra 114 
 
 Delano, Columbus US 
 
 Dickinson, Edward F 120 
 
 Dickinson, Rudolphus 120 
 
 Disney, David T 181 
 
 Donne, William 122 
 
 Dodds, Ozro J 123 
 
 Duncan, Alexander [ 128 
 
 Dutican. Daniel 128 
 
 Eckley, Ephraim R 132 
 
 Edgerton, Alfred P 132 
 
 Ed^'erton, Sidney 132 
 
 Edwards, Tom O 134 
 
 Kggleston, Benjamin 134 
 
 Eliii 
 
 , Andrew 
 
 136 
 
 Emrie. J. Reece 1.38 
 
 Evans, Nathan 140 
 
 Ewiu',', Thomas .' 141 
 
 Faran, James J J42 
 
 Feiiring, Paul 143 
 
 Findlay, James 146 
 
 Fink, WilliamE 14b 
 
 Fisher, David 147 
 
 Florence, Elias US 
 
 Foster, Charles isj 
 
 Fries, George 157 
 
 Galloway, Samuel ....l 159 
 
 Gartield, James A KM) 
 
 Gaylord, James M ."]."*. 162 
 
 Gazley, James W .'. ih2 
 
 Giddings, Joshua R ',',.] I63 
 
 Goode, Patrick G 107 
 
 Goodenow, Jotin M i(j7 
 
 Green, Frederick W '.'..", 172 
 
 Griswold, Stanley i-.!; 
 
 Groesbeck, William S 175 
 
 Gnnckel, Lewis B ifg 
 
 Gurlcy, John A ]' 177 
 
 Hall, Lawrence W Igo 
 
 Hauler, Tliomas L igi 
 
 Hamilton, Cornelius S . , 182 
 
 Hamlin, Edward S 183 
 
 Harlan, Aaron [// igg 
 
 Harper, Alexander 187 
 
 Harrison, John S \[ 190 
 
 Harrison, Richard A 190 
 
 Harrison, William Henry 190 
 
 Hastings, John 192 
 
 Hayes, Rii I herford B '.'.'.'..'. i!)5 
 
 Helmick, William 197 
 
 Herrick, Samuel goi 
 
 Hitchcock, Peter 204 
 
 Hoag, Truman H .'"" 205 
 
 Hnagland, Moses " 205 
 
 Honon, Valentine B ........'. 211 
 
 Howard. William 213 
 
 Howell. Elias ;;.■;;.■ 214 
 
 Hubbell, James R 215 
 
 Hunter, William F 219 
 
 Hunter. William H 219 
 
 Hnrd, Frank Hunt 219 
 
 Hntchius, John ' 220 
 
 Hutcbins. Wells A ■'820 
 
 Irvin, William W '. 222 
 
 Jennings. David ' 2% 
 
 Jewett. Hugh J ;; 227 
 
 Johnson, Harvey H 228 
 
 Johnson, John [['_ 229 
 
 Johtison. Perley B !!!!!!!". 229 
 
 Johnson, William ' 231) 
 
 J»)lies, Benjamin '.'.'.*.'.'. 231 
 
 Kennon, William ".'' 2:J8 
 
 , Joseph. 
 
 Kilbourn. James 240 
 
 Kilgore, Daniel ]|,. 240 
 
 King, Adam ][[[ 241 
 
 Labm, Samuel 047 
 
 Lamlson, Charles N '.'.'/.'.'.'..' 217 
 
 Lawrence, William 2.52 
 
 Lawrence, William ".'.*.'.'.'..'.'" 252 
 
 Leadbetter, D. P '..'.'.'.'.'. 2^)3 
 
 Leavitt, Humjihrey H. .!..."!!.! 254 
 
 Le Blond, Francis C 254 
 
 Leiter. Benjamin P ]"],' 257 
 
 Lindsley, William D 260 
 
 Long, Alexander '.'.'..'. 263 
 
 Lytle, Robert T 267 
 
 Martin, Charles D 274 
 
 Miison, Samson [[[[ 276 
 
 Mathews, James ,. ........ 276 
 
 Mathiot, Ji>sbua , 277 
 
 McArthur, Dnnran.. "79 
 
 McCausIen, Williiim C.. ..'..'.'.'."'.'.'.'.' 280 
 
 McKinney, John F 286 
 
 McLane, Jeremiah 286 
 
 McLean, John '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 286 
 
 McLean, William ..,, 2S7 
 
 McMahon, John A 287 
 
 Medill, William '.'.'.'.'..'.'. 289 
 
 Meigs, Return J " 289 
 
 Mi Her. John K 293 
 
 Miller, Joseph 293 
 
 Mitchell. Robert ......... 290 
 
 Monroe. James 297 
 
 Moore. Eliakim Hastings 298 
 
 Moore, Heman A 298 
 
 Moore, Oscar F ." 29r 
 
 Morgan, Ge(n-ge W 300 
 
 Morris, Calvary 301 
 
 Morris, James R .,,', 302 
 
 Morris, Jonathan D 302 
 
 Morris, Joseph ][ 302 
 
 Morris, Thonuis ]. .302 
 
 Morrow. Jeremiah "" 303 
 
 Mott.Richard .'■.■.' 304 
 
 Muhlenberg. Francis Samuel .305 
 
 Mungen. William 306 
 
 Neal. Lawrence T 307 
 
 Newton, Ehcn 310 
 
 Nichols, Matthias U 311 
 
 Noble, Warren P 312 
 
 Nugen, Robert H 314 
 
 Olds, Edson B 316 
 
 O'Neill, John 317 
 
 Parrish, Isaac 324 
 
 Parsons, Richard C 324 
 
 Patterson, John 325 
 
 Patterson, William 326 
 
 Payne, Henry B satj 
 
 Peck, Erasmus D 327 
 
 Pendleton, George H 328 
 
 Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene 328 
 
 Perrill, Augustus L 330 
 
 Plants, Tobias A 338 
 
 Poppleton, E. F 340 
 
 Poller, Emery D 342 
 
 Pugh, George Ellis 346 
 
 Rice. Americus V 355 
 
 Riddle, Albert G 357 
 
 Ridgway, Joseph 357 
 
 Riichey, Thomas 358 
 
 Robinson, James W 361 
 
 Root, Joseph M 364 
 
 Rugglcs. Benjamin 3fi(j 
 
 Russell, William 367 
 
 Sapp, William R 370 
 
 Savage, John S 371 
 
 Sawyer, William 372 
 
 Sayler, Milton 372 
 
 Schenck, Robert C .372 
 
 Shannon, Thomas 380 
 
 Shannon, Wilson 380 
 
 Shelabar^er, Samuel 382 
 
 Sheplor, Matthias 383 
 
 Sherman, John S83 
 
 Sherwood, Isaac R 384 
 
 Shields, James 384 
 
 Sloane, John 388 
 
 Sloine, Jonathan 389 
 
 Smith, John t9a 
 
 Smith, John A 392 
 
 Smitli,JohnQ 392 
 
 Stm I hard. Mil I on J 397 
 
 Spalding. Rufus Paine 397 
 
 Spangler. David 397 
 
 Sprague, William P 400 
 
 Stanberry, William 41JI 
 
 Stanton, Benjamin 401 
 
 Starkweatiier. David A 402 
 
 Stevenson, Job E 4iiti 
 
 St. John. Henry 407 
 
 Stokeley. Samuel 408 
 
 Stone, Alfred P 4(J8 
 
 Storer, Bellamy 409 
 
 Strader, P. W 410 
 
 Stuart. Andrew 412 
 
 Swearingen, Henry 414 
 
 Sweeny, George 415 
 
 Sweetser. Charles 4i.i 
 
 Tappan, Benjamin 417 
 
 Tayhir, John L 418 
 
 Taylor, Jonathan 419 
 
 Theakcr, Thomas 
 
 Tho 
 
 J<din. 
 
 425 
 
 Thurman, Allen G 425 
 
 Tiffin. Edward 426 
 
 Tilden, Uaniel R 4-i6 
 
 Tomkins, Cydnor B 428 
 
INDEX BY STATES, 
 
 049 
 
 Townsend. N. S 459 
 
 Trirnhle. C.iry A 431 
 
 Trimble, William A 431 
 
 U|>s.>a. WilliamH 437 
 
 Vallandighain, Clement L 4:)7 
 
 Vance, John L 43S 
 
 Vance, Joseph 438 
 
 Van Metre, John J 439 
 
 Van Trump, Philadelph 440 
 
 Van Voorhes, Nelson H 440 
 
 Vinton, Samuel F 442 
 
 W.ide, Benjamin F 443 
 
 Wade, Edward 443 
 
 Walling, Ansel T 447 
 
 Watscjn, Cooper K 45-2 
 
 Webster. Taylor 454 
 
 Welch, John 455 
 
 Weiker, Martin 455 
 
 Weller, John B 4.i5 
 
 White, Chilton A 459 
 
 White, Joseph W 4(i0 
 
 Whittlesey, Elislia 462 
 
 Whittlesey. William A 462 
 
 WiUon, Jeremiah M 471 
 
 Wi Ison, John T 471 
 
 Wilson, William... 471 
 
 Winans, James January 471 
 
 Wood, Amos E 475 
 
 WoocKs John 47H 
 
 Woodworth, Laurin D 477 
 
 Worcester, Samuel T 477 
 
 Worthinslon, Thomas 478 
 
 Wright, John C 478 
 
 Oregon. 
 
 Corliett, Heury W 95 
 
 Grover, Lafayette 17(i 
 
 Hardin?, Benjamin F I8« 
 
 Henderson, John H. D 19S 
 
 Kelly, James K 23H 
 
 LaDotv. George A 246 
 
 Lane, Joseph 248 
 
 Lane, La Fayette 249 
 
 Mallory. Rufus 270 
 
 McBride, John K 219 
 
 MilchcU, Jol:n H 29H 
 
 Nesmilh, James W 309 
 
 Shiel, George K 384 
 
 Slater, James U 388 
 
 Smith, Delazon 390 
 
 Smith, Joseph S 393 
 
 Stark, Benjamin 402 
 
 SUmt, Lansing 410 
 
 Thursion, Samuel R 426 
 
 Williams, George H 465 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Acker, Ephr.iim L 1 
 
 Afldams, William 3 
 
 Ahl, John A 3 
 
 Albright, Charles ... 3 
 
 Allen, Andrew 4 
 
 Allison. James 6 
 
 Alli-on, John B 
 
 Allison, Robert (i 
 
 Ancona. Sydenham E 7 
 
 Anderson," Isaac 7 
 
 Anders<m, Samuel 7 
 
 Anderson, William 7 
 
 Anthony, Joseph B 9 
 
 Armstrong, Jautcs 10 
 
 Armstrong. WilliamH 11 
 
 A-h, Michael W 12 
 
 At Lee, Samuel John 14 
 
 Babbitt. Elijah 15 
 
 Baily, Joseph 16 
 
 Baldwin. Henry 18 
 
 Banks, John 19 
 
 Barclav. David 20 
 
 Bard. David 20 
 
 Barker, Abraham A 20 
 
 Barlow, Stephen 21 
 
 Barnard, Isaac D 21 
 
 Bariiitz. Charles A 21 
 
 Bayard, John 2'> 
 
 Beatty, William 27 
 
 Be.inmont. Andrew 27 
 
 Beeson, Henry W 28 
 
 Bibighaiis, Thomas M 31 
 
 Biddie, ('barles John 31 
 
 Biddle, Elward 33 
 
 Biddle, Richard 32 
 
 Bid'ack. Henjamin A 32 
 
 Biery. James S '^i 
 
 Bijer. William 33 
 
 Bingham, William 34 
 
 Binney, Horace 34 
 
 Black, Henry .35 
 
 Black, .lames 35 
 
 Blair, Samuel S 37 
 
 Bill nchard, John 37 
 
 Bodeii, Andrew 39 
 
 Boude, Thomas 41 
 
 Boudin<.t. Elias 41 
 
 Boyer, Benjamin M 44 
 
 Bradshaw. Samuel C 46 
 
 Brady, Jasper E 46 
 
 Rreck, Samuel 47 
 
 Bridges, Samuel A 48 
 
 Brodliead, Richard 49 
 
 Broom, Jacob 51 
 
 Broomall. John M 51 
 
 Brown, Charles 52 
 
 Brown, Jeremiah 52 
 
 Brown, John 53 
 
 Brown, Robert 53 
 
 Buchanan, Andrew 55 
 
 Buchanan, James 55 
 
 Bucher, JohnC 55 
 
 Biickalew, Charles R 56 
 
 Biifflngton, Joseph 57 
 
 Bnrd, George 58 
 
 Burnett, Frank C 69 
 
 Buruside, Thomas 60 
 
 Butler, Chester 62 
 
 Cadwalader, John 63 
 
 Cadwalider, Lambert 63 
 
 Cake, Henry L 64 
 
 Calvin, Samuel 66 
 
 Cameron, Simon 66 
 
 Campbell, James II 67 
 
 Campbell, John H 67 
 
 Casey, Joseph 73 
 
 Cessna, John 73 
 
 Chaml)er8, George 74 
 
 Chandler, Joseph R 75 
 
 Chapman, Henry 76 
 
 Chapman, Jolin 76 
 
 Clark, M. S 81 
 
 Clark. William 81 
 
 Clarkson, Matthew 83 
 
 Clingan, William 86 
 
 Clymer, George 87 
 
 Clymer, Hiester 87 
 
 Cociiran, Alexander C 88 
 
 Coffroth, Alexander H 89 
 
 Collins, Francis D 91 
 
 Conrad, Frederick 93 
 
 Conrad, John 93 
 
 Cooper, James 95 
 
 Cooper, Thomas B 95 
 
 Coulter, Richard 96 
 
 Covode, John 97 
 
 Cowan, Edgar 97 
 
 Coxe. Tench 98 
 
 Crawlord, Thomas H 100 
 
 Crawford, William lOU 
 
 Creel.v, John V 101 
 
 Crouch, Edward 103 
 
 Culver, Charles Vernon 104 
 
 Curiis, Carlton B 104 
 
 Dallas, Georire Mifflin 107 
 
 Daiiner, W. B 108 
 
 Daiii gton, Edward 109 
 
 Darlington, Isaac 109 
 
 Darragh, Cornelius 109 
 
 Davies, Edward 110 
 
 Davis, John lU 
 
 Davis, Roger 112 
 
 Davis, William M 113 
 
 Dawson, John L 113 
 
 Deuison. Charles 117 
 
 Dennisoii, George 117 
 
 Denny. Harmar 118 
 
 Dewart, Lewis 118 
 
 Dewart William L 118 
 
 Dick, John 119 
 
 Dickey, Jesse C 119 
 
 Dickey, John 120 
 
 Dickey, Oliver J 120 
 
 Dickinson, John (see Delaware) 120 
 
 Diiiimick, Milo M 121 
 
 Dimmick, WilliamH 131 
 
 Dimock, Davis, Jr 121 
 
 Donley. Joseph B 124 
 
 Drum. Augustus 13(1 
 
 Eckert, George N 1.33 
 
 Edie, John R 132 
 
 Edwards, John 1.33 
 
 Edwards, Samuel i:M 
 
 Egbert, A. G 134 
 
 Ege, George 134 
 
 Eldred, Nathaniel B 1.35 
 
 Ellis, William C 1.36 
 
 Erdman. Jacob 1.33 
 
 Evans. Joshua 139 
 
 Everharl, William 141 
 
 Ewingjohnll 141 
 
 Farrelly, John W 143 
 
 Farreily. Patrick 142 
 
 Findlay. John 146 
 
 Findlay, William 146 
 
 Findlay, William 146 
 
 Finney, Darwin A 146 
 
 Fitzsiinons. Thomas 148 
 
 Florence, Thomas B 149 
 
 Ford, James 151 
 
 Fornance, Joseph 151 
 
 Forrest, Thomas l.il 
 
 Forward, Chauncey 152 
 
 Forward, Walter 1.53 
 
 Foster. Henry D 1 .i3 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin 154 
 
 Freedley, John l.'>5 
 
 Freeman, Chapman 155 
 
 Frey, Joseph 156 
 
 Flick. Henry 1.57 
 
 Fry, Jacob. Jr 157 
 
 Fuller, George 157 
 
 Fuller, Henry M 157 
 
 Fullertou, David l.'iS 
 
 Galbraith, John 158 
 
 Gallatin. Albert 159 
 
 Galloway. Joseph 1.59 
 
 Gamble, James 159 
 
 Gardner, Joseph 160 
 
 Garvin. William S IKl 
 
 Gerry, James 163 
 
 Getz, ,r. Liwrence 163 
 
 Giltillan. C. W 164 
 
 Gillis, James L 165 
 
 Gilmore, Alfred 165 
 
 Gilmore, John 166 
 
 Glasgow, Hugh i(i6 
 
 Glomnger, J4>hn 166 
 
 Glossbrenner, Adam J 166 
 
 Green, Innis 173 
 
 Gregg. Andrew 173 
 
 Griffin, Isaac 174 
 
 Griffith, Samnol 174 
 
 Gross,Samuel 175 
 
 Grow, Galusha A 176 
 
 Gustine, Amos 177 
 
 Hahn, John 178 
 
 Haldeman, Richard J 178 
 
 Hale, James T 179 
 
 Hall, Cbapin 179 
 
 Hamilton, John 183 
 
 H:inimond, Robert H 1S3 
 
 Hampton, Moses 181 
 
 Hand, Edward 184 
 
 Hanna, John A l.><4 
 
 Harmer, Alfred C 1,87 
 
 Harper, Francis J 1,S7 
 
 Harper, J.imes 1S7 
 
 Harris, Robert 189 
 
 Harrison. S. S 19;) 
 
 Hartley, Thomas 191 
 
 Havs. L. Samuel 195 
 
 Heister, Daniel 196 
 
 Heister, Daniel 196 
 
 Heister, John 196 
 
 Heister, .Joseph 196 
 
 Heister. William 197 
 
 Hemphill, Joseph 197 
 
 HrndeiBon, Joseph 198 
 
 Henderson, Samuel 198 
 
 Henry, Thomas 199 
 
 Henry, William 200 
 
 Hibshmnn. Jacob 2II2 
 
 Hickman. John 202 
 
 Hiesler, Isaac Ellmaker 202 
 
 Hill, Thomas 20.j 
 
 Hoge, John 207 
 
 Hoge, William 207 
 
 Hook, Enos 209 
 
 Hopkins, James Herron 210 
 
 Hopkinson, Joseph 210 
 
 Horn. Henry 210 
 
 Hoinbeck, John W 210 
 
 Hostetter, Jacob 211 
 
 Howe, John W 213 
 
 Howe, Thomas M 214 
 
 Hribloy, Edward B 216 
 
 Humphrey, Charles 2i7 
 
 Humjihreys, Charles 217 
 
 Humphreys, Jacol> Sl7 
 
 Hyneman, John M 220 
 
 Ihrie. Peter 2i0 
 
 Ingersoll, Charles J 231 
 
 lugcrsoll, Jared 221 
 
 Ingersoll. Joseph R 231 
 
 Ingham, Samuel D 221 
 
 Irvin, Alexander 222 
 
 Irvin, James 233 
 
 Irvine, William 233 
 
 Irwin, Jared *-'23 
 
 Irwin, Thomas 222 
 
 Irivin, William W 233 
 
 .Jack. William 323 
 
 Jackson. David 223 
 
 Jacobs. Israel 235 
 
 James, Francis 22-> 
 
 Jenkins, Robert 236 
 
G50 
 
 INDEX BY STATES, 
 
 Jcnks, Goorge A 225 
 
 JeiikK. MichiiH H 22ti 
 
 Johnson, Philip 22H 
 
 J.iiics.J. Glaiicy 282 
 
 JoHL-?, Owen 232 
 
 Jones. William 233 
 
 Juiikin, Bnnjarnin T 
 
 Keitn, (iecrfje May 
 
 Keini, William H 
 
 Killey William W 23S 
 
 Kelly. James 236 
 
 Kcir. ,l(.liM 239 
 
 K.ichnm, Winthrop W 239 
 
 Killinirer. John W 241 
 
 KiML'. Henry 241 
 
 Kiir.-ra. .Iiihn W 244 
 
 Kiltera, Thomas 244 
 
 Klin!;in>niith. John. Jr 245 
 
 Kniirht. Jimsthan 24,'j 
 
 Kooniz, William H 246 
 
 Krebs. Jacob , 246 
 
 Knmier. Geor:;e 246 
 
 Kiili lis. Joseph n 246 
 
 Knnkel. John C 246 
 
 Kurtz. William H 246 
 
 Laeock, Abner 216 
 
 Liinily, James ;.. 24S 
 
 Laporre, John 2.)0 
 
 Lawrence, Georsre V 2.^>1 
 
 Lawrenci', Joseph 252 
 
 L'izcar. Jesse 2.53 
 
 Leet. Isaac 256 
 
 Lc'levre. Joseph 2.56 
 
 Lehman, William E 256 
 
 Li-ili, Miclniel 256 
 
 Leih, Owen D 2.56 
 
 Liidv, Piul 256 
 
 Leiper, GcoiRe G 257 
 
 Levin, Lewis C 2.57 
 
 Lo^.m, (!e: i^e 262 
 
 Loyaii, Henry 2H2 
 
 LonL'iiecker. Henry C 268 
 
 I.oiM-r. Christian 265 
 
 Lowric, Walter 265 
 
 Luras, John B. C 265 
 
 Lyie, Aaron 266 
 
 Macki-y. L. A 268 
 
 Maclaiiahan, James X 26S 
 
 Maelay, Samnel 2G.S 
 
 Mac'l.'iy, William 268 
 
 Marlay, William 268 
 
 M.rlay, William P 26S 
 
 Magi'c, .lohn A 269 
 
 Mai»h, Levi 270 
 
 Mann, Job 271 
 
 Mmoii, Joel K 271 
 
 Marehaml, AlhertG 271 
 
 Marehand. David 271 
 
 Markh-y. Philip S 212 
 
 Marks, William 272 
 
 Marr. Alcm 272 
 
 Matliiek. Timothy 277 
 
 McAlli-t.T. Archibald 279 
 
 Mc''l -an, Moses 280 
 
 MeClelUnd, William 880 
 
 McCLnachan, Blair 280 
 
 McOleiie. .lames 280 
 
 McCoy. Itobirt 281 
 
 Mecrridv, William 282 
 
 McCiilIoch, George 282 
 
 Mcculloch, Jolin 282 
 
 McCiilloch, 'I'liomas G 282 
 
 Mcllvaine, Abraham R 284 
 
 McJiinkin. Ebenezer 284 
 
 McKran. Samuel 285 
 
 McKeniian. Thomas M. T 285 
 
 Mi-Ki-nty, Jacob K 286 
 
 McKnight, Robert 286 
 
 Mc^air, John 2S7 
 
 McPherson. Edward 288 
 
 McSlnrry. James S88 
 
 Merciir. Ulys-^es 290 
 
 Mcedith ijamuci 290 
 
 Meyers, Benjamin P 292 
 
 Middles vvarth. Ner 292 
 
 Miniiii, Thomas 292 
 
 Mdler, Daniel H 293 
 
 Miller, George F 293 
 
 Miller, Jesse 293 
 
 Miller, William H 294 
 
 Miliward, John 295 
 
 Will"a'd. William 295 
 
 Mill or, James 295 
 
 Milnor. William 295 
 
 Miner, Charles 295 
 
 Mill-hell, Jiimes S 296 
 
 Mili-liell. John 296 
 
 MiiffiM, .John 2!16 
 
 Moiit^iimerv, Daniel 297 
 
 MoniKoiiierv, John G 297 
 
 Moiitu'oiiiery, Joseph 297 
 
 Montijomery, William 297 
 
 Montgomery, William 297 
 
 Moore, Henry D 298 
 
 Mooie, Robert 29;: 
 
 Moore, Samuel 29S 
 
 Moore, William S 299 
 
 Moorhead, James Kennedy 299 
 
 Morrell, Daniel J 300 
 
 Morris, Charles 301 
 
 Morris, Edward Joy 301 
 
 Morris, Mai bias .302 
 
 Morris, Robert 302 
 
 Morris, Samnel W 302 
 
 Morrison, .lobn A 303 
 
 Morton John 303 
 
 Muhlenberg, Frederick Aul'Usius 305 
 
 Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus 3I'5 
 
 MuhlenberL', Henry Augu.«tu8 305 
 
 Miihleiiberg, John Peter Gabriel 305 
 
 Murray, John 306 
 
 Murray, Thomas 307 
 
 Mutchler, William 307 
 
 Myers, Amos ,307 
 
 Myers, Leonard .307 
 
 Naylor, Charles .307 
 
 Nestlev, James S 308 
 
 Nes, Henry 309 
 
 Newhard, Peter 310 
 
 Ogle, Alexander 315 
 
 cgle, Andrew J »15 
 
 Ogle, Charles 315 
 
 O'Neill. Charles 317 
 
 Orr. Uoheit 317 
 
 Packer, Asa 320 
 
 Packer, John B 320 
 
 Parker, Andrew 322 
 
 Patterson. Thomas 325 
 
 Patton, John 326 
 
 Pawling, Levi 326 
 
 Paynli.T, Lemuel 326 
 
 Pearce. John J 327 
 
 Peters, Richard 3:31 
 
 Petrikcn. David 331 
 
 Pettil, Charles 331 
 
 Pettis, S. Newton 331 
 
 Phelps, Darwin 332 
 
 Phillips, Henry M 3.33 
 
 Phillips. John 333 
 
 Philson, Robert .333 
 
 Piper, William 337 
 
 Pitman, Charles W 338 
 
 Plumer, Arnold 338 
 
 Plumer, George 338 
 
 Pollock, James 339 
 
 Porter, John 341 
 
 Potter, William W 343 
 
 Potts. David, Jr 313 
 
 Powell, Joseph 343 
 
 Pngh, John 346 
 
 Pnrviance, Samuel A 346 
 
 Ramsay, Robert 348 
 
 Ramsey, William 341 
 
 Kamsev, William S 349 
 
 Randall. Samuel J 349 
 
 Ilea. John 351 
 
 Read, AlraonH 351 
 
 Read. J 352 
 
 Heading, John R 352 
 
 Reed, Charles M 353 
 
 Reed, Joseph 3.53 
 
 Reed, Robert R 333 
 
 Rellly, James B 354 
 
 Reilly, John 354 
 
 Reilly, Wilson 354 
 
 Reily. Luther 354 
 
 Rhodes, Samuel 3.55 
 
 Richards, Jacob 356 
 
 Richards, John 356 
 
 Richards, Matthias 356 
 
 Ritchie. David 35s 
 
 Ritter. John 358 
 
 Robbins, John, Jr .359 
 
 Roberdeau, Daniel 359 
 
 Roberts, Anthony E... 359 
 
 Roberts. Jonathan 360 
 
 Robins, John 360 
 
 Robison, David P 361 
 
 Rodman. William 362 
 
 Rogers, Thomas J 363 
 
 Ross, George 364 
 
 Ross. James 3ii4 
 
 Ross, John 365 
 
 Ross. Sobieeki 365 
 
 Ross, Thomas 365 
 
 Ross. Thomas R 365 
 
 Rush. Benjamin .367 
 
 Russell, James M 367 
 
 Russell. Samuel L 367 
 
 Sav, Benjamin 372 
 
 Schwarls, John 374 
 
 Scofleld, Glenni W 374 
 
 Sroit. John 314 
 
 Scott, Johu S74 
 
 Scott, Thomas 375 
 
 Scran ton. George W 375 
 
 Searle, James 376 
 
 Sergeant, John 377 
 
 Sey bert, Adam 379 
 
 ShelTer, Daniel 381 
 
 Sheakley. James 381 
 
 Sliippen, William 38,1 
 
 Shoemaker, Lazarus D 385 
 
 Sill, Thomas H 386 
 
 Simonion, William 386 
 
 Sitgreaves. Samuel 387 
 
 Slaymaker, Amos 388 
 
 Smilie. John 390 
 
 Smiih, George 391 
 
 Smith, HeiT A 391 
 
 Smith, Isaac 391 
 
 Smith, James 391 
 
 Smith, John T 393 
 
 Smith, Jonathan B 393 
 
 Smith, Samuel 394 
 
 Smith, Samuel A 394 
 
 Smith, Thomas 394 
 
 Snyder, John 396 
 
 Spangler, Jacob 398 
 
 Speer, Robert Milton 398 
 
 St. Clair, Arlhnr 402 
 
 Stenger, William S 403 
 
 Stephens, Philander 404 
 
 Stephenson, James S 404 
 
 sterigere. John B 404 
 
 Stevens, Tliaddeus 405 
 
 Stewart, Andrew 406 
 
 Stewart , John 406 
 
 Stewart, William 406 
 
 Stiles. John D 407 
 
 Storm, John B 409 
 
 Straub, Christian M 411 
 
 Slrawbridjie, James D 411 
 
 Strohm, John 411 
 
 Strong, William 412 
 
 Stronse, Myer 412 
 
 Sturgeon. Daniel 412 
 
 Sutherland, Joel B 414 
 
 Swan wick, John 414 
 
 Tarr, Christian 417 
 
 Taunehill. Adamson, 418 
 
 Taylor, Alexander Wilson .. 418 
 
 Taylor, Caleb N 4.8 
 
 Taylor, George 418 
 
 'I hayer, M. Russell 421 
 
 Thomas, Richard 423 
 
 Thompson, James 423 
 
 Thomson, Alexander 424 
 
 Todd, John 427 
 
 Todd. Lemuel 428 
 
 Toland. GeoiM W 428 
 
 Townsend. Washington 429 
 
 Tracy, H. W ..429 
 
 Trout, Michael C 432 
 
 Turney, Jacob 435 
 
 Tyson, Job R 436 
 
 Udree, Daniel 436 
 
 Van Auken, Dennis M 438 
 
 Van Home, Espy 439 
 
 Van Home, Isaac 449 
 
 Verree, John P ... 442 
 
 WaL'euer. D. D 443 
 
 Wallace, James M 446 
 
 W'allace, William A 447 
 
 Wallace, John W 447 
 
 Wain, Robert 447 
 
 Watmouijh, John G 452 
 
 Wayne, Isaac 453 
 
 Wcstbrook, John 457 
 
 Wharton, Samuel 458 
 
 White. Alli.«on 4.59 
 
 Whilehill, James 460 
 
 Whitehill, John 460 
 
 Whitehill, Robert 461 
 
 Whiteside. John 461 
 
 Wilkiiis, William 464 
 
 Williams, Jonathan 466 
 
 Williams, Thomas 4ii7 
 
 Willing, Thomas 469 
 
 Wilmot, David 469 
 
 Wilson, Henry 469 
 
 Wilsim. James 470 
 
 Wilson, James 470 
 
 Wilson, Stephen F 471 
 
 Wilson, Thomas 471 
 
 Wilson. William 471 
 
 Witte. WiMiam H 474 
 
 Wolf. George 474 
 
 Wood, Alan 474 
 
 Wood, John 475 
 
 Woods, Henry 476 
 
 Woods. John 476 
 
 Wood wa id, George W 477 
 
 Worman, Lndwig 477 
 
 Wright, Hendrick B 478 
 
 Wurtz, John 479 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 651 
 
 Wyncoop, Henry 479 
 
 Yost, JucobS 481 
 
 Bhode Island. 
 
 AUen, Philip 5 
 
 Anthony, Uenry B 9 
 
 Arnold, JonathiiD U 
 
 Arnold, Lemuel H 11 
 
 Arnokl, Peleg 11 
 
 Arnold, SiimuelG 18 
 
 Baker, Ciileb ir 
 
 Bttlluu. Latimer W Ill 
 
 Boss, John L 41 
 
 Bourne, Benjnmin 43 
 
 Bradford, Willinra 45 
 
 Bray ton, William D 4H 
 
 Brown, John 53 
 
 Browne, George H 64 
 
 Bur:,'e?, Tristiim 58 
 
 Biirnside, Ambrose E 6(1 
 
 BiirritI, James (10 
 
 Champlin, Christopher G 75 
 
 Clarke. John H S2 
 
 Collins, John 91 
 
 Cornell, Ezekiel 90 
 
 Cranston, Henry Y 99 
 
 Cranston, Robert B 99 
 
 Davis, Thomas 112 
 
 De Wolre, James 119 
 
 Dixon, Nathan P 12i 
 
 Dixon, Nathan F 122 
 
 Dnrlee, Job 129 
 
 Diirleo, Nathaniel B 129 
 
 Eimes, Benjamin T 131 
 
 Eddy, Samuel 132 
 
 Ellery, Christopher 185 
 
 Ellery, William l;!5 
 
 Fenner, James 144 
 
 Foster, Theodore 153 
 
 Francis, John B 154 
 
 Greene, Albert C 173 
 
 Greene, Ray 173 
 
 Hazard, Jonathan 1S5 
 
 Hazard, Nathaniel 19li 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen 210 
 
 Honell, David 214 
 
 Howell, J.^reiniah B 2l4 
 
 Howland. Benjamin 214 
 
 Hniiter, William 218 
 
 Jackson, Uichard, Jr 224 
 
 James, Charles T 22.5 
 
 Jenckes, Thomas A 22ti 
 
 Kins. Geor^'e G 241 
 
 Kni-ht, Nehemiah 245 
 
 Kniuhc, Nehemiah R 245 
 
 Malhone, Francis 270 
 
 Maiiiiing,James 271 
 
 Marchant, Henry 271 
 
 Mason, James B 275 
 
 Mi.ihewson, Elisha 27T 
 
 Mill.r, Nathan 293 
 
 Mowry, Daniel, Jr 805 
 
 Pearce, Duttce J 326 
 
 Pendleton, James M 328 
 
 Potter, Elisha It 342 
 
 Potter, Elisha R., Jr 342 
 
 Poiter, Samuel J 342 
 
 Rolihins, Asher 359 
 
 Rol)inson. Christopher 3lil 
 
 Siieffield, William P Wi 
 
 Simmons. James F 3S6 
 
 Sprague, William 399 
 
 Sprague, William 400 
 
 Stanton, Josei>h 402 
 
 Thurston, Benjamin B 42b 
 
 Tillin;;hast, Joseph L 426 
 
 Tlllinghast, Thomas 427 
 
 Varnuni, James M 411 
 
 Ward, Samuel 449 
 
 Wilbur, Isaac 463 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Aiken, William 3 
 
 Alston, Lemuel J 6 
 
 Ashinore, John D 13 
 
 Barnwell, Robert 21 
 
 Barnwell, R, W 21 
 
 Bee, Thomas 27 
 
 Bellinger Joseph 29 
 
 Benton, Samuel :jO 
 
 Beresf ord, Richard 30 
 
 Black, James A 85 
 
 Blair, James 36 
 
 Bonham, Milledge L 40 
 
 Bo^ven, Christopher Columbus 42 
 
 Boyce, William W 43 
 
 Brevard, James 4S 
 
 Brooks. Preston S 51 
 
 Bull, John 57 
 
 Burke, Edauus 58 
 
 Burt, Armistead Gl 
 
 Butler, Andrew Pickens 61 
 
 Butler. Pierce 62 
 
 Butler, Sam.-on H 62 
 
 Butler, William 62 
 
 Butler, William 62 
 
 Cain, Richard H 64 
 
 Caldwell, Patrick C 64 
 
 Calhoun, John C 65 
 
 Calhoun, John E 65 
 
 Calhoun. Ji»eph 65 
 
 Camphell, John 67 
 
 Cainpbill, Robert B 68 
 
 Campbell, Thomas F 68 
 
 Carpenter, Lewis Cass 70 
 
 Carter, John 71 
 
 Casey. Levi 72 
 
 Chappell, John J 76- 
 
 Chestnut, James, Jr 77 
 
 Cheves. Langdon 77 
 
 Clowney. W. K 87 
 
 colcock. William F 89 
 
 Corhy. Simeon 95 
 
 Davi-, Wairen R 113 
 
 De Large, Robert C 116 
 
 De-anssure, William F 118 
 
 Drayton, William 126 
 
 Drayton, William Henry 126 
 
 Earle, Ellas 131 
 
 Earle, JtdmB 131 
 
 Earle, Samuel 131 
 
 Elliott, Robert Brown 136 
 
 Elmore, Franklin Harper 137 
 
 Ervin, James 138 
 
 Evans, DavidR 139 
 
 Evans, Josiah J 139 
 
 Eveleigh, Nicholas 140 
 
 Farrow, Samuel 142 
 
 Felder, John M .- 143 
 
 Gari^ileii, Christopher 158 
 
 Gaiiliard. John 158 
 
 Gervais, John L 163 
 
 Gilloii, Alexander 165 
 
 Gist, Joseph 16H 
 
 Goss, James H 169 
 
 Gonnlin, Theodore 170 
 
 Govan, A. R 170 
 
 Gravstm. William J 172 
 
 Griffin, John K 174 
 
 Hammond, James H 183 
 
 lluinplon. Wade 184 
 
 Harper, William 187 
 
 Hayiie, Arthur P 105 
 
 Hayne. Robert Y 19") 
 
 Hoge, Solomon L , 207 
 
 Holmes, Isaac K 2ii8 
 
 Hnster, Benjamin 216 
 
 Huger Daniel 216 
 
 linger, Daniel Elliot 216 
 
 Hunter, John 218 
 
 Hutson. Richard 220 
 
 Izard, Ralph 833 
 
 Kean, John 235 
 
 Keitt, Lawrence M 235 
 
 Kershaw, John 239 
 
 Kinlock, Francis 243 
 
 Laurens, Henry 250 
 
 Legate, Hugh Swinton 256 
 
 Lfiwndes, Thomas 2ti5 
 
 Lowndes, William 265 
 
 Lynch, Thomas S66 
 
 Lynch. Thomas, Jr 266 
 
 Mackey. Edmund W. M 268 
 
 Manning, Richard, Jr 271 
 
 Marion, Robert. 272 
 
 Martin, William D 275 
 
 Matthews, John...., 277 
 
 Mayrant, William 279 
 
 McCreary, John 281 
 
 McDuffie, George 2.S3 
 
 McQueen, John 288 
 
 McReady, James 288 
 
 Middleton, Arthur 292 
 
 Middleton, Henry 292 
 
 Middleton. Henry 293 
 
 Miles, W. Porcher 292 
 
 Miller, Stephen D 94 
 
 Mitchell. Thomas R 296 
 
 Moore, Thomas 298 
 
 Motte, Isaac 304 
 
 Murphy, Charles 306 
 
 Nesbitt. Wilson 309 
 
 Nott, Abraham 813 
 
 Nnekolls, William C 314 
 
 Orr, James L 317 
 
 Overstreet. James 819 
 
 Parker, John .32:1 
 
 Patterson, John James 335 
 
 Pickens, Andrew J 833 
 
 Pickens, Francis W 334 
 
 Piiickuey, Charles 3-36 
 
 Pinckney, H. L 337 
 
 Pinckney, Thomas 337 
 
 Poinsett, Joel R 339 
 
 Preston, William C 345 
 
 Rainey, Joseph H -343 
 
 Ramsay, David 348 
 
 Ransier, Alonzo J 3.50 
 
 Read, Jacob 352 
 
 Rhett, Robert Barnwell 354 
 
 Richardson, John P 856 
 
 Richardson, John S 356 
 
 Robertson, Thomas J 360 
 
 Rctgers, James 363 
 
 Rutledge. Edward 3118 
 
 Rutledge. John 368 
 
 .Sawyer, Frederick A 371 
 
 Sinikins, Eldred 3S6 
 
 Simpson, Richard F 386 
 
 Sims, Alexander D 3^7 
 
 Singleton, Thomas D 387 
 
 Smalls, Robert 389 
 
 Smith, William 391 
 
 Smith, William ; 891 
 
 Smith, William Laughton 395 
 
 Slimier, Thomas 414 
 
 Sumter, Thomas D 414 
 
 Taylor, John 418 
 
 Thompson. Waddy 424 
 
 Trapier, Paul 430 
 
 Tucker, Starling 433 
 
 Tucker, Thomas T 4.33 
 
 Wall ice, Alexanders 446 
 
 Wallace, Daniel 44G 
 
 Whittemore, Benjamin F 461 
 
 Williams, David R 465 
 
 Wilson, John 471 
 
 Wttherspoon, Robert 474 
 
 Woodward, Joseph A 477 
 
 Woodward, William 477 
 
 Wynn, Richard 479 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Alexander, Adam R 4 
 
 Allen, Robert 5 
 
 Anderson, Alexander 7 
 
 Anderson, Joseph 8 
 
 Anderson, Josiah M 8 
 
 Ariiell, S. M H 
 
 Arnold. Thomas D 12 
 
 Ashe, John B 12 
 
 Atkins, JohnD.C 14 
 
 Avery, William T 15 
 
 Barrow, Washington 23 
 
 Bell, John 28 
 
 Bliickwell. Julius W 36 
 
 Blair, John 36 
 
 Blount. William 39 
 
 Blount, William G 39 
 
 Boone, A. R 40 
 
 Bowen, John H 42 
 
 Brabson, Reese B 44 
 
 Bridges. George W 48 
 
 Bright, John Morgan 48 
 
 Brown. Aaron V 61 
 
 Brown, Milton 53 
 
 Brownlow, William G 54 
 
 Bryan, Henry H 65 
 
 Bugsr, Robert M 67 
 
 Bunch, Samuel 58 
 
 Butler. Roderick R 62 
 
 Caldwell, Robert P 64 
 
 Caldwell, William P 65 
 
 Camhell,Brookins 66 
 
 Campbell. George W 66 
 
 Campbell, Thomas J 68 
 
 Campbell, William B 63 
 
 Cannon, Newton 68 
 
 Carter, William B Tl 
 
 Caruthers, Rot ert L 71 
 
 Chase, Lucien B 7<> 
 
 Cheatham, Richard 77 
 
 Churchwell, WilliamM 79 
 
 Claiborne, Thomas 80 
 
 Claiborne, William C. C. (see Louis- 
 iana) 80 
 
 Clements, Andrew J 85 
 
 Cocke, John 88 
 
 Cocke, William 88 
 
 Cocke, William M 89 
 
 Cooper, Edmund 95 
 
 Cooper, Henrv 95 
 
 Crockett, David 102 
 
 Crockett. John W 102 
 
 Crozier, John H 103 
 
 Cruichflold, William 103 
 
 Cullom, Alvan 103 
 
 Cullom, William H'S 
 
 Desha. Robert 118 
 
 Dibrell, George G 119 
 
 Dickinson. David W 120 
 
 Dickson, William 121 
 
 Dunlap, William C 128 
 
653 
 
 INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 Eaton. JohnH l.'jj 
 
 KiliRridire. Euktsou ] 139 
 
 Ewing. Andrew 141 
 
 Ewing. Edwin H 141 
 
 Fiizuerulri, William 148 
 
 Forester, John B . 15i 
 
 Fooiir, Ephraim H ' jsi 
 
 FoHkr, J. S 153 
 
 Garrett, Aliruham E 161 
 
 Gentrv. Meredith P 162 
 
 Golladay, Edward J iht 
 
 Grundy, Felix 178 
 
 Hall, William 181 
 
 Harris, lelram G 189 
 
 Harris, Thomas K '.'.''.'. 189 
 
 Harrison, Horace H i90 
 
 Haskell, William T.... ' 19a 
 
 Halton, Robert ....'.'. 19.3 
 
 Hawkins, Isaac R I93 
 
 Henderson, Bennett H " 197 
 
 Hill, HiighL. W 
 
 Hos 
 
 unci. 
 
