iWi>i*"i" ^ ^ ^ ^'i' l ^ II 11 1 1 I I > ■ > ! i " '^*^ i^* " » ' '' * *iHi<a>Maw W * ft i ^f i rt i 
 
 or THE 
 
 iflRTH-gERMANJ 
 
 W^ 
 
 i> 
 
 
 
 'iTi"ir[nnrri)frr'tiniTWiTTtffiiriirni~iTrir-rfiiiriiirririmttntitiTftntnnniiTiiniiniii~n^T-mr-5niTnnTii-T-i"- 
 
Baggage Transfer. 
 
 THE NEW JERSEY TRANSFER AND BAGGAGE EXPRESS 
 
 of Hoboken, will upon arrival ol Steamers take orders ^rom 
 passengers on the pier, for the delivery of their baggage to 
 any part of New York City, Brooklyn, and vicinity, includ- 
 ing all Railroad Stations, Steamship and Steamboat Piers, 
 as well as to Hotels and Private Residences. 
 
 A prompt, reliable and satisfactory service by a respon- 
 sible Company at reasonable rates guaranteed. 
 
 BAGGAGE IN BOND. 
 
 Baggage in transit to foreign countries "/« Bond", 
 transferred in accordance with Custom House regulations. 
 
 BAGGAGE FOR SHIPMENT OR STORAGE. 
 
 Household goods and bulky packages forwarded by 
 "Freight" and Bills of Lading furnished. 
 
 Express Matter forwarded to any part of the 
 United States. 
 
 Baggage not required for immediate use, stored in a 
 commodious warehouse. 
 
 RAILWAY TICKETS. 
 
 Railway Tickets, via all of the principal Western 
 and Southern Railways, furnished to passengers on the pier 
 at regular tariff rates, and baggage checked to destination. 
 Sleeping and Drawing-Room car accommodations secured. 
 
 For any of the foregoing accommodations apply to 
 
 WILLIAM UTZ, PROPRIETOR, 
 
 or any Agent of the New Jersey Transfer and Baggage 
 ExPiiESS on the pier, or at the GENERAL Office, 
 
 77 
 
 No. 122 RIVER STREET, HOBOKEN, N. J. 
 
m iifiFtiiiiiits 
 
 IN THIS GUIDE 
 
 APPLY TO 
 
 J. REICHMANfNf & CANTOR 
 
 PUBLISHERS 
 
 JJEUE FRIEDRICH-STRASSE 55, BERLIN, GERMANY 
 31 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, TJ. S. 
 
 il: 
 
 Q> 
 
 in diesem Fiihrer 
 
 nehmen entgegen 
 
 Verlags-Anstalt 
 
 NEUE FRIEDRICH-STRASSE 55, BERLIN, GERMANY 
 31 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. 
 
Columbia 
 Chainless Bicycles 
 
 For Men and Price. ^17^ 
 Women. ■ ^i^*'« 
 
 Beautiful and graceful in outline, 
 clean cut and neat in appearance, 
 strong and rigid in construction, 
 swift and easy running on the level, 
 lightning on the dow^n grade, a mar- 
 velous hill-climber, the motive parts 
 throughout totally unaffected by 
 mud, dust rain or sleet, and a wheel 
 that can be appropriately used all 
 the year round, regardless of weath - 
 cr—that*s the Columbia Chainless. 
 
 Standard of the World. 
 
 POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 
 
 KCoiumbias are not properly represem- 
 ed in your vicinity, let us know. Chain- 
 less Bicycle Catalogue by m^il for one 
 2 cent stamp, or free by calling on any 
 Columbia dealer. 
 
U or A 4 e.^A'i':.V^e.r L\ o u 1 , I'T 'l-,V\ ?.r\ 
 
 GuiDe 
 
 THROUGH 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 EDITOR: ARTHUR SCHULER. 
 
 Souvenir 
 
 OF THE 
 
 North German Lloyd, Bremen. 
 
 PUBLISHERS: J. REICHMANN & CANTOR. 
 BERLIN C, Neue Friedrichstr. 55. 
 NEW- YORK, 31 Nassau Street. 
 
'•-7 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The . 'acknowledged usefulness of our European Guide, has induced 
 us to publish a similar work for North America. In this first edition, 
 the Dominion of Canada and Mexico have not jet been treated, but des- 
 criptions of Canada and the largest Spanish Republic, will be added. 
 
 In presenting our book to the public, we beg to say, that our aim 
 is to furnish a concise work of reference for the use of travelers in the 
 United States, containing hints and directions, which, we trust, may prove 
 serviceable to persons, whose time is limited; the more so, as all the 
 hotels, firms etc., mentioned in our Guide, are perfectly reliable. We 
 hope, therefore, that tourists will not fail to make a practical use of the 
 book. ■ The statistics have been taken from the last official Census Report 
 of 1890. The alphabetical system has been strictly adhered to, treating 
 every state for itself. Our sincere thanks are due for the cordial and 
 valuable assistance we have received from the various societies, railway 
 companies and to all those who have contributed to this work and actively 
 aided us with information. 
 
 We also express our thanks to Mr. L. Viereck, who has written 
 the chajpter on Alaska. 
 
 We shall be grateful to have our attention called to any errors or 
 inaccuracies, occuring in the book. 
 
 That our undertaking may contribute to the pleasure and profit of 
 oui" readers and patrons, is the sincere wish of the publishers. 
 
 Ap7^tl 1898. 
 
 J. Reichmann 8c Cantor. 
 
 BERLIN NEW YORK 
 
 Neue Friedrichstrasse 55. 31 Nassau Street. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 The North German Lloyd S. S. Co. of Bremeu. 
 Table of Railway and Steamboat 'Fares.' 
 United States of America. 
 Alphabetical List of Places. 
 Alphabetical List of Advertisers. 
 

 iimiim^sp. 
 
 - * 
 
 1 J 
 
 'r, 
 
 it^-'ffi 
 
Co 
 
1 lOffl GERIAN iLOII) 8. S. Co. OF 
 
 W' 
 
 hen an historian of the future under- 
 takes to write the history of Ger- 
 many's transoceanic trade, an important 
 chapter in his work will doubtless be 
 filled by the aimals of the North Ger- 
 man Lloyd S. S. Co. of Bremen. The 
 following short sketch of the develop- 
 ment of the Company will illustrate 
 how enterprise and broad-minded views 
 have, in the comparatively brief period 
 of a few decades, succeeded in obtaining 
 for the „Lloyd" the renewed and domin- 
 ant position, which it now enjoys alike 
 in the old and the new world. 
 
 The North German Lloyd, whose vessels now unite the four 
 corners of the globe, was founded in 1857, exactly ten years after 
 the period when for the first time a steamer, the „Washington", had 
 crossed the Atlantic on her voyage from Bremen to New York. The 
 service of the „Lloyd", which in the beginning was carried on by but 
 three small steamers, consisted during the first year only of one line 
 to England. However aheady in the following year, the New- York 
 line (the main object of the foundation of the Company), was opened 
 by the despatch of the „Bremen" with a full cargo, some steerage- 
 passengers, and one cabin-passenger. 
 
 A noteworthy success was attained the next year — 1859: the 
 „Lloyd" was entrusted with the carriage of the Anglo-American mails. 
 The experience which in the meantime had been gathered with 
 regard to the cargo and passenger business, as well as the generally 
 recognized regularity and safety of the service paved the way for a 
 rapid growth of the Company's fleet. In 1865 the passengers con- 
 veyed by the Company's steamers reached the number of 9714, in 
 1866 it became necessary to despatch a boat every week and in the 
 following year — ten years after its foundation — the „Lloyd" con- 
 trolled a fleet of 14 steamers, of which 8 were engaged on the New- 
 York line and 6 on the English line. The number of the voyages 
 made in 1867 was 47 to America and 127 to London and Hull. 
 
 These figures proved the prosperity of the undertaking and the 
 
 VII 
 

 IX 
 
Directors, anticipating the influence which the development of the 
 Company would later on exercise on Germany's transoceanic inter- 
 ests, justly recognized it as their duty to further promote the foreign 
 relations of the fatherland by the creation of new services and the 
 extension of those already existing. This period coincided with the 
 time when the germs of the subsequent powerful growth of German 
 industry and commerce became first apparent and when the want 
 of regular steamship communication made itself generally felt. 
 
 The second decade of the history of the North German Lloyd 
 bears full testimony to the fact that the Company has spared no 
 effort to accommodate itself to the altered conditions of trade. Already 
 in 1808 the relations with North America were extended through the 
 opening of the Baltimore line. In Baltimore the arrival of the first 
 steamer was celebrated as an event of considerable importance. The 
 place was „en fete". Schools, Markets, the Custom-house and most 
 of the shops were closed. A procession headed by the Governor 
 and the dignitaries of both the State and the city, accompanied by 
 United States infantry, cavalry and artillery and representatives of 
 the different trades, clubs and societies paraded the town and at a 
 banquet which followed, great results were confidently predicted. 
 
 We now arrive at an anxious year for the Company. On the 
 outbreak of the Franco-German war the German ports were declared 
 in a state of blockade. The superiority of the French fleet necessi- 
 tated, not only that the Company's ships in foreign ports should be 
 ordered to remain there, but that those at the moment on their way 
 home should be warned of their danger and directed to safe neutral 
 ports. Foreign steamers had to be chartered and other heavy ex- 
 penses incurred. But victory on land Umited the period of severest 
 trial to about three months. Gradually the ships left their foreign 
 quarters and, taking a northerly course round Scotland ran into one 
 of the English east- coast ports whilst awaiting an opportunity to 
 slip across to the Weser. In October of the first year of the war 
 even the transatlantic service was re-opened by the „Hansa" with a 
 full freight and a large number of passengers. To the captains and 
 officers of the „Lloyd" employed on these hazardous expeditions, 
 the North Sea was as his native forests are to the Indian. They 
 cut through the blockading cordon northwards and made their way 
 round the perilous coast of Scotland. They steamed down the channel 
 right through the French fleet, wrapped in friendly fogs. For reasons 
 of poUcy however it is well to suppress all details of the stirring in- 
 cidents of blockade-running and to pass in silence over acts of suc- 
 cessful audacity and resource that might take rank with the feats 
 performed at the ports of the short-Uved Confederate States. 
 
 In spite of the war the new line from Bremen to the West 
 Indies was opened in the autumn of 1870 and at the same time a 
 regular connection was formed between Bremen, Rotterdam and Ant- 
 werp. In 1871 the service to England was augmented by a third 
 line and four years later — 1875 — the „Lloyd", paying due regard 
 to the German interests in South America, established a regular ser- 
 vice to Brazil and the River Plate. At the end of the se^^ond decade 
 of the existence of the company (1878) it became necessary to divide 
 the South American line into two separate services, one to Brazil 
 
(Bahia, Rio de Janeira, Santos") and the other to the River Piatt 
 (Montevideo, Buenos Aires), whereas connection with the West Indies 
 was discontinued. 
 
 The period in the development of the „Lloyd" Company which 
 now follows will always form an important phase in the history of 
 navigation in general. While up to this time the aim of the steam- 
 ship owners of all seafaring nations had been directed towards security 
 and regularity in the services of the vessels, it now became necessary 
 to consider a third point, viz: speed — and aided by the great pro- 
 gress made in marine engineering, a new type of vessel, the modem 
 fast-steamer or ocean-gre)^hound was created. 
 
 Up to this time a speed of 12—13 knots an hour had formed 
 the average for the regular mail steamers. In 1878 however the 
 EngUsh Goion line had a steamer constructed (the „Arizona") whose 
 engine developed the, until then unheard of, speed of 16 nautical miles 
 an hour, and which at the same time was provided with the necessary 
 accommodation to carry a great number of passengers. A new era 
 in the art of shipbuilding and steam-navigation was thus inaugurated. 
 Considering the enormous increase which of late had taken place in 
 the traffic between the Old and the New World, it was evident that 
 steamers of this speed, would, if they proved safe, soon attract pas- 
 sengers and mails, thus securing pecuniary advantages for their 
 owners. For the North German Lloyd, which at that time already 
 occupied a prominent position among steamship companies, the intro- 
 duction of the fast steamer service was a matter of course, as soon 
 as first experience had proved its practical feasibility. Thus 
 the „Lloyd" commenced in 1880 the construction of its fleet of fast- 
 steamers which surpassing all its competitors as regards the number 
 of the vessels employed has placed it in the front rank of the leading 
 steamship companies of the world. On the 20th June 1881 the first 
 fast-steamer, was placed upon the line, she was followed in 1882 
 and 1883 by the „Werra" and the „Fulda'- (16—17 miles), in 1884 
 by the „Ems" (17 miles), in 1886 by the .,AUer", the „Trave" and 
 the „Saale" (17—18 miles), in 1888 by the „Lahn" (19 miles), in 
 1889 by the „Kaiser Wilhelm I1-' and in 1890 by the ^Spree" and 
 the „Havel" (19—20 milosV 
 
 The construction of the fast-steamers inaugurated also a change 
 in the interior arrangements of the vessels. The old-fashioned monot- 
 onous dining-rooms with a number of tables in file flanked on each 
 side by uncomfortable benches were replaced by saloons of studied 
 t-legance ami sumptuousness. In the modern dining-saloons furniture, 
 carpets, curtains, paintings combine to form an artistic whole with 
 the architectural disposition of the rooms. The whole outfit of the 
 paloons has been executed by the firm of A. Bemb6 of Mainz after 
 the designs of the Bremen architect Poppe. 
 
 The period during which the fleet of fast-steamers of the „Lloyd'* 
 was constructed coincides with another important phase in the devel- 
 opment of German transoceanic trade, namely the establishment of 
 the subsidized mail steamer service to Eastern Asia and Australia. 
 In. July 1885 the North German Lloyd contracted with the German 
 government to carry on the service on all the Imperial mail-steamer 
 
 KTI 
 
xin 
 
lines which Parliament had decided should be established with the 
 provision that all the new steamers to be placed on such lines should 
 be built in German shipbuilding yards. The speed contracted was 
 12 miles for the line to Eastern Asia and for the Mediterranean line, 
 11 Ya miles for the Austrahan main -line and the other branch -lines. 
 The new mail-steamer service consisted of 1) main -line to Eastern 
 Asia, 2) main-line to Australia, 3) branch-line Trieste-Brindisi-Alexandria, 
 4 1 branch-line Hongkong- Japan, 5) branch-line Sydney-Tonga Islands- 
 Samoa Islands. 
 
 The preparations for the opening of the new important services 
 were accelerated so that as early as the 28th June 1886, the first 
 Imperial mail-steamer, the „Oder", could leave Bremerhaven to carry 
 the German flag to the shores of Eastern Asia. The new steamers 
 „Stettin" and „Lubeck" built for the branch-lines had already left 
 Bremerhaven some time before. As the steamers which the „Lloyd" 
 possessed at the time of concluding the contract were inadequate in 
 number and construction to the requirements of the new service, the 
 company at once ordered three steamers for the main -lines and an 
 equal number for the branch-lines of the Vulkan shipbuilding yards 
 at Stettin. The new steamers, named „Preussen", „Bayern", „Sachsen" 
 and „Stettin", „Lubeck", „Danzig", exceeded by far the provisions 
 of the contract with the government as regards dimensions and speed. 
 
 Already during the first years of the existence of the Imperial 
 mail-steamer service some changes became necessary. In the first 
 place the line between Trieste, Brindisi and Alexandria was rendered 
 impossible on account of the sanitary conditions prevailing in Egypt. 
 This line was therefore replaced by a line from Brindisi to Port Said. 
 The latter existed until the year 1893 when the Mediterranean branch 
 service was given up altogether, as it was decided that the steamers 
 of the main-lines should in addition to Genoa (where they had called 
 since 1887), also touch at Naples for the embarkation of mails in 
 order to ensure a speedy despatch of the latter. In 1893 Parliament 
 further decided that the branch line in the Pacific, which had proved 
 of no practical value, should be discontinued and that a new branch- 
 service from Singapore via Batavia to German New -Guinea should 
 be carried on instead. 
 
 The service of the Imperial mail lines soon showed prospects of 
 a hopeful future. The fears which on various sides had been ex- 
 pressed that the subsidy given by the country would only benefit 
 the commerce of other nations, that German commerce would derive 
 no profit from it and that the interests of the already existing lines 
 of steamers owned by private firms, would be seriously injured, all 
 proved without foundation The offer of cargo for the steamers was 
 fiom the beginning considerably in excess of the room available. 
 The increase in the German exports to the countries concerned has 
 been so rapid that no doubt as to the favorable influence of the 
 lines can be further entertained. The interests of the lines carried 
 on by private firms have not been injured, but rather the contrary 
 has taken place. 
 
 In proof of this we beg to call the attention of our readers to 
 the figures which they will find subjoined. 
 
 The total German exports to China amounted to 14^/3 millions of 
 
 XIV 
 
XV 
 
marks in 1887, against 47 millions in 1893, the export to Japan has 
 during the same period risen from 4Va millions to 26 millions, and 
 the exports to Australia have increased from 17 millions to 114 millions. 
 As regards the lines carried on by private firms, the German 
 Kingsin line to Eastern Asia waa already in existence before the 
 Imperial mail lines were founded. This line despatched a steamer 
 every four weeks; but in 1887, one year after the opening of the 
 Imperial mail lines, the Kingsin line found itself under the necessity 
 of doubling its service. As regards the trade to Australia before 
 the opening of the Imperial mail lines, there existed only one line, 
 the Sloman line. This line was of comparatively little importance to 
 German commerce, as the steamers used to embark their cargo 
 chiefly in Antwerp and Lbndon and only in exceptional cases sailed 
 direct for German ports when returning. The Sloman line has it is 
 true since suspended its service, but in its place a new company, 
 the Australian steamship company, was founded only three years 
 after the inanguration of the „Lloyd" lines. The German Australian 
 company likewise maintains a fortnightly service with Australia. 
 
 As regards the Imperial mail lines, the steamers soon proved 
 too small for the goods that were offering, but a few years ago these 
 lines were completely provided with much larger steamers. The 
 alterations in the construction of some of the vessels, as well as the 
 new additions to the fleet, which for this purpose were ordered by 
 the „Lloyd", on the one hand represent a work in the art of ship- 
 building, never undertaken before to such an extent, and on the other, 
 have created a new type of steamer which gives the fullest satis- 
 faction. In the latter respect may be mentioned the twinscrew 
 steamers „Prinz Regent Luitpold" and „Prinz Heinrich" built by 
 F. Schichau of Danzig. As regards the re-constructions effected, the 
 most remarkable work is the lengthening of the steamers „Bayem", 
 „Sachsen" and „Preussen" carried out by the firm of Blohm & Vosa 
 in Hamburg. Each of the three steamers was placed in a floating 
 dock and cut through amidships just forward of the engines. The 
 forepart of the steamer was then drawn forward by hydraulic force 
 and a new compartment was built between the two separated parts 
 of the vessel. — In this way the „Sach8en" and „Bayem" have been 
 engthened by fifty feet and the „Preussen" by seventy feet. The 
 onnage of the two former steamers was thus augmented by about 
 1000 cubic metres each and that of the „Preussen" by about 2500 cubic 
 aetres, the speed of the steamers not being impaired by the lengthening. 
 At the end of this article our readers will find some statistical 
 ibles showing the development in the traffic of passengers and goods, 
 s will as of the tonnage employed on the Imperial mail Lines. 
 
 In 1892 the North German Lloyd started a special service of 
 
 irgo-steamers between Bremen and New -York and between Bremen 
 
 id Baltimore. For the latter, denominated the „Roland" line, a 
 
 amber of new steamers were built. The dimensions of these steamers 
 
 laye been so arranged, as to allow them to profit by the succesfully 
 
 ompleted work of deepening the Weser, to land and embark goods at 
 
 'remen instead of at Bremerhaven. The line from Bremen to Baltimare 
 
 i been formed by the large steamers of the „Mllnchen" class, all 
 
 lit as recently as 1889 and 1890. These two lines carry steerage 
 
 XVI 
 
XVil 
 
passengers and goods, the Baltimore steamers also taking a limited 
 number of cabin passengers. 
 
 Since 1890 the traffic with New- York has been further developed 
 by the opening of a line of fast-steamers from New- York via Gibraltar 
 to Genoa and Naples, with occasional calls during the winter season 
 at Algiers. Return tickets for the line Bremen and New- York can be 
 made available for the Mediterranean line and vice versa, the pas- 
 sengers being at liberty to choose that route which according to the 
 season and their plans best suits them. 
 
 During the past two years 1896/1897, the North German Lloyd 
 has placed in service a considerable number of new vessels of the 
 largest dimensions, retiring and disposing of its older steamers, and 
 thus bringing to completion the rejuvenation of its large fleet so that 
 it now controls a steamer material fitted to meet all possible requirements 
 and in no respects is surpassed by that of any other Company. Among 
 the new vessels deserving special mention are the four large steamers 
 of the Barbarossa class, each of them 550 feet long, 10500 tons 
 capacity and 20000 tons displacement. They are twin screw steamers, 
 driven by two completely separated sets of engines of from 7000 to 
 8000 horse power. A special new feature of these steamers is the 
 arrangement of the two enormous promenade decks, one above the 
 other, giving the vessels an imposing and distinguishing appearance. 
 The staterooms are all situated above the main deck, in the best 
 possible location, and have won immediate favor with the traveling 
 public because of their unusual size, comfortable arrangement and 
 superior ventilation. The Barbarossa steamers are employed in the 
 service between Bremen and New- York during the Summer, and in the 
 Australian service during the "Winter. 
 
 In addition toward the end of last year 1897 the new twin screw 
 Express Steamship "Kaiser "Wilhelm der Grosse" was placed on the line 
 between Bremen and New -York and its superior arrangements and 
 wonderful achievements hare aroused the greatest interest and sensation 
 throughout the entire world. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse has a 
 length of 648 feet over all, 66 feet beam and 43 feet depth, is of 
 14350 register tons and 20000 tons displacement. The vessel is designed 
 to carry 400 First Class, 350 Second Class and 800 Steerage passengers, 
 and has a crew of 500. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse is not only 
 the largest but also the most superb steamer now afloat. 
 
 In design, as well as in the equipment, the interior appointments of 
 the steamer, the saloons, reading rooms, smoking rooms, drawing 
 rooms, etc. are distinguished by their unexcelled, artistic arrangement. 
 
 The two powerful engines of 30000 horse power give the vessel 
 a speed of 21-22 miles an hour. The first trip from Southampton to 
 New- York was made in 5 days, 22 hours, 35 minutes, and the home trip 
 from New- York to' Plymouth in 5 days, 16 hours, 10 minutes. The 
 average speed was 21.39 and 21.91 miles an hour respectively. The 
 best performance for a single day was a run of 667 miles, equaling a 
 speed of 23 miles an hour and the best speed on the third voyage 
 from New- York to Southamton 32,36 knots giving to the steamer the 
 best single days record and the best average record in the world. 
 
 • A second twin screw Express steam ship, of about the same size 
 as the "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse", the "Kaiser Friedrich", will be placed 
 in the service between Bremen and New- York in the Spring of 1898. 
 
 XVIII 
 
XIX 
 
 II* 
 
The trade with South America has also been considerably in- 
 creased during the last few years, some new and comfortable steamers 
 having been especially constructed for that purpose. — In the first 
 place we ought to mention the two new saloon-steamers „Mark" and 
 „Pfalz", which, provided with all modern improvements for a voyage 
 in the tropics, form quite a new type of tropical steamer. Their con- 
 struction also allows them to steam up the river as far as Bremen and 
 to be despatched from the latter place instead of from Bremerhaven. 
 • Besides the steamers mentioned, the company has placed upon 
 the River Plate line the twinscrew steamer „H. H, Meier" and 
 „Wittekind". 
 
 The company further maintains a regular service by passenger and 
 cargo -steamers to Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and 
 Santos), The passenger -steamers leave Bremerhaven on the 10th and 
 the cargo-boats on the 25th of each month. In connection with the 
 arrivals of and departures of the steamers fi-om Santos, the North 
 German Lloyd have recently opened a branch service for passengers 
 and goods with calls at Paranagua, SSj Francisco, Desterro and Rio 
 Grande do Sul. 
 
 In conclusion we should mention that the company maintain a 
 regular summer-service to the North Sea Islands Norderney, Borkum 
 and HeUgoland, In connection with these lines fast express -trains 
 are run to the principal inland places. These trains are despatched 
 from and arrive at the Lloyd Halle in Bremerhaven which is in imme- 
 diate connection with the landing place of the steamers. 
 
 In the preceding pages we have given a short sketch of the 
 rapid growth of the company. Subjoined our readers will find a Ust 
 of the various hnes of the North GeiTuan Lloyd at present in operation : 
 
 I. Traffic to North America: 
 
 1) Line of fast-steamers from Bremen to New- York via Southampton 
 and Cherbourg, Steamers employed on this line: „Kaiser Wilhelm 
 der Grosse", „Kaiser Friedrich", „Havel", „Spree", „Lahn"', 
 „Aller", „Trave", „Saale". Departures from Bremen Tuesdays 
 and Saturdays, from Southampton or Cherbourg "Wednesdays 
 and Sundays. 
 
 2) Line of fast -steamers from Genoa and Naples via Gibraltar to 
 New- York with occasional callings at Algiers. Steamers running 
 on this line- „Kaiser Wilhelm II", „"Werra", „Fulda" and „Ems-'. 
 
 3) Line of twinscrew mail - steamers from Bremen to New -York 
 (steamers of the Barbarossa type). 
 
 4) Line of mail-steamers from Bremen to Baltimore (steamers of 
 the MUnchen type). Weekly, Thursday. 
 
 5) Line of mail-steamers from Bremen to Galveston. 
 
 II. Traffic to South America: 
 
 6) Bremen — Brazil via Antwerp, Oporto, Lisbon to Pernambuco, 
 Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Santos by the steamers Coblenz, 
 Mainz, Trier. 
 
 7) Bremen — River Plate via Antwerp, Southampton, Corunna to 
 Montevideo and Buenos Aires. Saloon-steamers: „Mark", „Pfalz", 
 „H. H. Meier" and „Wittekind". 
 
 XX 
 
XXI 
 
8) Bremen — Eastern Asia via Antwerp, Southampton, Genoa, 
 Naples, Port Said, Suez, Aden, Colombo, Singapore, Hongkong 
 Shanghai. Steamers: „Prinz Heinrich", „Preussen", „Sach8en" 
 and ,, Karlsruhe". 
 
 9) Bremen — Australia via Antwerp, Southampton, Genoa, Naples, 
 Port Said, Suez, Aden, Colombo, Adelaide, Melbourne to Sydiiey. 
 Steamers: ,,Prinz Regent Luitpold", „Barbarossa", „Friedrich 
 der Grosse", Konigin Louise", „Bremen" etc. 
 
 10; Branch Line from Hongkong to Japan. Hongkong, Yokohama, 
 Hiogo, Nagasaki and return to Hongkong. Steamer : „Hohenzollem." 
 
 li) Branch Line from Singapore to German New Guinea. Singa- 
 pore, Batavia, Soerabaya, Friedrich Wilhelmshafen, Stephansort, 
 Finschhafen, HerbertshOhe and Matupi. Steamer: „Stettin". 
 rV. Branch Line in Asia: 
 
 12) From Singapore to DeU .Sumatra). Steamer: „Sumatra". 
 V. European Lines: 
 
 13) Tow-boat service from Bremen to Hamburg, 
 
 14) Saloon-steamer service during the bathing-season from Bremen 
 to Norderney and Borkum. 
 
 J-1 Saloon-stearaer service during the bathing-season to Heligoland. 
 
 For the carrying on of the service on all these lines the North 
 German Lloyd now owns a fleet of 82 steamers and 84 lighters of a total 
 tonnage of over 300 000 including the steamers in course of construction. 
 
 Too crews of the Heet represent a force of about 5500 men. One 
 of tlie tables at the end of this article shows of how many persons in 
 each grade this number is composed. 
 
 The maintenance of so many lines and of so numerous a fleet, 
 of course, rendered it necessary that the arrangements on shore 
 should be of a proportionate character. First of all we should 
 mention the extensive docks and workshops for the execution of 
 repairs at Breraerhaven. These comprise a graving-dock and other 
 works with all modern appUances for marine engineering. The 
 number of men constantly employed in the workshops of the 
 North German Lloyd at Bremerhaven is about 1000. The repair 
 works at Bremerhaven are supplemented by an estabUshment of a 
 similar kind at Bremen but of a less extensive character. 
 
 The considerable traffic of passengers by the steamers of the 
 North German Lloyd has further developed an institution for the 
 provisioning of the steamers which in its arrangements and extent 
 surpasses all similar estabhshments of other companies. The con- 
 sumption of provisions and beverages on the steamers of the „Lloyd" 
 annually reaches a value of more than S'/z miUions of marks. The 
 annual consumption of coal is about 750 000 tons. Connected with 
 the estabhshment for the provisioning of the steamers is the steam- 
 laundry in which the whole ship's-linen is washed and disinfected 
 after the return of the steamers to Bremen. 
 
 The North German Lloyd also possesses its own piers in New- York. 
 
 The whole of this powerful organism is controlled from the head- 
 office of the company at Bremen, — In order to simpUfy the service 
 and to secure a prompt despatch of business the following depart- 
 ments have been created : Central Office, Passage Department, Freight 
 
 . XXII 
 
XXIIT 
 
River Navigation Department. The company has provided for the 
 welfare of its seamen and other employes, as well as for the widows 
 and orphans of its servants by the creation of a pension-lnnd which 
 has been in existence for a number of years and now possesses 
 a capital of two millions of marks. On the 1st. January 1893 this 
 institution was extended to include a separate pension-fund with 
 increased endowments for the widows and orphans. 
 
 The majority of the seamen of the North German Lloyd have 
 spent many years in the service of the company. Of the total 
 number of 4874 seamen employed on the steamers only a portion 
 not amounting to 25% ^^^ ^ their first year of service, whereas 
 1(\°/q are between their tenth and thirtieth year of service in the 
 Company; as shown by the affixed table all important posts are in 
 the hands of tried and experienced men. The numerous reports of 
 successful cases of rescue effected at sea by the crews of the North 
 German Lloyd are a proof of the excellent spirit which animates them. 
 In conclusion we beg to give a translation of a letter addressed 
 to the Company by His Majesty the German Emperor in recognition 
 of its services. 
 
 „Durine: my voyage to-day from the mouth of the Weser to 
 Wilhelmshafen on board of the fast-steamer „Lahn", I have had 
 an opportunity to inspect the vessel in all her parts and to 
 minutely observe how the service is carried on. I have pleasure 
 to express to the management of the Company my full satis- 
 faction with what I have seen on board of this steamer. In 
 remembrance of the voyage and as it is the first time that my 
 standard has been hoisted on board of a German merchaotman, 
 I will present this standard to the North German Lloyd with a 
 desire that the good spirit which rules on its steamers may 
 always be' maintained." 
 
 On board of the Express Steamer „Lahn". 
 
 Wilhelmshaven, 22nd April 1890. 
 
 .-0.^. 
 
 XXIV 
 
vr 
 
 Jn the course of my voyage this day from the Wessr 
 to Wilhelmshauert on board the Express •3^^°'^^^ '/LahrC, ) 
 have availed myself of the opportunity of inspecting the vessel 
 in all her parts, and of carefully noticing the manner in which 
 the service is carried on What J have observed on board 
 this steamer has so entirety satisfied rne. that J feel desirous 
 ^ expressing my full approbation to the Directors. ^ a me' 
 mento of this trip, and this being the first occasion on which 
 J have caused my Standard to be hoisted on board a ^teamer 
 of the German /vfercantile /i^arine, J present this Standard to 
 the Directors, with a hope that the same excellent spirit which 
 now prevails on board the vessels of the North German Lloyd 
 may always be maintained. 
 
 On board the £xpress-S^^°"^^' ' Lahn, 
 Wilhelmshaven. ■?<">■» hpru raso. 
 
 Tt the Dirnctors »/ M» /forth Carman Lloyd m fyaman. 
 
 XXV 
 
The inimitable Mark Twain, in one of his happy moments, 
 has aptly and deservedly added his invaluable testimony to the 
 sterling worth and inestimable working capacity of the North German 
 Lloyd, in the foll6wing private letter to a friend: 
 
 
 
 '^^^f^. 
 
 °-o 
 
 ^'^, 
 
 XXVI 
 

Table of Distances between the different 
 ports in Miles. 
 
 (A Mile = 1852 m.) 
 
 Bremerhaven-America. 
 
 Bremerhaven-Southampton "Water 458 Miles. 
 
 Southampton-New- York or Cherborg-New York 3100 „ 
 
 Bremerhaven New York . 8558 Miles. 
 
 Dover-Nab Light-ship . 100 Miles. 
 
 Needles-Lizard .... 146 „ 
 
 Sandy Hook-New York 24 „ 
 
 Bremerhaven-Pljmouth 560 Miles 
 
 Bremerhaven-Baltimore 3880 „ 
 
 Cape Henry-Baltimore 164 MUes. 
 
 Genoa-New York. 
 
 Genoa-Algiers 535 Miles. 
 
 Genoa-Gibraltar 850 „ 
 
 Gibraltar-New York . 3250 „ 
 
 Genoa-New York 4100 „ 
 
 Naples-Genoa 336 „ 
 
 Naples-Gibraltar 974 „ 
 
 XXVIII 
 
Table of distances (continued). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 w:q 
 
 
 nJ 
 
 O o 
 
 u» 
 
 
 •4-» 
 
 
 
 
 g-S 
 
 
 
 CL 
 
 
 
 
 
 s.. 
 
 ^ a 
 
 
 s 
 
 ta 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 52 
 
 00 
 
 U3 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 cc 
 
 
 > 
 
 s 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 ■ <■ 
 
 
 M 
 
 ei 
 
 CO 
 
 3? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 >o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 
 -se* 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 ss 
 
 «o 
 
 IS 
 
 eo 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 -«i« 
 
 c- 
 
 CO 
 
 s 
 
 CI 
 
 S 
 
 CO 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 o 
 
 5J 
 
 M 
 
 eo 
 
 eo 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 la 
 
 (M 
 
 o 
 
 I-< 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CD 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 %^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1-1 
 
 1-1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 >o 
 
 
 -^s- 
 
 CO 
 
 s 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 s? 
 
 g 
 
 <» 
 
 
 -gg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 01 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■* 
 
 lO 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 e* 
 
 04 
 
 ei 
 
 (M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C4 
 
 
 
 
 
 eo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■"I 
 
 CO 
 
 
 ■* 
 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j^ 
 
 s 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 -* 
 
 •* 
 
 N 
 
 
 -K 
 
 rt 
 
 rt 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 OQ 
 
 
 i^S 
 
 CO 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 > 
 
 '-' 
 
 IH 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Pi s 
 
 .a 
 
 o 
 CO 
 
 o 
 oa 
 
 o 
 l-< 
 
 
 
 
 «9 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cl 
 
 Rio de Janeiro-Montevideo 1024 Miles. 
 
 Antwerp-St. Vincent direct 2574 
 
 Oorufia Vigo 120 
 
 Vigo-Lisbon 278 
 
 Oporto-Lisbon . 140 
 
 Lisbon-Las Palmas . 700 
 
 Las Pahnas-St. Vincent . 870 
 
 Bremerhaven-Flusliing (Easterly Entrance) 281 Miles. 
 
 Bremerhftven-Flnshing (Westerly Entrance) 3(^ h 
 
 XXIX 
 
T3 
 
 •l-H 
 -•J 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 CO 
 O 
 
 cn 
 
 Cm 
 O 
 
 <D 
 
 I— ( 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 raa 
 
 
 1 ** 
 
 s 
 
 
 ■SI 
 
 1 
 
 « 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 ^1 
 
 00 
 OS 
 
 eo 
 
 CD 
 00 
 
 •>* 
 
 to 
 
 
 1 
 
 § 
 s 
 
 •* 
 
 CD 
 
 CO 
 
 i 
 
 CD 
 
 s 
 
 .5 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 g 
 
 r-l 
 
 eo 
 
 o> 
 
 ■HI 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 -t-» 
 
 
 s 
 
 eo 
 
 eo 
 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 CO 
 
 3 
 
 
 o 
 
 o> 
 
 o 
 
 
 «D 
 
 i 
 
 GO 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 << 
 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 00 
 
 eo 
 
 -* 
 
 eo 
 eo 
 
 U3 
 
 i-i 
 
 s 
 
 cq 
 
 1 
 
 
 0> 
 
 to 
 eo 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 eo 
 
 eo 
 
 U3 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 eo 
 
 i 
 
 
 t- 
 
 g 
 
 «3 
 
 on 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 en 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■«»• 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 
 00 
 
 "If 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 aa 
 
 to 
 
 Dl 
 
 g 
 
 ■o 
 
 lO 
 
 
 If 
 
 3 
 
 C9 
 
 C1 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 
 C4 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 r-l 
 
 
 
 if 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 00 
 CD 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 le 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 lO 
 
 1 
 
 •* 
 
 «*< 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 
 "co 
 
 < 
 
 C 
 
 o 
 
 (0 
 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 c« 
 
 § 
 
 !§ 
 
 2 
 
 CO 
 
 
 lO 
 
 
 > 
 
 OlCl 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 CO 
 
 lO 
 
 CD 
 03 
 
 ^xx 
 
 M 
 O 
 
 s 
 
 00 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 ■s 
 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 
 Ok 
 lO 
 
 
 "1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 eo 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 iata 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 |3 
 
Table of distances (continued). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s^5 
 wis 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ctf 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 Sg« 
 
 
 CO 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 «a5 ° 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 ■s^l 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 e^w 
 
 
 
 ■* 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 CO 
 
 1H 
 
 00 
 CO 
 
 
 r-l 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 z 
 
 
 ii- 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 
 l-H 
 ■* 
 00 
 
 
 
 ra-o 
 
 
 « 
 
 Ol 
 
 
 
 
 1 3 
 
 
 1H 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 a'e: 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 l> 
 
 
 
 
 «^ 
 
 CO 
 
 W 
 
 ei 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 ei 
 
 CO 
 
 eft 
 
 GO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 ;h 
 
 
 ■* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s* 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 s: 
 
 ■>* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eq 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 I «• 
 
 
 
 
 GO 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 a'S 
 
 
 
 t- 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 lO 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 et 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 <D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 im 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CIS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bo 
 
 
 
 ^HS 
 
 
 « 
 
 cq 
 
 c 
 
 
 £^« 
 
 rH 
 
 
 lO 
 
 CO 
 
 
 SS-2 
 
 CD 
 
 
 
 
 
 "•■aw 
 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 
 
 as 
 
 
 
 
 
 O o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Im 
 
 
 
 
 • &o 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sss 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "^ ja^ 
 
 Hongkong-Japan. 
 
 Hongkong- Yokohama 1590 Mfles. 
 
 Yokohama-Hiogo 346 
 
 Hiogo-Nagasaki 389 ',' 
 
 Hongkong-Nagasaki 2325 Miles. 
 
 Nagasaki-Hongkong direct 1067 „ 
 
 XXXI 
 
A. Transportation of passengers. 
 
 1. Rates for through tickets, or rates for circular tours, ar» 
 arrived at by a combination of given rates. 
 
 2. Tickets are issued only for first and second class railway 
 transportation in connection, with steamship tickets reading 
 via the lines of the North German Lloyd. 
 
 3. The Tickets are not transferable, 
 
 4. Tickets are good 12 months from date of sale. Date of final 
 limit is shown on cover of ticketbook. 
 
 5. The tickets are good for all regular trains. For the use of 
 Vestibule trains, passengers holding I or II Class tickets, are 
 required to pay the usual excess fare. For the use of sleeping 
 cars, passengers are required to pay the regular sleeping car rate. 
 
 6. Children not over 4 years of age are carried free. 
 
 Children between the ages of 4 and 10 years, are carried 
 two on one whole ticket. For one child alone, full fare has 
 to be paid. 
 
 7. By payment of the difference in the second and first class 
 fares, second class passengers can change at their pleasure 
 from second to first class. 
 
 8. Tickets must be shown to Conductors or other railway officials, 
 when required. 
 
 9. Passengers can stop over on final limit tickets, at all stations 
 designated on such tickets. At all other stations, stop overs 
 are granted upon application to the Stationmaster, (StatiDns- 
 vorstand) who will endorse tickets. 
 
 10. The coupons of tickets are collected either by Conductors on 
 trains, or station officials upon arrival at destination, 
 
 11. Claims for unused booktickets or coupons should be addressed 
 for adjustment with proper explanation to the North German. 
 Uoyd, Passage Dept. Bremen. 
 
 XXXII 
 
B. Transportation of baggage. 
 
 1. Baggage is only checked through to those stations to which 
 a baggage tariff exists. 
 
 2. The amount of baggage carried free by the railways is in no 
 case more than 25 kg., while on a number of railways all 
 baggage carried has to be paid for. It is therefore advisable 
 to send heavy baggage by „freight", as the time in transit is 
 not long, and charges very reasonable. 
 
 3. Passengers having baggage destined to points beyond Berlin, 
 Leipzig, or Vienna, and going via these points, have to make 
 anangements for its transfer between the different stations in 
 these cities. 
 
 4. 
 
 tnese cities. 
 
 The presence of passengers at custom house stations, at the 
 time of baggage examination, is absolutely necessary, as the 
 railway companies cannot be held responsible for any loss or 
 delay, occurring through passengers absence. 
 
 XXXin III 
 
The fleet of the North German Lloyd, the largest of the world, 
 has a total tonnage of more than 300,000 Register-Tons. 
 
 Steamers of the North German Lloyd S. S. 
 
 Co. 
 
 No. 
 
 Steamers 
 
 Commanders 
 
 Re- 
 gistered 
 tonnage 
 
 Horse- 
 power 
 
 1 
 
 Kaiser kFilhelm d. Grosse 
 
 H. Engelbart . . . 
 
 1400U 
 
 :^8000 
 
 2 
 
 Kaiser Friedrich ... 
 
 L. Storm er .... 
 
 12800 
 
 25000 
 
 3 
 
 Kaiser Wilhelm 11 . . . 
 
 D. HSpemann . . . 
 
 6991 
 
 6500 
 
 4 
 
 Havel 
 
 E. Christoffers . . . 
 
 6963 
 
 12500 
 
 5 
 
 Spree . , 
 
 A.. Meier 
 
 6963 
 
 12500 
 
 5 
 
 Lahn 
 
 C. Pohle 
 
 5097 
 
 9000 
 
 7 
 
 Trave 
 
 C. Thalenhorst . . . 
 
 5262 
 5220 
 5217 
 
 9000 
 
 8 
 
 Saale 
 
 B. Blanke 
 
 9500 
 
 9 
 
 Aller 
 
 R. Nierich .... 
 
 7600 
 
 10 
 
 Ems 
 
 A.. Harrassowitz . . 
 
 4912 
 
 7000 
 
 11 
 
 Fulda 
 
 B. Peter mann 
 
 4814 
 
 4815 
 
 10500 
 
 6300 
 
 19 
 
 Werra 
 
 J. Mirow 
 
 6300 
 
 13 
 
 Barbarossa 
 
 A. Richter .... 
 
 7000 
 
 14 
 
 Friedrich der Grosse . . 
 
 M. Eichel 
 
 10500 
 
 7000 
 
 15 
 
 Kdniqin Luise .... 
 
 W. V. Schuckmann 
 
 10500 
 
 7000 
 
 16 
 
 Bremen 
 
 W. Roimkasten . . . 
 
 10500 
 
 8000 
 
 17 
 
 Prinz Regent Luitpold . . 
 
 H. Walter .... 
 
 6592 
 
 5500 
 
 18 
 
 Prinz Heinrich .... 
 
 0. Cuppers .... 
 
 6613 
 
 5600 
 
 19 
 
 Bayern 
 
 L. Prehn 
 
 6343 
 
 3600 
 
 20 
 
 Sachsen 
 
 H. Supmer .... 
 
 6338 
 
 3600 
 
 21 
 
 Preussen 
 
 P. Wettin .... 
 
 6616 
 
 3500 
 
 22 
 
 H. H. Meier 
 
 C. Steencken . . . 
 
 5475 
 
 3800 
 
 23 
 
 Weimar 
 
 Fr. Mentz 
 
 6318 
 
 3200 
 
 24 
 
 
 H. Gathemann . . . 
 
 6318 
 
 3200 
 
 25 
 
 Gera 
 
 W. Meissel .... 
 
 5319 
 
 3200 
 
 26 
 
 Darmstadt 
 
 A. von C6llen . . . 
 
 5316 
 
 3200 
 
 27 
 
 Stuttgart 
 
 D. Kohlenbeck . . . 
 
 5349 
 
 3300 
 
 28 
 
 
 C. von Bardeleben 
 
 5347 
 
 3300 
 
 29 
 
 Miinchen 
 
 "W. Kuhlmann . . . 
 
 4801 
 
 3200 
 
 30 
 
 
 0. Gross 
 
 4802 
 
 3200 
 
 31 
 
 Crefeld 
 
 H. Bruns 
 
 3970 
 
 1800 
 
 32 
 
 
 A. Winckel .... 
 
 3970 
 3970 
 
 1800 
 
 33 
 
 Aachen 
 
 H. Hashagen .... 
 
 1800 
 
 34 
 
 
 E. Raetz 
 
 3960 
 3720 
 
 1800 
 
 36 
 
 Roland ... ... 
 
 J. Jantzen .... 
 
 2500 
 
 36 
 
 Wittekind 
 
 W. Pranke .... 
 
 4997 
 
 2700 
 
 37 
 
 W'illehad 
 
 C. von Rorell . . . 
 
 4998 
 
 2700 
 
 38 
 
 Pfalz 
 
 H. Winter . . . . 
 
 4604 
 
 2600 
 
 39 
 
 Mark 
 
 H. Ahrens . . . . 
 
 3932 
 
 2500 
 
 XXXIV 
 
No. 
 
 Steamers 
 
 Commanders 
 
 Re- 
 gistered 
 tonnage 
 
 Horse- 
 power 
 
 40 
 
 Coblenz .... . . 
 
 W. Bodenstedt . . 
 
 3169 
 
 1600 
 
 41 
 
 Mainz .... 
 
 
 
 
 P. Albrecht . . 
 
 
 3204 
 
 1500 
 
 42 
 
 Habshurg . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3217 
 
 2300 
 
 43 
 
 Hohenzollern . 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. Bleeker . '. . 
 
 
 3288 
 
 2300 
 
 44 
 
 Stettin . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 A. Zachariae . . 
 
 
 2200 
 
 1500 
 
 45 
 
 Sumatra . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 L. Klugkist . . 
 
 
 584 
 
 330 
 
 46 
 
 Willkommen . 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. Budelmann . 
 
 
 409 
 
 500 
 
 47 
 
 Kehrervieder 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. V6p:e . . . 
 
 
 499 
 
 570 
 
 48 
 
 Retter . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q-. Ahlers . . . 
 
 
 361 
 
 650 
 
 49 
 
 Quelle . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D. Hegermann . 
 
 
 151 
 
 60 
 
 50 
 
 Forelle . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C. Meyerdiercks 
 
 
 298 
 
 650 
 
 51 
 
 Lloyd . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 M. Hovers . . 
 
 
 297 
 
 300 
 
 52 
 
 Hecht . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Th. Michel . . 
 
 
 244 
 
 650 
 
 53 
 
 Vulcan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. Freerks . . 
 
 
 200 
 
 300 
 
 54 
 
 Neptun 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 R. Bfissenschutt 
 
 
 78 
 
 220 
 
 56 
 
 Mercur 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W. Seggeling . 
 
 
 124 
 
 360 
 
 56 
 
 Apollo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C. Strodthoff . 
 
 
 73 
 
 220 
 
 57 
 
 Comet . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J, ProhbSse . . 
 
 
 107 
 
 180 
 
 58 
 
 Libelle 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. Kiinning . . 
 
 
 74 
 
 250 
 
 59 
 
 Eerkules 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. Meyerdiercks 
 
 
 244 
 
 370 
 
 60 
 
 Centaur 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. Hovers . . . 
 
 
 177 
 
 340 
 
 61 
 
 Lacks . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. HOgemann . 
 
 
 270 
 
 550 
 
 62 
 
 Saturn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a. Silbersdorf . 
 
 
 125 
 
 300 
 
 63 
 
 Najade 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0. Wurtmann . 
 
 
 726 
 
 2000 
 
 64 
 
 Cyklop 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 F. Hilgerloh . . 
 
 
 73 
 
 200 
 
 65 
 
 Seeadler 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. Burosse . . 
 
 
 532 
 
 1000 
 
 66 
 
 Planet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W. de Vries . . 
 
 
 44 
 
 90 
 
 
 Building: 
 
 
 
 
 
 67 
 
 Trier. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -J#«- 
 
 XXX7 
 
 in« 
 
O 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 
 •T-H 
 
 03 
 03 
 
 O 
 
 03 P^ 
 
 s @ 
 
 o 
 
 03 
 
 03 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 03 
 
 B 
 
 -t-» 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 00 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 p4 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •OIAJ0S jO IJ«»X 
 
 SJ ot 08 niojj 
 
 08 •» ST raoj^ 
 
 eotAiss JO si'B»iC 
 91 o; 01 ™oy 
 
 00 
 
 
 a 
 
 "* 
 
 73 
 C 
 
 
 
 eo t-i »o eo 
 
 1-1 i-H »oo-^i-He«<M 
 
 CC<— (rHQO Tj(CO»Ol-HeO'-l (M (Ml— ( 
 
 CD cc i;o 1— I r-i r- 
 
 05 ec coaicc<Nco-*co oseooo 
 
 1—1 Tjl I-l 
 
 1-1 05 eo (N 
 
 (N eo (N rH « 
 
 I— I 
 
 eo 
 
 i-ieoo5(NT-4coiOQoeo 
 
 kO (N T-( .-c 
 
 eo (N 1-H oj t» 
 
 1— ( 
 
 eoaD-*cO'*-<it,-ico(N 
 lO eo ©J 
 
 OQ0Tj(a)<MI>-<?*C-Tfi-ii-(CDt'f0cDi-i05 
 
 c-co(Meoi3Qc^05cooieo(MCseO'*>ot*»-i 
 
 T-^ 1— lr-llOl— (1— IO<l'-H 
 
 s « « 
 
 .g OB 00 00 H g *; 
 
 3 ^« »-i ^ ■=* (s c 
 p<«a S fa oD 5 
 
 03 53 O C3 00 O 
 U O 73 o« ag.a 
 
 XXXVI 
 
 
 £ S © r o 
 
 ' ■ ■ 03 bo * ^s 
 
 ajg DO es <*< ^ 
 
 ?3 2 -^ o -;? 73 ^.S oa a OT 
 c3So8*Jr£2i<0^a!a^- 
 UO*000D0SO.AOGSai.A 
 
 eS-rs 
 
Cd i-H r-i M CO 
 
 eo t-1-t 
 
 i-H CD W 
 
 CO eo »o (N 1-1 Tj( 
 
 
 00 
 
 « CO O — < OS CO tH 
 
 Tj< to <Mcocoi-i eo»o 
 
 
 OS 
 
 1—1 
 
 "^i-IOOeOC35-*COOO 
 »-l CO 1© 1-1 
 
 on 00 eo CO eo 00 t> T-i x* t- 
 
 i-( 1-1 1-H CO 
 
 
 kO 
 
 CO O t- 
 
 T-l (M 
 
 ■^ eo •'i' 
 
 Cq ^,Hi-ICOTjtCM COQO 
 
 
 
 <M CO O lO CO «5 -^ ■<* Oil CO i-H -^ iH t-H (M •* (N CD iO 
 
 I— 1 •^ eo 
 
 01 
 
 (M 
 
 COeO CO CO (N TttCN 
 
 t^'^— (i-ii-i cocji-ieoio 
 x* 
 
 
 
 kO eo CO lOi 00 (M ■«* i-l CO W3 N -^ <M ■<* 1* i-H lO OS 
 
 »H »0 i-H CO 
 
 o 
 OS 
 
 t^ Ol (N 
 
 U3 (M 
 
 »0 ■* 00 (N i-l lO <N CO '^ (MOO t- C- 
 
 eo 
 
 (N 
 
 CO 
 OS 
 
 
 ■<tCOI>eO'*CO(N»<M (NOO t-t- 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 CO l-H lO 
 
 rl< CO iO,-l 
 
 CO rH CO -^ Tf »0 tH OS (N 1-1 
 
 o« 
 
 -<* 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO OS t- 
 co •>* 
 
 CO us C- CO 
 
 i-IOdOSOJi-ITttiOfMOOiO 
 i-* »o 
 
 r-l 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 CO rH Ttl CO 
 
 o o 
 
 tH 1—1 
 
 1C5 t- rt eo 
 
 OOCOOSCJ rH-^t-OO 
 (N 1— ( T-i O 
 
 1—1 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 CO 
 
 -H.-HC-00i-lt~-<*O5CD 
 CO rti i-H — " 
 
 CO 
 
 t>coe*(M (>joseoo(M 
 
 3'1 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 T-I 
 
 OSCDC5l>l>05>0 05COIM-^COiOOiCOS(MiO-^iOCOCO 
 COOiOSt-COC-COD-fN-^TfCOCOCOCOCOiOTjfOiO 
 i-( CO lO .-1 --H t~ 
 
 lO 
 
 »-i o r -ts <D 
 
 Q .(H © 05 T-i w li; 
 
 +> »Q i o ^ a> ^j 
 
 CJ '7'»>-.Sfh'n*_-9Q'?T'£ 
 
 03 kj TX ^ r; ri t^ "T^ W O >^ •»-< 1^ I^ O CD 
 
 ■*'*»«Sg+jg3<aS,cl©«5in+JHJrtS 
 
 XXXVII 
 
s 1 
 
 «■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 
 e 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 ?. 
 
 i 
 
 e 
 
 
 "i 
 
 
 •a- 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 u? 
 
 s 
 
 H 
 
 (M 
 
 00 
 (M 
 
 r- 
 
 (M 
 
 CM 
 
 CO 
 <M 
 
 o 
 
 DJ 
 
 C2 
 
 00 
 
 c- 
 
 CO 
 
 10 
 
 1-t 
 
 ■<* 
 
 CO 
 (M 
 
 O 
 (35 
 00 
 t- 
 
 CD 
 
 -* 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 =: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 « 
 
 t* 
 
 «o 
 
 « 
 
 LI 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 LI 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 r- 
 
 » 
 
 CO 
 
 S2 
 
 i 
 
 >^ 
 
 a c3 S? 
 
 ♦^ Q ^ • 
 
 g « ^^ 
 
 o ^^ 
 
 •s ^ 
 
 XXXVIII 
 
.^ <=> 
 
 g 1 5 § S 
 
 (. ^ f. a> «i 
 
 S S ,1 £ S 
 
 i 1 
 
 
 t- 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 a 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 OS 
 
 n 
 
 K 
 
 CD 
 CM 
 
 U3 
 (M 
 
 -ti 
 (M 
 
 CO 
 
 g] 
 
 GO 
 t- 
 
 to 
 
 tH 
 
 CO 
 (M 
 
 O 
 00 
 
 c- 
 
 CD 
 lO 
 -* 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 III 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 llll 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pi 
 
 di 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 — - 
 
 i 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ii 
 
 hi 
 
 
 S 1 S 2 5 
 
 li 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 « 
 
 s 1 ^ 
 
 
 XXXIX 
 
Hill 
 
 XL 
 
> 
 
 <D 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 iK 
 
 
 "f 
 
 ■D 
 
 
 
 >^ 
 
 rn 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 t3 
 
 OS 
 
 nr 
 
 ■MHHB 
 
 03 
 
 lH 
 
 -J 
 
 '3 
 
 4) 
 
 
 -(J 
 
 -3 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 
 1- 
 
 -^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 <D S 
 
 CD 
 
 <n '^ 
 
 « 
 
 „ 
 
 ^ 
 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 K 
 
 S 
 
 i 
 
 fl- 
 
 S 
 
 i» 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 « 
 
 » 
 
 1* 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 m 
 
 £ 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 « 
 
 o 
 
 if 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 & 
 
 S 
 
 - 
 
 
 5 <0&H S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 >0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j^JrO C 
 
 i^ 
 
 Vi 
 
 s 
 
 
 K 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 
 2 
 
 "^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 iS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 So<= 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O hSo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 => o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —" o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O Oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <=> 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 us <=> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 H 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ss§ 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 S '^'s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !M. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 a"», 
 
 25=5- 
 
 ID 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 •J 
 c 
 
 s 
 
 ? 
 
 S 
 
 b 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 ■J 
 
 d 
 
 .1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 £ 
 
 1 
 
 O* 
 
 
 a 
 
 g 
 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 OS 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 •c 
 
 a 
 
 CO 
 
 CIS 
 
 e 
 
 o 
 XI 
 
 o 
 
 as 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 B 
 
 -«! 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 
 a 
 « 
 
 i- 
 
 1 
 a 
 *«) 
 o 
 
 "3 
 
 i 
 
 i3 
 
 ail 
 
 ea 
 
 a 
 '3 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 •8 
 a 
 
 •c 
 
 § 
 
 .2 
 
 
 O 
 
 "3 
 
 o 
 
 B 
 ■S 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 '2 
 
 S 
 
 ed 
 
 "3 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 E- 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 i« 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 XLI 
 
91 a CZ- "^ ^O « l-lo ^O -T O "Q 00 *T 
 
 t-o"©' *o«es csl© -9 n '^ •o« ar> qd 
 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 g 
 
 © 
 o 
 
 9 
 f. 
 
 o © o 
 o o o 
 e o o 
 
 £ 00 r 
 
 ? CO G> 
 
 ill! 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 = 1 
 ^3 
 
 +1 ""-ffl-"- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 „ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' I ' 1 ^ 
 
 1 ' V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t8 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 1 i. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 LO 
 
 :i :'• ■'■■. 'M 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ ' 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 Itll 
 
 ' lO 
 
 
 o 
 
 7-1 
 
 
 lo 
 
 ! : 
 
 
 n ^ ez 7> — ooa?t-e «c-w<w-o 
 C»OOa.OO«3<»«ac ao<»«3cc»oo 
 
 s a 
 
 g 
 
 i 
 
 £ i i 
 
 S S 2 
 
 9 
 
 >l 
 
 B 'ot 
 
 XLU 
 
o 
 
 t« 
 
 SJ 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 o 
 »o 
 
 o 
 
 S3 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 ID <N 
 
 T O 
 
 S £ 
 
 « 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 e 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 »» 
 
 s 
 
 05 
 
 
 [f^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 :■ . ! 
 
 
 ~" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 QO 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 III 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r- 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CD 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I* 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cd 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 , 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 00 
 
 tr- 
 
 co 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ■ 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 i 
 
 a- 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 
 a 
 
 1 S 
 
 1 
 
 t- 
 
 
 2 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 so n 
 
 go 
 
 g 
 
 1 
 
 xmi 
 
XLIV 
 
QniteD States. 
 
UNITED STATES. 
 
 1 he domain of the United States now includes 4B States, and 
 
 4 Territories and two Districts. The States are 
 
 Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, 
 Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Jowa, Kansas, Kentucky, 
 Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, 
 Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, 
 New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, 
 Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South 
 Dakota, Tennessee . Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virs^inia, Washtni^ton , 
 West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyom.in^. 
 
 The Territories are, Arizona, Indian Territory, New Mexico, Oklahoma, 
 and the District of Columbia and District of Alaska. 
 
 When the United Colonies won there independence hy the 
 Revolution war, from 1775 to 1783, the States formed a loose confe- 
 deration until 1787. At that time the constitution of the United 
 States was framed by Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, Jay, Livingston, 
 Madison, Sherman and others, and this system of government was 
 accepted hy each of the States; in 1789 Washington became the first 
 President. 
 
 There was originally 13 States, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, 
 Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
 North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina and 
 Virginia. Maine was taken from Massachusetts, Vermont from New 
 Hampshire and New York, and West Virginia from Virginia. The 
 remaining States and Territories have risen from later won domains 
 from the Republic. 
 
 The population of the United States, amounted in 1790, to 
 3,929,214; in 1890, to jp2,622,250. The area is 3,527,009 square miles. 
 
 The Government of the United States is in fact a republic of 
 republics. It is more tian a league of States, because it has direct 
 authority over every citizen. The Federal Government, concentrated 
 
 8 1* 
 
in the District of Columbia, administrates the foreign relations, the 
 army and navy, the postal service, foreign and domestic commerce, 
 currency, copyrights and patents and the Federal courts of justice. 
 
 The State Governments have authority upon all other local 
 matters. 
 
 The States existed before the Federal Government wos founded, 
 and though they are subordinate to the Federal Government, they 
 could exist without it, as independent republics. The President and 
 Vice-President are choosen by electors, the people of each State 
 choosing by vote as many electors as the State has members of both 
 houses of Congress. 
 
 The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, but 
 never officially enters the field of war. He appoints the chief executive 
 officers of the Goverment. 
 
 The Cabinet includes the Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, 
 of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agriculture, the Post- 
 master-General and the Attorney-General. 
 
 The Congress of the United States is composed of the Senate 
 and the House of Representatives. The Senate includes 88 Senators, 
 two being elected by the legislature of each State, for a term of 6 years. 
 
 The House of Representatives include 356 members elected every 
 two years by the direct vote of the people. 
 
 The United States Army consists of 27,390 men, in ten regiments 
 of cavalry, five of artillery und 25 of infantry. 
 
 The organized militia numbers 112,000 men, and the unorganized 
 militia includes 8,600,000 men. 
 
 The United States Navy includes 8,000 men, and about 
 75 vessels of the old fleet, and 44, vessels of the new navy, some of 
 them still under construction. 
 
 The census of 1890 shows that the United States possesses 
 3 cities with more than a million inhabitants, they are New York, 
 Chicago, Philadelphia. Besides these 24 cities have more than 
 100,000 inhabitants. 
 
Table of Railway and Steamboat Fares 
 
 From New York to the Leading Cities and Plaees of Interest in the 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 The Railway named is that by which the traveler leaves New York. 
 
 The rates g^iven are liable to slight variations. They are both for 
 unlimited and limited tickets. Unlimited tickets are good until used, and 
 permit of stop-over at any place and for any time en route. The limited 
 tickets are good for continuous passage only, and will not permit of stop 
 over. We do not give the price of excursion -tickets (good for passage 
 both ways). 
 
 From New York to 
 
 Via 
 
 Un- 
 limited 
 
 Dnll. 
 
 Limi- 
 ted 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Aiken, S. C. . 
 
 Albany, N. Y. . 
 Atlanta, Ga. . 
 
 ?? 11 
 
 Atlantic City, N.J 
 
 Augusta, Ga. . 
 
 Baltimore, Md. . 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Baltimore, 'W"ashington,West Point 
 
 Washington, Eichmond, and Ports- 
 mouth 
 
 Hudson River or West Shore R R. 
 
 Steamboat ........ 
 
 Washington. Norfolk and Ports- 
 mouth, or Shenandoah Valley 
 
 Baltimore and West Point . . 
 
 Pennsylvania or New Jersey 
 Southern R. R 
 
 Baltimore, Norfolk, Weldon, and 
 Columbia 
 
 Washington, Richmond, and Wil- 
 mington 
 
 Washington, Lynchburg, and 
 Danville 
 
 Pennsylvania R. R 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio R R. . . . 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 
 
 Fall River, or Stonington, or Pro- 
 vidence, or Norwich steamers 
 
 5 
 
 3,10 
 2,— 
 
 3,25 
 
 5,30 
 5,30 
 5, 
 
 3 — 
 
 22,80 
 23,— 
 
 24,- 
 23,- 
 
 23,— 
 23,— 
 23,— 
 
Buffalo, N. Y, . 
 Burlington, Iowa 
 
 Burlington, Vt. 
 Cape May, N. J. 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 1) »? 
 
 Colorado Springs Col, 
 
 H 55 11 
 
 11 11 11 
 
 Columbus, Ohio . 
 
 11 11 
 
 Delaware Wat.- Gap. 
 
 Pa. 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 11 5) 
 
 11 55 
 
 Detroit, Mich. . 
 Frankfort, Ky. * 
 
 55 55 • 
 
 Galveston, Texas 
 
 New York Central R. R. . . . 
 Brie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 Erie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
 Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 
 New York Central & Hudson River 
 
 Pennsylvania R. R 
 
 Baltimore, Norfolk & Weldon 
 Washington and Richmond . . 
 Washington, Lynchburg, Danville, 
 Charlotte, and Columbia . . . 
 Steamer (Pier 19, East River) . 
 Washington,Lynchburg and Bristol 
 Washington, Lynchburg, Asheville 
 
 and Knoxville 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio, and Shen- 
 andoah Valley ... . . 
 Now York Central or Pennsylvania 
 Brie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
 Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 Brie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
 Baltimore and Ohio R. R . . . 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 Erie, West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh Vail. 
 New York Central, Erie, or Penn- 
 sylvania R. R 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 
 Valley . . 
 
 Morris and Essex (Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna, and Western) R. R. . 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 Baltimore and Ohio, or Lehigh 
 
 Valley 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 Lehigh Valley and Canada R. R. 
 New York Central, Erie, or Penn- 
 sylvania R. R 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R 
 
 New York Central, Erie, Pennsyl- 
 vania, or Baltimore and 0. R. R. 
 (Western Route) 
 
 7,64 
 
 20,- 
 
 2,56 
 
From New York to 
 
 Un- 
 limited 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Galveston, Texas 
 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Hot Springs, Ark. 
 
 V H V 
 
 Houston, Texas 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Jacksonville, Pla. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 11 1) n 
 
 »1 ?» >1 
 
 Leadville, Col. . 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 »? ?j >i 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. 
 
 5» H 51 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 1' n ?i 
 
 Washington, Atlanta, and New 
 Orleans 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R 
 
 Steamer (Pier 20, East River) . . 50,' 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 2 55 
 
 Pennsylvania, Brie, Baltimore and 
 Ohio, or New York Central R.R. 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R 
 
 New York Central, Brie, Pennsyl- 
 vania, or Baltimore and Ohio 
 R. R. (Western Route) . . . 
 
 Washington, Atlanta, and New 
 Orleans 
 
 Lehigh Velley R. 11 
 
 New York Central or Erie . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 
 
 Lehigh Vallay R, R 
 
 Baltimore, Norfolk and Weldon 
 
 Washington, Richmond, and Wil- 
 mington 
 
 Washington and Atlanta, or 
 Columbia 
 
 Lehigh Valley R R 
 
 Steamer (Pier 19, Bast River) . 25, — 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Washington, Atlanta, and Memphis 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Pensylvania R. R., Baltimore and 
 Ohio R. R., and St. Louis or 
 Cairo , 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio R. R , and 
 St. Louis or Cairo or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Washington, Atlanta and Memphis 
 
 Central R. R. of New Jersey . . 
 
 New Jersey Southern (Pier 14. 
 
 North River) 1, — 
 
 Pennsylvania or New York Central 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh Vail. 
 
 7 
 
Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. . '. 
 
 11 11 • • 
 
 Lynchburg, Va. . 
 
 Madison. Wis . . 
 11 11 • • 
 
 11 "1 • • 
 
 Mauch Chunk, Pa. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. . 
 
 • 1 11 
 
 Mexico, Mex. . . 
 Milwaukee, Wis. . 
 
 H 11 
 
 11 11 • 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 ^j 1^ 
 
 11 11 
 
 Mobile, Ala. . . . 
 
 H 11 • • • 
 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 Nashville. Tenn. . 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 11 11 11 
 
 Washington, Atlanta, New Orleans 
 and So. Pac. R. R 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 20,50 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
 Ohio R. R • . 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Morris and Essex, or New Jersey 
 
 Central, or Lehigh Valley R. R. 3,45 
 
 Cincinnati and Louisville (Western 
 Route) 
 
 Washington and Lynchburg (At- 
 lanta and Birmingham) . . . 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R 
 
 New York Central, Erie, West 
 Shore, Baltimore and Ohio. 
 Lehigh Valley, or Pennsylvania 
 R. R. via Laredo 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Cincinnati and Louisville (West- 
 ern Route) 
 
 Baltimore or Washington (South- 
 ern Route) 
 
 (Same routes as to Mobile) 
 (Southern Route) 
 
 Cincinnati and Louisville (West- 
 ern Route) 
 
 Washington and Lynchburg 
 (Southern Route) 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 1 ,50 
 
 Cincinnati direct (Western Route) 
 
 Harrisburg, Roanoke and Chatta- 
 nooga (or B. and O.) and Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 8 
 
Prom New York to 
 
 Via 
 
 Un- 
 limited 
 
 Doll. 
 
 New Orleaus, La. 
 
 Newport, R. I. . 
 
 Niagara Palls . 
 
 Norfolk, Vk. . '. 
 
 Northampton, Mass 
 Oil City, Pa. . 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 55 55 
 
 •5 55 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Pittsburg, Pa. , 
 
 55 55 
 
 Pittsfield, Mass. 
 Plattsburg, N. Y. 
 
 Portland, Me. 
 
 •5 55 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 55 
 
 Portsmouth, N. H 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Raleigh, N. c!' 
 
 55 55 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Washington, Richmond (or B. and 
 0.) and Atlanta 
 
 "Washington, Lynchburg, Char- 
 lotte and Atlanta 
 
 Washington, Richmond, Wei don 
 and Seaboard Air Linie . . . 
 
 Steamer (2 lines) 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R 
 
 Fall River steamers 
 
 New York Central 
 
 West Shore, Lehigh Valley, or Erie 
 
 Pennsylvania R. R 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio, and Bay Line 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 
 
 Brie R. R . 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Pennsylvania or New Jersey 
 Central 
 
 Pennsylvania or New Jersey 
 Central .... . . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 
 
 New York and New Haven R R. 
 
 New York Central and Hudson 
 River 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 
 
 Steamer to Boston, thence by R.R. 
 
 Pennsylvania or N. Y. Central . 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 
 
 Canada Pacific 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley .■....,... 
 
 (Same routes as to Portland) 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 
 
 Steamer (Pier 29, North River) . 
 
 Pennsylvania R. R. . . . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio and Wash- 
 ington 
 
 Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
 Ohio 
 
 Steamers (foot of Beach Street, 
 North River) ....... 
 
 B. and O. R. R., or Penn. R. R., 
 and York River Line . . . . 
 
 9 
 
 35,— 
 4,50 
 2,— 
 
 8.30 
 4,25 
 
 2 50 
 
 12,50 
 
 3,90 
 
 8,— 
 
 7,— 
 
 6,90 
 2,25 
 
 10,- 
 9,— 
 8,30 
 
From New York to 
 
 via 
 
 Un- 
 limited 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Rutland, Vt. . . 
 Sacramento, Cal. . 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla. 
 
 St. Joseph, Mo. 
 
 11 11 11 
 
 11 . 11 " 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. . 
 
 11 11 11 ' 
 11 11 11 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 )i 11 11 
 
 11 11 11 
 
 11 11 11 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 11 11 1* 
 11 11 11 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 i> >i 11 
 
 11 11 
 
 Saratoga Springs, 
 
 N. Y. - 
 Savannah, Ga. . . 
 
 Sharon Springs, N.Y, 
 
 Springfield, 111. . . 
 
 11 11 • • 
 
 New York Central and Hudson 
 River 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie ot West Shore 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Washington, Richmond, and Wil- 
 mington 
 
 Washington , Lynchburg , Char- 
 lotte and Columbia or Atlanta 
 
 Steamers to Charleston or Sa- 
 vannah 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley _. 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Brie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Brie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Pennsylvania R. R 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Brie or West Shore R. R. , . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley • 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 Valley 
 
 Canada Pacific via Portland, Ore 
 
 New York Central and Hudson 
 River or West Shore R. R. 
 
 Washington, Richmond and 
 Charleston 
 
 Washington, Lynchburg and 
 Charlotte 
 
 Steamer (Pier 35, North River) . 
 
 New York Central and Hudson 
 River > _ • 
 
 New York Central or Pennsylvania 
 
 Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh Vail. 
 
 10 
 
 6,64 
 
 16- 
 
 4,20 
 
 20,- 
 
From New York to 
 
 via 
 
 Un- 
 limited 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Limi- 
 ted 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Springfield, Mass. . 
 Staunton, Va. . . 
 
 Toledo, Ohio . . 
 
 Trenton FaUs, N. T, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Watkins Glen, N. T. 
 "White Mountain s,N.H. 
 
 »i 5? i? 
 
 White Sulphur 
 
 Springs, W. Va. 
 Wilkesbaare, Pa. . 
 
 Wilmington, N. C. 
 
 Yosemite Valley Cal. 
 
 New York and New Haven R.E. 
 Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
 
 Ohio 
 
 New York Central or Brie , . 
 Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
 
 Valley 
 
 New York Central and Hudson 
 
 River 
 
 Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Erie or New York Central E. R. 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R 
 
 New York and New Haven R. R. 
 Any steamer route to Boston, 
 
 thence by R. R 
 
 Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Morris and Essex, Lehigh Valley, 
 
 or New Jersey Central R. R. . 
 Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
 
 Ohio . 
 
 Side excursion from San Francisco 
 
 2,75 
 
 6,50 
 6,55 
 7,70 
 9,75 
 
 50,— 
 
 11,05 
 16,26 
 
 16,— 
 
 5,40 
 
 6,45 
 
 13,80 
 
 4,35 
 
 16,35 
 
 11 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 Only a few decades back America 
 '■ did not appear to Europeans suf- 
 ficiently attractive to produce an ardent 
 desire for a trip across the- Atlantic 
 Ocean. But since then, the year by 
 year steadily and enormously in- 
 creasingcommercialrelationsbetween 
 the two hemispheres and particularly 
 those successful efforts of the ''North 
 German Lloyd" , which surrounds 
 its travelers with every possible 
 modern comfort on its large, fast 
 and convenient Ocean steamers, have 
 proved to be mighty factors in in- 
 ducing numberless foreigners to visit 
 America on pleasure as well as on 
 business. Besides that, however, it 
 has become now an undisputed fact, 
 that the natural beauties of the "New 
 World" are of such grandeur and 
 most peculiar charm as to fascinate 
 and astonish even the most fastidious 
 visitors from abroad. No wonder! 
 Where in the whole world, for in- 
 stance, is there anything to compare 
 with the marvelous grandeur of the 
 "Niagara Falls"? Where — except 
 perhaps in the Himalaya mountains 
 — axe such giants as the "Pico de 
 Orizaba" or the snowcrowned Vul- 
 canos "Popocatepetl" and "Ixtacci- 
 huatl" ? At every town the eye rests 
 on landscapes of great beauty, on 
 abundant and manifold specimens 
 of flora and fauna. The cities, natur- 
 ally, are too young, to possess those 
 attractions , which make so many 
 ancient and historical cities of the 
 old world famous. But this lack of 
 antiquity is amply compensated for, by 
 the thoroughly practical, modern, one 
 
 might almost say, daring style in the 
 buildings of the cities and in the 
 customs of their inhabitants. 
 
 Before going into particulars, the 
 reader will probably find a few words 
 of general information interesting. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 The currency used in the United 
 States is the Dollar, which is worth 
 a trifle more than 4 Mai-ks German, 
 4 Shillings English or 5 Francs 
 French money. A Dollar is divided 
 into 100 Cents. One Cent con- 
 sequently is equal to about 4 Pfen- 
 nige in Germany and 5 Centimes in 
 France. In all parts of the United 
 States, except in California, payment 
 is made almost entirely in paper and 
 the following denominations of Notes 
 are now in circulation: 
 
 1. United States Notes at 1, 2, 5, 
 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Doll. 
 
 2. United States Treasury Notes 
 at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 
 1000 Dollars. 
 
 3. United States Silver Certifi- 
 cates at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 
 and 1000 Dollars. 
 
 4. United States Gold Notes at 
 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 
 10,000 Dollars. 
 
 5. National Bank Bills at 1, 2, 5, 
 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Doll. 
 
 Silver Coin is circulating in pieces 
 of 1 Dollar, 50 Cents, 25 Cents and 
 10 Cents, Nickel-pieces at 5 Cents, 
 Copper-pieces at 1 and 2 Cents. 
 
 13 
 
CLIMATE. 
 
 The degree of temperature in the 
 United States is measured and re- 
 gistered by the Fahrenheit Thermo- 
 meter, according to which O (Zero) 
 is 32 degrees below the freezing 
 point. In order to compare Fahren- 
 heit with systems of Reaumur and 
 Celsius, it wiU be necessary in the 
 first place to deduct these 32 degrees, 
 which makes the O or Zero-points 
 even. This done, divide the remain- 
 der by 9 and multiply the number 
 received by 4, if the Reaumur, and 
 by 5 if Celsius-degree is to be ascer- 
 tained. During the Summer the 
 average temperature of New York is 
 about 86—90 degrees Fahrenheit, 
 which equals 26 to 28 degrees Re- 
 aumur or 30—33 degrees Celsius. 
 Along the coast the temperature is 
 considerably lower while the interior 
 and especially the southern parts of 
 the country are very much warmer. 
 The most agreeable season is the 
 autumn untiU end of November. 
 
 LANGUAGE. 
 
 The English language is used in 
 the United States, but m New York, 
 as in all the large cities of the West, 
 a great deal oi German is spoken 
 as well 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The prices of hotel accoiomodations 
 always include light and service, ex- 
 cept cleaning clothes and shoes. The 
 beds are comfortable, very wide, and 
 in many hotels charges are the same, 
 whether the bed is occupied by one 
 or two persons. In almost all hotels 
 lodging can be had with meals, table 
 d'hote (American plan), or without 
 meals, a la carte (European plan). 
 Exorbitant extra charges, not agreed 
 upon in advance, £ire not known 
 in the United States and the custom 
 of tipping, which during the last few 
 years has found its way from Europe 
 over here into hotels and restaurants, 
 has not yet become obligatory. 
 
 BAGGAGE. 
 
 Hotel-employers or Hotel-omnibus 
 do not transfer baggage. Unless a 
 
 private conveyance be engaged, 
 baggage is forwarded exclusively by 
 the variousExpress-Companies, whose 
 agents wdl be found at all R. R. 
 stations and on board of trains neat 
 all large cities. The dehvery is 
 prompt and speedy. 
 
 AMERICAN PLAN. 
 
 The style of living on the American 
 plan in our thoroughly American 
 hotels bears an entirely different 
 character from the table d'hote in 
 hotels on the European continent. 
 The courses are not served as they 
 follow in the menu unless so ordered. 
 Guests usually make a selection from 
 the bill of fare and their order is 
 served all together in separate small 
 dishes. But it is also customary to 
 order soup and fish together, then 
 the other courses except the dessert, 
 which is then served with the coffee 
 or tea. 
 
 RESTAURANTS 
 
 In all the large cities there are a 
 o-reat number of restaurants, at which 
 a so called "regular dinner" is served 
 in much the same way as table 
 d'hote in Europe. Particularly all first 
 class hotels in New York, Chicago. 
 St. Louis &c. are connected with 
 such. In those restaurants not serv- 
 ing on the American plan, but only a 
 la carte, the portions are usually very 
 large, one portion being sufficient 
 for two persons, while in many cases 
 half-portions may be obtained. The 
 smaller restaurants do not _ serve 
 beer wine and other intoxicating 
 drinks on account of the high license 
 imposed, but there are innumer- 
 able Bar-rooms, not connected with 
 restaurants. 
 
 FREELUNCH. 
 
 A very peculiar custom is illustrated 
 by the Freelunch, which is served 
 in ahnost every Bar-room. For the 
 purpose of attracting guests, sand- 
 wiches, pickles, crackers, (biscuits) 
 cheese &c. are arranged at one end 
 of the counter, or at a side table. 
 To these any one buying drinks may 
 help himself free of charge. This 
 
 14 
 
custom was forbidden by law in New 
 York some time ago, but that prohibi- 
 tion has been lately revoked. 
 
 SUNDAY. 
 
 In most every State of the Union 
 the question of keeping the Sabbath 
 has become a very serious one. All 
 banks, offices and large stores usually 
 close on Saturday at midday and 
 remain closed over Sunday. Only 
 such stores, in which victuals may 
 be obtained, are open Sunday morn- 
 ing for a short time. Bar-room 
 keepers are not allowed to sell beer, 
 wine or liquors after 12 p.m. Satur- 
 day. Such drinks can only be had 
 in restaurants and hotels on Sunday, 
 provided a meal, or at least a sandwich, 
 has been ordered at the same time. 
 
 ICE CREAM, SODA WATER, 
 "SOFT DRINKS". 
 
 The quantity of Ice Cream, mineral 
 water and so called "soft drinks" 
 consumed during the hot months in 
 America is beyond all calculation. 
 This kind of refreshments may be 
 purchased at confectioneries as well 
 as in almost all drug stores. 
 
 CLEANING OP BOOTS 
 
 is in the United States a trade carried 
 on by socalled "bootblacks". At 
 nearly eill the street comers there 
 are bootblack-stands. The prices 
 are five and ten cents. If called for, 
 the bootblacks also come into the 
 houses. 
 
 SPECIAL CUSTOMS. 
 
 The roadways in the cities of the 
 United States are seldom passed 
 except at the corners of the streets, 
 where crossings are laid expressly 
 for pedestrians. On crowded 
 corners police officers are charged 
 with the regulation of the traffic. 
 
 On the streets in Germany the 
 gentleman always leads the lady on 
 the right side, in France always on 
 his left. In the United States a 
 gentleman places himself so that he 
 is between the lady and the roadway. 
 
 On meeting in the street, the lady 
 should salute first. 
 
 At meals at home or in restau- 
 rants the plates are placed before 
 the host, who serves guests and 
 relatives. 
 
 AA/VVWW\AAAA/VV\ 
 
 15 
 
ALABAMA. 
 
 History. It is supposed that Ala- 
 bama was first visited by white men 
 in 1541, when the gallant troops of 
 De Soto passed through its wilder- 
 nesses, on their memorable explor- 
 ing expedition to the great Missis- 
 sippi. In 1702, a fort was erected 
 ia Mobile Bay by a Frenchman 
 named Bienville, and nine years later 
 the present site of the city of Mobile 
 was occupied. At the peace of 1763, 
 this territory passed mto the pos- 
 session of the English, with all the 
 French possessions (except New 
 Orleans) east of the Mississippi. 
 Until 1802 Alabama was included 
 in the domain of Georgia, and after 
 1802 and up to 1817 it was a part 
 of the Mississippi Territory. At 
 that period it was formed into a 
 distinct government, and was ad- 
 mitted in 1819 into the Union as an 
 iadependent State. 
 
 The population of Alabama in 1860 
 mcluded 526,271 whites and 425,000 
 negroes slaves, owned by some 
 30.000 farmers. Then the fifth state 
 in the Union in the value of its 
 agricultural products and the seventh, 
 as regards wealth. Its valuation 
 sank from 792,000,000 in 1860 to 
 202,000,000 in 1865, pardy due to 
 the emancipation of the slaves. 
 
 The reestablishment of the Nat- 
 ional power after the Civil War, was 
 lollowed by unhappy years of "car- 
 pet-bag" administration, when the 
 
 treasury of the state suifered from 
 venal legislation, her standard 8 % 
 bonds falling to 20 cents on a dollar. 
 Alabama has since resumed her place 
 as one of the most conservative 
 states in the Union, with a strong 
 and efficient government. The 
 mineral wealth of the state has 
 greatly developed of late years, the 
 mines in the northern part of the 
 state, competing with those of Penn- 
 sylvania in the yield of coal and 
 iron; the output of pig iron alone 
 in 1888, amounting to 791,425 tons. 
 
 The name of the State is derived 
 from its chief river, being of Indian 
 origin. There is a poetic legend, 
 that an exiled Indian tribe reached 
 the great river, when the chief struck 
 his spear into the bank, exclaiming; 
 "Alabama" = "Here we rest". It 
 is also sometimes called the "Cotton 
 Plantation State". The fertile Ten- 
 nessee Valley stretches out towards 
 the east, along the blue highlands 
 of the Raccoon and Lookout Ranges. 
 The present population of the State 
 is 1,513,017, more than half of whicli 
 is colored. 
 
 WhUe the upper portion of the 
 State is thus rude and hilly, the 
 central falls into fertile prairie reach- 
 es. The extreme southern edge for 
 fifty or sixty miles from the ^ilf, is 
 sometimes a sandy, sometimes a rich 
 alluvial plain. 
 
 17 
 
The climate, like most of all the 
 southern line of States, varies from 
 the characteristics of the tropics 
 below, through all the intermediate 
 degrees to the salubrious and in- 
 vigorating air of the mountain lands 
 above. 
 
 The chief agricultural product of 
 Alabama is cotton, of which great 
 staple it yields more than any other 
 State in the Union. Extensive cane- 
 brakes once existed, but they have 
 been greatly cleared away. Sugar 
 cane grows on the south-west neck, 
 between Mobile and the Mississippi. 
 Many of the rich alluvial tracts yield 
 rice abundantly. Tobacco, also, is 
 produced. Indian corn, oats, sweet 
 potatoes, buckwheat, barley, flax, j ^}, 
 and silk, are much cultivated, besides 
 many other grains, fruits, and veget- 
 ables, and large supplies of live 
 stock of all descriptions. 
 
 ANNISTON, Ala. 
 
 One of the Icirgest cities in Alabama 
 with some 10,000 inh. and one of the 
 loveliest places of the South, situated 
 on a healthy and pleasant plateau of 
 northeastern Alabama, 900 feet above 
 the sea, amid the picturesque wooded 
 spurs of the Blue Ridge. Anniston is 
 built upon and surrounded by enor- 
 mous beds of brown hematic ore, easily 
 accessible and cheaply mined. The 
 first class coking coals of the Coosa 
 and Cohala mines are respectively 
 within 25 and 45 miles; and the 
 Anniston valley abounds in limestone 
 for fluting. Seven charcoal fur- 
 naces make yearly 50,000 tons of 
 tough carrakeel iron; and two coke 
 furnaces make 100,000 tons of pig 
 iron. The country about Anniston 
 is veiy fertile, especially along the 
 Choccolocca and Alexandria Valleys, 
 and among its other products the 
 city handles 60,000 bales of cotton 
 yearly. Under these favorable cir- 
 cumstances Anniston has constructed 
 a capital cotton compress and one 
 of the largest cotton-mills in the 
 South. Anniston is oue of the most 
 remarkable centers of the iron- 
 industry in Alabama, and also a 
 popular vacation-resort. The Noble 
 Institutes for Boys and Girls are 
 good schools. 
 
 BESSEMER, Ala. 
 
 600 ft above the sea, in the beauti- 
 ful amphitheatre of Jones Valley, 
 between Red Mountain and Rock 
 Mountain. 
 
 17 mis southwest of Birmingham, 
 an important center of the flour- 
 ishing iron-industry of Alabama. 
 Foimded in 1887, it arose within 
 three years to a population of 4544 
 and to the position of an important 
 manufacturing city and railway center 
 with seven furnaces iu full blast, 
 large rolling-mills and cast-iron-pipe- 
 works, five-brick works, and many 
 smaller industries, besides handsome 
 public buildings and business blocks. 
 The ore can be mined and delivered 
 the furnaces for 55 cts a ton. 
 Within 25 miles there are 600,000 
 acres of coal-fields, estimated to 
 contain 30 billion tons, and yielding 
 62^2 procent of coke. The great 
 mines on this belt deliver coal in 
 Bessemer at 80 cts a ton. The 
 purest Trenton limestone abounds 
 in Jones Valley, and is delivered in 
 the city at 60 cts. a ton. 9 railways 
 center here. 
 
 BLUFFTON, Ala. 
 
 Stands high on the Eastern- 
 Alabama foot-hills, with cliffs of 
 hematic iron ore all about it, 
 furnishing material for several 
 furnaces. 
 
 DECATUR, Ala. 
 A war-shattered old village of 1500 
 people on the broad and navigable 
 Tennessee, early in 1887, when 
 New Decatur arose, to be to-day a 
 manufacturing city of some 8,000 inh. 
 
 EUFAULA, Ala. 
 
 A growing town of Alabama with 
 some 5000 mh., perched on a bold 
 bluff overlooking the Chattahoochee, 
 facing Georgia. Notable College for 
 Women. 
 
 FLORENCE, Ala. 
 
 A flourishing city of Alabama 
 with some 6000 mh. on the Tennessee, 
 29 miles before its entrance iuto the 
 State of Mississippi. A notable 
 college for women, and a normal 
 school for boys. 
 
 18 
 
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. 
 
 A beautiful aud flourishmg moun- 
 tain town of Alabama, with about 
 8000 souls, on the line of the 
 Memphis and Charleston Railway; 
 famous for its great flowing spring, 
 the capital of the richest of the 
 Tennessee Valley counties and busily 
 carrying on manufactures. Seat of 
 the oldest Normal School for Colored 
 Boys, in Alabama. Near Huntsville, 
 is the Hotel Monte Sano, 1691 ft. 
 above the level of the sea, with 
 valuable iron and alum waters, 
 besides charming scenery. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, Ala. 
 The Capital of Alabama, a flour- 
 ishing city, with some 25,000 inhab- 
 tants on the Alabama River, 331 
 miles from Mobile; artesian wells, 
 street cars electric lights; a busy 
 railway center and winter resort of 
 numerous persons from the North. 
 An old-fashioned southern city, with 
 quaint country seats, nestled in 
 groves of, live oak. The town was 
 founded in 1817, and took its name 
 from Gen. Richard Montgomery, who 
 fell at Quebec. During the Civil 
 war, Montgomery was the first 
 Capital of the Confederate States. 
 Manufacturing is steadUy on the 
 increase and some 130,000 bales of 
 cotton are handled here every year. 
 Fine view from the State Capitol. 
 The usual public buildings and two 
 theaters. The Alabama River is 
 navigable as far as Montgomery. 
 Five important railroads converge 
 at this point. 
 
 FORT PAYNE, Ala. 
 
 A flourishing city of Alabama, 
 90 mis noth-east of Birmingham 
 founded in 1889, by New-Englanders, 
 who bought 32,000 acres of land 
 here, with the coal-seams of Lookout- 
 Mountains on one side, and the iron 
 ores of Red Mountain on the other, 
 and beds of limestone between. It 
 has a population of about 5000. 
 
 SELMA, Ala. 
 An important cotton mart, manufac- 
 turing town and railway center, with 
 some 8000 inhabitants, on the 
 Alabama River. 
 
 SHEFFIELD, Ala, 
 
 One of the interesting new cities 
 of northwestern Alabama, with its 
 fortunes securely based on the 
 manufacture of iron. It was founded 
 in 1885, on a bold bluff, midway 
 between Tuscumbia and Florence, 
 and fronting on the broad and deep 
 Tennessee River. Unlimited supplies 
 of fine brown iron-ore and the best 
 of coking coal are available within 
 20 miles, and have resulted in the 
 erection here of 5 blast-furnaces, 
 with a capacity of 700 tons of pig- 
 iron daily. The ores are of remark- 
 able excellence, requiring only a 
 pound of coke to make a pound of 
 metal, and producing but little slag. 
 A great advantage enjoyed by this 
 "Iron City on the Tennessee River" 
 is in the low price of freights by 
 water, amounting to but $1 a ton 
 to St. Louis. Many important ports 
 on the Tennessee, Ohio and Missis- 
 sippi are reached by steamer from 
 this city; and railways run to 
 Birmingham and other points. 
 
 TUSCALOOSA, Air. 
 
 upon the Black Warior River, at the 
 head of steamboat navigation, 125 
 miles by plankroadfromMontgomery.' 
 One of the principal towns of 
 Alabama and once the capital. 
 It is the seat of the University of 
 Alabama, established 1881, with 
 18 professors and 240 students 
 The State Lunatic Asylum and a 
 United States Land Office are 
 also located here. Its population is 
 about 4,200. 
 
 Tuscaloosa lies between the rich 
 corn and cotton-fields of the Warrior 
 Valley and its famous coal-fields. 
 
 THE ALABAMA RIVER 
 
 is a grand navigable stream, formed 
 by the confluence, some ten miles 
 above Montgomery, of the Coosa and 
 the Tallapoosa. About 45 miles above 
 the Mobile it is joined by the Tombig- 
 bee and the united waters are thence 
 known as the Mobile River. The 
 Alabama is navigable for large 
 steamers through its whole course 
 of 460 miles, from the citv of Mobile 
 to Wetumpka. It has long been, 
 
 19 
 
and still is, a peirt of the great 
 highway from Boston and New York 
 to New Orleans. It flows through 
 a country of rich cotton fields, broad 
 savanna lands, and dense forest tracts. 
 
 THE TOMBIGBEE RIVER 
 flows 450 miles from the north-east 
 corner of Mississippi.firsttoDemopolis 
 Alabama, where it imites with the 
 Black Warrior, and thence to the 
 Alabama River, about 45 miles 
 above Mobile. Its course is through 
 fertile savanna lands, occupied by 
 cotton plantations. Aberdeen, Co- 
 lumbus, Pickensville, Gainesville, and 
 Demopolis, are upon its banks. Large 
 steamboats asceiLd S36 miles to Co- 
 lumbus. 
 
 THE BLACK WARRIOR RIVER 
 
 unites at Demopolis with the Tom- 
 bigbee (see Tombigbee above). Tus- 
 caloosa, the capital of the State, is 
 upon its banks. To this point large 
 steamboats regularly ascend, 305 
 miles, from Mobile. The Indian name 
 of this river was Tuscaloosa, and it 
 is still thus sometimes called. 
 
 THE CHATTHOOCHEE. 
 
 forms a part of the Eastern boun- 
 dary of the State. 
 
 THE MUSCLE SHOALS, Ala. 
 
 are an extensive series of rapids 
 in that part of the Tennessee River 
 which lies in the extreme northern 
 part of the State. The descent of 
 the water here is 100 feet in the 
 course of 20 miles. The neighbor- 
 hood is a famous resort of wild 
 ducks and geese, which come in 
 great flocks in search of the shell- 
 fish from which the rapids derive 
 their name. Boats cannot pass this 
 part of the Tennessee except at 
 times of very high water. A canal 
 was once built around the shoals, 
 but it has been abandoned and is 
 falling into decay. 
 
 THE NICKAJACK CAVE, Ala. 
 
 Enters the Raccoon Mountains a 
 few miles below Chattanooga, Ten- 
 
 nessee, and the Lookout Moxmtain, 
 and immediately finds its way into 
 Georgia. A magnificent rocky arch 
 of some 80 feet span forms the 
 mouth of the cavern, high up in the 
 moimtain side. Just beneath, is a 
 dainty little lakelet, formed by the 
 waters of a mysterious brook, which 
 comes from the interior of the cave, 
 and disappears some distance from 
 the point of egress, rising again 
 without. How the waters of this 
 singular pond vanish, no one knows, 
 any more than how they come; but 
 vanish they do, for some distance, 
 when they are again seen, making 
 their way, like aS ordinary mortal 
 waters, toward other streams. The 
 passage of the cave is made in a 
 canoe, on this subterranean and 
 nameless stream, now through 
 immense chambers of grand stalac- 
 tites, and now through passages so 
 narrow, that to pass, one must crouch 
 down on his back and paddle his 
 way against the walls and roof of 
 the Procrustean tunnel. We thus 
 explored the Nickajack some years 
 ago for seven miles, without finding 
 its end or any signs thereof At 
 that period no traveler had before 
 penetrated so far, and we have not 
 heard of any additional revelations 
 since. This wonderful Avernus was 
 at one period of long ago, the 
 rendevous of the band of a certain 
 negro leader, known as Nigger Jack. 
 His moimtain head-quarters were 
 thus called "Nigger Jack's" Cave, a 
 patronymic refined at this day into 
 the more romantic name of the 
 Nickajack. Large quantities of salt- 
 petre are found here. 
 
 THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Mineral Springs abound in the 
 upper part of Alabama. The Blount 
 Springs, in Blount County, near the 
 BlackWarrior river,are muchresorted 
 to; and so also the Bladen Springs' 
 in Choctaw County, in the western 
 part of the State, near the line of 
 the Mobile and Ohio Railways. At 
 Tuscumbia a spring issues from a 
 fissure of thclimestone rock, discharg- 
 ing 20,000 cubic feet of water per 
 
 20 
 
minute. It forms a considerable 
 brook, which enters the Tennessee 
 2^4 miles below. There are valuable 
 sulphur springs in Shelby and 
 Talladega counties. Shelby Springs 
 are near Columbiana, on the Alabama 
 and Tennessee River Railway. 
 
 MOBILE, Ala. 
 
 On the west-side of Mobile river, 
 immediately above its entrance into 
 Mobile Bay, 30 miles frqm the Gulf 
 of Mexico. 
 
 Mobile was foimded by the French, 
 about the year 1700, and was ceded 
 by that nation to England in 176B. 
 In 1780 England surrendered it to 
 Spain, and on the 5th of April, 1813, 
 it was made over by the Spanish 
 government to the United States. 
 It was incorporated as a city in 
 December, 1819. 
 
 The city is pleasantly situated on 
 a broad plain, elevated 15 feet above 
 the highest tides, and has a beautiful 
 prospect of the bay, from which it 
 receives refreshing breezes. Ve.ssels 
 having a draft of more than 8 ft at 
 of water cannot come directly to the 
 city, but pass up Spanish River, six 
 miles round a marshy island, into 
 Mobile River, and then drop down 
 to the city. As a cotton mart, and 
 a place of export, Mobile ranks next 
 in importance to New Orleans and 
 Charleston. In 1896 the tonnage of 
 this port was upwards of 2o,000 
 tons. The city is supplied with ex- 
 cellent water, brought in iron pipes 
 for a distance of two miles, and 
 thence distributed through the city. 
 This port is defended by Fort 
 Morgan (formerly Fort Bower), situ- 
 ated on a long, low, sandy point, at 
 the mouth of the bay, opposite to 
 Dauphin Island. A light-house is built 
 on Mobile Point, the lantern of which 
 is 55 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 Population 31.076. 
 
 Mobile carries on an extensive 
 trade in cotton, exporting 230,000 
 bales a year, it also carries on a 
 large trade in lumber, coal and naval 
 stores, besides other profitable manu- 
 facturing interests. The broad and 
 quiet streets are shaded their entire 
 length by live oaks and magnolias 
 and the gardens are fragrant with 
 the perfume of the jessamine and 
 the orange. The city is well con- 
 nected by railway lines with the out- 
 side world and has also steamship 
 lines to New York and Liverpool. 
 
 I The principal buildings in Mobile 
 are the Custom House and Post 
 I Office, at the corner of Francis and 
 ' Royal Streets; the Court Hotise; 
 U- S. Marine Hospital; the City 
 Hospital; the Armoury; the Cotton 
 Exchange; the Barton Academy; 
 the Medical College and the Cathe- 
 dral. Governm.ent St. contains fine 
 residences. The Shell Road is a 
 famous harborside drive. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM, Ala. 
 The foremost city of Alabama, 
 with 26,178 inhabitants, in Jones 
 Valley, 6 miles from Red Mountain, 
 which contains millions of tons of 
 Lematic iron ore, close to inex- 
 haustible supplies of coal and lime- 
 stone. Founded in 1871, by the 
 Elyton Land Co., it has become "The 
 Magic City of the South", with the 
 largest rolling mills below Rich- 
 mond, manufacturing rail and bar 
 iron, plate and sheet iron, and fac- 
 tories for making ice, glass, stores, 
 bridges, chains, steel cars, and many 
 other articles. The convergence 
 here of six railways gives unusual 
 facilities for shipment. 25 furnaces 
 are now at work in and near this 
 city, giving cheap iron to the world. 
 It has now 11 public schools, 22 
 churches, a female college, and an 
 opera house. Terminus of the Kansas 
 City, Fort Scott and Memphis R. R. 
 
 21 
 
ALASKA. 
 
 Alaska is without doubt a territory 
 which claims the greatest interest in 
 the United States at present: It has 
 been discovered not only to have 
 matchless beauties of nature, and in 
 spite of a regardless spoil for more 
 than 150 years almost inexhaustible 
 store of furs, such an abundance of 
 eatable fishes as is hardly to be 
 found in any part of the world, 
 splendid primeval forests extending 
 to myriads of square miles, and last 
 not least immense fabulous gold- 
 treasures in its ground. 
 
 Alaska which has the nick-name 
 of "Uncle Sam's Icebox" derives its 
 proper name from the Indian word 
 Al — ay — ek — sa, that signifies '-The 
 great country" and the country is 
 mdeed a very large one as it con- 
 stitutes about i/a of the entire United 
 States and more than one hundred 
 part of the whole solid surface of 
 the earth. No human foot has 
 touched the greatest part of this 
 territory and the few white men that 
 did enter hitherto did not get much 
 farther than the coasts, the course 
 of the large rivers and the discovered 
 gold-fields; therefore the field is no 
 small one for those who wish to 
 explore the country, for hunters, 
 fishers, prospectors and enteirprising. 
 people. 
 
 TRAVELING ROUTES. 
 All the most important places of 
 south Alaska are sea ports, which 
 may be reached by regular steamers 
 adl the year round. For travelers 
 to Central Alaska there is no other 
 way than the all water route from 
 
 23 
 
 San Francisco or Seattle across the 
 Pacific Ocean to St. Michaels, from 
 thence with the river-steamers on 
 the Yukon to the place of destination. 
 In Oder to reach the ports of Seattle 
 or San Francisco the traveler makes 
 use of one of the Pacific Rafiroads. 
 
 The North American Transport & 
 Trading Company runs the steam- 
 ships Portland & Cleveland from 
 Seattle to St. Michaels from there 
 they ply the river boats P. B. Weare, 
 Cudahy, Hamilton, Power and Klon- 
 dike to Dawson City and all river 
 stations. The Alaska Commercial 
 Company of San Francisco, sends 
 the steamers Bertha & Excelsior to 
 St. Michaels and the river-boats 
 Alice, Arctic, Margaret, Bella and 
 Yukon from there to Dawson City 
 and the intermediate points. 
 
 The latter company also runs the 
 steamer Dora every month during 
 the summer from Sitka to Yakutat, 
 Cook Inlet, Kadiak and Dutch Harbor 
 (Unalaska) and vice versa. 
 
 The Pacific Coast Steamship Com- 
 pany's steamers run twice every 
 month in winter, and during summer 
 season weekly between San Fran- 
 cisco to Sitka and intermediate ports, 
 and also from Seattle to Wrangel, 
 Juneau, Skaguay, KUisnoo and Sitka. 
 The Over - Mountain - trails wiU be 
 found later on in the description of 
 the mines. 
 
 U. S. MAIL. 
 
 Until 1896 a regular Mail-service 
 was only between Seattle Wash, and 
 the Pacific coast harbours. In the 
 spring of 189G a post office was 
 
authorized at Circle City. The car- 
 rier for the first trip started from 
 Juneau June 11th and reached Circle 
 City July 14th carrying 1474 letters. 
 He returned by way of St. Michaels, 
 reaching Seattle August 19th Prob- 
 ably in no place on the globe is 
 such hardship and suffering endured 
 as oil the mail route from Dyea to 
 Circle City. 
 
 The Canadian government in the 
 summer of 1897 authorized a post- 
 office at Dawson City. The mail is 
 dispatched once a month, the carriers 
 get a salary of $ 3,000 per annum. 
 
 There is only one delivery of mail 
 every year for the inhabitants of 
 the interior of the country, except 
 for the residents of the settlements 
 on the Yukon in summer times, 
 reached by river-boats. 
 
 PROPOSED RAILROADS. 
 In 1897 several companies were 
 founded for the construction of rail- 
 roads over the Chilkoot and White 
 passes, and from Stilkeen River or 
 Taku Inlet to Lake Teslin and fort 
 Selkirk at the confluence of Pelly 
 and Lewis rivers. It will, however, 
 take some time to finish the rails as 
 climate, snowstorms and avalanches 
 are great impediments. 
 
 PROPOSED TELEGRAPH LINES. 
 The Alaska Telegraph and Tele- 
 phone Company was incorporated at 
 San Francisco wtth a stock of 
 $ 250,000 to construct wires between 
 Dawson City and Dyea, and branch 
 lines connecting Dyea with Juneau, 
 and Dawson City with Circle City. 
 The estimated length of these lines 
 is 10,000 miles. The plan of con- 
 struction will be after the style of 
 military systems used in war times, 
 the wire laid along the ground instead 
 of being stretched on poles. 
 
 AREA AND GEOGRAPHICAL 
 DIVISIONS. 
 
 The territory comprises an area 
 of about 577,390 sq. mles. with a 
 seacoast of 29,364 mles., or nearly 
 three and onehalf times the seacoast 
 of the balance of the United States. 
 It may be divided into six geograph- 
 ical sections: 
 
 1) The southeastern with the 
 capital Sitka, comprising the coast 
 Mt. St. Elias in the north to Port- 
 land Canal in the south and about 
 1100 large and small islands. It 
 is densely wooded and exceedingly 
 mountainous in its formation, the 
 coast is deeply indented with bays 
 and fjords, and for two-thirds of its 
 length is sheltered by the Alexander 
 Achipelago. 
 
 2) The Kadiak division with the 
 capital St. Paul on the Kadiak 
 Island, comprises the south coast 
 of the Alaska Peninstda with the 
 adjacent islands, the Kadiak group. 
 Cook Inlet, the Kenui Peinsma 
 and Prince William Sound. This 
 country is also very mountainous, 
 some peaks rising to the height of 
 12,000 feet. 
 
 3) The Aleutian division comprises 
 the western part of ihe Alaska 
 Peninsula and the Aleutian and 
 Pritiloff Islands. The Aleutians 
 appear to be a continuation of the 
 main Alascan range of mountain- 
 groups. Treeless country with many 
 volcanic peaks and grass growing 
 in abundance. 
 
 4) The Ktiskokwin division is 
 bounded on the north by the Yukon 
 Division and on the east by the 
 divide between the Kuskokwtn and 
 Tanana rivers. This country has 
 been very little explored, is very 
 poor in natural products, but has a 
 great deal of salmon in the rivers. 
 
 5) The Yukon divison comprises 
 the Ytikon valley, as far as it lies 
 within the boundaries of the United 
 States, with its tributaries. The 
 division is bounded by the Arctic 
 division on the north, the 141. meri- 
 dian of Greenwich on the east, and 
 Bering Sea on the west. The 
 principal settlement is Circle City, 
 situated near where the Arctic Circle 
 cuts the Yukon river. 
 
 6) The Arctic division comprises 
 that portion of the country between 
 the 141. meridian on the east and 
 Bering Street on the west, the Yukon 
 district on the south and the Arctic 
 Ocean on the north. This division, 
 situated almost entirely above the 
 Arctic Circle, is only known from 
 observations made on the seacoast. 
 The vast interior, consisting probably 
 
 24 
 
of frozen moors and low ranges of 
 hills, intersected here and there by 
 shallow streams, remains almost 
 imknown. The harbors are annually 
 visited by many ships engaged in 
 whaling and trading, and the mhab- 
 itants are better accustomed to white 
 men than the natives of any other 
 region of Alaska. 
 
 CLIMATE — THE MOSQUITOS. 
 
 The northern portion of the 
 country has an Ai-ctic Climate, where 
 Point Barrow, the most northerly 
 point in the United States, has a 
 mean summer temperature of 36,8 
 degrees. The climate of the interior, 
 including in that designation all of 
 the country except a narrow fringe 
 of coast margin and the southern 
 divisions, is one of extreme rigor 
 in winter, with a brief, but relatively 
 hot summer. The lowest tem- 
 peratures registered for the last 
 10 years were : — 32 in November, 
 
 — 47 in December, — 59 in Janiiary, 
 
 — 55 in February, — 45 in March, 
 
 — -26 in April. The mean tem- 
 perature ranges between — 60 and 
 
 — 70 degrees, according to elevation, 
 being highest in the middle and 
 lower Yukon valley. The changes of 
 temperature from winter to summer 
 are rapid, owing to the great increase 
 of the length of the day. In May 
 the sun rises at about 3 a. m., and 
 sets about 9 p. m. In June it rises 
 about 1,30 a. m. and sets about 
 10,30 p. m., giving about twenty 
 hours of daylight, and diffusing 
 twilight the remainder of the time. 
 
 In the Klondike region in mid- 
 winter, the sun rises from 9,30 to 
 10 a, m., and sets from 2 to 3 p. m. 
 the total length of daylight being 
 about four hom-s. Remembering 
 that the sun rises but a few degrees 
 above the horizon, and that it is 
 wholly obscured a great many 
 days, the character of the winter 
 months may easily be imagined. 
 
 The southern divisions have a 
 very mild climate due to the Japanese 
 Ocean current, which splits on the 
 eastern end of the Aleutian chain, 
 the smallest portion passing north to 
 Bering Strait and preventing the 
 
 flow of ice southward, and the other 
 portion sweeping south of the 
 Alexander Archvpelago , bringing a 
 warm, moist atmosphere, which is 
 responsible for the remarkable 
 rainfall. The rainfall of temperate 
 Alaska is notorious the world over, 
 not only as regards the quantity 
 that falls, but also as to the manner 
 of its falling, viz, in long and 
 incessant rains and drizzles. Clouds 
 and fog naturally abound, there 
 being on an average but 66 clear 
 days in the yecir. The temperature 
 rarely falls to zero; winter does not 
 set in until December 1, and by the 
 last of May the snow has disappeared 
 except on the mountains. The mean 
 winter temperature of Sitka is 32,50, 
 but little less than that of Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 As a natural result of these 
 climatic conditions, the warm weather 
 brings swarms of mosquitos. There 
 is a feature in this country which, 
 though insignificant on the paper, 
 is to the traveler the most terrible 
 and poignant infliction he can be 
 called upon to bear tn a new land. 
 That is the clouds of bloodthirsty 
 mosquitos, accompanied by a vindic- 
 tive ally in the shape of a small 
 poisonous black fly, imder the stress 
 of whose persecution the strongest 
 man with the firmest wUl must either 
 feel depressed or succumb to low 
 fever. They hold their carnival of 
 human torment from the first growing 
 of spring vegetation in May, until 
 withered by Srost late in September. 
 Breeding here as they do in the vast 
 network of slough and swamp, _ they 
 are able to rally around and infest 
 the wake and progress of the 
 traveler beyond all adequate descrip- 
 tion and language is simply unable 
 to portray the misery and annoyance 
 accompanying their presence. The 
 traveler that exposes his naked eyes 
 or face here, loses his natural appear- 
 ance; his eyelids swell and close, 
 and his face becomes one mass of 
 lumps and fiery pimples. Mosquitos 
 torture the Indian dogs to death, 
 especially if one of these animals, 
 by mange or otherwise, loses an 
 inconsiderable portion of its thick 
 hairy covering, and even drive the 
 bear and the deer into the water. 
 
 25 
 
LAKES AND MOUNTAINS. 
 There are lakes in all parts of the 
 country. The best known are: the 
 small Lake Lindemann north of the 
 Chilkoot Pass, so called after the 
 secretary of the Bremen geographical 
 society, who sent an investigating 
 expedition hither" in 1880, Lake 
 Bennett, named after the proprietor 
 of the New York Herald, lying north 
 east of it on British territory; 
 likewise Lake Lebarge and Lake 
 Teslin, one of the most important 
 headwaters of the Yukon. The whole 
 country is full of hills and for the 
 most pari low mountains, which form 
 the divide of many rivers that flow 
 through the same. A large alpine 
 chain is only to be found in the 
 south along the coast where a 
 mighty range extends throughout the 
 whole country, beginning on the 
 borders of British Columbia and 
 continuing to the peninsula of Alaska. 
 West of Cross Sound, the coast 
 mountain range attains an elevation 
 of 14,000 to 18,000 feet, covered far 
 down with perpetual snow, the 
 highest peaks; Mt. St. Elias, Fair- 
 weather and Crillon, looming up in 
 silent grandeur above them, visible 
 in clear weather a distance of 150 
 miles at sea. The first to ascend 
 Mt. Elias in the summer of 1897 
 was the Duke of the Abruzzo's cm 
 Italian prince, who had fitted out a 
 large expedition for this purpose. 
 From Lituaya or Port des francais 
 westward, the immediate seacoast is 
 comparatively low, wooded gioimd, 
 but closely backed by icy declivities 
 that come down from the high 
 mountain ranges and at head of 
 Jackson Bay reach the coast land. 
 On the east of the Copper river a 
 large branch of the Alps with some 
 very high mountains rims to the 
 north, gradually sloping in the 
 Tanana Hills to the Yukon. West 
 of the Copper river, the foot of the 
 Chugatsch alps is bathed by the sea 
 without any intervening low-land, 
 jvith only two or three exceptions 
 and these have been utilized for the 
 location of settlements. The moun- 
 tains on the northern side of Prince 
 William Sozind reach a height of 
 10,000 to 12,000 feet, all densely 
 wooded up to about a height of 
 
 1000 ft, and covered with eternal 
 snow from their summit to within 
 3000—4000 ft. up the sea-level. 
 
 The islands have many volcanoes, 
 but none have been found out with 
 a surety in the interior of the coun- 
 try. Especially the Aleuto have a 
 great many, the Shishal in Volk on 
 the Unimak Islands has a height of 
 8952 feet. The '>est known is 
 the Mt. Edgectnnb . on Baranoff 
 Is. and near Sitka, it is only 2600 ft. 
 high but a splendid sight as seen 
 from the sea. It is also said that 
 on Douglas Island, opposite. Juneau, 
 there is a volcano in activity. 
 
 RIVER SYSTEM. 
 
 One of the characteristics of Alaska 
 is the network of rivers, that covers 
 its smface, and that serves as the 
 most available means of transport- 
 ation. In the Sitkan district land 
 travel is simply impracticable, every- 
 body travels by water. In the more 
 northern regions, the country out- 
 side of the mountains is a great ex- 
 panse of bog, lakes-large and small- 
 with thousands of channels between 
 them. 
 
 Beginning on the south, the first 
 river of large size is the 5 ikine, 
 over 250 mis. in length, but only 
 navigable by boats, except during 
 the spring freshets. It lies only 30 
 mis. m an air line from its mouth 
 in Alaskan territory. 
 
 The Chilkat River enters the 
 northern extremity of Ejain channel. 
 
 The mouth of the Copper river 
 lies in lat. 60 " 17 ' and long 145 • 
 20'. The delta is 30 mis. long by 
 4 or 5 wide. This river drains ap- 
 proximately 25,000 sq. mis., Lieuten- 
 ant Allen followed it in 1885 some 
 889 mis. 
 
 The Suskitna River empties into 
 Cook Inlet. Fort Alexander is 
 at the mouth of the Nushagak, said 
 to be 150 mis. in length. 
 
 The Kuskokwin is the second 
 largest river in Alaska. Its estuary 
 is capacious, the tides have a sur- 
 prising velocity and an enormous 
 rise and fall. 
 
 The Yukon River is formed by 
 the junction of the Lewis and Pelly 
 rivers, which lie like the Upper 
 Yukon on British territory, From 
 
 26 
 
 \ 
 
the abandoned Fort Selkirk to Dam- 
 son City it is named the Upper 
 Yttkon, into which two tributaries 
 empty, the White and the Stewart 
 rivers; from Dawson to the mouth 
 of the Tan ana, it is named Middle 
 Yukon; from there to Ihe Ocean, 
 ihe Lower Yukon. Between Dawson 
 and Weare Forty Mile Creek, Birch 
 and Beaver Creek '^om. the river On 
 the south. The principal northern 
 tributaries of the Middle Yukon are 
 the Klondike and the Porcupine. 
 The Xanana empties into the Yukon 
 in the south, about 30 miles below 
 the Ramparts and near Weare and 
 the great trading ground called 
 Nuklukaist, where the Indians are 
 accustomed to congregate in the 
 spring to meet the white traders. 
 This river drjiins about 45,000 sq. 
 mis. The Lower Yukon has only a 
 few tributaries of importance, but 
 many small streams. The Koytiktik 
 or Koyakuk is that tributary of 
 which Lieutenant Allen says, it drains 
 55,000 sq. miles. About 130 mis. 
 below Nulato, the Yukon separates 
 iato two branches, joining again about 
 60 mis. below the point of separation. 
 A little below Andreievsky or An- 
 dre af sky, the Yukon bends abruptly 
 to the north and runs in a north- 
 westerly direction to the sea. The 
 3 principal outlets of the great river, 
 that discharges every hour one-third 
 more water /than tbe "Father of 
 Waters", are the Aphoon or Upper, 
 the Kwikpak or middle, and the 
 Kusilvak or lower mouth. The 
 Aphoon mouth is only 40 miles in 
 length' and has an average width of 
 perhaps one-third of a mUe. 
 
 We need not mention the rivers, 
 which north of the Yukon empty 
 into Kotsebue Sound or the 
 Arctic Sea, because not available for 
 navigation. 
 
 PRIMEVAL FORESTS. 
 As the greatest part of the coimtry 
 has never been trodden . by a white 
 man's foot, no one can tell how 
 much of the interior is filled up 
 with moras t and moss, with rivers 
 and lakes, or is covered with forests, 
 but it is quite sure that there are 
 a great many with splendid timber 
 especially . on the islands in the 
 
 south of the mountain declivities 
 near the coast. 
 
 The trees are mostly evergreen, 
 the spruce family preponderating to 
 an overwhelming extent. With 
 reference to quality, the trees may 
 be divided as follows: 
 
 1. Sitka spruce (Abies Sitkensis) 
 the universal forest tree of Alaska, 
 of often gigantic size in the south. 
 
 2. Helmlock (Abies Mertensiana). 
 This tree generally exceeds the 
 spruce in size, is much less valuable 
 as timber, but well adapted for fuel. 
 
 .3. Balsam fir (Abies Canadiensis) 
 Under the bark of this tree there is 
 a resin similar to the Canadian 
 Balsam. It has a very pleasant smell 
 and causes the woods to have a most 
 Delicions odor. 
 
 4. Yellow cedars (Cupressus Nut- 
 kanensis) this tree is one of the 
 most valuable woods on the Pacific 
 coast, combining a fine close texture, 
 with great hardness, durability and 
 a peculiar, but pleasant odor. The 
 Russians named it "Dushnik" (scent- 
 ed wood) on account of the last 
 named quality. 
 
 Red and yellow cedars are only to 
 be found in the south and not so 
 frequently as the last named. 
 
 5. Scrub Pine (Pinus contorta) 
 found throughout the interior of 
 Alaska in small, scattered bodies up 
 to the highest latitudes, but of no 
 value as timber. 
 
 6. Besides these coniferous trees 
 there are very few leaved woods to 
 be found with the exception of 
 Oregon alder, birch and willow. 
 
 A great deal of Driftwood is washed 
 upon the shores of Bering Sea and 
 the Arctic, the first coming for the 
 greatest part from the Yukon. This 
 wood is only good for fuel. 
 GLACIERS. . 
 
 There are about 5000 glaciers in 
 Alaska, some amongst them are so 
 gigantic that they cover^ hundi-eds 
 of square mUes with an ice-area of 
 several miles in diameter. Nothing 
 wiU interest the traveler more than 
 the glaciers. On the way to the 
 north up to Juneau several are to 
 be seen glittering in all colors. 
 Regarding splendor, these glaciers 
 are incomparable and most of them 
 surpass the mightiest glaciers of 
 27 - 2* 
 
Switzerland in largeness. The most 
 renowTied is the Muir Glacier in 
 Glacier Bay, discovered in 1879 by 
 Prof. John Muir of California. It 
 has a breadth of 1V«— 2 miles and 
 extends from its source for more 
 than 50 miles into the land with its 
 tributaries, it covers a space of, at 
 least, 300 square miles. This glacier, 
 like all others, sends forth at short 
 intervals and sometimes with thun- 
 dering noise icebergs, small ice- 
 blocks anp flat ice-plains into the 
 ocean which surroimd the approach- 
 ing ship with a "sea of ice", the 
 most magnificent sight you can 
 imagine. 
 
 Whilst the icebergs often project 
 from 60 — 80 ft. above the water, they 
 move more than 3 or 4 times as 
 much tmderneath the same and one 
 must be verv cai^eful not to collide 
 with them. iThe Kuro Schiwo warms 
 the water and the ice dissolves, but 
 it often takes weeks until such an 
 ice-giant is consumed by the waters. 
 These glaciers are remnants of the 
 ice penod. an epoch in the world's 
 history during which a large part of 
 Europe and North America were 
 covered with ice. It is assumed that 
 the ice-period came to an end about 
 10,000 years ago, therefore these ice 
 masses have a very respectable age. 
 
 THE SILENT CITY, Al. 
 Near the Glacier Bay and Mt. 
 Elias a most interesting fata morgana, 
 resembling an oriental town with 
 many cupolas, has often been seen 
 and described. As this remarkable 
 apparition is of a different nature 
 each time, it must be assumed, that 
 it is not the picture of a town, 
 which could not be found either 
 near or far but of ice-masses in the 
 sea, reflected by the air. 
 
 MORE THINGS WORTH SEEING. 
 The scenery between Puget Sound 
 and the waters of Alaska are the 
 most magnificent in the country. 
 The traveler enjoys a splendid sight 
 throughout the way as he passes a 
 labyrinth of islands and channels. 
 Sometimes he sails through narrow 
 and serpentine passages, which can 
 only be navigated at slack and high 
 tide on account of the terrific current 
 
 which rushes through at other stages 
 of the tide. Sometimes he passes 
 through channels, hundreds of miles 
 in length, as strait as an arrow and 
 of unfathomable depths, banked on 
 either sides by perpendicular and 
 gigantic mountains, whose untrod 
 summits are clothed in clouds and ice. 
 The waters are always enlivened 
 with many whales, dolphms, porpoises 
 and all kind of fish, whilst eagles, 
 gulls and ducks move round above 
 the waters in bands or rest on the 
 small rocks. It is very interesting 
 to see the Indian squaws, on the 
 arrival of the steamer (by the way, 
 the arrival of the steamer is the 
 great event of the month) sitting 
 aiound the sills of the wharf, draped 
 in their best raiment, and many of 
 them with a portion of their face 
 blackened, which added to their 
 natural ugliness makes them look 
 like the very old Nick himself. The 
 more stormy the weather, the less 
 clothing these Indians wear as a 
 rule, for the outside clothing is 
 evidently made more for ornament 
 than use. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 Czar Peter the Great issued a 
 ukase, whereby ships should be built 
 in Kamchatka and therewith the 
 easternbordersofhis empire explored. 
 The commander of this expedition, 
 Capt. Vitus Bering, who was born 
 in Denmark discovered the isle of 
 St. Lawrence in the Bering Sea on 
 his first voyage in 1725, and the 
 mainland on his second voyage in 
 1741. The great richness of sea- 
 otter, fur-seals, walrus and other 
 valuable animals, living in the sea 
 caused the fur hunters and fishers 
 to come here, the Russians settled 
 here and the Russian American 
 Company was the result. The 
 Russian Governor Baranoff was the 
 founder of New Archangel, (now 
 called Sitka), the capital, in 1804. 
 The Company not being well man- 
 aged, met with very little success and 
 committed the execution of their 
 charter to the Hudson's Bay Company. 
 The latter sued, for a renewal of the 
 charter of the Russ. Americ. Comp. 
 which expired in the summer of 
 1857 to last for 25 years and which 
 
 28 
 
up to now they only had by lease. 
 American merchants had meanwhile 
 become aware of the considerable 
 resources of the country and urged 
 the federal government to purchase 
 the coimtry in the same way as it 
 did, Louisiana, Florida, California, 
 New Mexico and Utah, by giving a 
 sum of money. As the Russians 
 needed money they resigned their 
 sovereignty in 1867 for $ 7,000,000 
 whilst $700,000 more were payed 
 for the Russian American and other 
 companieswho had made investments. 
 Since that time Alaska is American 
 territory and the district of St. 
 Michaels has latterly become a mil- 
 itary reservation. The development 
 of the country was a very slow one 
 in the beginmng, but when the gold- 
 fields were discovered and the 
 flourishing fish-trade began, a great 
 mining center sprung up and thou- 
 sands of prospectors came ruto the 
 country. Very soon goldmines were 
 not only found in the south, but 
 also in the Yukoii district to which 
 most of the new comers turned. 
 In 1897 thfe miniag camps Skagtiay 
 and Dyea arose at the ports of the 
 Lynn Channel, whilst ia the Klondike 
 region Dawson City was founded 
 with several thousand inhabitants. 
 In consequence of the discoveries of 
 many new mines worth at least 
 $100,000,000 a very great immigra- 
 tion expected from every part of the 
 world, it will of course mostly turn 
 to the British Northwest territory 
 which incloses the whole of the 
 IGondike region. 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 The laws of the United States are 
 only partly introduced here, proper 
 legislation is still wanting. The 
 highest authority is in the hands of 
 the Governor of Sitka and the 
 military commander in St. Michaels, 
 but the administration is not yet 
 perfected. There is only one court 
 of _ justice. U. S. commissioners 
 reside in Sitka, Juneati, Wran^el, 
 Kardick and Umabaska, besides 
 there are customhouse officers in 
 the ports, and a chamber of com- 
 merce which has ijo authoritative 
 character, constituted by a free 
 election of merchants, in Jimeau. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The white population has increased 
 during the past year, and will in- 
 crease stUl more rapidly. It would 
 bfe approximately correct to estimate 
 the natives, Mongolians and mixed 
 blood at 30,000 and the white at 
 10,000. 
 
 INDIAN TRIBES. 
 
 The natives of Alaska are divided 
 into four principal families. 
 
 1. The Eskimos, numbering about 
 15,000, occupy almost the whole 
 coast line west of the 141. meridian, 
 the shores of Bering Sea, the Kus- 
 kokwin division and partially the 
 Kadiak division. 
 
 2. The Tlinkits or Koluschau, 
 numbering about 5,000 souls, inhabit 
 the southeastern section and the 
 Kadiak Island. 
 
 3. The Athapascau include a large 
 number of tribes, generally classed 
 as "North American Indians", ex- 
 tending from the mouth of the 
 Mackenzie river in the north, to the 
 borders of Mexico ia the south. The 
 northern tribe ascend to the west 
 nearly to Bering Sea, only touching 
 the coast in the northern part of 
 Cook Inlet. In Alaska there are 
 about 4,000 Athapascau. 
 
 4. The Aleuts, numbering about 
 2,000 souls, inhabit some parts of 
 the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleut- 
 ian Chain. They talk Russian and 
 shade off into Russian blood, feat- 
 ures and complexion. 
 
 There are also other small tribes 
 as the Tsimpseams and Hydas. They 
 only live in southeastern Alaska and 
 are very much like the Tlinkits in 
 character and habits though theu" 
 languages are different. Mongolians 
 and mixed blood are only in the 
 southern parts of the country. Their 
 number is about 4,000. 
 
 TOTEM POLES. 
 The Tlinkits and Hydas make use 
 of totem poles as emblems. It is 
 very interesting to see them. They 
 are made by cutting down a good, 
 straight cedar tree, dressing it down 
 to the desired size, and then carving 
 it in a very rude way, with figures 
 of birds, Indian warriors and other 
 fantastic shapes, which very much 
 
 29 
 
resemble Chinese carving. After 
 these poles receive a sufficient 
 amount of labor and skill, they are 
 raised and planted on an end before 
 the owner's hut. Great value is 
 attached to some of them, a couple 
 of thousand dollars being considered 
 a very reasonable price for the 
 largest £ind choicest. 
 
 MINES. 
 
 Gold, silver, copper, lead, coal and 
 
 iron are found in Alaska. Since the 
 
 territory was discovered, the Indians 
 
 have shown much native copper. 
 
 Large beds of iron and coal are 
 
 known to exist in many parts of 
 
 Alaska, but they are not yet worked. 
 
 Gold was first discovered in 1872 
 
 near Sitka. Since then large mining 
 
 districts have been organized in the 
 
 vicinity of Juneau, on Douglas 
 
 Island, on Portage Bay, on Berner's 
 
 Alaska Treadwell Gold 
 
 „ Mexican „ 
 
 „ Commercial „ 
 
 Nowell 
 
 Berner's Bay „ 
 
 Bald Eeagle „ 
 
 Juneau „ 
 
 Ebner „ 
 
 Jualin „ 
 
 Alaska Willoughby „ 
 
 The Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining 
 Co. has a vein of 400 feet in width, 
 carrying free gold and auriferous 
 pyrites. The ore is of such low 
 grade that were it not for the 
 peculiar situation of the mine, which 
 reduces cost to a minimum (only 
 $1, — per ton,) it could hardlj be 
 worked at a profit. The quantity of 
 ore existing here appears inexhaus- 
 tible, and this year the number of 
 stamps from 240 will be augmented 
 to 540 Miners who get $2—2,50 per 
 diem with board and lodging, Indians 
 $2, — without board. 
 
 There will be a very large devel- 
 opment in gold mines, 380 new 
 mining claims having been recorded 
 at Juneau last year. Sheep Creek, 
 near Juneau, is the only place where 
 silver is produced. Rich silver ore 
 has been found north of Golovnin 
 Bay, and attempts have been made 
 
 Bay, on Kadiak Island, in the Yukon 
 valley and many other places. The 
 first discoveries in the Yukon 
 district were made in 1881 on 
 Stewart, Tanana and Lewis rivers. 
 In the following yesirs gold was 
 found on Forty Mile Creek and its 
 tributaries. Birch Creek, with its 
 various branches was discovered in 
 1893 and Circle City founded. 
 
 The production of gold is estimated 
 for the year 
 1881 as $ 15,000 gold. 
 
 1893 as $ 1,100,000 gold and $15,000 
 
 silver. 
 
 1894 as $ 2,000,000 gold. 
 
 1895 as $ 3,000,000 gold. 
 
 1896 as $ 4,670,000 gold and $45,798 
 
 silver. 
 
 1897 as $ 7—8,000,000 gold. 
 
 There are now ten large quarter 
 mines and mills in activity. Their 
 products the last year were as 
 follows: 
 Mining Comp. $800,000 
 
 $ 450,000 
 
 $ 500,000 
 
 $160,000 
 
 $ 125,000 
 
 $ 200,000 
 
 $ 35,000 
 
 $ 35,000 
 
 $ 20,000 
 
 $ 15,000 
 
 $ 2,340,000 
 to ship the ore, but they proved 
 sadly disastrous. A number of loca- 
 tions of copper mines have recently 
 been made upon Prince William 
 Sound. 
 
 Marble is found in many localities, 
 but heretofore little attention has 
 been given to it. The Russians at 
 S tka used to make excellent lime 
 from marble obtained in the vicinity 
 of the town. 
 
 Coal oil i% floating upon the waters 
 around Prince William Sound. 
 Parties have now taken this matter 
 in hand, and it wUl doubtless be 
 well inquired into during this year. 
 
 THE KLONDIKE. 
 The discovery of gold upon this 
 branch of the Yukon, made in 
 August 1896 by Geors^Carmach, 
 sthred up the world. The Klondike 
 is one of the tributaries of the Yukon 
 
 30 
 
in British territory. The meaning 
 of the name is "Deer river". The 
 diggings situated on the creeks, 
 emptying in the Klondike, are as 
 follows: Bonanza, Eldorado, Slucum, 
 Bear's, Creek, Hunker, Gold Bottom, 
 Dominion etc. Mr. Henry Bratnober, 
 who is associated with the Roth- 
 schild's as one of their leading 
 experts, has a very high opinion of 
 the richness of the country and 
 sums up his judgment in the 
 following words : 
 
 „I have no doubt. but that other 
 paying gulches will be discovered 
 this winter, and for a good many 
 winters to come. I traveled over 
 land 800 miles from salt water to 
 the Yukon river, and there is gold 
 to be found over the entire distance. 
 This indicates, that there is a large 
 goldbearing country not only in the 
 Northwest Territory, but in Alaska 
 as well. So no one need be in a 
 great rush, for fear that they will 
 get left. There is enough country 
 to last for years to meet the desire 
 of all who wish to go there and 
 prospect." 
 
 The great problem of the Klondike 
 and the whole Yukon district is, 
 how to get supplies there and sell 
 them at profits not akin to robbery, 
 and how to distribute them to any 
 river, creek, or gulch, where men 
 are at work. Capital put into 
 enterprise with such ends in view 
 will be richly rewarded. 
 
 PROSPECTING IN THE KLON- 
 DllOi. 
 
 Mining methods of IQondike are 
 strange and adapted to peculiar con- 
 ditions. There pay gravel happens 
 to lie several feet below musky beds 
 of cteeks and must be mined out. 
 As running water prevents the min- 
 ing out of gravel imder creek beds, 
 and so it is all taken out during the 
 mohths when everything is frozen 
 solid. When the icy chains break 
 in the short summer the gravel that 
 has been mined, is quickly sluiced 
 and the gold cleaned up. Prospect- 
 ing consists of sinking a shaft to 
 bedrock by alternately thawing the 
 ground with fires and digging it out. 
 When the bottom is reached the 
 
 31 
 
 prospector knows more than he did 
 before. If a pan bottom gravel, 
 washed out with water from melted 
 ice, shows up rich, the claim is 
 worked by txmneling in. In doing 
 this, dry wood is piled against the 
 face of the drift and then other 
 pieces are set slantwise over them. 
 As the fire burns, the gravel falls 
 down and gradually covers the slant- 
 ing shield of wood. The fire smold- 
 ers away and becomes charcoal 
 burning. It is when it reaches this 
 confined stage during the night that 
 its heat is most effective against the 
 face of the drift. Next day the 
 miner finds the face of his drift 
 thawed out for a distance from ten 
 to eighteen inches, according to 
 conditions. He shovels out dirt, and 
 if only part is pay du't, he puts only 
 that on his dump. Thus at the rate 
 of a few inches a day, drifting out 
 of precious gravel goes on. 
 
 OVER THE MOUNTAIN TRAILS. 
 
 There are many Indian trails over 
 the mountains to the Upper Yukon, 
 but they are only fit for Indians and 
 old miners, but not at all for tour- 
 ists or people not very well drilled 
 in Alpine routes. The oldest and 
 best is from Fort Wrangell up the 
 Stilkeeit river via Telegraph Creek 
 and the plateau to Lake Teslin, the 
 actual Canadian mail carrier route 
 to the Yukon. 
 
 There are also three ways from 
 Lynn channel to the Upper Yukon, 
 well known as the Chilkooi, the 
 White Pass and the Chilkat Pass 
 being much shorter and consequently 
 rnore in use, than the Stilkeene 
 river route. 
 
 The Chilkoot is the shortest of all 
 the passes, but also the highest, ris- 
 ing 3,500 feet above the sea level. 
 It starts at the mouth of the Dyea 
 river and follows that river for 
 some eight miles, where it enters 
 the canyon. The Sheep Camp is at 
 timber line, and from there the scene 
 is one of extreme desolation, occup- 
 ied only by glaciers and mountain 
 sheep. From the summit to Lake 
 Linaemann are 9 miles, 16 to Lake 
 Benttett, 42 to Cariboo Crossing, 
 110 to the foot of the Canyon, 170 
 
to the foot of Lake Lebarge, 330 
 to five Finger Rapids and 564 to 
 the Klondike. 
 
 The White Pass route begins at 
 Skaguay and follows the Skaguay 
 ri-'-er up to Edgetnount and then 
 turns up to the moimtains. It was 
 reported to be the best pass, but 
 only a few hundred goldseekers 
 were able to overcome the hardships 
 of that very difficult route. 
 
 The Chilkat or Dalton trail is the 
 most westerly and longest route. It 
 avoids the lakes, canyons, rapids etc. 
 by keeping to the left, and conies 
 out far down on the river. It is 
 over this trail that they drive horses 
 and cattle. 
 
 METHODS OF PLACER MINING. 
 
 There are three methods of placer 
 mining; "the pan" or "hand" method, 
 the "rocker" work and the "sluicing". 
 Mr. William Ogilvie, a Canadian 
 government surveyor and important 
 expert in mining matters, gives the 
 following description of the process 
 of placer mining: 
 
 "After cleanmg all the coarse 
 gravel and stones of a patch of 
 ground, the miner lifts a little of the 
 Srmer gravel or sand in his pan, 
 which is a broad shallow dish, made 
 of strong sheet-iron, he then puts in 
 water enough to fill the pan and 
 gives it a few rapid whirls and 
 shakes; this tends to bring the gold 
 to the bottom on account of its 
 greater specific gravity. The dish 
 IS then shaken and held in such a 
 way that the gravel and sand are 
 gradually washed out, care being 
 taken to avoid letting out the finer 
 and heavier parts that have settled 
 to the bottoms. Finally all that 
 is left in the pan is whatever gold 
 may have been in the dish, and some 
 black sand, which almost always 
 accompanies it. This black sand is 
 nothing but pulverised magnetic 
 iron ore. 
 
 "Should the gold thus found be 
 fine, the contents of the pan are 
 thrown into a barrel containing 
 water and a pound or two of mer- 
 ciury. As soon as the gold comes 
 in contact with the mercury, it com- 
 bines and forms an amalgam. This 
 process is continued until enough 
 
 32 
 
 amalgam has been formed to pajr 
 for "roasting" or "firing". It is then 
 squeezed through a buckskin bag, 
 all the mercmy that comes through 
 the bay being put back into the 
 barrel to serve again, and what 
 remains in the bag is placed in a 
 retort, if the miner has one, if not, 
 on a shovel, and heated imtil nearly 
 all the mercury is vaporized. The 
 gold then remains in a lump with 
 some mercury still held in combina- 
 tion with it. 
 
 This is called the "pan" or "hand" 
 method, and is never, on account of 
 its slowness and laboriousness, conti- 
 nued for any length of time, when 
 it is possible to procure a "rocker", 
 or to make and work sluices. 
 
 A rocker is simply a box about 
 three feet long and two wide, made 
 in two parts, the top part being 
 shallow, with a heavy sheet -iron 
 bottom, which is punched full of 
 quarter inch holes. The other 
 part of the box is fitted with an 
 inclined shelf about midway in its 
 depth, which is six or eight inches 
 lower at its end than at its upper. 
 Over this is placed a piece of heavj' 
 woolen blanket. The whole is then 
 mounted on two rockers, much 
 resembling those of an ordinary 
 cradle, and when in use they are 
 placed on two blocks of wood, so 
 that the whole may be rocked 
 readily. After the miner has selected 
 his claim, he looks for the most 
 convenient place to set his "rocker", 
 which must be near a good supply 
 of water. Then he proceeds to 
 clear away all the stones and coarse 
 gravel, gathering the finer gravel 
 and sand near the rocker. The 
 shallow box on top is filled with 
 this, and with one hand the miner 
 rocks it while with the other he 
 ladles in water. 
 
 The fine matter, with the gold, 
 falls through the holes on to the 
 blankets, which checks its progress 
 and holds the fine particles of gold, 
 while the sand and other matter 
 pass over it to the bottom of the 
 box, which is sloped so that what 
 comes through is washed downward 
 and finally out of the box. Across 
 the bottom of the box are fixed 
 thin slats, behind which, some mer- 
 
cury is placed to catch any particles 
 of gold which may escape the 
 blanket. 
 
 If the gold is nuggety, the large 
 nuggets are found in the upper box, 
 their weight detaining them until 
 all the lighter stuff has passed 
 through, and the smaller ones are 
 held by a deeper slat at the out- 
 ward end of the bottom of the box. 
 The piece of blanket is at intervals 
 taken out and rinsed into a barrel; 
 if the gold is fine, mercury is placed 
 at the bottom of the barrel, as al- 
 ready mentioned. 
 
 Sluicing is always employed when 
 possible. It requires a good supply 
 of water, with sufficient head or fall. 
 The process is as follows: Planks 
 are procured and formed into a box 
 of suitable width and depth. Slats 
 are fixed across the bottom of the 
 box at suitable intervals, or shallow 
 holes bored iu the bottom in such 
 order that no particle could run 
 along the bottom in a straight line 
 and escape running over a hole. 
 Several of these boxes are then set 
 up with a considerable slope, and 
 are fitted into one anothers at the 
 ends like a stovepipe. A stream 
 of water is now directed into the 
 upper box and is washed down by 
 the strong current of water. The 
 gold is detaiaed by its weight and 
 IS held by the slats or in the holes 
 mentioned, if it is fine, mercury is 
 behind the slats or in these holes 
 to catch it. 
 
 In this way about three times as 
 much dirt can be washed as by the 
 rocker, and consequently three times 
 as much gold can be secured in a 
 given time. 
 
 A great many of the miners spend 
 their time in the summer "prospect- 
 ing" and in the winter resort to 
 what is called "burning". They 
 make fires on the surface, thus thaw- 
 ing the ground until the bedrock is 
 reached. The pay dirt is brought to 
 the surface and heaped in a pile 
 until spring, when water can be 
 obtained. The sluice boxes are then 
 set up aud the dirt is washed out, 
 thus enabling the miner to work 
 advantageously and profitably all 
 the year roimd. This method has 
 been found very statisfactory in 
 
 places where the pay streak is t? 
 any great depth from the surface. 
 In this way the complaint is over- 
 come which has been so commonly 
 advanced by miners and others, that 
 in the Yukon several months of the 
 year are lost in "idleness". 
 
 MINING LAWS. 
 
 The term "placer claim" is defined 
 by the Supreme Court ot the United 
 States as follows: 
 
 "Ground within defined boundaries 
 which contains mineral in this earth, 
 sand or gravel ; ground that includes 
 valuable deposits not in place, that 
 is, not fixed in rock, but which are 
 in a loose state, and may in most 
 cases be collected by washing or 
 Eimalgation without milling." The 
 manner of locating claims upon veins 
 or lodes. 
 
 In locating a vein or lode claim, 
 the United States statutes provide 
 that no claim shall extend more than 
 300 feet on each side |of the middle 
 of the vein of the surface, and that 
 no claim shall be limited by mining 
 regulations to less than 25 feet on 
 each side of the middle of the vein 
 of the surface. In locating claims 
 called "placers" however, the law 
 provides that no location of such 
 claim upon surveyed lands shall 
 include more than twenty acres for 
 eaeh individual claimant. The Supreme 
 Court, however, has held that one 
 individual can hold as many locations 
 as he can purchase and rely upon 
 his possessory title; that a separate 
 patent for each location is unnecessary. 
 
 Locators have to sh ow proof of 
 citizenship or intention to become 
 citizens. The locator is entitled to a 
 patent upon the payment to the 
 register of mining office of $ 5 per 
 acre in the case of a lode claim, and 
 $ 2,50 per acre for a placer claim. 
 The same general rules for acquiring 
 a title to a claim apply to the United 
 States and Canada. The govern- 
 ments make no charge for the land, 
 but the holder is required to do at 
 least $ 100 worth of work of his 
 placer claim or $ 500 worth of work 
 of his lode claim every year for five 
 years to get an absolute title to it. 
 
 He has the privilege of doing the 
 entire $ 500 worth of work at once 
 
 33 
 
if he chooses to do so, and on proof 
 of it may get his patent. The 
 Canadian government exacts $ 5 
 a year from prospectors as a 
 license fee. 
 
 In Alaska and in the Klondike 
 region the first miners in a district 
 hold a meeting and fix the size of 
 the claims, and also agree as to how 
 much work shall constitute an 
 assessment. The miners also elect 
 a register and his fee for recording 
 or transferring is the only one 
 incumbent upon the owner of a 
 claim. 
 
 WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY 
 ABOUT THE COUNTRY. 
 
 Dr. William H. Dull, one of the 
 curators of the National Museum at 
 Washington D. C, a man, who is 
 very familiar with the country, having 
 been on several geological expeditions 
 to Alaska, says that in his opinion 
 the reports from there are not exag- 
 gerated. He said: 
 
 "The gold bearing belt of north- 
 western America contains all the 
 gold fields extending into British 
 olumbia, that are known as the 
 Northwestern, Territory and Alaska. 
 The Yukon really runs along in that 
 belt 500 or 600 miles. The bed of 
 the main river is in the lowlands of 
 the valley. 
 
 "The yellow metal is not fotmd 
 in paying quantities in the main 
 river, but m the small streams 
 which cut through the mountains on 
 either side. These practically wash 
 up the gold. The mud and mineral 
 matter is carried into the main river, 
 while the gold is left on the rough 
 bottom of these side streams. In 
 most cases the gold lies at the 
 bottons of thick gravel deposits. The 
 gold is covered by frozen gravel 
 m the winter. Durmg the summer, 
 imtil the snow is aU melted, the 
 surface is covered by muddy torrents. 
 When the snow is all melted and 
 the springs begin to freeze, the 
 streams dry up. At the approach 
 of winter, in order to get at the 
 gold, the miners find it necessary 
 to dig into the gravel formation. 
 Formerly they stripped the gravel 
 off until they came to the gold. Now 
 they sink a shaft to the bottom of 
 
 the gravel and tunnel along, in the 
 gold-bearing layer. 
 
 "The way in which this is done 
 is interesting, as is has to be carried 
 on in _ cold Weather, when every 
 thing is frozen. The miners build 
 fires over the area of which they 
 wish to work and keep them lighted 
 over that territory for the space of 
 about 24 hours. Then, at the end 
 of the expiration of this period, the 
 gravel will be melted and softened 
 to a depth of perhaps six inches. 
 This is than taken off and other 
 fires built, imtil the gold-bearing 
 layer is reached. When the shaft is 
 down so far/ fires are built at the 
 bottom, against the side of the layer, 
 aud tunnels made in this manner. 
 Blasting would do no good, on 
 account of the hard nature of the 
 material, and would blow out just 
 as out of a gun. The matter taken 
 out containing the gold is piled up 
 until spring, when the torrents come 
 down and is panned and cradled by 
 these. It is certainly very haid labor. 
 
 FURS AND FUR-SEALS, 
 
 The fur industry took precedence 
 from the first. The Russian-Amer- 
 ican Company devoted its energies 
 almost exclusively to the collection 
 of furs. China furnished a market 
 for sea otter and other rich kinds. 
 This fur industry has gone on from 
 year to year without any let-up. It 
 IS estimated, however, that the value 
 of the fur-trade of Alaska since the 
 discovery of that country bas been 
 more than $ 100,000,000. 
 
 In 1892 furs were exported 
 From 13 stations in South- 
 east Alaska $ 351,000 
 
 Shipped by Alaska Com- 
 mercial Comp $ 348,000 
 
 Shipped by other pai-ties, 
 
 western Alaska . . . $ 90,000 
 
 $ 789,991 
 
 The falling off in fur exports is 
 
 principally due to the annihilation 
 
 of fur-seals, effected by pelagic sea 
 
 hunters, killing the female seals. 
 
 All efforts of the United States 
 
 Government for the preservation of 
 
 the fur seals in Alaskan waters have 
 
 failed up to now and in a few years 
 
 34 
 
no more fur-seals will herd on the 
 two surf-bound Pribiloff Islands in 
 Bering" Sea. 
 
 FISHERIES. 
 The sea which washes the shores 
 pi Alaska and its islands is so full 
 of the best varieties of fish as to 
 hare been a wonder since the day 
 in 1741, when Bering first anchored 
 in St. Elias Bay. At certain seasons 
 a sight of the rivers justifies the 
 remark that "there was more fish 
 than water". The canning, salting 
 and iiying of salmon, halibut, cod 
 and herring have already become 
 important industries. There are now 
 43 carneries and salteries producing 
 about 1,000,000 cases of fish, 48 one 
 pound cans to the case, and 10,000 
 barrels. The canneries at Karhtk 
 employ 1,000 people during the 
 season and pack more fish than any 
 other in the world. In Alaskan 
 waters about 75 kinds of eatable fish 
 are found. Some hatcheries were 
 also established in the last years. 
 The total yearly output of the fish 
 industry is nearly $ 3,500,000. 
 
 WHALING. 
 The Arctic Ocean, north of Alaska, 
 is the last whaling ground left. 
 Years ago a fleet of 600 ships 
 searched the Pacific Ocean for whales. 
 Now, not more than fifty vessels are 
 thus engaged, mostly manned by 
 crews working on shares. Bone is 
 more profitable than oil. A single 
 bow-head whale yields from 1,000— 
 1,500 pounds of bone, worth from 
 5 to 6 cts. a pound. In 1893 186,250 
 pounds ofwhalebone were exported 
 (value $ ] ,210,625), 1,000 pounds of 
 ivory (value $ 5,000) and $ 12,228 
 barrels of whale oil (value $ 103,668). 
 The total value of the whaling industry 
 in one year was $1,319,393. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 It has been settled by patient ex- 
 periments that cereal crops can not 
 be grown in Alaska. Nor can the 
 fruit trees and smaU fruits of the 
 U. S. be cultivated with success, 
 unless it be the strawberry and the 
 cranberry. Tillmg the soil is limited 
 to a few gardens, in which most of 
 the staple root crops and vegetables 
 
 are produced.- One of the best 
 Alaskan explorers says: Although 
 Alaska will not support any con- 
 siderable number of people as agri- 
 culturists; it is apparent that the 
 existence of those who live in the 
 territory can be improved by better 
 attention to the development of the 
 resources latent in the soil in certain 
 localities. The people are disincUned 
 to labor in this direction, preferring 
 the profits of hunting and fishing. 
 It will be found that points located 
 by Russians one hundred years ago 
 as most suitable for gardening are 
 the best to day. 
 
 REINDEER. 
 
 The people who live in the north- 
 ern and central portions of Alaska 
 are brought face to face with star- 
 vation, and large numbers of them 
 perish for lack of food, They have 
 been accustomed to an abundance 
 of whales, walrus seals, fish and 
 wild reindeer. The white man has 
 come with his wonderful machines — 
 steamships, bomb-lances, repeating 
 rifles and powerful gear. The whales 
 go farther north and the Eskimos 
 find their food supply diminishing 
 year by year, with no hope of better 
 times. 
 
 Dr. Sheldon Jackson, general agent 
 of education m Alaska, in his "Re- 
 port on introduction of domestic 
 reindeer into Alaska" says that the 
 vast territory of central and arctic 
 Alaska, unfitted for agriculture and 
 cattle raising, is abundantly supplied 
 with long, fibrous white moss, the 
 natm-al food of the reindeer. Taking 
 the statistics of Norway and Sweden 
 as a guide, arctic and central Alaska 
 can support at least 9,000,000 rein- 
 deer, fui-nishing a supply of food, 
 clothing and means of transportation 
 to a population of 250,000. The flesh 
 is considered eatable, whether fresh 
 or cui-ed. The untanned skin makes 
 the best clothing for the climate of 
 Alaska, and when tanned is the best 
 leather for the bookbinder, uphol- 
 sterer and glove maker. The hair 
 is in great demand, by reason of its 
 wonderful buoyancy, in the con- 
 struction of life-saving apparatus. 
 The horns and hoofs make the best 
 glue known to commerce. Alaska 
 
 35 
 
stocked with this valuable animal, 
 enterprises would be developed 
 amounting to millions of dollars an- 
 nuaUy. It has been demonstrated 
 that the deer can be purchased in 
 Siberia and transported to Alaska, 
 that they can be herded and multi- 
 plied. The introduction of families 
 of Laplanders who are experts in 
 all matters pertaining to reindeer, 
 was wise and fortimate. Four years 
 of experience with them as herders 
 and teachers of the Eskimo apprent- 
 ices have proved how wonderfully 
 well adapted they are to show forth 
 and demonstrate to Eskimos all the 
 utility there is in reindeer. 
 
 POINTS FOR HUNTERS. 
 
 The hunter will not find better 
 hunting grounds in the world than 
 the mountains and primeval forests 
 of_ Alaska. The following wild 
 animals are found there in abundance : 
 The moose, the caribou the reindeer, 
 the mountain sheep, the mountain 
 goat and the black-taU deer. In the 
 Arctic regions the hunter also finds 
 the musk ox, but only in limited 
 numbers, where |he ice bear is found 
 very often. In central and southern 
 Alaska there are bears of every kind, 
 the brown bear, the grizzly, the 
 cinnamon, the black bear and the 
 racoon. American Senators, German 
 Barons and _ English Lords have 
 himted bear in Alaska and have not 
 failed to return home and proudly 
 exhibit the skin to admiring friends 
 as the trophy of their hunt. Their 
 are also plenty of game birds and 
 pumas, lynxes, wolves and foxes, 
 which can be hunted by foreign 
 sportsmen. The Indians and the old 
 trappers will make excellent guides, 
 and those people never betray who 
 killed the bear, brought home by the 
 party. 
 
 Points for other travelers. There 
 is no other time to go to Alaska for 
 tomists than hi the mouths of June, 
 July and August. Every one must 
 take warm clothes and blankets also 
 even for pleasure trips, the tem- 
 perature on the sea near the glaciers 
 and on the mountains, being very 
 low. Miners and prospectors should 
 start as early in the year as possible 
 not later than the first of March, so 
 
 36 
 
 as to be on the spot by the time 
 snow melts. 
 
 Indian curiosities and furs are 
 sold best in Sitka or Juneau. 
 
 AFOGNIAK, Al. 
 Small village on Afogniak Island 
 with 267 foreign and native inhab- 
 itants. (Kadiak Eskimos). The 
 Afognak river is recommended by 
 the United States fish commissioner 
 as a site suitable for the establishment 
 of a salmon hatchery. 
 
 ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, Al. 
 
 There are many extinct volcanoes; 
 and several from which at times 
 issue vapor and smoke, while one is 
 constantly active. This \a.st, Bff^oslov, 
 arose in 1882 about three-fourths 
 of a mile northwest of the old 
 Bogoslov island, and it has been very 
 active ever since. The largest settle- 
 ment on the islands is Unalaska 
 (Dutch Harbor). This place has 
 only 157 white and 160 native 
 mhabitants. On the Aleutian islands 
 there are 2000 souls, 500 being of 
 white color and only 25 white ladies 
 amongst them. 
 
 It is thought that these islands 
 were once densely populated, as 
 ruined villages and deserted heeirths 
 axe found m every favorable spot. 
 Mummies of former inhabitants have 
 been found, which are believed to 
 be many centuries old. They are 
 identical in appearance with those 
 of Peru. Arrow heads, stone axes 
 and tools of flint abound. The study 
 of the Aleutian group will prove 
 interesting and instructive to any 
 visitor. 
 
 ALITAK, PA. 
 Village on Kadiak Island with 
 322 foreign and 88 native inhab- 
 itants. Seat of the Arctic Packing 
 Co., which employed 35 white, 
 21 native men and 51 Chinamen 
 during the season of 1897 in salmon 
 canneries. 
 
 ANK SETTLEMENTS, Al. 
 Village on Douglas Island, 183 
 foreign and 141 native inhabitants. 
 
ANRIK. Al. 
 
 Village on the Lower Yukon with 
 91 foreigu and 100 native inhabitants. 
 
 ATTU ISLAND, Al. 
 Attn Island, of the Aleutian group, is 
 the most westerly point of the 
 possessions of the United States. 
 It is about 7500 mis. straight west 
 from the eastern part of Maine, and 
 is about 3500 miles west of Seattle, 
 Wash., making that city about 
 central between the extreme east 
 and west of the Union. When the 
 last rays of the evening sun illvim- 
 iuate Attn Island, its morning 
 beams call the lumber man of 
 Maine to work. 
 
 belkovsk:^, ai. 
 
 Small 'village in Alaska Penin- 
 sula. 300 inhabitants. 
 
 BERNER'S BAY, Al. 
 Very important mining camp neai 
 where the Birch empties iato the 
 Yukon. The prevailing style ol 
 architecture in this city, where gold 
 nuggets exchange cirrrently for flom-, 
 is a low, square log cabin, with 
 wide projecting eaves and a dirt roof. 
 The crevices between the logs are 
 chinked with moss, which abounds 
 every where. It takes two men 
 about two weeks to get out the logs 
 and erect one of these buildings, 
 and when finished, it rents for $ 15 
 a month, or if it is for sale it 
 commands $ 300-500. In 1896 about 
 1500 white people lived here, but 
 since the beginning of the Klondike 
 excitement nearly all have left the city, 
 and only a few hundred Indians now 
 reside there. 
 
 DELAROF BAY, Al. 
 on Unga Island, South Alaska. At 
 the head of this Bay the Apollo mine 
 is situated with a vein of gold 
 bearing quaitz. 
 
 DOUGLAS CITY, Al. 
 A small mining town on Douglas 
 Island, divided from Juneau by the 
 waters of Gaslineaux Channel. Here 
 are the two largest mines of Alaska, 
 the Treadwell and Mexican mines 
 with more than three hundred 
 
 employees. The minors receive 
 $ 2,50 — $ B, per diem with bonuses, 
 board and lodging. Population 500. 
 
 DUTCH HABOR, Al. 
 The most important harbor in the 
 Aleutian Islands, monthly visited by 
 the steamer "Dora" connecting Sitka, 
 Yakutat, Kadiak and the Aleutian 
 Islands. Within the harbor is an 
 island, with a crescent bay, called 
 Dutch harbor, a supply station of 
 the owners of the sealing privilege 
 in the Pribyloff Islands. At the back 
 of this island, at the head of the 
 bay, is another curved beach, the 
 port of Unalaska. 
 
 DYEA, Al. 
 Where the Dyea river empties 
 into Lynn Channel there was till 
 1897, no other settlement thanHealy's 
 store, an Indian trading post and 
 outfitting establishment, owned by 
 Capt Healy and Mr. Wilson. Many 
 people were led there by the Klon- 
 dike excitement, and a settlement 
 was founded. Dyea is now a snbport 
 with some accomodations for travelers. 
 
 EDGEMENT, Al. 
 A small mining-camp obont 7 miles 
 north of Skaguay, founded like that 
 settlement in the summer of 1897, 
 
 FORT ALGER, Al. 
 will be the name of the new military 
 post a few miles north of Circle 
 City and near the northeastern 
 boundery of the American possess- 
 ions. 
 
 FORT TONGAS. Al. 
 The most southern settlement in 
 Alaska, near the British boimdary 
 with 6 white and 50 Indian inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 FORT WRANGEL, Al. 
 Fort Wrangel is situated on a 
 small island, off the mouth of Stikeen 
 River, the third great stream of 
 Alaska, into which no less than 300 
 glaciers run their fleet. Wrangel 
 has the largest saw-mill and the 
 only poultry farm in the territory, 
 and the most interesting totem-poles 
 of all towns, representing a few of 
 the first native families. Population 
 
 37 
 
is -now about 350, but the place will 
 increase very soon by the the develop- 
 ment of the navigation on Stikecn 
 River and the proposed railroad to 
 the headwaters of the Yukon. 
 
 FORT YUKON, Al. 
 An old trading post, where the 
 Porcupine River empties into the 
 Yukon. TJie latter is said to be 
 seven miles wide here. 
 
 HUMBOLDT HARBOR, Al. 
 Humboldt harbor on the Aleutian 
 Islands, is a good harbor, opening 
 into the strait between Unga and 
 Topoff islands, with United States 
 Custom House. The fishermen call 
 that harbor "Sandy Point". 
 
 HUNA, Al. 
 Indian village on Admuality Island 
 in the soutLeastern part of^ Alaska 
 with about 500 people in 25 houses. 
 The Hnna tribe is not very intelligent, 
 only 11 per cent of the population 
 being literate between the ages of 
 10 and 23 years. Neai' Huna, sanitary 
 baths in Hot Sprmgs. 
 
 ICY' CAPE, Al. 
 Icy Cape is an elevation above 
 the tundra on the Arctic shore with 
 a settlement of about 60 inhabitants. 
 Here the gravelly deposits on the 
 beach contain numerous clam shells 
 and black sand, indicating the pres- 
 ence of the bivalves at the bottom 
 of the sea. Off Icy Cape are the 
 Blossom shoals, ard in bygone years 
 herds of walrus congregated in the 
 shallow waters to feed upon the 
 clams to be found there. But it is 
 lare to find any of these animals at 
 tbe present day off this locality, as 
 ihey have been frightened away by 
 the whalemen. 
 
 IIJULIUK, Al. 
 Iliuliuk on Unalaska Island is a 
 point of considerable commercial 
 miportance, having a church, cus- 
 tom-house, tiading establishments, 
 wharfs etc. 
 
 JUNEAU, Al. 
 Juneau is the most important city 
 and commercial centre of Alaska. 
 