 202 
 
 „ - , 207 
 
 House. John F 211 
 
 Humphreys, Perry W 217 
 
 Huntsman, Adam 219 
 
 In^e. William M 220 
 
 Isarks, Jacob C 222 
 
 Jackson, Andrew 22.3 
 
 Jarnagin, Spencer ..'. 22.5 
 
 Jolinson, Andrew 227 
 
 Johnson, Cave '....'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'. 228 
 
 Jones, Francis .'.'.'.'.*. .' .* .' .* .' .' .* 231 
 
 Jones, George W .".'.'!]!."! 231 
 
 Jones, James C '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 231 
 
 Key, David M 239 
 
 Lea, Luke .' 253 
 
 Lea, Pryor 2.53 
 
 Lefiwiih. John W 25G 
 
 Lewis, Barbour 257 
 
 Marable. John H 2"! 
 
 Man-, George W. L '. 272 
 
 Marl in, Barclay 274 
 
 Manry. Abraham P 277 
 
 Mayiuird, Horace 278 
 
 MeClellan, Abriham ." 28O 
 
 McFarland, William 283 
 
 Melvee, Jt)hn 285 
 
 Miller. Pleasant M 293 
 
 Mitchell, James C 295 
 
 Miilliiis. .lames .■;;;.■; 3^6 
 
 Nelson, Thomas A. R 309 
 
 MiholsoM. Alfredo. P '," 311 
 
 Nnnn. DavidA 3(4 
 
 Pal lerson. David T ■" 305 
 
 Bell, Peter H. 
 Bryan, Gny M. 
 
 flaik, William T '. 81 
 
 Conner, John C 92 
 
 Culverson, David B ]04 
 
 De:.'ener, Edward 116 
 
 Evans. Lemuel D 140 
 
 Flanagan, James W 148 
 
 Giddintjs. DeWittC 103 
 
 Hamilton. Andrew J 182 
 
 Hamilton, James 182 
 
 Hancock, John 184 
 
 Hemphill, John 197 
 
 Henderson. J. Pinckney 198 
 
 Herndon, William L 200 
 
 Houston, Sam 212 
 
 Howard, Volney E 213 
 
 Kaufman, David S 235 
 
 Maxey, S. B 278 
 
 McLean, William P 287 
 
 Mills, Robert Q 294 
 
 Pilsbury, Timothy .336 
 
 Reagan, John H 352 
 
 Rusk, Thomas J 367 
 
 Schleicher, Gustavo 372 
 
 Scurry, Richardson 37fi 
 
 Smyth, George W 39fi 
 
 Throckmorton, J. W 425 
 
 Ward, Matthias 449 
 
 Whitmore, George W 461 
 
 Wii;rall, Lewis T 462 
 
 Willie, Asa H ,, 462 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 Allen, Heman 4 
 
 Allen, Heman. 
 
 Pe>t" 
 
 131 
 
 Peyton, Joseph H 33I 
 
 Polk, Jamis Knox 3W 
 
 Polk. William H '.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. hit 
 
 Pciwul, Samuel "_" 343 
 
 .346 
 
 Qnarles. James M.. '.■.".■.■;.■.■.'.'; 
 
 Readv, Charles 3.52 
 
 Reynolds. James B *..'.'.*.*.".'. 354 
 
 Rhea. John 354 
 
 Rjiidie, H. T '..'.'.v.'.'. !;;;;! 357 
 
 Rivers. Thomas '"" 358 
 
 Sanford, James T [ ." 370 
 
 SavaL'e, John H 371 
 
 Senter, William T 377 
 
 Sevier. John (see North Carolina).... 378 
 
 Milelds. Ehenezer J 384 
 
 Smith, Daniel 39O 
 
 Smith. Samuel A '" ,391 
 
 Smith, W.J oq, 
 
 Sneed. William H '....\]l.[[l'.'.'.'. m 
 
 Standil'er. James " 401 
 
 Stanton, Frederick P !.'.". "" 492 
 
 Stokes, William B ""408 
 
 Stone, William 409 
 
 Taylor. Nathaniel G " "419 
 
 Thomas, D.B .....'::;." 422 
 
 as, Isaac .^^ 
 
 Thomas, James Houston .....!!.. 422 
 Thornburgh, Jacob M .'. 425 
 
 :fe" 
 
 John 
 
 Turncy, Hopkins L 4.34 
 
 Vairithan, William W ;;..■; 411 
 
 Waikins, AlnertG 
 Watt' rson, Harvey M 
 
 4.i2 
 
 Weakley, Robert... 
 
 Wharton, Jesse " ' 4.57 
 
 ■While. Hugh Lawson ' 4.59 
 
 While, James 460 
 
 Wliitcside, Jenkins 461 
 
 W'liiti home, Washington C " 462 
 
 Williams, Christoph^ 
 Willi.ms, John..... 
 Williams. Joseph L. 
 
 Wri-hi. ,T„hn T 
 
 ir. Casey 
 
 Bartlett, Thomas Jr 23 
 
 Baxter, Portns 25 
 
 Brad !ey, Stephen R 45 
 
 Bradley, William C 45 
 
 Brainerd, Lawrence 45 
 
 Buck, Daniel 55 
 
 Buck, Daniel Azro A 56 
 
 Butler, Ezra 62 
 
 Cahoon. William 64 
 
 Cate, George W ',[',] 73 
 
 Chamberlain, William 74 
 
 Chase, Dudley 7ii 
 
 Chipman. Daniel 78 
 
 Chipman, Nathaniel 78 
 
 Chittenden, Martin 78 
 
 Collamer, Jacob 90 
 
 Crafts, Samnel C 98 
 
 Deining, Benjamin F 117 
 
 Denisoh, Dudley C 117 
 
 Dillingham, Paul, Jr 121 
 
 Edmunds, George F 133 
 
 Elliott, James 135 
 
 Everett, Horace 141 
 
 Fisk, James 147 
 
 Fletcher. Isaac 148 
 
 Foot. Solomon 150 
 
 Hall.Hiland ISO 
 
 Hehard, William 196 
 
 Hendel, George Whitman 197 
 
 Henry, William 200 
 
 Hihhard, Ellory A 201 
 
 HodL'Cs, George T 206 
 
 Hubbard, Jonathan H 215 
 
 Hunt. Jonathan 218 
 
 Hunter, William 218 
 
 Janes, Henry F 225 
 
 Jewett, Luther 227 
 
 Jovce, Charles Herbert 234 
 
 Keyes, Ellas..., 240 
 
 Langdon, Chauncy 249 
 
 Lyon, Asa 267 
 
 Lyon. Matthew (see Kentucky) 267 
 
 Mallary, Rollin C 270 
 
 Marsh, Charles 272 
 
 Marsli, George P 272 
 
 Mattocks, John 277 
 
 Meaeham. James 2,S9 
 
 Meech. Ezra 280 
 
 Miner, Ahiman L 295 
 
 Morrill, Justin S 301 
 
 Morris. Lewis R 302 
 
 N'iles. Nathaniel 312 
 
 Noyes.John 3U 
 
 Olin, Gideon 310 
 
 Olin, Henrv 316 
 
 Robinson, Jonathan .361 
 
 Robinson, Moses \_[ am 
 
 Rovce, Homer E 365 
 
 Sabin, Alvah ]' 368 
 
 Session, Walter L 37g 
 
 Seymour, Horatio .'..'. 379 
 
 Shaw, Samuel 3^1 
 
 Skinner, Richard '.'.'.'.'.'. 387 
 
 Slade, William ','.'.'.'.'. .388 
 
 Smith, Israel .'!!!.'!!!.* 391 
 
 Smith, John '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 392 
 
 Smith, Worthington C 395 
 
 Strong, William '..',,', 413 
 
 Swift, Benjamin 415 
 
 Tichenor, Isaac 426 
 
 Tracy, Andrew .'.'.'.".".' 429 
 
 Upham. William 437 
 
 Wales. George E '444 
 
 Walton, E. P '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. US 
 
 White, Phineas 46O 
 
 Willard, Charles M '.'.'.'.".'. 464 
 
 Witherell, James '. 473 
 
 Woodbridge. Frederick E 475 
 
 Young, Augustus .'. 481 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Adams, Thomas 3 
 
 Alexander. Mark 4 
 
 Allen, John J '.['.]'.'.'.'.'.'.[ 5 
 
 Allen, Robert "' ' 5 
 
 Archer, William S !.'. 10 
 
 Armstrong, William n 
 
 Atkinson, Arrhiliald !' 14 
 
 Austin, Archibald 14 
 
 Averett, Thomas H 14 
 
 Ayer, Richard S '.'.'.'.'.'. 15 
 
 Baker. John '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 17 
 
 Ball. William Lee 19 
 
 Banister, John. 
 , Linn. 
 
 Barbour, Ja 
 
 Barbour, John S .'.'.'.".".*."[! 20 
 
 Barbour, Philip P. .. . .... 20 
 
 Barton. Richard W 24 
 
 Bassett, Burwell • 24 
 
 Bayley, Thomas M 25 
 
 Bayly, Thomas Henry 26 
 
 Beale, ilames M. H 2B 
 
 Beale.R. L. T 26 
 
 Bcdinger. Henry 27 
 
 Bierne, Andrew 33 
 
 Blair Jacob B. (see West Virginia).'.'.! B6 
 
 Bland. Richard 37 
 
 Bland. Theodore 37 
 
 Bocock, Thomas S... ....'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'..' ,39 
 
 Booker, George W .'..,' 40 
 
 Boteler. Alexander R... 41 
 
 Bolls.JohnM 41 
 
 Boiildin. James W 41 
 
 Bouldin, Thomas T... 41 
 
 Bowden. Lemuel J 40 
 
 Bowen, ReesT '. 42 
 
 Braxton, Carter. " 46 
 
 Braxton. Elliott M .'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'" 47 
 
 Breckenridge, James 47 
 
 Brent, Richard " 47 
 
 Brown William G. (see West Vi'r^nik) 53 
 
 Burwell, William A... 61 
 
 Cabell, Gemge C... 63 
 
 Cabell. Samuel J ', ^3 
 
 Caperton, Hugh 68 
 
 Carlile.John 8 ig 
 
 Carrington, Edward.... 70 
 
 Caiy, George B 71 
 
 Caskie, John S 72 
 
 Chapman. Augustus A ..'. 75 
 
 Paine, Elijah 
 Paimer, William A 
 
 465 j Peck. Lucius B 
 
 466 Phelps, Samuel S.. 
 
 467 Poland, LnkeP 339 1 Draper. Josep'h 
 
 ■"" " ' Simuel 844 I DroiimL'oole. George C 
 
 QXH ! T1..1... TJi^l. 1 rr, V«t 
 
 Chilion, Samuel ,0 
 
 Chinn, Jostmh W 78 
 
 Claiborne, John go 
 
 Claiborne, Nathaniel H.... 80 
 
 Claiborne, Thomas. " 80 
 
 Clark, Christopher .' 80 
 
 Clay. Mathew 84 
 
 Clemens, Sherrard '.] 55 
 
 Clopton.John gfi 
 
 Coke, Richard 89 
 
 Coles, Isaac 90 
 
 Coles, Walter ..'. 90 
 
 Colston. Edward ......' 91 
 
 Craig, Robert 99 
 
 Criteher, John ]o-> 
 
 Crump, George W '..'. 103 
 
 Daveniiort, Thomas '..'.'. no 
 
 Dawson. John 113 
 
 oii I DeJarnette. Daniel C '. 116 
 
 327 Doddiige. Philip ]j° 
 
 332 Douglas, Beverly B '. 125 
 
 126 
 
 Kirh, Char 
 
 Zollicotter, Felix K.".'.'.'.'.'.;!. ■.■";.';.' 4S2 [ Richards, Mark 
 
 356 j Duke, Richard T. W. 
 356 ! Edmondsoii, Henry A. 
 
INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 G53 
 
 Eisleston, Joseph 134 
 
 Eppes, John W 1:J8 
 
 Estil, Benjamin I:i9 
 
 Evans VhiiMius 140 
 
 Faulkner, Charles J 143 
 
 Kitzluigh, William 14i 
 
 Flemmini;, William 148 
 
 Flournoy. Thomas S 149 
 
 Floyil, Jnhn 119 
 
 Fnlton, Andrew S It's 
 
 Fnltiin. John H 158 
 
 Garland, David S IW 
 
 Garland, Jamee WO 
 
 Garnett, James M 161 
 
 Ganu'tt, Muscoe R. H IHl 
 
 Garnett., Robert S IBl 
 
 Glicilson, James H Ili3 
 
 Gliolson, Thumas IKi 
 
 Gibson, James King IBS 
 
 Giles, William Branch 1H4 
 
 Gilmer, Thomas W 115 
 
 Gog;.'in, William L 16« 
 
 Goode, John, Jr 187 
 
 Goode, Samnel 11)7 
 
 Goode, William 187 
 
 GooLlwin, Percrson 188 
 
 Gordon, William F IB'l 
 
 Gray, Edward 171 
 
 Gray. JohiiC 171 
 
 Grayson, William 171 
 
 Griffin, Cyrus 174 
 
 Griffin, Samuel 174 
 
 Griffin. Thomas 174 
 
 Hancock, Geoi-i;e 184 
 
 Uardy, Samuel 18fi 
 
 Harris, John T 189 
 
 Harris, William A 189 
 
 Harrison, Benjamin 190 
 
 Harrison, Oarier B 190 
 
 Harvie, John 191 
 
 Hawes, Ayletl 193 
 
 Hayes. Samuel 19a 
 
 Hiymond, Thomas S 195 
 
 Healh, John 198 
 
 Henry, Jamns 199 
 
 Henry, Patrick J«9 
 
 Hill, John 203 
 
 Ilolladay, Alexander R 207 
 
 Ilollcman, Joel au7 
 
 Holmes, David (see Mississippi)... . 208 
 
 Hopkins, George W 209 
 
 lluliird, Edninnd W 214 
 
 lliii-erford. John P 217 
 
 Hnntir, RoliertM. T 218 
 
 Ilu II Ion, Eppa 219 
 
 Jackson, EdwardB 223 
 
 Jackson, John G 224 
 
 Jefferson. Thomas 225 
 
 Jenkins. Albert G 228 
 
 Johnson, James 228 
 
 Johnson, .Joseph 229 
 
 Johnston, Charles C 231) 
 
 Johnston, John W 230 
 
 Jones, James 231 
 
 Jones. John W 232 
 
 Jones. J oseph 232 
 
 Jones, Walter 333 
 
 Kid well, Zcdekiah 240 
 
 King. Andrew 241 
 
 Leake. Slielton F 2.53 
 
 Lee, Arthur 254 
 
 Lee. Francis Lightfoot 254 
 
 Lee, Henry 251 
 
 Lee, Richard Bland 255 
 
 Lee. Richard Henry 255 
 
 Leffler, Isaac 258 
 
 Leltwich, Jabez 258 
 
 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins 258 
 
 Letch.r, John 257 
 
 Letcher, Robert P 257 
 
 Lewis, John F 258 
 
 Lewis, Joseph, Jr 258 
 
 Lewis, William J 2.59 
 
 Lewis, Thomas 2.59 
 
 Love. John 284 
 
 Loyall, George 265 
 
 Lncas, Edward 285 
 
 Lucas, William 268 
 
 Macliir, James 268 
 
 Madison, James 289 
 
 Malloiy. Francis 270 
 
 Mariow.John 272 
 
 Marshall, John 2T3 
 
 Martin, Elbert S 274 
 
 Mason, Arraistead Thomson 275 
 
 Mason, George 275 
 
 Mason, James M 276 
 
 Mason, John Y 276 
 
 Mason. Stevens Thomson 278 
 
 Maxwell, Lewis 278 
 
 McOarly, William M 280 
 
 McComas, William 281 
 
 McCoy. William 281 
 
 McDowell, James 283 
 
 McKenzie, Lewis 286 
 
 McKlnley, William 286 
 
 MeMullen, Fayette 287 
 
 Meade, Richard K 289 
 
 Mercer, Cliarles Fenton 290 
 
 Mercer. James 290 
 
 Merrill, Orsamus C 291 
 
 Million, John S 294 
 
 Millies, William, Jr .. 295 
 
 Monroe, James 297 
 
 Moore, Andrew 298 
 
 Moore, S. McD 298 
 
 Moore, Thomas S 299 
 
 Morgan, Daniel 299 
 
 Morgan, William S 8110 
 
 Morton, Jeremiah 303 
 
 Nelson, Hugh 308 
 
 Nelson, Thomas, Jr 308 
 
 Nelson , Thomas M 309 
 
 Neville, Joseph 309 
 
 Newman, Alexander 310 
 
 Newion. Thomas 810 
 
 Newton, Willoughby 310 
 
 Nicholas, John 311 
 
 Nicholas. Wilson C 311 
 
 Page, John 320 
 
 Page, Mann 320 
 
 Page. Robert 320 
 
 Parker. Ji.siah 323 
 
 Parker, Richard 323 
 
 Parker, Richard E 833 
 
 Parker, Severn E 823 
 
 Paiton,JohnM 828 
 
 Pegram, John 328 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund 328 
 
 Pendleton, John S 328 
 
 Pennyhacker, Isaac S 329 
 
 Pindall, James 2.37 
 
 Ploit, James H., Jr 338 
 
 Pleasants, James 338 
 
 Porter, Charles H 341 
 
 Powell, Alfred H 343 
 
 Powell, Cuthbert 34.i 
 
 Powell. Levin 343 
 
 Powell, Panlus 313 
 
 Preston. Francis 344 
 
 Preston, William B 345 
 
 Prvor, Roger A 346 
 
 Randolph, Edmund 349 
 
 Randoliih, John, of Roanoke 349 
 
 Randolph, Peytcm 35t) 
 
 Randolph, Thomas M 3.50 
 
 Ridgeway, Robert 357 
 
 Rives. Francis E 369 
 
 Rives, William C 359 
 
 Roane, .Tohn 359 
 
 Roane, John J 3.59 
 
 Roane, John T 359 
 
 Roane, William H 359 
 
 Robertson. John 380 
 
 Rutherford, Robert 368 
 
 Samuel, Breen B 389 
 
 Seddon, James A 378 
 
 Segar. Joseph E 377 
 
 Sener. James B 377 
 
 ShefTey, Daniel Ssl 
 
 Smith, Arthur 390 
 
 Smith, Ballard 390 
 
 Smith, John 392 
 
 Smith, John Ambler 392 
 
 Smith, Merriwether .' 393 
 
 Smith, William 394 
 
 Smith, William 395 
 
 Smyth, Alexander 398 
 
 Snodgrass, John Fryall 396 
 
 Steemod, Lewis 403 
 
 Stephenson, James 404 
 
 Stevenson, Andrew 403 
 
 Stiatton, John 410 
 
 Stroiher, Genrge F 412 
 
 Strother, James F 412 
 
 Stnart, Alexander H. H 412 
 
 Stuart, Archibald 412 
 
 Summers. George W 413 
 
 Sweariiigen, Thomas V 414 
 
 Swope, Jacob 415 
 
 Ta'iaferro, John 416 
 
 Tate, Magnus 417 
 
 Taylor,John 418 
 
 Taylor, Robert 419 
 
 Taylor, William 419 
 
 Taylor, William 419 
 
 Tazewell. Henry 419 
 
 Terry, William 4'U 
 
 Tliomas, Christopher Y 422 
 
 Thompson, George W 423 
 
 Thompson, Philip R 424 
 
 Thompson. Robert A 424 
 
 Tredway, William M 430 
 
 Trezvaut, James 480 
 
 Trigg. Abram 4-30 
 
 Trigg, John 430 
 
 Tucker, George 433 
 
 Tucker, Henry St. George 433 
 
 Tucker. J. R 433 
 
 Tyler.John 435 
 
 Van Winkle, Peter G 441 
 
 Venable, Abraham B 441 
 
 Walker, Gilbert C 445 
 
 Walker, Francis 445 
 
 Walker. John 445 
 
 Walls. Josiah T 447 
 
 Washington, George 451 
 
 White, Alexander 4.59 
 
 White, Francis 459 
 
 Wbiiehead. Thomas 480 
 
 Willey, Waitman T 485 
 
 Williams, Jared 486 
 
 Wilson, Alexander 489 
 
 Wilson, Edgar C 489 
 
 Wilson, Thomas 471 
 
 Wise, Henry A 473 
 
 Withers, Robert E 473 
 
 Wythe, George 479 
 
 West Virginia. 
 
 Blair, Jacob B. (see Virginia) 3B 
 
 Brown, William G. (see Virginia) 63 
 
 Caperton, Allen T 68 
 
 Davin, John J 119 
 
 Duval, J. H 130 
 
 Hereford, Frank 200 
 
 Hubbard, Chester D 214 
 
 Kitchen, B. M 244 
 
 Latham. George R 250 
 
 McGrcw, James C 283 
 
 Polsley, Daniel 339 
 
 Van Winkle, P. G. (see Virginia) 441 
 
 Whaley, Kellian V 4.57 
 
 Willey, Waitman T. (see Virginia).... 485 
 
 Wilson, Benjamin 469 
 
 Witcher, John S 473 
 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Barber, J. Allen 20 
 
 Billinghurst, Charles 33 
 
 Brown, James S 52 
 
 Burchard, Samuel D 58 
 
 Cameron, Angus 66 
 
 Carpenter, Mathew A 70 
 
 Caswell. L.B 72 
 
 Cobb, Amasa 87 
 
 Cole, Orsamus 90 
 
 Darling. Mason C 109 
 
 Dodge. Henry 123 
 
 Doolittle, J. R 124 
 
 Doty, James D 124 
 
 Durkee, Charles (see Utah) 129 
 
 Eastman. Benjamin C 131 
 
 Eldridge, Charles A 135 
 
 Hanchett, Luther 184 
 
 Hazelton, Gerry W 196 
 
 Hopkins. Benjamin F 209 
 
 Howe. Timothy O 214 
 
 Kimball, Alanson M 241 
 
 Larrabec, Charles H 2.50 
 
 Lynde. William P 286 
 
 Macy, John B 269 
 
 Miiffoon, Henry S 269 
 
 .McDill, Alexanders 282 
 
 Martin, Morgan L 275 
 
 Mclndoe, Walter D 2S1 
 
 Paine, Herbert E 321 
 
 Pottor.John F 342 
 
 Rusk, Jeremiah M 387 
 
 Sawyer, Philetns 371 
 
 Sloan, A. Scott 388 
 
 Sloan, Ithamar C 3S8 
 
 Tweedy, John H 435 
 
 Walker, Isaac P 445 
 
 Washburn, Cadwalader C 450 
 
 Wells, Daniel, Jr 4.55 
 
 Wheeler, Ezra 458 
 
 Williams, Charles G 485 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Chipman, Norton P 78 
 
 Territory of Arizona. 
 
 Bashford, Coles 24 
 
 Goodwin, .JohnN. (see Maine) 188 
 
 McCorraick. Richard C 281 
 
 Poston, Charles D 312 
 
 Stevens, Hiram S 405 
 
 Territory of Color do. 
 
 Bennett, Hiram P 29 
 
C5i 
 
 INDEX BY STATES. 
 
 Bradford, Allen A 44 
 
 Chiiffw, Jerome B V4 
 
 Chi Icott. George M 77 
 
 Pttiterson, Thomae M 326 
 
 Territory of Daootab. 
 
 ArmstronE, Moses K 10 
 
 Blirk-iL'h. Waller A 69 
 
 Jnyne; William 225 
 
 Kidder, Ji-ffereon P 240 
 
 Spii.k,S.L 3i'9 
 
 Todd, John B. S 4i7 
 
 Territory of Idaho. 
 
 Bennett, Thomas W 80 
 
 Hailey, John 178 
 
 Holllrook, E. D 207 
 
 Wallace, William H. (6ee Washingtou 
 Territory) 447 
 
 Territory of Uontana. 
 
 Cavftn,Tngh. James M 
 
 Maeinnia, Martin 
 
 McLean, Samuel 
 
 Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Chavez, J. Francieco 
 
 Clever, Charles P 
 
 Elkins, Stephen B 
 
 (iiillegos. Jos^ Mannel 
 
 Otero, Miguel A 
 
 Pena, Francisco 
 
 Watts. John S 
 
 Weighiman, Richard Hanson 
 
 Territory of Utah. 
 
 Bemhisel, John M 
 
 Cannon, George Q 
 
 Duriiee, Charles (see WiBConsin) 
 
 Hooper, W. H 509 
 
 Kinuey, John Fitch 243 
 
 Territory of Washing-ton. 
 
 Anderson, J. P 8 
 
 Cole, Georpe E 90 
 
 Denny, Arthur A 1)8 
 
 Flanders, Alvin 148 
 
 I Garflelde, SeleiiciuB 160 
 
 Jacobs. Orange 225 
 
 Lancaster, Columbia 247 
 
 McFadden, Obadiah D 283 
 
 Shafer, Jacob K 3S0 
 
 Mevena, Isaac 1 405 
 
 Wallace, William H 447 
 
 Territory of Wyoming'. 
 
 Jones. William T 233 
 
 Nuckolls, Stephen F 314 
 
 Steele, William R 403 
 
GENEEAL lE'DEX. 
 
 ilibot, Joel 1 
 
 Al)l)..it, Amos 1 
 
 Aliliott, Nehemiah 1 
 
 Abbcitt, John C 1 
 
 Al)iTcrombie, James 1 
 
 AckL-r, Ephraim L 1 
 
 Ackcniian, Amos T 1 
 
 AOair, John 1 
 
 Ariunis, Andrew 1 
 
 Adiinis, Benjamin 1 
 
 Adams, Charles F 1 
 
 Adams, C. H 8 
 
 Adams, George 2 
 
 Adams, George M 2 
 
 Adams, Green 2 
 
 Adams, James Hopkins 2 
 
 Adams, Johi 2 
 
 Adams, John 2 
 
 Adams, John Quiucy 2 
 
 Adams, Parmenio 2 
 
 Adams, Robert H 3 
 
 Adams, Samuel i) 
 
 Adams, Samuel 3 
 
 Adams, Stephen 3 
 
 Adams, Thomas 3 
 
 Addams, William 3 
 
 Ad^nite, Asa 3 
 
 Adiau;, Garuett B 3 
 
 Ahl,John A 3 
 
 Aiken, William 3 
 
 Ainsworth, Lucian Lester 3 
 
 Akers, Thomas Peter 3 
 
 Albert, William J 3 
 
 Albertson, Nathaniel 3 
 
 Albright, Charles 3 
 
 Alliriiiht. Charles J 3 
 
 Alcorn, James Lusk 4 
 
 Aldiich, Cyrus 4 
 
 Alexander, Adam R 4 
 
 Alexander, Evan 4 
 
 Alexander, Henry P 4 
 
 Alexander, James, Jr 4 
 
 Alexinder, John 4 
 
 AlfXandei-, Mark 4 
 
 Alexander, Nathaniel 4 
 
 Alexander, Robert 4 
 
 Alford, Julius C 4 
 
 Allen, Andrew 4 
 
 Allen, Charles 4 
 
 Allen, Chilton 4 
 
 Allen, Elisha H 4 
 
 Allen, Heman 4 
 
 Allen, Heman 5 
 
 Allen, James C 5 
 
 Allen, J.ihn 5 
 
 Allen, John J 5 
 
 Allen, John W 5 
 
 Alli-n, Joseph 5 
 
 Allen, Jndson 5 
 
 Allen, Nalhaniel 6 
 
 Allen, Philip 5 
 
 Allen, Rieliard C 5 
 
 Allen, R<il)ert B 
 
 Allen, Rnlnrt 5 
 
 Alien, Samuel C 5 
 
 Allen, Th.inias 5 
 
 Allen. William 5 
 
 Allen, William 5 
 
 Allen, William J 6 
 
 Allen, Willis 6 
 
 Alley, John B 6 
 
 Allis'on, Robert 6 
 
 Allison, William B 6 
 
 Allison, Jam^s 6 
 
 Allison, John 6 
 
 Allsfon. Joseph 6 
 
 Allst Robert F. W 6 
 
 Allyn. Joseph P 6 
 
 Als..p.J"hn 6 
 
 Alst.in, Le.nnelJ 6 
 
 Alston, William J 6 
 
 Alston, Willis fi 
 
 Alvord, James C ... 6 
 
 Ambler, Jacob A 7 
 
 Ames, Adeibert 7 
 
 Ames. Fisher 7 
 
 Am.'s, Oakes 7 
 
 Ames, Samuel 7 
 
 Anc<ma, Sydenham E 7 
 
 Anderson, Alexander 7 
 
 Anderson, Charles 7 
 
 Anderson, Charles E 7 
 
 Anderson, George W 1 
 
 Anderson, Hugh J 7 
 
 Anderson, Isaac 7 
 
 Anderson, John 7 
 
 Anderson. Joseph 8 
 
 Anderson, Joseph H 8 
 
 Anderson, Josiah M 8 
 
 Andcram, J. P 8 
 
 Anderson, Lucien 8 
 
 Anderson, Richard Clough, Jr 8 
 
 Anderson, Samuel 8 
 
 Anderson, Simeon H 8 
 
 Anderson, Thos. L 8 
 
 Anderson, William 8 
 
 Andcrs;m, William B 8 
 
 Anderson, William C 8 
 
 Anderson, William E 8 
 
 Andrew, John A 8 
 
 Andrews, C. C 9 
 
 Andrews, Cliarles 9 
 
 Andrews, George R 9 
 
 Andrews, John T 9 
 
 Andrews, Landatf W 9 
 
 Andrews, Samuel G 9 
 
 Andrews, Sherlock J 9 
 
 .inael, Benjamin F 9 
 
 Angel, William G 9 
 
 Anlhcniy, Henry B 9 
 
 Anthony, Joseph B 9 
 
 Applelon. John 9 
 
 Appleton, John 9 
 
 Apple ton, John James 9 
 
 Appleton. Nathan 10 
 
 Appleton, William 10 
 
 Archer, John 10 
 
 Archer, Stevenson 10 
 
 Archer, Stevenson 10 
 
 Archer, William S 10 
 
 Armor Charles Lee 10 
 
 Armstrong, James 10 
 
 Armstrong, John 10 
 
 Armstrong. Moses K 10 
 
 Armstrong, Robert 11 
 
 Armstrong, S. T 11 
 
 ArniBirong, William 11 
 
 Armstrong. William H 11 
 
 Arnell, Samuel M 11 
 
 Arnold, Benedict 11 
 
 Arnold, Isaac N 11 
 
 Arnold, Jonathan 11 
 
 Arnold, Lemuel H 11 
 
 Arnold. Peb-g 11 
 
 Arnold, Samuel 11 
 
 Arnold, Samuel G 12 
 
 Arnold. Thomas D 12 
 
 Arrington, Alfred W 12 
 
 Arrington. H. Anhibald 12 
 
 Arihnr, William E 12 
 
 Asbofh, Alexander Sandor 12 
 
 Ash, Michael W 12 
 
 Ashe. John Baptiste 12 
 
 Ashe, John B 12 
 
 Ashe, Samuel 12 
 
 Ashe, Thomas S 12 
 
 Ashe, Williams 12 
 
 Ashley, Chester 13 
 
 Ashley, Delos R 13 
 
 Ashley, Henry 13 
 
 Ashley, James M 13 
 
 Ashley. William H 13 
 
 Ashmore, John D 13 
 
 Ashmun, Eli Porter 13 
 
 Ashraun. George 13 
 
 Ashion, J. Hnbiey 13 
 
 Asper, JoeiF 13 
 
 Atchison, David R 13 
 
 Atherlon. Charles G 13 
 
 Atherton, Charles H 14 
 
 Alkins. John D. C 14 
 
 Alkiiis.m, Archibald 14 
 
 Aikin-on. Henry M 14 
 
 Atkinson, Robert J 14 
 
 Atkinson, Theodore 14 
 
 At Lee, Samuel John 14 
 
 AnlicU. JmIiu II 14 
 
 Auslin, Archibald 14 
 
 .Austin, Horace 14 
 
 i Averelt, Tliomas H 14 
 
 Averill, John T 14 
 
 Avery, Benjamin P 14 
 
 Avery, Daniel 15 
 
 Avery, William T 15 
 
 Axtell, Samuel B 15 
 
 Aycrigg, John B 15 
 
 Ayer, Richard S IS 
 
 Babbitt. Elijah 15 
 
 Babcock, Alfred 15 
 
 Bahcock, Leaiider 15 
 
 Babcock, William 15 
 
 Baber, Ambrose 15 
 
 Bache, Alexander Dadas 15 
 
 Backus, Henry T 15 
 
 Bacon, Ezekiel 15 
 
 Bacon, John 15 
 
 BadL'er, George E 15 
 
 Badger, Lnther 16 
 
 Badger, William 16 
 
 Baer, George 16 
 
 Bagby, Arthur P 16 
 
 BaL'ley. George A 16 
 
 Bagley, J..hn C 16 
 
 Basriey. John J 16 
 
 Bailey, Alexander H 16 
 
 Bailey, David J 16 
 
 Bailey, Goldsmith F 16 
 
 Bailey, Jeremiah 16 
 
 Bailey, John 16 
 
 Bailev. John L 16 
 
 Bailey, Theodorns 16 
 
 Bai ley, Joseph 16 
 
 Baird, Spencer FuUerton 17 
 
 Baker, Calel) 17 
 
 Baker, Conrad 17 
 
 Baker, David Jewett 17 
 
 Baker, Edward D 17 
 
 Baker, Ezra 17 
 
 Baker, Grafton 17 
 
 Baker, I. Wayles 17 
 
 Baker, James H 17 
 
 Baker, Jehu 17 
 
 Baker, John 17 
 
 Baker, John H 17 
 
 Baker, Osmyn 17 
 
 Baker, Stephen 17 
 
 Baker, William H 18 
 
 Balch, Alfred 18 
 
 Baldwin, Abraham 18 
 
 Baldwin, Alexander W 18 
 
 Baldwin, Aui.'U8tus C 18 
 
 Baldwin, Caleb 18 
 
 Baldwin, Henry 18 
 
 Baldwin, Henry P 18 
 
 Baldwin, J. G 18 
 
 Baldwin, John 18 
 
 Baldwin, John D 18 
 
 Baldwin, Roger Sherman 18 
 
 Baldwin. Simeon 19 
 
 Balestier, Joseph 19 
 
 Ball, Edward 19 
 
 Ball, William Lee 19 
 
 Ballon, Latimer W 19 
 
 Bancrolt, George 19 
 
 Banister, John 19 
 
 Banks, John 19 
 
 Banks, Linn 19 
 
 Banks. Nathaniel P 19 
 
 Banning, Henry B 80 
 
 Barber, J. Allen 20 
 
 Harber, Levi 20 
 
 Barber, Noyes 20 
 
 Barbour, James 20 
 
 Barbour, John S 20 
 
 Barbour, Lneien 20 
 
 Barbour. Philip P 20 
 
 Barclav, David 20 
 
 Bard, David 20 
 
 Barker, Alirabam A 20 
 
 Barker, David 20 
 
 Barker, Joseph 20 
 
 Barksdale. William 80 
 
 Barlow, Joel 20 
 
 Barlow, Stephen 21 
 
 Barnard, Daniel Dewey 81 
 
 Barnsrd, Henry 21 
 
 Barnard, Isaac D 21 
 
 Barnes. Alaiison H 21 
 
 Barnes, David Leonard 21 
 
 Barnes, Demas 21 
 
656 
 
 GENEEAL INDEX. 
 