 Founded in 18S0, it already had 300 
 mhabitants in 1881 and now it has 
 at least 2—3000. This place, located 
 on the mainland opposite Douglas 
 Island, has its name from Joseph 
 Juneau, a Canadian Frenchman, who 
 first discovered gold in the Gold 
 Creek, emptying here into the Gast- 
 ineaux Channel. It has a picturesque 
 ! location on the base of an abrupt 
 mountain cliff, sprinkled with snow 
 and waterfalls. Icebexgs from the 
 Taku Glacier frequently float into 
 the harbor. The city has a Post- 
 Office, a Custom house, a Court 
 house, an hospital and many large 
 stores. The visiter will be astonished 
 by seeing electric lights, water works, 
 and three newspapers, to say noth- 
 ing of the fire Department and tbe 
 Brass Band. The Oriental hotel is 
 steam heated and managed by an 
 old miner. He charges two dollars 
 and a half to three doUars a day 
 for board and lodging. The princ- 
 ipal industry is mining, gold having 
 been discovered on several creeks 
 near the city. At first it was placer 
 gold only, but the ledges are now 
 being worked and developed. Tom^- 
 ists will have an opportunity to see 
 a great many curiosities, furs etc., 
 prepared by "the natives. The 
 chamber of Commerce of Alaska has 
 its seat here, the secretary's name 
 is Mr. Kaufmann. The newspapers 
 of Juneau are published weekly, their 
 names are: The Alaska Minins^ 
 Record, the Alaskan Search-Light and 
 the Alaskan Miner. The Opera 
 house has performances every night, 
 but everybody must be careful not 
 to go amongst the gamblers, who 
 have their headquarters here. Juneau 
 is distinguished from all other cities 
 of Alaska by its excellent water sup- 
 ply of fountain water, coming from 
 the mountains. 
 
 KADIAK, Al. 
 The name of the large island on 
 the eastern shore of the peninsula 
 Alaska. The climate of Kadiak is 
 remarkably mild, and open winters 
 are the rule. Nearly every family 
 of the permanent inhabitants keeps 
 cattle and cultivates a small patch 
 of ground for the purpose of raising 
 potatoes and turnips. When the 
 
 38 
 
Russians iBrst came to settle at this 
 point they found a number of pop- 
 ulous native villages upon the capes 
 and headlands around the bay, but 
 these have long since disappeared, 
 leaving only a few grassy mounds 
 to indicate their sites. There is now 
 but one Eskimo community on Wood 
 Island (see that name). 
 
 KARLUK, Al. 
 Situated on Kadiak Island where the 
 Karluk river empties into the Holikof 
 Strait, dividing Kadiak Island from 
 the Alaska penmsula. More than 1000 
 white people live here working for 
 the Karluk Salmon canneries, which 
 are said to be the largest in the 
 world. The firms resident here are 
 the Karluk Packing Co. and the 
 Hume Packing Co., they packed 
 6G5,983 red sSmons in the season 
 of 1897. 
 
 KOYUKUK 
 RIVER SETTLEMENTS, Al. 
 Indian settlements with 200 mhabi- 
 tants on the Koyukuk, a tributary 
 of the Lower Yukon. 
 
 NULATO, Al. 
 A trading post, situated on the 
 Yukon, where the 158th. meridian cuts 
 that river. It is about 467 iftls. 
 from the sea coast and has about 
 120 inhabitants. 
 
 NUHLUKYEL (Tuklukyet), Al. 
 
 Nuklukyet is another trading post 
 on the Yukon below the mouth of 
 the Tanaa, about 670 mis. from the 
 sea coast. Connected with the Indian 
 village of Tuklukyet with about 120 
 inhabitants. 
 
 (NEW) - METHALAKATLA 
 (Port Chester), Al. 
 One of the most interesting 
 points in south eastern Alaska. 
 It is mostly called New-Methalakatla. 
 Meihalakatla being the name of the 
 village from which the Indian tribe 
 of the Tsimpseans moved in British 
 Columbia about 70 mis. southeast 
 of their present location on Annette 
 Island. It is especially interesting 
 on account of the history of the 
 natives and their remarkable advance- 
 ment toward civilzation, 10 years 
 
 ago the spot where the village now 
 stands was a dense primeval forest 
 of spruce and hemlock. At the time 
 of the removal of the Tsimpseans 
 from old Methalakatla they were not 
 permitted to carry away with them 
 any of their personal effects and 
 they established their homes at their 
 present location under severe priva- 
 tions, and in the face of obstacles 
 that nothing but an abiding faith in 
 a Supreme Power and confidence in 
 the man whose counsel had guided 
 them for many years, Mr. WiUiam 
 Duncan, could have overcome. Here 
 is one of the largest and best 
 equipped store buildings in the 
 whole of Alaska, a frame building, 
 about 60 feet front by 120 feet 
 deep, and 30 feet high. When all 
 the Tsimpseans are at home there 
 are about 800 of them. 
 
 - POINT BARROW, Al. 
 The most northern point in Amer- 
 ica on the Artie Sea. 530 miles 
 from Bering Straits. Good harbor 
 with a population of one white man, 
 one white lady and a few himdred 
 Eskimos. 
 
 PORT CLARENCE, Al. 
 
 Port Clarence is a very fine, deep 
 and commodious harbor on Bering 
 Straits, the only safe harbor on the 
 entire coast of Alaska north of the 
 Aleutian Islands. Here is good 
 accommodation for the whaling fleet 
 as a rendez-vous dm'ing the month 
 of July, when the tenders arrive 
 fiom San Francisco to replenish 
 their stock of provisions and take 
 in return the whalebone and furs 
 obtained during tha spring cruise 
 amidst the ice of Bering Sea, I^arge 
 deposits of graphit occur in the hills 
 around Port Clarence, but the 
 presence of a heavy percentage of 
 of silica operates agaiiist the mineral 
 being of commercial value. 
 
 The hills are covered in the summer 
 season with luxm-iant grass, which is 
 due to the Kuro Schiwo, the warm 
 sea-cun-ent, touching that coast. 
 276 white men and 144 Indians of 
 both sexes live here. 
 
 39 
 
ST. MICHAELS, Al. 
 On Norton Sound, is one of the 
 most important localities on the coast. 
 It is a trading-post, where rival 
 firms have established their depots 
 for the Yukon river and Arctic 
 trade. The station keepers come 
 done from the interior to the coast 
 at the end of June and each receives 
 his allotment of goods to take back 
 with him in sailboats and bidars 
 during the few months when naviga- 
 tion Is not impeded by ice. The 
 vessels supplymg this depot can 
 seldom approach the post before the 
 end of June, on accoimt of large 
 bodies of drifting ice that beset the 
 waters of Norton Sound and the 
 straits between St. Lawrence Island 
 and the Yukon delta. Travelers 
 follow a trail across the country, 
 and reach the Yukon 392 miles from 
 its mouth via the Unalaklik river, 
 emptying into Norton Sound, Ulu- 
 kuk and Autokokat river, emptying 
 into the Sukon. 
 
 Si. PAUL ON KADIAK ISLAND, Al. 
 The inost important settlement 
 in the Kadiak division of Alaska. 
 The place was selected as a central 
 station of the Russian fur-tradine 
 companies in the year 1789 on 
 account of its good haibor and the 
 close vicinity of good building timber. 
 After the transfer of the territory 
 several American firms entered into 
 competition for the valuable fur 
 trade of the district, but through at 
 times the contest was carried on 
 with great vigor and vituperation, 
 one firm after another had to yield 
 to the more perfect organisation 
 and the greater means of the Alaska 
 Commercial Company, which to-day 
 controls the trade and occupies 
 most of the space of this settlement, 
 including the whole valuable water 
 front. There are about 500 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 ST. PAUL (UNALASKA) Al. 
 A small villag-e with 250 inhab- 
 itants on the Pribilofi Island, interest- 
 ing the fur-seal trade. 
 
 SEWARD CITY, Al. 
 A small settlement on the main- 
 land north of Juneau. 
 
 SITKA, Al. 
 
 The capital of Alaska lies on the 
 west side of Baranoff Island in 
 latitude bT>" 52' and longitude 
 135» 17' 45". Since Baranoflf Castle 
 unfortunately was destroyed by fire 
 March 17 th 1893 the Greek Chirrch 
 is the most prominent building of the 
 town. Many houses are built in 
 Russian style, many only of logs. 
 There are now about 150 white 
 people living there and 1000 Indians 
 and mixed. The government and 
 the United States Attorney have 
 their seats here. 
 
 The climate conditions are very 
 good for tilling the soil. "J have 
 never seen finer potatoes, turnips, 
 cabbages and garden products gen- 
 erally, than those giown here", says 
 Gov. SwJneford in his annual report 
 to the government at Washmgton. 
 In the vicinity of Sitka, especially 
 on the shores of the beautiful Indian 
 River, there are no less than 800 
 kinds of flowers known and classified. 
 Hunmiing birds fly about. Near Sitka 
 there are hot sulphur springs which are 
 in use for several kinds of diseases. 
 
 The temperature rarely falls below 
 zero, near the sea, and cattle and 
 sheep will exist throughout the wicter 
 without being housed or fed. 
 
 The weekly paper "The Alaskan" 
 is published here and also the 
 monthly "The North Star" for the 
 interests of the Presbyterian mission 
 in Sitka. 
 
 SKAGUAY, Al. 
 At the mouth of Skaguay River 
 there lived on the fixst of July 1897 
 only one man Capt. William Moore, 
 who had been a pioneer in that 
 country, as an Indian-trader. The 
 rumor that the Whithe pass would 
 be the easiest and quickest route to 
 the Yukon, brought severnl thousand 
 people to that place. Having no 
 opportunity to cross the mountains 
 tho town was founded, numbering 
 last winter about 5000 people. 
 Plenty of frame houses a wharf and a 
 saw mill have been erected here, but 
 nobody knows how long this mining 
 town will be en vogue. 
 
 40 
 
SUMDUM, Al. 
 The Sumdum mining district is 
 one of the most important in 
 southeastern Alaska. 
 
 ^ WEARE, Al. 
 A new trading- post where the 
 Tanana empties into the Yukon. 
 The number of population is still 
 small, but will soon increase with 
 the development of Central Alaska. 
 
 WOOD ISLAND or LESNOI, Al. 
 
 A small Eskimo village on Kadiak 
 Island with about 120 inhabitants, 
 has for many years played a. pro- 
 minent part in the commercial and 
 industrial development of this coun- 
 try. When, subsequent to the dis- 
 covery of gold in California, a de- 
 mand for ice was created in the grow- 
 hag city of San Francisco, the Rus- 
 sian-American Company formed a 
 partnership with American capital- 
 ists to develop the ice-trade. For 
 this purpose two depots were estab- 
 lished, one at Sitka and the other 
 at Wood Island and the latter place, 
 fitted with a long wharf, tramways, 
 flumes, and ice houses soon became 
 the principal source of supply. The 
 
 trade gave employment to men and 
 ships, and with it was inaugurated 
 the palmiest era of Kadiak's in- 
 dustrial progress. The ice plant 
 was still in good order and ship- 
 ments were continued to San Fran- 
 cisco, when Alaska was acquired by 
 the United States, and the American 
 partners in the enterprise continued 
 the business, combining with it an 
 active rivalry in the fur-trade. The 
 increasing manufacture of artificial 
 ice, however, gradually undermined 
 the business, and after lingering for 
 a number of years with the assist- 
 ance of an annual subvention of 
 California ice-makers, under promise 
 of not shipping the natural article, 
 the enterprise was finally abandoned 
 in 1892. Since that tune the 
 Woodland Island people have earned 
 their living entirely by sea-otter 
 hunting on distant grounds, to which 
 they are carried, on vessels of the 
 Alaska Commercial Company. The 
 old men and women attend to the 
 potato gardens, and the company 
 supplies them with boat-loads of 
 salmon for the winter. 
 
 YAKUTAT, Al. 
 A small Indian village of 300 inhabit- 
 ants on Yakutat Bay, near St. Elias. 
 
 41 
 
ARIZONA. 
 
 The discoverers of Arizona were 
 an Italian Franciscan Friar, Fra 
 Macros de Niza (Mark of Nice), 
 whilom companion of Pizarro in 
 Peru, and Estevanico, a freed 
 African slave. In 1539 these two 
 men came northward from Culiacan, 
 "as the Holy Spirit did guide", and 
 reached the Gila Valley, Estevanico 
 was slain by the natives; but Niza 
 planted a cross in Cibola (Zuni), 
 and took possession of the country 
 in the name of Spain. In 1687, and 
 later, Jesuit and Franciscan mis- 
 sionaries did gi^eat work in this 
 heathen land, and founded many 
 towns; but the civilization which 
 arose in their train vanished before 
 the forays of the pitiless Apache 
 warriors. The missions were suppress- 
 ed by the Mexican Government in 
 1828, and the Indians destroyed 
 again most of the churches and 
 mining plants, and reduced Arizona to 
 savagery. During the Mexican War, 
 in 1847, Gen. S. W. Kearney marched 
 his command through the Gila VaUey, 
 and first brought this country to 
 the notice of Americans. The pert 
 north of the Gila was ceded to the 
 U. S. by Mexico in 1818, and the 
 40,000 sq. miles south of the Gila, 
 came by the Gadsden Pui-chase, in 
 1853, from Mexico, for $ 10,000,000. 
 Gen. Gadsden made great efforts to 
 have his purchase include Gaymas, 
 but Congress did not support him, and 
 thus Arizona is devoid of a seaport. 
 
 In 1861, the U. S. garrisons 
 retreated to New -Mexico and the 
 Confederates captured Tacson and 
 threatened Fort Suma. With Texan 
 
 riders on one side, Sonorian plundr 
 erers on another, and the mur- 
 derous Apaches everywhere, the 
 Territory was mercilessly laid waste, 
 and many of its people fled into 
 exile. In May, 1862, Col. Carleton's 
 column of 1800 Calif oi"niaiis marched 
 from Los Angelos to Suma, oc- 
 cupying it pernamently for the 
 Union. At this time there were no 
 settlements north of the Gila River. 
 The Territory was not set apart 
 from New -Mexico until 1863. Be- 
 tween 1864 and 1876, the savages 
 were placed on reservations; and in 
 1878 the railway locomotive crossed 
 the Colorado River and the era of 
 savagery and isolation came to an 
 end. Yet even as late as 1882-3 
 the Apaches left their reservations and 
 mmdered many citizens of the Gila 
 VaUey. They finally took refuge 
 in the Sierra Madre, where Gen. 
 Crook, acting by arrangement with 
 the Mexican Government, attacked 
 them. Another foray occurred in 
 1885-6, when Geronimo killed 50 
 persons, before Gen. Miles captured 
 the red warrior in the mountains 
 of Sonora. It is but a short time 
 since the most dangerous of the 
 Apache bands where banished to 
 Texas. Yet even in 1891 a number 
 of Arizonians were killed by the 
 Indians. 
 
 Since the removal of many of the 
 hostile Apaches, and the incoming 
 of the railways, Arizona has grown 
 rapidly. Its population was in 
 
 1870 : 19,658 
 
 1880 : 40,440 
 
 1890 : 59,620 
 
 42 
 
The name of Arizona comes from 
 "Arizonac", the native name for a 
 locality near the head of the Rio 
 Altar. Arizona is sometimes also 
 called, "The Sunset Land" or „The 
 Apache State". It is from 31" 20' to 
 37 northern Longitude, and 69"52' to 
 73" 32' western Latitude from 
 Washington. 
 
 JUMA, Ariz. 
 Formerly Fort Juma in Arizona, 
 a village near the junction of the 
 Gila and Colorado Rivers, where 
 the train crosses the latter river on 
 a fine bridge. The village has a 
 population of 1,773. It is approached 
 by steamer up the Colorado River, 
 and is the western terminus of the 
 Arizona Braiich of the Southern' 
 Pacific R. R. Here is the location 
 of the Territorial Penitentiary, and 
 there are other notable public 
 buUdings. 
 
 PHOENIX, Ariz. 
 The capital of Arizona with 3152 
 Lnh. on the Salt River; nicely situated 
 among the vineyards and orange- 
 groves of the mountain-walled Salt 
 
 River Valley, in an oasis made by 
 irrigation, with a climate of short 
 and sunny winters and long summers. 
 In its vicinity ruins of prehistorical 
 settlements have been founded. 
 
 PRESCOTT, Ariz. 
 A village of 1,759 inh. in Arizona, 
 at an elevation of 5,700 feet, 
 with a bracing and salubrious 
 climate, and in a region rich in 
 mines and in magnificent moimtain- 
 scenery. 
 
 TUSCON, Ariz. 
 
 An ancient city of Arizona, found- 
 ed in 1560 by the Jesuits. Reached 
 frorti Benson by the Southern 
 Pacific R. R. It was for many years 
 the capital of tl^e Territory and has 
 now a population of 5,150. It is 
 pleasantly situated in the Santa-Cruz 
 Valley, has 4 chnrches and 5 news- 
 papers, 2 banks, gas, ice and water 
 works, a tannery and a smelter, and 
 a large trade with Sonora. Seat of 
 the University of Aiizona and other 
 educational establishments. It does 
 a large business in exporting gold- • 
 dust, wool, and hides. 
 
 i3 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 Arkansas is located in the milder 
 portion of the Mississippi Valley and 
 has an area of 52.198 square miles, 
 or 33,406,720 acres. Owing to the 
 difference in the elevation of the 
 various portions of the State and 
 its southern location, a greater vari- 
 ety of products is raised than in 
 any other of the States. In the 
 southern section, semi-tropical fruits 
 and plants are grown, and the prod- 
 ucts of the northern States are suc- 
 cessfully raised in all sections. The 
 surface of the State is comparatively 
 level in the east, gradually becoming 
 more elevated toward the west, the 
 greatest elevation being reached in 
 the Ozark Mountains. The surface 
 of the State presents a pleasing 
 variety of hill, plain, prairie, wood- 
 land, valley and stream. 
 
 The census returns of the State for 
 1890 give a population of 1,128,179. 
 Estimated now at 1,600,000. 
 
 The principal products are: cotton, 
 corn, wheat, fruits, live stock, dairy 
 products, minercds (coal, iron, mang- 
 anese, zinc, lead, copper, etc.), timber. 
 
 ARKANSAS HOT SPRINGS. 
 
 History gives us reasonable assur- 
 ance that De Soto discovered the 
 Hot Springs, and spent one winter 
 in camp at that pomt. They were 
 known to the Indians long before 
 the white man's foot had wakened 
 the forest echoes west of the Mis- 
 sissippi. The sick from all the sur- 
 rounding tribes were taken there 
 to be cured of diseases that baffled 
 their medicine men. Their fame 
 spread among aU. the sothern tribes. 
 
 44/48 
 
 and it was from these reports that 
 Ponce De Leon conceived the idea 
 of the Foimtain of Youth, for which 
 he searched in vain for many weary 
 years. The early French settlers 
 were the first to discover the true 
 value of these thermal springs for 
 healing diseases. During the early 
 part of the present century Prench 
 settlers, trappers and voyagers, made 
 temporary use of these springs for 
 the treatment of sick members of 
 their families. Several log cabins 
 were built in the valley, and they 
 were refitted and used by any who 
 chanced to come. 
 
 The Hot Springs are situated on 
 one of the lower spurs of the Ozark 
 Mountains, about sixty miles south- 
 west of Little Rock. The surface of 
 the surrounding country is mount- 
 ainous and broken enough to rob 
 it of all monotony, and add a large 
 item of interest to a sojourn in the 
 health valley of Hot Springs. 
 
 These springs are reached from 
 the North and East hy way of St. 
 Louis and the Iron Moimtain route. 
 Three trains every day rim from St. 
 Louis in connection with trains from 
 all through trunk lines to that point, 
 and are equipped with Pullman 
 Buffet Sleeping Cars and RecHning 
 Chair- Cars, the seats in which are 
 free. Travelers from the South 2ir- 
 rive at Texarkana and take the Iron 
 Mountain route from that point. 
 The Iron Moimtain route may be 
 taken from the East at Memphis, 
 and passengers are carried from that 
 city via Little Rock to Malvern, 
 where the change is made to the 
 
Hot Springs RaHroad to Hot Springs, 
 a distance of twenty-five miles. 
 
 These Springs are one of the great 
 natural curiosities of the world. 
 Seventy-two streams of hot mineral 
 waters issue from the mountain side, 
 from 50 to 75 feet above the valley, 
 and from 650 to 700 feet above sea 
 level, and pour their liquid streams 
 of health forth for the afflicted of 
 all the earth. These waters have 
 proven efficacious in many diseases 
 where medical skill has been baffled. 
 They are, therefore, at the same 
 time the Mecca toward which the ill 
 and afflicted tnm for relief, an ob- 
 
 The Springs, seventy -two in 
 number, and varying in temperature 
 from 96<> to 157» F., and a flow of 
 nearly a million gallons daily, axe 
 owned and controlled by the United 
 States Government alone, whose 
 reservation of 2560 acres was set 
 aside for exclusive use as _ a San- 
 itariimi by act of Congress in 1832. 
 At. an altitude, that is a happy 
 medium between low and high, 
 visitors to the Springs are not subject 
 to malaria, so frequent in resorts 
 near swamps or marshes, nor to the 
 changes of high altitudes in 
 quickening the respiration and the 
 
 Bath House Row on Government Reservation. 
 
 ject of curiosity for the sight-seer, 
 and a favorite resort for the pleas- 
 ure seeker and tourist. They are 
 annually visited by thousands. So- 
 ciety is of the best, and many per- 
 manent and beautiful homes have 
 been built. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS. 
 Arkansas is the most justly famous 
 of all the health resorts of America. 
 The city of Hot Springs is situated on 
 the mountain and in the valley of 
 the same name, about fifty miles 
 southwest of Little Rock, the state 
 capital, and twenty-two miles from 
 Malvern, the junction of the St. 
 L. I. M. & S. Ry., and the Hot 
 Springs R. R. 
 
 action of the heart. Of all the cities 
 of British America, but one has a 
 death rate as low as that of Hot 
 Springs, and none at all in Con- 
 tinental Europe. 
 
 As a resort for invalids, Hot 
 Springs is without a rival, either in 
 the health resorts of the Old World, 
 or in those of the New. At no 
 other place can so many and so 
 various diseases be successfully 
 treated. Among the diseases that are 
 completely cured or, if too far 
 advanced for recovery, greatly ben- 
 efited ; areRheumatism,Gout, Scrofula, 
 Paralysis, Neuralgia, Ozena, Catarrh, 
 Sore Throat, Syphilis — acquired or 
 hereditary, in its different forms — 
 Asthma, Gravel, Diseases of the 
 
 49 
 
Eadneys and Bladder, Eczema, 
 Psoriasis, Uticaria, Impetigo, Prurigo, 
 Rupia, Chronic Ulcers, Glandular 
 Enlargements, Ring Worm, Migraine 
 or Sick Headache, Enlarged Tonsils, 
 Menstruation Troubles, and Sterility. 
 Notaweekpasseswithoutsomeremar- 
 kable cure where all hope of recovery 
 had been abandoned before a visit to 
 the Springs/had been decided- on. 
 
 In' his report to the Secretary of 
 the Interior for 1894, the Super- 
 intendent of the Reservation, Mr. 
 William J. Little, says: "I give it as 
 my unqualified opinion that the late 
 spring and summer and the early 
 fall are the most favorable times to 
 visit Hot- Springs for a comse of 
 treatment, especially if treatment is 
 desired for rheumatism or any of 
 the blood diseases. Hot baths and 
 drinking hot water in hot weather 
 mean sweating, and sweating prod- 
 uced by the hot water of Hot Spriags 
 means cleansing the system of these 
 diseases, if they be present, and 
 this may be more readily accom- 
 plished in summer than in winter." 
 These waters are now nearly all 
 concentrated in large air-tight tanks 
 built by the United States Govern- 
 ment, and will bathe ig,2g6 persons 
 daily, allowing twenty -five gallons 
 for each bath. 
 
 In the hottest springs an ^^^^ can 
 be cooked in fifteen minutes. All 
 the springs on the east side of the 
 creek, flowing from the Hot Springs 
 Mountain (excepting one) are hot, 
 and all on the west side (excepting 
 the alum spring) are cold. ' 
 
 The following is from the report 
 of Prof. David D. Owen, when he 
 was State Geologist: 
 
 Highest Lowest 
 : Temper- Temper- 
 Months, ature. ature. 
 January .... 75 25 
 February ... 70 30 
 March .... 80 45 
 
 April 85 63 
 
 May 88 62 
 
 Tune ..... 92 78 
 
 July .• ; . . . 94 76 
 
 August .... 90 76 
 
 September ... 89 66 
 
 October .... 87 56 
 
 November ... 80 50 
 
 December ... 74 23 
 
 "In many forms of chrofiit diseases 
 especially, its effects are truly 
 astonishmg. The copious diaphoresis 
 with the hot bath establishes, opens 
 in itself, a main channel for the 
 expulsion of principles injurious to 
 health, made manifest by its peculiar 
 odor. A similar effect in a dimin- 
 ished degree is effected by drinking 
 the hot water— a common, indeed- 
 almost universal practice among 
 invalids at the Hot Springs. 
 
 "The impression produced by the 
 hot douche, as above described, is 
 indeed powerful, arousing into action 
 the sluggish and torpid secretions; 
 the languid circulation is thus purified 
 of morbific matters, and thereby 
 renewed vigor and healthful action 
 ai-e given both to the absorbents, 
 lymphatics, and; to the excretory 
 apparatus — a combined effect whichno 
 medicine is capable of accomplishing. 
 
 "The large quantity of free carbon- 
 ic acid which the water contains, and 
 which rises in volumes through the 
 water at the fountain of many of the 
 springs, has undoubtedly an exhil- 
 arating effect on the system, and it 
 is no doubt from the water of the 
 Hot Springs coming to the surface 
 charged with this gas that invalids are 
 enabled to drink it freely at a tempera- 
 ture at which ordinary tepid water, 
 fromwhich all the gas has been expelled 
 by ebullition, would act as an emetic." 
 
 Hot Springs is as a summer resort 
 as delightful a place as can be 
 found, cool and pleasant. The 
 highest, lowest and average mean 
 tempeiatiire, together with the 
 number of clear, rainy and cloudy 
 days for each month' of l894, is 
 shown by the following table: 
 
 
 CI ar 
 
 Cloudy . 
 
 Rainy 
 
 Average. 
 
 Da vs. 
 
 Days. 
 
 Days. 
 
 58 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 52 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 69 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 75 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 81 
 
 28 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 85 
 
 27' 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 84 
 
 24 
 
 — 
 
 7 
 
 83 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 79 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 76 
 
 28 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 66 , 
 
 28 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 57 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 *9 
 
 51 
 
Higtest temperature for the year, 
 94; lowest, 23; mean average lor 
 year, 72. Total number of clear 
 days, 298; rainy days, 62; cloudy 
 days without ram, 5. 
 
 Thei^mometer readings taken at 
 noon each day at the Arlington 
 Hotel. 
 
 Additional evidence that Hot 
 Springs is a desirable sxmimer as 
 well as winter resort is found in the 
 presence during the season of large 
 numbers of the best Southern people 
 from every section of the South, 
 who select Hot Springs for their 
 summer outing in preference to the 
 resorts farther north. 
 
 The hotel accomodations are of 
 the best and range in price fiom 
 $1,00 to $10,00 a day. 
 
 90 day tickets are on sale at 
 many of the principal cities and 
 stations of the United States, gen- 
 erally at a reduction of about 25 per 
 cent from full rates, and visitors 
 will do well to inquire for them. 
 
 Several of the hotels of Hot 
 Spiings are first-class, they aie 
 large and well built houses, and ia 
 cuisine and appointments unsurpassed. 
 
 The Eastman Hotel, one of the 
 
 §randest resort hotels in the United 
 tates, containing 480 rooms, was 
 opened for the first time for the 
 season of 1889. Another equally as 
 magnificent, although not so large, 
 is the Park. The Arlington and 
 Avenue Hotels can accommodate 
 over 300 guests each; the Sumpter, 
 Plateau and Waverly have room for 
 about 100 each. 
 
 There are ten or twelve houses 
 that justly may be called hotels; the 
 others are only boarding-houses, 
 though some of them give as good 
 fare and accommodations as are to 
 be had at some of the hotels. Pi'ivate 
 boarding-houses are numerous, and 
 there is quite a difference between 
 the cheapest of these and the high- 
 priced hotels, $ 4 to $ 25 being the 
 range, of prices per week. 
 
 The city of Hot Springs has 
 11,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The site, where the springs are, 
 belongs to the United States Govern- 
 ment and is the seat of a large 
 Army and Navy Hospital. 
 
 From Hot Springs many excursions 
 may be made to the Ouichita Valley, 
 Gulpha Gorge, Hall's Half Acre, 
 Happy Hollow, Ball Bayon, Crystal 
 Mt., Wittington's Peak and to the 
 other springs in the vicinity; as 
 Potash Sulphur Springs, Moimtain 
 Valley Springs etc, 
 
 ARKANSAS POST, Ark. 
 An ancient settlement, on the Arkan- 
 sas river, some 50 mis. from its 
 mouth, having been occupied by the 
 French as early as 1685. It was, 
 for many years, the chief depot of 
 the peltries of the county far around. 
 
 BATESVILLE, Ark. 
 Bates viUe is the terminus of the 
 White River branch, and is located 
 in the edge of the mountainous 
 region that extends over the entire 
 Western half of the State. During 
 the Winter months, small steamboats 
 ascend the White River from Bates- 
 yille to a point near the Missouri 
 line, nearly two hundred miles as 
 the river runs, and most of this 
 distance is traversed amid scenery 
 surpassing that along any other 
 navigable stream east of the Rocky 
 Mountains. 
 
 CAMDEN, Ark. 
 A country-town of 2571 inh. on the 
 Washita river, 110 mis. from Little 
 Rock Lignite Rock abounds here. 
 Reached by the St. Louis, Iron 
 Mountain and Southern R. R. ; and 
 the Arkansas Midland. 
 
 FORT SMITH, Ark. 
 The second largest city of the 
 State with some 16,000 inhabitants. 
 Reached by the St. Louis and San 
 Francisco Railroad. 
 
 GAINESVILLE, Ark. 
 A small town on the Helena branch 
 of the St. L., I. M. and S., St. Francis 
 lake in its vicinity. 
 
 GREENVILLE, Ark. 
 Town of 7000 inhabitants on the 
 left bank of the Mississippi, impor- 
 tant for its export of cotton. The 
 town is surrounded by cotton-plant- 
 ations, which afford a very picturesque 
 
 52 
 
view. l^he lionies of the farmers 
 axe often large old mansions surroun- 
 ded by beautiful trees, which are 
 phantasticly draped with Tillandsia 
 usneodis. 
 
 HELENA, Ark. 
 Town of 5000 inh. on the right 
 bank of the Mississippi with active 
 industries, principally wood. 
 
 KNOBEL, Ark. 
 The junction point of the main 
 line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain 
 and Southern and its Helena branch. 
 It is particularly desirable as a 
 stopping place for sportsmen. 
 
 LITTLE ROCK, Ark. 
 The capital of the State. The 
 city is situated on the right bank 
 of the Arkansas River and is an 
 important railroad center. It has 
 40,000 inhabitants who carry on a 
 large business in cotton and other 
 products. The city is well built, and 
 has regular, broad streets which 
 ai-e shaded by Magnolias. Little 
 Rock possesses some fine public 
 buildings; the most important are: 
 the State IIo:.sc, the United States, 
 
 'Court tlouse, the County Court 
 Hottse, the State- Insane- Asylum, the 
 Institute for the Blind and Dumb 
 the Post- Office, the Cham-ber of 
 Cofnnterce, the Little Rock Univer- 
 sity and the Medical Departmeni 
 of the Arkansas University. 
 
 Reached from St. Louis, by the 
 St. Louis Iron Mountain and Southern 
 Railway. 
 
 PINE BLUFF, Ark. 
 An important cotton port, on 
 the Arkansas with about 14:,000 
 inhabitants. 
 
 TEXARKANA, Ark. 
 An important railroad center see 
 Texarkana, Tex. on the boarder line 
 between Arkansas and Texas. 
 
 VAN BUREN, Ark. 
 
 A very lively commercial town, 
 within 5 mis. of Indian Territory 
 160 miles west-north-west of Little 
 Rock, pleasantly situated on the 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Railroads St. Louis, Iron Mountain 
 & Southern; St. Louis St. Franciso; 
 Litte Rock & Fort Snuth. ' 
 
 53 
 
CALIFORNIA. 
 
 The name California is derived 
 from the Spanish, and means "hot 
 furnace." It was first applied to the 
 lower peninsula, which is now known 
 as Lower California, upon its discov- 
 ery in 1534. Juan Cabrillo; a nav- 
 igator in the service of Spain, was 
 the first to visit Central and North- 
 ern California in 1542. Junipero Serra 
 and his Franciscan friars settled at 
 San Diego in 1769. California formed 
 a part of independent Mexico in 
 1821. On July 7, 1846, the American 
 navy seized Monterey. Gold was 
 discovered January 19, 1848, and 
 one month later Upper California 
 was ceded by treaty to the United 
 States, On September 9, 1850, 
 California was admitted as a State 
 into the Union. Her dimensions are 
 770 miles long; extreme width, 330 
 miles; least width, 150 miles, and 
 she has an area of 160,000 square 
 miles, or 100,000,000 acres of 
 territory. 
 
 MINERAL SPRINGS 
 IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 CalifoiTiia has thousands of mineral 
 springs. The most notable are the 
 Paso Robles, Paraiso, Gilroy, Harbin, 
 Byron, Seigler, Bartlett, and the hot 
 mineral waters of Lake Napa, 
 Sonoma, Plumas, Lassen, Colusa, 
 Los Angeles. Santa Barbara, San 
 Bernardino and San Diego counties. 
 Then there are the cold chalybeate 
 springs of Napa, Colusa Lake and 
 Sonoma coimties. 
 
 In Lake county are found an 
 immense number of mineral springs, 
 both hot and cold. They can be 
 
 reached by stage from Cloverdale 
 or Calistoga. Adams', Allen's, 
 Anderson', Bartlett, Bradshaw; 
 Bonanza, Gordon's, Harbins,H-ough's, 
 Highland, Howard's, Pearson, Siblet, 
 Seigler, Sulphur and Witter are the 
 best known. 
 
 AETNA SPRINGS, Cal. 
 In Napa County, easy of access 
 from St. Helena by an excellent 
 road over Howell Mountain. The 
 scenery is grand and imposing, plenty 
 of fishmg and shooting, fine drives and 
 good hotel accomodations. Route ; 
 Rail to St. Helena, stage to Pope 
 Valley. 
 
 CALISTOGA SPRINGS, Cal. 
 There are twenty hot springs, 
 noted for their medicinal qualities; 
 splendid facilities for cold, hot, vapor 
 or chemical baths. Route, same as 
 to Aetna Springs. 
 
 MARK WEST HOT SULPHUR 
 SPRINGS, Cal. 
 
 Twenty - eight miles from Napa 
 City and nine from Calistoga, on 
 the county road leading from Calis- 
 toga to Santa Rosa. The springs 
 are beautifully situated, 700 feet 
 above sea-level, at the junction of 
 four canons forming a miniature 
 valley. To Calistoga, 68 miles; 
 stage to springs, 10 miles, via Petri- 
 fied Forest. 
 
 ADAM SPRINGS, Cal. 
 Lake County, five miles from 
 Glenbrook. The waters are cold 
 and of a fine alkaline character. 
 
 64 
 
SEIGLER SJPRINGS, Cal. 
 Lake County, five miles from 
 Adams Springs, consists of hot and 
 cold sulphur, soda, iron, arsenic 
 and other waters. 
 
 BONANZA SPRINGS, Cal. 
 Two miles from Seigier Springs, 
 containing, six from Glenbrook and 
 eight from Lower Lake. There ai-e 
 a number of springs, containing iron, 
 soda magnesia, silicum, sulphur, etc. 
 
 HOWARD SPRINGS, Cal. 
 Lake County, two miles from 
 Seigier Springs. There are one hot 
 and two cold iron springs, one hot 
 and cold magiiesia, one cold silica, 
 one alum, one borax, one soda, hot 
 plunge baths, etc. 
 
 ANDERSON SPRINGS. 
 Lake County, nineteen miles from 
 Calistoga. The place is a small 
 canon in the midst of a forest. 
 
 PEARSON'S SPRINGS, Cal. 
 Lake County, fourteen miles from 
 Lakeport. There are five springs, 
 all cold, — soda, sulphur, soda, 
 and gas springs. 
 
 GILROY HOT SPRINGS, Cal. 
 
 Are numbers of hot springs, the 
 main one of which gives the place 
 its importance, being from 100" to 
 115" degrees temperature, and com- 
 posed of sulphur, alum, magnesia, 
 iron, iodine, and traces of arsenic. 
 The waters are used for drinking 
 and bathing. 
 
 BYRON HOT SPRINGS, Cal. 
 Contra Costa County, sixty-eight 
 miles from San Francisco. The 
 waters have been renowned for a 
 great many years among the Indians 
 and Mexicans. There are hot and 
 cold sidphur, soda, iron, and magnesia 
 springs, several of them with a tem- 
 perature of 130", and pure drinkkig 
 water from inexhaustible mountain 
 springs. The springs are kept open 
 all the year round. There is no 
 doubt that these waters possess pe- 
 culiar curative powers. 
 
 MOUNTAINS. 
 Some of the moun,tains most fre- 
 
 quently visited are Mt. Shasta, Lassea 
 Peaks, Mt. Diablo, Mt. St. Helena, 
 Mt. Hamilton, and the Santa Cruz 
 Ranges. 
 
 MT. SHASTA, Cal. 
 In Siskiyou County, is one of the 
 grandest of mountains. Rising to a 
 height of 14,440 feet from the plain, 
 the general level of which is about 
 3,500 feet above the sea, it occupies 
 a position of majestic solitude and 
 commands a view which for extent 
 has no equal. Route: Via rail to 
 Sisson's; horses and guides from 
 there. 
 
 LASSEN PEAKS, Cal. 
 
 Seventy miles south of Shasta, 
 10,577 feet high, on the Ihie 
 between Shasta and Lassen Counties. 
 Seventeen clear lakes in peaceful 
 quietude amidst the mighty rugged- 
 ness about them, flashing silvery in 
 the sun. There are a number of 
 dark, boiling pools also, one of which 
 is from seventy-five to one hundred 
 feet in length, and the roar of which 
 can be heard several miles away. 
 
 There is also the largest and most 
 remarkablegeyseronthe coast, throw- 
 ing up a fountain of scalding water 
 nearly seven feet high in a solid 
 shaft six feet in diameter, which 
 breaks and rises twenty-five or thirty 
 feet higher in broken streams, envel- 
 oping a large axea with immense 
 clouds of steam with a roar second 
 only to Niagara. 
 
 Route: Via Chico, Butte County; 
 thence by stage to Prattville, forty 
 miles. 
 
 There is plenty of game in the 
 vicinity of Lassen Buttes, from grizz- 
 lies down to doves, deer, rabbits, 
 hares, quail, etc., and at Prattville 
 plenty of good fishuig and a fiirst 
 class hotel. 
 
 MT. DIABLO, Cal. 
 An isolated peak of the Coast 
 Range, 3,856 feet high, twenty 
 miles from San Francisco. The 
 panoramic view from its summit is 
 unsurpassed, embracing as it does 
 the Sierra Nevada from Lassen Buttes 
 on the north to Mount Whitney on 
 the south, a distance of 300 miles; 
 the Coast Range from Mount St 
 
 55 
 
 3* 
 
Helena to Mount Hamilton; the 
 Sacramento, San Joaquin, Napa, 
 Sonoma and Santa Clara Valleys ; 
 half a hmidred cities and towns, 
 among' which may be mentioned San 
 Francisco, Sacramento, Stockton and 
 Petaluma. 
 
 Route: Via Martinez or Haywards; 
 thence by saddle or carriage. 
 
 MOUNT ST. HELENA, Cal. 
 Napa County, 4,343 feet high, the 
 view from the summit is very beau- 
 tiful, and takes in Sonoma, Napa, 
 Pope, Knight's and Russian River 
 Valleys. Route: Via St. Helena, 
 sixty — eight miles; thence by stage 
 twelve miles. 
 
 SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS, Cal. 
 A detached spur of the Coast Range 
 running through Santa Cruz County, 
 overlooking the Pacific Ocean, 
 thronged with campers the entire 
 summer. Their average height is 
 2,500 feet, and they offer the special 
 attraction of a healthful climate, pure 
 water, and an abimdance of fish and 
 game. 
 
 TAHVE LAKE, Cal. & Nev. 
 
 The grandest of the many lakes 
 in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 
 
 It is twenty-five miles in length 
 and in some places irom twelve to 
 foui^teen miles in width. It has a 
 depth of 1,700 feet, an altitude of 
 6,216 feet, and is surrounded by 
 mountains which tower above the 
 lake from 2,000 to nearly 5,000 feet. 
 To the right, fifteen miles away, are 
 the Rubicon Mountains, 9,284 feet 
 above the level of the sea; then Mount 
 Tallac, 9,715 feet, and Mount Ralston, 
 9,140 feet; and, farther along. Pyram- 
 id Peak,. 10,052 feet; then, on the 
 left, Monument Mountain, 10,0l3 feet, 
 and Sand Mountain, 6,839 feet; the 
 Tahoe Range lying in Nevada, Job's 
 Peak, 10,637 feet, and Genoa Peak, 
 9,135 feet, are also within this be- 
 autiful frame of noted earth giants. 
 
 Route: To Truckee, 209 miles; 
 thence by stage sixteen miles. 
 
 WEBBER LAKE. 
 Lies in the Sierra Nevada Moun- 
 tains at an alitude of 6,925 feet above 
 the level of the sea. It is about a 
 
 mile from land to land in any direction 
 across Webber, and it is about 90 
 feet in depth. The water is very 
 clear and pure; and it is the most 
 superior fishing ground of California, 
 the trout being gamy and delicious. 
 Route: To Truckee; thence by 
 stage twenty-six miles. 
 
 DONNER LAKE. 
 A beautiful sheet of water three 
 miles from Truckee, three miles long 
 and one and one-half miles wide. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE LAKE. 
 Eighteen miles from Donner Lake, 
 is two and one-half miles long and 
 by three-quarters of a mile wide, 
 and is more than 6,000 feet above 
 the level of the sea. 
 
 CLEAR LAKE. 
 
 A remarkable body of water 
 twenty-five miles long, six miles wide 
 and 1,200 feet above the sea. Many 
 small towns are situated on and ad- 
 jacent to Clear Lake, among which 
 is Lakeport, the county seat of Lake 
 County. 
 
 Route: Rail to Ukiah; thence by 
 stage. 
 
 BLUE LAKES. 
 
 Twelve miles from Lakeport, con- 
 sisting of a series of three lakes, 
 drained by one stream, are noted 
 for their pure and healthful atmo- 
 sphere and their romantic scenery. 
 
 YO SEMITE VALLEY, Cal. 
 
 Among all the natural wonders of 
 this wonderland, the great Yo Semite 
 Valley ranks first without dispute. 
 The fame of this grand temple of 
 nature has extended throughout the 
 world. This wonderful combination 
 of great cliffs, grand waterfalls, dome 
 shaped mountain peaks, parklike 
 meadows, deep umbrageous canons 
 and charming nooks, must be seen, 
 aud once seen, can never be forgotten. 
 
 There are four routes for reaching 
 the valley: The Madera road has 
 its western terminus at Madera, 185 
 miles by rail from San Francisco. 
 There are ninety-four miles of 
 staging, the general direction of the 
 road from Madera being northeast- 
 ward, and the greater part of its 
 
 56 
 
'cngth in the basJn of the Fresno 
 River. 
 
 The Y. S. & T. Go's stages start 
 from Raymond, which is 199 miles 
 by rail via Berenda from San 
 Francisco. The road is 60 miles 
 long, and is through the Mariposa 
 grove of big trees. The big Oak 
 Flat road starts from Milton (133 
 miles by rail from San Francisco), 
 and is eighty-five miles long. The 
 Mariposa wagon road from Merced 
 (l41 miles by rail from San Fran- 
 cisco), is ninety-three miles long. 
 
 The Yo Semite Valley is readily 
 reached from San Francisco or Lath- 
 rop, via Berenda or Milton stations, 
 on the Los Angeles line of the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad. The round 
 trip from San Frsncisco or Lathrop 
 to the Yo Semite Valley and return 
 to San Francisco can be made in 
 four days. This includes a visit to 
 the Mai-iposa grove of big trees, 
 either going or returning, and enables 
 the traveler to visit all the chief 
 points of interest in the valley. The 
 Yo Semite Valley is the tourists's 
 paradise of California on the Pacific 
 Coast, if uot of the world. It can 
 not be compared with Yellowstone 
 National Park, because there are few 
 points of similarity, and each is 
 peerless in its own way. No other 
 scene or series of scenes in the 
 world presents the beauty of the one, 
 or the wonderful features of the 
 other. Having seen the one, the 
 tourist shonld see the other. The 
 Yo Semite Valley is set apart as a 
 park, and is dedicated to the sight- 
 seer of the world. The points of 
 interest are El Capitan, Three 
 Brothers, Washington Column, Cathe- 
 dral Rocks. The Sentinel and Domes, 
 Bridal Veil Falls, Yo Semite Falls, 
 Mirror Lake, and Clouds' Rest. The 
 Yo Semite Falls are composed of 
 three cascades, the first being 1,500 
 feet, the second 600 feet, and the 
 last 400 feet high. In the four days' 
 trip from San Francisco or Lathrop, 
 only two days can be spent in the 
 valley, which is only time enough 
 to merely glance at the scenes of 
 interest. 
 
 BIG TREES, Gal. 
 Next in importance perhaps to the 
 
 Yoseraite come the Big Tree groves, 
 which have no parallel elsewhere in 
 the world, there are nine distinct 
 patches or groves of Big Trees : 1st, 
 Calavaras; 2d, Stanislaus; 3d, Crane 
 Flat; 4th, Mariposa; 5th, Fresno; 
 6th, Kings River; 7th, North Fork 
 Tale River; 8th, South Fork Tule 
 River ; 9 th, Santa Cruz County, some 
 of these groups contain over 600 
 trees, one tree having a diameter of 
 33 feet and being over 300 feet high. 
 There is one now standing with a 
 cavity which has been burned out 
 that can give shelter to nineteen 
 horsemen; another, the Father of 
 the Forest, was 450 feet high and 
 46 feet in diameter. A great hurricane 
 some years ago laid this mam- 
 moth low. 
 
 THE GEYSERS, Gal. 
 In Sonoma County; are very 
 interestiug; natural ho t- water baths ; 
 a fine hotel. The rail line to Cal- 
 istoga (seventy - three miles), via 
 VaUejo, Napa, St. Helena, passes 
 through one of the prettiest valleys 
 in the State. The stage line of 
 twenty-six miles from Calistoga to 
 the Geysers is through a charmmgly 
 wooded region; the Laurel, Manza- 
 nita, Madrone, and Buckeye abound. 
 Good hunting and fishing. Fare, round 
 trip, from San Francisco, $ 11,00. 
 
 ALAMEDA, Gal. 
 Alameda is visited by many San 
 Franciscans, especially on Sunda)'-s, 
 on account of its abundance of trees, 
 profusion of flowers, nice rambles in 
 open grounds, and the various places 
 of resort, including the swimming 
 baths. The baths, wich have a large 
 patronage, are on the south side of 
 the Alameda penisula. The beach 
 is a fine sand, firmly packed, and 
 has a gradual slope, the water being 
 only five and six feet deep two 
 hundred feet from the shore. 
 
 APTOS GAL. 
 This is one of the most beautiful 
 places in the State, six miles from 
 Santa Cruz, situated on a bluff over- 
 looking the ocean. Great variety of 
 scenery, numerous drives in the 
 vicinity, high cliffs of strata bearing 
 many kinds of fossil shells, plenty 
 of himting and fishing. 
 
 67 
 
CAMP CAPITOLA CAL. 
 
 This is another of California's 
 beautiful seaside resorts, lying adja- 
 cent to the Santa Cruz branch of 
 the Southern Picific Railroad, Coast 
 Division, and live miles from Santa 
 Cruz. It is destined to become one 
 of the most popular places in the 
 State, and is largely patronized by 
 parties from the interior. 
 
 CAJVIP GOODALL. CAL. 
 
 A very pretty, quiet seashore 
 retreat near Watsonville, and one 
 mile from the mouth of the Pajaro 
 River. The beach is beautifnl and 
 offers fine facilities for bathing a-nd 
 fishing. . 
 
 FRESNO. 
 
 In the center of the great San 
 Joaquin Valley, 207 miles from 
 San Francisco. This city was laid 
 out in the fall of 1872, and in the 
 spring of 1873 two or three board 
 shanties were erected, and the place 
 grew into quite a village during that 
 year. In 1874 it was made the 
 county seat, and in 1875 the present 
 beautiful courthouse was built. From 
 1873 to 1880 its growth was slow 
 but steady, the healthful outgrowth 
 of the surrounding country, most of 
 the colonies surrounding it having 
 been planted dm-iug that period. 
 Since 1885 its growth has been 
 rapid, indeed. P'or a town to 
 quadruple its population in three 
 years is very remarkable. Fresno 
 has done this and more. Her 
 population may be set down at 
 nearly or quite 10,000. 
 
 LOS ANGELES. 
 
 The "Queen City of the South", 
 482 miles from San Francisco, and 
 claims at the present time 90,000 
 inhabitants. The city is eighteen 
 miles from the sea and is six 
 miles square. There will be found 
 in Los Angeles all the luxuries 
 and conveniences of a metropolitan 
 center; the streets are models of 
 cleanliness and comfort, being paved 
 with Belgian block. The city is 
 lighted by electricity, and there are 
 electric, cable, and horse railwa3's. 
 
 Los Angeles is a relevation to any 
 visitor from the East, for one is not 
 prepared to see such magnificent 
 residences, beautiful grounds, and 
 broad, shady avenues. The summer 
 is neither oppressive nor enervating. 
 There are a few days when the 
 mercury goes above 100", but owing 
 to a peculiar quality of the at- 
 mosphere, even this high temperature 
 is not felt as the same or a less 
 degree of heat in the East. Sun- 
 strokes are unknown, save on the 
 desert. Every noon, during summer, 
 a fresh breeze from the sea breathes 
 across the country. Hydrophobia is 
 practically unknown. 
 
 Agents of the North GermanLloyd : 
 
 T. H. Duzan, Agt. Burl Route, 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 E. E. Elser, Agt. Union Pac, Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 O. W. Krause , 115 Bway, Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 E. W. McGee, Agt. Santa Fe., 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 W. Parris, Agt. Pac. Coast S. S. 
 Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 A. D. Skepard, Asst. Genl. Pass. 
 Agt. So. Pac, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 C. J. Lehtnann & Co., 213 Sprini; 
 St., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 MONTEREY 
 
 125 miles south of San Francisco, 
 reached either by boat or rail. The 
 Southern Pacific Railway has been 
 a powerful friend and helper to the 
 town. The company, in simply taking 
 advantage of the great natural re- 
 sources of Monterey, has; furnished 
 the tourist with one of the most 
 delightful resorts in the world. 
 
 Drives, walks, sea-bathing, boating, 
 and camping out are pleasures and 
 pastimes at Monterey and Pacifii 
 Grove. The new Hotel del Monte 
 is the most comfortable and magni- 
 ficent house for tourists to be found; 
 being large, and built in a grove of 
 lai-ge shade trees and flowers, it can 
 not but be pleasant and luxuriant. 
 Six miles south of here is the oM 
 VA C;.rmelo Mission Church, built b. 
 
 58 
 
Junipero Serra, who died and was 
 buried here. Monterey and its en- 
 virons are nature's own abode for 
 the tourist. 
 
 The park grounds surrounding 
 Del Monte have no equal on this 
 coast. Croquet plats, an archery 
 ground, swings, lawn tennis grounds, 
 choice flowers, shrubs, trees, beauti- 
 ful walks, and, in short, everything 
 which an experienced landscape 
 gardener's artistic eye can suggest, 
 IS being done for the improvement 
 of this favored spot, 
 
 PASADENA. 
 Resident population of over 5,000; 
 situated in the charming San Gabriel 
 Valley. , This is one of the most 
 beautiful and popular resorts in 
 Southern California. The wealth of 
 vegetation along the streets and in 
 the gardens is charmingly attractive, 
 which includes lemon, date, fan 
 palms, bananas, locust trees, persim- 
 mons, and a host of others. Faie, 
 from Los Angeles, round trip, 
 30 cents. 
 
 PESC.VDERO CAL. 
 The town is situated in San Mateo 
 County, one and one-half miles from 
 the seashore, in a beautiful valley. 
 The pebble beach is the greatest 
 attraction, being one-third of a mile 
 in length and covered to a depth of 
 eighteen inches with siliceous stones 
 of every conceivable hue and size. 
 It is reached by the Southern Pacific 
 Railroad to San Mateo, thence by 
 stage about thirty miles over a 
 delightful stretch of country, the 
 scenery of which is grand in the 
 extreme. 
 
 REDLANDS JUNCTION, Cal. 
 
 In the Santa Ana Valley on the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad. Its growth 
 has been wholly since 1887; it has 
 now about 4,000 acres of orange 
 orchads. In a decade it has devel- 
 oped from nothing into a town of 
 pavedstreets, sewerage system, lighted 
 by electricity, and adorned by 
 handsome homes. 
 
 RIVERSIDE, Cal. 
 In the Santa Ana Valley, reached 
 b^ a motor liue from Colton. The 
 
 pioneers settlers at Riverside in 
 1871. Then it was a desert. Now 
 it has 7,500 people, „Magnolia 
 Avenue" is a broad thoroughfure 
 for ten miles lined with magnolia, 
 pepper, palm and eucalyptus trees. 
 
 SACRAMENTO, Cal. 
 
 The capital of California, ninety 
 miles from San Francisco, and 
 connected with that city by several 
 lines of railway, as well as steamer 
 lines on the Sacramento River. 
 
 The climate and health of Sacra- 
 mento is unexcelled bj any other 
 section of the State. The distance 
 from the ocean enables it to escape 
 the cold, penetrating winds, while 
 it does not get the hot blasts from 
 the southern counties. The nights 
 are, with one or two exceptions in 
 the season, so cool that blankets are 
 not uncomfortable as cover. 
 
 From Sacramento the tourist, before 
 proceeding north, can pay a visit to 
 Lake Tahoe, "the enchanted lake," as 
 many term it. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 H. J. Goethe, 1011 Fourth St., 
 Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 F. E. Valentine, Agt. Santa Fe, 
 Sacramento Cal. 
 
 SALTON, Cal. 
 
 The lowest spot on the con- 
 tinent, 1851 nules from New Orleans, 
 on the Southern Pacific Ry. Remark- 
 able salt lake, thirty miles long 
 and ten miles wide. The air so 
 clear, that you look across it and 
 it seems as though the further shore 
 were not more than two miles away. 
 It is a vast marsh, fed by thousands 
 of springs that rise perhaps in the 
 far-oif mountains, and whose waters 
 are rapidly evaporated as they reach 
 the surface, leaving over the whole 
 lake a white expanse of pm-e salt 
 that sparkles like a vast rippling 
 field of ice. The salt is packed and 
 shipped on a large scale. As Nature 
 replaces the salt as rapidly as it is 
 
 fathered, the supply is inexhaustible, 
 he work is done by Cahnilla 
 Indians, who live in a little village 
 near by. 
 
 59 
 
SANTA BARBARA 
 281 miles by sea and 592 miles 
 by rail from San Francisco, and 
 contains about 10,000 people. In 
 the course of the winter it is 
 visited by thousands of tourists 
 from the East, which causes it to 
 present a more metropolitan aspect 
 than many cities five times its size. 
 During the summer months, there 
 are visitors from San Francisco and 
 the northern part of the State, so 
 that at no time in the year is Santa 
 Barbara lonesome. Horseback riding, 
 surf bathing, driving among the 
 caSons, and getting the views from 
 the foothills, or merely dreaming 
 away the hours in the calm enjoy- 
 rnent of the delicate atmosphere, the 
 visitors experience no difficulty in 
 passing the time. 
 
 SAN BERNARDINO, Col. 
 In the Santa Ana Valley, reached 
 by a motor line from Colton. San 
 Bernardino has an altitude of a 
 thousand feet. The business center 
 of the town is substantially built. 
 
 SAN BUENA VENTURA 
 
 is eighty-three miles from Los 
 Angeles, beautifully located on the 
 seashore, an old ex-Spanish town of 
 3,000 inhabitants. It is a quiet, 
 homelike place, an admirable spot 
 for a family during the vidnter. 
 There are good stores, wellpaved 
 streets, churches, schools, public 
 library, emd the finest of sea 
 bathing. 
 
 SAN DIEGO 
 
 482 miles by sea and 609 miles 
 by rail from San Francisco. 
 
 It is 127 miles from Los Angeles. 
 It was here, or near by, at "Old 
 Town", or Old San Diego, that the 
 first white settler in California 
 pitched his tent, April 11, 1769. It 
 was the advance guard of civilization 
 in the State. Padre Junipero Serra, 
 the pioneer of pioneers with men, 
 and the founder of the twenty-one 
 missions of California, made his 
 entiy in this year into San Diego 
 on foot from an overland trip from 
 Mexico, and on the 16 th of July, 
 1769, established the first mission 
 in California. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. 
 The splendid metropolis of Cali- 
 fornia and of the entire Pacific Coast 
 of America, though less than forty 
 years old as a city, has a population 
 to-day of nearly 400,000, with a 
 commerce reachmg out through its 
 Golden Gate to all the nations of 
 the earth, with roads of steel stretch- 
 ing away to the east, south, and 
 north, and connecting it by a few 
 days' travel with every part of the 
 broad continent; with great manu- 
 factories and markets for the sale 
 and exchange of the fabrics and 
 products of the civilized globe, and 
 with the bright prospect of a gfowth 
 and development which will bring 
 it in a few more years to a rank 
 among the great cities of the world. 
 San Francisco is situated on the 
 noble bay which bears its name, a 
 bay which extends north and south 
 for sixty miles, with a width of from 
 lour to six miles in the vicinity of 
 the city, and forming a great inland 
 sea. The ground for several blocks 
 along the city front is "made ground", 
 made from cutting down the sand 
 hills in the eeirly building of the 
 city. Telegraph, Russian, Clay streets, 
 and California Street ("Nob" Hill) 
 will be noticed on the right, as the 
 visitor approaches the city by ferry 
 from the Oakland Pier. On the left, 
 and more distant, he will see the 
 outlines of the Mission Hills, and, 
 by looking between these and nearly 
 on a line with a huge bulk of the 
 Palace Hotel, he sees m the distance 
 the "Twin Peaks". Market Street, 
 the great thouroughfare, starts from 
 the landing place, from the ferry 
 steamer, and stretches southwest 
 direct toward these prominent land- 
 marks. The climate of San Francisco 
 is very equable, the temperature 
 averagmg about 66° the year round, 
 seldom going above 85" in summer 
 or below 40° in winter. The trade 
 winds, which blow during the sum- 
 mer months from the broad Pacific, 
 usually commence about 11,00 a. m., 
 and keep the temperature at a refresh- 
 ing state of coolness, making San 
 Francisco a most desirable summer 
 resort; while the winter, or "wet 
 season", extending from October to 
 April, corresponds to spring months 
 
 60 
 
iu the Eastern, and Middle States, 
 with occasional rainy days, but often 
 with weeks at a time of warm, bright, 
 simshiny days, the most perfect 
 weather which can be imagined, 
 with all the hills fresh and green, 
 and in March, April, and May covered 
 with the greatest profusion of wild 
 flowers. Visitors who come from 
 the Eastern States, should remember 
 that they will need warm, heavy 
 clothing here in summer as well as 
 winter, as in summer the temperature 
 in the morning up to eleven o'clock 
 will often rise to 80 " or 85 ", and 
 drop to 60° or 65° when the trade 
 winds begin to blow. 
 
 The street-car system is unex- 
 celled. A gxeat many miles of cable- 
 roads are in operation, traversing 
 all parts of the city, climbing the 
 steep hills, affording the residents 
 of the hilly sections easy and cheap 
 commimication with the business 
 parts. A trip over the cable-roads 
 affords the finest views which can 
 be obtained of the city, bay, and 
 surrounding country, and is a pleas- 
 ure trip indeed. The Market Street 
 cable system extends to the famous 
 Cliff House, Ocean Beach, and Sutro 
 Heights, through the beautiful Golden 
 Gate Park. The California Street 
 cable-road runs up California Street 
 
 (or "Nob" Hill), where are situated 
 magnificent residences. The United 
 States Mint is on Fifth Street, near 
 Market,' and is the largest mint in 
 the world. The spendid plant of 
 the Union Iron Works at the Potrero 
 is well worth a visit and inspection, 
 it being fully equal in all its ap- 
 pointments to any of the great ship- 
 yards or iron works in the East, or 
 on the Clyde, in Scotland. 
 
 Hotels: "The Palace", "The Grand" 
 located on Market Street. "The 
 Baldwin Hotel", "The Lick", "the 
 Grand" and the "Occidental". 
 
 The Streets. The visitor lands in 
 San Francisco at the foot of Market 
 Street, which runs about southwest 
 and northeast, and divides the two 
 main systems of streets. The others 
 cross at right angles, and are num- 
 bered from the water front westward, 
 or from Market Street, 100 numbers 
 being assigned to each block. 
 
 Telegraph Hill is in the north- 
 eastern part of the city, reached by 
 the North Beach and Hill Street 
 railroads, and from it may be had a 
 fine view ol San Francisco Bay 
 and many points of interest. The 
 best time to visit the Hill is about 
 9,00 a. m. on a clear morning. The 
 following are the directions and 
 distances of various points: 
 
 Distance. Direction. 
 The Farallones 35 miles W. 
 
 Point Bonita Lighthouse .... 6V2 
 
 Alcatraz IV2 
 
 Yerba Buena Island 2^/2 
 
 Saucelito 5 
 
 Red Roek , 9 
 
 Two Brothers 11 
 
 Two Sisters 13 
 
 Port Point W 
 
 Oakland 7 
 
 Monte Diablo 29 
 
 Tamalpais 12 
 
 Tamalpais now has a railway 
 running from Eastland to the Summit, 
 a distance of eight miles, 71/2 per 
 cent grade. 
 
 Monte Diablo and Tamalpais are 
 the two most prominent peaks visible 
 from the hill. 
 
 Nob Hill is reached by a ride of 
 less than five minutes from Kearney 
 Street by the California Street cable 
 cars. Here you may see the costlj'' 
 
 Nearly West, 
 
 NNW. ■ 
 
 E. 
 
 NW. 
 
 N. 
 
 N. 
 
 N. 
 
 W. 
 
 E. 
 
 NNE. 
 
 NW. 
 residences of Stanford, Flood, Hun- 
 tington, Crocker, Towne, et. al. 
 
 Public Libraries. — San Fran- 
 cisco has seven public libraries, with 
 over 250,000 volumes in the ag- 
 gregate. The principal of these 
 are the Free, in City Hall: the Law; 
 the Mercantile, Van Ness Avenue; 
 the Mechanics', 31 Post Street; the 
 Odd Fellows', corner Seventh and 
 Market streets; the San Francisco 
 
 61 
 
Verein, and the French. The Mer- 
 cantile and the Free libraries are 
 among the largest, having respec- 
 tively over 55,000 and 60,000 
 volumes. 
 
 Golden Gate Park. — San Fran- 
 cisco has several public parks, the 
 largest of which is the Golden Gate 
 Park,! three miles long and half a 
 mile wide, containing 1,013 acres, 
 extending from Stanyan Street to 
 the ocean. From $900,000 to 
 $ 1,000,000 has been spent in its 
 improvement during the last fifteen 
 years. The site of this Park, which 
 m 1874 was nothing but bare 
 sandhills, has been transfonned into 
 one of the notable parks of America. 
 Its attractions are now perfect roads 
 for driving and cycling; beautiful 
 landscape gardening, a choicely 
 stocked conservatory, rustic arbors, 
 etc. — Military Band plays after- 
 noons of Saturdays, Sundays, and 
 holidays. Grand views of distant 
 mountains, the Pacific Ocean, City 
 and Bay of San Francisco. Drive 
 out on Golden Gate Avenue, 
 or by the Haight Street cable cars. 
 Fare, 5 cents. 
 
 Presidio Reservation fronts on 
 the Golden Gate for two miles on 
 each side of Fort Point, which is 
 situated at the naiTOwest portion of 
 the Golden Gate. It has several 
 miles of beautiful drives, is owned 
 by the General Government, and its 
 ban-acks have the largest military 
 force on the western slope of the 
 United States. Drive via Montgomery 
 and Union streets, 4 miles to Presidio, 
 51/2 miles to Fort Point, Or take 
 Union Street cable cars. 
 
 Cliff House, Seal Rocks, and 
 Sutro Heights are situated at Point 
 Lobos, or the South Head at the 
 entrance of the Golden Gate, and 
 are among the chief attractions and 
 famous places of California. From 
 the balcony of the hotel, which 
 overhangs the cliff, hundreds of 
 seals, or sea lions, may be seen in 
 the water or climbing over the rocks; 
 whUe still higher up the cliff behind 
 you are Sutro Heights, or the private 
 garden of Adolph Sutro. South 
 Irom this point, for three miles, is a 
 beautiful beach, affording a fine 
 drive at low tide. Tickets of admis- 
 
 sion to Sutro Heights are issued at 
 the Cliff House free of cost to 
 strangers. There are several ways 
 of reaching the Cliff House, but the 
 most scenic is the Powell Street line 
 skirting along the Cliils overlooking 
 the ocean. Another way. is by the 
 route mentioned via Golden Gate 
 Park and the Park & Ocean Rail- 
 road; or drive via Golden Gate Park 
 and return along the beach, at ebb 
 tide; and by Mission Road, fine city 
 views; or by Point Lobos Avenue, 
 good bay views; and Gearys Street. 
 
 Cemeteries. — Laurel Hill Catho- 
 lic aud Odd Fellows' Cemeteries 
 may be reached by Geary Street 
 cable cars or Sutter Street cable 
 line; the Masonic Cemetery by the 
 McAllister Street cable line. Fare, 
 5 cents. 
 
 The Post Office, Custom House, 
 and Appraiser's Building are in 
 Washington St., between Semsome 
 and Battery streets. 
 
 Mint. — The United States Mint 
 is situated at the comer of Fifth 
 and Mission streets. Special attention 
 to visitors 9,00 A. M. to 3,00 P. M. 
 
 New City Hall on Park Avenue, 
 McAllister, and Larkin streets, is 
 not yet completed. Over $ 3,000,000 
 has been expended on it, and the 
 entire cost of the structure is es- 
 timated at $4,500,000. 
 
 Markets for fruit, flowers, fish, game, 
 and other produce are in the neigh- 
 borhood of the Post Offiice — the 
 "California Market," on California 
 below Kearney; the "Central Mai-ket," 
 corner of Dupont and Sutter. Visit 
 early in morning. Semi - tropical 
 fi-uits and flowers all the year round. 
 
 Theaters, Etc. — The Baldwin, 
 corner Market and Powell streets; 
 the New California, Bush, above 
 Kearney: the Bush Street, on Bush, 
 above Montgomery; the Grand Opera 
 House, on Mission, between Third 
 and Fom-th; the Alcazar, on O'Farrell, 
 between Stockton and Powell; Tivoli 
 Opera House, on Eddy, above Powell, 
 near the Baldwin Hotel; Columbia 
 Theater, on Powell, opposite the 
 Baldwin Hotel. 
 
 The Finest Buildings and Business 
 Localities. — Banks, Isurance Com- 
 panies, Stock Exchange, Merchants' 
 Exchange ai-e located m Montgomery 
 
 62 
 
and Sansome, Pine and California, 
 and Market streets; the Palace Hotel 
 occupies three acres of land on New 
 Montgomery and Market streets; the 
 Baldwin Hotel and Theater, corner 
 of Powell and Market streets; the 
 California Hotel and Theater, on 
 Bush street near Kearney Steet; the 
 Lick House, Occidental and Russ, on 
 Montgomery; the Chronicle Building 
 will also be noticed; the Crocker 
 Building opposite Palace Hotel, and 
 the Mills Building on Montgomery; 
 the Parrott and Sprcckels buildings 
 on Market Street, recently erected, 
 are very fine and merit attention. 
 
 Mission Dolores. — Built ia 1776, 
 one of the old Spanish landmarks. 
 Sixteenth and Dolores streets. 
 
 Chzirches. — There are 120 church 
 organizations in San Francisco, all 
 of which have houses of worship in 
 different parts of the city. 
 
 Schools. — There are two high 
 schools, one public commercial, 
 sixteen grammar, upward of thirfy 
 primary, and niue unithig both gi-am- 
 mar and primary grades. There are 
 about one hundxed private schools 
 in the city, over 72,000 children bet- 
 ween the ages of five and seventeen 
 years, and 800 public schoolteachers. 
 San Francisco is the third city in 
 the Union in the number of children 
 taught in kindergartens. 
 
 Newspapers. — As a class, the 
 newspapers of California have become 
 distinguished for their intelligent 
 treatment of local industries and 
 commerce, and they have exerted 
 great iafluence on the development 
 of California's resources and for the 
 promotion of the cause of popular 
 education. The value of the news- 
 paper and literary business amounts 
 to over $4,000,000 annually. There 
 are about eighty daily newspapers 
 ia California, with a circulation of 
 upward of 250,000 copies, of which 
 San Francisco furnishes over 180,000 
 from fourteen publications. The 
 demands of the people regarding the 
 current news of the day are intelli- 
 gently supplied. 
 
 General Information. San Fran- 
 cisco Post Office, Washington and 
 Battery streets. 
 
 MEiin post office general delivery 
 is open from 7.30 A. M. to 6.00 P. M. 
 
 every day ,'Sun days excepted. Sundays 
 from 1.00 to 2.00 P. M. 
 
 Post Office Station "A" — Polk 
 and Austin streets. 
 
 Post Office Station "B" — Eighth 
 and Mission streets. 
 
 Post Office Station "C" — Twentieth 
 and Mission streets. 
 Post Office Station "D" Foot of 
 Market Street, at ferries. 
 
 Post Office Station "K" — 30 New 
 Montgomery Street. 
 
 Hack fares: One person not more 
 than one mile, $ 1.50; two or more 
 persons, % 2.50; four or less, by the 
 hour — first hour, $3.00; each sub- 
 sequent hour, $ 2.00. 
 
 Cab fares: One person not more 
 than one mile $ 1.00; two or more 
 persons, by the hour — first hour, 
 $ 1.50; each subsequent hour, $ 1,00. 
 
 N. B. — Dress warmly in San 
 Francisco, or else carry overcoat or 
 wraps, especially after nightfall. Cool 
 sea breezes come without warning. 
 
 POINTS OF INTEREST. 
 
 Academy . of Sciences. Market 
 and Fourth streets. 
 
 Hopkins Art Institute. California 
 and Mason streets. 
 
 Fire Patrol. Drill daily at 12 M. 
 sharp. 106 and 108 Jessie Street, 
 near Place Hotel. 
 
 Nataiorium. Lurline Salt Water 
 Baths, Bush and Larkin streets. 
 
 United States Land Office. 610 
 Commercial Street. 
 
 State Boards, Viticulture, 101 
 Sansome Street; .horticulture, 220 
 Sutter Street; Agricultnre, Sacra- 
 mento City: Trade and Exhibit of 
 Products, 575 Market Street. 
 
 State Mining Bureau. Pioneer 
 Hall, Fourth Street near Market. 
 
 Merchants' Exchange. California 
 Street, between Montgomery and 
 Sansome. 
 
 San Francisco Chamber of Com. - 
 merce. Merchants' Exchange, Cali- 
 fornia Street. 
 
 San Francisco Board of Trade. 
 Union Block, 202 Market Street. 
 
 Libraries. The People's Free 
 Library, New City Hall; The 
 Mechanics' Library, 31 Post Street; 
 The Odd Fellows' Library, Market 
 and Seventh; The Geographical 
 Society of the Pacific, 5i3 Post; 
 
 63 
 
The San Francisco Art Association, 
 4:50 Pine; The Mercantile Libieiry, 
 Fomth Street, beween Market and 
 Mission. 
 
 Wells-Fargo Express. New Mont- 
 gomery, near Palace Hotel. 
 
 Western Union Telegraph. Main 
 Office, N. E. comer Montgomery 
 and Pine. 
 
 Pacific Postal Telegraph. Main 
 Office, 534 Market Street. 
 
 Te egraph Hill. Take Montgomery 
 and North Beach street cars at base 
 of hill. Elevation 294 feet. Fine 
 view of the city. 
 
 San Francisco Stock Exchange. 
 Pine Street, between Montgomery 
 and Sansome. 
 
 Chinatown. Joss houses, theaters, 
 restaurants, curio shops, etc., west 
 of Kearney and north of California 
 streets. Population ab ut 30,000. 
 Can safely be visited. For night 
 visit and inspection of the opium 
 and gambling dens, underground 
 haunts, etc., a reliable guide is 
 necessary. 
 
 Chinatown proper — that is, the 
 portion of the city occupied almost 
 exclusively hy Chinamen — extends 
 from Stockton Street almost to the 
 border of Kearney, and from Sacra- 
 mento to Pacific streets, including 
 aU the lanes and alleys that lie 
 between. The most densely populated 
 portion of the quarter is the block 
 on Dupont Street, which is bounded 
 by Jackson and Pacific. 
 
 Joss Hozises. Of the six principal 
 joss houses in San Francisco, one 
 belonging to the Hop Wo Company 
 is located at 751 Clay Street; one 
 belonging to the Ning Wong Com- 
 pany at 230 Montgomery Avenue; 
 one is at 35 Wavei^y Place; one at 
 512 Pine Street (the Kong Chow); 
 one is situated in a lane on the north 
 side of Sacramento Street, thi-ee 
 doors below Stockton, and one on 
 Jackson Street, between Stockton 
 and Dupont. 
 
 Chinese Theaters. San Francisco 
 has two Chinese theaters — the only 
 ones in America — one at 629 Jack- 
 son, the other 816 Washington 
 Street. The charge for admission 
 is 25 cents for Chinamen and 50 
 cents for white persons. The per- 
 formace runs from 4,30 till 12,00P.M. 
 
 but the white visitor can see enough 
 between 8,00 and 10,00 o'clock to 
 satisfy his curiosity. 
 
 No Eastern visitor's education is 
 complete till he has visited Chinatown. 
 It can safely be visited by ladies in 
 the daytime; for night visit and 
 inspection of the opium and gam- 
 bling dens, underground haunts, etc., 
 a reliable guide is necessary and 
 can be engaged at the Occidental or 
 Palace hotels. 
 
 AROUND SAN FRANCISCO. 
 San Francisco is and should be 
 made the center from which to visit 
 all the tourist resorts of California. 
 It is an interesting city of itself.-and 
 will employ the time of the visitor 
 profitably and agreeably for days. 
 Its sail-flecked bay and the Golden 
 Gate are a chapter of pleasing sights 
 varied in aspect by the movements 
 of the multitude of vessels floating 
 the flags of all nations. 
 
 Among its many attractions the 
 tourist must not neglect visiting the 
 famous Cliff House, which commands 
 a view of the Seal Rocks and the 
 Golden Gate. The drive out to the 
 Cliff House, through the military 
 post of presidio and back through 
 the park, is one of the finest drives 
 in the world. Excursions across its 
 shining surface to the ocean, to San 
 Rafael, etc., are enjoyable and fre- 
 quent. From San Rafael the journey 
 may be continued northward to Santa 
 Rosa, Tomales, the Geysers, Clover- 
 dale, and Clear Lake, passing on the 
 return the Petrified Forest, Calistoga, 
 St. Helena, Napa, and Vallejo. Oak- 
 land, the suburban city, in which 
 reside many of the richest citizens 
 of San Francisco, Mount Diablo, 
 the Sacramento River, Sacramento, 
 Marysville, and Mount Shasta, may 
 all be visited at slight expense. South- 
 ward lie Santa Clara, Pescadero, San 
 Jose, Gihoy Springs, Pajaro, Santa 
 Cruz, and Monterey, each charming 
 in its own way. 
 
 Oakland is peculiarly happy in its 
 location. It lies opposite the pen- 
 insula of San Francisco, and shelt- 
 ered by its high hills and the inter- 
 vening bay and islands from the 
 coast winds and fogs. It has a long 
 western frontage upon the beaulifiU 
 
 ^ 
 
SAN FRANCISCO, 
 
Haj^ of San Francisco, its northern 
 limits directly facing the Golden 
 Gate; with a southern frontage upon 
 the Estuciry and San Antonio Creek, 
 now being deepened by the General 
 Government for harbor piu'poses. 
 
 The slope upon which it lies is 
 steep enough to insure good drain- 
 age, without interfering with the 
 regularity of the streets. The soil 
 is rich, and the circling line of the 
 Contra Costa Hills lies so closely 
 behind, upon the north, that it is 
 sheltered alike from the cold winds 
 of winter and the torrid heat of 
 summer, which constitutes the chief 
 drawback in some of the interior 
 counties. 
 
 Only seven miles from San Fran- 
 cisco, there is }''et an almost enth-e 
 freedom from the damp, chilly winds 
 and drifting fogs of the western 
 shore. The landlocked natirre of the 
 location accounts for this, the ordin- 
 ary currents of an- being simply the 
 gentle breeze that blows in from the 
 salt watei during the day, and the 
 off shore breeze at night. 
 
 Berkeley, four and a half miles 
 north of Oakland, is the seat of the 
 State University. Steam cars (fare, 
 10 cents) from the feriy landing, 
 and horse cars (fare, 10 cents) every 
 hour from Broadway, Oakland. The 
 carriage drive is line. The elevation 
 of the site of the University is about 
 400 feet above the sea, with a com- 
 manding outlook to the west. The 
 walks through the grounds, which 
 embrace 200 acres, aie delightful, 
 and the interest is augmented by 
 the many foreign trees, shrubs, and 
 vines, as well as all the domestic 
 vai-ieties, making an extensive botan- 
 ical garden, which are cultivated 
 here. 
 
 The facilities for crossing the bay 
 to Alameda, Oakland, and Berkeley, 
 those charming envu-ons of San Fran- 
 cisco, are most excellent. Two ferry 
 lines operated by the Southern Pacific 
 Company run their fine steamers 
 alternately with one another, affor- 
 ding a trip every fifteen minutes 
 during the day and every half hour 
 at night. The steamers connect with 
 trains on the opposite side. The 
 fare for steamer and train is 15 
 cents, or 25 cents for round trip. 
 
 The service is thourdughly first- 
 class, and is probably not excelled 
 by any like sei^vice in the world. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Robt Capelle, General Pacific Coast 
 Agent, 118 Montgomerj' St., San 
 Franeisco, Cal. 
 
 Geo W. Fletcher, Union Pac, 
 613 Market, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 / F. Fugasi & Co., 5 Mont- 
 gomery Ave., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 D. W. HUchkock, Union Pac, 
 1 Montgomery St.. San Francisco. Cal. 
 
 Clinton Jones, Agt. C. R. & Pac.> 
 30 Montgomery St., San Francisco, 
 Cal. 
 
 6". H. Perkins, Agt. Santa Fe, 
 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 R. R. Ritchie, Agt. Chic. & N. W. 
 Ry., 2 New -Montgomery St., San 
 Francisco, Cal. 
 
 W. H. Snedaker, Agt. D. R. G. 
 Ry. , 14 Montgomery Ave., San 
 Francisco, Cal. 
 
 F. H. Staieler, Agt. North. Pac, 
 638 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 M. M. Siern, Agt. Can. Pac, 
 Cronicle Bldg., San Francisco. Cal. 
 
 R. P. Schwerin, Genl. Mgr. Pac. 
 Mail, Room 74 Union Trust Bldg. 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Thos. Cook & Sou, 621 Market St., 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 SAN JOSE. 
 
 A lovely city of 20,000 population, 
 forty -seven miles south of San 
 Francisco and frequented on ac- 
 count of its delightful climate. 
 
 Se%'en miles distant, in the pic- 
 tiuresque canon of Alum Rock, the 
 city owns 400 acres, and one of the 
 most beautiful di'ives in the country 
 connects the reservation with the 
 to\vn. 
 
 The institution that more than all 
 others is making San Jose's name 
 known abroad, is the great Lick 
 Observatory, on Mount Hamilton, 
 twenty-six miles from the city by 
 an excellent road, and via the Mount 
 Hamilton Stage Company which rtins 
 
 m 
 
elegant six-horse obsen^ation coaches, 
 ana has its general office at Wells, 
 Fargo & Co.'s. 
 
 San RAFAEL, Cal. 
 The chief town of Marin county, i 
 a beautiful place near the north- 
 eastern base of Mt. Tamalpais, fifteen 
 miles from San Francisco, can be 
 reached by boat and rail, either by 
 way of Sausalito or Tiburon. Being 
 sheltered by the mountains, it has 
 little wind or fog, and has charming 
 natural scenery as well as many 
 elegant dwellings and gardens. The 
 drives in the vicinity of the town 
 are very romantic, especially on the 
 roads to Ross Valley, Nicasio, White's 
 Hill, and the Lagunitas reservoir. 
 San Rafael was the site of a Francis- 
 can mission, established ' in 1817 to 
 convert the Indians. The mission 
 buildings have now disappeared. 
 
 SANTA CATALINA, Cal. 
 An island 19 miles off the Coast 
 
 of California, about thirty miles 
 distant, to the south of San Pedro 
 harbor not far from Los Angeles. 
 This island is twenty three miles 
 long and from half a mile to eight 
 miles large. Its hills rise to a 
 height of 3,000 feet. It is owned 
 by private capitalists of Los Angeles 
 and is one of the best known resorts 
 on the Pacific coast. 
 
 SANTA CRUZ. 
 Eighty miles. Sea Beach Hotel. A 
 city of 6,000 population, nicely situa- 
 ted on the bay of Monterey. Avery 
 popular summer resort; fine bathing 
 and fishing. A beautiful mountain 
 drive may be made six mil* to the 
 Big Trees. Fare, $ 2.80 one way; 
 round trip, Friday to Monday, $ 4.50. 
 
 STOCKTON, Cal. 
 A flourishing town of about 22,000 
 inhab. on the San Yoaquin River, 
 48 miles from Sacramento. State 
 Insane Asylum. 
 
 ^^ 
 
THE UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM. 
 
 1 his great national highway, forming a part of the first trans- 
 continental railroad from ocean to ocean, was conceived, and its 
 construction authorized, as a war measure, the needs of the Government 
 during the War of the Rebellion having clearly shown the necessity 
 for it. When first talked of, many thought the feat of constructing a 
 line of railroad over the Rocky Mountains an utter impossibility. The 
 route, as projected along the old emigrant wagon trail through 
 Nebraska to Ogden, in Utah, gave rise to grave discussion to its 
 feasibility, and many who had crossed the plains, desert, and mountains 
 to California in '49 and '50 knew very well a railroad could not be 
 buUt there, for, "How could a locomotive ascent a mountain where 
 six yoke of oxen could scarcely haul a wagon?" 
 
 There are people who challenge your admiration, and among 
 them is the civil engineer. He climed the mountains thought 
 impassable, and upon May 10th, 1869, the last spike connecting the 
 Bast with the West was driven at Promontory, just beyond Ogden, 
 since which time the Union Pacific has become known throughout the 
 world for the excellence of its roadbed, the completeness of its service, 
 and the shortness of its line connecting the two oceans. 
 
 Crossing the Missouri River from Council Bluffs, in Iowa over 
 a magnificient double track steel bridge of 11 spans, 75 feet above the 
 water, each span 250 feet long, and which was changed from a wooden 
 structure originally connecting Iowa and Nebraska, to the present link 
 uniting the two great States, without interfering with the running of 
 a single train, Omaha is reached the metropolis of the "Antelope 
 
 66a 
 
State". A city of 140,000 people, Omaha shows what Western push 
 and energy will do in a quarter of a century, the population in 1880 
 being 30,315. There are many points of interest in and about Omaha, 
 which lies on the west bank of the Missouri. 
 
 Fremont, forty seven miles west of Omaha, is rapidly passed 
 on the transcontinental journey. Columbus, Grand Island, Kearney, 
 and North Platte are rapidly left behind. At Julesburg a profitable 
 side trip may be made in a visit to Denver and its beautiful 
 environments. 
 
 Denver is the social and commercial center, not alone of 
 Colorado, but also of the outlying states, and is called the "Queen 
 City of the Plains". Its elevation is 5,170 feet above the sea-level. 
 It is the gate of the mineral and scenic phenomena that have made 
 the Rocky Mountains famous ? 
 
 From Denver there is an unbroken view of the Rocky Mountains 
 for nearly 300 miles, reaching from beyond Long's Peak on the north 
 to the historical summit of Pike's Peak on the south. This lovely 
 mountain view is an every day afifair to the citizens of Denver, but 
 nowhere in the world can' its beauty and grandeur be surpassed. 
 
 From Denver an innumerable number of trips may be taken and 
 they will embrace in their extent the grandest scenery in Colorado, 
 whether of mountain height, picturesque canon or beautiful valley, 
 The points named are easy of access, and the train service of the 
 Union Pacific and its Colorado connections unsurpassed. 
 
 Continuing the trip to the Pacific, Cheyenne is the next town 
 of any importance after leaving Omaha. It is well and compactly 
 built, and for many years has been the center of the cattle industry 
 of the north. Leaving Cheyenne the train climbs a grade of 2,000 feet 
 in thirty three miles to Shermann, 8,247 feet above the sea-level, and 
 the highest point of the transcontinental ride between the Missouri 
 River and San Francisco. 
 
 Just beyond Sherman is Dale Creek Bridge, one of the most 
 remarkable sights of the overland trip. The structure is of iron and 
 stretches from bluff to bluff with a 650 foot span. The train passes 
 over it just 127 feet above the creek, which looks like a mere revulet. 
 
 Laramie, often called the "Gem City of the Rockies", has an 
 elevation of 7,149 feet, and is one of the principal towns on the main 
 line of the Union Pacific syslem between Council Bluffs and Ogden. 
 
 From Green River the trip across the continent to San 
 Francisco is continued. After passing Granger, the last town of 
 
 66b 
 
importance in "Wyoming, Evanston is reached. At Wasatch Station 
 the road enters Echo Canon. Echo Creek, which runs through the 
 canon is crossed thirty one times in twenty six miles. Three and a half 
 miles west of Wasatch the train runs into a tunnel 900 feet long. 
 
 Ogden is the western termini of the Union Pacific. It has an 
 elevation of 4,301 feet ahove sea- level, and a population of 17,000. 
 
 At Ogden the west-bound tourist finds himself transferred to 
 what is familiarly inown as "The Central Pacific", officially designated 
 however, as "The Ogden Route" of the Southern Pacific Company. 
 
 66 c 
 
COLORADO. 
 
 Colorado is a Spanish word, sig- 
 nifying "red" or "colored." It 
 formed a part of the Louisana 
 purchase in 1803, and on its organiza- 
 tion as a Territory in Febi-uary, 1861, 
 it was made up of parts of Kansas, 
 Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico. 
 Vasquez de Coronado was probably 
 the first white explorer to reach this 
 section in 1540; in later years 
 Captain Pike headed a party in 1806, 
 Colonel Long in 182o, and Fremont 
 in 1842-4. Colorado has an area 
 of 104,000 square miles, and is 38o 
 miles in length and 280 miles wide; 
 ranks first in silver and fourth in 
 gold, and in mineral productions is 
 accounted the richest of the States. 
 It was admitted to the Union August 
 1, 1876, and is known as the 
 "Centennial State." 
 
 CEDAR POINT, Col. 
 104 miles from Denver, the highest 
 point on the U. P. line, 5,695 feet 
 above the level of the sea. 
 
 FIRST VIEW, Col. 
 166 miles from Denver; elevation 
 4561 feet. Derives its name from the 
 fact, that if the sky be clear, pas- 
 sengers from the East, obtain their 
 first view of the Rocky Mountains, 
 184 miles distant from their base. 
 
 HUGO, Col. 
 Station of the U. P. R. R., 104 
 miles from Denver; elevation 5,027; 
 named for Mr. Hugo Richai^ds, a 
 Colorado pioneer. 
 
 KIT C.\RSON, Col. 
 
 Named for the famous trapper 
 and guide of that name, and some- 
 what noted as being the place where 
 the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia 
 tarried to hmit buffalo, in January, 
 1872. It was a big hmit, and it is 
 said that the Duke killed 40 of the 
 noble animals. 
 
 On the Big Sandy River, near the 
 junstion of Horse Creek. 
 
 MIRAGE, Col. 
 A small station of the Union 
 Pacific R. R., 39 miles from Kit 
 Carson; deriving its name from the 
 curious phenomenon, the mirage 
 (mirazh), which has often been 
 witnessed in this vicinity. 
 
 DENVER, Col. 
 
 The Capital of the State of Colo- 
 rado and its commercial center. It 
 has a population of 107,000. The 
 first settlement was made in 1858, 
 when 200 citizens elected a delegate 
 and moimted him on the back of a 
 broncho and started him for Wash- 
 ington, to get the "Pike's Peak Gold 
 Mines" set apai-t from Kansas as a 
 separate territory. 
 
 To-day its citizens can travel to 
 the East in six different palace car 
 lines via the Missouri River £ind one 
 via Fort Worth and the Gulf of 
 Mexico. 
 
 The traveler arrives in Denver at 
 the Union Depot, a spacious stone 
 structure, 503 feet in length by 65 fi. 
 in width. 
 
 t>7 
 
The principal hotels are : the Albany, 
 Windsor, American, Metropole and 
 St. James, Charges, from $ 3,00-5,00 
 per day. 
 
 There are scores of Restaurants, 
 from 5 cent lunch counters, to 
 palaces. The street car system is 
 very complete, starting from the 
 southern entrance of the Depot. 
 Public carriages can always be hired 
 near the hotels and the Depot, also 
 the Transfer Go's' Busses and wagons. 
 
 Denver has smelting works and 
 manufactories of all kinds. It has 
 public buildings, cathedrals, churches 
 and schools, imsurpassed in any 
 eastern city of double its age. It 
 has the finest opera house and well- 
 appointed hotels. Its artesian water 
 supply has no equal in the world, 
 bemg taken by over 300 wells from 
 380 to 1,160 feet beneath the city, 
 and is as pure as cr3'stal. 
 
 Denver is the seat of Arapahoe 
 county, 14 miles east in a direct 
 line, from the base of the Rocky 
 mountains, at the junction of the 
 South Platte river and Cherry creek; 
 elevation 5,224 feet above sea level. 
 It is a city of brick and stone, 
 almost exclusively. In many of the 
 large business blocks (several eight 
 stories in height) iron is used, and 
 the buildings are very costly and 
 substantial, and provided with all 
 the modern improvements. 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce and 
 Board of trade building is situated 
 on the corner of Lawrence and 
 Fourteenth streets. 
 
 The Alpine view from Denver, of 
 the great Rocky mountain chain, 
 extending north and south for 200 
 miles with Long's peak to the north, 
 Pike's peak to the south, and the 
 "dome of the continent," Gray's 
 peak, in the center is most exquisite! 
 Supplement the picture with the 
 beautiful buttes, foot-hills and the 
 rolling prairies, 600 miles wide to 
 the eastward, and the magnificent 
 landscape is complete. 
 
 As a distribuling point, its central 
 location must ever command the 
 trade and traffic of the numerous 
 mining and agricultural towns, both 
 in the mountains and valleys. Its 
 wonderful, almost unlimited railroad 
 <iil\auui^cs, is another miirvcl. 
 
 Denver, to-day, is f e terminus o/ 
 more railroads, with but two excep- 
 tions, than any city, town or village 
 in the world. Sixteen is the 
 number now, to which can be added 
 within the next 18 months, two 
 more. These 16 railroads are all 
 separate and distinct organizations, 
 running regular trains. 
 
 The newspapers and miscellaneous 
 publications number 33. Denver 
 may confidently be looked forward 
 to as the literary center of the Rocky 
 Mountain region as well as its 
 metropolis. 
 
 Fine view from the roof of the 
 Equitable Building. West, the Rocky 
 Mts. from Long's Peak in the north, 
 to Pike's Peak in the south. Torrey's 
 Peak and Mt. Evans are in full view. 
 At your feet, the city with the new 
 State Capitol and the charming 
 residence quarters on Capitol Hill. 
 The Cable car mns tkrough 17 th St. 
 and 17 th Avenue to City Park. 
 Corner of 17 th St. and Glenarm St., 
 is the Denver Club. The Central 
 Presbyterian Church is Cor. 17 th 
 St. and Sher^Tian Avenue. Other 
 edifices wo: h visiting are; the 
 Cotmty Court House, Custom Hotise 
 and Post Office. A visit to the 
 U. S. Branch Mint, 16 th Street, is 
 interesting. Among the city's ed- 
 ifices and institutions are: the 
 Denver High School, on Stout St., 
 between l9th and 20 th Streets; 
 City Hall, Cor. 14 th and Larimer 
 Sts., the Mining Exchange, Cor. 
 15 th and Araphoe Sts. the Chamber 
 of Cotnmerce with the Mercantile 
 Library, Cor. 14 th and Lawrence 
 Sts. the Presbyterian College, Mont- 
 clair; the Tabor Opera House 
 Block, Cor. 16th and Larimer; the 
 Broadway Theater, Cor. 18 th St. 
 and Broadway; The Bijou, Curtis 
 St. Trinity Chtirch, Broadway and 
 18th St. St. Mary's Cathedral (Rom. 
 Cath.) on Stout St., between 15 th 
 and 16th Streets; Wesitninster Un- 
 iversity of Colorado; the College 
 of the Sacred Heart, Corner College 
 and Homer Avenues. 
 
 In Montclair, is a Museum of Art, 
 
 j containing a Collection of Pictures 
 
 etc. The Smelting Works are worth 
 
 visiting, e. g. The Colorado & Boston 
 
 in Argo; Omaha Sc Grant in LaviinQr 
 
68 a 
 
St. or the Globe, all in the north of 
 the city. By cable or electric car, 
 EH/ch's Zoological Garden (Admis- 
 sion 25 cents) Berkeley Lake and 
 Park and Sloan Lake, can be visited. 
 Denver is well located for excur- 
 sions and side toiu^s in Colorado: 
 
 TOUR No. 1. 
 From Denver to Clear Creek 
 Conon, Central City, Idaho Springs, 
 Georgetown, Middle Park and 
 Gray's Pea.k, 
 
 The only rail route that can be 
 taken to these places is via the 
 (narrow gauge) Colorado Cent'} al, 
 branch of the Union Pacific railway. 
 There are two regular passenger 
 trains, each way, daily; one at 
 8 o'clock a. m., the other at 3 o'clock 
 p. m. The morning train is the best 
 to take. 
 
 Leaving the depot our train moves 
 northward, passing gasworks, el- 
 evators, machine shops and manufac- 
 tories, a half mile to the bridge over 
 the Platte river. Soon we commence 
 to climb the rolling prairie and in 
 two miles Argo is passed, where are 
 located the Boston & Colorado 
 Smelting works. 
 
 Half a mile farther a beautiful 
 view can be had of Denver, which 
 lies to the southeast. 
 
 Proceeding a short distance farther, 
 the valley of Clear creek appears 
 suddenly to our vision. It is one 
 of the mo.st fertile in the state. 
 
 •Descending into the vaUey we 
 cross the bridge over Clear creek 
 and run along on its west bank to 
 Arvada, a small hamlet, seven miles 
 from Denver. 
 
 Nearly opposite Arvada, to the 
 south three miles that big building 
 is the CathoUc college. 
 
 Our course is now directly west 
 toward the mountains, crossing 
 Ralston creek and many irrigating 
 canals to the base of the Table 
 mountains. 
 
 These huge "Tables", the outposts 
 or giant sentinels of the Rocky 
 mountains, are 1,000 feet in height, 
 nearly roimd, flat on top, well 
 grassed, and at one time must have 
 been one unbroken range enclosing 
 a.gi'eat basin above, where is now 
 the site of Golden. 
 
 Golden. (Pop. 2,624). 15 mik'S 
 from Denver, is the scat of Jefferson 
 county; was first settled in 1851). 
 
 The State School of Mines is 
 located here — a noble structure for 
 the purpose. The number of students 
 in attendance is large and increasing. 
 Leaving Golden our covu-se is 
 west ward, dhectly for the moun- 
 tains, which rise over 2000 feet above 
 the road. The train circles the 
 mountains and we are now in the 
 mouth of the canon, and the huge 
 fingers of the mountain ai'e thrust 
 out on each side, interlocking like 
 the fingers of the hands. 
 
 Eight miles brings our train to the 
 first stopping place, Beaver Brook, 
 named from a small stream, commg 
 in on the left, down a narrow caiion, 
 up which, six miles distant, is located 
 a saw-mill in a perfect forest of 
 timber. 
 
 Forks Creek ■ — (Eight miles from 
 Golden; elevation, 6,880 feet). — 
 Thejunction ofNorth and South Clear 
 creek. Here our trains is divided. 
 The route for Georgetown turns to 
 the left, across the bridge, while that 
 for Black Hawk and Central keeps 
 to the right. 
 Two miles above the Forks is 
 Cottonwood — A side-track — a 
 milk ranch and a water tank. 
 
 Nearly opposite this station Russell 
 gulch comes down, up which, are 
 located the old placer mines, so noted 
 m 1859. 
 
 Black Hawk — (Pop., 2,000; alti- 
 tude, 8,032 feet). — Gold in paying 
 quantities was first . discovered in 
 this county at this place, by John 
 H. Gregory, May 6, 1859. During 
 the summer the great msh of gold- 
 seekers commenced in earnest and 
 the mountains were overrun with 
 prospectors, every day bringing re- 
 ports of rich placer diggings or quartz 
 discoveries. 
 
 Central City — (Pop., 8,400; from 
 Denver, 39 miles; elevation, 8,503 
 feet; 471 feet higher than Black 
 Hawk). — The scat of Gilpin county. 
 Central is the trading center, for an 
 extensive chain of mining camps or 
 "diggings," which niunber from 20 
 to 500 mhabitants. 
 
 Idaho Springs — (Pop., 3,500; 
 from Forks, eight miles; Denver, 37 
 
 G9 
 
miles; Georgetown, 18 miles; eleva- 
 tion, 7,543). — Is in Clear creek 
 country, in a beautiful little park 
 nearly two miles long and half a 
 mile in width, the lands gently sloping 
 southwai-d. The streets are broad, 
 beside which are rows of planted 
 trees. 
 
 In April, 1859, gold was discovered 
 in paying quantities on what is known 
 now as Chicago creek, a small stream 
 that comes down from the south, 
 opposite Idaho; but these placer 
 diggings were soon worked out, and 
 then came the search for quartz 
 mines, the result of which has made 
 this county one of the most noted 
 in the momitains as a gold and silver- 
 producing region. 
 
 Idaho for its hot and cold mineral 
 springs has become noted as a health 
 and pleasure resort. 
 
 It is claimed the waters contain 
 rare medicinal properties, and are 
 necirly identical in chemical ingredi- 
 ents and temperature with the cele- 
 brated Carlsbad waters of Germany, 
 However that may be, they have be- 
 come renowned and are visited by 
 tourists and many citizens of Colorado 
 annually. 
 
 Fall River or Spanish Bar is two 
 miles above Idaho, where comes in 
 from the north a small creek called 
 Fall river, about eight miles in length, 
 along which are located 1,000 quarts 
 claims and several mills. 
 
 At different points above Idaho 
 are located mills, mines, tunnels and 
 extensive mining improvements, which 
 include some placer mining. Four 
 miles above Dumont is Lawson, at 
 the base of Red Elephant mountain. 
 
 Empire City is two miles above 
 Lawson, but not in view, being 
 about one mile to the westward up 
 the north fork of Clear creek. 
 
 After crossing the north fork our 
 course is south, running along the 
 base of Republican mountaiu which 
 rises above the road almost perpen- 
 dicularly 1,250 feet, while on the east, 
 Alpiae mountain elevates its crest 
 2,000 feet high. On the sides of 
 these mountains Jire shafts, tunnels 
 and prospect holes in great numbers. 
 Three miles further, the Union pass 
 wagon road can be seen, away up 
 the side of the moimtain to the right. 
 
 It is built through a depression be« 
 tween Douglas and Democrat moun- 
 tains, and is bordered on one side 
 going up and the other going down 
 with steep precipices. 
 
 As we proceed, the mountains are 
 closing on each side, the way is 
 narrow, the grade heavy, and the 
 distance six miles from Lawson to 
 
 Georgetozvn — (Pop., 2,171 ele- 
 vation, 8,476 feet; from Denver, 50 
 miles). The seat of Clear Creek 
 county, ia the center of the oldest 
 silver-mining region in Colorado, at 
 the eastern base of the "snowy range." 
 The city contains eight stamp mills, 
 one sampling and reduction works, 
 many stores, churches, schools, hotels, 
 and two weekly newspapers, the 
 Miner and Courier. 
 
 Middle Park — Is reached by four- 
 horse coaches from Georgetown, 
 which leave three times a week, for 
 as follows : North hve miles to 
 Empire City; thence northwest, via 
 Eerthoud pass, 21 miles to Eraser, 
 and 12 miles to Coulter; thence 
 North eight mUes to Selak, and 
 northeast 13 miles to Grand Lake; 
 total 56 miles. From Coulter west, 
 ten miles to Hot Sulphur Springs; 
 total, 47 miles. Fare, roimd trip, $ 11. 
 
 GRAYMONT, Col. 
 58 miles from Denver. At Gray- 
 mont take saddle animals and com- 
 mence to climb the mountains, follow- 
 ing up Grizzly gulch six miles to 
 Kelso's cabin, from which it is about 
 one mile to the summit of the "peak,.. 
 A wagon road extends from Gray- 
 mont to Kelso's cabin and carriages 
 can be procured for that distance, 
 if desired. In the tourist season the 
 railroad company sell "round trip" 
 tickets from Denver to the very top 
 of the peak. Their i-ate is $9, in- 
 cluding horse and guide from Gray- 
 mont. The horses are safe and the 
 guides experienced. Ladies may 
 make the trip assured of care and 
 attention. 
 
 TOUR No: 2. 
 
 From Denver to Platte Canon, 
 Kenosha, South Park, Fair Play, 
 Buena Vista, St. Elmo, Alpine Tun^ 
 nel to Gunnison City. 
 
Taking Ihe (narrow gfauge) cars 
 on the South Park branch of the 
 Union Pacific, at 8 o'clock, a. m., we 
 arrive at Si. Elmo, 153 tniles from 
 Denver, at 5:30 p. m. Here we 
 remain over night, have an opport- 
 unity to look around, and leave at 
 10:30 vn the morning, passing through 
 the great Alpine tunnel, and reach- 
 ing Gunnison City at 5:30 p. m., 
 affording a daylight view of the 
 entire route. 
 
 On this line there is only one pas- 
 senger train a day. 
 
 From the Union depot our route 
 is south, crossing Cherry creek, and 
 through the low lands of West 
 Denver, then across the Platte river 
 to its west bank, reaching Bear 
 Creek Junction (in six miles), now 
 caUed Mocrville. 
 
 The Morrison branch turns west 
 from this point, up Bear creek, nine 
 miles to 
 
 MORRISON, Col. 
 Pop., 400; from Denver, 17 miles. 
 At the entrance of Bear Canon. 
 The principal occupation of the Mor- 
 risonians is connected with the stone 
 quarries near the town. All the best 
 red stone used for building purposes 
 in Denver comes from this place. 
 The principal objects of interest to 
 the tourist in this vicinity are the 
 soda lake, the springs of soda, 
 sulphur and iron. Bear canon , 
 Tiu-key creek canon, the "Garden 
 of the Angels", the game in the near 
 mountains, and the trout in the 
 streams. 
 
 FORT LOGAN, Col. 
 
 Occupies a commanding position 
 on a high plateau near the station, 
 selected by "Little Phil" himself, and 
 established in 1887. 
 
 Eight miles more, through some 
 fine truck fields, we enter the mouth of 
 
 PLATTE CANON, Col. 
 Enterprise P, O., 20 miles from 
 Denver. One mile above the station, 
 neaiiy ten years ago, a company of 
 English capitalists commenced the 
 construction of a canal — usually 
 called the "high line canal", to take 
 the water from the Platte river and 
 conduct it eastward over the prairies 
 
 back of Denver for irrigating, thaliti- 
 facturing and domestic purposes. 
 
 ESTABROOK PARK, Col. 
 Four miles from Crosson's. This 
 place presents some attractions as a 
 summer resort, particularly to those 
 fond of hunting and fishing. In the 
 adjacent country, deer, bear, and 
 other game are quite plentiful, and 
 in Deer creek and other small creeks 
 that reach the Platte river near here, 
 trout of the finest. 
 
 KENOSHA, Col. 
 
 Elevation, 9,972 feet; 76 miles 
 from Denver. The air at this point 
 is rather thin, but then it may be 
 well to try and get accustomed to 
 it, as we shall stand 1,624 feet higher 
 before the tour is ended. 
 
 Two miles and we cross Tarryall 
 Creek. 
 
 COMO, Col. 
 
 Pop., 800; from Denver, 88 miles; 
 elevatign, 9,775 feet. Is a "regular 
 meal" station and the junction of the 
 Leadville branch, which turns to the 
 northwest from here, over the 
 mountains. 
 
 GAROS, Col. 
 
 Pop., 50; from Denver, 104 miles; 
 elevation, 9,172 feet. Situated on a 
 branch of the South Platte river, at 
 the junction of the 
 
 London Branch of the Union 
 Pacific stystem. This line follows 
 up the valley of the Platte, to the 
 northwest, directly for the mountains. 
 
 FAIRPLAY, Col. 
 
 Pop., 300; from Garos, 10 miles; 
 Denver, 114 miles; elevation, 9,886 
 feet. It is the seat of Park county, 
 one of the oldest mining towns m 
 Colorado. It is situated on the 
 middle fork of the South Platte river. 
 
 From Garos south: 
 
 Passing on, our train soon begins 
 to climb the southern rim of the park. 
 
 HILL TOP, Col. 
 Is on the top or summit of Trout 
 creek pass; altitude, 9,460 feet. Here 
 the waters divide, on the east side 
 finding their way into the Platte, 
 and on the west side into the Ark- 
 ansas river. From this little station 
 
 71 
 
^'e fairly fall away to the valley of 
 ilic Aikansas, nearly 2,000 feet, in 
 the next '2G miles. Near this station, 
 comes in the Midland railroad from 
 Colorado Springs. 
 
 Mc GEES, Col. 
 From Hill Top, seven miles; elev- 
 ation, 8,648 feet. Sometimes called 
 ■'Trout City", situated in a ro- 
 mantic little park of fine scenery. 
 
 BUENA VISTA, Col. 
 
 Pop., 2,000; from Denver, 136 
 miles ; Leadville, 36 miles ; elevation, 
 7,943 feet. Is the seat of Chaffee 
 county, situated at the junction of 
 Cottonwood creek with the Arkansas 
 river; the county buildings, churches 
 and schools, as well as some business 
 blocks and hotels, are creditable 
 structures. 
 
 TWIN LAKES, Col. 
 
 The most charming, quiet summer 
 resort in the mountains is situated 
 at the eastern base of the Sawache 
 range of mountains at an altitude of 
 !),33B feet on Twin Lake creek, an 
 important tributary of [the Arkansas 
 river. Hunter's pass is directly west, 
 and Lake Creek pass to the south- 
 west. The lower lake covers, 1,525 
 and the upper 475 acres, the length 
 being about double the width. The 
 upper lake is about five feet the 
 higher, connected by a small stream, 
 which ripples over a pebbly bottom 
 clear, pure and cold, half a mile in 
 length through grassj meadow lands 
 studded with scattermg shade trees, 
 affording delightful grounds for camp- 
 ers or picnic parties. The surround- 
 ings are most grand and beautiful. 
 Just of the head of the lakes, on the 
 north, stands Mt. Elbert, uncovered 
 except by a mantle of snow, in 
 respect for the beauties on every 
 side, at an altitude of 14,360 feet, or 
 5,027 feet above the level of the 
 lakes. To the south, opposite, are 
 the Twin peaks and Grizzly, some 
 less in altitude, but none the less 
 beautiful in their varied coloring of 
 green, gray and gold. The lakes lie 
 m a general direction from east to 
 west; on the south side, the moim- 
 taius rise from the water's edge, 
 covered with pine, spruce, aspen 
 trees and shrubs, extending to the 
 
 timber-line, where game of all kinds 
 is abimdant, including the ^ri^zly 
 bear, moutain grouse and quail. On 
 the north side, along the shore, is a 
 good carriage road, and a grassy 
 bottom, back of which the country 
 is a rolling prairie, with bluffs near 
 the base of the mountains covered 
 with a scrubby OTOwth of pine and 
 cedar trees. The accommodations 
 for toui-ists consist of five hotels and 
 a number of small cottages. 
 
 HORTENSE, Col. 
 Pop., 200; from Denver, 142 miles; 
 elevation, 8,169 feet. Is noted for 
 Hortenses. Here are the famous 
 Hortense hot springs, and the Hor- 
 tense group of mines, the Hortense 
 post office, and the Hortense hotel, 
 kept hy Hortense. The Hortense 
 mine is said to be a Hortense 
 "bonanza", while the Hortense springs 
 are recommended for their cm-alive 
 properties in cases of rheumatism, etc. 
 
 HANCOCK, Col. 
 
 Pop., 250; elevation, 11,005 feet. 
 Is situated at the head of Chalk creek 
 away up upon the eastern slope of 
 the Sawache or the main chain of 
 the Rocky mountains, in a little 
 valley smrovinded by towering snow- 
 clad peaks on all sides, affording 
 scenic views of great magnificence. 
 
 Continuing to climb three miles 
 more and we are completely hemmed 
 in by the lofty mountains with no 
 possible way to get out; just here is 
 the entrance to the world-renowned, 
 
 ALPINE TUNNEL, Col. 
 This remarkable piece of work, the 
 result of fine engineering skill and 
 "Paddy's brawny arms," is 11,596 
 feet above the level of the sea — 
 above "timber-line" — above where 
 trees and vegetation grow, or animal 
 life is found; all is rock; little rocks, 
 big rocks and the "rock of ages." 
 
 PITKIN, Col. 
 Pop., 1,500; from St. Elmo, 21 
 m'les; Denver,- 174 miles: Gunnison 
 City, 27 miles; elevation, 9,180 feet. 
 Named for Ex-Govemor Pitkin; 
 situated on Quartz creek, in a little 
 park gradually sloping to the south- 
 ward, between two high timbcr- 
 
 72 
 
covered mountain ranges, which 
 contam many rich and productive 
 mines. The principal occupation of 
 the citizens are mining, lumbering 
 and merchandising. The ores carry- 
 both gold and silver. 
 
 GUNNISON, Col. 
 
 Pop., 2,000; elevation, 7,649 feet; 
 from Denver, 201 miles; Salt Lake 
 City, 445 miles. Is the seat of 
 Gunnison county, and has becon^e 
 famous the world over as the com- 
 mercial center of an immense mining 
 region. 
 
 The South Park branch of the 
 Union Pacific runs north from 
 Gunnison City up Ohio creek through 
 a settled country where wheat, oats, 
 hay and potatoes are the principal 
 crops raised, seven miles to Teach- 
 out, three miles to Hinkles, three 
 miles to Castleton, and three miles 
 more to 
 
 BALDWIN, Col. 
 
 18 miles from Gunnison City. — 
 Here are extensive deposits of coal, 
 owned by the railroad company, who 
 use large quantities and ship more. 
 
 Having concluded the Gunnison 
 tour we retuin to Denver. 
 
 TOUR No. 3. 
 
 From Denver to Breckenridge, 
 Leadville , Red Cliff, Glenwood 
 Springs to Aspen. 
 
 Leaving Denver, as in tour No. 2, 
 we follow the same route to Como, 
 88 mUes from Denver. 
 
 From Como our route is to the 
 northwest up Tairyall creek, through 
 the old placers so famous in 1860, 
 and curving around on a spur of 
 the moimtams, climbing rapidly, we 
 reach a point where the view of 
 the South Park, Como, Jefferson, 
 Kenosha, Pike's peak and the front 
 range of mountams is most grand, 
 covering a great extent of country, 
 plains, valleys and a bewdlderiug 
 MTeck of mountains. 
 
 BOREAS, Col. 
 Elevation, 11,470 feet. Is situated 
 on the summit of Breekenridge pass, 
 ten miles from Como, on the "snowy 
 range," the "backbone" of the 
 continent. 
 
 The route down the mountain Is 
 most tortuous; surprises come thick 
 and fast. Our train whuis into deep 
 and dismal gorges surrounded by 
 firs and pines, ten-score feet height, 
 another whirl, and we are on the 
 point of a rocky promontory which 
 rises sheer 500 feet above a parallel 
 tiack below; another whirl, a giand / 
 detour, and we are running back 
 upon that parallel track; again we 
 round a headland, the track is not 
 there, it has dodged away up a long 
 ravine only to double back upon 
 itself, and so it goes. Four parallel 
 tracks are to be seen at different 
 times and places, risLag one above 
 the other on the face of pine -clad 
 mountains, rugged in the extreme. 
 
 BRECI-CENRIDGE, Col. 
 Pop., 2,000; from Como, 22 miles; 
 Denver, 110 mUes ; elevation, 9,524 
 feet. The seat of Summit coimty, 
 situated on the Blue river, on the 
 western slope of the Rocky moun- 
 tains, and is strictly a mining town. 
 
 ROBINSON, Col. 
 Pop. 500. Is one mile beyond 
 Kokomo, both of which Eire strictly 
 mining towns. They are situated 
 on the eastern slope of Sheep moun- 
 tain, with the Valley of Ten Mile 
 creek to the eastward, which is a 
 half to a mile wide, and covered 
 with a heavy growth of wild grasses. 
 The scenery is grand. To tne east 
 and south rise mountains to great 
 heights; the most prominent peak is 
 Mt. Fletcher, 14,265 feet above sea 
 level. In the background Sheep 
 mountain rises 12,648 feet; to the 
 north, Gray's peak. Game of many 
 kinds can be found in easy distance, 
 such as deer, elk, bear, grouse, quail, 
 hare, rabbits, etc. 
 
 MOUNT OF HOLY CROSS, Col. 
 
 Its summit is 14,176 feet above 
 the level of the sea, and presents 
 the appearance of a beautiful cross. 
 
 LEADVILLE, Col. 
 Pop. 11,500; from Denver, 151 
 miles; elevation, 10,185 feet. Is the 
 seat of Lake coimty, and is one of 
 those extraordinary productions of 
 a raining country one of those places 
 
 74 
 
s^i^mv\tev>Jitttiuiik\uuu 
 
 I'i " 'iiiiiiiiMm I 
 
that from a lone cabin becomes "a 
 village in a night, a town in a week, 
 a city in a month. 
 
 Leaving Leadville we start directly 
 for the western mountains, climbing 
 up around "Mt. Massive" amid fine 
 Alpine scenery. , 
 
 Descending the' western slope, 
 passing a number of small mining 
 camps, our train stops for a moment 
 at Aspen Jimction. 63 miles from 
 Leadville, on Roaring Fork River, up 
 which it tmms, reaching, in 19 miles, 
 the famous mining town of 
 
 ASPEN, Col. 
 Pop., 5,500; from Leadville, 110 
 miles; elevation 7,775 feet. Is the 
 seat of Pitkin county, situated on 
 the northern slope of Aspen moun- 
 tain, on the side of Roaring Fork 
 River near the junction of Hunter, 
 Castle and Mamon creeks. The old 
 town of Roaring Fork is one mile 
 distant on the opposite side of the 
 river. 
 
 GLENWOOD SPRINGS, Col. 
 
 Pop., 1,500; from Leadville, 142 
 miles; elevation, 5,200 feet. Is the 
 seat of Garfield county, just below 
 the canon of the Grand, situated in 
 a little park at the junction of the 
 Roaring Fork and the Grand rivers. 
 
 It is a place of great promise, princ- 
 ipally on account of the springs for 
 which it has become noted. 
 
 TOUR No. 4. 
 
 From Denver to Boulder, Boulder 
 Canon, Longmont, Estes Park and 
 Fort Collins to Greeley. 
 
 Each of the four cities above, 
 named are reached by two separate 
 branches of the Union Pacific rail- 
 way. Leaving Denver at 7,55 a. m., 
 via the Marshall & Boulder (narrow 
 gauge). We take the route described 
 m Side Tom- No. 1 to Argo Jnnction, 
 three miles from Denver, thence 
 running north, crossing Clear creek 
 and a broad expanse of rolling prairie 
 land well settled and cultivated, reach 
 Boulder at 9 : 22 a. m. , 
 
 BOULDER, Col. 
 Pop., 4,500, from Denver, 30 miles, 
 via Argo Junction, and 47 miles, via 
 Brighton; elevation, 5,335 feet. The 
 
 seat of Boulder County, situated at 
 the entrance to the mountains, via 
 Boulder canon, on Boulder River. 
 
 Gold and silver mines in the 
 mountains, gxeat coal mines just 
 south of the city, iron deposits, 
 stone and lime quarries, agriculture, 
 horticulture and stock - raising are 
 the chief occupations of the citizens. 
 
 The University of Colorado a 
 noble institution, has a beautiful site 
 upon the high grounds on the south 
 side of Boulder River overlooking 
 the city. The design of this school 
 is to prepare teachers for the work 
 of conducting the schools of the 
 state, especially in the branches 
 taught in the common schools. It is 
 claimed that the climate at Boulder 
 is all that could be desu-ed — neither 
 excessively warm in summer nor 
 too cold in winter, and seems partic- 
 ularly favorable to the rapid devel- 
 opment of the intellectual faculties. 
 
 Leaving Boulder our route turns 
 to the northeast over the broad 
 prairies. 
 
 LONGMONT, Col. 
 ■ Populat. 3,000; from Boulder, 
 ten miles; Denver, 57 miles; eleva- 
 tion, 4,935 feet. — One of the most 
 important towns in Boulder County, 
 is situated on the high prairie, 
 sloping to the southward, about half 
 a mile north of the St. Vrain River, 
 the waters of which are taken out 
 seven miles west of the tovni and 
 conducted in ditches over the high 
 lands on each side of the River, 
 producing large crops of wheat, 
 barley, oats, com and other, cereals. 
 
 ESTES PARIC, Col. 
 Elevation, 6,810 feet. One of 
 the most delightful summer resorts 
 in Colorado, but the stage ride from 
 Loveland, 32 miles, deters many 
 from visiting it. The park or valley 
 is ten miles north of Long's peak, 
 about six miles long by four and a 
 half miles vdde, hemmed in on all 
 sides by towering mountains. 
 
 FORT COLLINS. 
 Pop. 2,500; from Denver, 88 miles; 
 elevation, 4.972 feet. Is the seat of 
 Larimer county, situated in the 
 
 7fi 
 
valley of the Cache-a-la Poudre, in 
 the midst of great wealth in ag- 
 riculture, horticulture, stock-raising, 
 flagging stone, water power, mills 
 and manufactories. 
 
 COLORADO SPRINGS, Col. 
 
 Pop. 12,000; elevation 5,990 feet; 
 from Denver 91 miles. 
 
 Railroads: Missouri Pacific, Mid- 
 land, Topeka & Santa Fe, D. & R. G. 
 and Denver Texas & Ft. Worth. 
 Seat of El Paso Cozmty. This city 
 was laid out in 1871, and settled by 
 the Fountain colony. It is situated 
 on a high broad plateau to the east 
 of and about one-half a mile above 
 the junction of Monument creek 
 from the north, with the Fountain 
 Qui Bouille, from the west. 
 
 The citizens have erected some 
 fine buildings, which include a college, 
 churches, banks, schools, hotels, 
 opera house and many private res- 
 idences. The streets are 100 feet 
 broad and the avenues 150 feet, 
 with sidewalks 12 feet wide.. The 
 scenery viewed from Coiorado 
 Springs is exceedaigly grand. To 
 the west "Pike's peak" rises in full 
 view, from base to simunit; altitude, 
 14,336 feet or 6,308 feet higher than 
 the city. In the vicinity are same 
 of the most delightful drives and 
 rambles; Manitou, five miles; Garden 
 of the Gods, three and one-half 
 miles; Cheyenne cason, five inilesf 
 summit of "Pike's peak", 15 
 miles, etc. 
 
 COLORADO CITY, Col. 
 
 Pop. 3,000. Is two miles west of 
 Colorado Springs, and can be reached 
 by either the cars of the Midland 
 railroad or street cars. 
 
 Here was the first settlement in 
 the "Pike's peak country" in 1858, 
 and_ here the first capital of the 
 territory was located. The town is 
 situated on a high plateau, directly 
 lacing Pike's peak, on the north 
 baixk of Fountain Qui BouiUe creek. 
 
 MANITOU, Col. 
 
 Manitou where £ire located the 
 
 celebrated springs of that name, is 
 
 in El Paso coimty, five miles due 
 
 west of Colorado Springs. It is 
 
 situated on Fountain Qui Bouille 
 creek, at the very foot of Pike's peak, 
 in as romantic a little nook of the 
 mountains as one could imagine. 
 
 The scenery surrounding Manitou 
 is immense and very beautiful. 
 
 Manitou has a population varying 
 between winter and summer from 
 500 to 2,000. 
 
 Pike's Peak. Until recently has 
 been reached only by pack animals 
 over a tortuous trail, but during 
 1888 a wagon road was constructed 
 which winds around the mountain 
 on a zigzag but uniform grade. The 
 company constructing the road run 
 carnages over it — when ordered by 
 visitors desiring to make the ascent- 
 charges. $5 for round trip. Parties 
 desirmg, can hire saddle animals or 
 carriages and drive themselves to 
 make the ascent, for which a moderate 
 toll is charged. 
 
 The Manitou & Pike's Peak Rail- 
 way, a recent organization, com- 
 mences at a point just above the 
 Iron Springs and runs to the summit 
 of Pike's Peak. The road is about 
 83/i miles in length. 
 
 Garden of the Gods. Situated 
 midway between Manitou and 
 Colorado Springs. It is a singularly 
 wild and beautiful place to which 
 some poetic individual has given the 
 title which heads this paragraph. 
 Two high ridges of rock rise per- 
 pendicularly from the valley to a 
 height of 330 feet, but a few yards 
 apart, forming a lofty enclosure, 
 which embraces a beautiful miniature 
 valley which seems to nestle here 
 away from the gaze of the passers- 
 by in a quiet, romantic grandeur. 
 
 PUEBLO, Col. 
 
 Population 25,000; elevation, 4650 
 feet; 125 miles from Denver. 
 
 It is the seat of Pueblo county, 
 situated on both sides of the Arkansas 
 River, just above the mouth ofFount- 
 ain Qui Bouille creek. 
 
 Of late years Pueblo has become 
 a prosperous and enterprising city; 
 it IS provided with aU the modern 
 improvements and ample railroad 
 facilities. 
 
 77 
 
TRINTOAD, Col. 
 Pop. 6,000; from Pueblo, 96 miles; 
 Ft. Worth, 588 miles; elevation, 
 6,005 feet. Is situated on Las 
 Animas river, and is the seat of 
 Las Animas county. The original 
 settlers were of ' Spanish-Mexican 
 descent, and now comprise about 
 one-fourth of the population. Trin- 
 idad is the center of the largest coal, 
 coke bmning and iron producing 
 region west of the Missom-i river, 
 and is already shipping more of the 
 first named commodities than all 
 other places in the state of Co- 
 lorado. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 / Milner, C/o. Burl Tkt. Office, 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 The Schirmer Ins. & Inv. Co., 
 1428-1432 SixteenthSt.,Denver, Col. 
 
 GREELY, Col. 
 (Pop., 2,500; fromDenver, 52miles; 
 elevation, 4,637 feet). Seat of Weld 
 county. Was laid out in May, 1870, 
 by the Greeley colony, under the 
 fostering care of the late Hon. Horace 
 Greeley of the New York Tribune. 
 The colony controls about 100,000 
 acres of as fine land as can be found 
 in the state. Extensive canals and 
 irrigating ditches have been built, 
 and water from the Cache-a-la-Poudre 
 furnishes an ample supply for all 
 purposes. The town is situated on 
 the Cache-a-la-Poudre river, four 
 miles above its junction with the 
 Platte. When the colonists first set- 
 tled at this place it was treeless, 
 except on the river bottoms. The 
 colonists laid out the town Math broad 
 streets, planted young cottonwood 
 trees on each side and led the water 
 along near their roots. The cotton- 
 wood is a thrifty tree and the result 
 has been Greeley is embowered in 
 a forest of shade trees — in summer 
 
 giving a cool and beautiful appearance, 
 ine noted feature of the town is 
 the absence of all intoxicating drinks 
 — none are allowed to be sold. The 
 chief penalty for selling is a forfeit- 
 ure to the city of the lot upon which 
 it is sold. The public buildings at 
 Greeley and the churches and edu- 
 cational advantages of the tovra are 
 of the best. 
 
 78 
 
CONNECTICUT. 
 
 The first settlements were made 
 in Connecticut in 1632 and 1636. 
 In 1698 it became a state, being the 
 fifth of the thirteen original states. 
 During the Civil War, Connecticut 
 furnished 55,900 men to the army. 
 The area of the state it 4,900 sq. 
 miles, with 746,258 inhabitants. The 
 principal agricultural products are: 
 fruit, hay, potatoes, tobacco and dairy 
 products. The State ranks foiu'th 
 among granite producing states, its 
 brown sandstone being noted for its 
 beauty and excellence. Iron, copper, 
 lead, nickel and cobalt are found. 
 Connecticut is a great manufacturing 
 state, leading in the manufactm-e of 
 fireEirms and ammunition; it has also 
 extensive silk, cotton and woolen 
 manufactm-e s. 
 
 BRIDGEPORT. 
 
 At the entrance of the Pequonnock 
 river on Long Island Sound, on 
 the New York Central Railroad; it 
 has 50,000 inhabitants and possesses 
 important manufacturing establish- 
 ments. Near the town is Golden 
 Hill with a fine view. Steamers daily 
 to New York 50 cents. Hotels are 
 Wilson House, Atlantic House. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 5. Loewith & Co., 100 Bank St., 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 DANBURY, Conn. 
 Reached by the New York & North- 
 ern R. R. (from 155 th) Street 
 Sixth Avenue Elevated R. R. N. Y.) A 
 great manufacturing town important 
 for hats; population 18,000. Turner 
 Hotel, $ 3. 
 
 GREENWICH, Conn. 
 On the New York Central, well 
 located on the Long Island Sound, 
 is a to-wTi of 11,000 inhabitants, and 
 a summer residence for many New 
 York peoble. Hotels are Belle 
 Haven, Lenox House. 
 
 HARTFORD, Conn. 
 
 The capital of the State of 
 Connecticut, 110 miles from New 
 York City on the New York Central 
 Railroad, fare $2,25. Electric cars 
 5 cents and cabs 50 cents. 
 
 Hotels: United States Hotel $2,50 
 to $3,00; Allyn House near Station 
 $3,00; Heublein from $1 upwards; 
 City Hotel $2,00 — $3,00. 
 
 Hartford is located on the Con- 
 necticut River, which jpins here the 
 Park River. It is a city of abotit 
 60,000 inhabitants ; has great impor- 
 tance in regard to its industries. It 
 is here that the principal factories 
 of the Pope Manufacturing Company, 
 the largest manufactm^ers of bicycles 
 etc., are located. There are other 
 important factories and the seat of 
 immense Insurance companies. 
 
 Poinis of interest iii Hartford: 
 Bushneli Park: South-west from 
 the Union Depot, which is about in 
 
 79 
 
Columbia 
 Cbainless Bicycles 
 
 PorMeoaad Price. ^17^ 
 Women. — ^ILO. 
 
 Beautiful and graceful in outline, 
 clean cut and neat in appearance, 
 strong and rigid in construction, 
 swift and easy running on the level, 
 lightning on the down grade, a mar- 
 velous hill-climber, the motive parts 
 throughout totally unaffected by 
 mud, dust rain or sleet, and a v(^heel 
 that can be appropriately used all 
 the year round, regardless of weath - 
 er— that's the Columbia Chnialess. 
 
 Standard of the Vofld» 
 
 POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 
 
 IlColumbias are not properly represent- 
 ed in your vicinity, let us know. Chain- 
 less Bicycle Catalogue by mail for one 
 2 -cent stamp, or free by calling on any 
 Columbia dealer. 
 
 80 
 
the center of the city, on the other 
 side of Park River. 
 
 The State Capitol: In Bushnell 
 Park, open from 7 A. M. to 6 P. M. 
 Dome open 10,00. A.M. to 11,30 
 A. M., and 2,00 to 3,30 P. M. The 
 view from this dome on a clear day- 
 extends nearly fifty miles in alt 
 directions, embracmg the rivers, 
 cities and numerous villages. The 
 dome is reached by 212 steps from 
 the elevator landing. 
 
 In the west vestibule of the 
 capitol axe the remnants of battle 
 flags of the Connecticut Regiments 
 during the War of the Rebellion, all 
 in handsome and substantial glass 
 cases. The old tombstone of Gen. 
 Putnam is also in tliis vestibule. 
 
 In the Senate Chamber is the 
 celebrated original full length por- 
 trait of Washington, taken from life 
 by Stuart, for which this state in 
 1800 paid about $ 800. It is now of 
 priceless value as a relic. 
 
 The Capitol contains innumerable 
 pictures, statues and other historical 
 relics, and the visitor will be well 
 repaid for his trouble. 
 
 Connecticut State Prison : Situated 
 in the town of Wetherfteld. The 
 prison is open to visitors on Wed- 
 nesday of each week; but they must 
 have a permit from the Warden or 
 one of the Directors. No charge for 
 admission. Prisoners are allowed 
 one visitor each month on Friday. 
 Cars leave City HaU, Hartford, every 
 fifteen minutes; fare 5 cents Take 
 cars marked Wetherfields. 
 
 Retreat for the Insane, No. 30 
 Washington Street. The grounds 
 are open to visitors every afternoon 
 (Sunday excepted); and visitors may 
 be admitted by card from either of 
 the managers, Rodney Dennis, Jona- 
 than B. Bunce, or William B. Clarke. 
 The grounds are kept in elegant 
 shape, and axe weU worth visiting. 
 Take Cedar Hill or Vernon Street 
 electric Unes south from City Hall. 
 
 The Memorial Arch, which is at 
 the Ford street entrance tiD Bushnell 
 Park, is a magnificent piece of 
 architecture. 
 
 The City Hatl, was erected and 
 used as a State House from May 
 1796 tDl it was transferred by the 
 State to the City of Hartford, March 
 
 13, 1879, and formally dedicated as 
 the City HaU, October 22nd, 1879. 
 
 The Wadsworth Atheneum, 106 
 Main Street which is occupied by 
 the Hartford Library Association, 
 Watkinson Library, Connecticut His- 
 torical Society, Public Reading Room, 
 Art Gallery, and Art School. 
 
 Trinity College, Summit street. 
 Take Zion Street Electric cars from 
 City Hall going west. 
 
 St. Josephs Cathedral, 150 Far- 
 mington Avenue cars from City Hall. 
 
 1. M. C. A. Building, junction 
 Pearl and Jewel Streets. All stran- 
 gers are cordially welcomed and it 
 IS well worth one's time to visit this 
 institution with its gyrmiasium, 
 reading rooms, workingmen's Ex- 
 change and the Educational Depart- 
 ment known as the Hillyer Institute. 
 
 The residences of Mrs. Harriet 
 Beecher Stowe and Charles Dudley 
 Warner on Forest street, near Fai'- 
 mington Avenue, and of "Mark 
 Twam" (Samuel L. Clemens) on 
 Farmington Avenue. 
 
 The American School for the 
 Deaf: on Asylum Avenue, dedicated 
 1821 the first institution of its kind 
 in the country. 
 
 Hartford Public High School, Hop- 
 kins Street. 
 
 Hartford Theological Seminary, 
 Broad street 
 
 Most of the Hartford Insurance 
 Companies own magnificent office 
 buildings. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 E. Gundlach & Co., 20 State St, 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 
 W. W. Jacobs & Co., Mechanics 
 Sav B'k., Hartford, Conn. 
 
 MERIDEN, Conn. 
 A thriving manufacturing town of 
 21,652 inhabitants, near a picturesque 
 range of hills. The great Brittania 
 Works are here. Reached by the 
 New York, New Haven and Hartford 
 Railroad. 
 
 81 
 
MIDDLETOWN, Conn. 
 
 On the New York & New England 
 Railway; 97 miles from New York. 
 A manufacturing town of 10,000 
 population, on the Connecticut River. 
 Here is the seat of the Wesleyan 
 University, which has a good library 
 and important collections of natural 
 history. The Berkley Divinity School 
 and a state insane asylum are fcimous 
 institutions located in this town. 
 McDonough Hotel $ 2^/2. 
 
 NEW BRITAIN, Conn. 
 Reached by the New York & North- 
 em R. R. (from 155 th Street Six 
 Avenue Elevated R. R. New York) 
 manufacturing town of 20,000 inh. 
 Elihu Burritt, the apostle of peace, 
 was bom here. 
 
 NEW HAVEN. 
 The Union Depot is the railroad 
 station of New Haven. It has a 
 restaurant. Electric cars (5 c.) and 
 cabs (50 c. for 2 persons) are at the 
 station. Steamboats leave daily 75 
 cents, stateroom $ 1,00. 
 
 Hotels : New Haven House, $ 4—5 ; 
 Tremont S 2,50 to $ 3,00. 
 
 New Haven is the largest city in 
 Connecticut; it has about 90,000 
 inhabitants, is well situated on 
 Long Island Soimd. Its commerce 
 and industry are of importance. 
 One-half mile north from the Union 
 Depot is the Public Green with the 
 City Hall, churches and the State 
 House. West of the Public Green 
 is College Street. Here are the 
 different buildings of Yale Univer- 
 sity, founded in 1700 it came in 
 1717 to New Haven, where it receiv- 
 ed its name from a New Haven 
 man, Elihu Yale, who made a 
 donation of Lstl. 400,— to the 
 college. Many famous men were 
 students of Yale University, which 
 to-day has a world-wide renowm. 
 There are schools of the practical 
 sciences, theology, medicine, law, 
 aits and philosophy. The Art School 
 contains a valuable collection of 
 American and Italian paintings and 
 statues. 
 
 The Peabody Museum 0/ Natural 
 History has important mineral col- 
 lections. A visit to the She/field 
 
 Sctentijic School, the Osborn Hall, 
 the Battell Chapel, the Gymnasium, 
 the Ahim.ni, Dwight Hall and the 
 Library etc., is worth making. 
 
 At the end of High Street, on 
 Grove Street, is the Old Cemetery. 
 Here are the resting places of 
 Timothy Dwight, Noah Webster, 
 Eli Whitney, Samuel Morse and 
 Thodore Wmthrop. 
 
 Two miles from Public Green is 
 the East Rock, a public garden. 
 Car through State Street, ft con- 
 tains a memorial to the war and 
 there is a fine view. The West 
 Rock is 2^4 miles from Public Green, 
 car through Chapel Street. Excur- 
 sion to Savin Rock where the 
 visitor finds a good hotel and has 
 a fine view over the Sound. Car 
 from Public Green. 
 
 Agents of The North German Lloyd: 
 
 Kimberly, Root & Day, 13b Orange 
 St., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 M. Ztmder & Sons, 253-257 
 State St., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 NEW LONDON, Conn. 
 
 A town of 13,757 inhabitants, on 
 the River Thames, 124 miles from 
 New York via the N. Y. & Hartford 
 R. R. New London has a splendid 
 harbor, protected by forts Trumbull 
 and Griswold. Near the city, is a 
 United States Navy Yard. The in- 
 habitants are chiefly engaged in the 
 fisheries. The intercollegiate Boat 
 Races are held here during the sum- 
 mer. Handsome Public Library. 
 
 Upon Groton Heights, on the 
 right of the Thames, is an Obelisk, 
 
 82 
 
120 feet high, erected in commemc- 
 ration of the destruction of the city 
 by Benedict Arnold and the mas- 
 sacre at Fort Griswold, September 
 .1781. Fine view from the top. The 
 well known Pequot House, is at the 
 mouth of the Thames, three miles 
 from the city. 
 
 NEW ROCHELLE, Conn. 
 On New York Central R. R., 17 
 miles from New York founded in 
 1671 by Huguenots. 
 
 NORWALK, Conn. 
 An important manufacturing center, 
 with 17,747 inhabitants, 41 miles 
 from New York, reached by the 
 New York, New Haven & Hartford 
 R. R. It is also becoming a favorite 
 summer resort. The harbor forms a 
 picturesque bay, affording oysters of 
 excellent quality. About l-'la miles 
 south of Norwalk, on Gregoiy's 
 Point, is the Dorlon House, a de- 
 lightful summer hotel, situated on 
 the Sound. 
 
 NORWICH, Conn. 
 A thriving manufacturing town of 
 16,156 inhabitants, well situated be- 
 tween the Yantic and Shen tucket 
 Rivers, forming together the Thames. 
 The principal buildings are: the 
 Court House, the Free Academy 
 and St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 
 Sachem St. is an old INDIAN 
 CEMETERY, used in old times by 
 the Mohucans; the Obelisk was 
 erected in memoiy of their famous 
 chief Uncas (1663). Two miles from 
 
 Norwich is Sachem's Plain, near 
 
 Greenville; here another monument 
 marks the spot, where Uncas. in 
 1643, killed Miantonomoh, Sachem 
 of the Narragansetts. 
 
 Norwich is only thirteen miles by 
 rail from New London. 
 
 PORT CHESTER, Conn. 
 On the New York Central Railroad 
 on the Byrum River frontier of New 
 England. 
 
 RYE, Conn. 
 On New York Central Railroad, 
 24 miles from New York, the 
 station for Rye Beach, a summer 
 resort on Long Island Sound. 
 
 STAMFORD, Conn. 
 On the New York Central Rail- 
 road 33^2 miles from New York, 
 17,000 inhabitants, nicely situated on 
 Shippon Point. A favorite summer 
 residence for many New York merch- 
 ants. By Steamer 35 cents. Hotels 
 are the Stamford House, Union, 
 Ocean House. 
 
 WATERBURY, Conn. 
 Reached by the New York & 
 Northern R. R. (from 155 th Street 
 Six Avenue Elevated R. R. N. Y.) 
 is an important manufacturing town 
 of 30,000 inh. Famous for the 
 Waterbury watches. 
 
 WILLIMANTIC, Conn. 
 A manufacturing town of 9000 
 inhabitants, on the Willimantic River, 
 reached by the New York, New 
 Haven & Hartford R. R. 
 
 83 
 
DELAWARE. 
 
 Hendrick Hudson discovered Dela- 
 ware Bay in 1609, while hunting for 
 the short cut to China, but put to 
 sea on reaching shoal water. A year 
 later, Capt. Axgall sailed up the lonely 
 expanse. The first white settlers 
 were De Vries and thirty - two 
 Hollanders, who founded a colony 
 near the site of Lewes in 1631. 
 These pioneers were all massacred 
 by the Indians. In 1638 Peter Minuit 
 was sent out hj Queen Christina to 
 found a colony, in which every man 
 should be "free to worship God as he 
 chose." He built Port Christina, on 
 the present site of Wilmington, garri- 
 soning it with sturdy Swedes and 
 Finns. The country received the 
 name of Nya Sveriga (New Sweden), 
 the p eninsula remaining unter Swedish 
 rule for many years. In 1671 Gov- 
 ernor Stuyvesant came around from 
 New Amsterdam and erected Fort 
 Casimir, on the site of New Castle, 
 in order to hold these Baltic men 
 in check, but on Trinity Sxmday 1654, 
 they swarmed into the new fortress, 
 raising over it the Banner of Sweden. 
 Finally, however, the Dutchmen con- 
 quered and amiexed the province, 
 all Swedes, who refused to accept 
 their rule, being shipped back to 
 Sweden. Together with New Amster- 
 dam, Delaware passed in 1664, from 
 Dutch rule, to that of the Duke of 
 York, by whom, in 1682, it was 
 granted to William Perm. The three 
 counties of Delaware remained under 
 the Penn proprietary government 
 imtil 1775, although after 1702, they 
 had a distinct Assembly. Delaware 
 entered earnestly into the Revolution, 
 
 sending into the field a splendid 
 Continental regiment, besides many 
 militiamen. 
 
 Delaware was one of ihe thirteen 
 original States and the first to ratify 
 the Constitution, which formed the 
 American Union. At the outbreak 
 of the Civil War, Delaware refused 
 the invitation to join the Confederate 
 States, on the contrary furnishing a 
 quota of nine regiments of infantry 
 to the Federal Army, a battalion 
 of cavalry and a light battery of 
 artillery whose services were signali- 
 sed by great valor. 
 
 The State takes its name from 
 Lord De la Warr, the first governor 
 of Virginia. Capt. Argall, a Virginian 
 navigator, named Delaware Bay in 
 honor of his chief, this title gradually 
 being applied to the peninsula. It 
 is sometimes termed the "Diamond 
 State", owing to its small size and 
 great valor. 
 
 Delaware is the smallest state in 
 the Union, except Rhode Island, 
 being but 93 miles in length, varying 
 from 9 to 38 miles in width. Dalawaxe 
 Bay is 13 miles wide, between Cape 
 Henlopen and Cape May; 25 miles 
 in the middle and three miles wide 
 at Delaware City. 
 
 The latitude of Delaware is 38", 28', 
 to 39", 50', its Longitude, 75» to 
 75^ 46'. 
 
 The population in 1860: 112, 216, 
 1890: 168, 498. 
 
 About a fifth part of the population 
 is colored. 
 
 DELAWARE CITY, Del. 
 A village of some importance, 
 
 84 
 
owing to its canned fruit industry 
 and as a shipping point for the 
 famous Delaware peaches, situated 
 on the Delaware River. The fruit 
 is of Persian origin, attaining its 
 highest perfection on the Chesapeake 
 peninsula. Major Reynolds founded 
 the peach growing industry, for 
 arising peaches for the market, about 
 1860. In a single year, the railway 
 has forwarded 10,000 car loads of 
 peaches. In twenty years, 55,000,000 
 baskets were produced here. 
 
 Fort Delaware is situated near 
 Delaware City, mounting 155 guns, 
 although not at present garrisoned. 
 
 DOVER, Del. 
 
 The Capital of Delaware, an 
 ancient and pleasant town, with some 
 3000 inhabitants, six miles from 
 Delaware Bay. It has broad and 
 shady streets, a very mild climate. 
 The Wilmington Conference Acad- 
 emy, a prosperous Methodist school, 
 A tall granite monument was erec- 
 ted in 1889, in the old Episcopal 
 Churchyard, to the memory of Gen. 
 Caesar Rodney, the Revolution- 
 ary patriot. A great fruit-canning 
 center. The delicious plum pudding 
 of Dover is shipped to England and 
 France. 
 
 Railroads : Philadelphia, Wilming- 
 ton & Ohio R. R. 
 
 LEWES, Del. 
 A quaint and old maritime hamlet, 
 the headquarters of the Delaware 
 Bay pilots. . There are eighteen 
 lighthouses on the coast, with a 
 supply depot at Edge Moor. There 
 is a tradition that the Dutch Green- 
 land Company planted the flag of 
 Holland at Lewes in 1598, settling 
 a colony here twenty-four years 
 later. Lewes was bombarded by 
 Lord Beresford during the Revolu- 
 tionary War. 
 
 NEWARK, Del. 
 An academic town, four miles 
 beyond the Maryland line, seat of 
 several excellent educational iastitu- 
 tions ; called the "Athens ofDelaware". 
 Delaware College, founded in 1833, 
 became a State Institution in 1870, 
 having at present, seven professors 
 and lOO students. It maintains 
 
 military drill, under the directions 
 of an army officer. An Agricultural 
 Experiment Station is connected 
 with the College. The Academy of 
 Newark, opened in 1766, has 100 
 pupils. Education has greatly im- 
 proved in Delaware since the Act 
 of 1875 and is paid for by local 
 taxation and the revenue of a State 
 Fund, established in 1796, from the 
 j)roceeds of marriage and tavern 
 licenses and augmented in 1836 by 
 Delaware's share of the United States 
 treasury surplus. 
 
 NEW CASTLE, Del. 
 The second largest town of 
 Delaware, with some 4000 inhab- 
 itants, named for and colonized by 
 the City of Amsterdam, later on, 
 captured by Sir Robert Carr, who 
 sold its Dutch garrison as slaves in 
 Virginia. The town is on the Bay, 
 five miles below Wilmington. It is 
 one of the quaintest of ancient 
 boroughs in America, for which 
 reason, very interesting to the 
 visitor. 
 
 REHOBOTH BEACH, Del. 
 Rehoboth is the seaside capital of 
 the Diamond State, facing the great 
 water highway for north and south 
 bound vessels that pass close before 
 its door. It is here all good Dela- 
 warians make at least one pilgrimage 
 during the season for the purpose 
 of enjoying the grand bathmg for 
 which the place is famous. The 
 beach is very fine while numerous 
 fresh-water lakes in the vicinity 
 aflord safe boating and good fishing. 
 The popularity of Rehoboth, on 
 account of the excellence of its rail- 
 way facilities, is extending, and it is 
 drawing many patrons from Wash- 
 ington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. 
 
 SMYRNA, Del. 
 A village of 2500 inhabitants, one 
 of the shipping points for the peach 
 trade of the State. 
 
 WILMINGTON, Del. 
 Formerly named WUlington, the 
 
 85 
 
metropolis of Delawaie, with 61, 431 
 inhabitants, on both banks of the 
 Christiana River and the rapid Brand)'- 
 wine; both being tide- water streams, 
 the Christiana servinpf as an excellent 
 harbor. The city lies on a gently 
 rolling upland and. is steadily ex- 
 tending over the dikes and drained 
 meadows of the Delaware River, 
 which flows three miles along its 
 eastern boundary. At this point, 
 65 miles from the Ocean and 28 miles 
 from Philadelphia, the Delaware is 
 three miles wide, with 30 ft. of water 
 at mid-tide, in its shoalest parts. 
 Wilmington was the first Em-opean 
 settlement in the Valley of the 
 Delaware. It has a High School, 
 23 public schools and a beautiful 
 natural Park along the Brandywine. 
 The Old Swedes Church, is one of 
 the most interesting of the ancient 
 buildings, having been founded in 
 1698 and the recipient of funds from 
 William Penn, a Bible from Queen 
 Anne and a Communion Sei-vice from 
 the miners of Sweden. It belongs 
 
 to fhe Fpiscopalians and its ivyclad 
 brick walls, rise amidst an ancient 
 grave -yard. The manufactures of 
 Wilmington are very extensive, em- 
 bracing ship buildmg, car manu- 
 factories, cotton and woolen factories, 
 flour and powder mills, shoe and 
 leather factories. Reached by the 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 /. Deaville, 9 East 7th St., Wil- 
 mington, Del. 
 
 Nicolas Fidance, 604 Scott St., 
 Wilmington, Del. 
 
 Henry Kleinstuber, 708 Walnut St., 
 Wilmington, Del. 
 
 WOODLAND BEACH, Del. 
 
 One of the most popular seaside 
 resorts, on Delaware Bay, in Delawai-e. 
 In the vicinity are several nice 
 summer resting places, with large 
 hotels and cottages. 
 
 86 
 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 BaUimore & Ohio Station, at New 
 Jersey Avenue and C Street, Cable 
 and horse cars may be taken here 
 for any part of the city also hacks 
 and baggage — wagons. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Station, at 
 Sixth and B Streets. 
 
 A metal star in the floor, near the 
 inner entrance to the ladies' waiting- 
 room, marks the spot, where President 
 Garfield was assassinated July 2, 1881. 
 
 The Steamboat Landing for all 
 Potomac boats and ferries is at the 
 foot of Seventh Street. 
 
 The Street-Car System of the city 
 is extensive and convenient, and 
 lines of herdic coaches run upon 
 some streets not traversed by tram- 
 ways. Most of the tramways are 
 operated either by cables or by the 
 conduit system of imdergroimd 
 trolleys, first made effective here. 
 No overhead trolley wires are allowed 
 within the city proper. The fare is 
 5 cents ; but all the lines sell packages 
 of six tickets for 25 cents, good upon 
 any and every line of street-cars or 
 herdics. The system of free transfer 
 is so extensive that a person rarely 
 has to pay two fares within the city 
 limits. 
 
 Hacks and Cabs are numerous, 
 and not expensive, and the smooth 
 asphalt pavements make their use a 
 pleasure. The authoriiced rates are 
 as follows: 
 
 One horse Vehicle in daytime 
 between 5 A. M. and 12,i]0 A. M. 
 each passenger, for fifteen squares 
 or less, 25 cents, each additional 
 
 five squares or less, 10 cents. Night 
 rates between 12,30A.M. and 5 A.M., 
 each passenger for the fi!rst jifteen 
 squares or less, 40 cents; each 
 additional 5 squar-es or less, 15 cents. 
 
 By the hour, in daytime first hour 
 75 cents ; each additional quarter hour 
 or fraction, thereof, 20 cents for one 
 or two passenger. Three or fom- 
 passengers, first hour, $ 1; each 
 additional quarter hour or part 
 thereof, 25 cents. Night rates about 
 double these. 
 
 Tzvo horse Vehicles: About double 
 the rates for one-horse vehicles. 
 
 The Hotels of Washington are as 
 numerous as would be expected in 
 a city so constantly frequented by 
 visitors. 
 
 Hotels: Washington has splendid 
 hotel accommodations. One of the 
 most modern hotels, is The Raleigh, 
 corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 
 Twelfth Street, Mr. T. I. Taltj^ 
 Manager. The hotel is an imposing 
 structure, seven stories and ab- 
 solutely fire-proof; not an inch of 
 inflammable material has been used 
 in its construction. It contains about 
 250 comfortable rooms, a Cafe, Buffet, 
 Ladies' Cafe, Dining Room, Banquet 
 and private dining rooms. Cigar and 
 News Room, Writing Room etc. The 
 Raleigh is conducted on the European 
 plan only. Room from 1,50 upwards. 
 
 The Shoreham js most advan- 
 tageously situated, being in the 
 center of the most fashionable section 
 of the city, accessible from all points 
 of interest, within five minutes walk 
 of the Executive Mansion, War, Na\y, 
 
 86a 
 
State and Treasury Departments. The 
 Shorehjim has all the conveniences 
 of modem architecture and is con- 
 ducted on the American and European 
 ?lcins. The proprietor, Mr. John 
 '. Devine, is well known in social 
 and hotel circles. 
 
 Riggs House, opposite the U. S. 
 Treasury and one block from the 
 White House, Proprietor, Mi". O. G. 
 Staples, is one of the best hotels of 
 the National Capital; it is heated by 
 steam, has electric light. Cuisine 
 and service are excellent. The 
 location is a line one. Electric cars, 
 to all points of interest, pass the 
 notel. The rates are $ B.UU a day and 
 upwards. 
 
 Willard's Holel, corner of 14 th 
 St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, is a 
 good comfortable, homelike house, 
 run by the Manager, Mr. G. De 
 Witt, _ on liberal principles. The 
 table is unsurpassed and at moderate 
 prices. It is one of Washington's 
 historic hotels, belonging to Mr. O. 
 G. Staples. Rates $ 2,00 per day and 
 upward. 
 
 National Hotel, corner 6 th St. and 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite the 
 Peim. R. R. Depot; steam heating, 
 electric light and modem plumbing 
 throughout. This hotel has recently 
 been renovated and refitted in first 
 class shape, being conducted by its 
 managers, Messrs G. De Witt & 
 Walter Bolton, on both American 
 cind European plans. The table is 
 first class. Rates: American plai;, 
 2,50 per day and upwards ; European 
 
 Slan, 1,00 per day and upwards. The 
 National belongs to Mr. O. G. Staples. 
 Congressional Hotel, Henry Brock, 
 proprietor, is situated on the summit 
 of Capitol Hill, directly at the main 
 entrance to the U. S. Capitol. The 
 Hotel is centrally situated, as all the 
 Departments, hotels, theaters, Rail- 
 road depots and places of amusement, 
 are within a few minutes ride of this 
 house. All the servants speak German 
 and English. The hotel is conducted 
 on both the American and European 
 plans._ Rates: 2,00 and upwai-ds, 
 American plan; 1,00 and upwards, 
 European plan. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Hotel, Mrs. 
 Katie Schluderberg, proprietress, 
 
 is on the comer of New Jersey 
 Avenue and C Street. N. W., opposite 
 the B. & O. Depot and within con- 
 venient reach of all places of amuse- 
 ment and car lines. The hotel is 
 conducted on the European plan and 
 has . been recently remodeled and 
 refurnished throughout. 
 
 Ernst Gerstenberg's Hotel and 
 Restaurant, to be recommended to 
 lovers of German beer and Deli- 
 catessen. The favorite Wtirzburger 
 Ho/brdu and Liebotschauer are 
 always on draught here. Imported 
 Rhine, Mosel and Bordeaux wines 
 are at all times in stock. Mr. Gersten- 
 berg's Poultry and Vegetable Fai-m 
 contributes its share to the excellent 
 table of his Restaurant. 
 
 Fritz Reuter, Hotel and Restaur- 
 ant, is another German hotel and 
 restaurant, in Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 frequented by persons fond of good 
 dishes and excellent beer. 
 
 Harvey's Oyster House and 
 Restaurant, 1016 Pennsylvania Av- 
 enue, between the Capitol and the 
 Presidential Mansion, is one of the 
 old landmarks of the city. Established 
 forty years ago, it has in that 
 time entertained all the men of 
 distinction in the United States and 
 many celebrities from abroad. It 
 is the best place in the world to 
 obtain the three most dehcious dishes 
 of the American Continent; viz.. 
 Oysters, Diamond back Terrapin 
 and Canvas back Duck; also all 
 varieties of sea food, or, in fact, any 
 dish, known to gastronomy. Har- 
 vey's enjoys a national reputation, 
 which is fully sustained to this 
 day; he is the originator of the 
 celelsrated dish, steamed oysters. 
 Visiting the National Capital of the 
 United States, without calling at 
 Harvey's, would be like missing the 
 Capitol, Library, or any of the great 
 pubUc buildings. 
 
 SITUATION AND HISTORY OF 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 The capital city of the United 
 States is situated in the District of 
 Columbia. Its peculiar origin, its 
 constitution and history account for 
 many of the pecularities of the City. 
 In 1790 the first Congress of the 
 
 86b 
 
©. 
 
 £> 
 
 
 N 
 
 d 
 
 #•■ 
 
 ^IGGS ifoUSE 
 
 \\?ASHINGrON D. e. 
 
 r. 
 
 r7 '".'^ ^f'-'. 
 
 19 
 
 OPPOSITE US TREASURY 
 ONE BLOCK FROM THE WHITE MOUSE. 
 
 The Hotel Par Excellence 
 
 OP THE 
 
 NATIONAL CAPITOL 
 
 Cable, Electric and Horse Cars Pass the Doors to all 
 Parts of the City. Ai 
 
 O. G. Staples, Proprietor. \ 
 
 (L 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 
 86 c 
 

 
A'^ „ A'i- A'^i i>'i' Jf'i. ii »»"!. .^"'^ •><''% j!"'. ^X'. 
 
 Tlie ^aleiffi 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, Corner 12'^ Street 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 OPPOSITE NEW CITY POST OFFICE. 
 
 Accessible to all points of interest in the City. 
 
 Entire construction absolutely fire-pfoof, 
 93 T. J. Talty, Manager. 
 
 *^y&/. £7tr £^i'ir *'VS/. A% 
 
 ii'^ 
 
 »»"«■ 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 87 
 
 S. k 6. JCotel 
 
 Katie Schluderberg, Propr, 
 
 EUROPEAN PLAN. 
 
 COR. NEW JERSEV ftVE. AND G. STREET, N.W. 
 
 Opposite the B.. & 0. Depot 
 
 convenient to all places of amusement and car lines. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 86f 
 
United States accepted from the 
 States of Maryland and Virginia a 
 tract ten miles square on the Potomac. 
 In 1846 Virginia's portion — some 
 36 square miles south of the river — 
 was ceded back to her. President 
 Washington appointed three com- 
 missioners, to purchase the land 
 from its owners, and to provide 
 suitable buildings for the President, 
 Congress, and the public offices of 
 the Government. Charles L'Enfant, 
 a French engineer who had fought 
 in the Revolution as a major, was 
 appointed to lay out the city withia 
 the district. Though dismissed for 
 lack of discipline his plan was 
 followed by his successor and former 
 assistent Ulicott. Hence the radiating 
 broad avenues, superimposed upon 
 a plan of rectilinear streets, which 
 intersect the avenues at many angles. 
 
 The avenues were named after the 
 States, and in a certam order. By 
 reason of its midway and influential 
 position, that had already given it 
 the excellent sobriquet, Keystone 
 State, Pennsylvania was entitled to 
 the name of the great central avenue. 
 The avenues south of this, received 
 the names of the Southern States; 
 the avenues which crossed Pennsyl- 
 vania were named after the Middle 
 States, Maryland, Delaware, New 
 Jersey, and 'Mew York, while the 
 New England States were left to 
 designate the avenues then regarded 
 as remote possibilities among the 
 swamps and hiUs of the northwest. 
 The curious way in which the capital 
 has developed along the lines of the 
 last-naaied group is typical of the 
 growth and change in the rest 
 of the whole country since L'Eiifant's 
 day. 
 
 The rectilinear streets run exactly 
 north and south and east and west. 
 The streets rimnuig east and west 
 are known by the letters o.f the 
 alphabet, so we have North A and 
 South A, North B and South B, and 
 so on; at right angles to the alphabet- 
 ical streets are the streets bearing 
 numbers, and beginning their house 
 enumeration at a line ruiming due 
 north and south through the Capitol. 
 This divides the city into for quarters, 
 Northwest, Northeast, Southeast and 
 Southwest, each with its own set of 
 
 numbers for the houses, arranged 
 upon the decimal system — that is, 
 100 numbers for each block. This 
 is repeated in a direction away from 
 each of the Capitol streets; all 
 addresses, therefore, should bear the 
 added designation of the quarter by 
 its initials — N. W., N. E., S. E., or 
 S. W. In this description, as nearly 
 everything mentioned is in the 
 Northwest Quarter, these initials are 
 imiformly omitted for that quarter, 
 but are always supplied eleswhere. 
 
 In 1800 the seat of Government 
 was established in Washington, which 
 was first called so, it is said by the 
 Commissioners in 1791. The General 
 himself, who was its most active 
 promoter, always spoke of it as the 
 Federal City. The town had only 
 3,000 inhabitants. But it grew until 
 1814, when it was captured by the 
 British, who set fire to the public 
 buildings. The town was nearly 
 destroyed. After the British had left, 
 the town was immediately rebuilt, 
 and in 1860 it contained 60,000 
 inhabitants. During the Civil war it 
 was so weU protected by forts, that 
 it was threatened only once. When 
 the war was over, the population had 
 grown to 140,000 and the city has 
 since been constantly improved. 
 
 The population today is about 
 275,000. About one third of the 
 population is colored. 
 
 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 The principal building and mon- 
 ument in Washington is the Capitol. 
 
 The great advantage that the city 
 enjoys m having been intelligently 
 planned before any building of conse- 
 quence had been begun, is signally 
 shown in the choice of this central 
 and sightly hilltop as the position 
 of the Capitol. The grounds m front 
 of the building were made perfectly 
 level, but in the reair they sloped 
 downward some eighty feet to the 
 Potomac flats, which are overflowed 
 occasionally, even yet. The present 
 arrangement of the park dates from 
 1874, when it was enlarged to its 
 present enclosure of forty-six acres, 
 and beautified by the late Frederick 
 Law Olmstead. The splendid marble 
 terraces on the western side of 
 
 86g 
 
the building, and their ornamental 
 approaches, together costing $200,000, 
 are a part of the general scheme ol 
 out-door decoration, which each year 
 becomes more admirable as the trees 
 and shrubberies mature. A pretty 
 featiure of the northwestern pax't of 
 the park is the ivy-covered rest-house, 
 one window of which looks into a 
 grotto. The low stone tower.s, 
 becoming vine-covered, in the western 
 parts of the park, are the orifices 
 through which is drawn the supply 
 of fresh air for the ventilation of the 
 Senate chamber and hall of Represent- 
 atives. Immediately in front (east) 
 of the Capitol is the Plaza, where 
 vast crowds assemble to witness 
 
 presidential inaugurations, and where 
 the street-cars and carriages land 
 their passengers; and here, facing 
 the main entrance, stands Greenough' s 
 Siaitie of Washington, silting m a 
 curule chair, as the first great tribune 
 of the American people. 
 
 As a work of art it has caused 
 great controversy among people of 
 taste. 
 
 The Capitol was begun in 1790. 
 In 1800 only the north wing or that 
 part of the main building containing 
 the present Supreme Court rooms 
 was finished; the opposite wing was 
 not finished till 1811. A wooden 
 passageway connected them across 
 the space nOw occupied by the 
 
 E3S'T'.,ft^^i-,isi3::E3X) i3tT isse 
 
 OYSTER HOUSE AND RESTAURANT 
 
 92 for Ladles and Gentlemen 
 
 1016 PENSYLVANIA AVENUE 
 
 Corner of Eleventh Street, N. W. 
 
 WASHINGTON D.C. 
 
 basements of the rotunda. "When, 
 111 1814, the British captured the 
 city they entered the legislative halls, 
 held a mock session of Congi-ess, 
 and soon the building was in flames. 
 In 1815 Congress authorized the 
 Secretary of the Treasury to borrow 
 $ 500,000 to begin repairs( for the walls 
 stood), and in 1818 undertook the 
 erection of the central part. B. II. 
 Latrobe took the architectural super- 
 intendence of the restoration, while 
 the new central structure was planned 
 and supervised by Charles Bulfinch. 
 The original building was completed 
 in 1827, at a cost, including the 
 grading of the grounds, repairs, etc., 
 
 of not quite $ 2,500,000. A fire iu 
 the library compelled the rebuilding 
 of the western front in 1751, when 
 additions were made, and the same 
 year the corner-stones of the exten- 
 sions, now known as the House and 
 Senate wings, were laid; but these 
 were not completed until 1859 (at 
 a cost of nearly $ 9,000,000). Mean- 
 while the low wooden dome which 
 had temporarily covered the rotunda 
 was removed in 1856, and the 
 erection of the present iron dome 
 was begun. 
 
 Add to the sums above noted, a mil- 
 lion dollars for additional space for 
 the giounds and the obtaining of water, 
 
 86h 
 
two millions for improvements of 
 the grounds and terraces, another 
 million for repairs and improvements 
 on the bmlding itself, and various 
 other items, and the cost of the Capi- 
 tol up to the present time, approaches 
 $ 15,000,000. 
 
 The Front. The original and 
 proper front of the Capitol is the 
 eastern, and the city has grown 
 behiud rather than before the state 
 house of the nation, as it was 
 expected to do. This contingency 
 has been met by improvements at 
 the rear of the building to increase 
 the stateliaess of its approaches, so 
 that the Capitol now has two faces, 
 different, but substantially equal in 
 merit. This new western front, 
 although on the side from which 
 most visitors approach, requires a 
 long, toilsome climbing of terraces 
 and steps; whereas the street-cars 
 and herdics carry passengers to the 
 
 level of the basement on the south 
 side, and on the north side almost 
 to the very entrance. It is therefore 
 easier, as well as more proper, to 
 begin one's survey of thfe great 
 structui-e at the architect's original 
 front door. 
 
 This eastern front is the one 
 usually represented in pictures, and 
 it is imposing from every stand- 
 point. One of the most satisfactory 
 views of it is that obtained from 
 the little car-passengers' shelter on 
 the north side of the grounds. The 
 massive and classic proportions of 
 the Senate wing are near at hand, 
 and its ornamental front cuts deeply 
 into the dome, whose supports sink 
 away in grand perspective to the 
 Representative wing, while the majes- 
 tic dome itself rises tier upon tier 
 of columns and circling architraves 
 to its convergent roof and statue- 
 crowned tholus. There is a wonderful 
 
 Chr. Heurich Brewing Co. 
 
 25 th 26 th D and Water Streets, N. W. 
 100 WASHINGTON, D. C 
 
 Model Brewery of America. 
 
 HeUrich'S "MAERZEN" is considered superior to the imported 
 Visitors esp ecially invited! -^=^=— 
 
 861 
 

 THE SHOREHAM, Washington D. C. 
 
 89 John T. Devine. 
 
 ERNST GERSTENBERG 
 
 1343 PENNSYLVANIA AVE. WASHINGTON D. C. 
 
 The only place for Wt^RZBURGBR HOFBRAU, PILSBNER and 
 other imported beers on draught. 
 
 Also all GERMAN DELICATESSEN in season. 
 
 Gerstenberg Poultry and Vegetable FARM. 
 
 Main Office WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 86 k 
 
frocks Congressional 
 
 NEW JERSEY AVE. and B. ST. S. E. 
 
 WASHINGTON D. C. 
 
 3lC "■ 
 
 Situated near the Capitol and Library. — 
 
 Guests accomodated with 
 DELIGHTFUL, AIRY AND WELL VENTILATED ROOMS. 
 
 Cable Cars from Ra ilroad Depots pass m Front o/ this Lotel, 
 and to all points of interest. 
 
 tHinsiges reulfc|)es liotel in: IPagt^ingtow. 
 
 90 
 
 HENRY BROCK, prop. 
 
 -T^r 
 
 pj^ ?y f^/ ?y 1^ xy^ :^ t'^ f^ y 
 
 TtestaiiT-atit unci Oaf*e Sans soiici, 
 
 Sammelpunkt und Hauptquartier aller europaischen Touristen. Bests Lage 
 
 WashingtoDS, an der beriihmteQ Pennsylvania Avenue, Ecke 4V2 Strasse. 
 
 Sammtliche Bahnhofe in der Nahe. Das Cafe Sans souci geliQrt zu den 
 
 SehenswUrdigkeiten der Stadt. 
 
 Deutsche Kiiehe und Bedienung". ss 
 
 Table d'hote und ^ la carte. * Massige Preise. 
 
 Fritz Reuter, Eigenthiimer. 
 
 861 
 
feeling of breadth and gi-anrleur, yet 
 of buoyancy, in this oblique aspect 
 of the noble pile — all sunny white, 
 save the color in the folds of the flag. 
 
 The Capitol is 751 feet long, 350 
 feet in greatest width and covers 
 nearly four acres of ground, with 
 153,112 square feet of floor space. 
 It is 155 feet high to the cornices 
 of the main roof, or 288 feet to the 
 crest of the Liberty statue. The 
 dome of St. Paul's, in London, 
 measures 404 feet to the top of its 
 cross. The architecture is modified 
 Corinthian upon a rustic base, plus 
 a dome, and the material of the 
 older central part is Vu-ginia (Aquia 
 Creek) sandstone, painted white, but 
 the newer wings are built of Mas- 
 sachusetts marble. 
 
 In front of the building stretches 
 a broad paved plaza, and three flights 
 of broad steps lead up to the central 
 entrance and to each wing, lending 
 a very effective appearance of breadth 
 and solidity to the whole mass, whose 
 walls are largely hidden by the rows 
 of monolithic, fluted columns of 
 Maryland marble that sustain the 
 three broad porticos. The porticos 
 of the wmgs have each twenty-two 
 columns, and ten more columns on 
 each of the northern and western 
 fronts. The facjade of the northern 
 wing, where the Senate sits, is 
 doubly adorned. The tympanum is 
 filled with an immense group by 
 Thomas Crawford. This masterwork 
 of the talented artist will repay care- 
 ful study. 
 
 The gj-and Central portico, which 
 dates from 1825, is 160 feet wide 
 and has twenty-four columns sup- 
 porting a pediment of 80 feet span 
 filled with an allegorical group cut 
 in sandstone, representing the "Gen- 
 ius of America." From the level 
 of the portico entered, two great 
 buttresses, each adorned with pieces 
 of colossal statuary in marble. That 
 upon the south side represents Co- 
 lumbus. The sculptor was Pessicc 
 (1896). The opposite group, on the 
 uorthside, represents "Civilization", 
 or "First Settlement of America" by 
 Greenough. 
 
 The inauguration of Presidents of 
 the United States has taken place 
 
 86 
 
 upon this portico since the time of 
 Jackson. 
 
 Among the most interesting ob- 
 jects at the Capitol is the Rogers 
 bronze door in the center of the 
 portico. This door opens directly 
 into the rotunda under the dome. 
 On each side of this very imposing 
 entrance are statues of 'War" ami 
 "Peace" by Persico. Above the 
 door is a bust of Washington. 
 
 The Rotunda occupies nearly the 
 whole width of the center of the 
 building. It is 180 feet high to the 
 canopy and its center is the center 
 of the' Capitol. 
 
 Four doors open out of the ro- 
 tunda. Over each is a marble panel 
 in high relief representing respect- 
 ivily: over the eastern door "Land- 
 ing of the Pilgrims" ; over the north- 
 ern, "William Penn making a treaty 
 with the Delaware Indians"; over the 
 southern: "Daniel Boone in conflict 
 with the Indians"; over the western 
 door is "Pocahontas saving the life 
 of John Smith". The lower wall 
 spaces are adorned by historical 
 paintings. Most of these decorations 
 were made between 1824 and 183'J. 
 
 On the Canopy of the Dome is Bru- 
 midi's masterpiece, "The Apotheosis 
 of Washington". (To be examined 
 from the gallery.) 
 
 The ascent of the Dome may be 
 made by a stakway of 376 steps. 
 An exceedingly interesting view can. 
 however, be obtained from the great 
 galleries, which encircle the base o!" 
 the dome. The view is similar to 
 that obtained from the summit of 
 the Washington monument, which 
 can be reached by an elevator. 
 
 The eastern door of the rotunda 
 opens upon the gxand portico of the 
 eastern front. 
 
 The zvestern door leads to a rear 
 stauway descending a narrow hall 
 to the rear entrance of the CapiUil 
 and Pennsylvania Avenue. It also 
 opens around the head of the stair- 
 way to the old Congressional Li- 
 brarj^ now moved into a magnifi- 
 cent new building. The old library 
 rooms occupy all the spaces in the 
 western front of the central building, 
 and open upon a balcony which 
 m 
 
gives an exceedinglv interesting view 
 toward the river, the Treasury, and 
 the principal part of the city. 
 
 The northern door leads to the 
 Supreme Court and beyond that, to 
 the Senate Chamber. 
 
 The southern door admits to Sta- 
 tuary Hall and the House of Rep- 
 resentatives, in the southern ex- 
 tension. 
 
 Statuary Hall. — Is a semi-cir- 
 cular hall ninety-five feet in greatest 
 width, whose ceiling is a hall-dome 
 sixty feet high, beneath which is a 
 spacious gallery filled with the Li- 
 brary of the House of Representa- 
 tives. This was the Hall of Repre- 
 sentatives of the original Capitol, 
 and as first built it was an oblong 
 rectangular room. In rebuilding it, 
 after the fire of 1814, Latrobe con- 
 verted it into a semi-circular room. 
 At the southern end is a grand arch, 
 supported by columns of Potomac 
 variegated marble (breccia), with 
 white Italian capitals copied from 
 relics in the ruins of Athens. Many 
 other similar pillars form a colon- 
 nade about the room and sustain 
 the profusely paneled ceiling. The 
 cupola, which admits such poor light 
 as the room now gets, is made after 
 the Roman Pantheon. Many fine 
 statues are in this room. The hall 
 has surprising acoustic properties, 
 which the Capitol guides have learn- 
 ed, and apply to the amusement 
 of sightseers. 
 
 Leaving Statuary Hall by the door 
 under the aixh, we enter the House 
 of Representatives. It is an ele- 
 gant but not overornamented room. 
 White and gold is the prevailing 
 tone. Paintings : Washington as Pre- 
 sident; Lafayette, "King's River 
 Canon", "Discovery of the Hudson". 
 
 Corridors with decorated ceUings 
 and other adornments surround the 
 House. 
 
 A double stauxase leads to the 
 g'allery floors, which contain many 
 fresco's and statues and pictm-es of 
 gieat value. 
 
 The rooms beyond the stah-case 
 are offices 
 
 A wonderful stairway leads down 
 to the conmxittee rooms. 
 
 The House "^.obby is richly fur- 
 nished and contains many portraits. 
 
 Another stairway, turning to the 
 le:t, leads to more committee rooms 
 on the eastern front of this wing. 
 The one on MUitary Affairs contains 
 a fine collection of paintings of the 
 principal forts of the Republic. 
 From there, the Eastern Grand Stak-- 
 case ascends to the galleiy floor. 
 At its foot, is the statue of Thomas 
 Jefferson. We see the paintmg of 
 F. B. Cai-penter. "Signmg of the 
 Proclamation of Emancipation", and 
 ascend to the attic floor. Portraits 
 of Henry Clay, Charles Carroll and 
 Gunning Bedford hang at the top 
 of the s tan-case. 
 
 In the basement of the House is 
 the House post office, office rooms, 
 a public restaurant and elaborate 
 bath-rooms for Representatives. 
 
 In some of the rooms are decorations 
 worth examining. 
 
 A corridor extends from end to 
 end of the basement; following it, we 
 reach the Senate wing. Halfway 
 down this corridor we come to the 
 Crypt, an apartment formed of the 
 spaces between the forty Doric 
 columns that support the niassive 
 brick arches upon which is laid the 
 floor of the rotunda; a star in the 
 pavement marks the center of 
 the building immediately beneath the 
 dome. A large part of the crypt h; s 
 been walled off for storage of library 
 books. A passage to the left leads 
 out to the western entrance and up- 
 stairs into the rotunda; and another 
 leads to the basement doors under 
 the grand portico of the eastern 
 front. 
 
 The Undercroft is the name 
 applied to the vault beneath the 
 crypt, intended by the founders of 
 the Republic as the mausoleum of 
 Washington and his family; but 
 these good people preferred to be 
 buried at Mt. Vernon, and the 
 "undercroft" remains empty. 
 
 Passing onward, a few steps take 
 one past the light-shaft to the door 
 ("on the right) of the old Supreme 
 Court Chamber, immediately under 
 the present chamber. It was in this 
 room, now filled with the exceedingly 
 
 86n 
 
full and valuable law library of the 
 coui't, that all the great cases were 
 heard previous to 1857. A few 
 steps farther, carry one out of the 
 old mam building and into the 
 
 Basement of the Senate Wing. 
 Here there is a public restaurant, 
 public lavatories ■ for both men and 
 women, and many offices and commit- 
 tee rooms. All the corridors and 
 vestibules at this end are weU 
 lighted, and the walls and ceilings 
 are very profusely and elaborately 
 decorated with miiral designs in the 
 Italian manner, daintily drawn and 
 brightly colored. Among them are 
 many portraits. The vestibule of 
 the Senate post office, in the north- 
 west corner,isparticularlypictm-esque, 
 having over the post-office door a 
 large paintiug of Fulton, pointing, as 
 if from a balcony, to his first steam- 
 boat, the Claremont, passing the 
 Palisades of the Hudson. The door 
 of the Committee on Post-Office 
 Affair's is suitably indicated by a 
 sprightly picture of Franklin, who 
 organized the American post olfice; 
 while over the opposite door is a 
 likeness of Fitch, Fulton's competitor 
 in developing the idea of steam 
 navigation. 
 
 Other especially fine frescoes are 
 to be seen in the room of the Senate 
 committees on Indian Affairs, Naval 
 Affairs, Military Affairs (whereRevplu- 
 tionai-y battles arepictured inglorious 
 colors), and Foreign Affaks; the 
 doors of the latter and of the 
 Committee on Patents are further 
 distinguished by frescoes by Brumidi 
 above the lintels — in the former 
 case "The Signing of the Treaty of 
 Ghent," and in the latter a full- 
 length pictmre of Robert Fulton. 
 
 A stairway at both ends of the 
 main corridor leads to the principal 
 story of the Senate wiag. Corridors 
 extend around the Senate Chamber, 
 which occupies the center of the wing. 
 
 Busts of all the Vice-Presidents 
 are being placed in niches in the 
 walls, a recent embellishment, of 
 which the following is a roster, with 
 the names of the sculptors: 
 
 John Adams (Daniel C. French), 
 Thomas Jefferson (M. Ezekiel), Aaron 
 
 86 
 
 Burr (Jacques Toavenal), George 
 Clinton fVictor A. Crane), Elbridge 
 Gerry (Herbert Adams), Daniel 
 Tomkins (C. H. Niehaus), Martin Van 
 Buren (U. S. J. Dunbar), George M. 
 Dallas, fH. J. EUicott), Hannib^ 
 Hamlin (Franklin Simmons), Henry 
 Wilson (Dan. C. French), W. A. 
 Wheeler (Edwin Potter), Chester 
 A. Arthur (Aug. St. Gaudens), Thomas 
 A. Hendricks (U. S. J. Dunbar), Levi 
 P. Morton (F. Edwin Elwell), Adlai 
 E. Stevenson (Franklin Simmons). 
 Busts of Calhoim and R. M. Johnson 
 are not yet ready. 
 
 Outside the Senate Chamber many 
 interesting things are to be seen on 
 the main floor, i&iong others, portrait 
 of Washington by Stuart, opposite, 
 a portrait of John Adams, the mag- 
 nificent eastern staircase of marble; 
 at its foot, the marble statue of 
 Benjamin Franklin. On the wall of 
 the stair landing, Powell's painting 
 of Oliver P. Perry at the battle of 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 Just beyond the staircase is a 
 vestibule with coupled columns ol 
 white marble. It opens upon the 
 eastern portico thiough another 
 pair of Bronze Doors. 
 
 The Senate Committee and recep- 
 tion rooms are finely decorated and 
 the frescos worth studying; one of 
 the most beautiful, is the "Marble 
 Room". Next west of this splendid 
 saloon is the "President's Room", 
 brilliantly decorated. 
 
 Ascending the western grand stair- 
 case of white marble to the galley 
 floor the visitor looks at the statue 
 of Jolm Hancock. On the wall of 
 the landing is a large historical 
 painting „Storming of Chepultepec." 
 This corridor leads to a reserved 
 gallery of the Senate and other 
 committee rooms. 
 
 At the head of the eastern grand 
 stairway, the painting of the "Recall 
 of Columbus" merits close attention. 
 Immediately beyond the stahway are 
 two halls, one looking out upon the 
 plaza and another northward, 
 containing fine tilings and some 
 notable pictures. 
 
 Descending by the eastern grand 
 staixway to the main floor the visito 
 
ought not to miss examining the 
 beautiful portraits of Thomas Jefferson 
 and Patrick Henry upon the wall of 
 the western end of the maiu corridor. 
 
 The Stipreme Court chamber is 
 next to be iuspected. Any one may 
 enter and to sit at the rear of this 
 old hall when court is ia session, is 
 an impressive experience. 
 
 This completes the tour of the 
 Capitol. From the rotunda the visitor 
 emerges upon the terrace, a broad 
 esplanade. 
 
 Broad flights and stairs, parting 
 right and left about a fotmtaia, lead 
 down to a lower terrace, in the 
 center of which, is a bronze sitting 
 figure of Chief Justice Mai-shaU. 
 
 From this statue, walks descend 
 on the right to Pennsylvania Avenue 
 and the "Peace Monument". On 
 the left to Maryland Avenue and 
 the Garfield Monument. 
 
 Other monumental buUdiugs in 
 the Capital are : 
 
 The New Building for the Li- 
 brary of Congress in a sort of Ita- 
 lian Renaissance style. The central 
 pavUion on the front toward the 
 Capitol is enriched just below the 
 roof by four colossal figures, repre- 
 senting Atlas and a series of busts 
 of great authors. The cost of the 
 building was $ 6,250,000. 
 
 It is splendidly decorated and no- 
 thing in the world surpasses the 
 artistic splendor of the great ro- 
 tunda, where the practical work of 
 the library concentrates. An under- 
 ground tunnel four feet wide and 
 six feet high has been made be- 
 tween the Ubrary and the Capitol, 
 containing a cable carrier, upon 
 which books may be sent back and 
 forth at great speed. 
 
 CAPITOL HILL. 
 
 Capitol HOI is the name of the 
 plateau of the Capitol. It is one of 
 the handsomest parts of the city 
 with its own shady avenues, cross 
 streets and parks. In Stanton Square 
 is the statue of Maj. Gen. Nathaniel 
 Greene. The Peabody School fronts 
 this square, which is reached by 
 the Eckington street car. Half a 
 mile farther down Massachusetts 
 
 Avenue, is Lincoln Square. Here 
 Tennessee and Kentucky avenues 
 branch off northward and southward. 
 In Lincoln Square, the most noted 
 Statue is the monument to the 
 "Emancipation of the Slaves". In 
 the center of the Square is the 
 famous sycamore tree. From this 
 park to the Capitol is a wide avenue 
 "East Capitol Street". At the 
 eastern terminus of Massachusetts 
 Avenue, on "Hospital Square", are 
 the District, Almshouse, the Work- 
 house, and the stone jad. Some 
 distance away, on Bladensburg Road, 
 are the buildings of the Boys' Re- 
 form School. 
 
 Christ Church, erected in 1795, is 
 the oldest church in the city (on 
 G Street, S. E. between Sixth and 
 Seventh). (Protestant Episcopal.) 
 
 Christ Church Cemetery adjoins 
 the grounds of the workhouse and 
 contains the graves and cenotaphs 
 of many persons once prominent in 
 official life. Congress contributes 
 toward the support of this cemeterJ^ 
 Street cars at Lincoln Square, ten 
 minutes walk, or to the navy Yard, 
 twenty minutes walk along K Street, 
 S. E., and Georgia Avenue. 
 
 The Navy Yard is one of the 
 places which visitors to Washington 
 are usually most anxious to see, but 
 it usually offers little to reward their 
 curiosity outside of the gtm shop. 
 The navy yards at Brooklyn, Ports- 
 mouth, and Norfolk are aU far more 
 interesting. It stands on the banks 
 of the broad tidal estuary of the 
 Anacostia River, at the foot of 
 Eighth Street, S. E., and is the ter- 
 minus of the cable-cars from George- 
 towTi along Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 The Anacostia line of street-cars 
 along M Street, 5. E., also passes 
 the gate. 
 
 The Gun Shop. — The first great 
 budding on the right, at the foot of 
 the stone stairs, is the most inter- 
 esting place in the yard. It is 
 filled with the most powerful and 
 approved machinery tor turning, bor- 
 ing, rifling, jacketing, and other- 
 wise finishing ready for work the 
 immense rifles required for modern 
 battle-ships, as weU as the smaller 
 B 5 
 
rapid-fire guns forming the supple- 
 mentary batteries of the cruisers 
 and otlier vessels of war. Observ- 
 ing carefully the posted regula- 
 tions, the visitor may walk where 
 he pleases through these magnifi- 
 cent factories and watch the extreme- 
 ly interesting process, and should 
 it happen that any vessels of war 
 are in the harbor, permission to go 
 on bo£a"d of them can be obtained 
 at all suitable hours. 
 
 The Marine Barracks, a couple of 
 squares above the Navy Yard, on 
 Eight Street, S. E., occupy a square 
 surrovmded by brick buildings ; they 
 are the headquarters of the Marine 
 Corps, but contain nothing of inter- 
 est for the visitor. 
 
 The Naval Hospital, for sick and 
 wounded officers and men of the 
 Navy and Marine Corps, is at Penn- 
 sylvania Avenue and Ninth Street, 
 S. E. ; and at Second and D streets, 
 S. E., is Providence Hospital, found- 
 ed in 1862, whose rear windows 
 overlook the fine old Duddington 
 Manor. 
 
 AnacosHa is a name applied in an 
 indefinite way to the region oppo- 
 site the Navy Vai-d, and is reached 
 by a bridge at the foot of Eleventh 
 Street, crossed by the street-cars of 
 the Anacostia & Potomac line. The 
 village at the farther end of the 
 bridge, now called Anacostia, was 
 formerly Uniontown, and from it 
 branch roads lead up on the Mary- 
 land Heights in various directions, 
 where subm'ban villas and park- 
 villages are rapidly extending. Twin- 
 ing, at the eastern end of the 
 Pennsylvania Avenue bridge; Lin- 
 coln Heights, in the extreme eastern 
 corner of the district; Gai-field and 
 Good Hope, on the fine Marlboro 
 Tm-npike, which is a favorite run 
 for cyclers and where there is a 
 summer hotel — Overlook Inn; and 
 Congress Heights, farther south, ai^e 
 the principal of these subm^ban cen- 
 ters. All of these high ridges were 
 crowTied and connected by fortifica- 
 tions, some of which remain in 
 fairly good condition, especially Fort 
 Stanton, just south of Garfield. A 
 wide and interesting view of the 
 city and the Potomag Valley is ob- 
 
 tained from its ramparts, and also 
 of the great Federal Insane Asylum. 
 
 A WALK ON PENNSYLVANIA 
 AVENUE. 
 
 Washington's principal street is 
 four miles and a half long, but is 
 broken by the Capitol, the Treasury 
 and White House giounds. It is 
 160 feet wide, expanding at intervals 
 into spaces and parks. 
 
 Beginning at the western gates of 
 the Capitol, Maryland Avenue diverges 
 Southwest, straight down to Long 
 Bridge. At the beginning of these 
 streets are the Peace Memorial 
 Monument and the Garfield statue. 
 In the triangle between the Pennsyl- 
 vania and Maryland Avenues lies the 
 Botanical Garden with the illuminated 
 fountain in the center. We pass 
 Lincoln Column and the buildings 
 improve as we proceed. On the 
 right, the National Hotel*, opposite, 
 the St. James. Passing the Pennsyl- 
 vania Raihoad Station, on the left, we 
 cross Sixth Street. We are in front 
 of the Metropolitan Hotel. We come 
 to Seventh Street, the principal north 
 and south-artery of traffic. Louisiana 
 Avenue extends from the open place 
 into a fine boule\ard to Judiciary 
 Square. 
 
 The Statue of Maj. Gen. Winfield 
 S. Hancock stands on the triangle, 
 which is formed by its diagonal 
 intersecting Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 Center Market is here on the south 
 side, worth seeing. Between the 
 market and Peiinsylvania Avenue, is 
 a park. Here stands the Statue of 
 Maj. Gen. John A. Rawlins, famous 
 as Grand Chief of Staff. 
 
 At Ninth Street, the Academy of 
 Music appears at the right. Tenth 
 Street is the next. At the left, is the 
 principal entrance to the Smithsonian 
 giounds. The open place here is 
 decorated with the statue of Benjamin 
 Franklin. On Tenth Street, in the 
 old Ford's Theater, President Lincoln 
 was assassinated. The house opposite 
 is the one, to which Lincoln was 
 carried and is marked by a tablet. 
 The owner at present exhibits there 
 a large collection of Lincoln relics. 
 Admission 25 Cents. 
 
 86q 
 
On the square corner Eleventh 
 Street is the new Post Office. 
 
 Next comes Thirteenth Street with 
 two little parks and the power house 
 of the Washington and Georgeto'mi 
 Raibroad , the Capital's Traction 
 Company (burnt down). 
 
 Fourteenth Street is the most 
 important thoroughfare in this part 
 of the city. Extending from 
 Long Bridge to Mount Pleasant. 
 The Belt Lme CJirs run southward 
 upon it from Pennsylvania Avenue 
 to the Bureau of Engi'aving and 
 Printing, and so on around to the 
 Capitol, and the Alexandria & Mount 
 Vernon Electric Line terminates 
 here. At the right (northward) the 
 street slopes steeply up the hUl to 
 F Street, and this block, as far as 
 the Ebbitt House, is known as 
 Newspaper Row, because filled with 
 the offices of correspondents of 
 newspapers all over the country. 
 Opposite them, fiUing the northwest 
 corner, is Wniard's Hotel. 
 
 The block opposite Willai-d's, is 
 devoted to business houses and the 
 Regent Hotel, the side windows of 
 which, overlook a green expanse of 
 parking down to the Potomac. 
 Ai-ound the corner, to the left, on 
 Fifteenth Street, are Allen's (formerly 
 Albaugh's) Grand Opera House, 
 occupying a part of the armory of 
 the Washington^ Liglit Infantry, the 
 house of the Capital Bicycle Club, etc. 
 
 This brings us to the avenue, 
 against the southern portico of the 
 Treasury. The small wooden build- 
 ing within the gates, is devoted to 
 the official photographer. Turning 
 to the right, up the slope of Fifteenth 
 Sti^eet, we pass the busy terminus 
 of F Street, and go on to G, where 
 the Riggs House forms a dignified 
 comer-piece. A few steps farther, 
 the broad avenue in front of the 
 Treasury opens the way northward 
 and brings us to the White House. 
 
 The Executive mansion, commonly- 
 called the White House, was built 
 by the architect, James Hoban, who 
 took his idea of the mansion from 
 the house of the Duke of Leinster 
 in Dublin; a sort of Italian style. 
 
 The material is Virginia sandstone. 
 
 lis length is 170 feet and its width 
 86 feet. The house is of two stories 
 and a basement. Its cost up to 
 the present, exceeds $ 1,500,000. In 
 1814 the British set fire to the 
 building, but heavy rains extinguished 
 the conflagration, before it had 
 damaged the walls extensively. The 
 mansion was repaired and then 
 painted white, to cover the ravages 
 ■of the fire. This color has been kept 
 ever since and has given the popular 
 name of the "White House" to the 
 Executive mansion. 
 
 The President's Grounds consist 
 of some eighty acres. The immediate 
 garden was early attended to, as is 
 shown by the size of the trees. The 
 more distant part of the grounds has 
 been set in order only lately. The 
 grounds are open freely to the public. 
 In weather the Marine Band gives 
 concerts in the afternoon. Lafayette • 
 Squai-e is practically a part of these 
 grounds. 
 
 Admission to the White House, 
 at least to parts of it, is free to 
 everybody. The mansion contains 
 many art works, which are shown ' 
 to the visitor, Every room has its 
 name. There is the East Room, used 
 as the state reception room with lull 
 length portraits of George and Maiiha 
 Washington and many others. 
 
 Adjoining, is the Green Room with 
 many portraits and an exquisite 
 ceiling ornamented by a design of 
 musical instruments. 
 
 Next to this, is the Blue Room. 
 West of the Blue Room is the Red 
 Room, used chiefly by the ladies 
 of the mansion. The walls are 
 covered with portraits. 
 
 AH these rooms open upon a corridor 
 separated from the vestibule by a 
 partition of glass. In this corridor 
 hang several portraits of Presidents. 
 Each President is supposed to leave 
 his portrait here. 
 
 At the south end of the corridor, 
 is the State Dining Room. 
 
 The western door of the corridor 
 opens into the conservatory. 
 
 On the second floor are the 
 offices of the President and his 
 Secretaries. 
 
 86r 
 
In the immediate neighborhood of 
 the White House are most of the 
 Executive Departments. 
 
 West of the White House is the 
 State, War and Navy Building: 
 471 feet long by 253 feet wide. The 
 building covers four and a half acres 
 and cost $ 10,700,000. The Depart- 
 ment of State occupies the noblest, 
 the south front of the Buildmg. 
 
 The finest room is The Library. 
 
 The War Department occupies 
 the western and part of the northern 
 front, and the Navy Department has 
 Quai-ters ia the remaining part of 
 the buildiug. The collection of 
 models of ships, on view near the 
 entrance is interesting. 
 
 East of the White House is the 
 Treasury. It is an imposing building 
 of the form of a pagan temple. Its 
 cost amounts to about $ 10,000,000. 
 
 The building is open from 9 tiU 2, 
 and every stranger visits the place, 
 though there is nothing to he seen 
 there. 
 
 In the "Department of Justice" 
 land "Court of Claims" situated in 
 tbe office building on Pennsylvania 
 Avenue, across the street from the 
 Treasury, nothmg attracts the visitor. 
 
 The General Post Office occupies 
 the whole square on Seventh Street 
 between E and F Streets, back to 
 Eighth street. 
 
 The Dead Letter Office on the F 
 Street front, is the most interesting 
 part. 
 
 The Patent Office is the popular 
 name for the Department of the 
 Interior. The offices of the depart- 
 ment are in different buUdings and 
 do not offer any thing of interest 
 for the tourist. 
 
 The Secretary's office is in the 
 Patent Office Building which covers 
 the two squares from Seventh to 
 Nmth Streets between F. and G. 
 
 The Governm-ent Printing" Office 
 is on North Capitol and H Streets. 
 Nearly 3000 persons are employed 
 durhig the congressional session, 
 and it is probably the largest 
 printing office in existence. 
 
 The office of the Department of 
 Labor is in the National Safe De- 
 
 86s 
 
 posit BuUding on New York Avenue 
 and Fifteenth Stieet. 
 
 Ihe Civil Service Cotnmission 
 has its offices in the Concordia Build- 
 ing, Eighth and E Streets. 
 
 The Interstate Commerce Com- 
 mission is m the Sun Buildng, 
 No. 1317 F Street. There is also 
 the office of the Venezuela Boimdary 
 Commission. 
 
 The Inter - Continental Railway 
 Commission has its offices at 
 No. 1429 New York Avenue. 
 
 The Bureau of American Re- 
 publics has offices at No. 2 Jackson 
 Place. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT 
 
 E. IngersoU writes: 
 
 "The dignity, symmetry, and tower- 
 ing height of Washington's cha- 
 racter, as it now presents itself to 
 the minds of his coimtrymen, are 
 well exemplified va. the majestic sim- 
 plicity of his monument in Washing- 
 ton. This pure and glittering shaft, 
 asking no aid from inscription or 
 ornament, strikes up into heaven 
 and leads the thought to a patriot- 
 ism as spotless and a manhood as 
 lofty, as any American has attained 
 to. It is the glory and grandeur of 
 this superb monument Qiat it typi- 
 fies and recalls not Washington the 
 man, but Washington the character. 
 It is really a monument to the Amer- 
 ican people in the name of their 
 foremost representative. It is in 
 itself a constantly beautiful object, 
 intensified, unconsciously to the be- 
 holder, perhaps, by the symbolism 
 and sentiment it involves. With 
 every varying mood of the changing 
 air and sky, or time of day, it as- 
 sumes some new phase of interest 
 to the eye. Now it is clear and 
 firm against tbe blue -- hai'd, shai-p- 
 edged, cold, near at hand; anon it 
 withdraws and softens and seems to 
 tremble in a lambent envelope of 
 azure ether, or to swim in a golden 
 mist, as its shadow, like that of a 
 mighty dial, marks the approach of 
 sunset upon the greensward that 
 roUs eastward from its base The 
 most picturesque view of it, doubt- 
 less, IS that from the east, where 
 
joumaj "compose" it in the distance 
 of a picture, for whicTi the trees 
 and shrubbery, winding roads and 
 Norman towers, of the Smithsonian 
 park form the most artistic of fore- 
 gTounds." 
 
 The monimient is open to visitors 
 from 9.00 a. m. to 6.00 p. m. in the 
 summer, and 5.30 p. m. in winter, 
 with an intermission of an hour at 
 noon. A staircase of 900 steps winds 
 its way to the top, around an inter- 
 ior shaft of iron pillars, in which 
 the elevator runs. The elevator 
 makes a trip every half hour. As 
 this elevator and its ropes are of 
 unusual strength, and were severely 
 tested by use in elevating the stone 
 required for the upper courses as 
 the structure progressed, its safety 
 need not be suspected. The elevator 
 is lighted by electricity and carries 
 a telephone. Seven minutes are re- 
 quired for the ascent of 500 feet; 
 and one can see, as it passes, all 
 the inscriptions and carvmgs suffi- 
 ciently well to satisfy theciuriosity 
 of most persons. Several, not em- 
 bedded in the walls, are shown in 
 the National Museum. An officer 
 in charge of the floor, marshals visit- 
 ors into the elevator, and another 
 cares for the observatory floor at 
 the top; but no fees whatever are 
 reqjaired or expected. 
 
 The eight small windows, which 
 open through the pyramidon of the 
 obelisk, 517 feet above the ground 
 offer an unique view, which no visit- 
 or should miss enjoying. There 
 are good reasons for advising, that 
 the ascent should be the filrst thing 
 done by the visitor. From there he 
 may visit t/te Bureau of Engraving 
 and Pr.'nthzg a handsome brick 
 building on Fourteenth Street S. W., 
 five mmutes from the Washington 
 Monument. Visitors are received 
 from ten to two o'clock. 
 
 East of this building between 
 Fourteenth and Twelfth Streets, 
 S. W. in The Department of Agri- 
 culture. In this building is a museum 
 containing excellent wax models of 
 fruits and natural foods and other 
 interesting features. 
 
 The Weather Bureau is domiciled 
 at the comer of M and Twenty-fourth 
 streets. 
 
 The Smithsonian Institution ana 
 National Museum, are reached by 
 crossing Twelfth Street S. W. and 
 entering the park. Near the gate 
 the statue of Joseph Henry. The 
 Smithsonian Institution has under its 
 charge the following bureaus: 
 
 THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
 The United States National Museum 
 with its innumerable treasures of 
 collections, which no visitor should 
 miss examining. 
 
 The Bureau of International 
 Exchanges. 
 
 The Bureau of Ethnology. 
 
 The National Zoological Park 
 is an excursion into the northern 
 comer of the District. It is reached 
 by taking the cable car from Fourt- 
 eenth Street to the Boundary and 
 then the Chevy Chase line. The best 
 way is to leave the car after crossing 
 the bridge, where a narrow lane leads 
 to a flight of steps down the hill to 
 the brmk of Rock Creek, near the 
 bear dens. No admittance charge 
 of any kind is required. The garden 
 is open daily, also Sundays. This 
 excursion must be made sepai-ately. 
 
 The Astrophysical Observatory. 
 
 The Arm-y Medical Museum. 
 occupies a fine building in the 
 southeast corner of the Smithsonian 
 grounds, next to Seventh Street. 
 This museum is of the greatest interest 
 and value to the medical profession. 
 The Library is the most complete 
 collection of medical and surgical 
 literature in the world. 
 
 The United States Fish Com,mission 
 is the last place to be visited on 
 this side of The Mali. It occupies 
 the old arsenal on Sixth Street and 
 from it that part of the Park has its 
 name "Armory Square". 
 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 On Lafayette Square. One of 
 the oldest buildings in Washington 
 is "St. fohn's", the Episcopal church 
 on the north side of this park. Two 
 statues belong to the Square, the 
 equestrian statue of President 
 General Andrew Jackson and the 
 Memorial to Lafayette. 
 
 86t 
 
Near hj on Madison Place (15^/2 
 Street) is located the Lafayetie 
 Square Opera House. On the corner 
 of H Street is the Cosmos Club 
 house. Passing many historical 
 buildings we come to Fotirteentk 
 Street and Franklin Square. The 
 Franklin school-house overlooks the 
 square on the east; the Hamilton 
 hotel and Cochran hotel are just 
 above it on Fourteenth Street. The 
 church on the corner of L Street is 
 "All Souls"" (Unitarian); opposite it 
 is th^ Portland. Next is Thomas 
 Circle with the equestrian Statue of 
 Gen. George H. Thomas. North- 
 west of Thomas Circle, in front of 
 Lutheran Memorical Church stands 
 the statue of Martin Luther, one of 
 the most artistic statues in the city. 
 
 FoUowingH Street from Fourteenth 
 Street westward we pass the Elsm-ere 
 hotel, the Shoreham- hotel on the 
 corner of Fifteenth Street. The 
 Cohimbian University is located on 
 the other corner. On the left hand 
 corner at Madison Place, is the 
 Cosmos Club. 
 
 Diagonally opposite is iheArlington 
 Hotel. 
 
 Crossing Connecticut Avenue on 
 Seventeenth Street, facing the square 
 is the ancient Decatur house. On 
 the southeast corner of Eighteenth 
 and G Streets the historic Everett 
 house. 
 
 From Fourteenth Street westward 
 on I Street we pass splendid 
 residences, facing McPherson Square, 
 one of the finest parks in the city. 
 In the park is the equestrian statue 
 of Jam.es B. Mc Pherson. 
 
 At the junction of Massachusetts 
 and Rhode Island avenues is Scott 
 Circle with the equestrian statue of 
 Gen. Win fie Id Scott. 
 
 Connecticut Avenue from H Street 
 to the boundary im the afternoon 
 promenade. In the northward 
 direction is Farrag^nt Square in the 
 center of which i!s the statute of 
 Farragut. 
 
 Further on is the Presbyterian 
 Church of the Covenant. On the 
 corner of N Street is the British 
 Embassy. The Austrian Legation 
 owns No. 1307 on Dupont Circle 
 
 with the bronze statue of Admiral 
 Samuel F. Dupont. 
 
 Where New Hampshire Avenue 
 crosses Pennsylvania Avenue is a 
 park named Washington Circle 
 with an equestrian bronze statue 
 of the American Idol. 
 
 ART GALLERIES. 
 
 The .Corcoran Art Gallery on 
 
 Seventeenth Street at New York 
 Avenue. It contains many famous 
 paiatings of gi-eat value to students. 
 
 The Waggaman Gallery at 
 No. 3300 O Street, Georgetown, 
 reached by the F Street or by the 
 Pennsylvania Avenue street cars. 
 The gallery is famous for its splendid 
 collection of Japanese work. Visitors 
 are admitted Thursdays during the 
 first four months of the year, 50 cents 
 admission. 
 
 THEATRES. 
 
 The newest house is the Lafayette 
 Opera House on Lafayette Square. 
 
 Aliens Opera House is on Fif- 
 teenth Street, at the corner of 
 E Street. 
 
 The National Theatre on Penn- 
 sylvania Avenue between Thirteenth 
 and Fourteenth Streets. 
 
 The Academy of Music at Ninth 
 and D Streets. 
 
 Kernans Lyceum. 1014 Pel Isyl- 
 vania Avenue. 
 
 Lectiires are given at Meii. irott 
 Hall and Willards Hall, 
 
 Convention Hall is an immense 
 hall at the crossing of New- York 
 Avenue and L and Fifth Streets. It 
 is used for conventions and social 
 affaires. 
 
 There are no industrial enter- 
 prises of importance in the District 
 of Columbia, except the Chr. Heurich 
 Brewing Company, which is classed 
 among the model breweries of the 
 United States. The brewery is situ- 
 ated neeu" the river and contains the 
 most modern apjjliances. No visitor 
 should fail to visit this enterprise, 
 where he can get a right view at 
 what the American industrial genius 
 has accomplished. 
 
 86u 
 
The principjil brands, axe "He'urich's 
 Maerzen", considered superior to the 
 imported' beer, "Senate", "Extra 
 Pale", and "Lager". 
 
 EXCURSIONS. 
 
 Mount Vernon, where the home 
 was and the tomb of George Wash- 
 ingthon is, on the right bank of the 
 Potomac, sixteen miles below the 
 city. Admission 25 cents. Cars and 
 trains of the Mount Vernon Railroad 
 Company are running from Pennsyl- 
 vania Avenue and Thirteen-and-a- 
 half Street. 
 
 The steamer "Charles Macalester'' 
 runs daUy from the foot of Seventh 
 Street to Mount "Vernon. (10 a. m. 
 and returns 2,30). Round trip 
 including admission 75 cents. The 
 trip on the Potomac River on a fine 
 day is highly enjoyable. 
 
 The end of the steslmboat's route 
 is Marshall Hall, some miles below 
 Mount Vernon. It is a summer 
 pleasure resort with Restaurant and 
 aU sorts, of amusements. Similar 
 resorts oti the riverside are Riverview 
 and Notley Hall. 
 
 The way to Arlington lies through 
 Georgetown to the Union station by 
 the Pennsylvania Avenue cable line, 
 hence by electric car across the 
 Potomac to the gates of Arlington 
 or to Fort Myer. Arlington is a fine 
 example of the architecture of its 
 era. The groimds are used for a 
 National Military Cemetery with its 
 innumerable interesting monuments, 
 graves, memorial stones, bas-reliefs 
 and mausoleums. In the rear of the 
 Mansion is a miniatm-e temple upon 
 whose columns are engraved the 
 names of great American soldiers; 
 further an amphitheater of columns, 
 where open-air burial services are 
 conducted. 
 
 Adjoining the cemetery on the 
 north, but separated from it by a 
 ravine is Fort Myer. This is a 
 cavalry post of the army, which 
 accomodates a whole regiment. 
 
 The cable car north on Seventh 
 Street and the electiic line from 
 the boundary run du-ect to the Eagle 
 or western gate of the Soldiers' 
 Home grounds passing Howard 
 
 University. The Soldiers Home, was 
 established as a retreat for veterans 
 of the Mexican War. 
 
 In the rear of the Home lies one 
 of the National m-ilitary Cemeteries. 
 
 Northeast of the Home stand Rock 
 Creek Church and its beautiful 
 cemetery, well worth examination. 
 
 Around the Military Cemetery, 
 and up the hill to te right, the 
 remnants of Fort Totten may be seen. 
 Its parapets command a wide 
 landscape. 
 
 From Fort Totten the Harewood 
 Road may easUy be reached and 
 followed southward along the eastern 
 side of the park until it emerges 
 upon the great campus of 
 
 The Catholic University _ of 
 America. This is the national insti- 
 tution of higher learning etablished 
 by all the Catholic bishops of the 
 tfnited States in the Third Plenary 
 C6uncil^of Baltimore, and is regarded 
 by Pope Leo XIII as one of the 
 chief honors of his pontificate. The 
 groimds comprise seventy acres, and 
 the visitor is at once struck by the 
 stately appearance of the two great 
 imiversity structures already erected. 
 
 The old country viUage and 
 present suburb of Brookland lies 
 just beyond, and is the terminus of 
 the Soldiers' Home and Eckington 
 Electric Railway, which will carry the 
 visitor back from the university gates 
 or southern entrance to the Soldiers' 
 Home in about twenty-five minutes. 
 Just south of the latter, west of the 
 suburban district of Edgewood, 
 trough which the line passes, are the 
 Glenwood, Prospect Hill, and St. 
 Mary's (Roman Catholic) cemeteries, 
 which contain the graves of many 
 famous persons and some fine 
 monuments. Nearer the city line is 
 the fine suburb, Eckington, in the 
 midst of which, upon a beautifully 
 wooded hiU, is the colonial building 
 of the Eckington Hotel, open in 
 summer. This line enters the city 
 along New York Avenue, and ter- 
 minates at the Treasury. 
 
 Georgetown or West Washington 
 does not contain much to attract 
 the sight-seer. The most prominent 
 institution in the locality is George- 
 town College. 
 
 86v 
 
Oak Hill Cemetery, on the 
 southern bank of Rock Creek near 
 P Street is worth seing. 
 
 Not far off is the Naval Obser- 
 vatory, a new astronomical station 
 of the Government. 
 
 From Georgetown an electric 
 road rmis north to Wesley Heights, 
 a Methodist association which intends 
 to establish a universitj modeled 
 upon the plan of^erman mstitutions. 
 Further on is Oak View with an 
 observatory ; then on the left Wordley 
 Inn, a summer hotel. A mile and 
 quarter farther Tennallytown. A road 
 west affords a picturesque walk to 
 the Receiving Reservoir and a mile 
 farther to Little Falls, or the Chain 
 Bridge. At the right, on the highest 
 point of land the new reservoir is 
 seen. 
 
 From Georgetown the Georgetown 
 & Great Falls Railroad Company 
 operates an electric line to the Great 
 Falls of the Potomac ; one of fhe most 
 delightful excursions out of Wash- 
 ington. The cars leave the Union 
 Station in Georgetown. We pass 
 Chain Bridge and walk a mile and a 
 
 half above the bridge to the Little 
 Falls of the Potomac, a favorite spot 
 for picnicking parties. Then over 
 Glen Echo Heights passing "Chau- 
 tauqua Assembly" to the ravine of 
 Cabm John Run, where the fine Eirch 
 of the famous bridge gleams through 
 the trees. Five miles farther are the 
 
 Great Palls of the Potomac. Here 
 are the City Water Works. 
 
 The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
 runs to Bladensbur^ and Kendall 
 Green. Bladenburg is a favorite 
 drive. A string of pleasant suburban 
 villages join one another along the 
 railway. 
 
 KendaU Green is an institution for 
 the free education of deaf-mute 
 children of sailors and soldiers of 
 the United States. 
 
 Excursions by Steamer to Fortress 
 Monroe, the Bull Run Battlefield, 
 Fredericksburg, Harper's Ferry, the 
 Luray Caverns in Virginia, and to 
 Annapolis in Maryland, are often 
 made from Washington. 
 
 Agents of the North-German Lloyd : 
 Edw. F. Droop & Sons, 925 Pennsyl- 
 vania Ave. Washington D. C. 
 
 86w 
 
FLORIDA. 
 
 Florida was the first region of 
 North America to be colonized by 
 Europeans. Juan Ponce de Leon 
 landed there in 15 13 and proclcumed 
 the sovereignty of Spain. In 1564 
 Laudonniere and his. French Hugue- 
 nots built Fort Caroline, on the 
 St. John's River, but were surprised 
 by a Spanish fleet under Menendez, 
 and massacred. Four years later De 
 Gourgue's expedition captured the 
 fort and hung the garrison. 
 
 St. Augustine was founded by Me- 
 nendez in 1565. The town was com- 
 pletely destroyed in 1586 by Sir 
 Francis Drake. In 166 5 the bucca- 
 neers blundei'ed it. 
 
 In 1763 Spain ceded Florida to 
 Great Britain, in return for Cuba, 
 but twenty years later the country 
 was ceded, back to Spain in exchange 
 for the Bahamas. In 18 19 the Kiri^ 
 of Spain reluctantly geded Florida 
 to the United States, and Andrew 
 Jackson became its Governor. In 
 183 s began the Seminole War, which 
 lasted for seven years. Most of the 
 Seminoles were removed beyond the 
 Mississippi in 1842 and 1858 and 
 now dwell in the Indian Territory. 
 
 At the outbreak of the Civil War 
 Florida joined the Southern States 
 in attempting to leave the Union. 
 
 The name of the State was given 
 by its discoverer. Ponce de Leon, 
 who first saw the land on Easter 
 Sunday, in Spanish, Pasctia Florida. 
 Florida is called The Everglade 
 State, from one of its natural features. 
 
 There are myriads of islands 
 around Florida, including those in 
 the Everglades, the Ten Thousand 
 
 Islands, and the famous Florida 
 Keys, extending 200 miles south- 
 westward from Cape Florida to the 
 Dry Tortugas. Many of the Keys 
 are uninhabited; and nearly all of 
 them are infested by enormous 
 swarms of mosquitos. The population 
 in 1890 was 391,422. 
 
 CEDAR KEY, Fla. 
 
 Cedax Key, situated on an island 
 of the same name in the Gulf of 
 Mexico, boasts of a climate peculiarly 
 temperature and equable. In its 
 location, its surrounding waters and 
 delightful climate, it resembles Ven- 
 ice; and like this Italian city, it is 
 also quite a commercial center. It 
 is surrounded by numerous other 
 islands or "keys", as they are called, 
 which afford many delightful ex- 
 cursions. 
 
 Interesting side trips can also be 
 made by steamer to Tarpon Springs, 
 Clearwater, Dunedin, Seaside, Yel- 
 low Bluff, Manatee and Tampa. 
 
 KEY WEST, Fla. 
 Key West, the county seat of Mon- 
 roe county, is situated on an island 
 one hundred and sixty-five miles by 
 steamer from Miami and about one 
 hundred miles from Havana, Cuba. 
 The island embraces two thousand 
 acres of coral formation. It presents 
 many pleasing features to the tour- 
 ist, and is well worth a visit; trop- 
 ical trees and flowers of all kinds 
 abound, and the people of the island 
 are remarkably hospitable. The im- 
 portance of Key West, as one of 
 the g3reatest commercial centers of 
 
 87 
 
88 
 
the country^ is assured by its geo- 
 graphical position, and with the 
 completion of the Nicaragua Cana] 
 it will occupy a still more prominent 
 position in the commercial world. 
 
 FERNAM3INA, Fla. 
 A commercial town, carrying on 
 an important trade in ships pro- 
 visions and wood, with 3,000 in- 
 habitants, 33 miles from Jacksonville, 
 on Amelia Island, on the Amelia 
 River, with the best harbor, south 
 of Chesapeake Bay. Steamers leave 
 here for New York, Charleston, ports 
 of Georgia and Europe. 
 
 GAINESVILLE, Fla. 
 A well known winter resort and 
 railway junction (change cars here 
 for Palatka, Ocala etc.) of 3,000 in- 
 habitants, 14 mUes from Waldo, on 
 the Florida Central and Peninsular 
 R. R. Excursion to Alachna Sink. 
 
 HOMOSASSA, Fla. 
 
 A rendezvous for sportsmen, for 
 fishing and shooting. Hotels: Ho- 
 mosassa Inn; $3,00; Osceola House, 
 $ 2,00. 
 
 Well situated on the river of the 
 same name, about four miles from 
 the Gulf; reached from Jacksonville 
 by the Florida Central & Peninsular 
 R R 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, Fla. 
 
 Reached from New York by the 
 Clyde Steamers, leaving every Mon- 
 day, Wednesday and Friday atS o. c. 
 p. m., from Pier 29 East River, three 
 days $ 25, Via rail to Washington via 
 Atlanta and Richmond to Savannah 
 or by the Savannah, Florida & West- 
 em R. R. via Atlanta to Jacksonville. 
 1,276 miles from New York, in 40 
 hours. The Vestibule train leaves 
 New York daily at 4,30 p. m. 
 
 Jacksonville, the metropolis of 
 Florida, the Indian name of which 
 was "Wacca Pilatka", is beautifully 
 situated on the bajiks of the St. John's 
 River. Its present name was given 
 in honor of General Andrew Jackson, 
 the first Governor of Florida. The 
 present population is about 30,000, 
 mcluding suburbs. It is the gate- 
 way at which the steamships, steam- 
 boats and railways center, radiating 
 thence throughout the length and 
 
 breadth of the State, The streets 
 are regularly idiu out, aud beauti- 
 fully shaded by grand live oaks over- 
 hung with moss. 
 
 Mandarin, a small village on the 
 east bank of the river, is one of the 
 oldest settlements in the State. Near 
 the landing, almost hidden among 
 fine old oaks and orange trees, is 
 the home of the celebrated authoress 
 of "Uncle Tom's Cabin", Mrs. Har- 
 riet Beecher Stowe. The white wharf 
 and fence of Orange Park shines 
 pleasantly across the river. 
 
 Passing Hibernia, New Switzer- 
 land and Remington Park we come 
 to Magnolia, one of the popular 
 winter resorts of the South, noted, 
 for its shaded walks and drives and 
 universally-known "Magnolia Spring. 
 Water". 
 
 Two miles beyond and thirty miles 
 from Jacksonville we arrive at Green 
 Covi Springs, noted for its magni- 
 ficent sulphur spring, located in a 
 wooded and picturesque hollow, and 
 which gushes forth 3,000 gallons of 
 water per minute, 78" temperature. 
 
 The first orange grove to be seen 
 is from the deck of the steamer as 
 she nears Federal Point, which is 
 an incorporated town situated on 
 the east bank, and from there for 
 100 miles the river is almost one 
 coxmecting link of groves. 
 
 OCALA, Fla. 
 
 Population 6,000 — in Marion Co., 
 the great inland commercial city 
 of Florida, and is often called the 
 "Brick City." In the center of Ocala 
 is a large "Public Square" and Park, 
 around which are located the hotels, 
 business blocks and banks, all of 
 modern construction, erected since 
 1883. Surrounding the town are 
 beautiful residences, together with 
 orange and lemon groves, fruit 
 orchards and vineyards. 
 
 ORMOND, Fla. 
 Situated fifty miles down the coast 
 from St. Augustine, on the line of 
 the Florida, East Coast Railway, 
 eighteen miles north of Mosquito 
 Inlet, on the Halifax River. 
 
 89 
 
Ormond on the Halifax could 
 rightly be named "Ormond by the 
 Sea"; situated on both banks of the 
 river, its limits extend across the 
 peninsula to the ocean, fronting the 
 finest beach on the Atlantic coast. 
 
 PALATKA, Fla. 
 
 Hotels: Putnam House $ 4-6. 
 Graham's Hotel $-3. — St. George. 
 
 Palafka is a city of 5,000 popula- 
 tion; the business portion is finely 
 laid out, and is a thriving business 
 center; this is considered a rich 
 farming section, and is suiTounded by 
 most beautiful orange groves. Here 
 connection is made with steamboats 
 for Crescent City and the famous 
 Ocklawaha River. 
 
 Connections are also made with 
 the T., T. & K. W. Railway; with 
 the Florida East Coast Railway for 
 St. Augustine, Ormond, Daytona, 
 New Smyrna, TitusvUle, Rockledge, 
 West Palm Beach and points on the 
 Halifax, Hillsborough and Indian 
 Rivers; with the Plant system for 
 Interlachen, Ocala, Leesburg, Brooks- 
 ville, Gainesville, and intermediate 
 points, and also with the G. S. & 
 F. Railroad. 
 
 PENSACOLA, Fla. 
 
 An important seaport town of 
 12,000 inhabitants, on Escambia 
 Bay, founded by the Spaniards in 
 1696; ten miles from the Gulf of 
 Mexico. 
 
 Principal products are: fish, wood 
 and fruits. Two old forts; Fort St. 
 Michael and Fort St. Bernard. 
 Excursion to the Navy Yard, Fort 
 Barancas and Fort Pickens, on 
 Santa Rosa Island, by steamer. 
 
 PORT TAMPA, Fla, 
 The terminus of the Plant System, 
 nine miles south of Tampa. 
 
 Hotel: The Inn, $ 4,00. The great 
 pier stretches out half a mile from 
 the main shore. The trains run to 
 the extreme end, where the Hotel is. 
 
 PUNTA GORDA, Fla. 
 Punta Gorda is situated on Char- 
 lotte Harbor, the most southern as 
 well as the largest and deepest har- 
 bor on the south-west coast of 
 Florida, and has a population close 
 
 to 2,500. It is now the central dis- 
 uibuting point of the rich fruit, 
 agricultural and cattle country which 
 forms a semi-circle around it, embrac- 
 ing an almost complete radius of 
 200 miles. It is one of the gieatest 
 phosphate and fish exporting ports 
 in the world. It is in the heart of 
 the most fertile soil in Florida, rich 
 in its timber resources, and remark- 
 able for its abundant fruit crops, 
 and every possible variety of garden 
 truck — in season far in advance of 
 any other portion of the United 
 Slates. The district surrounding 
 Punta Gorda is below the frost line. 
 The scenery around Punta Gorda is 
 magnificent. The temperature never 
 goes below 40* in winter and never 
 above 96 in summer. 
 
 ROCKLEDGE, Fla. 
 Noted for its orange groves. Excur- 
 sion from here to Fairy Land, City 
 Point etc. Several large hotels board 
 from $ 4,00 $ 2,50 a day. 
 
 SANFORD, Fla. 
 Sanford, the terminus of Clyde's 
 St. John.s River Line, is one of the 
 leading interior cities of this State. 
 It is in direct communication with 
 all the Northern cities by the Clyde's 
 St. John's River Line and J., T. & 
 K. W. Railway via Jacksonville. 
 Southward it is the great distributing 
 point for all parts of South Florida. 
 It is the terminus of seven railroads, 
 with a daily mail service north, south, 
 east and west. Its sanitary condition 
 is perfect, and the surrounding 
 scenery delightful, while the many 
 transportation routes give immediate 
 access to the most famous natural 
 curiosities in the State, with fine 
 water works system, fire depart- 
 ment, public works, churches, tele- 
 graph office & banks. 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE, Fla. 
 
 37 miles from Jacksonville via the 
 St. Augustine & Indian River Rail- 
 way, tn 1-1/2 hours; fare $ 1,50. 
 
 At the Depot 3/4 mile from the 
 town, omnibuses and carriages; 
 25 cents per passenger and each 
 trunk, 25 cents. 
 
 90 
 
Post Office, Plaza de la Constitution. 
 
 St. Augustine is one of the most 
 attractive winter resorts in Florida 
 connected with a romantic history. 
 Old Spanish landmarks give an air 
 of by-gone centuries to the place. 
 Situated on a narrow slip of land, 
 formed by the St. John's River, on 
 the one side and the Atlantic Ocean 
 on the other. The older streets are 
 aU narrow; the old Spanish houses 
 are built in "Coquina" and have all 
 balconies. The climate is salubrious 
 and the sea breezes from the 
 Atlantic Ocean warm. Its superior 
 attractions, as regards climate, roman- 
 tic scenery and hotel accommodation, 
 have made St. Augustine the winter 
 home of thousands. The parks and 
 squares flourish in tropical vegetation. 
 
 TALLAHASSEE, Fla. 
 , The Capital of Florida, 165 miles 
 from Jacksonville, on the Florida 
 Central & Peninsular R. R. 
 
 Excursions: to Lake Jackson, 
 6 miles; Lake Jumonia, 12 miles; 
 Lake Microsuchie, 18 miles; Bellair, 
 6 miles; Wakulla Spring, 15 miles; 
 the Spring is four miles from 
 Wakulla Station, the water is of 
 wonderful transparency in the cir- 
 cular basin, 600 feet in diameter. 
 
 TAMPA, Fla. 
 A well known winter resort, 240 
 miles from Jacksonville and the 
 
 terminus of the Floridi Central & 
 Peninsular R. R. 
 
 Tampa is the most important com- 
 mercial center on the west coast of 
 Florida. Population, 8000. Its cigar 
 industry is becoming important. 
 
 TARPON SPRINGS, Fla. 
 Charmingly situated on the Anclote 
 River and washed by the waters 
 of the Gulf of Mexico. Tarpon 
 Springs $ 3,00. 
 
 TITUSVILLE, Fla. 
 A town of 2500 inhabitants, reached 
 by the Clyde's and St. John's River 
 Line to Sanford.and Enterprise, con- 
 necting these places with the T- R, 
 Divisffin of the J. T. & K. W. Rail- 
 way. County seat of Brevard County. 
 The famous Turnbull "Hammock' 
 begins on the northern edge of the 
 town, extending for the distance of 
 forty mUes, an unbroken body of 
 most fertile soil. Opposite Titus- 
 ville is Merritfs Island, a long trian 
 gular island thirty miles long. 
 
 WINTER PARK, Fla. 
 Winter Park is situated on Lakes 
 Osceola. Maitland, MizeU and Vir- 
 ginia of the main remge and Kallar- 
 ney, Sylvan and Berry Lakes, arms 
 of the main chain. 
 
 M 
 
GEORGIA. 
 
 The aborigines of Georg-ia M^ere 
 the Cherokees and the various tribes 
 of the Creek Confederation. In 1540 
 De Soto and his 600 Spaniards 
 msirched to Silver Bluff, on the 
 Savannah, 25 miles below Augusta; 
 they traversed the Alleghanies and 
 entered Alabama, looking every 
 where for gold. In 1560 Tristan de 
 Luna and 300 Spanish soldiers 
 marched from Pensacola to Cherokee 
 Georgia, and opened mines which 
 were worked for over a century. 
 
 Gen. James Edward Oglethorpe, 
 a veteran of Prince Eugene of Savoy's 
 staff, established Georgia as a place, 
 where insolvents, prisoners for debt, 
 and other unfortunates might begin 
 the world anew, and where religious 
 freedom should be accorded except 
 to Catholics. Oglethorpe sailed from 
 England in the Anne, and reached 
 Savannah with 116 immigrants on 
 February 1,1733. They were well 
 received by the Creeks and soon 
 spread out over other localities. In 
 1736 John and Charles Wesley came 
 over with parties of Methodists, in 
 1738 George Whitefield founded the 
 Bethesda Home near Savannah. 
 During the war between England 
 and Spain, in 1739, Oglethorpe led 
 1000 men against St. Augustine, and 
 was beaten off. In 1742 Don 
 Manuel de Monteano attacked Fred- 
 erica with 50 vessels and 5000 men, 
 but was defeated by Gen. Oglethorpe 
 and his Georgians. The onerous 
 military duties demanded and the 
 prohibition of slavery in 1750 
 worked against the success of the 
 colony. In 1755 Gov. Sir James 
 Wright fled, and Georgia sent 
 
 delegates to the Continental Congress! 
 it was then a province of 70,000 
 people. British fleets and armies 
 captured Savannah, Augusta and 
 Sanbury in 1778-79. After Charleston 
 fell, Georgia was the scene of a 
 bitter guerilla warfare, until Gen. 
 Greene pacified the State. 
 
 It is one of the 13 Original States. 
 In 1803 the State ceded to the 
 Republic 100000 square miles, west 
 of the Chattahoochee, and out of 
 this imperial domain Alabama and 
 Mississippi were formed. In 1838 
 the Cherokees were transported to 
 the West. During the civil war the 
 State suffered greatly. In 1860 
 Georgia had 462,198 slaves and 
 8,500 free negroes; m 1880 it had 
 725,135 free colored people. Since 
 1880, a rapid and healthy devel- 
 opment has gone forward. The 
 cotton shipments and cotton mills, 
 the glassworks and other industries 
 have risen to commanding propor- 
 tions. 
 
 The State is named after George 11, 
 "who had graciously sanctioned a 
 charter so liberzd in its provisions, 
 and granted a territory so extensive 
 and valuable for the encouragement 
 of the plantation". It is now often 
 often called „The Empire State of 
 the South", in allusion to its rapid 
 and enterprising industrial devel- 
 opment. 
 
 Georgia is the largest State east 
 of the Mississippi; its area is 59,475 
 square miles and it has a population 
 of 1,837,358. 973,462 white and 
 863,716 colored (18901. It is situated 
 between 30" 21' to SS" N Latitude, 
 and 80" 48' to 85" 40' N Longitude. 
 
 92, 
 
AUGUSTA. Ga. 
 
 Was laid out by General Oglethrope 
 and named for an English Princess. 
 It stands at the head of navig'ation 
 on the Savannah River, which is 
 crossed by a bridge leading to 
 Hamburg, S. C. Augusta is the third 
 city of Georgia in population, having 
 33,300 inhabitants. 
 
 Augusta possesses enormous water- 
 power derived from the Augusta 
 Cansd which brings the waters of 
 the Savannah River to the city at 
 an elevation of 40 feet; these water- 
 power-canals cost about three million 
 dollars. More brown goods are 
 made here than any where else in 
 America. 
 
 Augusta receives yearly two-hun- 
 dred thousand bales of cotton. 
 
 About three miles from the city 
 Summerville is situated on high hills ; 
 the most charming view may be had 
 from the suburb. The United States 
 Arsenal is situated here. 
 
 Augusta is 130 miles distant from 
 Savannah via the Central of Georgia 
 R. R. Nine railways converge at 
 Augusta, the most important of them 
 being the Southern Railway. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 John Sancken, Augusta, Ga. 
 
 ATLANTA, Ga. 
 
 The capital of Georgia has a popu- 
 lation of 65,533. 
 
 Atlanta is situated 1,067 feet above 
 the sea, and enjoys a cool and bracing 
 highland climate. Numerous rtiilways 
 center here and have caused the 
 chaiTed ruins of 1865 to rise into a 
 brilliant and beautiful modern city. 
 
 Atlanta is called the "Gate City," 
 because it is the gateway between 
 the Great West and the Atlantic coast. 
 
 The principal railroads are the 
 Georgia R. R. ; Atlanta & West Point 
 R. R.; Western & Atlantic R. R.; 
 Cen tral Railroad of Georgia; Sox^them 
 Railway Co.; and Georgia Ca rolina 
 & Northern R. R. connecting Atlanta 
 with every part of the country. 
 
 Agents of the North GermanLloyd: 
 
 E'd. E. Kirby, 4 Kimball House, 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Geo S. May, 705 Temple Court, 
 Atlanta Ga. 
 
 ATHENS, Ga. 
 
 Situa!ted on the bank of the Oconee 
 River with a population of 8,639 
 inhabitants, is the classic city of 
 Georgia. Among its educational 
 institutions are the University of 
 Georgia and the State College of 
 agriculture. The OconeeRiverfumish- 
 es water-power for its manufacturing 
 enterprises which are exceedingly 
 large; the annual business amountmg 
 to upwards of ten-million dollars. 
 
 It is 37 miles from Atlanta and is 
 reached by the Central of Georgia 
 R. R. 
 
 BRUNSWICK, Ga. 
 
 Nature seems to have lavished upon 
 Brunswick a most prodigal variety 
 of those things which make a desirable 
 winter resort. Its climate is equable 
 to a remarkable degree, warm and 
 yet not enervating, cool and yet en- 
 tirely free from chilliness. Oppor- 
 tunities for excellent fishing and 
 shooting seem limitless, and mUes 
 of perfect shell roads stretch out 
 along the sea, where driving and 
 bicycling are delights. 
 
 The town has about 8000 inhabi- 
 tans and is situated, 60 mUes from 
 Savannah and 70 miles from Jackson- 
 ville, on a peninsula surrounded by 
 salt water and sheltered by outer 
 islands. 
 
 To be reached from New York by 
 the Penn. R. R. and S. Ry. 
 
 CARTERSVILLE, Ga. 
 A town on the Western & Atlan- 
 tic R. R. With a population of some 
 3,000 inhabitants, fifty - two miles 
 from Dalton. It is the trade center 
 for a broad rural country. 
 
 COLUMBUS, Ga. 
 
 Is situated on the east bank of the 
 Chattahoochee River. It has over 
 17,000 inhabitants and is also a large 
 manufacturing center in the soutn. 
 The river furnishes water power 
 improved by a dam, five-himdred 
 feet-long. The city is regularly laid 
 out, and the residences are mostly 
 surrounded by ample gardens. 
 
 The most remarkable buildings 
 are the Court House, the Springer 
 Opera House, the Presbyterian 
 Church, Temperance Hall, etc. 
 
 93 
 
Railroads: Central of Georgia; 
 Columbus Southern; Columbus & 
 Rome; Georgia Midland & Gulf. 
 
 DALTON, Ga, 
 
 A town of some 30,000 inhab- 
 itants at the junction of three rail- 
 ways. The town has historical 
 importance as the initial point of 
 the famous compaign of 1864. Gen. 
 J. E. Johnston had strongly for- 
 tified the place, but the position 
 was out flanked by Gen. W. T. Sher- 
 man and the Confederates had to 
 evacuate the position. 
 
 Railroads: Virginia & Georgia; 
 Western & Atlantic ; Atlantic & East 
 Tennesse. 
 
 GAINESVILLE, Ga. 
 On the Southern Railway, is a town 
 of 3,200 inhabitants and the seat of 
 Georgia Semin2iry and Gainesville 
 College. 
 
 LA GRANGE, Ga. 
 71 miles from Atlanta via the 
 Atlanta & West Point R. R. lies La 
 Grange noted throughout the State 
 for its educational establishments. 
 It has 3,000 inhabitants. 
 
 MACON, Ga. 
 
 Macon has 22,750 inhabitants and 
 is one of the most populous cities 
 of Georgia. It is situated on the 
 Ocmulgee which is here crossed by 
 a bridge; the city is regularly laid 
 out and well built and is embowered 
 in trees and shrubbery. The princ- 
 ipal buildings are the United States 
 Building, the Court House, and the 
 Academy of Music. Macon is the 
 seat of the State Academy of the 
 blind located in an imposing brick 
 edifice. 
 
 Mercer University is a prosperous 
 institution with a good library; the 
 Wesleyan Female College has a wide 
 reputation. 
 
 Macon is the center of the Cen- 
 tral of Georgia R. R. System. 
 
 MARIETTA, Ga. 
 A town of 3,400 inhabitants twenty 
 miles from Atlanta on the Western 
 & Atlantic R. R. and has a delight- 
 ful climate and is therefore a favorite 
 health resort. It is the site of the 
 
 National Cemetery in which are 
 buried ten- thousand Federal Sol- 
 diers. 
 
 Two and a half miles from Mari- 
 etta is Kennesaw Mountain which 
 overlooks a vast extent of country. 
 
 MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. 
 The former capital of the State, 
 on the Georgia R. R., 93 miles 
 from Augusta. The State Peniten- 
 tiary and the Georgia Asylum for 
 the Insane are situated here. The 
 town has 3,000 inhabitants. 
 
 ROME, Ga. 
 
 With a population of 7,000 inhab- 
 itants is the most important town 
 of Northern Georgia situated on 
 Coosa River on the northern high- 
 lands; it is not alone a well known 
 trade center and cotton depot, but 
 also a much frequented health 
 resort. 
 
 To be reached by the Southern 
 Railway Co. 
 
 SAVANNAH, Ga. 
 
 Savannah is reached from New , 
 York by steamers, leaving Pier 34, 
 North River, three times a week. 
 Time 55 hours; fare $20,00. There 
 are also steamers to Savannah from 
 Philadelphia twice a week; from 
 Boston and Baltimore once a week. 
 The Railway connections Jire excel- 
 lent by the Southern Railway, the 
 Atlantic Coast Line, the Charleston 
 & Savannah the Savannah, Flor- 
 ida & Western and the Central of 
 Georgia. 
 
 Savannah is the commercial me- 
 tropolis of Georgia. The city is 
 situated on the South bank of the 
 Savannah River, 18 miles from its 
 mouth. 
 
 Savannah received a city charter 
 in 1789. In 1850 it had 15,000 in- 
 habitants; in 1890, 43,189. 
 
 In the center of Savannah is a 
 handsome fountain, after the model 
 of that in the Place de la Concorde, 
 Paris, and a stately Confederate Mon- 
 ument stands in the new portion. 
 Near the center of the city is Mon- 
 ument Square, containing a fine 
 Doric obelisk erected to the memory 
 of General Greene. In Monterey 
 
 94 
 
Square stands the Pulaski Monument, 
 one of the most perfect specimens 
 of monumental architecture in the 
 United States. The monument cov- 
 ers the spot where Pulaski fell dur- 
 ing an attack upon the city while it 
 was occupied by the British in 1779. 
 The bronze statue of Sergeant Jasper 
 stands in Madison Square. In Court- 
 House Square is a Monument erected 
 in memory of WUliam W. Gordon, 
 the first president of the Central 
 Railroad & Banking Co. 
 
 In the vicinity of Savannah are 
 some places of picturesque beauty; 
 White Bluff, Montgomery, Beaulieu, 
 Isle of Hope jind Thunderbolt are 
 all rural retreats on "The Salts", 
 
 where in the summer months salt- 
 water bathing may be enjoyed. 
 Agents of the N orth German Lloyd : 
 H. Salomon & Sons, Savannah, Ga, 
 
 THOMASVILLE, Ga. 
 
 Thomasville, the "Garden City of 
 the South," is situated in the very 
 heart of the high pine section of 
 Georgia, only twelve miles north of 
 the Florida State line. It is one 
 of the best known and most popular 
 health resorts of the South. 
 
 To be reached by the Peimsyl- 
 vania R. R. and Southern Railway 
 and Central R. R. of Georgia and 
 the Plant System. 
 
 95 
 
IDAHO. 
 
 Idaho is an Indian word signifying 
 "Gem of the Mountains," a very 
 appropriate term for the queenly 
 young State. It is 410 miles long, 
 and 257 wide in the extreme south, 
 and has an area of over 55,000,000 
 acres. There are 18,400.000 acres 
 classed as mountainous, 15,000,000 
 agricultural lands, 7,000,000 acres 
 of forests, 20,000,000 acres of lands, 
 and 600,000 acres of lakes. This 
 may be well called an imperial 
 domain, consisting as it does, of 
 84,000 square miles. Idaho was 
 admitted to the Union as a State 
 July 3, 1890. 
 
 Idaho is in the same latitude as 
 France, Switzerland, and portions 
 of Italy, Spain, and Portugal. It is 
 subject to oceanic influences very 
 similar to those countries, and neces- 
 sarily has a somewhat similar cUmate, 
 All this region is neai" enough to the 
 Pacific Ocean to be very noticeably 
 affected by its currents. 
 
 The State of Idaho is divided into 
 two distinct sections by the Salmon 
 River Mountains. The Union Pacific 
 System and the Northern Pacific 
 Railway are the principal transporta- 
 tion companies in the state. 
 
 BOISE CITY, Idaho. 
 From Shoshone Station, passing 
 westward, the next tovrai of import- 
 ance is Boise City, which is now 
 reached from Nampa, via the Idaho 
 Central branch of the Union Pacific 
 System. Boise City is nineteen miles 
 from Nampa, and has an elevation 
 of 2,840 feet. It has a population of 
 7,000, good hotel accommodations, 
 
 and is a point of interest to the 
 tourist. Boise City is the largest, 
 wealthiest, and most attractive town 
 in the State, with good schools and 
 pleasant homes. It is in the center 
 of the Idaho fruit-belt. A great 
 many medicinal springs are to be 
 found within the immediate neigh- 
 borhood of Boise City, easy of access, 
 and possessing many charms, both 
 of water and scenery. 
 
 The streets are wide and clean, 
 and have good crossings, and the 
 dense growth of shade trees on each 
 side of all the streets makes the 
 avenues delightfully shady and 
 pleasant. The business part of the 
 town is substantially built with brick 
 and stone, a city ordinance forbidding 
 the erection of wooden buildings 
 within certain limits. 
 
 Five miles above Boise City, up 
 the Boise Valley, are a dozen or 
 more hot springs. Some are boiling 
 hot, while others are moderately 
 wann. The drive to the springs is 
 through a thickly settled portion of 
 the suburbs of the city, studded on 
 either side by beautiful orchards and 
 groves, laden at the proper season 
 with the most delicious fruits. The 
 United States penitentiary is passed 
 a quarter of a mile to the left, when 
 we soon come near the river bank, 
 where a bluff two miles or more in 
 length forms the immense stone 
 quarries that furnish building material 
 for Boise City and Southern Idaho. 
 We next reach the large farm and 
 stock ranch which belongs to the 
 springs property, the springs lying 
 in a large cove or gulch to the right, 
 
 96 
 
a portion of the water falling over 
 thirty feet in height, forming a pictur- 
 esque appearance, causing admiration 
 and astonishment to the beholder. 
 This is one of the loveliest drives out 
 of Boise City, and a place of great 
 resort for the people of the city and 
 visitors who come to the capital. 
 
 BURKE, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Coeur d'Alene Branch. 
 Population 900, has eight stores, 
 two public halls, one hotel, etc. 
 Mining is the chief industry, the 
 Tiger and Poorman mines and their 
 concentrators being located here. 
 Other mines are being rapidly 
 developed. 
 
 CLARK'S FORK, Idaho. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150, 
 is surrounded with timber and ag- 
 ricidtural lands. Lead and silver 
 in surrounding mountains. Located 
 three miles from mouth of Clark's 
 Fork River. Two stores, one hotel, 
 saw and shingle mUls, water power, 
 etc. Fine white fish, speckled and 
 salmon trout fishing. 
 
 CCEUR D'ALENE CITY, Idaho. 
 
 M. U. R. Ft. Sherman Branch- 
 Population 800, is inKootenai county, 
 beautifully situated on Lake Cceur 
 d'Alene. It is growing rapidly and 
 now has four general merchandise 
 stores, one graded school, one 
 hardware store, two hotels, four 
 churches, a saw mill, shingle mill, 
 weekly paper, water-works plant, etc. 
 This is the chief shipping point to 
 the Coeur d'Alene mines, connec- 
 tion being made with the Ft. 
 
 GENESEE, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 1,300, is the 
 present terminus of the Palouse 
 branch. It has two hotels, eleven 
 stores, two banks, flour mill, electric 
 lights, graded schools, four churches, 
 three livery stables, seven elevators 
 (which handle one million bushels 
 grain per year), cigar factory, brew- 
 ery, four saloons, three lumber yards, 
 blacksmith shops, two newspapers, 
 etc. The country surroundmg is 
 very productive and well adapted to 
 the raising of fruits and vegetables 
 
 of all kinds, wheat, flax, oats, barley, 
 hay, etc. Four nules distant is the 
 Nez Perce Reservation, which is one 
 of the productive farming coimtries 
 in Idaho, and is a very fine fruit 
 country. It is shipping point for 
 a large number of cattle and hogs. 
 
 GREAT SHOSHONE FALL, Id. 
 
 It is a three hours' run from 
 Pocatello to Shoshone Station. From 
 Shoshone to the Falls is twenty-four 
 miles, and the method of travel is 
 either, by stage-coach or private 
 conveyance. Good teams there are 
 in abundance, and the distance is 
 made in three and one-half hours. 
 But after one has driven the allotted 
 time, there are no signs of the Falls ; 
 the same desert stretches around, 
 and a purple mountain chain in the 
 far south seems to be the ultimate 
 goal. With-in the last mile or so a 
 few lava ridges have sprung up, and 
 passing suddenly around one of 
 these, we find ourselves in a natural 
 gate, and there below, a sheer 1,200 
 feet, lies the Snake River, and then 
 we hear for the first time the music 
 of the Falls. A steep road brings 
 us down to the ferry. The water 
 here, 200 yards above the Falls, is 
 over 200 feet deep, and of a greenish 
 color. The ferry is a very substan- 
 tial affair, worked by an under-water 
 wire cable, and another safety wire 
 cable above, reaching from bank to 
 bank. The cosy hotel is all that 
 could be desired in cuisine and 
 menage, and at the very door one 
 stands and looks down at the Falls. 
 Shoshone differs from every other 
 waterfall in this or the old country. 
 It is its lonely grandeur that im- 
 presses one so deeply; aU of the 
 other historic places have the ad- 
 juncts of civilization, and one is almost 
 overshadowed by a city while in 
 their presence. The encroachments 
 of men haVe taken away from the 
 charm of Nature. But Shoshone is 
 as lonely as when first this rushing 
 river sprang through those towering 
 canon walls. The height of the 
 chasm above and below the Falls 
 varies from 1,050 to 1,000 feet, and 
 there is eighteen miles of this gorge. 
 The fall proper measures 950 feet 
 across, and the Bridal "Veil, which is 
 
 97 
 
only a few yaxds back of the great 
 fall, 125 feet. Down through this 
 appalling rent the river plunges, 
 takes a flying leap of eighty-two 
 feet at first, and then falling thun- 
 derously 210 feet into the boiling 
 basin below. It is three miles up 
 the river to Twin Falls; six miles 
 to Blue Lake, a charming bit of 
 water seventy-five feet deep and as 
 clear as crystal; one-half mile to the 
 Vaulted Dome ; one-half mile to the 
 Locomotive Cave; a mile and a 
 quarter to the lower Cascade Falls, 
 and one and one-half miles to the 
 DevU's Corral. The hotel is situated 
 on the bank over-looking the Great 
 Falls, not twenty feet from the biiak, 
 and affords a view of Bridal VeU, 
 Bridal Train, Natural Mill Race Falls, 
 Eagle Rock, and Bell's Island. 
 
 HAILEY, Idaho. 
 
 Hailey is situated just where Quig- 
 ley and Croy gulches unite with the 
 Wood River valley, the junction 
 affording a fine view m four dh'ections, 
 embracing well- cultivated ranches, 
 and ending with the foothills. It is 
 reached by the U. P. R. R. The 
 climate is mild and even, and the 
 roads, stretching away on all sides, 
 are perfect. The mines at Hailey 
 possess much of interest to the 
 tourist, and a good hotel furnishes 
 accommodations. 
 
 One-and-a— half miles from Hailey 
 are the famous Hailey Hot Springs. 
 The ride or walk thither is very 
 pleasant, leading through a pictui- 
 esque little valley, and the location, 
 in a lovely glen in sight of several 
 rich mines, is very pleasing. Large 
 volumes of water of a temperature 
 of 150 ", and containing sulphate of 
 soda, iron, magnesia, sulphur, and 
 other desirable ingredients, are found 
 in scores of springs. Commodious 
 swimming-baths are provided. 
 
 The largest hospitcd of Alturas 
 County is near. A two-mile drive 
 from Hailey takes the tourist to the 
 beautiful valley of Croy Gulch, with 
 an altitude of about 5,300 feet. The 
 Bolton Hot Springs, five miles from 
 Hailey, are also very efficacious in 
 relieving and curing rheumatism. 
 Bellevue, five miles south of HaOey, 
 is a pretty little town. 
 
 HAUSER JUNCTION, Idaho. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. This is the 
 junction point with the Fort Sherman 
 Branch, running to Coeur d'Alene 
 City, where connection is made with 
 the Coeur d'Alene Branch of the 
 Northern Pacific Railway for all the 
 principal points in the mines of the 
 Coeur d'Alene district. Fine trout 
 fishing necir. Large hay and wool 
 shipments. 
 
 HOPE, Idaho. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
 on the north shore of Lake Pend 
 d'OreiUe, is principally noted as a 
 resort for summer tourists. Good 
 boats and guides at reasonable rates. 
 Hotel charges, $ l4 per week. Hope 
 has three hotels, four general stores, 
 school, lumber yard, etc. Steamers 
 make daily trips to aU points on the 
 lake. The hunting is unexcelled, 
 large and smedl game being found 
 in abundance. The lake supphes the 
 very best of game fish. The change 
 from "Mountain" to "Pacific" New 
 Standard Time is made here. This 
 is the junction of the Rocky Moun- 
 tain and Idaho Divisions. 
 
 JXJLIAETTA, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 300, is situated 
 in the center of Latah County, one 
 of the finest grain counties in the 
 west, has three general stores, one 
 hotel, bank, brewery, three grain 
 warehouses, one tlour mill, fine 
 public school, two churches, weekly 
 newspaper. 
 
 KENDRICK, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 900, has nine 
 stores, one bank, flouring mill, one 
 sash and door factory, three grain 
 warehouses, one elevator, two church- 
 es, two hotels, harness shop, two 
 weekly newspapers, electric lights, 
 water-works, and a brick-yard. Geo- 
 graphical center of 65 square miles 
 of some of the finest fruit and farm- 
 ing lemd in this section. 
 
 KETCHUM, Idaho. 
 Ketchum, a rapidly growing town 
 of about 400 to 500 people, lies 
 thirteen miles north of Hailey, cind 
 
 98 
 
is beautifully situated at the head of 
 the Wood River Valley. It is reached 
 by the U. P. R. R. At Ketchum, 
 Wood River is as clear as crystal 
 and rich in the finest of mountain 
 trout. The vicinity surrounding 
 affords good hunting, and alt and 
 bear abound. The mines round about 
 'Ketchum are large and will well 
 repay inspection. The Guyer Hot 
 Springs, two miles by stage from 
 Ketchum, are noted for their med- 
 icinal waters, and are of high repute 
 throughout the neighboring country. 
 There are many objects of interest, 
 both for the tourist and pleasure- 
 seeker, in and about Ketchum, The 
 scenery is beautiful and the climate 
 all that could be desired. 
 
 LEWISTON, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Oldest town in State, the 
 county seat of Nez Perce County, is 
 situated at junction of Snake and 
 Clearwater rivers, five miles from 
 western boundary of Nez Perce 
 Indian Reservation, which is now 
 open to settlement. Is but ten miles 
 from Uniontown, where stage makes 
 trip continuous to Lewiston; fare, 
 $ 1. The Nez Perce Reservation, 
 now thrown open, together with a 
 very extensive farming country and 
 fruit land, lies tributary to the Palouse 
 Country and depends very largely 
 upon it for supplies. Lewiston has 
 a population of 2,600, two National 
 banks, one flouring mill, one chop 
 mill, planing mill, waterworks, elec- 
 tric lights, two saw mills, four hotels, 
 fifty stores, five livery stables. United 
 States land office, State Normal 
 School, opera house, water power, etc. 
 
 MISSION. Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Coeur D'Alene Branch. 
 Is the transfer point between the 
 boats and railroad. 
 
 MOSCOW, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 3,000, is the 
 county seat of Latah county, has 
 three hotels, three banks, thirty-five 
 general stores, two jewelry stores, 
 three drug stores, three restaurants, 
 nine churches. State University, 
 Agricultural College and experiment 
 
 station, two public school buildings, 
 town hall, water-works, telephone 
 exchange, electric-light plant, plan- 
 ing mill, and factory, livery, stables, 
 etc. The main line of the Palouse 
 runs through Moscow to Juliaetta. 
 Surrounding country very rich farm- 
 ing country. Valuable opal mines 
 are near by, also gold placer mines 
 in adjacent mountains. 
 
 MULLAN, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Coeur d'Alene Branch 
 Population 500, has three general 
 merchandise stores, two hotels, town 
 hall, two livery stables, hardware 
 store, drug store, church, school, 
 book store, planing mill, lumber 
 yard, water-works, electric lights, etc. 
 Mining is the chief industry. The 
 Gold Hunter and Morning mines 
 and their concentrators are located 
 here. 
 
 OSBORN, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Coeur D'Alene Branch. 
 Population 200, located on the south 
 fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, has 
 two hotels, planing mill, school, 
 church, two stores, etc. "The 
 Knickerbocker", "Nellie". "Mineral 
 Point", and "Killbuck" mines, all 
 valuable properties, are located here 
 and being rapidly developed. 
 
 POCATELLO, Id. 
 A railroad town of 5000 inhab- 
 itants, lacking any particular charm 
 of scenery or environment, but is 
 recommended by the Union Pacific 
 as a very convfenient poiiit for head- 
 quarters, while "doing" Idaho and 
 Montana. The Pacific Hotel, near 
 the station, has a good reputation. 
 
 POST FALLS, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Ft. Sherman Branch. 
 Population 600; situated on the 
 north bank' of Spokane River, which 
 furnishes excellent water power. 
 It has sash and door factory, saw 
 mill, flour mill (roller), shingle mill, 
 woolen mill, five stores, creamery, 
 hotel, school, two churches, water 
 works, etc., surrounded by valuable 
 mining and lumber district. Over 
 $125,000 expended in improving and 
 developing water power. Game: 
 Prairie chicken, pheasant and ducks. 
 
 99 
 
Excellent trout fishing. Shipments: 
 Lumber, flour and grain. 
 
 RATHDRUM, Idaho. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Has a population 
 of 500; water works, two hotels, 
 eight stores, court house, three 
 churches, two halls, two newspapers, 
 school, saw mill,' and a brewery. 
 Stock constitutes the principal ship- 
 ment. Game and fish abundant. 
 
 SAND POINT, Idaho. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 375, 
 is situated on Lake Pend d'Oreille. 
 The surrounding country is heavily 
 timbered. Has four stores, hotel, 
 lime kiln, box and barrel factory, 
 saw and shingle mill, etc. This is 
 the shipping point for the upper 
 Kootenai country. Trout fishing 
 unexcelled, and game pleritiful. 
 
 SODA SPRINGS, Id. 
 
 This famous resort has become 
 well known to tourists only within 
 the past few years. The new hotel, 
 the Idanha, elegant and commodious, 
 meets all requirements for ease and 
 comfort, while the sanitaiy effects of 
 the waters are incomparable. 
 
 Soda Springs has an elevation of 
 5,780 feet above sea level. 
 
 There are trains by way of Pocatello 
 or Gi'anger; and through passengers 
 may reach it from the east or west. 
 The temperature is beautifully even 
 and mild in summer. 
 
 There are thirteen springs within 
 a radius of half a mile from the 
 hotel. The first one, 200 feet from 
 the hotel, bubbles from the top of a 
 conical mound. Swan Lake, six 
 miles east, is a beautiful sheet of 
 water of unknown depth. Formation 
 Springs, five miles northeast, shows 
 some curious eifects of lime deposit, 
 petrifying moss, leaves, and twigs 
 perfectly. Hooper Spring, one and 
 one-half miles distant, is a beauty; 
 but all pale into insignificance before 
 
 the Manrmoth Spring. This is five 
 miles from the station. The road 
 leads one to a level stretch of prairie 
 covered with waving grass rimmed 
 in by foothills. One walks to the 
 very margin of the spring before it 
 is discovered, so completely is it 
 hidden; and there within a circle of 
 a few yards a dozen springs form a 
 pool. The water is intensely blue 
 and very deep. 
 
 VOLLMER, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 500, six stores, 
 two hotels, graded schools, two 
 newspapers, and town hall. Center 
 of large lumber and wheat districts. 
 
 WALLACE, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Coeur d'Alene Branch. 
 Population 2,500, has thirty-seven 
 stores, four hotels, two livery stables, 
 bank, newspaper, electric-light and 
 water -works plants, brewery, one 
 bottling works, and two lumber yards. 
 The Northwest Milling and Sampling 
 Co. have large sampling works at 
 this point. The shops of the Coeur 
 d'Alene Branch are located here. 
 
 WARDNER, Idaho. 
 M. U. R. Coeur D'Alene Branch. 
 Population 1,000, has one church, 
 school, hotel, public hall, several 
 stores, etc. It is the diverging point, 
 and only one and one-half miles 
 from Weudner, at which place are 
 located some of the principal silver 
 and lead mines of the Coeur d'Alene 
 district, notably, the Bunker Hill, 
 Sierra Nevada, "Stemwinder", Emma 
 and Last Chance consolidated, and 
 Sullivan. The output of concentrated 
 and crude ores from this point 
 reaches 100 tons daily. Four con- 
 centrators give emplo3'^ment to 
 hundreds of men. Wardner is the 
 principal supply point in the mines 
 for prospectors. 
 
 too 
 
ILLINOIS. 
 
 In 1673 Father Marquette, the 
 famous missionary, and Louis joliet, 
 a Canadian fur trader, crossed Wis- 
 consin by the Fox and Wisconsin 
 Rivers, and descended the Mississippi, 
 being the first white men to see 
 Illiuois, whose peoj)le welcomed them 
 with the peace-pipe. In i68o La 
 Salle and Hennepin founded Fort 
 Creve-Coeur on the Mississippi, and 
 an important commerce between the 
 inhabitants of its valley and the 
 Corderers of the great lakes was 
 established. The French Colony had 
 its government first in Quebec, and 
 then in New Orleans. In 1763 Illinois 
 was ceded to England. After the 
 Revolutionary war Illraois became 
 a part of the JSTorthwest Territory. 
 In 1809 the territory of Illinois was 
 organised, including Wisconsin, 
 Michigan and Minnesota. The popula- 
 tion at that .time was about 12,000 
 of white color. In l8l8 Illinois was 
 admitted as a State. Since that time 
 there has been a great development, 
 especially of the metropolis Chicago, 
 numbering now nearly 2,000,000 
 inhabitants. In the great civU war 
 Illinois sent out for the freedom of 
 all men no less than 156 regiments 
 of infantry and 17 of cavalry and 
 33 batteries, numbering 259,092 men.- 
 
 The population was in 
 
 i860 
 1870 
 1880 
 1890 
 
 1,711,951 
 2,539,891 
 3,077,871 
 3,826,351. 
 
 ALTON, 111. 
 A manufacturing town with 10,294 
 inhabitants, on a plateau overlooking 
 the Mississippi, three miles above 
 
 the confluence of this river with the 
 Missouri. Lime and buildiag-stone 
 are largely exported, it has a good 
 river navigation and is well connected 
 by several railroads all over the 
 country. There are a great many 
 chmxhes and also a bishoprie, since 
 1868 with a Roman Catholic Cathe- 
 dral. — Railroads: C. & A. ; St. Louis, 
 Alton & Springfield. 
 
 AURORA, 111. 
 
 A manufacturing town and raikoad 
 center, south-west of Chicago, has 
 19,688 iahabitants and is said to 
 have been the first city that lighted its 
 streets with electric light 'in 1881. 
 It was the first town to open a free 
 public school. 
 
 BELLEVILLE, 111. 
 
 A thriving town about 17 miles 
 from East St. Louis. 
 
 BLOOMINGTON, 111. 
 
 A handsomely built town of 20,484 
 inh. with many manufactories and 
 educational institutions. Amongst 
 the most prominent is the „Illiaois 
 Wesleyan University" (Methodist) 
 with 200 students and a librarv of 
 15,000 volumes. The Major Temale 
 College and a Female Seminary are 
 worth naming. It also has many 
 fine edifices. Near Bloomington, at 
 Normal, the State Normal Univer- 
 sity was founded, it has 16 
 instructors and 720 students. Rail- 
 roads: Chicago Burlington and 
 Northern; C. C. C. and St. Louis; 
 I. C: L. E. 
 
 101 
 
CAIRO, 111. 
 
 At the confluence of the Ohio and 
 Mississippi, has 10,324 inh.; the 
 stopping point for steamers but is 
 not of any consideration having not 
 fulfilled the expectations set thereon. 
 During the civil war Col. Yates 
 garrisoned it and made it a depot 
 of supplies. — Railroads: C. C. C. 
 &St.L. 
 
 CENTRALIA, 111. 
 
 A junction point of several rail- 
 ways, with a population of 4,763, a 
 thriving town with factories, coal- 
 mines and large fruit cultivation. 
 
 CHAMPAIGN, 111. 
 A town of 5,838 inh. at the 
 intersection of the Cleveland, Cin- 
 cinnati, Chicago and St. Louis R. R. 
 There are the Illinois University, a 
 female academy and a public library. 
 
 CHICAGO, see page 104. 
 DECATUR, 111. 
 North of Springfield, has a pop- 
 ulation of 16,841 souls, was the first 
 place in which the Army of the Re- 
 public was mustered, in April 1866 
 by Major Stephenson, the comrades 
 then numbering twelve, now they 
 amount to 40,000; the Silver Anni- 
 versary of the event was commem- 
 orated in 1891 by a National 
 Memorial Hall, a storehouse of re- 
 cords and curiosities, a temple of 
 patriotism. The Soldier Home has 
 900 inmates, living in pretty cottages. 
 — Railroads: I. C. ; Indianopolis, 
 Decatur & Western; Wabash. 
 
 DUQUOIN, 111. 
 
 A flourishing city, with a popula- 
 tion of 4,052, chief market-place for 
 Illinois tobacco; coaling mining is 
 carried on extensively; cotton 
 growing, fruit raising and general 
 agriculture; terminus of the St. 
 Louis R. R. 
 
 ELGIN, 111. 
 
 A very busy town with 17,823 
 inhabitants, it has all kinds of factor- 
 ies, especially "Watch Works", 
 many fine churches and an Insane 
 Infirmary. 
 
 EVANSTON, lU. 
 
 On Lake Michigan, a pretty place 
 for excursions from Chicago and 
 
 has Norwegian, l)anish and Swedish 
 theological schools; Northwestern 
 University organised by Methodists 
 in 1855. 
 
 EAST ST. LOUIS, 111., 
 is a growing town with many indus- 
 tries, it belongs more to St. Louis 
 (Mo) than to Illinois, and is connec- 
 ted with the latter city by the 
 splendid Eads Bridge. 
 
 GALENA, 111. 
 
 On the top of the Fevre Bluffs, 
 an important lead- mining town with 
 5,685 inh. in the northwestern part 
 of the state. There is a fine statue 
 of General Grant here. — Railroads: 
 C. B. & N.; C. & N. W.; L C. 
 
 GALESBURG, 111. 
 Situated in the midst of a rich 
 farming country, with 15,264 inhab- 
 itants; the seat of Knox College 
 and Lombard University, both 
 admitting lady-students. Railroads: 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; 
 Chicago, St. Fe & California. 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, 111. 
 
 On the Wabash Line, at the inter- 
 section of several railroads, it has 
 10,740 inhabitants, is the seat of the 
 State Institution for the Education 
 of the Deaf and Dumb, institutions 
 for Blind, Insane and feebleminded 
 and a high school for Woman. — 
 Railroads: Chicago Burliagton and 
 Northern; Jacksonville and S. E.; 
 Wabash. 
 
 JOLIET, 111. 
 
 40 miles south west of Chicago, 
 on the Des Plaines River, has a 
 population of 23,364 inh. It is the 
 prmcipal shipping point for the pro- 
 ducts of the surrounding country, 
 has large quarries of white and blue 
 limestone. — Railroads: C. B. & N.; 
 C. R. I. & P.; C. St. Fe & Cal.; 
 Michigan Central. 
 
 KANKAKEE, 111. 
 
 Nicely situated on the Kankakee 
 River, a tributary of the Illinois, an 
 important manufacturing town and 
 many quarries of limestone. The 
 Insane Asylum is one of the largest 
 establishments on the village system. 
 The town has a population of 9,02S. 
 — Railroads .• C. C. C. & St. Louis ; I. G 
 
 102 
 
MOLINE, m. 
 On the east bank of the Mississippi, 
 ,a thriving town of 13,634 mh. 
 with many factories, and is surrotinded 
 by a country rich in coal. 
 
 MONMOUTH, m. 
 Situated in a beautiful prairie with 
 4936 inhabitants; seat of the The- 
 ological Seminary of the North- 
 west and Monmouth College, noted 
 for their educational advantages. 
 
 • OTTAWA, 111. 
 An important railway center on 
 the Illinois river, where the Fox river 
 empties into it, and on the Illinois 
 & Michigan Canal. The Fox river 
 has a fall of 29 ft, affording an 
 immense water-power which is 
 extensively used in manufactures. 
 There are several grain - elevators, 
 and large quantities of wheat and 
 coal are shipped from here. The 
 city has more than 10,000 inh., is 
 handsomely built and lighted with 
 electricity. The State Court-House, 
 in which the Supreme-Court of the 
 northern division of the State is 
 held, and the Country Court-House 
 are the most prominent public 
 buildings. 
 
 PEORIA, lU. 
 41,024 inhabitants, situated on 
 beautiful Lake Peoria, has many fine 
 public buildings, large elevators, im- 
 portant manulactures, a great export 
 trade in corn and oats. — Railroads: 
 C. B. & Q.; Ch. R. I. & P.; C. C. 
 C. & St. K.; Iowa Central; J. &. S. 
 E.; L. E. & W. 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Germ. Amer. Nat. B'k, Peoria, lU. 
 
 QUINCY, 111. 
 A handsome town on a limestone 
 bluff above the Mississippi, with 
 31,494 inhabitants. It was founded 
 in 1822, has many new public build- 
 ings, a large industry in flour-miU- 
 ing, as well as ia meatpackiag etc. 
 There are several parks and ceme- 
 teries and large Fair Grounds of 
 
 about 80 acres. It is the cenlei 
 of three railway-lines. Railroads: 
 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; 
 Wabash; Chicago, Pekin and S. E. ; 
 Illinois and St. Louis; Louisville 
 and Nashville. 
 
 ROCKFORD, m. 
 On both sides of Rock River, 
 a busy manufacturing town; there 
 are iron foundries, machine-shops, 
 agricultaral implements, brewerie? 
 woolen-mills, with a population of 
 13,584. — Rock/ord Seminary serves 
 the educational interests of the town; 
 it is a railway terminus of the Chicago 
 and N. W. R. R. and headquarters 
 of the Third Infantry. — Railroads: 
 Chicago & Iowa; C. M. & St. P.; 
 I. C. 
 
 ROCK ISLAND, 111. 
 
 A flourishing town of 13,634 id- 
 habitants, with large factories on the 
 Mississippi, the terminus of the 
 Michigan and Mississippi Canal. It 
 takes its name from an island in the 
 river, where there is a State Arsenal. 
 — Railroads: C. B. & Q.; C. M. & 
 St. P.; C. R. L & P. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, 111., 
 The capital of Illinois since 1837 
 and lies m a rich fanning and coal- 
 mining coutry, south of the Sangamon 
 River. It has been called "the Flower 
 Garden" by reason of its beauty and 
 surroundings; it is a beautifully 
 built town with many factories and 
 24,963 inh. The State Capitol is a 
 splendid building. In Oak Ridge 
 Cemetery, 2 miles north of the town 
 is the burial place of Abraham 
 Lincoln with a beautiful monument, 
 erected by the Lincoln Monument 
 Association. Near Springfield, is 
 Camp Lincoln, The State Carnp of 
 Instruction, troops are often stationed 
 there for military duty, they have 
 often rendered valuable services in 
 time of riot and strikes. — Railroads : 
 C. & A.; L C; St. L. & C; Wabash. 
 
 WAUKEGAN, 111. 
 On the boundary line of Wiscon- 
 sin; a summer-resort and export 
 town. — Railroads: C. & N. W.; 
 Waukegan & S. W. 
 
 t08 
 
 n 
 
CHICAGO. 
 
 Map of Chicago: An elaborate 
 map of Chicago is added to the 
 description of the City. 
 
 Railroad Depots. Chicago is the 
 center of 76,865 miles of railroad. 
 Seven terminal depots accommodate 
 the trains of thirty-five different 
 companies, and about 100 way- 
 stations within the city limits provide 
 for the convenience of local pas- 
 sengers. The Union Depot, Canal 
 Street, used by the Pittsburg, Fort 
 Wayne & Chicago, the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy, Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul, and other 
 railroads; the depot of the Michigan 
 Southern and Rock Island roads, 
 Van Buren Street; that of the 
 Chicago & North -Western, Wells 
 and Eanzie streets; Dearborn Station, 
 Dearborn and Polk streets, and the 
 Grand Central Depot, are among 
 the most prominent buildings in the 
 city. 
 
 The following list of some railways, 
 depots, and ticket offices will be 
 found useful: 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio. Grand Central 
 Depot, Fifth Avenue and Harrison 
 Street. City tiket office, 193 Clark 
 Street. 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk. Depot, 
 Polk Street and Third Avenue. 
 General office, Monadnock Building, 
 cor. Jackson and Dearborn streets. 
 Central ticket office, 103 Clark Street. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. 
 Union Depot, Canal and Adams 
 streets. West Side. City ticket office, 
 211 Clark Street. Quincy Building. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & 
 vSt. Louis ("The Big 4"). Illinois 
 Central Depot, foot of Lake and 
 Randolph streets. Central ticket office, 
 234 Clark Street. 
 
 Chica^, St. Lotiis & Pittsburg. 
 Union Depot, Canal and Adcims 
 streets. 
 
 Louisville, New Albany & Chicago 
 ("Monon Route"). Depot, Polk 
 Street and Third Avenue. General 
 offices, 198 Customhouse court. City 
 office, 73 Clark Street. 
 
 Michigan Central. Depot, foot of 
 Lake and Randolph streets. General 
 office 119 Adam street. 
 
 Union Pacific. City ticket office, 
 191 Clark Street. 
 
 Wisconsin Central Line. Grand 
 Central Depot, Harrison Street and 
 P'ifth Avenue. City ticket office, 
 205 Clai-k Street. 
 
 Twenty-eight railroads, operating 
 forty systems, with nearly 40,000 
 miles of road, converge and center 
 in Chicago, thus making it the 
 
 freatest railroad city of the world, 
 wo hundred and sixty-two through, 
 express, and mail trains arrive or 
 leave each day. In the same period, 
 6601ocal, suburban, or accommodation 
 trains arrive or depart; 274 merch- 
 andise freight trains, and l64 grain, 
 stock, and lumber trains reaching 
 Chicago or leaving it in every twenty- 
 four hours; thus making a grand 
 total of 1,360 as the average daily 
 movement of all classes of trains, an 
 aggregate reached by no other city 
 in the universe. 
 
 104 
 
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦«♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 CHICAGO tOM02 RANDOLPH ST. 
 
 I gegeniiber dem Schiller-Tlieater. 
 
 @r8sste Dentsche Buchhandlnng 
 
 im "We s t e n 
 
 FUHRER * KARTEN * ANSICHTEN 
 
 * * REISE-LEKTURE in grosster Auswakl 
 
 59 FOUNTAIN PENS. 
 
 ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 F =^ 
 
 J 
 
 "WfM 
 
 RESTAURANT, WINE and BEER HALL 
 
 Furnished Rooms with or without Board 
 
 28 Dearborn Avenue. ^^ 
 
 _3 BERNHARD GOHRBAND, Prop. CHICAGO. -. 
 
 CARL B 
 
 Northside Turnhall 
 RismRrrk 
 
 iUNGE 
 
 > famous 64 
 
 and gs^j^asv^o- 
 Garden-Concerts. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 lOla 
 
CHICAGO. 
 
WALKER & CO. 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
 
 Grain 5^rovisions, Stocks, Sonds 
 
 Investment and Securities. "^^ 
 
 MEMBERS of the NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE. 
 „ CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE. 
 „ CHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE. 
 
 21 Pacific Avenue, CHICAGO. 
 
 ° II o II " !i " I •■ I " ri Q 
 
 Q) 
 
 fRIEDRICH's PE8TADRANT 
 
 415 NORTH CLARK STREET \ 
 
 and CHICAGO. 
 
 1357 NORTH CLARK STREET. ) 
 
 Best well known Restaurants on the North Side. 
 60 Established since 1886. 
 
 Mrs. M. FRIEDRICH. GEORG E. FRIEDRICH jr. 
 
 c 
 
 104d 
 
BAGGAGE TRANSFERS AND 
 DELIVERY. 
 
 Various thoroughly reliable coni- 
 panies, at moderate charges, will 
 convey baggage from or to the depots, 
 or to any city address. The Frank 
 Parmelee Company is to be found 
 at any depot, or Brink's City Express 
 reached by inquiry of a hotel clerk. 
 
 Outgoing Baggage. When you 
 get ready to leave the city, an 
 expressmann will call at your house 
 and take and deliver your baggage 
 at any station for from 25 to 50 cents 
 a piece. Parmelee's Express Com- 
 pany will check your baggage at the 
 house to your destination in any 
 part of the contry, so that you need 
 have no trouble with it at the railway 
 station; but you must have bought 
 your railway ticket in advance, and 
 must pay 10 cents additional for the 
 accommodation. 
 
 Rates of Fare for Hacks, Cabsi 
 and Other 2wo-horse Vehicles. For 
 conveying one or two passengers 
 from one railroad depot to another 
 railroad depot, $ 1. For conveying 
 one or two passengers not exceeding 
 one mile, $ 1. For conveying one 
 or two passengers any distance over 
 one mile and less than two miles 
 $ l,5o. For each additional two 
 passengers of same party or family, 
 50 cents. For conveying one or two 
 passengers in the city any distance 
 exceeding two miles % 2. For each 
 additional passenger of the same 
 party or family, 50 cents. For 
 conveying children between five and 
 fourteen years of age, half the above 
 price is charged for like distances; 
 but for children under five years of 
 age no charge is made— provided 
 that the distance from any railroad 
 depot, steamboat landing, or hotel 
 to any other railroad depot, steamboat 
 landing, or hotel, is in all cases estima- 
 ted as not exceeding one mile. For the 
 use by day of any hackney coach 
 or other vehicle drawn by two horses 
 or other animals, with one or more 
 passengers, per day, $ 8. For the 
 use of any such carriage or vehicle 
 by the hour, with one or more 
 passengers, with the privilege of 
 going from place to place, and 
 stopping as often as may be required. 
 
 J 
 
 as follows : For the first hour, $ 2 ; 
 for each additional hour or part of 
 an hour, $ 1. Every passenger is 
 allowed to convey upon such vehicle, 
 without charge, his ordinary traveling 
 baggage, not exceeding in any case 
 one trunk and twenty-five pounds of 
 other baggage. For every additional 
 package, where te whole weight of 
 baggage is over one hundred pounds, 
 if conveyed to any place within the 
 city limits, the owner or driver is 
 permitted to charge 15 cents. 
 
 Omnibus and Baggage Transfer 
 Rates. Omnibuses run between all 
 the depots and to all the principal 
 hotels, connecting with all passenger 
 trains. The rate of fare to or from 
 any depot or hotel is 50 cents, 
 payable in exchange for a ticket to 
 the agent on the train or to the 
 collector in the vehicle. The price 
 charged by the same company 
 (Parmelee's) for transferring baggage 
 to or from any train, and to or from 
 any place within the city limits, is 
 50 cents for the first piece and 25 
 cents for each piece additional. 
 
 Rates of Fare for Hansom Cabs 
 and Other One-horse Vehicles. The 
 price or rates of fare for cabs or 
 other vehicles drawn by one horse 
 or other animal for the conveyance 
 of passengers for hire, is not more 
 than as follows. One mile, or frac- 
 tion thereof, for each passenger for 
 the first mile, 5o cents. One mile, 
 or fraction thereof, for any distance 
 after first mile, for one or more 
 passengers, 25 cents. For the first 
 hour, 75 cents. For each quarter- 
 hour additional after first hour, 
 20 cents. For service outside of city 
 limits and in the parks, for the first 
 hour, $ 1. For each quarter-hour 
 additional after the first hour, 
 25 cents. The provision regarding 
 amount of baggage allowed free, 
 and rates of charge for excess, is 
 the same as in the Hack Ordinance. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 We may recommend "the Well- 
 ington" as a strictly first class 
 European Hotel, corner Wabash 
 Avenue and Jackson Street in the 
 heart of the city ; this Hotel is noted 
 for its fine cuisine. Rooms % 2,00 
 upward. 
 05 8' 
 
Furnished Rooms. Private lod- 
 gings or "furnished rooms", as the 
 Chicago phrase goes, are preferred 
 to a hotel by many persons, and in 
 some respects are to be recommended. 
 A list of advertisements is to be 
 found in any of the daily papers, 
 while an advertisement inserted by 
 any visitor will produce a host of 
 replies, from which selection can be 
 made after inspection and discussion 
 of terms. This is by far the best 
 method to pursue in this respect. 
 
 Boarding Houses. These are to 
 be obtained in the same manner as 
 furnished rooms. The prices vary 
 from $ 6 for the cheapest to six 
 times that amoimt per week, accord- 
 
 ing to location, cuisine, anl accom- 
 modatious. 
 
 Baths. At every hotel, and in all 
 of the larger barber shops in Chicago, 
 a bath may be obtained, either hot, 
 cold, or shower, with soap and 
 towels, uniforrii price 25 cents. 
 Russian and Turkish baths are 
 numerous, the principal ones being 
 at the Palmer House, Monroe and 
 State streets; Grand Pacific Hotel, 
 Clark and Jackson streets; McCoy's 
 Hotel, Clark and Van Buren streets; 
 and Hotel Brevoort, 143-145 Madison 
 Street. 
 
 Restaurants. Few cities are better 
 supplied with restaurants and eating 
 houses of every description than 
 
 The Wellington. 
 
 A slrictly First Class European Hotel. Hoteii for its Golsine. 
 
 Every modern Improvement. 
 
 Situated on the Boulevard System. Connecting all the Parks 
 and within four to six blocks of the Retail Centre, Theatres etc. etc. 
 Rates from Doll. 1,00 upwards. 65 
 
 JACKSON BOULEVARD and WABASH AVENUE. 
 
 Only half block from Adams Elevated R. R, Station. 
 ♦♦.^♦♦CHICAGO****** 
 
 Jllbert §. Gage, President. Qage Jiotel eompanij. 
 
 Chicago. They " are to be found in 
 every street and vary from the 
 excellence of cuisine to be found at 
 the Wellington to the 5 cent 
 "beaneries". Besides the restaurants 
 of the principal hotels, we may name 
 a few other places: 
 
 Bismarck Hotel and Restaurant. 
 Randolph Street Vs block west of the 
 City Hall; no traveler should miss 
 visiting the splendidly decorated 
 restaurant, the rendez-vous ol 
 Chicago's prominent society. The 
 place is built like a German beer- 
 palace, the cooking is excellent, 
 special reputation for imported beers 
 and wines. It can safely be recom- 
 
 mended as one of the best restaurants 
 in the United States. 
 
 Cheaper places but well recom- 
 mended are Friedrich's Restaurant, 
 415 N. Clark Street and 1357 Clark 
 Street. 
 
 The Viaduct, 28 Dearborn Avenue. 
 
 Hubert Bros., Ill Madison Street, 
 good German cooking. 
 
 Ladies are not supposed to go to 
 the chop houses. Their favorite 
 luncheon places, when shopping, are 
 at the magnificent restaurants pro- 
 vided in the large stores. Especially 
 favored by the fair sex are Uie 
 restaurants provided in large dcivart- 
 
 106 
 
ment stores, such as Marshall Field 
 & Co.'s, Mandel's, Carson Pirie's, 
 The Fair, and Siegel, Cooper & Co.'s. 
 Man}'- restaurants specially reserve 
 seats for ladies, and. so announce on 
 signs at their doors. 
 
 Bars: Among the many barrooms, 
 which are to be found, in every 
 Street by scores, we may call the 
 attention of the traveler to Otto 
 Baumgarth's Saloon 1155 Lincoln 
 Avenue, corner School Street. Jos. 
 Scheubert, 551 S. Halsted Street, 
 Importer of Rhine and Mosel wines; 
 good German cooking. 
 
 Druggists : There is a pharmacy 
 in nearly every block. The Pharmacy 
 of Mr. R. E. Rhode, dispensing 
 chemist at 504= North Clark Street is 
 highly recommendable for trust- 
 worthy and quick service. 
 
 BookseltirsandStaHoners: A very 
 reliable house is the one of Koelling 
 &Klappenbach 100 and 102 Randolph 
 Street. 
 
 For lovers of the weed we recom- 
 mend Max Blumenthal, manufac- 
 turer of high grade Havanna Cigars, 
 94 Dearborn Street, special brand: 
 Flor de Bismarck. 
 
 Banks and Bankers: There are 
 many good banks and bankers in 
 Chicago. A commission house of 
 high standing is the firm of Walker 
 & Co., 21 Pacifie Avenue. 
 
 Foreign Consuls in Chicago: Fol- 
 lowing a list of the various consuls 
 located in the City, useful in many ^ 
 respects to tourists: 
 Argentine Republic, P. S. Hudson, 
 
 l34 Vanburen. 
 Austria-Hungary, Dr. F. Freiesleben 
 
 1637 Michigan av. 
 
 DEUTSCHE APOTHEKE 
 
 504 NORTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO. 
 
 70 
 
 Belgium, CharlesHenrotinlOSLasalle. 
 
 Denmark, Andrew Peterson: La Fay- 
 ette Bldg. 
 
 France, Eugene Thiebaut, Consul, 
 59 Clark; J. Gabriel Vieilhomme, 
 Chancellor. 
 
 German Empire, Karl Biinz, Schillei 
 Building. 
 
 Great Britain, A. G. Vamittai-t. 
 Consul, Pullmann Bldg. 
 
 Italy, Count Anthony L. Rowadowski, 
 Consul. 
 
 Mexico, Felipe Berriozabal, Jr., Con- 
 sul, 4009 Drerel Blod. 
 
 Netherlands, Geo. Birkhoff, Jr. Con- 
 sul, 85 Washington Street. 
 
 Rnssia, Baron A. A. Schlippenbach, 
 56,5* ave. 
 
 Sweden andNorwayJohnR.Lindgren, 
 Vice Consul, Lasalle corner Lake. 
 
 Switzerland, A. Hohnger, Consul, 
 105 Washington. 
 
 Turkey, Charles Henrotin, Consul, 
 108 Lasalle. 
 
 Spain, T. Gimenez, Consul, Rendfost 
 Hotel. 
 
 SOME GENERAL FACTS CON- 
 CERNING THE CITY OF CHICAGO: 
 
 Chicago is situated on the sout- 
 west shore of Lake Michigan in 
 latitude 41», 53', 6,2" N. and longitude 
 87", 80', 1,2". being 911 miles from 
 New York and 2,417 miles from the 
 Pacific Ocean. 
 
 The city has a lake frontage of 
 about twenty miles. Its mean eleva- 
 tion is 25 feet above Lake Michigan 
 and 582 feet above mean sea level. 
 But sixty years old, it is, in point of 
 population, the second city of the 
 United States and has the title of 
 "The Phoenix City of the West", 
 "The Garden City" "TheWindy City". 
 
 From the lake, at Water Street, the 
 Chicago River extends west about 
 a half a mile to Canal Street, where 
 
 107 
 
it divides into two branches, one 
 extending in a northwesterly direction 
 through that portion of the city, and 
 the other southward, for about a 
 mile and a half, to Fourteenth Street, 
 where it makes a sweep to the west- 
 ward as far as Bridgeport, among 
 the lumber yard.s. Here it again 
 divides into two unimportant sec- 
 ondary branches (reachmg one west 
 and one south), and empties itself 
 into the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
 through which it is united with the 
 Des Plaines River. 
 
 Thus, the main stem of the Chic2igo 
 River divides the eastern portion of 
 the city into two parts, one of which 
 is known as the "South Side," and 
 the other as the "North Side." These 
 two branches, again, separate the 
 
 North and South sides from the 
 "West Side, "all that portion of the 
 city lying west of these branches 
 bemg known by this title. Communica- 
 tion between the different portions 
 is kept up by means of fifty-three 
 swing bridges, situated at the more 
 important street crossings, and these 
 are further supplemented by three 
 tunnels, one connecting the South 
 with the West Side, at Washington 
 Street; the second forming a similar 
 link between the North and South 
 sides, at La Salle Street; and the 
 third is located at Van Buren Street. 
 
 History of Chicago: In 1801, a 
 swamp; in 1811, a small military 
 post, soon to be abandoned, and to 
 be the scene of a terrible Indian 
 massacre ; in 1821, again an insignif- 
 
 C9 
 
 en 
 
 E 6 ^OESSLEI^, Mahaqbi*. 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 icant military station; in ISbi, a 
 village of twelve houses, without 
 mail routes, post roads, or postoffice; 
 in 1841, an incorporated city, with 
 5,752 inhabitants, and an export trade 
 amounting to $ 328,635; in 1851, 
 rapidly assuming commercial impor- 
 tance; on the eve of possessing 
 raUway communication with New 
 York; its grain shipments increased 
 to 4,646,831 bushels; its population 
 numbering 34,437; in 1861, its grain, 
 pork, and lumber interests are enor- 
 mously developed, its population 
 almost quadrupled, and its shipments 
 of breadstuffs increased ten-fold 
 within a single decade ; in Octoberl871 
 almost swept out of existence, only 
 to rise triumphantly from its ashes 
 as the "Phoenix City", a monument 
 
 of indomitable spirit and energy. In 
 1893 the city of the worlds fair. 
 
 To day the greatest railroad center, 
 live-stock market, and primaiy grain 
 port in the world; the scene of the 
 ceaseless activities of over a million 
 and three quarters of eager, restless 
 toilers, attracted by its fame from 
 far and near, and to-day still advanc- 
 ing, with rapid strides in everything 
 that distinguishes a greatmetropolitan 
 city. Such, in brief, is the history 
 of Chicago. 
 
 The area of the City is 181,5 square 
 miles. It is 24 miles long and 
 10 miles wide. 
 
 The climate is healthful and invig- 
 orating, cdthough the winters are 
 cold and the temperature in summer 
 is liable to great and sudden changes. 
 
 108 
 
The popTilation of Chicago accor- 
 ding to the census of 1890 was 
 1,099,850. In 1893 .the population 
 was estimated at 1,450,000. In 1897 
 1,815,000 inhabitants, about one third 
 of the population speaks German. 
 
 The ■municipality of Chicago is 
 housed in a magnificent twin buil- 
 ding, the largest and most imposing 
 of the public edifices of Chicago. It 
 occupies an entire square bounded 
 east by Clark, west by Lasalle, north 
 by Randolph and south by Wash- 
 ington Streets, The length of each 
 of the two facades is 340 feet, the 
 width of the entire building 280 feet, 
 and its height from the ground line 
 124 feet. 
 
 The interiors of the two buildings 
 differ somewhat in arrangement, the 
 City Hall being finished in white oak 
 and much coloring, while the interior 
 of the County Building is plain 
 but rich. 
 
 PRISONS. 
 
 The Criminal Couri and Jail is 
 located on Dearborn Avenue, Mich- 
 igan, and Illinois streets. The jail 
 contains 300 cells. It may be visited 
 at the same time as the North Side 
 Water Works and Lincoln Park. 
 Visiting days, Tuesday and Friday. 
 
 The Bridewell, or House of Correc- 
 tion is located at South California 
 Avenue, near West Twenty -thii'd 
 Street, and is reached by Blue Island 
 Avenue cars. 
 
 The States Prison, orPenitentiary , 
 for the detention of criminals sen- 
 tenced, for more serious offenses, 
 to longer terms of imprisonment, 
 is situated at Joliet, forty miles 
 distant from the city, and is reached 
 by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
 Railway. Depot, Van Buren and 
 Sherman streets. Round trip, $ 1. 
 
 Prisoners awaiting trial before 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF HIGHGRADE CIGARS. 
 SPECIAL BRAND: THE CELEBRATED FLOR DB BISMARCK. 
 14 FULLERTON BLOCK. CHICAGO. 94 DEARBORN STREET, es 
 
 justices for petty offenses are con- 
 fined at the various police courts or 
 stations. 
 
 Patrol Service. There are thirty- 
 five police stations, including the 
 Central Detail at the City Hall, 
 and the officers patrolling streets 
 have frequently to report to their 
 respective stations by means of 
 telephones placed in the 675 patrol 
 boxes, being able to summon a patrol 
 wagon, ambulance, or fire engines 
 bjr the same method. There are 
 thirty-nine patrol wagons and 179 
 horses in the service. 
 
 The Police Headquarters and the 
 Detective Bureau are situated on the 
 .first floor and in the basement of 
 the City Hall. Number of detectives, 
 about fifty. The Central Detail are 
 
 gicked men, averaging six feet in 
 eight, and do day patrol duty at 
 bridges, crossings, and depots in the 
 heart of the city. 
 
 Drainage. Chicago deriving its 
 water supply from Lake Michigan, 
 
 the disposal of the drainage 
 of the city was a serious 
 and perplexing problem until, by a 
 triumph of engineering skill, the 
 current of the Chicago River was 
 reversed, and the stream made to 
 run out of Lake Michigan into the 
 Illinois and Michigan Canal, and 
 thence trough the Illinois River to 
 the Mississippi. The drainage system 
 is very thorough. There are over 
 888 miles of sewer, with more than 
 30,468 catch basins and 33,726 man- 
 hole openings. Engineers are always 
 busy with plans for improving the 
 sewerage. 
 
 The Water Supply. — Foremost 
 among the public works of Chicago 
 is the costly and unique contrivance 
 by which it draws its supply of 
 water from the lake. Two miles 
 from the shore there is fixed a very 
 substantial structure, known, for the 
 want of a better name, as the "Crib," 
 within which is an iron cylinder, 
 aine feet in diameter, going down 
 
 109 
 
thirty-one feet below the bottom of 
 the lake and connecting with two 
 distinct tunnels, leading to separate 
 pumping works on shore. The first 
 tunnel constructed, communicating 
 with the pumping works at the foot 
 of Chicago Avenue, is five feet in 
 diameter; this was commenced 
 March 17, 1864, and finished March 
 25, 1867, costing $457,844.95. The 
 second tunnel conveying water to 
 the West Side Works, at the corner 
 of Blue Island Avenue and Twenty- 
 second Street, is seven feet in 
 diameter and six miles in length. 
 At the shore end of each tunnel the 
 water is forced by enormous engines 
 throngh the city. The total outlay 
 for the entire system was about 
 $ 17,000,000. There are over 1,346 
 miles of main and distributing pipes, 
 and the dailj'- capacity of all the 
 plants is 250,000,000 gallons. 
 The North Side Works may be 
 
 visited at the same time as Lincoln 
 Park and the Lake Shore Drive. 
 The tower (175 feet) affords one of 
 the finest views of the city and 
 harbor. Its ascent is safe and easy. 
 The key can be obtained from the 
 engineer. 
 
 The West Side Works are in the 
 lumber district. They may be reached 
 by the Blue Island Avenue cars 
 from Madison Street. 
 
 A new tunnel runs from the foot 
 of Peck Court, eight feet in diameter, 
 21,441 feet (four miles) out into the 
 lake, connecting there in 45 feet of 
 water with a new ci^ib. The 
 capacity of the new tunnel is 
 130,000,000 gallons daily. 
 
 Steamers and sailing yachts ply 
 to the crib and breakwater, in the 
 summer months (round trip 25 cents), 
 from the Lake Front at the foot of 
 Van Buren Street. 
 
 JOS. SCHEUBERT, Restaurant and Saloon. 
 
 551, S. HALSTED STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 IMPORTER of Rhine and Mosel Whines. 
 
 MEALS SERVED. 
 
 72 
 
 GERMAN COOKING. 
 
 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES: 
 
 Elevated Railways: The projects 
 afoot to provide "L" roads for all 
 parts of the city are not yet completely 
 realised. One line runs south from 
 Congress Street between Wabash 
 Avenue and State Street. Other 
 Branches are from Lake Street to the 
 South Branch between Canal and 
 Morgan Street, thence across the 
 river and to the city line between 
 Wentworth and Western Avenues : 
 Another branch between Thirty Ninth 
 and Forty Seventh streets, east to 
 Lake Avenue and another west to 
 Western Ave. A third runs east to 
 Stony Island Avenue, between Sixty 
 Seventh and Seventy First Streets 
 Cable, electric and horse cars run 
 through all the principal thorough- 
 fares of the City. 
 
 Postoffice : is tempcJrarily situated 
 on Michigan Avenue between Wash- 
 
 ington & Madison. A new Post- 
 office and Federal Building is now 
 being erected in the heart of the 
 business center occupying the entire 
 block bounded by Adams, Clark, 
 Jackson and Dearborn streets. 
 
 Telegraph, Telephone and mes- 
 senger service is the same as in 
 other cities of the Republic. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 Theatres, Etc. — There are thirty- 
 two-first-class theatres and places ol 
 amusement in Chicago, with an 
 estimated gross attendance daily of 
 from 20,000 to 25,000 persons, so 
 that the public enjoy a continual 
 round of high-class entertainment. 
 The Auditorium, Coltunbia, Hooley's, 
 McVicker's, Schiller, Alhambra. 
 Havlin's, and the Haymarket theatres, 
 the Grand and Chicago Opera Houses, 
 the Academy of Music and Standard 
 
 110 
 
stand in the front rank. Concerts 
 Eind lectures are given in the Central 
 Music Hall, a large and handsome 
 building on the corner of State and 
 Randolph streets, the Madison Street 
 Theatre, 83 Madison Street, and 
 elsewhere; and on the North Side, 
 the Windsor and Jacobs' Clark Street 
 Theatre are popular houses. Fol- 
 lowing is a brief list: 
 Auditorium, Wabash Avenue and 
 
 Congress Street. 
 Academy of Music, Halsted Street. 
 
 near Madison Street. 
 Alhambra Theatre, State Street and 
 
 Archer Avenue. 
 Arcade Theatre, Arcade Bldg. 
 Bijou Theatre, 109 S. Halsted. 
 Calumet Theatre, 9206 S. Chicago. 
 Central Music Hall, State Street, cor 
 
 Randolph Street. 
 Chicago Opera House, Washingtor 
 
 Street, S. W. cor. Clark Street. 
 Columbia Theatre, 108 and llC 
 
 Monroe Street. 
 Criterion Theatre, 274 Sedgwict 
 
 Street. 
 Grand Opera House, 87 Clark Street 
 Great Northern Theatre, 81 Jacksons' 
 Havlin's Theatre, Wabash Avenue 
 
 and Nineteenth Street. 
 Haymarket Theatre, W. Madison 
 
 Street, east of Halsted Street. 
 Hooley's Theatre, 149 Randolph 
 
 Street. 
 Lyceum Theatre, 54 Desplaines Street. 
 Masonic Temple Roof Garden 1627 
 
 Masonic Temple. 
 McVicker's Theatre, 82Madison Street. 
 Olympic Theatre, 46 Clark Street. 
 Pmlmann Arcade Theatre, Arcade 
 
 Bldg. 
 Schiller Theatre, 103 Randolph Street. 
 Van Buren, Opera House 1249 
 
 W. Madison. 
 Windsor Theatre, 468 N. Clark Street. 
 
 General Remarks: Prices. The 
 prices usual at the Chicago theatres 
 are about % 1,50 for the orchestra or 
 best balcony seats, 50 cents admission 
 without seat reserved, and 25 cents 
 for the upper circles. At some of the 
 "popular" houses the prices vary, 
 running down as low as 10 cents ad- 
 mission, and 50 cents for reserved 
 orchestra chairs. 
 
 Theater Tickets are to be obtained 
 in most of the principal hotels as well 
 as at the box offices. 
 
 The Chicago Auditorium. This 
 magnificent structure occupies nearly 
 an entire square, having frontages of 
 187 feet on Michigan Avenue, 361 
 feet on Congress Street, and 161 feet 
 on Wabash Avenue. It is a colossal 
 structure of granite and brick, 
 comprising ten stories. The height 
 of the main building is 144 feet; of 
 the large square tower on the 
 Congress Street front, 225 feet, the 
 lateral dimensions of this tower 
 being 40 x 71 feet; fine view over 
 the city. The Auditorium, which was 
 designed to accommodate conventions 
 and similar gatherings, contains 5,000 
 seats, and has a total capacity for 
 8,000. It is fire-proof, has a stone 
 frontage of 709 feet, and cost about 
 % 2,000,000. 
 
 Vaudeville Entertainments of any 
 especial merit in Chicago are, like 
 "black swans", rare, the Masonic 
 Temple Roof Garden being about the 
 best. To those of cosmopolitan taste, 
 who desire beer and tobacco, and do 
 not draw the line at abbreviated dress, 
 an infinite number of houses is open. 
 As to the rest, "dive" is the only 
 correct definition of dozens, and 
 Chicago's "dives" will be well avoided 
 by any strangers. 
 
 MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Several musical societies in Chicago, 
 among others the ApoUo Club, have " 
 annual, ore more frequent, concerts, 
 which are noticeable events. The 
 columns of the daity newspapers, as 
 a rule, will give ample notification 
 of those open to the public. The 
 famous Thomas concerts are given 
 in the Auditorium. During the 
 Summer there are evening concerts 
 in the Bismarck Garden, and in the 
 Winter, Sunday afternoon concerts 
 at the north side Turner Hall, both 
 under the direction of Mr. Carl Bunge. 
 
 LECTURES. 
 
 Lectures on various topical or 
 national questions are frequently 
 oiven during the winter months in 
 the Auditorium or other halls. Full 
 notification is always to be found in 
 the columns of the local press. 
 
 Ill 
 
MUSEUMS AND EXHIBITIONS. 
 
 Libby Prison Museum, Wabash 
 Avenue and Fifteenth Street — the 
 palace prison of the South — built 
 in 1845, of imported brick, and used 
 as a tobacco warehouse; taken by 
 the Confederates for a prison in 1861, 
 and in which during the war more 
 than 12,000 Union soldiers were 
 confined, is well worth a visit. 
 Purchased by Chicago capitalists in 
 1889 and removed to this city and 
 opened as a National War Museum, 
 filled with many thousands of 
 important and valuable relics of the 
 late civil war. 
 
 The Battle of Gettysburg- Panoratna 
 is situated at the corner of Hubbard 
 Court and Wabash Avenue, and 
 presents a realistic picture of this 
 terrible conflict of the Civil War. 
 
 Opposite it is the Panorama of 
 Jerusalem on the day of the crucifi- 
 xion. 
 
 Dime Museums: To those desirous 
 of such delights, Kohl & Middleton's, 
 at 146 Clark Street, their South State 
 Street Museum, and Epstean's Dime 
 Museum on Randolph Street, near 
 Clark, will be found interesting and 
 attractive. 
 
 The Circus. Repeated visits to 
 Chicago are paid by those delights 
 of the small boy, the various circuses. 
 
 Balls and Dancing. The magnificent 
 hall of the Auditorium and other 
 suitable places are frecjuently filled 
 in the winter season with the youth, 
 beauty, and wealth of Chicago wor- 
 shiping at the Terpsichorean shrine, 
 the Annual Charity Ball being a 
 galaxy of beauty, manliness, and 
 wealth. 
 
 111 MADISON STREET, 
 Anerkannt beste deutsche Kiiche. 
 
 and BUFFET'. 
 
 Bet. Dearborn & Clark. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 62 
 
 SPORTS. 
 
 Washington Park Club, situated 
 at South Park Avenue and Sixty-first 
 Street, is the most aristocratic club, 
 and has one of the most modern and 
 excellently arranged tracks in the 
 country. It is reached by the Illinois 
 Central Railroad or by the State 
 Street and Cottage Grove cable car 
 lines. The Washington Park Derby 
 Day in June or July, opening the 
 summer season, is a great Chicago 
 event. Then the Michigan Avenue 
 Boulevard is a blaze of color from 
 the toilettes in the long procession 
 of carriages, while the track is 
 picturesque to a degree with the 
 presence of carriages of every species 
 and visitors of every kind. 
 
 Garfield Park Club, situated a few 
 hundred yards west of Garfield Park, 
 and reached by the Madison Street 
 cable cars and the Wisconsin Central 
 Railroad, is a regular racing asso- 
 ciation, duly incorporated as a stock 
 company under the laws of the State 
 of Illinois. 
 
 The Hawthorne Track is situated 
 in the town of Cicero, just beyond 
 the city limits, and 7^2 miles from 
 the court house. It is reached bj 
 the Freeport branch of the Illinois 
 Central Railroad , the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy, and the 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. 
 
 The Indiana Racing Association, 
 at 108 th Street and Indiana Boule- 
 vard, is reached by the Pennsylvania 
 R. R., from the Union Depot. Races 
 are run regularly and without 
 cessation. 
 
 Turfmen's Resorts. — The leading 
 turftnen of Chicago when in town 
 make the Wellington Hotel bar, 
 Chapin & Gore's, 73 and 75 Monroe 
 Street, and Harry Varnell's, 119 Clark 
 Street, their down-town headquarters, 
 and may there be found bj those 
 interested in "the sport of kings." 
 
 Yacht Clubs are numerous along 
 the Lake Front, the Chicago Yacht 
 Club and Lincoln Park Yacht Club 
 being the two principal. Sailing 
 yachts can be hired on suitable days 
 on the Lake Front, at the foot of 
 
 112 
 
Congress Street, while the services 
 of a steamboat for any extended 
 excursion can speedily be procured 
 by application to the various trans- 
 portation companies, or advertisement 
 in the local papers. The charge for 
 sailing yachts is about $10 to $20 
 for a whole day for a party, while 
 25 cents each person per hour's sail 
 is the usual rate for lesser periods; 
 but it is best "to agree with thine 
 adversary (the boatman) quickly, 
 whilst tnou art (on the shore) with 
 him," and for obvious reasons. 
 
 Rowing and Canoeing. — Lake 
 Michigan, the harbor, and the many 
 lakes and ornamental waters in the 
 parks are excellent localities for the 
 pastimes of those fond of aquatic 
 sports. Visitors will do well to keep 
 within the harbor in small rowing 
 boats, as Lake Michigem squalls are 
 proverbially severe. 
 
 ATHLETICS. 
 
 Athletic sports of every kind find 
 numerous enthusiastic votaries among 
 the thousands of Chicago youths. 
 Gymnasia, such as those of the 
 Y. M. C. A. Atheneeum and Chicago 
 Athletic Association, are replete with 
 every imaginable apparatus for 
 muscular exercise. 
 
 Baseball. — There are some 400 
 organized baseball clubs in Chicago, 
 and consequently little lack for 
 amusement for spectators of the 
 national game. In the season the 
 principal games of the National 
 Baseball League are played on the 
 Chicago Baseball Club's grounds at 
 the corner of Lincoln and Word 
 streets. 
 
 Cricket. — The Chicago Cricket 
 Club at Parkside, 167th Street 
 (Illinois Central Reiilroad), and the 
 Pullmann Cricket Club are the 
 leading exponents of the British 
 national game. 
 
 Bicycling and Tricycling. — Chicago 
 possesses numerous bicycle clubs, 
 the parks and boulevards affording 
 such excellent roadways for the use 
 of the speedy wheel. The annual 
 Toad race to Pullmann on Decoration 
 Day and the Chinese Lantern Parade 
 of clubs make interesting features 
 of the sport. 
 
 THE BUSINESS DISTRICT. 
 
 The shopping district of Chicago, 
 par excellence, is the quadrangle 
 formed by Wabash Avenue, Wash- 
 ington Street, Dearborn and Congress 
 Streets, the "ladies' half mile" being 
 essentially on State Street from 
 Randolph to Congress Streets. 
 
 The great feature of shopping in 
 Chicago is the preveilence of huge 
 bazaars, where every sort of thing 
 is sold that a woman would want to 
 buy for herself, for her family, or 
 for her house. Marshall Field & Co., 
 State and WashingtonStreets ; Carson, 
 Pirie, Scott & Co. : J. H.Walker & Co., 
 Wabash Avenue and Adams Street; 
 Mandel Brothers, 117-123 State 
 Street, and other merchants keep 
 the greatest possible variety of dry 
 g-oods and fancy articles; but Siegel, 
 Cooper & Co., State and Van Buren 
 Streets; The Ffiir, State and Adams 
 Streets; and others are immense 
 bazaars rather than a single establish- 
 ment — a federation of separate special 
 salesrooms under the same roof and 
 subjected to common regulations for 
 mutual benefit rather than one store 
 divided into departments; as at 
 Wanamaker's, in Philadelphia, for 
 example. Here the visitor will find 
 telegraph and telephone offices, a 
 place to leave parcels on payment 
 of 10 cents, retiring rooms, an 
 inmiense luncheon room with mod- 
 erate prices, and a detective system 
 which guards the customer from 
 pickpockets, while it protects the firm 
 from thieving. 
 
 Continuous Hnes of stores extend 
 along State Street from Congress to 
 Randolph streets, and between them 
 is probably the busiest shopping 
 district in the city. The crossing of 
 State and Madison streets may be 
 termed the vortex of retail trade. 
 
 WHERE TO BUY. 
 
 Art Works and Pictures are 
 mainly to be seen on Wabash Avenue, 
 below Van Buren Street. Abbott's, 
 50 Madison Street, and O'Brien's, 
 208 Wabash Avenue, are represen- 
 tative houses. Painters^ materials 
 may be bought on State Street at 
 several stores in the retail center, 
 and at Abbott's, 
 
 113 
 
Books are in tae saiui^ district, 
 and may ' be found at Koelling & 
 Klappenbach 100 a 102 Randolph 
 Street, Brentano's, 204 Wabash 
 Avenue; A. C. McClurg & Co., 
 Wabash Avenue £ind Madison Street; 
 Chas. McDonald, 55 Washington 
 Street; C. W. Curry 181 Madison 
 Street, and many other stores. 
 
 Canary birds and pet animals are 
 numerous at Kaempfer's, 169 Madison 
 Street. For carpets go to Marshall 
 Field & Co., Mandel's, and A. H. 
 Revell & Co., Adams Street and 
 Wabash Avenue, and to the great 
 dry-goods and furniture stores. For 
 china, p^lass, and similar ware, 
 Burley & Co., 77 State Street, and 
 Pitkin & Brooks, 58 Lake Street, 
 and the generally various department 
 stores. Clothing stores and tailors 
 are scattered everywhere. Chinese 
 
 wares can be found on Clark Street, 
 and Japanese, at Hayes & Tracey, 
 220 Wabash Avenue. Dressmakers 
 are scattered over the town, the 
 leading department stores having 
 dressmaking departments, the ex- 
 clusive and correspondingly high- 
 priced modistes being, as a rule, 
 located on Michigan Avenue, between 
 Congi^ess and Sixteenth Streets. 
 Redtem, the well-known English 
 ladies' tailor, is located at 1702 
 Michigan Avenue. The wholesale 
 dry-goods district is practically 
 represented by Fifth Avenue and 
 Market Street. 
 
 Drug stores are everywhere, emd 
 are always conspicuous. The whole- 
 sale tabacco, oil, and metal trades 
 are to be found mainly on Wabash 
 Avenue and Lake Street, while the 
 wholesale grocers congregate on 
 
 15 Ball Pool 
 
 Fine Bottled Goods a Specialty. 
 
 Otto Bammgafth 
 Saloon and Sample Room 
 
 58 1155 LINCOLN AVENUE 
 
 Corner School Street, CHICAGO. 
 
 River, Water, and Lake Streets. 
 Fishing-tackle and sportsmen's outfits 
 may be obtained at A. G. Spaulding & 
 Bros., 108 Madison Street; Von 
 Lengerke & Antoine, 246 Wabash 
 Avenue, and several other stores 
 along State Street and Wabash 
 Avenue. For fire-artns go to Henry 
 Sears Company, 110 Wabash Avenue, 
 or Thorsen & Cassady, 60 Wabash 
 Avenue. For jewelry, silverware, 
 watches, and all such goods, visit 
 such establishments as J. B. Chambers 
 &_Co., Madison and Clark streets; 
 Giles Bros,, Masonic Temple; 
 Peacock's, Randolph and State streets, 
 and Spaulding's, corner Jackson and 
 State streets. Implements for lawn 
 tennis, base-ball, and all out-door 
 games and sports can be had at 
 stores dealing in sportsmen's goods, 
 while lumber is stacked in mountain 
 piles in the lumber districts of the 
 
 city. Leather at wholesale is to be 
 found principally on Konzie Street. 
 For millinery of the highest kind go 
 to the retail shopping center; such 
 stores as Marshall Field & Co., 
 MandelBros.,LouiseetCie, 48 Monroe, 
 Street, will supply every feminine 
 fancy. Musical instruments are 
 purchased at Lyon & Healy's, corner 
 State and Monroe streets, and other 
 music stores, chiefly congregated on 
 Wabash Avenue. For notions and 
 fancy goods, search State Street from 
 Randolph to Van Buren, With the 
 cross streets, and you will not search 
 in vain. Optical instruments are to 
 be found in endless variety at 
 L. Manasse, 88 Madison Street and 
 the Mackintosh Battery & Optical Co., 
 143 Wabash Avenue. Paper and 
 stationery are to be found in great 
 variety at A. C. McClurg & Co.'s, 
 corner Wabash Avenue and Madison 
 
 114 
 
Sh-eet; Breatano's, 204 Wabash 
 Avenue; Dunwell & Ford's, 155 
 Wabash Avenue, and the various 
 department stores. Maps and guides 
 can be bought at Rand, McNally & 
 Co.'s, 166 to 174 Adams Street. 
 Pawnbrokers and junk shops abound 
 on Clark and State streets, but they 
 are scattered all over the poorer 
 parts of the city. Pottery wares 
 of all kinds, and especially imported 
 ceramic goods, are to be found at 
 retail ia the principal department 
 stores in the shopping center. For 
 pipes, amber, and smokers' articles 
 go to Hoffmann, 185 Madison Street. 
 Toys are best bought at E. F. 
 Schwarz & Bros., 231 State Street, 
 and in the department stores. 
 
 PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. 
 
 The parks and driveways aggregate 
 
 3,290 acres and the boulevards have 
 
 more than 100 miles of total length. 
 
 The following parks are situated 
 
 within the city limits: 
 
 Aldine Square, 
 
 Campbell Park, 
 
 Congress Park, 
 
 Dearborn Park, 
 
 Douglas Park, 
 
 Douglas Monimient Sq., 
 
 ElHs Park, 
 
 Gage Park, 
 
 Garfield Park, 
 
 Green Bay Park, 
 
 Groveland Park 
 
 Holstein Park 
 
 Humboldt Park, 
 
 Jackson Park, 
 
 Jefferson Park, 
 
 Lake Front Park, 
 
 Lincoln Park, 
 
 Logan Square, 
 
 Midway Plaisance, 
 
 Oak Park, 
 
 Shedd's Park, 
 
 Union Park, 
 
 Union Square, 
 
 Vernon Park, 
 
 Washington I'ark, 
 
 Washington Square, 
 
 Wicker Park, 
 
 Woodlawn Park. 
 The boulevard system is intended 
 to connect the parks by a contin- 
 uous chain of magnificent driveways 
 circling the city with a band of 
 
 excellent roads, boKTered with trees, 
 metaled to the highest excellence 
 for driving, and edged with cool 
 green lawns on either side. 
 
 The Lake Front Park, with an 
 area of forty-one acres, is a narrow 
 strip of land lying between the 
 Michigan Avenue Boulevard andLake 
 Michigan, or rather the Illinois Cen- 
 tral Railroad tracks, and bounded 
 north and south by Randolph Street 
 and Park Row, respectively. 
 
 Proceeding southward, the south 
 parks are approached by the most 
 beautiful boulevard in the city, 
 Michigan Avenue. Starting from 
 the Leland Hotel, the visitor passes 
 the Auditorium Building and the 
 Chicago Club on the right, the latter 
 at the corner of Van Buren Street. 
 On his left, the green expanse ol 
 Lake Park stretches out almost to 
 the edge of the lake, from which it 
 is separated only by the track of the 
 Illinois Central Railroad. Away out 
 are the lighthouse, the breakwaters, 
 and ciib, and the surface of the lake 
 is dotted with the white sails of 
 innumerable craft; near twelfth Street 
 is Chicago's newest monument, 
 erected in memory of General Logan. 
 The_ castellated Armory of the First 
 Regiment is seen at the comer of 
 Sixteenth Street; and on Michigan 
 and Prairie avenues, the latter two 
 blocks east, south of Sixteenth Street, 
 the domestic architecture of Chicago 
 is observed at its best. 
 
 On the north east corner of 
 Michigan Avenue and Twentieth 
 Street a magnificent house has been 
 erected for the Calumet Club. On 
 the northwest corner stands the 
 handsome edifice of the Second 
 Presbyterian Society. One block 
 east and south are the First Presbyte- 
 rian Church and the Synagogue of 
 the Sinai Congregation. Two blocks 
 west, at 2020 State Street, are the 
 headquarters of the City (Cable) 
 Railway Compan}'-, where is exerted 
 the force which propels, through many 
 miles of streets, the hundreds of 
 cable cars which the visitor sees 
 gliding rapidly along. At Twenty- 
 third Street, Immanuel (Baptist) 
 Church, on the right, and the Church 
 of the Messiah (Unitarian) on the 
 left, are passed, Near Twenty-fourth 
 
 115 
 
Street are Christ(EpiscopalReformed) 
 Church and the Moseley Grammar 
 School. Between Twenty-fifth and 
 Twenty-sixth streets, on the east side, 
 is Plymouth (Congregational) Church, 
 a fine edifice; and at southeast 
 corner of the latter, Trinity (Epis- 
 copal) Church, a neat, double- 
 turreted Gothic structure. At the 
 foot of Thirty-fifth Street Douglas 
 Monument is to be found. Having 
 pursued his way to Thirty-ninth 
 Street (Oakwood Boulevard), where 
 be enters the township of Hyde Park, 
 the visitor will proceed to Wash- 
 ington Park by Drexel Boulevard. 
 
 This magnificent drive, which is 
 200 feet wide throughout and IVi miles 
 in length, is laid out after the model 
 of the celebrated Avenue de I'lmper- 
 atrice, in Paris. Parrallel with it, 
 five blockswest, runsGrandBoidevard, 
 by which the return journey may be 
 made. An immense amount of money- 
 has been expended on the two south 
 parks, Washington and Jackson, and 
 they are delightful pleasure resorts; 
 the former, which contains one of 
 the largest unbroken lawns in the 
 world and also a fine conservatory. 
 It may be mentioned that the cable 
 railway extends from Oakwood Boule- 
 vard south to Fifty-fifth Street, along 
 which a connecting line runs east to 
 near the north end of Jackson Park. 
 Fifty-fifth Street, for 4}li miles west 
 of Washington Park, has been laid 
 out as part of the encircUng system, 
 and given the name of Garfield 
 Boulevard. 
 
 Washington and Jackson parks, 
 containing respectiveliy 371 and 
 586 acres, are connected by Midway 
 Plaisance with a superficial area of 
 another eighty acres. 
 
 Humboldt Park, 200,62 acres, with 
 a fine lake and choice flower gardens, 
 is the most northerly park on the 
 West Side. It is remarkable as the 
 most elevated of all the Chicago parks. 
 
 Lincoln Park, 250' acres — bounded 
 on the south by North Avenue, west 
 by North Clark Street, North Park 
 Avenue and Lake View Avenue — is 
 reached by the North Side cable 
 road, or by steamboat in the summer 
 months from the foot of 
 Van Buren Street It is, possibly. 
 
 the most beautiful of all the parks, 
 
 and certainly the most interestmg in 
 special features, the principal items 
 of interest being the life-size statue 
 of AbrahamLincoln and the equestrian 
 monument of Gen. U. S. Grant, over- 
 looking Lake Michigan. 
 
 The La Salle Monument, erected in 
 1889, near the lake; a group of 
 relics of the fire; the Ottawa Indian 
 Monument; a lake, and a well stocked 
 menagerie, near by, are well worth 
 inspecting. Statues of Linnaeus and 
 Frederick Von Schiller, water-lily 
 ponds, and a beautiful electric foun- 
 tain, the gift of Mr. C. T. Yerkes, 
 which is operated 8 — 9 P. M. every 
 pleasant evening in Summer, are items 
 which only require to be seen to be 
 appreciated. Ihe Lake Shore Drive 
 and the view of Lake Michigan there- 
 from deserve a visit, as well as the 
 two sphinxes at Garfield Avenue 
 entrance. 
 
 In the summer months open-air 
 musical performances are regularly 
 given on certain advertised evenings 
 m the principal parks, during suitable 
 weather. It is a sight worthy of 
 more than one visit. 
 
 Cotntnercial Buildings: The bus- 
 iness section of Chicago is crowded 
 with buildings, that are simply of 
 magnificent proportions. Clustered 
 round the Board of Trade are the 
 Rial to. Central, Phoenix, Calumet, 
 Muller and other office buildings. 
 One of the most beautifull bank 
 btiildings is the Illinois Trust and 
 Savings Bank. Within a few squares 
 is the Montauk Block and the first 
 National Bank Building; Adams 
 Express Building in Deaborn Street; 
 the gigantic Pullman Building at 
 the corner of Adams Street and 
 Michigan Avenue; the Masonic 
 Temple, corner of State and Randolph 
 streets; theMonadnockandKearsarge 
 Building, on Jackson and Van Buren 
 Streets, and the magnificent Stude- 
 backer Building, on Michigan Avenue, 
 south of Van Buren Street. These 
 structures have all been planned and 
 erected on a most generous scale. 
 The principal type of aixhitecture is 
 the Romanesque or Round - arch 
 Gothic, and the materials vary from 
 brick, terra cotta, and iron to brown 
 stone, marble, and granite. 
 
 116 
 
RELIGIOUS MISSIONS and AID 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 A great number of missionary and 
 religious societies, both unsectarian 
 and denominational, have their head- 
 quarters in this city. Some of these 
 are national in character; others 
 purely local. For a full list consult 
 the City Directory. 
 
 y. M. C. A. AND Y. W. C. A. 
 
 The Youn^Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion in Chicago is in a flourishing 
 condition, and owns a large and 
 handsome building, which, costing, 
 with the land, $ 1,400,000, is at La 
 Salle Street, between Madison and 
 Monroe streets. 
 
 The Young' Women's Christian 
 Association occupies fine quarters 
 on Michigan Avenue and devotesf 
 itself to helping in every way the'* 
 young workingwomen of the city. 
 Ladies visiting the city are welcome 
 at the rooms. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Visitors are always courteously 
 received at the public schools. The 
 Union College of Law, 80—92 Dear- 
 born street. Course of study two 
 years, fees $ 75, per year. 
 
 There are seven medical colleges. 
 Among them, the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons and the Rush Medical 
 College. 
 
 The theological colleges are the 
 Garrett Biblical Institute, atEvanston 
 belonging to the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church; theBaptistUnionTheological 
 Seminary, Morgan Park; the Chicago 
 Theological Seminary (Congrega- 
 tional), Union Park; the Presbyte- 
 rian Theological Seminary of the 
 Northwest, North Halsted Street, 
 and St. Ignatius CoUege, West 
 Twelfth Street — aU flourishing 
 institutions. 
 
 The University of Chicago on 
 Midway Plaisance consists of four 
 blocks, to which Mr. Rockefeller 
 contributed $ 2,600,000. 
 
 The Chicago Athenaeum, called the 
 People's College with fine library 
 and reading rooms. 
 
 The North Western University at 
 Evanston, eleven miles north of 
 Chicago, with an excellent Museum 
 of Natural History. 
 
 The Chicago Public Library, second 
 largest in America, 225,000 volumes, 
 on the Lake Front between Randolph 
 and Washington Streets, one of the 
 finest libraries in the world. 
 
 The Newberry Library on the 
 square bounded by Dearborn Avenue 
 and Clark Street, Oak street and 
 Walton Place is all that a reference 
 library should be. 
 
 The John Crerar Library called 
 after John Crerar who bequeathed 
 $ 2,500,000 for the building, endow- 
 ment and maintenance of a free public 
 library. It is a reference library of 
 scientific literature. 
 
 Chicago Historical Society. 
 
 Library of theUniversity ofChicago, 
 485,000 volumes. 
 
 The Chicago Law Institute Library. 
 
 The Library of the Armour Institute. 
 
 Academy of Sciences inLincolnPark. 
 
 The Field Columbian Museum, 
 with it wealth of curious specimens, 
 old manuscripts and books. 
 
 The Lewis Institute, educational 
 institution at Madison and Robey 
 Street. 
 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 The Police Monument commem- 
 orative of the anarchist riot on the 
 night of May 4, 1886, ^ on Haymarket 
 Square. 
 
 Columbus Statue in the Lake Front 
 Park. 
 
 Drake Fountain and Columbus 
 Statue between the City Hall and 
 Court House. 
 
 The U. S. Grant Equestrian 
 Momtment in Lincoln Park. 
 
 General Sheridan Statue, in 
 Union Park. 
 
 Genral Garfield Statue, in Gar- 
 field Park. 
 
 LinncBus Statue (in Lincoln Park). 
 
 Frederick Von Schiller, Monument 
 (in Lincoln Park). 
 
 La Salle Monument (in Lincoln 
 Park). 
 
 Ottawa Indian Group (in Lincoln 
 Park). 
 
 The Abraham. Lincoln Monument, 
 Lincoln Park. 
 
 117 
 
The Great Fire Inscription, 137 
 De Koven Street. On a tablet on 
 the house. "The Great Fire of 1871 
 originated here and extended to 
 Lincoln Park. Chicago Historical 
 Society, 1881." 
 
 The Douglas Monument, over the 
 body of Stephen A. Douglas. The 
 monument stands' on the Lake Shore 
 at Thirty-fifth Street. 
 
 The Fort Dearborn Inscription 
 on the warehouse of W. M. Hoyt 
 Company: "Block House of Fort 
 Dearborn. This building occupies 
 the site of old Fort Dearborn, which 
 extended a little across Michigan 
 Avenue and somewhat into the river, 
 as it now is. The fort was built in 
 1803-04, forming our outmost 
 defense." 
 
 The Armstrong Bust is at the 
 corner of Clark and Adams streets, 
 on the post office grassplat. The 
 inscription reads: "To the memory 
 of George Buchanan Armstrong, 
 Founder of the Railway Mail Service 
 in the United States. Born in Armagh 
 Ireland, October 27, A. D. 1822. 
 Died in Chicago, May 5, 1871. 
 Erected by the clerks in the service, 
 1881." 
 
 The General Logan Monument, 
 Michigan Avenue near 12 th Street. 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 The principal Hospitals are: 
 The Cook County Hospital founded 
 in 1847. It occupies two entire 
 squares being bounded north by 
 West Harrison, south by West Polk, 
 east by South Wood and West by 
 South Lincoln Streets. Contiguous 
 to it are the Rush Medical College, 
 theCollege of Physicians and Surgeons 
 Chicago, and the Chicago Homcepathic 
 College, the students of which enjoy 
 the advantages of attending its various 
 wards. These institutions may be 
 reached by the Ogden Avenue cars, 
 starting from La Salle and Madison 
 streets. 
 
 Mercy Hospital, an institution of 
 the Sisters of Mercy, is located at 
 the corner of Calumet Avenue and 
 Twenty-sixth Street, adjoining the 
 Chicago Medical College, whose 
 students have access to its wards. 
 It has accommodations forlBOpatients. 
 
 Thirty-six sisters manage it, at an 
 annual cost of $26,000, which is met 
 by voluntary contributions and the 
 money received from paying patients. 
 
 The Michael Reese Hospital is a 
 Hebrew charity, provided for by a 
 fund of $90,000 left by will of the 
 late Michael Reese. 
 
 The Presbyterian Hospital, situated 
 on the southeast corner of Congress 
 and Wood streets, can be reached 
 by the Van Buren Street, Ogden 
 Avenue, and Harrison Street cars. 
 It has a capacity of 225 beds. 
 
 The United States Marine Hospital 
 is situated in Lake View, on the 
 Lake Shore, six miles north of the 
 City Hall. The grounds comprise 
 ten acres, and the building is a 
 handsome granite structure, four 
 stories high, with a basement. It is 
 300x75 feet, and has accommodations 
 for 150 patients. 
 
 Besides: St. Josephs Hospital 
 360 Garfield Avenue. 
 
 St.Lukes'sFreeHospitaljFourteenth 
 Street, with a frontage on Indiana 
 Avenue. 
 
 St. Elizabeth's Hospital at Davis 
 and Thompson streets. 
 
 The Hospital of the Alexian Brothers 
 565 North Market Street. 
 
 The Womens's Hospital 118 Thirty- 
 fifth street. 
 
 The Bennett Medical College 
 511-513 State Streets. 
 
 The Illinois Charitable Eye & Ear 
 College West Adams and Peoria 
 Streets. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 Rosehill Cem.etery on the line of 
 the Chicago & North Western Rail- 
 way. Noticeable are the monuments 
 to "Our Heroes" and A. I. Snell. 
 