 Barnett, William 21 
 
 Barney, John 21 
 
 Bariiitz, Charles A 21 
 
 Barnum, William H 21 
 
 Barnwell, Riibert 21 
 
 Barnwill, Robert Woodward ; 21 
 
 Bai r, Thomas J 22 
 
 Barrere, Granville 22 
 
 Barrere, Nelson 22 
 
 Barrett, J. Richard 22 
 
 Barrett, Joi^eph H 22 
 
 Barrinifer, Daniel L 22 
 
 Barririger, Daniel Moreau 22 
 
 Barron, H. D... 22 
 
 Barrow, Alexander 22 
 
 Barrow, Washington 22 
 
 Barry, Henry W 22 
 
 Barry, John S 22 
 
 Barry, WilliamT 22 
 
 Barry, William T. S 22 
 
 Barstow, Gamaliel H 2.3 
 
 Barstow, Gideon 23 
 
 Barstow, William A 23 
 
 Bartlett, Asa 23 
 
 Bartlett. Bailey 23 
 
 Barilelt, Ichabod 23 
 
 Bartlett, John Russell 23 
 
 Bartlett, Joseph J 23 
 
 Bartleit, Josiah 23 
 
 Biirtletl, Josiah 23 
 
 Bartlett, Thomas, Jr iH 
 
 Bartlett. William H 23 
 
 Banley, Mordecai 23 
 
 Bartley, Thomas W 23 
 
 Barton, David 24 
 
 Barton, Richard W 24 
 
 Barton, Samuel 24 
 
 Barton, Set h 24 
 
 Bashford, Coles 24 
 
 Bass, Lyman K 24 
 
 Bassett, Burwell 24 
 
 Bassett, ED 24 
 
 Bassett. Richard 24 
 
 B.Hieman. Ephraim 24 
 
 Bates, Edward 24 
 
 Bates, Frederick 24 
 
 Bales, IsaacC 24 
 
 Bates, James 24 
 
 Bates, James W 25 
 
 Bates, J. Woodson 25 
 
 Bines, Martin W 25 
 
 Battle, William H 25 
 
 Banvais. A 25 
 
 Baxter, Elisha 25 
 
 Buxier, Henry 25 
 
 BHxter. Portus 25 
 
 B.ay, William v. N 23 
 
 B:iyard. James A 25 
 
 Bayiivd, James A 25 
 
 Bayard. John 25 
 
 Baya rd . Richai d H 25 
 
 Bayard, Thomas F 25 
 
 Bayard, William 25 
 
 Baylev, Thomas 25 
 
 Bayley, Thomas M 25 
 
 Baylies, Francis 25 
 
 Baylies, William 26 
 
 Baylies, William 26 
 
 Baylor. R. E. B 26 
 
 Bayly, Thomas Henry 26 
 
 Beale, Charles L 26 
 
 Beale, .lames M, H 26 
 
 Beale, R. L. T 26 
 
 Beall, Rezin 26 
 
 Beaman, Fernando C 26 
 
 Bean, BenningM 26 
 
 Beardslev, Samuel 26 
 
 Beally. John 26 
 
 Beatty, J"hn 26 
 
 Beatty, Martin 21 
 
 BeattV, William 27 
 
 Beaumont. Andrew 27 
 
 Behh, William 27 
 
 Beck, Erasmus W 27 
 
 Beck, James B 27 
 
 Beckley, .lohn 27 
 
 Bedford, Gunning 27 
 
 Bedford. Gnnning. Jr. 27 
 
 Bediiiger, George M 27 
 
 Bedinger, Henry 27 
 
 Bedle. .Joseph Dorset 27 
 
 Bee, Thomas 27 
 
 Beehe, George M 27 
 
 Beecher. Philemon 27 
 
 Beekman, Thomas 27 
 
 Beers. Cyrus 28 
 
 Bee-on, Henry W 28 
 
 Begole. Josiah W 28 
 
 Belcher, Hiram 28 
 
 Belcher. Nathan 28 
 
 BeUUn. George O 28 
 
 Bclford, James B , 28 
 
 Belknap, William W 
 
 Bell, Hiram 
 
 Bell, Hiram P 
 
 Bell, James 
 
 Bell, James M 
 
 Bell, John 
 
 Bell, John... 
 
 Bell. John 
 
 Bell, JoshnaF 
 
 Bell, Peter H 
 
 Bell, Samuel 
 
 Bell, Samuel N 
 
 Bellinger, Joseph 
 
 Bellows, Henry A 
 
 Belmont, August 
 
 Belser. James E 
 
 Benedict, Charles L 
 
 Benedict. Kirby 
 
 Benjamin. John F 
 
 Benjamin. Judah P 
 
 Bennett, Benjamin 
 
 Bennett, Thomas 
 
 Bennett, Caleb P 
 
 Bennett, David S 
 
 Bennett, Henry 
 
 Bennett, Hiram P 
 
 Bennett, H. S 
 
 Bennett. Milo Lynian 
 
 Bennett, Thomas W 
 
 Benson, Egbert 
 
 Benson, Samuel P 
 
 Bent, Silas 
 
 Benton, Charles S 
 
 Benton, Jacob 
 
 Benlon, Samuel 
 
 Benton. Thomas Hart 
 
 Beresford, Richard 
 
 Bergen, John T 
 
 Bergen. Tennis G 
 
 Bernhisel. John M 
 
 Berrian, Hobart 
 
 Berrien. John McPhcrson. . 
 
 Berry, John 
 
 Berry, Nathaniel S 
 
 Bethune, Laughlin 
 
 Betton, Silas 
 
 Belts, Samuel R 
 
 Belts. Thaddens 
 
 Beveridgc, John L 
 
 Bibb, George M 
 
 Bilib, Thomas 
 
 Bibb. William W 
 
 Bibighans. Thomas M 
 
 Bicknell. Bennet 
 
 Biddle, Charles John 
 
 Biddle, Edward 
 
 Biddle, James 
 
 Biddle, John 
 
 Biddle, Nicholas 
 
 Biddle, Richard 
 
 Biddle, Thomas 
 
 Bidlach, Benjamin A 
 
 Bid well. Barnabas 
 
 Bidwell, John 
 
 Bierne, Andrew 
 
 Biery, James S 
 
 Bigby, John Snmmerfield. 
 
 Bigeiow, Abijah 
 
 Bigelow, John 
 
 Bigeiow. Lewis 
 
 Bigger, Finley 
 
 Biirger, Samuel 
 
 Biggs, Asa 
 
 Biggs, Benjamin T 
 
 Bigler, William 
 
 Billingliurst, Charles 
 
 Bines, Thomas 
 
 Bingham, John A 
 
 Bingham, Kinsley S 
 
 Bingham, William 
 
 Binney, Horace 
 
 Binney. James 
 
 Binckley, John M 
 
 Bird, John 
 
 Bird, John T 
 
 Birdsall, Ausburn 
 
 Birdsall, James 
 
 Birdsall, Samuel 
 
 Birdseye, Victory 
 
 Bishop, James 
 
 Bishop. Phanuel 
 
 Bishop, William D 
 
 Bissell. Clark 
 
 Bissell, William H 
 
 Black, Edward J 
 
 Black, Henry 
 
 Black, James 
 
 Black, James A 
 
 Black, .Jeremiah S 
 
 Black, John 
 
 Black. John 
 
 Black, Samuel W 
 
 Blackbnm, J. C. S 36 
 
 Bhickbnrn, Wm. Jasper 85 
 
 Blackford, Isaac N 35 
 
 Blackford. William M 35 
 
 Blackledge, William J5 
 
 Blackledge, William S 85 
 
 Blackniar, Esbon 35 
 
 Blackwell, Julius W 36 
 
 Blackwood, William G 36 
 
 Blaine, James Gillespie 36 
 
 Blair, Austin 36 
 
 Blair, Barnard 36 
 
 Blair, Francis Preston 36 
 
 Blair, Francis P., Jr 36 
 
 Blair, Jacob B 36 
 
 Blair, James 36 
 
 Blair, John 36 
 
 1 Blair, John .36 
 
 Blair, Montgomery 3fi 
 
 Blair, Samuel S 36 
 
 Blaisdell, Daniel 36 
 
 Blaisdcll, H. 6 37 
 
 Blake, Harrison G 37 
 
 Blake, HenryN SI 
 
 Blake, John, Jr 37 
 
 Blake, John B 37 
 
 Blake,Joseph 37 
 
 Blake. Thomas H 37 
 
 Blanchard, Jonathan 37 
 
 Blanchard, John 37 
 
 Bland, Ballard... 37 
 
 Bland, Richard 37 
 
 Bland, Richard Parks 37 
 
 Bland, Theodoric 37 
 
 Bland, Theodoric 37 
 
 Bl.itchford, Richard M 37 
 
 Blatchlord, Samuel 38 
 
 Bledsoe. Jesse 38 
 
 Bleecker, Hermanns 38 
 
 Bliss, ArchibaldM 38 
 
 Bliss, George 38 
 
 Bliss, Philemon 38 
 
 Blodgett, Henrv W 38 
 
 Bloodwonh, Timothy 38 
 
 Bloom. Isaac 38 
 
 Bloomtteld, Joseph 88 
 
 Blount, James H 39 
 
 Blount, Thomas 39 
 
 Blount, William 39 
 
 Blount, William G 39 
 
 Blount, Willie 39 
 
 Blow, Henry T 39 
 
 Boardman, David S 39 
 
 Boardman, Elijah 39 
 
 Boardman. William W 39 
 
 Bockee, Abraham 39 
 
 Bocock, Thomas S 39 
 
 Boden. And.'ew 89 
 
 Bodle, Charles 39 
 
 Boerum. Simon 39 
 
 Boggs, L. W 39 
 
 Bogy, Lewis V 89 
 
 B(pkee, David A 39 
 
 Bnker, George Henry 39 
 
 Bole.s. Thomas 39 
 
 Bimd, Hugh L 40 
 
 Bond, Shadrack 40 
 
 Bond, William Key 40 
 
 Honham, Milledge L 40 
 
 Boody. Azariah 40 
 
 Booker, George W 40 
 
 Boon. Batliff 40 
 
 Boone, A. R 40 
 
 Boone, William F 40 
 
 Booth. James 40 
 
 Bool h, Newton 40 
 
 Booth, Walter 40 
 
 Borden, James W 40 
 
 Borden, Joseph 40 
 
 Borden, Nathaniel B 40 
 
 Boremau, Jacob E 40 
 
 Borie, Adolph E 41 
 
 Borland, Charles, Jr 41 
 
 Borland. Solon 41 
 
 Borst. Peter 1 41 
 
 Boss, John L.. Jr 41 
 
 Bossier, Peter E 41 
 
 Biileler. Alexander R 41 
 
 Bolts, JohnM 41 
 
 Bouck, .Joseph 41 
 
 Bnuck, William C 41 
 
 Boude, Thomas 41 
 
 Bondinot. Ellas 41 
 
 Bouldin. James W 41 
 
 Bouldiu, Thomas T 41 
 
 Bonligney, Dominique 42 
 
 Bouligney, John Edmund 42 
 
 I Boulware, William 42 
 
 I Bourne, Benjamin 42 
 
 Bourne, Shearja-ub 42 
 
 Boutwell. George S 42 
 
 I Bovee, Mattliias J 43 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 657 
 
 Bowden, Leranel J 42 
 
 Bowdoiti, James 42 
 
 Bowdoii, Franklin W 4-2 
 
 Boweii, Chiisiopher Columbus 42 
 
 BoH-en, John H 42 
 
 Bowen, Rees T 42 
 
 Bower, Giistavus B 43 
 
 Bowers.John M 43 
 
 Bowie, Odeu 43 
 
 Bowie, Richard 1 43 
 
 Bowie, Robert 43 
 
 Bowie, Thomas F 43 
 
 Bowie, Walter 43 
 
 Bowler, Metcalf 43 
 
 Bowiin. James B 43 
 
 Bowman, George W 43 
 
 Bowne, Obadich 43 
 
 Bowne. Samuel S 43 
 
 Boyce, Henry 43 
 
 Boyce, William W 43 
 
 Boyd. Adam 43 
 
 Boyd- Alexander 43 
 
 Boyd. John U 43 
 
 Boyd, Linn 43 
 
 Boyd, Senipronius H 43 
 
 Buyden, Nathaniel 44 
 
 Boyer. Benjamin M 44 
 
 Boyle, John 44 
 
 Boyle, John W 44 
 
 Brabson, Reese B 44 
 
 Brace, Jonathan.. 44 
 
 Brackenridge, Henry M 44 
 
 Bradbury, George 44 
 
 Bradbury, James W 44 
 
 Bridbury, Thcophilus 44 
 
 Bradford, Allen A 44 
 
 Bradford, Augustus W 44 
 
 Bradford, Edward G 45 
 
 Bradford, Saul 45 
 
 Bradford, William 45 
 
 Bradford, M illiam 45 
 
 Bradlev, Abraham, Jr 45 
 
 Bradley, Edward 45 
 
 Bradley, James 45 
 
 Bradley, Joseph P 45 
 
 Bradley. L»'wis R 45 
 
 Bradley, Nathan B 45 
 
 Bradley, Phiueas 45 
 
 Bradley, Stephen Roe 45 
 
 Bradley, WjlliaraC 45 
 
 Brudshaw, Samuel C 46 
 
 Brady, Jasper E 46 
 
 Bragg, John 4H 
 
 Bragg, Thomas 46 
 
 Braiiierd, Lawrence 46 
 
 Bramlette, Thomas E 46 
 
 Branch, John 46 
 
 Branch. Lawrence O'Brieu 46 
 
 Brandebury, L. G 46 
 
 Brandegee, Augustus 46 
 
 Brandon, George C 46 
 
 Bra.Kton, Carter 46 
 
 Braxton. Elliott M 46 
 
 Brayton, William D 46 
 
 Brearly, David 47 
 
 Breathitt, John 47 
 
 Breck, Daniel 4" 
 
 Breck, Samuel 47 
 
 Breckenridge, James 47 
 
 BrecUinridue, James D 47 
 
 Breckinridge, John 47 
 
 Breckinridge, John C 47 
 
 Breese, Sidney 47 
 
 Brengle, Francis 47 
 
 Brent, Richard 47 
 
 Brent, Thomas L. L 47 
 
 Brent. William, Jr 48 
 
 Brent, William L 48 
 
 Brenion, Samuel 48 
 
 Brevard, James 48 
 
 Brewster, David P 48 
 
 Bridges, George W 48 
 
 Bridges, Samuel A 48 
 
 Briggs, Ansel 4S 
 
 Briggs, George 48 
 
 Briggs, George N 48 
 
 Brigham. Elijah 48 
 
 Bright. Jesse D 48 
 
 Bright. John Morgan 48 
 
 Brinkernoff. Henry R 48 
 
 Briiikerhoff, .Jacob 48 
 
 Bristol, Warren 48 
 
 Bristol, William 4,« 
 
 Bristow, Benjamin H 49 
 
 Bristow. Francis M 49 
 
 Broadhead, John C 49 
 
 Brochus. Perry E 49 
 
 BrockenbrougU, J. W 49 
 
 Brockenbroiigh, William H 49 
 
 Brockway. Jolm H 49 
 
 Broderick. David C 49 
 
 Brodhead, John 49 
 
 Brodhead, John M 49 
 
 Bri>dbead, Richard 49 
 
 Brogden, Curtis H 49 
 
 Bromberg, Frederick George 49 
 
 Bromwell, Henry P. H 50 
 
 Bronson, David 60 
 
 Bronson, Isaac H 50 
 
 Brooke, Francis J 60 
 
 Brooke, Robert 60 
 
 Brooke, Walter 50 
 
 Brookings, W. W 50 
 
 Brooks. David 50 
 
 Brooks, George M 50 
 
 Brooks, George W 50 
 
 Brooks, James 50 
 
 Brooks, John 60 
 
 Brooks, Micah 51 
 
 Brooks, PrestonS 51 
 
 Broom, Jacob 61 
 
 Broomall, John M 61 
 
 Broome, James E 51 
 
 Broome, James M 61 
 
 Brongh. John 51 
 
 Bronghton, Thomas 51 
 
 Brown, Aaron V 51 
 
 Brown, Albert G.. 51 
 
 Brown, Anson 61 
 
 Brown, Bedford 61 
 
 Brown, Benjamin 52 
 
 Brown, B. Gratz 62 
 
 Brown, Charles 62 
 
 Brown, Elias 52 
 
 Brown, Ethan Allen 62 
 
 Brown, George 52 
 
 Brown, George H 62 
 
 Brown, Henry Kirke 62 
 
 Brown, Jacob 52 
 
 Brown, James 52 
 
 Brown, James S 52 
 
 Brown. Jeremiah 62 
 
 Brown, John 53 
 
 Brown, John 53 
 
 Brown, John 63 
 
 Brown, John 63 
 
 Brown, Johu C 53 
 
 Brown, John W 63 
 
 Brown, John Young 53 
 
 Brown, Joseph E 63 
 
 Brown, Mason 5:3 
 
 Brown, Milton 53 
 
 Brown, Morgan W 53 
 
 Brown, Neil S 53 
 
 Brown, Orlando 53 
 
 Brown, Robert 53 
 
 Brown. Thomas 63 
 
 Brown. Titus 63 
 
 Brown. William 63 
 
 Brown, William G 5:i 
 
 Brown, William J 53 
 
 Brown. William R 54 
 
 Browne, George H 54 
 
 Browne, John Ross 54 
 
 Browning, Orville H 54 
 
 Brownlow William G 54 
 
 Urownson, Nathan 54 
 
 Bruce, B. K 54 
 
 Bruce, Phineas 54 
 
 Brnin, Peter Bryan 54 
 
 Brush, Henry 54 
 
 Brnyn, Andrew D. W 55 
 
 Bryan, George 65 
 
 Bryan, George S 65 
 
 Bryan, Gny M 55 
 
 Bryan, Henry H 55 
 
 Bryan. John A 55 
 
 Bryan, John A 55 
 
 Bryan, John H 55 
 
 Bryan . Joseph 55 
 
 Bryan, Joseph H 65 
 
 Bryan, Nathan 65 
 
 Bryant, William P 55 
 
 Bryde, Archibald M 55 
 
 Buchanan. Andrew 55 
 
 Buchanan, James 55 
 
 Buchanan, James M 55 
 
 Biicher, JohnC 55 
 
 Buck, Alfred E 65 
 
 Buck, Daniel 55 
 
 Buck, Daniel Azro A 56 
 
 Buckalew, Charles R 56 
 
 Buckingham, William A 56 
 
 Buckland, Ralph P 66 
 
 Buckley, Charles W 66 
 
 Buckner, Alexander 56 
 
 Buckner, Aylett Hawes 56 
 
 Buckner, Ayliit 56 
 
 Buckner. Richard A 66 
 
 Biiel, Alexander H 56 
 
 Buel, Alexander W 56 
 
 Ruffington, Joseph 67 
 
 Buffington, Joseph 57 
 
 Buffington, James 67 
 
 Buffum. Joseph, Jr 57 
 
 Bugg, Robert M 67 
 
 Bnlflnch. Charles 57 
 
 Bui 1, John ... 57 
 
 Bull. John 57 
 
 Bullard, Henry Adams 57 
 
 Bullitt, Alexander Scott 57 
 
 Bullitt, George 57 
 
 Bulloch, James R 57 
 
 Bulloch, William B 57 
 
 Bullock, Alexander Scott 57 
 
 Bullock, Archibald 57 
 
 Bullock, Rnfus B 57 
 
 Bullock, Stephen 57 
 
 Bullock. Wingfleld 58 
 
 Bunch, Samuel 58 
 
 Bnndy, Hezekiah S 58 
 
 Banner, Rudolph 68 
 
 Bnrcliard, Horatio C 68 
 
 Bnrchard, Matlhew 88 
 
 Burchard, Samuel D 58 
 
 Burd, George 58 
 
 Burdett, Samuel S 68 
 
 Burges, Trislam 58 
 
 Burgess, Dempsey 58 
 
 Bnrke. Edanus 58 
 
 Burke, Edmund 58 
 
 Burke, Thomas 58 
 
 Burleigh, John H 69 
 
 Burleigh, Waller A 59 
 
 Burleigh, William 69 
 
 Burlingame, Anson 59 
 
 Burnell, Barker 69 
 
 Burnet. Jacob 69 
 
 Burnett, Frank C 69 
 
 Burnett, Henry C 59 
 
 Burnett, Peter H 59 
 
 Burnett, William 59 
 
 Burnhain. Alfred A 60 
 
 Buruham, Curtis F 60 
 
 Burns, Joseph BO 
 
 Burns, Robert 60 
 
 Bumsjde, Ambrose E 60 
 
 Burnside, Thomas 60 
 
 Burr, Aaron 60 
 
 Burr, Albert G , 60 
 
 Burrell.J. M 60 
 
 Burritt, James 60 
 
 Burroughs, Silas M 60 
 
 Burrows, Daniel. 61 
 
 Burrows, Julius C 61 
 
 Burrows, Lorenzo 61 
 
 Burt, Armistead fil 
 
 Burt, Francis 61 
 
 Burton, Allan A 61 
 
 Burton, Hutchins G 61 
 
 Burton, Robert 61 
 
 Burton, William 61 
 
 Burwell, Wilham A 61 
 
 Busby, George H 61 
 
 Bushyhead, Jesse 61 
 
 Bnsteed, Richard 61 
 
 Butler, Andrew Pickens 61 
 
 Butler, Anthony '61 
 
 Bnller, Benjamin Franklin 61 
 
 Butler. Benjamin Franklin 61 
 
 Butler, Chester 62 
 
 Buller, David 62 
 
 Butler, Ezra 62 
 
 Butler, Josiah 62 
 
 Buller, Pierce 62 
 
 Butler, Pierce M 62 
 
 Butkr, Roderick R 82 
 
 Butler, Samson H «8 
 
 Butler, Thomas 62 
 
 Buller, Thomas B 62 
 
 Butler, William 62 
 
 Hntler. William 62 
 
 Butler, William O 62 
 
 Bntman, Samuel 63 
 
 Buttei-fleld, Martin 63 
 
 Bynum, Jesse A 63 
 
 Byrd, Charles W 63 
 
 Bvrd, William M 63 
 
 Cabell, Edward C 63 
 
 Cabell, George C 63 
 
 Cabell, Samuel J 63 
 
 Cabell, William H 63 
 
 Cable, Josepn 63 
 
 Cabot, Georgt 63 
 
 Cadwalader, John 63 
 
 Cadwalader, John L 63 
 
 Cadwalader, Lambert 63 
 
 Cadv.Daniel 64 
 
 Cady,JohnW 64 
 
 Cage, Harry 64 
 
 Gaboon, William fi4 
 
 Cain, Richard H 64 
 
 Cake, Henry L M 
 
 Caldwell, Alexander 64 
 
 Caldwell, George A 64 
 
 Caldwell, Greene W 64 
 
658 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Caldwell, H<'nry C 61 
 
 Caldwell, .(ames 64 
 
 Caldivell. .lohn C 64 
 
 Caldwell. Jidin H ■;;;■ 64 
 
 Cuklwc-ll. .Joliii W 64 
 
 Caldwell. Joseph P 64 
 
 Caldwell. Palriek C 64 
 
 Caldwell. Robert P 64 
 
 Caldwell, -l-od n 04 
 
 Caldwell. William P 65 
 
 Calhoun, .Tames S 6.1 
 
 Calhoun. Jcihn . 65 
 
 Calhoun, John C 65 
 
 Calhoun. Joan E 65 
 
 Calhoun, Joseph 65 
 
 Calh(.un, William B 65 
 
 Calkin, HeurjC ] 65 
 
 Call, Jacob (i.5 
 
 Call, Richard K 65 
 
 Callis, John B 65 
 
 Calvert, diaries B 65 
 
 Calvin, Samuel 66 
 
 Camhell, Alexander 66 
 
 Cambell, Brookins 66 
 
 CambrelenL', Churchill C 66 
 
 Camei(Hi, Angus 6li 
 
 Cameron, Duncan 66 
 
 Cameron, John A 66 
 
 Cameron, Simon 66 
 
 Campbell, Alexander 66 
 
 Campbell, David 66 
 
 Campbell, David 66 
 
 Campbell, George W 66 
 
 Campbell, Henry Miinroe 67 
 
 Campbell, James 67 
 
 Campbell. James H 67 
 
 Campbell. James V 67 
 
 Campbell. .lohn 67 
 
 Campbe 1 John ii7 
 
 Campbell, .Tohn 67 
 
 Campbell, John 67 
 
 Camph.ll. John Allen .' 67 
 
 Campbell. John Archibald 67 
 
 Campbell, .lohn H 67 
 
 Campbell, Ji-hn I' t7 
 
 Campiell. John W 67 
 
 Campbell. I.ewisD 67 
 
 Cauipiiell, liobert B 68 
 
 Campbell. Samuel 68 
 
 Campbell, Thomas P 68 
 
 Campiiell, Thomas J 68 
 
 CampbeU, Thompson 68 
 
 Campbell. William B 68 
 
 Campbell, William W 68 
 
 Canby. Kirbard S fi.f 
 
 Candler, .Millon A 68 
 
 Cannon, (ieorge Q 68 
 
 Cannon, .To-eph G 68 
 
 Cannon, .Newton 68 
 
 Cannon, William 68 
 
 Cantine. Jidm 6.f 
 
 Caperioii, Allen T 68 
 
 Caperion. Hu^'h 68 
 
 Capron, Horace 69 
 
 Carey, (ieorge 69 
 
 Carey, Jeieiniah E 69 
 
 Carey. John 69 
 
 Carey, Josepli M '. 69 
 
 Carleton. Henry 69 
 
 Carlile, John S 69 
 
 Carlton. Peter 69 
 
 Carmack, Samuel W 69 
 
 Carmichael, Richard B 69 
 
 Carmichael, William 69 
 
 Carnes. Thomas P 69 
 
 Carney. Thomas 69 
 
 Car])eiirer, fvrus Clay 69 
 
 Carpenter, Davis 69 
 
 Carpenter, Levi D 7n 
 
 Carpenter, Lewis Cass 70 
 
 Carpenter, Matihew H 70 
 
 Carr, DabncyS 70 
 
 Carr, Francis 70 
 
 Carr, James 70 
 
 Carr, John 70 
 
 Carriugton, Edward 70 
 
 Carringtou, Paul 70 
 
 Carroll, Charles, of CarroUton 70 
 
 Carroll, Charles H 70 
 
 Carroll, Daniel 70 
 
 Carroll, James 70 
 
 Carroll, John Lee 70 
 
 Carroll, John M 71 
 
 Carrftll, T. K 71 
 
 Carroll. William 71 
 
 Carson, Samuel P 71 
 
 Carter, Harley H 71 
 
 Carter. Ji)hn 71 
 
 Carter, Luther C 71 
 
 Carter, TiTuothy J 71 
 
 Carter, William B 71 
 
 Carter, David K 71 
 
 Carnthers, Robert L 71 
 
 Caruthers, Samuel ..'. 71 
 
 Cary. George B 7i 
 
 Cary, Samuel F 71 
 
 Cary, Shepard 71 
 
 Case, Charles 71 
 
 Case, Walter 71 
 
 Casey, Joseph .'..'.' 72 
 
 Casey, Levi! '. 72 
 
 Casey. Samuel 72 
 
 Casey, Samuel L 72 
 
 Casey, Zadoc 72 
 
 Caskie, John S '.] 72 
 
 Cason, Thomas J 72 
 
 Cass, Lewis .' 72 
 
 Cass, Lewis, Jr ,,.'. 72 
 
 *'«S6edy, George 72 
 
 Casserly, Eugene ' 72 
 
 Caswell, L. B 72 
 
 Caswell. Richard 7,3 
 
 Cate, Georire W ' 73 
 
 Calhcarl. Charles W 73 
 
 Catlin, George S 73 
 
 Cato. SterlingG .' 73 
 
 Catron. John 73 
 
 Catlell. Alexander G " 73 
 
 Caulfield. Bernard G 73 
 
 , P. P. 
 
 73 
 
 Causin, John M. S 73 
 
 CavanauL'b, James M 73 
 
 Cessna, Job n 73 
 
 Chaffee, Calvin C '...! 
 
 Chaffee. Jerome B 74 
 
 Cbalmer.s, Joseph W '.' 74 
 
 Chamberlain, D. H 74 
 
 Chamberlain, Ebenezer M 74 
 
 Chamberlain. Jacob P 74 
 
 Chamberlain, John C 74 
 
 Chamberlain, William 74 
 
 Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence 74 
 
 Chambers, David 74 
 
 Cham hers, Ezekiel F 74 
 
 Chambers, George 74 
 
 Chambers, Henry 74 
 
 Chambers, John 74 
 
 Champion, Epaphroditus 75 
 
 Champlin, Christopher G 75 
 
 Chandler, John 75 
 
 Chandler, Joseph H ' lb 
 
 Chandler. Thomas 7,5 
 
 Chandler, William E 75 
 
 Chandler, Zachariah, 75 
 
 Chaney, John 75 
 
 Chailler, .Joan Winthrop 75 
 
 Chapin, Chester W 75 
 
 Chapiu, Graham H 7S 
 
 Chapman, Augustus A 75 
 
 Cliapiiian, Bird B 75 
 
 Chapman, Charles 75 
 
 Chapman, Henry 76 
 
 Chapn 
 Chapn 
 Chapn 
 Chapn 
 Chapi 
 
 , John 
 
 , JohnG 
 
 , John Gadsby. 
 
 Re 
 
 Willi! 
 
 I W. 
 
 76 
 
 Chappell. Absalom H 76 
 
 Chappell, John J 76 
 
 Charlton, Robert M 76 
 
 Chase. Dudley .- 76 
 
 Chase, George W 76 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah T 76 
 
 Chase. Lucien B 76 
 
 Chase, Salmon P 76 
 
 Chase, Samuel 77 
 
 Chase, Samuel 77 
 
 Chastain, Edward W 77 
 
 Chatfield. A. G 77 
 
 Chavez. J. Francisco 77 
 
 Cheatdam, Richard 77 
 
 ith. F. A. 
 
 Che 
 Chestnut, Jami 
 
 Chetwood. William 77 
 
 Cheves. Langdon 77 
 
 Chew, Benjamin 77 
 
 Chilcott. George M 77 
 
 Cbilds, Thomas , 77 
 
 Childs, Timothy 77 
 
 Chilton, Samuel 78 
 
 , Joseph W i.-y 
 
 Chii 
 
 , Tho 
 
 W. 
 
 Chinn, Thomas W 
 
 Chipman, Daniel 78 
 
 Chipman, Henry 78 
 
 Chipman, John S 78 
 
 Chipman, Nathaniel 78 
 
 Chipman. Norton P 78 
 
 Chittenden, Lucius B 78 
 
 Chittenden, Martin 78 
 
 Chittenden, Simeon B 78 
 
 Chittenden, Thomas 78 
 
 Chittenden, T. C 78 
 
 Cboate, Rufus 79 
 
 Chrisman, James S 79 
 
 Christlancy, Isaac P 79 
 
 Christie, Gabriel 79 
 
 Christy, John H 79 
 
 Chnrch, Samuel 79 
 
 Church. Sanford E 79 
 
 Churchill, John Charles 79 
 
 Churchwell. William M 79 
 
 Cilley, Bradbury 79 
 
 Cilley. Jonathan 79 
 
 Cilley. Joseph 79 
 
 Clagett, WilliamH 79 
 
 Claggelt. Clifton 79 
 
 Claiborne, John 80 
 
 Claiborne, John F. H 80 
 
 Claibonte, Nathaniel H 80 
 
 Claiborne, Thomas 80 
 
 Claiborne, Thomas 80 
 
 Claiborne, William C. C 80 
 
 Clapp, Almon M 80 
 
 Clapp. AsaW. H 80 
 
 Clark. Abraham to 
 
 Clark. Ambrose W 80 
 
 Clark, Amos, Jr 80 
 
 Clark. Christopher 80 
 
 Clark, Daniel fO 
 
 Clark, Edward 80 
 
 Clark, Ezra. Jr 80 
 
 Clark, Franklin 80 
 
 Clark, Henry S 80 
 
 Clark, Horace F 80 
 
 Clark, James 
 
 Clark, James W.... 
 
 Clark, John B 
 
 Clark, John B., Jr.. 
 
 Clark, Lincoln 
 
 Clark, Lot 
 
 Clark, M. S 
 
 Clark, Kobert 
 
 Clark. Samuel 
 
 Clark. William 
 
 Clark, William 
 
 Clark, William T... 
 Clarke, Archibald S 
 
 Clarke, Bayard 
 
 Clarke, Beverly L,, 
 Clarke, Charles E. 
 
 Clarke, Daniel 83 
 
 Clarke, Freeman 83 
 
 Clarke, James 82 
 
 Clarke, John 82 
 
 Clarke, John 82 
 
 Clarke, John B 82 
 
 Clarke, John C 62 
 
 Clarke, John H 82 
 
 Clarke, Matthew St. Clair 82 
 
 Clarke. Reader Wright 82 
 
 Clarke, Sidney 82 
 
 Clarke, Stalcy N 83 
 
 Clarke, William 83 
 
 Clarkson, Matthew 83 
 
 Clawson. Isaiah D 83 
 
 Clay, Brnlns J 83 
 
 Clay, Cassins M 83 
 
 Clay. Clement C &3 
 
 Clav, Clement C, Jr ifS 
 
 Clay, Henry 
 
 Cla 
 
 <B. 
 