 Graceland Cemetery: near Buena 
 Park Station. There is a monument 
 to Allan Pinkerton, the celebrated 
 detective. 
 
 Calvary Cemetery : near Evans ton, 
 is the principal Roman Catholic 
 biuying ground. 
 
 Oakwoods Cemetery on the line 
 of the lUiaois Central Railroad. The 
 Borden and the Soldier's Home 
 monuments are worth inspection. 
 
 118 
 
forest Home Cemetery situated 
 beside the Des Plaines River. The 
 grounds are tastefully kept. 
 
 THE MARKETS OF THE CITY. 
 
 Meat packing is the oldest of 
 Chicago's industries. In 1896 the 
 receipts of live stock were: 7,659,452 
 hogs, 2,900,476 cattle, 138,337 calves, 
 3,590,655 sheep and 105,978 horses, 
 the total value being estimated at 
 about $ 250,000,000. The shipments 
 for the same period were about 
 2,000,000 live hogs, over 5,700,000 
 hogs were slaughtered during the year, 
 372,461 cattle, 561,239 sheep and 
 3,029,316 used for city consumption 
 and packing, 700,000,000 of dressed 
 beef, 258,000 barrels of pork, 
 500,000,000 lard, 175,000,000 of hides 
 and 54,000,000 of wool. 
 
 THE UNION STOCK YARDS. 
 
 In 3,300 pens, 1,800 covered and 
 1,500 open, provision is made for 
 handling at one time 25,000 head of 
 cattle, 14,000 sheep, andl50,000hogs. 
 The yards contaia twenty miles of 
 streets, twenty miles of water troughs, 
 fifty mUes of feeding troughs, and 
 seventy-five miles of water and 
 drainage pipes. Artesian weUs, having 
 an average depth of 1,230 feet, afford 
 Em abundant supply of water. There 
 are also eighty-seven miles of railroad 
 tracks, all the great roads having 
 acres to this vast market. The entire 
 cost was $ 4,000,000. About 1,200 
 men are employed at the Stock Yards 
 proper. In 1892, 3,571,796 cattle, 
 7,714,435 hogs, 2,145,079 sheep, 
 197,576 calves, and 96,998 horses 
 were received at the Yards in 
 309,901 cars, being of an aggregate 
 value of $ 153,836,502. 
 
 The meat-packing industry is carried 
 on in immediate proximity to the 
 Stock Yards. The extent of its 
 operations having already been stated, 
 it is only necessary to add that a 
 single business, that controlled by 
 Messrs. Armour & Co., occupies 
 seventy acres of flooring and employs 
 about 4,000 men. These Stock Yards 
 and packing houses (the former free, 
 the latter usually shown to visitors 
 I'pon appUcationl can be reached by 
 
 rail from Van Buren Street Depot 
 (trains infrequent), or by State Street 
 cable or South Halsted Street horse 
 cars. Some 18,000 to 25,000 men 
 are daily employed in the various 
 packing houses, varying according 
 to the season of the year. 
 
 Chicago , from its admirable 
 geographical situation, is the natural 
 depot for the exchange of the pro- 
 ducts and commodities of the East 
 and the West; into her elevators 
 pour the harvests from the vast 
 wheat fields of the Northwest, and 
 m her markets they are exchanged 
 for the manufactures of the East and 
 the importations from foreign coun- 
 tries — Chicago reaping the benefits 
 of exchange. 
 
 There are about thirty registered 
 grain, elevators, with an aggregate 
 capacity of 30,000,000 bushels. 
 
 The lumber district lies south oi 
 Twenty-secondstreetbetween Halsted 
 Street and Ashland Avenue. 
 
 A large place in the wealth winning 
 industries of Chicago falls to the 
 breweries, and a visit to a represen- 
 tative brewery is not alone instructive 
 to the professional brewer, but in- 
 teresting for the general public, 
 especially for the one who desires to 
 get an inside view of American 
 mdustrial enterprise. Such an exter- 
 prise is the Mc Avoy Brewing 
 Company. 
 
 The Mc Avoy Brewing Company, 
 situated at 2349 South Park Avenue, 
 is one of the most elegant structures 
 of its kind in the United States. It 
 has a frontage of 600 feet on the 
 east side of the street with 400 feet 
 on the west. The main brew house 
 is a magnificent structure, 130 X 
 65 feet and is six stories high, of 
 the best quality of terra cotta brick. 
 Their mammoth malt house attached, 
 has a capacity of 175,000 bushels. 
 They have six mammoth brick ice 
 houses, carpenter, cooper and paint 
 shops within the extensive Jirea 
 covered by this establishment. Stables 
 for 80 horses in daUy use at this place 
 are a feature in themselves. The 
 annual capacity of this brewery is 
 250,000 barrels. They have at all 
 times a reserve storage of no less 
 than 60,000 barrels on hand so that 
 orders from any part can be promptly 
 
 119 
 
filled at the shortest possible notice. 
 Their appliances for cooling beer are 
 simplv perfect, and must be seen to 
 be fully understood. Their engine 
 and engine-room will well repay a 
 visit by the curious after the modern 
 appliances now used in such an 
 extensive establishment as this. Their 
 special brands of beer are Malt, 
 Marrow, Club beer, Pilsener, Wiener, 
 Hygeia and Lager. 
 
 The officers of the Company, who 
 are at all times willing and pleased 
 to show their splendid enterprise are : 
 Charles H. Walker, President; Adam 
 Ortseifen , Vice - President ; H. J. 
 Bellamy, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Fruit and Vegetable Market. Few 
 cities are so well supplied as Chicago 
 is, in the matter of edible fruits and 
 vegetables. Half a dozen blocks on 
 South Water Street, from Wabash 
 A-venue westward, is the particular 
 
 locality of this thriving industry, and 
 here in the early morning, and, 
 indeed, all day long, arrive during 
 their proper seasons and from every 
 part of the continent vast consignments 
 of perishable wares. Crates, barrels, 
 boxes, and baskets of all sizes, shapes, 
 and descriptions are heaped upon 
 the sidewalk infront of the commission 
 dealer's store, speedily finding their 
 way by his efforts to the numerous 
 groceries and meat markets through 
 the city. 
 
 News papers: As neai-ly as can 
 be estimated, 600,000,000 copies of 
 daily, weekly, monthly and other 
 publications are issued from the 
 presses of Chicago. In 1896, 620 
 publications were entered at the 
 ChicagoPost office and 142 periodicals 
 issued for trade or advertising 
 purposes. 
 
 120 
 
Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 W. Claussenius & Co., Genl. Western Agts., 90-92 Deabom St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Thos. Cook & Son, 232 S. Clark St., Chicago, 111. 
 J. Wm. Eschenburg, 78 5 th. Ave., Chicago, III. 
 H. Case & Son, 220 S. Clark St., Chicago 111. 
 Kaspar & Karel, 623 Blue Island Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 A. Mortensen & Co., 140 E. Kinzie St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 121 
 
■^ 
 
 MDNDN ROUTE 
 
 e )) Cgflfig l!gffi>''*f<W»l9WYWR/^wy (( a 
 
 »' - " » ^ » » 
 
 B. a 0. AND B. & 0. 8. W. 
 
 71 
 
 he comfortable and picturesque line 
 
 between 
 
 "g) 
 
 fe 
 
 WmilhiljPigtpriy 
 
 Oiiff«©li!jir(imtS,j 
 
 Chicago 
 
 AND THE WEST. 
 
 Through Sleepers between Washington and Chicago, with " 
 complete Pullman equipment. 
 
 New York, B. & O., 113, 434 &c. Broadway. 
 
 Washington, B. & O., 619 Penn Ave. 
 OFFICES: Cincinnati, C. H. & D., Fourth & Vine. 
 Chicago, Monon, 22>2 Clark St. 
 
 Minneapolis, Monon, Northwestern Bldg. 
 
 /sk for tickets via Monon Route. 
 
 FRANK J. REED, Gen. Pass. Agt. 
 
 IMOIVOIV BIOUTE 
 
 66 CHICAGO. 
 
 g-<. - o-i) 
 
 122 
 
 Si 
 
THE BEST ROUTE TO THE WEST. 
 
 Every one who goes to America goes to Chicago, else he does not 
 see America, for Chicago, be it imderstood, is the real metropolis, the 
 commercial center and hub of the North American continent, from which 
 radiate, like the spokes of a great wheel, more railway lines and directly 
 reaching into more territory than any other city in the world. So too, 
 every one goes to the national capital, for Washington is now one of the 
 most beautiful cities, as well as the capital of the greatest republic and 
 the most prosperous nation in the world. The most picturesque route to 
 Chicago from the Eastern seaboard is that of the B. & O. and MONON, 
 via Washington, Cincianati and Indianapolis. The tourist takes his elegantly 
 cushioned seat in a luxurious sleeping car, equipped with every convenience 
 that the most fastidious traveler could wish, which accomodation, by the 
 way, costs him less than the European service for half the distance, 
 (Berlin to Paris, 663 miles, $ 8,00, for example). The scenery, as the 
 train winds up the beautiful Potomac Valley, with the laurel-clad Virginia 
 Heights on the one hand and the rocky cliffs of Maryland on the other, 
 is one of surpassing beauty. Among the points of interest to be seen 
 from the car windows are Great Falls, Point of Rocks, Harper's Ferry, 
 where John Brown lit the torch, which, fanned by the southern breeze, 
 grew into the great rebellion and ended in the liberation of slavery 
 throughout the civilized world; Cumberland, Grafton and others, beautiful 
 to the eye and rich in historical association. Winding through the foothills 
 of the Alleghanies in West Virginia, the Ohio is crossed at Marietta. 
 The rich farm and fruit lands of Southern Ohio are traversed in a nearly 
 straight line imtil Cincinnati is reached, the metropolis of the Ohio valley 
 and the busy port of entry on the great interior water way, 1800 miles 
 from the mouth of the Missisippi. From Cincinnati the line rims north- 
 west through Indianapolis, which boasts the largest and finest public foimtain 
 in the world, and finally entering the great metropolis of the central west, 
 the great lake port of Chicago, through a maze of railway tracks that has 
 not its counterpart any where on earth. 
 
 Dearborn Station, of the Monon Route, is at the foot of Dearborn 
 Street, within five minutes walk of the finest hotels in the City, £md within 
 a short ride, by cab or transfer coach, of the various stations of western 
 railway lines. The conductor of the Monon train and uniformed baggage 
 and express agents will give full information to strangers before entering 
 the city, and uniformed attendants at the station will give directions to 
 cabs, street cars and hotels. 
 
 123 
 
The Monon Route from Chicago to the South via Louisville oi 
 Cincinnati has no superior in convenience, comfort and speed. Four trains 
 leave Dearborn station for Cincinnati daily, carrying parlor, chair and 
 buffet dining cars on day trains and Pullman sleeping and dining cars on 
 night trains. Two Pullman trains leave Chicago daily (one a night train) 
 for Louisville and West Baden Springs. At Cincinnati and Louisville 
 direct connections are made for all points in the South. 
 
 At Bedford, on the Monon Route, are situated the extensive quaiies 
 of oolitic limestone which has been used in the construction of some of 
 the finest ouildings in New York, Washington and other lai-ge cities all 
 over the country. 
 
 To conclude, the Monon Route is renowned for its smooth and 
 substantial road bed, its complete and luxurious equipment, its fast and 
 punctual time, its picturesque scenery and its admirable service. The 
 general passenger agent is Mr. Frank J. Reed, at Chicago. 
 
 124 
 
INDIANA. 
 
 La Salle was the first European to 
 visit Indiana. In 1669 he, with his 
 brave French explorers, opened trade 
 with the natives. A gi-eat many 
 Indian tribes helped him in his fight 
 with the Iroquois. The first military 
 establishment, Post Ougatenon, was 
 founded near Lafayette in 1720; 
 seven years later, Poste d'Oubache 
 was established on the spot where 
 now Vincennes stands. Lieut. St. 
 Ange was the conunander for more 
 than thirty years and ruled with 
 great prudence. After the attack of 
 the Chickasaws, in 1736, when a 
 great number of French and Indian 
 soldiers fell, French and Canadian 
 descendents lived here for more than 
 two centuries, raising wheat, tobacco 
 and wine, Indian and African slaves 
 helping them. The chief trading- 
 posts were at the source of the 
 Maumee,near Lafayette andVincennes. 
 In 1778 Col. Clarke, with his 
 'Virguiians,marchedagainst Vincennes 
 and defeated Gov. Hamilton of the 
 British forces. French half-breeds 
 and Spaniards then inhabited the 
 coimtry. In 1800 Indiana became 
 a territory; in 1811 Gov. Harrison 
 made war against Tecumseh, Chief 
 of the Shawnees and defeated them, 
 although with great loss to himself 
 
 Indiana took its name from the 
 Indians, who ceded pai't of the 
 country to traders. The pet name 
 is the " Hoosier State" , from "Hushers " , 
 white Indian bullies. It is a vast 
 plain, with great forests and treeless 
 praii-ies. It has a great lumber trade 
 and agriculture gives employment to 
 a great many people, the Wabash 
 
 region being the richest known for 
 wheat and corn. Coal and gas 
 abound. Education has made great 
 strides since 1870, the best proof of 
 which, being the few ilhterate per- 
 sons to be found, as well as the 
 mimerous High and Normal Schools. 
 The principal National Institutions 
 are : The United States Arsenal at 
 Indianapolis. The Depot of the 
 Quartermaster Department, at 
 Jeffersonville , a branch of the 
 National Soldiers Home, at Marion 
 and the magnificent Soldiers' Monu- 
 ment at Indianapolis. The climate 
 is, on the whole, healthy. 
 
 BEDFORD, Ind. 
 A town in the southern part of the 
 state, noted for its 19 quarries, yield- 
 ing enormous quantities of building- 
 stone, known as the Bedford or 
 Indiana limestone. It is of a buff 
 and blue color and is said never to 
 break or crack, having an elasticity 
 which makes it valuable in all 
 climates where there is great change 
 of temperature. The Indiana State 
 Capitol, New York Times building, 
 the 'SfaxL&^&xhii'i- Railroads : Louisville, 
 New Albany & Chicago. 
 
 CRANFORDSVILLE, Ind. 
 Is interesting as seat of the Wab- 
 ash College, foimded by the Pres- 
 byterians in 1832. It has 13 in- 
 structors and 400 students, enjoying 
 a library of 28,500 volumes. South 
 Hall, Center Hall, containing chapel, 
 library and lecture rooms. Peek 
 Scientific Hall and the Hovey Museum 
 are the most prominent buildings. 
 
 125 
 
ELKHART, Ind. 
 In the northern part of this county 
 has 11,360 inh., and is a busy 
 manufacturing town and a great 
 railway junction. 
 
 ELWOOD, Ind. 
 
 A rapidly growing town, 22 miles 
 from Kokomo, in the gasbelt of 
 Indiana. 
 
 EVANSVILLE, Ind. 
 A great export place for grain, 
 pork, coal, lumber and tabacco, 
 either by steamboats along the Ohio 
 River or by one of the seven rail- 
 ways of which it is the terminus; 
 coal and iron are found in the 
 vicinity. The Wabash and Erie 
 Canal, the longest in the Union, 
 476 mis., leads from Toledo to 
 Evansville, part of it beiug held by 
 slack-water navigation. It has about 
 60,000 inh. — The principal rail- 
 roads are : EvansviUe & Terre Haute ; 
 Louisville & Nashville. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 /. Esslinger, Evansville, Ind. 
 
 FORT WAYNE. Ind. 
 A manufacturing town in the North 
 East with 40,0:0 inh., was built 1794 
 on the site of an English fort of 
 1764, is a great railw^ay centre and 
 abounds in factories. We find there 
 a branch of the Great American 
 Wheel Company; a Divinity School 
 (Lutheran) and a School for the 
 feeble-minded. — The principal rail- 
 ways are : Fort Wayne, Cinciunati & 
 Louisville; Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern ; Wabash. 
 
 GREENCASTLE, Ind. 
 Is most remarkable as the seat of 
 the famous De Pauw University. It 
 was founded in 1837, under the 
 name of Indiana Asbury University, 
 in a rented two room building, with 
 four teachers. In 1884, largely 
 thi-ough the liberality of the late 
 Hon. A. C. De Pauw, of New Albany, 
 Ind., a noble endowment of over 
 $450,000 was raised, and the Uni- 
 versity took the name of its bene- 
 factor, who was a prominent member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 The grounds cover IBO acres. The 
 
 126 
 
 University has 40 instructors and 
 900 students. The school of military 
 science and tactics has 180 uni- 
 formed cadets. 
 
 INDIANOPOLIS. 
 
 The capital of Indiana with 120,000 
 inh., lies in about the center of the 
 state 110 mis. N. W. of Cincinnati, 
 and 195 mis. S. E. of Chicago in a 
 fertile plain and was first settled in 
 1819. It is a great railway center 
 of the West 18 railways converge 
 here also a large trading place, 
 employing 10,000 persons and pro- 
 ducing $ 3 0000,000 worth of goods 
 yearly. The principal industries are : 
 meatpacking, manufacture of machin- 
 ery, agricultural implements , cars 
 furniture, especially writing desks, 
 and flour-miUs. It has a great many 
 prominent public buildings as: the 
 State HousevnSh the statue of Thomas 
 A. Hendricks; the Court House, 
 Institutes for the Blind, the Insane, 
 ihQ Deaf a.n.di Dumb; ih.&Propylaeum, 
 erected by the women of the city, 
 Classical Schools for Girls; Crown 
 HUl with a beautiful view, a magnif- 
 icent Soldier's Monument with colos- 
 sal bronze statues, trophies of arms 
 etc. ; the United States Arsenal on 
 a hill east of the town, a depositary 
 of war materials, buUt in 1863, and 
 many handsome churches. The prin- 
 cipal railroads cire: Canada & St. 
 Louis; C. C. C. & St. Louis. 
 
 Agents of the North German Llyod : 
 
 Alex Metsger Agency, Odd Fel- 
 lows Hall, Indianopolis, Lad. 
 
 Frensel Bros, 1 W. Washington 
 St., IndianopoUs, Ind. 
 
 JEFFERSONVILLE, Ind. 
 
 On the Ohio River, the depot of 
 the Quartermaster:s Department of 
 the United States Army, sends clothing 
 and equipage to all the military posts. 
 It was erected in 187 1-4 in a central 
 locality of the Union, near large 
 factories and raikoads, and the seat 
 of important Government Depart- 
 ments. 
 
 KOKOMO, Ind. 
 
 A prominent manufacturing city 
 in the gas-belt of Indiana. 
 
LAFAYETTE, Ind. 
 Situated on the Wabash, has 16,423 
 inhab., in a rich farming country 
 and has important factories. It is 
 ihe'seat oi Ptirdtce University {x^l^ 
 where 4000 students are taught in 
 mechanics, engineering, agriculture 
 and scientific branches. It contams 
 an artesian well, from which issues 
 sulphur water, possessing curative 
 properties. Seven miles north of 
 this city is the battle-field of Tipp- 
 ecanoe, where Gen. Harrison con- 
 quered the Indian chief Tecumseh 
 ia 1812. Lafayette was one of the 
 principal trading-posts of the French 
 for more than two centuries. Rail- 
 roads; C. C. C. & St. L.J Lake Erie 
 & Western and Wabash. 
 
 LOGANSPORT, Ind. 
 
 A town on the Wabash River 
 with 13,328 inh. surrounded by rich 
 agricultural region, carries on an 
 important trade in poplar and black- 
 WEunut lumber, which is shipped 
 here. The largest industrial estab- 
 lishment is the Car Works of the 
 Pittsburg'. Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 Louis R. R. which covers several 
 acres, and from which, several cars 
 can be turned out daily. It lies at 
 the intersection of four railroads. 
 An Insane Hospital was opened in 
 1888 and contains 360 inmates. 
 
 Railroads: Chicago, St: Louis & 
 Pittsburg; Terre Haute & Indiana- 
 polis; Wabash. 
 
 MADISON, Ind. 
 Midway between Cincinnati and 
 Louisville, beautifully situated 
 on the Ohio and has 8,937 inh. It 
 hasaseveral pork-packing etablish- 
 ments, its provision trade is import- 
 ant and there are brass foundries 
 and factories — Railroads: Jeffer- 
 sonville, Madison & Indianapolis. 
 
 MISHAWAKA, Ind. 
 South east of Elkhart, seat of the 
 podge Mamtfacturing Company, 
 it has a groimd plant of 80 acjres, 
 with a floorage of 16 acres, lumber 
 yard of 12 acres and a daily capacity 
 of 600 pulleys. 
 
 NEW ALBANY, Ind. 
 On the Ohio River, a very hand- 
 
 somelybuilt town with 2l,o59 inh. 
 It is connected with LouisviUe, op- 
 posite which it lies, by a splendid 
 bridge, 2,453 ft. long. • The New 
 Albany Glass - Works are the largest 
 in America. The plant represents an 
 expenditure of $ 2,000,000 and a 
 business of $ 2,000,000 a year, exten- 
 ding from New York to San Francisco. 
 It covers 30 acres of ground and is 
 owned by the heirs of W. C. De 
 Pauw, an eminent business-man, 
 glass-manufacturer, philanthropist and 
 benefactor of Universities (De Patiw 
 College for Women), who also 
 established the great Woolen-Mills 
 in 1861, the largest work of the kind, 
 west of the Alleghany Mountains. — 
 K.ailr ad - Connections : Jacks onville, 
 Madison & Indianapolis; Louisville, 
 New Albany & Chicago; Louisville, 
 Evansville & St. Louis; N. Y. C. & 
 St. Louis. 
 
 RICHMOND, Ind. 
 
 A flourishing city of 19,000 mhab. 
 on the Whitewater River, in the 
 center of a fertile agricultural district ; 
 the chief articles of manufacture are 
 agricultural machinery and im- 
 plements. It is very handsomely 
 built and has many fine residences: 
 the County Covert House, the 
 Morrison Library with 19,000 vol- 
 umes. — Railroads: Chicago, St. 
 Louis & Pittsburg; Grand Rapids & 
 Indiana; Pittsbm-g, Cincinnati & St. 
 Louis. 
 
 SOUTH BEND. Ind. 
 
 Situated on the Joseph River, a 
 very busy manufacturing town with 
 21,819 inh. Stodebaker Bros. 
 Manu/actiiring Com-pany, a business 
 started in 1852 with only a capital 
 of $ 68, but a thorough knowledge of 
 blacksmithing ; the four brothers 
 began with two waggons as a first 
 year's output, now 1500 workmen 
 are employed and their carriages 
 and waggons are sent all over the 
 world. The Oliver Chilled Plow 
 Works, on a plant, covering 42 acres 
 and employing 1000 hands, is another 
 great industrial undertaking. About 
 a mile and a half, north of South 
 Bend, is the chief Catholic School in 
 the West, the University of Notre 
 Dame; it has classical, scientific, 
 civil engineering and commercial 
 
 127 
 
courses, besides a three year's law 
 course, with 7oo students; the younger 
 ones, under 13 years of age, are 
 taught by sis*ers of the Holy Cross. 
 They form a company of cadets, 
 whilst the older ones compose the 
 Battalion of Hoyne Light Guards. 
 
 Railroads : Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk; Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern; M. C; & L 
 
 TERRE HAUTE, Ind. 
 On the the east branch of the 
 Wabash River, with 20,317 inh. a 
 rapidly growing manufacturing and 
 trading town, with many fine build- 
 ings. The State Normal School, 
 with 800 pupils; Rose Polytechnic 
 Institute, founded in 1874 by Chaun- 
 cey Rose, for the eduaction of young 
 engineers, with a four years' course, 
 free to Vigo County students; there 
 is here a branch of the extensive 
 Works of the Great American 
 
 Wheel Company ahd the ttudnui 
 Company' s establishment (with large 
 plants) one of the leading ones for 
 food prepzirations, such as: hominy, 
 meal, com meal, com flour etc. 
 The Hudnuts were the first to make 
 use of the roller process for com 
 goods. 
 
 Railroads; Chicago & Eastern 
 Illinois; C. C. C. & St. L. Evans- 
 ville & Terre Haute; Terre Haute 
 & Indianapolis. 
 
 VINCENNES, Ind. 
 On the Wabash River, with 8,853 
 inhab., the oldest town in the State, 
 having been settled by French Cana- 
 dians in 1702; it was the capital of 
 the Territory from 1800— 1814. It 
 aoounds in coal and is a fertile 
 country. — Railroads: Cleveland, 
 Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; 
 Evansville & Terre Haute; Ohio & 
 Mississippi. 
 
 J 28 
 
INDIAN TERRITORY. 
 
 The name Indian TeiTitory fairly 
 indicates its origin as a political sub- 
 division of the nation. It is the land 
 originally reserved by the Govern- 
 ment of the United States for the 
 Indian tribes which were removed 
 west of the Mississippi river, and 
 for those living there. It extends 
 between the parallels 33 » and 37 » 
 north latitude and 94 " and 100 " long- 
 itude west from Greenwich. It is 
 870 miles long, and 220 miles wide, 
 with an area of about 64,220 square 
 miles. Kansas bounds it on the 
 north, Arkansas on the east, Texas 
 on the south and west, the Red river 
 forms the boundary line between 
 Indian Territory and Texas on the 
 south. 
 
 The Red river and its branches, 
 the Arkansas river and its branches 
 and innumerable small streams flow 
 through it. Through the western 
 part of the Territory there is a belt 
 of timber forty or sixty miles in 
 breadth, running its entire width. 
 This belt is known as "Cross Timb- 
 ers". As for the rest of the Ter- 
 ritory the surface presents, in the 
 main, a rolling prairie. Along the 
 rivers there axe broad stretches of 
 fertile lands covered with a natural 
 growth of timber. In the south and 
 southeast the Territory is covered 
 with hills which vary in height from 
 300 to 400 and 1,500 feet above the 
 surrounding prairie. These hills, 
 which are properly branches of the 
 Ozark Moimtams, are known as the 
 Wichita Mountains, Shawnee and San 
 Bois HiUs. In the eastern portions 
 there are outcroppings of granite, 
 
 also to some extent in the Wichita 
 Mountains. There are extensive de- 
 posits of coal and iron, and the 
 precious metal's are also known to 
 aboimd. The climate is all that could 
 be desired, and is well fitted for the 
 production of cotton, tobacco, grain 
 and fruits. West of the Cross Timb- 
 ers the land diifers very much from 
 the eastern section; here the climate 
 is dry, the rainfall is about twenty- 
 five inches, as against forty-five 
 inches in the east, while the mean 
 annual temperature is somewhat 
 lower. The principal rivers are the 
 Red and the Wachita in the south- 
 em part. The Arkansas with its 
 branches, the Neosho, the Salt and 
 Red Forks, the Canadian and the 
 North Fork water the northern and 
 central portions. None of the rivers 
 are of any consequence for navi- 
 gation, and in the extreme west ir- 
 rigation is necessary for successful 
 agriculture. The vegetation differs 
 as widely in the east from that in 
 the west as do the soil and climate. 
 The western part is covered with 
 such flora as are peculiar to the ex- 
 tensive western plains, while east of 
 the Cross Timbers the vegetation is 
 almost sub -tropical and is very 
 abundant. 
 
 The five civilized tribes — Cherok- 
 ees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws 
 and Seminoles — have made consid- 
 erable progress in civilization, 
 
 TAHLEGUAH, Ind. Ter. 
 •Is the principal town of the Cher- 
 okee Station, has 2,000 inhabitants. 
 It contains the Cherokee National 
 
 129 
 
Prison, an Asylum for the blind, 
 deaf, dumb, insane etc. The Cher- 
 okee Orphan Asylum is at Grand 
 Saline. The girl's seminary is a 
 handsome building in a park near 
 Tahleguah; so is also the national 
 Seminary, where 200 boys are study- 
 ing. 
 
 MUSCOGEE, Ind. Ter. 
 Has about 3,000 inhabitants and 
 
 has the Indian tTniversity. The town 
 has several other schools as the 
 Harrell Institute and the Presbyterian 
 Mission School for girls. 
 
 LEHIGH, Ind. Ter. 
 Is the principal town of the Choct- 
 aw Nation; large coal mines are in 
 the neighborhood. About 3,000 
 white people reside at Lehigh. 
 
 130 
 
IOWA. 
 
 Iowa was admitted as a State into 
 the Union in 1846. It lies wholly 
 beyond the Mississippi, which washes 
 all its eastern boundary. On this 
 side, its neighbors are Wisconsin 
 and Illinois. On the north is Minne- 
 sota: on the west, Minnesota and 
 Nebraska, and upon the south, 
 Missouri. The State has no very 
 notable history, beyond the usual 
 adventure and hardship of a lone 
 forest life, among savage tribes. The 
 settlement of the region was 
 seriously begun (first at Buiiington) 
 in the year 1833. 
 
 The name of Iowa comes from 
 Jhe Indian words Ah-hee-oo-ba, 
 which means "The Drowsy Ones." 
 An other interpretation means, Iowa 
 "is the place where to dwell in peace." 
 Iowa IS also often called ^,The 
 Hawkeye State", which name first 
 appeared in the „Fort Madison 
 Patriot", of March 24, 1838 and was 
 accepted by the lowans. This signi- 
 fication was derived from the famaus 
 old Indian chief, Black Hawk. 
 
 The Latitude of Iowa is 40" 36' to 
 43o 30' north, and the Longitude 
 89" 5' to 96" 31' west. 
 
 Its population in 1860 
 
 was 674.913 
 „ 1890 
 
 was 1.911.896 
 
 THE IOWA RIVER SYSTEM. 
 
 The Des Moines River, the most 
 important stream in Iowa, rises in 
 Minnesota and flows 450 miles through 
 the state, to its south-east extremity, 
 where it enters the Missisippi, 4 miles 
 
 below Keokuk. Is is navigable for 
 some 250 miles. 
 
 The Iowa River is 300 miles in 
 length, and is navigable from the 
 Mississippi upwards, 80 miles, to 
 Iowa City. 
 
 The Missouri and the Great Sioux 
 rivers form the entire western 
 boundary of Iowa. 
 
 The Prairies, which are sometimes 
 20 miles across, present many scenes 
 of interest, in theirway — and it is 
 a way not rmgrateful to the un- 
 accustomed eyes of the visitor from 
 the Atlantic States — monotonous 
 as it may, possibly, grow in time. 
 
 BURLINGTON, la. 
 
 Burlington, formerly the capital of 
 Iowa, and one of the most populous 
 and important places in the State, 
 is upon the Mississippi River, 250 
 miles above St. Louis, 45 miles above 
 Keokuk, and 88 miles east-south-east 
 of Iowa City. Bm-lington is partly 
 built upon the bluffs which charac- 
 terize the shores of the Mississippi 
 in this the most picturesque portion 
 of its endless journey, from the Great 
 Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. In 
 1890, its population was about 24,000. 
 
 Railroads: Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy ; Burlington, Cedar Rapids 
 & Northern; Burlington & North- 
 western; Burlington & Western. 
 
 CEDAR RAPIDS, la. 
 on the Red Cedar River, is a 
 growing city of 18,020 inh., at the 
 intersection of several important 
 railways. It has a large water-power 
 
 131 
 
on the river, with machinery and 
 carriage factories, great oat-meal 
 mills, pork packing establishments, 
 and 25 wholesale trading-houses. 
 
 COUNCIL BLUFFS, la. 
 at the foot of the Missouri bluffs, 
 3 mis. east of the Missom-i river, is 
 one of the most important towns of 
 Iowa, having a population of some 
 21,000. It lies not far from the old 
 meeting point of the Indian tribes; 
 and here the Mormons tarried from 
 1846 to 1849, while on their way to 
 Utah. 6 railways running west from 
 Chicago meet here the Union Pacific 
 line, and others diverge to the north 
 and south. 
 
 DAVENPORT, la. 
 on the Mississippi, at the foot of the 
 Upper Rapids, opposite Rock Island, 
 111., is the fourth largest city of 
 Iowa, having 26,872 inh. It is the 
 grain depot of the upper Mississippi, 
 and also an important manufactm'ing 
 centre, situated in the heai-t of 
 extensive bituminous coal fields. 
 
 Railroad: Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul; Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific. 
 
 DES MOINES, la. 
 selected as the capital of Iowa in 
 1855, is at the junction of the Des 
 Moines and Raccoon Rivers, 120 
 miles West of Iowa City. Steam- 
 boats ascend the Des Moines to 
 Fort Des Moines, which was in 
 former days the remotest outpost on 
 the north-west frontier. As a United 
 States military post, it was evacuated 
 in 1846. The city, which contains 
 some 50,000 inhabitants, is laid out 
 in quadi-Uateral form, extending 4 
 miles east and west and 2 imles 
 north and south, and is intersected 
 both by the Des Moines and Raccoon 
 rivers, which are spanned by 8 bridg- 
 es. The State -House, the State 
 Arsenal and the U. S. Post Office 
 ai-e the most remarkable public 
 buildings ; there are also the Christians 
 own Drake University, the University 
 of Des Moines, founded in 1860, 
 Calinan College and two medical 
 colleges. 
 
 Railroads: Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy; Chicago & North Western; 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 
 
 Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City.; 
 
 Des Moines &Kansas City; Des Moines 
 
 & Northwestern; St. Louis, Des 
 
 Moines & Northern. 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 Frank S. Wells, Des Moines, Iowa. 
 W. W. Williams. Des Moines, Iowa, 
 
 DUBUQUE, la. 
 
 Is upon the banks of the Upper 
 Mississippi, in the midst of a very- 
 picturesque country. It is, indeed, 
 if we possibly except Iowa City, the 
 most beautiful town in the State. 
 It occupies a broad, elevated terrace, 
 which stretches along the great 
 river for miles. Many fine buildings 
 ai-e to be seen here. Numerous 
 railways of the West find their way 
 to this point. Dubuque is the oldest 
 town in Iowa, having been settled 
 by the French as long ago as 1786. 
 Its population is more than 30,000, 
 and is the thii-d largest city of Iowa. 
 
 Railroads: Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul; Illinois Central; Chicago, 
 St. Paul & Kansas City. 
 
 IOWA CITY, la. 
 
 Charmingly situated upon some 
 oval bluffs on the Iowa River, about 
 80 miles from the meeting of thaf 
 stream with the Mississippi. The 
 site of the city was wilderness, in 
 1839, when it was selected as the 
 seat of government, now moved to 
 Des Moines. It had in 1839 a 
 population of some 600 or 700 people, 
 now increased to some 7,000 inhab. 
 
 Railroads; Burlington, Cedar 
 Rapids ,& Northern; Rock Island & 
 Pacific. 
 
 KEOKUK, la. 
 
 "The Gate City", is one of the 
 most populous towns in Iowa, having 
 a population of some 14,000. It has 
 a pleasant site on a high bluff, on 
 a. long cui-ve of the Mississippi, at 
 the foot of the Lower Mississipi, 
 125 miles, below Iowa City. In 1840, 
 there were a dozen huts here, sur- 
 rounded by a deer forest, where 7 
 railways now converge, hi a city of 
 iron foundries and meat-packiug 
 bouses. 
 
 132 
 
MARSHALLTOWN, la. 
 314 miles from Chicago on the 
 Chicago Great Western K. R. is a 
 busy city of some 8,200 inhabitants 
 near the centre of Iowa. Siirrounded 
 by rich agricultural lands, it is the 
 market for a large section. 
 
 MUSCATINE, la. 
 
 Is upon the Mississippi, 100 miles 
 above Keokuk, and 32 miles from 
 Iowa City, having a population of 
 some 12,000 inhabitants. It is the 
 shipping point of an extensive and 
 fertile country, and its lumber bus- 
 iness is large. 
 
 Railroads : Burlington, Cedar Ra- 
 pids & Northern, Chicago, Rock 
 Island & Pacific. 
 
 OTTUMWA, la. 
 On the Des Moines River, is the 
 largest city on the Chicago Burl- 
 ington & Quincy R. R. between the 
 Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. It 
 has a population of some 14,000, 
 busy in manufactures and in a trade 
 amounting to $ 6,000,000 yearly. It 
 is situated in a very fertile country 
 
 and enjoys a good water-power 
 from its river, which is here spanned 
 by a large bridge. Ottumwa is 281 
 miles from Chicago. 
 
 SIOUX CITY, la. 
 
 The second largest city of Iowa 
 with 37,800 inhab., a flourishing 
 manufacturing and railroad center, 
 and withal a lovely place of homes. 
 It was laid out in 1854 at the bend 
 of the Missouri, and covers a wide 
 area of rich farming country with 
 its commerce. It has extensive raeat 
 packing works and manufactories, 
 including one of the largest flaxseed- 
 oil mills, using 2,000 cai^-loads of 
 flaxseed yearly; Over 25,000,000 
 bricks are made here yearly, and 
 vast quantities of stoneware. 
 
 Railroads : Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul; Illinois Central; Ch. St. 
 Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd; 
 
 Chas Evert, Sioux City, Iowa. 
 
 133 
 
KANSAS. 
 
 The name "Kansas" is an Indian 
 word which means "smoky water," 
 and was originally applied to the 
 Kansas or Kaw River, which runs 
 through the State. The region now- 
 known as Kansas appears to have 
 been visited by Spaniards in 1541 
 and explored by the French in 1719; 
 it was a part of the Louisiana pm-chase 
 of 1803, and afterward formed a 
 portion of the Indian Territory. 
 Organized as a Territory in 1854, 
 it was admitted as a State into the 
 Union in January 1861. Kansas has 
 an area ot a little over 81,000 square 
 miles ; it is 400 miles in length and 
 200 miles wide, and has a frontage 
 of 150 miles on the Missouri River. 
 
 Kansas occupies the exact geogra- 
 phical center of the United States, 
 midway between the two oceans on 
 the east andwest, and British America 
 and Mexico on the north and south. 
 
 The State lies between 37» and 
 40o north latitude, and between 94", 
 38' and 102" west longitude. 
 
 K2insas is distinctively a prairie 
 State; its broad sui^face is diversified 
 by an endless succession of valleys 
 and woodlands. The Great Central 
 valley is traversed by the Kansas, 
 or Kaw River, which, inclusive of 
 the Smoky Hill branch, extends the 
 entire length of the State. Another 
 broad valley is formed in the southern 
 half of the State by the Arkansas 
 river, while numerous lateral valleys 
 on the north are formed by minor 
 streams. In the southeastern portion 
 lies the important Neosho valley and 
 the smaller valleys of the Osage and 
 Verdigris. In the extreme southwest 
 
 and along the southern boundary are 
 the valley of the Cimarron and a 
 network of the southern tributaries 
 of the Arkansas. The northeastern 
 quarter is enriched by numerous 
 small affluents of the Missom"i. The 
 streams of Kansas are generally fed 
 by perennial springs, and, as a rule, 
 the eastern and middle portions of 
 the State are well watered. The 
 western part is more elevated and 
 water is less abundant. The population 
 of the State amounts to 1,500,000. 
 
 ABILENE, Ks. 
 
 Pop. 4,300; 163 mUes from Kansas 
 City; elevation, 1,093 feet; the seat 
 of Dickinson County. Wheat and 
 corn are the principal staples in this 
 vicinity. Connections by rail are: 
 A. T. & S. F. and C, K. & N. 
 
 ANTHONY, Ks. 
 
 Population, 1,806. County seat of 
 Harper coimty. 
 
 It is situated at the junction of 
 the Missomi Pacific and the Hutchin- 
 son & Southern, and at the western 
 termination of the 'Frisco railroad, 
 thus securing outlets to points north, 
 northeast, east and southeast. The 
 Hutchinson & Southern Railroad is 
 a feeder for the Union Pacific, and 
 its southern prospectivepointis Galve- 
 ston, Texas. The district adjacent 
 to the ground on which the citjr is 
 built is an open, gently undulating 
 prairie, with a fertile soil, suitable 
 for the cultivation of all cereals, but 
 producing chiefly at present good 
 crops of wheat, oats and corn. 
 
 134 
 
ARICANSAS CITY, Ks. 
 
 Population, 8,347. With the opening 
 of the Cherokee strip, Arkansas City 
 becomes at once a most important 
 point. It is a thriving, busy place 
 Eilready, and the impetus which will 
 be given it by the settlement of the 
 new lands, will unquestionably in- 
 crease its commercial importance. 
 
 A canal five mUes long, running 
 through the city, from the Arkansas 
 to the Walnut rivers, affords a 15,000 
 horse power, which can easUy be 
 iacreased by enlarging this canal, 
 and which already places the city 
 at the front as a manufacturing 
 center. The factories which depend 
 on the canal for their power are the 
 City Roller Mills, with a capacity of 
 300 barrels a day; the Plummer 
 Chair Factory, Kirkwood Wind-mill 
 Factory, mattress factory, Canal 
 Planing MUls and electric light works. 
 The city also contains the Danks 
 Foimdry and Machiae Shops, two 
 wholesale groceries and one whole- 
 sale dry goods store, a large hotel 
 and an opera house. 
 
 ATCHISON, Ks. 
 
 Atchison was settled in 1854 and 
 has a population of 26,758. 
 
 Atchison lies in a sort of an 
 amphitheatre, its busiaess center 
 being in the valley of a creek, locally 
 known as White Clay creek, and its 
 residences occupy the hiUs which 
 rise on either side. 
 
 It is within one hundred miles of 
 the geographical center of the United 
 States, and is nine hundred feet 
 above the sea. 
 
 The territory included in the city- 
 proper is about two and one-half 
 miles north and south, by two miles 
 east and west. Its surface is kregular, 
 rising from the low, level bottom 
 ground of the creek to the bluffs and 
 hills nearly two himdred feet high. 
 The natm-al drainage is unsurpassed, 
 and the high elevations fiu-nish 
 beautiful and healthful sites for 
 residences. 
 
 The water supply of the city is in 
 first-class hands, and is ample for 
 all purposes. 
 
 The city is lit by gas and 
 electricity, and its streets are well 
 paved. 
 
 The Missouri river is here spanned 
 by a steel raikoad and highway 
 bridge, by which six lines of rail- 
 road reach the city from the east. 
 Seven railroads run west from 
 Atchison, making thirteen in all; 
 among them the Missouri Pacific. 
 
 Atchison's wholesale trade now 
 amounts to more than $60,000,000 
 annually. The city is a leading 
 wholesale town of Kansas, her chief 
 market bemg this State and Nebraska. 
 The grocery trade stands first, with 
 two firms at its head, doing between 
 them seven million dollars of busmess, 
 besides other smaller concerns. 
 Lumber . sales run up to thirteen 
 million dollars. Ingrain, her elevators 
 handle some ten million dollars 
 worth of cereals. The output of 
 flour from the fom^ roller mills is 
 about fifteen hiuidred barrels daLl}^ 
 when running full. The wholesale 
 di-ug house sells over one million 
 dollai-s worth of goods annually; the 
 other lines of jobbing trade represen- 
 ted are hardware, notions, gents' 
 furnishings, dry goods, tin-plate, 
 produce, seeds, plumbers' supplies, 
 coal, sash and Islmds. 
 
 BELLEVILLE, Ks. 
 Pop. 4,300; eight miles from 
 Lawrenceijurg, the junction station. 
 
 BELOIT, Ks. 
 Pop. 2,000; 57 miles from Solomon 
 on the Solomon Branch of the U. P. 
 
 CLAY CENTRE, Ks. 
 Town of 5000 inh. ; 147 miles from 
 Leavenworth : station of the Leaven- 
 worth Branch of the K. P. 
 
 CLYDE, Ks. 
 Pop., 2,150; from Junction City 
 56 miles on the Junction City & Fort 
 Keai-ny branch of the U. P. 
 
 CONCORDIA, Ks. 
 Pop. 4000; from Junction City 71 
 miles on the Junction Cit}^ & Fort 
 Kearny Branch of the U. P. 
 
 ELLIS, Ks. 
 Railroad station of 1,350 inh., 303 
 miles from Kansas City, elevation 
 2,056 feet; an agricultural town. 
 
 135 
 
ELLSWORTH, Ks. 
 
 Population, 2,000; from Salina 
 37 miles; elevation, 1,471 feet. It 
 is the seat of Ellsworth county, 
 situated on the north bend of the 
 Smoky Hill river; settled in 1867. 
 This was for many yeai-s a great 
 shipping point for cattle, but the 
 advent of the lai^'mers has crowded 
 the caii[e-jnen—/ttrlAer west. The 
 town has some large stone business 
 blocks, a good hotel, and many fine 
 buildings. The large grain elevator 
 is an evidence that wheat has taken 
 the place of cattle. 
 
 FORT SCOTT, Ks. 
 
 The county seat of Bumbon county; 
 has a population of 11,946. 
 
 Fort Scott presents considerable 
 attraction to manufactiu-ers. It is 
 the center of a country where nature 
 has provided plenty of raw materials 
 for factories, such as limestone for 
 building and smelting purposes, 
 cement rock ec[ual to the Louisville, 
 clay for all kinds of heavy pottery, 
 fire claj, timber of all kinds m great 
 profusion, sandstone flagging, flax, 
 sugar- cane, straw for coarser class 
 of paper, the best of brick clay, 
 broom corn. An inexhaustible supply 
 of coal underlies the entii-e city; also 
 natm-al gas wells aboimd in the 
 neighborhood. The mines to the 
 south yield abundantly lead and zinc. 
 
 This city is now one of the 
 important raibroad centers to the 
 Southwest, being situated at the 
 intersection of three great trunk lines, 
 the Missouri Pacific, the Kansas City, 
 Fort Scott & Memphis, and the M., 
 K. & T. Eight lines in all center 
 here. The Missomi Pacific has 
 recently completed two more, and a 
 belt line ai^ound the city. 
 
 It is an important jobbing center, 
 being the source of supply for the 
 mining and agricultmal towns of 
 the surrounding region. Its public 
 improvements are complete, consist- 
 ing of water works, sewerage, electric 
 light plant, illuminating and fuel gas 
 plant, telephone exchange, and every 
 metropolitan convenience; several 
 costly hotels, U. S. court house, 
 normal school, seven public school 
 buildings, four strong banks, aggre- 
 
 gating $ 1,000,000 capital, seven 
 newspapers, t^-^o jomnals, seven miles 
 of street railway, soon to be increased 
 and operated by electric power. 
 Natmal gas is found in considerable 
 quantities at a depth of from 300 to 
 800 feet, and fuel and lighting ai-e 
 obtained at very small cost. The 
 town is built in the valley of the 
 Marmaton River, which furnishes 
 ample waterpower for all pm-poses. 
 
 HAYS, Ks. 
 
 Population, 1,350; from Salina, 
 103 miles ; elevation, 1,936 feet. Is 
 the seat of Ellis county, named for 
 the government post established here 
 in 1867, situated about half a mile 
 south, on a high plateau. 
 
 The citizens and settlers in the 
 vicinity of Hays are mostly farmers. 
 The coimty is well watered by the 
 Smoky, Big Creek and the Salina. 
 
 I^ori Hays. Is the headquarters 
 of the 18th Infantry. 
 
 Connections. Mail hack: North 
 six times a week, to Martin, 16 nules; 
 Painsville, 10 miles, and Stockton, 
 15 miles. Also northeast to Catherine, 
 nine miles, twice a week. To the 
 southeast six mUes to Munjor, and 
 14 nules to Pheifer, 14 miles, three 
 times a week. Southwest 12 miles 
 to Palatine, thence west 12 miles 
 to Stockbridge. 
 
 HOLTON, Ks. 
 Town of 3000 inh.; 55 miles from 
 Leavenworth; station of the Leaven- 
 worth Branch of the K. P. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, Ks. 
 
 The salt industry of Kansas centers 
 at Hutchinson, which is the county- 
 seat of Reno county. Population, 8,682. 
 
 Hutchinson has five different rail- 
 road lines ; a perfect system of street 
 railways. Also a complete system of 
 water works and electric lights. The 
 city is supplied with a complete 
 system of sewerage. The wholesale 
 groceries and dry goods houses are 
 among the largest m the West, and 
 are doing a flourishing and rapidly 
 increasing business. The business 
 blocks and residences of the city are 
 noted for their elegance and cost- 
 liness. 
 
 The State Reformatory is located 
 near here. 
 
 136 
 
JUNCTION CITY, Ks. 
 
 Population, 5,000; from Kansas 
 city 139 miles; elevation, 1,021 feet. 
 Railroads: U. P. and M. P. Is the 
 seat of Davis county, situated at 
 the junction of the Smoky and 
 Republican rivers, which form the 
 Kansas; it is surrounded by lands 
 of great fertility, are thickly settled 
 and highly cultivated. The city has 
 the usual number of stores, shops, 
 hotels, etc., foimd in a place of its 
 size, and is gradually accumulating 
 wealth. The Jimction City marble 
 quarries, are located just to the north, 
 under the bluffs. 
 
 Two-mUes-and-a-half fromjimction 
 City is Fort Riley. 3000 men and 
 about as many horses are quartered 
 here. It is a cavalry and artillery 
 school. The most imposing of the 
 forty buildings it comprises, is the 
 post administration building, contain- 
 ing a library and a lecture room 
 besides the offices. A reservoir on 
 the top of a hill has a capacity of 
 500,000 gallons of water. Fort 
 Riley is worth visiting. 
 
 ' KANSAS CITY, Ks. 
 Is situated on the sloping bluffsjust 
 across the Kansas river, and might 
 well be called a suburb of Kansas 
 City, Missom'i. It is connected by 
 motor cars, has a population of 
 about 38,316, many of whom do 
 business in Kansas City, Missouri, 
 and have their homes here. The city 
 is on a portion of the lands once 
 owned by the Delaware Indians, who 
 sold them in 1842 to the Wyandotte 
 Indians, the remnants of a tribe from 
 the state of Ohio. The lands adjoin- 
 ing the city are in a high state of 
 cultivation, and large orchards of 
 fruit are numerous. The Kansas 
 State Institution for the Blind • is 
 lokated here. 
 
 . LAWRENCE Ks. 
 Pop., 10,000; from Kansas City, 
 39 miles; elevation, 763 feet. The 
 seat of Douglass county; named for 
 the millionau-e Lawrences, of Boston, 
 Mass. The city proper is opposite 
 the depot on the south side of the 
 bridges. It is situated in the midst 
 
 137 
 
 of the richest and most fertile portion 
 of Kansas, as well as being the most 
 beautiful city in the state. The city 
 has horse railroads and all the modem 
 improvements. Settled in 1854. Raided 
 by Quantrell'sbandAugust 21st, 1863, 
 who burned the town, and murdered 
 upwards of 100 imarmed citizens. 
 
 In the southern part of the city 
 is located the State University, on 
 the summit of Mt. Oread, from which 
 point you look upon a very beautiful 
 landscape, dotted in all directions 
 with hundreds of farm houses. The 
 Library of the University numbers^ 
 20,000 volumes. In the Natural 
 History collections there are over 
 175,000 specimens. Snow Hall is 
 the home of the Dyche collection of 
 North American Mammals. The 
 University is divided into five schools, 
 Arts, Pharmacy, Law, Music and 
 Engineering. 
 
 Connections by rail are: Southern 
 Kansas and Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 Another attractive feature of Law- 
 rence, is Bismarck Grove, one of the 
 grandest natural parks in the country. 
 Art has added to its beauties, and 
 now there are three beautiful lakes 
 in it, fed by water works, on which 
 are kept several row boats for the 
 use of the visitor. Bismarck Grove 
 has become famous for its fine herd 
 of buffalo and deer, and himdreds 
 of people visit the park to see the 
 last remnant of the "Monarch of the 
 Plains." 
 
 The United States Indian School, 
 better known as the Haskell Institute, 
 is located just outside the city limits. 
 There are four very large buildings 
 constructed so as to form a half circle, 
 and here are being educated some 
 for himdred Indian girls and boys, 
 from about forty different tribes. It 
 is an industrial school, and all must 
 work at some trade a half day and 
 go to school the other half. The 
 boys are uniformed and the six 
 companies form the Haskell Institute 
 Battalion, which, headed by then- 
 band of Indian boys, makes an impos- 
 ing appearance. Man)^ visitors go out 
 to the school to witness then.- weekly 
 driU$. 
 
LEAVENWORTH, Ks. 
 
 in the State, 
 
 is the oldest city- 
 population 18,800. 
 
 It is one of the termini of the Union 
 Pacific; the Missoui-i Pacific and other 
 railroads have stations here. 
 
 The city is situated on a high 
 plateau on the .west bank of the 
 Missouri River, twenty-five miles 
 above Kansas City, the site is rolling, 
 and furnishes a perfectly natural 
 s}^stem of drainage. 
 
 The smToundings are more than 
 ordinarily picturesque. Fort Leaven- 
 worth is one of the most magnificent 
 militai-y posts m the country, and 
 located there are the military prison 
 and officers' 'School of Occupation". 
 "Sheridan's Ride", a lovely bit of 
 winding road which creeps around 
 the cresl of the hills to the north of 
 the Fort, was named in honor of 
 gallant Phil when he was command- 
 ant of the post. There are num- 
 berless walks and drives in the 
 spacious grounds of the Soldier's 
 Home, located south of the city, 
 where 1,200 veterans find sumptuous 
 quarters. The subsistence depart- 
 ment, one of the most important at 
 the post, has charge of all the 
 necessary stores for the Department 
 of Missoiuri. The amount of rations 
 issued thi-ough the post is about 
 80,000,000 poimds a year. 
 
 But there are advantages beyond 
 pretty scenery. Leavenworth is situ- 
 ated in an exceedingly rich agiicul- 
 tural district; wheat and corn axe 
 produced in great abundance, and 
 cattle-raising forms a very large item 
 among the products of this section. 
 It is not generally known that this 
 modest, conservative city contains 
 the thii'd lai-gest stove manufactory 
 in the United States, or that she 
 stands in the center of twenty-five 
 miles squai-e of coal. Experts estimate 
 that the city is actually located on a 
 siurface covering 28,000,000,000 bush- 
 els of coal! There are three shafts 
 now being operated quite close to 
 the city, and these are dry and free 
 from gas. 
 
 There ai-e 110 manufactories in 
 Leavenworth — immense works for the 
 making of mill machinery, steam 
 engines, bridge and iron work, and 
 
 laa 
 
 all prospering. There seems to be 
 no question as to the healthfulness 
 of the climate or the very great 
 natural advantages of Leavenworth 
 as a manufacturing center. 
 
 MANHATTAN, Ks. 
 
 Is the seat Of Riley county. Settled 
 in 1854 by a colony of Ohio "pilgrims", 
 who pm-chased a small steamboat at 
 Cincinnati, steamed down the Ohio 
 river, and up the Mississippi, Missouri 
 and Kansas rivers to this place, 
 where they settled in wdiat was then 
 a wild Indian country, living on their 
 boat until buildings could be erected. 
 The evidences of their enterprise 
 and thrift can be seen on all sides. 
 Manhattan has 3,100 inhabitants and 
 is 44 miles from Topeka. 
 
 The Agricultural College of the 
 state of Kansas, and a kind of 
 experimental farm, is located at 
 Manhattan. Congress, in its benev- 
 olent wisdom, endowed this college 
 with a land grant of 81,000 acres, 
 most of which has been sold, realizing 
 nearly half a milUon of dollars. The 
 institution has 400 acres fencpd and 
 cultivated; the greater portion is in 
 vines and orchards of fruit of dif- 
 ferent varieties. 
 
 Connections: Union Pacific ; Atchi- 
 son, Topeka and Santa Fe; and 
 Chicago, Kansas Nebraska Railroads. 
 
 MC. PHERSON, Ks. 
 Population, 3,200; from SalLna 
 36 miles on the Salina Br£mch of 
 the U. P. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, Ks. 
 Pop. 2,300; 23 miles from Solomon 
 on the Solomon Branch of the U. P. 
 
 NEWTON, Ks. 
 
 Population, 5.605. County seat of 
 Haivey coimty. It is a junction 
 point on the Missouri Pacific and 
 Atchison railroads. 
 
 Among the prominent industries 
 of the city may be mentioned the 
 roller mills, with a capacity of from 
 300 to 400 barrels per day; the cor- 
 nice works and the carriage and 
 buggy works, specimens of their 
 handiwork being met with all over 
 the West as far as the Pacific Ocezm. 
 Bethel College is located here. 
 
OGDENSBURG, Ks. 
 
 I/ittle town 55 miles from Topeka 
 is of historic interest in the aimals 
 of the state, as being the place where 
 the first territorial legislature, 
 convened by Gov. Reeder, met to 
 "save the country." 
 
 The place was settled in 1856. 
 
 Fort Riley. — Is both a raikoad 
 station and a government post, five 
 miles beyond Ogdensburg. The 
 station is for the fort, which is 
 situated to the right, upon a high 
 plateau; established in 1852, in 
 latitude 39» north, 96" 30' west. The 
 post was first known as "Camp 
 Center," being situated in the 
 geographical center of the United 
 States. The post is the headquarters 
 of the Seventh cavalry. 
 
 OSAWATOMIE, Ks. 
 
 Population, 2,662. The Kansas 
 State Insane Asylum is located at 
 this place. It is a magnificent structure, 
 has over five hundred inmates, and 
 gives employment to over eighty 
 officers and attendants. 
 
 Natural gas has been developed 
 by the Pennsylvania Gas and Mining 
 Company. Several wells have been 
 put down, and at a depth of four 
 hundred feet a splendid flow, has 
 been found, which is of sufficient 
 quantity that the cit)'' and also the 
 asylum are supplied with fuel. 
 
 OTTAWA, Ks. 
 Population, 6000. The Missouri 
 Pacific has large establishments here, 
 including a Railway Hospital. There 
 are various manufacturing enterprises 
 such as an oil and paint mill of fair 
 capacity; three gram elevators, two 
 foundries, . two planiag mUls, and a 
 soap factory. "Forest Park" is' the 
 pride of the city. It is splendidly 
 improved, and fitted up with build- 
 ings of various kinds, wherein are 
 held the county fair and the widely 
 known Chautauqua Assembly. 
 
 RUSSELL, Ks. 
 Population, 1,800; from Salina, 
 77 imles; elevation 1,765 feet. Is 
 the seat of Russell county, settled 
 in 1871, by a colony from Ripon, 
 Wisconsin. It is situated about four 
 
 miles south oi the south bend of 
 Salina river, surrounded by rich 
 lands, well settled and cultivated. 
 
 The Victoria colony is located 
 16 miles west of Russell. Established 
 by the late Mr. George Grant, a 
 wealthy Scotchman, who bought 
 30.000 acres of the railroad lands, 
 sold a portion to the colony settlers 
 and re.tained a large estate lor 
 himself. The lands have a rich soU, 
 are easy to cultivate, and produce 
 an abundant harvest. 
 
 The town and vicinity contains a 
 population of about 1,200, the com- 
 fortable homes dotting the landscape 
 in every direction, surrounded by 
 well-tilled fields, horses, cattle and 
 sheep. 
 
 SALINA Ks. 
 
 Pop., 6,500; from Kansas City, 
 186 miles; elevation, 1,163 feet. Is 
 the seat of Salina county; settled in 
 1858. The surroundings are princip- 
 ally agricultural— wheat, corn, hay 
 and general farm products. There 
 are a few small herds of cattle and 
 sheep in the bounty, and sorae exten- 
 sive quarries of gypsum and fire and 
 potters' clay; also several salt springs 
 that are being volatilized for the 
 production of salt; cottonwood, oak 
 ash, elm and box-elder, skirt all the 
 streams. Farmers are planting black 
 walnuts in large quantities. The 
 town contains several large grain 
 elevatorSjlargebusiness blocks, hotels, 
 newspapers and stores and shops of 
 all kinds. The Salina river is crossed 
 just before reaching Salina. 
 
 Salina is proud of her schools and 
 colleges. The Normal University, 
 the Kansas Wesleyan, controlled by 
 the Methodist denomination, the St. 
 John Military Institute, are all located 
 here. 
 
 Railroads: U. P.; M. P.; A. T. 
 and S. F.; C, K. and N. 
 
 SALOMON, Ks. 
 Pop. 2,100; from Abilene, nine 
 miles; elevation, 1,111 feet. Is 
 situated near the junction of Salomon 
 and Smoky Hill rivers, in the midst 
 of a fine agricultural section of 
 country. Corn and wheat are the 
 principal staples. Railroads; U. G. ' 
 A. T. & St. F.; C. K. &U, 
 
 139 
 
ST. MARY'S, Ks. 
 
 Pop. 2,800; from Topeka, 15 miles 
 on the Kansas Pacific R. R. is an 
 important place in some respects. 
 The Jesuit Fathers visited this place 
 nearly 50 years ago and established 
 mission schools among the Indians. 
 More recently they erected here large 
 educational institutions. One for 
 females is known as "The Seminary 
 of the Sacred Heart." The building 
 is to the north of the raikoad, is of 
 brick with stone trimmings, 100 feet 
 front and fom- stories in height, 
 completed in 1871. The college for 
 males is adjoining, and can 
 accommodate 1,300 students. 
 
 The country is thickly settled 
 ai'ound about. Corn is the principal 
 crop, though much wheat and 
 vegetables are raised. 
 
 TOPEKA, Ks. 
 
 is the Capital of the State of Kansas 
 and County seat of Shamiee county. 
 — Foiir great Railroad systems enter 
 the city : The Kansas Pacific, Missom-i 
 Pacific, A. T. & St. Fe and C. K. & N. 
 Population 31,000. — It is the most 
 important milluig center west of 
 St. Louis. 
 
 The United States Court House, 
 Pension Office and Post Office Build- 
 ing, erected in 1882, at a cost of 
 $ 300,000, occupies a prominent 
 corner in the business center of the 
 city. 
 
 The new State Capitol is an 
 imposing structm-e of native stone, 
 standing within a very pretty 
 miniature park. In another corner of 
 the park is the handsome public 
 library building, already well filled 
 with library treasm-es. 
 
 The principal streets are from 
 eightj to one hundred and thirty feet 
 in width, and the residence streets 
 are beautifully pai'ked and shaded. 
 Ten miles of street are paved with 
 asphalt, stone, cedar blocks, and 
 vitrified brick. 
 
 The State Asylum for the Insane 
 is located west of the city, on 
 spacious grounds, and occupies five 
 immense buildings, recently erected, 
 with all modern improvements. 
 
 The State Reform School is locateri 
 Oft a fine fairo of one hundred and 
 
 sixty acres, north of the city, Juid 
 has four large buildings with 
 accommodations for two hundred 
 boys. 
 
 There are over one hundred churcn 
 organizations in the city, occupy- 
 ing forty-eight church edimces. Many 
 of these are magnificent structures, 
 and the church property, is valued 
 at $632,000. The bishops of the 
 Methodist Episcopal and Episcopal 
 churches reside here, and preparations 
 are made for the construction of an 
 Episcopal Cathedral to cost $250,000. 
 
 The Topeka Free Public Library 
 occupies a beautiful building on the 
 State House grounds, erected for its 
 special use at a cost of $50,000. It 
 contains over 10,000 volumes. 
 
 State Library, owned by the Statq 
 of Kansas, is one of the largest and 
 best in the country, and is open tc 
 all dm-ing business hours. 
 
 Library of the State Historical 
 Society is also kept in the State 
 House. It contains 35,000 volumes, 
 and is particularly rich in historical 
 works. 
 
 Topeka has a large number of 
 manufactming and industrial establish- 
 ments, although not dependent on 
 water-power ; it has also an excellent 
 system of electric street railways. 
 Its flour mills and elevators do a 
 fine business. 
 
 The city is provided with water- 
 works, gas-works, and electric lights. 
 The handsome State Fair Grounds, 
 two miles to the southwest, are con- 
 nected with the city by electric and 
 horse railroads. 
 
 Topeka is clean, well drained, and 
 a healthy city. The climate is 
 salubrious, and with the natural 
 location and splendid sewer system, 
 perfect drainage is obtained. 
 
 The city is well supplied with 
 hotels. 
 
 There are 86 daily and weekly 
 newspapers in Topeka. 
 
 WALLAS, Ks. 
 
 Population, 300; from Wa-Keeney, 
 99 miles; Denver, 219 miles; ele- 
 vation, 3,286 feet. Is the seat of 
 Wallace county, situated on the 
 Smoky Hill river, and a rolling 
 jnairie, two miles northwest of Fort 
 
 140 
 
Wallace, which was established here 
 111 1866. 
 
 Time changes here from "Central" 
 to "Western". 
 
 WAMEGO, Ks. 
 Pop. 2,000. From Topeka 28 miles 
 on the K. P., a thrifty town, situated 
 in the midst of a section of country 
 well watered by small streams; it is 
 thickly settled. 
 
 WICHITA, Ks. 
 
 The county seat of Sedgwick 
 county, population, 23,850. 
 
 Wichita is one of the best railroad 
 points in Kansas. It has no less 
 than ten lines running to all points 
 of the compass. The Missouri Pacific 
 system gives her direct connection 
 to Kansas City, thence east and 
 north; also with Denver, Colo. It 
 has likewise a line running into the 
 southwestern part of the State. 
 
 The stock j^ards are now doing a 
 fine, steady business. These yards 
 were first opened in 1887. They 
 had hardly got started when they 
 were burned out on the 18 th day 
 of October. On the 1st day. of 
 November, 1888, they were again 
 opened. They cover sixty acres of 
 ground — fourteen acres under shed- 
 ding. They have a capacity for 
 5,000 cattle and 10,000 hogs. They 
 havel25 hj^drants. The capital stock, 
 $600,000, is all owned in Wichita. 
 
 Wichita has every advantage of 
 locati on. It is situated on the east 
 bank of the Arkansas river, near the 
 
 1 'unction of that stream with the 
 kittle Arkansas, in the finest valley 
 west of the Mississippi. 
 
 There are eighteen public schools, 
 including a high school. 
 
 Wichita is located in the bosom 
 of the gxeat Arkansas valley, better 
 known as the Happy valley, fifty 
 
 miles north of the Indian Territory 
 line and two hundred miles west of 
 any other city. By her fortunate 
 location she holds the key to the 
 trade of the great Southwest. 
 
 The city is lighted by electricity 
 and gas, has a good sewerage system 
 and telephone service. 
 
 WINFIELD, Ks. 
 
 Population, 5,184. Situated on an 
 elevated plateau, in a rich agricul- 
 tural county, Winfield commands the 
 trade of a wide district, and is 
 steadily advancing in commercial 
 importance. Nine railroads center 
 here. The city has all the modern 
 conveniences^ — gas, water works, elec- 
 tric lights, street railways, etc. — and 
 is especially well provided with 
 educational facilities in the Southwest 
 M. E. College and well conducted 
 public schools. Here meets each 
 year, in one of the most beautiful 
 parks, the Chautauqua Assembty. 
 AI the religious denomiaations are 
 represented and have commodious 
 places of worship. In addition to the 
 various manufacturing entei"prises, 
 a source of wealth is connected with 
 the stone interest. The magnesia 
 limestone, which is here in unlimited 
 abundance, is pronounced the best 
 for building and other purposes of 
 any in the State. It is obtamed with 
 little labor and shipped to all poiaits. 
 Wiafield is ornamented with it in 
 her palatial buildings, and over 
 seventy miles of flagging has been 
 used in laying sidewalks. The Walnut 
 river, upon which the exellent water 
 works system is located, fm-nishes 
 power to run a vast quantity of 
 machinery and is a clear stream 
 abounding in excellent food fish of 
 various kmds. By this stream the 
 city is fm-nished with perfect drainage. 
 
 141 
 
KENTUCKY. 
 
 The first visit of Daniel Boone 
 and his companions to the wilder- 
 ness of Kentucky was about the year 
 1769, at which period the earliest 
 settlement was made at Boones- 
 borough. In 1776 Kentucky became 
 a county of Vu-ginia. A memorable 
 battle was fought near the Blue 
 Lick Springs, August 19., 1782, be- 
 tween the Kentuckians and the Ind- 
 ians — an unequal and disastrous 
 conflict, in which the colonists were 
 routed, with a loss of 60 men, among 
 them a son of the gallant Boone. 
 In 1778, Du Quesne, with his Canad- 
 ian and Indian army, was bravely 
 repulsed at Boonesborough. Ken- 
 tucky came into the Union in 1792, 
 being the second state after the Re- 
 volution. The Kentuckians have al- 
 ways been a martial race. They 
 furnished for the War of 1812 three 
 U. S. Infantry regiments, besides 
 many regiments of hard- fighting 
 military. To the Mexican war they 
 sent 13,700 brave volunteers. Dur- 
 ing the Secession movement Ken- 
 tucky at first stood aside, endeavor- 
 ing to remain an armed neutral 
 State, mediating between the com- 
 batants. She was a slave holding 
 conamunity, having the closest social 
 and business relations with the South. 
 but on the other hand her people 
 loved the Union. A large proportion 
 of the Kentuckians entered the arm- 
 ies, 91,000 of them fighting under 
 the Stars and Stripes, and 40,000 
 under the Stars and Bars. Dis- 
 regarding the Governor's profes- 
 sion of neutrahty, the Confederates 
 marched into the State. September 
 
 3., 1861 and the Federals September 
 7., and for years after Kentucky 
 became again "the Dai-k and Bloody 
 Ground". 
 
 The population of Kentucky was 
 in 1860: 1,155,684 
 „ 1890: 1,858,635. 
 
 About one sixth of the population 
 is colored. 
 
 Kentucky lies between 36" 30' and 
 39° 6' north latitude and between 
 82" 3' and 89" 26' west longitude. 
 The name means "The Dark and 
 Bloody Ground". 
 
 THE KENTUCKY-RIVER SYSTEM. 
 
 Kentucky is peculiarly blessed by 
 its rivers, rising in the great Cumb- 
 erland range, and passmg through 
 narrow canons and deep glens for 
 many leagues, overlooked by cas- 
 tellated and cavernous rocks, and a 
 rich vegetation of almost tropical 
 luxuriance. The streams abound in 
 eatable fish. 
 
 The Mississippi flows along the 
 western frontier for 80 miles, the 
 avenue of a mighty commerce, but 
 with no important Kentuckian ports. 
 
 The Ohio river forms the entire 
 northern boundary of Kentucky; 
 thus giving her, with the aid of the 
 many streams which come from the 
 interior of the State into these great 
 highways, the greatest possible fac- 
 ilities for the transportation of her 
 staples to all markets. 
 
 The Kentticky River, like most 
 of the streams here, is remarkable 
 for picturesque beauty; its passage, 
 in a course of 200 miles, north- 
 west, to the Ohio, is often through 
 
 142 
 
bold limestone ledges, ranged on 
 either side of the narrow dark chan- 
 nel in grand perpendicular cliffs. 
 
 The Cumberland River is one of 
 the largest of the tributaries of the 
 Ohio. It has its source in the Cum- 
 berland Mountains, in 'the south-east 
 corner of the State, and flows 600 
 miles, making a bend into Ten- 
 nessee, and then traversing western 
 Kentucky. 
 
 The LickinfC River flows from the 
 Cumberland Mountains, 200 miles, 
 into the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati. 
 
 Green River is about 300 miles 
 in length. It rises in the eastern 
 section of the State, and flows west- 
 ward for some 150 miles , through 
 the limestone regions and by the 
 Mammoth Cave, finally entering the 
 Ohio, nine miles above Evansville in 
 Indiana. 
 
 Salt River, named in token of the 
 Salt Springs which abound in its 
 vicinity, enters the Ohio 22 miles 
 below Louisville. 
 
 The Tennessee River rises among 
 the Cumberland Mountains of Eastern 
 Kentucky, and flows 70 miles within 
 the limits of this State. 
 
 MAMMOTH CAVE, Ky. 
 
 Many and varied as are the 
 natural beauties and wonders in 
 Kentucky, the most strange and 
 magnificent of them all remains' yet 
 to be seen in the social halls and 
 chambers of the famous Mammoth 
 Cave.. At Glasgow Junction, 91 mis. 
 From Louisviue, all trains make 
 connection with the Mammoth Cave 
 R. R., running to the Mammoth Cave, 
 9 mis. distant, and allow a "stop 
 over" to visitors. At the Mammoth 
 Cave Hotel, near the cave entrance, 
 guides, boats, etc., can be procured. 
 
 After exploring the ante-chambers 
 and the Audubon Avenue, which is 
 a mile in length, 50 or 60 feet high, 
 and as many wide, we return and 
 pass through the vestibule for a 
 second time, entering the main cave 
 or Grand Gallery, a mighty timnel 
 of many miles extent. The Kentucky 
 Cliffs passed, we descend some 20 
 feet to the Church. This is a grand 
 apartment, 100 feet in diameter, with 
 a roof formed of one solid seamless 
 rock, suspended 63 feet overhead. 
 
 Nature has supplied these solemn 
 halls with a natural pulpit, and a 
 recess where a mighty organ and a 
 countless choir could be placed. 
 Religious services have been perform- 
 ed m the dim religious light of 
 torches, under this magnificent roof. 
 The Gothic Avenue is reached by a 
 detour from the main cave, and a 
 descent of some 30 feet. It is two 
 miles in length, 40 feet wide and 15 
 feet high. This place was once 
 called the Haunted Chamber. Louisa's 
 Bower, Vulcan's Furnace, and the 
 new and old Register Rooms, are 
 now passed in succession. The 
 Gothic Chapel rivals all the marvels 
 of the highest and nicest art, in the 
 strength, beauty and proportions of 
 its grand columns, and its exquisite 
 ornamentation. The Devil's Arm 
 Chair is a large stalagmite pillar, in 
 the center of which is a spacious 
 seat, grand enough for the gods. 
 After passing numerous other stalac- 
 tites and stalagmites, we look, in 
 succession, at Napoleon's Breast 
 Work, the Elephant's Head, and the 
 Lover's Leap. This last scene is a 
 large pointed rock, more than 90 
 feet above the floor, and projecting 
 into a grand rotunda. 
 
 Just below the Lover's Leap, a 
 detour may be made to the lower 
 branch of the Gothic Avenue, at the 
 entrance of which we may see an 
 immense flat rock, called Gatewood's 
 Dining Room; and to the right, a 
 beautiful basin of water, named the 
 Coolmg Tub. Beyond is Flint Pit. 
 Still pursuing our detour, we pass, 
 one after the other, Napoleon's Dome, 
 the Cinder Banks, the Crystal Pool, 
 the Salts Cave, and a wonderful 
 place, still beyond, called Annetti's 
 Dome, through a crevice of which a 
 waterfall comes. 
 
 Reentering the main Cave or the 
 Grand Avenue, we arrive, soon, at 
 the Ball Room, where Nature has 
 provided every necessary fittin"- of 
 gallery and orchestra. Willie's 
 Spring has its pleasant story, which 
 wiU delight the wondering visitor 
 imtil he is called upon for astonish- 
 ment at the sight of the great rock, 
 known, as the Giant's Coffin. 
 
 Here begin the incrustations, ever 
 varied in form and character, which 
 
 143 
 
are so much the delight of all visitors. 
 The Giant's Coffin passed, we sweep 
 round with the Great Bend. Op- 
 posite is the Sick Room. Hereabouts 
 there is a row of cabins for consump- 
 tive patients. 
 
 The Star Chamber is a splendid 
 hall, with perpendicular arches on 
 each side, and a flat roof. The side 
 rocks ore of a light color, and are 
 strongly relieved against the dark 
 ceiling, which is covered with 
 countless sparkling substances, resem- 
 bling stcirs. 
 
 The Cross Room has a ceiling of 
 170 ft. span, and not even a single 
 pillar to uphold it. The Black Cham- 
 ber contains ruins which remind us 
 of old baronial castle waUs and 
 towers. Through the Big Chimneys 
 we ascend into an upper room, about 
 the size of the main cave. Here are 
 heard the plaintive whispers of a 
 distant water fall; as we come 
 nearer, the soxmd swells into a 
 grand roar, and we are close to the 
 cataract. To enter the place called 
 the Solitary Chambers, by the way 
 of the Humble Chute, we have to 
 crawl upon our hands and knees for 
 15 or 18 feet beneath a low arch. 
 Here is the Fairy Grotto, the 
 character of which admii-ably realizes 
 the promise of its name. The Chief 
 City or Temple, is an immense vault 
 2 acres in area, covered by a solid 
 rocky dome, 120 ft. high, other 
 localities, in the dii"ect passage of the 
 cave, as in some of the many detours, 
 are appropriately named the Steeps 
 of Time, the Covered Pit, the Side 
 Saddle, and the Bottomless Pit; the 
 Labyrinth, the Dead Sea, the Bandit's 
 Hall, and the River Styx, and the 
 Rocky Mountains. Indeed, the entire 
 nomenclature of the crowding ob- 
 jects rich and strange, would fill a 
 volume. The visitor must put himself 
 trader the guidance of ''Stephan," 
 the immortal Prospero of the place, 
 and see and hear all and all about, 
 every thing for himself. 
 
 No more serious accident, it is 
 said, than an occasional stumble, has 
 ever been known to occur. Colds, 
 instead of being contracted, are 
 more often cured by the visit. No- 
 where is the air in the slightest degree 
 impure. So free is the cave from 
 
 reptiles of every kind, that St. Patrick 
 imght be supposd to have exerted 
 his fabled annihilating power in its 
 favor. Combustion is every where 
 perfect. No decomposition is met 
 with. The waters of the springs 
 and rivers of the cave are habituallj 
 fresh and pure. The temperature is 
 equable at all seasons at 59" Fahren- 
 heit. 
 
 Thus, no one need, through einy 
 apprehension, deny himself the novel 
 deltght of a ramble along the 226 
 avenues, under the 47 domes, by the 
 8 cataracts, the 23 pits, and the 
 "thousand and one" marvellous 
 scenes and objects of this magnificent 
 and most matchless Cave. 
 
 The Msimmoth Cave was discov- 
 ered in 1809, by a hunter in pur- 
 suit of a bear, and has for many 
 yeai^s attracted visitors of all coun- 
 tries. 
 
 KENTUCKY 
 MINERAL SPRINGS, Ky. 
 
 The mineral springs of Kentucky 
 have been famous resorts for health- 
 seekers during more than half a 
 century. 
 
 The Blue Lick Springs is a water- 
 ing place of high repute, on the 
 Lickmg River, in Nicholas County. 
 Easily reached by stage from Pans, 
 a station on the Covington and 
 Lexington Railway, 19 miles from 
 Lexington; 80 miles from Coving- 
 ton, opposite Cincinnati. These 
 springs contain soda, magnesia, 
 lune, sulphuretted hydrogen, and 
 carbonic acid, in combination with 
 muriates and sulphates. 
 
 Drennon Springs (black and sedt 
 sulphur), are upon the banks of the 
 Kentucky, in Henry County. They 
 may be reached by steamboat from 
 Louisville. 
 
 Poplar Mountain Springs are 
 upon the Poplar Moimtain top, in 
 Clinton Coimty, four miles from 
 Albany. The scenery in this vicinage 
 is of remarkable beauty. Upon Indian 
 Creek, not far from the sprmgs, there 
 is a fine waterfall, of 90 feet perpen- 
 dicular descent. 
 
 The White Sulphur Springs are 
 in Grayson County, four miles from 
 Litchfield. They are very numerous 
 within a small area. 
 
 144 
 
The Tar and Breckenrid^White 
 Sulphur Springs are in Brecken- 
 ridge County, four miles from Clov- 
 erport. They are readily accessible 
 from the Ohio River. The Brecken- 
 ridge coal is found in this vicinity. 
 
 The Tar and Sulphur Springs 
 are upon Green River, in Davies 
 County, near the "Old Vernon Settle- 
 ments '. Thei^e are other springs of 
 reputation in this vicinity. 
 
 The Esculapia Springs, Chaly- 
 beate, and White Sulphur, are in a 
 beautiful valley of Lewis County. 
 
 The Fox and the Phillips' Springs 
 are in the abimdant spring region 
 of Fleming County. 
 
 The Lettonian Springs (sulphur), 
 are upon the Bank Lick Road, near 
 the Ohio River, and about four miles 
 from Covington. This is a pleasant 
 excursion point from Cincinnati. 
 
 The Parroquet Springs are near 
 SheppardsvUle, in "Bullitt County. 
 They are well-known saliae-sulphur 
 waters. 
 
 The Salt Licks are marshy glens 
 containing water from springs made 
 saline by flowing through salt-bear- 
 ing sandstone. Here the wild ani- 
 mals used to come to lick the salt, 
 and thousands of skeletons of ele- 
 phants and muskoxen, mastodons 
 and mammoths have been found 
 about these primeval mineral springs. 
 
 THE SINKHOLES OFKENTUCKY. 
 Of these curious cavities or de- 
 pressions in the surface of the ground, 
 known as sinks, remarkable examples 
 are found in Kentudgr. Sinking 
 Creek in Breckenridge County sud- 
 denly disappears, and is not seen 
 again within a distance of half a 
 dozen miles. Near Mumfordville, in 
 Harts, County, there is a strange 
 spring connected with a mill-pond, 
 the waters of which overflow the 
 dam every twenty-four hours, rising 
 12 or 15 inches, and receding to 
 their ordinary level with the pre- 
 cision of the tides. Six miles east 
 of the same town, there is a hole, 
 in form like an inverted cone, which 
 is 70 feet in diameter at the siurface, 
 and but 10 or 12 feet across, at a 
 depth of 25 or 30 feet. Stones cast 
 into this pit, give no indication of 
 touching the bottom. There is yet 
 
 another extraordinary sink in this 
 neighborhood, on the top of an 
 elevation, called Frenchman's Knob. 
 It has been descended by means of 
 a rope, 275 feet, but without finding 
 bottom. 
 
 COLUMBUS, Ky. 
 Near the mouth of the Ohio and 
 c6nnected by transfer, ferry-boats, 
 carrying trams, with Cairo, which 
 lies on the Mississippi, River 18 mis. 
 beyond. Columbus, once celebrated 
 as a fortress, is the chief Kentuckian 
 Mississippi river port, situated on 
 the slope of a high bluff, command- 
 ing the river for about five miles. 
 
 COVINGTON, Ky. 
 
 The second largest city of Ken- 
 tucky, having a population of about 
 40,000; on the Ohio, facing Cin- 
 cinnati, O., and connected with it 
 by the famous suspension bridge, 
 delightfully and advantageously situ- 
 ated like the metropolis of Ohio, to 
 which it owes its prosperity, as most 
 of the businessmen of Cincinnati 
 have here their costly residences. 
 Covington is built upon a broad and 
 beautiful plain, very much after the 
 topography of the great Ohio city 
 opposite, to which, indeed, it many 
 be regarded as suburb. 
 
 Railroads: Kentucky Central. 
 
 FRANKFORT, Ky. 
 
 The capital of Kentucky, on the 
 east bank of the Kentucky River, 
 60 miles above its entrance into the 
 Ohio, has a population of some 
 8.000. The site of the town is a 
 deep valley, surrounded by precipi- 
 tous hills. The State Capitol oc- 
 cupies an eminence, midway between 
 the i-iver and the upper end of the 
 valley. It is a fine structure, built 
 of marble quarried in the neigh- 
 borhood. Here, too, is the State 
 Penitentiary. 
 
 Railroads : Louisville & Nashville. 
 
 HARRODSBURG, Ky. 
 A town of over 3,000 people, and 
 the oldest settlement in Kentucky, 
 is upon an eminence near Salt River, 
 about 30 miles below Frankfort and 
 Lexington. Here is the seat of 
 Bacon College, and of a Military 
 Academy. Ihe greatest ^ttr^ction, 
 
 145 
 
however, of Harrodsburg, is its 
 celebrated miaeral springs, which 
 make it the most famous summer 
 resort of all the country round. 
 
 Railroads: Louisville, New Albany 
 & Chicago. 
 
 LEXINGTON, Ky. 
 
 The fourth largefet city of Kentucky. 
 99 mis. from Cincinnati, and 94 mis. 
 from Louisville, with about 22,000 
 inh. and the metropolis of the famous 
 Blue-Grass country. It was founded 
 in the year of the celebrated bat- 
 tle of Lexington, 1775, its settlers 
 gave it the name of the heroic 
 Massachusetts village. It is the seat 
 of the former Transylvania, now 
 Kentucky University, the first college 
 west of the Alleghanies, founded m 
 1780, at Danville, and moved to 
 Lexington in 1788. 
 
 Lexmgton is the greatest Horse- 
 market m the State. Horses are 
 sent from this favored region to 
 Australia and New Zealand, England 
 and France, Germany and Spain. 
 
 Railroads: Cincinnati, New Or- 
 leans & Texas Pacific; Kentucky 
 Central; Louisville, New Albany & 
 Chicago; Louisville & Nashville; 
 Newport News & Mississippi Valley. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, Ky. 
 
 Founded in 1778, by George 
 Rogers Clark, and named after 
 Louis XVI. of France, is the metro- 
 polis of Kentucky, with great and 
 lucrative manufactories and trading 
 enterprises. The Ohio descends here 
 26 feet in two miles, and steamboats 
 pass around these rapids by a canal, 
 built in 1826—31. This position, 
 where Grass Creek enters La Belle 
 Riviere, affords fine views from many 
 parts of the terrace elevation of 
 70 feet, facing the picturesque In- 
 diana Knobs, 
 
 Louisville had a score of inhabi- 
 tants 1780, 1,000 in 1810, 70,000 in 
 1860, and above 160,000 in 1890. 
 Since the war, "the Falls-City" has 
 become the chief railroad and steam- 
 boat gateway of the southwest; and 
 at the same time her annual product 
 of manufactured goods has risen 
 from $ 15,000,000 to $ 66,000,000. 
 
 By vote of the citizens, Aug. 4. 1890, 
 au act of the Legislature was ratified. 
 
 providing for the establishment of a 
 system of parks in ^nd adjacent to 
 the city. Ground for three such parks 
 was purchased, and improvements 
 begun under , the supervision of 
 Frederick L. Olmsted. 
 
 Tourists should visit Cave Hill 
 cemetery, with note-worthy monu- 
 ments, on an elevation from which 
 a very fine view of the metropolis 
 may be obtained. 
 
 The Louisville, Evansville & St. 
 Louis R. R. is a direct line between 
 Louisville and St, Louis (273 mis), 
 and between Louisville & Evansville 
 (122 mis). A double line of through 
 vestibule trains are run between these 
 points. Connection is made at Louis- 
 ville with the Louisville & Nashville 
 R. R. and the Queen Crescent-Route 
 for all points East and Southeast. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Fred J. Hummel, 804 W. Main St., 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 C. L. Monsch, Kentucky Trust 
 Co., Louisyille Ky. 
 
 MAYSVILLE, Ky. 
 
 A handsome, town nestled among 
 the hills with a population of some 
 6000 on the Ohio River 60 miles 
 above Cincinnati, and 60 miles north- 
 east of Lexington, from Cincinnati 
 by steamboat, founded in 1787. 
 Maysville is upon Limestone Creek, 
 whose n&me it formerly bore. The 
 position of the town is in the midst 
 of a varied hill landscape. It contains 
 several remarkable public buildings, 
 and some manufactories. 
 
 Railroads: Chesapeake & Ohio; 
 Kentucky Central. 
 
 NEWPORT, Ky. 
 
 A handsome and lively town of 
 Kentucky on the Ohio, facing Cin- 
 cinnati, and separated by the Licking 
 river from Covington, Ky., with a 
 population of more than 25,000. 
 It is delightfully and advantageously 
 situated, on an elevated plain com- 
 manding a fine view, and ornamented 
 and made attractive by shade trees. 
 In the city and its suburbs, James- 
 towTi and Brooklyn, are a number 
 of fine residences, its schools are 
 
 146 
 
noted for tteir excellence, and its 
 mercantile and manufacturing inter- 
 ests are of importance. Several 
 bridges across the Licking River 
 connect it with its twin cityCovington. 
 Railroads: Chesapeake & Ohio; 
 Louisville & Nashville. 
 
 PADUCAH, Ky. 
 (Population nealy 14,000), is upon 
 the Ohio, just below the mouth of 
 the Tennessee, 340 miles from Louis- 
 ville; 473 miles from Cincinnati. 
 
 Paducah bears the name of an tndiah 
 chief who once lived in the neighbor- 
 hood. 
 
 Reached by the Newport New5 & 
 Mississippi Valley R. R. 
 
 PARIS, Ky. 
 A wealthy and an attractive little 
 city, surrounded by the paddocks 
 of famous racers, on the Kentucky 
 Central R. R., 79 mis. from Coving- 
 ton, in the celebrated Blue Grass 
 country. 
 
 147 
 
LOUISIANA. 
 
 The Louisiana of the seventeenth 
 century extended from the AUegha- 
 nies to the Rocky Mountains, and 
 from the Rio Grande and the Gulf 
 to the dim regions which now con- 
 stitute British America. It was first 
 visited by Europeans in 1541. De 
 Soto, the Spanish adventurer, with 
 his followers, explored the coast west 
 of Florida to the Mississippi river 
 and beyond, and he visited the 
 country on both sides of the river 
 where now stands the city of New 
 Orleans. 
 
 In 1673, Father Marquette and his 
 Canadians, starting from Canada, 
 descended the great river from 
 Illinois to the mouth of the Arkansas. 
 The river was again descended by 
 La Salle in 1682, who took possession 
 of the country in the name of Louis 
 XIV., and for him named the land 
 Louisiana. 
 
 On the 26th of September, 1712, 
 the entire commerce of Louisiana, 
 with a considerable control in its 
 
 government, was granted to Anthony 
 rozat, an eminent French merchant. 
 The grant to Crozat, so magnificent 
 on paper, proved to be of but little 
 use to him and of no benefit to the 
 colony, and in 1718 he surrendered 
 the privilege. In the same year, on 
 the 6th of September, the charter 
 of the Western, or Mississippi, 
 Company was registered in the 
 parliament of Paris. The exclusive 
 commerce of Louisiana was granted 
 to it for twenty-five years, and a 
 monopoly of the beaver trade of 
 Canada, together with other extra- 
 ordinary privileges, and it entered 
 
 at once on its new domains. Bien- 
 ville was appointed governor of the 
 colony for the second time. He had 
 become satisfied that the chief city 
 of the colony should be situated on 
 the Mississippi River, and, therefore, 
 in 1718, New Orleans was founded. 
 
 The Western Company possessed 
 and controlled Louisiana some four- 
 teen years, when, finding the princi- 
 pality of little value, it surrendered 
 it in January, 1732. In 1763 occurred 
 an event which left a deep impression 
 on the history of Louisiana. On the 
 third of November of that year, 
 France, by a secret treaty, ceded to 
 Spain all that portion of Louisiana 
 which lay west of the Mississippi, 
 together with the city of New Orleans 
 and the island on which it stands. 
 The French inhabitants were aston- 
 ished when they found themselves 
 transferred to Spanish domination. 
 Some of them were even so rash 
 as to organize in resistance to the 
 cession, and finally, in 1766 ordered 
 away the Spanish governor, Antonio 
 di Viola. In 1769 Alexander O'Reilly, 
 the commandant of a large Spanish 
 force arrived and reduced the pro- 
 vince to actual possessions. The 
 colony grew slowly from this time 
 until the administration of Baron de 
 Carondelet, but under his manage- 
 ment, from 1792 to 1797, marked 
 improvements were made 
 
 On the first of October, 1800, a 
 treaty was concluded between France 
 and Spain, by which the latter 
 promised to restore to France the 
 province of Louisiana. France how- 
 ever, didnot receive formal possession 
 
 148 
 
tmtil November 30, 1802. fiutJ'rance 
 did not remain long in possession. 
 The cession to her had been procured 
 by Napoleon, and he did not deem 
 it pohtic to retain such a province. 
 In April, 1803, it was ceded to the 
 United States, and on the tenth of 
 March, 1804, the United States took 
 possession. The price paid was 
 60,000,000 francs, besides $3,750,000 
 for French spoliation claims. 
 
 In 1804, the territory of Orleans 
 was established by order of Congress. 
 The rest of the immense purchase 
 was at first erected iato the district 
 of Louisiana; then in 1805 into the 
 Territory of Louisiana, and in 1812 
 into the Territory of Missouri, At 
 the time of the American possession, 
 in 1803, Laussat, the French colonial 
 prefect declares that justice was then 
 administered "worse than in Turkey." 
 It was based, to a large extent, on 
 a draft of the Code Napoleon. By 
 act of Congress in November, 1811, 
 the inhabitant of the Territory were 
 authorized to form a constitution 
 with a view to the establishment of 
 a State government. The bill having 
 been passed, however, the constitu- 
 tion of 1812 was framed and adopted, 
 and on April 30, 1812, Congress 
 passed an act for the admission of 
 Louisiana into the Union. 
 
 Three months after this, war was 
 declared against England by the 
 United States. The contest continued 
 imtU the treaty of Ghent, December 
 24, 1814. But before the news of 
 peace could cross the ocean, a force 
 of 12,000 English soldiers, under 
 Sir John Packenham, landed in 
 Louisiana, and made an attack on 
 New Orleans, which was success- 
 fully resisted by General Jackson 
 with only 5,000 men, most of whom 
 were militia from Tennessee and 
 Kentucky. 
 
 The progress of the State from 
 this time until the outbreak of the 
 civil war was very rapid. Louisiana 
 had a large interest in slavery. On 
 account of the extensive cultivation 
 of cotton, rice and sugar, cane, and 
 the consequent demand for labor, 
 her slave population almost equaled 
 her white. At the. outbreak of the 
 war Louisiana promptly took a posi- 
 tion in favor of secession. Its 
 
 ordinance of secession from tte 
 Union was passed December 23, 
 1860, by a vote of 117 to ll3. On 
 March 21, 1861, the same convention 
 adopted the Confederate Constitu- 
 tion, without submitting it to the 
 people, and, in order to conform it 
 to their State Constitution, passed 
 amendments for that purpose. From 
 this time until the close of the war 
 the State Government was nominally 
 in the hands of the Confederates. 
 
 In April, 1862, Farragut's command . 
 entered the Mississippi river. He 
 succeeded in passing, and in silenc- 
 ing, Forts Jackson and St. Philip, 
 which defended the approaches to 
 New Orleans, and captured the city 
 on the 25th of April, 1862. By 
 July, 1863, aU the Confederate 
 strongholds on the Mississippi were 
 reduced, the towns captured, and the 
 river opened to navigation. In 1863, 
 General Banks brought the Attakapas 
 country into subjection to the United 
 States, and, in 1864, other excursions 
 into the region of the Red river 
 were made by him with but partial 
 success. 
 
 In April, 1864, a new constitution 
 was drawn up preparatory to the act 
 of readmission of the State into the 
 Union. This constitution was ratified 
 by the people in September, 1864. 
 Under this constitution officers of 
 the State were elected, but the 
 general government refused to recog- 
 nize the constitution. In December, 
 1867, another convention was called, 
 and its constitution was submitted 
 tQ the people to be voted upon accord- 
 ing to the provisions of that act. 
 This constitution was adopted March 
 6, 1868. Louisiana was again admitted 
 to the Union on condition of her 
 ratification of the fourteenth amend- 
 ment. This was done ou July 9, 
 1888, und on the 13 th of the same 
 month the government was trans- 
 ferred from the military to the civil 
 powers. 
 
 The State is 290 mUes from east 
 to west and 200 mUes from north to 
 south. The area is a superficies of 
 about 48,000 square miles, Louisiana 
 being in extent about equal to North 
 Carolina. It has 1,060 square miles 
 of land-locked bays, 1,700 square 
 miles of inland lakes and 540 of 
 
 iiO 
 
tiver surface, which leaves 45,420 
 square miles of land area for the 
 State. 
 
 The population of the State was 
 m 1890 1,115,000. 
 
 ALEXANDRIA, La. 
 
 Alexandria is the county seat or 
 capital of Rapides parish, in the 
 State of Louisiana. The town is 
 situated on the Red river, (one of 
 the noblest streams of the State), 
 and at the head of low water naviga- 
 tion. By river from New Orleans it 
 is three hundred and sixty miles, 
 and by rail, one hundred and ninety- 
 six miles. Communication to New 
 Orleans is by two trunk lines, both 
 of which are transcontinental systems : 
 The Texas aud Pacific, and the 
 Southern Pacific Railways. The town 
 is almost the exact geographical 
 center of the State. 
 
 The town has a population of 
 3,500, and is gxowing rapidly. Is 
 within seven miles of the center of 
 the State, and surrounded by very 
 rich and productive sugar, cotton, 
 fruit, stock and fine timber lands. 
 Alexandria has a central sugar 
 factory, cotton factory, carriage and 
 wagon factory, foundry and machine 
 shops, sash and blind factory, furni- 
 ture factory, cotton seed oU mill, 
 canning factory, wholesale houses, etc. 
 
 BATON, ROUGE, La. 
 
 The capital city of Louisiana is on 
 the Mississippi pleasantly situated on 
 the last bluff, descending the river, 
 it has a population of lO,500. It 
 contains a State House, a State 
 Prison, Arsenal, and the State 
 Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and 
 Blind. There are many quaint old 
 houses. 
 
 It is reached by the Louisville, 
 New Orleans and Texas R. R. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, La. 
 
 The principal city of Louisiana on 
 the Mississippi, 106 miles from the 
 Gulf of Mexico. It has about 250,000 
 inhabitants, of which V* colored. * 
 
 New Orleans is an important rail- 
 road center. The Southern Pacific; 
 Texas Pacific ; Louisville & Nashville ; 
 Illinois Central; Louisville, New 
 Orleans & Texas; New Orleans & 
 
 North Eastern; New Orleans &, 
 Southern have depots here. 
 
 Cars run through all the principal 
 streets. 
 
 Carriage charges are $ 1,00 per 
 hour. From depot to Hotels 50 cts. 
 each person. New Orleans is in 
 constant communication with Gretna, 
 Gouldsborough and Algiers on the 
 other side of the Mississippi by 
 Ferry-boats. 
 
 Regular steamboat service to all 
 points on the Mississippi, Mis- 
 souri and Ohio and to New York, 
 Boston, Key West, Cuba, Mexico, 
 England and Germany. 
 
 Theatres and amusements; the 
 French Opera House cor. Burbon 
 and Toulouse Sts. is fitted up in the 
 style of the Theatre Frangais, in 
 Paris; The Academy of Music and 
 the St. Charles Theatre in St. Charl- 
 es St. are also well appointed. The 
 Grand Opera House is in Canal St. 
 
 Esplanade and Rampart Sts., are 
 the principal promenades of the 
 French quarter. Splendid drives are 
 to Lake Pontchartrain and up St. 
 Charles Ave. through the residential 
 quarter, Audubon Park and Car- 
 rollton. The finest building of New 
 Orleans is undoubtedly the Custom 
 House; the chief business apartment, 
 called Marble Hall, is lighted by 50 
 windows; the Post Office occupies 
 the first floor of the building; the 
 whole structm-e is built of Quincy 
 granite brought from the Massa- 
 chusetts quarries. Another imposing 
 structure is the U. S. Branch Mint 
 at the cor. of Esplanade and Decatui" 
 Sts. At the intersection of St. Charl- 
 es and Lafayette Sts. stands the City 
 Hall, a most artistic building. 
 
 The City Library is on the op- 
 posite side of Lafayette Square. The 
 Court Houses are in Jackson Square 
 on the right and left of the Cathe- 
 dral; they were .constructed in the 
 last century. 
 
 The Criminal Court and Jail are 
 on Tulane Ave., the Howard Me- 
 morial Library is a handsome struc- 
 ture cor. Howard Ave. and Camp St. 
 
 Adjoining the Library is the An- 
 nex, occupied by the Louisiana His- 
 torical Association. The Young 
 Men's . Christian Association has 
 quarters in St. Charles St. The 
 
 150 
 
Masonic Hall cor. St. Charles and 
 Perdido Sts., and Odd Fellow's Hall 
 in Camp St. are imposing edifices. 
 The principal commercial buildings 
 are the Cotton Exchange in Caron- 
 delet St., the Sugar Exchange on the 
 Levee, foot of Bienville St., ttie Board 
 of Trade in Magazine St., and some 
 office buildings. Among the church 
 edifices the old Roman Catholic 
 Cathedral of St. Louis on the West- 
 side of Jackson Square is the most 
 interesting; the paintings on the 
 ceiling are by Canova and Rossi. 
 The Church of the Immaculate Con- 
 ception cor. Common and Baronne 
 Sts. is in Moorish style. St. Patrick's, 
 north of Lafayette Square, is a strik- 
 ing structure; it has a tower 190 
 feet high, modeled after that of the 
 Minster of York in England. The 
 First Presbyterian on Lafayette 
 Square, is a fine Gothic structure, 
 and the Temple Sinai in Carondelet 
 St. is the splendid Jewish synagogue. 
 One of the most interesting relics 
 of New Orleans is the old Ursuline 
 Convent in Chartres St., built in 1787. 
 It is now occupied by the archbishop 
 and is known as the "Archbishop's 
 Palace". The Chapelle St.Roch, in the 
 French quarter is worth a visit. 
 
 The principal educational instit- 
 ution is the Tulane University of 
 Louisiana, its splendid buildings ai-e 
 situated on St. Charles Ave. opposite 
 Audubon Park. 
 
 It was largely endowed by Paul 
 Tulane the fund being managed by 
 a Board of Administrators. The 
 buildings . are on a campus of 18 
 acres, and consist of a College of 
 Arts and Science, Physical Laborat- 
 ory, Chemical Laboratory, Mechanical 
 and Electrical Laboratories, Drawing 
 Rooms and Workshops, all having 
 the latest approved appliances. The 
 Medical Department of the Univers- 
 ity occupies the Richardson Memo- 
 rial Building on Canal St. The great 
 Charity Hospital, with its 700 beds 
 and 6,000 patients annually, is its 
 school of clinical instruction. The 
 Law Department of Tulane occupies 
 a building on the cor. of Dryades St. 
 and Tulane Ave. 
 
 Among the parks and squares the 
 most noteworthy^ ones are: Jackson 
 Square, iadorned with shrubbery and 
 
 beautiful trees. In the centre of the 
 park, stands an equestrian statue of 
 General Jackson. From the river ent- 
 rance to the square are seen the im- 
 posing Cathedral and courts of justice. 
 
 In the first district is Lafayette 
 Square, containing a splendid marble 
 statue of Franklin. The City Park 
 of about 150 acres is worth visiting. 
 Audubon Park is in St. Charles Ave.; 
 the great exposition of 1884 was 
 held here. Horticultm-al Hall offers 
 an exhibition of plants, and nearby 
 is a grove of moss-covered oaks, 
 which no visitor should fail to exam- 
 ine. A remarkable sight is the 
 French Market, which comprises se:v- 
 eral buildings on the Levee, near 
 Jackson Square. The best time to 
 visit it, is between 8 and 9 o'clock 
 on Sunday morning. 
 
 The commercial importance of 
 New Orleans is best illustrated by 
 a few statistical figures; it is the 
 largest cotton market in the world 
 next to Liverpool, receiving yearly 
 2,000,000 bales; it receives yearlv 
 2,000,000 bunches of bananas, 
 30,000,000 pounds Texan and Mex- 
 ican wool, 12,000,000 pounds of 
 hides, and has immense exports of 
 sugar, cotton, and rice. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 A. K. Miller & Co., 303 Caron- 
 delet St., New Orleans, La. 
 
 Frank J. Orfila, 213 Carondelet 
 St., New OrleanSj La. 
 
 SCHREVEPORT, La. 
 
 The metropolis of Northern Louisi-* 
 ana, situated on the Red River, 
 326 miles fiom New Orleans, via 
 the Texas & Pacific R.. R., it is an 
 enteiprising city with ,12,000 inab^ 
 itants, and stands in an alluvial valley 
 of unexcelled fertility, its chief 
 articles of export are cotton and 
 cattle. The city contains a handsome 
 Court House, some fine churches and 
 a number of factories. 
 
 Steam-boats ply regularly to Now 
 Orleans. < 
 
 151 
 
MAINE. 
 
 In 1604 and 1605 Maine was first 
 explored by Frenchmen; the territory 
 was first called Acadia. The earliest 
 settlement was made in 1607 by 
 English colonists. From 1652 to 
 1819 the territory was known as 
 "District of Maine" and governed by 
 Massachusetts. Maine was the tenth 
 State to enter the Union being 
 admitted in 1820. In the Civil War 
 the State of Maine furnished about 
 70,000 men to the federal army. 
 The area of Maine is 33,040 square 
 miles with a population of 661,086. 
 The most important industries are 
 the lumber industries, fisheries, 
 quarries, and cotton and woolen 
 manufactures. The production of 
 granite is also important. 
 
 AUBURN, Me, 
 Manufacturing town of 12,000 
 inhabitants on the Androscoggin river 
 reached by the Maine Central Rail- 
 road, 35 miles from Portland. 
 
 AUGUSTA, Me. 
 The capital of Maine, has 10,527 
 inhabitants, is situated on the 
 Kennebec river, 63 Miles from 
 Portland, near the mighty Kennebec- 
 Darams, from which the manufactories 
 derive their- waterpower. The prin- 
 cipal buildings are the magnificent 
 State House, built of granite; a 
 splendid view compensates the vis- 
 itor for his trouble on the cupola 
 of the State House. The Post Of- 
 fice, the Kennebec Arsenal and the 
 State Insane - Asylum. The city is 
 reached by the Maine Central 
 Railroad. 
 
 BANGOR,^ Me. 
 The third largest city in Maine, 
 
 19,103 inhabitants situated 137 miles 
 from Portland, on the Penobscot, at 
 the head of navigation, 60. miles 
 from the Atlantic Ocean. Bangor is 
 leading center of the lumber in- 
 dustry. To be reached by the 
 Maine Central Railroad. 
 
 BAR HA'RBOR (MOUNT DESERT 
 ISLAND), Me. 
 
 Beautiful mountains, rising abruptly 
 from the sea and sloping away again 
 heavily wooded, to the shores of a 
 placid lake in whose surface is 
 mirrored the encircling hills; precip- 
 itous cliffs and mighty crags, against 
 which the swelling ocean has dashed 
 into foam and mist its assaulting 
 billows for ages ; silent and shadowy 
 glens where the sweet voices of 
 nature are undisturbed, and the 
 illimitable sea, stretching far away 
 into fancy and imagination, are some 
 of the beauties and attractions of 
 this crowning glory of Maine's 
 matchless coast, this little Switzer- 
 land afloat, the pride and delight 
 of the northern seas, Mount Desert. 
 
 The prince of resorts located on 
 this island is Bar Harbor. Other 
 famous points in the vicinity are 
 Southwest Harbor, Northwest Harbor, 
 Sorrento, and Winter Harbor. Schoo- 
 ner Head, Great Head, Otter Cliffs, 
 Anemone Cave, The Ovens, Newport 
 Mountain. Eagle Lake, and Some 
 Sound offer daily diversions to visitors. 
 
 BATH, Me. 
 A town of 8723 inhabitants on 
 the Kennebec River, 12 miles from 
 the Ocean. The principal industry 
 is ship-building. To be reached by 
 the Maine Central. 
 
 152 
 
BELFAST, Me. 
 A prosperous maritime city of 
 5,300 iahabitants on Penobscot Bay. 
 It is reached by the Belfast division 
 of the Maine Central JR.. R. 
 
 BIDDEFORD, Me. 
 A thriving industrial to^Ti of 
 14,450 inhabitants on the Saco River 
 99 miles from Boston. 
 
 BOOTHBAY, Me. 
 
 The thriving- vUlage o'" Boothbay 
 lies along the rocksy hills at the 
 head of one of the finest harbors on 
 the Yankee coast, where sometimes 
 three or four hundred sails of fishing 
 vessels find shelter. 
 
 Shipbuilding and the deep-sea 
 fisheries were for many years the 
 support of this maritime people, 
 whose vessels visited every American 
 Atlantic port. 
 
 BRUNSWICK, Me. 
 
 A nice looking town of 6000 
 inhabitants on the Androscoggiu 
 River, 29 miles from Portland. The 
 river forms here three, water falls. 
 In Brunswick the famous Bowdoin 
 College is located, near the Railroad 
 Depot. The College's Gallery con- 
 tatas about 150 pictures, some by 
 Van Dyck, Rubens, Berchem,Brouwer, 
 Hondeweter, Hogarth, TenierS etc. 
 Mrs. Stowe, wrote here in 1851-52 
 Uncle Toms Cabin. 
 
 To be reached by the Maine Central 
 Railroad. 
 
 ELLSWORTH, Me. 
 A town of 5,000 inhabitants and 
 the county-seat of Hancock County. 
 The m.ost important buildings are 
 the Court House, the Custom House, 
 several banks and churches. It is 
 an important center of lumbering 
 and ship-building. To be reached 
 from Portland by the Maine Central. 
 
 GARDINER, Me. 
 Town of 5,500 inhabitants, 56 miles 
 from Portland, has important wood 
 and ice industries. Reached by the 
 Maine Central Railroad. 
 
 LEWISTON, Me. 
 The second largest city in the 
 
 State has 21,700 inhabitants aiid is 
 situated on the Androscoggin River, 
 36 miles from Portland on the Maine 
 Central R. R. It has important 
 cotton and woolen manufactories. In 
 the vicinity of the city are the build-' 
 ings of the Maine Agricultural 
 Society. 
 
 OLD ORCHARD, Me. 
 
 This old and popular watering- 
 place possesses one of the finest 
 beaches on the New England coast, 
 It is crescent-shaped, six miles long, 
 smooth and hard, and slopes with 
 a gentle inclination to the water, 
 furnishing a magnificent drive. 
 
 Old Orchard has an immense camp- 
 meeting ground, which is largely 
 attended during the summer months. ; 
 To be reached' by the Boston & 
 Maine R. R. 
 
 POLAND SPRINGS, Me. 
 
 The springs are> situated twenty- 
 five miles north of Portland, and ten 
 west of Lewiston, Me. 
 
 The fame of these .wonderful 
 waters has gone out over the world, 
 and hundreds of thousands of gallons 
 are shipped every year for home con- 
 sumption all over the land. The cura- 
 tive pov.^er of the water is universally 
 acknowledged. To be reached from 
 Boston by the, Boston & Maine R. R. 
 
 PORTLAND. Me. 
 
 Portland is the metropolis and 
 chief seaport of the Slate and has 
 36,425 inhabitants. The city is 
 situated on a hilly peninsula in Casco 
 Bay and has a deep and well protected 
 harbor. Its export to the West- 
 Indies and England is important. 
 Portland is often called the "Forest 
 City," because the streets are planted 
 with trees. . 
 
 The principal street is Congress 
 Street running through the entire 
 peninsula from the Western Promen- 
 ade on Bramhall's Hill to the Eastern 
 Promenade on Munjoy's Hill. On^ 
 Munjoy's Hill stands alookout offering 
 a splendid view over the city and 
 harbor, the White Mountains and 
 Sandwich Mts. In Congress Street 
 stands the City Hall, nearby in 
 Middle Street the Post Office. A 
 
 158 
 
verj'^ fine statue of Longfellow, who 
 was bom in Portland, stands on the 
 square formed by the crossing of 
 Congress and State streets. A War 
 monument, by Franklin Simmons, is 
 on Monument Square. Public build- 
 ings, worth enumerating, are the 
 Custom House, near the Boston 
 Steamboat Wharf;' the Maine Hist- 
 orical Society, the Public Library, 
 the Natural History Society and the 
 Marine Hospital. 
 
 Portland is 116 miles distant from 
 Boston by the Boston and Maine 
 Railroad. Steamers ply regularly 
 between the two cities and New 
 York. Cars run through the prin- 
 cipal streets to the Railroad Depots 
 and suburbs. 
 
 The surroundings of Portland are 
 beautiful. Excursion can be made 
 to Evergreen Cemetery 2V2 miles; 
 Falmouth Foreside 6 miles and to 
 Cape Elizabeth in the south of the 
 cit)r, where Cape Cottage Hotel, 3 
 miles, the Ocean Home, 8 miles 
 and the Twin Lighthouses are located. 
 Casco Bay contains hundreds of is- 
 lands with fine forests and many of 
 them ai^e summer residences, as 
 Cushing's Island, Peaks Island and 
 Little Chebeaque. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 T. P. Mc. Gcwaii, Portland, Maine. 
 
 RANGELEY LAKES, Me. 
 
 The Rangeley Lakes are situated 
 in the very heart of Maine's exten- 
 sive primeval forests. 
 
 The surrounding scenery is wild 
 and picturesque in the extreme. 
 
 The shores and surrounding moun- 
 tains abound with game, both large 
 and small. The lakes themselves 
 are a veritable paradise for anglers. 
 Thanks to the rigid laws of Maine, 
 neither fish nor game suffer deple- 
 tion, but are becoming more plen- 
 tiful every year. The Rangeley Lakes 
 are six m number, and bear such 
 euphonious names as Oquossoc. Um- 
 bagog, Cupsuptic, Mooselucmaguntic, 
 Molechunkamunk , and Welokenne- 
 
 bacook, while Lake Parmachenee is 
 but a short distance to the north 
 
 ROCKLAND, Me. 
 A town of 8,174 inhabitants on 
 Owl's Head Bay, an inlet of Penob- 
 scot Bay. Its chief industries are 
 ship building and limekilns. Rock- 
 land is the endstation of the Maine 
 Central Railroad, 86 miles from 
 Portland. Steamers run from Rock- 
 land to Boston, Portland Bangor, 
 Mt. Desert and the islands in Penob- 
 scot Bay. 
 
 SACO, Me. 
 An industrial town of 6075 inhab- 
 itants on the Saco River, 100 miles 
 from Boston, to be reached by the 
 Boston & Maine Railroad. 
 
 YORK BEACH, Me. 
 
 This famous old resort is situated 
 nine miles northeast of Portsmouth, 
 at the terminus of the York Harbor 
 & Beach Railroad. The beach 
 slopes gently from the cliifs behind, 
 and affords very fine bathing and 
 the best of fishing. Exquisite views 
 of the coast and sea are outspread 
 from the high cliffs which overlook 
 the haibor. 
 
 The railroad from Portsmouth to 
 the Beach passes through a portion 
 of the Kittery Navy Yard, Kitteiy 
 Point, York Harbor, and Long Beach. 
 
 YORK HARBOR, Me. 
 This beautiful harbor opens near 
 the mouth of York River, where the 
 singular rocky peninsula of Stage 
 Neck (or Fort Head) forces the 
 stream to bend away to the south- 
 ward, just before sweeping into the 
 sea. Upon this Nahant-like promon- 
 tory stands the great Marshall 
 House, with the ocean on one side, 
 and on the other the beautiful wind- 
 ing river, flowing between palegreen 
 meadows and darker forest, fertile 
 farms, and mined whai-ves. On the 
 outer side of the isthmus extends the 
 Beach of Short Sands, where the 
 perfection of bathing may be enjoyed. 
 To be reached by the, Boston & 
 Maine R. R. 
 
 154 
 
MARYLAND. 
 
 The name of Maryland was given 
 to the new Province "Terra Mariae" 
 by King Charles I of England, in 
 honor of his wife, Queen Heni'ietta 
 Maria. The district was part of the 
 large Dominion of Virginia, until 
 Sir Georg Calvert, the first Lord 
 Baltimore, the friend of the King, 
 who had heard that the northern 
 part of Virginia, beyond the Potomac, 
 was a very fertile country, secured 
 it for himself and his heirs, as a. 
 county palatine, with the first propri- 
 etary government in America, and 
 the most liberal privileges ever grant- 
 ed to a colony. The first Lord 
 Baltimore died, but his son, Leonard 
 Calvert, sailed from England with 
 200 colonists in 1633 and settled 
 first at St. Mary's, near Point 
 Lookout) in 1635. 
 
 The City of Baltimore was founded 
 in 1730, and the city of Frederick, 
 in the rich limestone plain near the 
 Catoctin Mountains, named for Lord 
 Baltimore's son, in 1745. 
 
 At the outbreak of the great Civil 
 War, Maryland, although a slave 
 State, refused to join in the Secession 
 movement and the Legislature voted 
 neutrality. But many friends of the 
 Confederates took an active part for 
 the South and made a bold attack 
 on the Union troops in Baltimore. 
 This was the first bloodshed of the 
 Civil War. During the years 1862 
 to 65 there were so manj battles 
 here that there is not sufficient room 
 to relate all about them. Only to be 
 mentioned are the bitter fights at 
 Front Royal, Va., between the First 
 Maryland Union Regiment and the 
 First ;^Iaryland Confederate Regiment 
 
 46,638 Marylanders served in the 
 U. S. Armies, aud about 12,000 in 
 the Confederate forces. 
 
 The population of Maryland was 
 in 1860: 687,049, in 1890: 1,042,390 
 (218,004, Colored). 
 
 Farming utilizes more than half 
 the soil of Maryland. Its farm- 
 products include nearly 16,000,000 
 bushels of corn, 6,000,000 of wheat, 
 2,000,000 of oats, 2,500,000 of pota- 
 toes, 300,000 tons of hay, and 
 28,000,000 pounds of tobacco. But 
 there are only a few cities, more 
 than four tenths of all the population 
 of the State living in the metropolis 
 of Baltimore. 
 
 ANNAPOLIS, Md. 
 
 The capital of Maryland; on the 
 Severn river, two miles alaove its 
 mouth, founded by New England 
 Puritans iu the middle of XVII th 
 century and first named Providence. 
 Afterwards the settlement received 
 the name of Anne Arundel's Town, 
 in honor of Lord Baltimore's wife, 
 the daughter of the Earl of Arundel, 
 and later of Annapolis. The city 
 has only 7,604 inhab., but is in- 
 teresting through its old church 
 and residences, but especially by 
 its State institution and the U. S. 
 Naval Academy. 
 
 The State House dates from 1773 
 and is a large brick structure of 
 graceful proportions, crowned by a 
 dome, and surrounded by pleasant 
 grounds. The State Treasury is a 
 venerable building near the State 
 House. 
 
 .155 
 
The State Librai^ contains 80,000 
 volumes. 
 
 TheUnited States Naval Academy for 
 250 cadet midshipmen and engineers, 
 occupies a group of commodious 
 buildings in a park of 50 acres, 
 fronting the Severn river. It was 
 founded iu 1845 by George Ban- 
 croft, then Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 The emerald green campus of 
 20 acres between College Av. and 
 College Creek, and near the Severn 
 River and the U. S. Naval Academy, 
 is the place of the celebrated St. 
 Johns College. 
 
 ALTAMONT, Md. 
 A summer -resort on the extreme 
 summit of the range, 2,620 feet 
 above the sea. 
 
 BALTIMORE, Md. 
 see page 158. 
 
 BAY RIDGE, Md. 
 The most popular summer-resort 
 of Maryland on the western shore 
 of the Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 BLUE MOUNTAIN, Md. 
 
 The Blue Mountain House is 
 located at Blue Mountain Station, in 
 the Blue Ridge Mountains, Wash- 
 ington County Md., seventy-two 
 miles west from Baltimore, and 
 fifteen miles east from Hagerstown, 
 on the main line of the Western 
 Maryland Railroad. The location is 
 a pectdiarly suitable one for summer 
 resorts, as it possesses not only a 
 lofty altitude, with its attendant 
 advantages, but is also surrounded 
 by a region of country famous for 
 the picturesqueness and beauty of 
 its scenery. The appointments of 
 the hotels are strictly first class in 
 every detail. The season opens in 
 June and closes in October. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsylvania 
 R. R. and Western Maryland R. R. 
 
 Chesapeake Bay. The largest 
 American inlet of the sea, chief 
 physical feature of Maryland and 
 is 200 mis. long and 12 to 20 mis. 
 wide, it is navigable for the 
 heaviest ships. Its name comes from 
 the Indian words "Gitchi Sipi" which 
 means "Great Water." The Potomac 
 
 and the Susquehanna empties into 
 the Bay. The latter, emptying 
 near the head of the bay navigable 
 only a few miles. The bay covers 
 2,835 square miles with more than 
 400 miles of coast line. The oyster- 
 beds have a great value and cover 
 immense areas in the estuaries emd 
 inlets. The Chesapeake oysters are 
 the finest known, and the yearly 
 product is 15,000,000 bushels, more 
 than half of which is shipped from 
 Cambridge and other places on the 
 Eastern shore. Nevertheless Bal- 
 timore is the leading oyster-packing 
 city of the world. 
 
 Voyas[e Down the Chesapeake. 
 From Baltimore to Norfolk, Vii-ginia, 
 at the lower extremity of the Chesa- 
 peake, is a pleasant journey. Good 
 steamers make it daily. It is a charm- 
 ing route, also, to Richmond, turning 
 at or near Norfolk, into the mourn 
 of the James River, and following 
 the many devious miles of those 
 winding and picturesque waters. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, Md. 
 
 Is situated on the East Shore, 
 some miles above the mouth of 
 Choptank River into Chesapeake 
 Bay. It is a flourishing city with 
 about 5,000 inh. mostly busy in the 
 oyster-trade. 
 
 CUMBERLAND, Md. 
 The second lai-gest city of Mary- 
 land, on the upper Potomac, between 
 Wills' Dan's and the Knobly Moun- 
 tains, and near the deep gorge of 
 the Narrows, The entrance to the 
 city is beautiful, and displays the 
 noble amphitheatre in which it lies 
 to great advantage. Cumberland is 
 the seat of large rolling-mills for the 
 manufacture of steel rails, glass-works 
 and a remarkable country - trade. 
 Cumberland has a population of 
 12,729. Tourists will have good 
 opportunity here to make round- 
 trips to the Alleghany Mountains, 
 by way of the Pennsylvania R. R., 
 and Green Spring, a pleasant place 
 on the Potomac river. 
 
 DEER-PARK, Md. 
 One of the most popular summer- 
 resorts in the mountain region, about 
 
 156 
 
2,500 feet above the sea, in the Al- 
 leghany mountains. 
 
 FREDERICK;- Md. 
 The fouith largest city in the 
 State, on Antletam Creek, a tributary, 
 of the Potomac, 60 mis. west 
 of Baltimore, where the mount- 
 ains begin with the long Catoctin 
 Range and the South Mountain. 
 Founded in 1745, it was situated on 
 the famous National Road, from 
 Baltimore to Ohio, constructed early 
 in this century, for a highway be- 
 tween the Ohio and tide-water. It 
 has now a population of 8193, is 
 busy in many trades and is- aided by 
 strong banks. The Institution for 
 the Education of the Deaf and Dumb 
 was opened here in 1868. 
 
 HAGERSTOWN, Md. ' 
 
 The capital of Washington County, 
 Md., lies on the Antietam Creek, a 
 tributary of the Potomac, 6 mis. 
 beyond Mason and Dixon's Line. 
 It is with its population of 10,119 
 (in 1890) the thud largest city in 
 Maryland. 
 
 HAVRE DE GRACE, Md. 
 On the mouth of the Susque- 
 hanna River at the head of Chesa- 
 peake Bay, is an old city of some 
 importance because of its coal-trade. 
 The bridge over the Susquehanna is 
 a remarkable work of American 
 engineering, it is 1^/* mis. long. 
 The population of Havre was 3,244 
 in 1890. 
 
 OAKLAND, Md. 
 A very popular summer-resort in 
 the Alleghany Mountains. 6 mis. 
 beyond Deer Park and 54 mis. west 
 of Cumberland. The town is nicely 
 laid out, and has a respectable 
 number of good frame houses. 
 
 OCEAN CITY, Md. 
 The leading sea-shore resort of 
 Maryland on the Atlantic Ocean. It 
 lies on the so-called Eastern Shore 
 that part of Maryland east or 
 Chesapeake Bay, which is for the 
 greatest part a fertile alluvial plain 
 of light sandy loam and clay, free 
 from stones, dotted with forests of 
 oak and chestnut, and traversed by 
 the estuaries of the Choptank, Poco- 
 moke, Nanticoke, Chester and Elk 
 rivers. 
 
 OXFORD, Md. 
 A sea -port, watering-place and 
 summer-resort on the eastern shore 
 of the Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 THE MARYLAND 
 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Md. 
 In Prince George County, 8 mis, 
 south of Washington, D. C., has a 
 farm of 286 acres, its buildings on 
 College HUl command a nice view. 
 Chartered in 1856 and opened in 
 1859, it is the second existing college 
 of agriculture founded in America. 
 
 TOLCHESTER BEACH, Md. 
 See, "Ocean City". 
 
 167 
 
BALTIMORE, Md. 
 
 The metropolis of Maryland has 
 several railway stations: 
 
 Camden Station on Camden near 
 Howard Streets is the local terminal 
 of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Union Station on North Charles 
 Street is the depot for the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad, the Northern Central, 
 the Philadelphia, Wilmington and 
 Baltimore, the Baltimore and Potomac 
 and the Western Maryland Railroads. 
 The Western Maryland has its main 
 depot on Hillen Street. The station 
 of the Baltimore and Lehigh Rail- 
 road coming from Long Green, 
 Belair, and York, Pa., is on North 
 Avenue. The Northern Central has 
 a station on Calvert Street. 
 
 Baltimore is 184 miles distant from 
 New York and 39 miles from Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 The city is also reached from the 
 towns of the Eastern Shore of 
 Maryland and from Philadelphia, 
 Boston and Savannah by numerous 
 steamboat lines, whose wharves line 
 Light street and the adjacent water 
 front. 
 
 The North German Lloyd runs 
 weekly a steamer direct from Bremen 
 to Baltimore. Its docks are on 
 Locust Point, which is connected by 
 ferry with the foot of Broadway. 
 
 The general Agents of the North 
 German Lloyd are Mess. A. Schu- 
 macher & Co. in South Gay Street. 
 
 The senior partner of the firm, 
 Mr. G. A. von Lingen, is the German 
 Consul. 
 
 For all banking trEmsactions Mtd- 
 dendorf, Oliver & Co., bankers and 
 brokers, No. 213 E. German St. 
 are to be recommended. 
 
 158 
 
 Conveyances: The street car system 
 of Baltimore is one • of the most 
 extensive in the country, affording 
 quick and easy access to eveiy section 
 of the city. Fares 5 cents for adults 
 and three cents for children. A 
 polite inquiry addressed to the first 
 policeman encountered will always 
 secure the quickest and best route. 
 
 Hansom, cabs, coupes and carriages 
 meet all important trains at the 
 depots. Fare to Hotel 25 cents each 
 person. The safest plan is to make 
 terms before engaging the vehicle. 
 
 Hotels: Hotel Rennert, corner of 
 Saratoga and Liberty Streets, is a 
 finely appointed house in the Center 
 of the City. Attentive service, veiy 
 good cuisine, excellent view from the 
 dome of the house. European plan 
 from $ 1.50 upwards strongly to be 
 recommended. 
 
 The Stajford, an other first class 
 hotel, finely appointed, located in 
 the most fashionable part of the city 
 
 Board and lodging can be secured 
 in private dwellings at moderate 
 rates in almost every section of the 
 city. 
 
 Restaurants: Rennert' s, corner 
 Saratoga and Liberty Streets; The 
 Sta^ord, restaurant of the hotel; 
 Woman's Industrial Exchange, corner 
 Charles and Pleasant Streets; Ditch's, 
 corner North Avenue and Charles 
 Street; Marshall's, corner of Calvert 
 and German Streets are for ladies 
 and gentlemen. 
 
 For gentlemen: Green House, on 
 Pratt near Charles Streets; Mullin's, 
 Liberty above Baltimore Streets; 
 Helley's, North Eutaw near Baltimore 
 Street. 
 
Lunch rooms and coffee houses, 
 ate found in numbers, in all the 
 principal streets. 
 
 Turkish Baths. The best Turkish 
 Baths in Baltimore are the Rowland 
 Turkish Baths ; for gentlemen in the 
 Equitable Building opposite the Post- 
 Office, for ladies , 320 Saratoga St. 
 near Eutaw. 
 
 Places of Amusement: The 
 Lyceum, on North Charles Street is 
 a finely appointed theatre. The 
 Academy of Music is a favorite 
 resort, moderate scale of prices. 
 Ford's Opera House on Fayette 
 near Eutaw is a very good theatre; 
 Holliday Street Theatre, opposite 
 the City Hall is in the eastern part 
 of the City; The Monumental in 
 East Baltimore Street is devoted to 
 the variety stage; The Auditorium- 
 in North Howard Street, melodrama. 
 The Front Street Theatre is the most 
 interesting from an historical point 
 of view. JDuring the winter season, 
 a regular course of Concerts and 
 recitals and semi-weekly lectures at 
 the Peabody Institute. 
 
 Reading-Rooms accessible to the 
 visitor upon request are : The Peabody 
 Institute, the Enoch Pratt Free 
 Library, on Mulberry near Cathedral 
 Streets ; the New Mercantile Library, 
 in Charles near Saratoga Streets; 
 the Maryland Historical Society, 
 Saratoga and St. Paul Streets ; Young 
 Men's Christian Association, corner 
 Charles and Saratoga Streets; Mary- 
 land Instittite Library, in Baltimore 
 and Hairison Streets. 
 
 The Peabody Institute and the 
 Maryland contain art collections, 
 open to the public. 
 
 DuringLent,7l^ William. T. Walters 
 throws open his matchless Art 
 Galleries, a nominal admission fee 
 being charged for the benefit of the 
 Poor Association. 
 
 A TOUR OF THE CITY, 
 
 To secure a general view of the 
 city's arrangement, suburbs and 
 harbor the visitor may go on the 
 top of Hotel Rennert or Washington 
 Monument. Starting out from ihe 
 last named point walk out to Mt. 
 Vernon Place and Monument Street 
 to Eutaw Street. Take the Madison 
 
 Avenue cable car and ride to North 
 Avenue. Walk over to Eutaw Place 
 and down through the squares to 
 Dolphin Street. Return to Mc Mechen 
 Street turning east to Charles Street. 
 Take the Blue Line car and ride 
 south to Calvert and Lexington Streets. 
 See Battle Monument, visit New 
 CourtBuildings, Post office, Equitable 
 Building, Law Building and City 
 Hall. Go down North Street to 
 Baltimore, thence west to Eutaw and 
 Washington Monument. 
 
 The shopping and retail centre of 
 the city is in Lexington and Baltimore 
 and Eutaw Streets. 
 
 POINTS OF INTEREST. 
 
 City Hall. The various depart- 
 ments and bureaus of the municipal 
 government are gathered together in 
 the City Hall, a beautiful and impos- 
 ing structure of white marble, located 
 in the central section of the city. It 
 is a fine specimen of Renaissance 
 architecture, and occupies the entire 
 block bounded by Holliday, North, 
 Fayette and Lexington Stre^ets. 
 
 Post- Office and Custom. Hotise 
 occupies the greater part of the block 
 bounded by Fayette, Lexington, 
 Calvert and North Streets and was 
 erected at a cost of over $ 2,000,000. 
 
 Baltimore has the title "the 
 Monumental City". This name is 
 not derived from the number of its 
 stone memorials, but from the fact, 
 that it was the first city in America 
 to erect a worthy tribute to the 
 memory of Georgb Washington. 
 
 Washington Monument is situated 
 at the intersection of Mount Vernon 
 Place and North Charles Street. It 
 is a graceful Doric column, built of 
 white marble. The base is 50 feet 
 square and 24 feet high; the height 
 of the column itself is 164 feet. 
 
 The shaft, surmounted by a 
 striking figure of Washington, the 
 work of Causisi, represents him in 
 the act of resigning his commission 
 at Annapolis. This statue is sixteen 
 leet high and weighs sixteen and a 
 half tons. The erection of the 
 memorial was due largely to private 
 initiative, the first steps having been 
 taken as early as 1809. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid July 4, 
 
 159 
 
1815. In 1827 the State of Mary. 
 land undertook the work and decided 
 that the insription upon it should 
 be expressive of the p^ratitude of 
 the State. A winding stairway, in 
 the interior of the Monument, leads 
 to a parapet at the top. The magnif- 
 icent view afforded of the ctiy, the 
 harbor and the surrounding country 
 amply repays the visitor for the 
 slight fee and ascent. 
 
 Bailie Monument is in Monument 
 Square in front of the Post Oftice. 
 It was erected in grateful commemora- 
 tion of the gallantry of citizens of 
 Baltimore who fell fighting at the 
 battle of North Point. The shaft 
 of the statue presents fasces, sym- 
 bolical of the Union. This is orna- 
 mented with bas-relief, one represent- 
 ing the battle of North Point and 
 death of General Ross, the other, 
 the bombardment of Fort Mc. Henry. 
 The whole is surmounted by a 
 Figure, symbolical of the City of 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Welb and Mc. Comas Monuine?it 
 is a plain marble shaft rising thirty- 
 three feet above the ground, at the 
 intersection of Gay and Aisquith 
 streets. It was erected in 1873 to 
 the memory of two young riflemen, 
 Daniel Wells and Henry G. Mc 
 Comas, to whom the death of 
 General Ross, the British commander 
 at North Point is attributed. Both 
 men were killed. 
 
 Armislead Monument : is a marble 
 block in Hill Park perpetuating the 
 gallantry of Lieut. -Col. George 
 Arniistead, who commanded at Fort 
 Mc Henry during its bombardement 
 by the British in l8l4. 
 
 North Point Monument: A small 
 shaft marking the battlefield of 
 NorthPoint, seven miles from the city. 
 
 Columbus Monument: is the tall 
 shaft to Ckristopher Columbus, 
 situated on the grounds of the 
 Samuel Ready Orphan Asylum, 
 between North Avenue and the 
 Harford road. It was erected in 
 l792 by Chevalier d' Amnour. This 
 is the earliest Columbus Memorial 
 in the New World. 
 
 Columbus Momiment: Exactly one 
 hundred years after the erection of 
 the memorial described above, on 
 the 12 th of October 1892, a second 
 
 monument to Columbus was unveiled 
 in Druid Hill Park. It is a present 
 of the Italian residents of the city. 
 
 Poe Monument marks the remains 
 of Edgar Allen Poe in the church- 
 yard of the Westminster Presbyterian 
 Church, at the south east Corner of 
 Greene and Fayette streets. 
 
 Wallace Statue. A handsome 
 replica of the heroic statue of Sir 
 William Wallace has been erected 
 in Druid Hill Park. 
 
 Washington Slalue. Adjacent to 
 the main entrance in Druid Hill 
 Park stands a faithful reproduction 
 in marble of Washington. 
 
 Wildey Monument on Broadway 
 near Fairmount Avenue stands the 
 monument to the memory of Thomas 
 Wildey, the founder of American 
 Odd Fellowship. 
 
 Ridgeley Momiment, beautifully 
 situated in Harlem Park, records 
 the memory of James L. Ridgeley. 
 
 A fine bronze Figure of Chief 
 Justice Taney stands in Washington 
 Place opposite the Peabody Institute. 
 A bronze statue of George Peabody 
 is on Mt. Vernon Place ; it is a copy 
 of the Peabody statue in London. In 
 Greenmount cemetery sure the statue 
 of John Mc Donogh, the founder of 
 Mc Donogh School, memorials to 
 William Boyd Ferguson, who lost 
 his life iu 1855 while nursing the 
 sick during the terrible yellow fever 
 epidemy ; to William. Prescott Smith 
 and to William R. Creery, who was' 
 superintendent of the public schools 
 of Baltimore. In the London Park 
 Cemetery there is within the enclosure, 
 where lie buried Confederate soldiers, 
 the statue of a Confederate Cavalry- 
 man, erected to the memory of 
 Marylanders who lost their lives in 
 the service of the Confederacy. Not 
 far away are monuments erected to 
 General James R. Herbert and 
 General Harry Gilmor, distin- 
 guished Maryland Confederate gen- 
 erals, and a memorial erected by 
 the Murray Assstciation to the fallen 
 members of that command. On a 
 pleasant eminence, at the north end 
 of Bonnie Brae, a simple Doric mass 
 marks the remains of Captain John 
 Gleeson, a gallant member of the 
 Fifth Maryland Federal Regiment. 
 
 160 
 
EUROPEAN PLAN 
 
 LIBERTY and SARATOGA STS. 
 
 ^A\LTijii©^i, mm. 
 
 160a 
 
THE KEELEY CURE 
 
 ALCOHOL, OPIUM and 
 
 TOBACCO USING. 
 
 The Government of the 
 United States has adopted 
 the Keeley Treatment in the 
 Soldiers Homes. 
 
 K the patient prefers a 
 Keeley Institute outside the 
 City of Baltimore, the Keeley 
 Institute, Greensboro, N. C. 
 is recommended. 
 
 The only Keeley Institute in Maryland is located at 
 1418 MADISON AVENUE BALTIMORE, Maryland. 
 
 104 
 
 J. WM. MIDDENDORF. WM. B. OLIVER. 
 
 »7 BANKERS & BROKERS 
 
 (KEYSER BUILDING) No. 213 E. GERMAN ST. 
 
 Members .^_ ^^^ — ' 
 
 BaUimore Stock Exchange. (^yOa'^ifHOie, *^/Ca. 
 
 The Lake Submarine Company 
 
 controls the patents of Simon Lake for submarine boats in the United 
 States and foreign countries. These boats are useful for wrecking 
 and performing all kinds of submarine engineering works, laying 
 
 foundations, etc.; also in the coral, pearl, and sponge fisheries. 
 
 The utility of these boats was demonstrated by the trials of the 
 
 „Argonaut", which was witnessed by thousands, and chronicled all over 
 
 the world by the press. Boats built, and territory rights granted. 
 
 For detailed information, illustrations, etc., apply to, 
 
 105 
 
 The Lake Stibmarime Oompany-) 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 160 d 
 
ARCHITECTURE: 
 
 The characteristic of Baltimore ar- 
 chitecture is solidity and convenience. 
 
 To the buildings already mention- 
 end, we beleive the foUowings well 
 worthy the attention of visitors: 
 
 Eutaw Savings Bank at the 
 southwest corner of Eutaw and 
 Fayette Streets. 
 
 Central Savings Bank corner 
 Lexington and Charles Streets. 
 
 B. and O. Railroad Building coxnex 
 of Calvert and Baltimore Streets. 
 
 Farmers and Merchants Bank 
 corner Lombard and South Streets. 
 
 Mercantile Trust corner of Calvert 
 and German Streets. 
 
 S char/ Building, corner Paca and 
 Baltimore Streets. 
 
 Telephone Building corner of 
 St. Paul and Bank lane. 
 
 Fidelity Building corner Charles 
 and Lexington Streets. 
 
 Manufacturers' Record Building 
 in Lexington Street. 
 
 Law Record Building corner St. 
 Paul and Fayette Streets. 
 
 To be mentioned in this connection 
 are also the buildings of the Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital, the Johns Hopkins 
 University, the Woman's College, 
 Calvert Institute, Bryn Mawr School, 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 the Chamber of Commerce and the 
 bridges that span Jones' Falls. 
 
 Baltimore is the seventh city in 
 point of population in the United 
 States. It is situated on the Patapsco 
 River at the head of tide water and 
 navigation, 14 miles from Chesapeake 
 Bay. The city extends about 
 4'/2 miles from East to West and 
 SVz miles from North to South. It 
 has a population of over 500,000, of 
 which 70,000 are colored; about 
 100,000 people are of German descent. 
 
 The city is divided, into two nearly 
 equal parts by a small stream, Jone's 
 Falls, which rises twenty miles to 
 the north and flows entirely through 
 the city. The part of the city north 
 east, of the stream is known as Old 
 Town. Fell's Point and Canton are 
 respectively the south and south- 
 east ends of this section. The south 
 western section is chiefly occupied 
 by foreigners. Further to the north, 
 east, and north-east, stretches squaie 
 
 after square of neat dwellings, 
 occupied by ai^tisans and bread- 
 winners. 
 
 Taking up the section west of the 
 Falls, Locust Point is first to be 
 noted — an irregular strip extending 
 to the south-east, with innumerable 
 wharves, railroad terminals, and 
 grain elevators, tipped at the very 
 extremity by Fort McHenry. The 
 south-western corner is Spring 
 Garden and here again the social 
 picture shades off into darker tints. 
 Beginning at the water's ejige on 
 Pratt street, which forms the extreme 
 northern limit of the Harbor, is the 
 wholesale business section with its 
 massive warehouses and concentrated 
 mercantile life. A little beyond is 
 Baltimore street, the chief latitudinal 
 throroughfare. Further on, and 
 widening out a little to the west 
 are situated the great retail establish- 
 ments and shopping thoroughfares, 
 while beyond and extending half 
 way to the northern limits are found 
 the fashionable dwelling sections and 
 promenades of the city. The gi^eat 
 body of citizens, from which Balti- 
 more draws its strength and prosper- 
 ity, occupies the north-western and 
 northern sections, with the same 
 outer border of cheerful, comfortable 
 dwellings. Houses are numbered on 
 the decunal plan, running nofth and 
 south from Baltimore Street apd east 
 and west from Charles ' Street. 
 "Baltimore is prominently a pleasant 
 place to Hve in." Mr. J. H. Hollander, 
 A. B. writes: "Not only is its climate 
 temperate and invigorating, but the 
 peculiar topographical arrangement 
 of the region facilitates natural 
 drainage and renders the city as 
 healthful as picturesque. Municipal 
 improvements have kept pace with 
 advancing civilization. Just ag Balti- 
 more was the first city in the 
 United States to be illuminated by 
 gas, the first to aid the construction 
 of a railroad, and the first to be 
 connected with the outside world by 
 electric telegraph, so now its water 
 supply is unequalled in magnitude 
 and purity, its parks and squares 
 far-famed for natural beauty, and its 
 police and fire departments of rare 
 completeness and efficiency. Much 
 has been written of the warmth of 
 
 IQX 
 
Baltimore social life. The elements 
 that constitute it evade analysis; but 
 there is everywhere telt a character- 
 istic spirit ofheai-tiness and fellowship, 
 that raises Maiyland hospitality to 
 ihe same pre-eminence as the beauty 
 of its women and the excellence of 
 its bay products." 
 
 Baltimore was founded in 1729. 
 The name derives from the Irish 
 Barons of Baltimore, to whome 
 belonged the Colony Maryland. 
 1768 it became a County Town, in 
 1780 an open port. From the close 
 of the war up to 1820 its growth 
 was phenomenal. During the war 
 of 1812 the city was attacked by 
 land and water, but successfully 
 defended. Baltimore suffered much 
 by the Civil War, but since has 
 grown by mighty bounds into a 
 great metropolis. 
 
 PARKS AND SQUARES. 
 
 The feature of which every citizen 
 of Baltimore is proud of, is 
 Druid Hill Park. The park has now 
 an area of some 700 acres. It was 
 acquired in 1868 by purchase from 
 the Rogers family of the Druid Hill 
 Estate. It had received its name 
 from the groves of magnificent oaks. 
 The park is provided with four 
 entrances, a main entrance on Madison 
 avenue, the ]\Iount Royal avenue 
 entrance, facing Oliver street, the 
 Eutaw street entrance and the Druid 
 Hill avenue entrance. The first two 
 are adorned with handsome gateways. 
 Immediately to the right of the main 
 entrance is Druid HiU Lake, with a 
 magnificent driveway of one and a 
 half miles. In other parts of the 
 park are reservoirs, a boating and 
 skating lake, and a fish-pond. Man)^ 
 natural springs, as Edmund's Well, 
 Crise Fountain, Silver Spring, ador- 
 ned by graceful fonts out of which 
 crystal streams bubble, are scattered 
 throughout the park. There are 
 many miles of carriage roads, varying 
 from twenty to sixty feet in width, 
 numerous foot paths and extensive 
 bridle-paths. Nine groves, fitted 
 with shelters and play-grounds, are 
 used as picnic-grounds, permits for 
 a day's exclusive occupation being 
 issued by the Superintendent of the 
 
 Park. Grounds for base-ball, lacrosse 
 and lawn-tennis are laid out for 
 public use and carefully maintained 
 m order. Two large buildings grace 
 the interior of the park; the smaller, 
 the Maryland Building, a relic of the 
 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, 
 and the Mansion House, a general 
 shelter house. A little beyond is a 
 small zoological collection. 
 
 Adequate appreciation of this 
 magnilicent park involves both 
 walking and driving. It contains 
 beautiful spots, such as: Philosopher's 
 Walk, Prospect Hill, Tempest Hill 
 and the Dell. The exits of the park 
 lead out upon the Reistertown and 
 Pimlico roads. 
 
 The Park is reached by the 
 Madison Avenue and Gilmore Street 
 Cable Cars. 
 
 Patterson Park. — A beautiful 
 stretch of highly improved land 
 forms the favorite holiday retreat 
 for the eastern section of the city. 
 It has grown from a few acres 
 presented for this purpose in 1827 
 by the man whose name it perpetuates. 
 The main entrance on Patterson Park 
 avenue is a striking marble gateway, 
 and faces a large fountain with a 
 basin fifty feet m diameter. Her^ 
 the gardener's skill has had free 
 scope, and as far as the eye caii 
 reach are seen symmetrical beds of 
 flaming color. A conservatory 
 containing a well-selected collection 
 of plants is one of the chief attractions 
 of the park. In the southeast corner 
 is a large boat lake, which in pleasant 
 weather is fairly alive with tiny crafts. 
 Elsewhere are pavilions, refreshment 
 rooms, seats and benches in 
 abundance. 
 
 The park is of historic interest as 
 containing the original earth-works 
 thrown up in 1814 by citizen 
 volunteers, when an attack on the 
 city was threatened by the British 
 under General Ross. The batteiy 
 still remains; covered with velvety 
 verdure, aud surmounted by a high 
 flags taif. 
 
 A carriage-way extends entirely 
 around the park, and passes the 
 chief points of interest. There ai'e 
 also numerous walks for pedestrians. 
 The park is reached by the cable 
 cars of the Traction Une, which 
 
 163 
 
connect it with Druid Hill Park, 
 five miles beyond. 
 
 Federal Hill Park. — In many- 
 respects the hnest view of the city- 
 is afforded by an elevated plateau, 
 eighty-five feet above tide, -which 
 forms the larger part of Federal Hill 
 Park. It serves a practical purpose 
 as the site of the Marine Obsei-vatory, 
 used to signal the approach of ships. 
 The grounds -n'-ere purchased by the 
 city in 1878. The base of the park 
 covers eight and a quarter acres, 
 and the plateau a surface of four 
 and! a half acres. Both are divided 
 into -walks and drives, and hand- 
 somely adorned with trees, shrubbeiy 
 and flower beds. From the crest of 
 the plateau it is easy to distinguish 
 many of the prominent buildings of 
 
 the city .which extends about three si- 
 des of the park, while directly in front 
 is the harbor and shipping, The 
 park marks the site of the ramparts 
 constructed by General Butler during 
 the war, but now cut down and 
 converted into extensive walks and 
 drives. 
 
 The park is situated in South 
 Baltimore, and is reached by the Blue 
 line and by the Paca street cars. 
 
 Riverside Park. — In a line 
 directly south of the park just 
 described lies Riverside Park, a 
 pleasant enclosure of seventeen and 
 a half acres, overlooking the Patapsco 
 River, Locust Point, Fort McHenry 
 and the Bay as far as North Point. 
 The Park is laid out in well-arranged 
 walks and drives; entrances are 
 
 The Rowland Turkish Baths. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: Equitable Building, opposite Post Office 
 LADIES: 320 JSaragota, near Eutaw jSt. 
 
 102 
 
 BALTIMORE, MD. 
 
 located at the north western corners. 
 Historically it is noteworthy as 
 containing the earthworks known as 
 "Fort Covington". 
 
 Harlem Park, located on the 
 northwest side of Baltimore, is 
 bounded by Gilmor & Calhoun 
 Streets and Edmondson and Harlem 
 Avenues. The park is remarkable 
 for the richness of its gardening. 
 
 Eutaw Place is the most beautiful 
 residence section of the City, close 
 by are Taney Place and Park 
 Place Squares. Johnson Square 
 is bounded by Biddle, Valley, Chase 
 and McKinn streets. Southwards 
 are Washinrion and Mount Vernon 
 Squares; they have a characteristic 
 air of refinement and wealth. The 
 plats are adorned with flowers, 
 fountains and statuary. Of the last 
 named the most noticeable are several 
 
 .bronze pieces by Barye, representing 
 Peace, War, Force and Order; a 
 colossal lion by the same artist; 
 Military Courage by Dubois, and a 
 statue of Chief Justice Taney in 
 heroic size. Westward lie Perkins^ 
 Spring Square, triangular in shape 
 and bright with flower beds of vari- 
 ous colors ; Lafayette Square, faced 
 by four churches, and always cool 
 and shady; Franklin Square, differ- 
 ing little from the preceding; Union 
 Square, with its magnificent leafy 
 canopy of poplars and maples; and 
 Pulton Avenue, a series of open 
 squares extending from Franklin 
 street to Baker Circle, a circular 
 plot laid out in lawn. In the eastern 
 and southern sections of the city are 
 Jackson Square, at the intersection 
 of Broadway and Fayette street; 
 Madison Square, with a running 
 
 163 
 
fountain and pleasant approaches; 
 the City Spring, well shaded and 
 caiefuUy kept; Ashland Square, the 
 site of the Wells and Mc Comas 
 Monument; and the Broadway 
 Squares, extending from Baltimore 
 to Gay streets. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Baltimore ranks as one of the 
 foremost educational centers of the 
 country. Beside the public schools 
 personal philanthropy in the form 
 of the Peabody Institute and the 
 Johns Hopkins University has made 
 Baltimore almost unique among 
 modern cities. Among the public 
 schools special mention is due to 
 the Baltimore Manual Training 
 School on Courtland near Saratoga 
 Streets.^ It was the first school ol 
 its kind in the United states established 
 as a part of a pub'ic school system. 
 Later on a Colored Manual Training 
 School was established on Fremont 
 near Lombard Streets. 
 
 The State Normal School on the 
 northwest corner of Lafayette and 
 CarroUton Avenues, is devoted to 
 the training of teachers of both 
 sexes. 
 
 University of Maryland, corner 
 of Lombard and Greene Streets. 
 Founded in 1807 as a medical school, 
 a faculty of Law was added in 1870 
 adjoining the Medical College in 
 Lombard Street. In 1882 a Dental 
 School was founded; it occupies a 
 building adjacent to the University 
 in Green street. 
 
 Johns Hopkins University is located 
 in the heart of Baltimore. The 
 various academic buildings are in 
 the block bounded by Howard, 
 Eutaw, Monument and Little Ross 
 Streets. This University owes its 
 foundation to the liberality of the 
 Baltimore merchant whose name it' 
 bears. 
 
 The Woman's College is located 
 in St. Paul Street near the First 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 St. Mary's Seminary of St. Sulpice 
 is the oldest Catholic theological 
 seminziry in the country. It occupies 
 a series of substantial buildmgs 
 enclosed by a high brick wall, in 
 the square bounded by Paca, Druid 
 
 Hill Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenne 
 and St. Mary's Street. 
 
 Mc Donogh Farm. School: On 
 the Western Maryland Ry. is located 
 one of the most remarkable boy's 
 schools. It owes its existence to the 
 philanthropy of John Mc Donogh, 
 a wealthy merchant of Baltimore, 
 who left a part of the income of his 
 property for the establishment of a 
 farm school. A fann of 835 acres 
 was purchased and a good building 
 erected. The boys perform the lighter 
 work of the farm; a weekly paper is 
 issued. Carpenter and mashine shops 
 are in operation, at the same time 
 indoor studies are not neglected. 
 
 MEDICAL COLLEGES. 
 
 The following is a list of the medical 
 Colleges in Baltimore: 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 corner Calvert and Saratoga Streets. 
 It exercises exclusive control over 
 the Baltimore City Hospital and the 
 Maryland Lying m Asylum. 
 
 Tde Baltimore Medical College 
 in Howard Street, has control of the 
 Maryland General Hospital. 
 
 The Baltimore University founded 
 in 1884, comprises a School of 
 Medicine, with dental and veterinary- 
 departments, and a Law School. 
 
 The Woman's Medical College is 
 situated in Druid Hill Avenue corner 
 of Hoffman Street. The Hospital of 
 the Goods Samaritan is 'under its 
 control. 
 
 The Baltimore College of Dental 
 Surgery was the first dental college 
 organized in the world. It is located 
 on the corner of Franklin and Eutaw 
 Streets. 
 
 The Maryland College of Phar- 
 macy occupies the building at the 
 corner of Fayette and Aisquith Streets. 
 Notable among private institutions 
 are : 
 
 Calvert Institute, corner Cathedral 
 and Mulberry Streets. 
 
 Bryn Mawr School, corner of 
 Cathedral and Preston Streets, the 
 building is the gift of Miss Mary 
 Garrett. 
 
 Academy of the Visitation, Centre 
 Street and Park Avenue. 
 
 Oliver Hibernian Free School \\\ 
 North Street. 
 
 164 
 
Loyola College (Jesuit Fathers) in 
 Calvert and Madison Streets. 
 
 Mt. De Sales Academy. Frederick 
 Road near Catonsville. 
 
 Noire Dame of Maryland on the 
 Baltimore and Lehigh Rd. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS OF ART AND 
 SCIENCE. 
 
 The Peabody Institute is the foun- 
 dation of George Peabody, an Ame- 
 ricanbanker who had made the first 
 part of his great fortune in Baltimore, 
 between 1815 and 1836. It contains 
 a library of about 100,000 volunies. 
 It is open during all the faU and 
 
 winter months from 9 a. m. until 
 9.30 p. m. Above the Library is 
 the Gallery of Art. Here is an 
 extensive collection of antique casts, 
 presented by the late John W. Garrett. 
 In another part are reproductions of 
 Renaissance and modem art from 
 the same donors. The Rinchart 
 corridor contains the original casts 
 of portrait busts from the Roman 
 studio of the American sculptor. 
 The gems of the Gallery are a series 
 of marbles and bronzes, the legacy 
 of John W. Mc Coy, contained in 
 the Clytie Room. The Picture Gallery 
 contains some of the best specimens 
 of American Art. Above the lecture 
 
 TRUSSES 
 
 One Week's Trial 
 
 f REE 
 
 If not perfectly protected with comfort and ease no diarg^e. 
 
 Not one cent required until cure is effected. 
 
 98 No detention from daily avocation. 
 
 SECURITY RUPTURE CURE 
 
 BALTIMORE, MP. 346 Equitable Bld'g. 
 
 hall is the Conservatory of music. 
 In the large hall lectures and concerts 
 are gfiven during the winter season. 
 Walters Art Gallery. The galleries 
 of Mr. William F. Walters, No. 5 
 Mt. Vernon Place, contain the finest 
 private art collection in the country. 
 The large parlors contain bronzes, 
 cases of rare old silver, and groups 
 of Royal Worcester, Dresden and 
 Sevres. There is a chamber with 
 furniture of the time- of Marie 
 Antoinette; another in the old Dutch 
 style. Another upper room contains 
 bronzes and water colors by Barye. 
 In the dining room are rare French 
 vases and bronzes. The first gallery 
 at the rear of the house is lined with 
 cases of porcelains. Famous in this 
 room is the collection of 1400 
 specimens of the Chinese ceramic 
 art, and the Japanese porcelains and 
 
 potteries. The Oriental Department 
 contains some 200 bronzes, 200 metal 
 objects of gold, silver, iron and 
 copper; 150 swords, 800 sword 
 guards, 400 other appliances of the 
 sword, 500 ivory carvings, 500 
 lacquers. 
 
 The Gallery of Oil Paintings 
 represents a complete index to the 
 best art of this century. The religious 
 sentiment of Ary Scheffer and the 
 fiery spirit of Horace Vernet are 
 followed by specimens of Delacroix 
 andDelaroche and these by specimens 
 of Jalabert and Yvon. There are 
 four works by Gerome, five by 
 Millet, four by Rousseau, three by 
 Corot, three by Fromentin, four by 
 Daubigny, three, by Dupre and a 
 Troyon. French Art is also repres- 
 ented by paintings by Couture, 
 Decamps. Glayre, Isabey, Saint Jean, 
 
 166 
 
Plassan/Meissonier.Herbert.Schreyer, 
 De Neuville, Detaille, Jacque, Van 
 Marcke and Ziem. 
 
 Fortuny, Jiminez and Rico illustrate 
 the Franco -Spanish school; Baron 
 Leys' "Edict of Charles V", speaks 
 for modern Belgian art; the Achen- 
 bachs, Preyer, Vautier and Hidde- 
 mann represent Dusseldorf; Gallait 
 and Clays, Brussels, Professor MuUer, 
 Vienna; Carl Becker and Knaus, 
 Berlin; Millais, Ahna Tadema and 
 Boughton, England; and America is 
 represented by Gilbert Stuart, A. B. 
 Durand, C. L, Elliott, George A. 
 Baker, F.E. Church, Eastman Johnson 
 and H. Bolton Jones. 
 
 The water-color room opening 
 from the first gallery contains water 
 colors by Alma Tadema, Green, 
 Fortuny, Meissonier, a drawing in 
 india ink by Rousseau, and another 
 in ink and pastel, together with 
 statues by Rinehart and Palmer. 
 
 The Gallery is open to the public 
 at a nominal fee, the proceeds of 
 which are devoted to a public charity, 
 every Wednesday in February and 
 March, and Wednesdays and Sat- 
 urdays in April. 
 
 Maryland Historical Society or- 
 
 fanized in 1844. It has a substantial 
 uilding known as the Athenaeum 
 Building on Saratoga near Charles 
 Streets, an art gallery and a priceless 
 collection of manuscripts, documen- 
 tary records, volumes and pamphlets. 
 The first floor is devoted to library 
 and reading room. On the second 
 floor ai-e three connecting galleries 
 filled with paintings and curios. There 
 are three MurUlos, too Rubens, a 
 Rembrandt, landscapes by Adrian 
 Vandenvelde, Moucheron, Snayres etc. 
 Marines by Vernst, Brooking, 
 Vandenvelde and Backhuysen and 
 many good copies. 
 
 The Gallery is open from 10 A. M. 
 till 4 P. M. 
 
 Maryland Academy of Sciences 
 is in the Old Maryland Club Building 
 and contains a fine collection of the 
 fauna and flora of the state, besides 
 minerals etc. 
 
 Maryland Institute is in a granite 
 bnUding in Baltimore and Harrison 
 streets. It includes a library, a 
 night school, and a school of design. 
 
 Charcoal Club: has its head 
 
 qiiatters' over the Provident Savings 
 Bank. 
 
 Decorative Art Society, axi interest- 
 ing display of artistic handiwork 
 can always be seen at the rooms of 
 this organization, 315 North Charles 
 street. 
 
 Among the many libraries of 
 Baltimore special mention must be 
 made of the Enoch Pratt Free 
 Library. This institution was founded 
 by Enoch Pratt, a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, who first became a resident 
 of Baltimore in 1831. The central 
 building is in Mulberry near 
 Cathedral streets; five branch li- 
 braries are conveniently located in 
 the different parts of the city. 
 
 Among the many hospitals and 
 Homes of the city The Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital is of chief interest for the 
 visitor. It is in construction and 
 equipment one of the finest in the 
 world. The hospital can easily be 
 reached by the Aisquith Street or 
 Centre Street cars. On Wednesday 
 afternoon between 3 and 5 o'clock, 
 guides are provided for the inspection 
 of the institution. Churches are in 
 all parts of the city for nearly every 
 religion. Baltimore was the residence 
 of Cardinal Gibbons. The Cathedral 
 is located at the corner of Mulberry 
 and Cathedral streets. Many of the 
 Catholic churches of the City are 
 worth visiting. 
 
 The oldest church in the city is 
 St. Paul's, on North Charles near 
 Saratoga Streets. (Protestant Epis- 
 copal) erected in 1702. Emanuel 
 Church, corner of Read and Cathedral 
 streets, is a striking Gothic edifice. 
 The finest Presbyterian Church is 
 the First, corner of Park Avenue 
 and Madison Street. 
 
 The oldest Methodist Episcopal is 
 the First Church, corner of St. Paul 
 and Third streets. 
 
 The Associate Reformed Church 
 occupies one of the most striking 
 church structures in the city at the 
 corner of Maryland Avenue and 
 Preston Street. 
 
 INDUSTRIES: 
 
 Almost all branches of industry 
 are prosecuted to some extent in 
 
 166 
 
the citjr or its vicinity. Among these 
 are ship building, iron and copper 
 works, woolen and cotton manufac- 
 tures, pottery, sugar refining, petro- 
 leum refining, distilling, saddlery, 
 agricultural implement making, cab- 
 inet touning etc. In the vicinity oJ 
 Baltimore the finest brick kiln, is 
 found in the world, where more 
 than 100,000,000 bricks are made 
 annually. The Abbot Iron Works 
 in the eastern part ot the city has 
 one of the largest rolling mills. 
 
 A peculiar industry of Baltimore 
 is the packing of oysters in air- 
 tight cans and shippmg them to all 
 parts of the world. The oysters 
 are taken from Chesapeake Bay. 
 Fruits and vegetables are also packed 
 the same way, the trade consuming 
 from 20-30 million cans annually. 
 