 84 
 
 Clay. John Randolph 84 
 
 Cl.iy, .Toseph 84 
 
 Clay, Matthew 84 
 
 Clay. Thomas H 84 
 
 Claylon, Alexander M 84 
 
 Clayton, Auguslin S 84 
 
 Cbivton, Charles 84 
 
 Clajton, John M 84 
 
 Clayton, Joshua 1^5 
 
 Clavion, Philip 85 
 
 Clayton, Powell 85 
 
 Clayton, Thomas 85 
 
 Cleaveland. J. P 85 
 
 Clemens, Jeremiah 85 
 
 Clemens, Sherrard 85 
 
 Clements, Andrew J 85 
 
 Clements, Isaac 85 
 
 Clemson, Thomas G 85 
 
 Clendenen, David 85 
 
 Cleveland, Chaunccy F S5 
 
 Cleveland, Orestes 85 
 
 Clever. Charles P 86 
 
 Clifford. John Henry 86 
 
 Clifford. Nathan 86 
 
 Clifl, Joseph W S6 
 
 Clinch. Duncan L 86 
 
 Climzan, William 86 
 
 Clingman. Thomas L 66 
 
 Clinton, De Witt 86 
 
 Clinton, George 86 
 
 Clinton, George. Jr 86 
 
 Clinton. James G 86 
 
 Clinton, Thomas 66 
 
 Clopton, David 80 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 659 
 
 Clopton, John 86 
 
 Clovvi.ey, William K 87 
 
 Clymer George 87 
 
 CIvmer, HicPter 87 
 
 Cobb, Arnastt 87 
 
 Cobb. Clinton L 87 
 
 Cobb Uavid 87 
 
 Cobb, George T S7 
 
 Cobb, Howell 87 
 
 Cohb. Howell 87 
 
 Cobb. Stephen Alonzo 88 
 
 Cobb, Thomas W 88 
 
 Cobb, Williamson R. W 88 
 
 Cobuni, Abner 88 
 
 Cobiini, John 88 
 
 Coburn, John 88 
 
 Cobnrn, Stephen 88 
 
 Cochran, Alexander G 88 
 
 Cochran, James 88 
 
 Cochrane, Clark B 8S 
 
 Cochrane, John 88 
 
 Cocke, John 88 
 
 Cocke, William 88 
 
 Cocke, William M 8'.l 
 
 Cockerill, .T.iseph R 89 
 
 Cockran, James 89 
 
 Cockrell. Francis Marion 89 
 
 Coffee, John 89 
 
 Coftey. Titiun J 89 
 
 Cortlii, Charles Q 98 
 
 Cotlin, John H. C 89 
 
 Coffln. IVhg 89 
 
 Coflroth, Alexander H 89 
 
 Cog..'e.<hall, William T.... 89 
 
 Co;;hIan, John M 89 
 
 Coil, Joshua 89 
 
 Coke. R.chard 89 
 
 Coke, Richard 89 
 
 Colby, A 89 
 
 Ci.lliy, Stoddard B 89 
 
 Colcock, William P 69 
 
 Coldcn. CadwaladerD 89 
 
 Cole, Cornelius 90 
 
 Cole, Geor^'e E 9(1 
 
 Cole, Oisamus 90 
 
 Coleman, Daniel <M 
 
 Coleman, Nicholas D 90 
 
 Coles, Edward 90 
 
 Coles, Isaac 90 
 
 Coles, Walter 90 
 
 CollMX, Schuyler 90 
 
 Coilamer, Jacob 90 
 
 Collier, Henry Watkins 90 
 
 Collier, John A 90 
 
 Colli II, John P 90 
 
 Collins, Ela HI 
 
 Collins, Francis D 91 
 
 Collins.John at 
 
 Colliu8,John 91 
 
 Collins. Thomas 91 
 
 Collins, William 91 
 
 Collins, William 91 
 
 Colquitt, Alfred H 91 
 
 Colquitt, W. T 91 
 
 Colston, Edward 91 
 
 Comegys, Cornelius P 91 
 
 Comegys, Joseph P 91 
 
 Coinim;o, Abram 91 
 
 Comins, Linns B 91 
 
 Comsiock, George P 91 
 
 Coinstock, Oliver C 91 
 
 Conaiit. Charles F 91 
 
 Conilict, John 92 
 
 Condici, Lewis 98 
 
 Condicc, Silas 92 
 
 Conflict. Silas 
 
 Condy. Jonalhan W 92 
 
 Conger, Harmon S 
 
 Conger, James L 92 
 
 Conger, Oinat D 
 
 Coniiling, Alfred 
 
 ConUling, Frederick A 
 
 Conk ling, Koscoe 
 
 Connelly, Henry 
 
 Conner, John C 
 
 Conner, >aniuel S 
 
 Coniicss, John 
 
 Connor, Henry W 
 
 Connor. Selden 
 
 Connover, Simon B 
 
 Conrad. Charles M 93 
 
 Conrad, Frederick 9.3 
 
 Conrad. John 93 
 
 Constable, Albert 93 
 
 Conlie, Benjamin 93 
 
 Converse, Julius 93 
 
 Conway, Elias N 98 
 
 Conway. Henry W 93 
 
 Conway, James S 93 
 
 Conway, Martin P 93 
 
 Cony. Samuel 93 
 
 Conyngliam, John N 93 
 
 Cook, Bnrlon C 93 
 
 Cook, Dani.l P 94 
 
 Cook, John P 94 
 
 Cook, Orchard , 94 
 
 Cook, Philip 94 
 
 Cook. Thomas B 94 
 
 Cook, Zadock 94 
 
 Cooke, Bate 94 
 
 Cooke, EleutherOB 94 
 
 Cooke, Henry D 94 
 
 ( ooke. Jay 94 
 
 Cooke, Joseph P 94 
 
 Cooke. Nicholas 94 
 
 Coolcy, Dennis N 94 
 
 Coolev, James 94 
 
 Coolidge, Carlos 94 
 
 Cooper, David 95 
 
 Cooper, Edinnnd 9:> 
 
 Cooper, (ieorge B 95 
 
 Cooper, Henry 95 
 
 Cooper, James 95 
 
 Cooper. John 95 
 
 Cooper, Mark A 95 
 
 Cooper, Kichard M 95 
 
 Coooer, Thomas 95 
 
 Cooper, Thomas B 95 
 
 Cooper, William 95 
 
 Cooper, William B 95 
 
 Cooper, W. R 95 
 
 Corbelt, Henry W 95 
 
 C'Tcoran, William W 95 
 
 Corlcv, Simeon 95 
 
 Corm-lison, John M 96 
 
 Cornell, Ezekicl 96 
 
 Cornell, Thomas 96 
 
 Corning, Erastus 96 
 
 Corwin. Franklin 96 
 
 Corwin. Moses B 96 
 
 Corwin, Thomas 96 
 
 Colteral, J. L. T 96 
 
 Cotlnian, Joseph S 96 
 
 Cotion, Aylctt R 98 
 
 Coulter, John 96 
 
 Coulter. Richard % 
 
 Covingion. Leonard 96 
 
 Covc.de, John 97 
 
 Cowan, Edgar 97 
 
 Cowan, Jacob P 97 
 
 Cowen. Beijamin Rush 97 
 
 Cowen, Benjamin Sprague 97 
 
 C.iwen, Esck 9T 
 
 Cowles, Edward P 97 
 
 Cowles, George W 97 
 
 Cowles, Henry B 97 
 
 Cox, Christopher C 98 
 
 Cox, Jacob Dolson 98 
 
 Cox, James 98 
 
 Cox, Leander M 98 
 
 Cox, Samuel 8 98 
 
 Coxe, Tencil 98 
 
 Coxe, William 98 
 
 Cozzeiis. William C 98 
 
 Crabb, George W 98 
 
 Crabb, Jeremiah 98 
 
 Cradlebangli, John 98 
 
 Crafts, Samuel C 98 
 
 Cragin. Aaron H 99 
 
 Craig, Hector 99 
 
 Craig, James 99 
 
 Craig, John D 99 
 
 Craig, Robert 99 
 
 era ge. Burton 99 
 
 Craik, William 99 
 
 Cramer, John 99 
 
 Cramer, M.J 99 
 
 Cranch. William 99 
 
 Crane. Joseph H 99 
 
 Crane, Stephen 99 
 
 Cranston, Henry Y 99 
 
 Cranston, Robert B 99 
 
 Crapo, Heurv H 99 
 
 Crapo, William W 100 
 
 Crary. Isaac E 100 
 
 Cravens, James A iflo 
 
 Cravens, James H lOO 
 
 Crawford, George W 100 
 
 Crawford, Joel lOO 
 
 Crawford, Martin J liio 
 
 Crawford, S. J lOO 
 
 Crawford, Thomas lOO 
 
 Crawford, Thomas Hartley 100 
 
 Crawford, William lOO 
 
 Crawford, William loi 
 
 Crawford, William H 101 
 
 Creamer, Thomas J loi 
 
 Crebs, John M loi 
 
 Cre.ly, John V 101 
 
 Creighlon, William 101 
 
 Creighton, William. Jr 101 
 
 Creswell, John A. J 101 
 
 Crisfleld, John W 101 
 
 Crist, Henry loi 
 
 Critchcr, John 102 
 
 Criitenden, John J 104 
 
 Crittenden, Thomas T 102 
 
 Crocheron, Henry 102 
 
 Crocheron, Jacob 102 
 
 Crocker. Alvah 103 
 
 Crocker, Samuel L 102 
 
 Crockett, David 102 
 
 Crockett, John W 103 
 
 Crooke, Philip S 102 
 
 Crosbie, Henry R. 103 
 
 Crosby, Elisha O 102 
 
 Crosby, William G 102 
 
 Cross, Edward 102 
 
 Crossland, Edward 103 
 
 Crouch, Edward 103 
 
 Crounse. Lorenzo 103 
 
 Crowell, John 103 
 
 Crowell, John US 
 
 Crowinshield, Benjamin W 103 
 
 Crowinshiild, Jacob 1113 
 
 Croxion, John T 103 
 
 Crozier. John H 103 
 
 Crudup, Josiah 103 
 
 Cniger, Daniel 103 
 
 Cruger, John 103 
 
 Crump, George William 103 
 
 Crump, William.. 103 
 
 Crutchlleld. William IDS 
 
 Culbreth. Thomas 103 
 
 Culkn, Elisha D 103 
 
 Cullom, Alvan 103 
 
 Cullom, Shelby M 103 
 
 Cullom. William lOS 
 
 Culiiepper, John 103 
 
 Culver, Charles Vernon 104 
 
 Culver, Erastus D 101 
 
 Culver, E. D 104 
 
 Calvers.m. David B 104 
 
 Cnmback.Will 104 
 
 Cumiuing, Thomas W 104 
 
 Gumming, William 104 
 
 Cummings, Alexander 104 
 
 Cummins, John 104 
 
 Cummins, John D 104 
 
 Cunningham, Fiancis A 104 
 
 Curry, George L 104 
 
 Curry, Jabez L. M 104 
 
 Cnrtin, Andrew Gregg 104 
 
 Curtis, Benjamin Robbins 104 
 
 Curtis. Carlton B 104 
 
 Curtis, Edward 104 
 
 Curtis, Samuel R 104 
 
 dishing, Caleb 105 
 
 Gushing. Courtland 105 
 
 Gushing, Thomas 105 
 
 Gushing, William 105 
 
 Cushman, John F 105 
 
 Cushman, John Paine 105 
 
 Cushman, Joshua 105 
 
 Cushman, Samuel 105 
 
 Cuihbert, Alfred 105 
 
 Cuthberr. John A 105 
 
 Cutler, Augustus W 105 
 
 Cutler, Manasseh 106 
 
 Curler. William P 10« 
 
 Cutting, Francis B 106 
 
 Cntts, Charles 106 
 
 Cutts, James Madison 106 
 
 Cutts, Richard 106 
 
 Ciiyler, Jeremiah 106 
 
 Daggett, David 106 
 
 Daily, Samuel G 1116 
 
 Dallas, Alexander J 106 
 
 Dallas, George Mifflin 107 
 
 Dalton, Tristam 107 
 
 Daly, Charles P 107 
 
 Dainrell William S 107 
 
 Dana, Amasa 107 
 
 Dana, Charles Anderson 107 
 
 Dana, Francis 107 
 
 Dana, John W 107 
 
 Dana, Judah 107 
 
 Dana, Samuel 108 
 
 Dana, Samuel W 108 
 
 Dane, Joseph 108 
 
 Dane, Nathan 108 
 
 Dan ford, Lorenzo 108 
 
 Daniel, Henry 108 
 
 Daniel. John M 108 
 
 Daniel, John R. J 108 
 
 Daniel, Joseph J 108 
 
 Daniel, Peter Vyvian 108 
 
 Danncr. JoelB IDS 
 
 Darby, Ezra 103 
 
 Darby. John Fletcher 108 
 
 D irgan, Edward S 103 
 
 Dargon, George W 109 
 
 Darling, Maeim C 109 
 
 Darling. William A 109 
 
 Darlington, Edward 109 
 
 Darlington, Isaac 109 
 
660 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Darlington, William 109 
 
 Darnign, Corouliu? 109 
 
 Darran, Chester B li:9 
 
 Darwin, C. B 109 
 
 Davee, Thomas 109 
 
 Davenport, Franklin 109 
 
 Davenport, James 109 
 
 Davenport, James J 109 
 
 Davenport, John 110 
 
 Davenport, Jolin 110 
 
 Davenport. Thomas 110 
 
 Davezac, Anguste 110 
 
 Davidson, Thomas G 110 
 
 Davidson, William 110 
 
 Davie, William R 110 
 
 Davie, William Richardson 110 
 
 Davie?, Edward 110 
 
 Davies, William 110 
 
 Davis, Amos 110 
 
 Davis, Charles Henry 110 
 
 Davis, C. K 110 
 
 Davis, David Ill 
 
 Davis, Edmund J Ill 
 
 Davis, Garret Ill 
 
 Davis, George T Ill 
 
 Davis, Henry G Ill 
 
 Davis, Henry Winter Ill 
 
 Davis, Jefferson Ill 
 
 Davis, John Ill 
 
 Davis, John Ill 
 
 Davis.John Ill 
 
 Davis, John C. Bancroft 118 
 
 Davis, JohnG 112 
 
 Davis, John J 112 
 
 Davis, John W 112 
 
 Davis, J.iseph J 112 
 
 Davis, Noah 112 
 
 Davis, Reuben 112 
 
 Davis, Richard D 112 
 
 Davis, Roier 112 
 
 Davis, Samuel 112 
 
 Davis, Samuel B 112 
 
 Davis, Thomas 112 
 
 Davis, Thomas T 112 
 
 Davis, Thomas T 112 
 
 Davis, Timothy 11.3 
 
 Davis, Timothy 11.S 
 
 Davis, Warren R 113 
 
 Davis, William M 113 
 
 Davy. John M 113 
 
 Dawes, Henry L 113 
 
 Dawaon, John 113 
 
 Dawson, John B 113 
 
 Dawson, John L 113 
 
 Dawson, William C 113 
 
 Dawson, William J 113 
 
 Day, Rowland 113 
 
 Day, Thomas 114 
 
 Day, Timothy C 114 
 
 Dayan, Charles 114 
 
 Dayton. Aaron 114 
 
 Dayton, Elias 114 
 
 Dayton, Jonathan 114 
 
 Dayton, Nathan 114 
 
 Dayton. William L 114 
 
 Deady. Matthew P 114 
 
 Dean, Ezra 114 
 
 Dean, Gilbert 114 
 
 Dean, Josiah 114 
 
 Dean, Sidney 114 
 
 Deane, Silas 114 
 
 Dearborn, Henry 115 
 
 Dearborn, Henry A. S 115 
 
 Deberry, Edmund IIB 
 
 De Bolt, Rezin A 115 
 
 DeBow, James D, B 115 
 
 Defrees, John D 118 
 
 Defrees. .loscph H 116 
 
 Degener, Edward 116 
 
 Detjrair, John 1 116 
 
 Deilz, William 116 
 
 De Jarnette, Daniel C 116 
 
 Delahay, Mark W 116 
 
 Delano, Charles 116 
 
 Delano, Columbus 116 
 
 Delaplaine. Isaac C 116 
 
 De Large, Robert C 116 
 
 De Lisle, Moreau 116 
 
 Dollet, James 116 
 
 Delmar, Alexander 116 
 
 DeLong, Charles E 117 
 
 Deming, Benjamin F 11" 
 
 Deming, Henry 117 
 
 De Mott, John 117 
 
 Denio, Hirani 117 
 
 Dennison, Charles 117 
 
 Dennison, Dudley C 117 
 
 Denning. William 117 
 
 Denni-, George R 117 
 
 Dennis, John.... 117 
 
 Dennis, John 117 
 
 Dennis, Littleton P 117 
 
 Dennison, George 117 
 
 Dennison, William 117 
 
 Denny. Arthur A 118 
 
 Denny, Harmar 118 
 
 Denoyelles, Peter 118 
 
 Dent, George 118 
 
 Dent, William B. W 118 
 
 Denver. James W 118 
 
 Derbigny, Peter 118 
 
 Desaussure, Henry W 118 
 
 Desaussure, William F 118 
 
 Desha, Joseph 118 
 
 Desha, Robert 118 
 
 Destrihan, John Noal 118 
 
 Dewart, Lewis 118 
 
 Dewart, William L 118 
 
 Deweese, John T 118 
 
 Dewey, Daniel 118 
 
 Dewey, Nelson 118 
 
 De Witt, Alexander 119 
 
 De Witt, Charles 119 
 
 De Witt, Charles G 119 
 
 De Witt, David Miller 119 
 
 De Witt, Jacob H 119 
 
 De Wolf, James 119 
 
 Dexter, Samuel 119 
 
 Dibrell, George G 119 
 
 Dick, John 119 
 
 Dick, John 119 
 
 Dick, RobertP 119 
 
 Dick, Samuel 119 
 
 Dickens, Asbury 119 
 
 Dickens, Samuel 119 
 
 Dickerson, Mahlon 119 
 
 Dickerson, Philemon 119 
 
 Dickey, Jesse C 119 
 
 Dickey, John 120 
 
 Dickey, Oliver J laO 
 
 Dickey, T. Lyle 120 
 
 Dickinson, Andrew B 120 
 
 Dickinson, Daniel S 120 
 
 Dickinson, David W 120 
 
 Dickinson, Edward 120 
 
 Dickinson, Edward F 120 
 
 Dickinson, John 120 
 
 Dickinson, John D 120 
 
 Dickinson, Philemon 120 
 
 Dickinson, Rndolphns 120 
 
 Dickson, David 120 
 
 Dickson, John 120 
 
 Dickson, Samuel 120 
 
 Dickson, William 121 
 
 Dillingham, Paul, Jr 121 
 
 Dillon, John F 121 
 
 Diraan, Byron 121 
 
 Dimitry, Alexander 121 
 
 Dimmick, Milo M 121 
 
 Dimmick, William H 121 
 
 Dimock, Davis, Jr 121 
 
 Dimond, Francis M 121 
 
 Dingley, Nelson 121 
 
 Dinsmoor, Samuel 121 
 
 Diusmoor, Samuel 121 
 
 Disney, David T 121 
 
 Diven. Alexander S 121 
 
 Dix. John A 121 
 
 Dixon, Archibald 122 
 
 Dixon, James 122 
 
 Dixon, Joseph 122 
 
 Dixon, Joseph Henry 122 
 
 Dixon, Luther C. 122 
 
 Dixon, Nathan F 122 
 
 Dixon, Nathan F 122 
 
 Doane, William 122 
 
 Dobbin, James C 122 
 
 Dobbins, Samuel A 122 
 
 Dnbbs, Arlhnr 122 
 
 Dockery, Alfred 122 
 
 Dockerv, Oli ver H 122 
 
 Dodd, Edward 123 
 
 Doddridge, Philip 123 
 
 Dodds, Ozro J 12:3 
 
 Dodge, Augustus C 123 
 
 Dodge, Grenville M 123 
 
 Dodge, Henry 123 
 
 Dodge, William E 123 
 
 Doe, Nicholas B 123 
 
 Doig, Andrew W 123 
 
 Dole, William P 123 
 
 Donelson, Andrew Jackson 12-3 
 
 Donley, Joseph B 121 
 
 Donnan, William G 124 
 
 Donnell, John R 124 
 
 Donnell, Richard S 124 
 
 Donnelly, Jgnatiu.s 124 
 
 Doolittle, CharlesH 124 
 
 Donlittle, James R 124 
 
 Door, Thomas Wilson 124 
 
 Dorsey, Clement 124 
 
 Dorsey, Stephen W 124 
 
 Doty, James D 124 
 
 Doubleday, Ulysses F 125 
 
 Dougherty, Thomas 125 
 
 Douglas, Beverly B 125 
 
 Douglas, Stephen A 125 
 
 Douglass, 1. W 125 
 
 Douglass. Samuel J 125 
 
 Dowell, James F 125 
 
 vnev, John G 125 
 
 Downing, Cliarles 125 
 
 ~ vns, Solomon W 125 
 
 vse, Edward 125 
 
 Dowse, William 125 
 
 :, Peter M 125 
 
 Drake, Charles D 125 
 
 Drake, John R 126 
 
 Drake, Thomas J 126 
 
 Draper, Joseph 126 
 
 Drayton, John 126 
 
 Drayton, William 126 
 
 Drayton, William 126 
 
 Drayton, William Henry 126 
 
 Drew, Thomas S 126 
 
 ~ rgs, JohnF 126 
 
 mgoole, George C 126 
 
 Drnm, Augustus 126 
 
 Drummond, Thomas 126 
 
 Drnmraond, William W 126 
 
 Drummond, Willis 126 
 
 Dryer, Thomas J 126 
 
 Duane, James 126 
 
 Duane, John William 127 
 
 Duboise, Dudley M 127 
 
 Duckctt, AllenB 127 
 
 Dudley, Charles Edward 127 
 
 Dudley, Edward B 127 
 
 Duell, R. Holland Ia7 
 
 Duer, William 127 
 
 Duer, William 127 
 
 Duer, William 127 
 
 Duer, William Alexander 127 
 
 DufBeld. George 127 
 
 Duke, Richard T. W 127 
 
 Dumont, Ebenezer 128 
 
 Dunbar, William 128 
 
 Duncan, Alexander 128 
 
 Duncan, Charles 128 
 
 Duncan, Daniel 128 
 
 Duncan, Garnett 128 
 
 Duncan, James H 128 
 
 Duncan, Joseph 128 
 
 Dundas, William H 128 
 
 Dundy, Elmers 128 
 
 Dunham, Cyrus L 128 
 
 Dunklin, Daniel 128 
 
 Dunlap, George W 128 
 
 Dunlap, Robert P 128 
 
 Dunlap, William C 128 
 
 Dunlavy, Francis 128 
 
 Dunlop. James 128 
 
 Dunn, Charles 129 
 
 Dunn, George G 129 
 
 Dunn, GeorgeH 129 
 
 Dunn, William McKee 129 
 
 Dunne. Edmund Francis 129 
 
 Dunnell, Mark H 129 
 
 Dunning. Paris C 129 
 
 Duprc. Jacques 129 
 
 Durand. George H 129 
 
 Durell, Daniel M 129 
 
 Durell,E.H 129 
 
 Durlee.Job 129 
 
 Durfee. Nathaniel B 129 
 
 Durham. Milton J 129 
 
 Durkee, Charles 129 
 
 Dutton. Henry 130 
 
 Duval, Gabriel 130 
 
 Duval, J. H 130 
 
 Duval, Thomas H 130 
 
 Duval, William P 130 
 
 Dwight,HenryW 130 
 
 Dwight, Theodore 130 
 
 Dwight. Thomas 130 
 
 Dwinell, Justin 130 
 
 Dver, David P 130 
 
 Dyer, Eliphalet 130 
 
 Dyer, Ehsha 130 
 
 Dver. John J 130 
 
 Eager. S. W 130 
 
 Fames, Benjamin T 131 
 
 Eames. Charles 131 
 
 Earle. Elias 131 
 
 Eiirle, JohnB 131 
 
 Earle, Richard T 131 
 
 Earle, Samuel 131 
 
 Earll, Jonas, Jr 131 
 
 Earn, Nehemiah H 131 
 
 Early, Peter 131 
 
 Eashv, William 131 
 
 Easterbrook, Eiperience 131 
 
 Eastmau, Benjamin C 131 
 
 Eastman, Ira A 131 
 
 Eastman, John R 131 
 
 Eastman, Nehemiah 131 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 661 
 
 EAs'tman, Rafus 131 
 
 Eutun, Hr.racu 131 
 
 Kiiton, Jobii 131 
 
 Eaton, John H 132 
 
 Eaton. Lewis 132 
 
 Eaton, William W 132 
 
 Eckurt, George N 132 
 
 EcK-s. Delnne K 132 
 
 EcUley, Ephraim R 132 
 
 Eddy, Norman 132 
 
 Eddy, Samuel 132 
 
 Erteii, Charles 132 
 
 Eden, John R 132 
 
 EclRecomt., Willard W 132 
 
 Edseiton, Alfred P 132 
 
 EdgLTton, Joseph Ketchum 132 
 
 Edsterlon. Sidney 133 
 
 Edie, John R 132 
 
 Edraands, J. Wiley 132 
 
 Edmoiid, William 132 
 
 Edmonds, John Worth 133 
 
 Edmondson, Henry A 133 
 
 Edmunds, George F 133 
 
 Edmunds, G 133 
 
 Edmunds, James M 133 
 
 Edmunds, Newton 133 
 
 Edsali, Joseph E 133 
 
 Edward, John 133 
 
 Edward", Benjamin 133 
 
 Edwards, Francis 8 133 
 
 Edwards, Henry W 133 
 
 Edwards, James I. 133 
 
 Edwards, John 133 
 
 Edwards, John 133 
 
 Edwards, John C 133 
 
 Edwards, Ninian 133 
 
 Edwards, Pierrepont 134 
 
 Edwards, Samuel 134 
 
 Edwards, Thomas M 131 
 
 Edwards, Tom O ; 134 
 
 Edwards, Weldon N 134 
 
 Edwards. William P 134 
 
 EITner, Valeniine 134 
 
 Egbert, A. G 134 
 
 Egbert, Joseph 134 
 
 Ege, George 131 
 
 Eirgleston, Benjamin 134 
 
 Eggleston, Joseph 134 
 
 Ela, J.icob H 135 
 
 Eklred. Nathaniel B 135 
 
 Eldridge, Charles A 135 
 
 ElL-ar, Joseph 13S 
 
 Eliot, Samuel A 135 
 
 Eliot, Thomas D 135 
 
 Elkins, Stephen B 135 
 
 Ellrry, Christopher 135 
 
 Ellery, William 135 
 
 Ellicolt. Andrew 135 
 
 Ellicott, Benjamin 136 
 
 Elliot, John 135 
 
 Elliott, James 135 
 
 Elliott, James T 1-35 
 
 Elliott, John M 135 
 
 Elliott. Robert Brown, of Columbia.. 13K 
 
 Ellis, Caleb 136 
 
 Ellis, Cheselden 136 
 
 Ellis, E. John 13B 
 
 Ellis, John Willis 13H 
 
 Ellis, Powhatan 136 
 
 Ellis, Vespasian 136 
 
 Ellis, William C 13H 
 
 Ellison, Andrew 136 
 
 Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt 
 
 Ellsworth, Henry W 136 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver 136 
 
 ElUworth, Samuel S 136 
 
 Ellsworth, William W 136 
 
 Elmendorf, Lucas 136 
 
 Elmer, Ebenezer 137 
 
 Elmer, Jonathan 137 
 
 Elmer, Lucius Q. C 137 
 
 Elmore, Franklin Harper 137 
 
 Elmore, Rush 1.37 
 
 Ely. Alfred 137 
 
 Ely. John 137 
 
 Ely, Smith. Jr 137 
 
 Ely. William 137 
 
 Embree, Elisha 137 
 
 Emerson, Philip H 1.37 
 
 Ernerv. Georu'e W 1.37 
 
 Emmanuel, David 1.37 
 
 Emmons. H. H 137 
 
 Emory, William Helmsley 138 
 
 Emott, James 138 
 
 Emrie, J. Recce 138 
 
 English. JatnesE 138 
 
 English. William H 138 
 
 Eppes, JohiiW 138 
 
 Erdman, Jacob 13S 
 
 Erskine, John 1.38 
 
 138 
 
 Er' 
 
 Erving, George W. 
 
 Erwin. David 138 
 
 Eskridge. Thomas P 138 
 
 Espv, James P 139 
 
 Estil, Benjamin 139 
 
 Esty. Constantino C 139 
 
 Etheridge, Emerson 1.39 
 
 Euslis, George 139 
 
 Eustis, George, Jr 139 
 
 Eustis, William 139 
 
 Evans, Alexander 139 
 
 Evans, David E 139 
 
 Evans, David R 139 
 
 Evans, George 139 
 
 Evans, James Lafayette 1.39 
 
 Evans, John 139 
 
 Evans, Joshua 139 
 
 Evans, Josiah J 130 
 
 Evans, Lemuel D 140 
 
 Evans, Nathan 140 
 
 Evans, Thomas 140 
 
 Evarts, William M 140 
 
 Eve. Joseph 140 
 
 Eveleigh, Nicholas 140 
 
 Everelt, Alexander Hill 140 
 
 Everett, Edward 140 
 
 Everett. Horace 141 
 
 Everliart, William 141 
 
 Ewbank, Thomas 141 
 
 hwing, Andrew 141 
 
 Ewing, Charles 141 
 
 Ewing, Edwin H 141 
 
 Ewing, Hugh 141 
 
 Ewing, John 141 
 
 Ewing, John H 141 
 
 Ewing, Presley 141 
 
 Ewing, Thomas 141 
 
 Ewing, Thomas, Jr 141 
 
 Ewing, William L. D 141 
 
 Eyster.C.S 141 
 
 Fai r, Elisha Y 141 
 
 Fairlianks, Erastus 142 
 
 Fairchild, Lucius 142 
 
 Fairfield, John 142 
 
 Faran, James J 142 
 
 Farlee, Isaac G 142 
 
 Farley, E. Wilder 142 
 
 Farlin, Dudley 142 
 
 Farnsworth, John F 142 
 
 Farqii bar, John H. 142 
 
 Farrelly, John W 142 
 
 Farrelly, Patrick 142 
 
 Fiirrington, James 142 
 
 Farrow, Samuel 142 
 
 Farwell, Charles B 142 
 
 Farwell, Nathan A 142 
 
 Paulk, Andrew J 143 
 
 Faulkner. Charles J 143 
 
 Faxon, William 143 
 
 Fay, Francis B 143 
 
 Fay, John 143 
 
 Fay, Jonas 143 
 
 Fay. 'I beodore Sedgwick 143 
 
 Fearing. Paul 143 
 
 Fealherston, W. S 143 
 
 Felch, Alphens 143 
 
 Felder, John M 143 
 
 Fell, John 144 
 
 Feniier, James 144 
 
 Fenner, James 144 
 
 Feuton, Reuben E 144 
 
 Fer^'uscm, Fenner 144 
 
 Ferris, Charles G 144 
 
 Ft-rriss, Orange 144 
 
 Ferry, Orris S 144 
 
 Ferry, Thomas W 144 
 
 Fesseuden, Samuel C 144 
 
 Fessenden, T. A. D 144 
 
 Fesseuden, William Pitt 145 
 
 Few. William 145 
 
 Ficklin, Orlando B 145 
 
 Field, Maunsell B 145 
 
 Field. Moses W 145 
 
 Field, Richard S 145 
 
 Field, Stephen J 145 
 
 Field, Walbridge A 145 
 
 Fields, William C 145 
 
 Fillmore, Millard 145 
 
 Finch, Isaac 146 
 
 Findlay, James 146 
 
 Findlay, John 146 
 
 Findlay, William 146 
 
 Findlay, William 146 
 
 Fine, John 146 
 
 Fink, William E 146 
 
 Fiiikelnburg, G. A 146 
 
 Finney, Darwin A 146 
 
 Fish, Hamilton 146 
 
 Fisher, Charles 147 
 
 Fisher, David 147 
 
 Fisher, George 147 
 
 Fisher, George P 147 
 
 Fisher, Hendrick 147 
 
 Fisher,John 147 
 
 Fisher, John 147 
 
 her, Joseph W 147 
 
 her. S. S 147 
 
 Pisk, James 147 
 
 Fisk, Jonathan 147 
 
 Fitch, Asa 147 
 
 Fitch, Graham N 147 
 
 Fitch, Thomas 147 
 
 Fitts, Oliver 148 
 
 Fitzgerald, Thomas 143 
 
 Fitzgerald, William 148 
 
 Fllzhugh, Edward C 148 
 
 Fitzhugh, Nicholas 148 
 
 Fitzhugh, William 148 
 
 Pitzpatrick, Benjamin 143 
 
 Filzsimons, Thomas 148 
 
 Flanagan, James W 148 
 
 Flanders, Alvin 148 
 
 Flanders, Benjamin F 148 
 
 Flandraw. Charles E 148 
 
 Flauuigan, Harris 148 
 
 Fleiiiming, William 148 
 
 Flenniken, Robert P 148 
 
 Flcimiker, Robert P 148 
 
 Fletcher, Isaac 148 
 
 Fletcher, Richard 149 
 
 Fletcher, Ryland 149 
 
 Fletcher. Thomas 149 
 
 Fletcher. Thomas C 149 
 
 Flood, George U 149 
 
 Florence, Eliafi 149 
 
 Florence, Thomas B 149 
 
 Flonrnoy, Thomas S 149 
 
 Floyd. Charles A 149 
 
 Floyd, John 149 
 
 Floyd, John 149 
 
 Floyd, John B 149 
 
 Floyd, John G 149 
 
 Floyd. William 149 
 
 Flugler. Thomas T 149 
 
 Fi>gg, George G 149 
 
 Foley. James B 150 
 
 Folger, Walter 160 
 
 Foltom, George 150 
 
 Folsom, Nathaniel 160 
 
 Foot, Samuel A 160 
 
 Foot, Solomon 150 
 
 Foote, Charles A 160 
 
 Foote, Henrys 150 
 
 Foote, Thomas M 150 
 
 Forbes, James 150 
 
 Forbes, John M 150 
 
 Force. Peter 150 
 
 Ford, Gabriel H 151 
 
 Ford, Janles 151 
 
 Ford, Scabury 151 
 
 Ford, Thomas 151 
 
 Ford, Thomas H 151 
 
 Ford, William D 151 
 
 Forester. John B 151 
 
 Forker, Samuel C 1.61 
 
 Forriance, Joseph 151 
 
 Forney, Daniel M 151 
 
 Forney, John W 151 
 
 Forney, Peter 151 
 
 Forney, William H 151 
 
 Forrest, Thomas 161 
 
 Forrest, Uriah 151 
 
 Forsyth, John 161 
 
 Fort, George F 1.62 
 
 Fort, Greenberry L 152 
 
 Fort, Tomlinson 162 
 
 Forward, Chauncey 152 
 
 Forward, Walter 162 
 
 Forward, William A 162 
 
 Fosdick, Nicoll 163 
 
 Foster, Abiel 162 
 
 Foster, A. Lawrence 162 
 
 Foster, Charles 152 
 
 Foster, C. G 162 
 
 Foster, Dwight 152 
 
 Foster, Ephraim H 152 
 
 Foster, Henry A 153 
 
 Foster, Henry Donnel 163 
 
 Foster, Jedediah 163 
 
 Foster, John W 153 
 
 Foster, La Fayette S l.J3 
 
 Foster, Nathaniel G 153 
 
 Foster, Stephen C 153 
 
 Foster, Theodore 153 
 
 Foster, Thomas F 153 
 
 Foster. Wilder D 153 
 
 Fouke, Philip B 163 
 
 Fowler, John - 153 
 
 Fowler, Joseph Smith 163 
 
 Fowler, t'rin 154 
 
 Fowler, Samuel 154 
 
 Fox. Edward 164 
 
 Fox. Gustavus Vasa 164 
 
 Fox, John 154 
 
 Franchot, Richard 154 
 
6(J3 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Francis, John Blown 154 
 
 Fraiiiis, John M 154 
 
 Frank, Au^'ustns 154 
 
 Frai.klin, Benjamin 134 
 
 Fiankiin.B. J 13» 
 
 Frunklin, Jfsse 155 
 
 Franklin, John R 155 
 
 Franklin, Meshack 155 
 
 Walters 155 
 
 , Phii 
 
 155 
 
 Frazier, William C 
 
 Fre.dley, John 165 
 
 Freeman, Chaiiman 155 
 
 Freeman. CiiustniiC 135 
 
 Freeman, James C 1.55 
 
 Freeman, John D 155 
 
 Freeman. Jonathan 155 
 
 Freeman, Nathaniel 153 
 
 Freeman, Samuel 1,=)5 
 
 Frelinghnyfen, Frederick 153 
 
 Frelimiliuysen, Frederick T 1.35 
 
 Frelingliiiysen, Theodore 156 
 
 Fremont, John Charles 15ti 
 
 French, A. C 1.36 
 
 French, Benjamin B 136 
 
 French, C. B. G 156 
 
 French, Ezra B 156 
 
 French. John R 156 
 
 French, Richard 15fi 
 
 Frey. Joseph 156 
 
 Frick, Henry 157 
 
 Fries. Georjre 157 
 
 Fromen'.in, Eligius 157 
 
 Frost. Edward 1.37 
 
 Frost, George 157 
 
 Frost. Joel 1.^7 
 
 Frost. Unfits S 157 
 
 Fry, Jacoh, Jr 1.37 
 
 Frye. Willi.im P 157 
 
 Fuller. Bartholomew 1.37 
 
 Fuller, Benoni Stinson 1.37 
 
 Fuller. Georue 157 
 
 Fuller, Henry M 157 
 
 Fuller, Jerome 157 
 
 Fuller, Philo C 157 
 
 Fullei-, Thomas J. D 157 
 
 Fuller, Timothy 157 
 
 Fuller. William K 157 
 
 Fullerton. David 158 
 
 Fulton, Andrews 158 
 
 Fulton, John H 158 
 
 Fulton. William S 158 
 
 Furnass. R W 158 
 
 Gadsden, Christopher 158 
 
 Gadsden, James 158 
 
 Ga.-e. Joshua '. 158 
 
 Gaillard, John 158 
 
 Gaillard. Theodore 158 
 
 Gaines, John P 158 
 
 Gaither. Nathan 158 
 
 Galbratth. John 158 
 
 Gale, George 158 
 
 Gale, Levin 158 
 
 Gale, William H 158 
 
 Gales. Joseph 158 
 
 Gallaher, John S 159 
 
 Gallatin, Albert 159 
 
 Gallegos, Jose M 159 
 
 Galloway. Joseph l.=,9 
 
 Galloway. Samuel 159 
 
 Gallup, Albert 1=9 
 
 Galusna, Jonas 159 
 
 Gamble, Hamilton R.... 159 
 
 Gamble, James 1.39 
 
 Gamble, Roirer L 1,39 
 
 Gannett. Baizilla 159 
 
 Ganiit, E. W 159 
 
 Gansevoort, Leonard 160 
 
 Ganson. John 160 
 
 Garher, Silas 160 
 
 Gardcnier. Barent 160 
 
 Gardner, Charles K 160 
 
 Gardner, Francis 160 
 
 Gardner, Gideon 160 
 
 Gardner. Henry J... 160 
 
 Gardner, Joseph KiO 
 
 Garfield, James A 160 
 
 Garflelrie, Belncius 160 
 
 Garland, A. H 160 
 
 Garland, David S ICO 
 
 Garland, Hugh A 16(1 
 
 Garland, James 160 
 
 Garland, Rice 161 
 
 Garnet t, James M 161 
 
 Garnett, Muscoe R. H 161 
 
 Gainett, Roljert S 161 
 
 Garnsey, Daniel G 161 
 
 Garrard. James 161 
 
 Garrett, Abraham E Jill 
 
 Gar 
 
 , Daniel, 
 
 161 
 
 Gartrell, Lucius J 161 
 
 Garvin, William S 161 
 
 Gaston, William 161 
 
 Gates, Seth Merrill 161 
 
 Gaase, Lucien Cotesworth ;61 
 
 Gayarre, Charles E. A lllS 
 
 Gayle. John 162 
 
 Gaylord. Augustus S 162 
 
 Gaylord, James M 162 
 
 Gazley, James W 162 
 
 Geary, John W 162 
 
 Gebhaid, John 162 
 
 Geddes, James 1 62 
 
 Geddes, John 162 
 
 Gentry. Meredith P 162 
 
 German, Ohadiah 162 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge 162 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge 162 
 
 Gerry. James 163 
 
 Gervais, John L 163 
 
 Geiz, J. Lawrence 16-3 
 
 Geyer, Henry S 163 
 
 Gholson. James H 16-') 
 
 Gholson. S. J 16:) 
 
 Gholson, Thomas 163 
 
 Gibbons, Thomas 163 
 
 Gibbons, Wiiliam im 
 
 Gibbs, A. C 163 
 
 Gibbs, Richard Iti3 
 
 Gibbs, William Channing 163 
 
 Gibson, James King 
 
 Gibson. John T 163 
 
 Gibson, John Bannister 163 
 
 Gibson, Randall Lee 163 
 
 Giddings, De Witt C 163 
 
 Girtdings, Joshua R 163 
 
 Giddings. Marsh 164 
 
 Gilbert, Abijah 104 
 
 Gilbert, Edward 1«4 
 
 Gilbert, EzeKiel 164 
 
 Gilbert, Sylvester 164 
 
 Gilbert. William A lf.4 
 
 Gilchiist, John James 164 
 
 Gilchrist, Robert B 164 
 
 Giles. John 164 
 
 Giles, William Branch 164 
 
 Giles, William Fell 164 
 
 Gilfillan, C. W 164 
 
 Gill, Moses : 164 
 
 Gillespie, James 164 
 
 Gillet, Ransom H 164 
 
 Gillette, Francis 165 
 
 Gillis, James L 165 
 
 Gilliss, James Melvin 165 
 
 Gillon, Alexander 163 
 
 Gilman. Charles J 165 
 
 Gilinan, John Taylor 165 
 
 Gilman, Joseph 165 
 
 Gilman, Nicholas 165 
 
 Gilmer, Gei.rge R 165 
 
 Gilmer, John A 165 
 
 Gilmer, Thomas W 165 
 
 Gilmore, Alfred 163 
 
 Gilmoi e, John 166 
 
 Gilmore, Joseph AiLerton 166 
 
 Gilmore, S. A 166 
 
 Gilpin, Henry D 166 
 
 Gist, Joseph 166 
 
 Gist, William H... 166 
 
 Glascock, Thomas IC* 
 
 Glasgow, Hugh 166 
 
 Gkason, William E J66 
 
 Glen, Jtilin 166 
 
 Glenn, Elias 166 
 
 Glenn, Henry 166 
 
 Gloninger, John 166 
 
 Glossbrenner, Adam J 166 
 
 Glover, John Montgomery 166 
 
 Goddard. Calvin 166 
 
 Golortli, John 166 
 
 Gog.'in, William L 106 
 
 Gold, Thomas R 167 
 
 Goldsborough, Brice J 167 
 
 Giildsborough, Charles W 167 
 
 Goldsborough, Rnbeit 167 
 
 Goldthwaite, George 167 
 
 Golladay, Edward 1 !ii7 
 
 Goiladav, Jacob S 167 
 
 Daniel W 167 
 
 John, Jr 167 
 
 Patrick G 167 
 
 Goodi 
 Good< 
 Goodi 
 Goorii 
 Goodi 
 
 Samuel. 
 
 167 
 
 Will 
 
 low, John M 167 
 
 Goodenow, Roliert 167 
 
 Goodenow. Rufus K 168 
 
 Goodhue. Benjamin 168 
 
 Goodin. John R 16S 
 
 Goodrich, Aaron 168 
 
 Goodrich, Chauncey 168 
 
 Goodrich, Eliziir 168 
 
 Goodrich, John Z 168 
 
 Gtiodrich, Milo 163 
 
 Goodwin, Daniel " * 168 
 
 Goodwin, Henry C .' 168 
 
 Goodwin, Jchabod ]68 
 
 Goodwin, Ictiabod '.'.'.,'.'. 168 
 
 Goodwin, John N .., ]68 
 
 Goodwin, Peterson 168 
 
 Goodyear. Charles 169 
 
 Gordon, James i69 
 
 Gordon, John B 161) 
 
 Gordon, Samuel ]69 
 
 Gordon, William ' )69 
 
 Gordon. William F '.'. ]t;9 
 
 Gore, Christopher 169 
 
 Gorham, Benjamin ]69 
 
 Gorham. George C [ 169 
 
 Gorham, Nathaniel 169 
 
 Gorman, Willis Arnold 169 
 
 Gorshiie. William R ]ii9 
 
 Goss, James H 169 
 
 Gott, Daniel '. 170 
 
 Gould, George no 
 
 Gould, Herman D no 
 
 Gould. James 170 
 
 Gourdin, Theodore nO 
 
 Govan.A. R no 
 
 Gove, Samuel F 170 
 
 Graham, Daniel nO 
 
 Graham, James nO 
 
 Graham, James H 170 
 
 Graham, John 170 
 
 Graham. William 170 
 
 Graham. William A 170 
 
 Granger. Amos P 170 
 
 Granger, Bradley F 170 
 
 Granger, Francis 170 
 
 Granger, Gideon nO 
 
 Gram, Abraham P ni 
 
 Grant, Ulysses 8 171 
 
 Grantland, Seaton 171 
 
 Gravely, Joseph J 171 
 
 Graves, Benjamin F 171 
 
 Graves, William J m 
 
 Gray, Edward 171 
 
 Grav, Hiram 171 
 
 Gray, Jolin C 171 
 
 Grayson, William 171 
 
 Grayson, William 171 
 
 Grayson, William J 172 
 
 Greeley. Horace 17a 
 
 Green, Byram n2 
 
 Green, Duff 1 72 
 
 Green, Frederick W '. 172 
 
 Green, L L 172 
 
 Green, Inn is "...'.". 172 
 
 Green, James S 172 
 
 Green, Willis ". 173 
 
 Green, Albert C 173 
 
 Greene, George W 173 
 
 Greene, Ray 173 
 
 Greene, Roger S 173 
 
 Greene, Thomas M 173 
 
 Gieenongh, Horatio 173 
 
 Greenup, Christopher 173 
 
 Greenwood, A. B 173 
 
 Gregg, Andrew 173 
 
 Gregg, David L 173 
 
 Gregg, James M 173 
 
 Gregory, Dudley S 173 
 
 Gregory John M 173 
 
 Greig, John 173 
 
 Greiuer. John ns 
 
 Grennell. George 174 
 
 Gresham, WallertJ 174 
 
 Grey, Benjamin E 174 
 
 Grider. Hi my 174 
 
 Grier, Robert C 174 
 
 Griffin, Cyrus 174 
 
 Giitlin, Isaac 174 
 
 Griffin, John 174 
 
 Griffin, John K 1S4 
 
 Griffin, Samuel 184 
 
 Griffin, Thomas : 174 
 
 Griffith, Samuel 174 
 
 Griffith William 174 
 
 Grimes, James W 174 
 
 Grimke, Frederick 174 
 
 Grinnell, Joseph 174 
 
 Glinnell, Josiah B 175 
 
 Griunell, Moses H 175 
 
 Griswold. Gaylord 175 
 
 Griswold, John A 175 
 
 Griswold, John A 175 
 
 Grswi.ld, Roger 175 
 
 Griswold. Stanley 175 
 
 Groesbeck. William S 175 
 
 Grooroe. James B 175 
 
 Gross, Ezra C 175 
 
 Gross, tamuel 176 
 
 Grosvenor. Thomas P 176 
 
 Grou t, Jonai lian 176 
 
 Grove, WiUiamB 176 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 663 
 
 Grover, Asa P 176 
 
 Grover, Lifayette 176 
 
 Grover. Martin ]7« 
 
 Grow, GalushaA 17« 
 
 Gniiiily, Piflix 176 
 
 Guerjird, Beiiiamin 176 
 
 Giiioii, Ji.hnJ 176 
 
 Giiiickel, Lewis B 17ii 
 
 Gunii, James 17(1 
 
 GilnU-r, Thomas M 176 
 
 Giirley, Uuiiry H 17li 
 
 Gurley, John A 177 
 
 Gii»tille, Amos 177 
 
 Guthrie. James 177 
 
 Gil von, James, Jr 177 
 
 Gw'in, William M 177 
 
 Gwinnelt. Bnttou 177 
 
 Huhersliani, John 177 
 
 Haher>hara, Joseph 177 
 
 Hahersham. Richard W 177 
 
 Hackett, Thomas C 177 
 
 Hacklev. Aaron, Jr 177 
 
 Hailrioc'lv, Charles Brickctt 177 
 
 Hadlleld, George 178 
 
 Hailley. O. A 17S 
 
 Hager. Johns 178 
 
 Haijiier, Peter 178 
 
 Hahn. John 178 
 
 Halm Michael 178 
 
 HaiKht, Charles 178 
 
 Haight, Erlwaril 178 
 
 Haiitht, Fletcher M 178 
 
 Haight, Henry Huiitly 178 
 
 Haile, William 178 
 
 Hailev, John 178 
 
 Haines. Daniel 178 
 
 Haiius. Townsend 178 
 
 Haldeman, Jacob 8 178 
 
 Haldeman. Richard J 178 
 
 Hale, Artemas 178 
 
 Hale, Charles 179 
 
 Hale, Eu-ene 179 
 
 Hale, James T 179 
 
 Hale, John P 179 
 
 Halc', Roberts 179 
 
 Hale, Salma 179 
 
 HalH, William 179 
 
 Haley, Elisha 179 
 
 Hall, Allen A 179 
 
 Hall, Asaph 179 
 
 Hall, AnLMlsIus 179 
 
 Hall, Benjamin P 179 
 
 Hall, Boiling 179 
 
 Hall. Chapin 179 
 
 Hall, David ISO 
 
 Hall. Dorainick Augustine 180 
 
 Hall, Ge..ri;e ISO 
 
 Hall, Hiland 180 
 
 Hall, John 180 
 
 Hall, John 1811 
 
 Hall, Joseph 180 
 
 Hall, Lawrence W 180 
 
 Hall, Lyman 180 
 
 Hall. Nathan K ISO 
 
 Hall Obed ISO 
 
 Hall. Robert B 180 
 
 Hall, Thomas H 180 
 
 Hall, Willard 180 
 
 Hall, Willard P 181 
 
 Hall. William 181 
 
 Hall, William A 181 
 
 Hallel, Stephen 181 
 
 Hallett, Mosee 181 
 
 Hallock, John, Jr 181 
 
 Halloway, Ransom ISl 
 
 Hallyburton. Jamea D 181 
 
 Halsey, George A 181 
 
 Halsey, Jchiel H 181 
 
 Halsev, Nicoll 181 
 
 Halsey. Silas 181 
 
 Halsey, William 181 
 
 Halsted, William 181 
 
 Ham. John 181 
 
 Hambleton, Samuel 181 
 
 Hamer, Thomas L 181 
 
 Hamill, Patrick 181 
 
 Hamilton, A. H 183 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander 182 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew J 182 
 
 Hamilton, Charles M 182 
 
 Hamilton. Cornelius S 182 
 
 Hamilton, James 182 
 
 Hamilton, John 182 
 
 Hamilton, Morgan 182 
 
 H.amilton, Paul 182 
 
 Hamilton, Robert 182 
 
 Hamilton, William T 182 
 
 Hnmlin, Edward S 183 
 
 Hamlin, Hannibal 183 
 
 Hammet, William J 183 
 
 Hammond, Abram A 183 
 
 Hammond, Edward 183 
 
 Hammond Jabez D 183 
 
 Hammond, James H 183 
 
 Hammond, Robert H 183 
 
 Hammond, Samuel, 183 
 
 Hammons, David 183 
 
 Hatnmons, Joseph ]83 
 
 Hampton, James G 1S3 
 
 Hampton, Moses 184 
 
 Hampt' n. Wade 184 
 
 Hanchett, Luther 184 
 
 Hancock. George 184 
 
 Hancock, John 184 
 
 Hancock. John 184 
 
 Hand, Augustus C 184 
 
 Hand. Edward 184 
 
 Handley, William A 184 
 
 Hanks, .tames M 184 
 
 Hanna, John A 184 
 
 Hanna, Robert 184 
 
 Hannegan, Edward A 184 
 
 Hanson, Alexander Contee 185 
 
 Hanson, John 185 
 
 Haralson, Hugh A 185 
 
 Harftlsson, Jeremiah 185 
 
 Hard, Gideon 185 
 
 Hardeman, Thomas, Jr 185 
 
 Hardenbergh. Augustus A 185 
 
 Hirdin, Benjamin 185 
 
 Hardin, Charles H 185 
 
 Hardin, E. R 185 
 
 Hardin, John J 185 
 
 Hardin, Martin D im 
 
 Harding, Aaron 186 
 
 Harding, Abner C 186 
 
 Harding, Benjamin F 186 
 
 Harding, Stephen S 186 
 
 Hardy, Samuel 186 
 
 Hare, J. I. Clark 186 
 
 Haring, John 186 
 
 Harkhess, William 1S6 
 
 Harlan, Aaron 186 
 
 Harlan, Andrew J 1S6 
 
 Harlan, James 186 
 
 Harlan, James 186 
 
 Harmonson, John H 187 
 
 Harmar, Joeiah 187 
 
 Harmer, Alfred C 187 
 
 Harnett, Cornelius 187 
 
 Harper, Alexander 187 
 
 Harper, Francis J 187 
 
 Harper, James 187 
 
 Harper, James C 187 
 
 Harper, John A 1S7 
 
 Harper, Joseph M 187 
 
 Harper, Robert Goodloe 187 
 
 Harper, Samuel H 187 
 
 Harper, William 187 
 
 Harriman, Walter 187 
 
 Harrington, George 187 
 
 Harrington, Henry W 188 
 
 Harrington, Samuel M 188 
 
 Harris, Benjamin Gwinn 188 
 
 Harris, Benjamin W 188 
 
 Harris, Cary A 188 
 
 Harris, Charles M 188 
 
 Harris, Edward 188 
 
 Harris, Elisha 188 
 
 Harris, George E 188 
 
 Harris, Henry R 188 
 
 Harris, Ira 188 
 
 Harris. Ishom G 189 
 
 Harris. J. Morrison 189 
 
 Harris, John 189 
 
 Harris, John A 189 
 
 Harris, John T 189 
 
 Harris, Leavitt 189 
 
 Harris, Mark 189 
 
 Harris, Robert 189 
 
 Harris, Sampson W 189 
 
 Harris. Thomas K 189 
 
 Harris, Thomas L 189 
 
 Harris, Townsend 189 
 
 Harris, W. L 189 
 
 Harris, Wiley P 189 
 
 Harris, William A 189 
 
 Harris, William R 190 
 
 Harrison, Albert G 190 
 
 Harrison, Benjamin 190 
 
 Harrison. Carter B 190 
 
 Harrison, Carter C 190 
 
 Harrison, Horace H 190 
 
 Harrison, John Scott 190 
 
 Harrison, Richard 190 
 
 HaiTifon, Richard A 190 
 
 Harrison, Robert Hanson 190 
 
 Harrison, S. S 190 
 
 Harri-on, William 190 
 
 Harrison. William Henry 190 
 
 Hart. Emanuel B 190 
 
 Hart. John 190 
 
 Hart, O. B 191 
 
 Hart, Roswell 191 
 
 Hartley, John P 191 
 
 Hartley, Thomas 191 
 
 Hartranft, Jolin Frederick 191 
 
 Hartridge, Julian 191 
 
 Hartzell, William 191 
 
 Harvey, James E 191 
 
 Harvey, James M 191 
 
 Harvey, Jonathan 191 
 
 Harvey, Lewis P 191 
 
 Harvey, Matthew 191 
 
 Haivie, John 191 
 
 Hasbrouck, Abraham 191 
 
 Hasbiouck, Abraham B 192 
 
 Hasbrouck, Josiah 192 
 
 Hascall, Augustus P 192 
 
 Haskell, William T 192 
 
 Haskin, John B 192 
 
 Haslett. Joseph 192 
 
 Hassaurek. Frederick 192 
 
 Hassler. Ferdinand Rudolph 192 
 
 Hastings, George 192 
 
 Hastings, John 192 
 
 Hastings, Samuel Clinton 193 
 
 Hastings, Seth 192 
 
 Hastings, William Soden 192 
 
 Hatch, Israel T 192 
 
 Hatcher, Robert A 192 
 
 Hathaway, Sanmel G 192 
 
 Hathorn, Henry H 192 
 
 Hatliorn, John 193 
 
 Hatton. Robert 193 
 
 Haughey, ThomOB 193 
 
 Hann, H. P 193 
 
 Haven, Nathaniel A 193 
 
 Haven, Solomon G 193 
 
 Havens, Harrison E 193 
 
 Havens, Jonathan N 193 
 
 Hawes, Albert G 193 
 
 Hawes, Aylett 193 
 
 Hawes. Richard 193 
 
 Hawkes, James 193 
 
 Hawkins, Benjamin 193 
 
 Hawkins, George S 193 
 
 Hawkins, Isaac R 193 
 
 Hawkins, Joseph 193 
 
 Hawkins, Joseph H 193 
 
 Hawkins, M. T 193 
 
 Hawkins, Philemon 193 
 
 Hawkins, William 194 
 
 flawley, Cyrus M 194 
 
 Hawley, John B 194 
 
 Hawley, Joseph 194 
 
 Hawley, Joseph Roswell 194 
 
 Haws, J. H. Hobart 194 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel 194 
 
 Hay, Andrew K 191 
 
 Hay, George 194 
 
 Hay, John B 194 
 
 Hayden, Moses 194 
 
 Hayes, Alexander L 195 
 
 Hayes, Rutherford B 195 
 
 Hayes, Samuel 195 
 
 Hayinond, Thomas S 195 
 
 Haymond, W. S 195 
 
 Hayne, Arthur P 195 
 
 Hayne, Robert Y 195 
 
 Hayues, Charies E 195 
 
 Hays, Charies 195 
 
 Hays. L. Samuel 195 
 
 Hay ward, Elijah 196 
 
 Haywood, William H., Jr 195 
 
 Hazord, Ebcnezer 195 
 
 Hazard, Jcmalhan 196 
 
 Hazard, Nathaniel 196 
 
 Hiizeliine, Abner 19B 
 
 Hazeltou, Gerry W 196 
 
 Hazellon, ,Tohn W 196 
 
 Haziard, David 196 
 
 Healy, Joseph 196 
 
 Heath, James E 19ii 
 
 Heath, James P 198 
 
 Heath, John 196 
 
 Healh, Upton S 196 
 
 Heaton, David 196 
 
 Hehard, William 196 
 
 Heflin. Robert S 196 
 
 Heister, Daniel 196 
 
 Heister, Daniel 196 
 
 Heister, John 196 
 
 Heister, Joseph 196 
 
 Heister, William 197 
 
 Helm, John Larue 197 
 
 Helmick. William 197 
 
 Helms, William 197 
 
 Hemphill, John 197 
 
 Hemphill, Joseph 197 
 
 H.mpstead. Edward 197 
 
 Hempstead, Stephen 197 
 
 Hemsley. William 197 
 
 Hendee, George Whitman 197 
 
 Henderson, Archibald 197 
 
 Henderson, Bennett H 197 
 
664 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Hen dersou, John 197 
 
 Hendersiin, John B 197 
 
 Henderson, John H. D 
 
 Henclereon, Joseph 
 
 Henderson, J. Pinckney 
 
 Henderson, Leonard 198 
 
 Henderson, Samnel 198 
 
 Henderson, Thomas 198 
 
 Henderson, Thomas J '. 198 
 
 Hendricks. Thomas A ms 
 
 Hendricks. William 198 
 
 Helikle, Eli Jones 198 
 
 Heuley, Thomas J 199 
 
 Henn, Bcrnhnvt 199 
 
 Hennegan, B. K 
 
 Henry, James 199 
 
 Henry, John 199 
 
 Henry. John P 
 
 Hen IV, Joseph 
 
 Henry, Patrick 199 
 
 Henry. Rohert P '"" 
 
 Henry, Thomas 199 
 
 Henry, William 
 
 Henry. William 
 
 Henshaw, David 200 
 
 Henson. Abraham 
 
 Herhet, John C 200 
 
 Herbert, Paul 200 
 
 Herbert, Philip T 200 
 
 Hereford, Frank 200 
 
 Herkimer, John 200 
 
 Hernandez. Joseph M 200 
 
 Herod. WilliMm 200 
 
 Herndon, William Lewis 200 
 
 Herndon, William S 200 
 
 Herrick, Anson 2ll0 
 
 Herrick, Kbenezer 200 
 
 Herrick. Joshua 200 
 
 Herrick, Richard P 2(10 
 
 Herrick, Samuel 201 
 
 Herrint', Elbert 201 
 
 flersey, Samuel F... 201 
 
 Hewes, .loseph 2(11 
 
 Hewitt, Aliram Stevens 201 
 
 Hewitt, C. C 201 
 
 Hewitt, fJoldsmith W 201 
 
 Hey ward, Thomas 201 
 
 Heyward, William, Jr 201 
 
 Hibbard. Ellery A 201 
 
 Hibbard, Harry 201 
 
 Hibshman, Jacob 202 
 
 Hlckcy. Thomas M 202 
 
 Hickman. John 202 
 
 Hicks, Thomas Hollyday 202 
 
 Hie.ster, Isaac Ellmaker 202 
 
 Higby. William 202 
 
 Hisirinson. Stephen 202 
 
 Hilirard, Julius E 202 
 
 Hill, Benjamin H 202 
 
 Hill, Clements 202 
 
 Hill, Hush Clement 202 
 
 Hill,Hu>!hL. W 202 
 
 Hill. Isiiac 2(12 
 
 Hill, John 20.3 
 
 Hill. J,.lm 203 
 
 Hill, John 2(13 
 
 H i 1 1 . Jo- h ua 203 
 
 Hill, MiukL 203 
 
 Hill, Ralph 203 
 
 Hill, Robert Andrews 203 
 
 Hill. Thomas 2ii3 
 
 Hill. Whitmell 203 
 
 Hill, William H 203 
 
 .-Hillesras. Michael 203 
 
 Hillen. Solomon, Jr 203 
 
 Hillhouse, James 203 
 
 Hillhonse. William 204 
 
 Hilliai-d, Henry W 204 
 
 Hillyer, Edgar Winters 204 
 
 Hillver, Junius 204 
 
 Hindman, Thomas C 204 
 
 Hindiuiin, William 204 
 
 Hinds. James 204 
 
 Hinds. Thomas 204 
 
 Hines, Richard 204 
 
 Hinmnn, John 204 
 
 Hise. Elijah 204 
 
 Hitchcock, Peter 204 
 
 Hitchcock, PhinciisW 2(14 
 
 Hitchcoik, Samuel 205 
 
 Hoae. Truman H 205 
 
 HoaRlai.d, Mosea. 205 
 
 Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood 205 
 
 Hoar, Georee Frisbie 205 
 
 Hoar. Samuel 205 
 
 Hoard, Charles B 205 
 
 Hoban. James 205 
 
 Hob.irt, .^aron 205 
 
 Hobart, .lohli SIcss 205 
 
 Hobhie. S.lah R 205 
 
 Hodes. George T 206 
 
 Hodges, Asa 206 
 
 Hodges, Charles D 206 
 
 Hodges, James L 20(i 
 
 Hodges, S. H 206 
 
 Hoffman, Henry W 206 
 
 Hoffman, John T 206 
 
 Hoffman, Michael 206 
 
 Hofftuan, Ogden 206 
 
 Hoffman, Ogden 206 
 
 Hogan, Job n 206 
 
 Hogan, William 206 
 
 Hoge, John 20" 
 
 Hoge, Joseph P 
 
 Hoge, Solomon L 207 
 
 Hoge, William 207 
 
 Hogeboom, James L 207 
 
 Hogg, Samuel 207 
 
 Holbrook.E. D 
 
 Holbrook, Frederick 
 
 Holcomb. George 2[i7 
 
 Holden. Edward Singleton 207 
 
 Holden, William W " 
 
 Holladay, Alexanders 207 
 
 Holland, Cornelius 207 
 
 Holland, James 
 
 Holleman, Joel 
 
 Holley, Alexander H 207 
 
 Holley, John M 207 
 
 Hollisrer, Gideon H 207 
 
 Hollister, Madison E 20 
 
 Holloway, David P 20 
 
 Holly, Charles F 20 
 
 Holman, Jesse L 20 
 
 Holman, William S 20 
 
 Holmes, David 20 
 
 Holmes, Elias B 20 
 
 Holmes, Gabriel 20 
 
 Holmes, Isaac E 20 
 
 Holmes, John 20 
 
 Holmes, Sidney T 20 
 
 riolmes, Uriel 20 
 
 Holsev, Hopkins 20 
 
 Holt, Joseph 20 
 
 Holt, J. J 209 
 
 Holt. Orrin 
 
 Holten. Samuel 209 
 
 Hook, Enos 209 
 
 Hooker, Charles E 209 
 
 Hooks, Charles 2i,9 
 
 Hoo'.jer, John W 209 
 
 Hooper, Samuel 209 
 
 Hooper, William 209 
 
 Hooper, W. H 209 
 
 Hopkins, Benjamin F 209 
 
 Hopkins, Geor^'e W 209 
 
 Hopkins, James C 210 
 
 Hopkins, James Herron 210 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel 210 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel M 210 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen 210 
 
 Hopkinson, Francis 210 
 
 Hopkinson. Joseph 210 
 
 Hoppin, William W 210 
 
 Horn. Henry 210 
 
 Hiirnbeck, John W SlO 
 
 Hornblower, Joseph C 210 
 
 Hornblower, Josiah 210 
 
 Horsey, Oiitcrbridge 211 
 
 Horton, Thomas R 211 
 
 Horton, Valentine B 211 
 
 Hoffoid, Jedediah 211 
 
 Hoskins, George G 211 
 
 Hosmer, Hezekiah L 211 
 
 Hosmer, H. L 211 
 
 Hosmer, Stephen Titus 211" 
 
 Hosmer, Titus 211 
 
 Hosletter, Jacob 211 
 
 Hotchkiss. Giles W 211 
 
 Hotchkisp, Julius 211 
 
 Houck, Jacob, Jr 211 
 
 Hough, David 21 1 
 
 HoUL'h, William J 211 
 
 Houghton, Sherman 211 
 
 House, John F 211 
 
 Houston, Georges 211 
 
 Houston, James 212 
 
 Houston, John 212 
 
 Houston, John W 212 
 
 Houston, Sam 212 
 
 Houston, William 212 
 
 Houston, William C 212 
 
 llovey, Alvin P 218 
 
 Howard, Benjamin 212 
 
 Howard, Benjamin C 212 
 
 Howard, George, 213 
 
 Howard, Heltry 213 
 
 Howard. Jacob M 213 
 
 Howard, .John Eager 213 
 
 Howard. Tilgbmnn A 213 
 
 Howard, Volnev E 213 
 
 Howard, William, 213 
 
 Howard, William A 213 
 
 Howe, Albert R 213 
 
 Howe, James H 213 
 
 Howe, John W 213 
 
 Howe, Thomas M 214 
 
 Howe, Thomas Y., Jr 214 
 
 Howe. Timothy 214 
 
 Howell, David 214 
 
 Howell, Edward 214 
 
 Howell, Elias 214 
 
 Howell, James B 214 
 
 Howell, Jeremiah B 214 
 
 Howell, Nat haniel 214 
 
 Howell, Richard 214 
 
 Howell, William F 214 
 
 Howland. Benjamin 214 
 
 Howley, Eichaid 214 
 
 Hubard, Edmund W 214 
 
 Hubbard, Asuhel W 214 
 
 Hubbard, ChesterD 214 
 
 Hubbard, David 214 
 
 Hubbard, Denias Jr 215 
 
 Hubbard, Henry 215 
 
 Hubbard, John 215 
 
 Hubbard. John H 215 
 
 Hubbard, Jcuiathan H 215 
 
 Hubbard, Joseph Stillman 215 
 
 Hubbard, Levi 215 
 
 Hubbard, Richard D 215 
 
 Hubbard, Samuel Dickinson 515 
 
 Hubbard, Thomas H 215 
 
 Hubbell, Edwin N 215 
 
 Hubbell, James K S15 
 
 Hubbell, .Jay A 215 
 
 Hubbell. Sidney A 216 
 
 Hubbell, William S 216 
 
 Hubley. Edward B 216 
 
 Hudson, Charles 216 
 
 Hudson, Silas A 216 
 
 Hiltty, Jacob 216 
 
 Huger, Benjamin 216 
 
 Huger, Daniel 216 
 
 Huger, Daniel Elliot 316 
 
 Hughes, Charles 216 
 
 Hughes, Christopher 216 
 
 Hughes, George W 216 
 
 Hughes, James 216 
 
 Hughes, James M 216 
 
 Hughes, Robert W 216 
 
 Hughes, Thomas H 216 
 
 Hiighsion, Jonas A 216 
 
 Hugnnin, Daniel, Jr 216 
 
 Hulbert, John W 217 
 
 Hulburd, Calvin T 217 
 
 Hnlbnrd, Hiland E 217 
 
 Hull, William 217 
 
 Humphrey, Charles 217 
 
 Humphrey, James 217 
 
 Humphrey, J. M 217 
 
 Humphrey, Reuben 217 
 
 Humphreys, Charles 217 
 
 Humphreys, David 217 
 
 Humphreys, David C 217 
 
 Humphreys, Jacob 217 
 
 Humphreys, PerrvW 217 
 
 Huinpries. Benjamin G 217 
 
 Hungerford, John P 217 
 
 Hungerlord, Orville 217 
 
 Hunt, Hiram P 217 
 
 Hunt, James B 217 
 
 Hunt, Jonathan 218 
 
 Hunt, Samuel 218 
 
 Hunt, Theodore G 2l8 
 
 Hunt, Ward 218 
 
 Hunt, Washington 218 
 
 Hunter, John 218 
 
 Hunter, John W 218 
 
 Hunter, Morton C 218 
 
 Hunter, Naisworthy 218 
 
 Hnnler, Robert M. T 218 
 
 Hunter, Taliaferro 218 
 
 Hunter, William 213 
 
 Hunter, William S18 
 
 Hunter, William 218 
 
 Hunter, William F 219 
 
 Hunter, William H 219 
 
 Huntington, Abel 219 
 
 Huntington, Benjamin 219 
 
 Huntin!;ton, Ebenezer 219 
 
 Huntington, Elisha M 219 
 
 HunlinL-ion, E. M 219 
 
 Huntington, Jabez W 219 
 
 Huntington, Samuel 219 
 
 Huntington, Samuel 219 
 
 Huntington, Samuel 219 
 
 Hnnton, Eppa 219 
 
 Hunton, Jonathan G 219 
 
 Huntsman, Adam 219 
 
 Hurd, Frank Hunt 219 
 
 Hurlbut, Stephen A 219 
 
 Hntchins, John 220 
 
 Hutchins, Wells A 220 
 
 Hutson, Richard 220 
 
 Huyler, John 220 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 6C5 
 
 Hyde, Ii-a B 
 
 Hynian, John Adan 
 
 Ihri.-, Pete 
 
 Il^U 
 
 , Da 
 
 el. 
 
 Imla V, James H 
 
 Ineails, John James 
 
 InJ., sanniel W 
 
 In"e, William M 
 
 Ingersoll, CharU-8 Anthony 
 
 Ingerjoll, Cliarles J 
 
 Ingersoll, Charles R 
 
 Ingeisoll, Colin M 
 
 Ingersoll, El)on C 
 
 Ingersoll, Jared 
 
 Inzerpoll, Jonalhan 
 
 Inoeieoll. Joseph R 
 
 InSersoll. Ralph J 
 
 Inc'ham, Samuel 
 
 In'liam. Samuel D 
 
 Innes. Harry 
 
 Iredell, Jauiea 
 
 Irish. Georje. 
 
 Irvin, Alexander 
 
 Irvin.David 
 
 Irvin, James 
 
 Irvin. William W 
 
 Irvine, William 
 
 Irvine, William 
 
 Irvinj, Washington 
 
 Irving, William 
 
 Ir«in, Jared 
 
 Irwin, Thomas 
 
 Irwin, William 
 
 Irwin, William W 
 
 Isarks. Jacob C 
 
 Iverson, Alfred 
 
 Ives, Joseph C 
 
 Ives, Willard 
 
 Izard, George 
 
 Uard.MarkW 
 
 Izar.l, Ralph 
 
 Jack. William 
 
 Jackson, Andrew 
 
 Jiickson, Charles 
 
 Jackson, Charles. 
 
 Jackson, Claihorne F 
 
 Jackson. David 
 
 J„ckson, David S.... 
 
 Jackson, Rhenezer. Jr 
 
 Jackson. Edward B 
 
 Jackson, nancock 
 
 Jackson. Henry 
 
 Jackson, Henry Rootes 
 
 Jackson, Isaac Raud 
 
 Jackson, Jabez 
 
 Jack«on, James 
 
 J,ick<on. James 
 
 Jackson, James S 
 
 Jickson, JohuG.... 
 
 Jackson. John J., Jr 
 
 Jackson, Jonathan. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph W 
 
 Jack«on. Richard, Jr 
 
 Jnckson. Thomas B 
 
 Jack'on, William 
 
 J.ickson. W. T 
 
 Jacob. John J 
 
 Jacob, Stephen 
 
 Jacobs, Israel 
 
 Jacobs, Orange 
 
 Jacobs, S.D 
 
 James, Charles T 
 
 James, I^rancis 
 
 .Tames. William H 
 
 Jameson, John 
 
 Janes. Henry P 
 
 Jarnngin. Spencer 
 
 Jarvis. Leonard 
 
 Jay. John 
 
 Jav. John 
 
 Javnc, William 
 
 jr-ffrT-on. Thomas 
 
 Ji'ffries, Noah L 
 
 Jeiickcs. Thomas A 
 
 Jenilcr. Daniel, of St. Thomas. 
 Jsnjfer. Daniel. 
 
 Silas H 
 
 s. Albert G.... 
 
 s. Charles J... 
 
 S.Lemuel 
 
 «, Hobert 
 
 s, Timothy.... 
 
 Georue A 
 
 Joseph 
 
 Michael H .. 
 J,.n..es, BenningW. 
 
 Jennini'S. Daviil 
 
 Jennin''s. Jonathan. 
 
 Jewel. Harvey 
 
 Jewell, Marshall — 
 
 Je 
 
 Jenkii 
 Jenkii 
 Jei.ki. 
 Jenkii 
 Jenki 
 Jenk- 
 Jenks 
 
 Jewett.C. C 
 
 Jevvett, Charles C 
 
 Jewett, Freeborn G 
 
 Jewett,Hugh J 
 
 Jewett, Joshua H 
 
 Jewett, Luther 
 
 Jewett, Albert G 
 
 Johns, Kensey 
 
 Johnson, Alexander S 
 
 Jolinson, Andrew 
 
 Johnson, Benjamin 
 
 Johnson, Cave 
 
 Johnson, David 
 
 Johnson, D. B 
 
 Johnson, Francis 
 
 Johnson, Franklin 
 
 Johnson, Harvey H 
 
 Johnson, Henry 
 
 Johnson, Herschell V 
 
 Johnson, Hczekiah S 
 
 Johnson, Isaac 
 
 Johnson, James 
 
 Johnson, James 
 
 Johnson, James 
 
 Johnson, James A 
 
 Jolinson, James H 
 
 Johnson, James L 
 
 Johnson, Jeromus 
 
 Johnson, John 
 
 Johnson, .lohn T 
 
 Johnson , Joseph 
 
 Johnson, J. Neely 
 
 Johnson, Noadiah 
 
 Johnson, Perely B 
 
 Johnson, Philip 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy 
 
 Johnson, Richard M 
 
 Johnson, Robert 
 
 Johnson, Robert W 
 
 Johnson, Thomas 
 
 Johnson, Waldo P 
 
 Johnson, William 
 
 Johnson, William ...... 
 
 Johnson, William Cost 
 
 Johnson, William S 
 
 Johnston, Charles 
 
 Johnston, Charles 
 
 Johnston, Charles C 
 
 Johnston, John W 
 
 Johnston, Josiah S 
 
 Johnston, Samuel 
 
 Johnston, William F 
 
 Jones, Alexander H 
 
 Jones, Allen 
 
 Jones. Benjamin 
 
 Jones, Charles W 
 
 Jones, Daniel T 
 
 Jones, Francis 
 
 Jones, George 
 
 Jones, George W 
 
 Jones, George W 
 
 Jones, Horatio 
 
 Jones. Isaac D 
 
 Jones, James 
 
 J(mes, James 
 
 Jones, James C 
 
 Jones, J. Glancy 
 
 Jones, Joel 
 
 Jones, John J 
 
 Jones, John P 
 
 Jones, John W 
 
 Jones, John W 
 
 Jones, Joseph 
 
 Jones, J. M ; 
 
 ,Iones, J. Russell 
 
 Jones, Morgan 
 
 Jones, Nathaniel 
 
 Jones, Noble Wimberly .. 
 
 Jones, Obadiah 
 
 Jones, Owen 
 
 Jones, Roland 
 
 Jones, Samuel 
 
 .Tones, Samuel. Jr 
 
 Jones, Seaboni 
 
 es, Thomas Laurens. 
 
 „„..es, Walter 
 
 Jones, Walter 
 
 .Tones, William 
 
 Jones. William 
 
 Jones, William G 
 
 Jones, William T 
 
 Jones, Willie 
 
 .loidon, Dillon 
 
 Jordon. Edward 
 
 Joyce. Charles Herbert.. 
 
 Judd, Norman B 
 
 Judson, Andrew T 
 
 Julian , George W 
 
 Jiinkin, Benjamin T.... 
 
 Kalbfleish. Martin 
 
 Kane, Elias K 
 
 I Kane, John K 
 
 Kasson, John A 
 
 Kaulman. David S 
 
 Kavanagh, Edward... 
 
 Kean, John 
 
 Kearney, Dyre 
 
 Keese, Richard 
 
 Kehr. Edward C 
 
 Keim, George May ... 
 Keim, William High., 
 
 Keith, Renel 
 
 Keitt. Lawrence M.. 
 Kelley, William W.. 
 
 Kellogg, Charles 
 
 helloing, Francis W.. 
 Kellogg, Orlando 
 Kellogs, Stephen 
 Kellogg, William 
 
 W. 
 
 KLllogg, William Pitt... 
 
 Kelly, James 
 
 Kelly, James K 
 
 Kelly, John 
 
 Kelly, Milton 
 
 Kelly, William 
 
 Kelsey, William H 
 
 Kelso, Jolin R 
 
 Kemble, Gouverneur 
 
 Kemper. James L 
 
 Kempshall. Thomas 
 
 Kenan. Thomas 
 
 Kendall, Amos 
 
 Kendall, Charles West. 
 
 Kendall, Jonas 
 
 Kendall, Joseph G 
 
 ;dy, Andrew 
 
 Kennedy, Anthony 
 
 Kennedy, James K 
 
 Kennedy, John P ... 
 
 Kennedy, Joseph C. G. 
 
 Kennedy, William 
 
 Kennett, Luther M 
 
 Kennon, William 
 
 Kent. Edward 
 
 Kent, James 
 
 Kent, Joseph 
 
 Kent, Moss 
 
 Kent, William 
 
 Keiiyon. William S 
 
 Ker. David 
 
 Kernan, Francis 
 
 . John 
 
 kerri John 
 
 Kerr, John Bozman ... 
 
 Kerr, J<ihn L 
 
 Kerr, Joseph 
 
 Kerr, Michael C 
 
 Kerrigan, James E 
 
 Kershaw, John 
 
 Ketcham, John H 
 
 Ketchuin,Winthrop W 
 
 Key, David M 
 
 Key, Francis Scott ... 
 
 Key, Philip 
 
 Key, Philip Barton.... 
 
 Keyes, Elias 
 
 Kidder, David 
 
 Kidder. Jefferson P... 
 Kid well, ZedekiaU — 
 
 Kilbourn, James 
 
 Kilgoie, Daniel 
 
 Kilgore, David 
 
 Kille, Joseph 
 
 Killen, William 
 
 KiUiiiger, John W.... 
 Kilpatrick. Judson — 
 
 Kiliv, William 
 
 Kimball, Alanson M. . 
 
 Kincaid, John 
 
 King, Adam 
 
 King, Andrew 
 
 King, Austin A 
 
 King, Daniel Putnam, 
 
 King. Edward 
 
 King, George C 
 
 King, Henry 
 
 King, Horatio 
 
 King, James 
 
 King, James G 
 
 King, John 
 
 King, John A 
 
 King, John P 
 
 King. John W 
 
 King, Perkins 
 
 King, Preston. 
 
 .... 241 
 .... S41 
 .... 241 
 
 ir' R r s " " 
 
 242 
 
 King', Rufus 
 
 242 
 
 
 
 King, Samuel W 
 
 84.3 
 
 King, T. Butler 
 
 King, William 
 
 243 
 
 243 
 
 King, William R 
 
 King, William S 
 
 
666 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 King, Yelverton P 
 
 Kin^^■l)ul■y. William W.... 
 
 Kinlncli. Fraiicla 
 
 Kinmird, Qeorire L 
 
 Kinriej', Jnhn Fitch 
 
 Kiiiiicy, William B 
 
 Kitiselia, Thomaa 
 
 Kilist;y, Chnt-Jed 
 
 Kinsi V, Jamos 
 
 Kin -ley, Martin 
 
 Kiiby, Ephraira 
 
 Kirk, RdhertC 
 
 Kiilicr, Thomas 
 
 Kirkland. Joceph 
 
 Kirkpatrick. Andrew 
 
 Kirkpiiirick, Littleton 
 
 Kirkpatiick. William 
 
 Kirkwood. Samuel J,. .. 
 
 Kirlhiiirt, Dorrance 
 
 Kiicliell, Aaron 
 
 Kitchen. Betliucl M 
 
 Kitlera, John W 
 
 Kirtera, Thomas 
 
 KlttrcdL'C, Georce W 
 
 Kllii';en.-mith, John, Jr... 
 
 Knapii, Anthony L 
 
 Knapp, Charles 
 
 Knap|), Chaiincey L 
 
 Kn:l|ip, Jotieph G 
 
 Knapp, Kobert M 
 
 Knickerbocker, Herman... 
 
 Knii:ht, Jonathan 
 
 KhiKlit, Nehemiah 
 
 KniL'ht. NcheniiahK 
 
 Knoll, J. Proctor 
 
 Knovvles, Hiram 
 
 ,J.ihnP 
 
 Lattimore, William 250 
 
 Lanrens, Henry ',','[' 250 
 
 Law, John 251 
 
 Law, Jonathan ........ 251 
 
 Law, Lyman ' 861 
 
 Law. Richard 251 
 
 Lawler, Joab 251 
 
 Lawrence, Abbot 251 
 
 Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck. . . 251 
 
 Lawrence, George V 251 
 
 Lawrence, John 252 
 
 Lawrence, John W 252 
 
 Lawrence, Joseph 252 
 
 Lawrence, Philip K ' 252 
 
 Lawrence, Samuel '.' 252 
 
 Lawrence, Sidney ' 252 
 
 Lawrence, William '..'.'. 258 
 
 , Wil 
 
 Lawrence, William Beach 
 
 Lawrence, William T 252 
 
 Lawrence, William W: 252 
 
 Law8on,John D ' 252 
 
 Lawyer, Thomas ass 
 
 Lay, George W :..:::.:: 2.53 
 
 Lazear, Jc-ise 253 
 
 Lea, John M . . . . 2.53 
 
 Lw'.Luke '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 253 
 
 I"!"' Li'l-e 253 
 
 Lia.Pryor 253 
 
 Leach, De Witt C 253 
 
 246 
 
 Kn 
 
 Knowllc, 
 
 Kno 
 
 Kno __ 
 
 Knox, John Jay '.'.'.".'.'.".. 24(1 
 
 Knox, Saninel ,' .." 24fi 
 
 Koeriier. Gustaviiis 246 
 
 Koontz. William H 246 
 
 Krelip. Jacob 246 
 
 Krckil, Arnold 246 
 
 Kremcr, George 246 
 
 Kiihns, Joseph H 246 
 
 Kuitkel, Jacob M 246 
 
 Knnkel. JohnC " 246 
 
 Kurtz, William H ']' 246 
 
 Kn.vkendall, Andrew Z 246 
 
 L.'iblaiiche, Alcee 246 
 
 Lacork. -Abner 246 
 
 Lacv, Thomas J ".'.... 2-16 
 
 La flow. George A '.'.*.''. 246 
 
 L.-iflirr, Addison H '..*.' 247 
 
 La Inn. Saninel \_[[ 247 
 
 Lake, William A ".'.'.'.*.".'.' 247 
 
 Lamar, Henry G '".'.'.'.'.'. 247 
 
 Lamar, Lucius Q. C .".'.'.* 247 
 
 Lamar, Miiabeau B ......!.. 247 
 
 Lamb, Alfred W [[ 247 
 
 Lambert, John '.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 247 
 
 Lamison, Charles N 247 
 
 Lamoiit, Georffc D 247 
 
 Lamport. William H .'.'.', 247 
 
 Lancaster, Columbia [[]'_ 247 
 
 Lniidi-r, Eflward '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 247 
 
 Landers. Franklin ."."."."."" 248 
 
 Landeis, G. M . 848 
 
 Landruni. John M ". ng 
 
 Landry, J. Aristide ..' 248 
 
 Landy, James '"' 248 
 
 Lane. Amos 248 
 
 Lane. Ebenezer '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 248 
 
 Lane, George W '.'.'.'.'. 248 
 
 Lane, Henry S ''.'.'.'.'.'.'. 248 
 
 Lane, James Henry '.'.'.'.'.'. 248 
 
 Lane, Jo-*eph \ 248 
 
 Lane, La Fayette 249 
 
 Lane. Samuel 249 
 
 Langdon, Chauncey ','.'.' 249 
 
 Lan>;(loii, John ' " 249 
 
 Langdon, Woodbury '. 249 
 
 LaiiL'worthy, Edward 249 
 
 Lanmari. James 249 
 
 Lansing, Gi-rit Y 249 
 
 Lnnsing, .John 249 
 
 Lan-iiii^, William E 24!) 
 
 Laphnm. Elbridge Gerry '. 249 
 
 Leach, James M 
 
 Leadbetter, D. P 
 
 Leake, shelton F.. 
 Leake, Walter. 
 
 Lear, Tobias '.'..'..'!.' 
 
 Learned, Amasa . . 
 
 Leary. Coinelins L.' L 
 
 Leavenworih, Elias Warner 
 Leavitt, Humphrey H 
 
 Laporte, John 
 
 Larned, Samuel 
 
 Lamed, Simon 
 
 Larrabie, Charles H., 
 
 La Sere. Emile 
 
 Lash. Israel G 
 
 Latham, G.or^e R . 
 Latham, Milton 8.... 
 
 Lnthrop Samuel 
 
 Latl-obe, Benjamin H 
 LatiiniL-r, Henry 
 
 2.50 
 
 . 2.53 
 .. 2.54 
 
 ^....j . 2,i4 
 
 Le Blond, Francis C 954 
 
 Leconipte, Joseph 254 
 
 Lecompte, Samuel D 254 
 
 Lee, Arthur 354 
 
 Lee, Charles '.'.'.'.".*.*.'.".'.'.".'.'.' 254 
 
 Lee, Francis Lightfoot! ............ 254 
 
 Lee, Gideon 254 
 
 Lee, Henry '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 254 
 
 Lee, Henry B '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'..'. 255 
 
 Lee, John "..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'" 255 
 
 Lee, Joshua 2.55 
 
 Lee, M. Lindley '"' 255 
 
 Lee, Richard Bland .''. 255 
 
 Lee, Richard Henry ' 255 
 
 Lee, Silas 255 
 
 Lee, Thomas '.'.'.'.'. 255 
 
 Lee. Thomas ] .' 255 
 
 Lee, Thomas Ludwill .]...].... 255 
 
 Lee, Thomas Sim 255 
 
 Lee, William ......'.". 2.55 
 
 Lee, William * 255 
 
 Lee. Z. Collins *.'.!*.'.." 255 
 
 Leet, Isaac .'.'."'," 256 
 
 Lef evre, Joseph ...!!!!. 256 
 
 LefTerts, John .' 256 
 
 LefHer, Isaac *.\" 256 
 
 Leffler, Shepherd !'.*.'..".'.'.! 256 
 
 Lef I Mich, Jabcz '..'.'.','.* 256 
 
 Lefiwich, John W .'.''. 256 
 
 Legnre, Hugh Swinton " 256 
 
 Lei,'geti. Mortimer D 2.56 
 
 Lehman, William E '. 256 
 
 Leib, Michael " 256 
 
 Lewis, Meri weather 
 
 Lewis, Morgan 
 
 Lewis, Selh 
 
 Lewis, Thomas 
 
 Lewis, Thomas 
 
 Lewis, William 
 
 Lewis, William J 
 
 L'Hommedieu, Ezra 
 
 Ligon, Thomas Waikins.. . 
 