 This city is one of the largest 
 flour markets in the Union and 
 carries on a large export trade in 
 tobacco. 
 
 We direct the attention' to one of 
 the most modern industrial enter- 
 prises in the world, which has been 
 inaugurated in the city by The Lake 
 Submarine Company. This Comp- 
 any has constructed a Submarine 
 Wrecking Boat, which enables the 
 whole of the outfit including divers- 
 
 quarters in the air compressing plant, 
 tools, winches, etc., to be placed at 
 the bottom of the ocean in close 
 proximity to a wreck; the many 
 advantages of such a device, are 
 obvious, and the details, as worked 
 out by Mr. Simon Lake of Baltimore, 
 are certainly full of interest. A 
 wrecking boat containing a full staff 
 of diveis and all necessary machinery 
 and tools for their work,, which is 
 capable of proceeding to the scene 
 of a wreck under its own steam and 
 sinking to a good working position 
 alongside a sunken ship, where 
 operations can be carried on un- 
 interruptedly, is a valuable acquisi- 
 tion in salvage operations; such a 
 submarine wrecking-boat is the Ar- 
 gonaut. 
 
 Special mention must be made of 
 the Keeley Ins/itute, the methods of 
 which the government of the United 
 States has adopted for the treatment 
 of alcohol, opium, tobacco, using. 
 The Institute is located at 418 Mad- 
 ison Ave., but if patients -prefer a 
 Keeley Institute out-side of .the city, 
 the one in Greensboro, N. C. is 
 recommended. 
 
 For those interested we mention 
 the Security Rupture Company 346 
 Equitable Building, see advertisement. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 G. Lehnbach, 2'^0 S. Broadway, Baltimore, Md. 
 Arthur W. Robson, 133 E. Balto St., Baltimore, Md. 
 A. Schumacher & Co., 5 South Gay St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 167 
 
J-flSTORIC and 
 
 PICTURESQUE 
 
 p. <! e. 
 
 TIIE GREAT TRUNK LINE 
 between 
 
 THE EAST & WEST. 
 
 INDIAN CREEK 
 
 '-'J^ 
 
 A recent trip over the Royal Blue Line, New York to Washington 
 and retiim, impressed the writer most strongly as to the wonderful 
 possibilities regarding speed and luxury in railway travel in America. 
 Having been in nearly every state in the Union and over a large part of 
 Europe we ai-e prepared to feel ourselves acquainted with railway trans- 
 portation thoroughly, and while in no way failing to recognize the splendid 
 sei-vice furnished the public by the great railway lines of America, the 
 writer believes that he is stating nothing too strongly in saying that in 
 his judgment there is not a service in the world, which taken as a whole 
 will compare with the famous Royal Blue Line. Not only is \the time via 
 this line, the quickest ever made between New York and Washington, ; 
 but with a road bed that is simply perfect, and an equipment so luxurious ;' 
 as to leave nothing to be desired, it furnishes no doubt the finest service; 
 of any line in the world. 
 
 Every train via the Royal Blue Line is vestibuled from end to end, 
 and consists not only of the most luxurious parlor and sleeping cars ever 
 
 168 
 
made by the Pullman Palace Car Company, but also oi palatial day coach 
 far superior to the parlor cars run on many lines with smoking compart- 
 ments fitted up with chairs and sofas, the same as in drawing room cars. 
 Although the service is so superior and the time so quick, on no train 
 are there any extra charges. To those who desire accomodations in the 
 drawing room or sleeping cars only the regular additional charges are 
 asked, ind on all of the trains vestibuled day coaches are run open to 
 the public, without any extra charges whatever. The dining car service 
 attached to the principal trains is in keeping with the splendid character 
 of the line's service and the cuisine equal to the best hotels of the country. 
 
 It is no wonder that the Royal Blue Line has attained phenomenal popular- 
 ity, and it has hot attained its position by any other reason than tl^at it 
 deserved it. It is so incomparably superior to any service ever inau- 
 gurated between the East and West, that it would be surprising jf the 
 public did not patronize it so liberally; certainly no one who wants the 
 best should take any other, and when it is considered that for the finest 
 service in the world no additional charges of any description are required, 
 it should receive, as it does, the endorsement and patronage of the public. 
 The scenery crossing the Alleghany Mountains is not surpassed 
 by any on the American Continent and certainly not by any in Europe. 
 
 X69 
 
Writing of a recent trip across the mountains of West Virginia 
 a gifted Journalist says: — 
 
 "Twilight on the grade is grand. The mountain summits look like 
 the bushy tops of trees. The sun has disappeared in a ball of &e at 
 his "jumping-off-place", but the vivid lighting of the western sky by the 
 still upturned illumining face below the horizon is in marked contrast to 
 the gathering shades behind the rushing train. From shelf to shelf, from 
 
 Q} 
 
 to all points 
 
 WEST 
 
 7i m>i^\'Qy>:£):<jv!^'^'^'fQ)^':rSQJS 
 
 crag to crag, from brink to brink we almost fly. Like a flashing trans- 
 formation rendering almost past belieft he fact that the scene is in the 
 midst of the AUeghanies, comes a bit of landscape gardening with all the 
 beauties of walks and hedges and bright hued flowers, a mountain brooklet 
 tumbling through the centre — Buckhorn Wall, the most noted and 
 most admired view that can be had from any known point in the' Alleghany 
 range. To enable the road to span the tiemendous gorges, a massive 
 wall of cut stone was erected for a distance of several hundred feet, and 
 
 170 
 
more tlian a hundred feet above tte foundation rock. As the river 
 makes an abrupt turn at right angles, a deep canyon is opened up for 
 miles. Range after range of mountains disappear behind each other. The 
 shadowy outlines of single peaks steal out through the haze". 
 
 HEART OF THE ALLEGHENIES. 
 
 This beautiful scene is on the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. near 
 
 Grafton, W. Va. The entire line from the Potomac to the Oldo is a 
 
 majestic panorama of the grandest views on the continent and all endowed 
 
 with historic interest, 
 
 171 
 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Before the invasion from Europe 
 Massachusetts was inhabited by 
 several tribes of Algonquin Indians. 
 
 Before 1500, the Cabots may have 
 cruised along the coast. Later came 
 Verrazano and still later Pring, 
 Champlain and others. In 1602 
 Gosnold established a colony on 
 Cuttyhunk, one of the Elizabeth 
 Islands. Twelve years later Capt. 
 John Smith made a map of the coast. 
 
 John Endicott founded in 1626 at 
 Salem the Massachusetts-Bay colony. 
 In 1630 Gov. John Winthrop, aiid 
 17 shiploads of colonists came over 
 seas, and the capital was transferred 
 to Mishawum, which was named 
 Charlestown, and later to the Indian 
 cornfields of Shawmut, which was 
 renamed Boston. In 1643 the colonies 
 of Massachusetts, Pl)^month, Connec- 
 ticut and New Haven formed a con- 
 federation for mutual defence against 
 the Indians and the Dutch. These 
 United States existed till 1684 when 
 the revocation of the colony charter 
 dissolved them. In 1691 Massachusetts, 
 Plymouth and Maine were united 
 in one government, under the name 
 of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 
 in A'ew England. 
 
 Parts of New Hampshire and 
 Vermont were included in Massachu- 
 setts; Maine remained apart of it 
 until 1820. 
 
 The Province of Massachusetts 
 had about 250,000 inhabitants M^hen 
 the British Government began the 
 aggressive acts which resulted in the 
 Revolution, and the first battles of 
 that conflict occui-ed on the soil ot 
 this State. In 1780 the State adopted 
 
 a Constitution and in 1788 it accepted 
 the Federal Constitution. 
 
 When the civil War broke out, in 
 1861. The Massachusetts 'militia 
 was the first to respond to the 
 President's call for troops; 159,000 
 men enlisted in the Federal army. 
 For the past 25 years the State 
 has been prospering and changing 
 its investments in navigation into 
 manufactures and western railroads. 
 The name "Massachusetts" signifies 
 ■'Great Hills Place" or "at the Great 
 Hills". The Bay State' is a popular 
 name from the ancient title of the 
 Colony of Massachusetts Bay. 
 
 BERKSHIRE HILLS, Mass. 
 
 The nursery of poets, famou's in 
 song and story, celebrated for scenery 
 of wondrous beauty, and esteemed 
 for the health-creating purity of their 
 atmosphere, are the Berkshii'e Hills, 
 among the foremost of American 
 summer resorts. Here is Lenox, 
 perhaps the most ultra-fashionable 
 mountain resort on the continent, and 
 among the scores of other attractive 
 places are Great Barrington, Stock- 
 bridge, Lee, and Pittsfield, all 
 celebrated resorts. 
 
 To be reached by the New York, 
 New Haven & Hartford R. R. 
 
 BOSTON, Mass. 
 see page 177. 
 
 CHELSEA, Mass. 
 Chelsea is connected with Boston 
 by ferry and with Charlestown by a 
 bridge over the Mystic river it has 
 
 172 
 
28,000 inhabitants and possesses 
 well known manufactures of tiles 
 and pottery. Here are Woodlawn 
 Cemetery, the Marine Hospital, the 
 Soldiers Home, and the Naval Hos- 
 pital. 
 
 FALL RIVER, Mass. 
 
 Has a population of 74,398 and is 
 one of the lai-ge manufacturing cities 
 of the State. It is situated on 
 Narragansett Bay, and the steamers 
 of the Fall River Line ply regularly 
 between New York and this city; 
 from here passengers are conveyed 
 to Boston by the "Old Colony System" 
 of the New York, New Haven & 
 Hartford R. R. 
 Agent of the North Geiinan Lloyd : 
 James Duckett, 19 South Main St., 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 FITCHBURG, Mass. 
 A busy manufacturing city of 
 22,000 inhabitants, Nashua River on 
 which it is buil^ affords a fine 
 water-power. Its principal manufac- 
 tures are cotton goods, paper, 
 machineiy and agricultural instru- 
 ments. The city possesses a fine 
 bronze Monument in memory of the 
 Soldiers' who fell in the civil war. 
 
 GREENFIELD, Mass. 
 _ Nineteen miles above Northampton 
 lies this beautiful village. The hill 
 ranges in the neighborhood open 
 fine pictures of the valley, and the 
 vicimty abounds with delightful 
 drives. Greenfield is one of the 
 most popular resorts in the Connec- 
 ticut Valley. 
 
 To be reached by the Connecticut 
 Central & Fitchburg R. R. 
 
 GLOUCESTER, Mass, 
 Is thirty-one miles from Boston 
 by the Boston & Maine Railroad. 
 
 It has a population of 25,000 
 inhabitants, situated on a noble 
 harbor near the rocky tip of Cape 
 Ann, which abounds in granite quar- 
 ries. It is the foremost cod and 
 mackerel fishing port in the world. 
 
 HOLYOKfi, Mass. 
 Is on the Boston & Maine Rail- 
 road, eight* miles from Springfield. 
 It has the gi^eat water-power of 
 Hadley Falls on the Connecticut 
 River and is the foremost' paper 
 making city in the world, and has 
 other profitable industries. Holyoke 
 has 35,600 inhabitants and is well 
 built; the City Hall is one of the 
 finest in Massachusetts, and the 
 Soldiers' Monument is very handsome. 
 
 LAWRENCE, Mass. 
 26 miles from Boston via the Boston 
 & Maine R. R., on both sides of the 
 Merrimac River,' Lawrence is situated., 
 It is one of the largest manufacturing 
 cities in the State and has a popula- 
 tion of 44,700. In 1845 a dam was 
 thrown across the river, giving c 
 fall of water of nearly 30 feet and 
 furnishing power for the numerous 
 manufactories located here. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 H. E. Btirckel, 24 Milford St., 
 Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 LOWELL, Mass. 
 
 The third city of Massachusetts has 
 77,696 inhabitants and is situated on 
 the Merrimac, at the mouth of the 
 Concord. The Pawtucket Falls in 
 the Merrimac, which have a descent 
 of 30 feet, furnish good waterpower 
 for the different manufactories and 
 in consequence Lowell is one of the 
 most noted manufacturing places in 
 the Union. The principal public 
 buildings are the Court House, the 
 City Hall and several churches and 
 schoolhouses. 
 
 Te be reached by the Boston & 
 Maine R. R. 
 
 Agents of theNorth Geiman Llyod: 
 
 Denis Murphy, 8 Appleton St., 
 Lowell, Mass. 
 
 LYNN, Mass. 
 11 miles from Boston by the 
 Boston & Maine R. R, situated on 
 the shore of Massachusetts Bay. 
 Lynn is sun-bunded by pleasing 
 scenery. It is a flourishing city of 
 
 173 
 
55,727 inhabitants and pos§e§ge§ a 
 splendid City Hall and a fine 
 Soldiers' Monument, besides some 
 handsome churches aild school- 
 houses. 
 
 For more information see Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 NANTASKEt' BEACH, Mass. 
 Nantasket Beach has become cele- 
 brated as one of the finest ocean 
 shores on the United States coast. 
 It presents more of the elements 
 which make up the grand, the at- 
 tractive, and the complete in border 
 scenery than are often found combin- 
 ed. Here the surf pours inward 
 from the bosom of the great ocean, 
 purifying and polishing its sandy 
 beach till it glitters in the summer 
 sun rays like a plate mirror. At the 
 far west end of the beach are the 
 clustering highlands and headland, 
 in the midst of which reposes Hull, 
 with its outlying summer cottages 
 dotting the hillsides, and its 
 noted hostelries rising above the 
 heights. 
 
 NANTUCKET, Mass. 
 
 Twenty-eight miles over the waters 
 from Mai"tha's Vineyard lies the 
 curiously-shaped island of Nantucket. 
 It is about sixteen miles wide, practi- 
 cally a little world in itself. Its shores 
 are cut up into bays and promon- 
 tories, and there are many beaches 
 of white glistening sand, which 
 afford excellent bathing. 
 
 To be reached by steamer from 
 Marthas Vineyard & New Bedford. 
 
 NEW BEDFORD, Mass. 
 
 New Bodfordimdoubtedly possesses 
 one of the finest, as well as the most 
 picturesque, harbors on the Atlantic 
 coast. The entrance to the harbor, 
 lying between Clark's Neck and 
 Sconticut Point, is strongly fortified, 
 and the wharf frontage extends along 
 the broad Acushnet for two miles. 
 
 New Bedford is a distributing 
 center for the coal which goes to 
 New England by water, as it is also 
 the starting point for the steamer 
 trip to Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, 
 and Cottage City. 
 
 It has pleasant neighbors in . the 
 pretty summer towTis of Fairhaven, 
 Mattapoisett, Marion, and Nonquit 
 
 New Bedford is an important 
 manufacturing city with 40,700 in- 
 habitants. 'The yearly output of 
 cotton-cloth of the place is estimated 
 at about 5,000,000. New Bedford is 
 reached . from Boston by the Old 
 Colony Railroad. 
 
 NEWBURYPORT, Mass. 
 An old historic town on the 
 Merrimac riA'^er, three miles from the 
 ocean. It has a population of 14,000, 
 it possesses the beautiful High street 
 and many quaint old Colonial 
 Mansions. Nearby i& the first Chain 
 Bridge buUt in America. 
 
 NORTH ADAMS. Mass. 
 
 A thriving town with 16,000 
 inhabitants near the Hoosac Tunnel 
 in Northern Berkshire, its cotton 
 and woolen mills are important. 
 
 To be reached by a branch of the 
 Boston & Albany R. R. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON, Mass. 
 Reached by the Boston & Maine 
 Railroad. Northampton has 15,000 
 inhabitants and is said to be the 
 most beautiful village in America, 
 its streets are laid out with pic- 
 turesque irregularity and abound in 
 shade trees of noble size. Near the 
 centre of the village is Smith's 
 College for women, a large Art 
 Gallery containing choice paintings 
 and statuary, a large scientific build- 
 in;4', a gymnasium and a music hall 
 are connected with the college, the 
 free Public Libiary is located in 
 Memorial Hall wliich has been 
 erected in memory of the victims of 
 tlie civil war. Round Hill is on an 
 eminence west of the village, Bancroft 
 and Cogswell once had a boys 
 school here. On this same hill is 
 the Clarke Institution lor deaf mutes, 
 and nearby are the buildings of the; 
 State Lunatic Asylimi. 
 
 NORTHFIELD, Mass. 
 
 This quiet and beautiful New 
 England town is located in the 
 
 174 
 
charming Connecticut Valley just 
 south of the Vermont line. 
 
 PLYMOUTH, Mass. 
 
 A quiet but flourishing manufac- 
 turing town of 7,500 inhabitants on 
 Cape Cod Bay. Its interest is 
 chiefly historical and it will be for- 
 ever famous as the landing place of 
 the Pilgrim Fathers and as a site of 
 the first settlement made in New 
 England. 
 
 Plymouth Rock,^ on which the 
 Pilgrims first landed, is in Water 
 Street and is covered by a handsorne 
 granite canopy. Pilgrim Hall is in 
 Court Street and contains the 
 Public Library, Portraits and busts, 
 and interesting relics of the early 
 settlers of Massachusetts. 
 
 Plymouth is 37 miles distant from 
 Boston via Old Colony System. 
 
 QUINCY, Mass. 
 A beautiful town of 16,723 
 inhabitants reached from Boston by 
 the Old Colony System. It is 
 noteworthy as the home of the 
 Adams and Quincy families, and for 
 its granite quarries, 
 
 SALEM, Mass. 
 A venerable town of 30,800 
 population and the site of the first 
 permanent settlement in the old 
 Massachusetts Colony. Many inter- 
 esting historical associations cluster 
 around Salem. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, Mass. 
 
 136 miles from New York City 
 on the N. C. R. in the State of 
 Massachusetts. (Hayne's Hotel, $2-3; 
 Cooley's $ 2^li ; Warwick $ 2^k) on 
 the lett side of the Coimecticut River. 
 It is renowned for the United States 
 At-mory located here in a Park, east 
 from the Depot. Visitors are admitted 
 on application at the office. Fine 
 view from the tower. 
 
 Springfield has about 50,000 inhab- 
 itants. It is a nice city, well built up. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 E. S. Batchelder, 492 Main Str., 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Bondi Bros, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 W. C. Gunn, 241 Main St., Spring- 
 field, Mass. 
 
 TAUNTON, Mass. 
 
 A prosperous manufacturing city 
 with 25,500 mhabitants on the Old 
 Colony System between Fall River 
 and Boston. It is situated on the 
 Taunton- river. 
 
 Its principal manufactures are 
 tacks, cotton goods, machinery and 
 silver ware. 
 
 WALTHAM, Mass. 
 A flourishing manufacturing town 
 of 18,700 inhabitants on the Charles 
 river. The first cotton mill in 
 the United States was erected 
 here in 1814, the place is noted as 
 the site of the Waltham Watch 
 Company Works, which are the most 
 extensive in the world. To be 
 reached from Boston by theFitchburg 
 railroad. 
 
 WORCESTER, Mass. 
 
 190 miles from New York on the 
 N. C. R. in the State of Massachusetts. 
 Cars (5 cents) through principal 
 streets; Cabs 50 cent. 
 
 Post Office in Pearl Street. 
 
 Worcester is the second largest 
 city in Massachusetts about 100,000 
 population. ,. Situated near the Black- 
 stone River at the base of a range 
 of hiUs. It is an important center 
 of various industries: Machinery, 
 ii-on-copper-and steel-wire; envel- 
 opes; shoes; pianos and organs. 
 
 George Bancroft was bom in 
 Worcester in Salisbury Street. At 
 the end of this street is the "Salisbury 
 Pond". Here are the Wke-Works 
 of Washburn & Moen, well worth 
 a visit. 
 
 Between "Millstone Hill" and "Bell 
 Pond" rims Belmont Street to the 
 large "State Insane Asylum" with 
 arrangements for 1000 persons. 
 
 Returning to the Common and 
 following Main Street the visitor 
 passesseveral churches and comes to 
 "Clark Umverszty" ClMimzlQs) famous 
 for its Chemical Departmant; and 
 farther on to "Webster Square". 
 
 75 9 
 
in Elm Street is the Free Public 
 Library: in Walnut Street the High 
 School, tlae Natural History Society's 
 Mtiseum is in Foster Street open 
 from 9 — 5. Worcester has a Poly- 
 technic Institute ; the Ore ad Institute; 
 and the Rom. Cath. College of the 
 Holy Cross on Mount St. James in 
 the South of the' City. 
 
 Excursion can be made by electric 
 cars to Leicester through Cherry 
 Valley. A fine walk from Webster 
 
 Square to Coes Pond. Electric car 
 to the beautiful Quinsigaimond Lake 
 two miles east of Worcester, 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 / F. Healey, 396 Main St., Wor- 
 cester, Mass. 
 
 Geo Y. Lancaster, 346 Main St., 
 Room 820, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 O. F. Rawson, 391 Main St., Wor- 
 cester Mass. 
 
 176 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 RAILWAY STATIONS. 
 
 The New York, New Haven & 
 Hartford Railroad occ\x^i&5 the „01(i 
 Colony Depot", comer of South and 
 Kjieeland Streets. 
 
 The Boston and Albany Railroad 
 on Kneeland Street between Lincoln 
 and Utica Streets. 
 
 The Boston and Maine Railroad 
 has its depot at the new Union 
 Station on Causeway Street, between 
 Nashua and Haverhill Streets. 
 
 STEAMERS BETWEEN NEW 
 YORK AND BOSTON. 
 
 Splendid boats ply between New 
 York and Boston. In warm weather 
 the journey is far more comfortable 
 on the floating palaces of the Fall 
 River and Norwich lines than by 
 TEiil. Leaving New York in the 
 evening the traveler reaches Boston 
 in the morning at Park Square 
 Station. 
 
 Many steamship companies carry 
 passengers and baggage to other 
 seaports. 
 
 Many summer excursion steamers 
 leave at £ill hours of the day, during 
 the season, for the various beach 
 resorts. 
 
 Street cars pass through all im- 
 portant streets. 
 
 Baggage transfer and delivery 
 is safely in the hands of the Ann- 
 strong Trzmsfer Company. A uni- 
 formed agent of this company is on 
 aU the prmcipal inward bound trains 
 and at the wharves of incoming 
 steamboats. The same company 
 
 operates coupes, carriages etc. for 
 the conveyance of passengers between 
 stations or for tours. The delivery 
 of a trunk costs 25 cents, a carriage 
 for one person 50 cents; the driver 
 is- not allowed to carry a trunk 
 beyond the entrance hall of the 
 residence. We expressly warn giving 
 up checks for trunk-s to any but a 
 uniformed train solicitor or a regular 
 office agent. 
 
 Hacks and Cabs are cheap iti 
 Boston; the charge is 25 cents for 
 each passenger within specified limits. 
 No charge is made for one trunk, 
 but each additional trunk costs 
 25 cents. By the hour the price is 
 $ 1. — ; the time must be reckoned 
 going and coming, whether the cab 
 returns empty or otherwise. 
 
 FERRIES. 
 
 Following is a list of the ferries 
 plying between Boston and the 
 surrounding shores: 
 
 Chelsea Ferry foot of Hanover 
 Street to Chelsea foot of Winnisimmet 
 Street. 
 
 North Ferry foot of Battery Street 
 to East Boston or 
 
 South Ferry foot of Eastern 
 Avenue to East Boston. 
 
 Boston & Revere Beach Railroad 
 Ferry, 350 Atlantic Avenue. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Boston possesses like aU large 
 American cities, yery good hotel 
 accommodations, one of the most 
 
 177 
 
 9* 
 
recommendable for good service, 
 central location and fine appoint- 
 ments is the Copley Square Hotel. 
 It is situated near Trinity Chm-ch, 
 the Art Museum, the New Public 
 Library, and in close proximity to 
 the principal theatres and the shop- 
 ping center, cor. Huntington Ave. 
 and Exeter St. 
 
 RESTAURANTS. 
 
 There are several hundred restau- 
 rants of all classes in the business 
 section of Boston. Among the best 
 are those of the leading hotels. 
 Others specially to be mentioned are: 
 Marsion's Restaurant on Brattle 
 Street for ladies and gentlemen, the 
 largest restaurant in the city. Fetter's 
 restaurants, of which half a dozen 
 are in the different sections of the 
 city can be well recommended. 
 
 A very good German Restaurant 
 is the one at 37 Elliot Street, owned 
 by Jacob Wirth & Co. There are 
 to be found imported Rhine Wines, 
 French Clarets and the best imported 
 beers. 
 
 Mc Donald's, 132 Tremont Street 
 and 16 Winter Street, is populjir 
 with ladies. 
 
 Weber's 25 Temple Place. 
 
 Dooling's 157 Tremont Street. 
 
 Frost & Dearborn's 8 and 10 Pearl 
 Street are of the same character. 
 
 The Winter-Place Hotel on 
 Winter-Place is one of the finest 
 Cafes in the city. 
 
 Hill's Restatirant, at the comer of 
 Washington and Boylston streets is 
 the rendezvous of lovers of sports. 
 Vercelli's 61 La Grange Street is 
 the leading Italian Restaurant and 
 patronized by fashionable Boston. 
 
 HISTORY OF BOSTON. 
 
 Boston is situated on a peninsula. 
 The settlement made in 1630 by 
 John Winthrop was first called 
 Shawmut, afterwards Trimountain. 
 To day the area of Boston is over 
 23,500 acres and the population over 
 half a million. Early in the history 
 of the city the people spoke of the 
 
 different sections of the town as the 
 "North End", the "West End", the 
 "South End". This "South End" is 
 to day the „Central District'. The 
 other names are still in use. 
 
 The North End is now the quarter 
 of the poorer classes, it includes 
 Hanover Street, which is known as 
 the Bowery of Boston. The street 
 starts from ScoUay Square and rims 
 to Aspinwall's wharf. At the east 
 of Hanover Street is the Italian 
 quarter "little Italy", to the west, 
 where the Hebrews predominate: 
 "New Jerusalem". 
 
 The Central District is the bus- 
 iness quarter; here are the public 
 buildings, offices, hotels, theatres, 
 newspapers, banks, railway depots etc. 
 
 The West End. is the fashionable 
 part of Boston; it includes the Public 
 and Common Garden, Beacon Hill 
 and the Back Bay. The finest street 
 in this quarter is " Coinmonwealtk 
 Avenue" , it is known as one of the 
 most beautiful streets in the Country. 
 
 The South End is a residence 
 district. There are some lively 
 "retail trade" streets, the most 
 important of which is Washington 
 Street. 
 
 These four quarters constitute 
 Boston proper. They are surrounded 
 by the "Annexed Districts". 
 
 East Boston reached by street 
 cars from Bartlett Street through 
 Washington, Congress, State, Devon- 
 shire, Hanover and Battery to the 
 ferry. It is a manufacturing center 
 and filled with piers, dry docks, 
 warehouses, mills, smoking establish- 
 ments and coal wharves. East Boston 
 contains also several parks: 
 
 Wood Island covers about eighty 
 acres, (fine view of the harbor). 
 
 Belm,ont Square situated, where 
 the forts of 1776 and 1814 were 
 located. 
 
 East Boston is connected with the 
 mainland by bridges at Chelsea and 
 Winthrop. 
 
 South Boston is reached by the 
 red car marked South Boston and 
 "City Point". It may be taken at 
 Union Station. Another car runs 
 from Park Square and Charles Street 
 South Boston is also an industrial 
 center. Here are great cordage works, 
 sugar refineries , breweries , iron 
 
 178 
 
works etc. Its pleasant places are 
 on the hills near city Point; the 
 foremost park is "Marine Park" with 
 its beautiful promenades along the 
 shore, the great pier, the statue of 
 Farragut and its yachting stations. 
 
 Thomas Park, on Telegraph HUl. 
 occupies the site of the "Dorchester 
 Heights", on the west of which 
 Wasliington planted the batteries 
 which drove the British out of Boston 
 in 1776. The spot is marked by 
 a granite tablet. In Thomas Park is 
 the famous Perkins Asylum for the 
 Blind. In old Harbor Street is Carney 
 Hospital. 
 
 Roxbury District can be reached by 
 two ways. Street cars pass Rowe's 
 wharf along Atlantic Avenue Summer, 
 Washington, Eliot, Tremont streets 
 to and through Roxbury. The other 
 route is from East Boston Ferry via 
 Hanover Street to ScoUay Square and 
 via Tremont St. to Roxbury Crossing. 
 It is a nice residence quarter. In 
 Eliot Square, into which Dudley, 
 Roxbury and Highland Streets con- 
 verge, stands the meeting-house of 
 the "First Religious Society of Rox- 
 bury". The old Universalist Church 
 stands near by. On the hill between 
 Beech Glen and Fort Avenues,_ stands 
 the Cochituate standpipe with fine 
 view from the top. On the comer 
 of Washington and Eustis Streets 
 is the old graveyard, in which John 
 Elliot is buried. In Dimock Street is 
 the New England Hospital for 
 Women. 
 
 To Dorchester District. The blue 
 cars marked "Meeting House Hill", 
 "Dorchester" start from Franklin 
 Street. The other road via Grove 
 Hall by the green car marked 
 "Dorchester". It is a pleasant place 
 for residences, owing to its pictu- 
 resque hills fine water and land view. 
 
 The Charlestown District!?, reach- 
 ed via Bunker Hill or via Scollay 
 Square. In this district, on Breed's 
 Hill, is "Bunker Hill Monument". 
 From the observatoiy on the top a 
 fine view may be obtained. In the 
 building at the base of the monu- 
 ment are memorials of the battle 
 and a statue of General Warren. 
 The bronze statue of Colonel Pres- 
 cott occupies the spot where he is 
 
 supposed to have stood at the 
 beginning of the battle. 
 
 The Navy Yard at "Moulton's 
 Point" contains extensive parks, a 
 parade ground, store houses, marine 
 barracks, arsenal, a hammered granite 
 dry dock, a museum, a library etc. 
 The yard is open daily. Passes can 
 be obtained at the main gate, at the 
 junction of Wapping and Water 
 Streets. 
 
 The West Roxbury District is the 
 largest and most beautiful of the 
 annexed sections of the city. Here 
 are the great public parks. Jamaica- 
 way, the Arnold Arboretum, Franklin 
 Park, the Bussey Institute and Forest 
 Hills Cemetery. 
 
 The Brighton District conteiins 
 the Chestnut Hill Reservoir ; a 
 beautiful driveway surrounds this 
 work, which covers 200 acres. When 
 filled the basins hold 800,000,000 
 gallons. 
 
 GREATER BOSTON. 
 
 Lying within a radius of ten miles 
 of the City Hall, Boston, are thirty 
 municipalities whose interests are so 
 closely identified with those of the 
 city proper, and so continuous is the 
 population of these sections that it 
 is difficult to draw a boundary line 
 and say where one leaves off or 
 another begins. ' Within this met- 
 ropolitan district are the eleven 
 cities of Cambridge, Lynn, Somer- 
 ville , Chelsea , Maiden , Newton, 
 Waltham, Quincy, Everett, Medford, 
 and Woburn, and in these cities and 
 the adjoining towns are the homes 
 of thousands of people whose business 
 interests are in Boston, and who 
 daily come to their work in the city. 
 
 To all these places combined is 
 given the name of "Greater Boston". 
 Each of the different cities has its 
 interesting Features; several are 
 tamous m special manufacturing 
 industries : Chelsea for rubber goods, 
 Lynn for shoes, Waltham for watches 
 and Woburn for tanneries. All have 
 also fine residence quarters and are 
 connected with Boston proper by 
 boulevards. 
 
 Brookline, south of the Back Bay 
 district is famous for its drives and 
 walks. 
 
 179 
 
Cambridge known all over the 
 world as the seat of the great univer- 
 sity. Noteworthy are the printing 
 ofhces, which, it is said, are the largest 
 in America. City Hall on Main 
 Street and the Library on Broadway 
 and Irving Street are conspicuous 
 pieces of architecture. 
 
 Historic is the ''Old Elm", corner 
 of Mason and Garden Streets, under 
 which Washington stood, when he 
 took command of the Continental 
 army in 1775. The tree is still there. 
 
 Newton: is the principal fresh 
 water boating place. 
 
 Somerville with Prospect Hill 
 and Winter Hill with the "old 
 powder tower" constructed in 1775. 
 
 Medford is the seat of Tuft's 
 College. 
 
 Lynn is the largest shoe manu- 
 facturing town in the United States 
 and has a great electric industry. 
 
 Salem interesting for its historical 
 assoriations. In the western part is 
 "Gallows hill", where the execution 
 of witches took place. The house 
 where Hawthorne wrote "The Scarlet 
 Letter" is stUl standing. 
 
 Another interesting building is the 
 Ingersoll house dating from 1662. 
 It is called "the house of the Seven 
 Gables". 
 
 In Salem is a State Normal School, 
 the Essex Institute and the East 
 India Marine Hall with a fine ethnol- 
 ogical museum. 
 
 Concord, nineteen miles from 
 Boston is a picturesque old town. 
 It is reached by the Boston and 
 Maine Railway or by the Fitchburg 
 Railway. In Concord the "Old 
 Manse" the Concord Monimient and 
 the Davis Museum of relics in the 
 old Court House, are worth seeing. 
 
 The cemeteries, which have more 
 than a local interest are those at 
 Mount Atibiirn and Forest Hills. 
 
 Mount Aubuj^n Cemetery is the 
 most widely-known cemetery in the 
 country. It is situated partly in 
 Cambi-idge, partly in Watertown and 
 can be reached by street cars. It is 
 filled with memorials to eminent 
 people in all branches of life. 
 
 Forest Hills Ccmdery is near the 
 Forest Hills Station of the New York, 
 New Haven & Hartford Railway. 
 Electric cars run also to this beautiful 
 burying ground. The gateway is 
 remarkable. The cemetery contains 
 many interesting memorials. 
 
 PARKS AND SQUARES. 
 
 Boston is surrounded 
 
 most prominent of which 
 
 parks ; 
 
 '7 
 the most prominent of 
 
 is the Common. The level 
 ground east of Charles Street has 
 been used from the very earliest 
 times as a Parade-ground. The 
 present area of the Common is 
 about fifty acres, bounded by 
 Boylston, Charles, Beacon, Park and 
 Tremont Streets. Near the Park 
 Street mail is the "Brewer Fountain". 
 The "Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 
 occupies the hill by the "Frog Pond". 
 The four bronze statues on the 
 projecting pedestals represent Peace, 
 the Sailor, History, and the Soldier. 
 The four bronze reliefs between the 
 pedestals represent: The return 
 from the War, The Sanitary 
 Commission, The Departure for 
 the War and The Departure 
 of the Sailor from. Home. A 
 Roman-doric column of white granite 
 rises from the pedestal between the 
 statues. The four figures at its base 
 represent the North, the East, the 
 South and the West. On top of the 
 shaft stands the "Genius of America". 
 Near the Tremont Street mall 
 stands the monimient commemorating 
 the "Boston Massacre of 1770". On 
 the Boylston Street side of the 
 Common is the old Central Burying 
 Ground. 
 
 The Public Garden of about 
 25 acres forms a continuation of the 
 Common. In the center is an artifi- 
 cial pond. It contains near Arlington 
 Street an equestrian statue of 
 Washington, by Thomas Ball. Neai" 
 the statue is a fountain, whose basin 
 is adorned by a marble : " Venus 
 rising from the Sea". On the same 
 side of the Public Garden is the 
 monument commemorating " The 
 discovery of ether''. 
 
 The statue of Edward Everett, by 
 W. W. Story, is on the Beacon Street 
 side of the garden. 
 
 180 
 
On the Boylston Street side stands 
 the bronsQ statue of Charles Sum-mer. 
 Near this is the statue of Thomas 
 Cass, the colonel of the d^^ Massa- 
 chusetts Volunteers. 
 
 The new Public Park System 
 comprises about 15000 acres. 
 
 We commence with th? grounds 
 between Copps Hill Burying Ground 
 and the sheet of water, the confluence 
 of the Charles and Mystic rivers. 
 This is the newest of Boston's parks.- 
 At South Boston Point is Marine 
 Park including historic Castle Island, 
 with which it is connected by a 
 bridge. 
 
 The next park is "Franklin Park" 
 of about 600 acres. Among its 
 features are: Ellicott House at the 
 entrance to Ellicott dale, the Dairy, 
 Sheepfold and on the other side, the 
 "Wilderness", the great "Playstead", 
 the "Greeting" and the "Deer Park". 
 
 Carriages stand near the theatre 
 at Blue Hill entrance. A seven- 
 mile drive, taking in aU the points 
 of interest in the park, costs 25 cents. 
 
 The Arnold Arboretum is the 
 largest tree museimi in the world 
 and should not be missed by any 
 traveler. 
 
 famaica Park encircles Jamaica 
 Pond and comprises 120 acres. The 
 pond covers 70 acres. 
 
 Leverett Park, between Tremont 
 and Perkins Streets is partly in 
 Boston, partly in Brookline. 
 
 The Fens about 115 acres, are 
 artistically laid out. They contain the 
 statue of Leif Ericsson, the Norse 
 discoverer of America. An ideal 
 statue by Miss Whitney. 
 
 Along the river front on Charles 
 Street is Charlesbank, it lies between 
 Cragie's and West Boston bridges. 
 
 THEATRES. 
 
 Bijou Theater, 543 Washington Street 
 
 (light attractions). 
 Boston Museum, 28 Tremont Street 
 
 (new plays and English comedies). 
 Boston Theater, 539 Washington 
 
 Street. 
 Bowdoin Square Theater in Bowdoin 
 
 Square. 
 Castle Square Theater, 421 Tremont 
 
 Street. 
 
 Columbia Theater on Washington 
 
 Street. 
 Dudley Street Opera House, 118 
 
 Dudley Street (light operas). 
 Grand Museum, corner Washington 
 
 and Dover Streets. (Variety, 
 
 continuous performance). 
 Grand Opera House, 1176Washington 
 
 Street. (Stock Company). 
 Hollis Street Theater, 10 HoUis 
 
 Street. 
 Howard Athenaeum, 34 Howard 
 
 Street. (Variety). 
 Huntington Hall in Rogers Building 
 
 (lectures). 
 Horticultural Hall on Tremont Street 
 
 (lectures, balls). 
 Hub Amusement Company, 189 
 
 Hanover Street (variety, continuous 
 
 perfonnance, museum). 
 Keith's New Theater, 547 Washington 
 
 Street (variety, continuous per- 
 formance). 
 Lyceum Theater, 665 Washington 
 
 Street (variety, continuous per- 
 formance). 
 Music Hall, Winter Street (concerts), 
 
 with the great organ; one of the 
 
 finest music halls in the world, 
 ' Symphony Concerts. 
 Mechanics Hall in the Massachusetts 
 
 Charitable Mechanic Association's 
 
 building corner West Newton Street 
 
 and Hungtington Avenue. (Seating 
 
 Capacity 8000. — Grand Opera, 
 
 large entertainments.) 
 Park Theater, 176 Washington Street 
 
 (high class combination house). 
 Tremont Theater, 117 Tremont Street 
 
 (high class combination house). 
 The Turnhalle, 29 Middlesex Street^ 
 
 headquarters of the Turners. 
 Tremont Temple, 82 Tremont Street 
 
 (concerts, lectuies). 
 
 MUSEUMS. . 
 
 Boston Athenaeum, 10 Beacon Street 
 (paintings and statues fine library). 
 
 Boston Museum, 28 Tremont Street 
 (paintings, statuary, coins), ad- 
 mission 35 cents. 
 
 Barnum Museum, Tuft's College, 
 College Hill, Medford (natural 
 history collection). 
 
 Bunker Hill Museum (collection of 
 colonial and revolutionary relics). 
 
 Botanical Garden, Cambridge. 
 
 181 
 
Boston Natural History Museum, 
 comer of Boylston and Berkeley 
 Streets free for several hours on 
 Wednesday and Saturday. On other 
 days open from 10 to 5 o'clock, 
 admission fee 25 Cents. 
 
 Faneuil Hall Collection of Historical 
 Paintings, Merchants, Row and 
 Faneuil Hall Square, historical 
 paintings and portraits; open every 
 day (except Sunday) from 9 to 
 8 o'clock. 
 
 Historic Genealogical Collection, 
 18 Somerset Street. Interesting 
 collection of old prints, books and 
 engravings. Open every week day 
 from 9 to 5. 
 
 Kiino Grotto Museum and Gardens, 
 Wellesley, a most unique pleasure 
 ground with a collection of rare 
 plants, zoological collection, aqua- 
 rium, underground ferneries, grot- 
 toes etc. 
 
 Massachusetts Historical Museum, 
 30 Tremont Street, open from 9 
 to 5. Admission free. 
 
 Museum of Comparative Zoology, 
 Oxford Street, Cambridge. The 
 museum belongs to Harvard 
 University. Open from 9 to 5. 
 Aii mission free. The finest in- 
 stitution of the kind in America. 
 
 Old South Museum, corner of Wash- 
 ington and Milk Streets, collection 
 of historical relics. Admission 
 25 cents. 
 
 Old State House Collection, corner 
 Washington and State Streets. 
 Paintings, portraits, antiquities etc. 
 open from 9.3*' to 5.3o. Admission 
 free. 
 
 Peabody Museum of American 
 Archaeology and Ethnology, Cam- 
 bridge. Admission free. Open 
 from 9 to 5. 
 
 Warren Museum of Natural History, 
 82 Chestnut Street, private museum 
 formed from collections made by 
 Dr. J. C. Warren. Admission free. 
 
 State House Collection, Beacon 
 Street, near Park Street, collection 
 of historical relics. Admission free. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 The Boston Public Library on Dart- 
 mouth and Boylston Streets, facing 
 Copley Square, is one of the largest 
 libraries in the world; it contains 
 
 about TOO.OOObooks and has several 
 special collections. The Building 
 is worthy of its purpose and the 
 decorations worth examining. 
 
 Boston Athenaeum contains a valu- 
 able library. 
 
 Boston Medical Librstry Association, 
 19 Boylston Place. 
 
 Congregational Library, corner of 
 Somerset and Beacon Streets. 
 
 General Theological Library, 6 Mount 
 Vernon Street. 
 
 Library of the Massachusetts Histor- 
 ical Society, 30 Tremont Street. 
 
 Library of the New England Histor- 
 ical — Genealogiccd Society , 18 
 Somerset Street, 
 
 Natural History Museum Librciry, 
 corner Boylston and Berkeley 
 Streets. 
 
 State Library of Massachusetts in 
 the State House. 
 
 Social Law Library, in the Court 
 House, Court Square. 
 
 MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 Boston is famous for good music, 
 and the musical art is furthered by 
 numerous musical societies. The 
 most prominent ones are: 
 
 The Apollo Club, sixty to eighty 
 active members. The membership 
 includes the best vocalists of Boston. 
 No public concerts are given. The 
 associate members, the number of 
 which is limited to 500, receive 
 tickets to all the concerts given by 
 the club for an annual assessment. 
 Its concerts are given in Music Hall. 
 
 The Boylston Club : It gives canta- 
 tas, masses and psalms. Admission 
 to its concerts in Music Hall is by 
 tickets, obtainable only from members 
 of the Club. 
 
 The Boston Symphony Orchestra 
 is a permanent organization and one 
 of the best Orchestras in the world. 
 It gives weekly concerts during the 
 season in Music Hall. 
 
 The Cecilia Society has a chorus 
 of mixed voices of 125. Admission 
 to the concerts is secured by member- 
 ship — there are 250 associate 
 members, who bear the expenses of 
 the association — or by invitation. 
 
 The Orpheus Mtisical Society is 
 the leading German musical society. 
 
 182 
 
It gives several concerts during the 
 season. 
 
 The Harvard Musical Association 
 has a valuable musical library, open 
 to its members. 
 
 The Handel and Hayden Society 
 gives principally oratorios in Music 
 Hall. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Boston, as the "blue stocking" city 
 of the United States is as may be 
 expected, well supplied with schools. 
 Statistics comprise over 600 general 
 and special schools. 
 
 Interesting for visitors are the 
 followings : 
 
 The Boys' Latin and English 
 High School. It occupies the block 
 bounded by Warren Avenue, Claren- 
 don, Montgomery and Dartmouth 
 Streets. It is one of the model 
 schools of the United States. 
 
 The Girl's Latin and High School 
 is on the corner of West Newton 
 and Pembroke Streets. 
 
 The Boston Normal School is in 
 the Rice School Building on Dart- 
 mouth Street and is a fitting school 
 for lady teachers. 
 
 The Horace Mann School for 
 Deaf Mutes in Newbury Street. 
 
 The Boston University has its 
 head quarters in Jacob Sleeper Hall, 
 on Somerset Street. It embraces 
 three colleges, three professional 
 schools, and a post-graduate depart- 
 ment of universal science. 
 
 Boston College, on Harrison Avenue 
 is conducted by the Fathers of the 
 Society of Jesus. 
 
 Chauney Hall School, Boylston 
 Street, is the oldest private school 
 in Boston. 
 
 Harvard University, Cambridge, 
 founded in 1636. In 1638 the 
 institution, a college, then received a 
 bequest of $ 780.— and a library of 
 260 books, from the Rev. John 
 Harvard. In memory of the benefactor 
 the college was called "Harvard". 
 To day Harvard is one of the richest 
 colleges of America. It possesses 
 property worth $ 12,000,000. In 
 Cambridge are the college,the graduate 
 school, the Divinity school, the 
 Lawrence Scientific School, and the 
 Law school. In Boston proper the 
 
 183 
 
 Dental School, the Medical School, 
 and the School of Veterinary Med- 
 icine. In Jamaica Plain the Bussey 
 Institution and the Arnold Arboretum. 
 The scientific departments include 
 the astronomical observatoiy, lab- 
 oratories of chemistry,physics, natural 
 history, psychology, mineialogy; 
 museums of comparative zoology, 
 botany, geology, mineralogy, and 
 archaeology, botanic gardens and 
 herbaria. 
 
 The College Yard contains : Massa- 
 chussets Hall, Harvard Hall, Univer- 
 sity Hall, Gore HaU containing the 
 University library; the Boylston 
 Chemical Laboratory, Sever HaU, 
 Holden Chapel, Appleton Chapel, 
 Mathews Hall, Grays Hall, Weld 
 HaU, etc. Architecturally the most 
 imposing is Memorial HalJ, dedicated 
 to the Ha!rvard men, who died in 
 the CivU War. 
 
 In addition to the various society 
 libraries, the university has 29 minor 
 libraries, containing about 100,000 
 volumes. 
 
 The Annex, a university course 
 for young ladies, is on the corner of 
 Garden and Mason Streets. The 
 main building, known as the Fay 
 Hotise is the institution for the 
 Collegiate instruction of Women. 
 
 The Massachtisetts Institute of 
 Technology on Boylston street with 
 the School of Industrial Science. 
 The mainbuilding of the Institute of 
 Technology is the "Rogers BuUding." 
 Next stands the Walker Building. 
 Other buildings are th.QArchttectural 
 Building, the Engineering, Building, 
 the Workshop and the Gymnasium 
 and Drill Hall. 
 
 The Massachtisetts College of 
 Pharmacy, corner Garrison and St. 
 Botolph Streets. 
 
 The New England Conservatory 
 of Music on Newton Street. It 
 embraces five separate schools and 
 a college of music for advanced 
 students, which is connected with 
 Boston University. 
 
 The Perkins Institution and 
 Massachtissetts School for the Blind 
 is on East Broadway, South Boston. 
 
 Churches. Places of worship for 
 every religion are in aU quarters 
 of the city. 
 
HOW TO SEE THE CITY. 
 
 We start at the corner of Wash- 
 ington and Bedford Streets. On the 
 right side of Washington Street, 
 walking to the north we pass solne of 
 the largest retail stores. On the 
 opposite side, between Temple Place 
 and Winter Street, is the famous 
 music publishing house of Oliver 
 Ditson 8c Co. On the southeast 
 corner of Milk and Washington 
 Streets is the oldest evening news 
 paper in Boston "the Boston Tran- 
 script. On the opposite corner of 
 Milk street is "the Old South 
 Meeting Hotise" . (Entrance fee 
 25 cents). On the opposite side_ of 
 Washington Street is an other evening 
 newspaper "the Boston Traveller"" . 
 We turn down Milk Street. No. _ 17 
 is the site of Benjamin Franklin' s 
 birthplace. We pass many buildings 
 occupied by banks, railroads etc., 
 the most notable of them is the 
 International Trust Company. At 
 the corner of Devonshire and Milk 
 is the fine building of the Equitable 
 Life Assurance Society. At the 
 corner of Milk and Congress Streets 
 is the New England Mutual Life 
 Insurance and adjoining this, the 
 Mutual Li/e Insurance Com-pany 
 of New York. 
 
 Crossing Post Office Square we 
 view the Government Building w\\h. 
 tine heroic sculptured groups. 
 
 Turning east on Water Street we 
 pass through Liberty Square with 
 the Mason Building, to Broad 
 Street. At Central Street we turn 
 to the right and come to the Custom 
 House. Near the Custom House, on 
 India Street, is the Chamber of 
 Commerci: Btiilding. 
 
 We pass to the rear of the Custom 
 House along Commercial Street to 
 the Qtcincy Market. Going through 
 the market, we leave by the west 
 portal and are opposite Faneziil Hall. 
 Then we pass through Dock Square 
 to Adams Square with the Statue of 
 Samuel Adams. Turning up Wash- 
 ington Street, we pass the lofty 
 Ames Btiilding on the corner of 
 Court street, on the opposite corner 
 is the Sears Building. In the rear 
 of this building, in Court Street, is 
 Young's Hotel and on our left, at 
 
 the head of State Street, is the Old 
 State House. We walk down State 
 street, which is the financial Center 
 of the City. The most notable 
 building in State Street is the Stock 
 Exchange, a mammoth twelve story 
 building. In the block beyond is 
 the Fiske Building and other office 
 palaces. We go back through State 
 Street to Washington; turning to the 
 left, we are in News Paper Row; 
 this is the part of Washington Street 
 between State and School Streets. 
 Here is the "Globe"", the Daily 
 Advertiser, The Boston Journal, 
 the Herald and the Post. A little 
 further down Washington Strefet is 
 School Street, running between 
 Washington and Tremont Streets. 
 In School street is the "Niles Block"", 
 opposite School Street Block. 
 A few steps bring us to the City Hall. 
 At the left, in the yard, is a bronze 
 statue of Benjamin Franklin. On the 
 right, the statue of Josiah Quincy. 
 King's Chapel is next to the City 
 Hall, and across the street the 
 Parker House. We now turn 
 into Tremont Street. On the 
 corner of Tremont and Beacon 
 Streets is the department store 
 of Houghton & Button. On the 
 right side we pass Kings Chapel, 
 the Boston Museum and at the 
 corner of Court Street, the Hemen- 
 way Building. We have reached 
 "Scollay Square", the terminal point 
 of many streets car lines. The main 
 feature of the place is the bronse 
 statue of Governor John Winthrop. 
 Crossing Scollay Square to the 
 entrance to Pemberton Square we 
 see the County Court House, con- 
 taining some fine emblematic statues. 
 Around Pemberton Square to the 
 left, we enter Somerset Street and 
 turning again to the left we arrive 
 at Jacob Sleeper Hall. At the 
 corner of Beacon and Somerset 
 Streets is the Congregational House. 
 On the east side of Beacon Steet, 
 walking south, is the Boston Athen- 
 aeum, o-^^osiie. to it the Hotel Bellevue 
 and Unitarian House. Corner Beacon 
 and Park Streets is the Raymond 
 Building. On the highest point of 
 Beacon Hill stands the State House. 
 In the yard are the statues of 
 Webster and Horace Mann. 
 
 184 
 
At the corner of Beacon and Joy- 
 is the Hotel Tudor. In its rear, 
 No. 1 Joy Street, the Diocesan 
 House. 
 
 After crossing Beacon Street, the 
 Ccmmon is entered by the Joy 
 Street gate. We leave the Common 
 by the Charles Street gate and cross 
 to the Ptiblic Garden. We walk 
 across the bridge to the Arlington 
 Street gate and crossing Arl- 
 ington Street, we enter Common 
 ■ wealth Avenue, with palatial homes 
 on either side. We follow the shady 
 central path. We pass the granite 
 Sl/"Aue of Alexander Hamiltott. 
 Beyond Berkley street is the Statue 
 df Gen. John Glover. Crossing 
 Clarendon Street the First Baptist 
 Church lies on the left. On the 
 corner of Dartmouth Street is the 
 Vendome. In Front of the Vendome 
 is a statue of William Lloyd 
 Garrison. Turning back to the 
 corner of Dartmouth Street we reach 
 Copley Square, the center of the 
 educational, literary and artistic life 
 in Boston. At our right, corner 
 Boylston and Dartmouth, is the new 
 Old South Chtirch. Facing the 
 square is the new Public library. 
 On the south side is the Museum of 
 FineArts; at the east side stands Triitity 
 church. On the North side of the 
 square are Chancy Hall School and 
 the Second Unitarian Church. From 
 this point one may take an electric 
 car to Harvard College. Returning 
 by the Scollay Square car. At 
 ScoUay Square we board an other 
 car, which takes us to Charlestown. 
 Returning by the same route, we 
 find ourselves at the same point, 
 where we started from. 
 
 THE SEASIDE RESORTS. 
 
 The Harbor: One of the loveliest 
 entertainments Boston can offer to 
 visitors is a sail on her bay. Doctor 
 Schurtleff describes the islands in 
 the bay, in the following amusing 
 way: „Noddle's Island, or East 
 Boston, as it is now called, very- 
 much resembles a great polar bear, 
 with its head north and its feet east. 
 Governor's Island has much the form 
 of a ham, and Castle Island looks 
 like a shoulder of pork, both with J a fine drive-way. 
 
 185 
 
 their shanks at the south. Apple 
 Island was, probably, so named on 
 account of its shape; and Snake 
 Island may be likened to a kidney; 
 Deer Island is very like a whale, 
 facing Point Shirley; Thompson's 
 Island, like a pair of spectacles; 
 Long Island, like a high-top military 
 boot; Rainsford's Island, like a mink; 
 Moon Island, like a leg of venison; 
 Gallop's (not Galloupe's), like a leg 
 of mutton; Lovell's, like a dried salt 
 fish; George's, like a fortress, as it 
 is; Peddock's, like a young sea 
 monster; and Half Moon, like the 
 new or the old moon, as you view 
 it from the south or the north. The 
 other small islands resemble pump- 
 kins, grapes, and nuts, as much as 
 anything; hence the names of them." 
 
 The fort, in actual use, guarding 
 the entrance to the harbor, is Fo^t 
 Warren, on George's Island. . 
 
 Within an hours ride or sail from 
 the Center of the City are many 
 Seaside Resorts, divided as to their 
 location as bolonging to The North 
 Shore and The South Shore. 
 
 Prominent places on the South 
 Shore, which is lined all along with 
 boarding houses, cottages and hotels 
 are: 
 
 Downer Landing overlooking the 
 southern side of the harbor. It is 
 reached by steamboats, which run 
 frequently from Rowe's Wharf to 
 Hull, Nantasket, Downer Landing 
 and Hingham. The attraction at 
 Downer Landing is the Melville 
 Garden boating, fishing, dancing, 
 bathing and other out of door sports. 
 It is a favorite resort for picnic 
 parties and possesses an immense 
 clambake pavilion. Hotel. — Rose 
 Standish House $ 3. — 
 
 As already mentioned, the steamer 
 after leaving Downer Landing touches 
 at Hingham; fine view of harbor 
 and sea. It possesses the Old Ship, 
 a church built in 1681 and still 
 in use. Hotel Gushing House % 2. — 
 Hull stands at the end of the pen- 
 insula. On the hill is the observatovy 
 of the Chamber of Commerce for 
 incoming vessels. Hotel Pemberton 
 $ 4 — . Nantasket Beach is to Boston 
 what Coney Island is to New York. 
 Here is ihefsLmons" Jerusalem Jioad" 
 
By the New York, New Haven and 
 HartfordRailwartbe following points 
 on the South Snore can be reached. 
 Cohasset, twenty miles from Boston 
 with Minot's Light. ScituateiMarsh- 
 field the home of Daniel Webster; 
 Duxbury, near "Captain's Hill"; 
 Plymouth with fine hunting grounds 
 and the National Monument to the 
 Pilgrims, Pilgrim Hall, the Court 
 House and the old graveyard, Burial 
 Hill from whence all the harbor 
 points in connection with Pilgrim- 
 history and the town are in full view. 
 
 Ihe North Shore extends from 
 Boston to Cape Ann. 
 
 The Boston Revere Beach and 
 Lynn Railway conveys us to Win- 
 throp; Revere Beach; Nahant, with 
 the well known Pulpit Rock; Bass- 
 Point; Lynn, which is the greatest 
 
 shoemaking place in the United 
 States and a city of 50,000 inhab- 
 itants; Swampscott; Marblehead, an 
 historiccdly interesting, very old to^Ti; 
 Marblehead Neck, which lies just 
 across the harbor, is a fine harbor; 
 the headquarters of several Yacht 
 Clubs are there; Salem- Willows; 
 Beverly, another important shoe- 
 manufacturing town. Beyond Beverly 
 are; Srid^s Crossing, Beverly, 
 Farms, West Manchester, Man- 
 chester, Magnolia; then Gloucester, 
 reached from Boston by the Boston 
 and Maine Railway; and Eastern 
 Point. 
 
 All these places have comfortable 
 hotels, delightful summer resorts, 
 cottages and boarding houses and 
 are easily reached by boat or railway 
 from the City. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 C Theo Guething, 83 & 85 State Str., Boston, Mass. 
 
 ite 
 
G) 
 
 fH 
 
 ini!ll|{|lll||llllll{jll||illlli:i:ill||j!il|{[l«l||lll|||:|lii»^^^ 
 liiiilMillhiiiiiiillllillllliiiMllllliliiiiiilliillliiiilllllllilB^^^ 
 
 176 Tremont Street 
 
 Under Tremont Theatre 
 
 LADIES: 
 
 Week Days, 9 A. M. To 1 P. M. 
 Sundays, 1,30 To 6,30 P. M. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: 
 
 Week Days, 1 P. M. To 8 A. M. 
 Sundays Until 1 P. M. and 
 
 All Night. 
 
 Telephone; 
 
 BOSTON 2931. 
 
 114 
 
 Boston. 
 
 /Vdolph Lundin, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 J 
 
 | lllllliiiiiiiili<iiliniiiiliiliiilliiiiiiliiiiiliiiiii!iiiiiliii;iliniiilliiiiiiiiaiiiiiii;iiiMiiiNiliiM liiiilaiiiKiailiilinniiii 
 
 e^ 
 
 \D 
 
 186 a 
 
f oplc^ iquarc Jotel 
 
 Huntington Avenue & Exeter Str. BOSTON, Massachusetts. 
 
 A NEW HOTEL OF THE HIGHEST CLASS.' 
 
 Conveniently located near Trinity Church, Art Museum, New Public 
 Library &c., in close proximity to shopping centres and Principal Theatres. 
 Conducted On American and European Systems 
 
 9P 
 
 /. S. Jiisleea ^ Co. 
 
 JACOB WiRTH & Co... 
 
 IVos 33 and 37^ Eliot Street 
 
 BOSTON, Mass. 
 
 Rhine Wine Importers 
 
 French Clarets 
 
 German Restaurant 
 115 and Wine Stube. 
 
 =^= IMPORTED GERMAN BEERS. == 
 
 186 d 
 
M I G H I G A E 
 
 At the "Loo", the Jesuit fathers, 
 Jacques and Raymbault, established 
 an Indian mission as early as 1641. 
 In 1688, Father Marquette, the well 
 known priest, founded the mission 
 of St. Ignace, which, a few years 
 later, became a French military post. 
 Cadillac with his soldiers, in 1701, 
 founded Fort Pontchartrain, on the 
 site of which, the famous "City of 
 the Straits", Detroit, sprung up. In 
 1760-61, after the conquest of Canada, 
 British garrisons occupied Detroit 
 and the "Loo". 
 
 Soon afterwards, the great Indian 
 chief Pontiac incited the Western 
 Countiy against its new masters and 
 besieged Detroit for ^ many wSeks. 
 In later times, Detroit became the 
 capital of the vast north-western 
 territories of the British Dominion, 
 remaining under British control until 
 1796, when general Wayne's troops 
 replaced the British garrison. From 
 that time till 1800, Michigan was a 
 part of the U. S. Territory north- 
 west of the Ohio River, then became 
 a part of Indiana Territory and was 
 for some time united with Wisconsin, 
 Minnesota, Iowa and Dakota east of 
 the Missouri. In 1836 Michigan was 
 again reduced to nearly its present 
 area. In 1837 it was admitted as a 
 State. It had trouble for some time 
 with Ohio, on account of its boundary 
 line. The little strip of Northern 
 Ohio, including Toledo and Maumee 
 Bay, covering 600 sq. miles, was 
 held by Michigan with great tenacity, 
 the nrilitia of the two states preparing 
 to do battle for it on the plains of 
 Toledo. A compromise was finally 
 effected by the Upper Peninsular 
 
 being ceded to the young common- 
 wealth, in exchange for the disputed 
 territory. 
 
 The Michigan contingent in the 
 great Civil War, was 90,747 men, 
 composing 81 regiments of infantry, 
 11 of cavalry and 14 battalions. 
 
 In 1860, the population was 
 749,113; in 1890, 2,093,889. 
 
 Michigan has more Canadians 
 (148,866) and more Hollanders 
 (17,177) than any other state. The 
 German born population was 135,509, 
 35,481 of whom were living at De- 
 troit. The Indians of Michigan 
 include the Vieux Desert, I'Ause and 
 Ontonagon bands of Chippewas, on 
 the Upper Peninsular, numbering 
 about 6,000, 600 Chippewas, on the 
 Isabella Reservation, near Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, and thePottowattomies of Huron, 
 on the Lower Peninsula. 
 
 Michigan derives its name from 
 the Chippewa; "Mitchi lawgyegan", 
 meaning "Great Lake". It is pop- 
 ularly styled the "Wolverine State", 
 on account of the great number of 
 these animals once found here. 
 
 ADRIAN, Mich. 
 
 A flourishing town, on the Raisin 
 River, in the southern part of 
 Michigan, in the midst of a rich 
 farming country, whose manufactur- 
 ing and trade center it is, with about 
 9000 inhabitants. Seat of Adrian 
 College, founded in 1859, with twelve 
 instructors and six schools, including 
 the Divinity School of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 Bay View is a famous summer 
 resort and gathering place of Chau- 
 
 187 
 
tauquans cind university extension 
 worliers. Is is situated on the eastern 
 shore of Lake Michigan, is easily 
 reached by rail and steamer and in 
 the summer has a population of 
 about 20,000. 
 
 The history of Bay View is com- 
 paratively recent, but in these few- 
 years its fame has gone far and 
 wide. 25 years ago, when the site 
 was bought, thirty Indians and their 
 chief united in the transfer. All the 
 region was a dense wilderness, but 
 now a well-built summer city of 
 over four himdred cottages rises 
 among the terraced groves, with all 
 the conveniences and elegance of a 
 permanent city. Five lines of steamers 
 on the great lakes and two railway 
 lines to-day make the place pleasantly 
 accessible, and low-priced summer 
 tourist tickets, sold everywhere, 
 practically bring the place near to 
 the populous centers. 
 
 In the assembly hall at Bay View 
 there are seldom less than 1,000 per- 
 sons present to listen to the evening 
 d scourses, and the selection of this 
 spot in the immediate vicinity of 
 several other places, for summer 
 university studies, is a sufficiently 
 emphatic assurance of the delightful 
 social character of all these com- 
 munities. The advantage of becoming 
 acquainted with celebrated thinkers 
 and teachers of all parts of the 
 country, is, of itself, a great induce- 
 ment to visit the resorts of Little 
 Traverse Bay 
 
 ALPENA, Mich. 
 
 A lumber port at the head of 
 Thunder Bay on Lake Huron. The 
 place is known for the Alpena Well 
 Spring, remarkably rich in sulphur- 
 etted hydrogen. Alpena is also the 
 nearest raihoad approach to Turtle 
 Lake, about 37 miles south-west of 
 Alpena. The lake derives its name 
 from its singular resemblance to a 
 turtle. 
 
 It lies in the midst of and is sur- 
 rounded by one of the grand and 
 impressive old, almost primeval, 
 lower peninsular pine forests. The 
 main body of the lake is about two 
 miles in length and nearly as wide, 
 while the head of the lake (or turtle) 
 is a small lake connected with the 
 
 main body or lake by a little stream 
 called the "neck", which is really 
 the "outlet" of the lake. This "head' , 
 or small lake is very deep and no 
 bottom has, as yet, been found to it. 
 
 ANN AEiBOR, Mich. 
 Best known as the seat of the 
 University of Michigan, one of the 
 most prominent American educa- 
 tional institutions, Ann Arbor, on 
 both banks of the Huron River, has 
 10,000 inhabitants. The University 
 was founded in 1817 and has, at 
 present, no less than 170 instructor's 
 and over 3000 students of both 
 sexes, also a fine library of 105,000 
 volumes. The buildings are erected 
 in the midst of grounds covering 
 44—1/2 acres. The United States 
 grant amounts to $ 500,000 ; the State 
 appropriated $1,200,000 and the city 
 of Ann Arbor has made generous 
 gifts. University Hall is 437 ft. 
 long and 140 feet deep and is devoted 
 to the department of literature, science 
 and art. The museum contains 
 400,000 specimens and the new 
 laboratory, for the study of chem- 
 istiy, is exceptionally large. The 
 Obsei^vatory is on a hill, about a 
 mile from the other buildings. 
 Advanced students pursue the Ger- 
 man seminary method of instruction. 
 There have been many women 
 students at the University, since 
 their admission in 1870. The Union 
 School is a very good Hi^ School, 
 with about 1000 pupils. There are 
 also several guilds, connected with 
 the various churches, at which lecture 
 courses are given. Five mineral 
 springs. 
 
 BATTLE CREEK, Mich. 
 A milling town of 13,197 inhabit- 
 ants, at the confluence of the Battle 
 Creek and Kalamazoo rivers. Battle 
 Creek College is the chief school of 
 the Seventh Day Baptists, who like- 
 wise have their publishing head- 
 quarters here. There is also a very 
 famous Sanatorium for water cures 
 and diabetic treatment without the 
 aid of medicine. 
 
 BAY CITY, Mich. 
 The fourth largest city of Michigan, 
 
 188 
 
 i 
 
with some 30,000 inhabitants, situ- 
 ated just above where the Saginaw 
 River empties into Saginaw Bay on 
 Lake Hm-on. Bay City is the ship- 
 ping point for all salt and lumber, 
 sent out by Saginaw merchants and, 
 consequently, of great importance, 
 There is also a large export trade 
 carried on in fish. West Bay City 
 is its twin, on the west bank of the 
 Saginaw River. 
 
 BEAVER ISLAND, Mich. 
 In the north-east corner of Lake 
 Michigan, the seat of the Mormon 
 Colony of St. James, founded in 1846. 
 
 BOIS BLANC ISLAND, Mich. 
 
 The name of an island in the 
 north-western corner of Lake Huron. 
 The name iS French, meaning "white 
 wood" or bass-wood, with which the 
 island was heavily wooded prior to 
 the Canadian Rebellion or the 
 patriot war, of 1837-8. At that time 
 the forest was cut down to allow 
 the guns of Fort Maiden, at Amherst- 
 berg, an unobstructed range over 
 Bois Blanc to the islands on the 
 American side, as the latter were at 
 one time a base of operations in the 
 rebel plan of invading Canada. 
 
 The island comprises exactly 207 
 acres of good clay land, ofwichtwo 
 acres belong to the Canadiem govern- 
 ment and used as a light-house site. 
 There are also two range lights at 
 the head of the island, occupyrag 
 fourteen and twenty-four square feet 
 respectively, which are also owned 
 by the government; over 100 acres 
 are cleared and feimed without a 
 single stump. It is a favorite resort 
 for round trips from Mackinac Island, 
 the most popular summer resort in 
 northern Michigan. 
 
 CHEBOYGAN, Mich. 
 A lumber port, opposite Bois Blanc 
 Island, in the north-western corner 
 of Lake Huron. Lake Cheboygan, 
 a few miles south of the town, with 
 romantic environs, connected with 
 the port by the Michigan Central 
 Railroad. 
 
 COLD WATER, Mich. 
 A town, near the boundary line, 
 between Indiana and Michigan, known 
 
 as the seat of the State Public 
 School for Dependent Children, a 
 noble and very useful institution, on 
 a farm of 120 acres. The inmates 
 are 200 healthy children, from two 
 to twelve years of age, who would 
 otherwise have to be maintained and 
 educated by the State, which also 
 finds homes for them. 
 
 DETROIT, Mich. 
 
 The Metropolis of Michigan, situ- 
 ated on the north-west side of the 
 Detroit River, connecting Lakes 
 St. Clair and Erie. It is a very 
 flourishing city, and visitors coming 
 from afar, allow, that in point of 
 beauty, there #re few other cities in 
 the United States surpassing it. 
 Historically speaking, there is hardly 
 another city on the American cont- 
 inent, with a history so full of incid- 
 ents, strongly marked by romantic 
 and tragic interest, as Detroit. It 
 was founded in 1701, by Marechal 
 Cadillac, who bmlt Fort Pontchart- 
 rain and established a trading-post 
 here. After passing through innu- 
 merable vicissitudes, the embryo city 
 finally secured peace and security by 
 becoming a part of the United States 
 at the beginning of the present 
 century. The city, with its 250,000 
 inhabitants and the present gigantic 
 strides it is taking, m the direction 
 of wealth and progress are, in no 
 small measure, due to a steady nat- 
 ural growth in the past. No other 
 city can boast of a water front, equal 
 to that of Detroit; deep enough to 
 allow vessels of the heaviest draught 
 to lay at its wharves. The river is 
 also wide enough and deep enough 
 to aiford anchorage for the combined 
 navies of the world. Detroit has an 
 immense maritime traffic, especially 
 in grain, wood, pork and copper. 
 Detroit is also a manufacturing city 
 of great importance. There are 
 extensive machine shops, railroad 
 car, factories, flour miUs, tobacco 
 and cigar factories, drugs and phar- 
 maceutical preparations, breweries, 
 tanneries, salt, soda and alkali works, 
 pork and fish packeries, shoe and 
 stove factories and other industrial 
 establishments. 
 
 The city extends along the Detroit 
 River for seven to eight miles and 
 
 189 
 
is built up for about four miles from 
 the water. It is laid out upon two 
 plans; the one, that of a circle with 
 avenues radiating from the Grand 
 Circus as a center; the other, that 
 of streets intersecting each other at 
 right angles. The result is a slight 
 degree of intricacy in certain local- 
 ities, which inconvenience, is more 
 than compensated for, by a number 
 of little semicircular and triangular 
 parks, diversifying and ornamenting 
 the place. The streets are very 
 wide and for the most part, shaded 
 by beautiful trees. 
 
 The most important streets are: 
 Jefferson Avenue, parallel with the 
 River; Woodward Avsmie, intersect- 
 ing the former, dividing the city 
 into nearly two equal parts, about 
 half a mile from the river, widening 
 and forming the large square of 
 Campus Martius and Gratist 
 Avenue, near the Campus Martius, 
 containing the large Public Library 
 of 100,000 volumes. 
 
 Among the most interesting feat- 
 ures are the following: The City 
 Hall, facing the Campus Martius 
 and completed in 1871, at a cost of 
 600,000, with a large clock in the 
 tower and a dial plate, eight feet 
 in diameter; the Soldiers' Monutnent, 
 in front of the City Hall, desired 
 by Randolph Rogers, the new Post 
 Office, built at an expense of 
 2,000,000, covering the squai'e, 
 bounded by Lafayette Avenue, Fort, 
 Shelby and Wayne Streets; the First 
 Unitarian Church, at the corner of 
 Edmund Place ; the Harper Hospital, 
 corner of Martin Place; the Chamber 
 of Commerce Building, 15 stories 
 high; The Museum of Fine Arts, 
 on Jefferson Avenue, containing an 
 excellent exhibit, including the 
 Scripp's Collection of Old Masters 
 and the Stearns Collection of Chin- 
 ese, Japanese and East Indian 
 curiosities; the very handsome Bridge 
 to Belle-Isle in the river. 
 
 Be He- Isle is a lovely breathing 
 spot, with ample accommodation for 
 people in all the walks of life, in 
 search of recreation. Every-where 
 the eye is greeted with scenes of 
 surpassing beauty. Romantic drives 
 upon winding roadways under an 
 arched canopy of swaying- branches, 
 
 hcarminlgy laid out picnic grounds, 
 broad acres of natural forest, spa- 
 cious pavilions of unique archi- 
 tectm-e, and scores of other equally 
 attractive features combine to make 
 Belle Isle as near an earthly para- 
 dise as is possible to contemplate. 
 The island in all covers about 700 
 acres and cost the city some years 
 ago $200,000. It has undergone a 
 complete metamorphosis at the ex- 
 penditure of tens of thousands of 
 dollars, but millions would not tempt 
 the toiling masses to part with it 
 now. At the upper end of the island 
 is the substantial stone structure 
 erected by the Government as a 
 lighthouse to mark the channel. 
 
 Other points of interest in the 
 vicinity of the city are : 
 
 Woodmeere and Elmwood Ceme- 
 teries, reached by electric cars; 
 Fort Wayne, the strongest fortress 
 in the lake region, three miles below 
 the city, standing on the bank of the 
 river and commanding the channel, 
 easily reached by the Fort St. and 
 Elmwood St. car. 
 
 Motmt Clemens, known for its 
 mineral springs and sanitary baths, 
 lying on a line, almost directly north. 
 It is pleasantly situated on the Clinton 
 River, a few miles from its mouth 
 and can be reached from Detroit by 
 either boat or rail. 
 
 Grosse Pointe, the fashionable 
 country suburb of Detroit, containing 
 many imposing residences of wealthy 
 Detroiters, nine miles above the city; 
 on Lake St. Clair. 
 
 The Flats, composed of thousands 
 of acres of partly submerged land, 
 are, for this reason, called the "Venice 
 of America." The Flats belong to 
 the government and the only title of 
 possession known, is that , derived 
 from "squatter sovereignty". Not 
 very long ago there was not a human 
 habitation on these Flats; then 
 Detroit began to assume metropolitan 
 airs and the many wealthy citizens, 
 who wanted a summer resort and 
 watering place, at their very doors, 
 came up here to the St. Clair River 
 and built their pretty residences. 
 The majority of the cottages are 
 erected upon pHes, di^iven into the 
 river bed. There are cilso commodous 
 club-houses and hotels. 
 
 190 
 
Windsor, a small Canadian town 
 on the south-east bank of the Detroit 
 River, facing the metropolis and 
 connected with the latter by steamer, 
 running every half hour. 
 
 Wafole Island, lying on the 
 Canadian side of the St. Clair River, 
 used by the British government as 
 an Indian reservation. A visit to this 
 romantic island, will repay anyone, 
 wishing to make a study of the 
 Indians, "in situ". 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Fred G^len^her, 1 & 2 Penninsular 
 Bk. Block, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 G. W. Watson, Grand Tnink Office, 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Ja'ines Rhines, Union Ticket Office, 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Alex A. Saenger, 29 Monroe Ave., 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 H. R. Ziegler, 1040 Michigan Ave., 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 GLADSTONE, Mich. 
 
 The picturesque and small ten 
 year old town of Gladstone, of 
 between two thousand and three 
 thousand inhabitants, is located on 
 a high promontory which overlooks 
 the little Bay de Noc, the sailors' 
 paradise, — a large inlet from the 
 north or lower end of Lake Michigan 
 indenting the Upper Peninsular of 
 the Wolverine State. 
 
 Game of all kinds, from the black 
 bear down to the squirrel; from the 
 snipe and plover, up to ducks and 
 wild turkey, are plentiful. For boat- 
 ing and bathing, the little Bay de 
 Noc furnishes ample facilities. Glad- 
 stone may be easily reached by rail 
 or boat. Its hotel accommodations 
 are satisfactory. 
 
 GRAND HAVEN, Mich. 
 One of the lake ports of Michigan 
 on the lake of the same name, con- 
 
 nected by steamer with Milwaukee 
 Wisconsin. Many visitors choose 
 this pleasant place as a summer resort, 
 the seasons of late years, having 
 been very successful. The lumber- 
 ing trade of Grand Haven is im- 
 portant and its manufactories are 
 flourishing. 
 
 GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. 
 
 150 miles north-west of Detroit, 
 the second largest city of Michigan, 
 having in 1890, 60,278 inhabitants. 
 The city derives its name from the 
 falls of the Grand River, which falls 
 18 feet to a mile, affording valuable 
 water power, with canals on either 
 side. There are many large factories, 
 producing more than 20,000,000 
 worth of goods yearly. Four fifths 
 of the carpet-sweepers, made in the 
 world, are turned out by one factory 
 in Grand Rapids, which works 
 employ 300 hands, making 1200 
 sweepers daily. This is, by far, the 
 foremost corporation of the kind in 
 the world, maintaining a department 
 of invention, to which are due the 
 many patents and devices, constantly 
 originated and utilized in this branch 
 of trade. Every visitor to Grand 
 Rapids is welcome to see this interest- 
 ing establishment. There are also 
 several remarkable public buildings, 
 among which, the United States 
 Courts for Western Michigan and 
 fifty churches. Near the city are 
 large quarries, producing land- 
 plaster and stucco. The Butterworth 
 Springs, in the vicinity of the city, 
 are said to resemble those of Bath, 
 England. There is also the Michi- 
 gan Soldiers' Home, occupying an 
 imposing structure, erected in 1886 
 and taking care of 450 veterans of 
 the Civil War. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 F. Loettgert, 157 Ottawa St., 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 A. Stiller, 117 W. Bridge St., 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 HURONIA BEACH, Mich. 
 A summer resort and watering 
 place, delightfully situated three 
 miles north of Port Huron on Lake 
 Huron. It is one of the most beau- 
 tiful places, in which to spend the 
 
 191 
 
summer months, being especially 
 patronized by southern people, who 
 bringing their families here, rent 
 cottages for the season. The cot- 
 tages, several hundred in number, 
 all face the lake being situated on 
 an avenue running parallel with the 
 line of the beach. Electric cars run 
 between the beach and Port Huron. 
 During the season, a steamer runs 
 daily between Port Huron and 
 Detroit. 
 
 JACKSON, Mich. 
 A manufacturing town, on Grand 
 River, at a point where the railways 
 diverge to Grand Rapids and Lans- 
 ing; celebrated for its extensive 
 bituminous coal mines. In 1890 the 
 city had 27,798 inhabitants. The 
 seat of the Michigan State Penitent- 
 ary, with 1,000 inmates. 
 
 KALAMAZOO, Mich. 
 County seat, on the Kalamazoo 
 River, where three railway lines 
 diverge to White Pigeon, Grand 
 Rapids and South Haven, one of 
 the chief cities of Michigan with 
 17,853 inhabitants (1890); the seat 
 of an important country trade and 
 several prominent schools. T'h.&Mich- 
 igan Female Seminary is here. 
 Kalam-asoo College owns several 
 large buildings, on an area of 25 
 acres on a hill, with an extensive 
 view. The new Ladies' Hall is one 
 of the principal features. The city 
 is also the foremost locality in the 
 world for the cultivation of celery, 
 having 2,000 acres devoted to this 
 industry. The buildings of the State 
 Asylum, for the Insane are spacious 
 and imposing. 
 
 LAKE GOGEBIC, Mich. 
 One of the most celebrated fishing 
 resorts, on the summit of the great 
 water shed, between the Mississippi 
 and Lake Superior; 15 miles long 
 and two to three miles wide. It is 
 1400 feet above the ocean and 800 
 feet above Lake Superior, from 
 which, it is only seven miles -distant. 
 The lake is suiTounded by a dense 
 and luxurious growth of timber, 
 indigenous to this high northern 
 latitude. This region is not only of 
 interest to anglers, but to hunters 
 
 as well. Deer are plentiful in the 
 great forest, bears 2ire frequently 
 met with and grouse abotmd. 
 
 LAKE HURON, Mich. 
 A vast expanse of water, between 
 the 43rd and 46th degree of north 
 latitude, 270 by 160 miles in area; 
 covers 20,000 square miles, 581 feet 
 above the level of the sea and con- 
 tains some 3,000 islands. It varies 
 in depth, from 200 to 1,750 feet, its 
 average depth being 300 feet. Fierce 
 gales often sweep across the wide 
 expanse between Saginaw and Ge- 
 orgian Bays; voyagers are out of 
 sight of land during part of their 
 transit. Saginaw Bay, on the north- 
 east side of the lake, Hes entirely 
 within the Dominion of Canada; 
 Georgian Bay, on the south-west, 
 being within the limits of Michigan. 
 
 LANSING, Mich. 
 The Capital of Michigan since 
 1847, situated on both sides of 
 Grand River. A manufacturing city 
 of only 13,000 inhabitants, but ren- 
 dered important by reason of its 
 large state institutions. The State 
 School for the Blind has 100 inmates, 
 who are taught broom niaking and 
 piano tuning. The Michigan State 
 Agricultural College, with 27 
 instructors and 320 students; the 
 mechanic arts, besides military drill 
 and horticultural and veterinary 
 science are taught here. 
 
 MACKINAC ISLAND, Mich. 
 At the head of Lake Huron, much 
 frequented by travelers, on account 
 of its historical interest and peculi- 
 arly bracing air. Mackinac m the 
 summer season is the social eyrie 
 of the north. Wealth, elegance, 
 culture and grace have here their 
 rendezvous and it only needs to 
 become better known, to become a 
 Mecca, where the magnificent and 
 generous accommodations which now 
 exist, will be insufficient for the 
 multitude that will visit it. 
 
 MANISTEE, Mich. 
 One of the chief ports of Michigan, 
 on the large inland sea, taking its 
 name from the state, situated at the 
 
 192 
 
point, where the Manistee River 
 empties into the Lake. From here, 
 good railway connections with all 
 parts of the State. 
 
 MANISTIQXJE, Mich. 
 
 The leading port of Michigan on 
 
 the northern shore of Lake Michigan; 
 
 landing place of the steamers, 
 
 running between Chicago and Buffalo. 
 
 MARINE CITY, Mich. 
 An attractive and enterprising 
 city, on the western bank of the 
 St. Clair River, well known for the 
 beautiful scenery along its course. 
 The city has only about 4000 in- 
 habitants; its ship-building yards 
 and salt wells are remarkable. 
 Landing place on the great route, 
 from Detroit to Port Huron. 
 
 MARQUETTE, Mich. 
 
 " The Queen City of Lake Supe- 
 rior^' owing to its beautiful situatioe- 
 on the south shore of Lake Supe- 
 rior, the great inland sea and its 
 elegant cottages, nestled among the 
 hills. 
 
 The settlement dates from 1845, 
 in which year, the iron deposits were 
 first worked. The railroad to the 
 mines, was built in 1857; the docks 
 have been so much improved, as to 
 be, at present the finest on the coast. 
 Plenty of money has already been 
 spent in laying out drives to and 
 about Presque Isle, a great headland 
 north of the city, comprising about 
 400 acres, presented to the city by 
 the United States government for 
 park purposes. Travelers will find 
 a visit to this park time well spent. 
 
 MONROE, Mich. 
 The second oldest city of Michigan, 
 being settled in 1784 by the French 
 from Canada. The pretty little town 
 is situated at the head of Lake Erie, 
 about midway between the mouths 
 of the Detroit and Maumee Rivers. 
 The inlet, called Brest Bay, into 
 which the River Raisin empties, on 
 the bank of which river Monroe is 
 situated, constitutes the largest and 
 best harbor at the upper end of the 
 lake and one of the safest harbors 
 along he line of the Great Lakes. 
 Railway communication from Monroe 
 
 to the outer world, is served by the 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 
 Railway, the Toledo Branch of the 
 Michigan Central and the Flint and 
 Pere Marquette Railway. 
 
 It has large manufacturing inter- 
 ests, very extensive nurseries and 
 in the immediately adjacent country, 
 great attention is paid to the raising 
 of beef cattle and high grade draught 
 horses. 
 
 In its municipal equipment, school 
 buildings, coiurt house, city library. 
 Holly water works, electric system, 
 electric railway line, business build- 
 ings and private houses, it will 
 compare favorably with any western 
 city. Three flour mills, two large 
 tile factories, four paper mUls, several 
 sash and blind factories, a grain 
 elevator, a fotmdry, a carding mill, 
 machine shops, the plant of the 
 Sterling Manufacturing Company are 
 among the institutions which help 
 to make of the city a desirable home, 
 and in addition, Monroe distributes 
 annually more telegraph poles than 
 any other point in the world. 
 
 There are ten churches, one 
 convent (St. Mary's Academy) and 
 a Catholic academy for boys. 
 
 MUSKEGAN, Mich. 
 One of the chief ports on Lake 
 Michigan, in the State of Michigan. 
 The fifth largest city in the state, 
 owing to its multiplying industries 
 and factories of toys, wooden ware 
 and pianos, timber mills and water 
 works, receiving their power from 
 the Muskegan River. In 1890 the 
 town numbered 22,702 inhabitants. 
 Pleasant residences of wealthy Mus- 
 kegans line the shore of the pictur- 
 esque Muskegan Lake, four miles 
 from Lake Michigan. Muskegan is 
 one of the most thriving places in 
 the state. 
 
 ORION LAKE, Mich. 
 Is a pretty a body of water and 
 inland lake as can be found in Mich- 
 igan. It is about forty miles from 
 Detroit, on the Detroit, Bay City 
 and Mackinaw branch of the Mich- 
 igan Central R. R. The topography 
 of the surrounding country is rather 
 high and rolling and is some six 
 hundred feet higher than Detroit. 
 
 193 
 
The town of Orion, lying quite close 
 to the lake, is a neat and brisk little 
 place of about one thousand inhab- 
 itants and there is a fine hotel where 
 visitors can obtain pleasant accom- 
 modations. 
 
 PETOSKEY, Mich. 
 One of the chief ports of the Lake 
 Michigan shore. ' It also enjoys con- 
 siderable patronage as a summer 
 resort, bemg one of the places, ex- 
 empt from hay-fever and near famous 
 fishing grounds, among the forest 
 lakes. In its vicinity, the limestones 
 of Little Traverse are broken and 
 shipped from this point. 
 
 PONTIAC, Mich. 
 
 One of Michigan's oldest cities, 
 having been settled in 1818, situated 
 on the Clinton River, almost in the 
 center of the most noted lake district 
 of Oakland County, only 24 miles 
 from Detroit, with the finest drives 
 and most delightful mral surround- 
 ings, being par excellence the res- 
 idence suburb of Detroit. It has now 
 about 8000 inhabitants. It contains 
 many handsome residences, two 
 electric lighting plants, an excellent 
 system of water works, supplied by 
 the abundant water power of the 
 Clinton River, one of the best fire 
 depai'tments in the state, an electric 
 street railway and, last not least, the 
 Eastern Michigan Asylum for the 
 care of the Insane, with 800 inmates. 
 
 Pontiac is also one of the most 
 prosperous business towns in the 
 State; all its numerous institutions 
 are flourishing. Its railroad facilities 
 are excellent and it possesses many 
 advantages as a manufacturing city. 
 The drive front Detroit to Pontiac 
 and the lakes is a most delightful 
 one, the roads being as good as can 
 be found in Michigan and through 
 as beautiful section of Michigan as 
 one may desire to behold. 
 
 MICHIGAN MILITARY 
 ACADEMY. 
 
 25 miles from Detroit and 4V2 miles 
 from Pontiac, with which it is con- 
 nected by rail. The grounds, com- 
 prising 120 acres, are on the shore 
 of Orchard Lake in one of the most 
 beautiful and healthy localities of 
 
 Michigan. The Academy is self-made 
 but subject to State inspection. The 
 course in military instruction is 
 similar to that at West Point and 
 West Point uniforms are worn by 
 the cadets. 
 
 PORT HURON, Mich. 
 
 A flourishing city, of some 15,000 
 inhabitants, at the foot of Lake Huron 
 and one of the most enterprising and 
 go-ahead towns in Michigan. At 
 least 2000 vessels, with an aggregate 
 tonnage of 3,000,000, pass here 
 every year. The boring of the rail- 
 road tunnel, under the river, from 
 Sarnia, facing Port Huron, on the 
 Canadian side, a work involving the 
 outlay of a vast amount of money 
 and fine engineering skill, has re- 
 cently been successfully completed, 
 thus making Port Huron of national 
 importance. It is also important as 
 a lumbering place, the Black River 
 emptying here into the St. Clair, 
 which runs through a rich pine region 
 and down which, is floated the lum- 
 ber, that supplies the numerous saw- 
 mills of the city. The trade in fish 
 is large and there are dry- docks, 
 two grain elevators and three ship 
 yards. 
 
 The first settlement at this point 
 was made in 1790, although a French 
 military post was established here, 
 as early as 1686 and maintained for 
 several years. Fort Gratist, two 
 miles above Port Huron, where the 
 river narrows, until it is less than 
 1000 feet wide, was established in 
 1814, being continued as a United 
 States military post until 1876, when 
 it was abandoned and dismjintled. 
 Huronia Beach is a very pleasant 
 summer resort. 
 
 SAGINAW, Mch. ■ 
 The third largest city of Michigan, 
 with 46,322 inhabitants (1890), on 
 the Saginaw River, the metropolis 
 of the Saginaw lumber and salt 
 region. The production of lumber 
 has been a leading industry, since 
 the opening of mills in the Saginaw 
 Valley, in 1832. In the decade, 
 from 1867-77, this region produced 
 sufficient lumber to put a wall 44 ft. 
 wide around the earth at the equa- 
 tor. These mills turned out, from 
 
 194 
 
1865-80, the enormous quantity of 
 8,857,951,171 feet of lumber. The 
 prairies and oak opening of the 
 southern counties are followed by 
 broad forests of hard wood, along 
 the rivers and the latter by illimitable 
 pineries in the north. This vast 
 product is shipped by water to the 
 various lake ports, being thence 
 distributed by rail. Two thirds of 
 the lumber used in New York and 
 Philadelphia, comes from the Saginaw 
 Valley, the yearly production of 
 which, has risen from 730,000,000 
 feet in 1879, to at present, about 
 1,000,000,000 feet. The lumber 
 industry of the Muron shore con- 
 verges about Saginaw Bay, which 
 is entered by ten rivers, aggregating 
 nearly 900 miles in length floating 
 yearly 600,000,000 feet of logs. The 
 salt mdusty of Michigan has also 
 one of its centers here, where mul- 
 titudes of salt wells have been sunk. 
 There are also furniture and other 
 factories, extending for several miles 
 along the Saginaw River and yielding 
 an immense revenue every year. 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Richard Khuen, Saginaw W. S., 
 Mich. 
 
 Conrad Frey, Room 205, Bearinger 
 Building, Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 SAULT St. MARIE, Mich. 
 
 An important and busy place, on 
 St. Mary's River, near the outlet of 
 Lake Superior and opposite the 
 famous rapids of the same name. 
 A extensive manufacturing town, 
 with about 7000 inhabitants and, 
 at the same time, a popular summer 
 resort. In 1641, it was an Indian 
 mission, later on, a famous Indian 
 trading and meeting place, having 
 been, imdoubtedly, visited by white 
 traders for many years. A palisade 
 was built here by the French in 
 1750 and an international railroad 
 bridge, 3067 feet long, in 1877. 
 
 The famous St. Mary's ship canal 
 was opened by the State ot Michigan 
 in 1855, being afterwards transferred 
 to the United States, since which 
 time, great improvements have been 
 made. The lock, built in 1881, is 
 of granite, with the most approved 
 modeni mechanism. It is the largest 
 
 lock in the world, being 515 feet in 
 length, 80 feet wide and a Uft of 
 20 feet. It can be filled in 15 minutes 
 and can accommodate two large lake 
 steamers. Navigation is kept open 
 here 210 days in the year. Last 
 year, 7,803 vessels passed through, 
 with a freight tonnage of 6,411,423. 
 The value of these cargos exceeded 
 80,000,000. A large lock, 1000 feet 
 long, 100 ft. wide and 21 feet deep, 
 to cost 4,000,000, is in process of 
 construction, oa the site of the lock, 
 opened in 1855. A greater amount 
 of tonnage passes through this canal 
 every year, than through the world- 
 renowned Suez Canal carrying about 
 25,000,000 bushels of wheat, 2,500,000 
 tons of iron ore, 165,000,000 feet of 
 timber and great quantities of coal. 
 At Sault St. Marie, the tracks of the 
 Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic; the 
 Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault St. 
 Marie and the Sault Branch of the 
 Canadian Pacific Railroad converge. 
 The ''St. Marie Rapids are avoided 
 by the St. Mary's ship canal. Anyone 
 visiting Sault St. Mai-ie, called the 
 "Soo", should not faU to see Mary 
 River, the beautiful stream, 62 miles 
 long, forming the only outlet to 
 Lake Superior, and shoot the rapids, 
 in a canoe, with an expert Indian 
 "voyageur." The river itself, is a 
 succession of expansions into lakes 
 and contractions into rivers and is 
 dotted with beautiful forest -clad 
 islands, a few small towns being 
 i scattered along either shore. 
 
 St. CLAIR CITY, Mich. 
 A nice town, half a mile above 
 St. Clair Springs, on the St. Claii 
 River; its wide, paved streets and 
 handsome residences make it a place 
 worth seeing. Center of the salt 
 district, the Diamond Crystal Salt 
 Co. having its works here. 
 
 St. CLAIR SPRINGS, Mich. 
 An interestiug place on the St. 
 Clair River, noted for its celebrated 
 mineral Springs. The Salutaris 
 Natural Mineral Water is said to 
 be unequaled for various stomach 
 disorders and diseases of the kid- 
 neys, whereas as a table beverage, 
 it IS pronounced to be one of the 
 most palatable and healthy of table 
 
 195 
 
waters. The Si. Clair Mineral 
 Springs Baths have gained a wide 
 reputation for their therapeutical 
 virtues and are used by thousands 
 of visitors j'-early. The drive along 
 the river, twelve miles north to Port 
 Huron, and eight miles south, to 
 Marine City, is particularly enjoyable. 
 The St. Clair River is a strait, 
 through wich the waters of Lake 
 Huron find their way to Lakes St. 
 Clair and Erie. 
 
 St. IGNACE, Mich. 
 The old and historic town of St. 
 Ignace, which was settled as early 
 as 1691, by the French from Canada, 
 is situated on the north side of the 
 straits of Mackinac. It is a quaint 
 and picturesque old place, aboimding 
 in relics of the historic past. Pere 
 Marquette is a part of the history 
 of St. Ignace and an important part 
 too. Here the noble priest lies 
 buried and over his grave stands a 
 fitting monument to his ever great 
 and good memoiy. Here too, we 
 find his church still standing where 
 be ministered so well and kindly 
 
 so many years, although to Michigan 
 and the whole North-west, a mon- 
 ument is not necessary to perpetuate 
 and keep fresh the memory and life- 
 work of this pioneer priest. 
 
 TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. 
 One of the most important lake 
 ports on Lake Michigan, in the 
 north-east comer of this large inland 
 sea. It has many lumber mills and 
 foundries and a back country, bright 
 with many lakes. 
 
 YPSILANTI, Mich. 
 A flourishing town of some 7,000 
 inhabitants on the Huron River, 30 
 mUes west of Detroit. Ypsilanti is 
 one of the centers of the south- 
 eastern farming country and the 
 seat of the State Normal School, 
 with training classes for teachers. 
 The Ypsilanti Springs, with their 
 so-called magnetic water, which is 
 in reality not magnetic, are at 
 present attracting many patients. 
 There are also paper mills and other 
 manufactories, profiting by the water 
 power of the Huron. 
 
 19& 
 
MINNESOTA. 
 
 The first white visitors to the 
 shores of "The North Star State" 
 were French fur-traders in 1659. In 
 1679 Du Luth established the first 
 trading posts in Minnesota. In 1680 
 Father Hennepin and two French 
 traders ascended the Mississippi to 
 St. Anthony's Falls and to the Djakota 
 villages near Mille Lacs. In 1688 
 Perrot founded, on Lake Pepin, the 
 first French establishment in Minn- 
 esota. After France surrendered its 
 vast American empire to Great Brit- 
 ain, Jonathan Carver from Connecticut 
 ascended in 1766 the Mississippi to 
 the falls. Minnesota was made up 
 of two sections. The first east of 
 theMississippibelongedtoNewFrance, 
 discovered and owned by the French, 
 and ceded to Great Britain in 1763. 
 A vast area of this domain, along 
 the Ohio, was conquered by George 
 Rogers Clark, in 1778, and annexed 
 to Virginia, which ceded it to the 
 United States, under the name of 
 "The Territory Northwest of the River 
 Ohio", in 1784. The part of Minn- 
 esota west of the Mississippi belonged 
 to the province of Louisiana until, 
 in 1763, it was ceded to Spain. In 
 1803 it passed into the possession 
 of the United States. 
 
 The population rose from 4000 
 in 1849, to 172 000 in 1860, in 1890 
 it had 1 301 826 inhabitants. Minn- 
 esota was admitted as a State in 1858. 
 
 It is one of the northern tiers of 
 States, reaching up to the 49th par- 
 allel, and bounded beyond by the 
 Canadian provinces. The Dakotas 
 lie along its western border, and 
 
 Iowa on the south, and the east rests 
 on Wisconsin and Lake Superior. 
 
 AITKIN, Minn. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Missis- 
 sippi River, county seat of Aitkin 
 County, has a population of l,8oo, 
 four hotels, two public halls, two 
 saw mills, one stove, heating and 
 hoop factory, thirteen stores, two 
 newspapers, four churches, a graded 
 school, waterworks, and electric 
 lights, four blacksmith shops, two 
 wagon and sleigh factories, one bank. 
 
 The county is fast becoming settled 
 for agricultural purposes. The pop- 
 ulation of the county has doubled 
 within the past two years. 
 
 A few miles north of Aitkin the 
 Mississippi River has its source in 
 Itasca Lake, in the vicinity of which 
 an immense lumber trade is carried 
 on. Pine trees are cut into logs 
 and floated down the Mississippi 
 to the Minneapolis Mills, the yearly 
 cut being nearly 200,003,000 feet. 
 In the vicinity of Aitkin an unlimited ' 
 supply of hard wood offers great 
 inducements to the manufacturer. 
 Two fine steamers run between 
 Aitkin and Grand Rapids 65 miles 
 north. Geime: deer, elk, bear, moose. 
 Fish of all kinds. 
 
 ANOKA, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 5,000, 
 county seat of Anoka County, is 
 pleasantly situated on either bank of 
 the Rum River, extending north to 
 the southern bank of the Mississippi 
 River. Water -works, electric -light 
 
 197 
 
plant, two banks, two public halls, 
 two weekly newspapers, a business 
 college, four schools, eight churches, 
 five hotels, four liveries, about ninety 
 general stores, two large saw mills, 
 one extensive sash and door factory, 
 planing mill, broom factory, barrel 
 factory, feed mill, large flour mill, 
 starch factories, one creamery. Pota- 
 toes, wheat, corn, aud oats are the 
 principal products. Shipments: pot- 
 atoes, flour, and lumber. 
 
 AUDUBON, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 450, 
 situated on Audubon Lake, has one 
 public school, three churches, two 
 creameries, two hotels, public hall, 
 bank, saw mill, flour mills, eight 
 stores, one weekly newspaper, and 
 three elevators, and is surrounded by 
 fine farming land, with timber close 
 at hand. Audubon is the marketing 
 place for several country towns, 
 namely: Cormorant, Lake Eunice, 
 Roberts, Hamden, and Richwood. 
 The Long and Cormorant lakes, 
 noted for their bathing and camping 
 facilities, are close at hand, easily 
 reached, and well stocked with pike, 
 perch, and bass. SmaU game abun- 
 dant; some bear. 
 
 BATTLE LAKE, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 Population 500, derives its name 
 from the charming lake (five by 
 nine miles) on which it is situated. 
 It has four elevators, a bank, four 
 hotels, built especially for summer 
 visitors, one public hall, newspaper, 
 twelve general stores, one school 
 house, three churches, creamery. 
 Battle Lake lies in the center of the 
 "Lake Park Region". Otter Tail, 
 Gourd, Leaf Bass, Clitheral, and 
 numerous other lakes, aU abound in 
 several vaaieties of fish. Game is 
 also abundant. 
 
 BIG LAKE, Mum. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, 
 has several general stores, hall, 
 church, bank, notel, school, weekly 
 paper, and blacksmith shop. Good 
 farming country; also good fishing 
 in Ulg Lake. 
 
 BRAENERD, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
 of Crow Wing county, beautifully 
 located on the east bank of the 
 Mississippi River, in a forest of pine, 
 at the jimction with the line from 
 Duluth. The population is 10,000 
 and rapidly growing. The N. P. 
 Company's shops and buildings are 
 located here, giving employment to 
 a very large force of men. Also 
 the Northern Pacific Hospital 
 for the use of the Company's 
 employes. Attached to it, is a San- 
 itarium, available for invalids from 
 abroad seeking health. Hotel ac- 
 commodations are first class. The 
 city is supplied with water from the 
 Mississippi River by the Brainerd 
 Water Power Co. Crow Wing county- 
 has erected here substantial county 
 buildings, at a cost of $ 45,C)00. The 
 city school district has built a high 
 school costing $ 40,000, and has 
 four large ward brick buildings 
 costing $ 60,000. The Sleeper Opera 
 House, with a seating capacity of 
 850; thirteen churhces, three weekly 
 newspapers, one National bank, one 
 Banking Co., two saw mills, daily, 
 capacity 550,000 feet, and numerous 
 successful mercantile houses, are all 
 evidences of the stable character 
 of the city. Electric street railway. 
 A dam has been erected across 
 the Mississippi River developing 
 power equal to l8,000 horse- 
 power and providing enormous 
 storage capacity for logs above, also 
 furnishing power for an electric-light 
 plant, costing $75,000, which fur- 
 nishes the city with arc and incandes- 
 cent hghts. Ihe Brainerd & Northern 
 Minnesota Railway runs from Brain- 
 erd to Walker, Minn., on Leech 
 Lake, a very laeautiful spot,, has 
 500 miles of shore, abundance of 
 pike, bass, and pickerel. Many 
 charming lakes, fully stocked with 
 choice varieties of fish, are of easy 
 and convenient access, while the 
 timber abounds with bear, deer, and 
 all kinds of smaller game. Produce : 
 grain, small fruits and all farm 
 produce. 
 
 BRECKENRIDGE, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 
 198 
 
Population 1,000, is located at the 
 junction of the Otter Tail and Bois 
 de Sioux rivers, and is sheltered on 
 the north and west by a magnificent 
 semicircular belt of timber. It is 
 the county seat of Wilkin county. 
 It has two grain elevators, one gram 
 warehouse, court house, one school 
 building, three churches, sixteen 
 stores, "^four hotels, one weekly news- 
 paper, one bank, two restaurants, 
 opera house, fair grounds and build- 
 ings, with a one-mile race course. 
 
 CARLTON, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Carlton county, beautifully situated 
 at the head of the Dalles, on the 
 St. Louis River has electric lights, 
 1,500 inhabitants, valuable water- 
 power, slate brick manufactory four 
 hotels, two public halls, opera house, 
 weekly paper, one bank, twelve stores, 
 one graded school, and three church- 
 es. Surrounding comitry is covered 
 with dense forests of pine. Ship- 
 ments; lumber, in the rough and 
 manufactured, very large. Game 
 deer, bear, etc. Fish . brook trout, 
 pickerel, etc. This is historical as 
 the pioneer station of the Northern 
 Pacific Railway, where ground was 
 first broken on the Great Trans- 
 Contuiental Line. It is the junction 
 point with the St. Paul & Duluth 
 Railroad. 
 
 CLEAR LAKE, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
 has three stores, town hall, two 
 churches, hotel, livery, newspaper, 
 blacksmith shop. Good farming- 
 country. Fine fishing near. 
 
 CLITHERAL, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 Population 250, has two hotels, one 
 public hall, a flouring mill, seven 
 stores, one school, and four grain 
 elevators. It is situated on Lake 
 Clitheral, a lovely body of water 
 full of whitefish, catfish, pickerel, 
 pike, and bass, and a very inviting 
 resort for sportsmen. Large and 
 small game. 
 
 DEER CREEK, Minn. 
 P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 
 199 
 
 Near Leaf Lake, population 250, has 
 an elevator, cheese factor}^, broom 
 factor}'', repair shop, blacksmith shop, 
 two saw mills, two halls, two hotels, 
 five stores, school, two churches. 
 Principal produce and shipments : 
 wheat, oats, hay, and hardwood 
 lumber. Hunting and fishing good. 
 
 DEERWOOD, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
 situated on Reno and Serpent Lakes, 
 has a public school, two stores, etc., 
 and is a favorite retreat for the 
 sportsman. Fish: bass, pickerel, 
 white-fish, pike, and muskallonge in 
 abundance. Game: deer and bear, 
 ducks, partridges, and rabbits. 
 
 DETROIT, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Becker count)^, is located on the 
 western edge of the "Lake Park 
 Region," This is a town of 1,800 
 inhabitants, and situated on the 
 beautiful Detroit Lake, with its 37 
 miles of wooded shore line, has within 
 the past few years become noted as 
 a summer resort, large numbers 
 visiting it annually. It has five hotels, 
 one of which, the "Hotel Minnesota," 
 is exceptionally fine, and especiallj^ 
 adapted for summer tourists; the 
 "Fair Haven House," situated in a 
 beautiful grove on the terraces of 
 the eastern shore of Lake Sallie, also, 
 furnishes a good stopping place. 
 There are also a number of summer 
 cottages, owned by the St. Louis 
 Moorhead, Fargo, St. Paul and Minne- 
 apolis. Mineral springs, containing 
 health restoring properties, are an 
 attraction. Black bass and pike 
 fishing is first-class. Deer, duck, and 
 grouse hunting is also good. Has 
 one bank, a newspaper, nineteen 
 stores, five churches, two public halls, 
 court house, handle factory, two 
 elevators, three school buildings and 
 two flouring mills. Products: wheat, 
 oats, corn, r3'e, potatoes, farm veg- 
 tables; ships same; also lumber, wood, 
 and ties. Detroit Lake, itself a lovely 
 body of water, surrounded by rugged 
 hills or low, wooded shores, is but 
 one of a chain of lakes that stretches 
 southward midst verdant mead and 
 bossy isle. Here are Muskrat, Sallie , 
 
 10 
 
Melissa, Buck, Little, Pelican, Fish, 
 Lizzie, Crystal, and Lida lakes. In 
 size these lakes vary from one-fourth 
 mile long by the same distance in 
 width, for the two smallest, to seven 
 miles long by two miles or more 
 wide for Lake Lida, the largest. The 
 Pelican River; a small and most 
 picturesque little stream, is a bond 
 of union down to and including Lake 
 Lizzie. Lizzie and Crystal lakes are 
 connected b)^ another channel, and 
 Lake Lida, the largest and finest 
 of them all, is connected with Lake 
 Lizzie by still another. It lies so 
 close to Crystal, however, that a 
 small portage enables the tourist to 
 soon transfer his canoe or rowboat 
 from one to the other. The Detroit 
 Lake & Pelican Valley Navigation 
 Co., of Detroit, have spent much 
 money to afford navigable commu- 
 nication between these lake gems. 
 The Pelican River is not of itself 
 navigable. Dredging has been resorted 
 to to accomplish this i-esult. Thus 
 far. Lakes Detroit, Muskrat, Sallie, 
 Melissa, and Buck's Mills, a point a 
 niile or two below the latter lake, 
 have been brought into communica- 
 tion. Between Lakes Muskrat and 
 Sallie, a regular canal lock was 
 necessary owing to the difference 
 in level between the lakes. The 
 locking of the little steamer Lady of 
 the Lakes through here is always a 
 matter of great interest to the 
 passengers. One of the pleasantest 
 features of this trip is the ride along 
 the Pelican River, with its banks of 
 long grass; the sharp turns of the 
 narrow stream, the wooded heights 
 back from it, and the somewhat 
 nistic, whitewashed bridges under 
 which the steamer passes. 
 
 DULUTH, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 59,356, 
 is situated at the head of Lake Supe- 
 rior, and" is the county seat of 
 St. Louis County. Eight railroad 
 lines run into Duluth, making it an 
 important railroad center. It has a 
 Government Laud Office, a Board of 
 Trade, Chamber of Commerce and 
 Produce Exchange, seven banks, 
 combined capital over $ 2,000,000, 
 sixteen grain elevators, capacity 
 nearly 21,000,000 bushels, a blast 
 
 furnace, car works, iron and steel 
 plant, large foundries and machine 
 shops, flouring mills, saw mills, blast 
 furnaces, one morning, one evening, 
 and twelve weekty newspapers, and 
 a complete system of water and gas 
 mains and electric street railways, 
 one fine opera house. Every branch 
 of commercial industry is represented 
 here. The docks of the Northern 
 Pacific Ry., as well as those built 
 by other companies and individuals, 
 afford ample facilities for the unload- 
 ing and warehonsmg of the cargoes 
 from the largest lake vessels. Re- 
 ceipts and shipments of grain, coal, 
 oil, lumber, salt, ores and fish ai-e 
 the leading items, but nearly ever)'' 
 marketable commodity is received 
 and handled at this point in great 
 quantities. Inexhaustible supply of 
 iron ore near the city. Large ship 
 yards are located here, and several 
 steel vessels have already been built. 
 Duluth is abundantly supplied with 
 the best educational and religious 
 advantages, all denominations being 
 represented. The very best of game, 
 fishing, and hunting can be found 
 m this vicinity. 
 
 ELK RI\^R, Minn., 
 N, P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,500, 
 coimty seat of Sherburne county, on 
 the Mississippi and Elk Rivers, with 
 good water power. It has three 
 hotels, two halls, seven stores, one 
 newspaper, saw mill, floiu: mill, 
 starch factory, creamery, three 
 schools and three churches. Good 
 farming country; fishing good. 
 
 FERGUS FALLS, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 County seat of Otter Tail count}', 
 population 5,000, has ten hotels, 
 thirteen churches, two public halls, 
 fine theatre, court house, masonic 
 temple. Odd Fellows hall, three 
 banks, one daily and five weekly 
 newspapers, a Government Land 
 Office, about 150 stores, and Minne- 
 sota's Third Hospital for Insane is 
 located here. It is on the Red River, 
 which furnishes a valuable water 
 power, running many manufactories; 
 viz., five flouring mills, two woolen 
 mills, wagon factory, paper mill, 
 
 200 
 
casket factory, etc. Has electric 
 light, telephone exchange, water and 
 gas works. Hard timber abundant. 
 Wheat the principal product. Ship- 
 ments of ilour are large. Game: 
 bear, deer, geese, ducks, prairie 
 chickens. Fish: bass, pickerel, pike, 
 and mnskallonge. 
 
 FORT RIPLEY, Minn 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Mississippi, 
 derives its name Irom the old Fort 
 which stood one mile from the station. 
 It has loO people, two grain houses, 
 two stores, hotel, school, feed mill, 
 blacksmith shop. Principal shipments : 
 small grain and cord wood. Game: 
 deer, bear, jjrairie ckickens, par- 
 tridges, grouse, etc. Wolf, raccoon, 
 mink, etc., plentiful. Fish abundant. 
 
 FRAZEE, Minn. 
 X. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
 liaj eight stores, two churches, two 
 schools, two hotels, one saw mill, 
 one elevator, and one hall. Large 
 shipments of wood and lumber. 
 Deer, lish and small game abundant. 
 
 GLEN WOOD, Minn. 
 X. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
 Branch. Is the county seat of Pope 
 count)% and contains 950 people. 
 ft is situated on the north shore of 
 Lake lyiinnewaska, 200 feet below 
 the level of the surrounding prairie, 
 in a beautiful valley, encompassed 
 by high bluffs. As a scenic spot 
 Lake Minnewaska isu usm^passed. 
 It is twelve miles in length, four 
 miles in width, and has a shore line 
 of forty miles. The water is clear, 
 and abounds in pickerel, pike, white- 
 fish, bass, and muskallonge. Its 
 shores are sandy, with a pebbly 
 beach, most of which are lined with 
 a beautiful border of timber. A 
 smooth carriage road runs the entire 
 distance around the lake, close to 
 the water's edge. It has three hotels, 
 one newspaper, two banks, four 
 churches, two schools, court house 
 opera house, livery, three public halls, 
 new academy, theatre, twelve stores, 
 one creamery, one roller flour mill, 
 electric lights, bottling works, bottling 
 famous Glenwood Springs water, 
 etc. The outing grounds of the 
 
 Minneapolis Young Men's Christian 
 Association are located here. Wheat 
 the principal product and shipment. 
 
 GLYNDOX, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. ten miles east of 
 Fargo, is the junction point with the 
 Great Northern Ry. It has 450 
 inhabitants, two hotels, school, hall, 
 two churches, one flouring mill, one 
 newspaper, one elevator, and three 
 stores. Is an important grain-shipping 
 point, being situated in the Red 
 River Valley, the great grain-produc- 
 ing region. 
 
 GREY EAGLE, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
 Branch. Has 250 inhabitants, two 
 hotels, two saw mills; two churches, 
 two schools, three stores, one fac- 
 tory, which manufactures wagon and 
 sleigh stuff, and grain elevator. lis 
 manufactures are principally lumber, 
 Ships wood, timber, fencing and 
 ties. Products: wheat, corn, oats, 
 etc. Fishing is good. 
 
 HAWLEY, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. on Buffalo River, 
 population 6cK), has three churches, 
 sixteen stores, three hotels, bank 
 school house, hall, weekly paper, one 
 flouring mill, two creameries, three 
 lumber yards, and three elevators. 
 Grain, hay, and live-stock the prin- 
 cipal shipments. Silver Lake is 
 three miles distant. Small game in 
 abundance. 
 
 HENNING, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 About a mile from Leaf Mountain, 
 population 400, has three hotels, 
 three grain elevators, three lumber 
 yards, flour mill, three repair shops, 
 one bank, fifteen stores, one school 
 and two church organizations. Pro- 
 ducts and shipments: pihng, ties, 
 wood, and wheat. Game: bear, deer, 
 partridge. Fish abundant. 
 
 LAKE PARK, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. population 800, has 
 one school house, four churches, one 
 public hall, a weekly newspaper, two 
 hotels, two grain elevators, two 
 creameries which produce 2,000 lbs. 
 
 201 
 
 10* 
 
of butter daily, two banks, nine 
 stores, also a flour mill, 200 barrels 
 capacity. Being situated on a lovely 
 lake and near numerous other lakes, 
 all containing" an abundance of fish, 
 renders this a most charming resort 
 for visitors. Wheat is the principal 
 grain, and shipments are wheat, dairy, 
 and farm products. Small game; 
 some deer. 
 
 LITTLE FALLS, Minn. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Mississippi, 
 is an incorporated city of 5,000 
 inhabitants, the county seat of 
 Morrison county. Improvements, 
 costing $ 250,000, put in by the Little 
 Falls Water Power Co., fm-nish 
 10,000 horse power for the running 
 of mills. Dam, canal and all improve- 
 ments on solid rock foundation. The 
 city has two flouring mills, capacity 
 1,200 barrels daily, a pulp and paper 
 mill, two sash and door factories 
 iron works, water works, electric- 
 light and gas plants, steam laundry, 
 breweiy, pop factory, court house 
 and city hall, fine hotel, cost $ 50,000, 
 two banks, three weekly and one 
 daily newspapers, four hotels, public 
 hall, hospital, orphanage, graded 
 school, six churches, thirty stores, 
 two grain elevators and a steam dry 
 kiln, saw mills, capacity seventy 
 million feet, cost $ 200,000. The 
 town is situated on both sides of 
 the river, and connected by a fine 
 bridge, built at a cost of over 
 $ 20,000. Little Falls is the junction 
 of the branch line riming to Morris, 
 Minn., and for the "cut off" to Staples. 
 The line to Staples passes through 
 a finely timbered and agricvdtural 
 country, wich is being rapidly 
 developed. Principal products; wheat, 
 lumber, railroad ties and wood. A 
 very superior quality of white, hard 
 brick is also manufactured here. 
 Abundance of game and fish. 
 
 LUCE, Minn. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 75, 
 has two stores, hotel, school, elevator, 
 feed mill and hall. Large shipments 
 of wood and wheat. Deer, fish and 
 small game abundant. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. 
 
 Minneapolis centers around the 
 Falls of Saint Anthony, which affords 
 immense water power ; the first house 
 was built in 1852; to day it has about 
 200,000 people; it is the largest 
 lumber and flour producing city in 
 the world, the annual lumber output 
 reaching five hundred million feet, 
 while the flour produces reaches the 
 immense total of ten million barrels, 
 with six hundred factories making 
 over two hundred and twentyfive 
 separate articles, it ranks seventh 
 among the manufacturing cities of 
 the country. 
 
 Minneapolis, the largest city in the 
 State is located amidts a large and 
 very fertile, agricultural district; it 
 is situated on both sides of the 
 Mississippi forming here the St. An- 
 thony Falls, which furnish about a 
 hundred thousand horse power. 
 
 The mills of Minneapolis are located 
 on the Mississippi near the St. An- 
 thony Falls; no visitor should miss 
 visitnig them. 
 
 On the left side of the river bet- 
 ween 11th and 18 th aves, are the 
 buildings of the University of Minne- 
 sota atiented by about 1000 students. 
 Minneapolis and St. Paul are connec- 
 ted by railroad (one half hour) and 
 by the Interurban Electric Tramway 
 (40 minutes); the distance between 
 the two cities is 10 miles. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 E. Eichhorn & Sons, Minneapolis, 
 Minn. 
 
 A. E. Johnson & Co., 8 Washing- 
 ton Ave S., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 MOORHEAD, Minn. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. is pleasantly situated 
 on the Red River of the North, which 
 separates Minnesota from North 
 Dakota, and has a population of 
 4,000 peopled County seat of Clay 
 county. Has ten hotels, the Columbia, 
 is the largest. Is the seat of Concor- 
 dia College (Norwegian), Hope 
 Academy (Swedish), State Normal 
 School, Normal Dormitory, Catholic 
 Schools, fine courthouse and jail, city 
 hall and jail, and many other fine 
 buildings; six churches, two public 
 
 202 
 
halls, three public school buildings, 
 one daily, two weekly newspapers, 
 two national banks, two large flouring 
 mills (capacity l,ooo barrels a day), 
 two elevators, three brick yards, 
 stock yards, livery and sale stables, 
 splendid stores of all kinds, two 
 lumber yards, planing mill, plow 
 factory, one brewery, fifteen whole- 
 sale liquor houses, cold storage and 
 beer warehouses for all Eastern 
 breweries, two wagon and sled 
 factories, foundry and car-wheel 
 works, agricultural works, two cooper 
 shops (capacity 400 barrels a day), 
 butter tub factory, making loo tubs 
 a day, bicycle factory, and . other 
 small manufactories. The United 
 States weather bureau is located at 
 this place. The city owns the electric- 
 light and water-works plant. The 
 city is supplied with gas, also artesian 
 water. The principal streets are 
 paved with cedar blocks; St. Cloud 
 granite curbing used. Principal 
 products : Grain of all kinds, potatoes 
 onions, beets, turnips, parsnips, and 
 carrots are raised around here in 
 great quantities, of which, many 
 carloads are shipped to Eastern 
 markets. Hay is also shipped to 
 St. Paul, Minneapolis, and the cities 
 at the head of the lakes. Cattle, 
 sheep, and hogs are raised in large 
 numbers. Flax and gxass seed raised 
 in large quantities. A tannery of 
 medium proportions recently started 
 here. Game of all kinds abounds in 
 great numbers around Moorhead; 
 prairie chickens, grouse, pheasants, 
 ducks, geese, and rabbits are the 
 most plentiful. 
 
 MORRIS, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
 Branch. Near the Pomme de Terre 
 River, which furnishes good water 
 power, has 1,800 inhabitants, is the 
 county seat of Stevens county, and 
 the present western terminus of the 
 Little Falls & Dakota Branch. Has 
 six churches, a graded and high 
 school, with two handsome school 
 buildings, a Catholic parochial school, 
 two public banks, two halls, three 
 hotels, two newspapers, two flouring 
 mills, four elevators, fifty stores, one 
 creamery, and a new court house. 
 Tlie surrounding country is noted 
 
 for its fine stock, there being 
 numerous herds of thoroughbred 
 short-horns, Herefords, Jersey, and 
 Polled cattle. Prairie chickens, snipe, 
 plover, and ducks are abundant in 
 their season. Products are wheat, 
 barley, oats, corn, etc. '. shipments the 
 same. 
 
 MOTLEY, Minn. 
 N. P. R. S. L D. Located on Crow 
 Wing and Long Prairie Rivers, has 
 300 people, one hotel, four stores, 
 one hall, two school houses, one 
 bank, three churches, one planing 
 mill and one large saw mill. Ship- 
 ments: lumber, ties, wood and grain. 
 Game and fish abundant. 
 
 NEW YORK MILLS, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is a town of 
 450 people. It has one hotel, seven 
 stores, meat market, one newspaper, 
 church, school, hall, flour mill, two 
 elevators, and blacksmith shop. Fine 
 point for hunting deer, ducks, and 
 partridges. 
 
 PERHAM, Minn. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Near Pine Lake, 
 has 900 people, steam brewery, 
 wagon factory, seventeen stores, four 
 churches, public school, bank news- 
 paper, planing mill, blacksmith shop, 
 large roller floiir mill, capacity 200 
 barrels daily; three large grain 
 elevators, capacity 75,000 bushels 
 each; two halls and four hotels. 
 Perham is one of the good points 
 for every variety of game, wild fowl 
 and fish. Products, wheat, oats, 
 barley, rye, corn and flax, etc. 
 
 RICE'S, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
 has two hotels, six stores, three grain 
 elevators, town hall, school house 
 and two churches. A combination 
 grist and saw mill is run by water 
 power obtained from the Little Rock 
 River. The water fall at this point 
 is now about 14 feet. This can 
 readily be raised to 20 feet, and 
 offers a fine opportunit}^ for the 
 erection of a first-class mill. The 
 surrounding country is a fine body 
 of farming land, producing grain of 
 various kinds. 
 
 203 
 
ROY ALTON, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Platte 
 River, has ,,co people, two flouring 
 mills, one 300 barrels^ and one 150 
 barrels capacit)', a feed mill, two 
 saw and planing mills, one newspaper, 
 one bank, four hotels, two grain 
 elevators, twenty-one stores, three 
 churches, two school buildings, opera 
 house, seating capacit}' 450. Water- 
 power ]n-ivileges suitable for all kinds 
 of manufacturing can be had at this 
 point. Products: wheat and small 
 grain. Game: deer, bear, prairie 
 chickens, quail partridge. Fish 
 abundant. 
 
 SANK RAPIDS, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
 of Benton count}^, is situated on the 
 east bank of the Mississippi River, 
 has 2000 inhabitants, five hotels, 
 five chm-ches, graded schools, two 
 newspapers, two public halls, opera 
 house seating 500, two flouring mills, 
 and some fine quarries of red granite, 
 pronounced equal to the celebrated 
 Quinc)^ granite of New England, 
 A'arying only in color. An excellent 
 water power, onl}' partiallj' utilized, 
 renders this a good point for maniifac- 
 tories. General country produce. 
 Game: ducks and other small game. 
 Fishing in river and adjacent lakes. 
 
 SAUK CENTRE, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
 Branch. Has 2,700 inhabitants seven 
 churches, schools and academ)^ one 
 flouring mill, fanning mill, and sled 
 works, novelty works, three banks, 
 three hotels, creamer3% pop factory, 
 lorty stores, two newspapers, etc. 
 Is situated on Sauk River, at outlet 
 of .Sauk Lake, which is twelve miles 
 long. Small game and fish abundant. 
 Products and shipments principally 
 wheat. 
 
 STAPLES, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,600, 
 has five hotels, two banks two school- 
 houses, public hall and librar}', four 
 churches, eighteen stores, printing 
 office, elevator, etc. Brick is manufac- 
 tured extensively. The N. P. R}^ 
 has a large roundhouse and machine 
 shops at this point. The surrounding 
 
 ocuntry consists of good farming 
 lands, also timbered lands. Small 
 game in abundance. 
 
 STARBUCK, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
 Branch. Population 400, situated at 
 the foot of Lake Minnewaska, has 
 one hotel, fifteen stores, one public 
 hall, one school building, church, 
 one flour mill, thi'ee grain elevators, 
 one creamer)^ one lumber yard, and 
 liver}'. Products and shipments ai'c 
 principall}' wheat. Ducks, geese, and 
 prairie chickens are numerous; fish- 
 ing good. 
 
 ST. CLOUD, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S.D. Population 10,000, 
 count}^ seat of Stearns county, is' 
 situated on both sides of the Missis- 
 sippi River. It has nineteen hotels, 
 four banks, electric -light and gas 
 plants, water-works, street railways, 
 large saw mills, flouring mills, found- 
 ries, machine shops, wood-working 
 shops, five elevators, a U. S. Lancl 
 Office, various churches, schools etc. 
 Nearby are extensive granite quar- 
 ries, 23 in number. A dam and 
 canal, costmg $ 400,000, controls the 
 water power of the Mississippi at 
 this point. This is the center of a 
 fine agricultural district, and is one 
 of the most progressive of Minnesota 
 cities. 
 
 ST. PAUL, Minn. 
 
 St. Paul, the capital, of Minnesota, 
 stands on a series of terraces over- 
 looking the Mississipi River at the 
 head of navigation; it is the focus 
 of immense railway systems and the 
 center of an enormous wholesale and 
 retail trade. 
 
 Today its population numbers 
 about 180,000. 
 
 St. Paul has two Railway stations 
 Union Depot at the end of Sibley 
 Street near the river is used by most 
 of the trains; Broadway Depot at 
 the foot of 4th Street is for the 
 Minneapolis & St. Louis R. R. and 
 the St. Croix Railway. 
 
 The most attractive building in 
 the city is the State's Capitol contai- 
 ning the library of 20,000 volumes 
 of the State's Historical Society. 
 
 204 
 
From the copula^ of the capitol the 
 visitor enjoys a good view over the 
 city. 
 
 . Near the Capitol is the Post Offioe 
 and the magnihcent City Hall erected 
 at a cost of $ 1,000,000 and containing 
 the Public Library. The business 
 portion of St. Paul is substantially 
 built; we may mention the Pioneer 
 Press Office corner 4th and Robert 
 Sts., New York Life Insurance Buil- 
 ding corner Minnesota and Six Sts, 
 the Globe Building corner Cedar and 
 4th Sts, the Germania Life Insurance 
 Office at the corner . opposite, the 
 Bank of Minnesota and Great Northern 
 Railway Office. 
 
 The following Railroad - Systems 
 pass through St. Paut. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Northern. 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. 
 Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City. 
 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & 
 Omaha. Minneapolis, St. Paul & 
 Sault Ste. Marie. Minneapolis & St. 
 Louis. Northern Pacific. The Great 
 Norther-n Railway. St. Paul & Duluth . 
 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba. 
 Wisconsin Central. 
 
 SWANVILLE, Minn. 
 N. R. R. Little Falls &: Dakota 
 -Branch. On the Swan River, has 
 150 inhabitants two hotels, elevatox", 
 three stores and school. Grazing 
 and timber country; game and fish 
 in plenty. Ships wood and timber. 
 Is the station for Pillsbuiy, two miles 
 distant, which has one flouring mill, 
 one saw mill, three stores, one church 
 and one school. 
 
 VERNDALE, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Near-Wing River, 
 which furnishes good water power, 
 population 8oo, has two elevators, 
 two hotels, one bank, a newspaper, 
 one public hall, three churches, 
 floui-ing mill,, a planing mill, good 
 schools, also a dozen stores. Prod- 
 ucts are wheat, barle)', corn, oats, 
 potatoes and garden vegetables. 
 Game: deer, prairie chickens, pheas- 
 ants. 
 
 VILLARD, Minn. 
 N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
 Branch. Population 2,000, has one 
 hotel, one public hall, one large 
 elevator, seven stores, one school, 
 and three churches. Wheat the 
 principal product and shipment. 
 One-half mile distant is aTchain of 
 beautiful lakes, abounding in black 
 bass, pike and pickerel. Game: 
 prairie chickens, ducks and all small- 
 game. 
 
 WADENA, Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Wadena county, has a population of 
 1,500 six hotels, five churches, public 
 hall, two newspapers, twenty stores, 
 one brewery, two banks, one school 
 building, flouring mill, saw mill 
 planing mill, and a plow factor}'. 
 Products: wheat, barley, corn, oats 
 and potatoes. This is the junction 
 point of the main line with the Fergus 
 Falls Branch running to Milnor. 
 The Itaska State Park, 7x5 miles, 
 is about 65 miles, from Wadena. 
 A wagon road runs to this park from 
 this point, also from Verndale and 
 Detroit. Game and fish in abundance. 
 
 WINNIPEG JUNCT., Minn. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. on Buffalo River, 
 near Silver Lake, is the junction 
 point of the main line and Manitoba 
 Division, which runs fo Crookston, 
 Red Lake Falls, Grand Foiks, and 
 Winnipeg, through a rich farming 
 countiy. Has two stores, church, 
 school, and two hotels. 
 
 WINONA, Minn. 
 
 Situated on the Mississippi, 307 
 miles from Chicago and 103 miles 
 from St. Paul. 
 
 Here are two bridges over the 
 river. It has a population of 18,500. 
 Its trade in grain and wood is im- 
 portant. The railroad connections 
 are b};" the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul and the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Ouincy, Railroads. 
 
 205 
 
MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Mississippi, like Alabama, was first 
 visited by Enropeans at the time 
 (about 1541) when the Spanish 
 expedition boie the bright banner of 
 De Soto through all the great belt 
 of forest swamps which lies upon 
 the Mexian Gulf — from the palm- 
 covered plains of Florida on the 
 east, to the far-off floods of the 
 mighty "Father of Waters", on the 
 west. 
 
 In 1682. La Salle descended the 
 Mississippi River, and visited the 
 territory of its present namesake 
 State. Two years after, he set out 
 again for the region, with a resolute 
 band of colonists, but the venture 
 failed before it was faiiiy begun, 
 various misfortunes preventing his 
 ever reaching his destination.. Iber- 
 ville, a Frenchman, made the thii'd 
 attempt at the settlement, but with 
 no_ better success than his predeces- 
 sors met with. A beginning was, 
 however, at length accomplished, by 
 Bienville and a party of Frenchmen. 
 This expedition settled in 1616 at 
 Fort Rosalie, now the city of Natchez. 
 A dozen years later (1728) a terrible 
 massacre of the new comers was 
 made by their jealous Indian neigh- 
 bors. Other sanguinary conflicts 
 with the aborigines took place in 
 1736, '39, and 52, with the same 
 final result — the defeat and devas- 
 tation of the Indian tribes, and the 
 triumph of the invadmg whites. 
 
 The territory fell into the posses- 
 sion of the British Crown upon the 
 conclusion of the peace of Paris, 
 in 1763. In 1798 the colony was 
 organized as a Territory, Alabama 
 
 forming a portion thereof. The 
 State history of Mississippi began 
 December 10, 1817, at which tmie 
 Alabama was still included. 
 
 Mississippi was one of the first 
 States to attempt Secession, and as 
 early as January, 1861, planted artil- 
 lery at V'icksburg to command the 
 river. Later in 1861 U. S. naval 
 expeditions captured Biloxi and Ship 
 Island. In 1862 Beauregard's Confed- 
 erates yielded Corinth to Halleck's 
 National troops, after a long siege; 
 and in October Gen. Price and Van 
 Dom assailed the towai with 35,000 
 Confederates, and were terribly 
 defeated by Rosecrans, sacrificing 
 9,000 men. At Inka the two armies 
 lost 1,000 men each. Vicksburg, 
 on its high bluffs, was the Kej^ of 
 the Mississippi, and bristled with 
 fortification and cannon, which foiled 
 Farragut, in June, and Sherman, in 
 December, 1862. In April, 1863, 
 Grant crossed the river at Bruins- 
 bm'g; captured Grand Gulf and 
 Jackson; defeated Pember ton's 25,000 
 men at Champion Hills; and on 
 July 4th received the siu-render of 
 Vicksburg, with 27,000 soldiers. 
 
 In 1865 Mississippi repealed the 
 ordinance of secession, and abolished 
 slavery. The property valuation was 
 lowered between 1860 and 1870 by 
 the war and the liberation of the 
 slaves, from $ 607,324.911 to 
 $208,197,345, and is now (U. S. 
 Census of 1890) $ 158,000,000. 
 
 The Latitude of Mississippi is 
 from 30" 13' to 35o N., and her 
 Longitude from 88» 7' to 91" 41 W. 
 
 207 
 
Her population in 
 
 1860 was 791.305, 
 
 and in 1890 1.289,600. 
 
 Of these inhabitants 
 
 539,704 were white 
 747,720 were colored. 
 
 COLUMBUS, Miss. 
 
 Columbus, population about 4.000, 
 is upon the Tombigbee River, 60 
 miles below Aberdeen, and 145 miles 
 northeast of Jackson. 
 
 Railroads :' Gulf & Chicago; Mo- 
 bile & Olrio. 
 
 HOLLY SPRINGS, Miss. 
 
 546 miles from and 210 miles above 
 Jackson the most popular ■watering 
 place of Mississippi, and a flourish- 
 ing countiy-town, It is connected 
 by railway (norlli) with the line 
 from Memphis to Chattanooga, Ten- 
 nessee. The Chalmer's Institute and 
 St. Thomas" Hall for Boys, the 
 Franklin Female College, and the 
 Holly Springs Female Institute are 
 here. 
 
 The vicinage of H0II3' Springs is 
 remarkable for its natural beaut}' 
 and its salubrious climate. 
 
 Railroads : Illinois Central. 
 
 JACKSON, Miss. 
 
 Jackson, the Capital of Mississippi, 
 is upon the Pearl River, south-west 
 from the centre of the State. It is 
 connected b)^ railway, 46 miles, with 
 Vicksburg, on the Mississippi River, 
 and may be thus reached from New 
 Orleans. It is a chief point on the 
 great railway route from New Or- 
 leans nox-tliward. 
 
 Jackson is regularly built and has 
 some 5,000 inh. The State House 
 is a very handsome edifice. The 
 other chief buildinas are the Ex- 
 
 ecutive Mansion, the Stale Lunatic 
 Asylum, the State Institutions for 
 the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, and the 
 Citjr Hall. The State Penitentiai-y, 
 a spacious and handsome edifice, 
 was nearly destroyed dming the 
 Civil War. There is also the lai-ge 
 State Librar)^ containing some 90,000 
 volumes. 
 
 MERIDIAN, Miss. 
 
 The second lai-gest city of Missis- 
 sippi, having a population of over 
 10,600. Its importance is due chiefly 
 to its position at the junction of 
 several railroads. 
 
 Railroads: Alabama Great South- 
 ern; East Tennessee, Virginia & 
 Georgia; Mobile & Ohio; New 
 Orleans & Northwestern; Vicksburg 
 & Meridian. 
 
 NATCHEZ, Miss. 
 
 A pleasant city on the Mississippi 
 river, 279 mis. above New Orleans, 
 with tine public buildings and friendlj 
 homes in Natchez-on-the-Hill. It is 
 one of the most populous and com- 
 mercial places in the State. 
 
 Railroad: Natchez, Jackson & 
 Columbus R. R. 
 
 VICKSBURG, Miss. 
 
 On the Walnut Hills, which extend 
 for about 2 miles along the river, 
 rising to the height of 500 ft., and 
 displaving the finest scenery of 
 the Lower Mississippi. Havmg a 
 population of 13,371, it is the largest 
 city in Mississippi. Vicksburg was 
 founded in 1836 by a planter named 
 Vick. Vicksburg is the most import- 
 ant place on the Mississippi between 
 New Orleans and Memphis, and about 
 equally distant from both. 
 
 Railroad: Louisville, New Orleans 
 & Texas. 
 
 208 
 
THROUGH CAR ROUTE 
 
 between 
 
 @T. L©yiJS 
 
 AND PRINCIPAL CITIES 
 
 WIST A\IMJ© a@yTHjWlST» 
 
 DOUBLE DAILY SERVICE TO 
 
 TIXIAS 
 
 Including through vestibuled observation sleeping cars 
 
 to 
 
 Paris, Dallas, San Antonio, Greenville, Ennis, Waco, 
 
 Corsicana, Houston and Galveston, Texas. 
 
 Also 
 
 Springfield, Mo., Carthage, Mo., Joplin, Mo., 
 
 Wichita, Kas., Fort Smith, Ark. 
 
 THROUGH SLEEPING CARS, ST. LOUIS to IWtEXICO 
 
 Via SAN ANTONIO, TEX. 
 
 HARVEY DINING HALLS . 57 
 
 S. B. FRANKLIN B. L. WINCKELL 
 
 G. E. A. Gen'l Passenger Agent 
 
 385 Broadway, NEW YORK. ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
 209 
 
FRISCO LINE. 
 ST. LOUIS AND SAN FRANCISCO RAILROAD. 
 
 THE POPULAR PICTURESQUE ROUTE TO THE GREAT 
 WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 
 
 THROUGH 
 MISSOURI, KANSAS, ARKANSAS INDIAN TERRITORY AND TEXAS. 
 
 Starting- from the magnificent GRAND UNION STATION at 
 Si. Lotiis, the largest, handsomest and most complete Passenger Terminal 
 in the World, passengers via the Frisco line are delighted with the strangely 
 interesting variety of comitry, scenery and climate along the line. There 
 can be no wonder at the wide popularitj^ of this route to the Southwest. 
 Between St. Louis and Springfield, Mo., is crossed the Ozark Mountain 
 Range. These picturesque slopes and steep declivities are the Huntsman's 
 paradise. The everlasting mountain streams furnish all the kinds of fish 
 native to such localities. Do-«ti in the valleys are snug homes which 
 boast of rich delta lands, no mosquitoes or malaria, and pure mountain 
 air. Between Monett, where the Frisco's California Route leads of west, 
 and Ft. Smith, Ark., are the Boston Mountains, and further South the 
 Kiamichi Highlands, whose scenery is bewitching, and in some spots 
 wild in its grandeur. Streams, wild fowl, fish, deer and smaller game 
 complete any picture, fp^ncy may draw. There are signs of the red man to 
 be found, but there are signs only, for civilization in its highest type has 
 made the country to blossom as the rose. Even along that^ part of the 
 road between a point a few miles south of Ft. .Smith, Ark., and Red River 
 which is the Eastern portion of the Indian Territory, the red man, who is 
 in evidence at the i-ailway stations, presents an Americanized appearance. 
 He may be seen moxmted on the strong muscled Indian pony, a man hardy 
 of limb and keen of e}'^e, dressed in combination style, so to speak, retaining 
 some of the garments and ornaments of the untamed fathers, and nearly 
 always with the handy lariat hooked on to his big horned saddle. Here 
 we find a study in government and human evolution. Men who once 
 subsisted on wild animals and fowls, and, but for their skms and feathers 
 would have had to go naked; who fought with weapons of flint and- 
 seasoned wood, and who killed each other and can'^ed fhch" own bodies 
 
 210 
 
in pursuance ol savage whims or instinct, have disappeared over in the 
 happy hunting grounds. By gradual stages the brute bas been merged 
 into the man of affairs. 
 
 The fruit and Vegetable possibilities along the "Frisco Line" are 
 stupendorrs ; the road penetrates through the fruit belt of the Osai^k 
 Motmiains, where all manner of finest flavored apples and other fruits 
 grow in abundance, which obtain a perfection unknown in any other part 
 of the world. The air is always pure and surromided by magnificent 
 moimtain scenerj^ some of the land needs but the touch of industrj^ to 
 be made richly productive of cotton, corn and fruits. There is an abun- 
 dance of black walnut, short leaf pine, hickory, oack and cedar timber 
 which is close to the tracks. Perhaps there is no item of greater impor- 
 tance to this great valley than that of the manufacture of the cereal 
 products into other forms of food products. The great surplus of the 
 farming districts must of necessit)'- be sent out to the world as raw, 
 material, but the population of the great valle3^s will always consume large 
 quantities of rolled oats, hominy, grits, corn starch, white flour, graham 
 floiu- and meals. The milling of flour and rolled oats has gained con- 
 siderable headwa)^ in this valley already, but there are large opportunities 
 for the manufactiu-e of com products, such as hominey, grits and starch. 
 There is also known to be a large export demand for starch. The milling 
 of flour must of necessity grow to large proportions as the openhig up of 
 new territor}^ to the west and south increases the demand for these pro- 
 ducts. While agriculture will always be the leading industry of the south- 
 west, her mines and minerals are designed to play an important part in 
 her material advancement. The famous lead and zinc mines in the Granby, 
 Aurora and Joplin districts have in a few 3'ears made the counties of 
 Newton, Lawrene and Jasper in Missouri increase wonderfully in popu- 
 lation. These comities produce more than one half of the lead mined in 
 the state, and for several years past more than one-half the lead production 
 of the United States has been from Missouri mines. These mines are 
 surrounded by a rich agricultural region and the one industry has 
 materially assisted in the development of the other. 
 
 A point of international interest reached via the Frisco Line is 
 Eureka Springs, Ark., located on the Eureka Springs Railwaj- about 
 20 miles from Seligman (jimction with Frisco Line). The fame of this 
 wonderful health and pleasure resort has become world wide. It is built 
 on hill sides and along pointed peaks. Streets are winding and all awry, 
 in order to conform to the lay of the land. But each pretty house, each 
 business block, is accessible from some kind of well-kept street or b}rvvay. 
 An electric street car line winds about from one end of the town to the 
 other, affording- a ride which for odd scenery and fine views, for conve- 
 nience and for safety along surprising slopes, is not duplicated anywhere 
 in America. This most remarkable street railway ascends from its lowest 
 elevation to its highest, some 500 feet, and just at the highest point lauds 
 you at the Crescent Llotel, a modern structure of grav stone, ornate and 
 
 211 
 
beautiful, I'uUiliiug all the needs of the most exactmg traveler. From the 
 Crescent Hotel one may get-a view of Pea Ridge Mountain, the scene 
 of one of the battles of the Civil War. Other views within 12 miles of 
 Eureka Springs are: Pond Mountain, pronounced unequalled for its kind 
 in the United States; Grand View, a point overlooking the winding 
 Valle}' of King's River and the sparkling Osage; Pivot Rock, Bennett's 
 Cave, Blue Spring, Roaring River, and the Narrows, and the Cedar 
 Cliffs on While River. The trip over the Sprmgs Railway is of itself 
 worth takmg, owing to its views of mountain gorge and pine-Clothed 
 slopes. Here are to be seen the grand passes along the picturesque White 
 River of Arkajzsas. It is a remarakable fact concerning the Eureka Springs 
 that they will cure kidne)' troubles in any form; few cases of sore eyes 
 treated by the water have been known to give any more trouble, and it 
 will j^et be the greatest cure in the world for kidney troubles, Bright's 
 •disease, all eye troubles, all female troubles, stomach weakness and any 
 skin affection. The Frisco Line has made every airangement for the con- 
 venience and dispatch of travel to the place. 
 
 212 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 Missoiui fell to the share of France, 
 by virtue of the discoveries of 
 Marquetto and Joliet, in 1673, and 
 La Salle and Hennepin, in 1682. A 
 settlement arose at St. Genevieve 
 about the year 1750; in 1720 the 
 French founded fort Orleans for the 
 Indian fur trade and to hold in check 
 the Spaniards, advancing from Mexico. 
 Within a few years the Missouri 
 Indians destroyed this establishment. 
 
 The site of St. Louis was selected 
 by Pierre Laclede Ligueste, who 
 sent Auguste Chouteau to found a 
 village there in 1764, for the head- 
 quarters of Maxent, Laclede & Cie. 
 When Illinois passed into English 
 hands, many French families went {o 
 dwell along the shores of the Mis- 
 souri under the benign laws of Spain, 
 trading in furs with the northwestern 
 Indians and farming along the rich 
 bottom lands. 
 
 Daniel Boone, the pioneer of 
 Kentucky, became a Spanish subject 
 in Missouri in l797, and was made 
 Syndic of the Femme-Osage district. 
 In 1769 Blanchette foimded Charles, 
 as a military post. The Louisiana 
 Purchase made by the United States 
 from Napoleon in 1803 included 
 Missouri, which became a Territorj'- 
 in 1812 and a State in 1834. 
 
 In 1808 Chouteau and Lewis effec- 
 ted a treaty with the Osages, pushing" 
 back their frontier to Fort Clark, 
 above Lexington, and gaining millions 
 of acres for settlement. Then and 
 after the War of 1812; Tousands 
 of immigrants poured in from Ken- 
 tucky, Tennessee and the Carolinas. 
 The application of Missouri to be 
 
 admitted to the Union in 1818, was 
 followed b)^ a long period of angry 
 discussion, the Northern States being 
 sternly opposed to the creation of 
 another slave-holding commonwealth, 
 while the Southern people mamtained 
 that since slavery had always existed 
 in Missouri under the French and 
 Spanish governments, it could not 
 be legally abolished. Finally the 
 famous Missouri Compromise went 
 into effect, bringing the new State 
 into the Union with her existing 
 social system, but excluding slaveiy 
 from all the rest of the Louisiana 
 Purchase north of 369 30'. 
 
 The first steamboat in Missouri 
 waters was the Enterprise, in 1815, 
 the first to reach St. Louis was the 
 Gen. Pike, in 1817; the first to 
 ascend the Missouri was the Indepen- 
 dence, which reached Franklin and 
 Chariton in 1819. 
 
 At the outbreak of the late civil 
 war, the governor endeavored to lead 
 Missouri into the company of the 
 Confederate States and a part of the 
 General Assembl}' declared the 
 existing ties between Missouri and 
 the United States to be dissolved ; 
 but the people remained faithful, 
 elected a convention which voted 
 heavily against Secession and deposed 
 the General Assembl}' and the 
 Governor. Governor Jackson thereu- 
 pon proclaimed the State to be "a 
 sovereign, free and independent 
 Republic" and large Confederate 
 armies assembled in the southwest. 
 Lyon with four Missouri regiments 
 broke up the encampment of neutral 
 State troops and pressed the Southern 
 
 213 
 
forces into the Ozark Mountains; he 
 then marched against the enemy in 
 the South and was killed at Wilson 
 Creek, his troops were defeated in 
 a terrible six-hours battle. Missouri 
 contributed 108, 777 soldiers to the 
 National Army, and 30,000 to the 
 Confederate arm.j,-oi: 60 per cent of 
 its men subject to military duty. Of 
 these 27,000 died in the two services. 
 This was the only Slave State to 
 voluntarily abolish human slavery, 
 which was done early in 1865 by a 
 convention elected by 30,000 majority. 
 Lincoln's Proclamation of Emanci- 
 pation did not apply to this State, 
 and of her own accord she freed 
 her 114.000 negroes, valued at 
 S 40,000,000. After the war, Missouri 
 repealed her stringent emergency 
 legislation; declared a general am- 
 nesty; and became a liberal Demo- 
 cratic State. 
 
 Missouri is from 360 to-40» 30' North 
 Latitude, and from 89° 21' to 95» 
 44' West Longitude. 
 
 The name of Missouri means "Big 
 Muddy", and was applied by the 
 Indians to the river which still bears 
 it, pouring dowai in the springtime 
 laden with the }^ellow mud of miles 
 of prairie. Missouri used to be 
 called also the "The Iron Mountain 
 State" or "The Bullion State". 
 The population of Missoui-i was in 
 1860: 1,182,012 
 1890: 2,679,184, 
 of which number 154,131 are colored. 
 7^/ie Missouri River. The restless 
 tnrbid waters of this manificent river 
 tlovi' fretfully, 3,096 miles from their 
 sources in the remote west to their 
 debouchure in the Mississippi, not 
 far above the city of St. Louis. 
 
 The Missouri is navigable for 
 steamboats, except for periods of 
 extreme drought, 2,575 miles, from 
 its mouth to the fort of the Great 
 Fall. 
 
 The Yellow Stone, one of the 
 principal tributaries of the Missouri, 
 rises in the same range of mountains 
 with the main stream. It enters 
 from the south by a mouth 250 
 )'ai;ds wide, and is a broad and deep 
 river, having a course of about 
 1,600 miles. 
 
 The Platte, another of its great 
 tributaries, rises in the same range 
 
 of mountains with the parent stream 
 and, measured by its meanders, is 
 supposed to have a course of about 
 2,000 miles before it joins that river. 
 
 The Kansas is a very large trib- 
 utary, having a coiirse of about 1,200 
 miles, and is boatable for most of 
 the distance. 
 
 The Osage is a large and import- 
 ant branch of the Missouri; it is 
 boatable for 660 miles, and inter- 
 locks with the waters of the Ai-- 
 kansas. 
 
 The Gasconade, boatable for 66 
 miles, is important from having on 
 its banks extensive pine forests, from 
 which the great supply of plank and 
 timber of that kind is brought to 
 St. Louis. 
 
 BOONVILLE, Mo. 
 The terminus of the Versailles 
 and Boonville Branch of the Mis- 
 souri Pacific R. R. on the Missouri. 
 A lively- town, surrounded by vine- 
 yards and mines. It is 108 mis, 
 from Hannibal, Mo. and has 4,000 
 inhabitants. 
 
 CANTON, Mo. 
 A neat and liA^ely village of Mis- 
 souri on the Mississippi, 30 miles 
 north of Hannibal, is mostl}^ remar- 
 kable as seat of the Missouri 
 Christian University. The population 
 of the city is about 2,000. 
 
 CARTHAGE, Mo. 
 The metropolis of south-west 
 Missouri, on the Missouri Pacific 
 R. R. and also on the St. Louis & 
 San Francisco -R. R., an important 
 city of some 8,000 inh. near the 
 Spring River, which furnishes fine 
 water-power, driving flour and 
 woolen-mills, machine shops, and 
 manufactories of plows, carriages, 
 etc. It is 116 mis. from Kansas 
 City. 
 
 COLUMBIA, Mo. 
 A town of some 5,000 inh. in 
 Missouri, is mostly remarkable as 
 seat of the State University, opened 
 in 1840, with 28 professors and 
 620 students, partly women. The 
 University has connected with it 
 the land-grant Agricultural College, 
 with a veterinary laboratoiy, horticul- 
 
 214 
 
tural gardens, and a productive 
 farm. Columbia is the terminus of 
 the Columaia Branch of the Wabash 
 Western R. R., diverging at Cen- 
 tralia, 124 mis. from SL Louis and 
 153 from Kansas cit}^ The branch- 
 line is 22 miles long. 
 
 JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. 
 
 The capital of Missouri, upon the 
 Missouri River, 125 miles west of 
 St. I^ouis, by the Pacfic Railway, or 
 155 miles by steamboats up the 
 riyer. Jefferson City is on the 
 great route to Kansas, Nebraska, 
 Utah, California, and all the Rocky 
 Mountain region. It is well built 
 and Ins a wealthy population ol 
 Missouri is a fine stone edifice, 
 erected, in 1860, and enlarged from 
 1881 to 88. 
 
 HANNIBAM, Mo. 
 
 The sixth largest cit}^ of Missouri 
 upon the Missisippi, 153 mis above 
 St. Louis aud 20 mis. below Ouincy 
 with 12,857 inh., an important 
 Mississippi port and railway-center, 
 with large shippmg and manufac- 
 turing interests. It is one of the 
 northern termini of the Missouri, 
 Kansas & Texas R. R., and several 
 other important railwaj^s con- 
 verge here. 
 
 KANSAS CITY, Mo. 
 
 A very important and flourishing 
 niannfacturing and railwa}^ center, on 
 the left bank of the Missouri River, 
 just below its confluence with the 
 Kansas River, with 132,176 inhabit- 
 ants. Three fine bridges span the 
 Missouri River, affording some good 
 specimens of enginecn'ing skill. 
 Grand Central Depot, Opera House, 
 Custom House, Board of Trade and 
 •Court Hausc. The beautiful Lake 
 Fairement is worth a visit. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 ■ W. W. Avery, Chief Clerk K. C. 
 P. & G. R. R., Kansas Citv, Mo. 
 
 MEXICO, Mo. 
 
 A busy city of 4,789 inh., 325 mis. 
 from Chicago, on the Chicago and 
 Alton R. R., at the junction with 
 the Wabash R. R. The seat of the 
 Hardin College for Women and 
 other educational institutions. 
 
 NEVADA, Mo. 
 
 An industrial city and railroad 
 center in western Missouri, hear the 
 Kansas boundary, 232 mis. from St. 
 Louis. It has a population of some 
 8,000 The main line of the Missouri 
 Pacific R. R., aud the Missouri, 
 Kansas & Texas meet here. 
 
 SEDALIA, Mo. 
 
 One of the large central cities of 
 Missouri with some 14,000 inh., a 
 nest of factories and convergence of 
 railways, sm-rounded by rich farming 
 land. It is built on one of the 
 highest swells of a rolling prairie 
 and its principal street is 120 ft 
 wide, finety shaded, and has many 
 handsome buildings. 
 
 Railroads: Missouri Pacific; Mis- 
 souri, Kansas Texas. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, Mo. 
 
 One of the large central cities of 
 Missouri, having a population of 
 some 21,850. It is the first station 
 of much importance on the route 
 from St. Louis to San Francisco by 
 the St. Louis San Francisco R. R., 
 238 miles from St. Louis. It is 
 
 215 
 
Uie most important settlement of 
 southwestern Missouri, and notable 
 as the seat of Drury College, a large 
 Congregational institution with 165 
 students, and some other educational 
 establishments. Sprmgfield is a large 
 railroad-center also. Here junction 
 is made with the Kansas, P'ort Scott 
 and Memphis R. R. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH, Mo. 
 
 A yeiy remarkable industrial and 
 railway center with some 52,000 inh. 
 upon the Missouri River, 340 miles 
 above Jefferson City and 496 miles, 
 by water, from St. Louis. It is the 
 most important place in the western 
 part of Missouri and a great point of 
 departure for the western emigrants. 
 
 Railroads : Chicago, Bm"lington & 
 Ouincy; Chicago Rock Island & 
 Pacific; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas 
 City; Hannibal & St. Joseph, 
 
 Agents of the North GermanLloyd: 
 Carl Ftielling, St. Joseph, Mo. 
 
 ST. LOUIS, Mo. 
 
 The metropolis of Missouri, is one 
 of the oldest, the largest and the 
 most important cities in America. It 
 is admirably situated on the Missis- 
 sippi not far from the confluence 
 of the Missom-i and the Illinois, and 
 hence occupies a remarkably strategic 
 position with regard to the great 
 rivers of the continent. It covers 
 40,000 acres, with a river front of 
 19 miles, and rises in some localities 
 200 feet ahove the Mississippi. The 
 22 railways converging at St. Louis, 
 and her immense river-navigation, 
 have given her control of the trade 
 of the Mississippi Valley and the 
 Southwest. St. Louis is also pne of 
 the foremost cotton centers, the re- 
 ceipts reaching 600,000 bales a year. 
 
 St. Louis lies upon the right bank' 
 of the Mississippi river, 20 miles 
 below the entrance of the Missouri, 
 aud 174 miles above the mouth of 
 the Ohio. It is 744 miles below I itan fame, 
 the Falls of St. Anthony, and I The United States Arsenal is a 
 
 217 
 
 1.194 miles above the city of New 
 Orleans. 
 
 The most prominent structui"e of 
 St. Louis is the great St. Louis 
 Bridge, crossing the Mississippi. 
 The Merchants' Bridge was built 
 across the Mississippi in 1889—90, 
 at a cost of $6,000,000. It is 2i,2 
 miles north of the Ead Bridge and 
 2,240 feet long. It is used only for 
 raikoad purposes. 
 
 The city is, ' for the most part, 
 regularly laid out, the streets near 
 the river running parallel with its 
 cui-ve, while farther back they are 
 generally at right angles with those 
 running west from the river-bank. 
 From the Levee, or river-front, the 
 streets running north and south arc- 
 named numerically, beginning with 
 Main or 1 st St., 2 d. St., 3 d. St., 
 etc., up to 25 th St., with the single 
 exception of 5 th St., which is called 
 Broadway. Streets running east and 
 west, and those west of Jefierson 
 Ave., or, 26 th St., are named ar- 
 bitrarily or from some historical 
 association. The houses are num- 
 bered on the "Philadelphia system" 
 — i. e., each block starts with a 
 new hundred, all streets running 
 parallel to the river being numbered 
 north and south from Market St., 
 while on all streets running eas, 
 and west the numbering begins at 
 the Levee. 
 
 There are many remai'kable public 
 buildings. One of the finest is the 
 Court-House, occupying the square 
 bounded by 4 th, 5 th, Chestnut, and 
 Market St. It is built in the form 
 of a Greek cross, at a cost of 
 % 1,200,000. The City Hall is 
 another excellent edifice of brick 
 and stone, erected at a cost of 
 % 2,000,000. The Fom- Courts is a 
 spacious limestone building, in Clark 
 Aye., between llth and 12th Sts., 
 erected at a cost of $ 1,000,000. In 
 the rear, is an iron jail, semicircular 
 in form, and so constructed that all 
 the cells are under the observation 
 of a single watchman at once. The 
 Custom-House, including Post-Office 
 and U. S. Sub-Treasury, is on the 
 block between Olive, Locust, 8 th, 
 and9lh Sts. and worthy of metropol- 
 
218 
 
Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, 
 
 THE LEADING BREWERY 
 Brewers of the Most Wholesome 
 
 The Original 
 
 Budweiser 
 
 The Michelob 
 
 Tlie Muenchener 
 
 THE WORLD, 
 and Popular Beers. 
 
 The Faust 
 TheAnheuser 
 The Pale Lager 
 
 Served on all Pullman Dining and Buffet Cars. 
 
 Served on all Wagner Dining and Buffet Cars. 
 
 Served on all Ocean and Lake Steamers. 
 
 Served in all First Class Hotels. 
 
 Served in the Best Families. 
 
 Served in all Fine Clubs. 
 
 Carried on nearly every Man-of-War and Cruiser. Served at most of the 
 United states Army Posts and Soldiers' Homes. 
 
 \ Greatest Tonic, "Malt-Nutrine" the Food-drink, is prepared 
 this Association. 
 
 O. MEYER & Co. 
 
 Nos. 24 to 27 West Street; Telephone No. 2795 Cortland Sf. 
 
 and 109 
 
 No. 12th Ave and ISOlu Street; Telephone No. 3 Harlem. 
 
 Sole Agents and Wholesale Dealers in NEW YORK. 
 
 219 
 
g-rand structure in the southeast pai't 
 of the city; and 13 miles below, on 
 the river banks, are the Jefferson 
 Barracks, one of the most important 
 recruiting stations of the U. S. Army. 
 
 Washington University. 17 St. and 
 Waslungton Ave., occupies a large 
 building with numerous laboratories. 
 
 There are also Concordia College, 
 the Lutheran theological seminary 
 m a handsome new Gothic Building; 
 the School for the Blind with 
 accomodation for 100 children; the 
 Mercantile Librai-y Association; the 
 St. Louis University, an important 
 Jesuit institution, with the Academy 
 of Science; and many other prom- 
 inent educational institutions. 
 
 One of the chief attractions in the 
 cit}^ is an enterprise, which has 
 made St. Louis lamous all over the 
 world; that is the Anheuser Busch 
 Biewery. Visitors should not fail 
 to inspect the gigantic brewer}^ of 
 the Anheuser Busch Brewing Associ- 
 ation. This Brewery covers a total 
 ai-ea of over fifty ci'ty blocks. 
 
 It is a city in itself; a mammoth 
 establishment, the splendid appliances 
 of which, wholly in keeping with 
 the most advanced modern processes, 
 make it the model institution of 
 brewing industry of the world. 
 
 This enterprise was founded in 
 1857, by the late Eberhard Anheuser, 
 who associated with him, in 1865 
 Mr. Adolphus Busch. Upon the 
 death of Mr. Anheuser in 1880, Mr. 
 Busch succeeded to the presidency 
 of the association and general 
 management of the business. 
 
 The Brewer}^ has an actual brewing 
 
 capacity of 2,000,000 banels per 
 yeai", and its output in 1897 amounted 
 to 7G5,520 barrels, and 31,056,200 
 bottles. There is hardly a city of 
 importance in the United States, 
 without ,a branch of the Anheuser 
 Busch Brewing Association. Its 
 best known brands, such as' the 
 Budweiser, Michelob, Muenchener, 
 Faust, Anheuser-Staudard and Pale 
 Lager are to be found in all the 
 Dming and Buffet Cars, Ocean and 
 Lake Steamers and m all first-class 
 establishments. 
 