 Lilly, Samuel ^^^ 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham '..'.'.'. 259 
 
 .. 259 
 
 .. 259 
 
 Leib. Om 
 
 iD. 
 
 256 
 
 Leidy. Paul ]][[ 25(i 
 
 Leigh, Benjamin Watkine 256 
 
 Lei jicr, George G. . . . ; 2.57 
 
 Lelter, Benjamin F 257 
 
 Lenl, James 257 
 
 Leonard, George .['.'. 257 
 
 Leonard, Moses G 257 
 
 Leonard, Stephen B " 857 
 
 Leslie, Pre.'iton H 257 
 
 Letcher, John 2.57 
 
 Letcher, Robert P \[ S57 
 
 Leuize, Emanuel 257 
 
 Levin, Lewis C .......'.'. S57 
 
 Levy, William Mallory 2.57 
 
 Lewis, Abner 257 
 
 Lewis, Barbour 557 
 
 Lewis, Burwell B 258 
 
 Lewis, Charles H 258 
 
 Lewis, D,ivid P 258 
 
 Lewis, Dixon H 2.58 
 
 Lewis. Ellis 258 
 
 Lewis, Francis ". 258 
 
 Lewis, James T [] 258 
 
 Lewis, John F '...'.'.'.'.'..'.'. 258 
 
 Lewis, Joseiih. Jr ".'.'.'.'.'.'. 'i59 
 
 Lewis, Joseph H '..'.'.', 258 
 
 Lowis, Joseph J '.'.,. 9.58 
 
 Lewis, Joseph R 25« 
 
 Lewis, Joshua. 258 
 
 Lincoln, Enoch 
 
 Lincoln. Levi 259 
 
 Lincoln, Levi ".'."." '259 
 
 Lincoln, William S 960 
 
 Lindley, James J 260 
 
 Lindsay, Robert B 260 
 
 Lindsley, William D .' ago 
 
 Linn, Archibald L atjo 
 
 Linn, James ] 860 
 
 Linn. John [ 260 
 
 Linn. Lewis F ','.'.'.'.".'. 260 
 
 Lippitt, Henry ....!!.!! 260 
 
 Lispenard, Leonard 260 
 
 Litclifield, Elisha 260 
 
 Litlle, Edward P 260 
 
 Little, Peter " 26O 
 
 Litilefleld, Nathaniel S aso 
 
 Littlejohn, De Witt C 260 
 
 Liverniore, Arthur 260 
 
 Livcrmore, Edward St. Loe .'..' 260 
 
 Livcrmorc, Samuel 260 
 
 Livingston, Brockholst 261 
 
 Livingston, Edward 261 
 
 Livingston, Henry Walter 261 
 
 Livingston, Philip 261 
 
 Livingsion, Robert Le Roy 261 
 
 Livingston, Robert R 261 
 
 Livingston, Van Brugh 861 
 
 Livingston, Walter 261 
 
 Livingston, William ...'.'." 261 
 
 Lloyd, Edward 861 
 
 Lloyd, James 261 
 
 Lloyd. James '[[ 26I 
 
 Loan. Benjamin F ! 262 
 
 Locke, Francis .,'/, 262 
 
 Locke, James W 262 
 
 Locke. John 262 
 
 Locke, Matthew 263 
 
 Locke, Powhattan B 262 
 
 Lockhart, James 862 
 
 Lockwood, Henry A ..,' 262 
 
 Lockwood, William F 262 
 
 Logan, Cornelius A 262 
 
 Logan, George 262 
 
 Logan, Henry ". 262 
 
 Logan, John A 262 
 
 Logan, William '. 262 
 
 Loflaud, James R 263 
 
 Long, Alexander 263 
 
 Long, EdwardH 863 
 
 Long, John 263 
 
 Long. Pierce \ a63 
 
 Long, Stephen Harriman 263 
 
 Longfellow, Stephen 263 
 
 Longnecker, Henry C 363 
 
 Longyear, John W 263 
 
 Looker, Othniel 263 
 
 Loomis, Arphaxad 263 
 
 Looniis, D» ight 263 
 
 Lord, Frederick W 264 
 
 Lord, Scott 264 
 
 Lor'iig, Edward G 864 
 
 Loughridge, William 864 
 
 Love, James 264 
 
 Love, James M 264 
 
 Love, John 864 
 
 Love.PeterE 864 
 
 Love, Thomas C 264 
 
 Loie, William C ! . 264 
 
 Lovejoy. Owen 964 
 
 Lovell, James 264 
 
 Lovell, Louis S 264 
 
 Lovett, John 264 
 
 Low, Frederick F 864 
 
 Low, Isaac 965 
 
 Lowe, David P .' 865 
 
 Lowe, Enoch L 265 
 
 Lowe, RalphP 265 
 
 Lowell. John 865 
 
 Lowell, John 265 
 
 Lowell. Joshua A 265 
 
 Lower, Christian .'. 265 
 
 Lowndes, Lloyd, Jr 265 
 
 Lowndes, Thomas 265 
 
 Lowndes. William 265 
 
 Lowric, Walter 26.5 
 
 Lowrie, Walter H 265 
 
 Loyall. George 265 
 
 L'.bbeck,F.R 265 
 
 Lucas, Edward 265 
 
 Lucas, John B. ...'. 865 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 667 
 
 Li:cas, Robert 266 
 
 Liicii^. Williiiin am 
 
 Lumpkin, John H 2il6 
 
 Luiii|)kin. Wilson 2K0 
 
 Lullrell, Jiilin K 2H(i 
 
 Lvie, Aiiran 26« 
 
 Lymi:il, Jiwepll S '.'BH 
 
 Lyman, Samuel ai6 
 
 Lvin;iii, William 26fi 
 
 Lj-mii, Charles 2W 
 
 L> nth. John 2H() 
 
 Lynch, J..hnR 2K6 
 
 Lynch, Thomas 2fi6 
 
 Lvinh, Thiimas. Jr 2iiB 
 
 Lynik'. William Pitt 2Wi 
 
 Lymlon, Josiah 2(>7 
 
 Lyi.u, Ass 2li7 
 
 Lynn, Caleb, of Lyondale 2W 
 
 Lyoii, Chittenden 2m 
 
 Lvoii, FraiiciaS 2B7 
 
 Lyon, Lucius 2H7 
 
 Lynn, Matthew 2i;r 
 
 Lvrnis, HA 2H7 
 
 Lyllp, Robert T 2B7 
 
 MucDonald, Mopes 2i.8 
 
 MucDoiii.'all, Clinton D 2fi8 
 
 Mace, Uaniel 2 i8 
 
 Marheri, Willis B SB8 
 
 Maehir, .lames 2B8 
 
 Mackey, Edmund W, M 26S 
 
 Markey, L. A 2B8 
 
 Maclaiiahin, James X 2B8 
 
 Maclav, Samuel 2B8 
 
 Mdclav, William 2B8 
 
 Macla'y, William 2B8 
 
 Miclay, William B 2B8 
 
 Maclay, William P 2ii8 
 
 Macou, Nathnniel 2B8 
 
 Macveash, Wayne 2B9 
 
 Mary,JohnB 2HH 
 
 Madison, Georse 2B11 
 
 Madison, James 26!) 
 
 Masee, John 26« 
 
 Maaee, John A 269 
 
 MasiU, Charles 2119 
 
 Maiiiinis, Mariin 269 
 
 Ma^iffln, Beriah 269 
 
 Magoon, Henry S 269 
 
 Maiirath, A. G 269 
 
 Mugruder, Allan B 2«9 
 
 Ma.'riKler, Patrick 269 
 
 Magnider, Richard B 2B9 
 
 MalKin, David W 270 
 
 Maish, Levi 270 
 
 Malboue, Francis 27U 
 
 Mallary, Rollin C 270 
 
 Mallory, Francis 270 
 
 Mallory, Meredith 270 
 
 Malhnv, Robert 270 
 
 Mallory, Rufus 270 
 
 Mallory, Stephen R 270 
 
 Manium. Willie P 270 
 
 Manly, Charles 270 
 
 Mann, Abijah, Jr 270 
 
 Mann, A. Dudley 2-0 
 
 Mann, Horace 270 
 
 Mann, Job 271 
 
 Mann. Joel K 271 
 
 Manning, James 271 
 
 Manning, John, Jr 271 
 
 MannlnL', John L 271 
 
 Maiming, Richard, Jr 271 
 
 Manson. Mahlon D 271 
 
 Manypenny, George W 271 
 
 Marable, John H 271 
 
 Marchand, Albert G 271 
 
 Marchand, David 271 
 
 Marchant, Henry 271 
 
 Marchbanks, Andrew J 271 
 
 Marcy, Daniel 271 
 
 Many. Randolph B 271 
 
 Maicv, William Learned 272 
 
 Mardis, Samuel W 272 
 
 Marion. Robert 272 
 
 Markbreit. Leopold 272 
 
 Markell, Henry 272 
 
 Markell, Jacob 272 
 
 Mirklev, Philip S 272 
 
 Marks. 'William 272 
 
 Marling. John L 272 
 
 Marquetle, T. M 272 
 
 Marr, Alem 272 
 
 Marr, Geors/e W. L 272 
 
 Marron, John 272 
 
 Marrow, John 272 
 
 Marsh, Charles 272 
 
 Marsh. Georje P 272 
 
 Maivhill, Alexander K 272 
 
 Marshall. Allred 273 
 
 Mar-hall, Christopher 273 
 
 Marshall, Edward C 273 
 
 Marshall, Humphrey 273 
 
 Marshall, Humphrey 273 
 
 Marshall, Jaine.s 273 
 
 Marshall, John 273 
 
 Marshall, John James 273 
 
 Marshall, Samuel S 273 
 
 Marshall, Thomas A 273 
 
 Marshall, Thomas F 2T3 
 
 Marshall, Wm. R 274 
 
 Marston, Gilman 274 
 
 Martin, Alexander 274 
 
 Marti n , Barclay 274 
 
 Martin, Charles D 274 
 
 Martin, Daniel 274 
 
 Mariin, Elbert S 274 
 
 Martin, Francois Xavier 274 
 
 Martin, Fredericks 274 
 
 Mariin. George 271 
 
 Martin.JamesS 274 
 
 Martin, John 274 
 
 Mariin, John Jacob 274 
 
 Martin, John P 274 
 
 Martin, Joshua L 275 
 
 Martin. Josiah 27.'j 
 
 Martin, Luther 27.5 
 
 Martin, Mor;:an L 273 
 
 Martin, Noah 275 
 
 Mariin, Robert N 275 
 
 Martin, William D 275 
 
 Martimlale, Henry C 275 
 
 Marvin, Dudley 275 
 
 Marvin, James M 275 
 
 Marvin, Richard P 27.i 
 
 Marvin, William 275 
 
 Mason, A rmistead Thomson 27.i 
 
 Masim, Charles 275 
 
 Mason, George 275 
 
 Mason, James B 275 
 
 Mason, James M 276 
 
 son, Jeremiah 276 
 
 Mason, John C 276 
 
 Mason, John Tbompsou 276 
 
 Mason, John Y 276 
 
 ason, Jonathan 276 
 
 iison, Moses 276 
 
 Mason, Samson 276 
 
 Mason. Stevens Thomson 276 
 
 Mason, Thomson 276 
 
 Mason, William 276 
 
 Masters, Josiah 27B 
 
 Mathews, Jamea 276 
 
 Mathews. Vincent 277 
 
 Mathewson, Elisha 277 
 
 Maihiot, Joshua 277 
 
 Matlack, .James 277 
 
 Mat lack, Timothy 277 
 
 Matson, Aaron 277 
 
 Matteson, Joel A 277 
 
 Mattcson, Orsamus B 277 
 
 Matthews, George 277 
 
 Matthews, George, Jr 277 
 
 Matthews, John 277 
 
 Matthews, William 277 
 
 Mattocks, John 277 
 
 Maltoim. Ebenezer 277 
 
 Maul, Joseph 277 
 
 Maurice. James 277 
 
 Maury, Abraham P 277 
 
 Maury, Matthew Fontaine 277 
 
 Maxey, S. B 27s 
 
 Maxi-y. Virgil 278 
 
 Maxwell. Augustus E 278 
 
 Maxwell, George C 278 
 
 Maxwell, J. P. B 278 
 
 Maxwell, Lewis 278 
 
 Maxwell, Thomas 278 
 
 May, Henry 278 
 
 May, William L 278 
 
 Mayall, Samuel 278 
 
 Mayer, Charles F 27S 
 
 Mayham, S. L 278 
 
 Maynard, Horace 278 
 
 Maynard. John 279 
 
 Mayrant, 'Wtlliam 279 
 
 McAfee, Robert B 279 
 
 McAllister, Archibald 279 
 
 McAllister, Matthew Hull 279 
 
 McArthnr, Arthur 279 
 
 McArthur, Duncan 279 
 
 McBride, James 279 
 
 McBride, John R 279 
 
 McCaleb, Theodore H 279 
 
 McCalla. John 279 
 
 McCalmont. Alfred B 279 
 
 McCanrtless. Wilson 279 
 
 McCarthy, Dennis 279 
 
 McCarty, Andrew Z 
 
 McCarty. Jonathan 
 
 McCarty, Richard 280 
 
 McCarty, William M 280 
 
 McCanslen. William C 280 
 
 McClean, Moses 580 
 
 McClellan, Abraham 280 
 
 McClellan, George Briiiton 280 
 
 McClellan, Robert 2S0 
 
 McClelland, Rohert 280. 
 
 McClelland, William 280 
 
 McClenachan. Blair 280 
 
 McClene. James 280 
 
 McCl.-mand. John A 280 
 
 McClung, Alexander K 280 
 
 McClung, William 280 
 
 McCliirg, Jos-ph W 280 
 
 McCcnnas, William 281 
 
 McComb. Eleazer 281 
 
 McConihe. Isaac 28t 
 
 McConnell. Felix G 281 
 
 McConnell, Murray 281 
 
 MrCook, Edivard M 281 
 
 McCoid. Andrew 2.SI 
 
 Mi;Corkle, Joseph W 281 
 
 McCormick, James R 2.S1 
 
 Mci'ormick, Richard C 281 
 
 McCoy, Robert 2.S1 
 
 McCoy, William 281 
 
 McCrary, George W 281 
 
 McCrate, John D , . . 2S1 
 
 McCreary, James B 281 
 
 MrCrearv, John 281 
 
 McCrcnry, William 281 
 
 McCreedv, William 282 
 
 McCreeiy. Thomas C 282 
 
 MeCnlloch, (ieorge 282 
 
 McCiilloch, Hugh 282 
 
 MeCnlloch. John 282 
 
 McCuUoch, Thomas G 282 
 
 McCuUough, Hiram 2,S2 
 
 McCnrdy, Charles Johnson 282 
 
 McCnrdy. S. P 282 
 
 McDill, Alexanders 282 
 
 MiDill, James Wilson 2,SJ 
 
 McDonald. Alexander 282 
 
 McDonald, Charles J 2S2 
 
 McDonald, David 282 
 
 MoDonald.J, E 282 
 
 McDnugall, Alexander. 282 
 
 McDmigall, James A 2a3 
 
 McDougall, John 283 
 
 McDowell, James 283 
 
 McDowell, .James Foster 283 
 
 McDowell, Joseph 283 
 
 McDowell. Joseph J ixi 
 
 McDuffie, George 283 
 
 McFaflden, Olmriiah B 283 
 
 McFarlan, Duncan 2-i3 
 
 McFarland, William 283 
 
 McGanghey, Edward W 283 
 
 McGnuli, A. G 283 
 
 McGr.w, James C 283 
 
 McGrew, J. M 284 
 
 McGuire. William 281 
 
 McHatton, Robert 2,S4 
 
 McHenry, Henry D 284 
 
 McHenry, James 2S4 
 
 McHenry, John H 2S4 
 
 Mcllvaine, Abraham R 284 
 
 Mcllvaine, Joseph 284 
 
 Melndoe, Walter D 284 
 
 Mclntyre, Rufns 284 
 
 Mclntyre, Archibald Thompson . 284 
 
 Mcjunkin, Ebenezer 2K4 
 
 McKay, James J 285 
 
 McKean, James Bedell 285 
 
 McKean, Samuel 285 
 
 McKean, Thomas 285 
 
 McKee, George C 2a5 
 
 McKec, John 285 
 
 McKee, Samuel 283 
 
 McKee, Samuel 285 
 
 McKennan, Thomas M. T 285 
 
 McKennan, William 285 
 
 McKenney, Thomas Lorraine 285 
 
 McKenty, .Jacob K 2f6 
 
 McKenzie. Lewis 28S 
 
 McKeon. John !(86 
 
 McKibbin, Joseph C 2,S6 
 
 McKim, Alexander 286 
 
 Mc^im, Isaac 286 
 
 McKill ley, John 286 
 
 McKinley, William 286 
 
 McKinney, John F 286 
 
 McKissock, Thomas 286 
 
 McKnight. Robert 286 
 
 McLane, Jeremiah 286 
 
 McLane, Louis 286 
 
 McLane. Robert M 286 
 
 McLean, Alney 286 
 
 McLean, Finis E 286 
 
 McLean, John 286 
 
 McLean, John 2S7 
 
 McLean Samuel 287 
 
 McLean, William 287 
 
 McLean. William P 287 
 
 McLeilan, George W 287 
 
 McMahon, John A 2S7 
 
668 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 McMahou, Martin F 287 
 
 McMiinus, William 2H7 
 
 McMartin, J. L 287 
 
 McMicliael, William 2S7 
 
 McMillan, Samuel J. R 287 
 
 McMin, Joseph 287 
 
 McMullen, Fayette 287 
 
 McNair, Alexander 2S7 
 
 McNaif, John 287 
 
 Mcnairy, John 287 
 
 McNpedy, Thompson W 288 
 
 McNiel, Archihald 288 
 
 McNnlla, John 288 
 
 McNulty. Caleb J 288 
 
 McNiitt, Alexander G 288 
 
 McPherson, Edward 2(^8 
 
 MoQneon, John 288 
 
 McQueen, Mcintosh 2s8 
 
 McKay, John J 288 
 
 McReady, James 288 
 
 McRoberts, Samuel 283 
 
 McRiier, Donald C 288 
 
 McSherry. James 288 
 
 McVean, Charles 288 
 
 McWillie, William 289 
 
 Meacham, James 289 
 
 Mead, Cowles 289 
 
 Meade, Edwin R 289 
 
 Meade, Richard K 289 
 
 Means, John H aS9 
 
 Mebane, Alexander 289 
 
 Med iry, Samuel 289 
 
 Medill, William 289 
 
 Meech, Ezra ^9 
 
 Meehan, John S 289 
 
 Meeker, Benjamin B. 289 
 
 Meigs, Henry 
 
 Me 
 
 , Jos 
 
 2S9 
 
 Meigs, Retarn J 
 
 Mellen, Edward 290 
 
 Melien, Prenlifs 290 
 
 Mellish, David B 290 
 
 Menifer, Richard H 290 
 
 MenziCT', John W 290 
 
 M«-rcer. Charles Fenton 
 
 Me 
 
 , Jan 
 
 290 
 
 Mercer. J<.hu F 
 
 Mercur, Ulysses 290 
 
 Meredith, Samuel 29fl 
 
 Meredith, William M 290 
 
 Meriwether, David 290 
 
 Meriwether, David 291 
 
 Meriwether, I. A 291 
 
 Meriwether. James 291 
 
 Merriam, Clinton L 291 
 
 Merrick, William D 291 
 
 Merrick, William M 291 
 
 Merrill, Oreainus C 291 
 
 Merrill, Saniael 291 
 
 Merrimon, Auffustus S 291 
 
 Merritt, Samuel A 291 
 
 Mervin, Orange 291 
 
 Metcalf, Arunah 291 
 
 Metcaif, Ralph 291 
 
 Metcalfe, Henry B 291 
 
 Metcalfe, Thimias 291 
 
 Meyers, Benjamin F - 292 
 
 Middleswarth, Ner 292 
 
 Middlelon, Arthur 292 
 
 Middleton, George 292 
 
 Middleton, Henry 292 
 
 Middlelnn. Henry 292 
 
 Mifflin, Thomas 292 
 
 Miles, W. Porcher 292 
 
 Mil ledge, John 292 
 
 Millen, John 29:i 
 
 Miller, Andrew G sns 
 
 Miller. Daniel F 293 
 
 Wilier, Daniel H 293 
 
 M iller, George F 293 
 
 Miller, Horace H 293 
 
 Miller, Jacob W 293 
 
 Miller, James 293 
 
 Miller, Jesse 293 
 
 Miller, John 293 
 
 Miller, John 293 
 
 Miller.JohnG 293 
 
 Miller, John K 293 
 
 Miller. Joseph 293 
 
 Miller, Killiau 293 
 
 Miller, Morris S 293 
 
 Miller, Nathan 293 
 
 Miller, N.M 293 
 
 Miller. Pleasant M 293 
 
 Miller, RutgerB 294 
 
 Miller, Samuel F 294 
 
 Miller, Samuel F 291 
 
 Miller, Smith 294 
 
 Miller, Stenhen 294 
 
 Miller, Sli'phen D 294 
 
 Miller, William 294 
 
 Miller, William H 294 
 
 Miller, William S 294 
 
 Milligan, John J 294 
 
 Milligan, Samuel 294 
 
 Millikin, Charles W 294 
 
 Mills, Clark 294 
 
 Mills, EHjahH 294 
 
 Mills, Robert S94 
 
 Mills, Robert Q 294 
 
 Millson, John S 294 
 
 Millwnrd, John 295 
 
 Millward, William 295 
 
 Milnes, William, Jr 293 
 
 Milnor, James 293 
 
 Milnor, William 295 
 
 Milton, John 295 
 
 Miner, Ahiman L 295 
 
 Miner, Charles 295 
 
 Miner, Phineas 295 
 
 Minor. William Thomas 295 
 
 Mi not, Josiah 
 
 Mitchell, Alexander 
 
 Mitchell, Anderson 
 
 Mitchell, Charles B 
 
 Mitchell, Charles F 
 
 Mitchell, David Bradie 295 
 
 Mitchell, George E 295 
 
 Mitchell, Henry 293 
 
 Mitchell, James C 295 
 
 Mitchell, James S 29B 
 
 Mitchell, John 296 
 
 Mitchell, JohnH 296 
 
 Mitchell, Nahum 296 
 
 Mitchell, Nathaniel 296 
 
 Mitchell, Robert 296 
 
 Mitchell, Robert B 296 
 
 Mitchell, Samuel Latham 296 
 
 Mitchell, Stephen M 290 
 
 Mitcliell, Thomas R 296 
 
 Mitchell, William 296 
 
 Mix. Charles E 296 
 
 Moffet, John 296 
 
 Moffit, Hosea 296 
 
 Molony, Richard S 296 
 
 Monell, Robert 297 
 
 Money, H. D 297 
 
 Monroe, James 297 
 
 Monroe, James 297 
 
 Monroe, Thomas B 297 
 
 Monroe, V. : 297 
 
 Montanya, J. D. L 297 
 
 Montgomery, Daniel 297 
 
 Montgomery, John 297 
 
 Montgomery, John G 297 
 
 Montgomery, Joseph 297 
 
 Montgomery, Thomas 297 
 
 Montgomery, William 297 
 
 Montgomery, William 297 
 
 Montgomery, William 297 
 
 Moor, Wyman B. S 297 
 
 Moore, Airred 297 
 
 Moore, Andrew 298 
 
 Moore, Andrew B 298 
 
 Moore, Eliakim Hastings 298 
 
 Moore, Elv 298 
 
 Moore, Gabriel 298 
 
 Moore, Reman Allen 298 
 
 Moore, Henry D 298 
 
 Moore, Jesse H 298 
 
 Moore, Joh n 298 
 
 Moore, Laban T 298 
 
 Moore. Marshal F 298 
 
 Moore, Nicholas R 298 
 
 Moore, Oscar P 298 
 
 Moore, Robert 298 
 
 Moore, Samuel 298 
 
 Moore, S. McD 298 
 
 Moore, Sydenham E 298 
 
 Moore, Thomas 298 
 
 Moore, Thomas O 298 
 
 Moore, Thomas P 298 
 
 Moore, Thomas S 299 
 
 Moore, William 299 
 
 Moore, William S 299 
 
 Miporehead, James Kennedy 299 
 
 Moran, Benjamin 2!I9 
 
 Morehead, Charles S 299 
 
 Morehead. I. T 299 
 
 Morehead, James T 299 
 
 Morey. Frank 299 
 
 Morgan, Charles H 299 
 
 Morgan, Christopher 299 
 
 Morgan, Daniel 299 
 
 Morgan, Edwin B 300 
 
 Morgan. Edwin D BOO 
 
 Morgan, George W 300 
 
 Slorgan, James 300 
 
 Morgan, John J 300 
 
 Morgan. William S SOO 
 
 Morphis, Joseph L 300 
 
 Morrell, Daniel J 300 
 
 Morrell. George 300 
 
 Monil, David L 300 
 
 Morrill, Amos 301 
 
 Morrill, Anson P 801 
 
 Morrill, Justin S 301 
 
 Morrill, Lot M 301 
 
 Morrill, Samuel P 301 
 
 Morris, Calvary 301 
 
 Morris, Charles 301 
 
 Morris, Daniel 301 
 
 Morris, Edward Joy .301 
 
 Morris, Gouverneur 301 
 
 Morris, Isaac N 302 
 
 Morris, James R 302 
 
 Morris, Jonathan D 302 
 
 Morris, Joseph 302 
 
 Morris, Lewis 302 
 
 Morris, Lewis R 802 
 
 Morris, Mathias 302 
 
 Morris, Robert 302 
 
 Morris, Robert 302 
 
 Morris, Samuel W 802 
 
 Morris, Thomas 302 
 
 Morris, Thomas 302 
 
 Morrison, George W 302 
 
 Morrison, James L. D .302 
 
 Morrison, John A 303 
 
 Morrison, William R 303 
 
 Morrissey. John 313 
 
 Morrow, Jeremiah 303 
 
 Morse, Freeman H 303 
 
 Morse, Isaac Edwards 303 
 
 Morse, O. A 303 
 
 Morsell, James S 303 
 
 Morton, Jackson .303 
 
 Morton, Jeremiah 303 
 
 Morton, John .303 
 
 Morton, Marcus 303 
 
 Morton, Oliver P .304 
 
 Moseley, Jonathan Ogden 304 
 
 Mosely, William A .304 
 
 Mosely. William D .304 
 
 Moses, F. J.. Jr 304 
 
 Motley. John Lathrop 304 
 
 Mott, GordenN 304 
 
 Mott, James 304 
 
 Mott, Richard .304 
 
 Motte, Isaac 304 
 
 Moulton, Mace .304 
 
 Moulton, Samuel W 804 
 
 Moultrie, William i 304 
 
 Monton, Alexander 305 
 
 Mower, Horace 305 
 
 Mowry, Daniel, Jr 305 
 
 Mudd. Ignatius .305 
 
 Muhletiberg, Francis Samnel 305 
 
 Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus 305 
 
 Mnhlenburg, Heniy Augustus 305 
 
 Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus 305 
 
 Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel 305 
 
 Mullett, James 305 
 
 Mnllin, Joseph 305 
 
 Mullins, James 3ii0 
 
 Mumford. George .306 
 
 Mumlbrd. Giirdon S 306 
 
 Mungen, William 306 
 
 oe, James 306 
 
 ■oe, Thomas .306 
 
 Mn 
 
 , Lyr 
 
 Murfree, William H 306 
 
 Murphy, Charles 306 
 
 Murphy, Henry C 306 
 
 Murphy, Isaac 806 
 
 Murphy, John 306 
 
 Murphy. John L 306 
 
 Murphy, William S 306 
 
 Murrah, Pendleton 306 
 
 Murray, Ambrose S 306 
 
 Mnrniv, Hugh C 306 
 
 Miirruv, Jnhii 306 
 
 MurniV. John L L 307 
 
 ', Tli.)mas 
 
 Mnr 
 
 307 
 
 Murray, William Vans 307 
 
 Miitchler, William 307 
 
 Muter, George 307 
 
 Myers. Amos 307 
 
 Myers, Leonard 307 
 
 Nabers. Benjamin D 307 
 
 Nash. Ahner 307 
 
 Nash, C. E 307 
 
 Nash, Frederick 307 
 
 Nash, John W 307 
 
 Nandain, Arnold S07 
 
 Naylor, Charles 307 
 
 Neal. Lawrence T 307 
 
 Neale, Raphael .308 
 
 Negley, James 8 308 
 
 Neilson, John 308 
 
 Nelson, Albert Hobart 308 
 
 Nelson. Homer A 308 
 
 Nelson, Hugh 308 
 
 Nelson. Jeremiah 308 
 
 Nelson, John 308 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 669 
 
 , Andn 
 
 Nelson, Roger «0B 0^1 
 
 Nel-oii R. R 308 I Ogle, B.ioaniin 3l5 
 
 Nflson. Samuel 308 i Ojjle, Charles 315 
 
 NcUoTi. Thomas 308 Oslt-sby, RichaidJ 315 
 
 Nelson, Thomas, Jr 308 Olcott, Simeon 316 
 
 Nelson Thomas A R 309 Olden, Charles C 316 
 
 Nclsiin. Thomas H 309 ! Olds, Edi 
 
 Nelson, Thomas M "" "' 
 
 Nelson, William 309 
 
 Nes, Henrv 309 
 
 Nesbitt, Wilson 309 
 
 Nesmith, James W 309 
 
 Neville, Joseph 309 
 
 New, Anthony 309 
 
 New, John C 309 
 
 New, J. D 309 
 
 Newbold, Thomas 309 
 
 Newcomb, C. A 309 
 
 Newcomb, Simon .. 309 
 
 Newell, William A 310 
 
 Newhard, Peter 310 
 
 Newman, Alexander 310 
 
 Newman. Daniel 310 
 
 Ne wsham, Joseph P 310 
 
 Newton, Eben 310 
 
 Nrwion. Isaac 310 
 
 Newton, Rc.ger 310 
 
 Newton, Thomas 310 
 
 Newton, Thomas W 310 
 
 Newton, Willoughby 310 
 
 Niblack, William K 310 
 
 Niblack, Silas N , 310 
 
 Nicholas, George 310 
 
 Nicholas, John 311 
 
 Nicholas, Robert Carter 311 
 
 Nicholas, Robert Carter 311 
 
 Nicholas, Samuel S 311 
 
 Nicholas, Wilson C 311 
 
 Nichols, Matthias H 311 
 
 Nicholson, Alfred O. P 311 
 
 Nicholson. John 311 
 
 Nicholson, John A 311 
 
 Nicholson, Joseph Hopper 311 
 
 Nicoll, Heni-y 311 
 
 Nicoll,JohnC 311 
 
 Nicollet, Jean Nicholas 311 
 
 Nilos, Jason 311 
 
 Niles, John M 311 
 
 Niles, Nalhaniel 312 
 
 Nisbet, Engenius 318 
 
 Nishet, E. A 318 
 
 Niven, Archibald C 312 
 
 Nix.. n, John T 312 
 
 Notile, David A 312 
 
 Noble. James .312 
 
 Noble, Noah 312 
 
 Noble, Patrick 312 
 
 Noble, Warren P 312 
 
 Noble. William H 312 
 
 Noell, JohnW .312 
 
 Noell. Thomas E 312 
 
 Noggle, David 312 
 
 NoiTis. Benjamin W 313 
 
 Norris, I^aac 
 
 Noiris. Moses 313 
 
 Nonh, JohnW 313 
 
 Norih, William 313 
 
 Norton. Daniel S 313 
 
 Norton, Ehenezer F 313 
 
 Norton. Elijah H 313 
 
 Nortitn, Jesse O 313 
 
 Norton, Nelson J 313 
 
 Norvell, John 313 
 
 Norwood, Thomas Manson 313 
 
 Norwood, William 313 
 
 Nott, Abraham .313 
 
 Nolt. Charles Cooper 314 
 
 Nott, Edward 314 
 
 Nourse, Amos 314 
 
 , Joseph 314 
 
 Parker, John Mason 323 
 
 Parker, Josiah 323 
 
 Parker, Nahnm 323 
 
 Parker, Peter 323 
 
 Parker, Richard 323 
 
 Parker, Richard E 323 
 
 Parker, Samuel W 323 
 
 , Abraham B 316 , Parker, Severn B 313 
 
 Olin, Gideon 31B i Parker, Thomas 323 
 
 No 
 
 se. J. E. 
 
 314 
 
 Noyes, Edward F 314 
 
 Noyes. John 314 
 
 Noyes, Joseph C 314 
 
 Nuckolls. Stephen F 314 
 
 Nuckolls, William C 314 
 
 Niigen, RobertH 314 
 
 Nunii, David A 314 
 
 Nye. James W 314 
 
 Oakley, Thomas Jackson 314 
 
 O'Bannan, A. J 814 
 
 O'Brien, Jeremiah 314 
 
 O'Brien, William J 315 
 
 O'Connor, Charles 315 
 
 Odell, Moses F 315 
 
 Odell. N. Holmes 315 
 
 Offley, David 315 
 
 Og<len. Aaron 315 
 
 Ogden, David A 315 
 
 Oi;den, Robert 
 
 Oi;ii 
 
 :S. K. 
 
 Ogle, Alexander. 
 
 , Henry 316 
 
 Oliphant, E. P 316 
 
 Oliver, Addison 316 
 
 Oliver. Andrew 316 
 
 Oliver, Mordecai 316 
 
 Robert 316 
 
 Oliver, William M 316 
 
 Olney, Cyrus 316 
 
 O'Neal, John Bclton 316 
 
 O'Neill, Charles 317 
 
 O'Neill, John 317 
 
 Ornisby, Stephen 317 
 
 Orr, Alexander D 317 
 
 Orr, Benjamin 317 
 
 Orr, Jackson 317 
 
 Orr, James L 317 
 
 Orr. Robert 317 
 
 Orth. GodloveS 317 
 
 Orton, William 317 
 
 Osborn, Thomas Q 317 
 
 Osborn. T. W 317 
 
 Osborne. Thomas B 318 
 
 Osgood. Gayton P 318 
 
 Osi-'ood, Samuel 318 
 
 O'Sullivan, John L 318 
 
 Oswald, John Holt 318 
 
 Otero. Miguel A 318 
 
 Otis, Harrison Gray 31S 
 
 Otis, James 318 
 
 OUs,John 318 
 
 Otis, Samuel Allyne 318 
 
 Otterbourg. Marius 318 
 
 Otto, William T 318 
 
 Outlaw, David 319 
 
 Ouilaw, George C 319 
 
 Overstreet. James 319 
 
 Overton. Walter H 319 
 
 Owen, Allen F 319 
 
 Owen, David Dale 819 
 
 Owen, George W 819 
 
 Owen, James 319 
 
 Owen, John 319 
 
 Owen, Robert Dale 319 
 
 Owens, George W 319 
 
 Owsley, BrvanT 319 
 
 Owsley, William 319 
 
 Paca, Will 
 
 Pacheco. Romnaldo 319 
 
 Packard, Jasper 819 
 
 Packer, Asa 3'W 
 
 Packer. John B 320 
 
 P.icker, William F 320 
 
 Paddock. Algernons 320 
 
 Padleford. Seth 320 
 
 Page. Horace Francis 3-iO 
 
 Page, .John 320 
 
 Page, John 320 
 
 Page, John B 320 
 
 Page. Mann 320 
 
 Page, Robert 320 
 
 Page, Sherman 320 
 
 Paine, Byron 320 
 
 Paine, Charles 320 
 
 Paine. Elijah 321 
 
 Paine, Elijah, Jr 321 
 
 Paine. Ephraim 321 
 
 Paine, Halhert E 321 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat 321 
 
 Paine. Robert T 321 
 
 Painter, Gamaliel 821 
 
 Palen, Joseph G 321 
 
 Palen, Ruins 321 
 
 Palfrey, John G 321 
 
 Palmer, Beriah 821 
 
 Palmer, Francis W 321 
 
 Palmer, George W 322 
 
 Palmer, John 822 
 
 Palmer. John M 322 
 
 Palmer, Joseph 322 
 
 Palmer, Robert M 322 
 
 Palmer, William A 322 
 
 Park, Benjamin 322 
 
 Parker, Amasa J 322 
 
 Parker, Andrew 322 
 
 Parker. Eli S 322 
 
 Parker, Hosea W 322 
 
 Parker, Isiiac 3'32 
 
 Parker, Isaac C 322 
 
 Parker, James 3i!3 
 
 Parker, James 3'23 
 
 Parker.Joe! 3-23 
 
 Parker, Joel 3-i3 
 
 Parker, John 323 
 
 Parks, Gorham 3'23 
 
 Parks, Samuel C 323 
 
 Parmenter, William 323 
 
 Parris, Albion K 324 
 
 Parris, Virgil D 3-24 
 
 Parrish, Isaac 3'24 
 
 Parrott, John F 324 
 
 Parrott. Marcus J 3'24 
 
 Parson, Samuel H 324 
 
 Parsons, Edward T 3i!4 
 
 Parsons, Lewis E 324 
 
 Parsons, Richard C 324 
 
 Parsons, Samuel Holden 8'24 
 
 Parsons, Theophilus 3"24 
 
 Partridge, George 3'24 
 
 Partridge, James R 324 
 
 Partridge. Samuel 325 
 
 Paterson, William 323 
 
 Patterson, Carlile Pollock 323 
 
 Pat lerson, David T 325 
 
 Patterson, James W 325 
 
 Patterson, John 325 
 
 Patterson, John 325 
 
 Patterson, John James 325 
 
 Patterson, Rolu-rt 325 
 
 Patterson, Robert M 325 
 
 Patterson, Thomas 3'J5 
 
 Patterson, Thomas J 325 
 
 Patterson, Thomas M 326 
 
 Patterson, Walter 326 
 
 Patterson, William 3'26 
 
 Patterson, William 3'26 
 
 Pattern, John 326 
 
 Patton, John 826 
 
 Patton, John M 326 
 
 Patton, R. M 3.30 
 
 Paulding, James K 326 
 
 Paulding, William, Jr 326 
 
 Pawling, .Levi 326 
 
 Payne, Henry B 326 
 
 Payne, Winter W 3'26 
 
 Paynter, Lemuel 826 
 
 Paynter, Samuel 328 
 
 Pearce, Duttee J 326 
 
 Pearce, James A 3*26 
 
 Pearce, John J 327 
 
 Pearson. Joseph 327 
 
 Pearson, Richard M 8'27 
 
 Pea^e, Calvin 3-27 
 
 Pease, Edward M 3-27 
 
 Pease, Henry R 327 
 
 Pease, Seth 3'27 
 
 Peaslee. Charles H 327 
 
 Peck. Ehenezer 327 
 
 Peck, Erasmus D 3'27 
 
 Peck, George W 827 
 
 Peck, Henrv E 827 
 
 Peck. Isabel 327 
 
 Peck, James H 327 
 
 Peck.JaredV 327 
 
 Peck, Lucius B 327 
 
 Peck, Luther C 327 
 
 Peckham, RufnsW 827 
 
 Peden, James A 327 
 
 Peek, Hermanns 328 
 
 Peery, William 328 
 
 Pegram. John 828 
 
 Peirce, Henry A 328 
 
 Pelham, Charles 328 
 
 Pellon, GnyR 328 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund 828 
 
 Pendleton, Edmnnd H 328 
 
 Pendleton, George H 328 
 
 Pendleton, Henry 328 
 
 Pendleton, James M 3'28 
 
 Pendleton, John S 8'2i 
 
 Pendleton. Nathaniel Greene 328 
 
 Penn, Alexander G 328 
 
 ?enn, John 828 
 
 Penn. John 329 
 
 Penn, Richard 329 
 
 Penniman, Ehenezer Jenckes 3'2» 
 
 Pennington, Alexander CM 329 
 
 Pennington, I. L 329 
 
 Pennington, William 329 
 
 Pennington, William S 3'29 
 
 Pennybacker, Isaac S 329 
 
 Penrose, Charles B 829 
 
 Perce. Legrand W 329 
 
 Perea, Francisco 329 
 
 Perham, Sydney 329 
 
 Perkins, Bishop 329 
 
 Perkins, Eliaa 329 
 
670 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Perkins. Jnred 330 
 
 Perkins, Jdlin, Jr 330 
 
 Perrill, Ansilstlis L 330 
 
 Perrv, Be-njiimin P 330 
 
 Pirry, Eli 330 
 
 Perry, .Inhu J 330 
 
 Perry, Madison S 330 
 
 Perry, Matthew Calbraith aSO 
 
 Perry, Neliemiah 330 
 
 Periy,I{. H 330 
 
 Perry, Tiiiimas ,33U 
 
 Perry, William 33n 
 
 Pirson. Thomas 330 
 
 Piter, Gcorsje 330 
 
 Pet>-r9, Jiihn A 330 
 
 Peters, John 8 330 
 
 Peters, Jnhn Thompson 331 
 
 Peters. Richard 331 
 
 Pelrie. Georjje 331 
 
 Petriken. David 331 
 
 Petiecs, John J 331 
 
 Petiiijrew, Ein*nezer 331 
 
 Pettis, Spencer 331 
 
 Pettis. S. Newton 331 
 
 Pfttit, Charles 331 
 
 Peitit, Jiilin 331 
 
 Petlit. John U 331 
 
 Pettit, Thomas McKean 331 
 
 Peyton, Bailie 331 
 
 Peyton, Joseph H 331 
 
 Peyton, !<amuel 331 
 
 Phelps, Charles E 332 
 
 Phelps, Darwin 332 
 
 Phelps, Elisha 332 
 
 Phelps, James 332 
 
 Phelps, John Smith 332 
 
 Phelps, Laiincelot 332 
 
 Phelps, Oliver 332 
 
 Phelps, Oliver 332 
 
 Phelps, Samuel 8 332 
 
 Phelps. Timothy G 332 
 
 Phelps, William Waiter 333 
 
 Phelps, William W 3.33 
 
 Phi ips. J..hiiFini8 333 
 
 Phillips, Henry M 333 
 
 Phillips, John 333 
 
 Phillips, John 333 
 
 Phillips, Philip 333 
 
 Phillips, Stephen Clarendon a33 
 
 Phillips, William A 333 
 
 Phillips, William P 333 
 
 Philson, Robert 3-33 
 
 Phcenix, J. Phillips a33 
 
 Pickens, Andrew J 3.33 
 
 Pickens, Francis W 334 
 
 Pickens, Israel 334 
 
 Pickering, John 331 
 
 Pick, till!;, Timothy 3.34 
 
 Pickerins. William 334 
 
 Pickett, James C 334 
 
 Pickett. Jolin C 334 
 
 Pickman. Bcnjamia 335 
 
 Pierce. Benjamin 335 
 
 Pierce. Charles W 336 
 
 Pierce, Praiiklin 335 
 
 Pierce, Henry Lillie 3.3.5 
 
 Pierre. J.. seph .3.35 
 
 Pierce, William 335 
 
 Pierp mt, Francis H 335 
 
 Pierrepoiit, Edwards a35 
 
 Pierson, Isaac 33(i 
 
 Pierson. Jeremiah H 33() 
 
 Pierson, Job .33fi 
 
 Pierson, Thomas D a36 
 
 Pike, AiistinP 338 
 
 Pike, Frederick A 3.36 
 
 Pike, James 33(i 
 
 Pike. James S .331! 
 