 Visitors to the Brewer}^ are gra- 
 ciously received by the management, 
 the staff of which is composed of 
 Mr. Adolphus Biisch President, Mr. 
 August A. . Busch Vice-President, 
 Mr. Adolphus Busch Jr. Second Vice- 
 President, Mr. Eugene Muehlemann 
 Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 In the vicinitv of the City are the 
 beautiful Tower Grove and Forest 
 Park's embellished with statutes and 
 fountains. The Botanical' (Shaw's) 
 Garden is rich in flowers, native 
 and exotic. 
 
 The principal railroads are: Mis- 
 souri Pacific; Union Pacific, Atchison 
 Topeka & Santa Fe; Pittsbur-g, Cin- 
 cinnati.Chicago & St. Louis ; Cleveland. 
 Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; 
 Missoiui, Kansas & Texas; Wabash, 
 St. Louis & St. Francisco. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Fourt Nat' I Bank, Cor 4th & 
 
 Olive Sts.. St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 220 
 
221 
 
IVliSSOURI PACIFIC SYSTEM. 
 
 ■ Among the prominent railways of 
 
 North America none, traverses a more 
 
 interesting or promising section than does 
 
 the g. eat Missouri Pacilic Railwa}' System. 
 
 The superior equipment of this road, its 
 
 tlirough cat service to the principal cities 
 
 of the West, . South and Southwest, 
 
 together with the facilities provided for 
 
 shi])piijg live stock of all kinds, and the easy and rapid handling of all 
 
 agj icultural jnoducts. form extraordinar}' inducements to the traveler for 
 
 pleasure and to the liomcseeker. 
 
 After leaving the St. Louis Union Station the line passes through 
 a verj' fertile farming and fruit-producing section of Missouri, and man}' 
 of the most important commercial cities of the state. One hundred and 
 twenty-five miles from St. Louis is the state capital, Jefferson City, a 
 large and prosperous city, on the Missouri River. 
 
 Sedalia, a town of about 20,000, is five hours ride from St. Louis, 
 and almost in the exact centre of the state. From here the line runs by 
 either of two routes to the "Midland Metropolis", Kansas City. In the 
 magnitude of its dealings in Stock and packing Kansas City is second 
 only to Chicago. Nearly forty per cent of the cattle in the United 
 States is in territory tributary to Kansas City. 
 
 The line from here to Omaha passes through numerous villages 
 and towns which show evidences of a siibstantial prosperity, and reaches 
 Atchison, Kans. From here a branch, with trains at convenient times, 
 runs to St. Joseph, Mo., an important wholesale cit}\ • Omaha, Nebraska, 
 the terminus of one of this roads numerous branches, has a vast territory 
 tributary, reached only by the railways centering there. The United 
 States census of 1890 gives Omaha a population of 140,452, to which, in 
 considering the commercial features of the city must be added that of 
 South Omaha, w^hich^ though a separate municipality, is virtually one with 
 the larger city. At Omaha, from June to November, 1898 .will ba held 
 the Trans -Mississippi and International Exposition. The grounds are 
 within the city limits, and easy of access by both Street and steam rail- 
 ways. Th? Missouri Pacific Railway gives superior service between 
 Omah;i and Kansas and Missouri, 
 
 222 
 

 imm$[w^ 
 
 ^. 
 
 
 LlillL liM$mk 
 
The main line ol the road, with its various branches and con- 
 nections, forms a network over the Entire state of Kansas, reaching all 
 the principal towns and cities, including Wichita Topeka, Fort Scott, 
 Leavenworth, Lincoln, the capital of Nebraska is also reached by the 
 Missouri Pacific Railway. Tkrough cars are run from St. Louis over the 
 main line and its branches to nearly all the important places of the West, 
 Pullman buffet sleeping cars are operated from St. Louis to Denver, Colo., 
 passing through Colorado Springs, whence a branch line takes the 
 traveller to the far-famed Manitou, Stopovers are allowed that tourists 
 may visit Manitou without any inconvenience in regard to tickets. 
 
 Whether on business or on pleasure bent, the traveler will find 
 this the best route to the West. 
 
 To the man of enteiprise, and action, who, having capital to invest 
 in manufacturing, agricultural or commercial ventures^ desires a rapid and 
 sure increase therein, or to the man whose capital is his ability, no other 
 section of the country offers so many and so great advantages as the 
 marvellous region reached via the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern 
 Railway, better known as the "Iron Mountain Route". 
 
 Leaving the St. Louis Union Station — the largest and most 
 magnificent railway station in the world, — this route operates daily 
 through Pullmann Buffet Sleeping cars between St. Louis and all the 
 principal cities and health resorts of the Southwest, making direct connec- 
 tion at St. Louis Union Station with Eastern lines from New York and 
 Atlantic Coast points. The line traverses a country exceptionally rich in 
 natural resources. 
 
 Starting from St. Louis the train winds along the bank of the 
 Mississippi River. After crossing the picturesque Meramec River the road 
 passes through De Soto, an old French settlement, now a busy town of 
 about five thousand. Here are located the shops of the Iron Momitain 
 Route, which furnish employment to a large number of mechanics. 
 
 Winding hills and valleys, the. rugged bluffs of Missouri affording 
 scenery that rivals the far-famed Hudson, the line passes through Mineral 
 Point, Irondale, Bismarck, Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob and Ironton , places 
 whose names indicate the nature of the country; or, if they did not, it 
 might be gathered from the dark red patches of soil, visible on every 
 hand. For the pilgrim is now in the great iron and lead mining region 
 of Missouri. 
 
 Beyond here the line passes through the beautiful Aixadia Valley, 
 through the heart of the Ozark Mountains and ariives at Poplar Bluff, 
 where connection is made with the branch from Cairo. 
 
 At Knobel the through car from St. Louis to Memphis leaves the 
 main line, affording a pleasant and rapid trip. 
 
 At Bald Knob ninety-one miles from Memphis and two hundred 
 and eighty-eight from St. Louis, the trains from Memphis to Little Rock, 
 Hot Springs and Texarkana are consolidated with the through trains on 
 the main line; the train that leaves Memphis in the morning connects 
 
 223 11 
 
with the East Government Mail, and the one leaving there in the morning, 
 with the day express that leaves St. Louis in the morning. 
 
 From Bald Knob to Little Rock the lir.e passes through one of 
 the best fruit-producing regions, that fiu'nishes large quantities of berries 
 and peaches to the markets of the North and East. 
 
 From Little Rock the Houston Central Ai'kansas and Northern 
 Division of the- Iron Mountain Route, also the Little Rock and Arkansas 
 Valley Division, leave the main line for Arkansas City, Arkansas and for 
 Monroe and Alexandria, La., making at this last point direct connection 
 for New Orleans. At Malvern 388 miles, from St. Louis the Hot Springs 
 Ry. connects the Iron Mountain Route with th,at resort. Stopover at Malv- 
 ern is allowed on all through tickets over the Iron Mountain Route, 
 which is an additional inducement to the traveler to select this route to 
 the South and Southwest. 
 
 Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars and Free Reclining Chair Cars are 
 operated Memphis and Hot Springs, and St. Louis and Hot Springs. 
 
 After passing through a rich and fertile district, largely given to the 
 production of fruit, the line reaches its terminus, Texarkana, the "Gateway 
 to Texas". — Here connection is made for all points in Texas and the 
 Winter Resorts of the Pacific Coast. Here is made direct connection for 
 Laredo, the short line to the City of Mexico. 
 
 The Irott Mountam Route, in connection with the Texas and Pacific 
 and Southern Pacific Railways, constitutes the True Southern Route, to 
 Los Angeles and the health resorts of California. This is beyond question 
 the best route to Los Angeles, passing as it does through a pleasant and 
 agreeable climate, subjecting the traveler to no annoyance of cold, nor 
 to the danger and delay of snow blockades. 
 
 The Equipment of these through trains is superexcellent; the Pull- 
 man Buffet Sleeping Cars rival in the magnificence of their appointments 
 the completeness of a metropolitan hotel. They are upholstered in the 
 best style, have lavatories, smoking rooms, are heated by steam, and all 
 conveniences that can, in any manner, minister to the convenience and 
 comfort of the traveler have been provided. 
 
 Passengers from the East can purchase tickets dii"ect to all principal 
 pomts in Texas from agents of any of the lines whose western termini 
 are at St. Louis, making certain that these tickets read via the Iron 
 Mountain Route. 
 
 Passengers from points south of the Ohio River can obtain similar 
 tickets from agents of all lines centering at Memphis. 
 
 224 
 
MONTANA. 
 
 Is an Indian word meaning "the 
 country of the mountains," and was 
 visited by the French explorer 
 Verendrye and his brother as early 
 as 1743—44. The Lewis and Clarke 
 expedition was here in 18o5, and 
 named the three forks of the Missouri 
 respectively, Gallatin, Madison, and 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Montana is one of the youngest of 
 the States, and lies on both sides 
 of the great continental divide of 
 the Rocky Mountains, and extends 
 along a distance eastward over 
 rolling bunch-gi"ass plains. It has 
 an area of 143,776 square miles, or 
 92,ol6,64o acres. It is an exceedingly 
 picturesque region comprising many 
 magnificent mountain ranges, with 
 beautiful fertile valleys between them, 
 noble rivers and immense prairies 
 covered with grass. 
 
 The eastern part of Montana is 
 a pastoral coimtry, where cattle, 
 horses, and sheep are raised in large 
 numbers. Horses and cattle range 
 the veEir round, feeding all winter 
 on tne dried bunch-grass, cured by 
 . the sun and winds of the summer. 
 In the central and western portions 
 of the State farming is carried on by 
 the aid of irrigation in the valleys, 
 and very heavy crops of wheat, oats, 
 and barley are produced. Springs 
 and melting snows of the mountains 
 give rise to a great number of 
 streams, which flow fullest in the 
 summer season, when they are 
 needed for irrigation. The natural 
 slope of the land in the valleys 
 makes the construction of ditches 
 inexpensive. Wheat yields from 
 25 to 4o bushels per acre, weighing 
 from 61 to 65 pounds to the bushel, 
 and from 4o to 55 bushels are 
 frequently raised with a little extra 
 
 skill and care in the work of irriga- 
 tion. Oats yield 6o to 9o bushels to 
 the acre. Barley is one of the most 
 profitable crops; the quality of this 
 grain is such that it is in constant 
 demand for the making of malt in 
 the great brewing centers of the 
 East. Potatoes yield heavily, and 
 are solid and of excellent flavor. 
 The population of the State is about 
 175,000, a large number of whom 
 are engaged in mining and stock- 
 raising. 
 
 Montana sends every year about 
 lOO.OOO head of cattle eastward to 
 the markets of St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
 and Chicago. These cattle come off 
 the open ranges and receive no care 
 in winter or summer. The bunch- 
 grass of the mountains, plains, and 
 foothills is the most nutritious grass 
 in the world and produces remarkably 
 sweet, tender, and juicy beef. Sheep- 
 raising is another great industry 
 in Montana; the profits are large, 
 the wool returning at least 25 per 
 cent of the investment in the flock, 
 while the anual increase of the flock 
 ranges from 7o to 9o per cent. 
 Montana horses have already made 
 a reputation for speed on the race- 
 courses of the East. The dry, pure 
 air gives them remarkably good 
 development of lungs, and as they 
 are raised on open ranges, where 
 they have free run, they are hardy 
 and healthy. 
 
 The great industry of Montana is 
 mining for the precious metals. Silver 
 and gold ores are found in all the 
 mountainous regions of the State, and 
 the total annual output of the precious 
 metals, including copper and lead, 
 amounts to about $ 45,000,000_. The 
 recent depression in the price of 
 silver has directed fresh attention to 
 
 225 
 
 11* 
 
gold-bearing quartz and gold-placer 
 ground, which can be worked by 
 hydraulic methods, and the output 
 of gold is constantly increasing. 
 Silver minmg will, however, always 
 continue to be one of the leading- 
 industries of the State. Montana 
 has the most productive silver mines 
 in the world, the most important 
 copper mine, and many of the richest 
 gold mines. Lignite and bituminous 
 coal of good quality are to be had 
 at a number of pomts for domestic 
 and locomotive fuel, and for making 
 coke for the use of the mills. 
 
 ANACONDA, Mon. 
 Montana Union Ry. Population 
 10,000, forty-two miles south of 
 Garrison, is a noted mining town, and 
 smelting works and copper refinery 
 are within half a mile of the town; 
 2,000 men are employed at these 
 works. The „Montana," is one of 
 the finest hotels in the West. The 
 Montana Union Ry.'s machine and 
 car shops employ 200 men. Large 
 foundry and machine shops, good 
 schools and churches, water-works, 
 electric-light plant, electric railway 
 running to Carroll, two miles distant, 
 at which point are located the "Lower 
 Works" of the Anaconda Smelting Co., 
 are a few of the many evidences of 
 prosperity at Anaconda. All branches 
 of trade are represented and are 
 upon a solid basis, This is the 
 county seat of Deer Lodge county. 
 
 ARLEE, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. In the Jocko 
 Valley on the Flathead Indian 
 Reservation, population 25, has one 
 hotel and one store. All supplies 
 for the Flathead Indian Agency, four 
 and one-half miles northeast, are 
 received at this point. 
 
 AVON, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On little Black- 
 foot River, has one hotel, store, livery 
 stable, etc. Shipments are prin- 
 cipally wool and lumber. Surrounded 
 by fine country adapted to farming 
 and stock raismg. Fine fishing, also 
 large and small game plentiful. 
 
 BASIN, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Boulder Branch. Popula- 
 
 tion 1,000. Has nine stores, three 
 hotels, two public halls, school, two 
 livery stables, blacksmith shops 
 newspaper. The mining industry 
 here now employs 200 men and is 
 still increasing, 
 
 BELGRADE, Mon, 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 250, 
 situated in the heart of the famous 
 GallatinValley, has fine school, church, 
 three blacksmith shops, three general 
 stores, lumber yard, two elevators, 
 capacity 250,000 bushels. Good trout 
 fishing, and small game in abundance. 
 
 BIG TIMBER, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S.'D. On the Yell and 
 Boulder rivers, population 1,000, 
 county seat of Sweet Grass County, 
 has two hotels, three general stores, 
 two hardware stores, one bank, etc. 
 Is the outlet for an almost exclusively 
 stock raising,wo ol growing and mining 
 section. Game and fish are plenty. 
 
 BILLINGS, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the county 
 seat of Yellowstone county; the 
 commercial, financial. Railroad, and 
 distributing center for the country 
 for a radius of one hundred and 
 fifty miles. Situated at the first 
 crossing of the beautiful Yellowstone 
 River, it has a population of 3,000 
 people. Water-works, electric lights, 
 two high schools, first class hotels, 
 county jail, court house, four churches, 
 wholesale and retail groeery, hai-d- 
 ware, dry goods, and drug houses, 
 two newspapers, complete fire com- 
 pany, building and loan society, 
 board of trade, and two national 
 banks with $ 200,000 capital, and 
 individual deposits of over $ 500,000, 
 It is the largest wool-shipping point 
 in the State, over 4,00O,< 00 pounds 
 having been shipped during 1893. 
 Situated at the mouth of the famous 
 Yellowstone Valley, with an irrigat 
 ing ditch thirty-nine miles in length, 
 besides the Canyon Creek and other 
 smaller ditches, this valley produces 
 the choicest wheat, oats, barley,' 
 vegetables, and small fruits of all! 
 kinds, besides apples, corn, and alfalfjt 
 and other tame grasses. Located 
 with in a valley to produce the needs 
 of a city with 25,000 people, ever-, 
 lasting stone quarries, cheap coal. 
 
 226 
 
an abundance of water, and with its 
 stock range to the north ad south 
 for a distance of two hundred miles, 
 Billings offers to the investor, or the 
 home seeker, great inducements. 
 2,000,000 acres of the once noted 
 Crow Indian Reservation has been 
 throvra open to settlement, furnishing 
 homes and stock range for all that 
 come, and within a few hours' drive 
 of this city. Natural resources alone 
 have made Billings all it is to-day, 
 and with the location of the State 
 Penitentiary buildings, and other 
 very important industries, the settling 
 up of the ceded part of the reserv- 
 ation and the increasing stock in- 
 dustries, establishes it for all years 
 to come as a great city. Large and 
 small game in abundance. The Bur- 
 lington & Missouri River Ry. conn- 
 ects with the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 way at this point. 
 
 BLOSSBURG, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. 8. D. Population 3 50, 
 has two general stores, and a school. 
 Noted for its large shipments of brick. 
 Thirty-five thousand cords of wood 
 shipped during 1894. 
 
 BONNER, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, has 
 one sawmill, capacity 140,000 feet per 
 day, sash and door factory, flour mill, 
 school, one general store, one hotel. 
 Game: deer, mountain lion, elk, and 
 mountain sheep and all small game. 
 
 BOULDER, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Boulder Branch. Popula- 
 tion, 1,200, county seat of Jefferson 
 county, and is the source of supplies 
 for the rich mining region which 
 surrounds it, and has a 100 ton 
 capacity smelter. Three miles distant 
 are the Boulder Hot Springs, noted 
 for their curative powers; private 
 and plunge baths open all the year. 
 Five stores, three churches, three 
 hotels, one bank, livery stables, 
 public schools, weekly newspapers, 
 and a court house, State deaf, dumb, 
 and blind asylum. 
 
 BOZEMAN, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the East 
 
 GaUatin River, population 3,SOO, is 
 
 the county seat and commercial center 
 
 of Gallatin County. It has three 
 
 miles of electric street railway, elec- 
 tric light, and water-works plant, 
 and a telephone system, two hotels, 
 one opera house, city hall, five halls, 
 a public libraiy, two fine public 
 school houses, and the State Agri- 
 cultural College, three weekly news- 
 papers, three banks, seven churches, 
 three flouriny- mills, four grain ele- 
 vators, two planing mills, a brewery, 
 fifty stores, U. S. Land Office, a 
 Building and Loan Association, and 
 a court house. Extensive coal mines 
 are within eight miles, and large 
 gold, silver, iron, and copper depo- 
 sits near by. Both placer and quartz 
 mines are being rapidly developed. 
 The surrounding country, the Gallatin 
 Valley, is famous as fine farm and 
 grating land, well timbered oh the 
 streams and mountains. Heavy crops 
 of wheat, oats, rye, and barley are 
 raised by irrigation. Large and 
 small game and fish abundant, the 
 famous grayling being found in the 
 Upper West Gallatin." It is becom- 
 ing very popular as a summer resort. 
 
 BUTTE, Mon. 
 N. P. R. Butte Line Population 
 38,065, is located close to the main 
 dividing range of the Rockies, on 
 the west slope, near the head-waters 
 of Clark's Fork of the Columbia. 
 While not included within the cor- 
 porate limits of Butte, Walkerville, 
 Centreville, Burlington, Meadeville 
 and numerous additions to the city 
 are practically part of it, being 
 connected by cable and electric rail- 
 ways with the city. The combined 
 population of these suburbs is, 23,955, 
 making Butte's population really 
 62,000. Butte is the county seat of 
 Silver Bow county, and is the present 
 western terminus of the branch line 
 from Logan. It is also the southern 
 terminus of the Montana Union Rail- 
 way, and has its western outlet at 
 Garrison station, 50 miles west of 
 Helena. It has all the conveniences 
 of an Eastern city, being lighted by 
 electricity and gas; has a street 
 railway system ol ten miles operated 
 by steam motors, electric and cable 
 lines, consolidated water company, 
 a newly constructed system of 
 sewerage, court house and jai], el- 
 egant new opera house, new free 
 
 227 
 
public libraiy, six banks, with large 
 capital, new hotels, large stores, 
 carrying heavy stocks of mei chandise, 
 six newspapers, hospitals, first-class 
 schools, two telegraph companies, 
 telephone and district telegraph. 
 Bi;tte is well known to be the largest 
 and most prosperous mining city in 
 the world. The products are prin- 
 cipally copper and silver, together 
 with some gold; 4,000 miners are 
 employed within a radius of a mile 
 and a half from the court house. 
 There are over 4,000 mines patented 
 in this district. Six smelteries and 
 six silver mills run day and night 
 reducing ores to copper matte and 
 silver bullion. The largest mining 
 companies are The Anaconda Com- 
 pan}% owning the famous "Anaconda" 
 and "St. Lawrence" copper mines, 
 together with a group of copper, 
 and silver mines partly developed 
 of untold wealth, known as the 
 "Chamber's Syndicate." The Boston 
 & Montana Company, with a group 
 of splendid copper properties, fore- 
 mast of which may be mentioned 
 the "Mountain View," "Lloyd & 
 Harris," "Colusa," and many other 
 bonanzas of note. The Butte & 
 Boston Company ranks third, with 
 a large and valuable group of silver 
 and copper properties, smeltery and 
 silver mills. The Parrot Company 
 is one of the most prosperous 
 corporations in the city, having 
 splendid copper mines, the product 
 of which is manufactmed into pig 
 Copper arid shipped to the East. 
 The Butte Reduction Works and 
 Colorado Mining & Smelting Co. 
 also own considerable property, and 
 are large shippers of copper matte 
 to the East. The principal silver 
 mines and mills are the "Blue Bird," 
 "Silver Bow," "Lexington," "Alice," 
 "Moulton," and others of minor 
 notice. The Anaconda Company 
 ships 4,000 tons of copper-silver ores 
 daily to their immense reduction 
 works at Anaconda, which are by 
 far the largest in the world. The 
 product of copper, silver and gold 
 m Silver Bow County for the year 
 1893, reached the enormous sum of 
 $748,786,77 in gold.and $8,311,130,82 
 in silver, and yet the mining industry 
 is still in its infancy in this district. 
 
 The Boston & Montana and Butte 
 & Boston Companies have just begun 
 to develop their numerous mines 
 recently acquired by purchase. Butte 
 has the choice of two outlets to the 
 main line of the Northern Pacific 
 Railway, and has excellent train 
 service in all directions. Two trains 
 each way run daily between Butte 
 and Helena and Missoula, The 
 sm'rounding country is mountainous, 
 consisting of grazing and timber 
 lands. Shipments are chiefly gold 
 and silver bullions, copper matte, 
 and pig copper. Lumber and wood 
 interests are very large, and a 
 immense capital is invested in fur- 
 nishing these commodities. 
 
 CHICORY, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. Park Branch. Is the 
 diverging point for Emigrant Gulch 
 and Mill Creek Mining Camps, 
 where the gravel pays from $ 2,25 
 and upwards per cubic yard in gold. 
 
 CINNABAR, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. Park Branch. Population 
 150, one store, hotel, livery^, the 
 terminus of the Park Branch, 51 
 miles from Livingston , is the 
 railroad station for the celebrated 
 Clark' Fork Mines, the Gardiner 
 River Mines, Bear and Crevice 
 Gulch Mines; but its principal 
 importance lies in that it is located 
 at the entrance to the renowned 
 Yellowstone National Park, and 
 only six miles from the Mammoth 
 Hot Springs and the Yellowstone 
 Park Hotel, to which a line of fine 
 Concord coaches are run. Low 
 excursion. rates are made to the Park 
 and thousands of tourists visited it 
 the past season. This is the direct 
 and only rail route to the Park. 
 
 Cokedale Spur leaves the main 
 line at a point four miles west of 
 Livingston, Mon., running three and 
 a half miles due west to Cokedale. 
 Mon. Coal mines have been opened 
 at this point, with tunnels driven to 
 the extent of four or five thousand 
 feet. Twenty -seven coke ovens are 
 now in full operation, turning out 
 coke in every way equal, if not 
 superior, to Caonnellsville coke. 
 
 228 
 
COLUMBUS, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Located on the 
 Yellowstone, opposite the mouth of 
 the Stillwater River, has a population 
 of 250 people, with two hotels, two 
 livery stables, four stores, weekly 
 newspaper, one school house, black- 
 smith shops, and one public hall. 
 All kinds of game, including beaver, 
 otter, mink, etc. Trout fishing very 
 fine. 
 
 CUSTER, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L, S. D. Derives its 
 name from Fort Custer, the largest 
 military post in Montana, thirty 
 miles south, reached by private con- 
 veyance. Junction City, the river 
 landing, is half a mile distant. 
 
 DEER LODGE, Mon. 
 Montana. Union Ry. Is on the 
 M. U. Ry., 11 miles south of Garrison. 
 It is located on the river of the 
 same name, has a population of 1,300. 
 It has four hotels, one bank, 15 
 general stores, two newspapers, five 
 churches, public school' and two 
 colleges. The State Penitentiary is 
 located here. The surrounding 
 country is good farming land, produc- 
 ing grain and vegetables. Shipments 
 are grain, wool, stock, ore, hides, 
 etc. AU kinds of large game and 
 mountain trout abundant. The first 
 discovery of gold in Montana was 
 made, in Deer Lodge collnty. The 
 quartz mines in the vicinity of Deer 
 Lodge are being rapidly developed. 
 The ore is of a rich quality, and 
 gives large returns. 
 
 DRUMMOND, Mon. — Granite Mt. 
 Mining Region. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150 
 has two hotels, two stores, livery 
 and school house. Twenty-six miles 
 to the south is the famous Philips- 
 burg Mining District reached by 
 the branch line to Rumsey. At this 
 point are the mines of the Granite 
 Mountain Mining Co., who have in 
 continuous operation a 70-stamp raill. 
 The Bi-Metallic MiningCo., adjoining 
 the Granite, have equally as fine a 
 bqdy of ore. They are now running 
 20 stamps. Other mines adjacent 
 are the Bath, West Granite, North 
 Granite, San Francisco, Latoona, 
 
 Blaine, and Princeton mines. The 
 Philipsburg Branch connects with 
 main line here, running 32 miles 
 south. 
 
 ELKHORN, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Boulder Branch. Popula- 
 tion 1,000, is a mining town on the 
 Crow Creek Range, at the foot of 
 Baldy Mountain. Several important 
 milles are located near here, The 
 Elkhorn Mining Company employ 
 200 miners. There are six stores 
 four hotels, church, school, etc. 
 
 ELLISTON, Mon. 
 N. R. R. L. S. D. Population 350, 
 has two stores, two hotels, good 
 school, shipped 20,000 cords wood 
 1895, several good mines, (10,000 tons 
 of ore shipped in 1895), also good 
 fishing and hunting. 
 
 FERRIS HOT SPRINGS, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. These noted 
 Springs are situated but six miles 
 from Bozeman, and can be easily 
 reached at all times. 
 
 FLORENCE, Mon. 
 
 M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
 Population 100, has one store, two 
 saw mills, one hotel, church, etc. 
 Lumber is the principal shipment. 
 
 FORSYTHE, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Yellow- 
 stone, has a population of 400 people, 
 railroad round houses and repair 
 shops, eight general stores, two 
 hotels a chm-ch and good school. 
 All kinds of game and fish. 
 
 FRENCHTOWN, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Desmet Branch. Popula- 
 tion 150, has one general store, one 
 hotel, one saw mill, church, school, 
 etc. Situated in the Missoula River 
 Valley and surrounded by farming 
 lands. Shipments: Grain, hay, and 
 lumber. Good fishing and hunting. 
 
 FT. KEOGH, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Two miles west 
 of Tongue River, and half a mile 
 south of the Yellowstone, is a mili- 
 tary post of nine companies. Res- 
 ident population is 500. 
 
 229 
 
GALLATIN, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Situated at the 
 head of the Missouri River, formed 
 by the intersection of the Madison, 
 Jefferson, and Gallatin Rivers, has 
 a good water power. One hotel, 
 one store. Shipments : hay, flour, live 
 
 GARRISON, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On Hell Gate 
 River near the mouth of the Little 
 Blackfoot. Population, 105. Being 
 at the junction with the Montana 
 Union Ry. and the diverging point 
 for Deer Lodge, Butte etc., makes 
 it an important railroad point. Has 
 hotel, store and school. Deer, bear, 
 and grouse are found. Trout, plenty. 
 
 GAYLORD, Mon. 
 N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
 250. The Parrot Silver & Copper 
 are located here. Much prospecting 
 and development work is being done 
 in the mountains near at hand. 
 
 GLENDIVE, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Yellow- 
 stone River, county seat of Dawsoii 
 county, is the junction of Missouri 
 and Yellowstone Divisions, division 
 headquarters with machine shops, 
 round-houses, etc. Has a population 
 of 1,500, three hotels, three churches, 
 fine school building, court house, 
 jail, one weekly newspaper, a wool 
 warehouse, several stores, bank, an 
 opera house, a fine race track, and 
 is distributing point for a large area 
 of fine country. Products are 
 wheat, barley, corn, rye, oats and 
 vegetables. Shipments are cattle, 
 horses, sheep, and wool. Game: 
 deer, antelope, prairie chickens, ducks, 
 and geese. Stages run tri-weekly 
 between here and Ft. Buford, distance 
 eighty miles. 
 
 GOLD CREEK, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Eight miles west 
 of Garrison. Valuable mines of silver 
 and lead are being operated in the 
 Dunklebeig Mining District, twelve 
 miles distant. Gold mines at Pioneer, 
 seven miles distant, are also being 
 worked successfully. 
 
 GRANTSDALE, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
 
 Population 100, has one store, one 
 hotel, hall, weekly newspaper, etc. 
 Sleeping Child and Wilds Medical 
 hot springs reached by stage, tri- 
 weekly. This is the present terminus 
 of the Bitter Root Branch, south 
 from Missoula. Good farming lands 
 near by. Fine hunting and fish ing 
 
 HAMILTON, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
 Population 2,000, situated on Bitter 
 Root River. Three hotels, fine opera 
 house, seating capacity 750, several 
 stores, two weekly newspapers, 
 complete water system and electi'ic 
 light plant. Marcus Daly's Bitter 
 Root Stock Farm is located here. 
 Has a saw mill employing 250 men. 
 
 HELENA, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The capital of 
 the State and county seat of Lewis 
 and Clarke County, has a population 
 of 13,834, and an assessed valuation 
 for 1892 of $ 24,600,000. It is the 
 commercial financial, railroad, and 
 distributing center of the State. It 
 has six national banks and two 
 savings bank, with capital and surplus 
 of $ 3,509,926.26. It has two Build- 
 ing and Loan Associations, offices 
 of four Loan Companies with capital 
 of $ 5,000,000. United States Circuit 
 Court, United States Land Office, 
 United States Assay Office, offices 
 of United States Marshal, Collector 
 of Internal Revenue, Paymaster and 
 Quartermaster United States Army, 
 State Armory Building, County Court 
 House, which cost $ 200,000, six 
 large hotels, seventeen churches, an 
 Auditorium with a seating capacity 
 of 2,000, a club house, costing 
 S 100,000, high school building, seven 
 ward schools, and two Catholic school 
 buildings, and Orphan's home, Epis- 
 copal pai-ish school, and several 
 private schools. Montana University 
 (Methodist), a fine public library, 
 supported by the city, two daily and 
 five weekly newspapers, and four 
 monthly periodicals, one opera house 
 (seating capacity 1,000), four public 
 halls, and a strong and influential 
 Board of Trade. A military post has 
 been established at Helena, which 
 will become one of the principal 
 points for the quartering of troops 
 
 230 
 
in the Northwest. It has been 
 sewerage system, inaugurated fn 1889. 
 The plant of the Helena Consolidated 
 Water Co. is valued at $ 2,500,000. 
 It has eighteen miles of electric car 
 lines, one electric light company, 
 and one gas light company, and a 
 power plant on the Missouri River, 
 capable of transmitting 10,000 horse 
 power by electricity, to the city, for 
 manufacturing purposes. Its telegraph 
 (Western Union andRockyMountain), 
 telephone, district messenger and fire 
 alarm service is complete. Its paid 
 fire, department is well organized 
 and fully equipped. It has two 
 foundries, five planing mills, three 
 breweries, one flouring mill, one 
 cracker factory, one soap factory, 
 with numerous other manufacturing 
 establishments. Its jobbing and 
 retail trade is large. Helena is 
 situated in the center of a mineral 
 region unsurpassed either in Montana 
 or elsewhere for the number and 
 richness of its gold and silver bearing- 
 lodes, there being, within twenty- 
 five miles, over 3,000 quartz lodes, 
 which have been claimed and re- 
 corded, and several hundred patented. 
 Besides the gold and silver lodes, 
 veins of galena, copper, and iron 
 are found in great numbers. About 
 twelve miles from the city, on the 
 Missouri river bars, are the now 
 world-famed sapphire fields, owned 
 and operated by an English corpora- 
 tion, capitalized at $ 2,250,000. The 
 branch railroad to Wickes, Boulder, 
 Basin, and Elkhorn, running 55 miles, 
 south, opens up the celebrated mining 
 districts and furnishes transportation 
 to mines heretofore almost inacces- 
 sible. That to Marysville, 22 miles 
 west, opens up one of the richest 
 gold fields in the State. The Prickly 
 Peai" Valley, covering an ai"ea 15x25 
 miles, lies north, east, and west of 
 Helena, and is famous for its fine 
 crops. The mountains are covered 
 with "bunch" grass and good timber, 
 and are excellent stock ranges. The 
 export consists of large quantities of 
 bullion and ore, cattle, sheep, wool, 
 hides, sheep pelts, deer and elk skins, 
 besides beaver and other furs. Large 
 and small game abundant. Principal 
 among the attractions of Helena are 
 the celebrated Hot Springs. Hotel 
 
 231 
 
 Broadwater, and Natatorium, situated 
 on the Northern Pacific, and electric 
 lines, two ane one-half miles west 
 of the court house, which are much 
 resorted to by tourists, and by 
 persons afflicted with rheumatism 
 and other diseases. The temperature 
 of the water, as it bubbles up fronni 
 the earth, varies from 110" to 190" 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 HUNTER'S HOT SPRINGS. 
 
 Situated in the Foot Hills of the 
 Crazy Mountains, two and a half 
 miles from Springdale, Mont., on 
 the line of the N. F. Ry., are Hunt- 
 er's Hot Springs. The waters of 
 these Springs are discharged at the 
 rate of 2,ooo gallons per minute, 
 their temperature being from 148 " to 
 168 " Fahr., and are well known as 
 containing medicinal properties for 
 the cure of rheumatism, gout, neu- 
 ralgia, lumbago, sciatica, dropsy, and 
 all blood diseases. 
 
 On account of the limited acconi- 
 modations in the past, these Springs 
 have never been brought prommently 
 before the public, and were well 
 known only through the West, being 
 visited by large numbers of invalids 
 and tourists from Dakota, Montana, 
 Wyoming; Idaho and other Western 
 pomts. 
 
 New buildings have been erected 
 which have ample accommodations 
 for 75 guests, and the erection of a 
 number of new cottages, is contem- 
 plated care being taken to give every- 
 one the best possible attention. 
 
 The bath houses have been renov- 
 ated and improved. At present 
 there are in use a plunge bath, 15 
 by 18 fefet, and fourteen tubs; also 
 a new building with four tubs, plunge 
 bath, and reading and dressing 
 rooms. A plunge l)ath, 105 by 105 
 feet, for use during the summer 
 months, has lately been completed. 
 
 Rates at the hotel are about $ 2,50 
 per day, $ 15,00 per week, or $ 50,00 
 per month. These charges include 
 use of baths. 
 
 Hacks transfer all passengers be- 
 tween Springdale and the Springs. 
 Livery charges for double team, 
 seating four persons, $ 5,00 per day; 
 saddle horses, $ 2,00 per day. 
 
The scenery surrounding Hunter's 
 Hot Springs is exceedingly beautiful. 
 Being situated in the Foot Hills of 
 the Crazy Mountains, in a natural 
 amphitheatre opening to the south, 
 protected on the west, north and 
 east by the Belt, Snowy and Bull 
 Ranges of Mountains, the natural 
 surroundings and climatic conditions 
 are all that could be desired. The 
 Springs are over 4,000 feet above 
 the sea level, and some 140 feet 
 above the level of the Yellowstone 
 River, about two and a half miles 
 distant. 
 
 Extra fine hvmting, both large and 
 small game; also very fine trout 
 fishing in Yellowstone River. 
 
 Round trip tickets to Springdale 
 are on sale at St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
 Duluth, and Ashland during the 
 summer. 
 
 JEFFERSON, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Wickes Branch. 20 miles 
 from Helena, has a population of 
 200, one school, hotel, etc. This is 
 the diverging point for the Boulder 
 Branch to Calvin, 30 miles distant. 
 The surrounding country is very rich 
 in gold and silver. 
 
 IRON MOUNTAIN, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Desmet Branch. Is 
 located on the Missoula River, op- 
 posite .Superior, a town of about 
 1,000 inhabitants. The surrounding 
 country is rich in minerals. 
 
 LAUREL, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 50, 
 is the junction of the Northern Pacific 
 Ry. and Rocky Fork Branch, which 
 runs to Red Lodge. General store, 
 hotel, school, hall, harness and 
 blacksmith shop. 
 
 LIVINGSTON, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. With 2,800 people, 
 is located at the foot of the Belt 
 Range of Mountains, and at the last 
 crossing of the Yellowstone River. 
 It has the largest railroad round 
 house and machine shops between 
 Brainerd and Portland, also four 
 hotels, three banks, one hall, seventy- 
 five to one hundred stores, three 
 weekly newspapers, new court house 
 
 and city hall, three schools and seven 
 churches, two systems water-works 
 — reservoir and steam. The Hotel 
 Albemarle, three stories high, con- 
 taining 100 rooms, is heated by steam 
 and has hot and cold water through- 
 out the house and complete system 
 of electric light and electric bells. 
 Good livery furnishes an opportunity 
 to all for the many beautiful drives 
 Livingston offers. Products: wheat, 
 oats, barly corn, vegetables. Ship- 
 ments: bullion, ore, coal, coke, live 
 stock, wool, hides, lime, and brick. 
 Game: elk, deer, antelope, beai-, 
 mountain lions, wolves, foxes, grouse, 
 curlews, geese, and ducks. Fish: 
 grayling and trout. The branch 
 line to the Yellozvsione National 
 Park leaves the main hne at this 
 point. The silver, coal and gold 
 mines are being rapidly developed. 
 Recent assays of ore from Cook 
 City and other camps have been tho 
 roughly satisfactory. 
 
 LOGAN, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population lOO, 
 is the diverging point from the main 
 line and the "Butte Line" to Butte, 
 and is situated on the Gallatin river. 
 One general store, hotel, school, 
 saloon, and livery. 
 
 MANHATTAN, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is situated in 
 the center of the beautiful Gallatin 
 Valley, and on the banks of the West 
 Gallatin River, which furnishes water 
 power and abundant supply for 
 irrigation. Population 100. Is the 
 center of a most fertile farming 
 country. Here is located the exten- 
 sive barley farm of the Manhattan 
 Malting Company. Also the largest 
 grain elevator west of St. Paul. Also 
 a large malt house. Has one commod- 
 ious hotel, two smaller hotels, sev- 
 eral stores, a fine school house, a 
 livery stable, a lumber yard and a 
 number of comfortable residences. 
 Fresh water streams near by abound 
 in fish, and there is plenty of game 
 near at hand. The largest Irrigation 
 canal in Montana, constructed by 
 the West Gallatin Irrigation Company, 
 is easly accessible from Manhattan. 
 The lands of this company, considered 
 
 52 
 
among the finest in the West, for 
 agricultural purposes, are tributary 
 to Manhattan. On these lands a 
 flomishing colony of Hollanders is 
 located, and other settlers are con- 
 tinually arriving. 
 
 MARYSVILLE, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Marysville Branch. 
 Population 1,520. This is the 
 distributing point for several of the 
 rich mines which are close at hand. 
 It has graded schools, churches, 
 several stores, large foundry and 
 electric lights, also water plant; 
 opera house with seating capacity for 
 500. The famous Drum Lummon 
 Gold Mine is located here. 
 
 MILES, CITY, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Custer county, on the Yellowstone, 
 at the mouth of the Tongue Rivei", 
 and has a population of l,500, thi'ee 
 hotels, a U. S. Land Offihe, water 
 works, live churches, two national 
 banks, a court house, one daily and 
 two weekly newspapers, one school 
 building, opera house, two saw mills, 
 two. brewei'ies and forty stores. A 
 fine race track is located here, with 
 accommodations for 300 horses. 
 Products are oats, wheat, corn, bar- 
 ley and potatoes. Shipments : stock, 
 wool beef, hides, etc. Game : elk, 
 blacktail deer, antelope, mountain 
 sheep, bear, duck, grouse and sage 
 hens. Fish: sturgeon, pike, catfish. 
 Tri - weekly stage to Deadwood. 
 Miles City is the banking and general 
 business point for the large area 
 of cattle country both north and 
 south. of the Yellowstone River. 
 
 MISSOULA, Mont. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Missoula County, on Missoula River, 
 with good water power, has popula- 
 tion of 4,600. It is the distributing 
 point for a large country around. 
 It has two banks, seven hotels, large 
 mercantile houses, two daily and 
 four weekly newspapers, four public 
 school houses, eight churches, lighted 
 by electricity, has complete water 
 works and sewerage systems, street 
 car lines, planing null, sash and door 
 factory, brewery, oat meal mill, two 
 bottling works, brick, earthenware. 
 
 and sewerpipe w^orks. United States 
 Land Office is located here. The 
 railroad round houses and shops 
 and the Western Divisions Hospital 
 of the Northern Pacific Railway are 
 here. There is a large Catholic 
 hospital and convent here, a free 
 public library. University of Mon- 
 tana located here, a good nre depart- 
 ment, a telephone and two telegraph 
 systems. Many rich mining prop- 
 erties are being opened up all around, 
 foremost among which are the Iron 
 Mountain and Nine Mile mining 
 companies property, both of which 
 lie to the westward on the Northern 
 Pacific, which runs from here to the 
 rich Coeur d'Alene mining country. 
 There are two large and fertile 
 valleys lying to the south and west 
 of Missoula. The foremost (the 
 Bitter Root Valley), is traversed by 
 a branch of the Northern Pacific 
 System from Missoula to Grantsdale. 
 Grain and vegetables of all kinds 
 are raised in these valleys, and fine 
 berries and fruits are grown both in 
 Missoula and in these valleys. Four 
 miles to the south lies Fort Missoula, « 
 a United States military post of three 
 companies of colored infantry and 
 a band. Missoula is in the very heart 
 of a game country; deer, bear, 
 mountain lions, grouse, pheasants, 
 etc., are in abundance, and the streams 
 all about are fairly alive with brook 
 trout. 
 
 NORRIS, Mon. 
 N. P.' R. Butte Line. Is a small 
 town on Hot Spring Creek, three 
 miles west of Red Bluff. Several 
 valuble mines are being developed. 
 Game; large and small. Fishing; 
 trout and grayling. Shipmenls: 
 ore and live stock. Two hotels, 
 store, and livery stable. 
 
 PARK CITY, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Yellow- 
 stone River, has 100 inhabitants, one 
 hotel, two carpenter and wagon re- 
 pair shops, one livery and feed stable, 
 one blacksmith shop, four general 
 stores and one school. Park City is 
 in the center of an extensive tract 
 of rich agricultural lands, in the 
 western portion of what is known 
 as "Clark's Fork Bottom", a beautiful 
 
 23J 
 
meat market, livery, a graded public 
 school, twenty-stamp gold quartz 
 mill. The surrounding mines are 
 being rapidly developed. Large and 
 small game in abundance. North 
 and South Willow Creek furnish 
 trout and grayling. Shipments: 
 ore, grain, and live stock. 
 
 PRICKLY PEAR JUNCTION, OR 
 EAST HELENA, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 8oo, 
 is the junction point of the main 
 line with the Wickes, Boulder, and 
 Elkhorn Branches. Large smelting 
 works of the United Smelting and 
 Refining Co., costing $ 750,000, are 
 located here, and have a capacity of 
 250 tons per day. 
 
 RAVALLI, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. A grovdng 
 
 town in the Flathead Lake country, 
 
 has one store and one hotel. This 
 
 is the shipping point for St. Ignatius 
 
 Mission, five miles north, and the 
 
 Flathead Lake country, 70 miles 
 
 north. Excellent fishing. Fur- 
 
 for past twenty years. Other mines | bearing animals, beaver, fisher, 
 
 adjacent: Sunrise, with twenty stamp marten, mink, otter, etc., found here 
 
 valley from three to twelve miles in 
 width. Products : wheat, oats, barley, 
 rye, and vegetables, yielding pro- 
 fitically; corn, 50 bushels per acre. 
 
 PHILIPSBURG, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Philipsburg Branch- 
 County seat of- Granite county, 
 situated in the center of Flint Creek 
 valle\'. Has 3,000 inhabitants. Has 
 two water companies, twenty-four 
 stores, three drug stores, four 
 churches, fine opera house, iron 
 works, telephone exchange, two 
 telegraph systems, lighted by electric- 
 ity, brewery, high school building, 
 two National banks: center of Granite 
 Mountain and Flint Creek mining 
 districts, headquarters for Granite 
 Mountain Mining Co., who operate 
 a seventy stamp mill at Mine, and a 
 100 stamp mill at Rumsey, six miles 
 distant; also Bi-Metallic Mining Co., 
 who operate a 100 stamp mill, and 
 lixiviating plant in connection 
 (largest silver mill in United States); 
 also Hope Mining Co., with a ten 
 stamp mill in continuous operation 
 
 mill, and reg^ular dividend payer. 
 Combination Co., with twent}'^ stamp 
 mill, and dividend payer. The 
 Trout, Hobo, Shakespeare, Calhoun, 
 Gem, and San Francisco are regular 
 shippers: also supply point for the 
 Red Lion gold district, and Rock 
 Creek Placer and Sapphire mining 
 districts. Large and small game 
 abundant. Shipments, ore and 
 bullion. 
 
 PLAINS, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
 is situated in a beautiful valley, 
 near the Clark's Fork River, which 
 is unsurpassed for agricultural pur- 
 poses, while the foot-hills furnish 
 fine grazing for stock. Shipments: 
 principally cattle, lumber, hay, etc. 
 Has two stores, hotel, church, etc. 
 
 PONY, Mon. 
 N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
 500, is located at the head of Willow 
 Cx-eek Valley. It is the business 
 centre of a large farming, stock- 
 raising and mining district and has 
 three hotels, two stores, two public 
 halls, harness and blacksmith shops. 
 
 in laige numbers. Shipments: furs, 
 and hides. During the summer 
 months there is a stage leaving here 
 three times per week, for foot of 
 lake, connecting with boat for Kalis- 
 pell, Demersville, Egan, Colupibia 
 Falls, and other town m the Flathead 
 Valley country. 
 
 RED LODGE, Mon. 
 N. P. R. Rocky Fork Branch. 
 Population 1,800, county seat of 
 Carbon County, is a coal-mining 
 camp, employing about 500 miners. 
 It has one bank, twelve stores, a 
 saw mill, school, churches, two bak- 
 eries, opera house, seating capacity 
 500; weekly paper, etc. Excellent 
 hunting and fishing: large and small 
 game abundant. This is present 
 terminus of branch and is the outlet 
 to a rich surrounding country. 
 
 RIMINI, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Red Mountain Branch- 
 Red Mountain mining district, popula- 
 tion 50, in Lewis arid Clarke county, 
 at the foot of Red Mountain, has 
 three hotels, one school, four general 
 
 234 
 
stores, one drug store and other 
 business houses. The names, of Red 
 Mountain are distant from the city 
 of Helena about seventeen miles. 
 This mineral field covers an area of 
 about twelve miles square, and con- 
 tains vast deposits of gold, silver, 
 copper lead, and tin. The district was 
 discovered about twenty years ago, 
 and there are now nearly three 
 hundred mineral locations, and it 
 may be truthfully said that it is the 
 most important undeveloped mineral 
 field in Montana, or even in the 
 United States. There are in this 
 mountain vast quantities of low grade 
 silver ore, besides many lodes that 
 carry very high grade ore, the 
 entire mountain being thickly seamed 
 with true fissure veins. 
 
 RUMSEY, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Philip sburg Branch. 
 Population 300, is the terminus of 
 the Phil. Branch. The Granite 
 Mountain Mining Company have a 
 one-hundred-stamp mill at this point 
 which is connected with the mine 
 and another ninety-stamp mill at 
 Granite (one and three-quarters 
 miles distant) by an elevated 
 tramway. 
 
 SAPPINGTON, Moii. 
 N. P. R. Butte Line. Is a small 
 town, the junction point for the 
 branches to Pony and Norris. 
 
 SILVER BOW JUNC, Mon. 
 Montana Union Ry. Population 
 100, is the junction point of Mon- 
 tana Union and Utah & Northern 
 R. Rs. The branch line to Butte 
 leaves the main line of the Montana 
 Union Ry. here. 
 
 SPRINGDALE, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Near the Yellow- 
 stone, is the station for the cele- 
 brated hunters' i ot Springs, con- 
 taining medicinal properties for the 
 cure of rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, 
 etc. These springs are only two and 
 a half miles distant,- and are reached 
 by hacks, which meet all passenger 
 trains. There are accommodations 
 for 75 people. Game and fish 
 abundant. 
 
 STEVENSVILLE, Mon., 
 M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
 Population 800, has eight stores, 
 five churches, two newspapers, one 
 hotel, one furniture store, one school 
 etc. This is the trading point for 
 the lowqr portion of the Bitter Root 
 Valley. Good mining near the 
 town; fine hunting and fishing. 
 
 STUART, Mon. 
 Montana Union Ry. This is a 
 small town at the junction of the 
 Montana Union Ry, within the 
 Branch line running to Anaconda. 
 About the only thing of importance 
 here is Gregson Hot Springs, distant 
 2^2 miles. Good, hotel accommoda- 
 tions, baths, etc., at the springs. 
 
 TERRY, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. p. Population 75, 
 situatedin abeautiful and fertile valley, 
 has three stores, two hotels, one 
 school house, livery stable, a wool 
 ware-house, with a storing capacity 
 of 400,000 ponnds, etc. This is one 
 of the supply points for ranchmen. 
 Shipments: sheep, wool, etc. 
 
 THOMPSON FALLS, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 5oo, 
 located at the Falls of the Clark's 
 Fork River, has five stores, one 
 hotel, school, saw mills, livery stable, 
 weekly paper, two forwarding and 
 commission houses, water works, 
 two blacksmith shops, sash and door 
 factory, etc. 
 
 THREE FORKS, Mon. 
 N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
 80, is situated one-half mile from 
 the junction of the Jefferson, Madison 
 and Gallatin rivers. Large smelters 
 will be built at an early day, the 
 water power being exceptionally 
 fine. Large and small game abun- 
 dant. Excellent fishing. 
 
 TIMBER, LINE, Mon. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, 
 
 is principally a coal mining camp. 
 
 The analysis made of this coal shows 
 
 it to be of a very superior quality. 
 
 TOSTON, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
 has smelting' works, capacity ot 
 
 235 
 
fifty tons ore daily. The surrounding 
 mountains are full of rich gold and 
 silver bearing lodes, some of which 
 are being worked very successfully. 
 
 TOWNSEND, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Missouri 
 River, has a population of 500, two 
 hotels, one bank, one public hall, ten 
 stores, a newspaper, a graded school, 
 and two churches. A number of 
 silver and gold mines in the immediate 
 vicinity are being worked on the old 
 plan without machinery. Principal 
 products and shipments: wheat and 
 oats. Daily coach to White Sulphur 
 Springs, forty miles northeast, noted 
 for their medicinal properties. Good 
 accommodations afforded visitors at 
 the Springs. The stage to White 
 Sulphur Springs connects there with 
 daily coach for the celebratedNeihart 
 Mining Camp. The Hassel (old St. 
 Louis) gold mining district, ten miles 
 distant, is extensively worked, the 
 ore being free milling high grade. 
 
 VICTOR, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
 Population 400, has two churches, 
 two hotels, school, public hall, 
 various stores, etc. This is the 
 shipping point of the Helena &Victor 
 Mining Company, who operate a con- 
 centrator at Curlew Mine of 125 tons 
 capacity, employing about 75 men. 
 
 WARM SPRINGS, Mon. 
 Montana Union Ry. Deer Lodge 
 county, is a popular health and 
 pleasure resort. Good hotel accom- 
 modations for all visitors. Fine 
 hunting and fishing. 
 
 WHITHEHALL, Mon. 
 N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
 400. It has three hotels, church, 
 school, public hall, newspaper, four 
 stores, two lumber and brick yards. 
 Rich mining prospects now being- 
 developed. The famous Pipestone 
 Hot Springs seven miles distant. 
 
 WIBAUX, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
 is on Beaver Creek, in the midst of 
 a fine grazing county. Hotel, two 
 stores, and blacksmith shop. Large 
 horse, cattle and sheep ranges are 
 
 in this vicinity, the average yearly 
 shipments amounting to about 800 
 cars. Lignite coal found in abundance. 
 Game, deer, antelope, ducks, chickens, 
 and plover. 
 
 WICKES, Mon. 
 M. U. R. Wickes Branch. 25 miles 
 from Helena, is the terminus of the 
 Helena & Jefferson Co. Branch. It 
 is in the center of a rich mining 
 district, and at present has 35U 
 mhabitants, two hotels, one public 
 hall, four genei'al stores, one school 
 one church, etc. The output of the 
 mines of Helena Muaing & Reduction 
 Co., namely, the "Alta," "Custer," 
 "Argentum," "Northern Pacific," etc. 
 aggregates 415 tons of ore daily, 
 assaying from 20 to 50 per cent lead, 
 70 to 300 oz. silver, and 1 to 3 oz. 
 gold. The Gregory Mine (not now 
 in operation) produces daily 100 
 tons concentrated to 50 tons, carries 
 50 per cent lead, 115 oz. silver, and 
 one oz. gold. The "Banner," "Minne- 
 sota Lode," and "Mina Lode" are 
 also valuable. The eight or nine miles 
 in the Boulder District, three to five 
 miles south, will each produce daily 
 20 to 50 tons of ore, 50 per cent 
 lead, 50 to 70 oz. silver. THE 
 MONTANA MINING SYNDICATE 
 has developed a fine property a few 
 miles from Wickes. They have 
 opened up two fine leads on one 
 of their properties showing high 
 grade steel galena ore besides an 
 immense body of concentrating ore. 
 It is the present expectation that a 
 reduction plant of a capacity not 
 less than fifty tons a day will be 
 put in at their mine, in which event 
 active production will ensue. The 
 successful development of this prop- 
 erty, and establishment of reduction 
 works contiguous to it, opens up to 
 the world a district which has 
 heretofore been very nearlyneglected, 
 and will have a marked influence 
 on the prosperity of Wickes. 
 
 WINSTON, Mon. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
 has general stores, school aud church, 
 There are several rich gold mines 
 near by; among the richest are the 
 "H and H," "Clay House," "Little 
 Joe," and "MarthaWashington. "There 
 are many more of less importance. 
 
 236 
 
NEBRASKA. 
 
 "The land of broad rivers", a 
 great agricultural State in the cen- 
 tral portion of the American Union, 
 lies between 40 " and 43 " north 
 latitude. Its eastern boundary is 
 95 " 25 ' west longitude, and its west- 
 ern boundary is 104* west longi- 
 tude. It is bounded on the south 
 by Colorado and Kansas, on the east 
 by Missouri and Iowa, on the north 
 by South Dakota, and on the west 
 by Wyoming and Colorado. From 
 north to south the State is 208^2 
 mUes in width. Its length from east 
 to west is 413 nules. Its area is 
 76,647 square miles, or 49,054,080 
 acres. The sirrface of the State is 
 for the greater part an elevated 
 plateau, its lowest point being at 
 the mouth of the Nemeha river, in 
 the Southeastern part o: the State, 
 where the elevation is 880 feet. The 
 highest spot is Scott's Bluffs, in the 
 extreme west, where the land rises 
 to an elevation of 6,000 feet. The 
 eastern half of the State has an aver- 
 age elevation of 1,400 feet, and, as 
 a whole, it averages 2,312 feet 
 above the sea. 
 
 In 1866, the legislatui-e prepared 
 a constitution for a State govern- 
 ment, which a vote of the people 
 confirmed by a small majority, 
 though the opponents of the meas- 
 lu^e claimed that is was obtained 
 by fraud. The first legislatiure under 
 the State Constitution met July 4, 
 1866. The bill to admit Nebraska 
 as a State was passed over the Pres- 
 ident's veto, and proclaimed on 
 March 1, 1867. 
 
 The first capital of Nebraska was 
 
 237 
 
 at Bellevue. It was removed to 
 Omaha in 1855, where it remained 
 until Nebraska became a State, when 
 it was taken to Lancaster, a town 
 of half a dozen houses, whose name 
 was then changed to Lincoln. 
 
 The present State Constitution 
 was framed in 1875, and was rati- 
 fied in the same year by the people. 
 The first legislature under the new 
 Constitution, met in January, 1877. 
 
 RIVERS OF NEBRASKA. 
 Chief of all is the Missouri, which 
 flows in a tortuous course for 
 500 nules along its eastern boundary 
 and is navigable for 2,000 miles above 
 Omaha. Next in importance is the 
 Platte, which flows trough the whole 
 length of the State, from west to east. 
 Rismg in lakelets in the Rock)'- 
 moimtains, fed by snows, its entire 
 length approximates 1,200 miles. 
 When it' enters the State, it is 
 already a broad and rapid, though 
 shallow river, flowing oyer a sandy 
 bed. At North Platte, it forks, one 
 branch being known as the South 
 and the other as North Platte. The 
 Loup is the first large tributary. 
 It rises among the sand hills south 
 of the Niobrara in a group of small 
 lakes. It has three main branches 
 known as the South, Middle and 
 North Loups, each of which in turn 
 has many tributaries. The Middle 
 Loup, whose main dii-ection is south- 
 east, is 250 miles long. The Elkhorn, 
 which empties into the Platte a short 
 distance above the latter's junction 
 with the Missouri, is one of the mosl 
 beautiful streams of the State. It, 
 
too, has its soucre, in a region of 
 small lakes near 99" 30' W. longitude. 
 Here it has a remarkably broad 
 bottom with low bordering upland. 
 It flows over a rocky bottom in a 
 southeasterly direction about 250 
 miles. Its principal tributaries are 
 the North Fork and the Logan, the 
 latter having an extraordinary number 
 of tributaries. Near the south line 
 of the State the Republican river 
 and its numerous affluents, drain a 
 large area. It rises in the Colorado 
 plams, but flows 216 miles through 
 the State. Near the northern boun- 
 dary is the Niobrara river which 
 rises in Wyoming and flows 263 
 miles through the State before 
 uniting with the Missouri. It is the 
 most rapid and turbulent stream in 
 the State. In 102» 30' W. long., where 
 it is 80 yards wide, it enters a deep 
 ■canon, with high andoftenperpendicu- 
 lar walls, which extend for 180 miles. 
 After emerging from the canon, it 
 remains a broad, rapid and sandy 
 river to its mouth. The most 
 important of its numerous tributaries 
 are the Keya Paha and the Verdigris. 
 Many other rivers in Nebraska aie 
 remarkable for the beauty and 
 fertility of the sections which they 
 drain, the most important being the 
 Bows, the Big and Little Blue, the 
 Great and Little Nemeha and Salt 
 creek. The water power of the State 
 is enormous. Though the streams 
 meander through broad bottoms, 
 places can be found every few miles 
 where the fall is trom three to ten 
 feet to the mile. 
 
 ADAMS, Neb. 
 Station of the Union Pacific Ry 
 from Councel Bluffs and Omaha to 
 Portland 461 MUes from Ohama. 
 
 ALBION, Neb. 
 Forty-three miles northwest from 
 Columbus, on the Albion Bianch of 
 the U. P. elevation 1,747, has a 
 population of 1,200, and is located 
 on Beaver River, which furnishes 
 power for fine roller mills. The 
 surrounding country is rich in 
 agricultural products and live stock. 
 There are two banks, three news- 
 papers, waterworks, and good schools. 
 It is a supply and distributing point. 
 
 well supplied with good hotels, 
 elevators, and flouring mills. The 
 Beaver River, is a rapid stream 
 wliich never runs dry, affording an 
 abundant water supply. Occupying a 
 central position in Boone County, 
 Albion drains a well-settled country 
 for forty miles around. 
 
 ALMA, Neb. 
 
 The county seat of Harlan County, 
 with a popiilation of 1,000. Alma 
 is one of the most beautifully located 
 towns in Nebraska. Situated on the 
 Republican River in the midst of a 
 magnificent farming country, the 
 town presents all the indications of 
 being an active commercial point in 
 the near future. 
 
 Alma has a pretty opera house, 
 large flour mills, three newspapers, 
 and two banks. 
 
 BEATRICE, Neb. 
 
 A beautiful city of 10,000 people, 
 located ou the Big Blue River, 95 
 miles from Omaha. It is the county 
 seat of Gage, the banner agricultural 
 coimty of the State, and possesses 
 the most magnificent courthouse in 
 the State. Here are found all of 
 the substantial modem improvements 
 of a progressive city — paved streets, 
 electric lights, a splendid electric 
 street-car system. One of the latest 
 improvements in buildings is the 
 Government .post-office, a beautiful 
 structure of gray sandstone. The 
 Big Blue River furnishes the greatest 
 natural water power for manufactur- 
 ing industries to be found in the 
 State. Beatrice justly prides herself 
 on her public schools. At the CTeat 
 competitive examination at New 
 Orleans in 1886, open to the world, 
 Beatrice was awarded the diploma. 
 
 BIG SPRINGS, Neb. 
 
 Pop. 250; from Ogallala, 19 miles ; 
 elevation, 3,861 feet U. P. Station, 
 This station derives its name from a 
 large spring— the first found along 
 the road— which issues out of the 
 bluffs, opposite the station on the 
 right, in view from the cars. The 
 water is excellent— the best along 
 the road. 
 
 238 
 
CEDAR RAPIDS, Neb. 
 Fifty - one miles northwest of 
 Columbus, elevation 1,775 feet, has 
 800 population, and is beautifully! 
 situated on the banks of the Cedar' 
 River, >on the Albion Branch dfl 
 the U. P. One flouring mill has a 
 capacity of 150 barrels daUy, and a 
 creamery tui-ns out 700 pounds of 
 butter per day. One bank and two 
 newspapers. The educational facil- 
 ities are unusually good. 
 
 CENTRAL CITY, Neb. 
 
 Station of the U. P. and B. M. R- 
 R. R. 
 
 COLUMBUS, Neb. 
 
 A highly prosperous town of 
 4,500 inhabitants, ninety-two miles 
 from Omaha, on the main line of 
 the Union Pacific, and has an 
 elevation of 1,442 feet. The city 
 lies on the Loup River, three miles 
 west of its junction with the Platte 
 River. Waterworks and electric 
 lights are now in full operation. 
 The opera house has a seating 
 capacity of 800, and Msennerchor 
 Hall will accommodate 300; a 
 Catholic monastery, located on an 
 elevation overlooking . the city, oc- 
 cupies an acre of brick buildings, 
 and belongs to the order of St. 
 Francis. Connected with this is an 
 academy, under the direction of the 
 Franciscan Sisters, for the education 
 of girls, and in addition thereto the 
 hospital of St. Francis, open for the 
 tmfortunate of every race and religion. 
 There are two national banks in 
 Columbus, three good hotels, exten- 
 sive roller mills, elevators, and four 
 newspapers, English, German; also 
 creamery, planing mill, and the only 
 wooden shoe factory in Arnerica. 
 
 From Columbus the Union Pacific 
 sends out two branches — one to 
 Norfelk, fifty miles north, and the 
 other to Albion, forty-three miles 
 northwest. The country on both 
 these branches is accounted among 
 the richest sections in Nebraska. 
 Immense crops of corn are raised, 
 cattle and hogs 'forming the staple 
 industry. 
 
 FAIRBURY, Neb. 
 A strong, solid town of 4,000 
 
 people, having aU the luxuries and 
 comforts of a metropolitan city. 
 The town has first-class business 
 blocks and many fine residences. 
 
 FAIRFIELD, Nebr. 
 43 miles from Grand Island, a 
 town of 1,500 people, in the center 
 of a magnificent farming-region. The 
 farmers in this section are remai-kably 
 well-to-do; large shipments of grain 
 and live stock are made annually; 
 three elevators are engaged in hand- 
 ling the grain product. Fairfield has 
 a creamery of 300 pounds daily 
 capacity, and the usual quota of 
 religous and educational institutions. 
 A College of the Christian Chmxh 
 denomination is also located here. 
 
 FREMONT, Nebr. 
 Pop. 9,000; from Valley, 12 miles; 
 Omaha, 46 miles ; elevation 1,192, — 
 Is the seat of Dodge county, situated 
 in the midst of the richest and most 
 productive portion of the Platte 
 valley, which here stretches away in 
 all directions as far as the eye can 
 reach. The city is provided with all 
 the modern improvements, and is 
 the seat of much wealth. Besides 
 the Union Pacific, it is connected 
 with the northeast country by the 
 Fremont, Elkhorn & Missoeri Valley 
 Railroad. 
 
 FULLERTON, Neb. 
 A lively place of 1800 iahabitants, 
 elevation 1,628 feet. On the Albion 
 Branch of the U. P. The town is 
 situated at the confluence of the 
 Loup and Cedar rivers, thus affording 
 good water power. Two banks and 
 three newspaper are established here. 
 There are good schools, churches, 
 opera house, flour mill, etc. 
 
 GENOA Neb. 
 Twenty - one miles north 
 
 of 
 
 Columbus on the Albion Branch of 
 the U. P. elevation 1,573, and has a 
 population of 1,000. There is one 
 bank, two newspapers, flour mill, 
 and three elevators of 14,000 bushels 
 daily capacity. The Indian Industnal 
 School, sus:ained by the Government, 
 is located here, and has 300 pupils, 
 from various tribes of Indians — 
 
 239 
 
Chippewas, Omahas, Winnebagoes, 
 Sioux and Apaches. The area 
 belonging to this school covers 320 
 acres of ground, the four main 
 buildings covering 13,000 square feet. 
 The Indian boys and girls are succes- 
 sfully taught the industrial arts ; there 
 are carpenter, shoe, tailor, and 
 harness shops, laundry ,warehouse,etc. 
 
 GOTHENBURG, Nebr. 
 285 miles from Omaha, has an 
 elevation of 2,557 feet, and 800 popu- 
 lation. This rising young town is 
 supported by a magnificent grain 
 and stock raising country and is 
 destined to become an important 
 center in the Platte Valley. The 
 town has two elevators, two flour 
 mills, and heavy shipments of grain 
 and stock are made at this point. 
 The Gothenburg Water Power & 
 Investment Company has constructed 
 a canal from the Platte River, ten 
 miles in length, which furnishes a 
 grand water power for every sort of 
 manufacturing, and this power is 
 being rapidly utilized. The town 
 has two banks, good hotels, two 
 energetic newspapers, and prosperous 
 schools. 
 
 GRAND ISLAND, Nebr. 
 
 Pop. 16,000; from Omaha, 153 
 miles; elevation 1860 ieet. — Is 
 the seat of Hall county, and the 
 largest and most important business 
 place and railroad junction on the 
 main line of the Union Pacific Rail- 
 way west of Omaha. 
 
 This station was named for an 
 island in the Platte — two miles di- 
 stant — one of the largest in the 
 river, bemg about 30 miles in length 
 by four in width. 
 
 The value of the manufactured 
 output in this city exceeds $ 4,000,000 
 annually, and over 3,500 men, are 
 employed. An immense beet sugar 
 manufactory has been established, 
 costing $ 500,000, and employing a 
 large number of men, the capacity 
 of the factory being 350 tons 
 of beets daily; produces annually 
 5,000,000 pounds of granulated sugar. 
 The Grand Island Canning Factory, 
 annual capacity about 1,000,000 cans 
 of corn, and the creamery produces 
 250,000 pounds of butter. Here aie 
 
 also located the extensive yards of 
 the Union Stock Yards Company, 
 with a daily capacity of over 100 car 
 loads of stock. There are two bSnks 
 in Grand Island, with an aggregate 
 capital of over $500,000; two daily 
 and five weekly newspapers, a fine 
 opera house with seating capacity 
 of 1,200, two fine hotels, the agoxe- 
 gate cost of which was $ 145,000, 
 extensive flouring mills, creamery, 
 breweries, broom factory, gas works, 
 brick and marble works, foundry and 
 wiie-fence factory, all in a flourishing 
 condition. The educational fa^cilities 
 are unusually fine. The Nebraska Sol- 
 diers' and Sailors' Home is located 
 here. 
 
 HASTINGS, Neb. 
 Twenty-five miles from Grand 
 Island. Dating only from 1872, the 
 town to-day numbers 9,000 innabi- 
 tants, and presents the aspect of a 
 small metropolis. This "City of 
 Plains" certainly looks metropolitan 
 with its extensive gas works, telephone 
 system, fire department, hotels, banks, 
 and manufactories. 
 
 I'CEARNEY, Neb. 
 Kearney is 199 miles west from 
 Omaha, and has a population of 5,000. 
 The surrounding country is fine 
 farming land. The State Reform 
 School is located here, the buildings 
 costing upward of $ 100,000. The 
 city is beautifully situated on a broad, 
 level plateau 2,146 feet above the 
 level of the sea, insuring a bright, 
 clear atmosphere, and is located 
 immediately south of the ridge separ- 
 ating the valleys of the Platte and 
 Wood rivers, which affords the natm-al 
 opportunity for the establishment of 
 three artificiallakes,giving an immense 
 water power, the capacity of which 
 is scarcely disturbed by the various 
 manufacturing plants now operated 
 by it. In order to secure this immense 
 power it was necessary to tap the 
 Platte River at a proper grade and 
 conduct the supply to the elevation 
 between the Platte and Wood rivers, 
 which is situated immediately north 
 of the city. This was done, and at 
 Elm Creek, sixteen miles west, the 
 water was obtained and led along 
 the natural elevation which divides 
 
 240 
 
the valleys, and the water stored in 
 ihe three lakes, from cither of which 
 it can be turned over falls sixty feet 
 into the river again. The streets arc 
 brofid, crossing each other at right 
 angles, everywhere Imed with shade 
 trees, which do not, however, inter- 
 fere with a comprehensive view of 
 the many superb business blocks, 
 handsome school, church, and other 
 public buildings, while the residence 
 streets ale lined with elegant and 
 costly homes, beautified by fme shade 
 trees, shrubs, and flowers. Farther 
 away in the subm^bs are seen the 
 tall chinmeys of extensive manufac- 
 turing plants, which show the beginn- 
 ing of the usual possibilities of the 
 city. Its raih'oad facilities are excellent, 
 having- the great railway system of 
 the West, the Union Pacific placing 
 it in direct communication with all 
 the principal cities east and west, 
 and the Kearney & Black Hills 
 Railway to the northwest. Its water- 
 works are fii-st class. Extensive and 
 excellent electric-light plant, fifteen 
 miles of electric street railway, well 
 equipped and making communication 
 with the various parts of the city 
 rapid and convenient; a magTiificent 
 courthouse, very fine in architectirral 
 style and possessing all modern con- 
 veniences. A beautiful, city hall. A 
 fine opera house, the latest addition 
 being a magnificent stone block, five- 
 stories, with a seating capacity of 
 1,200. Kearney has a large number of 
 manufacturing enterprises; a cotton 
 mill with nearly 90,000 square feet 
 of floor room, arranged for 15,000 
 spindles, employing at its full capac- 
 ity 150 men, and capable of pro- 
 ducing annually 3,500,000 yards of 
 muslia; a canning factory with a 
 capacity of 1,500,000 cans annually. 
 In addition to this there are plow 
 factories, foundry and machine works, 
 cornice works, cooperage factory, 
 oatmeal mills, paper mills, a hiuge 
 factory, and many other industries 
 of equal importance. There are 
 about a dozen substantial banks in 
 the city, nine hotels, the best of 
 school facilities, sixteen churches, two 
 daily and six weekly papers. 
 
 KIMBALL, Neb. 
 Pop. 500; from Sidney, 47 miles; 
 
 241 
 
 from Cheyenne, 65 miles; elevation, 
 4,697 feet. This station of the U. P. 
 was formerly called "Antelope". Its 
 present name is for the present 
 general manager of the road. 
 
 Many of the settlers in this vicinity 
 ai-e engaged in agxicultural pmsui ts and 
 some, it is said, have been successful; 
 but stock-raising is the chief reliance 
 of the settlers m this tection of the 
 country, as it is admitted to be the 
 best grassed stock range in the 
 western country. 
 
 Connections. Mail hack leaves this 
 station three times a week: north, 15 
 miles to Lorain; eight miles to 
 Centrapolis ; sis: miles \.Q' Ash/or d, 
 and 15 mUes to Gering. 
 
 LEXINGTON, Neb. 
 Is 234 miles west of Omaha, 
 elevation 2,885 feet, and has a 
 population of 1,500. A splendid 
 farming country is tributary to the 
 city, many thousand acres of which 
 are under one of the best irrigation 
 canals in the United States. Lex- 
 ington has an electric light plant, 
 a stand-pipe water works system, a 
 briek opera house seating 1,500 
 people, two large brick school 
 buildings and one smaller building, 
 six chm-ches, flom- mills, elevators, 
 banks, hotels, and two newspapers. 
 The business blocks are particularly 
 substantial and elegant for so young 
 a town. 
 
 LINCOLN, Neb. 
 The Capital of Nebraska. Should 
 the homeseeker desire to see one 
 of the loveliest valleys in the cuture 
 West, and also the capital city of 
 Nebraska, let him board the train at 
 Omaha that runs to Kansas City via 
 Valley and Manhattan (or change 
 from the main line at Valley to this 
 train), and fifty seven miles south 
 he will arrive at Lincoln. It has 
 been asserted, these many years, 
 that a capital never rises above the 
 function of being a home for politics 
 and the seat of Government. Lincoln 
 is a shining exception in this regard, 
 for it is as_ bright, energetic, and 
 active a business center as any city 
 of its size in the West. Manufactures 
 floiu-ish, and a phenomenal wholesale 
 trade has been developed, so that 
 
Lincoln is a city of commercial 
 activity in the very best sense of the 
 term, and by no means given over 
 to the science of legislation, to the 
 exclusion of home industries. Alread)'' 
 seventy-two miles of street railway 
 lines are in operation, and over 
 thirty miles of paved streets, and 
 brick, stone, and ii'on blocks give 
 her an air of permanence. All the 
 executive departments of the State 
 are located here, as well as the State 
 hospital for the insane. State penit- 
 entiary, and University. The popula- 
 tion of Lincoln is fully 60,000, and 
 steadily increasing. The town is 
 handsomely laid out. The streets 
 are broad and well shaded, and very 
 many elegant residences invite the 
 inspection of the visitor. 
 
 Lincoln is an educational center, 
 and in the past few years has secured 
 the location of several institutions 
 of learning — one, the Nebraska 
 Wesleyan, costing $ 75,000; another, 
 the Cotner Christian University, 
 costing $ 60,000. A third, the Union 
 College of the Seventh-Day Advent- 
 ists, has three large College build- 
 ings, costing $ 130,000. A fomth, 
 the Lincoln Normal University, has 
 invested in its plant $ 125,000. 
 The Worthington Military Academy 
 (Episcopal) cost $60,000, and the 
 State University of Nebraska is 
 located at Lincoln, with over a half 
 million of dollars investment and 
 1,500 students. Altogether the col- 
 leges and universitfes of Lincoln 
 have an annual attendance of upward 
 of 3,000 students. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 A. Ziemer, Lincoln Neb. 
 
 LOUP CITY, Nebr. 
 Sixty-one miles from Grand Island, 
 elpvation 2,067 feet, a town of 1,000 
 inhabitants. This is another distrib- 
 uting point for a fine agricultural 
 district. A canal from the Middle 
 Loup River fuinishcs splendid water 
 power, and irrigates ail the cast side 
 
 of the valley for twenty miles from 
 the bluffs to the river. Tlie valuation 
 of Sherman County is placed at 
 $ 1,200,000, and there are sixty-three 
 school districts in the county. The 
 town has good hotels, two banks, two 
 newspapers, elevators, and a first- 
 class creamery, also a fine brick yard 
 that burns 200,000 brick. 
 
 MADISON, Neb. 
 The county seat of Madison Couijty, 
 elevation 1,574, is thirty-five miles 
 north of Columbus on the Norfolk 
 Branch of the U. P. and has 1,600 
 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a 
 beautiful country, the la\id being 
 extremely rich and well cultivated. 
 Fruit is extensively raised, and heavy 
 shipments made of cattle, hogs, and 
 grain. There is an excellent roller 
 mill, a creamery of 1,500 pounds 
 daUy capacity, system city water- 
 works, six churcnes, electric lights 
 and opera house, three newspapers, 
 three banks, and the best grade of 
 schools. The North Nebraska Normal 
 College is also located here. 
 
 NEBRASKA CITY, Neb. 
 The center of Ohoe County, 7,000 
 inhabitants. Station of the Missouri 
 Pacific and Burlington, Missouri 
 River R. R. The State Institute for 
 the Blind is here. 
 
 NORFOLK, Neb. 
 Is fifty miles north of Columbus, 
 elevation 1,514, a bright, energetic 
 city of 5,000 inhabitants, on the 
 Norfolk Branch of the U. P. The 
 town is located at the confluence 
 of two forks of the Elkhorn River, 
 thus giving to the city a water power 
 amply sufficient for all manufacturing 
 purposes. The principal streets are 
 lined with handsome business blocks^ 
 and many elegant residences are 
 seen in the suburbs. Norfolk has 
 several miles of street railway, a 
 good system of waterworks, two 
 steam bottling works, foundry and 
 machine shops, flouring mills, the 
 largest beet sugar plant m the world, 
 brick and tile works, a lai^e creamery, 
 and other industries. There is an 
 opera house, two banks, and four 
 newspapers. The State insane asylum 
 erected at a cost of $ 2.000,000, is 
 
 242 
 
ibcated here. Educational advantages 
 here ai-e fine, equal to the best in 
 any State, one normal school, one 
 high school, four graded schools. 
 The splendid country tributary to 
 Norfolk is the strong point in favor 
 of the future of mis prosperous 
 yoimg city. 
 
 NORTH PLATTE, Nebr. 
 
 Pop. 4,000; from Omaha, 291 
 miles; elevation, 2,796 feet. — Is 
 the seat of Lincoln county, and 
 the headquarters of the largest live 
 stock interests in the state — horses, 
 cattle and sheep. 
 
 Some of the "cattle barons" here 
 count their herds to 20,000 and 
 more, while scores can "round up" 
 from 3,000 to 5,000 head. In this 
 country, a man that_ only owns a 
 "little bunch" of 500 or 1,000 head, 
 is counted a "poor shoat", one to 
 be pitied. 
 
 The railroad company has a 
 large hotel here, where all the reg- 
 ular passenger, trains stop 30 min- 
 utes for meals. Machine and repair 
 shops are also located here. 
 
 O'FALLONS, Neb. 
 
 17 miles from North Platte city 
 U. P. Station is a lone station in the 
 sand hills, of little interest to the 
 traveler, but opposite, on the south 
 side of the river is a point quite 
 noted in early days. 
 
 O'Fallons Bluffs. Is a series of 
 sand hills interspersed with ravines 
 and gulches, which come close to the 
 river's bank, forming abrupt blufis 
 which, in the early days referred to, 
 turned the emigrants back from the 
 river, forcing them to cross these 
 sand hiUs, a distance of four miles, 
 through loose yielding sand, devoid 
 of vegetation. Here, as well as at 
 all points where the bluffs come near 
 the river, the emigrants used to suffer 
 severely at times from the attacks of 
 the Indians and white outlaws. 
 
 Opposite the "bluffs" is a lovely 
 island in the river, that was — until 
 the railroad arrived-^a noted camping 
 ground for the Arapahoe and Sioux 
 Indians; it is now a fine ranch or 
 hay meadow. 
 
 OGALLALLA, Neb. 
 
 291 miles from Omaha Pop. 800' 
 elevation, 3,207 feet U. P. R. R. Is 
 the seat of Kieth coimty. The 
 citizens are veiy generally engaged 
 in raising cattle; few attempt any 
 agricultm-al pursuits further than a 
 little "garden sass." 
 
 OMAHA, Neb. 
 
 Omah^ is the metropolis of Ne- 
 braska. It is reached from Chicago 
 by several railroads in 15-16 hom-s, 
 490 miles distant. Fare $12,50, sleeper 
 $2,50. The Union Pacific has reaUy 
 its eastern terminus here. The city 
 has a population of some 140,000, 
 It is one of the most progressive 
 cities in the West, having more than 
 doubled its population and business 
 within the last five years. 
 
 It is the seat of Douglas county, 
 situated on the western bank of the 
 Missouri river, on a gradual slope 
 about 50 feet above higii-water mark, 
 with an elevation of 1,032 feet above 
 sea level. The first settlement was 
 made in 1854, and named for the 
 Omaha Indians who then possessed 
 the country. Onaaha, from a mud- 
 hole in 1880, has become the best 
 paved city in the west. It has aU the 
 substantial and modern improvements 
 of the times, and abounds in business 
 palaces of brick, stone and iron, 
 with smelting furnaces, grain el- 
 evators, packing houses, distilleries, 
 immense stock and lumber yards, 
 machine shops and foundries, as well 
 as scores of manufactures of all kinds. 
 Besides the Union Pacific bridge, 
 another spans the Missom^i, with 
 carriage and foot ways and electric 
 motor cars between the city and 
 Council Bluffs. 
 
 The city of Omaha is provided 
 with ample banking capital, scores of 
 hotels, chief of which are the Millard, 
 Paxton and Murray, and four ^daily 
 and a number of weekly newspapers. 
 The Board of Trade — with a large 
 membership of active workers, has 
 been an important factor in promoting 
 and stimulating the general prosperity 
 of the city. 
 
 The headquarters of the Depart- 
 ment of the Platte, is located at 
 Omaha. 
 
 243 
 
There are nearly 200 numufaclur- 
 ing establishments in the city. It 
 has the largest smelting works in 
 the world It is a promment poik- 
 packing center. Its waterworks were 
 built at a cost of $7,000,000. — 
 The electric car system extends all 
 over city and surroundings. Omaha 
 has one of the largest distilleries 
 and three large breweries and large 
 white lead works. There are over 100 
 churches and more than 40 public 
 school buildings. Prominent among 
 these, is the Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
 lum; the object of the school is to 
 educate children of the State who 
 are too deaf to be instructed in the 
 common schools. Among the priv- 
 ate schools Brownell Hall, Creigh- 
 ton College may be mentioned. 
 Prominent edifices are: the Post 
 Office; High School with fine view 
 from the tower; the County Court 
 House; Exposition Building; City 
 Hall. Omaha has a valuable private 
 Picture- Gallery belonging to Mr. 
 G. W. Lininger, corner 18th and 
 Davenport .Stieets, opon every Thurs- 
 day and Saturday. 
 
 The various large manufacturing 
 establishments, elevators, packing 
 houses, stock yards etc. are con- 
 nected by the Belt Railroad with 
 the different freight depots of the 
 railroads centering in the city. 
 
 About one mile north from the 
 Omaha Depot the Union Pacific 
 Railway has erected its principal 
 machine shops, store houses etc. 
 covering about 30 acres of ground 
 (worth visiting). 
 
 Fort Omaha is located three miles 
 north of the city. There is an ex- 
 cellent carriage road to the Fort, 
 which is a popular drive. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 E. D. Branch, 1502 Farnam St., 
 Omaha Neb. 
 
 A. C. Dttnn, City Pass & Tkt. 
 Agt., U. P. Sytem, Omaha Neb. 
 
 E. E. Jones, Care Union Depot, 
 Omaha Neb. 
 
 H. E. Moses, Famham & 15 th St., 
 Omaha Neb. 
 
 ORD, Nebr. 
 Sixty -one miles north of Grand 
 Island, 2,047 feet elevation, is 
 very pleasantly situated on a high 
 plateau overlooking the North Loup 
 River Valley. The town has 1,500 
 inhabitants. There are two banks, 
 three newspapers, fine schoolhouses, 
 waterworks, broom factory, soda- 
 water factory, roller mills, and ele- 
 vators. This North Loup Valley is 
 one of the finest agricultural sections 
 of Nebraska, and Ord, situated in the 
 midst of an extensive graingrowing 
 region, unsurpassed in fertility, is the 
 chief market. 
 
 PAPILLION, Nebr. 
 
 A small station of the U. P. on 
 
 the river of that name in the midst 
 
 of a thrifty farming commimity, 
 
 15 miles from Omaha, Population 700. 
 
 PLATTE CENTRE, Neb. 
 A town of 400 inhabitants on the 
 Norfolk Branch of the U. P. elevation 
 1,536 feet, fifteen miles from 
 Columbus. There are one bank, one 
 newspaper, one cream separator, etc. 
 The order of St. Francis has a 
 convent here. Grain and stock are 
 the principal shipments. 
 
 PLATTSMOUTH, Neb. 
 Town of 6,000 inhabitants, station 
 of the Buiiington, Missouri River 
 R R. 
 
 SCHUYLER, Nebr. 
 Population 3,000; 76 miles from 
 Omaha, situated a short distance 
 north of the Platte River. — Is the 
 seat of Colfax Coutity. Does a large 
 business in wheat shipments, and is 
 a growing and enterprising towTi, 
 reached by the Burlington & Mis- 
 souri River Railroad. A large pro- 
 portion of the population is Bohe- 
 mian. 
 
 24J 
 
UNION PACIFIC. 
 
 THE OYERLAND ROUTE. 
 
 Only Dining ^JfiVjII/jH Missouri River 
 
 to Pacific Coast. 
 
 FASTEST TRAIN IN THE WEST. 
 
 "THE OVERLAND LIMITED." 
 
 55 
 
 CHICAGO TO THE PACIFIC COAST DAILY. 
 3 days from Chicago. 
 
 in , 
 
 272 days from Missouri River. 
 
 Fullman Palace, Double Drawing Boom Sleepers, Free 
 
 Reclining Chair Cars, Buffet Smoking and Library Cars, 
 
 Fintsch Light. 
 
 For time tables, folders, illustrated books, pamphlets descriptive 
 of the territory traversed, or any information, apply to YOUR 
 LOCAL AGENT, who can sell you a ticket via the UJ^ION 
 PACIFIC, or address 
 
 E. L. Lomax 
 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agent 
 OMAHA, NEBRASKA. 
 
 iJ45 
 
SCOTIA, Neb. 
 Forty-five miles north from Grand 
 Island, elevation 1,905 feet, popu- 
 lation 500. Scotia is beautifully 
 situated in the North Loup Valley, 
 in the center of a fine farming region. 
 There is abundance of high-grade 
 limestone in the vicinty suitable for 
 building purposes. The town has 
 two good flour .mills, excellent schools, 
 and a newspaper. 
 
 SIDNEy, Neb. 
 
 Pop. 1,500; 414 miles from Omaha, 
 from Cheyenne, 102 miles; elevation 
 4,090 feetj.-^Is the seat of Cheyenne 
 county, one of the extreme western 
 counties of Nebraska. It contains 
 severed good brick business blocks 
 and stores, and shops of all kinds. 
 The chief support of the place is 
 derived from stock-raising; yet there 
 are quite a number of settlers jn the 
 vicinity engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
 Fort Sidney. In 1870 the govern- 
 ment etablished a military post at this 
 place, and erected extensive barracks 
 and warehouses. 
 
 ST. PAUL, Neb. 
 
 Twenty-two miles north of Grand 
 
 Island, elevation 1,796 feet, with 
 
 2,0J0 population. Here, as in most 
 
 of the interior towns of Nebraska, 
 
 the chief industries are gram and 
 live stock. St. Paul is admirably 
 equipped for so young a town. There 
 are three banks, three newspapers, 
 two roller mills, creamery, water- 
 works, wholesale grocery house, 
 opera house, and excellently graded 
 schools. 
 
 STROMSBURG, Neb. 
 A Scandinavian settlement of 1,500 
 inhabitants. The site of a Swedish 
 Lutheran College. 
 
 VALLEY, Nebr. 
 A junction station of the U. P. 
 and Republican Valley Branch, six 
 miles west of Elkhorn, and 35 miles 
 from Omaha, situated on the Platte 
 River bottom, surrounded by farms, 
 where the principal products are 
 corn and hay. Population 600; ele- 
 vation 1137 feet. 
 
 WAHOO, Neb. 
 Town of 2,500 inhabitants, leirgely 
 settled by Bohemians and Swedes. 
 
 YORK, Neb. 
 A live, progressive city of 5,000 
 inhabitants. The shipments of grain 
 and live stock from this place are 
 among the largest in Nebraska. Five 
 elevators are employed in handling 
 grata. 
 
 240 
 
NEVADA. 
 
 Nevada is a part of the vast domain 
 which was gaiaed from Mexico in 
 1848, by the treaty of Guadalupe 
 Hidalgo. Prior to 1861 Utah Ter- 
 ritory extended to the California line, 
 as did the ambitious Mormon "State 
 of Desert", organized in 1849, whose 
 emblem was the uidustrious honey- 
 bee, and the purpose of whose 
 foimders was to combine their ideas 
 of the Kingdom of God with the 
 development of the Mormon com- 
 munity, and to secure to every 
 Saint the unrestricted pursuit of 
 unbounded domestic happiness. In 
 1851 the Utah Legislature organized 
 several counties along the eastern 
 slope of the Sierras and on the Rio 
 Colorado, and until 1856-7 there 
 were thi-iviag Mormon settlements 
 in Caisson, Eagle and Washoe Valleys. 
 
 In 1858 the black lumps which 
 bothered the few goldwashers in 
 Gold Hill Gulch and the cafion at 
 the base of Mount Davidson, were 
 assayed by two miners named 
 Grosch, who possessed some know- 
 ledge of metallurgy, and pronounced 
 to be rich in sulphurets of silver. 
 The following year the rush to 
 Washoe fairly commenced. Early in 
 1861 Congress organized the Ter- 
 ritory of Nevada, out of Utah, west 
 of 150 0. 
 
 By 1861 quartz mills were erected 
 and machinery transported across 
 the mountains, and the white metal 
 commenced to pour in vast and in- 
 creasing volume into the channels 
 of the world's commerce, sustaining 
 
 Nevada derives her name from her 
 magnificent Western frontiers, from 
 their resemblance to the serrated 
 chain of Spanish Granada, these 
 mountains are called the Sierra 
 Nevada, or "Mountains Snowy", al- 
 though ;the snow-fall, except on the 
 high ranges, is not great, and ther- 
 mometrical reports show that Nevada 
 possesses about the same winter 
 climate as Baltimore, and a summer 
 climate analogous to that of Nova 
 Scotia. The popular name of Ne- 
 vada is the Silver State, from its 
 chief products. 
 
 The Latitude of this State is from 
 35" to 42" N-, its Longitude from 
 114" to 120 W. 
 
 The population was in 
 
 1860 
 1880 
 1890 
 
 6,857 
 62,266 
 45,761 
 
 CARSON CITY, Nev. 
 
 The capital" of Nevada, a thriv- 
 ing town of 3,950 inhabitants, con- 
 taining the capitol, the U, S. Mint, a 
 Com-t-House, 4 churches, the best 
 school-house in the State, and many 
 handsome residences. From Carson 
 daily stages run 15 miles (fare 
 $ 2,00) to Lake Tahoe, as far as 
 Glenbrook, whence a steamer runs 
 to Tahoe city. Numerous summer 
 resorts are located on the lake, 
 which is cut by the California boun- 
 dary line. It is about_22 miles long 
 and 10 miles wide, is 6,247 feet 
 
 the credit of the Nation in the hour above the sea. 
 
 of its peril. I Railroad: Virginia & Truckee. 
 
 247 12 
 
PYRAMID LAKE, Nev. 
 
 Lies on the slope of the Sierra 
 Nevada Mountains, 700 feet yet 
 above the Great Salt Lake. It is 
 enclosed every where by giant rocky 
 precipices, which rise vertically to 
 the snblime height of 3,000 feet. 
 From the bosom of the translucent 
 waters of this wonderful lake, there 
 springs a strange pyramidal rock 
 600 feet in air. 
 
 Near this lake occuiTed the disas- 
 trous battle of May, 1860, wdiere an 
 attacking force of 105 Nevada volun- 
 teers was defeated, with a loss of 
 
 half then.- number, by the Teh Ute 
 Indians. 
 
 VIRGINIA CITY, Nev. 
 
 22 mis. beyond Carson, 6,339 feet 
 above the sea, is the largest city in 
 Nevada, having 8,511 mh. It is 
 built half-way up Mount Davidson, 
 completely environed by mountains, 
 containing famous gold and 
 silver mines. About one fifth of the 
 population of the city are usualty 
 under ground for minmg-work. 
 
 Railroad: Virginia & Truckee. 
 
 2'18 
 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 The first settlements in New 
 Hampshire were made by the English 
 in 1623. It is one of the Thirteen 
 Original States and adopted and 
 ratified the Constitution in 1788. 
 The area of the State is 9,305 square 
 miles, famed for the beauty of its 
 mountain and lake scenery. It has 
 a total population of 376,530. The 
 priacipal agricultural products are 
 hay and com. 
 
 BETHLEHEM 
 (White Mountains), N. H. 
 
 The fame of the White Moimtains 
 as a picturesque and healthful summer 
 resort is world wide. Their great 
 height and the consequently exten- 
 ded view to be obtained, arepromuient 
 among the reasons for this great 
 popularity. Among the many attrac- 
 tive places located ia the midst of 
 these mountains, andimdoubtedly, one 
 of the most popular, is Bethlehem, 
 which enjoys the proud distinction 
 of being the highest village east of 
 the Rockies. It is fourteen hundred 
 and fifty feet above the sea level, 
 and two hundred and sixty-three feet 
 above the adjacent Ammonoosuc 
 Valley, the highest in New England. 
 This superior altitude and the town's 
 exposure to the North render it very 
 cool during the summer, even when 
 other mountain resorts are visited 
 by heat. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsylvania 
 R. R. 
 
 CONCORD, N. H. 
 The Capital of New Hampshire has 
 17,000 inhabitants. It has a fine 
 
 location on the Merrimac. The 
 principal edifices are the State Capitol, 
 the City Hall and the Insane-Asylum. 
 Railroads : Boston & Lowell Rail- 
 road. 
 
 DOVER, N. H. 
 A manufacturing town of 12,800 
 inhabitants and a raUroad-junction 
 on the Boston & Maine R. R. for 
 Alton Bay and Portsmouth. Cotton 
 and woolen goods ai-e the principal 
 products. 
 
 GLEN STATION 
 (White Monutains), N. H. 
 
 Glen Station is six miles from 
 Bai-tlett, the same distance from North 
 Conway, and is the point of departure 
 for the summer populated villag^e of 
 Jackson, three miles away. There 
 IS excellent trout fishing ia the 
 vicinity. 
 
 Glen Ellis is probably the finest 
 waterfall in the White Mountains. 
 
 JACKSON (Glen Station), N. H. 
 
 Jackson is situated about three 
 miles from Glen Station, on the 
 White Mountain Division of the 
 Maine Central R. R. It is a pretty 
 and attractive town, and shares with 
 the other points of that region in 
 the beauty and grandeur of the famous 
 White Mountain scenery. 
 
 It is conceded by many to be the 
 most delightful summer village ia 
 the White Mountain region. 
 
 JEFFERSON, N. H. 
 Jefferson, the earliest settlement in 
 the White Mountains, is situated 
 
 24» 
 
 12* 
 
fifteen miles north of the Notch. 
 Not only are the principal elevations 
 in the White Mountain group visible, 
 but also the Green Mountains (in 
 Vermont), the Franconia Mountains, 
 and White Mountain, in the Notch. 
 With a powerful telescope, trains 
 and persons upon Moimt Washington 
 are discernible. ' 
 
 To be reached from Boston by the 
 Boston & Maine R. R. and Maine 
 Central R. R. 
 
 MANCHESTER, N. H. 
 The largest city in New Hampshire 
 and has 44,000 inhabitants. Man- 
 chester is famous for its cotton 
 industry and printing establishment. 
 Manchester is junction point for 
 several railroads to Portsmouth, 
 Lawrence etc. It is reached from 
 Boston by the Boston & Lowell R. R. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Wm. Weber, 187-189 Second St., 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 MOUNT WASHINGTON 
 (White Mountains), N. H. 
 
 The prospect from the siimmit of 
 this famous mountain is inexpressibly 
 grand, extending in clear weather 
 to the Connecticut River and Green 
 Mountains, and Lake Sebago and 
 the moimtains of Maine, the ocean 
 beyond and the shining waters of 
 Winnepesaukee to the south. Across 
 the Great Gulf are seen the massive 
 peaks of Jefferson, Adams, and Madi- 
 son, and to the southwest Monroe, 
 Franklin, Clinton, Jackson, and 
 Webster. The surrounding country, 
 within a circumference of one 
 thousand miles, and embracing por- 
 tions of five States and Canada, with 
 their mountains, valleys, streams, 
 lakes, and cities, is spread out like 
 one vast panorama. 
 
 Mount Washington is sixty- two 
 hundred and ninety-three feet above 
 
 sea level, and is the highest elevation 
 east of the Rocky Mountains and 
 north of the Carolinas. 
 
 NASHUA, N. H. 
 The friendly town of Nashua, where 
 the Merrimac and Nashua rivers meet 
 40 miles from Boston. It has 19,500 
 inhabitants and large manufactories 
 of iron, cotton, cai-pets etc. To be 
 reached by the Boston & Lowell 
 R. R. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH, N. H. 
 
 The old, quiet town of Portsmouth 
 is situated on an island, three miles 
 from the sea in the Piscataqua River. 
 It is the only sea port in New 
 Hampshue and has nearly 10,000 
 inhabitants. The Athenaeum contains 
 a library and a museum. The Kittery 
 U. S. Navy Yard is situated on 
 Fernald's Island in the river, the 
 famous man-of-war Keai^sarge was 
 built here. 
 
 Portsmouth is'57 miles from Boston 
 on the Boston & Maine Railroad. 
 
 ROCHESTER, N. H. 
 A manufacturing town of 6000 in- 
 habitants on the Boston & Maine 
 R. R., 79 miles from Boston, and 
 junction point for the raiboads to 
 Portland and Alton Bay. 
 
 RYE BEACH, N. H. 
 For many years Rye Beach has 
 been the leading resort of New 
 Hampshire, as well as one of the 
 most fashionable summer points in 
 New England. The bathing is ex- 
 cellent, and may be indulged in with- 
 out any fear |of undertow. Seven 
 miles distant is the quaint old town 
 of Portsmouth, to which a pleasant 
 excursion may be made. From 
 Straw's Point there is a grand view, 
 including in its compass the isle of 
 Shoals and a wide stretch of coast. 
 To be reached by the Boston & 
 Maine R. R. 
 
 250 
 
NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Henry Hudson, a Dutchman, was 
 the first European who landed 
 in New Jersey (1609). The first 
 settlement was made in 1627 at 
 Bergen. In 1820 slavery was abol- 
 ished in the State. Durmg the civil 
 war New Jersey sent 88,000 men 
 into the National army. New Jersey 
 is sometimes called the Garden 
 State on account of the large variety 
 of its agricultural products. 
 
 New Jersey comprises 7,815 square 
 miles. It is situated between 38" 
 55' 51" to 41" 21' 10" N. Latitude 
 and 730 58' 51" to 75« 33' 51" W. 
 Longitude and had in 1890 a 
 population of 1,444,933. 
 
 ASBURY PARK, N. J. 
 Asbury Park is one of the most 
 fashionable seaside jresorts along the 
 New Jersey coast, and its broad and 
 handsome avenues, its shaded streets, 
 and its fresh- water lakes make it 
 one of the most beautifvd in the 
 country. The magnificent drive call- 
 ed Ocean Avenue, extends from the 
 northern to the southern boundary, 
 and between this drive and the 
 ocean is a splendid boardwalk 
 extending the entire length of the 
 towm about two miles on which 
 promenade many of America's 
 proudest beUes. Three fresh-water 
 lakes afford excellent opportunities 
 for boating and fishing. Deal Lake 
 is a large sheet of water, of good 
 depth, and very romantic. Among 
 the attractions in the vicinity, 
 which may be reached by di-iving, 
 are New Jersey National Guard Camp 
 Ground at Sea Girt, used for several 
 
 weeks every year; Spring Lake, 
 Avon, the home of the Seaside 
 Assembly, and Summer School of 
 Philosophy ; the pretty towns of 
 Belmar, Intei-laken (Loch Arbor); 
 Elberon, made historic by Garfield's 
 death : Long Branch, Seabright, the 
 famous Highlands of Navesink, 
 Atlantic Highlands, and Monmouth 
 Park. 
 
 The Ocean Bathing at Asbury 
 Park is remarkably fine, and the 
 beach has a reputation of being 
 among the best in the State. For 
 those who cannot bear surf, large 
 pools of salt water are connected 
 with the bathing establishments : and 
 there are also hot and cold sea- 
 water baths at the beach and in 
 many of the hotels. 
 
 Irrimediately south of Asbury Park 
 and adjoining it, separated only by 
 Wesley Lake, is Ocean Grove, made 
 famous for its great campmeetings 
 held during the month of August, 
 Bridges cross the lake, connecting 
 the two cities, and the meetings are 
 an attraction for many Asbury Park 
 visitors. At Asbury Park all the 
 regular facilities of a . city are at 
 hand, such as electric are and 
 incandescent lights, two banks, daily 
 newspapers, churches of almost every 
 denomination, and a perfectly-equip- 
 ped electric street railway. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. 
 
 Asbury Park has splendid hotel 
 accomodations. One of the best 
 Hotels is the „Hotel Brunswick", 
 highly recommendable for prompt 
 service, pleasant rooms and excellent 
 cuisine. 
 
 251 
 
ASBURY PARK. N.J. 
 
 •fN ':HHVd Aanasv 
 
 252 
 
atla:ntic city, n. j. 
 
 Atlantic City is an all-the-year- 
 aroimd resort. Its magnificent steel 
 boardwalk, the finest in the world, and 
 its superior beach are attractive at 
 all seasons. The great Gulf Stream 
 which sweeps along the coast, car- 
 rying with it the warmth of the 
 tropics, tempers the climate in 
 winter, and when snow and ice have 
 claimed the inland cities, this great- 
 est of all seaside resorts rejoices 
 in an air soft and mild. 
 
 Early spring is one of Atlantic 
 City's most charming seasons. The 
 genial temperature, the buoyant 
 saline atmosphere, the never ceasing, 
 ever surging sea are exhilarating to 
 the invalid, and constant sources of 
 pleasure to all. 
 
 Every year witnesses an increase 
 in the winter and early spring travel 
 to this most popular" resort. The 
 opening of the new Delaware Bridge 
 forms the last link that makes 
 Atlantic City neighbor to all parts 
 of the country. By this new 
 arrangement, the territory, from which 
 a daylight trip to Atlantic City may 
 be made, has been extended hundreds 
 of miles, and the annoying transfer 
 between stations in Philadelphia has 
 been eliminated. 
 
 In addition to its natural advan- 
 tages, Atlantic City is a well-planned 
 and cai-efully-built city of some 
 twenty thousand permanent inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 The famous steel boardwalk which 
 bounds the ocean front is a great 
 feature of the city's life. Another 
 is. the electric railway, which extends 
 to. Longport, seven miles to the 
 south. The two extremities of the 
 island are united by this road, which 
 is an unfailing source of pleasure to 
 visitors. 
 
 Railroads, are the Pennsylvania 
 R. R. and the West Jersey & 
 Seashore R. R. 
 
 AVALON, N. J. 
 Avalon is probably the most pic- 
 tm-esque place on the southern New 
 Jersey coast. Where once stood a 
 few isolated houses now stands a 
 beautiful city with lai-ge and com- 
 fortable hotels. 
 
 Avalon is surrounded on two sides 
 by salt water. It is connected with 
 Ludlam's Beach by a substantial 
 bridge over the waters of one of the 
 most celebrated fishing banks on the 
 coast, Townsend's Inlet. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. 
 
 BARNEGAT CITY, N. J. 
 
 Barnegat City is located on the 
 northern end of Long Beach, where 
 the waters of Barnegat Inlet establish 
 a connection between the bay and 
 the ocean. Situated in the very 
 heart of the realm of fishingdom, it 
 is well known and» its merits are 
 justly appreciated by all anglers. 
 
 There is a fine beach at Barnegat, 
 and its almost insular character 
 insures all the benefits arising from 
 salt water. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. 
 
 BARNEGAT PIER, N. J. 
 This is the point of departure 
 for the most noted fishing grounds 
 on the central New Jersey coast. 
 It is located at the west end of the 
 draw of the long bridge by which 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad's seashore 
 route crosses Barnegat Bay. The 
 white-winged yachts, which cover 
 the water below, amply accommodate 
 the sportsmen as they alight from 
 the train and convey them to the 
 celebrated fishing grounds inBarnegat 
 Bay and Inlet. 
 
 BAYONNE, N. J. 
 A manufactm"ing town of 19,000 
 inhabitants, on New York harbor 
 with enormous petroleum refineries. 
 
 BEACH HAVEN, N. J. 
 This haven of rest and quiet has 
 won for itself a reputation as one 
 of the most attractive retreats by the 
 sea in New Jersey. 
 
 BERKELEY, N. J. 
 
 Berkeley is a genuine seaside 
 
 resort, for it has the sea around it. 
 
 The hotel, known as the Berkeley 
 
 Arms, is built on the narrow strip 
 
 253 
 
of land lying between Bamegat Bay 
 and the ocean, on ground which has 
 been made above the original sand. 
 A special feature also is the yacht 
 harbor in the bay, where the 
 pleasure steamers may ride in 
 complete seclrrit3^ At Berkeley, the 
 beach is fine and the bathing excel- 
 lent. To be reached by the Penn- 
 sylvania R. R. 
 
 BRIDGETON, N. J. 
 A town of 11,500 inhabitants, 134 
 miles from New York, via New 
 Jersey Central R. R., with manufac- 
 turing interests principally glass 
 iron, and woolen* mills. 
 
 CAMDEN, N. J. 
 With population of 58,330 inhab- 
 itants faces Philadelphia across the 
 Delaware, it is practically a suburb 
 of the Pennsylvania-metropolis, and 
 has factories, immense market gardens 
 and ship-yards. Camden is a Rail- 
 way terminus of the West Jersey, 
 the Camden and Atlantic, and the 
 Philadelphia & Atlantic City R. R. 
 
 CAPE MAY, N. J. 
 
 Cape May has ever borne an 
 enviable reputation as both a summer 
 and winter resort. 
 
 The winter temperature of Cape 
 May claims marked attention. It is 
 genial and equable; the sea breezes 
 are fresh and active, and the brac- 
 ing saltiness of the air ever invig- 
 orating. The fast express trains of 
 the West Jersey and Seashore Rail- 
 way run between Philadelphia and 
 Cape Mav at frequent and convenient 
 inteiTals. 
 
 ELIZABETH, N. J. 
 
 A city of 37,704 inhabitants, and 
 contains many fine residences of 
 New York business men. 
 
 It is situated 40 miles from N. Y., 
 via the Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Ckas H. Schmidt, Freie Presse, 
 
 Elizabeth, N. J. 
 Fred'k Hubert, 409 E. Jersey St., 
 
 Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 HOBOKEN, N. J.) 
 
 Situated just above Jersey City, 
 opposite New York, of which it is 
 practically a suburb; it has 43,650 
 inhabitants, and has manufacturing 
 tmportance. Its chief interest is owing 
 to the fact that the North German 
 Lloyd's, and Hamburg American 
 companie's wharfs are here. Most 
 of the inhabitants of Hoboken speak 
 German and the city's appearance is 
 so German-like, that it is often called 
 a suburb of Hamburg. 
 
 To passengers who want to continue 
 to travel without stopping in New 
 York very good hotel accomodations 
 are offered: Meyer's Hotel, cor. 
 Hudson and 3d Sts., near to the 
 steam -ship docks, possesses all 
 modern improvements, has a good 
 German Cuisine and of course 
 German beers. Buschs Hotel, cor. 
 Hudson and 3d Sts., is also very com- 
 mendable in every respect; Naegelis 
 Hotel has the same handy location 
 for travelers, cor. 3d and Hudson 
 Sts., and is renowned for its Rest- 
 aurant and service. A much 
 frequented Restaurant is Julius 
 Schlatter's, 92 Hudson St., established 
 in 1865 this place has become the 
 pleasent meeting point of Hoboken's 
 notabilities. Fischer s Hotel, William 
 Doerschlag prop, is located at 41 
 and 43 First .St., near all steam-ship 
 landings und railroad depots, the 
 hotel is conducted on the American 
 and European plan, at moderate 
 prices. 
 
 Palace Hotel a.ni Cafe' 39 and 41 
 Newark St., is also near the steam- 
 ship landings, feixies and depots. 
 The Restaurant is a very attractive 
 place. 
 
 For travelers arriving in Hoboken, 
 the New Jersey Transfer and 
 Baggage Expre.ss, proprietor William 
 Utz, is a reliable accommodation; 
 upon arrival of the steamers an agent 
 of this company takes orders from 
 passengers on the pier for the 
 delivery of their baggage to any 
 point in the vicinity including all 
 Railroad Stations and steam-ship 
 piers. Railway tickets via all of the 
 principal railways are also furnished 
 to the passengers ou the pier at 
 tariff rates, and baggage checked to 
 destination. 
 
 254 
 
•»^ II -s4<- 
 
 Iff? S'- 
 
 3. 'h. ^imten, Eigenthumer 
 HUDSON & 3rd ST. UC mOittW 
 
 3rt aUetn&cti^et tl&iie ber Oampffdjiff-Ootfs. 
 
 •inoVi 
 
 Modernstes nnd neoestes 
 Hotel der Stadt. 
 
 Deutscbe Knche. 
 
 Deutsche nnd Eiobeimisclie 
 Biere. 
 
 Electrische Belenchtang. 
 Electrischer Fakstuhl. 
 
 43 
 
 'pzmz 
 
 eizung. 
 ' Bader. 
 
 AAAAAA 
 
 |igarren 
 
 Den Passagieren, die waiter reisen, empfehle ich, wahrend der Warte- 
 zeit mein elegantes CAFE zu besuchen. 
 
 Jlgent nnb Courier am Dotf. 
 
 FISCHER'S HOTEL, 
 
 WM. DOERSCHLAG, Prop. 
 
 Hoboken, 41-43 First Street, bet. Bremen and Hamburg S.S. Landings. 
 
 5 NEAR ALL RAILROAD DEPOTS. 
 
 European and American Plan. Rates Doll 1.50—2.00 Am. Plan, 
 
 Restaurant a la Carte KQTEL AND GAFE 
 
 at all Hours. 6 
 
 39 & 41 Newark St., HOBOKEN, N.J. 
 
 1 
 
 Near all the steamship landings, ferries & depot. 
 
 Ims Schlatter's Restaura 
 
 liporter of RHISE, MOSELLE & EOeDEAOX WINES 
 
 38 
 
 Established i86^. 
 
 92 Hudson Street, HOBOKEN, N.J. 
 
 Bestaurant a la carte from 7 A« ill. to 9 P. iM. 
 
 255 
 
Naegelis Hotel 
 
 Founded in 1868. HO BO KEN, N.J. 
 
 Near all the European Steam Ship Companies' Docks. 
 
 Very handy location to travelers. Renowned for its Restaurant. 
 
 Travelers are called for at arrival ou demand. 
 
 Rooms from Doll. 1, — upvrard. 
 
 Neumiiller & Schaefer 
 
 Proprietors. 
 
 FRED. WWI. GIESENHAUS, SIGN PAINTING 
 
 Of ALL KINDS AND DESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Painting a,n<l I*aper Uang-ing-. 
 
 14 Hoboken Office, 81 WASHIirGTOIT STREET. 
 
 USCH'S MOTEL 
 
 22 TELEPHONE 23 7 A, HOBOKEN. 
 
 :^ ^1 Near the 
 
 ^ooms 
 
 WITH 
 OR 
 ) WITHOUT 
 
 goard 
 
 BREMEN, fjlAM.§.y.E9...'. 
 
 steamship Landings. 
 
 BY THE iBjiauranf a la rarfB anb lable b'fjofB. 
 
 DAY or WEEK. 
 
 ] HENCKEN & LATTMANN, Proprietors 
 
 r ^^ FRITZ POHL, Manager. 
 
 Cor. Hudson & Third Sts., HOBOKEN, N. J, 
 
 256 
 
Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Meyer & Steneck, 222 River St., 
 
 Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 William Uts , 200 Hudson St., 
 
 Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
 
 Jersey City is situated on the 
 Hiidson River, opposite New York, 
 and practically a suburb of the 
 metropolis. 
 
 It has a population of 100,063 
 inhaliitants, and is agreeably situated 
 and Las important commercial and 
 industrial activity. Several lines of 
 steam ferry-boats across the Hudson 
 River connect with New York City. 
 
 LAKEWOOD, N. J. 
 
 The location of Lakewood renders 
 it a most convenient winter retreat 
 for persons desirous of being within 
 easy distance of northern cities. It 
 is less than sixty miles south of New 
 York, and about ten miles from the 
 coast, and is situated in the great 
 pine belt of the State. It is a pretty 
 village, with churches of different 
 denominations. Though situated in 
 the Middle States and in a region 
 in which the rigors of winter are 
 more or less felt, it has within the 
 past few years become a most pop- 
 ular winter resort, partly through 
 its favored location and partly 
 thi-ough the excellent accommo- 
 dations to be secm-ed there. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. and Central R. R. of 
 New Jersey. 
 
 LONG BRANCH, N. J. 
 
 Long Branch stands at the head 
 of the line of famous watering places 
 on the upper New Jersey coast. For 
 years it has been a favorite resort 
 for the wealthier class, and its prox- 
 imity to New York and Philadelphia 
 has greatly enhanced its popularity. 
 Here the gay queen of fashion rules 
 supreme, and around her court an- 
 nually gathers a circle ' of subjects 
 from all quarters of the land, and 
 for their amusement she has enlisted 
 every conceivable auxiliary. Palatial 
 hotels and princely villas greet the 
 eye on every hand. Along the crest 
 of the commanding bluff, on which 
 the city is built, a beautiful boule- 
 vard, extends for miles with only a 
 narrow strip of green lawn and an oc- 
 casional pavilion between it and the 
 ever-surging sea. Good inland roads 
 also stretch back from the beach, 
 affording excellent driving, bicycling, 
 and horseback riding. 
 
 To the south, Elberon, Deal Beach, 
 Belmar, and Asbtiry Park; to the 
 north, North Long Branch, Mon- 
 mouth Beach, Sea Bright, and the 
 Navesitik Highlands, with a pretty 
 chain of villas connecting them, form 
 a succession of delightful resorts un- 
 surpassed in attractiveness in the 
 country. Untold wealth has been 
 lavished in the construction of hand- 
 some villas and the embellishment 
 of the grounds suiTOunding them, 
 to be reached by the Pennsylvania 
 R. R. One of the best hotels and 
 restaurants in Long Branch is A. 
 Jauch's Hotel in Ocean Avenue. 
 
 JAUGH's HOTEL and RESTAURANT 
 
 Oeean Ave. Long Branch, N. J. 
 
 Open from April 1st. to October 1st. Established for 30 Years. 
 First class. Nice large airy rooms on the European plan. Terms moderate. 
 
 35 A. JAUCH, Manager. 
 
 LONGPORT, N. J. 
 Longport is located on a narrow 
 point of land between the Atlantic 
 Ocean and Great Egg Harbor Bay, 
 seven miles south of Atlantic City, 
 with which it is connected by an 
 electric railway. It is a pleasant 
 
 place in the very midst of a cele- 
 brated fishing region, and besides the 
 people who live in its hotels and 
 cottages it is visited eveiy day by 
 hundreds who make an outing by 
 the electric road from Atlantic City. 
 To be reached by the West Jersey 
 & Seashore R. R. 
 
 257 
 
NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 Nine miles west of New York, 
 via the Pennsylvania R. R., is an 
 interesting^ citj with 181,830 inhab- 
 itants on the right bank of the Passaic 
 River, 4 miles from Newark Bay. 
 
 The Court House is an imposing 
 building in Egyptian style, the City 
 Hall, cor. Broa'd and William Sts., 
 the Custom House and Post Office, 
 cor. Broad and Acadeniy Sts., the 
 building of the Mutual Benefit Life 
 Insurance Company and some 
 churches are noteworthy. Newark 
 contains a free Public Library, the 
 State Historical Society, and the 
 Newark Academy. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 / M. Byrne & Co., 800 Broad St., 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 Martin R. Dennis Co., 774 Broad 
 St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 / Wilson Smyth, 744 Broad St., 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 
 
 Situated at the head of navigation 
 on the Raritan River, 32 miles from 
 New York, and has a population of 
 about 19,000 inhabitants. 
 
 It contains immense rubber and 
 harness manufactures. 
 
 Rutgers College a flourishing 
 educational establishment is located 
 here. To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. 
 
 OCEAN CITY, N. J. 
 From a mere summer camp-meet 
 ing site Ocean City has grown into 
 a large and prosperous city, which 
 is annually becoming more popular 
 as a seaside resort. It is situated 
 at the junction of Great Egg' Har- 
 bor Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. 
 To be reached by the West Jersey 
 & Seashore R. R. 
 
 ORANGE, N. J. 
 
 A favorite suburban home of New 
 York business men. It is a beau- 
 tiful city of 19.000 inhabitants, 12 
 miles from N. Y., via Delaware, 
 Lackawanna & Western R. R. 
 
 In the neighborhood is Llewellyn 
 
 Park, and a little farther West is 
 Orange Mountain crowned by 
 handsome residences. The driv« 
 about Orange are extremely beautiful. 
 
 PATERSON, N. J. 
 This busy manufacturing city with 
 nearly 80,000 inhabitants, is situsted 
 on the right bank of the Passaic 
 River, 17 miles from New York, via 
 the Erie R. R. The chief _ article 
 manufactured in Paterson is silk; 
 there are not less than 80 fa:tories 
 for this product, woolen, linen, velvet, 
 locomotives and other machinery 
 are also manufactured in tte place. 
 The total out-put is estimated up- 
 wards of $ 20,000,000. Very near 
 the city are the Passaic Falls, the 
 scenery in the vicinity is picturesque, 
 the Falls are surrounded by a park. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Geo S. McCarter, 3 Colt St., 
 Paterson, N. J. 
 . F. K. McCully, Paterson, N. J. 
 
 James A. Morrisse, 289 Main St., 
 Paterson, N. J. 
 
 PERTH AMBOY, N. J. 
 A town of 10,000 inhabitants which 
 was formerly the capital of the State 
 and a rival of New York. To be 
 reached by the Central Railway of 
 New Jersey. 
 
 PLAINFIELD, N. J. 
 This town of 11,000 inhabitants 
 is pleasantly situated near the foot 
 of Orange Mountain, .and is reached 
 by the Central Railway of New Jersey. 
 Its chief industry is hat making. 
 
 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 50 miles from New York on the 
 Pennsylvania R. R.. the seat of the 
 College of New Jersey, one of the 
 oldest and most famous institutions 
 of this kind in America, founded 
 m 1746. 
 
 There are 35 college buildings, 
 the most rem?irkable ones are Nassau. 
 Hall, Alexander Hall, Marquand 
 Chapel, Clio Hall, Whig Hall, and a 
 Museum of Historic Art. The 
 Princeton Theological Seminary, 
 
 258 
 
Evelyn College, and the Lawrence ville 
 School are other well known institu- 
 tions in aud near Princeton. 
 
 The place has broad and thickly 
 shaded streets and was the scene of 
 the battle of Princeton in 1777. It 
 has 3,000 inhabitants. 
 
 SPRING LAKE, N. J. 
 
 The en-vironment of Spring Lake 
 is the most charming of any point 
 along the Jersey coast. A very 
 strikmg feature — an anomaly in 
 seaside resorts — is the wonderful 
 blending of pastoral scenes with the 
 ordinary beach, sand, and waves of 
 the seashora. On one side the broad 
 ocean beats with ceaseless energy 
 against the little bluff; on the other, 
 green fields, shaded groves, and 
 blooming orchards repose in the 
 peaceful quiet of an inland retreat. 
 To this pleasing combination, the 
 beautiful lake from which the place 
 takes its name — adds an increased 
 beauty. 
 
 Spring Lake has a number of very 
 attractive neighbors in Sea Girt, 
 
 Point Pleasant, Bay Head, Bel-mar, 
 
 Avon, and Asbury Park. The name 
 of the post office is Spring- Lake 
 Beach. 
 
 To be reached by the, Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. 
 
 TRENTON, N. J. 
 The capital of New Jersey has 
 57,458 inhabitants, and is situated 
 at the head of navigation on the ' 
 Delaware River 57 miles from New 
 York, via the Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 _ The city is well built, the prin- 
 cipal thoroughfares being State and 
 Greene Sts. The State House is 
 beautifully situated overlooking the 
 river and vicinity; the Post Office 
 in State St., the State Penitentiary 
 in Federal St., the St^te .Arsenal 
 near the latter, and the State Lunatic 
 Asylum are the most important of 
 Trenton's public buildings. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 John Krtimhols, 689 Broad St., 
 Trenton, N. J. 
 
 259 
 
NEW MEXICO. 
 
 The first settlement was made by 
 
 iuan de Onate, who maixhed from 
 lexico in 1598 with 400 Spanish 
 soldiers and 130 families, on the 
 north of the Rio Chama, and bore 
 the name of San Gabriel de los 
 Espanoles. In 1005 the present 
 capital was founded. In 1680 the 
 Indians drove the Spaniards from 
 the territory, but in 1692 Gov. Diego 
 de Vargas occupied the country with 
 his army. 
 
 When Mexico became independent, 
 in 1822, New Mexico was governed 
 by Political Chiefs, who after 1835, 
 were appointed, instead of elected. 
 In 1837 the north rose in revolt and 
 defeated Gov. Perez and killed him 
 and his staff. Gen. Armijo after- 
 wards crushed the rebellion, and 
 remained governor till 1847, when 
 Kearny's Army of the West occupied 
 the Territory. New Mexico west of 
 the Rio Grande belonged to the 
 region ceded by Mexico to the 
 United States in 1848; and the part 
 east of the Rio Grande was ceded 
 by Texas in 1850. 
 
 With great loyalty to the Govern- 
 ment that had conquered them, the 
 New Mexicans took up • arms for 
 the Union, in 1861. 
 
 The name, Nuevo Mexico, was 
 given by Espejo, one of the early 
 Spanish explorers, owing to the 
 resemblance of the country to the 
 mining regions of Mexico. 
 
 The Territory is equal in area to 
 New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio 
 combined. Mountain-ranges traverse 
 the Territory, and give diversity to 
 its semi- Oriental scenery. The "Rio 
 
 Grande", the Nile of the New World, 
 flows south 356 miles through the 
 center of New Mexico. 
 
 The yearly product of wine exceeds 
 240,000 gallons. The cereal crop 
 of New Mexico is important. Beans 
 grow profusely; the fruits are 
 famous for then: size and beauty. 
 
 The output of the mines is yearly 
 increasing. 
 
 The United States army posts are 
 Fort Bayard, six companies; Fort 
 Union, five companies ; Fort Wingate, 
 five companies; Fort Stanton, three 
 companies; and Fort Seldon, three 
 companies. The headquarters o f the 
 military district is at Santa Fe. The 
 garrisons include 1500 men. 
 
 ALBUQUERQUE, N. M. 
 The Eastern Terminus of the At- 
 lantic and Pacific Railroad and the 
 crossing point of the Atchison, To- 
 peka & Santa Fe R. R. to El Paso 
 and Mexico. The town has 5,500 
 inhabitants and is important as a 
 market for hides and wool. 
 
 CLAYTON, N. M. 
 
 A small town of about 200 inh. 
 in Colfax Couuty near the southern 
 edge of the Alpine Mesa. A few 
 miles to the eastward, on one of the 
 tributaries of the Chnmeron, is a 
 community of Mexicans, engaged in 
 agriculture. 
 
 The Alpine Mesa is one broad 
 treeless plain, broken only by an 
 occasional butte. It commences at 
 Grand Divide, at an altitude of 6,073 
 
 I 
 
 260 
 
feet, and slopes gradually away fox^ 
 50 miles to 5,000 feet altitude, near 
 the Texas line. 
 
 • FOLSOM SPRINGS, N. M. 
 
 Named (for Ex-Presideut Cleve- 
 land's wife, new town, 286 miles 
 from Denver; elevation 6,410 feet. 
 A charming summer resort of the 
 Ratons. 
 
 Folsom is in Colfax County N. M. 
 The United States Land Office for 
 the district is located here. 
 
 LAS VEGAS, N. M. 
 A thriving town of 5,500 inh. on 
 a branch of the Pecos River and 
 important as a woolmarket. The 
 Territorial Insane Asyliun is located 
 here. To be reached by the Atchison, 
 Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. 
 
 LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS, N. M. 
 The A. T. & St. Fe R. R. runs 
 a branch - line from Las Vegas to 
 these springs located 6 miles from 
 that town S. E. of the Santa Fe 
 Moimtains. There are about 40 hot 
 springs similar in their effect to the 
 Arkansas Hot Springs. 
 
 SANTA FE, N. M. 
 The capital of New Mexico, one 
 of the oldest cities of the United 
 States; it was founded by the 
 Spaniards in 1605. The town has 
 6,500 inhabitants and is very inter- 
 esting : American, Mexican and Indian 
 types are living here in narrow 
 streets. The principal point of the 
 city is the Plaza, on which is the 
 war monument. On one side of the 
 
 Plaza is the Governor's Palace, an 
 old Adobe-Building, in which the 
 Spanish, Mexican and American 
 governors have resided for 300 
 years. It contains the Museum of 
 the New Mexico Historical Society 
 and is worth visiting for its collection 
 of Spanish paintings, historical relics 
 and Indian curiosities. The Cathe- 
 dral "San Francisco" dates from 
 1622. An other church of the 
 seventeenth century "San Miguel" 
 was renovated in 1710. Inter- 
 esting is further the old Fort Marcy, 
 San Miguel College and the Ramona 
 Industrial School tor Indians. Among 
 the modern buildings, the Territorial 
 Capitol, the Court House and the 
 Post-Office ai-e the principal ones. 
 Santa Fe is situated in the midst of 
 a rich mining district and does an 
 extensive busmess. A visit to the 
 workshops of the Silver filigran- 
 workers, on the Plaza, is instructive 
 and interesting. 
 
 The pueblo of the Tesuque Indians 
 lies 9 miles from Santa Fe; the 
 Indians bring every day wood on 
 their "burros" to the Capital. 
 
 Santa Fe is reached by the A. F. 
 & St. Fe. R. R. 
 
 SOCORRO, N. M. 
 Beautifully situated in the Rio 
 Grande Valley with a population of 
 2,600. The town has a stamp-mill 
 and smelting works. It includes in 
 the mining districts, tributary to it, 
 many of the best known mines in 
 New Mexico. Socorro contains the 
 territorial School of Mines. Mining, 
 grazing and fruit-growing are the 
 principal Industrie. 
 
 261 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 The Iroquois Confederacy of 
 powerful Indian tribes, as the 
 Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, 
 Cayugas and Senecas, occupied the 
 territory from Lake Erie to the 
 Catskills before the advent of the 
 Europeans. This wonderful confed- 
 eracy became the shield of English 
 civilization in America, defending it 
 with courage against the French and 
 their Indian friends. There are still 
 now 5,300 Indians residing on 
 resei-vations in New York. Hemy 
 Hudson, who landed first in New 
 Jersey, was also the discoverer of 
 New York; he was an English cap- 
 tain in the service of the Dutch East- 
 India Company. He ascended the 
 Hudson to Albany, believing that 
 it was the long sought Northwest 
 Passage. In 1612 Amsterdam 
 merchants sent out the „Fortune and 
 Tiger" to trade with the Manhattan 
 natives. In 1613 the Tiger was 
 burnt and her crew, under Adriaen 
 Block, passed the winter at Manhattan, 
 in log huts, and built another vessel 
 the Ourust, with which they returned 
 home. Other traders erected in 1614 
 Fort Nassau, now Albany, and the 
 States General of HoUand issued a 
 charter to a company of Amsterdam 
 and Hoorn merchants, covering the 
 region between Virginia and New 
 France, naming it New Netherland. 
 In May 1623 110 colonists sent out 
 by the Dutch West-India Company 
 on the ship New-Netherland reached 
 Manhattan. The English laid claim 
 to this region, because the discoverer 
 toas an Englishman, but their demands 
 were ignored. The Walloons scattered 
 
 in groups ever the country. Peter 
 Minuit became the first governor 
 and purchased Manhattan Island 
 from the natives for $ 24, — erecting 
 New Netherland into a province of 
 Holland. Then followed the fortifica- 
 tion of the town, and the wars with 
 the Indians. 1629 the order of 
 patroons came into existence. After 
 them Peter Stuyvesant arrived as 
 governor; he inaugurated a despotic 
 but wise rule. He named the capital 
 of his colony New Amsterdam and 
 erected fortifications along Wall 
 Street. In 1664 a British fleet and 
 army took possession of the town; 
 a Dutch fleet recaptured it in 1673, 
 but it was restored to England a 
 few months later. Then followed a 
 wai" of man)'' years with the 
 Frenchmen and Canadian Indians. 
 The last French war lasted from 
 1754 untm 1760. 
 
 On the eve of the Revolution the 
 Sons of Liberty in New York fought 
 the English soldiers on Golden Hill, 
 some weeks before the Boston 
 Massacre in 1770. The Provincial 
 Assembly remained loyal to the Eng 
 until its final adjoui^nment in 1775. 
 Finally Governor Tryon retreated 
 to the warship Asia. The Indians 
 were kept loyal to the crown by 
 Sir William Johnson, to whom the 
 King had granted 100,000 acres in 
 the Mohawk Valley. In 1776 General 
 Schuyler with 3000 militia disai'med 
 Johnson's 300 Scottish retainers. 
 During the same year Gen. Charles 
 Lee occupied New York with an 
 American force. Washington led his 
 army of 18,000 men to defend New 
 
 262 
 
York and on the 9 th of July the 
 Declaration of Independence was 
 read on the site of the City Hall. - 
 In August an army of 30,000 British 
 and German troops occupied the city 
 and for seven years retained posses- 
 sion of it. November 25 th, 1783, 
 Sir Henry Clinton evacuated New- 
 York and Washington occupied the 
 city with his victorious troops. The 
 Continental Congress estabhshed the 
 capital of the Republic at New York, 
 and there, in 1789, President Wash- 
 ington was inaugurated. When the 
 late civil war broke put, New York 
 raised 30,000 men at the earliest 
 call. By the close of 1862 the State 
 had sent into the field 219,000 
 soldiers; and during the war New 
 York furnished nearly 500,000 men 
 to the National Anny. In 1890 the 
 U. S. Census gives to the State a 
 population of 5,997,853 on an area 
 of 49,170 square miles. Its manufac- 
 tures are valued at $ 1,080,638,700 
 yearly, and its farm-products at 
 $ 178,025,700. The popular name 
 of the Empire State indicates the 
 commanding position of New York 
 "in the sisterhood of States." 
 
 ADIRONDACK, N. Y. 
 
 The Adirondack Mountains are in 
 the northern part of New York State. 
 They cover about 10,000 Sq. Miles, 
 North the Canadian border. South, 
 the Mohawk River, East, George and 
 Champlain Lakes. 
 
 There are five mountain ranges 
 running from SW. to NO. The 
 principal range is on the East side. 
 Here are the Mts. Marcy, Mc. Intyre, 
 Haystate, Dix, Basin, Gray Peak, 
 Skylight, Whitefare, from 5,100— 
 5,700 ft. high. The "Adirondack 
 Wilderness" is covered with forest, 
 partly unexplored. At the foot of 
 the mountains are situated more 
 than a thousand lakes of various 
 dimensions. The largest is 
 
 Schroon Lake, 20 Sq. miles. The 
 highest is the Tear of the Clouds 
 (4,600 ft. over sea level). From the 
 latter lake flows the Hudson. Many 
 other rivers, among which the Ra- 
 quette, Saranac, fonn communication 
 between the lakes. 
 
 The Adirondacks are famous for 
 
 hunting and fishing. There are still 
 pumas and bears. 
 
 The most frequented points are 
 the Saranac and St. Regis Lake, 
 Lake Placid, Keene Valley, Blue 
 Mt. and Raquette Lake. 
 
 To tour the Adirondacks is expen- 
 sive. Guides may be found in every 
 place of importance; they receive 
 $3, — a day; this includes the nse of 
 their boat and cooking material; but 
 the traveler has to pay the living of 
 the guide. One guide is sufficient 
 for two persons in case of a short 
 excursion, but for larger excursions 
 each person ought to have a guide. 
 
 The Hotels in the Adirondack are 
 good. 
 
 The traveler must be prepared to 
 spend about : $10, — a day on an 
 excursion including one guide. 
 
 The principal points to enter the 
 Adirondacks are Plattsburg, Port 
 Kent, Westport, Herkimer, Mai one 
 Saranac port. 
 
 The following excursion is a 
 popular one and affords a good view 
 of the mountains. 
 
 Start irom Platsburg , 12 hours 
 by railroad from New York. It is 
 a town of 7,000 inhabitants on the 
 West shore of Lake Champlain, at 
 the entrance ot the Saranac River. 
 From Plattsburg to Ausable by rail 
 in l^la hours $1, — . From there by 
 coach to Wilmington and Lake 
 Placid. 
 
 From Plattsburg to Saranac Lake 
 by the Chateaugay Railroad in 4^2 
 hours, $3,35, passing Cadyville, 
 Dannemot^a, Johnson Mt., Lyon 
 Mt., to Lake Chasy. From Lyon 
 Mt. coaches run to the Upper 
 Chateaugay Lake (4X1 M.). From 
 Chateau£^ay Station on the lower 
 Lake, the Ogdensburg & Lake 
 Champlain Railroad passes the 
 Chateaugay Lakes. 54 Miles south 
 is Loon Lake with Hotel, Loon 
 Lake Mountain and Lon^ Poizd. 
 Near Rainbow is Rainbow Lake. 
 Blootningdale is the station for 
 Paul Smith's, and 73 Miles from 
 Plattsburg, Saranac Lake. Paul 
 Smith's is the name given to the 
 St. Regis Lake House. A large 
 Hotel ($4—5 per Day) on the north 
 shore of the Lower St. Regis Lake. 
 
 From Paul Smith's the following 
 
 263 
 
tour is frequently made and affords 
 the traveler a fine impression of the 
 Adiiondacks. The tour is 40 — 45 
 Miles long, time: Thi"ee days. The 
 best is, to take guides and boats for 
 the whole trip. It must be expressly 
 mentioned to the guide to take the 
 "Seven Carry Route", not the "Big 
 Clear Route". 
 
 From Paul Smith's by boat over 
 the Lower St. Regis Lake, then by 
 boat to the Spit/ire Pond and 
 Upper St. Regis Lake; traversing 
 the St. Regis to the South-End. 
 West the St. Regis Mountain 
 (3,100 ft.). Here the Carry begins 
 to Clear Lake ("Big Clear"); on 
 the north shore the Big Clear 
 Pond Hotel ($3,—). From the 
 South end a 4 Miles Carry runs to 
 the Saranac Inn. 
 
 The Seven Carry Route, goes 
 over six short carries and six small 
 lakes to Little Clear Pond; 2 Miles 
 from Saranac Inn, $4, — ; at the 
 North End of the Upper Saranac 
 Lake, about two miles from Saranac 
 Inn Station of the Adirondacks St. 
 Lawrence Railroad. 
 
 The Upper Saranac Lake is one 
 of the largest lakes in the Adiron- 
 dacks and contains many small 
 islands; the lake is surrounded by 
 forests and mountains. A small 
 steamer tom-s the lake; $1, — 
 touchmg Sweeny Carry, Indian 
 Carry, and Saranac s Chib. A 
 short carry runs from here to the 
 "Middle Saranac Lake" or Round 
 Lake. South Eeast is the Ampersand 
 Mt. (3660 f.) with beautiful view. 
 At the North East End of the lake 
 the boat enters a small river, to the 
 Lozver Saranac Lake. 5 Miles long 
 and 1 mile wide, surrounded by 
 mountains and dotted with islands. 
 N. E. is Saranac Lake Village with 
 good hotels in the village and on 
 the lake. 
 
 Keene Valley extending from Keene 
 Village about 8 miles to the south 
 is full of scenic beauties. It is ci-ossed 
 by the east arm of the Ausable river 
 and is surrounded by two mountain 
 chains. On the east the highest 
 peaks are Hopkins Peak, Ihe Giant 
 of the Valley and Noon Mark; The 
 west chain contains Mt. Porter, Twin 
 Mts. and Wolfs Jaws. Many hotels 
 
 are located in the Valley. Among 
 them St. Huberts Inn ($ 3—4) 
 splendidly situated and conducted on 
 the highest standard. From here may 
 be easity reached Ausable Lakei 
 located in the Adirondack Mountain 
 Reserve belonging to a New-York 
 concern. A fine road runs to Lower 
 Ausable Lake surrounded by high 
 mountains, among them Indian Face, 
 Gothics and Mt. Resegonia or Saw- 
 teeth. By boat to Rainbow Falls, 
 a water fall of about 100 feet. From 
 this lake a good trail runs to the 
 Upper Ausable Lake equally brilliant- 
 ly located and surrounded by hi^h 
 mountains. On the boarder of the 
 lake are camps belonging to the guides 
 (25 cents per night and person). 
 Around the lake are the Boreas 
 Range, Mts. Colvin, Resegonia, 
 Gothics, Saddleback, Bartlett, Hay- 
 stack and Skylight. From there a trail 
 runs east over the Boreas Mt. Range 
 to Elk Lake. From here a road to 
 Schroon River Post Office. In immed- 
 iate vicinity of St. Huberts Inn are 
 ih.& Russell Falls, The Roaring Brook 
 Falls, Chapel Pond, Giants Wash- 
 bowl, Round Pond, Boquet Falls, 
 Cathedral Rocks, Chapel Brook. 
 Picturesque mountain excursions can 
 be made to Noon Mark (3,800 f.), 
 Mt. Colvin (4,400 f.). Giant of the 
 Valley (4,800 f.), Hopkins Peak 
 (3,800 f.), Mt. Baxter (2,800 f.), 
 Gothics (5,100 f.), Mt. Marcy or 
 Tahawas is the highest Peak of the 
 Adirondacks (5,700 f.) a difficult ex- 
 cursion of two days, only with guides. 
 
 On the Northside of Mt. Mc Intyre, 
 five miles from the road, is a com- 
 fortable Hotel "Adirondack Lodge" 
 % 4. — p. d. In front of the house is 
 Clear Lake. From here only, 
 trails run to different points of interest ; 
 as to Avalanche Lake, Mt. Jo, Mt. 
 Mc Intyre (5,550 f.), htdian Pass, a 
 splendid valley between Mt. Mc Int)'-re 
 and Mt. Watlface, Lake Henderson 
 and Lake Sanford. 
 
 An other center for excm'sionists 
 is Saratoga (s. p. 279). From here 
 by the Adirondack Railway in ^Hi 
 hours passing Woodland Park, 
 Jessuf s Landing, io Hadley, crossing 
 the Sacandaga River. Hadley is the 
 station to Luzerne on the Lake of 
 Ltizerne. Nearby the Potash Mts.; 
 
 264 
 
from Riverside coaches to Schroon 
 Lake (10 Miles X ^/a mile), where 
 good hotels will lae found. 59 miles 
 from Saratoga is North Creek (good 
 Hotel); from here, fine excursion to 
 Blue Mountain Lake by coach at 
 the food oiBlue Mt. (4,000 f). From 
 Blue Mountain Lake by steamer to 
 Raquette Lake interestmg excursion 
 over the Blue Mountain Lake, through 
 a short canal and Easle Lake, 
 hence over the Utowana Lake; from 
 here over a short carry, to Marion 
 River and by boat to Raquette 
 Lake 10 Miles X ^2 M. Famous hotels 
 on this lake are The An tiers $3^2 and 
 The Hemlocks $ 3. — Southwest from 
 Raquette Lake are the Fulton Chain 
 of Lakes; eight lakes. From Raquette 
 Lake over a short carry to Forked 
 Lake and from here to Long Lake, 
 14 Miles X 1 M. On the southend 
 Mt. Sabattis and Owl's Head. 
 
 Herkimer is the next railway 
 station. From here by the Adkon- 
 dack & St. Lawrence Railway to 
 Trenton Falls, West Canada Creek, 
 Remsen, Mc Keever, crossing the 
 Moose River, passing the Fulton 
 Lakes, »to Tufiper Lake /unction, the 
 terminus of the Ry. Tupper Lake is 
 7 Miles X 3 Miles (Tupper Lake House 
 $ 3, — ). From here by boat and 
 carries to Round Pond and hence 
 by carry to Little Tupper Lake 
 (4 M. X 1 M.). By railway 173 miles 
 Irom Herkimer is Malone a village 
 of 5,000 inhabitants. 
 
 From Saranac Lake by coach to Lake 
 Placid, 10 Miles distanc ($ IV2). 
 Saranac Lake Village is the 
 terminal of the Chatantay Railroad; 
 by which the tourist returns to 
 Paul Smith's. 
 
 Port Kent on the West of Lake 
 Champlain is 11 hours by rail from 
 New York; price $ 7,80. 
 
 From here by railroad to Ausable 
 Chasm. (Lake view House $ 3.) 
 This is a wonderful formation of 
 rocks, which no tourist should miss 
 seeing. The Ausable River storms 
 here through a gorge of rocks 150 ft. 
 high. 
 
 Westport is a vUlage of 700 in- 
 habitants West of Lake Champlain 
 25 Miles. South of Port Kent. From 
 New York by rail 10 hours. 
 
 From here excursions should be 
 
 made by coach to Elisabethtown 
 (9 miles) on the Boquet River in 
 Pleasant Valley. Hotels; Mansion 
 Hotel $ 2V2. Maplewood Inn $ 2. — 
 From Elizabethtown, excursions to 
 Robbie Hill, Raven Hill, Htirricane 
 Mt. (4,000 f). South passing Split 
 Rock Falls, Euba Mills, Schroon 
 River to Schroon Lake, 32 miles. 
 "North, a road leads to Keeseville 
 passing Poke o' Moonshine Mt. and 
 Atigtir Lake. 
 
 The road from Elizabeth Town to 
 Lake Placid goes throught the most 
 interesting part of the Adirondacks. 
 From this road others branch off to 
 Keene Valley and Adirondack 
 Lodge. 
 
 Lake Placid, 4X2 Miles, is sur- 
 rounded by mountains; covered with 
 hotels and residences. Three islands 
 are in the lake; Hawk, Moose and 
 Buck Island. From here, excursions 
 to White/ace Mt. (5,100 f.) with fine 
 view. Arid to John Browoi's Farm, 
 3 Miles from Lake Placid. 
 
 ALBANY, N. Y. 
 
 The Capital of N. Y. State can be 
 reached from New York by the N. Y. 
 Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., running 
 along the E. bank of the Hudson, 
 or the West Shore R. R., running 
 on the west side of the river, or 
 by boat. The city is situated on 
 three hills on the W. bank of the 
 Hudson, some miles below the head 
 of tide-water. It was made the State 
 Capital in 1798 since which time 
 its population has increased from 
 5,000 to 85,000. As a terminus of 
 the great Erie Canal from the W. 
 and the Champlain Canal from the 
 N., and from its position at the head 
 of navigation on the Hudson, and 
 as an important railway center Al- 
 any commands large comanercial 
 interests. The principal attraction 
 is the New Capitol; it is of Maine 
 granite in renaissance style, and 
 stands on elevated ground, affording 
 a superb view. It is 300 ft. wide 
 and 390 ft. long, and the main tower 
 is 390 ft. high. The magnificent 
 eastern approach extends 170 ft. 
 beyond the main building, and is 
 exactljr at the head of lower State 
 St. The Capitol is now occupied 
 
 265 
 
Successor to MARSH & HOFFMAN. 
 Femberton Buildlngr, STortb Pearl, oor. Oolnmbia St. Albany. 
 
 WATCHMAKER, JEWELER and SILVERSMITH. 
 
 IMPORTER OF PRECIOUS STONES. 10 
 
 Agents for Patek, Philippe d Co. and Eduard Koehn celebrated Geneva Watches. 
 
 by the Legislature of the State. It 
 contains also the State Library of 
 190,000 volumes, and an interesting 
 collection of portraits and historical 
 relics. The offices of the University 
 of the State of New York are also 
 in the Capitol. Another splendid 
 building is the City Hall, situated in 
 Eagle St. In S. Pearl St., is _ the 
 City' Building which contains various 
 offices of the city government; U. S. 
 Government Building is a handsome 
 edifice. The State Armory is in 
 Washington Ave. The State Geolo- 
 gical and Agricultural Hall contains 
 collections of the New York State 
 Museum and the Agricultural Society. 
 The Medical College cor. Eagle and 
 Jay Sts., possesses a valuable Museum. 
 The Law School of the Albany 
 University is in State St. A point 
 of great interest is the Dudley Obser- 
 vatory, it stands on an elevation above 
 Lake Ave, and was founded by Mrs. 
 Blandina Dudle}^ The Penitentiary 
 stands one mile W. of the city, near 
 the poor houses. The leading schools 
 are the State Normal School on 
 Washington Park, the Female Acad- 
 emy, Albany Academy for boy's and 
 the High School. The city possesses 
 more than 50 churches, the most 
 noteworthy is the Cathedral of the 
 Immaculate Conception, the Cathe- 
 dral has a seating capacity of 4,000 
 people, and has very rich stained 
 glass windows, and a remarkably 
 fine altar. 
 
 The principal streets are Broadway, 
 which IS near the river and the chief 
 
 wholesale business thoroughfare ; 
 Pearl St., with the principal retail 
 stores, and State St., which leads 
 from the river to the Capitol Square 
 and extends for a mile farther. 
 
 Washington Park is in the north- 
 ern part of the city and contains a 
 beautiful Memorial Fountain, a bronze 
 statue of Robert Burns, and a bust 
 of Dr. James H. Armsby. On the 
 S. side of the city is Beaver Park. 
 An interesting lelic of the early 
 days of Albany is the old Schuyler 
 House in Schuyler St., it was burned 
 down in 1759, but immediately rebuilt. 
 Colonel Peter Schuyler, the first 
 mayor of Albany, resided in this 
 house. 
 
 A very good hotel is the Delavan. 
 The famous Jeweler F. W. Hoff- 
 man has his splendid store comer 
 North Pearl and Columbia Streets. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 IVfn. Kaestner, 114 State St., 
 Albany N. Y. 
 Miles W. Vosburp-h,QM>'Bxoa.&vfdij, 
 
 Albany N. Y. 
 
 ALBION, N. Y. 
 
 31 miles from Rochester, an 
 attractive village of 5,000 inhabitants, 
 and contains a noteworthy Soldiers' 
 Monument, and a Court-House. 
 
 Reached by the, N. Y. Cen. & 
 Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 THE DELJL¥^ 
 
 E. M. MOORE, Manager. [^ S. D. JVVATT & Co., Profrs. 
 
 6 ALBANY, N.Y. 
 
 Free bus to trains and boat. Nearest Hotel to N.Y.C. Station. 
 
 AMERICAN PLAN % 2.50 Per Day and upwards. * ROOMS, EUROPEAN PLAN if Desired. 
 
 Street Cars to Capitol and all parts of ttie City pass the Hotel. 
 266 
 
ALEXANDRIA BAY (THETHOUS- 
 . AND ISLANDS), N. Y. 
 
 At the point where the St. Law- 
 rence River receives into its broad 
 channel the waters of Lake Ontario, 
 is the collection of sylvan gems and 
 labyrinth of water courses, known 
 as the Thousand Islands. 
 
 There are in reality some seven- 
 teen hundred of these islets, varying 
 in size, shape, and appearance from 
 a small lump of barren rock to a 
 lai-ge and fertile area of land crowned 
 with richest foliage and lofty trees, 
 and ornamented with beautiful sum- 
 mer residences or left in their prinie- 
 val rudeness. The picture of these 
 beautiful islands, varying in color 
 from the gray of the bare rock to 
 the deep green of luxuriant forest, 
 separated and surrounded by sinuous 
 channels of calm or rushing water, 
 is extremely pretty. Every islet and 
 dancing ripple pulsates with the 
 spirit of true poetry. 
 
 Undoubtedly the most numerous 
 resorts located in this famous archipe- 
 lago, as well as one of the most 
 fashionable watering places in Ame- 
 rica is Alexandria Bay, fittingly 
 termed the "Saratoga of the St. Law- 
 rence." It numbers among its fre- 
 quenters some of the wealthiest and 
 best-known men of the United States. 
 The adjacent islands are dotted with 
 cottages in all sorts of picturesque 
 surroundings. No one visiting the 
 Thousand Islands should fail to take 
 what is called the Fifty-mile Ramble 
 on the steamer "Islander". No ex- 
 perience could be more delightful. 
 
 Starting comfortably after the even- 
 ing meal you make the tour of thir- 
 teen hundred islands in the soft glow 
 of the evening twilight, and are 
 safely back at the hotel at a season- 
 able hour. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. and New York Cen. & 
 Hud. Riv. R. R. Thousand Island 
 House was built in 1873 by the 
 present proprietor O. G. Staples, 
 and has enjoyed phenomenal pros- 
 perity ever smce. Last year many 
 improvements were added and the 
 entire place renovated. Modern 
 plumbing installed and many other 
 
 improvements too numerous to 
 mention. 
 
 The table and service are the best 
 that money will procure and general 
 satisfaction and praise has been the 
 reward of faithful attention to the 
 desires of the patrons of the house. 
 
 Rates $ 21, — per week and upward 
 according to rooms, open from June 
 to October. 
 
 AMSTERDAM, N. Y. 
 A town of 17,000 inhabitants, 
 situated in rich farming country, 33 
 miles from Albany. Reached by the, 
 N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 AUBURN, N. Y. 
 
 Auburn is situated at the foot of 
 Owasco Lake, at an elevation of 
 about seven hundred feet above sea- 
 level. It is a handsomely-built little 
 city of about thirty thousand in- 
 habitants, with well-paved and beauti- 
 fully-shaded streets. 
 
 Close at hand are three other 
 beautiful lakes, Cayuga, Skaneateles, 
 and Seneca, all delightful places of 
 summer resorts. 
 
 To be reached by the New York 
 Cen. & Hud. Riv 
 
 Dv tne 
 
 BABLON, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 
 
 Situated only thirty-seven miles 
 from New York, Bablon is well 
 known as a centre of culture and 
 refinement. There are hotels main- 
 tained in true metropolitan style, as 
 well as less pretentious houses for 
 those who prefer a quiet life. 
 
 Thus, whilst in the midst of the 
 boating and yachting, bathing and 
 fishing district of the Great South 
 Bay, one enjoys, at limited cost, all 
 the accommodations and conven- 
 iences of city life. 
 
 To be reached by the Long Island 
 R. R. 
 
 BALLSTON SPEA, N. Y. 
 A village of 3,000 inhabitants- 
 situated on the Kayaderosseras Creek; 
 it contains several factoiies. The 
 place is noted for its mineral springs, 
 and is a fashionable resort. 175 miles 
 from New York, by the N. Y. Cen. 
 & Hud Riv. R. R. or the West 
 Shore R. R. 
 
 267 
 
BATAVIA, N. Y. 
 A village of 7,221 inhabitants, on 
 the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 It is noteworthy as the site of the 
 State Institution for the Blind. 
 
 BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 
 
 With a population of 35,000 is an 
 iron and coal handling railway center. 
 Pleasantly situated in an angle formed 
 by the confluence of the Susquehanna 
 and Chenango Rivers. The principal 
 buildings are the Court House on 
 Court St., the New York State 
 Military Store-House,theSusquehanna 
 Orphan Asylum, and St. Mary Orphan 
 Asylum. Binghamton possesses sev- 
 eral fine churches. 
 
 The As}dum for the Chronic Insane 
 is on a commanding eminence, a 
 mile from the city connected by 
 street cars. Binghamton is noted 
 for its manufacture of cigars, and 
 leather interest. 
 
 Nearby on Mt. Prospect is a 
 popular Water-Cure Hotel. 
 
 Binghamton is 213 miles from 
 New Yoi-k, via the Erie R. R. 
 
 BRIDGEHAMPTON, Long Island, 
 N. Y. 
 
 The Hamptons, comprising West- 
 hampton, Sbuthhampton, Bridge- 
 hampton, and Easthampton, are all 
 directly on the Atlantic coast, with 
 a view seaward limited only by the 
 capacity of the eye. 
 
 With Peconic Bay on the north, 
 and Shinnecock Bay, East Bay, 
 Mecock Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean 
 on the south, the temperature of 
 "The Hamptons" is ever cool and 
 refreshing, the atmosphere always 
 invigorating. The surf bathing and 
 boating are excellent. 
 
 To be reached by the Long Is- 
 land R. R. 
 
 BROCKPORT, N. Y. 
 With 4,000 inhabitants, is situated 
 on the Erie Canal, 70 miles from 
 Rochester. It is the seat of the State 
 Normal School, in a splendid 
 building. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 Is situated at the mouth of Buffalo 
 River, and head of Niagara River, 
 
 at the east end of Lake Erie, pos- 
 sessing the largest and finest harbor 
 on the Lake. It has 256,000 in- 
 habitants. The city is well built; 
 the prmcipal streets are Main, Nia- 
 gara, Seneca, Broadway, North Lin- 
 wood and Delaware Avenues, they 
 are bordered with shade trees the 
 same as the public squares, of which 
 Niagara, Lafayette, Franklin Squares 
 ai-e in the busiest section of the 
 city. Lafayette Square contains a 
 Soldiers Monument. 
 
 The noteworthy public buildings 
 are the Custom House, Post Office 
 at the cor. of Washington and 
 Seneca Sts., the Board of Trade 
 Building in Seneca St., the State 
 Arsenal in Broadway, the Erie County 
 Penitentiary, and the General Hos- 
 pital. The City and County Hall is 
 a splendid granite edifice fronting 
 on Franklin Square. Prominent 
 church buildings are the Roman Ca- 
 tholic, St. Joseph's Cathedral in 
 Franklin St., and the Episcopal St. 
 Paul's in Pearl St., and Trinity in 
 Delaware Ave. 
 
 The most prominent educational 
 institutions are the Medical College 
 of the University of Buffalo in Mam 
 St., Canisius College in Washington 
 St., the Buffalo Law School, St. 
 Joseph College, St. Mary's Academy 
 and the State Normal School, in 
 Jersey St. The Baffalo Library with 
 77,000 volumes, tho Buffalo Historical 
 Societ)', the Buffalo Fine Arts Aca- 
 demy, and the Society of Natural 
 Sciences are all in an imposing 
 structure on Lafayette Square. In 
 the same square is also Grosvenor 
 Library, containing 35,000 volumes 
 chiefly important books not easy to 
 be found else where. The principal 
 places of amusement are the Music 
 Hall in Main St., Star Theatre in 
 Mohawk and Pearl Sts., the Academy 
 of Music in Main St., Corrinne's 
 Lyceum in Washington St., and the 
 Court Street Theatre. 
 
 The State Insane Asylum in Forest 
 Ave. adjoins the Buffalo Park, visit- 
 ors are admitted every Thursday, 
 Buffalo possesses a superb Public 
 Park; the land embraces about 512 
 acres and is divided into three ploti 
 situated in the western, northern, 
 and eastern part of the city, with 
 
 208 
 
J. A. ATHIS, SAMPLE ROOM 
 
 Cor. rV. DiTision & Oak Str. 
 
 34 
 
 B UFF All O. 
 
 broad Boulevards forming'- a con- 
 tin ous drive of over 10 jnilee. 
 
 The Forest Lawn Cemetery, bound- 
 ed on two sides by the park, contains 
 some fine monuments, and near the 
 entrance is the eleborate Crematory 
 erected in 1883. In the northern 
 part of Buffalo, at Black Rock, the 
 magnificent international Bridge 
 crosses the Niagara River; the bridge 
 was completed in 1873 at a cost of 
 $ 1,000,000, 
 
 Buffalo is by its situation an im- 
 portant manufacturing and railroad 
 center, it is a terminus of the Erie 
 Canal., New York Central R. R., the 
 Erie R. R., the West Shore R. R., 
 the Delaware, Lackawanna & West- 
 ern R. R., the Lehigh & Valley 
 R. R., and Michigan Central. 
 
 The city has a water-front of 
 several miles upon the lake and 
 rivers. The chief manufactures are 
 starch, soap, lumber, iron, tin, brass, 
 and copper ware. Buffalo possesses 
 several lai-ge breweries, and the 
 cattle and coal interests have devel- 
 oped rapidly. A portion of the 
 nver front is a bold bluff called the 
 Front, it affords fine views of the 
 river, lake, and city. Several com- 
 panies of U. S. Infantry are 
 stationed here in barracks. 
 
 Agents of the Norih German Lloyd : 
 Gertnan Bank, 447 Main St., 
 Buffalo N. Y. 
 
 H. T. Jaeger, 309 Main St., 
 Buffalo N. Y. 
 
 / W.Klatick, 64 Exchange St., 
 coi., Elliott St., Buffalo N. Y. 
 
 H. A. Thomas, City Office N. Y. 
 Cent Buffalo N. Y. 
 
 CANANDAIGUA, N. Y. 
 
 A pretty town of 8,000 inhab- 
 itants, at the N. end of Canandaigua 
 Lake. It is the northern terminus of 
 the Northern Central R. R. of the 
 Pennsylvania system, 28 miles from 
 Rochester. Canandaigua Lake is 
 very long and narrow and deep. 
 
 bordered by numerous vine-yards. 
 It is visited much in summer. To 
 be reached from New York, by the 
 N. Y. C. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 CATSKILL, N. Y. 
 
 The village occupies an elevated 
 aud picturesque site, at the mouth 
 of Catskill Creek, and has 5,000 
 inhabitants. 
 
 To be reached by the West Shore 
 R. R. The scenery in the neighbor- 
 hood is very pleasing. 
 
 CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, N. Y. 
 
 When Rip Van Winkle awoke 
 from his long slumber and cast his 
 eyes about him, they fell upon moun- 
 tains and valleys which were destined 
 in later years to become among the 
 most noted of America's summer 
 retreats. 
 
 It is true, fashion and wealth have 
 invaded these mountains fastnesses, 
 and erected palatial hotels and hand- 
 some chateaux, where srmimer idlers 
 pass their leisure hours; but they 
 have respected the primeval forest 
 and their pristine beauty, and there 
 still remain the quiet roads, the 
 sparkling streams, and the cloud- 
 capped peaks which were the fami- 
 liar companions of Irving's heroes. 
 
 It is eminently a land of song and 
 story, a region whose legends, im- 
 mortalized by America's finest, story- 
 teller, win live to give pleasure to 
 young and old as long as the moun- 
 tains stand and the lordly Hudson 
 rolls on to the sea by their feet. 
 
 As a summering point tbe Cats- 
 kills are growing more in favor 
 every season. Increased accommo- 
 dations for the host of visitors are 
 made each year, and the region now 
 contains some of the finest and larg- 
 est hotels in the land. 
 
 Aparl^ from these there is a large 
 number of smaller places, as well 
 as isolated countiy homes, suited to 
 the tastes and purses of every one. 
 To be reached by the Day Line 
 Steamers, or the West Shore R. R. 
 
 269 
 
CHAUTAUQUA, POINT CHAU- 
 TAUQUA, OR CELORON, N. Y 
 
 The town of Chautauqua is situated 
 on the gently-sloping shores of the 
 lake, filled and surrounded with 
 beautiful trees and groves. 
 
 The atmosphere never becomes 
 heated; cool and invigorating breezes 
 ever blow; and among its groves 
 and along the lakeside are scattered 
 over five hundred beautiful villas 
 where summer visitors live and enjoy 
 the pervading sweetness of the place. 
 Fireworks, illuminations, and band 
 concerts are among the treats pro- 
 vided, while those who court out- 
 door sports, will find tennis, rowing, 
 sailing, bathing, and fishing to then- 
 satisfaction. The shores of the lake 
 are in high favor as camping grounds 
 for summer pai'ties. 
 