 Pike. Zibnlon Montgomery .336 
 
 Pill', William A .3;JH 
 
 Pilsbnry, Timothy mn 
 
 Pinckney, Charles 8.36 
 
 Pinckney, Charles t'otesworth . 337 
 
 Pinckney, Heitrv Laurens a37 
 
 Pinckney. Thomas 337 
 
 Pindall, James 337 
 
 Pilikuey. William ai7 
 
 Piper, William 337 
 
 Piper, William A aj7 
 
 Pitclier. Nathaniel 337 
 
 Pitkin, Timothy 3.37 
 
 Pitkin, William a37 
 
 Pilkin, William 337 
 
 Pitm-.n. Charles W .338 
 
 Pitman. ,Tnhn 3.3,S 
 
 Plaistid, Harris M 338 
 
 Plant. David 33< 
 
 Plants. Tobias A a38 
 
 Plater, George a38 
 
 Plater, Thomns 3:^8 
 
 Plait. James H., Jr 3:i8 
 
 Piatt. Jonas 338 
 
 .. 339 
 
 Piatt. Thomas C 
 
 Plutt. Zephaniah 
 
 Pleasanion. Stephen 
 
 Pleasants, James 
 
 Plumer, Arnold 
 
 Plumer, George 
 
 Phimer, William 
 
 Plumer. William 
 
 PInmmcr, Franklin E 
 
 Poindexler, George 
 
 Poinsett, Joel R 
 
 Poland, Luke P 
 
 Polk, Charles 3)9 
 
 Polk, James Knox 339 
 
 Polk, Trneteii ai9 
 
 Polk, William H 339 
 
 Pollard, Richard 339 
 
 Pollock, .James 339 
 
 Pol-ley, Daniel 3.39 
 
 Ponieroy, Charles 340 
 
 Pomeroy, Samuel C 340 
 
 Pomiroy, Theodore M 340 
 
 Pond, Benjamin 340 
 
 Pond,C.H 340 
 
 Ponder, James ,340 
 
 Pool, John 340 
 
 Pope, Burrell Thomas 340 
 
 Pope, John 340 
 
 Pope, Nathaniel 340 
 
 Pope, Patrick H 340 
 
 Poppleton, E. P 340 
 
 Piirter, Albert G 340 
 
 Porter, Alexander J 341 
 
 Porter, Augustus 8 341 
 
 Porier, Charles H 341 
 
 Porter, David 341 
 
 Porter, David R 341 
 
 Porter, George B 341 
 
 Porter, Gilchrist 341 
 
 Porter, James 341 
 
 Porter, James D 341 
 
 Port.r, James Madison 341 
 
 Pi>rier, John 341 
 
 Porter, J. D. Forest 341 
 
 Porter, Peter B 341 
 
 Porter, Thomas 341 
 
 Porter, Titnothy H 341 
 
 Porter, William A 341 
 
 Posej', Thomas 342 
 
 Post, Jonathan, Jr 34a 
 
 Poston, Charles D 342 
 
 Potter, A 342 
 
 Potter, Clarkson Nott 312 
 
 Potter, Elisha R ,342 
 
 Potter, Elisha R., Jr 342 
 
 Potter, Emery D 342 
 
 Potter, Henry 342 
 
 Potler, John F 342 
 
 Potter, Robert 342 
 
 Potter, Samuel J 343 
 
 Poller, William W 343 
 
 Pottle. Emory B 343 
 
 Potts. David, Jr 313 
 
 Potts, Idchard 343 
 
 Powell, Samuel 343 
 
 Powell. Alli-ed H 343 
 
 Powell, Cuthbert 34!) 
 
 Powell, Joseph 943 
 
 Powell, Lazarus W 343 
 
 Powell, 1 evin 343 
 
 Powell, Paulns 343 
 
 Powell, William H 343 
 
 Powers, Gershom 343 
 
 Powers, Hiram 343 
 
 Powers, RirtgelyC 343 
 
 Poydras, Julian 343 
 
 Pratt, Daniel 343 
 
 Pratt, Daniel D 344 
 
 Pratt. Henry 344 
 
 Pratt, James T 344 
 
 Pratt, O. C 344 
 
 Pratt, Thomas G 344 
 
 Pratt, Zartock 344 
 
 Pray, Pnhlius Ruliliuf R 344 
 
 Preble, William Pitt 344 
 
 Prentiss, John II 344 
 
 Prentiss, Samuel 314 
 
 Prentiss, Sergeants 344 
 
 Preston, Francis 344 
 
 Preston, Isaac Trimble 345 
 
 Preslim, Jacob A 345 
 
 Preston, James P 345 
 
 Preston, William 345 
 
 Preston, William B 345 
 
 Preston, William C 845 
 
 Prevost. John B 345 
 
 Price, Hiram .345 
 
 Price, Rodman M 345 
 
 Price, Sterling 345 
 
 Price, Thomas L 345 
 
 Price, William 345 
 
 Price, William P 345 
 
 Priekelt, Henry E 345 
 
 Prince, Charles U a45 
 
 Prince, Oliver H 341; 
 
 Prince, William .'..'.' 346 
 
 Prindle, Elizur H 346 
 
 Pringle, Benjamin 346 
 
 Profit, George H 316 
 
 Prosser, William F '.',".'. m; 
 
 Pruyn, John V. L ', 346 
 
 Pruyn, Robert H 346 
 
 Pr.vor, Roger A ',[ .34B 
 
 Pugh, George Ellis 346 
 
 Pugh, James L 3J6 
 
 Pngh, John 34ii 
 
 Pnfdy, Smith M ,,, 346 
 
 Purman, William J 346 
 
 Purviance, Samuel A 346 
 
 Purviance, Samuel D 347 
 
 Puryeiir, Richard C 347 
 
 Putnam, Harvey 347 
 
 Jufns 
 
 347 
 
 Pulnam, Samuel 
 
 Qnarles, James M V. m 
 
 Quarles. Tunstall 347 
 
 Qnincy, Josiah .347 
 
 Quitmtin, John A 347 
 
 Raburn, William 348 
 
 Radlord, William a43 
 
 Retjuet, Condy 348 
 
 Rainey, Joseph H 348 
 
 Ramsay, David 348 
 
 Ramsay, Nathaniel 348 
 
 Ramsay, Robert .348 
 
 Ramsey, Alexander 343 
 
 Ram^ey. William .348 
 
 Ramsey, William S 319 
 
 Randall, Alexander 349 
 
 Randall, Alexander W 349 
 
 Randall, Archibald 349 
 
 Randall, Benjamin 349 
 
 Randall, Samuel J 340 
 
 Randall, T 349 
 
 Randall, Wilham H 349 
 
 Randolph, Beverly 349 
 
 Randolph, Edmund 349 
 
 Randolph, James F 340 
 
 Randolph, John, of Roanoke 319 
 
 Randolph, Joseph Fitz 350 
 
 Randolph, Peter 350 
 
 Randolph, Peyton 3.50 
 
 Randolph. Theodore P 359 
 
 Randolph, Tnonias Mann 3.50 
 
 Rankin, Christopher 350 
 
 RansiiT, Aionzo J 3.50 
 
 Ransom, Epaphroditus 3.50 
 
 Ransom, Malhew W 360 
 
 Rantonl, Robert 350 
 
 Rapier, James T 351 
 
 Rariden, James 351 
 
 Ratlibun, Geoi^e 351 
 
 Ranin, Green B 251 
 
 Rawlins, John A 351 
 
 Ray, James B 351 
 
 Ray, William H ail 
 
 Raymond, Henry J 351 
 
 Rayner. Kenneth 351 
 
 Rea. John 351 
 
 Read. Almon H 361 
 
 Read, George 351 
 
 Read, J 3.52 
 
 Read, Jacob 352 
 
 Read, John Meredith 352 
 
 Read, John Meredith .352 
 
 Read, Lazarus U 352 
 
 Read, Nathan 352 
 
 Read, Thomas B 352 
 
 Road, Willi.im B 352 
 
 Reade, Edwin G 352 
 
 Reading, John R 352 
 
 Ready, Charles 3.52 
 
 Reagan, John H .352 
 
 Reavis, Isaac 352 
 
 Rector, Henry M 352 
 
 Redtield. Isaac Fletcher 352 
 
 Reding, John R 353 
 
 R.-ed, Charles M 3.53 
 
 Reed, Edward C 353 
 
 Reed, Isaac 3.53 
 
 Reed, John 353 
 
 Reed, John 353 
 
 Reed, Joseph 353 
 
 Reed. Philip 353 
 
 Reed. Robert R 363 
 
 Reed. William 353 
 
 Reed, William Bradford 353 
 
 Reese, David A 853 
 
 Reeves, Henry A 3.'>3 
 
 Reid. David 8 353 
 
 Held, John W 353 
 
 Reid, Robert R 354 
 
 Reilly, James B... a54 
 
 Reilly, John 351 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 671 
 
 Eeilly, Wilson 354 
 
 Beilv, Lncher 354 
 
 Rell'i-, James H 354 
 
 Eeuchir. Abraham 354 
 
 , Hii 
 
 354 
 
 Eeyiiulds, Gideon 354 
 
 Reyiiolilii. James B 354 
 
 ReTiii)lds,J"lin 354 
 
 Keym.ld-, Jiihli H 354 
 
 KeVMolds, Jo-eph 354 
 
 Beynnlds, Roljert M 354 
 
 Reynolds, Tlioraas 354 
 
 Rhea, Jotin 354 
 
 Rlicit, Robert Barnwell 354 
 
 Rhodes, Samuel 355 
 
 Ricaud. James B 355 
 
 Rice, Alexander H 355 
 
 Rice, Americas V 3.i5 
 
 Rice, Benjamin F 355 
 
 Rice, Edward Y 3-.5 
 
 Rice. Henry H 355 
 
 Ricc.JohuB 355 
 
 Rice, John H 3.-)5 
 
 Rice, J..hnM 356 
 
 Rici>, Tliomas 356 
 
 Rich, Charles 356 
 
 Richard, Gabriel 356 
 
 Ricliiirdr'. .Tacob 356 
 
 Richards, Jonn 3.5U 
 
 Richards, John 356 
 
 Richards. Marie 356 
 
 Richards, Maltliias 356 
 
 Richardson, .lames B 356 
 
 Eicliardson. John Peter 356 
 
 Ricliardson, John S 356 
 
 Kicliardsim, .Joseph 356 
 
 Richardson. William A 350 
 
 Richardson, William A 
 
 Richards(ni, William M 357 
 
 Rielimond. Hiram H 357 
 
 Riciimtnid, Jonathan 357 
 
 Riddle. Albert G 3.57 
 
 Riddle, Georije Read .357 
 
 Riddle, H.T. 367 
 
 Riddle. Joseph 357 
 
 Ridpely, Henry M 357 
 
 RidL'ely. Richard 357 
 
 RidgHway. Robert 3.57 
 
 Riilgwoy, Joseph 357 
 
 RlKl!"'. Jetnr R 357 
 
 RiSgs, Lewis 357 
 
 RicUer, Samuel 357 
 
 Ringold, Thomas 357 
 
 Rin-g.ild, Samuel 358 
 
 Rings, Daniel 35S 
 
 Biolte, Charles N 358 
 
 Ripley, Eieazar W 358 
 
 Riplev, James W 31$ 
 
 Ripley, Thomas C 358 
 
 Eislev. Elijah 358 
 
 Ritchey, Thomas 3i8 
 
 Ritchie, David 3.58 
 
 Ritchie, John 35i 
 
 Bitcliie, Thomas ... 35S 
 
 Rimer. Joseiih 35S 
 
 Rittenhonse. David.... .358 
 
 KItter, nnr«ellC 358 
 
 Ritter.John 358 
 
 Rivers, Tnomas 358 
 
 E-.ves, Thomas 358 
 
 Rives, Fr.incis E 359 
 
 Rives, John C 35!) 
 
 Rives, William C 359 
 
 Roane, Archibald 359 
 
 Roane, John 359 
 
 Roane, John J 359 
 
 Roane. John Selden 359 
 
 Rome. John T 339 
 
 Roane, Spencer 359 
 
 Roane, William H 359 
 
 Robbie, Reuben 3">9 
 
 Robbins, Asher 359 
 
 Robbins. George R 359 
 
 Robbins, John, Jr 3.59 
 
 Robbins, William M... 3.59 
 
 Robrrdeau, Daniel 359 
 
 Roberts. Anthony E 389 
 
 Roberts, Charles 8 
 
 Rob' rts, Edrannd 
 
 Roberls, Ellis H 
 
 Roberts, Jonatlian 
 
 Roberts. Robert W 3tiO 
 
 Roberts, William R 360 
 
 Roberts. Anthony L .360 
 
 Robertson, George .360 
 
 Robertson, .Tohn .3(10 
 
 Roliertson, Thomas Boiling 360 
 
 Rol)ert8on, Thomas J 360 
 
 Robertson, Wilbatn H 360 
 
 Robertson, Windham 360 
 
 Robeson. George M 360 
 
 Robms, John 360 
 
 Robinson, Charles 361 
 
 Robinson, Christopher 361 
 
 K<ibitison, Edward 361 
 
 Robinson, James C 361 
 
 Robinson, James W 361 
 
 Robinson, John L 361 
 
 Robinson, John M 361 
 
 Robinson, John Staniford 361 
 
 Rohinson, Jonathan 361 
 
 Robinson, J. F 361 
 
 Robinson, Milton F 361 
 
 Robinson, Moses 361 
 
 Robinson, Orville 361 
 
 Robinson, Thomas 361 
 
 Robitison, William E 361 
 
 Robinson, David F 361 
 
 Rochester, William B 361 
 
 Rockhlll, William 361 
 
 Rockwell, Chirlea W 362 
 
 Rockwell, John A 362 
 
 Rockwell, Julius 362 
 
 Rodman, William 362 
 
 Rodney, Csesar 362 
 
 Rodney, Caesar A 362 
 
 Rodney, Caleb 362 
 
 Rodney, Daniel 362 
 
 Rodney. George B 362 
 
 Rodney, Thomas 382 
 
 Rogers, Andrew J 362 
 
 R gers, Anthony A. C 362 
 
 Rogers, Charles 362 
 
 RoL-ers, Daniel 362 
 
 Rogers, Edward 362 
 
 Rogers, H. G 363 
 
 Rouers, James 363 
 
 Rogers, John 363 
 
 Rogers, John 363 
 
 Rogers. Randolph 363 
 
 Kogcrs, Sion 11 36:! 
 
 Rogers, Thomas 3 363 
 
 Rollins, Edward A 363 
 
 Rollins, Edward H 363 
 
 Rollins, James Sidney 363 
 
 Roman, Andre Bienvenu 363 
 
 Roman, J. Dixon 363 
 
 Roosevelt, James 1 363 
 
 Roosevelt, Roberts 363 
 
 Root, Eraetus 364 
 
 Root, Jesse 364 
 
 Root, Joseph M 364 
 
 Root, Joseph P 364 
 
 Roots. Log.m H 364 
 
 Rose, Robert L 364 
 
 Rose, Robert S .364 
 
 Rosccrans. William Starke 364 
 
 Ross, David 364 
 
 Ross. Edmund G 364 
 
 Ross. George 364 
 
 Ross, HenryH 364 
 
 Ross. James 364 
 
 Ross, John 365 
 
 Ross, LewisW 365 
 
 Ross, Miles 365 
 
 Ross, Sobieski 3H5 
 
 Ross, Thomas 365 
 
 Ross, Thomas R 365 
 
 Ross, WilliamH 365 
 
 Rossell, William 365 
 
 Host. Pierre A 365 
 
 Rousseau, Lovell H 365 
 
 Rousseau. Richard H 365 
 
 Rowan, John 365 
 
 Rowe, Peter 365 
 
 Rowland, David 365 
 
 Royce, Homer E 365 
 
 Royce, Stephen.. 366 
 
 Rtiblee. Horace 366 
 
 Ruffln, Thomas 366 
 
 Rnggles, Benjamin 366 
 
 RuL'gles. Charles H 366 
 
 Rnggles, John 366 
 
 Rng-les, Nathaniel 866 
 
 Rnggles, Timothy .366 
 
 Ramsey, Benjamin 366 
 
 Rumsey, David. Jr 366 
 
 Rumsey, Edward 366 
 
 Rank, John 366 
 
 Knnnels. Harrison R 361 
 
 Runnels, Hiram Q 366 
 
 Eunyon, Peter P , 366 
 
 Rush, Benjamin 366 
 
 Rush. Richard 367 
 
 Rusk, Jeremiah M 367 
 
 Rusk, Thomas J .36" 
 
 Russ, John .367 
 
 Russell, David 367 
 
 Russell. James M 367 
 
 Russell, Jeremiah .367 
 
 Russell. John 367 
 
 Rns^<ll. Jonathan 367 
 
 Russell, Joseph 367 
 
 Russell, Samuel L 367 
 
 Russell, Thomas 367 
 
 Russell, William 367 
 
 Russell. William F 367 
 
 Rust, Albert 36T 
 
 Rnlhcrlord. Allan 368 
 
 Rutherford, John 368 
 
 Rutherford, John XHS 
 
 Buihcrford. Robert 3li8 
 
 Rutledge, Edward 368 
 
 Rntledge, John 368 
 
 Ryall, D. B 368 
 
 Ryerson, Martin 368 
 
 Sabin.Alvah 368 
 
 Sabine. Lorenzo 368 
 
 Sackett, William A 368 
 
 Saflfold, Reuben 3iiS 
 
 Sflge, Ebenezer 368 
 
 Safe, Russell 368 
 
 Sailly, Peter 369 
 
 Saltonsi all, Richard 369 
 
 Sammons, Thomas 869 
 
 Sample, Samuel C 369 
 
 Sampson, Ezekicl S 369 
 
 Sampson, Zabdiel 369 
 
 Samuel, Green B 369 
 
 Sandtord, John 369 
 
 Sandford, Jon.ah 369 
 
 Sanford. Lewis H 369 
 
 Sandford, Thomas 369 
 
 Sandidge, John M 369 
 
 Sands, Benjamin F 369 
 
 Sands, Joshua 369 
 
 Sanford, David C 369 
 
 Sanford, Edward J 3"0 
 
 Sanforil, Henry S 370 
 
 Sanford, James T 370 
 
 Saiif.nd, .Jonah 370 
 
 Sanford, Nathan 370 
 
 Sanford, Stephen 370 
 
 Sapp, William R 370 
 
 Sargeant, Nathaniel Peaslee 370 
 
 Sargent, Aaron A 370 
 
 Sargent, Nathan 370 
 
 Sargent, Winthrop 370 
 
 Saulsbnry, Eli 370 
 
 Sanlsbnrv, Gove 370 
 
 . J>nry, Willard 370 
 
 Saunilers, Alvin 371 
 
 Saunders, Romulus M 371 
 
 Savage, John 371 
 
 Savage, John H 371 
 
 Savage, John S 371 
 
 Sawtelle, Cnllcn 371 
 
 Sawyer, Frederick A 371 
 
 Sawyer, Lemuel 371 
 
 Sawyer, Lorenzo 371 
 
 Sawyer. Philetus 371 
 
 Sawyer, S. T 371 
 
 Sawyer. William 372 
 
 Say. Benjamin 372 
 
 Sayler, Henry B 372 
 
 Savler, Milton 372 
 
 Scales, Alfred M., Jr 372 
 
 Scammon, John F 372 
 
 Sthell, Richard 3;2 
 
 Schenck, Abraham H 372 
 
 Schenck, Ferdin.md 8 372 
 
 Sclienck, Robert C 372 
 
 Schermeihoru. Abraham M 372 
 
 Schleicher, Gustave 372 
 
 Schley, William 372 
 
 Schofleld, .John McAllister 372 
 
 Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe 373 
 
 Schoolcraft, John L 373 
 
 Schoonmaker, Cornelius C 373 
 
 Schoonmaker, Marius 373 
 
 Schroeder, Francis 373 
 
 Schumaker, John G 373 
 
 Schtineman, Martin G 373 
 
 Schureman, James 373 
 
 Schurz, Carl 373 
 
 Schuyler, Philip 374 
 
 Schuyler, Philip J 374 
 
 Schwarts, John 374 
 
 Seofield. Glenni W 374 
 
 Scott, Abraham M 374 
 
 Scott, Andrew 3T4 
 
 Scot t, Charles 371 
 
 Scott, Charles L 374 
 
 Scott, Gnstavns 374 
 
 Scott, Harvey D 374 
 
 Scott, James 374 
 
 Scott, John 374 
 
 Scott, John 374 
 
 Scott, John 374 
 
 Scott, John 374 
 
 Scott. John G 374 
 
 Scott, John Morin 375 
 
 Scott, Robert Kingston 37> 
 
 Scot I, Thomas .375 
 
 Scott, Thomas 375 
 
 Scott, Thomas A 375 
 
672 
 
 GENERAL INDEX, 
 
 Scott. Winfleld 375 
 
 S{Tanton, George W 
 
 Scrig^ra, WilliaTn L 
 
 Scnighiim, William W 375 
 
 Scildder, Henry J 37B 
 
 Scntlder, Isaac W 37K 
 
 Scudder, John A 37H 
 
 Scildder, Nathaniel 376 
 
 Scudder, Treadwell 376 
 
 Scudder. Zeno 376 
 
 Scurry. Richardson 376 
 
 Seabrook, Wliitemarsh B .376 
 
 Seal. Roderick ' 
 
 Seaman. Henry J 
 
 Searing, John A 376 
 
 Searle, James 376 
 
 Seaton, William Winston 376 
 
 Seaver. Ebenezer 37 
 
 Sebastian, William K 376 
 
 Seddon, James A 376 
 
 Sedgwick, C. B 37 
 
 Sedgwick, Theodore .S7„ 
 
 Seeroy, John E 377 
 
 Beely, EliasP 377 
 
 Selye.Julins H 377 
 
 Seijar, Joseph E 377 
 
 Siebels. J.J 
 
 Selden. Dudley 
 
 Selden, Joseph 377 
 
 Selden, William 
 
 Sells, Elijah 377 
 
 Selye, Lewis. 377 
 
 Semmes. Benedict J 377 
 
 Semple, James 377 
 
 Sener, James B 377 
 
 Sency, Joshna 377 
 
 Senter, Dewitt C 
 
 Senter, William T 377 
 
 Sergeant, John 
 
 Sergeant, Jonattian Dickinson 378 
 
 Sergeant. Thomas 37~ 
 
 Service, Francis G 37 
 
 Session, WalterL 37 
 
 Settle, Thomas 37 
 
 Settle. Thomas 37 
 
 Severance, Luther .378 
 
 Sevier, Ambrose H 
 
 Sevier, John 
 
 Sewall, Samuel 
 
 Seward, George P 378 
 
 Seward, Frederick A 
 
 Seward. James L 
 
 Seward, WilliamH 379 
 
 Sewell, David .379 
 
 Sewell, James 379 
 
 Seybert, Adam 379 
 
 Seymour, David L 379 
 
 Seymour, Horatio. 379 
 
 Seymour, Horatio 379 
 
 Seymour, Origen S 379 
 
 Seymour, Thomas H 379 
 
 Seymour, William 379 
 
 Seys, John 379 
 
 Shadwick, William 379 
 
 Shafer, Jacob K 380 
 
 Shatter. Oscar C 380 
 
 Shaler, William .38ii 
 
 Sbaukland, William H 
 
 Shaiiklin. George 8 
 
 Shanks. John P. C 
 
 Shannon, George 380 
 
 Shannon. Peter C 380 
 
 Shannon, Thom.ls 380 
 
 Shannon, Thomas B 380 
 
 Shannon, Wilson 380 
 
 Sharkey, William L 380 
 
 Sliaron, William 3S0 
 
 Sharp, Solomon P 380 
 
 Sharpe, Peter 380 
 
 Sharpe, William 88(1 
 
 Sharswood, George 331 
 
 Shaver, Leonidas 381 
 
 Shaw, Aaron asi 
 
 Shaw, Henry 38; 
 
 Shaw, Henry M 381 
 
 Shav.-. Samuel 381 
 
 Shaw. Tristam 381 
 
 Sheafe, James 381 
 
 Shealhey. James 381 
 
 Shearman, Sylvester G 381 
 
 Sheats, Charles Christopher 381 
 
 ShefTer, Daniel 881 
 
 Shetiey, Daniel 381 
 
 Sheffield, William P .382 
 
 Shelahargcr, Samuel 883 
 
 Shelby, Isaac 
 
 Sheldon, Lionel A 
 
 Sheldon, Porter 
 
 Shepard, Charles B 
 
 Shepard. William B 
 
 Shepherd, Alexander R 
 
 Shepherd, William 
 
 Shepley, Ether 
 
 Sheplcy, George Foster 
 
 Sheplor. Matthias 
 
 Shepperd. AuL-nstas H 383 
 
 Sherburne, John S 
 
 Sherburne, Moses 
 
 Sheredine, Upton 
 
 Sherman, Charles R 
 
 Sherman, Charles T 383 
 
 Sherman, Henry 
 
 Sherman. John ■ 
 
 Sb.rman, J. W 
 
 Sherman, Roger 
 
 Sherman, Robert Minot 384 
 
 Sheruian, Socrates N C84 
 
 Sherman, William Tecumseh 384 
 
 Sherrill, Eliakim 384 
 
 Sherrod, William C 384 
 
 Sherwood, Henry SS4 
 
 Sherwood, Isaac R 384 
 
 Sherwood, Samuel 384 
 
 Sherwood, Samuel B 384 
 
 Shiel, George K 384 
 
 Shields, Benjamin G 3S4 
 
 Shields, Ebenezer J 384 
 
 Shields, James 384 
 
 Shields, James 384 
 
 Shields. William Bayard 385 
 
 Shi nn, William N 335 
 
 Shipherd, Zebulon R 385 
 
 Shipman. Nathaniel 385 
 
 Shippen, Edward 385 
 
 Shippen, William 886 
 
 Shober, Francis E 385 
 
 Shoemaker, Lazarus D 385 
 
 Sliort, William 385 
 
 Shorter.Eli 8 385 
 
 Shorler,John Gill 385 
 
 Shower, Jacob 385 
 
 Shube, John Andre vf 385 
 
 Shunk, Francis R 385 
 
 Sibley, Henry H 885 
 
 Sibley, Jonas 385 
 
 Sibley, Mark H -386 
 
 Sibley, Solomon 386 
 
 Sickles, Daniel E 386 
 
 Sickles, Nicholas 386 
 
 Siirreaves, Lorenzo 386 
 
 Sill,TnomasH 386 
 
 Silsbee, Nathaniel 886 
 
 Silvester, Peter 386 
 
 Silvester, Peter H 386 
 
 Simkins.Eldred 386 
 
 Simmons, George A 386 
 
 Simmons, James F 386 
 
 Simms, William E 386 
 
 Simons, Samuel 386 
 
 Simonton, William 386 
 
 Simpson, Jos iah 386 
 
 Simpson, Richard F 386 
 
 Sims, Alexander D 387 
 
 Sims, Leonard n 387 
 
 Sinclair, Charles B 387 
 
 Singleton, Olho R 387 
 
 Singleton, Thomas D 387 
 
 Sinn ickson, Clement H 387 
 
 Sinnickson, Thomas 387 
 
 Sinnickson, Thomas 387 
 
 Sltgreaves, Charles 287 
 
 Silgreaves, John 887 
 
 Si I greaves, Samuel 387 
 
 SkSlton, Charles 387 
 
 Skinner, John S 387 
 
 Skinner, Richard 387 
 
 Skinner, St. John B. L 387 
 
 Skinner, Thomson J., Jr 368 
 
 Slade, Charles 38S 
 
 Slade, William 388 
 
 Slater, James H 388 
 
 Slaughter, Gabriel 388 
 
 Slaymaker, Amos 388 
 
 Slemons, W. F 388 
 
 Slidell, John 388 
 
 Slingerland, John 1 3S8 
 
 Sloan, Andrew 388 
 
 Sloan, A. Scott 3f 8 
 
 Sloan, IthamarC 388 
 
 Sloan, James 388 
 
 Sloane, John 388 
 
 Sloane, Jonathan 389 
 
 Slocum, Henry W 389 
 
 Slocum, Jesse 389 
 
 Sloss, Joseph H 389 
 
 Slongb, John P 389 
 
 Small, William B 389 
 
 Smalley, David A 889 
 
 Smalls, Robert 389 
 
 Smart, Ephraim K 389 
 
 Smart, James S 389 
 
 Smelt, Dennis 890 
 
 Smilie, John 390 
 
 Smith, Albert 390 
 
 Smith, Albert 390 
 
 Smith, Alcock C 390 
 
 Smith, Arthur 390 
 
 Smith, Ballard 390 
 
 Smith, Benjamin 390 
 
 Smith, Bernard 390 
 
 Smith, Boardman H 890 
 
 Smith, Caleb B 390 
 
 Smith, Daniel 390 
 
 Smiih, Delazon 390 
 
 Smith, Edward Henry 890 
 
 Smith, Edward P 390 
 
 Smith, Edwin B 391 
 
 Smith, Francis O.J 891 
 
 Smith, Frederick 391 
 
 Smiih, George 391 
 
 Smith, George L 391 
 
 Smith, George William 891 
 
 Smith, Gerrit ,391 
 
 Smiih, Green Clay 391 
 
 Smith, Henry 391 
 
 Smiih, Herr A 391 
 
 Smith, Isaac 391 
 
 Smith, Isaac 891 
 
 Smith, Israel 391 
 
 Smith, .James 891 
 
 Smith, James Milton 391 
 
 Smith, James S 391 
 
 Smith, James Y 391 
 
 Smith, Jcdediah K 398 
 
 Smith, Jeremiah 392 
 
 Smi 1 h, John 39S 
 
 f-mith, John 392 
 
 Smith, John 393 
 
 Smith,John 392 
 
 Smith, John A 892 
 
 Smith, John Ambler 392 
 
 Smith, JohnB 892- 
 
 Smith, John Cotton 392 
 
 Smith, John Cotton 392 
 
 Smith, John Gregory 392 
 
 Smiih, John Q 392 
 
 Smith, John Speed 392 
 
 Smith, Oliver Hampton 393 
 
 Smith, John T 393 
 
 Smith, Jonathan B 393 
 
 Smith, Joseph L 393 
 
 Smith, Josephs 898 
 
 Smith, Josiah 393 
 
 Smith, Melancthon 893 
 
 Smith. Merriwether 893 
 
 Smith, Nathan 393 
 
 Smith, Nathaniel 393 
 
 Smith, Perry 393 
 
 Smith, Richard 393 
 
 Smith, Robert 393 
 
 Smith, Robert 893 
 
 Smith, Samuel S98 
 
 Smith, Samuel 894 
 
 Smith, Samuel 394 
 
 Smith, Samuel A 394 
 
 Smith, Samuel A 894 
 
 Smith, Samuel Emmerson 391 
 
 Smith, Thomas 394 
 
 Smith, Thomas 394 
 
 Smith, Thomas 394 
 
 Smith, Thomas L 391 
 
 Smiih, Truman 394 
 
 Smith, Walter H 394 
 
 Smith, William 894 
 
 Smith, William 394 
 
 Smith, William 394 
 
 Smith, William 894 
 
 Smith, William 894 
 
 Smith, William 895 
 
 Smith, William Alexander 895 
 
 Smith, William E 895 
 
 Smith, William H 395 
 
 Smith. William Loughton 895 
 
 Smith, William N. H 395 
 
 Smith, William R 395 
 
 Smith, William Stephens 395 
 
 Smiih, Worthington C 895 
 
 Smith, W. J 895 
 
 Smilbers, Nathaniel B 39.'i 
 
 Smvth, Alexander 396 
 
 Smytb, Frederick 396 
 
 Smyth, George W 396 
 
 Smyth, William 396 
 
 Snapp, H 396 
 
 Sneed, William H 396 
 
 Snodgrass, John Fryall 896 
 
 Snow, William W .396 
 
 Snow, Zerubhabel 396 
 
 Snowden, James Ross 39l> 
 
 Snyder, Adam W 896 
 
 Snyder, John 396 
 
 Snvder, Oliver P 896 
 
 Snyder, Simon 396 
 
 Sollers, Augustus R 396 
 
 Solomon, Edward 39l> 
 
 Somes, DauielE 3'J6 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 073 
 
 Soiile, Niiihan 398 
 
 Soule, Pierre 3il6 
 
 Soulhiinl, Henry 397 
 
 Soinhiird, lenac 397 
 
 Somhanl, Miltim 1 397 
 
 Soulhard, !>nmnel L 397 
 
 SonlhL'Ute, William W 397 
 
 Spai^'ht. Richard D 397 
 
 Spaislit, Richard D 397 
 
 Spiildin;;. Riilus Paine 397 
 
 Spaldiuj;, 'I'hornas 397 
 
 Spnngler, David 397 
 
 Span-ler, Jacob H9S 
 
 Sparks, William A. J 398 
 
 Spaiildin" Elbridge G 398 
 
 Speed. J.jmes 39S 
 
 Speed. 'I'll. .mas 393 
 
 Speer, Ri.liert Milton 39S 
 
 Speight, .lo-se 398 
 
 Spencc, Carroll 39S 
 
 Sponce, John S 398 
 
 Spence. Thomas A 398 
 
 Spencer. Ambrose 398 
 
 Spencer, E:ij:ih 898 
 
 Spencer, George E 398 
 
 Spencer, Jamee B 398 
 
 Spenc.r, .John C 39s 
 
 Spencer, Jot^eph 3!'9 
 
 Spencer, Kichard 399 
 
 Spink. S. L 399 
 
 Spinner, Francis E 399 
 
 Spofford, Ainsworth Rand 399 
 
 Spragiie, William 399 
 
 Sprngiie, Peleg 399 
 
 Spragne. Peleg 399 
 
 Sprague, William 490 
 
 Spragne, William 400 
 
 Sprague. William P 400 
 
 Sprigg, .lames C 400 
 
 Spring, Michael C 400 
 
 Sprigg, Richard 4110 
 
 S[)riL'g, Samuel 400 
 
 Sprigg, Thomas 400 
 
 Sprijg. William 400 
 
 Sprii'ger. William M 400 
 
 SprUi.nc-, Presley 400 
 
 Sqnier. Ephraim George 400 
 
 Slalhvortli. James A 400 
 
 Stanard. Edwin 400 
 
 Stanard, Robert 401 
 
 Stanbery, ll.-nry 401 
 
 Stanberry. William 401 
 
 SUindefc.rd, Elisba D 401 
 
 Slandifer, Janus 401 
 
 Stanford. I.eland 401 
 
 Stanf.ird, Richard 401 
 
 Stanley, Edward .'.... 401 
 
 Stanley, John 401 
 
 Stansbnry. Howard 401 
 
 Slantiin, Benjamin 401 
 
 Slanton. Edwin M 401 
 
 Stanton. Fiederiek P 41)3 
 
 Stanioii, Joseph 402 
 
 Stanton, Richard H 404 
 
 Staple*. William Read 404 
 
 Stark, BenJHmin 402 
 
 Starkweather, David A 
 
 Stevens, Heftor L 405 
 
 Srevens. Hiram S 405 
 
 Stevens, Isaac 1 405 
 
 Stevens, James 405 
 
 tevens, John L 405 
 
 rcveiis. Snmnel 405 
 
 levens. Thaddeus 4li5 
 
 Stevenson, Andrew 405 
 
 Sieveiifon, A. E 405 
 
 ■enson. Job E 40B 
 
 Stevenson, John W 406 
 
 Stevenson, William E 40C 
 
 Stewart, Alexander 406 
 
 Stewart, Alexander T 406 
 
 Stewart. Andrew 40ii 
 
 Stewart, Archibald 406 
 
 Stewart, David 40ii 
 
 Stewart, James 406 
 
 Stewart, James A 406 
 
 Stewart, John 
 
 Starkweather, Ge 
 
 102 
 
 Ste 
 
 406 
 
 Starkweather, Henry H 402 
 
 SUrr. JohnF 402 
 
 St. Clair, Arthur 402 
 
 tteadman.J. H 403 
 teams, Asahel 403 
 
 Stetibiua, Henry G 4'i3 
 
 Btedman, William 403 
 
 Steele. John 403 
 
 Steele. John B 403 
 
 Steele, John H 403 
 
 Steele, John N 403 
 
 Steele, William G 40! 
 