 Chautauqua Lake is situated m 
 the centre of Chantauqua County, 
 at the western extremity of the State 
 of New York. It is thirteen hundred 
 feet above the sea, seven hundred 
 feet above Lake Erie, and less than 
 three miles distant, and is claimed 
 to be the most elevated body of 
 navigable water on the continent. 
 
 To be reached by the Western 
 New York & Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 CLIFTON SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 Clifton Springs are well known 
 throughout the country through the 
 fame of their waters, which have 
 proven efficacious in many seemingly 
 hopeless cases. Here is located the 
 celebrated Clifton Springs Sanitarium, 
 whose accommodations for visitors 
 are all modern and of the most com- 
 fortable description. 
 
 Clifton is situated in Ontario 
 County, eleven miles from Canan- 
 daigua, and about thirteen miles 
 from Geneva. 
 
 It is within easy reach of Seneca 
 Lake, Watkins Glen, and other pleas- 
 ant places of this region. 
 
 To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R. and New York Central 
 & Hud. Riv; R. R, 
 
 COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. 
 Situated at the S. end of Otsego 
 Lake, with a population of 2,657. 
 The situation of the village renders 
 
 it a charming summer resort. 
 Cooperstown was the home of the 
 novelist, J. Fenimore Cooper. The 
 site of the old Cooper mansion 
 (burned in 1854) is still pointed out; 
 the Tomb of Cooper is near Christ 
 Church, which also contains hand- 
 some memorial windows. A mile 
 from the village is Lakewood Ceme- 
 tery containing the Cooper Monu- 
 ment, made of Italian marble, 25 ft. 
 high, and surmounted by a statue of 
 Leather-Stocking. On the W. shore 
 of the lake, 2 miles from the village, 
 is Hannahs Hill (so called after 
 Cooper's daughter). Mt. Vision, 2 
 miles from the village, commands a 
 fine view of the lake and adjacent 
 country. 
 
 CORNING, N. Y. 
 A thriving manufacturing town 
 of 9,000 inhabitants. On the Cliemung 
 River. It is situated 29 1 miles from 
 New York, by the Erie R. R., and 
 is an important railroad center. 
 
 CORTLAND, N. Y. 
 
 A thriving town of 8,000 inhab- 
 itants, the seat of the State Normal 
 School. 
 
 To be reached by the Erie R. R- 
 
 DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
 
 This most flourishing village is 
 situated in Livingston County, in 
 the well-known Genesee Valley, 
 celebrated for its salubrious climate. 
 
 Numerous glens, cascades, lakelets, 
 and brooks surround the village, 
 making it a very popular summer 
 resort for those who would rest and 
 free themselves from the excitement 
 of fashionable watering places. It 
 is also the site of the DansviUe 
 Sanitarium, which is one of the 
 best appointed health institutions in 
 America. To be reached by the 
 Pennsylvania R. R. and Delaware, 
 Lackawanna & Western R. R. 
 
 DUNKIRK, N. Y. 
 town 9,500 inhabitants. 
 
 A town 9,500 inhabitants, on 
 Lake Erie, 460 miles from New York. 
 It is an important railroad junction, 
 and has a safe harbor protection by 
 a breakwater. Dunkirk has impor- 
 tant trade and manufactures. Reached 
 from New York by the Erie R. R. 
 
 270 
 
ELMIRA, N. Y. 
 A city of 30,000 inhabitants, 274 
 miles from New York, by the Erie 
 R. R. It has extensive manufacturing 
 inteiests, among which, the , most 
 prominent are the Elmira Iron and 
 Steel RoUing-Mills; the engine works 
 of B. W. Payne & Sons, and the 
 car-shops of the R. R. The prin- 
 cipal thoroughfare is Water St. 
 Noteworthy buildings are the Court- 
 House, and the Elmira Female 
 College; the State Reformatory, and 
 the Southern Tier Orphan's Home 
 are located here. E. of the city is 
 the Elmira Water-Cure. The city is 
 situated on the Chemung River. 
 
 FISHER'S ISLAND, N. Y. 
 Fisher's Island is situated in the 
 Atlantic Ocean; just east of Long 
 Island Sound, and eight miles from 
 New London, Conn., accessible by 
 steamer three or four times a day. 
 Its growing popularity is attributed 
 to its cool breezes, the splendid sea 
 prospect, its healthfulness and the 
 excellent fishing and sailing which 
 ♦he surrounding waters afford. There 
 ue three hotels, besides boarding 
 houses and cottages, where visitors 
 can always find accommodations. 
 
 FISHKILL, N. Y., 
 A pretty village with a popula- 
 tion of 4,000 on the Hudson, op- 
 posite Newburg, with which it is 
 connected by ferry. 
 
 GENEVA, N. Y. 
 
 At the outlet qf beautiful Lake 
 Seneca, surrounded by fertile fai-ms 
 and vineyards, is Geneva, a city of 
 ten thousand inhabitants. 
 
 Here was the principal seat 
 of the brave Senecas, and many 
 evidences of Indian occupation still 
 remain, including a cemetery not 
 yet disturbed by farmer's plow. 
 
 Seneca Lake, thirty-six miles long 
 and two miles wide, encompassed 
 by sloping hills, is one of the larg- 
 est and most beautiful lakes in New- 
 York State. The Geneva Lithia 
 Springs have a world-wide reput- 
 ation. 
 
 GLEN COVE, N. Y. 
 
 A highly popular summer resort, 
 to be reached from New York, by 
 steamer or by the Long Island R. R. 
 
 GLEN FALLS, N. Y. 
 This beautiful village, situated 
 near a picturesque fall of the Hudson 
 River, is intimately associated with 
 recollections of ITncas, the last of 
 the Mohicans, and Hawkeye, so 
 graphically portrayed in Cooper's 
 romance. It was also the scene of 
 a decisive battle between the French 
 and English in 1755. 
 
 HAVERSTRAW, N. Y. 
 170 miles from New York, via 
 West Shore R. R., with a population 
 of 5,170, on Haverstraw .Bay. It 
 has extensive brick - works. Nearby 
 :are the Rampo Hills, affording 
 picturesque scenery. 
 
 ; HOMER, N. Y. 
 
 A prosperous village oi 4,000 
 linhabitants, situated near the Little 
 YorkLakes. Reached by thePennsyl- 
 vania R. R., and Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna & Western R. R. 
 
 HORNELLSVILLE, N. Y. 
 An important railroad center, 
 with 11,000 inhabitants. To be 
 reached by the Erie Railroad. 
 332 miles from New York. 
 
 HUDSON, N. Y. 
 A thriving town on the E. side 
 of the Hudson River, with a popula- 
 tion of 10,000. 5 miles from Hudson 
 are the Columbia Springs; Prospect 
 Hill, 500 ft. high, is near the city 
 From here fine view of the Catskills 
 To be reached by steam-boat, or 
 by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 ITHACA, N. Y. 
 
 One of the most beautiful cities 
 in the State, situated at the head of 
 Cayuga Lake, and has a population 
 of 11,000. 
 
 The buildings of Cornell Univers- 
 ity, on the hills E. of the village, 
 400 ft. above the lake, are worth a 
 
 271 
 
visit. The institution was founded 
 ill 1865. Its libraries contain 186,680 
 volumes. 
 
 In the vicinity of the village there 
 are no less than 15 cascades and 
 waterfalls, varing from 30 to 160 ft. 
 in height. 
 
 Ithaca Fall, 150 ft. broad and 160 
 ft. high is about a mile distant, in 
 Ithaca Gorge, and is said to contain 
 vp'ithin the space of a mile more 
 waterfalls than any place in America. 
 
 To be reached by the N. Y. Cen. 
 & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 JAMESTOWN, N. Y. 
 
 A city of 16,000 inhabitants. 
 Reached by the Erie S3'stem. 
 
 A popular summer resort, on 
 Chautaucjua Lake, and has a hand- 
 some Opera'^House. 
 
 KINGSTON, N. Y. 
 Is situated on the W. shore of 
 the Hudson, 89 miles from New York. 
 It has 21,000 inhabitants, and is a 
 point of departure for the Catskill 
 Mountains. Opposite Kingston, is 
 Rhinecliff; in Rhinecliff is the Beek- 
 man House, nearly 500 years old, 
 an excellent specimen of an old Dutch 
 Homestead. Kingston may by reached 
 by the following routes : N. Y. Cen. 
 & Hud. Riv. R. R., to Rhinecliff, 
 crossing the river by ferry; by the 
 AVest Shore R. R., and by steamer. 
 
 LAKE GEORGE (CALDWELL), 
 N. Y. 
 
 Lake George has long been one 
 of the most popular resorts with 
 the elite of America. It is undoubt- 
 edly the handsomest as well as the 
 most celebrated of the many beautiful 
 lakes of this country, and has often 
 been called the "American Como". 
 In addition to its own superior 
 beauty, and romantic associations, 
 it was the scene of many fierce act- 
 ions during the French and Indian 
 Revolutionary Wars, as well as many 
 bloody encounters between the early 
 settlers and the Indians. 
 
 Caldwell is the distributing point 
 for tourists on Lak6 George, and 
 "The Sagamore" the capital, where 
 representative people congregate from 
 all parts of the earth. 
 
 A steamer runs to Baldwin, at the 
 north end of the lake, through some 
 of the most beautiful scenery in the 
 world. The number of islands in 
 Lake George is popular^ supposed 
 to correspond with the number of 
 days in the year. On many of these 
 islands are pretty cottages, and along 
 the shores of the lake are scattered 
 hotels. 
 
 A cable road from Caldwell to the 
 summit of Prospect Mountain has 
 recently been completed and affords 
 an elegant view of the surrounding 
 country. 
 
 This peerless lake is thirty-fiye 
 miles long and in some places foiu- 
 miles wide. 
 
 To be reached by the New York 
 Central & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 LAKE MINNEWASKA, N. Y. 
 
 This charming settlement is located 
 on the simrmit of the Shawangmik 
 Mountains, ten miles southwest of 
 New Paltz. 
 
 The lake is much larger than 
 Mohonk, and is surrounded by the 
 same extraordinary bluffs and masses 
 of tumbled rocks. 
 
 Lake Minnewaska is noticeable for 
 the magnificent broken bluffs at its 
 eastern borders. They are suffici- 
 ently high to possess decided giand- 
 eur, and are remarkably varied in 
 outline. The accommodations at the 
 lake are the best. To be reached 
 by the West Shore R. R. 
 
 LAKE MOHONK, N. Y. 
 
 At an altitude of twelve hundred 
 feet above the Hudson, in a deep 
 rocky recess of the mountain, lies 
 Lake Mohonk, one of the most 
 delightful of highland lakes. It is 
 about three-quarters of a mile long, 
 deep, clear, and surrounded by head- 
 long precipices. The whole moun- 
 tain is a vast tumble of rock, piled 
 in fantastic confusion and seamed 
 with deep ravines and dark chasms. 
 Thick clumps of laurel and pine 
 relieve the grey monotony and 
 render the mountain side a picture 
 of rugged beauty. 
 
 From the summit of the mountain 
 may be traced the winding course 
 of the Hudson and the distant line 
 
 272 
 
of the Green Mountains, and for 
 fifty miles the western horizon is 
 lined with piled-np walls of azure. 
 To be reached by the West Shore 
 R. R. 
 
 LANSINGBURG, N. Y. 
 A thriving manufacturing town 
 of 11,000 inhabitants, on the Hudson 
 River. To be reached by the 
 Delaware & Hudson R. R. 
 
 LIBERTY, N. Y. 
 
 One of the most popular summer 
 resorts in New York State, situated 
 fifteen hundred and seventy-eight 
 feet above tide water, in the valley 
 of the Middle Mongaup. The 
 high altitude, with its cool, health- 
 imparting breezes, combine to 
 make Liberty very desirable as a 
 summer home. 
 
 To be reached by the New York, 
 Ontai-io & Western R. R. 
 
 LITTLE FALLS, N. Y. 
 A place of 9,000 inhabitants, and 
 remai^kable for the bold passage 
 of the Mohawk River and Canal, 
 through avery picturesque defile. The 
 river falls at this point 45 ft. and 
 affords good water - power for 
 manufactiu-es. To be reached by the 
 N. Y. Cen. & Hud Riv. R. R., 73 
 miles from Albany. 
 
 LOCKPORT, N. Y.' 
 Situated at the point where the 
 Erie Canal descends by ten double 
 locks from the level of Lake Erie 
 to the Genessee level. By means of 
 these locks an enormous water-power 
 is obtained, utilized by the factories 
 and flour-mills. The city has 
 16,000 inhabitants, and is famous for 
 its lime-stone quarries. Reached by 
 the N. Y. Central R. R. 
 
 LYONS, N. Y. 
 A pretty town of 6,000 inhab- 
 itants. And the capital of Wajme 
 County. To be reached by the N. Y. 
 Central R. R. 
 
 MALONE, N. Y. 
 A thriving town of 5,000 inhab- 
 itants. 173 miles from Herkimer via 
 the Adirondack & St. Lawrence 
 
 R. R. It is also a station of the 
 Central Vermont R. R. 
 
 MASSENA SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 The spi^ings are situated on 
 Raquette River, one mile from the 
 village of Massena, just on the 
 borderland of the great Adirondack 
 i"egion, so dear to the heart of every 
 lover of sport, and so attractive to 
 the worshiper of nature. Even in 
 aboriginal days the Indians observed 
 the peculiar qualities of the water, 
 which was much sought after by 
 deer and moose on account of its 
 saline impregnations, and when the 
 earth around the springs became 
 trodden into mire it gave out a 
 sulphurous smell, whereupon the 
 unsentimental red men gave it a 
 jaw-breaking name, answering in 
 English to "the-place-where-the-mud- 
 smells-badly." 
 
 The surroundings are rich in 
 beautiful scenery. 
 
 To be reached by the New Yoik, 
 Central & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 MEDINA, N. Y. 
 
 41 miles from Rochester, by the 
 N. Y. Central Railroad., a town of 
 4,000 inhabitants. Noted for its 
 quarries of Red sand-stone. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 
 A flourishing town with a popula- 
 tion of 12,000, 73 miles from New 
 York, at the junction of the Erie 
 R. R., and the N. Y. Susquehanna 
 & Western R. R. and the N. Y., Ont. 
 & W. R. R. It is the seat of the 
 Homoeopathic State Insane As}dum. 
 where are also several iron and 
 woolen manufactures. 
 
 NEWBURG. N. Y. 
 
 This city of 23,000 inhabitants is 
 situated on the N. shore of the 
 Hudson ; the river forms here a broad 
 expanse called Newbnrg Bay. New- 
 burg is of historical interest. During 
 the Revolution it was the theatre 
 of many important events. Wash- 
 ington' sHeadqtiarterszxi old mansion, 
 S. of the city, is still preserved as a 
 museum of historical relics. 
 
 To be reached either by steamer, 
 or by the New York Central & 
 Hudson River R. R. 
 
 273 
 
Internatioiial Hot" 
 
 Niagara Falls, H. Y. 
 
 19 
 
 The Largest and Best Hotel at Niagara Falls 
 
 June to November. Rates Doll. ^,^0 to Doll, s, 00. 
 
 fBE NEAREST HOTEL to the Great Cataract. From its rooms and 
 broad piazzas unequaled views of the Rapids, Islands and Falls, 
 may be had. Open from June to November. Tlie prices are moderati' 
 and definite. 
 
 Accommodation for 600. From a sanitary standpoint Niagara 
 Falls is one of the healthiest spots in America. The quantity of ozone in 
 the air, owing to its constant renewal and agitation, is exceptionally large. 
 It has never been visited by an epidemic. It is one of the most favorable 
 spots for children in summer in the world. Special rates for families. 
 
 For terms and further information Address MinA«i»« Unllff M V 
 
 International Hotel Co., Jliagara failS, Jl. I. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 see page 284. 
 
 NIAGARA FALI,S. 
 Can be reached by different rail- 
 roads. One of the best ways is by 
 the New York Central to Buffalo 
 and Michigan Central from there to 
 
 FALLS VIEW. 
 Where the Michigan Central trains 
 reach the Niagara River and stop 
 five minutes for passengers to 
 disembark and enjoy from the 
 elevated station the magnificent view. 
 The station is some hundred and 
 fifty feet above and directly over- 
 looking Queen Victoria Park and 
 the Horseshoe Fall. 
 
 NIAGARA falls; Ontario. 
 A short distance north of Falls 
 View. A steep paved street leads 
 down from the station to the 
 Clifton House (300) finely located 
 on the bluff opposite the American 
 Fall, and in front of the main 
 entrance to Queen Victoria 
 Niagara Falls Park. 
 
 Directly past the Falls and through 
 the Park, runs the electric line of the 
 Niagara Falls Park and River Ry., 
 extending along the river bank from' 
 Chippawa toQueenston, and affording 
 from its open cars beautiful views 
 of the upper rapids and falls, the 
 wbulpool, the lower gorge and outlet 
 of the river. The magnificeni 
 panorama from Queenston heiglilJ 
 is one of remarkable beauty. The 
 line is 13 miles long, and the rate 
 from Chippewa to Queenston 40 cents, 
 or 75 cents for the round trip. 
 
 Clifton, two miles down the river, 
 is at the and of the steel cantahver 
 bridge of the M. C. The Cantaliver 
 Bridge is 910 feet in length, and 
 nearly 250 feet above the water. In 
 crossing it, the passenger has a fine 
 view of the falls upon one side, and 
 the whirlpool rapids on the other. 
 These rapids are reached at the 
 water edge, on both sides of the 
 river, by means of elevators on the 
 face of the cliff; but the view from 
 the Ajnerican side is considered the 
 finest. A mile below Clifton is the 
 whirlpool, where the river near its 
 ancient outlet has cut a new channel 
 
 274^ 
 
;ARVEY 
 
 HOUSE 
 
 Cor. Third and Palls Street 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. 
 
 2 
 
 STRICTLY FIRST CLASS ''"'' ^"'""^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ *" "'''"'**• 
 
 Rates $2 Per Day-Free Bus. Jokfl Muloney, Prop. 
 
 through the rock at right angles to 
 its foiiner course. 
 
 Suspension Bridge is at the 
 American end of the cantaliver. 
 
 Niagara Falls New York, is two 
 mUes south of Suspension Bridge. 
 This however, includes Suspension 
 Bridge, and contains numerous 
 manufactories, fine residences and 
 
 great hotels. Here too, is the State 
 .eservation, by means of which the 
 State of New York has freed from 
 the greed of private gain and 
 restored to their natural beauty the 
 shores and islands of the river. 
 Goat Inland, the Sister Island, and 
 Luna-Island are delightful loitering 
 places, and afford beautiful and 
 varied views of the rapids and the 
 falls. 
 
 It is from Goat Island, that the 
 tourist crosses over to Luna Island 
 and descends the spiral staircase 
 leading to the Cave of the Winds; 
 while from the opposite angle he 
 descends to Terrapm Rocks, . where 
 formerly stood the old tower. 
 
 Recrossing to the main line, by 
 the bridge over the American 
 rapids, you find in the State Resei-va- 
 
 tion an inclined railway that takes 
 you to the foot of the American 
 fall. Near by is the dock of the 
 Maid of the Mist, a staunch little boat 
 that struggles against the mighty 
 current, past the front of the 
 American fall and rocky palisade of 
 Goat Island, into the surging vortex 
 below the great Horseshoe, where 
 she turns and flies down stream to 
 her harbor ' at the foot of the cliff, 
 on Canada side. 
 
 A little way below the boat landing, 
 on the American side, is the outlet 
 of the great tunnel, twenty-nine feet 
 wide by eighteen feet in . height, 
 forming a part of the greatest piece 
 of hydraulic engineering in the 
 world. The tunnel is cut througli 
 the solid rock, at a depth of 200 
 feet below the city, from a point a 
 mile and a quarter above ihe falls, 
 where the intake diverts into the 
 shaft but an inappreciable portion 
 of the river, which yet produces, 
 through the great turbine wheels, the 
 largest ever constructed, fifteen 
 thousand horse-power, and the 
 facilities are being rapidly developed 
 to bring this force up to a hundred 
 
 TEMPERANCE HOUSE 
 
 H. HUBBS, Prop. 
 
 3 SECOND STREET, opp. N.Y. C. Depol 
 
 Terms per Day. $ 1.50 and % 2.00. NIAGARA FALLS , N. Y. 
 
 UNITED STATES HOTEL 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y. Cor. Falls and Second Sts. 
 
 DIRECTLY OPPOSITE NEW YORK CENTRAL DEPOT. TERMS: $2,00 PER DAY. 
 4 French and German spoken. ADC. RICKERT, Proorietor. 
 
 275 
 
thousand horse-power. This givhig 
 a wonderful impetus to manufactures 
 ill the vicinity, as well as in Buffalo, 
 Lockport and even more distant 
 points. 
 
 The extortionate charges at Niagara 
 Falls, usually very much exaggerated, 
 have been almost wholly abated. 
 Hack fai-es are governed by a 
 strictly enforced ordinance, and by 
 making a bargain with the driver 
 less than the legal rates can fre- 
 quently be obtained. Anyone who 
 is swindled at Niagara Falls should 
 not visit any large cit}'- or popular 
 resort without a guardian. Carriages 
 can be obtained of the Miller & 
 Brundage Coach Comgany at fixed 
 and very reasonable rates. Park vans 
 make the round of the State Reserva- 
 tion for 25 cents, and passengers 
 ma)r alight at any number of points 
 and continue the trip by a sub- 
 sequent vehicle. On the American 
 side, however, most people if strong 
 and healthy will prefer walking. 
 The trip on the Maid of the Mist 
 costs 50 cents; the visit to the Cave 
 of the Winds, including waterproof 
 and guides, $ 1,— and the descent 
 to the bottom of the Horseshoe Fall 
 on the Canada side, 50 cents. The 
 toll over the new suspension foot 
 and carriage bridge is 10 cents in 
 one direction or 15 cents for the 
 round trip. 
 
 On the American side, the electric 
 cars of the Niagara Falls and Lewis- 
 ton Railway start from the foot of 
 Falls Street and gradually descend 
 the gorge just above the cantaliver 
 bridge. From this point to Lewiston, 
 the river bank is closely followed 
 but a few feet above the water, 
 passing directly by the whirlpool it 
 self and the long succession of the 
 lower rapids. The fare one way is 
 30 cents (less than was formerly 
 charged to descend to the whirlpool 
 rapids alone], or 60 cents for the 
 round trip. The fare by the Lewiston 
 branch of the New York Central is 
 32 cents one \i'ay and 60 cents for 
 the round trip, excepting from June 
 1st to September 30th, when the one 
 way rate is 20 cents, and for the 
 round trip, 25 cents. 
 
 The principal hotels at Niagara 
 Falls, N. Y., are the Cataract; Interna- 
 
 tional, 1 rospect, Imperial, Kaltenbach, 
 Harway House, Temperance House 
 and United vStates Hotel. 
 
 NORWICH, N. Y. 
 A tovra of 5.212 inhabitants, 225 
 miles from New York, at the junc- 
 tion of the Delaware, Lackawanna & 
 Western R. R. with the N. Y., Ont. 
 & W. R. R. Has a number of 
 machine-shops, tool -works, blast- 
 furnaces, founderies, breweries, tan- 
 neries, etc. Noteworthy buildings 
 are a handsome Court-House, eight 
 nicely located chirrches, and several 
 banks. 
 
 NYACK, N. Y. 
 A popular suburban place of 
 New York Cit)% on the Hudson, op- 
 posite Tarrytown, the terminus 
 of a branch of the Erie road. 
 
 OGDENSBURG, N. Y. 
 A city of 12,000 inhabitants, with 
 important grain interests. Situated 
 on the St. Lawrence River, 77 miles 
 from Kingston. To be reached by 
 the N. Y. Central Railroad, to Utica, 
 and thence by the Rome, Watertown 
 & Ogdensburg R. R. 
 
 ONEIDA, N. Y. 
 Near Oneida Lake, has a popula- 
 tion of 6.000. South from the lake 
 is a reservation of the Oneida Indians. 
 Oneida is reached by the N. Y. Cen. 
 & Hud. Riv. R. R. 263 miles from 
 New York. 
 
 ONEONTA, N. Y. 
 
 A town of 6,000 inhabitants, 82 
 
 miles from Albany, by the Delaware, 
 
 & Hudson R. R. Important for its 
 
 commerce in grain and rolling-mills. 
 
 OSWEGO, N.Y. 
 
 The chief harbor on Lake Ontario, 
 and has a population of 22,000. 
 
 The city is divided by the Oswego 
 River, which is spanned by 3 brid- 
 ges. The principal public buildings 
 are, the handsome Custom-House, 
 the City Hall, the County - Court- 
 House, the State Almory, and the 
 City Library. There are several 
 handsome school buildings and 
 
 276 
 
ch.urclies. Oswego has two public 
 parks, one on each side of the river. 
 The streets are regularly laid out 
 and shaded beautifully. The city is 
 an important commercial center, and 
 immense quantities of grain and 
 lumber are received and shipped 
 here. 
 
 It has large flour mills, and one 
 of the largest Starch Factories in the 
 world, besides foundries, iron works, 
 malt-houses, etc. 
 
 In First St., is the Deep Rock 
 Spring; the spacious Doolittle House 
 has been erected over it to accom- 
 modate invalids and others. 
 
 The harbor of Oswego is defended 
 by Fort Ontario, on the E. shore, 
 open to visitors. Oswego is a terminus 
 of the N. Y., Ontario & Western 
 R. R., Delaware, Lackawanna & 
 Western R. R.. and the Rome, 
 Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R. 
 
 OWEGO, N. Y. 
 
 Is a town of 9,000 inhabitants, 
 situated on the Susquehanna River, 
 at the mouth of Owego Creek. 
 On the N. side of the Susque- 
 hanna River on a hill is Evergreen 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Near- the town on Owego Creek, 
 is Glenmary, where N. P. Willis 
 lived. Owego is an important rail- 
 way center, and is reached from 
 New York by the Erie R. R. 
 
 PATCHOGUE, N. Y. 
 
 Patchogue is a thriving town of 
 six thousand inhabitants, situated on 
 the south shoi"e of Long Island and 
 on the Great South Bay, fifty-five 
 miles from New York- It is a port 
 of entry as well as a boat-building 
 center. The surrormding countr}^, 
 with its woodland streams and forest 
 of timber, is very attractive, and the 
 entire region is noted for its health- 
 fulness. Patchogue Lake, a fine 
 body of water, four" miles in length, 
 is near by, and the numerous ponds 
 and streams in the immediate vicinity 
 supply an abundance of trout, perch, 
 bass, and other fresh-water fish. 
 
 This is one of the most popular 
 summering towns on the Atlantic 
 coast. 
 
 Boating, bathing, and fishing are 
 enjoyed to the fullest extent. 
 
 The accomodations for the enter- 
 tainment (Of visitors are ample. 
 
 It is a pleasant as well as an 
 inexpensive place to live in and is 
 reached by twelve trains daily from 
 New York. 
 
 PEEKSKILL, N. Y. 
 A pretty towTi on the Hudson, at 
 the mouth of Annsville Creek, 42 
 miles from New York City. It is the 
 site of the State Camp of the National 
 Guards. The place has 10,000 
 inhabitants, and is reached by steamer, 
 or by the N. Y. Cen. & HLud. Riv. 
 R. R. 
 
 PENN YAN, N. Y. 
 
 A pretty town of 4,000 inhab- 
 itants, at the foot of Lake Kauka. 
 
 Reached from New York, by the 
 Erie R. R., and the Northern Central. 
 
 Lake Kauka is 18 miles long, one 
 and a half miles wide. The scenery 
 along the shore is extremely pic- 
 turesque. 
 
 PLATTSBURG, N. Y. 
 Plattsburg is situated on the 
 western shore of Lake Chaniplain, 
 at the mouth of the Saranac River. 
 It is a beautiful town of about eight 
 thousand inhabitants, and was ren- 
 dered famous by the battle which 
 took place there on the 11th of 
 September, 1814, when the Americans, 
 under Macdonough and' -Macomb, 
 destroyed the British fleet and twenty- 
 five hundred men. To be reached 
 by the Delaware & Hudson R. R. 
 
 PORT JERVIS, N. Y. 
 88 miles from New York, via the 
 Erie R. R., with a population of 
 9,327, situated at the confluence 
 of the Neversink and Delaware Riv- 
 ers. Here are located extensive rafl- 
 road-shops, and it is the terminus 
 of the E. division of the Erie road. 
 The village is a pretty one and 
 many summer visitors are attracted 
 to it. Ascending from the village is 
 Point Peter, which afibrds a fine 
 view over the Neversink and Dela- 
 ware Valleys. The Falls of the 
 Sawkill are located 6 miles distant, 
 
 277 
 
where a mountain-brook is precipit- 
 ated 80 ft. over perpendicular ledges 
 of slate-rock into a romantic gorge. 
 
 POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 
 
 Poughkeepsie is a thriving com- 
 mercial and manufacturing city of 
 about twenty-five thousand inhab- 
 itants. It is situated on the eastern 
 sliore of the Hudson, seventy-four 
 miles above New York. Two miles 
 to the east is the famous 
 Vassar College, one of the largest 
 exclusively temale colleges in the 
 country. Prominent among the 
 features of Poughkeepsie is the great 
 cantilever bridge which crosses the 
 Hudson at this point. In height, 
 length, and architectural grandeur, it 
 bears comparison with any of the 
 bridges of the country. 
 
 To be reached by the Day Line 
 Steamers or the New York Central 
 & Hudson River R. R. 
 
 RICHFIELD SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 This famous and fashionable sum- 
 mer resort is situated near the head 
 of Canadorago Lake, in Otsego 
 County, New York. With its eleva- 
 tion of seventeen hundred feet above 
 the sea, nestled among the mountains 
 of Otsego County, neat the center 
 of New York State, it has every 
 natural advantage to make it a 
 chamiing place in which to spend 
 the summer. The surrounding scenery 
 is beautiful. There are lovely drives 
 through the surrounding" country, 
 the most popular one lying around 
 Canadorago Lake, a distance of 
 twelve miles, over a road as smooth 
 as a floor. The lake provides delight- 
 ful boating and fishing. Here has 
 been erected one of the most com- 
 plete bathing establishments in the 
 world. The water is obtained from 
 the celebrated White Sulphui" Springs, 
 and contains bicarbonate and sul- 
 phate of magnesia and lime, sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen gas, and chloride 
 of sodium and magnesia. 
 
 To be reached by the, Delaware, 
 Lackawanna & Western R. R. 
 
 ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
 This city of 134,000 inhabitants 
 
 is reached from New York by the 
 New York Central & Hudson River 
 R. R. It is situated 7 miles from 
 Lake Ontario on the Genesee River, 
 which by a perpendicular fall of 
 nearly a hundred feet, furnishes the 
 water-power for the different manufac- 
 tures of the city. 
 
 Rochester is regularly laid-out; the 
 principal Streets are Lake, East and 
 West Avenues, Main and State Sts. 
 The most noteworthy buildings are 
 the following: the County Court House 
 on W. Main St. is a costly building 
 in the Italian Renaissance style; it 
 contains a valuable Law Library. 
 Back of the Court House is the City 
 Hall, a handsome building with a 
 tower 170 feet high; near-by is 
 the Free Academy. The Young Men's 
 Christian Association is located in a 
 splendid building which cost over 
 $ 150.000. In the eastern part of 
 the city, in University Ave., are the 
 three buildings of the University of 
 Rochester. 
 
 The Geological Cabinets collected 
 by Henry A. Ward, and the Li- 
 brary of 30,000 volumes are famous 
 throughout the country and located in 
 a fine fire-proof building. Rochester 
 possesses also a Baptist Theological 
 Seminary, with a library of some 
 20,000 volumes. The principal hos- 
 pitals are the City Hospital, St. Mary's 
 Hospital, both in West Ave, and the 
 Homeopathic Hospital in Alexander 
 St. The State Industrial School is 
 a large building surrounded by 
 extensive grounds. In N. St. Paul 
 St. is the institution for Deaf Mutes. 
 
 The Powers Building is located al 
 the cor. of W. Main St. In a finelj 
 decorated suite of rooms is a collec- 
 tion of valuable paintings, admission 
 25 cents; on top of the building is 
 a tower, affording a good view of the 
 city and its surroundings ; admission 
 10 cents. 
 
 Rochester is rich in high office 
 buildings, among them are tlie 
 Chamber of Commerce Building, the 
 Granite Block, the EUwanger and 
 Barry Building. There are also some 
 noteworthy chiu'ch edifices. The most 
 important industries are clothing, 
 boots and shoes, engines, agricultural 
 implements, trees, garden and flower 
 seeds. The immense nurseries, iii 
 
 278 
 
which these latter are produced, are 
 well worth a visit. 
 
 Rochester has also an extensive 
 coal and iron trade. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Frank J. Atnsden, Rochester, 
 Under Powers Bank, N. Y. 
 
 G. C. Maurer, 149 E. Main St., 
 Rochester N. Y. 
 
 /. C. Kalbfleisch, N. Y. Central 
 Agt., Rochester N. Y. 
 
 Zimmer & Miller, 2 Smiths Arcade, 
 Rochester N. Y. 
 
 ROME, N. Y. 
 
 Situated at the junction of the 
 Erie and Black River Canal. It has 
 15,000 inhabitants, and is important 
 as a railroad center, and for its 
 lumber. It contains many fine 
 residences. 
 
 Reached by N. Y. Cen. & Hud. 
 Riv. R. R., and Rome, Watertown 
 & Ogdensburg R. R. 
 
 SACK:ETT'S HARBOR, N. Y. 
 On account of its accessibility and 
 the beauty of its surroundings, 
 
 Sac" ett's Harbor has latel)'' come 
 into great favor as a summer resort. 
 It possesses excellent facilities for 
 delightful yachting, and this alone 
 attracts many summer visitors. There 
 are many places of interest within 
 easy reach, among which may be 
 mentioned Kingston (Canada). The 
 Thousand Islands, Alexandria Bay, 
 and Carthage, where Prince Joseph 
 Nepoleon resided in 1829. 
 
 Sackett's Harbor is pleasantly 
 situated at the eastern end of Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 To be reached by the New York 
 Central & Hudson River R. R. 
 
 SAG HARBOR, N. Y. 
 
 A village of 3,000 inhabitants, 
 situated at the head of the picturesque 
 Gardiner's Bay. There are several 
 good hotels. It is 99 miles from 
 New York, on the Long Island R. R., 
 or can be reached by steamer. 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 
 Saratoga, indisputably the greatest 
 of American inland summer resorts, 
 partakes of both the opulence of 
 
 ♦J !♦ 
 
 James R Ruddoy 
 
 Victoria Hotel 
 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 
 
 \ 36 i 
 
 31 
 
 Seltzer Spring 60. 
 
 Saratoga Springs ]^. H* 
 
 T. J.TOTTEN.Florist, nMer tlie Srancl IJiiiou Hotel, SaratopSpriiiEs N.Y. 
 
 279 
 
Xewport and the cosmopolitan fea- 
 ture of Atlantic City. 
 
 Gathered here for a few short 
 weeks each year are the wealth, with 
 beauty, and fashion of the most 
 eminent society. In September of 
 each year is held the great tlora 
 festival, when the whole city is in 
 gala attire. The waters of the various 
 .Saratoga .springs are too well known 
 from Maine to California, to need 
 description here. Suffice it to sa}'', 
 they are extremely powerful, and 
 considered beneficial in chronic 
 dyspepsia and hepatic affections, 
 The principal are; the Congress, 
 celebrated the world over, the Colum- 
 bian, the Washington, sometimes 
 called "the Champagne .Spiings", on 
 account of its pleasant taste; the 
 Hathoru, almost as famous as the 
 Congress; the Pavilion; the United 
 States; the Excelsior; and numerous 
 others in various parts ofthevalle)^ 
 To be reached by the, Delaware & 
 Hudson R. R. 
 
 A ver}'' good hotel is the Victoria 
 Hotel, Mr. Ruddoy, proprietor. The 
 Seltzer Spring Co., established here 
 exports the waters. Flowers are 
 bought best at T.J. Totten's, 10 Grand 
 Union Block. 
 
 SCHENECTADY, N. Y. 
 160 miles from New York b}'' the 
 N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., a city of 
 20,000 inhabitants on the Mohawk 
 River. It is one of the oldest towTis 
 in the State, established by the Dutch 
 in 1620. Union College, founded 
 in 1795, is located here. It has 
 important wool manufactures, iron- 
 works and railroad shops. 
 
 SENECA FALLS, N. Y. 
 
 A manufacturing place of 6,000 
 inhabitants, pleasantly situated at the 
 falls of the .Seneca River. 
 
 To be reached by the, Ts^. Y. 
 Central R. R. 
 
 SHARON SPRINGS, N. Y. 
 Sharon Springs is situated in 
 .Schoharie County, New York, in a 
 romantic valley eleven hundred feet 
 above sea level and surrounded by 
 high hills. Its walks and drives ai'e 
 full of interesting beauty, and from 
 
 the summit of the hill above the 
 village a splendid view may be 
 obtamed. Close at hand are the 
 lovely Tokeharawa Falls and Howe's 
 Cave, a most remaikable subter- 
 ranean cavern. 
 
 A peculiar feature of Sharon is its 
 mud baths, which have been found 
 extremely helpful in cases of rheu- 
 matism. Its springs of chalybeate, 
 magnesia, white and blue sulphur, 
 and its celebrated pine bath, also 
 possess wonderful curative powers. 
 Sharon Springs are to the North, what 
 the ■W^lite Sulphur Springs of West 
 Virginia are to the South. Analyses 
 of the two springs, as well as their 
 beneficial effects, are very similar. 
 To be reached b)^ the, West .Shore 
 R. R. 
 
 SHELTER ISLAND, N. Y. 
 
 Shelter Island, ninety-six miles 
 from New York, is directly 
 opposite Greenport on the Long Is- 
 land Railroad, and connected by 
 ferry-boats which meet all Long Is- 
 land Railroad trains at Greenport 
 Station, from June 1st to October 1st 
 stopping at Manhanset House and 
 Shelter Island Heights. Shelter Is- 
 land is the "Brighton of America", 
 and seems to float dreamlike on the 
 surface of the turquoise sea. The 
 simrmer residents are people in 
 professional life, and constitute a 
 society, that is unrivaled among the 
 cities. 
 
 Boating in all its varied phases, 
 as sailing, sculling, and yachting, 
 are freely indulged in, whilst the 
 facilities for bathing and angling 
 are certainl)^ not to be despised. 
 
 SING SING, N. Y. 
 
 31 miles from New York, via the 
 N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., has a 
 population of 9,352. It is the seat 
 of the famous State Prison. 
 
 It is siUTOunded by mountains, 
 which are crowned by fine villas. 
 Croton Point is 4 miles above on the 
 E. side, Here the Croton River enters 
 the Hudson; 6 miles up the stream, 
 is Croton Lake, which supplies the 
 metropolis with water. 
 
 The lake is formed by a dam 40yt. 
 liigh, 70 ft. thick, 250 ft. long. The 
 
 280 
 
famous Croton Aqueduct conveys the 
 water to New York. 
 
 SYRACUSE, N. Y. 
 
 An important manufacturing citj 
 with a population of 88,000. It is 
 pleasantly situated at the S. end of 
 Onondaga Lake. The principal build- 
 ings are the Government Building, 
 the Court House, Clerk's Office, the 
 High School, the Home for Old 
 Ladies, the State Asylum for Idiots, 
 and the Orphan Asylum. On^ a hill 
 to the E. of the city, the Sy/acuse 
 University has three elegant build- 
 ings and an observatory. 
 
 The famous Von Ranke Historical 
 Library is located here. Syracuse 
 contains also some beautiful church 
 edifices. The Penitentiary is on a 
 hill in the N. E. part of the city. 
 The Onondaga Lake is 6 miles^ long 
 and about one and a half wide. To 
 the S. lies the reservation of the few 
 remaining Onondaga Indians. On 
 the shore of the lake are the famous 
 Salt Works. Syracuse is midway 
 between Albany and Buffalo, and for 
 this reason it is called the Central 
 City. 
 
 To be reached from New York, 
 by the N. Y. Cen & Hud R. R. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 W. C. Br ay ton, D. L. & W. R. 
 
 R., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 O. E. Jenkins, 127 E. Washington 
 
 St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 
 An attractive village on tlie 
 Hudson, with 4,000 inhabitants. The 
 place where Andre was arrested, is 
 marked by an inscription. In the 
 vicinity of the village occured many 
 fights between guerillas during the 
 Revolution. Its chief interest however 
 is in its association with Irving's 
 life and writings. There is Christ 
 Church, of which he was warden, 
 and the graveyard where he was 
 buried. 
 
 The surroundings abound in 
 points, made famous by his writings. 
 
 To be reached by the, N. Y. Cen. 
 & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 TICONDEROGA, N. Y. 
 
 The village has 4,000 inhabitants; 
 it is situated near a picturesque 
 Waterfall, formed by one of the 
 outlets of Lake George. 
 
 Nearby is Fort Ticonderoga. A 
 railroad and steam-ship Station on 
 the W. shore of Lake Champlain, at 
 the foot of Mt. Defiance. 
 
 TRENTON FALLS, N. Y. 
 
 These beautiful falls, six in number, 
 are located in the midst of delight- 
 ful scenery. Rocky Cliifs with many 
 beautiful turns and vistas rise precip- 
 itously above the winding, restless, 
 dashing creek, fringed at their verge 
 with green boughs of the forest. 
 
 To be reached by the. New York 
 Central & Hudson River R. R. 
 
 TROY, N. Y. 
 
 Troy is situated six miles N. of 
 Albany, at the head of steam naviga- 
 tion on the Hudson. It has a 
 population of 61,000. The principal 
 thoroughfare is River St., running 
 parallel with the river. 
 
 The City Hall is a costly building 
 Troy possesses many elegant business 
 edifices. On Washington Square 
 stands the Soldiers Monument, 90 ft. 
 high. The Library of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association is 
 in the Athenaeum. St. Joseph's 
 Theological Seminary comprises 
 several buildings on Mt. Ida, E. of 
 the city. 
 
 The well known Rensselaer Poly- 
 technic Institute, one of the leading 
 schools in civil engineering, is on 
 8 th St. 
 
 The great Wateiwliet Arsenal is 
 located in a park of 105 acres in 
 W. Troy. The heavy rifled cannon 
 of the most advanced type are made 
 here. Troy is also famous for its 
 stove foundries, rolling mills and 
 laundries. It is reached from New 
 York, by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. 
 Riv. R. R., or by steamers. 
 
 UTICA, N. Y. 
 Has 44,000 inhabitants, and is 
 situated on the Mohawk. It is a 
 railway and coal center in the 
 prosperous center of New York State, 
 The leading thoroughfare is Genessee 
 
 2ai 
 
St., in it are the City Hall, and the 
 finest chvirches. commercial buildings, 
 and private residences. On a farm 
 W. of the city is the State Lunatic 
 Asylum connected with the city by 
 street cars. Utica is a terminus of 
 the Rome, Watertown & Ogdens- 
 burg R. R., which is the route to 
 the Adirondacks, . and also to the 
 Thousand Islands. A popular excur- 
 sion by this route is to Trenton 
 Falls 17 miles from Utica, which are 
 situated on Canada Creek a 
 Creek, tributary of the Mohawk. 
 
 Utica is reached from New York, 
 by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 J. H. McGarrity, D. L. & W. 
 R. R., Utica, N. Y. 
 / C. Schreiber, 8 Fay St., N. Y. 
 
 WATERFORD, N. Y. 
 
 Is a manufacturing town of 5,000 
 inhabitants, on the Hudson. 
 
 154 miles from New York. Reached 
 by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., 
 or West Shore R. R. 
 
 WATERTOWN, N. Y. 
 A manufacturing town of 15,000 
 inhabitants on the rapids of the 
 Black River. Reached by the N. Y. 
 Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., to Rome, 
 from there by the Rome, Watertown 
 & Ogdensburg R. R. 
 
 WATKINS GLEN, N. Y. 
 
 Watkins Glen, as distinct in its 
 individuality as Niagara, the Yosem- 
 ite. or the Mammoth Cave, is one of 
 the most picturesque and delightful 
 places which thousands of tourists 
 annually travel to see, into it is 
 compressed in miniature all the 
 glory and grandeur of our great 
 western canons. It is beautiful and 
 picturesque. 
 
 A small stream, in summer merrily 
 dancing and prancing over rocky 
 ledges and in winter thundering 
 along through its narrow confines, 
 seeks its way to the lake. During 
 the ages this stream has cut a deep 
 gorge into the soft rock of the 
 mountain, in some places to a depth 
 of two hundred feet, and sometimes 
 scarcely more thw ten feet wide, at 
 
 others broadening into large amphithe- 
 atres in which the 'echo of one's 
 voice sounds strangely supernatur-al. 
 The walls of this gorge rise perpen- 
 dicularly from the side of the stream, 
 and at the summit are fringed with 
 green boughs of the forest. 
 
 From the head of beautiful Lake 
 Seneca this chasm penetrates the ' 
 mountain for a distance of three 
 miles, winding and cm^ving abruptly 
 and presenting a wonderful variety 
 of rocky and picturesque scenes. 
 From the top of Glen Mountain a 
 magnificent view of the surrounding 
 country may be had, including the 
 placid waters of Seneca Lake, spark- 
 ling in the sunlight and stretching 
 far away to the northeast. 
 
 Located on the summit of the 
 mountain is the Glen Mountain 
 House, owned and conducted by the 
 proprietor of the Glen. Guests of 
 this house enjoy the freedom of the 
 Glen, a privilege not accorded those 
 registered at the village hotels and 
 others. 
 
 The Glen Springs Sanitarium is. 
 also located near the town of Wat- 
 kins upon a broad plateau overlooking 
 the lake. This large hotel is remark- 
 ably complete in its appointments. 
 Two large mineral springs are locat- 
 ed on the grounds. 
 
 To be reached by the Penn- 
 sylvania R. R. 
 
 WEST POINT, N. Y. 
 
 Inseparably linked with the military 
 history of the American Republic, 
 and beautifully located on the west 
 bank of the historic Hudson, in the 
 very bosom of the picturesque High- 
 lands, is West Point, the seat of the 
 United States Military Academy, the 
 alma mater of many of the nation's 
 greatest heroes. 
 
 Surrounded by places famous in 
 American history, and commanding 
 an unrivaled view of the beautiful 
 river, it is a point which appeals 
 strongly to all Americans. It has 
 become a favorite resort with pleas- 
 ure seekers, and is visited annually 
 by thousands of gay and fashionable 
 people. A prominent and imposing 
 feature of West Point is the new 
 Battle Monument, dedicated on 
 Decoration Day, 1805, 
 
 883 
 
It is seventy-five feet high, the 
 shaft being one solid block of granite 
 forty-two feet long. Among the other 
 points of interest are the cadets, 
 barracks, classrooms, and gymnasium 
 Kosciusko's monument, and the ruins 
 of Fort Putnam. It was here that 
 Benedict' Arnold hatched his ini- 
 quitous scheme of treason. 
 
 Apart from its educational char- 
 acteristics, the place is endowed with 
 intrinsic merits of altitude, magnif- 
 icent scenery, and excellent soci- 
 ety, which make it a popular resting 
 place for people from all sections of 
 the land. To be reached bv the 
 West Shore R. R. 
 
 WESTPORT, N. Y. 
 This prosperous little city is 
 charmingly situated on the west 
 shore of Lake Champlain, overlooking 
 the fairest portion of that beautiful 
 sheet of water. It has many histor- 
 ical associations, such as Split Rock, 
 long therecognizedboundary between 
 the French and English possessions. 
 In itself an important summer 
 resort, it is known chiefly through 
 its superb situation as one of the 
 principal gateways to the Adirondack 
 region. 
 
 To be reached by the. New York 
 Central & Hudson River R. R. 
 
 WHITEHALL, N. Y. 
 
 A town of 4,500 inhabitants,^ 
 situated at the S. end of Lake Cham- 
 plain, at the foot of Skenes Mt. 221 
 miles from New York. 
 
 Its chief industry is lumber. 
 Reached by the, N. Y. Cen. & Hud. 
 Riv. R. R. 
 
 WHITE PLAINS, N. Y. 
 
 22 miles from New York, 
 
 via N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., 
 
 has 4,000 inhabitants; it was the 
 
 scene of the eventful battle in 1776. 
 
 YONKERS, N. Y. 
 15 miles from New York; via the 
 N. Y. Central & Hudson River R. R., 
 beautifully situated on the E. side 
 of the Hudson, at the mouth of 
 Neperan or Saw-Mill River, opposite 
 the Palisades; it is in fact a suburb 
 of N. Y. City, It has 32,000 inhab- 
 itants. The Manor House, built in 
 1682, is now the City Hall. Nearby 
 is Locust Hill, where the American 
 troops were encamped in 1781. 
 
 283 
 
N EW YORK CITY. 
 
 The traveler arriving by the 
 steamers of the North German Lloyd 
 lands in Hoboken, after passing the 
 most beautiful and most lively harbor 
 of the world. The steamer stops at 
 Quarantine, where, after the doctor's 
 visit, some custom-house officers 
 come on board, to get the "declara- 
 tion" of the baggage from the 
 passengers. 
 
 Cabin passengers may go ashore 
 as soon as the vessel is made fast 
 and will find custom-house inspectors 
 ready to examine their baggage on 
 the wharf. Open your trunks, hand 
 to the inspector your declaration, 
 be polite, and you will be well 
 treated. 
 
 There are many entrances to New 
 York. 14 regular steamship lines 
 bring passengers from Europe; 15 
 companies from South and Central 
 America and the ports along the 
 Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlan- 
 tic Coast; 14 differerent lines of 
 steamboats come down the Hudson 
 and from Long Island Sound. Five 
 important railway termini are 
 located on the western bank of the 
 Hudson, being connected with New 
 York by ferries. On the eastern 
 bank of the East River are the depots 
 of the Long Island R. R., and in the 
 center of the metropolis stands the 
 Grand Central Depot. 
 
 STEAMSHIP LANDINGS. 
 Transatlantic Steamers. 
 
 Allan-State Line. — Pier foot of 
 W. 21 St. N. R. from Glasgow and 
 Londonderry. 
 
 American Line. — Pier 14, foot 
 of Fulton St. N. R. From South- 
 ampton. 
 
 Anchor Line. — Pier 54, foot of 
 W. 27 St. N. R.' From Glasgow. 
 
 Compagnie Generale Transatlan- 
 tique. — Pier 42, foot of Morton 
 St. N. R. From Havre. 
 
 Cunard Line. — Pier 40, foot of 
 Clarkson St. N. R. From Liverpool. 
 
 Florio - Rubattino Line. — Medi- 
 terranean Piers, near Wall St. Ferry, 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 Hamburg-American Packet Com- 
 pany. Pier foot of 1st and Newark 
 Sts.^ Hoboken, N. J. From Hamburg. 
 
 Netherlands Line. — Pier, foot of 
 5 th St. Hoboken. From Rotterdam 
 and Amsterdam. 
 
 North German Lloyd. — Pier, 
 foot of 2d St. Hoboken. From Bremen 
 and from Genoa. 
 
 Red Star Line. — Pier 14, foot 
 Fulton St. N. R. From Antwerp. 
 
 Thingvalla Line. — Pier, foot of 
 4 th St. Hoboken. FromChristiansand 
 and Copenhagen. 
 
 White Star Line. — Pier 45, foot 
 of W, 10 th St. N. N. From Liver- 
 pool. 
 
 Wilson Line. — Pier, foot of 
 Montague St. Brooklyn. From London 
 and Hull. 
 
 COASTWISE STEAMSHIPS. 
 
 Atlas Steamship Company. — Pier 
 55, foot of W. 25 th St. N. R. From 
 West Indies. 
 
 Central American Steamship Line. 
 — Pier, North Central Dock Atlantic 
 Basin, Brooklyn. Fiom Kingston, 
 Greytown, etc, 
 
 884 
 
THE — ~ 
 
 Equitable Life Assurance Society 
 
 of the XJiSriTEO STATED 
 
 No. 120 BROADWAY 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 This Company is tiie surest and enjoys tlie most prominent position 
 among ali otiier companies in tiie World. 
 
 TheASSETS are over . . . , $236,000,000 
 
 „ SURPLUS on a 4% standard, exceeds . . $ 50.000.000 
 „ SURPLUS is also more than any other Company by 1 15.000.000 
 
 THE GUARiNTEED CASH-YiLUE POLICY, 
 
 although of recent adoption, is extensively patronized, it affords 
 every possible protection, and strongly recommends itself. 
 
 TWELVE SPECIAL ADVANTAGES 
 
 1st: The immediate payment of the policy in the event of death. 
 
 2nd : Incontestability after one year. 
 
 3rd: Freedom as to residence, travel and occupation, after the 
 first year. 
 
 4th: A guaranteed Cash surrender value, increasing annually, 
 after the third year. 
 
 5th: A guaranteed surrender value in Paid up Assurance, in- 
 creasing annually after the third year. 
 
 6th: A loan, at S"/o interest, on the third or any subsequent 
 anniversary of the assurance. 
 
 7th: A Cash Bonus at the end of a period of twenty years (or 
 fifteen years, if perf erred). 
 
 8th : The choice of eight-options at the end of the period, under 
 one of which the policy may be either continued or surren- 
 dered on most liberal terms. 
 
 9th: An annually increasing surrender value if the policy is 
 
 continued beyond the period, 
 loth: Dividends from surplus subsequently earned, if the policy 
 
 is continued beyond the period, 
 nth: Thirty days grace in the payment of all premiums. 
 12th: The right (given to the assured) to change the beneficiary 
 at pleasure. 
 
 CHARLES A. BRYAN, manager. 
 
 83 
 
 — == BRANCH OFFICE: = — 
 
 MERCHANTS' BUILDING 
 
 9 and 4 STONE STREET 
 17 to 23 BRIDGE STREET 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 M. FARMER, Special Representative. 
 
 284 a 
 
II II o II .0 II II o II O |l 
 
 J 
 
 w< 
 
 
 BANKERS 
 
 46 WALL STBEET 
 
 V, 
 
 NEW YORK, City. 
 
 56 
 
 I SSUE LETTERS OF CREDIT, 
 DRAFTS AND CHECKS, 
 AVAILABl-E IN ALL PARTS 
 
 OF THE WORLD. 
 
 •284 d 
 
 ^ 
 
Columbian Line. — Pier 43, foot 
 of Barrow St. From Colon. 
 
 Clyde Steamship Company. — 
 Pier 29, E. R.. foot of Roosevelt St. 
 From Charleston and Jacksonville. 
 
 Compania Transatlantica. — Pier 
 10, E. R.. foot Old Slip. From 
 Cuba and Mexico. 
 
 Cromwell Line. — Pier 9, N. R., 
 foot of Rector St. FromNew Orleans. 
 Maine Steamship Company. — Pier 
 38, E. R., foot Market St. From 
 Portland. 
 
 Mallory Line. — Pier 20, E. R., 
 Burling Slip. From Galveston, Key 
 W est, Femandina, and Brunswick. 
 
 New York & Cuba Mail Steamship 
 Company. — Piers 16 and 17, E. R., 
 foot of Wall St. From Havana and 
 other ports in Cuba, Mexico, and 
 Nassau. 
 
 Old Dominon Steamship Company. 
 
 — Pier 26, N. R., foot of Beach St. 
 From Norfolk, Richmond, etc. 
 
 Pacific Mail Steamship Company. 
 
 — Pier 34, N. R., foot of Canal St. 
 From California, China, and Japan, 
 via Isthmus of Panama. 
 
 Quebec Steamship Company. — 
 Bermuda and West Indies Line. — : 
 Pier 47 N. R., foot of W. 10 th St. 
 From Bermuda and Windward 
 Islands. 
 
 Red D. Lines. — Pier, Pierrepont 
 Stores, Brooklyn. From Cm-acao, 
 and Venezuelan ports. 
 
 Royal Dutch West Indies Mail 
 Line. — Pier, foot Joralemon St., 
 Brooklyn. From West Indies and 
 Venezuela. 
 
 Savannah Line. — Pier 35, N R., 
 foot of Spring. St. From Savannah. 
 
 RAILWAY STATIONS. 
 
 Central R. R. of New Jersey. 
 Baltimore & Ohio, and Philadelphia 
 & Reading R. R., and dependencies. 
 Ferry Pier No. l5, foot of Liberty 
 St., New York. Terminus of the 
 Royal Blue Line for Philadelphia, 
 Baltimore, Washington, and the 
 West. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad aud leased 
 lines, Lehigh Valley, N. Y., Susque- 
 hahna & Western, N. J. Midland, 
 Jersey City, with feiTies to the foot 
 of Cortland and Desbrosses and 23d 
 Sts. For Brooklyn take the Annex 
 boat from the Jersey City side. 
 
 New York, Lake Erie &; Western 
 ("Erie") RaUway, Chicago & Erie 
 R. R., and local dependencies, Pavon- 
 ia Av. , Jersey City, reaching New 
 York by ferries to Chambers St. 
 and W. 23d St. 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, 
 and Morris & Essex R. Rs., have a 
 depot in Hoboken, whence ferries 
 ply to Barclay St., and to Cristopher 
 St. New York. 
 
 The West Shore and the Ontario 
 & Western R. Rs., and their -w^estern 
 connections, have a depot at Weehaw- 
 ken, north of Hoboken. A down-towoi 
 ferry lands passengers at the foot of 
 Franklin St., near Chambers; and 
 an up-town ferry crosses direct to 
 the foot of W. 42d St. 
 
 New York Central & Hudson 
 River R. R., the New York & Harlem 
 R. R., and the New York, New Haven 
 & Hartford R. R. imite their termini 
 in the Grand Central Depot in E. 
 42d St. 
 
 The Grand Central Depot is a 
 large building in the French style, 
 which faces 42 d St. across Fourth 
 Ave., and extends along Vanderbilt 
 Ave. for almost three blocks. 
 
 The Long Island R. R. discharges 
 its passengers in Brooklyn at its 
 station on Flatbush Ave. and its 
 station on East River, in Long Island 
 City, whence feiTies carry passengers 
 to New York at James Slip (down- 
 town, near Fulton St.), or at the 
 foot of E. 34th St. 
 
 The New York & Putnam R. R. 
 runs northward through Westchester 
 and Putnam counties to Brewster's 
 where it joins the Harlem R. R., and 
 connects with the New York & 
 New England R. R. for Hart.ord and 
 eastern points. Its station in New 
 York is at the terminus of the Sixth 
 Ave. El. Ry,; but it has a station 
 for the receipt and delivery of bag- 
 gage in the El. Ry. station at Eight 
 Ave. and 53 d St. 
 
 Raymond & WhUcomb, New York, 
 Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chi- 
 cago, etc., arrange tours to all parts 
 of the world. Their special vestibuled 
 train service, embodying every com- 
 fort and luxury, makes it possible to 
 visit Mexico, California and other 
 portions of the South and West with 
 a degree of comfort that can be 
 
 285 
 
attained in no other wa3^ Those 
 traveling under this firm's auspices 
 are relieved by its personal repres- 
 entatives and interpreters of all 
 details, such as checking baggage, 
 engaging sleeping car and liotel 
 accommodations, and other incon- 
 veniences experienced traveling in a 
 strange land. They supply railroad 
 and steamship tickets ever)^where 
 and can furnish exact and reliable 
 advice regardmg the hotels and other 
 needful information, and have a large 
 collection of printed and illustrated 
 matter bearing on the hotels, resorts, 
 picturesque regions, products, etc., 
 which will be of material assistance 
 to any one contemplating a tour of 
 America. 
 
 HACKS AND CABS. 
 
 Carriages or cabs may be hired 
 at the following rates; Two-horse 
 coaches, by the hour, $1,50 for the 
 first hour, and 75 cents for each 
 succeeding half-hour; by the mile, 
 $1 for the first mile and 40 cents 
 for each succeeding half-mile. One- 
 horse cabs, by the hour, $1 for the 
 first, and 50 cents for each succeeding 
 half-hour; by the mile, 50 cents for 
 the fu-st mile, and 25 cents for each 
 succeding half-mile. 
 
 Cabs-by the mile. 50 cts. for the 
 first mile, and 25 cts. for each 
 additional half-mile. For stops over 
 five minutes and not exceeding 
 fifteen, 25 cts.; for longer stops, 
 25 cts. for each fifteen minutes. 
 This tariff includes Hansom cabs. 
 
 Coaches-by the mile. One dollar 
 for the first mile and each additional 
 half-mile 40 cts. By distance for 
 "stops" 38 cts. for each fifteen 
 minutes. For brief stops not over 
 five minutes, no charge. By the 
 Hour, f 1,50 first hour, and each 
 succeeding half-hour 75 cts. 
 
 The legal fares are understood to 
 be for one or two persons in a cab, 
 or for one, two, tlu^ee, or four 
 persons in a carriage; while children 
 under 8 years are to be caixied free 
 when accompanied by adults. It also 
 includes the carrying of one trunk; 
 for additional baggage a special 
 bargain must be made. 
 
 The fare everywhere on the 
 Elevated railroads and on all the 
 
 surface cars is five cents without 
 regard to distance. 
 
 BAGGAGE EXPRESS. 
 
 On all important incoming trains, 
 a uniformed agent for either N. Y. 
 Transfer Co. or Westcott's baggage 
 delivery company passes thr^ough the 
 train seeking orders. He will take 
 your checks, giving a receipt there 
 for, and deliver your baggage to 
 any part of New York, Brooklyn, or 
 Jersey Cit3^ The payment may be 
 made in advance or on receipt of the 
 article at the house, which will be 
 in the course of two hours, ordi- 
 narily, if not earlier. In addition 
 to these transfer companies, several 
 other carriers have offices near the 
 great stations and steamer-landings. 
 These expressmen usually charge the 
 same rates as those above mentioned. 
 Out-side of these are a legion of 
 small proprietors of '.'expresses", and 
 individual owners of job-wagons, 
 whose charge is only 25 cents a 
 piece. 
 
 Ordinary baggage may be taken 
 with you it you employ a hackman. 
 and the delay, otherwise inevitable, 
 will be avoided. The hotel omnibus- 
 es get baggage for their patrons 
 very promptly also. For those who 
 do not hire cabs or caiTiages, that 
 American institution, the "express de- 
 livery service" is easily available hoie. 
 
 CAUTION. 
 
 Never give tip your check to any 
 cne, but a uniform.ed train-solicitor, 
 or a regular office agent or porter 
 of either the transportation company 
 which holds the baggage or of the 
 express company to which you mean 
 to intrust it; always take a receipt; 
 and never give up your checks, if 
 you claim your baggage yourself, 
 to any person except the uniformed 
 baggagemen of the railway or steam- 
 boat line b)^ which you have 
 traveled. 
 
 OUTGOING BAGGAGE. 
 
 When you get ready to leave the 
 city, an expressman will call at your 
 house, and take and deliver your 
 baggage at any station for from 25 
 to .40 cents a piece. Dodd's and 
 Westcott's companies (both of which 
 
 280 
 
have many branch offices in New 
 York and in all the adjoining cities) 
 will check your baggage at the 
 house to your destination in any 
 part of the coimtr}^, so that you 
 need not have to trouble with it at 
 the railway station, but you must 
 have bought your railway ticket in 
 advance, and must pay 10 cents 
 additional for the accommodations. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 New York possesses a gxea* 
 quantity of Hotels for all tastes and 
 pocketbooks from the luxurious 
 palace-buildings and royal iaterior 
 appointments of a Waldorf-Astoria, 
 or Savoy or Netherland to the cheap 
 but comfortable Mill's House. Most 
 
 of the hotels have adopted both the 
 American and European plan, fur- 
 nishing lodging, meals at fixed-hours, 
 attendance, etc. at a certain price a 
 day or furnishing only lodging. In 
 any hotel however, no "extras" will 
 be charged, unexpectedly swelling 
 the bill, as so vexatiously happens 
 in Europe. 
 
 The monumental hotel-edifices will 
 be mentioned at the proper place. 
 For travelers seeking home-like 
 quarters under moderate conditions 
 we may mention " The Bellevedere" , 
 a good German Hotel at the comer 
 of 4 th Ave. and 18 th St. The hotel 
 has excellent cuisine and service, and 
 every employee speaks German and 
 English; The Bellevedere is centrally 
 located, near the Elevated Railroads 
 
 ALL MODERN IMPROVEMENTS 
 UP-TO-DATE SERVICE. 
 ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
 STEAM HEAT. 
 
 J. J. SMITH 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 stations. " The Union Square 
 Hotel" on the E. side of Union 
 Square, corner 15 th St., is also 
 under German management and has 
 not only a central, but also a 
 beautiful location. A very good 
 Restaurant and Cafe is attached to 
 the hotel, which is much frequented 
 by foreigners from Central and South 
 America and European business men 
 and artists. 
 
 Hotel Bernard, 161-163 Lexington 
 Ave. comer 30th St. is a good hotel 
 at moderate prices, frequented by 
 French and Spanish families. 
 
 The Rembrandt is a hotel up- 
 town, corner 98th St. and Amsterdam 
 Ave. with all modern improvements 
 and up to date service. 
 
 It will pay every passenger arriving 
 at or leaving New York by the 
 
 North German Lloyd or any other 
 steamship line to pay a visit to 
 Raub's Central Railroad Hotel foi- 
 the following reasons. 
 
 1. On account of its convenient lo- 
 cation at the comer of Liberty and 
 West Sts. near the following ferries : 
 Liberty St. ferry of the Central 
 Railroad Co. of New Jersey, Cort- 
 land St. ferry of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Co., Barclay St. ferry for 
 Hoboken, where the North Ger- 
 man Llo3'd, Hambm'g-American and 
 Rotterdam steamships land their 
 pafsenger.'^, and near the piers of 
 the American line, and Antwerp 
 Line of steamers. It is particularly 
 convenient for such European 
 passengers, who remain only a short 
 time in New York and wish to 
 proceed by the Pennsylvannia Rail- 
 
 87 
 
road, Jersey Central, Delaware, 
 Nackawanna & Western Railroad 
 and the Erie Railroad to the West. 
 
 2. On account of its being a first- 
 class hotel, containing tastefull_v 
 furnished rooms, equipped with 
 electric lights and bells, also telephon- 
 ic and telegraphic accomodations, 
 combined with an excellent cuisine 
 on the European and American plans 
 (at the very reasonable price of 
 from $ 2,00 to $ 2,50 per day) and 
 prompt service day and night. A 
 special feature is a very good and 
 substantial table d'hote dinner at 
 fifty cents per cover, including a 
 pint of imported wine, also a large 
 assortment of imported and domestic 
 wines, beers, etc. kept constantly at 
 the proper temperature. 
 
 3. On account of the fact that the 
 proprietor and attendants will, at 
 any time, give correct information 
 to travellers in regard to railroads 
 steamship lines, etc. and also furnish 
 reliable guides for New York city 
 and vicinit)\ 
 
 Boarding Houses, Furnished 
 Rooms, Private lodging^, are prefer- 
 red to a hotel b)^ many persons. 
 By this is meant the rental of a 
 furnished room, with possibly the 
 taking of breakfast in the same 
 house, or breakfast and dinner. 
 These institutions are plentiful in all 
 parts of the city and gxade from 
 $ 5, — a week to thousands of 
 dollars for the year. 
 
 The morning news-papers contain 
 long list of descriptive advertisements 
 which may be followed up, or an 
 applicant may advertise for what he 
 wants, and get a quantity of answers 
 in a short time, or walking through 
 the street, which you may like, ask 
 to be sho'wai the rooms advertised 
 by a tiny paper pasted upon the 
 front door. 
 
 RESTAURANTS. 
 
 No city can be better supplied with 
 restaurants and eating houses of 
 every kind than New York. They 
 are ni every quarter of the city and 
 represent every grade of excellence. 
 It is impossible to mention here all 
 the places noted for a particular 
 style of meal or delicacy. But in 
 whatever quarter you are, you will 
 
 find some good, if not excellent 
 Restaurant. Visiting the business 
 district don't fail to lunch at one 
 of the swell down-town Restaurants; 
 e. g. the Cafe and Restatirant in 
 Old Cotton Exchange Building, 1 — 2 
 Hannover Square, where many mem- 
 bers of the export, import and commis- 
 sion trade regularly take theirilunch. 
 Prompt service and excellent imported 
 domestic beers and imported wines 
 can be had at moderate prices. Mess. 
 Stuetzle Brs. are the hospitable 
 proprietors. 
 
 Interesting is a visit to the Cafe 
 of Wiehl & Widmann, Beaver St.. 
 near the Produce Exchange, where 
 the artistic element meets the business 
 world; this place has always some 
 fine paintings on exhibition. Don't 
 fail, to have laid before you the 
 collection of "jokes", made by the 
 proprietor. 
 
 Fvuther up, cor Nassau and Liberty . 
 Sts., in the basement of one of the 
 stupendous office buildings is the 
 Restaurant and Cafe " Ltndingei'" , 
 fill ed at the lunch-hours with business 
 men of all branches. The Cafe is 
 exceedingly well managed, and the 
 most celebrated foreign and domestic 
 beers and Rhinewines are sold here. 
 
 Further up, the Restaurant of Otto 
 Emmerich is located, 273-277 Broad- 
 way, corner Chambers Street. This 
 is one of the best knowm places of 
 its kind in New York; it was founded 
 by Fr. HoUender & Co. The table 
 is excellent and beer and wine of 
 the choicest quality. The Restaurant 
 is very handy for visitors of the City 
 Hall and the Post Office and is much 
 patronized by prominent people in 
 public and private life. Newspaper 
 men, merchants and Government 
 and City officers are to be met there 
 at any time. 
 
 Nearer to the center of the City 
 and in proximity to the retail trade 
 district, in the direct neighborhood 
 of the Ii-ving Place Theatre and the 
 Academy of Music, the famous 
 Restaurant of Aug. Luchow is situated. 
 The leading German Restam-ant is 
 located in spacious buildings, from 
 108 to 114 E. 14th St. ft is the 
 Rendez-vous of the best society, and 
 the -visitor is liable to find here at 
 lunch, or supper, or after the theatre 
 
 288 
 
his friends, artists, fellow travelers, 
 etc. etc. The Wiirzburger Hofbrau, 
 which is imported by Mr. Llichow, 
 is one of the best known export beers 
 and widely introduced in the United 
 States. Every one in the Restaurant 
 speaks German. The cooking is ex- 
 cellent and universally appreciated. 
 There is hardly a German visitor 
 to New York and many sons and 
 daughters of other nations, who fail 
 to visit this Restaurant. 
 
 A couple of 'houses farther West, 
 No. 102 E. 14th St., just opposite 
 Steinway Hall, is another very good 
 Restaurant and Cafe under the mana- 
 gement of Mr. Ernst Wiehl. It 
 IS much frequented by journalists 
 and members of the theatrical pro- 
 fession, who exchange here their 
 views, drinking excellent wines and 
 beers and eating finely prepared 
 meals. The place is very well appoint- 
 ed and the general management is 
 not sparing of anything, which may 
 contribute to the comfort of the 
 patrons of the Restaurant and Cafe. 
 
 On Third Ave., near 14th St., 
 is one of the oldest German Res- 
 taurantSjOf the City. — This place 
 
 is owned by the jovial Mr. 
 Schmenger. It is one of the best 
 known places of its kind, and each 
 evening the meeting place of a select 
 part of the best German society. 
 Excellent beer and some special 
 German dishes are the gastronomic 
 attractions of this popular resort. 
 
 One of the best appointed Restaur- 
 ants is the well known Scheffel Halle 
 located on Third Avq. and 17th St. 
 This Restaurant is decorated in the 
 old German-style and offers many 
 interesting views to the visitors. 
 The best society frequents Scheffel 
 Halle, and for this as well as for 
 the excellent table and beverages it 
 is highly recommendable. 
 
 RESTAURANT AND HOTEL 
 "HUNGARIA". 
 
 Is a very good restaurant for ladies 
 and gentlemen on Union Square 
 No. 4, near 14th St. It is a well 
 known family restaurant, has an ex- 
 cellent cuisine and very good wines 
 and beers, and is well worth a visit. 
 
 ...GREAT FAMILY HOTELS...... 
 
 Excellence Without Extravagance. 
 
 BROADWAY 
 CENTRAL 
 
 New York. 
 
 UNITED 
 STATES 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Homelike and 
 
 Comfortable. 
 Bountiful Table. 
 Prompt Service. 
 Moderate Prices. 
 
 THESE HOTELS enjoy the highest respectability and freedom from 
 all objectionable features, and recommend themselves to LADIES and 
 FAMILIES, for their quiet, orderly management, their clean, well-kept 
 rooms, great public parlors, grand halls, and liberal stairways, while 
 
 THEIR LOCATION is absolutely unequalled for Business, Sigbt- 
 seeing, or pleasure, the cable and electric car system bring them in 
 rapid and direct connection with every steamer dock and Bail Boad 
 Stations, all the great stores, theatres, and every attraction of the 
 city, seashore, or suburbs. 
 
 Send for TarifT of Charges. 
 
 TILLY HAYNES, Proprietor. 
 
 2S9 
 
CAFE SCHUMANN. 
 
 Is a well known Restaurant and 
 Bakery, 127 and l29 4 th Ave., be- 
 tween 12 th and 13 th Sts. It is a 
 branch of "Old Stand", 383 Boweiy, 
 between 5 th and 6 th Sts. 
 
 Nearer to the Austrian-Hungarian 
 district, No. 156 Second Ave., is the 
 Cafe Boulevard, aViennaRestaurant. 
 On certain evenings a Hungarian 
 Gypsy Band gives concerts here (no 
 entrance fee is charged). Many of 
 the -European news-papers may be 
 found in the reading room. This 
 place has Summer and Winter 
 Gardens, and gives very good meals, 
 Table d'hote and a la Carte. Imported 
 beers are always on draught. Cafe 
 Boulevard is much appreciated by 
 all lovers of Chess-playing. 
 
 "THE ROOST". 
 
 249 W. Fourth St., coiner Charles 
 Street is a cafe, where prominent 
 gentlemen from the provinces of 
 Prussia meet. It is a safe and good 
 resort. Among the up-town Cafes 
 we ma)^ direct attention to the follow- 
 ing: Near the west entrance of Central 
 Park at the Northwest cor. of Grand 
 Circle is situated an ideal resting 
 place for promenaders and bicyclist 
 and other pleasure seekers, and visit- 
 ors of the lovely and well known 
 Park ; it is the Klondyke Hotel, prop. 
 A. Ruehl. There is a concert every 
 evening. On Sunday an Hungarian 
 and German orchestra alternate from 
 2 p. m. to 12 in the evening. The 
 best imported and domestic beers 
 are on di^aught, among them the 
 celebrated Kress special Brew; the 
 imported wines are of the choicest 
 quality, and the cuisine is unexcelled. 
 
 AUG. F. SCHMIDT, HOTEL AND 
 RESTAURANT. 
 
 411 Boulevard, cor. BOth St. It 
 IS a resort for gentlemen, and rooms 
 are rented to gentlemen only. 
 
 THE CENTURY HOTEL AND 
 SUMMER GARDEN. 
 
 Is 216 W. 84th St., near the Boule- 
 vard. It is a popular resort for 
 wheel-men, who rest here and refresh 
 themselves after a good ride. 
 
 The most importan thoroughfare 
 in Harlem is 125th St. ; in this street, 
 West No. 149, near Seventh Ave., 
 Hollender's Restaurant is located. 
 It is a finely appointed establish- 
 ment, frequented hj the best society, 
 and should not be missed being 
 visited. The table at Hollender's is 
 excellent, and the beers, imported 
 and domestic, are of the best. There 
 is every evening a good Chamber 
 Music Concert. 
 
 PARK HOUSE HOTEL. 
 
 Is still further up-town, 815 Colum- 
 bus Ave., cor. 100 th Street. It is a 
 good restaurant. Board and furnish- 
 ed rooms by the Day or Week, to 
 gentlemen only. 
 
 In the most prominent thorough- 
 fare in Harlem, 125 th St., at No. 149, 
 West, will be found "Hollender's 
 Hotel, Restaurant and Palm Garden", 
 the largest place in Harlem. This 
 establishment is a first class resort 
 in every respect, frequented by the 
 best society, and runs through from 
 125th St. to 126th St., having also 
 a separate entrance in 126 th St. 
 Everything served is of the best 
 qualit)'- and the place is well worth 
 a visit. 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 Since January 1 st of this year the 
 northern boundary of the city reaches 
 Yonkers, Mount Vernon and New 
 Rochelle; the limits include all of 
 Kings County, that is Brooklyn, and 
 as much of Queens Coimty, Long 
 Island, as lies West of a line from 
 Great Neck to Rockaway, embracing 
 Long Island City and its suburbs, 
 and the whole of Richmond County 
 (Staten Island). This gives an area 
 of about 320 square miles, and 
 includes a population of 3,000,000 
 making New York the second city 
 of the world. The real metropolitan 
 life is concentrated in the original 
 part of this immense territory, on 
 Manhattan Island, and the other 
 districts are still known and called 
 as their names were before the con- 
 solidation. The original New York 
 Bay, at junction of the Hudson or 
 North River, which forms its western 
 shore, and of the East River, as the 
 
 ?90 
 
Belvedere House 
 
 18. Stmsse und 4- Avenue. NEW YORK- 
 
 Deutsches Hotel I. R anges. 
 
 Itn Centrum der Stadt gelegen, directe Verbindungen mit 
 Tramways und Hochbahnen nach alien Richtungen der Stadt. 
 
 Joseph Wehrle & Sohn 
 
 45 Eigenthilmer. 
 
 HOW TO TRAVEL. 
 
 If you are going to travel it is important to know 
 about the proper season, climate, altitude, resorts and 
 hotels of the places to be visited and the most desirable 
 routes for reaching them. The success of your trip will 
 depend largely on your knowledge of these questions. 
 Unbiased advice about everything pertaining to travel 
 can be had on application : We might add that our tours 
 offer the' best facilities for traveling comfortably and 
 with the greatest possible relief from those annoyances 
 which often mar a trip that would otherwise have been 
 a source of benefit and pleasure, but we supplv also 
 railroad and steamship tickets at lowest rates to all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 RAIMOND & WHITC0M6 
 
 81 East 14th St., Union Sq. West. 
 
 296 Washington St., Boston, Mass. NGW YOlk. 
 1005 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ^ ■ - 
 
 250 Arcade Bldg., Cleveland, 0. 
 95 Adams St., Chicago, 111. 28 
 
 291 
 
3!r 
 
 Sf 
 
 3!r 
 
 3!r 
 
 August Liichow 
 
 108 TO 114 EAST 14th ST. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 CELEBRATED i| » 
 
 f ERMAN g ESTAURANT 
 
 MOST FASHIONABLE FAMILY RESORT IN NEW YORK, 
 
 SOLE AGENT FOR: 
 Wiirzbiirger Hofbrau, Wiirzburg, Bavaria. 
 Pilsener Genossenschafts-Brauerei, Pilsen. 
 
 HUGH STEWART, 
 JAMES M. HORTON. Free. CHAUNCEY E. HORTON, 
 
 JOSEPH A. COZZINO, Sec'y. HENRY GRUBE, 
 
 Directors 
 
 LARGEST MANUFACTURERS of ICE CREAM in the world. 
 
 Morton's Ice Cream 
 
 has no superior if any equals in purity. 
 
 r>Ei*oxs. 
 
 305. 4th ave. ^^^ "Pq vlr "Ro-w ^^^- 6*^ave. 
 698. 6 th ave. ^^^ JTtlliS. XliUW jjq g^g^. jgs 
 
 NEV\^ YORK 
 
 495 Fulton street and 478. 6 th ave. 
 
 Brooklyn. ^^ 
 
 292 
 
naiTower portion of Long Island 
 Sound is named, which separates it 
 from BrookljTi. It occupies the 
 entire surface of Manhattan Island, 
 Randall, Ward, and Blackwell Islands 
 in the E. River, and a portion of the 
 mainland, N. of Manhattan Island, 
 separated from it by Harlem River 
 and Spuy ten Duyvel Creek. Governor's 
 Bedloe, and Ellis Islands, in the Bay, 
 are used by the United States 
 Government. EUis Island is used 
 as the landinp)lace of immigrants. 
 The extreme length, north from the 
 Battery, is 16 miles and the greatest 
 width from the Hudson to the mouth 
 of Bronx River, 4 miles. The older 
 portion of the city, below 14 th St., 
 is somewhat irregularly laid out. 
 The plan of the upper part includes 
 avenues running N. to the boundary 
 of the island, and streets running 
 across them at ri^ht angles from 
 river to river. Ihe avenues are 
 numbered from the east to 12 th Ave. 
 east of 1st Ave. in the widest part 
 of the city are Aves. A,B,C, and D. 
 Above 21st., between 3d and 4th 
 Aves., is Lexington Ave., and above 
 23 d St., between 4 th and 5 th Aves., 
 is Madison Ave.; 6th and 7th Aves. 
 are intersected by Central Park. 
 Above 59th St., on the west side, 
 8th Ave. is known as Central Park west ; 
 9 the- Ave. as Columbus Ave.; 10th 
 Ave as Amsterdam Ave.; 11th Ave. 
 as West End Ave., while extending 
 along the line of the Hudson River N. 
 from 72 d St. is Riverside Ave. St. 
 Nicholas Ave starts from 110 th 
 and Lenox, the name given to 6 th 
 Ave. above Centred Park, and 
 extends northward from 100 th St. 
 to 123 d St., and thence westward to 
 130 th St. and North River. Morning- 
 side Ave., east and west, are on 
 either side of Morningside Park, 
 between 110 th St. and 123 d St. 
 Above 125 th St. and in the annexed 
 district the avenues and streets are 
 still somewhat irregular. The streets 
 are numbered consecutively N. to 
 225th St., at the end of the island; 
 21 blocks including streets, average 
 a mde. The house numbers on the 
 avenues run N.; those on the streets 
 E. and W. from 5 th Ave. The city- 
 is compactly built to Harlem, about 
 eight and a half miles from the 
 
 Battery. Distances are usually 
 estimated from City Hall. 
 
 MODES OF CONVEYANCE. 
 
 Elevated Railways. The system 
 of elevated railroads, which embraces 
 trains of cars drawn by steam loco- 
 motives, now consists of four main 
 double-track lines, and a few short 
 branches. All come together at the 
 southern extremity of the island in 
 a terminal station at South Ferry 
 alongside the Battery. Two lines are 
 on the West Side and two on the 
 East, and all run to the Harlem 
 River, one (the "Suburban") con- 
 tinuing beyond, through Motthaven 
 and Morrisania, to 172d St. These 
 trains run at intervals of one to two 
 minutes (or even less, during the 
 busiest hours of morning and even- 
 ing) all the day and evening; but 
 the Niath Av. liae does not run 
 after nine o'clock at night, and from 
 midnight to sunrise the intervals 
 between trains are from seven to 
 fifteen minutes. 
 
 Strangers should be careful to 
 note the sign at the foot of the 
 station stairs which informs them 
 whether that station is for "up- 
 town" or "down town" trains. The 
 fare on all roads and for all distance 
 is 5 cents. A ticket must be bought 
 and thrown into the gateman's glass 
 "chopper" box at the entrance to 
 the platform. On the West-Side, 
 certain trains going down-town take 
 the Ninth Ave. route, while others 
 go via Sixth Ave.; others run only 
 as far as Cortlandt or Rector Streets, 
 instead of going :jo the ferry. Up- 
 town West Side trains go both to 
 Harlem and 58th St. (Central Park), 
 On the East Side, going down, some 
 trains go to South Ferry and others 
 to the City HaU; and up-town, both 
 Second and Third Av. trains use the 
 same track from the Battery to 
 Chatham Sq. and must be distmgu- 
 ished. The gatemen usually call out 
 the destination of each train as it 
 approaches, but anyone may quickly 
 learn to recognize the signs on the 
 locomotives, and the confusion is 
 really not so great as it appears to 
 be. AU of the roads are now con- 
 solidated and under the single own- 
 
 293 
 
ershlp and management of the Man- 
 hattan Railway Co. 
 
 The Ninth Avenue Line. Is the 
 oldest, a part of it having been con- 
 structed as early as 1870. It extends 
 from the Battery up Greenwich St., 
 passing- Washington Market and 
 overlooking much, of the North River 
 water-front, and has stations close 
 to Liberty, Desbrosses, and Christ- 
 opher St. ferries. At West 14th St. 
 it swings into Ninth Av^ runs along 
 it to 59th St. where It joins the 
 Sixth Av. line. Its upper stations 
 are at 14th, 23d, 34th, 42d, 50th, 
 and 59th Sts. 
 
 Sixth Avenue Line. This is the 
 main West Side line. From South 
 Ferry it skirts Battery Park, to 
 Battery Place, which is the station 
 for Coney Island and other steam- 
 boats that sail from pier I, N. R., 
 and for the Washington Building, 
 Produce Exchange, foreign consul- 
 ates, steamship offices, and lower 
 Broadway generally. The course is 
 then up New Chm-ch St. Rector St. 
 is the station for Wall St.; Cortlandt 
 St. is the station for Jersey City 
 and Communipaw ferries, for the 
 Glen Island boats; Park Place, is 
 the station for Newspaper Sq., the 
 Post Office, City Hall, Court House, 
 and Brooklyn Bridge. The line now 
 turns one block west through Mur- 
 ray St. to the station at Chambers 
 St. The course is next up West 
 Broadway through the wholesale 
 grocery and dry goods district. 
 Franklm, Grand, aud Bleeker are the 
 street stations, tbe last in the French 
 quarter and close to Washington Sq. 
 
 Turning; west through W. 3d St., 
 the line is carried over to the foot 
 of Sixth Av„ and its next station, at 
 8th St., is under the shadow of 
 Jefferson Market and the clock-tower 
 of the attached, police court and 
 prison. The stations at 14th, 18th, 
 23d, and 28th Sts., are the stations 
 for the retail trade and in proximity 
 to the Theatres. So are 33d and 
 42d Street Stations, at the 50th St. 
 station, passengers for Central Park 
 change cars, unless they are on a 
 CentralPark train, which will carry 
 them straight ahead to 58th St. and 
 a Park entrance. 
 
 . The Harlem trains turn westward 
 and pass through 53d St. (with a 
 station at Eight Av.) to Ninth Av., 
 where the line again turns north- 
 ward up Ninth Av. The stations on 
 this Avenue are at 59th, 67th, 72d, 
 81st Sts. (stations for the American 
 Museum of Natural History), 93d, 
 and 104th Sts. The track is here 
 at a considerable height above the 
 pavement, but at 110th St. it turns 
 eastwai-d to Eight Av. and then 
 turns up that avenue upon an iron 
 trestle-work which is an example of 
 audacious engineering. The ground 
 is low here, and the track is carried 
 across it on a level with the fifth- 
 story windows of the liou$es. 
 
 This makes an elevator necessary 
 to reach the station platform at 
 116 th St. A few blocks beyond 
 St. Nicholas Av. the ancient country 
 road to King's Bridge and Albany 
 is crossed diagonally, the density of 
 the population increases, and the 
 next stop is in a lofty station at 
 Harlem (W. '125th St), where the 
 busy appearance of a down -town 
 avenue meets the eye. . Change here 
 for the cable road to River Side 
 Park, Ft. Lee Ferry. Near 135th St. 
 station is the great R. C. Convent 
 of the Sacred Heart. The engine- 
 houses and shops of the company 
 are at 145 th St. or Carmansville 
 station; and half a mile beyond it, 
 the terminus is reached at 155 th St. 
 Here is the Harlem River, and the 
 great iron viaduct overhead, wich 
 continues W. 155 th St. by an easy 
 slope from Washington Heights 
 down to the new McComb's Dam 
 bridge, which forms the great drive- 
 way to King's Bridge Road and the 
 north. This viaduct overlooks the 
 Polo Grounds and a long stretch of 
 the Harlem Valley. . : . ; , 
 
 This station is the terminus of the 
 New York & Putnam R. R. which 
 goes northward into Putnam County; 
 by it are reached (within the city 
 limits) High Bi"idge, Berkeley Oval, 
 Morris '. Heigbts, Fordham , Heights, 
 Kingsbjcidgeville, and Van tortlandt 
 — the; lastJmamed ..station for tlje 
 great Van. Qortlandt Park and Lakeu 
 where the best skating, in. this part 
 of the State is obtainable, .whenever 
 there is ice anywhere. The trains 
 
 294 
 
run every few minutes, especially 
 on Sunday, and some connect through 
 into New England. A branch, diverg- 
 ing at Van Cortlandt Park, forms 
 a rapid transit line to Yonkers. As 
 the road is owned by the New York 
 Central Company, tickets to and 
 from Yonkers are good on the 
 Hudson River R. R. to the Grand 
 Central Depot, and vice versa. 
 
 The through time from South Ferry 
 to Central Park by the Sixth Av. 
 line is 28 minutes; to 155th St. one 
 hour. 
 
 The Third Avenue Line. — Runs 
 from South Ferry along water St. 
 to Jeanette Park. It then turns into 
 Pearl St., and makes its first stop at 
 Hanover Square, the station for 
 Wall St. Winding on through narrow 
 Pearl St., Fulton St. is next reached, 
 close to Fulton Ferry and Market; 
 the ingenuity with which a portion 
 of the old United States Hotel has 
 been converted into entrances and 
 station rooms, securing a platform 
 in the narrow street is worth atten- 
 tion. At Franklin Square, the next 
 station, you are right under the 
 approach to the Brooklyn Bridge. 
 From Franklin Square, up the new 
 Bowery, the train passes through 
 the rough region of the Fourth 
 Ward. Chatham Sq. is the busiest 
 elevated station in New York. Here 
 the branch from the City Hall conies 
 
 in and the Second Av. Line begins. 
 There are two platforms, and pas- 
 sengers should be careful lo learu 
 whether they do not need to change 
 cars here to reach their destination. 
 The station covers the upper part 
 of the "square", which is formed by 
 the intersection of several streets. 
 
 The Bowery begins here. It is 
 northward, up the Bowery, that the 
 Third Av. line proceeds. The stations 
 in the Bowery, are at Canal St., 
 Grand St., and Houston Street. The 
 next station is on Third Av. at 
 Ninth St. The other stations on 
 Third Av. area at 14 th, 18 th, 23 d 
 28 th, 34th Sts. (here a branch line 
 runs east to the Long Island Ferry), 
 42 d (branch line west to Grand 
 Central Depot), 53d, 59 th, 67 th, 
 76 th, 84 th, 89 th, 98 th, 106 th, 116 th, 
 125 th and 129 th Streets. Here pas- 
 sengers going farther must change 
 to the suburban branch, which 
 carries them to 172d St. and Third 
 Av. (Tremont). 
 
 Second Avenue Line. — Begins 
 at Chatham Sq., and passes thence 
 northward through Division, Allen, 
 and First and Second Avs. to the 
 Harlem River, where it connects 
 with the terminus of the suburban 
 road spoken of above. Its stations 
 are Chatham Square, Canal St. 
 (near Essex Market and Police 
 
 Union Square Motel 
 
 American and European Plan. 
 
 Located in NEW YORKs Center 
 
 Union Square and Fifteenth Street. 
 Attractive Suits and Rooms from Doll. 1, — upward. 
 With all modern comfort and appliances. 
 EXCELLENT RESTAURANT, DELICATE WINES, PROMPT SERVICE. 
 NEUMUELLER & SCHAEFER, Proprietors. 
 
 295 
 
Court), Rivington St., Houston St., 
 St. Mark's Place, 14 th St., 19 th St., 
 23d St. (where the road turns from 
 First into Second Ave.). 
 
 34th St. (Long Island R. R., and 
 Manhattan Beach), 42d St., 50 th St., 
 57 th St., 65 th St., 70 th St., 80 th St., 
 86 th St., 93 d St. (Astoria ferry), 
 105 th St., 111th St., 116 th St., 120 th 
 St., and the Harlem River terminus. 
 The time between Chatham Sq. 
 and Harlem is about 35 minutes. 
 
 It only remains to mention that 
 an elevated Ry. station is at the 
 
 New York terminus of the Brooklyn 
 Bridge, beside the City Hall, and 
 near the Post Office. Alternate trains 
 on the Third Av. go thither without 
 change; from the Second Av. line, 
 change at Chatham Sq. for Second 
 Ave. line. There is duect communica- 
 tion between the platforms of the 
 Bridge cars. 
 
 Street Cars. — Cable, electric, and 
 horse-cars run through all the prin- 
 cipal Streets except 5th Av. and 
 afford excellent means of communi- 
 cation They may be classed as 
 
 '% 
 
 \ Must rated Catalosue free by Mail 
 
 MAIN RETAIL STORE : 
 
 16 West 23D St., New York. | 
 
 DOWN-TOWN BRANCH : 
 
 166 Broadway. New York. 
 
 125 
 
 ^ 
 
 avenue lines, running North and 
 South, and crosstown Tines rimning 
 between the ferries of the North and 
 East Rivers. There is one line of 
 stages, plying along 5th Av. be- 
 tween Washington Square and the 
 Metropolitan Museum of Art 72d St., 
 fare 5 cents. Manhattan is kept in 
 communication with the sun-ounding 
 shores, by large boats, making reg- 
 ular trips, between certain points, 
 these ferries are the following. 
 
 To Astoria. — From E. 92d St., 
 every 15 minutes. 
 
 To Bay Ridge and Coney Island 
 routes. — : From the Battery half- ' 
 hourly. . . 
 
 To Bedloe's Island (Statue of 
 Liberty). — From the Battery, hourly 
 to 7,30 p. m. 
 
 To Blackwell's Island. — Foot of 
 E. 26th St., twice daily. 
 
 To College Point. — From E. 99th 
 St., hourly during daylight, calling 
 at North Beach. 
 
 To Brooklyn. — As follows: 
 
 To 39th St., South Brooklyn. 
 .. Jrom the Battery. 
 
 296 
 
To Hamll,tQn Av., from the 
 Battery. 
 
 To Atlantic Av., from the Battery. 
 
 To Montague St. from Wall St. 
 ■ (does not run evenings or 
 
 Sundaj'^s). 
 
 To Fulton St. from Fulton St. 
 
 To Bridge St. from James St. 
 
 To Main St. from Catherine St. 
 
 To Broadway, E. D., from Roose- 
 velt St. "■; 
 
 To Broadway, E.D„ from Grand St. 
 To Grand St., E. D.. from Grand St. 
 To Grand St., E. D., from Hous- 
 ton St. 
 To Greenpoint (Brooklyn, E. D.) 
 - from E. 10th St. 
 To Broadway, E. D., from E. 
 
 23d St. 
 To Greenporut, E. D., from E. 
 23d St. 
 To Fort Lee. — From W. 129th 
 St., half-hourly via Undercliff. 
 
 To Governor's Island. — From 
 the Battery, hourly. 
 To Hoboken. — As follows: 
 To First St. (D ,-L, & W. R. R.) 
 
 from Barclay St. 
 To the same point,- from Christ- 
 opher St. 
 To 14th St. (Elysian Fields), 
 fi-om 14th St. 
 To Jersey City'. — As follows: 
 To Communipaw (Central R. R. 
 
 of N. J.), from Liberty St. 
 To Montgomery St. (Pennsyl- 
 vania R. R.) from Cortlaridt St. 
 To the same point, from Des- 
 
 brosses St.' , 
 To the same point, . from W. 
 
 23d St. 
 To Pavonia Av. ("Erie" R. R.), 
 
 from Chambers St. 
 To Bay St., from W. 13th St. 
 To Pavonia Av. ("Erie" R. R.), 
 from W. 23d St. 
 To Long Island City. — As fol- 
 lows: 
 
 To Himter's Point (Long Island 
 
 R. R.), from James Slip. 
 To the same point, from E. 
 34th St. 
 To Staten Island. — To St. 
 George's (St I. Rapid Transit R. R.), 
 from.the Battery, half-hourly till mid- 
 night. 
 To Weehawken: 
 To West Shore R. R. station, 
 from Franklin St. 
 
 To North Weehawken, from W. 
 
 42d St. 
 To West Shore R. R. station, 
 from W. 42d St. 
 
 Besides the ferries, communication 
 with, Brooklyn and the part of the 
 city, situated , north of the Harlein 
 River, is made by bridges. The East 
 River or Brooklyn Bridge is a mag- 
 nificent structure. ,, 
 
 Its terminus in New York,' is op- 
 posite City Hall Park; the terminus 
 m Brooklyn is in the Plaza at Fulton 
 and Sand Sts., where all the Elevated 
 railroads have their termini, in a 
 covered Union Station. The bridge 
 has two drives, a loot walk, paved 
 with asphalt and" a double track 
 cable railroad. The walk across is 
 delightful and seats are scattered 
 along the broad promenade. The 
 fare on the bridge-car is 3 cents, 
 two tickets are sold for 5 cents. The 
 average number of persons crossing 
 the bridge is about 100,000 : daily. 
 The total length is one and a qiiarter 
 miles, the width 85 ft., the height 
 above the water in the center is 135 
 feet. This triumph of engineering 
 was planned by Col. John A. Roeb- 
 ling and built by his son Washington 
 'Roebling, it was 13 years construct- 
 ing, and cost about $15,000,000; 
 considered as one of the wonders 
 of the world, no visitor should mi^s 
 seeing it. 
 
 The most interestmg hours are 
 between 4 and 6 o'clock in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 Several large bridges cross the 
 Harlem: there is a railway bridge 
 at Second Av. ; an iron draw-bridge 
 for general traffic at Third Av. ; a 
 great draw-bridge, which brings all 
 the railways centering in the Grand 
 Central Depot, at Fourth Ave.; an- 
 other ' bridge spans the River at 
 Madison Av. Next comes the- New 
 York Central Bridge, just above it 
 is the railv^'ay : bridge of the New 
 York & Putnain R. R., further up, 
 is High Bridge, the Croton Acqueduct 
 across the Harlem River Valley at 
 175th St. A short distance above 
 it another remarkable structure, called 
 the' Washington Bridge, spans the 
 stream. 
 
 Churches. — There are nearly 500 
 churches of aU denominations in the 
 
 297 
 
 14' 
 
Does it pay you to have your house 
 decorated and painted by inferior 
 workmen when you can have it 
 done by skilled workmen— by 
 artists— at the same price? 
 
 We can show you efiects 
 never before thought of, or 
 original schemes of stylish, 
 harmonious colorings— mo- 
 derate prices. 
 No home is Substantially Decorated 
 without our Tapestry Cloth on the 
 walls. . . . See Douthitis 
 Manual of Art Decor- 
 ation. 
 
 Tapestry Paintings 
 
 2,000 tapestry paintings to choose from, 38 artists employed, including 
 gold medalists of the Paris salon. 
 
 ©eeorafions 
 
 Write for color schemes, designs, estimates. Artists sent to all parts 
 of the world to do every sort of decorating and painting. We are 
 educating the country in color harmony, relief, wall paper, stained 
 glass, carpets, furniture, window shades, draperies, etc. Pupils taught 
 decoration. Send for a $ 25,00 color scheme to decorate your home. 
 
 101 $4anual of fi.vi Deeoration 
 
 The Art Book of the century. 200 royal quarto pages. 50 superb 
 full illustrations, 12 colored, of modern home interiors and tapestry 
 I studies. Send $ 2.00 for this superb book; worth % 5.00. 
 
ART SCHOOL 
 
 Six 3-hour Tapestry Painting Lessons, in studio, $5. Complete 
 printed instructions by mail, $ l. Tapestry paintings rented. Full- 
 size drawings, paints, brushes, etc., supplied. Nowhere, Paris not 
 excepted, are such advantages offered pupils. Send $ 1 for complete 
 instructions in Tapestry Paintings and compendium of 140 studies. 
 
 TAPESTRY MATERIALS 
 
 We manufacture Tapestry Materials. Superior to foreign goods and 
 
 half the price. Just for a trial we will send you two yards of our 
 
 50-iach goods for $ 1.50.. 
 
 GOBELIN PRINTED BURLAPS 
 
 Over 100 new styles for wall coverings at 25 cents a yards — 36 
 
 inches wide. This costing the same as wall paper at $ l.oo per roll. 
 
 240 kinds of Japanese Lidia Leather Paper at $ 2.00 per ro|l. 
 
 WALL PAPERS 
 
 New styles just in from lo cents per roll up. An amazing and 
 bewitchmg lot of new patterns; parlor, music room, library, dining 
 room and hall specialties. Antique, Metallic, French Pressed, Silk 
 and Lida effects in special colors to match. All kinds of Wood 
 Woik, Carpets and Draperies. At all hazards SEE OUR FINE 
 PRESSED PARLOR PAPERS WITH DRAPERIES TO MATCH. 
 If you will pay express or freight we will send you sample books 
 and draperies. 
 
 GOBELIN ART DRAPERY 
 
 To Match all Sorts of Papers, from 10 c. per yard up. 
 
 GRECIAN SOUDAN 
 
 RUSSIAN INDIAN 
 
 VENETIAN CALCUTTA 
 
 BRAZILIAN BOMBAY 
 
 ROMAN DRESDEN 
 
 ROCOCO DELFT 
 
 FESTOON MARIE ANTOINETTE 
 COLLEGE STRIPE 
 
 In order that we may introduce this line of New Art Goods, we 
 
 will send one yard each of fifty different kinds of our most choice 
 
 j>atterns, for Doll. 7^0. 
 
 J. F. DOUTHITT, 
 
 AMERICAN TAPESTRY & DECORATIVE CO. 
 
 286 FIFTH AVE., near 30th St., NEW YORK. 
 
city, and at any of them the visitor 
 is sure of a polite reception. The 
 following are the principal of those 
 the Sunday services of which are 
 most attended by strangers: Trinity 
 Church (Episcopal), in Broadway, 
 opposite Wall St., with cathedral 
 choral service; Trinity Chapel (Epis- 
 copal), 25th St., near Broadway; St. 
 George's (Episcopal), in Stuyvesant 
 Sq., E. 16th St.; Grace Chmch 
 (Episcopal), Broadway, near 10th St., 
 fine music; and St. Mary the Viigin 
 (Ritualistic), 135 W. 46th St. Of 
 the Roman Catholic chinches, the 
 Cathedral of St. Patrick (5th Ave. 
 between 50th and 51st Sts.), St. Leo's 
 (11 E. 28th St.), and St. Stephen's 
 (149 E. 28th St., famed for its 
 musical services), are most attended. 
 The Presbyterian churches of Dr. 
 John Hall (cor. 5th Ave. and 55th 
 St.) and the Brick Church (5th Ave. 
 and 37th St.) are very popular ; also 
 the Methodist Madison Ave. Chirrch 
 (cor. 60th St. and Madison Ave.); 
 the Unitarian Church of All Souls 
 (cor. 4th Ave. and 20th St.), and the 
 Church of the Messiah (cor. Park 
 Ave. and 34th St.); the Universalist 
 Church of the Divine Paternity (cor. 
 5th Ave. and 45th St.). Among the 
 Baptist churches are Fifth Avenue 
 (6 W. 46th St.) and Judson Me- 
 morial (S. Washington Square); the 
 Congregational Tabernacle (cor. 
 Broadway and 34th St.); the Re- 
 formed Dutch Collegiate Churches 
 (cor. 5th Ave. and 29th St. and cor. 
 5th Ave. and 48th St.) : the Sweden- 
 borgian Church (114 E. 35th St.); 
 and the Moravian (cor. Lexington 
 Ave. and 30th St). 
 
 The Sabbath (Saturday) services 
 of the Jewish Temple Emanuel (5th 
 Ave. cor. 43d St.) are very impres- 
 sive, and the interior decorations of 
 the building remarkably rich. The 
 newspapers on Saturday and Sunday 
 give the place and time of the most 
 important services of the ensuing 
 Sunday. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements. The 
 Metropolitan Opera-House, in Broad- 
 wa)^ between 39 th and 40 th Sts., is 
 the home of the grand opera during 
 the wiiiter season; also many of the 
 large balls are given there. 
 
 Other places of amusement include 
 
 the Acaidemy of Music, Irving Place 
 cor. 14th St.; American Theatre, 
 42 d St., between 7 th and SthAves.; 
 Bijou Theatre, Broadway, near 80th, 
 St ; Broadway Theatre, cor. Broad- ■ 
 way and 41 st St. ; Casino, cor. Broad- 
 way, and 39th St.: Columbus Theatre 
 112 E. 125th St.; Daly's Theatre, 
 cor. Broadway, and 80 th St. ; Empire 
 Theatre, cor Broadway and 40 th. St. ;■ 
 Fifth Avenue Theatre, cor. Broadway" 
 and 28th St.; Fourteenth St. Theatre 
 W. 14th St., near 6th Ave.; Garden 
 Theatre cor. Madison Ave. and 27 th 
 St.; Gar fick Theatre, 35th St. and 
 6 th Ave.; Grand Opera-House, cor.^ 
 8 th Ave. and 23 d St. ; Harlem Opera-" 
 House, 125th St., west of 7th Ave.;; 
 Herald Square Theatre, cor. Broad-, 
 way and 85th St.; Hoyt's Theatre,: 
 24th St., west of IBroadway; Ii-ving 
 Place Theatre, Irving Place and 15 th 
 St.; Knickerbocker Theatre, cor.Broad- 
 way and 88th St.; London Theatre, 
 235 Bowery; Lyceum Theatre, 4th 
 Ave. near 23d St.; Murray Hill 
 Theatre, Lexington Ave. near 42 d St. ; 
 Proctor's Pleasure Palace, 58 th St. 
 near 3d Ave.; Proctor's Theatre, 
 139 W. 28 d St.; Manhattan Theatre, 
 Broadway and 33 d St. ; Star Theatre, 
 Broadway and 18 th St.; Thalia 
 Theatre, Bowery south of Canal St. ; 
 Union Square Theatre, 14 th St., near 
 Broadway; Wallack's Theatre, Broad- 
 way and 80 th St. — Chickering Hall, 
 cor. 5 th Ave. and 18 th St., Carnegie 
 Music Hall^ cor. 57 th St. and 7 th 
 Ave., are concert and music halls: 
 also Koster & Bial's, W. 84 th St., 
 near Broadway; Weber & Fields, 
 W. 29th St. near Broadway; and 
 Olympia Music Hall, Broadway and 
 44 th St. 
 
 The Eden Musee, in 28d St.,between 
 5 th and 6 th Aves, is devoted to 
 wax-works. Summer-ni^ht Concerts 
 are given at the Lenox Lyceum, cor 
 Madison Ave. and 59 th St., and at 
 Madison Square Garden, Madison. 
 Ave. and 26 th St. Horse-races at 
 Morris Park, under the auspices of 
 the New York Jockey Club; and at 
 Sheepshead Bay near Coney Island, 
 vmder the auspices of the; Coney 
 Island Jockey Club, near Brooklyn. . 
 
 Industries and ^nanufactures. New 
 York is . the foremost manufacturing 
 city in America. There are about 
 
 300, 
 
11,000 factories, making upwards of 
 $ 500,000,000, of goods yearly. . 
 
 There is hardly an industry, whi'ch 
 is not represented in this city. 
 Interesting indeed is an inspection 
 of some of these stupendous enter- 
 prises ; of all the industries which have 
 developed into high eminence, the 
 manufacture of pianos, has probably 
 made the most pronounced and rapid 
 strides, not only as regards the great 
 number of instruments turned-out 
 yearly by numerous houses "engaged 
 in this business, but also by the 
 excellence of the nianufacture. If 
 you would like to see how a piano 
 IS made out of some raw materials, 
 visit the great Soh-mer factories at 
 Astoria. 
 
 Mess. Sohmer & Co. have without 
 doubt one of the finest and best 
 equipped pianoforte factories in the 
 world. Standing six stories in height, 
 with large entrances to the yards, 
 offices, etc. they present an imposing- 
 appearance. The Sohmer factories 
 are near 92 d St. ferry, and from 
 the tower of the main building a 
 most beautiful view may be taken 
 of the surrounding country. The East 
 River and its islands, with the public 
 institutions can also be seen, and 
 persons on board of steamers going 
 up or down the river, are able to 
 judge for themselves of the magnitude 
 of the factories. The warerooms of 
 Mess. Sohmer & Co. are Fifth Avenue 
 corner 22 d St. 
 
 A special feature in American 
 customs is the large consumption of 
 ice cream, the largest manufacturer 
 of ice-cream in the world is the 
 J. M. Horton Ice-Cream Co. They 
 supply nearly all the Transatlantic 
 steamers with ice-cream. This concern 
 has depots, in New York at 305 
 P^ourth Av., 598 6 th Ave., 110 E. 
 125 St., and in Brooklyn at 495 Fulton 
 St. and 478 Fifth Ave. 
 
 One of the most prosperous and 
 flourishing industrial enterprises is 
 the. splendid Brewery of Piel Bros, 
 located in East New York. The 
 brewery is reached from Brooklyn 
 Bridge by the Kings County Elev- 
 ated Railway or the Union Elevated 
 Road. Passengers alight ^t Atlantic 
 Ave. or at Alabama Ave. Station; 
 
 from there it is only a short distance 
 to this interesting manufactory. 
 Visitors are well received at the 
 brewery and may get an impression 
 of the high standard to which the 
 brewing industry has been brought 
 to in the United States. 
 
 Piel's Beer is on draught in most 
 of the prominent places in New York 
 City and is well appreciated as one 
 of the best domestic beers in the 
 country. 
 
 In connection with the East New 
 York Brewery is a hotel, beer-halls 
 and restaurant. The best society 
 has elected this place for its Rendez- 
 vous and place of recreation. Among 
 the many things to be seen there is 
 a large collection of drawings by 
 AUers. No visitors should fail to 
 inspect the East New York Brewery. 
 
 Another art-industry, recognized 
 by all to be of the greatest excellency, 
 is photography. Photographs of 
 New York and vicinity are sold at 
 Rockwood Phot. 1140 Broadway; 
 there are also amateur photographer's 
 specialties, developing, etc. 
 
 American homes are renowned for 
 their artistic interior and comfort. 
 
 To receive an impression of the 
 high artistic standing of enterprises, 
 which dealin artistic home-decorating, 
 visit, J. F. Dotithitt, American 
 Tapestry and Decorative Co., 286 
 5 th Ave., near 30 th St. 
 
 For those who want to build their 
 home here, we direct the attention 
 to the following addresses: 
 
 Eugen F. Cachel, 829 Amsterdam 
 Ave., builder and framer. 
 
 William Winter, 189 W. 101 St., 
 painter and decorator. 
 
 JohnWegmann,842WestBoulevard, 
 painter, decorator, and hard-wood 
 finisher. 
 
 . A. W. Anders, 74 W. 99 th St., 
 decorator, and upholsterer. 
 
 J. Graetzer, 874 Amsterdam, 
 upholsterer and decorator.- 
 
 Fred. Wm. Giesenhaus, 81 Wash- 
 ington St. Hoboken, painting and 
 paperhanging. 
 
 Iron Works. -C. Bartsch, 158 W. 
 100th St.; specialty, burglar alai-ms. 
 
 301 
 
Real Estate, — transactions: Chr. 
 Smith, 274 W. 135 th St. 
 
 P'or lovers of the weed, we can 
 recommend : 
 
 C. M. Freudenhammer, 334 E. 80th 
 St., manufacture and wholesale dealer 
 in fine cigars. 
 
 Heniy Loewe, . 815 Amsterdam 
 Ave., cigar store. 
 
 Schinasi Bros, 48 Broad St., manu- 
 facturers of original Egyptian Cig- 
 arettes. 
 
 Fraenkel Cigar Compan)', 14 th St. 
 and Union Square west, importers 
 and dealers in fine cigars. 
 
 Beer importers and dealers: Aug. 
 Liichow, 108 to 114 E. 14th St., 
 Wiirzburger Hofbrau. 
 
 Rudolph Oelsner, sole agent for 
 PUsener Biirger-Brau, and Niii-n- 
 berger Beer. 
 
 O. Meyer & Co., sole agent of 
 Annheuser Busch Brewing Asso- 
 ciation, St. Louis; offices in New 
 York, 24 to 27 West St., 12 th Ave. 
 cor. 130 th St. 
 
 Fr. Hollender & Co., 115,. 117 et 
 119 Elm Street, 193, 195, 197 
 Centre Street. Sole Agents for the 
 U. S. of German Empire Exp. Bre- 
 wery, (Kaiser Beer) Bremen. First 
 Actien Export Brewing Co., Pilsen. 
 G. .Sandler's Export Brewery, Culm- 
 bach. Brewery „Kochelbrau", Munich. 
 Fr. Erich's Export Brewery, Erlangen 
 and Wiirzburger Beer. — 
 
 Optician : A. Bechtold, 126 E. 23d St. 
 
 G. Untermann, manufacturer of Or- 
 thopaedic Appliances, 193 Third Ave. 
 
 HEALFH INSURANCE is open 
 to all — Men, Women and Children. 
 A chief cause of illness, and often 
 of death, is Chill! Against this in- 
 sidious foe Dr. Jaeger has shown 
 that there is only one permanent 
 self-working defence, viz. Clothing 
 which is non-heat-conducting, and 
 which maintains all parts of the 
 body at an equable temperature. 
 Clothing which msures health must 
 be made throughout of pure woolen 
 materials, for wool is non-heat- 
 conducting while lineh and cotton 
 are rapid heat-conductors, and 
 quickly cause chill, especially when 
 wet or damp. Witness the icy, 
 clammy feeling of a wet linen shirt, 
 and the fearful danger of sleeping 
 
 in damp, linen or cotton sheets! 
 On the other hand, how comfortable 
 and safe an athlete feels in his 
 flannels ! 
 
 It is of the utmost importance that 
 the clothing should be porous 
 throughout, in order to facilitate 
 the evaporation of the watery vapor 
 which is continually exhaled from 
 the skin, and which conveys from 
 the body matters that are highly 
 injurious if repressed or retained. 
 Linen and cotton underclothing and 
 linings retain the perspiration and 
 throw it back and are there^re un- 
 health}^, while the Porous Woolen 
 Jaeger Clothing, encourages and 
 maintains the full activity of the skin. 
 
 These considerations are of even 
 more weight in warm seasons and 
 climates than in cold. When the 
 skin is most freely exhaling, the 
 necessity of free evaporation, and 
 of protection from a chill which 
 would check the perspiration, is 
 greatest. The light Jaeger Woolens 
 aie the coolest as well as the safest 
 wear in warm weather and in hot 
 climates. 
 
 Those who do not want to go out 
 for Turkish Bath, may addi-ess the 
 Medical Vapor Bath Company, 29 
 Murray St. see advertisement. 
 
 Insurance: Equitable Life Assurance 
 Society, 120 Broadway. 
 
 Bankers: Ladenbui-g, Thalmann & 
 Co., 46 Wall St. 
 
 HOW TO TOUR MANHATTAN. 
 
 We recommend "doing" the city 
 by quarters and to begin with the 
 "Down - town District." Near the 
 hotel is a station of either the 6 th 
 or 3rd Avenue Elevated Railroad, 
 or the Broadway or Lexington Cable 
 car lines, which all convey the tourist 
 to Battery Place, a finely laid out 
 park, with a splendid view over the 
 Bay. The park is protected by a 
 massive granite seawall. In the early 
 years of the city, it was the site of a 
 fort and later on, was the fashionable 
 quarter. 
 
 At the southwest end is Castle 
 Garden, now used as an Aquarium. 
 At the S. end is the U. S. Revenue 
 barge office, and adjoining is the 
 statue of Ericsson. Just E. of the 
 
 302 
 
Telej>hone i£4g. i8th. 
 
 ♦f»»»«»»»«»»f«»»»» ♦'♦ ♦ ♦ 
 
 (aFE goULEYARD 
 
 156 SECOND AVENUE 
 
 VIENNA RESTAURANT Sammer Gardens Front and Rear. 
 
 TABLE D'HOTE and A LA CARTE Buropaische Zeitungen. 
 
 IMPORTED BEERS ON DRAUGHT Imported Wines. 
 
 HUNGARIAN GYPSY BAND. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 I. H. ROSENFBLD, Prop., 
 
 ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦»»♦»♦♦♦ ♦♦ 
 
 302a 
 
Batlery is Whitehall St., which we 
 follow up passing the U. S. Army 
 Building to Bowling Green. 
 
 This is a small oval of shrubbery 
 in a triangular space at the foot of 
 Broadway it is the oldest park in the 
 city and was the market place in the 
 early days of the Dutch- Town. 
 During the English reign a park was 
 made of it. Here was erected the 
 leaden statue of George III, which 
 the Americans pulled down in 1776, 
 and out of which they moulded 
 bullets to fire at the English. 
 
 The park is ornamented by a bronze 
 staiue of Abraham De Peyster, who 
 was, in 1700 about, the principal 
 merchant and most influential publi- 
 cist in New York. The row of six 
 buildings facing Bowling Green on 
 the S. sidd covers the location of 
 the Dutch and English Fort. 
 
 At No. 1 Broadway stands now 
 the Washington Building; it is the 
 site of a house built ia 1760 by 
 Archibald Keimedy, the collector of 
 the port, and was successively the 
 head-quarters of Lord Comwallis, 
 Lord Howe, Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, 
 Gen. Washington, and Talleyrand. 
 
 Straight across Bowling Green in 
 Whitehall St. is the Produce Ex- 
 change. 
 
 This building is 300 by 150 feet 
 in ground dimensions, 116 feet high 
 to the cornice of the roof, and 225 
 to the top of the tower. It stands 
 upon a foundation of 15,000 spruce 
 piles, and is fire-proof throughout. 
 
 Several large entrances admit to 
 the corridors, where are a branch 
 post-office, the offices of the Produce 
 Exchange Bank, and several other 
 corporations. Nine elevators are 
 constantly runniag, and visitors may 
 
 easily go to the foot of the tower, 
 where they are permitted to ascend 
 the stairways to its summit. 
 
 Leaving the Produce Exchange by 
 the Beaver St. entrance, we may 
 enter the interesting Restaurant of 
 Wiehl & Widman, and then walk 
 eastward through Beaver St. to 
 Broad St., with the beautiful Morris 
 Bui/ding on the corner. Beaver St. 
 is filled with offices of representatives 
 of foreign and domestic wiae and 
 liquor dealers. 
 
 On the other side of Broad St. 
 the Cotton Exchange comes sud- 
 denly into view, where all the dealings 
 in cotton in the United States con- 
 centrate. The opposite corner of 
 Beaver and William Sts. is covered 
 by the splendid buildiag of the 
 Corn Exchange Bank, the third 
 corner, by a magTiificent structtne 
 occupied by the Farmer's Loan & 
 Trust Company, and the fourth 
 corner by Delmonico's Restaurant. 
 A few steps farther and we aae on 
 Hanover Square, where we may 
 refresh ourselves at Johnson's 
 Restaurant and Cafe in the Old 
 Cotton Exchange. 
 
 Following up Pearl St. we turn 
 into Wall St., the financial center 
 of the United States. The houses 
 on both sides of Wall St. are filled 
 with the offices of Bankers and 
 Brokers. The block between Hanover 
 and. William Sts. is occupied by the 
 Custom House; it is a massive 
 structure of granite, with an Ionic 
 portico sustained by granite pillars 
 and reached by a broad flight of 
 steps, making an imposing effect. 
 The interior is one great rotunda, 
 covered by a dome. A bridge 
 across Exchange Place connects this 
 
 HOTEL AND F^ESTAURANT 
 
 102 EAST 14Ul STREET 
 
 -£ OPPOSITE STEINWAY HALL, jj- 
 
 GERMAN CUISINE. 
 
 103 
 
 ROOMS AT REASONABLE RATES. 
 
 808 
 
TURKISH BATH at BEDSIDE 
 
 HOT SPRINGS AT HOME. 
 Outfit Only r>oll. S.OO. 
 
 Last a Lifetime. Anybody Can Use One. 
 
 With one of these Bath Cabinets you can enjoy the benefits 
 and blessings of a Turkish, Russian Medicated Vapor or Hot Air 
 Bath, and without trouble at your bedside, sick or well. Cures 
 Rheumatism, Liver, Skin, Kidney, Blood and other diseases. 
 Promotes healthy sleep and makes one feel like a new man. 
 
 Bath Cabinet is made of anti-septic rubber cloth, held together 
 and in place by copper frame rings. Not affected by heat, cold 
 or moisture; adjusted and handled easUy by anyone. Easily 
 packed in a case 15 inches square and 22 inches high, and set 
 away anywhere. 
 
 Whole outfit, including copper rings, case and alcohol lamp, 
 only Doll. 5, and will last a lifetime. All one has to supply is 
 an ordinary wooden chair beneath which the lamp is placed. 
 
 All necessary instructions sent with bath. — Costs only TWO 
 CENTS for each bath. — Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. 
 — Send cash with order. — Send 2 stamps for catalogue. 25 
 
 MEDICAL VAPOR BATH 60., 
 
 26 Murray street 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 SCHEFFEL HALLE is a sight of. 
 Greater New York worth visiting by 
 every admirer of stylish settrags and de- 
 corations. 
 
 Urgemut^li4)e6 (Saiinlicnlotal in 
 
 UNEXCELLED CUISINE. 
 
 BEST IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC BEERS. 
 IMPORTtO RHINE AND BORDEAUX WINES. 
 
 304 
 
Pilsner 
 Burner Brau 
 
 ->< ♦ 
 
 RUDOLPH OELSNER, NEW YORK & CHICAGO. 
 
 Sole Agent for the U S.A. 
 
 Hotel Hungarla, 
 
 No. 4- Union Square, NEW YORK 
 
 FAMOUS FAMILY RESTAURANT well known for its unsurpassed 
 
 Cuisine and Service. 
 
 Table d'Hote Dinner from 5 to 8,30 p. m., 0,75 cent. 
 
 Luneh from 12 to 2,30, 0,50 cent. 42 
 
 Neumiiller & Schafer, Proprietors. 
 
 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 William Winter 
 
 PAINTER, AND DECORATOR 
 
 HardAvood Finisher. 
 
 28g WEST wist STREET. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 (1x5^ 
 
 'U 
 
 815 AMSTERDAM Av. 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 LARGE CHOICE OF DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED 
 
 @iGARs * Cigarettes * 
 
 33 
 
 iOBACCO. 
 
 305 
 
rotunda with a second building 
 where other offices are. Opposite 
 the Custom House, No. 46 Wall St. 
 is the magnificent building of the 
 Bank of AtneHca, where the offices 
 of the famous banking house oi 
 Mess Ladenb7irg Thalmann & Co. 
 are located. Then follows a cluster 
 of very striking buildings lately 
 erected and magnificent in all their 
 interior appointments. Corner Wall 
 and Nassau Sts. on the up-town side, 
 is the Assay Office and Stib- 
 Treasury of the United States. 
 The Assay Office No. 30 Wall St. 
 is the oldest building in the street. 
 It is open to visitors from 2 to 4 
 p. m. and is well worth a visit. 
 
 The Treasury stands upon the site 
 of the old Dutch City Hall and of the 
 subsequent Federal buildings, where 
 Washington was in augurated first 
 President of theUnited States, in 1789. 
 The broad llioht of steps is now broken 
 by a pedestal bearing J. Q. A. Ward's 
 colossal bronze statue of Wash- 
 ington Taking the Oath, which was 
 paid for by popular subsciption, and 
 unveiled in 1883. 
 
 The street running down-town 
 opposite the Treasury is Broad St., 
 where several cable and telegraph 
 offices, some enormous office IsuUd- 
 ings and the front of the Stock 
 Exchange are conspicuous. 
 
 The New York Stock Exchange 
 occupies a building extending through 
 from Broad to New St., with a pas- 
 sage-way from 15 Wall St. No one 
 except members is allowed upon the 
 floor. In the basement are extensive 
 safe deposit vaults, and the upper 
 stories are occupied by offices. The 
 hours are from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m., 
 and members are forbidden to make 
 any transactions except during those 
 hours. The dealings are wholly in 
 stocks, bonds, and other securities 
 which have been recognized or 
 "listed" by the Exchange. The most 
 prominent of these are represented 
 by name upon iron standards scat- 
 tered about the floor, around which 
 the selling and buying of those 
 particular securities goes on. 
 
 A younger organization with similar 
 purposes, is 
 
 The Consolidated Petroleum and 
 Stock Exchange, which has occupied 
 
 since April, 1888, a noble building 
 with large accommodations for bus- 
 iness, at the comer of Broadway and 
 Exchange Place. 
 
 The street at the side of the Sub- 
 Treasury is Nassau, which runs 
 straight north to City Hall vSquare, 
 the lower part of this street is 
 occupied wholy by banking houses 
 and office buildings. Corner Wall 
 and Nassau Sts. opposite the 
 Treasury is the white-stone edifice 
 of the Manhattan Trust Company. 
 Comer Nassau and Cedar Sts. is the 
 lofty and oxr\z.'ic^ Bank of Commerce 
 Building, In Cedar St. between 
 Nassau St. and Broadway is the New 
 Bank Clearing House. ,It is, in 
 many respects, the most beautiful 
 building in New York. The rooms 
 of the Clearing House Association, 
 comprising sixty-six banks, are on 
 the upper floor beneath the 
 skylighted dome. The ground floor 
 is occupied by the Chase National 
 Bank, whose offices are finished in 
 marbles, gUded stucco, and artistic 
 metal work. 
 
 We now turn into Broadway; some 
 of the costliest business structures 
 in the city are in Broadway below 
 Wall St. The offices of the North 
 German Lloyd are on Bowling Green 
 corner Whitehall St. We mentioned 
 already the Washington Building 
 No. I Broadway. We pass the 
 remarkable Bowling Green Building- 
 which is valued at $ 3,600,000, then 
 on the right side Welles Building, 
 the massive structure of the Stan- 
 dard Oil Company, on the left side 
 at No. 45, the antique entrance of 
 Alridge Court; on the E. side of 
 Broadway the Manhattan Life 
 Instirance Company at the cor. of 
 New St.; the cupola of this building 
 contains the office of the U. S. 
 Weather Bureau. A little farther up 
 we come to Trinity Church, lookhig 
 straight down Wall St. The church 
 yard and church are open to visitors 
 at all hours, it is in Gothic style of 
 brown-stone and is 192 ft. long, 80 
 ft. wide, and 60 ft. high, it has richly 
 stained glass windows and the finest 
 chime of bells in America. The 
 Astor memorial Reredos is remark- 
 able; it is 33 ft. wide and about 
 20 ft. high, its materials are marble 
 
 306 
 
glass and precious stones, the carving 
 IS very elaborate. W. _W. Astor 
 erected in 1894 memorial bronze- 
 doors, costing $100,000. The grave- 
 yard surrounding the church contains 
 many venerated tombs, among them 
 those of Alexander Hamilton, Captain 
 Lawrence, Robert Fulton, and Char- 
 lotte Temple. In the northeast cor. 
 is a Gothic Monument erected to 
 the memory of the patriots who died 
 in New York during the Revolution. 
 
 Corner of Broadway and Pine St. 
 is the Building of The American 
 Stu-ety Ccitn^any,ihe loftiest commer- 
 cial edifice in the world, having 21 
 fire-proof floors in addition to base- 
 ments. At No. 120 Broadway rises 
 the palatial home of the Equitable 
 Life Assurance Society. 
 
 This towering and sumptuous 
 structure should not be neglected by 
 the sight-seer. Its broad ground- 
 floor corridor runs straight through 
 to Nassau St., and forms a brilliant 
 arcade, paved, walled, and adorned 
 with vari-colored marbles, and illumi- 
 nated by electricity, along which 
 elegant little shops and restaurants 
 are arranged. The letter chute and 
 pneumatic despatch tubes on this 
 floor should be looked at, too. In 
 the basement is a grand array of 
 hydraulic pumps and other machinery, 
 and the largest electric lighting 
 plant ia the city devoted to a single 
 establishment. Taking any one of 
 the several elevators the visitor may 
 be carried to the top story and 
 ascend to the roof, where an exten- 
 sive view of the city is obtained — 
 a pleasure which no one ought to 
 forego. 
 
 We pass then Liberty Street and 
 Cortland St. devoted largely to 
 machinery depots; Maiden Lane, the 
 abode of jewelers; Dey St. with the 
 Western Union Telegraph Com- 
 pany's Building; and Fulton Street, 
 the latter extremely busy all the 
 way to Fulton Market on the East 
 side and Washington Market on 
 West side. Here begins the long 
 list of newspapers, which congregate 
 between Fulton St. and the Brooklyn 
 Bridge. Comer of Fulton St. and 
 and Broadway, is the lofty building 
 of " The Evening Post ', opposite, 
 on Broadway, is the ornamental 
 
 home of " The Mail and Express" . 
 Opposite is St. Paul's Church, the 
 Astor Building. We are now in 
 front of the POST OFFICE, a large 
 buildiag at the junction of Broad- 
 way and Park Row. The structure 
 is five stories high, besides abasement. 
 About 2500 men are employed in 
 the New York Post Office for handling 
 the 900,000,000 letters, newspapers 
 etc. going through this office an- 
 nually. The General Delivery (poste 
 restante) windows are near the 
 front entrance; the stamp selling 
 windows are on the Broadway and 
 Park Row sides. Letters can be 
 asked for and stamps bought all 
 night, as well as during the day. 
 On Sunday, the office is open from 
 g,oo a. m. — ii.'O a. m.. only. The 
 Money Order, Registered Letter 
 and other special offices, are upstairs 
 and open from 9,00 a. m. to 5,00 
 p. m. 
 
 Broadway stretches northward, west 
 of the Building and Park Row East, 
 towards the Bowery. At the rear 
 of the Post Office is City Hall Park. 
 Just across from this park is Print- 
 ing House Square, an open paved 
 space, the center of which, is occu- 
 pied by a Statue of Benjami^z 
 Franklin. Around this limited space 
 are published: "The Tribuize", 
 in front of which is the Statue of 
 Horace Greeley, the founder of this 
 famous paper; "Journal", "Sun", 
 " World", "Press", " Times", "News ', 
 and "Staats-Zeitung'' The Cupola 
 of the World Building is open to 
 visitors daily from 9 — 1. The rush 
 and turmoil of traffic at this point 
 are simply indescribable. We are 
 at the entrance to the Brooklyn 
 Bridge, which is best visited now, 
 provided the visitor has no time to 
 tour Brooklyn. Turning to the left, 
 we are on City Hall Square. The 
 brown stone house, close to the 
 bridge, is the Hall of Records. The 
 City Hall is in the center of the 
 square. The building was completed 
 in 1812, being universally admired 
 for its pure design and mai-vellous 
 execution of each detail. Within 
 the budding, the only attraction for 
 the visitor is the Governor s Room, 
 containing many portraits and some 
 historical relics, among the latter: 
 
 307 
 
Equitable Building. 
 
 308 
 
ton wi-iting-desk, on which Washing- 
 the wrote his first message to Con- 
 gress. North of the City Hall, is 
 the Court House, of white marble, 
 in the Corinthian stile. The building 
 and furniture cost 12,000,000, its 
 erection being the occasion' of much 
 of tire fraud and peculation on the 
 part of the "Tweed Ring". Here 
 sit; the Court of Common Pleas, 
 Supreme Court and Surrogate's Court. 
 Other civil tribunals have quarters 
 elsewhere. In the south-west comer 
 of City Hall Park, facing Broadway, 
 is the hxovLZQ Statue 0/ Nathan Hale, 
 the martyr spy of the Revolution. 
 
 Opposite City Hall Park, on Broad- 
 way, are the naagnificent buildings 
 oi the Postal Telegraph and Home 
 Instirance Companies. We follow 
 up Broadway, passing the wholesale 
 district, railway offices, many retail 
 stores and some hotels, to Third St 
 
 One block E. is Lafayette Place, 
 the great brick structure at the foot 
 of the place is the Mission of the 
 
 Imma.culate Virgin, a Roman Catho 
 lie Home for street-boys; at the comer 
 of the building stands the statue of 
 Father Drumgoole, the founder of 
 this institute. Corner Fourth St. 
 and Lafayette Place is the Diocesan 
 House of the Episcopal Church. But 
 the most conspicions building is the 
 Astor Library; its halls, collection of 
 portraits and busts, and the curiosi- 
 ties of literature displayed in the cases 
 at the head of the main staircase are 
 worth examining. This_ brings us 
 to the convergence of Astor Place 
 and 8 th St. In Astor Place 
 is Clinton Hall containing the Mer- 
 cantile Library. On the little opening, 
 stands the statue of Samuel S. Cox. 
 At the E. end of Astor Place is 
 Cooper Institute, a brown -stone 
 building occupying the square bound- 
 ed by 3d and 4th Aves. and 7th 
 and 8 th Sts. In front of this building, 
 facing down the Bowery, stands a 
 bronze sitting fnomiment to Peter 
 Cooper, who erected the institute in 
 1857 at a cost of $ 630,000; the 
 purpose is philanthropic and embrac- 
 es _ day and evening schools of 
 various kmds. There are art schools 
 for men and women, free school of 
 telegraphy and of type-writing for 
 women, and a free reading-room and 
 
 3Q9 
 
 library. Opposite the rear of Cooper 
 Union is the Bible Hotise; it is an 
 immense brick ^ house occupying a 
 whole block, bounded by Fourth 
 Ave. and Third Ave. , 8 th and 9 th 
 Sts. The building .was erected in 
 1852 by 'the American Bible Society, 
 and here are the head -quarters of 
 the Society. 
 
 Walking along' 8th St. to the E. 
 we come to St. Mark's Church, cor. 
 Second Ave. and 10 th St. Across 
 the street is the Baptist Tabernacle. 
 
 We' are now in Second Ave. con- 
 taining the residences of many wealthy 
 Germans. 
 
 "Cafe Botilevard' , 156 Second 
 Ave., is quite near and just the place 
 to take a little rest: On the corner 
 of 11th St. is the building of the 
 New York Historical Society, and 
 on the cor. of 13 th St. the N. Y. 
 Eye and Ear Infirmary. At the 
 left cor. 14th St. stands the old 14th 
 St. Presbyterian Church. At 15 th 
 St. we find the beautiful Stuyvesant 
 Square, occuping the space of four 
 blocks and smrounded by elegant 
 residences. 
 
 The double-towered church over- 
 looking the square is St. George's. 
 
 We now turn westward through 
 20 th St., recross Third Ave., and 
 come to Gratnercy Park; this park 
 is the property of the owners, 
 of the surrounding property arid 
 its gates are open only tc these 
 •proprietors. No. 120, 20 th St. is the 
 Club House of the Players. Gramercy 
 Park is surrounded by the residences 
 of wealthy families. S. fromGramercy 
 Park runs Irving Place to 14 th S.- 
 Corner 15 th St. and Irving Place is 
 the Irving Place Theatre, the 
 foremost German Play House in the 
 city. Nearly opposite, cor. 14th St. 
 is the Academy of Music. We are 
 now in front of Aug. Ltichow's 
 famous restattrant and after a visit 
 to it, the tomist may inspect 
 Tammany Hall, diagonally opposite 
 Liic how. — Fourtenth St. is one 
 of the most important thoroughfares 
 and full of metropolitan life. At the 
 cor. of Third Ave. and 14 th St. are 
 the warerooms of the piano factory 
 of Sohmer & Co. Following 14th 
 St. westward, we pass Stemway Hall, 
 on the right, and Ernst Wiehl's 
 
HEADQUARTERS FOR 
 Harry Johnson's New& Improved Illustrated Bartender's Manual. 
 
 STUITILI BIOS. 
 
 SUCCESSORS TO HARRY JOHNSON. 
 
 64. 
 
 Caf6 & Restaurant 
 
 1 <fe S HanoTer Square 
 
 Old Cotton Exchange Building. NEW YORK. 
 
 Restaurant and Cafe, on the left, 
 and reach Union Square. Some blocks 
 South on Broadway, is Grace Church 
 (Episcopal) at 10 th St. and Broad- 
 way: it is built of white limestone, 
 having the appearance of marble, 
 whereas the spire is of pure marble. 
 The style is decorated Gothic and 
 the Rectory and adjoining building 
 are harmoniously adapted to it. The 
 interior and windows of Grace 
 Church are very richly decorated. 
 Union Square is a pretty park, three 
 and a half acres in extent and filled 
 with trees, shrubberies, and green- 
 lawns ; in the center is a fine bronze 
 fountain. At the southeastern end 
 are ; the bronze equestrian statue of 
 Washington and a bronze statue of 
 Lafayette by Bartholdi; on the W. 
 is a bronze statue of Lincoln. 
 Union Square ' is bounded, E. by 
 Fourth Ave., with the Union Square 
 Hotel on the cor. of 15th St.; on 
 the N. by 17 th St. ; W. by Broadway, 
 with the jewelry store of Tiifany & 
 Co. on the cor. 15 th St. Further up 
 are some well known music stores. 
 Above Union Square, Broadway con- 
 tains a number of large dry-goods 
 and carpet ware-houses and others. 
 We walk silong Fourteen St. W., 
 passing large retail stores, to Six 
 Ave., just west of Six Ave. is the 
 14th St. Theatre, beyond is the gth 
 Regiment Armory. Then we turn 
 up Sixth Ave. £ind pass through the 
 department store district to 23 d St. 
 Just west of Sixth Ave. in 23 d St. 
 is Proctor's Theatre. We turn east- 
 ward till we reach Madison Square. 
 Here Broadway crosses Fifth Ave. 
 forming an open paved Plaza, which is 
 
 one of the most lively points in New 
 York, especially in the afternoon. 
 
 The park itself comprises about 
 6 acres and is bounded by Fifth Ave. 
 on the W., 26 th St. on the N., 
 Madison Ave. on the E., and 23 d St. 
 on the S. The park is beautifully 
 shaded; a beautiful fountain stands 
 in the center of the square. At the 
 soutwest cor. of the park is a sitting 
 statue of William^ H. Seward; at 
 the northwest cor. is a Statue of 
 David Farragut. Nearly opposite, 
 in a little square between 5 th Ave. 
 and Broadway, stands the granite 
 Obelisk erected by the city in 1857 
 to the memory of Worth, the hero 
 of the Mexican war. 
 
 The magnificent marble building, 
 cor. Madison Ave. and 28 d St., is 
 the Central office of the Metropolitan 
 Life Lnsurance Company. The 
 church above, is the Madison Avenue 
 Presbyterian. 23 d St. to the E. from 
 Madison Square is the home of 
 opticians. Comer Fourth Ave. and 
 23 d St. is the National Academy of 
 Design, it is built of gray a.nd 
 white marbles and blue-stone, copied 
 from a famous place in Venice Every. 
 spring and fall, exhibitions of 
 American artists are held here. 
 
 Opposite, is the building of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association ; 
 besides a library, free reading room, 
 gymnasium etc., it contains a large 
 lecture hall. On the southeast cor. 
 in a large building, is the Society 
 for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Children. The next building on 
 Fourth Ave. is the home of the 
 Charity Organization Society, op- 
 posite is the Bank for Savings. 
 
 810 
 
On Fourth Ave. and 18 th St. is 
 the "Hotel Bellevedere" . On Fourth 
 Ave. above 23 d St. is the Lyceum 
 Theatre. We walk up Fourth Ave. 
 to 26 th St. ; there we reach Madison 
 Square Garden, occupying the 
 whole square bounded by 26 th and 
 2,7 th Sts., and Fourth and Madison 
 Aves. Madison Square Garden is 
 one of the grandest structures in the 
 city and has the largest auditorium 
 in America. Here is held annually 
 the famous horse-show, one of the 
 most prominent social events in 
 New York, and other shows and 
 expositions. 
 
 We again go westward to Broad- 
 way, which runs from Madison 
 Square two miles north to Central 
 Park passing a number of theatres 
 and hotels, among them the Fifth 
 Ave. Theatre cor. 28 th St., Daly's 
 Theatre, cor. 30 th St. W., Wallack's 
 Theatre cor. 30 th St. E. At 35 th 
 St. we reach Herald Sqtiare, where 
 Broadway crosses Sixth Ave. The 
 magnificent Herald Bttildin^, bound- 
 ed west by Broadway and east by 
 Sixth Ave., is well worth a visit. At 
 33 d St. and Broadway is the 
 Greeley Monument. At 35 th St. in 
 front of the Herald Building-, is the 
 bronze stdttie of William E. Dodge. 
 A few houses from Herald Square 
 in 34 th Street is the Music Hall of 
 Koster & Bial. We follow up 
 Broadway: cor. 38th St. is the 
 Knickerbocker Theatre; cor. 39th 
 St. the Casino Theatre; opposite 
 is the Metropolitan Opera House, 
 occupying the whole block between 
 39th and 40th Sts., cor. 40th St. E. 
 is the Em.fire Theatre; cor. 41st 
 St. the Broadway Theatre; cor. 
 44 th St. the Olympia Music Hall. 
 
 Then Broadway runs up to 59 th St. 
 without offering any thing inter- 
 esting. Following 7 th Ave. we 
 reach corner of 57thSt., the Carnegie 
 Mtisic Hall, and two blocks farther 
 up, we reach Central Park. 
 
 Central Park is the chief-park of 
 New York, covering over IV* square 
 miles of planted ground. It is 
 centrally located and accessible from 
 all parts of the City. The elevated 
 Railroads have stations not far east 
 and west. The Mall, near the 5 th 
 Ave. entrance, is the principal 
 promenade. At various points are 
 bronze statues of Shakespeare, 
 Columbus, Walter Scott, Goethe, 
 Burns, Halleck and Daniel Webster, 
 also the Puritan and 7 th Regiment 
 statues. Near the south of the 
 Mall is the bronze group of "The 
 Indian Hunter and his Dog" and 
 near the upper end "The Falkener". 
 Concerts are given on Saturday and 
 Sunday afternoons in the summer in 
 the Kiosk in the upper part of the 
 Mall. This promenade is terminated 
 on the North by The Terrace. At 
 the right are the beautiful Wistaria 
 Bower and the Casino Restaurant. 
 Descending the Terrace by a flight 
 of stone stairs. Central Lake is 
 reached. Between the Lake and 
 terrace is a costly fountain with large 
 granite basins and a colossal statue 
 of the Angel of Bethesda. The 
 Ramble, covering 36 acres of sloping 
 hills, and abounding in shady paths, 
 lies North of Central Lake, which 
 offers a most delightful view. The 
 Ramble is crowned by a tower, 
 called the Bellevedere. Above the 
 Bellevedere is the Old Croton 
 Reservoir, and stUl farther above, the 
 New Reservoir\^o\^va.^ 1,000,000,000 
 
 SYNDICATE BUILDING 
 56 & 58 Liberty Street. 35 & 37 Nassau Street. 
 
 Headquarter for the most celebrated 
 
 foreign Beers and Importer of Rhinewines, 
 
 FRITZ LINDINGER, Propriefor, NEW YORK. 
 
 311 
 
gallons. At the south-east is 
 the Zoological Garden or Menagerie ; 
 at 82 d St. and 5 th Ave. is the 
 Metropolitan Museum of Art. It 
 contains a fine collection of paint- 
 ings by old and modern masters 
 and usually has on exhibition col- 
 lections ol statuary, pottery, arms, 
 coins, antiques etc. The famous 
 Cesnola collection of Cypriote Antiq- 
 uities is housed here. The Metropol- 
 itan Museum is open daily from 
 10 a. m. till sunset and Sundays 
 from 1. p. ni. ' 
 
 West of the. Museum of Ai't, on 
 an eminence, stands the EgjqDtian 
 Obelisk (Cleopatra's Needle). This 
 monument, one of the most ancient 
 in the world, was presented to the 
 City of New York by Ismail Pasha. 
 It was brought to this country 
 at the expense of William H. Van- 
 derbilt. 
 
 Adjoining Central Park on the 
 West between 77th and 81st Streets 
 is another Park, Manhattan Square. 
 On this square is the American 
 Museum of Natural History in a 
 lafge building containing Indian anti- 
 quities, minerals, shells, and stuffed 
 and mounted specimens of all sorts 
 of animals. Open to the public daily 
 from 9 to 5, and on Sundays from 
 1 p. m. to 5 p. m. 
 
 Other statues in the park are: 
 
 Beetltoven, bronze bust, on the 
 Mall; a granite statue of Alexander 
 Hainilton, on the East Drive, above 
 the Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 The bronze bust of Htim.boldt, 
 near the 5th Ave. and 59th Str. 
 entrance. 
 
 The bronze bust ol Thotnas 
 Moore, near the pond and 5th Ave. 
 entrance. 
 
 The bronze statue of Morse, the 
 inventor of the telegraph, near 5th 
 Ave. and 72d St. entrance. 
 
 The bronze bust of Schllier, in 
 the Ramble. 
 
 The Pilgrijn, bronze statue near 
 East 72d St. entrance. 
 
 The bronze statue of Thorwaldsen, 
 59th St. facing 6th Ave. 
 
 The equestrian statue of Simon 
 Bolivar, at the West 81st St. en- 
 trance. 
 
 A bronze figure representing 
 
 31 
 
 Commerce, near the 8th Ave. and 
 5th Ave. entrance. 
 
 Bust of Cervantes. 
 
 We return ' from the park by 
 America's grandest street. Fifth Ave. 
 From 89th to 60th Sts. the avenue 
 over looks themost improved portion 
 of the park, and the houses are 
 mostly homes of democratic-princes. 
 
 As a whole the effect is harmonious, 
 though no two residences iji the line 
 are alike. It is a solid mile and a 
 half of millionaire's residences, ex- 
 cept where a vacant lot awaits the 
 coming of still another Croesus to 
 ipiprove it. Between 90tli St. and 
 Harlem there is only one residence 
 in Fifth Ave. to be mentioned, that 
 is at the cor. of 92d St. occupied by 
 Jacob Ruppert. Between 89th and 
 88th Sts. is the residence of Joseph 
 H. Penniman. Between 87th and 
 86th Sts., Gen. C. H. T. Collis resides. 
 The block between 85th and 84th 
 Sts. is occupied, 1033, E. P. Hatch, 
 1082, Samuel Roosevelt, 1030, James 
 H. Hammersly. At the cor. of 
 83d St. is the home of Mrs. E. S. 
 Arnold. In the block between 81st 
 and 80th Sts., Mr. Louis Stearn is 
 building a palatial home. At the 
 cor. of 78th St. stands one of the 
 most dignified residences opposite 
 the park, it was built by Henry 
 H. Cook. At the S. cor. of 77th St. 
 Oliver H. P. Belmont is erecting one 
 of the most splendid mansions in 
 the city. In the block between 76th 
 and 75th Sts., stands the Synagogue. 
 In the blocks between 75th and 
 71st Sts. are the residences of Alfred 
 M.Iloyt, Jacob H. Schiif, R. Guggen- 
 heimer, N. Palmer und James A* 
 Burden. The block between 71st 
 and 70th Sts. is occupied by the 
 Lenox Libray. Between 70th and 
 61st vSts, are residences, among which 
 are to be mentioned : W. C. Whitney's 
 at the cor. of 68th St., at the opposite 
 corner is the New York home of 
 Charles T. Yerkes, the well known 
 railroad man of Chicago; Mr. Isaac 
 Steam's residence, one of the hand- 
 somest and most coitiplete houses, on 
 the avenue, is near 67th St. ; George 
 J. Gould possesses the N. cor., and 
 H. O. Armour the S. cor of 67th 
 St. The next house belongs to 
 
PeiTy Belmont; H. O. Havemeyer 
 of the Sugar Trust occupies the fine 
 granite mansion at the N. cor. of 
 66th' St. Nos. 846 and 845, occupied 
 by Andrew J. White and Williain 
 Demuth, enjoy the reputation of 
 being perfectly finished in the 
 interior construction. The N. cor. 
 of 65th St. is occupiedby the John 
 Jacob Astor mansion, nd immedia- 
 tely to the north is Mis Caroline 
 Astor's house. The houses are so 
 constructed that they may be thrown 
 into one. The next block contains 
 the dwellings of W. Watts Sherman, 
 at No. 837, and Isidor Wormser at 
 No. 836.. The N. cor of 64th St. 
 is the site of the residence of George 
 Crocker, a California millionaire. 
 No. 825 is occupied by William 
 V. Brokaw. The No. cor. of 63d St. 
 is taken up by the Progress Club, 
 a fashionable Hebrew organization. 
 The block between 63d and 62d Sts. 
 is occupied by elegant residences 
 and so is the following block to 
 61st St. On the S. cor. of 61st St. 
 stands the splendid mansion of 
 Elbrige T. Geiry; it is , onfe of the 
 most imposing dwellings in its 
 exterior appearance in the city, and 
 in its interior finish nothing that 
 iart has devised is lacking. One 
 feature of it is Mr. Gerry's library, 
 the largest and most complete private 
 collection of law books in this 
 country. 
 
 The mile and a half of millionaire 
 houses starts with the ,, Millionaire's 
 Club", the Metropolitan at the N. 
 cor. of 60th St. This brings us to 
 the Plaza at the entrance of Central 
 Park, where the New Netherland and 
 Savoy Hotels, on the east side, and 
 the Pla^a Hotel on the W. side, form 
 a conspicious trio of modern build- 
 ings. The costly and spacious palace- 
 like mansion of Cornelius Vanderbilt 
 fills the S. side of the Plaza between 
 58th • -and 5-7 th -Sts. At the cor., of 
 E. 58th St., stands C. P. Hunting- 
 ton's ]a]*ge stone house. No. 693 
 is the splendid residence of Calvin 
 S. Brice. At 54th St. 689 is the 
 house of William Rockefeller, and 
 685 that of H. M. Flagler. St. 
 Thomas Church occupies the north- 
 west cor. of 53d St., it is one of the 
 
 worship. Its paintings by La Farge 
 and its illuminated windows are 
 justly admired. The next building 
 of striking appearance is the R. C. 
 Orphan Asyhim. Near 52d St. 
 No. 660 is the home of W. K. 
 Vanderbilt. No. 642 is the residence 
 of Wm. D. Sloane. On the north- 
 west cor. of 53d St., is where Wm. 
 H. Vanderbilt lived, and where his 
 widow is still domiciled. At No. 634 
 lives D. O. Mills, the California 
 millionaire. And opposite, the Cathe- 
 dral fills the block from 50th to 
 51st Sts., it is the great show-church 
 of the city, and should not be missed 
 to be visited. The architect was 
 James. Renwick, the corner stone 
 was laid on Aug. 15th 1858, on May 
 25th 1879 the structure was dedicated 
 by Cardinal Mc. Closkey. The plan 
 is a Latin cross, and the dimensions 
 are: Length, 306 ft., breadth of nave 
 and choir, 96 ft. without the chapels 
 and 120 ft. with the chapels; length 
 of the transept, 140 ft. ; height, 108 ft. ; 
 height of side isles, 54 ft. The towers 
 rise square to 136 ft., where they 
 change into octagonal lanterns 54 ft. 
 high, over wich are the spires, 140 ft. 
 in height, making the total height of 
 each tower and spire 330 ft. ; they 
 are flanked by massive buttresses 
 decorated with very light and beaut- 
 iful tabernacles at each offset, and 
 terminated by clustered pinnacles, 
 which, join the buttresses of the 
 octagonal lanterns. The spires are 
 octagonal, built in two stories, have 
 rich moulding in the angles, and the 
 faces paneled with traceries; they 
 terminate in a magnificent foliage - 
 finial carrying crosses made of 
 copper. Circular stone stairways are 
 carried up in the buttresses of the 
 towers, and a full chime of bells 
 will soon be placed at a height of 
 110 ft. above the ground. These 
 twin spires are newer than the i-est 
 of- the church and stiU white and 
 perfect. They are visible for a long 
 distance, should be studied through 
 an opera-glass to realize how fine 
 and beautiful is the carving, and are 
 a subject of pride and delight to all 
 the citizens of the metropolis. ■ 
 
 The Interior of the Cathedral, 
 like its exterior, is eruciform, divided 
 
 most fashionable up-town houses of | in its ground-plan into a nave, Jtwo 
 
 fel3 
 
transepts, and a choir or sanctuary. 
 The building is lighted by gas-gets 
 placed for the most part around the 
 capitals of the great central columns, 
 and is heated by steam, it is open 
 at all reasonable hours, and the 
 verger will answer any questions. 
 Remarkable are the different altars 
 and pulpit. The" windows of St. 
 Patrick's Cathedral are all the product 
 of French art-workers, and thought 
 the finest collection of painted glass 
 in the world. 
 
 The painimgs in the north and 
 south transepts, representing „The 
 Baptism of Our Lord", "The Mar- 
 riage Feast of Cana", "The Return 
 of the Prodigal Son", St. Patrick 
 preaching at Tara", ""The Sistine 
 Madonna", and "The Transfiguration 
 of Our Lord", were presented by 
 the late Hon. John Kelly. The 
 picture hanging over St. Joseph's 
 Altar on the wall of the sacristy is 
 a copy of the celebrated "Madonna 
 del Sacco" painted by Andrea Del 
 Sarto in the Church of the Servi, 
 Florence. 
 
 In the next block further down, 
 are the Buckingham Hotel and the 
 Belgravia apartments. 
 
 On 46th St. stands the Collegiate 
 Dtitch Reformed Church. Between 
 46th- and 47th Sts. is the Windsor 
 Hotel. The church with the angels 
 upon the foiur corners of the tower, 
 is the Church of the Heavenly Rest. 
 The church diagonally opposite on 
 the southwest cor. of 45th St. is the 
 Divine Paternity, one of the three 
 Universalist churches in the city. 
 The corners of 44th St. are filled by 
 the New Delmonico's and Sherry's. 
 We pass in west 43d St. the Cent- 
 ury's new club-house. On the north- 
 east cor. of 43d St. stands the be- 
 autiful S \nagogue Emanu-El, which 
 is the finest specimen of Moorish 
 architecture in America. Opposite, 
 
 at 506, is the city house of Russell 
 Sage; next to it the Bristol. We 
 are now on 42d St. the great tho- 
 roughfare of this middle part of the 
 metropolis, to the E. the massive 
 walls and roofs of the Grand Central 
 Depot will be seen, to the W. standi 
 the old distributing Reservoir and 
 Bryant Park. Bryant Park com- 
 prises the territory from the Reser- 
 voir to Sixth Ave., and 42d to 40th 
 Sts.; it is well laid out and contains 
 the bronse bust of Irving and the 
 statue of Dr. Marion Sitns. The 
 Reservoir will shortly be removed 
 and a splendid Public Library will 
 be built here. Continuing down Fifth 
 Ave. we see, at No. 459, the splendid 
 home of Fred W. A'anderbilt. At 
 450 is the Republican Club. At the 
 cor. of 39th St.- rises the conspicuos 
 front of the Union League Club. 
 At No. 435, is the club-house of 
 Delta Kappa Epsilon; the cor. of 
 37th St. IS the" site of the Brick 
 Church, the most fashionable Pres- 
 byterian Church. The St. Nicholas 
 Club is on the southwest cor. of 
 36th St. The block between 86th 
 and 37th Sts. on the E. side is taken 
 up by the house of Pierre Lorillard. 
 On the W. side, Mr. J. C. Drayton's 
 house will be admired. On the south- 
 west cor. of 35th St. the New York 
 C/ub has its home. The palace of 
 white Marble, standing upon a terrace 
 on the cor. of 34th St. belongs to 
 A. T. Stewart, and has been leased 
 for a long time by the Manhattan 
 Club. On the other side of 34 th St. 
 rises the magnificent hotels, Waldorf 
 and Astoria, the most luxurious 
 hotels in the world. The interior is 
 highly artistic and modern and includes 
 elegant concert rooms, private 
 parlors etc. At No. 319 Fifth Ave. 
 is the Coaching Club. Opposite 
 the Waldorf on 33 d St. the is the 
 Cambridge Hotel. The Knicker- 
 
 nm%h wwrnnrnw 
 
 Nos. 161 and 163 LEXINGTON AVENUE 
 
 COR. 30th STREET. NETT YORK. 
 
 Special Family House. French and Araerican Table. Moderate prices. 
 Oasa Especial Para Familias. Mesa Cubana y Francesa. Precios Moderados. 
 
 81 Lunch 40 Crs. 'Vwv dinner 50 Cts. 
 
 8U 
 
backer Chtb is on the northeast cor. 
 of 32 d St. Then we pass Hol- 
 land House, the Collegiate Church 
 on the northwest cor. of 29 th St., 
 and the Calumet Club on the north- 
 east cor. of 29 th St. Just E. of 
 Fifth Av. in 29 th St. is the Church 
 of the Tranfiguration , known 
 all over the country as "the little 
 church round corner". A menaorial 
 window to Henry Montague is one 
 of its features, and nearly all actors 
 and actresses who die in New York 
 are buried from it. The Victoria 
 Hotel is on the southwest cor. of 
 27 th St. Delmonico's and the Bruns- 
 wick at 26 th St. We cross Madison 
 Square, pass the Hoffman House 
 and the Fifth. Avenue Hotel at the 
 cor. of 23 d St., and walk down 
 Fifth Ave., which is here given up 
 to trade. On the comer of W. 22d St. 
 is the newly opened splendid Sohmer 
 Building. On the cor. of W. 21st. 
 St. is the Union Club; opposite 
 are the headquarters of the Baptist 
 Chtirch; at the southwest cor. of 
 20 th St. are the Methodist head- 
 quarters and the headquarters of the 
 Presbyterians are close by. 
 
 Chickering Hall is the large low 
 building on the northwest cor. of 
 18 th St. The prevalence of piano 
 dealers is noted before crossing the 
 busy current of 14th St. Then we 
 are in the district of makers of 
 school books and apparatus. The 
 church on the cor. of 12 th St. is the 
 First Presbyterian, and that next 
 is the Church of the Ascension. 
 Eighth St. is here called Clinton 
 Place, and the white front of the 
 Brevoort House will attract attention. 
 Then we pass the residences of well 
 known families and enter Wash- 
 ington Square under the noble 
 curve of the Centennial Arch, 
 completed in 1893. The park at 
 Washington Sq. is 9 acres in extent 
 and occupies the site of the old 
 Potters' Field, wherein more than 
 100,00Q bodies are buried. On the 
 N. side of Washington Sq. are still 
 many oldfashioned residences. Many 
 well known literary men and artists 
 live in this neighborhood. On one 
 side stands a lofty structure, in the 
 top of which, the University of the 
 City of New York is located. The 
 
 district S. of this square is inhab- 
 ited by a mixture of Italians and 
 negros and cithers fallen into the 
 deepest social degradation. The 
 Italian element predominates, and to 
 this people the ^city owes the bronze 
 statue of Garibaldi, which faces the 
 fountain. The street running down. 
 from_ Washington Sq. is S. Fifth Ave., 
 and in the neighborhood of Bleecker 
 St. is the French quarter of the city. 
 The W. side below Washington Sq. 
 offers nothing of special interest 
 for the tourist. 
 
 We follow up Broadway to 59th 
 Street; here B'dway and 8th Ave. 
 meet at the Circle. The Circle 
 contains a fine marble monument 
 of Colum,bus given to the city in 
 1892 by the Italian-American citizens. 
 The continuation of Broadway aboA'^e 
 59 th Street is known as the Boule- 
 vard, a grand avenue 150 ft. wide, 
 divided in the center by trees and 
 grass, and extending North to 167th 
 Street; at 125 th St. it reaches what 
 was formerly Manhattanville. Here the 
 Convent of the Sacred Heart is 
 beautifully situated on a hiU, sur- 
 rounded by park-line grounds; and 
 Manhattan College with stately 
 buildings. Farther North of Man- 
 hattanville, is Fort Washington or 
 Washington Heights, the chief sum- 
 mit ofManhattan Island, and command- 
 ing a splendid view of the city, the 
 Hudson, and the opposite Jersey 
 shore. It is occupied by elegant 
 villa residences^ The Deaf and 
 Dum-b Institution is located here. 
 The buildings cover 2 acres and 
 stand in a park of 28 acres. Visitors 
 are admitted from 1,30 to 4 daily. 
 
 Among the institutions- and build- 
 ings not yet mentioned, but worthy 
 of notice are the following: The 
 Five Points House of Indtistry, 
 155 Worth Street and 'Ca&Five Points 
 Mission, opposite the House in 
 what was once the vilest and most 
 dangerous part of the city. 
 
 The Howard Mission, 225 E. 11 th 
 St., supports schools and a home for 
 needy children. 
 
 At the foot of E. 26 th Street is 
 Bellevue Hospital, the largest in 
 the City, with accommodations for 
 1200 patients. 
 
 TheiV: Y . Institution for the Blind 
 
 815 
 
*~""^^"^"* Established 20 Years at i8io 20 Division St. •-^^■— •— 
 
 CAFE SCHUMANN 
 
 LADIES & GENTLEMEN'S 
 
 127 and 129 Fourth Avenue 
 27 Bet. 12 th & 13 th Sts. 
 