 Bieelc. William R 403 
 
 Stcenrod. Lewis 403 
 
 Btenger, William S 403 
 
 Slepben.John 401 
 
 6iepb.-ns, Abraham P.. 404 
 
 Stephens. Alexander H 404 
 
 Stephens, John Lloyd 401 
 
 Stephens, Philander 404 
 
 Stephens. William 404 
 
 Stephen.'On, Benjamin 404 
 
 Stephenson, James.... 404 
 
 Slephi nson. James S 404 
 
 Stephens Ml. John G 404 
 
 Steptne, Edward Jenner 404 
 
 Sterisrere, John B 404 
 
 Sterling. Ansel 404 
 
 Sterling. Micah 404 
 
 Steriett, Samuel, 404 
 
 Stetson. Charles 404 
 
 Stets(m. Lemuel 405 
 
 Ste 
 
 , Aar 
 
 4115 
 
 t. John W 106 
 
 Sti'wart, Robert M 406 
 
 Stewart, Thomas E 4116 
 
 Stewart. William 406 
 
 Stewart. William M 407 
 
 Stiles. Georae P 407 
 
 Stiles, John D 4117 
 
 Stiles. William H 407 
 
 Stilwell, Thomas L. 407 
 
 St. John, Charles 407 
 
 St. John. Daniel B 407 
 
 St. John. Henry 407 
 
 St. Martin. Louis 407 
 
 Stockton, John P 407 
 
 Slockinn, Richard 407 
 
 Stockton, Kichard 407 
 
 Stockton, Robert FieUI 408 
 
 Stockton, Thomas 408 
 
 Sloddard. Ebenezer 418 
 
 Stoddart, John T. 408 
 
 Stoddert, Benj.imin 408 
 
 Stokely. Samuel 4118 
 
 Stokirs. John 408 
 
 Stokes, IMontford 408 
 
 Stokes, William B 40S 
 
 Stone, Ali'xaiider W 408 
 
 Stcnie. Alfred P 408 
 
 Stone, David 41'8 
 
 Stone. Frederick 408 
 
 Stone, Horatio 409 
 
 Stone, James 409 
 
 Stone, James W 409 
 
 Stone, John Haskins 409 
 
 Sione, Michael 4ii9 
 
 Stone, Thomas 409 
 
 Stone. William 4119 
 
 Stone, William H 409 
 
 Stone, William M 409 
 
 Storer, Bellaniv 409 
 
 Storer. clemeiit 409 
 
 Storm. John B 409 
 
 Stoirs, Henry R 409 
 
 Storrs, William L 409 
 
 Story, Joseph 409 
 
 Story, \\ illiam 410 
 
 Stonghton, William L 410 
 
 Stout, Jacob 410 
 
 Stout, Lansing 410 
 
 Stover. JohnU 410 
 
 Stow, Silas 410 
 
 Stowell, William H. H 410 
 
 Slower, Johi G 410 
 
 Strailer, Otto 410 
 
 Strader. P. W 410 
 
 Strait. Horace B 410 
 
 Stranahan, J. S. T 410 
 
 Strange, Robert 410 
 
 Stralton, Charles C 410 
 
 Stralion, John 410 
 
 Strattou, John L. N 410 
 
 Stratlon, Nathan T 411 
 
 Straub. Christian M 411 
 
 Strawbridge. James D 41 1 
 
 Sireet. Randall S 411 
 
 Streeter. F. B :.... 411 
 
 Strickland, O. F 411 
 
 Strickland, Randolph 411 
 
 Strohui, John 411 
 
 Strong, Caleb 411 
 
 Strong, James 411 
 
 Strong, Jedediah 411 
 
 S'.rong. Julius L 411 
 
 Strong. S.lah B 411 
 
 Strong. Simeon 411 
 
 ftrong, Solomon 411 
 
 Strong, Stephen 411 
 
 Strong, Theron R 411 
 
 Strong, William 412 
 
 Strong, William 
 
 Stevens, BiadfordN 405 
 
 Strother. James F 412 
 
 Stroud. George McDowell 412 
 
 Strouse. Jlyer 412 
 
 Stnidwick. William E 412 
 
 Stuai t, Alexander 412 
 
 Stuart, Alexander H. H 412 
 
 Stuart. Andrew 412 
 
 Smart. Archibald AH 
 
 Stuart. Charles E 412 
 
 , David 412 
 
 Stuart, John T 412 
 
 Stuart. Philip 412 
 
 Stnrseon Daniel 412 
 
 Sturges, John 413 
 
 St urgis, Jonathan 413 
 
 Sturgis, Lewis Burr 413 
 
 Sullivan, George 413 
 
 Sullivan, James 413 
 
 Sullivan, John 413 
 
 Sullivan. Peter J 413 
 
 Summers, George W 413 
 
 Sumner. Charles 413 
 
 Sumner, Increase 413 
 
 Sumter, Thomas 414 
 
 Sumter, Thomas D 414 
 
 Sutherland. Jabez G 414 
 
 Snlherlaud, ,To.l B 414 
 
 Sutherland. Josiah 414 
 
 Swain. David Lowry 414 
 
 John 414 
 
 .San 
 
 414 
 
 Sir 
 
 . Wi 
 
 412 
 
 Strotlier, George F 412 
 
 Swann, Thomas 414 
 
 Swnnwick, John 414 
 
 Swart, Peter 414 
 
 Swayne. Noah H 414 
 
 Swearingen. Henry 414 
 
 Swearingen, Tliomas V 414 
 
 Sweal. Lorenzo D. M 41 1 
 
 Sweeney, W. N 415 
 
 Sweeney. Georire 415 
 
 Swei'tser, Charles 415 
 
 Swift. Benjamin 415 
 
 Swift. Zeiilianiah 415 
 
 Swintr, Philip B 415 
 
 Switzler, William Franklin 415 
 
 Swoope, Jacob 415 
 
 Swnope, Samuel F 415 
 
 Sykes, George 415 
 
 Sykes, James 415 
 
 Symnies, J. hn Cleves 415 
 
 Sypher. J. Hale 415 
 
 Taber, Stephen 415 
 
 Taber. Thomas 415 
 
 Tabert. Alfred T. A 415 
 
 Tabor, Stephen J. W 415 
 
 Taffe. John 416 
 
 Taggart, Samuel 41H 
 
 Tail, Charles 41B 
 
 Talbot, Isham 416 
 
 Talbot, Matthew 416 
 
 Talbot. Silas 416 
 
 Talbot, ThomasH 416 
 
 Talbott. Albert G 416 
 
 Taliaferro. Benjamin 416 
 
 Taliaferro, John 416 
 
 Tallmadge, Benjamin 416 
 
 Tallmadge, Frederick A 416 
 
 Tallmadge, James, Jr 416 
 
 Tallmadge, Maihias B 416 
 
 Tallmadge. Nathaniel P 417 
 
 Tallman. Peleg 417 
 
 Taney. Roger B 417 
 
 Tanner, A. H 417 
 
 Tappan, Benjamin 417 
 
 Tappau, Mason W 417 
 
 Tarbox. John Kemble 417 
 
 Tarr. Christian 417 
 
 Tasistro. Limis Fitzgerald 417 
 
 Tate. Magnus 417 
 
 Tate, Thomas M 417 
 
 Tatnall, Edward F 417 
 
 Ta'iiall, Josiah 417 
 
 Tatnm. Absalom 418 
 
 Tanl, Micah 418 
 
 Taunehill. Adamson 418 
 
 Tayler. John 418 
 
 Tayler, Ri.bert Walker 41S 
 
 Tnyior, Alexander Wilson 418 
 
 Taylor, Asher 418 
 
 Taylor, Caleb N 418 
 
 Taylor. George 418 
 
 Taylor. Geor^-e 418 
 
 Tavlor, George K 418 
 
 Taylor, John 418 
 
 Tavlor,Jobn 418 
 
 Taylor, John J 418 
 
 Tavlor, John Louis 41s 
 
 Taylor, John L 41S 
 
 Taylor, John W 419 
 
 Taylor, Jonathan 419 
 
 Taylor, Miles 419 
 
 Taylor, Nathaniel G 419 
 
674 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Tavlnr, Nelson 419 
 
 Taylor, Robert 419 
 
 Taylor, Walter 419 
 
 Taylor, William 419 
 
 Taylor, William 419 
 
 Taylor, William 419 
 
 Taylor, Williiim B 419 
 
 Taylor, William R 419 
 
 Taylor. Zachary 419 
 
 Tazewell, Henry 419 
 
 Tazewell, Littleton W 420 
 
 Teese, Frederick H 420 
 
 Telfair, Edward 420 
 
 Telfair, Thomaf 420 
 
 Teller, Isaac 420 
 
 Temple, William 421) 
 
 Ten Bvck, Anthony 420 
 
 Ten Eyclt, Egbert 420 
 
 Ten Eyclv, John C 420 
 
 Tenney, Samuel 420 
 
 Terrill, William 420 
 
 Terry, Nathaniel 420 
 
 Terry, Seth 420 
 
 Terry, William 421 
 
 Test. John 421 
 
 Thucher, George 421 
 
 Thacher, J. M 421 
 
 Thacher, Samuel 421 
 
 Thayer, Eli 421 
 
 Thayer, John M 421 
 
 Thayer, M. Uussell 421 
 
 Thayer, William S 421 
 
 Theaker, Thomas C 421 
 
 Thibodeanx, B. G 421 
 
 Thibodeaujc, H. S 421 
 
 Thomas, Benjamin S 421 
 
 Thomas, Charles R 422 
 
 Thomas, Christopher T 422 
 
 Thomas, David 422 
 
 Thomas, D. B 422 
 
 Thomas. Edward A 422 
 
 Thomas, Francis 422 
 
 Thomas, Isaac 422 
 
 Thomas, James 422 
 
 Thomas, James Houston 422 
 
 Thomas, Jesse B 422 
 
 Thomas, John A 422 
 
 Thomas, John C 422 
 
 Thomas, John L., Jr 422 
 
 Thomas, Lorenzo 422 
 
 Thomas, Philemon 423 
 
 Thomas, Philip Francis 423 
 
 Thomas, Richard 42.3 
 
 Thomasson, William P 423 
 
 Thomi>son, Benjamin 423 
 
 Thompson, Charles P 423 
 
 Thompson, George W 423 
 
 Thompson, Hedge 42.3 
 
 Thompson, Jacob 42.3 
 
 Thompson, James 423 
 
 Thompson, James 423 
 
 Thompson, JokI 42:J 
 
 Thompson, John 423 
 
 Thompson, John 423 
 
 Thompson, John 424 
 
 Thompson, John B 424 
 
 Thompson, Lucas P 424 
 
 Thompson, Mark 424 
 
 Thompsim, Oswald 424 
 
 Thompson, Philip 424 
 
 Thompson, Philip R 424 
 
 Thompson, Richard W 421 
 
 Thompson, Robert A 421 
 
 Thompson, Smith 424 
 
 Thompson, Thomas W 424 
 
 Thompson, Waddy 424 
 
 Thompson, Wiley 424 
 
 Thompson, William 424 
 
 Thomson, Alexander 424 
 
 Thomson, Charles 424 
 
 Thomson, John 425 
 
 Thomson, John R 425 
 
 Thoriiifflon, James 425 
 
 Th.nnbnr^'h, Jacob M 425 
 
 Thoilitnii, Anthony 425 
 
 Thnrntim, James B 425 
 
 Thi.rm.in, Mntthew 425 
 
 'i'lionito.i. William 425 
 
 Tliori., William 425 
 
 ThnKkmortoii, J. W 425 
 
 Thioup, EnosT 425 
 
 Thrusion, Buckner 428 
 
 Thurinaii, Allen G 425 
 
 Thurman, John R 426 
 
 Thurston, Benjamin B 42e 
 
 Thurston, Samuel R 425 
 
 Tibhatts, John W 426 
 
 Tibbet ts, George 42B 
 
 Tiehen.ir. Isaac 426 
 
 Tiffin. Edward 426 
 
 Tift. Nelson 42B 
 
 Tildeu, Daniel R 426 
 
 Tilden, Samuel J 426 
 
 Tilghman, Edward , 426 
 
 Tilghman, Matthew 426 
 
 Tilghman, Tench 426 
 
 Tilghman, William 426 
 
 Tillingliasl, Joseph L 426 
 
 Tillinghast, Thomas 427 
 
 Tillman, Lewis 427 
 
 Tilton, Daniel 427 
 
 Tilton, James 427 
 
 Tipton, John 427 
 
 Tipton, Thomas W 427 
 
 Titcomb, Jonathan 427 
 
 Titus, John 427 
 
 Titus. Obadiah 427 
 
 Tod, David 427 
 
 Tod, George 427 
 
 Tod, .John 427 
 
 Todd, Charles S 427 
 
 Todd, John 427 
 
 Todd, John B. S 427 
 
 Todd, Lemuel 428 
 
 Todd, Thomas 428 
 
 Toland, George W 428 
 
 Tomliuson, Gideon 428 
 
 Tomlinson, Thomas A 428 
 
 Tompkins, Caleb 428 
 
 Tompkins, Christopher 428 
 
 Tompkins, Cydnor B 428 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D 428 
 
 Tompkins, George 428 
 
 Tompkins, Patrick W 428 
 
 Toombs, Robert 428 
 
 Toomer,JohnD 428 
 
 Toucey, Isaac 428 
 
 Toulmin. Harry 429 
 
 Towles, Thomas 429 
 
 Towns, George W 429 
 
 Townsend, Dwight 429 
 
 Townsend, George 42il 
 
 Townsend, James 429 
 
 Townsend, Martin I .. . 429 
 
 Townsend, N. S 429 
 
 Townsend, Washington 429 
 
 Tracy, Albert H 429 
 
 Tracy, Andrew 429 
 
 Tracy, n. W 429 
 
 Tracy. Phineas L 429 
 
 Tracy, Uri 429 
 
 Trary, Uriah 429 
 
 Trafton, Mark 430 
 
 Train, Charles R 430 
 
 Trapier, Paul 430 
 
 Treadwell, John 4.30 
 
 Treat, Samuel 430 
 
 Treat. Samuel H 4.30 
 
 Tredway, William M 430 
 
 Tredwell, Thomas 430 
 
 Tremain, Lyman 4.30 
 
 Trescolt, William H 430 
 
 Trezvant. James 4.30 
 
 Trigg, Abram 430 
 
 Trigg, Connally F 430 
 
 Triag, John 430 
 
 Trimble, Allen 4.30 
 
 Trimble, Cary A 431 
 
 Trimble, David 431 
 
 TrimbU',John 431 
 
 Trimble, John Harrison 431 
 
 Trimble, Lawrence S 431 
 
 Trimble, Robert 4.31 
 
 Trimble, William 431 
 
 Trimble, William A 4,31 
 
 Triplet!, Philip 431 
 
 Tripp, Robert P 431 
 
 Trotter, P. James 431 
 
 Troup, George M 431 
 
 Troup, Robert 4tl 
 
 Trousdale, William 431 
 
 Trout, Michael 432 
 
 Trowbridge, Rowland E 482 
 
 Trnelt, George 4.32 
 
 Trumbo. Andrew 432 
 
 Trumbull, John 432 
 
 Trumbull, John 432 
 
 Trumbull, Jonathan 438 
 
 Trumbull, Jonathan 432 
 
 Trumbull, Joseph 432 
 
 Trumbull, Joseph 4.32 
 
 Trumbull, Lyman 433 
 
 Tuck. Amos 433 
 
 Tucker, Beverly 433 
 
 Tucker, Ebenezer 4.33 
 
 Tucker, George 433 
 
 Tucker, Henry St. George 433 
 
 Tucker, John 4.33 
 
 Tucker, J. R 433 
 
 Tucker, Starling 4.33 
 
 Tucker, St George 433 
 
 Tucker, Thomas Tndor 433 
 
 Tucker, Tilghman M 4:-'3 
 
 Tuckerman. Charles T 433 
 
 Tudor, William 433 
 
 Tudor, William 433 
 
 Tnft8,John Quincy 434 
 
 Turner, Benjamin Steeling 434 
 
 Til iner, Charles 4.34 
 
 Turner, Daniel 434 
 
 Turner. George 484 
 
 Turner, James 434 
 
 Turner, James 4.34 
 
 Turner, Josiah 434 
 
 Turner.J. Milton 434 
 
 Turner, Thomas 434 
 
 Turner, Thomas G 434 
 
 Turner, Thomas J 4.34 
 
 Turner, Turner 434 
 
 Turner, William F 434 
 
 Turney, Hopkins L 434 
 
 Turiiey, Jacob 4.35 
 
 Turpie, D 435 
 
 Turpin, Edwin A 435 
 
 Tnrrel), Joel 435 
 
 Tuthill, Joseph H 435 
 
 Tuthill, Selah 4.35 
 
 Tweed, Charles A 435 
 
 Tweed, William M 435 
 
 Tweedy, John H 435 
 
 Tweedy, Samuel 435 
 
 Twitchell. Elmira Gineiy 435 
 
 Tyler, Asher 435 
 
 Tyler,John 435 
 
 Tyler, John 435 
 
 Tyler, Royal! 435 
 
 Tyner, James N 436 
 
 Tyson, Jacob 430 
 
 Tyson, Job R 43B 
 
 Tyson, J. W 436 
 
 Udree. Daniel 4.36 
 
 Underbill, Walter 436 
 
 Underwood, John C 43l> 
 
 Underwood, John W. H 436 
 
 Underwood. Joseph R 436 
 
 Underwood, Warner L 436 
 
 Upham, Charles W 436 
 
 Uphnm, George B 437 
 
 Upham, Jabez 437 
 
 Upham, Nathaniel 437 
 
 Upham, Nathaniel Lookin 437 
 
 Upham, William 4.37 
 
 Upshur, Abel Parker 437 
 
 Upson, Charles 437 
 
 Upson, William H 437 
 
 Usher, -John P 437 
 
 Vail, Aitron 4.37 
 
 Vail. George 437 
 
 Vail, Hen ly 437 
 
 Valk, William W 437 
 
 Vallandingham, Clement L 437 
 
 Van Aernain, Henry 438 
 
 Van Allen, James Q 438 
 
 Van Allen, John E 438 
 
 Van Allen, John T 438 
 
 Van Aukeu, Dennis M 4.38 
 
 Van Biiren, John 438 
 
 Van Buren, Martin 438 
 
 Vance, John L 4.38 
 
 Vance, Joseph ■ 4.38 
 
 Van ce, Robert Braiik 438 
 
 Vance, Robert B 438 
 
 Vance, Zebulon B 4.38 
 
 Van Cortlandt, Philip 439 
 
 Van Cortlandt, Pierce, Jr 439 
 
 Vanderburg. John C 439 
 
 Vanderhorst, Arnoldus 439 
 
 Vanderlyn, John 439 
 
 Vandeipool, Aaron 439 
 
 Vanderveer. Abraham 439 
 
 Vandever, William 4.39 
 
 Van Dyke, John 439 
 
 Van Dyke, Nicholas 439 
 
 Van Dyke, Nicholas 439 
 
 Van Gaasbeck, Peter 439 
 
 Van Horn, Burt 4.39 
 
 Van Horn, Robert T 439 
 
 Van Home, Archibald 439 
 
 Van Home, Espy 489 
 
 Van Home, Isaac 439 
 
 Van Houten. Isaac B 4-39 
 
 Van Metre, John J 439 
 
 Van Ness, Cornelius Peter 439 
 
 Van Ness, John P 440 
 
 Van Ness, William P 440 
 
 Van Ness, William W 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Henry 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Killian K 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Solomon 440 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Stephen 440 
 
 Vansant. Joshua 440 
 
 Van Trump, Philadelph 440 
 
 Van Valkenburgb, Robert B 440 
 
 Van Voorhes, Nelson H 440 
 
 Van Winkle, Peter G 441 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 675 
 
 Van Wyck, Charles H 441 
 
 Van Wyck. William W 441 
 
 Vuinum. James Milcliell 441 
 
 Varniim, John 441 
 
 Varnum. Joseph Brailley 441 
 
 Vau;;han. William W 441 
 
 Vaux, KolKM-tf 441 
 
 Veazey, Thomas W 441 
 
 Venable, Abraham B 441 
 
 Veuable, Abraham W 441 
 
 Venable, William E 441 
 
 Verplanck, Daniel C 441 
 
 Verplanck, Gillian C 441 
 
 Verree. Jonn P 442 
 
 Vibbaid, Chauncy 442 
 
 Vickers, Gi'orge 442 
 
 Videl, Michel 442 
 
 Villere, Jaquez 442 
 
 Vining, John 442 
 
 Vinton. Samuel F 442 
 
 Voorhecs, Daniel W 442 
 
 Vose. Henry 442 
 
 Vdse, Roger 442 
 
 Vroom, Peter D 442 
 
 Waiklell, Alfred Moore 413 
 
 Wade, Benjamin F 443 
 
 Wade, Decius S 443 
 
 Wade, Edward 443 
 
 Wadleigli, Bu inbridge 443 
 
 Wadsivorth, James 443 
 
 Wads worth, Jeremiah 443 
 
 Wadsworth, Peleg 443 
 
 Wadswoith, William H 443 
 
 Wauener, David D 443 
 
 Waguainann. George A 443 
 
 WaL-ner. Peter J 443 
 
 Waite, Charles B 443 
 
 Waite, Henry Matson 443 
 
 Waite, Morrison R 444 
 
 Wakely, Ebenezer 444 
 
 Wakeman, Abraham 444 
 
 WalDriJge, David S 444 
 
 Walbridge. Henry S 444 
 
 Walbridge, Hiram 444 
 
 Walcott, C. ]' 444 
 
 Walden, Hiram 444 
 
 Walden, Madison M 444 
 
 Waldo, H. L 444 
 
 Waldo, Lorin P 444 
 
 Waldron, Henry 444 
 
 Wales, George E 444 
 
 Wales, John 444 
 
 Walker, Amasa 444 
 
 Walker, Benjamin 445 
 
 Walker, Charles M 415 
 
 Walker. C. C. B 445 
 
 Walker, David 415 
 
 WalkiT, David S 445 
 
 Walker. Felix 415 
 
 Walker, Francis 445 
 
 Walker, Francis Amasa 415 
 
 Walker, Freeman 445 
 
 Walker, George 415 
 
 Walker, GiUiert C 445 
 
 Walker, Henderson 445 
 
 Walker, Isaac P 445 
 
 Walker, James 445 
 
 Walker, John 445 
 
 Walker, John H 445 
 
 Walker, John W 445 
 
 Walker, Joseph 445 
 
 Walker, Percy 445 
 
 Walker, Robert J 4-16 
 
 Walker, 'I'imolhy 44ii 
 
 Walker. William A 446 
 
 Wall, Garret D 446 
 
 Wall, James W 446 
 
 Wall, William 446 
 
 Wallace, Alexanders 416 
 
 Wallace, Daniel 445 
 
 Wallace, David 446 
 
 Wallace, .1 ames M 446 
 
 Wallace, John William 446 
 
 Wallace, John W 447 
 
 Wallace, William A 447 
 
 WalUce, William H [ 447 
 
 Wallace. William J 447 
 
 Walley, Samuel H 447 
 
 Walling. Ansel T 447 
 
 Walls, Josiah T 447 
 
 Wain, Ronert 447 
 
 Walsh. Mike 447 
 
 WaUh, M. Robert 447 
 
 Walsh, Thomas Y 417 
 
 Walsh, William 447 
 
 Walter. Thomas U 447 
 
 Walion, Charles W 448 
 
 Walton, E. P 448 
 
 Walton, Georse J48 
 
 Walton, Matthew 443 
 
 Walworth. Reuben Hyde 44S 
 
 Ward, Aaron 448 
 
 Ward, Artema? 448 
 
 Ward, Artemas 44S 
 
 Ward, A. H 448 
 
 Ward, Elijah 418 
 
 Ward, Hamilton 449 
 
 Ward, Henry 449 
 
 Ward, JasperD 449 
 
 Ward, John E 449 
 
 Ward, Jonathan 449 
 
 Ward, Marcus L 449 
 
 Ward, Matthias 449 
 
 Ward, Samuel 449 
 
 Ward, Thomas 449 
 
 Ward, William T 449 
 
 Warden, Daniel 449 
 
 Ware, Ashur 449 
 
 Ware, Nicholas 419 
 
 Warlield, Henry R 449 
 
 Warmouth, Henry C 449 
 
 Warner, Hiram 449 
 
 Warner, Samuel L 450 
 
 Warner, Willard 450 
 
 Warren, Ooriielius 450 
 
 Warren, Edward A 450 
 
 Warren, Fitz Henry 450 
 
 Warren, Joseph M 450 
 
 Warren, Lott 450 
 
 Warren, W. L. F 4.50 
 
 Warren, W. W 450 
 
 Washburn, Cadwalader C... 4ri0 
 
 Washburn, Chailes A 460 
 
 Washburn, Emory 450 
 
 Washburn, Henry D 451 
 
 Washburn, Israel, Jr 451 
 
 Washburn, Peter Thacher 451 
 
 Washburn, William B 451 
 
 Washburne, EllihuB 451 
 
 Washington, Bushrod 451 
 
 Wa^'hi^gton, George 451 
 
 Washington. George C 452 
 
 Washington, Peter G 462 
 
 Washington, William H 4.52 
 
 Watkins, Albert Q 4.52 
 
 Walkins, Tobias 4.52 
 
 Watmough, John Q 4.52 
 
 Watrous. John C 452 
 
 Watson, Cooper K 4.52 
 
 Walson, James 452 
 
 Watson, P. H 452 
 
 Watlcrson, Harvey M 452 
 
 Watterston, George 452 
 
 Walts, Beaufort T 462 
 
 Wai IS, Frederick 452 
 
 Watts, HenryM 453 
 
 Watts. John 453 
 
 Watts, John S 453 
 
 Watts, Thomas H 453 
 
 Wayne, Anthony 453 
 
 Wavne, Isaac 453 
 
 W'ayne, James M 453 
 
 Weaklev, Robert 463 
 
 Webb, James 4.53 
 
 Webb, James Watson 453 
 
 Webster, Daniel 454 
 
 Webster, Edwin H 464 
 
 Webster, Taylor 454 
 
 Weeks, John W 454 
 
 Weeks, Joseph 454 
 
 Weems, John C 454 
 
 Weightman, Richard Hanson 454 
 
 Weightman, Roger C 4,54 
 
 Weir. Robert Walter 4.56 
 
 Welch, AdonijaS 4.55 
 
 Welch, John 4.55 
 
 Welch, William H 455 
 
 Welch, William W 455 
 
 Welker. Martin 4.55 
 
 Wellborn, M. J 4.55 
 
 Weller, John B 455 
 
 Welles, Gideon 456 
 
 Wells, Alexander 456 
 
 Wells, Allred 455 
 
 Wells, Daniel. Jr 456 
 
 Wells, David A 455 
 
 Weils, Ebenezer T 456 
 
 Wells, Erastus 45B 
 
 Wells, Guilford Wiley 456 
 
 Wells, Henry H 456 
 
 Wells, Hezekiah G 456 
 
 Wells. H. H 456 
 
 Wells, James M 456 
 
 Wells, John 456 
 
 Wells, Johns 456 
 
 Wells, Robert W 456 
 
 Wells, Samuel 4.56 
 
 Wells, William H 456 
 
 Wendell. Cornelius 4.56 
 
 Wendover, Peler H 456 
 
 Weiitworth, John 456 
 
 Weiitworth, John, Jr 457 
 
 Wentworlh. Tappan ^7 
 
 West.J.R 457 
 
 Westbrook. John 457 
 
 VVesibrook. Theodoric R 457 
 
 Westcott, James D 457 
 
 Westerlo, Rensselaer 457 
 
 Weston, James A 457 
 
 Weston, James A 457 
 
 Wetliered, John 4.57 
 
 Whaley, Kelliau V 457 
 
 Whalhm, Reuben 467 
 
 Wharton, Jesse 457 
 
 Wharton, Samuel 458 
 
 Wheaton, Henry 458 
 
 W^heaton, Horace 458 
 
 Wheaton, Laban 458 
 
 Wheeler, Ezra 468 
 
 Wheeler, Grattan H 468 
 
 Wheeler, John 458 
 
 Wheeler, John H 458 
 
 Wheeler, William A 453 
 
 Whidden, Benjamin F 458 
 
 Whipple, Charles W 458 
 
 Whipple, Thomas 458 
 
 Whipple, William 4.58 
 
 Wliitcomb, James 468 
 
 White. Addison 459 
 
 White, Alberts 459 
 
 White, Alexander 459 
 
 White, Alexander 4i9 
 
 While, Allison 459 
 
 While, Barlow W 469 
 
 White, Benjamin 459 
 
 White, Campbell P 469 
 
 White, Chilton A 469 
 
 White, David 459 
 
 While, Edward D 469 
 
 White, Fortune C 459 
 
 White, Fruncis 469 
 
 White, Hugh 459 
 
 White, Hugh Lawson 459 
 
 White, James 460 
 
 While, James W 460 
 
 White,John 460 
 
 White, Joseph L 460 
 
 While, Joseph M 460 
 
 White, Joseph W 460 
 
 White, Julius 460 
 
 White, Leonard 460 
 
 White, Phillips 460 
 
 While, Pbilo 460 
 
 White, Phincas 4611 
 
 While, Samuel 460 
 
 White, Thomas , 460 
 
 Whitetteld. James 460 
 
 Whitehead, Ira C 460 
 
 Whiiehead. Thomas 460 
 
 WhilcliiU, James 460 
 
 Wliiti'hill. .I.iliii 4liU 
 
 Whiieliill, Holiert 461 
 
 VVIiileliouse, John O 461 
 
 Whiteley, Hichard Henry 461 
 
 Whiteley, William G 461 
 
 Whiteside, Jenkins 461 
 
 Whiteside, John 461 
 
 Whilclield, J. W 46T 
 
 Whilfleld, James 461 
 
 Whiting, George C 461 
 
 Whiting, Richard H 461 
 
 Whilman, Ezekiel 461 
 
 Whitman, Lemuel 4B1 
 
 Whitmore, George W 461 
 
 Whitney, Thomas E 461 
 
 Whitson, W. C 461 
 
 Whittaker, John 461 
 
 Whilteinore, Benjamin F 461 
 
 Whittemore, Blias 462 
 
 Wliitthorne, Washington C 462 
 
 Whiitlesey. Elisha 462 
 
 Whittlesey, Frederick 472 
 
 Whittlesey, Thomas T 462 
 
 Whittlesey. William A 462 
 
 Whyte. William Pmkney 462 
 
 Wick. William W 462 
 
 Wickes. Eliphalet 462 
 
 Wicklifle, Charles A 462 
 
 Wicklift'e, Robirt. Jr 462 
 
 Wickiiffe. Robert C 462 
 
 Widgery, William 462 
 
 Wijfall, LouisT 462 
 
 Wigginton, P. D 463 
 
 Wile. Scott 463 
 
 Willier, David 463 
 
 Wilbur, Isaac 463 
 
 Wilcox, Jeduthnn 463 
 
 Wilcox, John A 463 
 
 Wilcox. Leonard 463 
 
 Wildc. Richard Henry 463 
 
 Wilde. Samuel Sumner 463 
 
 Wilder, A . Carter 463 
 
 Wildman, Zalmon 463 
 
 Wildrick, Isaac 463 
 
 Wilev, James S 463 
 
 Wilkes, Charles 46b 
 
67G 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 J 
 
 Wilkin, James W 464 
 
 Wilkin, SamnelJ 4«4 
 
 Wilkins, Ro^s 4«4 
 
 Wilkins, William 4li4 
 
 Wilkinson, JamL'S 
 
 Wilkinson, Morten S 4c4 
 
 Wilhiril, Ashhel P VA 
 
 Willard, Charles W 4M 
 
 Willard, George 4(i4 
 
 Willard, John 464 
 
 Willard, John D 
 
 Willey, Calvin 464 
 
 Willey, Waitman T 465 
 
 Williams, AlphensS ■' 
 
 Williams, Andn-w 
 
 Williams, Archioaid 465 
 
 Williams. BL-njaniiii 4Br 
 
 Williams, Charles G 46i 
 
 Williams, Charles Killiourne 4iil 
 
 Williams. Christoplier H 46 
 
 Williams, David R 4t5 
 
 Williams, George II 
 
 Williams, Henry 465 
 
 Williams, IJezekiah 466 
 
 Williams, Isaac, Jr 466 
 
 Williams, James 46B 
 
 Williams James D 466 
 
 Williams, James W 466 
 
 Williams, Jared 466 
 
 Williams, Jared W 466 
 
 Williams, Jeremiah N 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, John 466 
 
 Williams, John M. S 466 
 
 Williams, Jonnlhan 466 
 
 Williams, Joseph 461 
 
 Wi 'liains, Joseph H 467 
 
 Williams, Joseph L 467 
 
 Williams, Joseph L 467 
 
 Williams, Leiiinel 467 
 
 Williams, Lewis 467 
 
 Williams, Marmadnke 467 
 
 Williams, Nathan 467 
 
 Williams, Renel 467 
 
 Williams. Robert 467 
 
 Wiiiiains. Samuel Wells 467 
 
 Williams, Sherrod 467 
 
 Williams, Thomas 467 
 
 Willi im>. Thomas Hill 467 
 
 Williams. Thomas H 467 
 
 Wilii.'ims. Thomas S.ott 467 
 
 Williams. Thomas W 46S 
 
 Williams. William 468 
 
 Williams, William 468 
 
 Williams, William 468 
 
 Williams, William B 46.S 
 
 Williamson, Georfje 468 
 
 Williamson, Hugh 46» 
 
 Williamson, Isaac H 468 
 
 WilliamsOTi, John G. A 468 
 
 Williamson. William D 46^ 
 
 Willie, AsaH 46!l 
 
 Willing. Thomas 46fl 
 
 Willis. Beiijomin A 46!l 
 
 Willis, Francis 469 
 
 Willoston, Lorenzo P 469 
 
 Willongiibv. Westel, Jr 469 
 
 Wilmot, David 469 
 
 Wilshire, William W 469 
 
 Wilson. Alexander 469 
 
 Wilson, Benjamin 
 
 Wilson, EflgurC 
 
 Wilson. Ephraim K 
 
 Wilson, EngeueM 469 
 
 Wilson, E. K 469 
 
 Wilson. Henry 
 
 Wilson. Heury 
 
 Wilsi>ii, Hiram V 1 470 
 
 WiUoii. Isaac \ 
 
 Wilson, James .~ 470 
 
 Wilson, James 470 
 
 Wilson, James 470 
 
 Wilson, James 470 
 
 Wilson, James 470 
 
 VVil-on, James 470 
 
 Wilson, James F 470 
 
 Wilson, James J 471 
 
 Wilson, Jeremiah M 471 
 
 Wilson, John 471 
 
 Wilson John 471 
 
 Wilson, John , 471 
 
 Wils.m, JohnL 471 
 
 Wilson, John T 471 
 
 Wilson, Joseph S 471 
 
 Wil.'-on, Nalhnn 471 
 
 Wilson, Robert 471 
 
 Wilson, Stephen F 471 
 
 WiUon, Thomas 471 
 
 Wilson, Thomas 471 
 
 Wil.on, Thomas S... 471 
 
 Wilson, William 471 
 
 Wil-on, Wjlliam 471 
 
 Winans, James January 471 
 
 Winchester, Boyd 471 
 
 Winchester, James 472 
 
 W'inder, Levin 472 
 
 Winder, William 472 
 
 Windom, William 472 
 
 Winlield, CharlesH 472 
 
 Wing, Austin E ATI 
 
 WiDL', E, Ramsey 472 
 
 Wingaie, Joseph F 472 
 
 Wiligate, Paine 472 
 
 Winlock, Joseph 472 
 
 Winslow, Warren 472 
 
 Winston, John A 473 
 
 Winston. Joseph 47-3 
 
 Wiiitir. Elisba J 47.3 
 
 Winthrop, Robert C 473 
 
 » in , W illiam 4S.3 
 
 Wise, Henry A 473 
 
 Wise, TullyR 473 
 
 Wisner, Henry 473 
 
 Wisner, Moses 473 
 
 Witcher, John S 47:-! 
 
 Wilhcrell, James , 473 
 
 Withers, Robert E 473 
 
 Withers, T. 1 474 
 
 Witherspoon, John - 474 
 
 M'itlKTspoon, Robert 474 
 
 Williey, Solomon L 474 
 
 Wilte, William 11 474 
 
 Wolcott. Oliver 474 
 
 Wolr, George 4-4 
 
 W"lr. William P.. 474 
 
 Wolfe, Simeon K 474 
 
 Wood, Abiel 474 
 
 Wood, Alan 474 
 
 Wood, AmosE 475 
 
 Wood, Benjamin 475 
 
 Wood, BradfordR 473 
 
 Wo. id, Fernando 475 
 
 Wood, George T 475 
 
 Wood, .lameB 475 
 
 Wooil. John 475 
 
 Wood. .lohn J 475 
 
 Wood. John M 475 
 
 Wood, Joseph 475 
 
 Wood, Reuben 475 
 
 Wood. Silas 475 
 
 Wood, William S 475 
 
 Woodliridge, Frederick E 475 
 
 Wondbridge, William 475 
 
 Woodbnrn, William 476 
 
 Woodbuiy, Levi 47B 
 
 Woodiock, David 476 
 
 Woodruff, George 476 
 
 Woodruff, John 476 
 
 Wooilrnff, Lcwjs B 476 
 
 Woodruff, Thomas M 476 
 
 Wimds, Andrew Salter 476 
 
 Woods, George L 476 
 
 Woods, Henry 476 
 
 Woods, John 476 
 
 Woods, John 4 ;6 
 
 Woods. John 476 
 
 Woods. W.B 476 
 
 Woods, William 476 
 
 Woodside, Jonathan F 476 
 
 Woodson, Samuel H 477 
 
 Woodson, Samuel H 477 
 
 Woodon. Silas 477 
 
 Woodward, Augustus B 477 
 
 Woodward, George W 477 
 
 Woodward, Joseph A 477 
 
 Woodward, William 477 
 
 Woiidwnrth, James H 477 
 
 Woodworlh, John 477 
 
 Woodworib, Laurin D 477 
 
 Woodvvorth, W'illiam W 477 
 
 Worcester, Samuel T 477 
 
 Word, Thomas J 477 
 
 Worman, Ludwig 477 
 
 Wortendyke, Jacob R. 477 
 
 Worih. Jiiiinthan 477 
 
 Worthingti.D, H. G 477 
 
 Worthiiigton, John T. U 478 
 
 Worthiiigton, Thomas 473 
 
 Won hinglon, Thomas C 478 
 
 Wright, Angn.stn8 B 473 
 
 WriLhl. Daniel B 47S 
 
 WriL'bt, Edwin R. V 478 
 
 Wright, George C 478 
 
 Wriglit, George H 478 
 
 Wriirht, Hendrick B 47S 
 
 Wright, John C 478 
 
 Wright, John V 378 
 
 Wright, Joseph A 478 
 
 Wright, Joshua G 47S 
 
 W'right, Robert 479 
 
 Wriuhi, Samuel G 479 
 
 Wright, Silas 479 
 
 Wright, Turbctt 479 
 
 Wright, William 479 
 
 Wullweber. Christian 479 
 
 Wnrlz. John 479 
 
 Wvehe, James E 479 
 
 Wvlie, Andrew 479 
 
 Wjncoop, Henry 479 
 
 Wynn. Richard 479 
 
 Wyuii, Thomas 479 
 
 W'Tthe, George 479 
 
 Ya'ncey, Benjamin C •. . . 480 
 
 Yancey. William L 480 
 
 Yancy, Bat llett 480 
 
 Yaiicy. Joel 480 
 
 Yarnall, Moidscai 480 
 
 Yates, .Abraham, Jr 480 
 
 Yates, Jesse J 480 
 
 Yates, John B 4S0 
 
 Yates, .loseph 480 
 
 Yatis, Richard 480 
 
 Y'ates, Roben 480 
 
 Yates, Peter W 480 
 
 Veamun, George H 480 
 
 Y'^eates. Jasper 480 
 
 Yell, Archibald 4B0 
 
 Yorke. Thomas J 481 
 
 Yost, Jacob S 481 
 
 Young, Ananstus 4X1 
 
 Young. Briirhain 481 
 
 Y'oluig, Bryan R 481 
 
 YontiL', Casey 481 
 
 Young, Ebetiezer 481 
 
 Young, John 481 
 
 Young. Johu D 481 
 
 Young, P. M. B 481 
 
 Y'oung. Richard M 481 
 
 Y'ouug, Timothy R 481 
 
 Ytmng, William S 481 
 
 Yule.-, David L 481 
 
 Zevely. Alexander N 482 
 
 Zollicoffer, Felix K . 482 
 
 Zubly, Johu Joachim 483 
 
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