 BRANCH OF OLD STAND, 383 Bowery 
 
 Bet. 5th and 6th Sts. NEW YORK. 
 
 C. BARTSCH, hS^t^s^^JgYiSIt burglars '' 
 
 ALL KINDS OF IRON RAILING WORK MADE, PUT UP AND REPAIRED. 
 
 IRON DOORS, WINDOW k TREE GUARDS, IRON GATES etc. 
 COMPLICATED LOCKS Repaired, KEYS PITTED, MECHANICAL BT:LLS Put up. 
 Experimental \7ork Bone. BRASS WORK, LAWN MOWERS, Sharpened and Repaired 
 
 !«-. W. lOtttA St., Bet. Columbus & Amsterdam Aves N. Y. 0. 
 
 €H1, SMITH 
 
 21 
 
 REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE 
 274 West 135th Street. NEW YORK. 
 
 
 
 
 
 C. M. FRETJDENHAMMER 
 
 Manufacturer of and Wholesale Dealer in 
 
 17 
 
 : FINE CIGARS : 
 
 
 No. 334 East 8o^^ Street. 
 
 Between 1st and 2nd Aves., NEW- YORK. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Emll A. Dickert's Park House Hotel 
 
 24 WINE8, LIQUORS AND 8EGAR8 
 
 Emll A. Dlckert, 815 Columbus Avenue, 
 
 Proprietor. S. E. Corner lOOtli Street 
 
 Board or Furnished Rooms for Gentlemen only, by the Day $ 1.60—3.00 
 or Week % 35.00-50.00. „ . ., 
 
 Bottler of A. Finck f Sons' Lager Beer - Howard & Child's Ale and Porter. 
 
 816 
 
Fl. HOLLINBIB It C@. 
 
 IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND BOTTLERS OF 
 
 * • LAGER BEER • * 
 
 113 
 SOLE AGENTS FOR THE U. S. OF 
 
 German Empire Export Brewery, (Kaiser Beer), Bremen. 
 First Actien Export Brewing Co., Pilsen, Bohemia. 
 G. Sandler's Export Brewery, Culmbach, Bavaria. 
 Brauerei "KochelbrSu", Munich, Bavaria. 
 Fr. Erich's Export Brewery, Erlangen, Bavaria. 
 First Bamberger Export Brewery "Frankenbrau", Bamberg, 
 Bavaria. 
 
 ALSO AGENTS OF 
 The celebrated "Rochester" Beer (American Brewing Co.) 
 
 OFFICE AND WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT; 115-119 ELM STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
 BRANCHES: 179-181 ILLINOIS STREET, CHICAGO. 
 149 W. 125 th STREET 
 156-160 W. 126 th STREET 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 is at the corner of 9 th Ave and 
 34 th St. 
 
 At the corner of 35 th St. and 7 th 
 Ave. is the brick and gray stone 
 structure of the State Arsenal, the 
 headquarters of the Ordnance Depart- 
 ment of the State. 
 
 At the corner of 36 th St. and 9th 
 Ave is Northwestern Dispensary. 
 Park Avenue is the continuation of 
 4 th Ave., and a beautiful residence 
 street. At the comer of 34 th St. 
 and Park Ave. is the 7l st Regiment 
 Armory. 
 
 A 7 W. 43 d 8t. is the beautiful 
 home of the Century Club, and 
 nearly opposite, the R(icket and 
 Tennis Club. 
 
 In W. 44th St. are; the Harvard 
 Club, the Academy of Medicine, 
 the St. Nicholas Chib, the Berkeley 
 Lyceum, and the Bar Association 
 Building. 
 
 East 50 th St. between 5 th and 
 Madison Ave. is Colum-bia Univer- 
 sity, the buildings of which are very 
 handsome. It is the oldest college 
 in the State. 
 
 In East 58 th Street, between 
 Lexington and Park Avenues the 
 Germ.an Liederkranz, the principal 
 German Club, is situated. The Club- 
 house is very handsome and worth 
 inspecting, and the best German- 
 American society is found here. 
 
 - Comer Park Ave. and 59 th St is 
 the site of the house of another 
 leading German Singing Society 
 "the Arion." 
 
 In 59 th St., facing Central Park, 
 west of 5 th Ave., are large apartment 
 houses, the homes of the Deutsche 
 Verein and the Catholic Club. 
 
 Corner 4 th Ave. and 69 th St. is the 
 National College, a beautiful build- 
 ding in the secular Gothic style. 
 
 On Park Ave. between 69 th and 
 70 th Streets is the Union 
 ical Seminary . 
 
 At the comer of 72 d St. and Park 
 Ave. is the handsome building of 
 the Freundschaft Club. 
 
 On 4th Ave. and 94th St., -is the 
 imposing armory of the Eighth 
 Regiment. 
 
 317 
 
Between 120 th and 124 th Streets 
 is Moimt Morris Square, 20 ares, 
 with a rocky hill. 
 
 GRANT MEMORIAL AND 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Nobody should fail to visit the 
 above nanied places, which are 
 situated in close proximity. 
 
 Columbia University is situated on 
 the heights east oi MorningsidePark. 
 
 The five "colleges" or departments 
 of the University now 'established 
 aie: 1. Arts. 2. Science. 3. Law. 
 4. Political Science. 5. Medicine. 
 
 ART GALLERIES. 
 
 MeiropolUan Museum of Art. 
 Central Paik at 81th Street. 
 
 New York Historical Society. 
 Second Ave. and 11th St. 
 
 National Academy of Design. 
 Fourth Ave. and 23 d St. 
 
 Fine Arts Society. 215 W. 57 th 
 Street. 
 
 American Art Society. 6 E. 
 23 d Street. 
 
 Besides Manhattan there are other 
 cities, towns and villages constituting 
 Greater New York. The principal 
 one is the Borough of Brooklyn. 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 Reached by the East River 
 Bridge or one of the ferries mentioned 
 above. There are the same modes 
 of conveyance as in the Borough of 
 Manhattan. The Elevated Railway 
 has several lines: The Broadway 
 line runs from Broadway Ferry to 
 Cypress Hills' Cemeterv. The 
 
 Brooklyn Bridge, Grand, Lexing- 
 ton Ave. Line runs from the Bridge 
 to Van Sicklen Ave. 
 
 The Fifth Ave. line runs from 
 the Bridge through Fifth Ave. and 
 Thud Ave. to 65 th St. The Fulton 
 Ferry Myrtle Ave. line runs from 
 Fulton ferry to Wyckoff Ave., 
 Ridgewood. The Kings County 
 Elevated Railway runs from Fulton 
 ferry and Brooklyn Bridge to 
 City line. 
 
 Electric street cars, connect with 
 the ferries and the Bridge, and run 
 through all the principal streets, 
 fare 5 cents. 
 
 Brooklyn had in 1890, 800,000 
 inhabitants. The main business 
 
 street is Fuiton, from Fulton ferry 
 to E. New York. Atlantic Ave. runs 
 parallel with Fulton St. from South 
 Ferry to E, New York. Clinton 
 Ave. is a very beautiful street, being 
 embowered with trees and lined 
 with costly residences. Many of 
 Brooklyn's finest residences, are on 
 the park slope, which extends from 
 Flatbush Ave. to Ninth St., and 
 from 7 th Ave. to Prospect Park. 
 The favorite drive is through 
 Prospect Park and along the Ocean 
 Park-way to Coney Island. Another 
 popular drive is the Eastern Park- 
 way extendmg from the park 
 entrance to E. New York. 
 
 Half a mile above the Bridge 
 stands the Court House, next to it 
 the Hatl of the Records and the 
 the Municipal Buitditig and in front 
 of all the City Hall. The latter is 
 of white marble in the Ionic style, 
 and on the Plaza in front of it is a 
 statue of Henry Ward Beecher, by 
 Ward. Near this point are many 
 large business structures office build- 
 ings, banks, theatres, newspapers etc. 
 A short distance W. of the City 
 Hall, cor. Clinton aixd Pierrepnot 
 Sts., stands the home of the Long 
 Lsland Historical Society, containing 
 valuable relics and a reference 
 library of about 50,000 volumes. 
 At the intersection of Washington, 
 Adams and Johnson Sts. is the 
 Post Office, the finest public build- 
 ing in the city, built at a cost of 
 $5,000,000. 
 
 In Montague St., W. of the City 
 Hall, is the Academy of Music, y^\va. 
 fine interior decorations, adjoining 
 is the Art Association Building, aiid 
 opposite the Brooklyn Library in 
 Gothic style, containing 120,000 
 volumes and two reading rooms. At 
 the cor. of Clinton St. is the beaut- 
 iful Church of the Holy Trinity 
 (Episcopal); this church is in the 
 decorated Gothic style and has a 
 spire, 275 ft. high. The Pratt In- 
 stitute on Ryerson St. founded by 
 Charles Pratt, gives instruction in 
 trade and other useful arts for both 
 sexes; it has a large library and 
 maintains lecture courses. The 
 Brooklyn Polytechnic Institution is 
 on Livingston St., S. of the City 
 Hall. The Young Men's Christian 
 
 318 
 
Association has a fine building in 
 Fulton St. cor. Bond. 
 
 The principal Theatres axe: Am- 
 phion, Bedford Av., opposite S. 
 Ninth St.; Academy of Music, '^ou- 
 tagne St., near City Hall; Columbia, 
 Washington and TiUary Sts. ; Grand 
 Opera House, Elm PL, near Fulton 
 St,; Star, Jay St., near Fulton; 
 Montauk, 587 Fulton St.; Park, 
 Fulton, opposite City Hall; Bijou, 
 Smith and Livington Sts. ; Criterion, 
 Fulton St., near Grand Av. ; Hyde 
 E. Behman's, Adams St., near Myrtle 
 Av.; JL,ee Avemie Academ.y, Lee 
 near Division Av. ; Novelty, Driggs 
 Av. near S. 4th St.; Gayety, Broad- 
 way and Thro op St. ; Etnpire, Broad- 
 way and S. Sixth St. 
 
 Many of the oldest and most prom- 
 inent families reside on what is 
 known as Colum.bia Heights. This 
 part of the city, overlooks the harbor, 
 the lower part of East River and 
 the Southern part of New York City. 
 Here the land comes to the water 
 in a steep bluff, nearly IQO ft. high 
 at the foot of Montague St. Along 
 the bluffs are lines of wharves and 
 ware-houses, but the Highland above 
 is covered with handsome houses, 
 hotels and churches. It was the 
 number of very fine churches in this 
 part of the city, which gave to Brook- 
 lyn the name "City of Churches". 
 
 Prospect Park is situated upon 
 the high ground in the rear of the 
 City, it is easily reached by Trolley 
 cars. The park is nearly as large 
 as Central Park and commands 
 magnificent views of the two cities, 
 the harbor, Long Island and the 
 Atlantic. The main entrance on 
 Flatbush Ave. is known as the Plaza; 
 in its center are a bronse statute of 
 President Lincoln and z. fine foun- 
 tain. At the entrance to the park 
 is a Mem,orial Arch to the Soldiers 
 and Sailors. Within the park is a 
 statue to John Howard Payne, and 
 
 a lake upon which are numerous 
 boats. 
 
 Park carriages making the circuit 
 to the leading points of interest 
 charge 25 cents fare. One half mile 
 E. of City HaU, between Myrtle and 
 De Kalb Aves., is Washington Park; 
 it contains 30 acres on an elevated 
 plateau and commands extensive 
 views. Other parks in Brooklyn are 
 the City Park, opposite the Navy 
 Yard; Tompkins Park, bounded by 
 Marcy, Lafayette, Tompkins and 
 Green Aves., and Carroll Park 
 situated between Court and Smith, 
 and President and CarroU Sts. 
 
 Back of S. Brooklyn lies Green- 
 wood Cem-etery' it is two and a half 
 miles from the Bridge and is reached 
 most directly by the Fifth Ave. 
 Elevated Railway. Carriages will be 
 found at the entrance of the cem- 
 etery, they make the tour of the 
 cemetery and the driver explains the 
 most interesting things, the charge 
 is 25 cents. Greenwood is the best 
 known burying groimd in the coun- 
 try, and contams a large amount of 
 valuable monuments. The main 
 entrance near Fifth Ave. and 23d St. 
 is a structure in a pointed Gothic 
 style. Another entrance on the E. 
 side is of ecjual beauty. Among the 
 many beautiful monuments, are the 
 Pilots' , the Firemens" and the bronse 
 bust to Horace Greeley, the Soldier's 
 Momiment, the Theatre Fire Mo- 
 nument, opposite the main entrance. 
 Charlotte Canda's, and that to Mc. 
 Donald Clark. 
 
 The U. S. Navy Yard is reached 
 by street cars from Fulton Ferry; it 
 is located on the S. shore of Walla- 
 bout Bay, and is the chief naval 
 station of the Republic. Its brick 
 walls embrace 45 acres, while 
 100 more acres, closely adjacent, 
 belong to the establishment. There 
 are numerous foundries, work-shops 
 and store houses. The U. S. Naval 
 
 4. F. seiHjiiiNjai^ 
 
 130 THIED AVENUE between 14th and 15th Streets. 
 
 The Oldest German Restaurant in New York City. '°' 
 
 FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC BEERS. RHINE AND BORDEAUX WINES. 
 
 Best known German Family Resort. 
 
 ai9 IB 
 
PI EL BROS. 
 
 EAST ]VET^ "SiTOIili BJaE^W^ER.Y 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1883. l23 
 
 REAL GERMAN LAGER BEER 
 
 MADE OF FINEST HOPS AND MALT EXCLUSIVELY 
 
 AND ENTIRELY FREE FROM CHEMICALS 
 
 CONSEQUENTLY PURE, WHOLESOME, DELICIOUS. 
 
 On draught in most of the -proininent places in New York City 
 Connected with Breweiy, 
 
 Hotel -TJjii<x'»*<'9 Comfortable Bar-room 
 
 TWO DELIGHTFUL BEER HALLS and RESTAURANT. 
 
 A RESPECTABLE, UNRIVALED PLACE OF 
 RECREATION AND FAMILY RESORT, 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 AFTER THE ORIGINAL GERMAN MODEL. 
 
 Liberty and Sheffield Avenues, BROOKLYN. 
 
 Union L. — Alabama Avenue Station. 
 
 Kings Co. L — Atlantic Avenue Station. 
 
 Rapid Transit — Howard House, and Trolley Cars. 
 
 Upholsterer and Decorator 
 
 874 Amsterdam Avenue 
 
 near 103rd St. CASTLE HOTEI.. 
 
 TELEPHONE, No. 707 COLUMBUS. 
 12 
 
 Modern and Antique Furniture. 
 
 Repairing in all its Branches. 
 Tlie hanging of Curtains and Draperies a specialty. 
 
 Carpets, Cleaned, Sewed and Relaid. 
 Orders for Decorating Out of Town Houses Solicited 
 
 Painter, Decorator and Hard W^ood Finisher. 
 
 842 W. Boulevard, Bet. 101st and 102d Sts. NEW YORK. 
 
 BRANCH: 459 W. BOULEVARD, near 82 d St. 
 Front Doors a Specialty, Parquet ]?loors Refinished, Enameliog and Gilding. 
 All Orders l^omptly Attended to. Estimates Cheerfully Qiv.en. 26 
 
 AUG. P. SCHMIDT, Hotel and Restaurant 
 
 Rooms for Gciitlcmcii only. 
 16 
 
 No. 411 BOULEVARD 
 
 0«n>«r 60th Street. 
 
 820 
 
UMl 
 
 216 W. 84th STREET 
 
 NEAR BOULEVARD. 
 vwwvw 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO WHEELMEN. 
 32 -WHEELS CHECKED FREE OF CHARGE. 
 
 A. W. Anders 
 
 Decoratox» and TJpliolstei'er 
 ^« 74 ISTEST 99. ST. 
 
 KEW YORK. 
 
 Slip Covers made, and Mattresses made over. 
 CARPETS, CLEANED, PITTED and LAID. 
 
 CURTAINS and POLES PUT UP. 
 
 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 G. H. Madden 
 
 FRESCO PAINTER & DECORATOR 
 
 815 East 44th Street, New York. ,9 
 
 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 E. SCHNEIDER 
 
 80 
 
 103 West 102nd Street, NEW YORK 
 
 821 IB' 
 
Lyceum is here, it has a fine library 
 and large collections of curiosities. 
 
 STATEN ISLAND. 
 Staten Island, is connected with 
 New York by ferry-boats, between 
 South Ferry and St. George at the 
 northern extremity of the island. 
 St. George is the terminus of the 
 Baltimore & Ohio R. R. branch line, 
 which crosses from Elizabeth N. J. 
 on a splendid bridge, and is the 
 central station of the Staten Island 
 Rapid Transit R. R. The island 
 is hilly and a£fords from its northern 
 highlands very fine views. Quaint 
 old ports are scattered along the 
 southern shore, and odd little vil- 
 lages throughout the island. 
 
 The judicial seat of the island is 
 Richmond. The most interesting 
 point on the N. shore of the island 
 is Sailors Smi^ Harbor and Asylum. 
 for aged and infirm seamen, half a 
 mile beyond New Brighton. Its 
 stately and complete buildings occupy 
 a park and attached farming lands 
 amountmg together to 185 acres. 
 The institution is open to visitors at 
 all suitable hours, and is well worth 
 inspection. In the park is a large 
 bronze statue of Capt. Richard 
 Randall, the founder of the institu- 
 tion. Another interesting point is 
 Prohibition Park, reached by elec- 
 tric cars from Port Richmond. The 
 S. side of the island has stations for 
 Quarantine (Stapleton), Fort Wads- 
 
 TELEiPHOISrE CAX,L 1936 FRANKLIN. 
 
 SUCCESSOR TO 
 
 119 
 
 FR. HOLLENDER & CO. 
 273—277 Broadway * * * NEW YORK 
 
 Corner Chambers Street '"■■'^^■^^^ 
 
 RESTAURANT 
 
 BEST OF BEERS AND WINES CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 
 
 A COMPLETE LINE OF IIVIPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS. 
 
 worth, South Beach and Midland 
 Beach, all these resorts can be 
 reached by cars from St. George. 
 Staten Island, as part of Greater 
 New York is known as the borough 
 of Richmond. 
 
 Visits to other parts of Greater 
 New York must be considered as 
 excursions and are best made in 
 the following maimer: 
 
 LONG ISLAND COAST. 
 
 By Railway: from foot of East 
 34 th St. New York, to Long Island 
 City and L. I. Ry. 
 
 By Steamboat: Pier 1 west side 
 of Battery; in Brooklyn from the 
 foot of Fulton Street. 
 
 At the western extremity of Long 
 Island the seaside resorts are: 
 
 Coney Island, the most crowded 
 and democratic part of the beaches. 
 
 Two iron piers extend out from the 
 beach, with bathing homes, restaur- 
 ants etc. — Coney Island and 
 West Brighton, which form in fact 
 one resort, are to New York what 
 St. Pauli is to Hambirrg. They are 
 the westernmost points of the Island. 
 Half a mile east of West Brighton 
 is Brighton, the favorite beach for 
 the inhabitants ofBrookyn, wherewith 
 it is connected by railroad £md trolley 
 cars. 
 
 Next east is the fashionable resort, 
 Manhattan Beach, the favorite 
 place for wealthy New Yorkers. 
 There are two large hotels, a 
 theatre, splendid bathing houses. 
 
 Farther away, east, is Rockaway, 
 to be reached by the Long Island 
 R. R. or by Steamboats. 
 
 Another excursion may be made 
 through the East River and Long 
 
 822 
 
A. RUEHL'S KLONDIKE HOTEL 
 
 7 301 WEST 59th STREET 
 
 N. W. Cor. of GRAND CIRCLE NEW YORK 
 
 TELEPHONE. 21 COLUMBUS. J!^ CONCERT EVERY EVENING. 
 
 Island Sozmd. The East River is, 
 in fact, only a tidal strait cutting off 
 Long Island and connecting New 
 York Bay with Long Island Sound. 
 We start at New York Bay. The 
 first Island in view is Governors 
 Island, a fortified military reservation 
 of the Government; connected with 
 U. S. Barge Office, near South 
 Ferry, by ferry boat (free). In 
 Governors Island are the headquarters 
 of the Military Department of the 
 Atlantic. The landing is upon the 
 northern side of the Island, at the 
 foot of a road running up to the 
 Parade. Here is a depot of the 
 New York Arsenal. The Parade is 
 surrounded by the houses of the 
 commandant and staff, the officer's 
 club, the chapel and the soldiers' 
 barracks, and nearby is the library 
 and picture gallery of the Military 
 Service Institution, and the Military 
 Museum. From the Parade a way 
 leads to the interior of Fort Colum- 
 bus, and through an opposite port 
 we pass down to the level of the 
 moat, climb the stairs leading to the 
 scarp and descend to Castle 'William., 
 a small, circular Battery and command- 
 ing the channel. Leaving the Castle 
 we walk along the shore, past the 
 formidable water batteries, back to 
 the ferry. — 
 
 Going up the East River we have 
 New York at the left and Brooklyn 
 on the right. Past Fulton Ferry on 
 the New York side we pass under 
 the great suspension bridge and 
 round Corlear's Hook. The U. S. 
 Navy Yard is at our right, on the 
 same side follows Williamsburg, the 
 eastern district of Brookljna. On the 
 left, New York stretches along solidly 
 
 buUt. Near the the landing of 26 th 
 St. is Bellevue Hospital on the N. Y. 
 side, just opposite is Green Point, 
 the northern extremity of Brooklyn. 
 Farther up is Hzmters Point, where 
 the Long Island Railroad has its 
 terminus, and then appears Long 
 Island City, fuU of factories, and 
 nothing of interest. On our left is 
 the middle part of New York. We 
 enter farther up the narrow stretch 
 of water between Blackwell s Island 
 on the left and Astoria on the right. 
 In Astoria are the great Piano fac- 
 tories of Messrs. Sohmer & Co. The 
 great buildings of Blackwell's Island 
 are all charitable or correctional 
 institutions. 
 
 The western channel, which- sep- 
 arates Ward's Island' from the 
 northern part of New York, is known 
 as Little Hell Gate. On the left 
 appears now Randalls Island, which 
 is the site of some charitable 
 institutions. 
 
 The strait N. of it is called Bronx 
 Kills and admits to the mouth of 
 Harlem River. The °.hore on the 
 right, just above Astoria, is Richer s 
 Island. Further up, on the left, 
 appears the Port Morris district, 
 while on the right the upper end of 
 Astoria, Berrian's Island and North 
 Beach is passed. North Beach is 
 an amusement resort chiefly visited 
 by the working masses, it is reached 
 by ferry from E. 99 th St. After 
 North Beach, we come to Fhishing 
 Bay, College Point and Whitestone, 
 all nice summer resorts on the Long 
 Island side. Then follows on the 
 same side Willet's Point, which is 
 a station for the Engineering Corps 
 of the U. S. Army. Throg Neck is 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS OF NEW YORK AND VICINITY 
 
 23 MARK 1.30 
 
 also AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHERS SPECIALTIES, DEVELOPING &c. 
 
 QBRMAN SPOKEN. ROCKWOOD, 1440, Broadway (40th. St.) NEW YORK. 
 
 333 
 
80 
 
 L©HT©LO, OPTICIAN 
 
 126 East 23d Street 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 the low peninsula from the mainland 
 nearly meeting Willets's Point; on 
 the top end of Throg's Neck stands 
 Fort Schuyler; this commands all 
 approaches by water from that side 
 of New York. It can be reached by 
 trolley cars to West Chester. On 
 the Long Island coast, we pass 
 Little Neck Bay, famous for its 
 clams, and Great Neck. City Island, 
 is situated between Harfs Island 
 and the Westchester shore, it is 
 inhabited mostly by boat-builders, 
 and fishermen. 
 
 Hart's Island, just in front of 
 Manhasset Bay, is the potter's field 
 for the City of New York. There 
 is also a lunatic asylum and other 
 charitable establishments. We pass 
 on the right Sands Point, bearing 
 a light-house and reach Glen 
 Island, fitted up as a splendid 
 pleasure resort by J. M. Starin. Glen 
 Island, is spendidly laid-out and 
 contains restaui'ants, picnic grounds, 
 Zoological Garden etc., and is much 
 frequented in summer. Steam-boats 
 connect the island with New York, 
 on theE. side at the foot of 22 d St., 
 and on the W. side at the foot of 
 Cortland St. 
 
 Another delightful excursion may 
 be made by touring the harbor. 
 
 We leave the Battery, with Castle 
 Garden, the former State immigrant 
 depot and now a beautiful Aquarium. 
 When the United States, in 1891 
 
 took charge of immigration. Castle 
 Garden was abandoned and a new 
 depot established on Ellis Island. 
 This is a small island between the 
 Liberty Statue and the shore. All 
 steerage passengers are transferred 
 to this island, and before they land, 
 are examined as to their eligibility 
 as citizens, A ferry.boat runs 
 between the Battery and the island. 
 
 The Liberty Statue stands upon 
 Bedloe's Island. This colossal figure, 
 the largest of modem times, is made 
 of copper plates, is 151 ft. in height, 
 and stands upon a j)edestal 150 ft. 
 high. The statue is by Augusta 
 Bartholdi, and is a gift of the French 
 people to the people of the United 
 States. It represents a grand figure 
 of a woman holding aloft a torch, 
 and SYmboWzvag Liberty Enlightening 
 the World. 
 
 Stairways in the interior of the 
 pedestal lead to balconies on each 
 side at the base of the statue and 
 up into the statue itself. A stairway 
 leads to the hollow in the top of the 
 head, and a row of windows in the 
 half circle in the coronet over- 
 looks the whole harbor and all the 
 surroundings. In the head is space 
 enough for 40 persons at the same 
 time. The torch is lighted by a 
 cluster of electric lamps. 
 
 Bedloe's Island, is reached by a 
 steam-boat, leaving the Battery 
 every even hour, between 8 a. m. 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 # 
 
 62b 
 
 324 
 
Alaska-Klondyke Gold Mining Co. 
 
 Capital Stock, 500,000 Shares of Doll. 10.00 each, fully paid 
 
 and non-assessable, of which 250,000 Shares are now 
 
 offered for subscription at par. 
 
 Shares will be allotted in the order in which subscriptions are received. 
 A considerable portion of this issue has been subscribed. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 JAMES RICE, late Secretary State of Colorado; WM. SHAW, capi- 
 talist, Chicago; E. M. TITCOMB, Vice President and General Manager 
 Eastman Fruit Dispatcli Co.; H. C. FASH, member Maritime Exchange, 
 New York; GEO. W. MORGAN, Circle CitJ^ Alaska; JOHN R. LOWTHER, 
 New York; GEORGE T. DURFEE, Fall River, Mass. 
 
 ADVISORY BOARD. 
 
 GEN. GEO. H. FORD, President Chamber of Commerce and Di- 
 recior Merchants' Bank, New Haven, Conn.: Flon L. H. WAKI:FIELD, 
 Associate Justice First District Court, South Framingham, Mass.; Hon. G. 
 Q. RICHMOND, late President Court of Appeals, Denver, Col., S. G. 
 UPDEGRAF, late Treasurer Lj'-coming County, Williamsport, Penn. ; 
 SAMUEL M. BRYAN, President Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.; 
 Washington, D. C; Dr. R. C. FISHER. 1,321 Michigan av.. Chicago, 111; 
 P. A. HUFFMANN, Detroit, Mich.; M. G. B. SWIFT, Attorney at Law, 
 Fall River, Mass. ; ISAAC W. SCOTT, Deputy Collector, Cedar Rapids, Jow.a. 
 
 THE BUSINESS OF THE ALASKA-KLONDYKE GOLD MINING 
 COMPANY will be to run a dine of steamers on the Yukon River, and 
 between Seattle and the different ports of Alaska, open supply stores at 
 the different camps, do a general TRANSPORTATION, COMMERCIAL 
 and BANKING BUSINESS, and, in addition, , DEAL IN MINING CLAIMS, 
 and WORK THE MINES ALREADY OWNED and that may hereafter be 
 acquired by the Company. The company now have the following claims. 
 
 EIGHT GOLD PLACER CLAIMS AGGREGATING 160^ ACRES 
 IN EXTENT, located on FORTY MILE CREEK, under United States 
 mining laws. Development has proved the pay streak to be five feet thick, 
 and has yielded placer dirt that pans from $ 10 to $ 15 to "the pan. This 
 indicates that there is an absolute certainty of a yield not less than 
 $ 25,000,000 to $ 30,000,000 in the placer location FIVE GOLD PLACER 
 CLAIMS, AGGREGATING lOO ACRES in extent, on PORCUPINE RIVER, 
 that pans from 25 cents to $ lO to a pan; one claim has had a shaft sunk 
 to bed rock, and was worked last winter by two men, yielding in that 
 time $ 40,000, and not over 1-20 of the claim worked, demonstrating that 
 there is at least $ 5,000,000 in the total fi-\'e claims. ' ■ ■ 
 
 325 
 
TEN GOLD PLACER CLAIMS, AGGREGATING 200 ACRES, 
 on tlie TANANA RIVFR, panning from $ 10 to $ 50 a yard. No extensive 
 work has yet been done on these claims. 
 
 TWENTY GOLD PLACER CLAIMS ON THE SUSHITNA RIVER 
 prospecting from $1 to $ 5 to the pan. These claims are yet to be devel- 
 oped — they are very promising. 
 
 A FINE GOLD QUARTZ LODE WITHIN A short distance from 
 the Yukon in Alaska, which assay? from $ 15 to f 500 per ton. The lode 
 shows an enormous outcrop of free milling ore, — vein at surface being 
 twelve feet thick; on this propertj^ have made twelve locations of 1500 
 feet by 300 feet equalling 120 acres. WE DON'T CLAIM THAT IT IS 
 THE MOTHER LODE, BUT WE DO KNOW IT IS WITHOUT AN 
 EQUAL FOR PROSPECTIVE VALUES. 
 
 The estimates and statement of facts herein are of necessity based 
 upon information obtamed from our Superintendent, and are believed and 
 accepted by the company. 
 
 This company having acquired extensive holdings of rich placer 
 and gold quartz properties, capable of earning large dividends on its stock, 
 ofters to investors advantages that insure large and profitable returns. 
 
 Mr. George W. Morgan, our Superintendent, has been on the Yukon 
 for the past year working in the interest of this company. Therefore, 
 we are not asking any one to contribute to a project unplanned, but to 
 one thoroughly matured. This company, with its able aids, extensive 
 knowledge, and great resources, is certain to become one of the richest 
 companies operating in Alaska. 
 
 Our President takes pleasure in referring you to the following list 
 of references: 
 
 JAMES E. DEWEY, Mills & Co., Bankers Detroit, Mich.; LOUIS 
 C. TETAliD, Commissioner World's Fair from Mexico, "The Rookery", 
 Chicago, 111.; Senator H. M. TELLER of Colorado; JOHN SHAFROTH, 
 Representative to Congress, Colorado; J. M. BELL, Representative to 
 Congress, Colorado; C. C. CLEMENT, Washington Trust Co. Building, 
 Washington, D. C; JOSEPH C. HELM, ex-Chief Justice of Colorado; 
 CHARLES D. HAYT, Chief Justice of Colorado; C. B. MAUGHAN, 219 
 Times-Herald, Chicago, 111.; MAURICE JOYCE, Electro Picture, Star 
 Building, Washington, D. C. ; CAPT. J. J. LAMBERT, OwTier and Editor 
 Chieftain, Pueblo, Col.; S. L. HILLEGHMAN, Tax Agent M. P. R. R. 
 St. Louis, Mo.; R. E. GOWAN, Drexel Co., Philadelphia. 
 
 The full-paid stock is now offered at TEN DOLLARS 
 per share. Send your orders to the 
 
 Alaska -Klondyke Gold Mining Co. 
 
 JAMES RICE, President, No. 96 Broadway, New York. 
 
 326 
 
aeHjijNAxSu BROS. 
 
 Original Egyptian Cigarettes * Fine Turkish Tobacco 
 
 48 BROAD STREET 
 
 ISTEVT YORK. 
 
 THE K.OO^T HOME OF THE TOBIES 
 
 HENRY AHRENS 84 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 249 WEST FOURTH STREET 
 
 comer CHAKLES STREET. 
 
 and 4 p. m. ; the fare for the round- 
 trip is 25 cents. Leaving Badloe's 
 Island the New Jersey shore is on 
 the right. Straight ahead is Robin's 
 Reef Lighthouse. On the left is 
 S. Brooklyn: Prospect Park and 
 Greenwood Cemetery form the 
 background of the city. Sbuth of 
 it is Bay Ridge, below is Fort 
 Hamilton; this is a military reser- 
 vation containing nearly 100 acres, 
 and reaching around to the beach of 
 Gravesand. The guns of the fort 
 command the Narrows and the 
 approach from the Lower Bay. 
 La front of Fort Hamilton stands 
 Fort Lafayette upon an artificial 
 island; it is constructed of brick, 
 and its guns comcmand the channel. 
 The Narrows are here only a mile 
 wide and form the gateway of the 
 Lower Bay into the harbor. 
 
 West is the eastern end of Staten 
 Island, with the villages of Clifton, 
 Stapleton and Tompkinsville . The 
 point at the Narrows is occupied by 
 Fort Wadsworth, situated on a 
 military reservation, iucludiag 100 
 acres. Having sailed through the 
 Narrows, the Lower Bay spreads to 
 the right. Near at hand is Qtiar- 
 antine Station with its dependences, 
 the hospital ship "Illinois", Swin- 
 burne Island with the hospital for 
 contagious diseases, Hoffman Island 
 used for the detention and disinfec- 
 
 tion of persons arriving in infected 
 vessels, the quarantine burying- 
 ground, situated at Seguin's, Staten 
 Island; the station at Clifton, Staten 
 Island, where the health officers 
 reside, and from which all vessels 
 are boarded arriving from non- 
 infected ports. From Quarantine 8 
 or 10 miles southwest is the low 
 fort on Sandy Hook, which is situat- 
 ed on the New Jersey coastline. 
 Some distance out side of it, lie the 
 Sandy Hook and Scotland Light- 
 ships, marking the position of some 
 dangerous shoals. Just at the heel 
 of Sandy Hook rise the lofty Nave- 
 sink Highlands, surmounted by twin 
 light-houses. Here resides a "ship- 
 news" agent. 
 
 The sea . side resorts upon the 
 coast of New Jersey are described 
 in another chapter. 
 
 On the N. of New York are the 
 hills and dales of Westchester county 
 containing many pretty towns and 
 villages. 
 
 Jersey City and Hoboken, although 
 in another State, belong in fact to 
 New York City, and are described 
 under New Jersey. 
 
 A very popular excursion is to the 
 northwestern point of the city, called 
 Fort George, there are several good 
 restaurants and splendid views over 
 the Harlem River. 
 
 193 THIRD AVENUE ^ NEW YORK, CITY 
 
 PRACTICAL TRUSSMAKER AND ORTHOPEDIST 
 
 Manufacturer of Trusses, Supporters, Braces, Elastic Hosiery 
 
 and Apparatus for Deformity. 
 
 DEALER IN INVALID AND SICK ROOM SUPPLIES, 
 
 RUBBER GOODS OP EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 327 
 
Columbia 
 Chainless Bicycles 
 
 PorMeoand Price, ^1?C« 
 Women. ■ •Pl^O. 
 
 Beautiful and graceful in outline, 
 clean cut and neat in appearance, 
 strong and rigid in construction, 
 8\vift and easy running on the level, 
 lightning on the down grade, a mar- 
 velous hill-climber, the motive parts 
 throughout totally unaffected by 
 mud, dust rain or sleet, and a wheel 
 that can be appropriately used all 
 the year round, regardless of weath - 
 cT—that*s the Columbia Chainless. 
 
 Standard of the World, 
 
 POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 
 
 IfColumbias are not properly represent- 
 ed in your vicinity, let us know. Chain- 
 less Bicycle Catalogue by mail lor one 
 2 cent stamp, or free by calling on any 
 Columbia dealer. 
 
"The 
 Light 
 Running" 
 
 DENSMORE 
 
 "The World's 
 Greatest 
 Typewriter". 
 
 The Bali-Bearing Type-Bar Joints Mark an Era in Typewriter 
 Construction. 
 
 FROM THE U. S. GOVERNMENT.. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
 Waslimgton, Sept. 2, 1896. 
 Densmore Typewriter Company, 
 New York. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: — . 
 We have now in use in the Bureaus of this Department nearly 
 125 Densmore Machines. We have had no complaint from the users of 
 them, hence we conclude they ary giving entire satisfaction. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 (Signed) HIRAM BUCKINGHAM, Custodian. 
 
 
 :?'^«:f'*>w^^.fl,^*'; -J'- 
 
 OTHER SUPERIORITIES ESTABLISHED: 
 
 LIGHTEST KEY TOUCH 
 
 Because of the Compound Levers. 
 GREATEST SPEED 
 
 Because of the Convertible Speed Escapement 
 
 MOST CONVENIENT PAPER FEED 
 
 Because of the unique paper-fingers, and ease with which platen is turned 
 to show writing. 
 BEST FOR BOTH CORRESPONDENCE and 9IANIFOI.DING 
 
 Because of the instantly interchangeable printing cylinders. 
 
 Our descriptive pamphlet contains strong praise from 
 78 Leading Concerns and from the U. S. Government. 
 
 Densmore Typewriter Co, 
 
 316 BROADWAY, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 329 
 
330 
 
Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 Ileiwy Bischoff & Co., Staats Zei- 
 timgs Build'g., N. Y. City. 
 
 < Thos Cook & Son, 261 Broadway, 
 N. Y. City. 
 
 George Deffaa, 240 E. 79 St. 
 N. Y. City. 
 
 Chas. A. Foucart, 37 Desbrosses 
 St., N. Y. City. , 
 
 H. Gase & Son, 113 Broadway, 
 N. Y. City. 
 
 E. M. Jenkins & Co., 273 Broad- 
 way, N. Y. City. 
 
 Edwin H. Low, 1121 Broadway, 
 N. Y. City, 
 
 F. Missler & Kriwunert, 106 West 
 St., N. Y. City. 
 
 Raymond & Whit comb, 31 E. 14tli 
 St., N. Y. City. 
 
 /. Rosenberg, 92 E, 14th St., 
 N. Y. City. 
 
 H. F. Koch, 48 Broadway, Brook- 
 lyn N Y. 
 
 J. Lehrenkrauss & Sons, 379 
 Fulton St., Brooklyn N. Y. 
 
 J. H. Scheidt, 180 Graham Ave., 
 Brooklyn E. D. N. Y. 
 
 Geo Sieins, 134 Greenpoint Ave., 
 Brooklyn N. Y. 
 
 y'!i. 
 
A FIRST CLASS LINE 
 
 FOR FIRST CLASS TRAVEL. 
 NEW YORK 
 
 AND 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 TO DETROIT, CHICAGO AND WESTERN POINTS 
 
 The Conimissioner of Railroads says of the Michigan Central: 
 'The main line is as near perfection in the way of construction, appoint- 
 ments, service and able management as can be conceived in modern 
 railroading." 
 
 MAGNIFICENT EQUIPMENT. 
 
 PRIVATE COMPARTMENT CARS. * WAGNER SLEEPING. 
 
 BUFFET LIBRARY AND DINING CARS. 
 
 THROUGH WITHOUT CHANGE. GRAND CENTRAL STATION, NEW YORK. 
 
 67 
 
 O. W. RUGGLES 
 Gen. Passenger and 
 Ticket agent, 
 Chicago. 
 
 W. H. UNDERWOOD, 
 Gen'l Eastern Pass'r. Agt. 
 Buffalo. 
 
 833 
 
FROM NEW YORK TO CHICAGO. 
 
 There is but one railway station in the City of New York, the 
 Grand Central, located, as its name implies, in the heart of the city, but 
 a short distance from all the leading hotels and easily accessible by 
 elevated railroad and tramways. From this commodious and convenient 
 station, the other cars and trains of the New York Central and Michigan 
 Central Railroad leave momrag, afternoon and night for Chicago, equipped 
 with a degree of perfection as regards safety, comfort, and even luxury, 
 unsurpassed on the European Continent. All the through trains are 
 fm'nished with Wagner Palace sleeping cars running through from New 
 York to Chicago without change; and the North Shore Limited, which is 
 a train of especial luxury, making the entire Distance of 936 miles in 24 
 hours has a private compartment car especially suited to the wants of 
 families and of ladies travelling without escort. This train and the 
 Chicago Special, are also furnished with buffet-library smoking cars con- 
 taining, in addition to the buffet and the most comfortable of easy chairs, 
 a weU selected library with the current publications, writing-desks and 
 stationery, a barber's shop, and a bath room. 
 
 333 
 
Me^ls are served eu route at the passenger's leisure and while he 
 may, at the same time, enjoy the panorama speeding by before his eyes 
 in the dining cars of this line, which have become famous beyond the 
 botinds of our own country. In fact, the Michigan Central dining cars 
 have received the very highest possible commendation from the best 
 judges and experienced travelers for the excellence of their cuisine and 
 the perfection of t'heir sei^vice. 
 
 For 140 miles after leaving New York, the trains follow the east 
 bank of the Hudson River, that one river, which, as Bayard Taylor has 
 well said, — "From its source to the ocean tmrolls a long chain of lands- 
 capes wherein there is no tame feature, but each successive view presents 
 new combinations of beauty and majesty which other rivers may surpass 
 in sections, but none rival as a whole". 
 
 For many miles the river is bordered with the magnificent mansions 
 of the merchant princes of New York, and mountain and cove with long 
 reaches of the broadened stream present themselves to the travelers's 
 eye in constantly varying perspective. These are best seen from the 
 Chicago Special and the North Shore Limited which leave New York in 
 the morning. From Albany, where the trains are joined by the through 
 cars from Boston via the Boston and Albany Railroad, the line traverses 
 the beautiful and picturesque Mohawk Valley and through the rich and 
 comparatively populous region of central and western New York to Buffalo, 
 nobly situated at the eastern extremity of Lake Erie, and the eastern 
 terminus of the Michigan Central. Buffalo is an interesting and beautiful 
 city well worth the attention of the traveler. 
 
 334 
 
Niagara Falls, is but 22 miles distant to the North and down the 
 Niagara River. This great cataract, which many travelers have declared 
 to be the crowning glory of the world's natural wonders, should, if 
 possible, be visited at leisure as its stupendous magnitude and glorious 
 majesty, as well as its numerous accessories of the rapids above the falls, 
 the islands in the river, the wonderful gorge that it has eroded in millions 
 of years, and the famous Whirlpool Rapids below, cannot be appreciated 
 at the first glance, and require time and views from many points to be 
 fully appreciated. 
 
 The remarkable engineering works in the vicinity, notably the 
 great steel Canfaliver Bridge of the Michigan Central, and the wonderful 
 electrical and manufacturing plants growing out of the development of 
 but an insignificant portion of the water power, all excite the interest and 
 the wonder of the intelligent visitor. In spite of much that has been said 
 to the contrary in years past, the hotels and other accomodations at 
 Niagara Falls will be found to be excellent in quality and very reasonable 
 in price. The Michigan Central trains in going down to the Cantaliver 
 Bridge, as well as in passing over it, and going up on the Canada side, 
 afford frequent glimses of the falls, of the stupendous gorge, and of the 
 Whirlpool Rapids directly below the bridge. 
 
 All trains passing by daylight stop five minutes at Falls "View, a 
 point of vantage on the Canada side on the high bluff directly above and 
 overlooking not only the great Horseshoe, but all the extent of the falls 
 themselves, the broad River stretching for miles above the green islands 
 in their midst, and the great boiling caldron below, from which rises 
 
 335 
 
columns of many tinted spray. When the sun is in the West, one and 
 oftentimes two, rainbows are to be distinctly seen in their most vivid 
 colorinsr. 
 
 ■?''"^\-Vv 
 
 Leaving Falls View, the line runs through the rich and fertile 
 region of Ontario to Detroit River, which is crossed upon the most 
 powerful steel transfer steamers, caiiying the entice train, and from the 
 deck of which the striking panorama of the broad river, with the city ol 
 Detroit upon one side, and Windsor upon the other, may be observed. 
 
 Detroit, the metropolis of Michigan, is a beautiful manufacturing 
 city of nearly 300,000 inhabitants, with fine parks, boulevards and public 
 and private buildings. Westward the 286 miles to Chicago passes through 
 the richest and most prosperous portion of the State of Michigan, with 
 many fine and attractive towns, public institutions, including, notably, the 
 famous University of Michigan at Ann Harbor. The railroad stations on 
 the Main line in Michigan, as well as some of those in Canada, are 
 especially attractive, not only 'for their vaiied style of architecture and 
 their convenient arrangement, but especially for theii" beautiful and generally 
 extensive grounds laid out with flower beds and shrubbery and, at Ypsilanti 
 and Niles, equipped with extensive green houses, from which come the 
 bouquets presented upon the trains to the lady patrons of the road. 
 
 The entrance to Chicago by the Michigan Central is peculiarly 
 attractive, having for miles upon the one side the broad expanse of that, 
 great inland sea. Lake Michigan, under its varying aspects of calm and 
 storm, and upon the other hand, the pretty suburbs and more pretentious 
 mansions of the southern residence portion of the city. After passing 
 G3rd Street, an important suburban station the broad expanse of Jackson 
 Park, where the Califoi-nia exposition was located, and the long vista of 
 the Midway Plaisance ai-e seen before arriving at the terminal station on 
 the lake front at the foot of 12 th Street and Park Row. This fronts on 
 the extensive Lake Front Park, ornamented by St. Gauden's latest work 
 
 336 
 
his statue of General JLog^an, and upon which front a long array ot 
 magnificent hotels and commercial buildings. The station itself is furnished 
 with every convenience for the waiting traveler, and from which elegant 
 transfer coaches are run to the stations of the western, north-western 
 and south-western lines. There will also be found a special cab and carriage 
 service, firstclass in character, and with charges strictly regulated by city 
 ordinance. It is but a short distance to the principal hotels and the business 
 centre of the city, and, above all, the passenger who arrives on the 
 Michigan Central trains (thanks to th« innimierable devices for his com- 
 rort), finds himself fresh and hungry after his long journey. 
 
 337 
 
lORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 The name: „Arx Carolina" was 
 given by the Huguenot colonists 
 under Ribault and Landouniere, 
 landing near Beaufort in 1562, to 
 their little fortress, in honor of King 
 Chailes IX. of France; and this 
 title gi-adually became attached to 
 the country. The podular pet name 
 is „The Old North State", referring 
 to its place in the Carolinas. 
 
 North Carolina lies between 33'> 
 50' to 36" 33, north latitude, and 75o 
 27' to 84° 20' west logitude. Her 
 population was in 1860 : 992,622, 
 and increased 1890 to 1,617,947, 40 
 per cent of which are colored. 
 
 ASHEVILLE. N. C. 
 
 In WesternNorth Carolina, between 
 the Blue Ridge on the east and the 
 Alleghanies on the west, lies this 
 beautiful valley of the French Broad. 
 
 It is a land of bright skies, incom- 
 parable climate, and picturesque 
 scenery. The city of twelve thou- 
 sand people is situated in the heart 
 of the mountains, twenty-three 
 hundred feet above the level of the 
 sea. 
 
 Asheville is reached by the Rich- 
 mond & Dansville R. R. 
 
 CHARLOTTE, N. C. 
 
 The third largest city of North 
 Carolina, on Sugar Creek, 175 
 mis. from Raleigh and 120 mis. from 
 Fayetteville. It has a population of 
 about 12,000. 
 
 Charlotte is in the midst of the 
 gold region of the State, and is the 
 
 seat of U. S. Assay Office formerly 
 a United States Branch Mint. 
 
 Biddle University, large public 
 schools and various manufactures 
 are in Charlotte. 
 
 Railroads : Carolina Central ; 
 Richmond & Danville. 
 
 FLORENCE, N. C. 
 102 mis. from Charleston and 
 110 from Wilmington, a place of 
 considerable commercial importance 
 by reason of its railroad facilities, 
 and is the point of shipment for 
 most of the cotton of the adjacent 
 country. 
 
 NEW BERNE, N. C. 
 
 The chief town of a large colony 
 of Swiss and Germans, founded in 
 1712, under Baron de Graffemeid, 
 at the confluence of the Neuse and 
 Trent rivers. It has a large trade 
 in shipping early vegetables and 
 naval stores to the North, with 
 steamship lines to Norfalk, Baltimore 
 and New York. It had a population 
 of 7,843 in 1890. 
 
 Railroads: Atlantic & North 
 Carolina. 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 The capital of North Carolina, 
 situated a little northeast of the 
 center of the State, 6 mis. west of 
 the Neuse River. It is a handsome 
 city of 12,678 inh., on a high and 
 healthful position. It is legulaxly 
 laid out, with a large park — Union 
 
 338 
 
Square — in its center, an open area 
 often acres, occupying a centre, on 
 the sides of which are the principal 
 streets. The State House, which is 
 in this square, is one ojf the most 
 imposing of the Capitols of the 
 United States. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH 
 CAROLINA. 
 Was incorporated in 1789 ; endowed 
 with large tracts of Tennessee land; 
 and opened in 1795, at Chapel Hill, 
 28 miles westward of Raleigh. When 
 the Secession War broke out, it had 
 500 students; and this was the only 
 Southern university kept open 
 thi-oughout those terrible years. In 
 1868, Gov. David L. Swain, its Pres- 
 ident siuce 1835, was displaced, and a 
 new faculty came into power: but 
 the University closed its doors, from 
 1870 to 1875, having lost touch with 
 
 the people. Ex - State - Treasurer 
 Kemp P. Battle became President in 
 1876, and better days dawned on 
 the venerable institution. It has 17 
 instructors and 200 students, a 
 library of 25,000 volumes, and val- 
 uable museums. Over 4,000 North 
 Carolinians have been ediicated here. 
 
 WILMINGTON, N. C. 
 
 The largest and the chief commer- 
 cial city of North Carolina, in the 
 south-eastern extremity of the State, 
 upon the Cape Fear River, 34 mis. 
 from the sea. It has a population 
 of over 20,000, an extensive com- 
 merce, both coast wise and foreign. 
 Electric cars through the principal 
 streets to Oakdale Cemetery and the 
 railway stations. 
 
 Railroads: Carolina Central; 
 WUmington, Columbia & Augusta. 
 
 339 
 
NORTH DAKOTA. 
 
 The settlement of North Dakota 
 dates back only about twenty years, 
 when the Northern Pacific Railway 
 was first constructed as far west as 
 the Missouri River. During that 
 period a large part of what was for- 
 merly unoccupied prairie is now 
 noted as one of the great wheat- 
 producing States of the Union, its 
 average annual crop beuig about 
 40,000,000 bushels, reaching a yield 
 of 64,713,328 bushels in 1891, and 
 in 1895, 56,820,145 bushels. The 
 State is well supplied with railways 
 in all its settled districts, and the 
 people form an independent, prosper- 
 ous farming community. The total 
 area of the State is 70,795 square 
 miles, or 45,308,800 acres, nearly 
 as large as that of Indiana and Ohio 
 combined. The population is most 
 dense in the eastern portion, and is 
 still very sparse in the western part 
 of the State. In the extreme west- 
 ern part of the State the country 
 is valuable chiefly for pasturage for 
 cattle, sheep and horses. The pres- 
 ent population is about 225,000. 
 The entire State is a pranie country, 
 nearly level, in the Red River Valley 
 and the eastern part, rollmg in the 
 central part, and hilly in the western 
 part. Along the margin of the 
 streams there are narrow growths 
 of wood, and along the Missouri 
 River there ai-e considerable belts 
 of timber, and also on the shores 
 of some of the lakes and ponds. 
 Trees grow wherever they are plant- 
 ed and cared for untU they get a 
 fair start, and most thrifty fai'mers 
 have shade trees around their houses. 
 
 In the western part of the .State 
 lignite coal of good quality and in 
 thick veins underlie a large portion 
 of the country. This coal furnishes 
 a cheap domestic fuel. 
 
 North Dakota has a healthful and 
 agreeable climate, and its pure atmof- 
 phere serves as a remedy for many 
 complaints growing out of bad cli- 
 matic conditions in other States. The 
 winters are cold, but di-y, and in 
 the coldest weather there is usuallj 
 t)ut little wind. The snow-fall is 
 compatively light. Spring comes 
 very rapidly, and by the time the 
 snow is on the ground the roads 
 are good and farm-work begins. The 
 heat of the sununer is tempered by 
 continuous breezes; the nights are 
 almost always cool. There is gene- 
 ral exemption from the malarious 
 and pulmonary diseases known to 
 many portions of the United States. 
 Storm are rare at all seasons of the 
 year; cyclones have never been 
 experienced. 
 
 ADRIAN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. James River Branch. 
 Population 50, has an elevator, store, 
 hotel, school, lumber and coal yard, 
 etc. Surrounding country very fer- 
 tile. Small game abundant. 
 
 BISMARCK, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the capital, 
 with a fine capitol building, erected 
 in 1883. It is also the county seat 
 of Burleigh county. Population, 
 2,200. Four hotels, five churches, 
 five school buildings, St. Mary's 
 Catholic Seminary, a United States 
 
 340 
 
land office, three banks, a public 
 hall, two daily and two weklye 
 newspapers, ' court house and town 
 hall. All branches of trade are well 
 represented. Products are wheat, 
 oats and potatoes. Shipments same. 
 A good farming country is tributary; 
 the land to Ihe north, in the Painted 
 Woods district, and around Wash- 
 burn, being especially fine. Game; 
 antelope, deer, elk, prairie chickens 
 and duck. Four lines of steamers 
 receiving and discharging general 
 merchandise aud supplies run to arid 
 from Upper Missouri River forts, 
 posts and landings. Williamsport, 
 Winchester, Fort Y ates, and Standing 
 Rock Indian Agency, to the south, 
 are reached by stages daily, except 
 Sunday; and Washburn, Fort Steven- 
 son, Fort Berthold Indian Agency, 
 and Villard, in the Mouse River 
 County, to the north, are reached 
 by stages daUy, except Sunday, from 
 Bismarck. 
 
 BUFFALO, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R.L.S.D. has 500 iahabitants 
 three hotels, newspaper, graded 
 school, four elevators, two churches, 
 four warehouses, seven general 
 stores, bank, and one school house. 
 Produces wheat, oats and corn. 
 
 CARRINGTON, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Population 700, is the point from 
 which the Sykeston Branch diverges. 
 It is the county seat of Foster coimty. 
 has two hotels, two banks, public 
 hall, several stores, four churches, 
 newspaper, school building, three 
 OTain elevators, one flour mill, and 
 three machine shops. Good farming 
 country, wheat, oats, and potatoes 
 being the principal products. Game : 
 deer, antelope, geese, ducks, chick- 
 ens, etc. 
 
 CASSELTON, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. has a population 
 of l,2oo, six hotels, four churches, 
 two school buildings, one elevator, 
 two banks, two weekly newspapers, 
 twelve general stores in aU branches 
 of trade, and two public halls. 
 Wheat, barley, flax and pork are the 
 principal products. 
 
 COUPERSTOWN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Cooperstown Branch. 
 Population 800, county seat of 
 Griggs county, has three hotels, 
 bank, several stores, four churches, 
 four grain elevators of 175 000 
 bushels' capacity, one grain ware- 
 house, two lumber yards, one news- 
 paper, a large school building and 
 a court house. Being the terminus 
 of this branch, Cooperstown com- 
 mands the trade of Griggs, and part 
 of Nelson and Steele counties. 
 Grain is raised and shipped in large 
 quantities, and cattle, hog and sheep- 
 raising are becoming important 
 industries. Game: ducks, geese, 
 prairie chickens. 
 
 CRYSTAL SPRINGS, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. on Crystal Lake, 
 population 25, has hotel, general 
 store, and school. Game: deer, 
 antelopes, jack rabbits, geese, ducks, 
 and prairie chickens in abundance. 
 Wolves, fox, and badger are exten- 
 sively trapped for their fur. 
 
 DALRYMPLE, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. is two miles east 
 of Casselton, and is the station for 
 the famous Dahrymple farm, consist- 
 ing of 25,000 acres under cultivation 
 
 DAVENPORT, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
 Branch. Population 300, has eight 
 stores, one hotel, two grain elevators, 
 flour miU, livery, blacksmith shops, 
 school, and a lumber and coal yard. 
 Products : wheat, barley, etc. Game: 
 ducks, geese, prairie chickens, etc. 
 
 DAWSON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. population, 400. 
 Lake Isabel and other beautiful lakes 
 are near. One steam flour mill, 
 three hotels, five stores, two lumber 
 yards, school house, two newspapers, 
 and one church. Good water is ob- 
 tained at a depth of 15 feet. Game: 
 rabbits, grouse, geese and ducks. 
 Products are wheat, oats, flax and 
 potatoes. Grain the principal 
 shipment. 
 
 DAZEY, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Cooperstown Branch. 
 Situated in the rich wheat belt be- 
 
 841 
 
tween the Sheyenne and James 
 Rivers, has a population of 300, two 
 hotels, four stores, one livery stable, 
 three elevators, one public hall, one 
 church, and a commodious school 
 building. Products: wheat, oats, 
 barley and flaxseed. Small game. 
 
 DICICEY, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Jaihes River Branch. 
 Population 100, has church, school, 
 theatre, two warehouses, two elevators, 
 four general stores, coal and lumber 
 yai'd and blacksmith shop ; fine place 
 for winter fishing in the James Rjver ; 
 small game abundant. 
 
 DICKINSON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On Heart River, 
 the county seat of Stark county, 
 popidation 1,500, has three hotels, 
 two newspapers, opera house, various 
 stores, school- house, four churches 
 and one bank. Antelope, and small 
 game are abundant. Products: wheat, 
 oats, corn, barley, potatoes. Round- 
 houses, shops, etc., are located here. 
 This is one of the lai^gest cattle 
 shipping points on the Northern 
 Pacific line. Sheep raising has grown 
 during the past few years to be one 
 of the principal industries. Exten- 
 sive beds of lignite coal cire located 
 east of Dickinson, and large quan- 
 tities are being mined for shipment 
 east and west. 
 
 DRAYTON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Popula- 
 tion 950, is located ia a thickly 
 settled farming country, and has six 
 laige elevators, six general stores, 
 two drug stores, harness shop, two 
 meat markets, three churches, gxaded 
 school, two hardwai'e stores, bank, 
 two hotels, livery, opera house, two 
 lumber yards, flour mill, two black- 
 smith shops, boiler and machine shop, 
 elevator, and two agricultural imple- 
 ment warehouses. 
 
 EDGELEY, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
 Branch, Population 300, has twelve 
 stores, two hotels, one weekly news- 
 paper, bank, hall, school, two 
 elevators, livery stable, two churches, 
 etc. This is the terminus of the 
 F. & S. W. branch. Connection is 
 
 made at this point with the C, 
 M. & St. P. Ry. for points south. 
 Large and small game plentiful. 
 
 ELDRIDGE, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. has loo inhabitants, 
 one hotel, church, school house, one 
 elevator, capacity 25,000 bushels, 
 one store, etc. Products: wheat, 
 etc. Game: ducks, geese and 
 chickens. 
 
 ENGLEVALE, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
 Branch. Population 100, has one 
 general store, lumber yard, coal and 
 wood yard, three elevators and 
 schoolhouse. Good farming country. 
 
 FARGO, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. county seat of Cass 
 County, has lo,ooo inhabitants, 
 twenty-eight hotels, twelve chiuxhes, 
 foiir banks, eight newspapers (three 
 daily and fine weekly), besides several 
 monthly publications, a fine new 
 opera house, a United States Land 
 Office, court house costing over 
 $ 100,000, Holly system of water- 
 works, gas and electric light plant, 
 and fine schools and school buildings, 
 three elevators vrith capacity of 
 250,000 bushels, three flour mills, 
 four wholesale grocery houses, two 
 wholesale fiuit houses, and one sad- 
 dlery jobbing house, 200 stores and 
 manufactories; all the various branch- 
 ches of trade which make a thi-ifty 
 and prosperous city. Fargo is the 
 third largest farm machinery distrib- 
 uting point in the United States. 
 Brick is also manufactured extensively. 
 By the great fire of 1893, all the 
 business houses, and the greater part 
 of the private residences were 
 destroyed. Since then the entire city 
 has been rebuilt with brick and stone, 
 making the finest appearmg city in the 
 State. A government building, to cost 
 $100,000, is in course of erection, 
 and last fall the en the business portion 
 of the city was paved at a cost of 
 over $50,000. It is favorably situated 
 on the Red River, in the center of 
 the rich agricultural belt of the 
 renowned Red River Valley, especially 
 adapted to the raising of wheat, oats, 
 barley, corn, potatoes, and live stock. 
 The Northern Pacific has round- 
 
 842 
 
houses and car sliops at this point, 
 being the junction of the Dakota 
 and Minnesota Divisions, and of the 
 Fargo & Southwestern Branch. All 
 kinds of small game plentiful. 
 
 FOREST RIVER, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
 ulation 400, has seven general stores 
 drug store, flour and feed mill, four 
 elevators, lumber, coal, and wood 
 yard, hotel, school, churches. State 
 bank, livery, etc. Principal ship- 
 ments wheat, oats, and barley. 
 
 GILBY, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
 ulation 400, has grist mill, three 
 train elevators, with a capacity of 
 0,000 bushels, grain warehoitse, 
 three general stores, one hardware 
 store, one drug store, one church 
 with two denominations, bank, restau- 
 rant, hotel, hall, school, boiler and 
 machine works, one newspaper, one 
 implement warehouse, lumber yard, 
 two wood yards, two coal yards, 
 two blacksmith shops, one meat 
 market, etc. The surrounding coun- 
 try is noted as the famous "Gilby 
 Wheat Country". Game: prairie 
 chickens and ducks. 
 
 GLADSTONE, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. At junction of 
 of Green and Heart Rivers, furnish- 
 ing water power, has 300 inhabitants, 
 one hotel, school, two stores, two 
 churches, two warehouses, one cream- 
 ery, one lumber yard, blacksmith 
 shop, and a brick roller flouring mill 
 with a capacity of 90 barrels per 
 day. Products: wheat, oats, potatoes, 
 etc. Antelope, deer, beaver, rabbit 
 and prairie chickens are abundant. 
 
 GLENULIEN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S, D. Has 450 inhab- 
 itants, one hotel, school, four stores, 
 hall, two churches, two lumber 
 yards, and blacksmith shop. Abun- 
 dance of good coal; also clay for 
 brick-making is found in this vicin- 
 ity. Game abundant. 
 
 GRAFTON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
 ulation 4,000, is the county seat of 
 Walsh county, situated in center of 
 
 01 
 
 a beautiful farming country in the 
 Red River Valley. The city is lighted 
 by electricity, and has a fine water 
 works system, thirty general stores, 
 three drug stores, two national banks, 
 two newspapers, seven grain ele- 
 vators, and a roller process flour 
 mill, good opera house. Educational 
 facilities are a high school and the 
 different ward schools. There are 
 seven churches and six hotels. 
 Principal shipments are wheat, flour, 
 barley, and flax. Farmers are also 
 now turning their attention to stock 
 raising. 
 
 GRAND FORKS, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
 ulation 7,900, county seat of Grand 
 Forks county, is located on the west 
 bank of the Red River of the North, 
 where the Red Lake and the Red 
 Rivers join. It is in the center of 
 a fine farming country which is well 
 settled by thrifty and industrious 
 people; the farms being well im- 
 proved with ^ood and substantial 
 buildings, etc. Grand Forks has 
 many substantial buildings construct- 
 ed of brick, which is manufactured 
 in large quantities at this point. 
 The city is hghted by electricity, 
 has a fine water-works system, good 
 sewerage, and gas throughout the 
 city. There are 280 stores, eighteen 
 hotels, eight churches, a court house 
 and jail, five grain elevators, capacity 
 450,000 bushels, two planing mills, 
 a saw mill, capacity 100,000 feet per 
 day, woolen mill, five National banks, 
 two breweries, three daily and two 
 weekly newspapers, a United States 
 Land Office, public halls, opera 
 house, a high school and grammar 
 school, etc. The University of North 
 Dakota is located here, affording fine 
 educational advantages to the citizens 
 of this district. 
 
 GRAND RAPIDS, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. James River Baanch. 
 Population 100, located on the James 
 River, has school and church build- 
 ings, two elevators and general 
 stores. The surrounding country is 
 very fertile. Small game abundant. 
 
 JAMESTOWN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D, population 2,297, 
 
Is the county seat of Stutsman 
 County, and is situated in the 
 beautiful valley -of the James River, 
 which furnishes good water power. 
 It has seven hotels, six churches, 
 one opera house, several daily and 
 three weekly newspapers, three 
 elevators, four school buildings, the 
 North Dakota Presbyterian College, 
 a flouring mill, a creamery, brick 
 and lime kilns, one bank, fine private 
 and business houses, excellent water- 
 works, arc and incandescent electric 
 lights, etc. The North Dakota Insane 
 Hospital, erected at a cost of 
 $500,000, is located here; also a 
 Young Ladies' Seminary, conducted 
 by Catholic sisters. At this point 
 are located the headquarters of the 
 Dakota Division and branches. The 
 Devil's Lake Branch, running to 
 Leeds, and the James River Branch, 
 running to Oakes, at which point 
 connection is made with the C. & 
 N.-W. Ry., start from here. Con- 
 nection is made at Edgeley with the 
 C, M. & St. P. Products are wheat, 
 oats flax, barley and vegetables. 
 Grain is the principal shipment. 
 Stock raising is receiving much 
 attention. Game: ducks, geese, 
 prairie chickens. 
 
 LA MOURE, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
 Branch. County seat of La Mom-e 
 county, is situated on the James 
 River, from 1.400 to 1,500 feet above 
 the sea level, with a gradual slope 
 to the river, affording fine drainage, 
 the sm'rounding country being 
 chiefly a beautiful, slightly undulating 
 prairie, which has beneath several 
 feet of black loam, a subsoil of 
 silicious marl, with a heavy clay 
 beneath for a considerable depth. 
 Such a soil is admirably adapted to 
 the production of wheat. Stock is 
 also shipped to quite an extent. La 
 Moure has a population of 800, two 
 hotels, one bank, various stores, one 
 newspaper, a fine public school 
 building, churches, and a court house. 
 La Mome is located in the midst of 
 a considerable area of unsold 
 Northern Pacific lands in what is 
 known as the indemnity limit. A 
 portion of these lands have lately 
 come into market, and are for sale 
 
 by the company. The James River 
 Branch connects La Moure with 
 Jamestown, distant 48 miles, and 
 with Oakes, distant 20 miles, and 
 the F. & So. W. Br., from Fargo to 
 Edgeley, passes through La Moure. 
 All kinds of wild fowl are abundant. 
 
 -LEEDS, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Population 250. It has one hotel, 
 bank, school, church, general stores, 
 elevators, newspaper, and lumber 
 and coal yard. Surrounded by fine 
 agricultural lands. Abundance of 
 antelope, geese, ducks, and chickens. 
 
 LISBON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
 Branch. On Sheyenne River, popula- 
 tion 1,500, is the county seat of 
 Ransom county, and has three 
 flouring mills, two schools, five 
 churches, four elevators, one grain 
 warehouse, two banks, four hotels, 
 forty stores, an opera house, three 
 newspapers, three lumber yards, two 
 wood yards, one roller mill, one 
 foundry and machine shop, two 
 wagon shops, two brick and lime 
 yards, etc. Shipments are mostly 
 grain. Game abundant. 
 
 MANDAN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
 of Morton county, has a population 
 of l,8cxD, and is situated on the west 
 bank of the Missouri River. Commod- 
 ious brick depot of tasty design, 
 costing $ 10,000, are at this point. 
 The Northern Pacific Railway have 
 between this point and Bismarck a 
 fine threepier iron bridge, which 
 spans the Missouri River. Business 
 blocks a superior red brick-home 
 manufacture-to the value off 150,000 
 have been completed. An excellent 
 quality of lignite coal is being mined 
 for commercial and railroad purposes 
 a few miles west from Mandan. 
 Mandan has five good hotels, three 
 weekly newspapers, five churches, 
 one public hall, two banks, a cream- 
 ery capacity 600 pounds of butter 
 daily, a roller flouring mill, capacity 
 600 barrels per day, in connection 
 with which is an elevator of 150,000 
 bushels capacity, a court house and 
 jail, erected at a cost of $35,000, 
 
 44 
 
food school building, etc. Two 
 35,000 iron wagon bridges over 
 the Heart River give easy cummunica- 
 tion with Fort Abraham Lincoln] 
 six miles distant, and the rich far- 
 ming valleys of "Custer^, and "Little 
 Heart," five and twelve miles south- 
 west, respectively. The change from 
 "Central" to "Mountain" New Stand- 
 ard Time is made here. At this 
 point passengers will find at the 
 station a very interesting display of 
 the taxidermist's art, consisting of 
 the heads of buffalo, elk, mountain 
 goat, and all animals common to the 
 Western country; also a very fine 
 assortment of horns and antlers. 
 Game: deer, antelope, grouse, duck, 
 prairie chickens, snipe and plover. 
 
 MAPLETON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. has 400 people, 
 three hotels, one hall, one church, 
 four elevators, one school and five 
 stores. This is a large wheat-shipping 
 point. Game : prairie chickens, ducks, 
 geese and jack rabbits. 
 
 MECKINOCK, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
 ulation 200, has three elevators, 
 capacity 90,000 bushels, three general 
 stores, church, two schools, hotel, 
 blacksmith and harness shop, and a 
 lumber, wood, and coal yard. Sur- 
 rounded by a fine wheat country. 
 
 MEDORA and LITTLE MISSOURI, 
 No. Dak. 
 N. P. R, L. S. D. (Medora O. P.), 
 lying on the east and west banks 
 of the Little Missouri River, respect- 
 ively, 80 rods apart, are practically 
 one station, with a population of 
 2oo, one hotel, and two stores. 
 Antelope, deer, bear, elk, ducks and 
 geese are plentiful. This is also the 
 central point of Pyranaid Park, being 
 but four miles distant from Cedar 
 Canon, and six miles from the burn^ 
 ing coal mines. Both places abound 
 in weird and magnificent sceneiy, 
 full of interest to scientists, and 
 wonder to pleasure seekers. 
 
 MILNOR, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 The present terminus of the Fergus 
 Falls Branch, has 500 irihabitants,' 
 
 two hotels, three churches, three 
 elevators, nine stores, one bank, one 
 public hall, one newspaper, and one 
 school. It is surrounded by a fine 
 agricultural country, and is supplied 
 with an abundance of pure water. 
 Wheat is the principal product and 
 shipment. 
 
 MINNEWAUKAN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Population 525, the county seat of 
 Benson county, at the west end 
 of Devil's Lake, in the midst of 
 one of the richest tracts of farming 
 lands offered to the settler in Dakota. 
 It has two hotels, two churches, 
 several general stores, court house, 
 public hall, bank, two livery stables, 
 blacksmith shop, a fine two-story 
 school building, two lumber yards, 
 feed mill, wood and coal yards, two 
 agricultural implement warehouses, 
 three grain elevators, and a news- 
 paper.' Products: wheat, oats, etc. 
 Game; deer, antelope, geese, ducks, 
 chickens, etc. Fine fishing in lake. 
 
 MONTPELIER, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. James River Branch. 
 Has two stores, two elevators, a 
 school house, etc. Fertile farming- 
 country surrounding it. 
 
 NEW ROCKFORD, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Is situated on the James River, 16 
 miles north of Carrington. It has a 
 population of 600, three hotels, hall, 
 seven stores, three elevators, one 
 bank, one flouring mill with a capac- 
 ity of 75 bbls. per day, one feed 
 mill, two newspapers, one school 
 and two churches. The surrounding 
 country tributary to New Rockford. 
 has a population of about 1,000, 
 and is very rich and fertile. Pro- 
 ducts: wheat, oats, coi'n, and all 
 kinds of vegetables. Game : deer, 
 antelope, foxes, geese, ducks, chick) 
 ens, etc. Fish : pickerel, muskallonge, 
 trout, etc. 
 
 NEW SALEM, No, Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D, Population 
 about 250, has two hotels six stores, 
 three lumber yards, flour mill, grain 
 warehouse, church, school, hall, cream- 
 ery, tannery, blacksmith shop. 
 
 345 
 
 16 
 
Lignite coal is found in abundance; 
 also excellent clay for brick and 
 tile making-. It is the business 
 center of a very prosperous commun- 
 ity, and a considerable amount of 
 Government and railroad land has 
 been taken up in this vicinity. 
 
 OAKES, No. Dak. N. R. R. 
 
 Population 1,000, is the southern 
 terminus of the J. R. Branch. It has 
 five elevators, four hotels, a feed 
 mill, a public hall and academy of 
 music, one flouring mill, lumber 
 yard, bank, four churches, public 
 school, two newspapers, and fifteen 
 general stores. Products: M^heat and 
 other small grain. Small game in 
 abundance. Connection is made here 
 with the C. & N.-W. R'y for points 
 south. 
 
 OBERON, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Population 250, has eight stores, 
 lumber ard coal yards, two hotels, 
 two elevators, two livery stables, 
 two blacksmith shops, a feed mill, 
 etc. Ft. Totten is 11 miles distant. 
 .The surrounding country is fine 
 agricultural land, being located in 
 the fertile Antelope Valley. Ducks, 
 geese, and chickens are very plen- 
 tiful in season. 
 
 PEMBINA, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Popula- 
 tion 1,200, the county seat of 
 Pembina Comity, is opposite St. 
 Vincent, on west side of Red River, 
 and close to the International boun- 
 dary line. The town has a bank, 
 nine general stores, three hotels, 
 good school, weekly paper, black- 
 smith shop, electric light plant, two 
 lumber yards, one feed mill, and 
 four chiurches. This is a port of 
 entry. Game in abundance. 
 
 PINGREE, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Population 50, has two elevators, 
 two stores, restaurant, one black- 
 smith and harness shop, school, etc. 
 The surrounding country affords 
 fine grazing for cattle, and is also a 
 fine agricultm'al land. Small game 
 plentiful. 
 
 SANBORN, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. population 6oo, 
 has two newspapers, two public halls, 
 four churches, two hotels, one school, 
 eleven stores, one bank, three el- 
 evators (capacity, 150,000 bushels), 
 and good local mdustries. Products 
 are wheat, oats, flax, corn and barley; 
 wheat the principal shipment. Game: 
 a few antelope, ducks, grouse and 
 geese. The Cooperstown Branch 
 starts here, and runs north 36 miles 
 to Cooperstown. 
 
 SHELDON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. FcU-go & Southwestern 
 Branch. Near the Sheyenne and 
 Maple Rivers, population 600, has 
 one newspaper, thr-ee machine depots, 
 one livery stable, three hotels, two 
 banks, one public hall, sixteen stores, 
 four grain elevators, one school 
 building and three churches. Pro- 
 ducts: wheat, oats, barley, etc., wheat 
 the principal shipment. Game: 
 antelope, geese, ducks, prairie 
 chickens. Fish; pickerel, catfish, etc. 
 
 SIMS, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R.. L. S. D, Population 300, 
 mostly miners, has a hotel, church, 
 school, various stores, etc. A very 
 good quality of lignite coal is mined 
 at this point. The surrounding- 
 country is well adapted to stock 
 raising. 
 
 STEELE, No. Dak. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. the comity seat of 
 Kidder county, has 300 inhabitants, 
 two elevators, comt house, hall, two 
 hotels, livery stable, one weekly 
 paper, school building and four 
 stores. Attention is turning to stock 
 raising, this industry more than 
 doubling the last year. Products 
 and shipments: wheat, flax, stock 
 and farm products. Game: prairie 
 chickens, geese, brant, ducks, curlew 
 and antelope. 
 
 STERLING, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. Population 50, has 
 one hotel, one general store, one 
 lumber yard, two grain warehouses, 
 two churches and a public school. 
 It is situated near- the center of 
 Burleigh county, in an excellent 
 farming country. Grain is the prin- 
 cipal shipment. Game; deer, antelope 
 and small game of all kinds. 
 
 346 
 
SYKESTON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
 Population 50, on a branch 13 miles 
 west of Carrington, is situated on 
 the Pipestem River, which can be 
 utilized for a good water power 
 Sykeston has one hotel, one hall, 
 two stores, a school and church, 
 elevator, lumber and coal yards, 
 and blacksmith shop. Surrounded 
 by rich farming country. 
 
 TOWER CITY, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. population 450, 
 has two hotels, three churches, a 
 weekly paper, bottlLag works, an 
 artesian well, public hall, one school, 
 the Tower University (conducted by 
 the Baptist denomination), two 
 elevators, steam flouriug mill, two 
 public parks, brick yard, and public 
 library. Is centrally located in a 
 wheat region. Ducks, geese, and 
 prairie chickens. 
 
 VALLEY CITY, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. on the Sheyenne 
 River, is the county seat of Barnes 
 county. It numbers 1,500 inhab- 
 itants, has three hotels, five churches, 
 three newspapers (one daily^, two 
 public halls, one school building, a 
 steam flouririg mill (225 bbs. capacity), 
 four elevators, one bank, and over 
 20 stores. State Normal School is 
 located here. Fine grazing and 
 grain growing section. Wheat, flour 
 and small grains principal shipments. 
 Game: ducks, prairie chickens and 
 antelope. 
 
 VALLEY JUNCTION, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
 Branch. Junction point of J. R. and 
 
 F. & S. W. branches, 
 warehouse. 
 
 One wheat 
 
 WAHPETON, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
 Population 3,000, is located at the 
 junction of the Otter Tail and Bois 
 de Sioux rivers, at the head of 
 steamboat navigation on the Red 
 River. It is the county seat of 
 Richland county, and has two school 
 buildings, opera house, two public 
 halls, seven churches. The Red 
 River Valley University, Methodist 
 College of North Dakota is located 
 here, three elevators with 170,000 
 bushels capacity, two large grain 
 warehouses, one steam flouring mill, 
 one steam factory and repair shop, 
 three banks, five hotels, four news- 
 papers, water works and electric 
 light plants, lumber yards, fifty-five 
 stores, etc. Surrounded by fine 
 prairie land. Grain and flour prin- 
 cipal shipments. 
 
 WHEATLAND, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. population 350, 
 has two hotels, one newspaper, one 
 school house, three elevators, six 
 stores, one bank, one livery stable, 
 two churches, etc. Grain shipments 
 are wheat, oats, flax and barley; 
 wheat shipments large. Small game 
 abundant. 
 
 WINDSOR, No. Dak. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. population 20, has 
 one elevator (25,000 bu. capacity), 
 two stores, school, and church. 
 Geese, ducks, and chicken plentiful 
 in season. Fox, badger, and antelope 
 are trapped within three miles of 
 the town. 
 
 347 
 
 16* 
 
OHIO. 
 
 The State of Ohio derives its name 
 from the large river fonning its 
 southern and eastern boundaries. 
 Joliet was the first white man to 
 visit this region in 1669; for this 
 reason, Ohio became by right of 
 occupation, a part of New France, 
 extending in olden times, from 
 Labrador to the Mississippi. The 
 King of England, after the annexation 
 of French America, in 1763, proclai- 
 med Ohio to be outside of aU exist- 
 ing provinces and under the king's 
 sovereignty, protection and dominion, 
 for the use of the Indians. But in 
 1774 the Earl of Dimmore sent 
 troops there and Ohio was annexed 
 by him to the Province of Quebec. 
 After the Great Revolution, the 
 states of Virginia, New York and 
 Connecticut claimed part of the 
 territory, according to their old 
 charters, granted them by the kings, 
 James II and Charles II, in the iTth 
 century. 
 
 A band of New Englcind veterans, 
 of the Revolutionary War, made the 
 first permcment settlement at Mar- 
 ietta, m 1798, where the Muskingum 
 empties into the Ohio. Marietta 
 was so called in memory of Queen 
 Marie Antoinette of France. In the 
 same year Cincinnati was founded 
 and the North -West Territory sett- 
 led; which territory includes all 
 land north-west of the Ohio River 
 and east of the Mississippi, includhig 
 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin 
 I and a pai-t of Minnesota. Its 
 Constitution contained the clause, 
 that there should be neither slavery 
 nor involuntary servitude. In 1796, 
 
 Moses Cleaveland, with Connecticut 
 people, founded Cleveland on Lake 
 Erie, now an extraordinarily flourish- 
 ing city. Ohio, with its present 
 boundaries, was admitted as a state 
 in 1802 and had a population of: 
 2,665,260 m 1870 
 3,198,062 in 1880 
 3,672,316 in l890 
 and to-day has more than 4,000,000. 
 The products of manufactures aic 
 yearly: $348,305,690; $156,777,152 of 
 farming. There are 183,609 opera- 
 tives, earning 62,103,800 wages yearly. 
 
 In past times there were very 
 bloody fights in Ohio with the 
 Indians, who endeavored to check 
 the white invaders by murderous 
 massacres. The country between the 
 two Miami Rivers won the fatal 
 name of the, "Miami Slaughter Pen." 
 But already in 1811, the first stea- 
 mer, the "Orleans", descended the 
 Ohio from Pittsburg to Cincinnati. 
 In the war of 1812, the English 
 army invaded Ohio, but was repulsed. 
 During the Civil War Ohio stood in 
 the front rank of the combattants 
 for the emancipation of the slaves. 
 In 1863 Ohio had about 200,000 
 soldiers in the field, retaining also 
 the Ohio organized militia of 168,000 
 men and the armed and disciplined 
 Ohio Volunteer Militia of 44,000. 
 
 In Ohio there lived in 1890 
 235,668 German bom persons. 
 
 The name Ohio is derived from 
 the Indian word; "Oheo", meanins 
 the "beautiful river". The Ohio is 
 the largest tributary of the Mississippi, 
 emptying into it a greater guantity 
 of water than the Missouii. The 
 
river drains 214,000 square miles, 
 falling frona 697 feet high at Pitts- 
 burg, to 269 ft. at CairOj affording 
 immense water power to its borders. 
 
 Ohio is the fourth state in the 
 Union in population and wealth, 
 raising yearly 100,000,000 bushels 
 of com, 37,000,000 of wheat, 
 i37,000,OOOofoats,12,000,OOOpotatoes, 
 35,000,000poundsoftobacco,3,000,000 
 tons of hay, 2,500,000 gallons of 
 wine, 31,000,000 bushels of apples, 
 1,500,000 of peaches, 3,000,000 
 pounds of maple sugar, 2,500,000 
 pounds of honey and plenty of other 
 agricultural products. The popular 
 name of Ohio, is the "Buckeye" 
 State, from the multitude of buckeye- 
 trees, the nuts of which resemble a 
 buck's eye, 
 
 AKRON, Ohio 
 
 A flourishing city of 30,000 inhab- 
 itants, on the Ohio and Erie Canal 
 and the Cuyahoga River; the latter 
 affords water power for the flour 
 mills, woolen mills and other indus- 
 trial establishments of the city. Seat 
 of Buchiel College, organized in 
 1870 by the Ohio Universalist Con- 
 vention, with 17 iastructors, 180 
 students and a library of seven 
 thousand volumes. 
 
 Railroads: N. Y. Lake Erie & 
 Western. 
 
 ALLIANCE, Ohio. 
 An important railroad junction, 83 
 miles west of Pittsbuig and 17 miles 
 east of Canton, Ohio. A branch 
 line of the Pennsylvania R. R. runs 
 from here to Cleveland. 
 
 ATHENS, Ohio. 
 A small town of 2620 inhabitants, 
 prettily situated on the Hocking 
 River, a ti-ibutary of the Ohio; 
 station of the B. & O. R. R. Seat 
 of the Ohio University, founded in 
 1804, the oldest institution of science 
 west of the Ohio River, with 
 25 instructors and 320 students, 
 having access to a library of 15,000 
 volumes. In the vicinity of Athens 
 are interesting Inditm mounds, much 
 visited by scientific explorers, who 
 believe them to be a relic of the early 
 nhabitants of the United States. 
 
 BELLAIRE, Ohio. 
 
 A steamer landing and railroad 
 junction on the Ohio, between Whee- 
 ling, W. Virginia and Zanesville, 
 Ohio; 98 mUes from Pittsbiurg, Pa. 
 and 378 mUes, by river, to Cinnciaati. 
 
 BELLEFONTAINE, Ohio. 
 A trading town of 5000 inhabitants, 
 about 60 miles north-west of Colum- 
 bus and the Capital of Logan County. 
 It takes its name from the numerous 
 large fountains of excellent fresh 
 water, in the surrounding forests 
 and hills. The neighborhood is very 
 fertile, aU kinds of farming produce 
 being produced here. There are also 
 some manufactories and public build- 
 ings. 
 
 BELPRE, Ohio. 
 A steamer landing and railway 
 crossing on the Ohio, opposite 
 Parkersburg, West Virginia, with 
 which it is connected by a splendid 
 railway bridge. 
 
 BLENNERHASSET'S ISLAND. 
 
 In the Ohio River, two miles below 
 Parkersburg, once the residence of 
 H. Blennerhassett, an Irishman of 
 distriaction, connected with the fa- 
 mous conspiracy of Aaron Burr. 
 His Cottage and beautiful gardens 
 were destroyed, so that now the 
 ruins only are to be seen. 
 
 CANTON, Ohio. 
 A remarkable city of 28,000 inhab- 
 itants, very nicely situated on Nimis- 
 killen Creek and surrounded by a 
 farming district excellent for the 
 growing of wheat. Bituminous coal 
 and limestone, found in the vicinity, 
 supply a flourishing manufacturing 
 industry. Canton is wellknown all 
 over the world as being the birth- 
 place of President Mc. Kinley, who 
 has his residence here. 
 
 CHILLICOTHE, Ohio. 
 A flom-ishing city of 12,000 inhab- 
 itants, nicely situated on the Scioto 
 River and the Erie and Ohio Canal. 
 The first settlement was made here 
 in 1796. From 1800 to 1810 it was 
 the seat of the state government, 
 aftei-wards removed to Zanesville. 
 
The country around the city being 
 
 very fertile and populons, is the 
 soune of a large trade in agricultural 
 iniglenients. There are also important 
 manufactories, including the shops 
 of the Baltimore & Ohio R. R., flour 
 mills, machine shops, carriage and 
 car factories, shoe factories, paper 
 mills and others. 
 
 CINCINJ^ATI, Ohio. 
 The Metropolis of Ohio, situated 
 in 39 6' N. and Long. 84 27 W., on 
 the northern bank of the Ohio River. 
 Foimded in 1778, it was incorporated 
 as a city in 1814, having m 1850 
 a population of 115,436. In 1890 it 
 had grown to 800,000 inhabitants, 
 exclusive of several populous subur- 
 ban villages, with more than 150,000 
 souls. The names of these villages, 
 on the hilltops of the Ohio are: 
 Cli/tofi, Mi. Avondale, Mt. Auburn, 
 Price Hill and Wahtut Hill. The hills 
 surrounding Cincinnati are 350-450 
 feet in height, forming one of the 
 most beautiful amphitheaters on the 
 continent. From the hilltops; Cincin- 
 nati, the large river and the cities of 
 Covington and Newport, Kentucky 
 may be seen. The central position 
 of Cincinnati has rendered it one of 
 the most important commercial 
 centers of the West, hence its name: 
 "The Queen City of the West". 
 Among its principal features are the 
 great schools of Art and Music; the 
 S' lendid public buildings, like the 
 Post Oj'fice, government building, 
 the building of the Chamber of 
 Commerce, the Masonic Temple, the 
 Sf ringer Music Hall, and others; 
 the inclined railroads, leading to the 
 hills, the suspension bridge, to the 
 Kentucky shore of the river; the 
 magnificent large Parks, Burnel 
 Wood, Eden and the Zoological 
 Garden; the Great Exposition 
 Bztilding and Music Hall; Spring 
 Grove Cemetery, generally believed 
 to be one of the most picturesque 
 in the world; the beautiful Tyler- 
 Davidson Fountain; the interesting 
 Gei-man Quarter, "Over the Rhine", 
 (i. e. the Miami Channel) and "last 
 but not least", the very much 
 frequented German Beer Cellars on 
 the hilltops, where every visitor feels 
 himself more fioralortable than in 
 
 I any other city. Cincinnati is one of 
 I the largest American Manufacturing 
 Centers. In the city itself, their are 
 about 100,000 workingmen, produ- 
 cing yearly more than $ 200,000,000 
 of goods. 
 
 Cincinnati is principally built upon 
 two terraces ; the first 60, the second' 
 112 feet above the Ohio. The latter 
 has been graded to an easy slope, 
 terminating at the base of the hills. 
 The streets are laid out with great 
 regularity, crossing each other at 
 right angles, are broad and well 
 paved and, for the most part, beau- 
 tifully shaded. The business portion 
 of the city is compactly built. The 
 outer highland belt of the city, is 
 beautified by costly residences, 
 erected in the midst of extensive and 
 neatly adorned grounds. The most 
 prominent business street is Fountain 
 Square, an enlargement of Fifth 
 Street, with the Tyler-Davidson 
 Fountain, one of the most notable 
 works of art in the United States; 
 it was cast in Munich, after the model 
 of A. von Kreling, a well known 
 German sculptor; it cost nearly 
 $ 200,000. 
 
 Other important business streets 
 are; Thira and especially Fourth 
 Streets, Pearl Street, Vine and 
 Main Streets. Along Front Street 
 at the foot of Mdn Street, is the 
 Levee or Public Landing, an open 
 area, paved with boulders, 1000 feet 
 long and 425 feet wide. Steamboats 
 from many places on the Ohio and 
 Mississippi and their tributaries, call 
 here, the principal place of intercourse. 
 Other interesting streets are Pine St. 
 from Bid to 5th, called "Lovers 
 Walk"; the portion of Freeman St., 
 lying along Lincoln Park, a favorite 
 promenade, and Emery Arcade, 
 extanding from Vine to Rail St., 
 between 4th and 5th Streets, a 
 distance of 400 feet, having nice 
 stores of various kinds. The Building 
 of the Chamber of Commerce, erec- 
 ted after designs by H. H. Richardson, 
 may be called the most beautiful 
 edifice in the city; it is open on 
 every business day from 11,00 a. m. 
 to 2,00 p. m. The City Hall is also 
 a splendid building, of red sandstone, 
 occpuying the entire block, bounded 
 by Central Avenue, Plum, Eighth and 
 
Ninth Streets. It was completed in 
 1893. From its tower the visitor 
 has a very ^ood view of the city. 
 The University of Cincinnati, with 
 20 instructors and 300 students, has 
 a library of 20,000 volumes. It was 
 founded by Ch. Mc Micken ia 1870 
 and has its new and fine buildings 
 in Burnet Woods Park. The Art 
 Museum, erected in Eden Park at 
 a cost of over 350,000, contains 
 paintings, sculptures and other works 
 of art. It is open daily from 9,00 
 a. m to 5,00 p. m., Sundays 1,00 p. m. 
 to 5,00 p. m. Admission 25 cents, 
 (during the summer months) ; Sundays 
 and Thursdays 10 cents. 
 
 The Suspension Bridge, connect- 
 ing Cincinnati with Covington, Kent- 
 ucky, is very remarkable. John A. 
 Roetling, the well known German 
 engineer, who constructed the East 
 River Bridge, between New York 
 andBrooklyn, also erected this bridge, 
 the pride of the Queen City. Its 
 height above the river is over 100 
 feet, entire length, 2,718 feet, distance 
 froin tower to tower, 1,057 feet. A 
 toll of three cents is charged. There 
 are also five other bridges across 
 the Ohio, connecting the metropolis 
 with Newport and Covington. The 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Bridge, 
 also a magnificent piece of engineer- 
 ing, is built on the principle of 
 parabolic truss and has three spans, 
 the middle one 550 feet long, re- 
 presenting the longest truss span in 
 the word. 
 
 Every European visitor to Cin- 
 cinnati should go "over the Rhine" . 
 At least a third of Cincinnati's pop- 
 ulation is German bom or of German 
 descent. This pcu-t of the population 
 occupies the large portion of the 
 city, north of the Miami Channel, 
 called "Father Rhine" . The visitor 
 here hears no other language than 
 German. All theaters, turner halls, 
 churches, dwelling, more particularly 
 the beer cellars and beer gardens, 
 remind the tourist of Germany. 
 From the Lookout Hottse, a beer- 
 garden on top of Mt. Auburn, (in- 
 clined railway), the best views of 
 the surroimding country can be 
 obtained. 
 
 Railways: Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
 
 Dayton; Cincinnati, Lebanon feNor^ 
 thern; Cincinnati Northwestern; Cin- 
 cinnati, Washington & Baltimore; 
 C. C. C. & St. L.; Lake Erie «fe 
 Western; Ohio & Mississippi j Ohio & 
 Northwestern ; Pittsburg, Cincinnati 
 & St. Louis. ' 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Atlas NaVl Bank, Foreign Dep't, 
 Cincinnati Ohio. 
 
 Bej)ler & Co., 180 E 3rd St, Cinc- 
 innati Ohio. 
 
 5'. Kuhn & Sons, Cincinnati Ohio, 
 
 F. Matt, German Nat'l Bank, Cinc- 
 innati Ohio. 
 
 Ohio Valley Nat. Bank, 17 E 3d 
 St., Cincinnati Ohio. 
 
 Western German B'k., Cincinnati 
 Ohio. 
 
 CLEVELAND, Ohio. 
 The second city of Ohio, situated 
 on the south shore of Lake Erie, at 
 the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, 
 on a high bluff, one of the most 
 beautiful places on the great lakes. 
 The great number of trees in its 
 avenues and the gardens surrounding 
 the residences, have won for it the 
 title of " The Forest City" ; it is also 
 a very healthy resort. Its principal 
 features are: the Viaduct, connectmg 
 Cleveland and West Cleveland, built 
 across the Cuyahoga Valley and the 
 spacious harbor, with piers and two 
 breakwaters, erected at great expense. 
 The great Viaduct, spaimin^ the 
 river valley, on a level with the 
 plateau, was completed in 1878; it 
 is 3211 feet long and a triumph of 
 American engineering. But more 
 important still, is the fine haibor, 
 with five ship-yards, for the con- 
 struction of wooden and steel vessels. 
 There is sufficient room for the 
 myriads of steamers and sailing 
 vessels, ploughing the waters of the 
 great lakes. The mammoth tourist 
 steamers, running between Buffalo 
 and Duluth, always stop sevei-al ' 
 hours at Cleveland, so as to give 
 passengers an opportunity of seeing 
 the "Forest City". General Moses 
 Cleveland of Connecticut, established 
 
here the first settlement in 1796, but 
 it was not till 1834, that the city 
 began to develope, when the Ohio 
 Channel, connecting the Ohio River 
 with Lake Erie, was completed. 
 Another impetus was given the town 
 in 1850, by the railway system hav- 
 ing at this point, a very important 
 junction. Twelve- lines of steamers 
 and ten railways converge here, 
 handling an immense commerce. 
 The manufacturing industry took a 
 rapid start, especially the iron and 
 steel branches, which are very nu- 
 merously and largely represented. 
 The Standard Oil Company has etab- 
 lished here large coal-oil refining 
 workshops, 50,000 workmen being 
 employed in the industries coimected 
 with oil refining, in ship buUding 
 and in the manufacture of agricultural 
 implements, wooden ware, railroad 
 cars, sewing machines, sulphuric 
 acid, white lead and many other 
 things. The value of products in 
 1890 amounted to $105,000,000. In 
 1870, Cleveland had 92,829 inhab- 
 itants; but in 1890, 261,353. At the 
 time of the Centennial Festival, 
 in 1896, the population was estimated 
 to be 300,000, more than one tenth 
 being of German descent. 
 
 The most prominent Streets are: 
 Euclid Avenue, Superior, Prospect, 
 Detroit, Ontario, Water, Bank, Seneca 
 and St. Clair Streets. Superior Street 
 is the principal thoroughfare, the 
 western portion of which, contains 
 the most prominent business houses 
 in the city, among them : Case Hall, 
 the Perry -Paine Building, Post 
 Office, City Hall, Mtisic Hall, Hotel 
 Hollenden and others. The Public 
 Square or Monumental Park, is a 
 large square, in the center of the 
 city, intersected by Superior Street 
 and in which are the monuments of 
 Moses Cleaveland and to the Sold- 
 iers of Cuyahog-a County, who fell 
 in the Civil War. Euclid Avenue has 
 its business center in the vicinity 
 of Public Square, the greater part of 
 which, however, is one of the hand- 
 somest residence streets in America, 
 intersecting the beautiful Wade Park, 
 in the grounds of which, are the 
 buildings of the Western Reserve 
 University and the Case School of 
 Applied Sciences. The avenue ex- 
 
 tends out to the beautiful Lake View 
 Cemetery, covering 300 acres, on 
 which S 500,000 has been expended. 
 2Vj acres, at the highest point of 
 the cemetery grounds, is reserved 
 for the Garfield Monument, beneath 
 which, lie the remains of the late 
 President, who was bom at Cleve- 
 land. Prospect Street, running pa- 
 rallel to Euclid Avenue, rivals with 
 the latter in beauty. 
 
 The interesting Statue of Com- 
 modore Perry, the hero of the naval 
 engagement with the British, in 1812, 
 formerly in Monumental Pcirk, has 
 been removed to Wade Park. If 
 the weather is fine, every one should 
 visit the parks of the "Forest City", 
 among them, Gordon Park and the 
 Blufi's of Rocky River, which latter' 
 flows seven miles west of the great 
 Viaduct, through a deep gorge, be- 
 tween pei-pendicular cliffs; from here 
 the most extensive and unbroken 
 view may be obtained of Lake Erie. 
 Black River Point is seen on the 
 west, the spires of Cleveland shining 
 out against the green curve of the 
 eastern shore; away towai-ds the 
 north, stretches the immense expanse 
 of water, unbrocken to the view, on 
 the horizon line of which, distant 
 sails may be seen, which, however, 
 are still only in midlake, with miles 
 of blue waves beyond. If the weather 
 is not fine, go into the Arcade, a 
 fine passage, 400 feet long and 150 
 feet high, connectmg Superior Street 
 with Euclid Avenue. There you will 
 find, beautiful stores and interesting 
 exhibitions, besides meeting the haute 
 volee of the city. 
 
 The Western Reserve College was 
 founded at Hudson in 1826, being 
 removed to Cleveland in 1882. In 
 1884, the Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity was chartered, deriving its name' 
 from the fact, that the southern shores 
 of Lake Erie were formerly the 
 "Western Reserve" of the Slate of 
 Connecticut. The trustees having 
 decided against co-education, a se- 
 parate woman's college was erected 
 and connected with the university. 
 The latter has now 152 instiuctors, 
 920 students and a library of 130,000 
 volumes. 
 Railroads: Cleveland, Cincinnati; 
 
Chicago & St. Louis; Cleveland & 
 Canton; Cleveland & Pittsburg; Lake 
 Shore & Michigan Southern; N. Y. 
 Chicago & St. Louis; New York, 
 Lake Erie & Western. 
 
 Agents of the North GermanLloyd: 
 E. L. Browne 8c Co., 189 Superior 
 St., Cleveland Ohio. 
 
 D. Jay Collver & Co., Superior 
 St., Cleveland Ohio. 
 
 GerAm Sav Bank Co., Cleveland 
 Oh^o. 
 
 Louis Percsel, 534 Pearl St., 
 Cleveland Ohio. 
 
 M. Schaffer, 218 Bank St. Cleve- 
 land Ohio. 
 
 / C. Wa^^nerScBro, 178 Superior 
 St., Cleveland Ohio. 
 
 COLUMBUS, Ohio. 
 
 Capital of the State of Ohio and 
 the third largest city in the state, 
 situated on the eastern bank of the 
 Scioto River, a tributary of the Ohio, 
 200 miles long. Columbus lies 
 nearly in the center of the state. 
 130 miles west of Cleveland and 
 100 miles east of Cincinnati. In- 
 corporated as a city in 1834, it is 
 now a flourishing place of about 
 100,000 inhabitants. Its manufactories, 
 especially of iron and steel, agri- 
 cultural implements and carriages, 
 ai'e IkxgQ, its commercial interests 
 important, but its wealth and growth 
 are principally due to the con- 
 centration of public institutions; the 
 most prominent of which are: the 
 State Capitol, in the midst of a large 
 square, covered with trees, on which 
 there ai-e many gray squirrels. The 
 CityHall'vs, another magnificent build- 
 ing, in Ca^iiol Sguare, with a tower 
 138 feet high, disclosing a beautiful 
 view of the city. 
 
 The_ Ujtited States Government 
 Building, erected at an expense of 
 
 300,000, contains the Post Office 
 and United States Court House. 
 The State Court House is also a 
 prominent building, costing more 
 than 500,000. The State Penitenti- 
 ary, in the castellated style, covers 
 thirty acres of ground, on the east 
 bank of the river, just below where 
 the Olentangy empties into the 
 Scioto. The Central Ohio Ltmatiz 
 Asylum occupied 300 acres, on the 
 hills west of the city. The Blind 
 Asylum-, the Dea/a.nA Dum,b Asylum- 
 and the Idiot Asylum-, are other 
 public institutions of importance, 
 with extensive buildings. IThe U.S. 
 Barracks, in the midst of a nice 
 park, in the north-eastern suburb of 
 Columbus, with many offices and 
 magazines. The Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, organized in 1870, with the 
 State Agricultural Experim.ent 
 Station; the Ohio Meteorological 
 Bureau and the State Forestry 
 Bureatt, has 79 instructors and 900 
 students. The latter foi-m a battalion 
 of four companies, commanded by 
 lieutenants of the U. S. Army. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Reinhard & Co., 180 S High St., 
 Columbus Ohio. 
 
 Ward Bros, 272 N High St., 
 Columbus Ohio. 
 
 John G. Grossm-an, 41 S High St., 
 Columbus Ohio. 
 
 B. Kiesewetter, Cashier Ohio 
 Savings Bank, Columbus Ohio. 
 
 CONNEAUT, Ohio. 
 A town near the boundary line 
 beetween Ohio and Pennsylvania, 
 known as the landing-place of the 
 first settlers of the northern part 
 of Ohio. 
 
 COSHOCTON, Ohio. 
 
 The Capital of Coshocton County, 
 picturesquely built up on the hills 
 above the Muskingum River, about 
 40 miles north of ZanesviUe. 
 
 Railroads: Pittsburg, Cincinnati 
 & St. Louis; Cleveland & Canton. 
 
 DAYTON, Ohio. 
 The fifth largest city in the state, 
 founded in 1796, on the Great Miami 
 River, where the Mad River empties 
 
into it. Dayton had in 1890, 61,220 
 inhabitants and is an industrial center 
 of remai'kable activit)^, emplojdng 
 more than 10,000 operatives and 
 turning out agricultural machines, 
 steam engines, boilers, railrod cars, 
 stoves, paper, hoUow ware and other 
 industrial objects, amounting }'^early 
 to over 23,000,000. The public 
 buildinps are worthy of special notice, 
 especiafly, the Central National 
 Soldier's Home. There are also 52 
 churches, two court houses of white 
 marble, connected by corridors, a 
 fine Soldiers' Monument, erected in 
 1884, a Public Library, in the center 
 of Public Square, containing 35,000 
 volumes and other interesting build- 
 ings. Seven railways converge within 
 the city limits. 
 
 Railroads: C. C. C. & St. Louis; 
 C. H. & D.; D. Fort Wayne & 
 Chicago ; N. Y. Lake Erie & Western; 
 P. C. & St. Louis. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Jacob Stephans, 37 Jefferson St., 
 Dayton Ohio. 
 
 The Central National Soldier's 
 Home. This group of forty fine build- 
 ings, including a church and a hospital, 
 accommodating 300 patients, is sit- 
 uated thi-ee miles west of Dayton, on 
 the summit of a picturesque hill. 
 The grounds embrace 700 acres, 
 well shaded by forest trees, with a 
 deer park, three artificial lakes, an 
 artificial grotto, hot-houses and flower 
 beds. 5000—6000 veterans are living 
 here, enjoying a fine Library, music 
 hall, billiard rooms, bowling-alleys 
 and other sources of entertamment. 
 DELAWARE, Ohio. 
 
 A town of 8200 inhabitants, on the 
 Oleautangy River, remarkable for its 
 mineral springs; seat of the Ohio 
 Wesleyan University, organized in 
 1844 by the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church and has 98 instructors, 1400 
 students and a library of 18,000 
 voliunes. Since 1863 the University 
 has been connected with the Ohio 
 Wesleyan Female College. 
 
 Railroads,- C. C. C. & St. L. 
 DRESDEN, Ohio. 
 
 A German settlement, on the Mus- 
 
 kingum River, 17 miles above Zanes- 
 ville, with which latter city it is 
 connected by rail and steamer. 
 HAMILTON, Ohio. 
 
 25 miles north-west of Cincinnati, 
 the manufacturing center with 20,000 
 inhabitants, of a rich farming countiy 
 on the Miami: producing especially: 
 machines, railway supplies, agricul- 
 tural implements, paper, flour and 
 woolen goods. The Miami, having 
 here a fall of 28 feet, furnishes 
 excellent water power for all in- 
 dustrial purposes of the city. 
 
 Railroads : Chicago, St. Louis & 
 Pittsburg; Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
 Dayton. 
 
 IRONTON, Ohio. 
 
 An important business center on 
 the Ohio, 150 miles east of Cin- 
 cinatti, situated on the top of pic- 
 turesque hnis; headquarters of the 
 famous "Hanging Rock", iron region, 
 embracing a portion of southern 
 Ohio and northeast Kentucky. In 
 1890 it numbered 10,989 inhabitants. 
 The steamers running between Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. and Cairo, 111., touch here 
 at the landing-stage. There are also 
 several machine shops, blast furnaces, 
 rolling mills and other manufactories. 
 
 Rauroad: Dayton, Fort Wayne 
 & Chicago. 
 
 LAI^SIDE, Ohio. 
 
 A very pupular summer resort on 
 the lake shore, just outside the mouth 
 of the beautiful bay of Sanduskey. 
 Lakeside is the terminus of all rail- 
 ways touching Sanduskey and the 
 steamer landing of several lines, 
 connecting Sanduskey with Detroit 
 and other Lake cities. 
 
 LIMA, Ohio. 
 
 A remarkably busy trading town, 
 at one of the most important rail- 
 road jimctions, in the north-western 
 part of the state. Population 14,000. 
 
 Railroads: Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
 Dayton; Lake Erie & Western; 
 Pittsburg, Fort Wajrne & Chicago. 
 LONDON, Ohio. 
 
 A nice town, 25 miles west of 
 Columbus, on the Pan Handle Route, 
 the Capital of Madison County, with 
 good schools, several public build- 
 ings etc. 
 
MANSFIELD, Ohio. 
 An industrial city of 15,000 inhab- 
 itants, at the crossing of the New 
 York, Chicago and St. Louis R. R. 
 engaged in the manufacture of tresh- 
 ing machines, machinery, flour, 
 stoves, paper and furniture. The ad- 
 jacent region being fertile and 
 populous, a profitable trade in com 
 and other agricultural products is 
 carried on. The Court House is the 
 most important public building. 
 
 Railroads: B. & O.; N. Y. Lake 
 Erie and Western. 
 
 MARIETTA, Ohio. 
 A thriving city of 10,000 inhabi- 
 tants, picturesquely situated where 
 the Muskingum River empties into 
 the Ohio, on the west bank of the 
 latter. The steamers, nmning be- 
 tween Pittsburg and Cairo, 111., touch 
 here at their landing-stage. Marietta 
 is also the terminus of the Cleveland 
 and Marietta R. R. It carries on a 
 large trade in petroleum, obtained 
 in the vicinity. Marietta College, 
 a non-sectarian institution, founded 
 here in 1833, has a staff of 27 in- 
 structors and 273 students and a 
 large library of 52,000 volumes. 
 Marietta is the oldest settlement in 
 Ohio, being founded in 1788. 
 
 MASSILLON, Ohio. 
 A busy industrial city, on the Ohio 
 and Erie Canal and the Tuscarawas 
 River, with 11,000 inhabitants. The 
 country in the neighborhood is one 
 of the best and the most productive 
 coal fields of Ohio, as weU as contain- 
 ing an excellent white sandstone. 
 Large shipments of coal, sandstone, 
 iron ore, wool, flour and grain, are 
 made from here to aU parts of the 
 state. 
 
 NEWARK, Ohio. 
 Situated at the crossing of the 
 Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and 
 St. Louis R. R. and Baltimore & 
 Ohio R. R. as well as at the con- 
 fluence of three branches of the 
 Licking River, an industrious city 
 of 15,000 inhabitants. In the vicinity 
 are cojil niines, coal oil refining 
 establishments and quarries of sand- 
 stone. The Erie and Ohio Canal 
 
 intersects Newark, affording an 
 opportunity for local shipping trade. 
 
 OBERLIN, Ohio. 
 A smcdl town, 4I miles west of 
 Cleveland, owing its sole importance 
 to being the seat of Oberlin College, 
 organized inl83B by the Congregation- 
 alists and especially devoted to the 
 education of pastors and missionaries. 
 The institution numbers 88 instruc- 
 tors and (1896) 1462 students, with 
 a library of over 44,000 volumes. 
 Oberlin College, combining manual 
 labor with study, was the first to 
 open its doors to negro students. 
 
 POMEROY, Ohio. 
 The fifth important town on the 
 river above Cincinnati in trade and 
 commerce, having a population of 
 5000. It is surrounded by 26 salt 
 furnaces and several coal mines. 
 Te furnaces have a yearly output of 
 about 12,000,000 bushels. The stea- 
 mers running between Pittsburg Pa. 
 and Cairo, ID., touch here. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH, Ohio. 
 A picturesquely situated town on 
 the Ohio River, at its confluence 
 with the Scioto and the terminus of 
 the famous Lake Erie and Ohio 
 Channel.. It is a very flourishing 
 city with a population of about 15,000 
 souls. The Scioto Valley is one of 
 the best farming districts of this 
 fertile region. Its products are 
 a source of a very profitable trade 
 in country produce; although the 
 iron industry forms the principal 
 source of wealth to the city. Ports- 
 mouth is the distributing center of 
 the rich mineral deposits df this 
 neighboihood,having also manyblast- 
 furaaces, rolling mills, foundries and 
 other factories. There is a landing- 
 place of the steamers plying between 
 Pittsburg, Pa. and Cairo, 111. Ports- 
 mouth IS also the terminus of a 
 branch of a Baltimore & Ohio R. R. 
 
 PUT-IN-BAY ISLANDS, Ohio. 
 
 The name of a handsome group of 
 islands in the north-west comer of 
 Lake Erie, where the Detroit River 
 empties into the lake. A very 
 popular summer resort, combining 
 
all the advantages of pure air, bathing, 
 fishing, boating and all the conveni- 
 ences of any of the lake cities. There 
 are only 600 inhabitants, but several 
 summer hotels. Kelly's Island is 
 the largest of the group and has 
 daily steamer connection withDetroit. 
 Some people praise the products of 
 the vineyai'ds of these islands, but 
 all Ohio wines have a disagreeable 
 flavor. 
 
 SANDUSKY, Ohio. 
 An important town on the beautiful 
 Sandusky Bay, the largest inlet on the 
 southern shore of Lake Erie, between 
 Cleveland andToledOjUdth an excellent 
 lake harbor. Sandusky carries on the 
 largest trade in fresh water fish, in 
 the world, amounting in value to 
 2,000,000 yearly; a very extensive 
 fruit trade (more than 1,000,000 
 yearly), has a yield of 2,000,000 
 gallons of wine a year and a remar- 
 kable trade in blue and white lime- 
 stone. 1000 men are employed 
 in the fish industry alone; the annual 
 ice yield of Sandusky amoimts to 
 250,000 tons, all of which can be 
 stored at one time in the capacious 
 ice-houses. The State Fish Maichery 
 is here, 3000 young M-^hite fish being 
 put into the lake every year. The 
 town has 20,000 inhabitants and is 
 finely built on a slope, rising from 
 te lake, affording a delightful view 
 over Lake Erie. The steamers irun- 
 ning between Buffalo and Toledo, 
 stop here, affording an opportunity 
 for tourists to take a look at this 
 charming city. 
 
 SHELBY JUNCTION, Ohio. 
 Crossing of the Lake Erie Division 
 of the B. & O. R. R., a busy village, 
 about 70 miles from Cleveland. 
 
 SIDNEY, Ohio. 
 A pretty town on the Great Miami 
 River, 23 miles south-west of Belle- 
 fontaine. A branch of the Miami 
 Channel intersects the city, affording 
 considerable water power. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, Ohio. 
 
 A thriving city of 35,000 inhabitarits, 
 
 at the confluence of Madison River 
 
 and Lagonda Creek, which afford 
 
 excellent water power for the city's 
 
 manufactories. The city lies in tAe 
 midst of the veiy richest farmihg 
 country, owing to which, Springfeld 
 carries on a great trade in wheat, 
 com, flour and other agricultural 
 products. The Lutheran Seminary 
 (Wittenberg College) ■wts foutded 
 here in 1845. It has 450 students, 
 instructed by 21 teachers and haring 
 access to a library of 12,000 volumes. 
 Railroads: C. C. C. & St. L.; 
 New York, Lake Erie & Western. 
 
 STEUBENVILLE, Ohio. 
 On the west bank of the Ohio, 
 where the Pan Handle Route crosses 
 the river, which is here over a quarter 
 of a mile wide; an inoustrial 
 and commercicil city of some 
 importance. It had 13,394 inha- 
 bitants in 1890. Flour mills, 
 foundries, machine shops, loliing 
 mills and other industries. Ex- 
 cellent coal abounds in this region, 
 there being no less than eirfit shafts 
 within the city limits. The sur- 
 rounding country being very fertile, 
 Steubenville is the center of a prof- 
 itable trade in all kinds of farming 
 products. The new County Court 
 House is the most prominent public 
 building. The scenery in the neigh- 
 borhood of the city is picturesG|ue. 
 Steubenville is a prominent landing- 
 place of the Ohio steamers, running 
 between Pittsburg, Pa. and Cairo, 
 Illinois. 
 
 TOLEDO, Ohio. 
 The fourth largest city of Ohio, 
 on the Maumee River, three miles 
 from a large bay and six miles from 
 Lake Erie, at the south-west comer, 
 an important lake port, rapidly 
 increasmg in population. Toledo had 
 in 1850 only 3820 inhabitants, but 
 now about 100,000. It has large 
 locomotive and car factories, iron 
 works, bicycle plants, flour mills, 
 furniture factories, breweries and 
 other industrial establishments, pro- 
 ducing yearly goods to the value of 
 18,000,000 to 20,000,000; an impor- 
 tant shipping point for grain and 
 lumber. Pipe lines conduct natural 
 gas into the city for manufacturing 
 and other purposes. The population 
 enjoys the benefits of a very large 
 PubUc Library of 85,000 volumes.. 
 
The Toledo Club House, the Soldiers' 
 Monument wl^ 'Ca&ProduceExchange 
 are the most remarkable public 
 buildings. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd ; 
 Wm. Gates, 40B Madison St., Toledo 
 Ohio. 
 
 C. R. Fischer, 102 Summit St., 
 Toledo Ohio. 
 
 UNION, Ohio. 
 An important railroad center, 56 
 miles south-west of Bellefontaine, 
 cut by the boundary line of Indiana 
 and Ohio; the vUlage being divided 
 between these two states. 
 
 URBANA, Ohio. 
 
 A flourishing commercial and 
 manufacturing city of 6500 inhab- 
 itants, the Capital of Champaign 
 County, 45 miles north-west of 
 Columbus. The most important 
 manufacturing concern is the U. S. 
 Rolling Stock Co. The Urbana 
 University is said to have been 
 erected by the Lutherans in 1851, 
 but is also a Swedenborgian College. 
 In Monument Square is a nice 
 Soldier's Monument. The High 
 School of Urbana has 400 pupils. 
 
 Railroads : Chicago, St. Louis & 
 Pittsburg; New York, Lake Erie & 
 Western. 
 
 WELLSVILLE, Ohio. 
 An important wood shipping point, 
 on the Ohio, 52 miles from Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. near the boundary line of 
 Pennsylvania. It has several manu- 
 factories, foundries and machine 
 
 shops. The steamers running be- 
 tween Pittsburg and Cairo touch 
 here. 
 
 XENIA, Ohio. 
 
 A busy city, at an important rail- 
 way junction, between Columbus and 
 Cincinnati, with 7301 inhabitants. 
 The center of the twine and paper 
 industries and the seat of some high 
 schools. In the vicinity is Wilber- 
 force University, erected ia 1856 
 by the Methodist Episcopalians, with 
 20 instructors and 334 students. 
 There are also; the Presbyterian 
 Theological Seminary and the Ohio 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans 
 Home, with 700 inmates. 
 
 Railroads: Dayton, Fort Wayne 
 & Chicago; Pittsburg, Cincinnati & 
 St. Louis. 
 
 ZANESVILLE, Ohio. 
 
 A very nice trading and manufac- 
 turing city, of 21,000 inhabitants, on 
 the Muskingum River, at its conflu- 
 ence with the Licking River. The 
 country around the city being fertile, 
 is a source of a profitable trade in 
 com, wine and other agricultural 
 products, although the water power, 
 furnished by the rivers, the bitu- 
 minous coal, iron ore, limestone and 
 clays, in the adjacent region, are 
 still more important for its devel- 
 opment. Several public buildings of 
 Zanesville are remarkable, especially 
 the Zanesville Athenaetim containing 
 a public library of 310,000 volumes. 
 There are water works, electric cars, 
 six railway bridges and steamers, 
 running up the Muskingum River to 
 Dresden, Ohio, a German settlement, 
 17 miles above ZanesviUe. 
 
 Zanesville was founded in 1799 by 
 Ebenezer Zane of Wheeling and was 
 from 1810 to 1835, the seat of the 
 state government. 
 
OKLAHOMA. 
 
 On April 22, 1889, President 
 Harrison's proclamation opened this 
 great tract of land for settlement. 
 
 At Guthrie a town was staked out 
 covering over 1,200 acres, and ten 
 thousand people slept upon the 
 ground on the first night. 
 
 On September 22, 1891, the lands 
 bought from the Iowa, Sac, Fox and 
 Pottawatomie Indians came into 
 market, and there was another wild 
 rush for lands, but, owing to better 
 governmental regulations, the mad 
 scenes which attended the opening 
 of Oklahoma were not repeated. 
 
 Oklahoma, which includes Beaver 
 county, heretofore known as "No 
 Man's Land," was opened to set- 
 tlement April 22, 1889. Then it was 
 a wide, unorganized, unsettled coun- 
 try. To-day we describe it as con- 
 taming Payne, Logan, Oklahoma, 
 Cleveland, part of Canadian, and part 
 of Kingfisher cmmties. The Sac and 
 Fox resei"vation are now known as A 
 and Becounties. In April, 1892, the 
 Cheyenne and Arrapahoe lands were 
 thrown open, and now constitute 
 C, D, E, F, G, and H counties. 
 These settlers were in such mortal 
 haste to settle, organize and get to 
 work, that that they couldn't waste 
 time in selecting names for their new 
 counties. 
 
 Oklahoma is well watered by rivers 
 and creeks. The principal streams 
 are the Cimarron river, the North 
 Fork of the Canadian and the 
 CcUiadian river proper. Spring water 
 is found in nearly every part of this 
 
 vast ^domain, and a good supply of 
 well water can be obtained at a 
 depth of from twenty to fifty feet. 
 
 The land occupied by the Kiowa, 
 Comanche and Apache Indians, in 
 the southwestern portion of the 
 Territory, between the main branch 
 of the Canadian river and the Red 
 river, is for the most part, moun- 
 tainous, rugged, broken and somewhat 
 rocky, and fit only, the greater part 
 of it, for grazing purposes. 
 
 The Vegetation of the Territory 
 is very much like that of northern 
 Texas and the State of Kansas. 
 
 The climate is enjoyable in the 
 extreme. Situated in the most 
 favorable latitude, the sunimers are 
 long and warm, while winter is but 
 a dividing line between fall and 
 spring. In the coldest part of the 
 season the thermometer has never 
 been known to go below twenty or 
 thirty degrees in central or southern 
 parts, and the average or mean 
 temperature is stated to be fifty-five 
 to sixty degrees. In the northwest 
 and the Neutral Strip the temperature 
 is about five degrees lower, owing 
 to the proximity to the perpetual 
 snows of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Four great railway lines in opera- 
 tion and affording facilities for travel 
 and transportation of products to 
 all the great markets of the United 
 States and Mexico. The Santa Fe 
 system traverses the Territory from 
 north to south. The Rock Isl^md 
 system, further west, also extends 
 from the northern to the southern 
 
 358 
 
limits of the Territory. The Frisco 
 line from St. Louis is completed to 
 Sapulpa. The Choctaw road connects 
 with both the Atchison, Topeka & 
 Santa Fe and the Rock Island; also 
 with the system of roads at Fort 
 Smith, Arkansas, for the Mississippi 
 Valley, and crossing the Missouri, 
 Kansas & Texas system. 
 
 THE CHEROKEE STRIP. 
 This part of the Territory embraces 
 all the land lying north of Oklahoma 
 and south of Kansas, bounded on the 
 east by the Arkansas liver, and west 
 by Texas and No Man's Land, now 
 known as Beaver county, Oklahoma. 
 
 It is 57^/a miles wide from north 
 to south, and a little over 175 miles 
 long from east to west, and contains 
 about 8,000,000 acres, about one- 
 third of which is fine agricultural 
 land, one-third indifferent, and the 
 remaining third fit for nothing but 
 grazing. The principal streams of 
 water in the strip are the North 
 Canadian river, Cimarron river. Salt 
 Fork of the Arkansas river Shakaskia, 
 Red Rock, Deep Creek, Bear Creek, 
 Pond Creek and many lessers streams 
 fiowing into these. The strip is 
 fairly well watered. 
 
 359 
 
OREGON. 
 
 Oregon resembles Washington in 
 its chief peculiarities of surface, soil, 
 and climate. Like Washington it is 
 divided into two distinct climatic 
 belts by the Cascade Mountains. 
 Western Oregon contains the extens- 
 ive and beautiful Willamette Valley, 
 one of the most productive valleys 
 on the globe. It is well settled with 
 farmers, stock- raisers, and fruit- 
 growers, and supports a number of 
 towTis and cities, the most important 
 of which is Portland, with 90,000 
 inhabitants. The area of land in the 
 State is 94,560 square miles, or 
 60-518,400 acres. Its present pop- 
 ulation is about 375,000. The Cascade 
 Mountains, and also the Coast Range, 
 which separate the Willamette Valley 
 from the Pacific seabord, are heavily 
 timbered. In Southern Oregon are 
 the valleys of the Umpqua and the 
 Rogue rivers, which are excellent 
 for fruit culture. Eastern Oregon is 
 mostly to arid for farming and is 
 chiefly valuable for sheep and cattle, 
 but this section contains a portion 
 of the same rich wheat belt which 
 extends through Eastern Washington 
 from Spokane to Walla Walla. In 
 Oregon this wheat belt lies between 
 the Blue Mountains and the Colum- 
 bia River, and embraces most of the 
 county of Umatilla. There are also 
 two large valleys in Eastern Oregon, 
 known as the Grande Ronde and the 
 Wallowa, where faming is successfully 
 carried on without irrigation. The 
 chief export products of the State 
 are wheat, wool, lumber, and salmon. 
 
 Oregon is a word derived from 
 the Spanish and means "wild thyme," 
 
 the earl)' explorers finding that herb 
 growing there in great profusion. 
 So far as we have any record Oregon 
 seems to have been first visited by 
 white men in 1775; Captain Cook 
 coasted dowTi its shores in 1778. 
 Captain Gray, commanding the ship 
 "Columbia", of Boston Mass., discov- 
 ered the noble river in 1791, which 
 he named after his ship. Astoria 
 was founded in 1811; immigration 
 was in full tide in 1839; Territorial 
 organization was effected in 1848, 
 and Oregon became a State on 
 February 14, 1859. 
 
 AIRLIE, Ore. 
 So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
 Is the southern tei^minus of the 
 West Side. 
 
 ALBANY. Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. On 
 the Willamette River, has 6,000 
 inhabitants, and is the county seat 
 of lAnn county. Has excellent water 
 power by means of the "Albanj'- & 
 Santiam Canal," fifteen miles long, 
 brought from the Santiam River, a 
 pure mountain stream, which also 
 furnishes supply for the water- 
 works; six hotels, two private banks, 
 one national bank, two daily and two 
 weekly newspapers, four school 
 buildings, eight churches, and Albany 
 College (Presbyterian). Of manufac- 
 tories there are: one agricultural 
 implement factory, two foundries and 
 machine shops, one saw mill, two 
 planing mills, one wire-cloth factory, 
 one chair factory, two furniture 
 factories, three wagon factorie; 
 
 360 
 
 1 
 
three large flouring mills, capacity 
 from 150 to 400 barrels each per 
 , day, besides a number of smaller 
 factories of varit)us kinds, all run 
 by water-power. Products: wheat, 
 oats, barley, rye, all kinds of fiuit 
 (except peaches) in abundance and 
 of fine quality. Shipment: flour, 
 grain, fruit, etc. 
 
 ASHLAND, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 3,000, between San Francisco 
 and Portland on Southern Pacific 
 R. R. Noted for the excellence of 
 its public schools. Has new State 
 Normal School, 150 pupils from all 
 parts of Oregon. Daily stage and 
 mail line to Klamath Falls. Is the 
 starting point for tourists to Crater 
 Lake, Pelican Bay, Lake of the 
 Woods, Klamath Lakes, Pilot Rock, 
 and other points, embracing a 
 wonderful variety of Alpine attrac- 
 tions. Its magnificent sulphur baths, 
 vapor baths, soda springs, and other 
 mineral waters, constitute a wonder 
 and a joy to visitors. It is also 
 noted for the excellence and variety 
 of its fruit and flowers. It has a 
 water system supplying the purest 
 of water directly from perennial 
 snow to every house, and supplying 
 power to its foundry and machine 
 shop, electric-light plant, flouring 
 mills, planing mills, woolen factory, 
 quartz mill, newspaper offices and 
 stores, and that irrigation which 
 makes the little city so attractive. 
 It is the headquarters of the S. O. 
 Chautauqua Association. It has one 
 of the finest hotels between Portland 
 and Sacramento, and an opera house, 
 to seat 800 people. 
 
 ASTORIA, Ore. 
 County seat of Clatsop county 
 situated where thet Youngs River 
 joins the Columbia, including Upper 
 and Lower Astoria and the Chinese, 
 has a population of 7,400. A system 
 of water works brings water from 
 Bear River, eleven miles distant, at 
 an elevation of 430 feet. Over 
 $ 200,000, was recently expended in 
 perfecting the water supply. Also 
 has gas works, three large and several 
 small hotels, three saw mills, electric- 
 light system, three banks, two public 
 
 halls, 100 stores, two daily and 
 three weekly newspapers, four school 
 buildings and six churches. Salmon 
 fishing and canning is the principal 
 business enterprise, represented by 
 twenty-four canneries, with a total 
 capacity of 400,000 cases for the 
 season from April 1st to August 1st. 
 There are also one brewer^, one 
 tannery, three saw miUs, two plan- 
 ing mills, two box factoi^ies, two 
 foundries and one ship building 
 plant. The surrounding country is 
 densely covered with hemlock, fir. 
 Oregon pine, and spruce. The soil 
 cleared of the timber is good. 
 Logging is also carried on exten- 
 sively on all sides within twenty 
 miles, about 400,000 feet per day 
 being driven in the vicinity. Ship- 
 ments: salmon, 500,000 cases to 
 Liverpool, San Francisco, and points 
 east. Game: in the hills, elks, bear, 
 deer. Trouting in the small streams ; 
 and in the Columbia River are 
 salmon, tomcod, and large salmon 
 trout. Fort Stevens is located at 
 the south side of enti'ance to the 
 Columbia, six miles below Astoria, 
 and Fort Canby, similarly situated 
 on the north side of the Columbia, 
 twelve miles below Astoria, both 
 reached by daily steamer. 
 
 ATHENA, Ore. 
 N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
 River Ry. Population 1,000, is 
 situated on the edge of the Umatilla 
 Reservation and in the center of a 
 tine wheat growing belt. It has 
 twenty stores, two hotels, a flouring 
 mill, two newspapers, two public 
 halls, three churches, a school, one 
 chop mill, one planing mill, etc. 
 Products: wheat, oats, barley, etc. 
 Fine stock range in the Blue Moun- 
 tains near by. 
 
 AURORA, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 250, is on Pudding River, and 
 has one hotel one flouring mill, one 
 saw mill, livery stable, three stores, 
 small shops, one school and one 
 church. 
 
 BAKER CITY, Ore. 
 O. R. & N. System. Is the county 
 seat of Baker county, and has a 
 
 361 
 
population of 3,500, five hotels, three 
 banks, one public hall, twenty-eight 
 stores four newspapers, four schools, 
 and five churches. Products: wheat, 
 oats, barley, etc. Wool and hides 
 the principal shipments. Game : deer, 
 elk, sheep, and fowl. The Powder 
 River Valley contains rich ores of 
 gold, silv-er, and copper, besides 
 extensive placers. It is one of the 
 greatest grazing regions of the 
 Pacific Northwest. 
 
 BENVERTON, Ore. 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 Population 400, has four stores, a 
 graded school, flouring mill, carriage 
 shop, and three churches. The hund- 
 reds of acres of the celebrated Beaver 
 Dam lands at this point are devoted 
 exclusively to the cultivation of 
 vegetables for the Portland market. 
 
 BROWNSVILLE, Ore. 
 So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
 Population 750, is situated on both 
 sides of the Calapoola River, having 
 excellent water power. It has a 
 woolen mill, manufacturing $ 300,000 
 worth of goods per year, one flour- 
 ing mill, one planing mill, one 
 tannery, a saw mill, sash and door 
 factory, two hotels, a city hall, 
 thirteen stores, two schools and 
 seven churches. Products: grain, 
 hops, stock and wool. Shipments: 
 grain, hops, woolen goods. Large 
 and small game and fish. 
 
 CANBY, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. With 
 a population of 100, is surrounded 
 by a thickly settled timbered country. 
 It has one hotel, three stores, three 
 saw mills, one school house, and is 
 the location of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Camp Grounds, with forty 
 acres and large buildings, where 
 meetings are held annually. 
 
 CENTRAL POINT, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. In the 
 Rogue Valley, population 950, has 
 twelve stores, two hotels, a sash and 
 door factory, public school, church, 
 opera house, etc. The Southern 
 Oregon District Fair Grounds are 
 located one-half mile west of town. 
 Shipments: grains, fruit, and cattle, 
 
 Game: quail, grouse, pheasants, etc. 
 Fish: salmon and trout. 
 
 COBURG, Ore. 
 So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
 Is the southern terminus of the East 
 Side. 
 
 CORVALLIS, Ore. 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 On the Willamette River, has 2,500 
 inhabitants, five hotels, two banks, 
 one hall, twenty-five stores, three 
 newspapers, seven churches, three 
 school buildings and the State Agri- 
 cultural College, carriage and wagon 
 factory, two flouring mills, two sash 
 and door factories, and electric lights. 
 The surrounding country is rolling 
 prairie, well watered, producing 
 wheat, oats, barley, rye, hops, flax, 
 corn and vegetables, fruit, apples, 
 grapes, etc. Shipments: wheat, oats, 
 butter, green hides. Deer, bear, and 
 elk are found in the Coast Range 
 mountains, thirty miles west; grouse, 
 pleasants, ducks, geese, quail, in the 
 valleys; trout in the streams. The 
 Oregon Pacific R. R. between Cor- 
 vallis and Albany connects the east 
 and west side lines of the Southern 
 Pacific Co. 
 
 COTTAGE GROVE, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 750, has two flouring mills, two 
 s^w mills, two planing mills, shingle 
 and sash and door factory, a graded 
 school, thirteen stores, churches, 
 newspaper etc. Surrounded by 
 agricultural and stock raising country ^- 
 and rich mining. The coast fork of 
 the Willamette river furnishes good 
 water power. 
 
 CRESWELL, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 500, has three stores, school, 
 hotel, church a public hall, and one 
 flouring mill. Surrounded by a good 
 farming country. Products: all kinds 
 of grain, fruits and vegetables. 
 Shipments: wheat, oats, hops, wool 
 and live-stock. Game: deer, geese, 
 ducks, quail, etc. 
 
 DALLAS, Ore. 
 So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
 The county seat of Polk county, is 
 
 362 
 
situated on a level plain on the 
 banks of the La Creole River, with 
 good water power, and is in the 
 center of a fine agricultural district. 
 The town has 1,000 inhabitants, 
 thirteen stores, one bank, three halls, 
 two newspapers, two school build- 
 ings, the La Creole Academy, one 
 foundry, machine shop, three hotels, 
 one planing mill, one grist mill, sash 
 and door factory and three churches. 
 Products are wheat, oats, etc. Large 
 and small game and fish. 
 
 DILLEY, Ore. 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 Population 500, within a radius of 
 two miles, is located near the Tua- 
 latin River, at its junction with 
 Gale's Creek, and near the outlet of 
 Wapato Lake, with good water power 
 running two flouring mills and one 
 saw mill. Has two general stores 
 and one school. 
 
 DRAIN, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 400, is located at the junction 
 of Pass and Elk Creeks, both 
 furnishing water power. Has two 
 steam saw mills, one flouring mill, 
 two hotels, one public hall and one 
 masonic hall, two stores, an academy 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and one church. Surrounding country 
 mountainous, covered with forests 
 of fir, cedar, oak, etc., and fertile 
 valleys producing wheat, oats, rye 
 and corn. Fruit: apples, pears, 
 
 ECHO, Ore. 
 O. R. &N. System. Population 150, 
 on the Umatilla River, has two 
 hotels, one church, two halls, eight 
 stores and one school. Surrounded 
 by a rolling farming land, producing 
 wheat, barley, etc. 
 
 ELLENSBURG, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. 50 miles 
 west of Grant's Pass, on Rogue 
 River near its mouth at the Pacific 
 Ocean, population 200, has two 
 hotels, one salmon cannery, two saw 
 mills. Products: wool and fish. Ship- 
 ments: principally salmon in cases. 
 
 EUGENE, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. The 
 
 county seat of Lane County, is on 
 the Willamette River, 123 miles south 
 of Portland, and has 5,000 inhabitants, 
 good water power, fire protection, 
 first-class volunteer fire department, 
 good electric system, one furniture 
 factory, one foundry and machine 
 shop, one saw mill, three lumber 
 yards, two planing mills, one sash 
 and door factory, four wagon shops, 
 one large flouring mill and grain 
 elevator, one hammerless gun factory, 
 one knife and cutlery factory, one 
 cannery, one tannery, one soap 
 factory, one ice factory, one creamery, 
 one axe handle factory, three hotels, 
 three banks, three halls, one opera 
 house, seventy-five stores, three 
 newspapers (one daily), two public 
 school buildings, and nine churches. 
 The State University, the leading 
 educational institution of the State, 
 is located here. The lands surround- 
 ing are fertile in the valley, which 
 is fifteen miles wide at Eugene and 
 widens to the north. Products: all 
 kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruit, 
 and stock. Shipments: wheat, wool, 
 hops, -fruit, cattle, aiid hogs. Game: 
 deer, bear, grouse, china pheasants, 
 geese, and ducks. Fish: trout. 
 
 FOREST GROVE, Ore. 
 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 Population 1,000, is surrounded by 
 a fine agricultural country. This is 
 the site of the Tualatin Academy 
 and Pacific University; also has one 
 public school, two hotels, eight stores, 
 one public hall, one newspaper, three 
 churches, one sash and door factory, 
 one flour mill, etc. Products: grain, 
 hay, live stock, fruit, etc. 
 
 GERVAlfS, Ore. 
 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 600, has three hotels, six stores, 
 three churches, one Catholic convent, 
 two saw mills and two flour mills. 
 Prairie country. Shipments: li'uit, 
 butter, small vegetables, etc. 
 
 GLENDALE, Ore. 
 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 200, has two hotels, one saw 
 mill, and five stores. Surrounded 
 by mountainous and heavily timbered 
 country ; lumber constituting principal 
 
 363 
 
shipment. Fort Klamath, 150 miles 
 east, is reached by stage. 
 
 GRANT'S PASS, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Has 
 3.500 inhabitants, and is county seat 
 of Josephine county. One of the 
 oldest mining regions in the State. 
 Has thirty-Hve stores, one bank, 
 shingle factoiy, two' sugar-pine door 
 and lumber factories, packing house, 
 good opera house, tine brick school 
 house, water works, electric lights, 
 five thousand-dollar city hall, two 
 newspapers, six churches. Situated 
 in midst of fine fruit district, and is 
 the largest shipping-point in the 
 State for melons of all kinds. Every 
 kind of game : mountain and salmon 
 trout abundant. 
 
 HALSEY, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 500, has one planing mill, one 
 hotel, nine stores, one school building, 
 three churches. Wheat, oats and 
 fruits are the principal products and 
 shipments, and small yield of barley, 
 flaxseed and hops. 
 
 HARRISBURG, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. On 
 the Willamette River, population 
 1,000, has good water power from 
 the Willamette River, one flouring 
 mill, one saw mill, one hotel, fourteen 
 stores, six grain warehouses, one 
 newspaper, one school, opera house, 
 two churches. Prairie land. Prod- 
 ucts: all kinds of grain and fruits, 
 apples, pears, etc. Shipments; grain 
 and general farm produce. 
 
 HEPPNER, Ore. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D, Population 800, 
 county seat of Morrow county, is 
 the terminus of the branch line 
 from Arlington. The town is well 
 supplied with various stores, schools, 
 churches, banks, hotels, etc. This 
 is the freight station for the towns 
 of Plardman, Hamilton, Long Creek, 
 and Canon City. Shipments: hides, 
 wool and stock. 
 
 HILLSBORO, Ore. 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 Near the Tualatin River, county seat 
 of Washington county, has 1,500 
 
 inhabitants, two hotels, one hall, 
 number of stores, two grist mills, 
 one oatmeal mill, sash and door factory 
 one creamery, one school and four 
 churches. Products: wheat, oats, etc. 
 
 HOOD RIVER, Ore. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. PopiUation 300, 
 is situated at the junction of the 
 Columbia and Hood rivers, and has 
 two hotels, three stores, one hall, 
 one school building, one shingle mill, 
 five saw mills, etc. A wagon road 
 runs to Mt. Hood, distant 25 miles. 
 Stages leave Hood River daily from 
 April 15th to October ist. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE, Ore. 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 On the Willamette River, has 900 
 inhabitants, two flouring mills, two 
 saw and planing mills, two sash and 
 door factories, one carriage factory, 
 two hotels, one public hall, fourteen 
 stores, one newspaper, two school 
 buildings and two churches. Sur- 
 rounding country is level prairie, 
 with occasional groves of fir, oak, 
 and maple; the soil rich and produc- 
 ing wheat, oats, barley, hops, corn, 
 vegetables, fruit, apples, pears, plums. 
 Shipments: grain, lumber, hops and 
 wool. Small game is plentiful, and 
 large game is found in the mountains. 
 Fish: salmon, trout, etc. 
 
 JEFFERSON, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. On the 
 Santiam River, population 550, has 
 good water power, running one hall 
 mill and one flouring mill; two gi^ain 
 elevators, one hotel, four stores, one 
 school building and two churches. 
 Wheat and oats the principal 
 shipments. 
 
 JUNCTION CITY, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 1,000, located in a rich and 
 beautiful valley about 20 miles wide, 
 has two hotels, eight stores, two 
 schools, fine opera house, three 
 churches and two large gi^ain wai-e- 
 houses. This is the junction point 
 with the Oregon & Pacific R. R. 
 from Coi"vallis which connects the 
 east and west side lines of the 
 Southern Pacific Co. Is supplied 
 with fine water powex% 
 
 364 
 
LA GRANDE, Ore. 
 O. R. & N. System. Population 
 1,000, situated in Union county, near 
 the southwest corner of the Grande 
 Ronde Valley, has seven general 
 stores, two drug stores, three hotels, 
 three blacksmith shops, two stove 
 and hardware stores, one brewery, 
 one furniture store, one livery stable, 
 etc. U-. S. Land Office is located 
 here. Products: grain and stock. 
 Game and fish abundant. 
 
 LEBANON, Ore. 
 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 600; on the Lebanon Branch, 
 with an excellent water power, 
 running one flouring mill, three saw 
 mills and one planing mill, has two 
 hotels, one bank, one hall, twelve 
 stores, two schools, the Santiam 
 Academy being located here;' two 
 harness shops and three churches. 
 Surrounded by fine farming lands, 
 producing wheat, oats, hops, flaxseed, 
 potatoes, etc. Game of all kinds. 
 
 LINNTON, Ore. 
 
 Population 1,000, situated on the 
 bank of the Willamette River, near 
 the mouth of the Columbia River. 
 Has three stores, one hall, saw mill, 
 and school. Gold and silver smelter, 
 employs 150 people. Saw miU, box 
 factory. River steamers touch at 
 this place daUy. 
 
 MC MINNVILLE, Ore. 
 Oregon & California Railroad. 
 Population 2,500, county seat of 
 Yamhill County, is located on the 
 left bank of the south fork of the 
 Yamhill River. It has a sash and 
 door factory, cigar factory, four 
 hotels, two banks, twenty stores, two 
 flour mills, two livery stables, a 
 public school, an opera house, six 
 churches, two newspapers, a college, 
 electric light and water works. 
 Products and shipments: grain, fruit, 
 vegetables. Game: deer, elk. wild 
 fowl. 
 
 MEDFORD, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 2,500, situated in the center of 
 Rogue River Valley, has twelve 
 stores, one quartz mill, two hotels. 
 
 six churches, water works, electric 
 light plant, flouring mill, saw mills, 
 large public school, brewery, packing 
 house, and two large livery stables 
 where tourists can procure either 
 saddle horses or hacks to visit 
 Crater Lake and Table Mountains. 
 Surrounding Medford are large 
 vineyards and peach orchards, from 
 the products of which are manufac- 
 tured a very superior article of 
 wines and brapdies. Over 150 car 
 loads of fruit shipped during past 
 season. Neighboring coal and gold 
 mines are bemg developed. ' A line 
 of railroad runs to Jacksonville, a 
 town of 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
 MILTON, Ore. 
 O. R. & N. System. Population 
 900, on the Walla Walla River, 
 has two flouring mills, two planing 
 and one chop and box mill, fourteen 
 stores, two hotels, three churches, 
 a public school, the Milton Academy, 
 etc. Surrounded by a rich agricul- 
 tural country, 
 
 . MILWAUKIE, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. On 
 the Willamette River, population 300, 
 has a good water power, one flouring 
 mill, one hotel one hall, three stores, 
 one school house, three churches, 
 etc. Products: grain, fruit, veg- 
 etables, etc. Small game: salmon 
 and trout. 
 
 OAKLAND, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Has 
 350 inhabitants, one flouring mill, 
 two hotels, three halls, eight stores, 
 one school, three churches, five 
 grain warehouses, a foundry, etc. 
 Products: wheat, oats, barley, veg- 
 etables, blackberries. One unde- 
 veloped cement mine, five miles north. 
 Shipments: quicksilver-, grain. 
 
 OREGON CITY, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. On 
 the Willamette River, population 
 5,000, county seat of Clackamas 
 county, has electric lights, a good 
 water power, five hotels, two banks, 
 three public halls, forty-five stores, 
 two newspapers, a U. S. Land Office, 
 one school building, five churches, 
 three flouring mflls, two paper 
 
 365 
 
mills, one woolen mill, one saw mill, 
 sash and door factory, one soap 
 factory, one box factory, and one 
 cigar factory. Products: wheat, oats, 
 barley, hay, hops, vegetables and fruit. 
 
 PENDLETON, Ore. On the Umatilla 
 River, county seat of Umatilla count)% 
 is a growing town with a present 
 population of 4,000. The town has 
 three hotels, three banks, seventy- 
 five mercantile houses, two news- 
 papers, two opera houses, school 
 buildings, six churches, and a fine 
 water-works and electric light com- 
 pany. Products, wheat, stock, wool, 
 barlej% rye, oats, vegetables, fruit, 
 etc. Game : elk, deer, prairie chickens, 
 ducks, pheasants. Fish: salmon and 
 mountain trout. 
 
 PORTLAND, Ore. 
 
 Portland N. P. R. L. S. D. is the 
 metropolis of the Pacific Northwest. 
 It is situated on the Willamette 
 River, twelve miles from its con- 
 fluence with the Columbia, and one 
 hundred and ten miles from the 
 Pacific Ocean. Latitude forty-five 
 degrees, thirty minutes north; long- 
 itude one hundred and twenty-two 
 degrees, twenty-seven minutes, thirty 
 seconds west. It has natural advant- 
 ages as to locality and climate, which, 
 combined with the enterprise of its 
 citizens, has effected an enormous 
 growth. It has a population of 
 90,785, showing a very rapid increase 
 in the last five years, during which 
 time capital has been invested and 
 encouraged, and its manufacturing 
 products have constantly increased. 
 
 There. has recently been constructed 
 from Portland to the sea a deep 
 chcumel, a distance of one hundred 
 and twelve miles. This channel is 
 twenty-five feet deep, and was con- 
 structed at the expense of the citizens 
 of Portland. 
 
 The deep sea commerce of this 
 port for 1895 was, foreign and coast- 
 wise, $ 7,362,966, which, of course, 
 is exclusive of merchandise and 
 produce shipped from the city east- 
 ward during the year, which amount- 
 ed to a little over $ 3,000,000. The 
 registered tonnage in and out of the 
 Columbia River about 750 vessels, 
 725,000 tonnage. 
 
 A contract has recently been signed, 
 making the Oriental Steamship line 
 between Portland and China and 
 Japan permanent, so there are now 
 five steamship lines, thus opening 
 up a medium by which Portland can 
 export to the Oriental countries flour 
 and mill products, lumber, fruits, 
 vegetables meat and horses ; and im- 
 port teas, curios, matting, silks, 
 matchwood, rice, wall paper, etc 
 
 To give details of Portland's trade 
 is impracticable. In the wholesale 
 and jobbing trade almost all branches 
 are represented. There are twenty- 
 eight mercantile houses. Her clear- 
 ings are about $ 60,000,000 p. a. 
 
 Portland has been supplied by 
 nature with advantages that will 
 make her a great manufacturing city. 
 
 She has cheap fuel and abundance 
 of raw material, such as iron, wood, 
 lime, cement, and many others, in 
 addition to the advantages offered 
 to the manufacturer in the facilities 
 which the complete system of trans- 
 portation affords for collecting the 
 raw material and distributing the 
 manufactured product, not alone in 
 all parts of the United States, but 
 the world, and she is the center of 
 the wool trade of the Pacific North- 
 west; but one of her greatest ad- 
 vantages is the abundance and cheap- 
 ness of the water power afforded by 
 the falls of the Willamette River, 
 This power, 150,000 horse, never 
 freezes, is ready for use day and 
 night, winter and summer; is easily 
 used and surrounded by solid rock, 
 offering the most permanent foun- 
 dation possible for the many mills. 
 It is now becoming generally known 
 that Portland has the greatest water 
 power in the United States with the 
 exception of Niagara Falls. The im- 
 mense electrical plant recently con- 
 structed at the falls of the Willamette, 
 by which an energy of 20,000 horse- 
 power is trfinsmitted by wire to 
 Portland for the purpose of furnish- 
 ing electrical power for manufactur- 
 ing purposes, leaving about 125,000 
 yet to be utilized from the same 
 source, and the Cascades of the 
 Columbia, but thirty miles away, 
 which can be made to fui'nish double 
 the amount of that of the Willamette, 
 give some conception of Portland's 
 
 366 
 
possibilities in the line of manu- 
 facture. 
 
 As to internal improvements, Port- 
 land is making its streets first class. 
 The city is well lighted, and the 
 finest water in the world is con- 
 ■ ducted thirty miles to the city from 
 a stream having its source among 
 the eternal snows of Mount Hood. 
 The beautiful Willamette River flows 
 through the city, spanned by many 
 bridges and bearing upon its bosom 
 ships carrying flags of all nations. 
 The city supports plublic schools 
 and a fire department. 
 
 The city is well provided with 
 street-car facilities, having 123 miles 
 of lines. 
 
 The buildings of Portland would 
 do credit to any city. The "Hotel 
 Portland", covermg an entire block, 
 and the "Imperial", are well managed 
 and first class in every particular. 
 Some massive business houses have 
 recently been built, and mention 
 should be made of the Chamber of 
 Commerce, City Hall, Union Depot,, 
 the churches, hotels, post - office 
 building, and other public edifices, 
 as well as private residences. 
 
 Lying in the heart of a great pro- 
 ducing country, for which it must 
 serve as a receiver and distributer; 
 having such vast wealth at its com- 
 mand; possessing railroad andw;ater- 
 connections with all markets; an air 
 of substantial prosperity pervading 
 the place, the permanent advance- 
 ment of Portland is guaranteed. 
 
 Agents of The North German Lloyd: 
 
 F. B. Kirkland, Agt. South Pac, 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 C. F. P/lueger, Portland, Ore. 
 
 V. A. Schilling, Ticket Agt. O. R. 
 & N.. Co., Portland, Ore. 
 
 B. W. Greer, Agt. Can. Pac, 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 A. D. Charlton, Ass. Genl. Pass. 
 Agt. N. Pac, Portland, Ore. 
 
 E. S. Van Kuran, Agt. Union 
 Pac, 135 W. Brd Street, Portland, 
 Ore. 
 
 ROSEBURG, Ore. 
 
 Oregon & California R. R. County 
 
 seat of Douglas county, population 
 
 3,000, is located on the South 
 
 Umpqua River, which furnishes 
 
 excellent water power, running two 
 large flouring mills, and one woolen 
 mill. Has four hotels, two banks, 
 one hall, eleven general and various 
 smaller stores, three newspapers, a 
 U. S. Land Office, one school, eight 
 churches. The surrounding country 
 is hilly, with fertile valleys. Prod- 
 ucts: principally wheat and fruit, 
 with some corn and other grains. 
 Stock-raising is an important itena. 
 A railroad is now under construction 
 to Marshfield, an important point on 
 Coos Bay. Wheat, fruit, stock, 
 wool, and hides form the chief ship- 
 ments, which are very large. Game: 
 deer and elk. Fish : salmon and trout. 
 
 SALEM, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
 tion 13,000, the State capital and 
 county seat of Marion county, is 
 beautifully located on the Willamette 
 River, with as fine a water power 
 as there is in the State. The State 
 prison, insane asylum, reform school, 
 orphans' home, blind school and 
 deaf mute institute are located here. 
 Has two first-class hotels, one 
 National and one private bank. 
 Reed's Opera House, more than 
 fifty mercantile establishments, three 
 newspapers, six public school 
 buildings, the Willamette University 
 and Women's College, Sisters' school, 
 Quaker Institute and Business 
 College, fifteen to twenty churches, 
 two flouring mills and one grist 
 mill. Surrounded by fine agricultural 
 country, producing wheat, oats, 
 barley, hay, rye, corn, potatoes, aud 
 all kinds of vegetables and fruits. 
 Flour is the principal shipment. 
 Fish: salmon and trout. Game: 
 
 SHERIDAN, Ore.| 
 So. Pac. Co. Oi^egonarian Div. 
 Population 800, has twelve stores, 
 bank, three halls, newspaper, school, 
 two hotels, three churches and flour- 
 ing mill. Products: wheat, oats, 
 barley, hops, etc. 
 
 SILVERTON, Ore. 
 So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div, 
 Population 400, is on Silver Creek, 
 and has an excellent water power. 
 It has one hotel, two halls, one bank, 
 eight stores, one sash and door 
 
 367 
 
factory, one newspaper, one graded 
 school, one church, four saw mills 
 and two flour mills. Products: cedar 
 and fir lumber and small grains; 
 large and small game and fish. 
 
 THE DALLES, Ore. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 5,000, 
 county seat of Wasco County, is 
 situated on the Columbia River, and 
 has two wagon manufactories, one 
 wire mattress factory, one foundry, 
 brick yards, a fine system of water 
 works and well-equipped fire depart- 
 ment; eight hotels, three banks, four 
 public halls, one opera house, sixty 
 stores, three large forwarding and 
 commission houses, one daily and 
 two weekly newspapers, a U. S. Land 
 Office, four school buildings and five 
 churches. Products: grain, hops, 
 stock, wool, etc. Shipments large, 
 of wool, hops, sheep, and hogs. 
 
 TURNER, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. On 
 Mill Creek, is the western terminus, 
 or starting point, of the Mt. Jefferson 
 (or North Santiam) road, leading 
 through, the Minto Pass to Eastern 
 Oregon. Has 350 inhabitants, one 
 hotel, five stores, one school, Masonic 
 hall, one Baptist church. Christian 
 Church Tabernacle, seating capacity, 
 2,500, camp-meeting grounds of the 
 Christian denomination, two saw 
 mills, two flouring mills with capacity 
 of 250 barrels per day and a wheat- 
 storing capacity of 100,000 bushels. 
 Products : , wheat, oats hay, hops. 
 
 UMATILLA JUNCTION, Ore. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150, 
 is on the Columbia and Umatilla 
 river. It has three hotels, one store 
 and one school building. Products: 
 
 wheat and vegetables. Game : ducks, 
 grouse, etc. Fish: salmon. 
 
 UNION, Ore. 
 O. R. & N. System. Is located on 
 a small stream called Catherine Creek. 
 It is the county seat of Union county, 
 and has 800 inhabitants, two hotels, 
 one bank one hall, seven stores, one 
 school building, and three churches. 
 Products: grain and stock. 
 
 VANSYCLE, Ore. 
 N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
 River Ry. Is a shipping point of 
 considerable note for wheat and 
 live stock. Surrounded by fine 
 wheat country. Good Government 
 lands yet to be foimd within eight 
 miles of station. 
 
 WESTON, Ore. 
 
 O. R. & N. System. On Pine Creek, 
 five miles from Blue Montain Station, 
 has 800 inhabitants, one hotel, news- 
 paper, stores, school, and two 
 churches, 
 barley. 
 
 WHITE'S, Ore. 
 
 Oregon & California Railroatl. 
 Is the junction of the S. P. Co., 
 west side, with the O, R. Co. (Lim- 
 ited), naiTow gauge, west side. 
 
 WOODBURN, Ore. 
 Oregon & California R. R. At the 
 junction of the S. P. Co., east side, 
 with the Oregonian R. R., east side, 
 has a population of 500, one hotel, 
 one fruit and vegetable cannery, two 
 halls, five stores, a foundry, nursery, 
 one bank, electric-light and water- 
 works plants, a school, and two 
 churches. Products and shipments: 
 small grains, nurseiy products, etc. 
 
 Products: wheat, oats. 
 
 308 
 
PEKNSYLYAHIA. 
 
 The name, Pennsylvania, means 
 the Sylvan places (or Woodlands) 
 of Penn, and was given by King- 
 Charles II. of England. The Penn 
 so commemorated was not the Wil- 
 liam Penn who founded the com- 
 monwealth, but his father, Admiral 
 Penn, whom the King greatly esteem- 
 ed. The name of "The Keystone 
 State" arises from the fact that the 
 final vote of her delegation secured 
 the adoption of the Declaration of 
 Independence . in the Continental 
 Congress, thus crowning Pennsyl- 
 vania as the Keystone of the arch 
 of Liberty. 
 
 ALLEGHENY, Pa. 
 North Side. 
 
 Essentially a residence district, 
 furnishing homes for thousands of 
 Pittsburg's toilers. The town of 
 Allegheny was laid out by the state 
 in 1788, in 1828 it was created a 
 borough, and in 1840 was incorpor- 
 ated as a city. 
 
 East End. 
 
 Is also a residence district. 
 Sottth Side. 
 
 Monongahela Valley, from Tenth 
 Street up, is the Birmingham of 
 America. Immense manufacturing 
 establishments of all kinds, iron 
 mills, rolling mills, nail mills, glass 
 works, etc., occupying every avail- 
 able foot of ground for miles, re- 
 presenting millions of capital in- 
 vested, and supporting the families 
 of many thousands of workingmen. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 Chas R. Weitershmisen, 212 Ohio 
 St., Allegheny City Pa. 
 
 ALLENTOWN, Pa. 
 
 A flom-ishing city of 25,000 inh., 
 looking from its embowered plateau 
 over the rich farming and mining 
 lands of the Lehigh valley. 93 mis. 
 from New York. One of the most 
 enterprising cities in Pennsylvania, 
 having within its boundaries exten- 
 sive blast-works, fuimaces, rolling- 
 mills, silk-mills, furniture -factories 
 and other industrial establishments. 
 
 Railroads : Central of New Jersey; 
 Lehigh Valley ; Philadelphia & Read- 
 ing. 
 
 ALTOONA, Pa. 
 
 At the base of the AUeghenies, at 
 the head of the Tuckahoe valley, 
 237 mis. from Philadelphia and 117 
 mis. from Pittsburg. The city was 
 laid out in 1850, it had in 1880, 
 30,337 inhabitants. Just beyond 
 Altooua the ascent of the AUeghenies 
 begins, and in the course of the 
 next 11 miles some of the finest 
 sceneiy and the greatest feats of 
 engineering of the entire line are 
 to be seen. Within this distance 
 the road mounts to the tvmnel at 
 the summit by so steep a grade 
 that while in the ascent double 
 power is required to move the train, 
 the entii-e 11 miles of descent are 
 run without steam, the speed of the 
 train being regulated by the "brakes". 
 
 3G9 
 
BEDFORD, PA. 
 A chief attraction at Bedford is 
 tlie mineral spring". Enthusiasts 
 declare, that no medicinal water in 
 the world is its equal. 
 . Bedford is easily and comfortably 
 reached by the main line of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad to Huntingdon, 
 thence by the ];iedford Division, 
 and is amply supplied with liver}' 
 accomodations. 
 
 BETPILEHEM AND SOUTH 
 BETHLEHEM, Pa. 
 With a combined ]iopulation of 
 .17,664 inh. the Lehio-h River, 56 mis. 
 from Philadelphia, is interesting as 
 the cliief.seat of tlie Moravians, or 
 United Brethren, who settled here 
 under Count Zinzendorf, in 1741. 
 The costl}^ and handsome buildings 
 of Lehigh University stand on a 
 terrace of South Mountain, afford- 
 ing a view of 20 miles. The 
 Bethlehem Ii'on Qompanys Works, 
 founded in 1857, occupy a domain 
 iViniile long and ^/, mjle wide, with 
 20 acres under cover and 3,500 
 nperativQS. 
 
 CARBONDALE, Pa. 
 j\ ilourishi g city of 10,833 inh., 
 17!) mis. from Philadelphia, situated 
 anu)iig the high ridges on the 
 Lackawanna River and Adelding enor- 
 mous quantities of anthracite coal. 
 
 CHAMBERSBUliG, Pa. 
 
 y\. lively city of 7,863 inh., pleas- 
 antly situated on Conecochcheague 
 Creek, 52 mis. from Harrisburg. 
 
 The surrounding country, which 
 forms part of the great limestone 
 valley at the southeast base of the 
 Blue Mountains, is populous and 
 highly cultivated. 
 
 Railroad: Western Maryland. 
 
 CHESTER, Pa. 
 'i"he famous sJiip-buildiitg city on 
 the Delaware 13Vc mis. from Phila- 
 delphia, with 20,226 inh. The oldest 
 settlement in Pennsylvania. It has 
 30 large ' cotton and woolen mills. 
 besides steel-works and boiler antl 
 engine shops. Here also many 
 steamships fen- tlie Ocean-lines and 
 
 3 
 
 powerful men-of-war have been built. 
 A large plant of the American 
 Wheel Company is operated at West 
 Chester. , 
 
 Railroad: Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 CRESCO, Pa. 
 A station on the line ot the 
 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
 Railroad among the Pocono Moun- 
 tains, 17 miles above the Delaware 
 Water Gap. Pleasant mountain 
 drives lead to Canandensis and 
 Mountain Hom.e Village, quiet 
 resorts two miles distant, made 
 beautiful in season b}^ profusion of 
 rhododendrons. Buck Hill and Spruce 
 Cabin Falls add to the beauty of the 
 mountain stream which trails through 
 the settlements of village, hotels and 
 farmhouses. The bracing dryness of 
 the atmosphere makes the locality 
 desirable for those affected with 
 respiratory diseases. 
 
 CRESS ON, Pa. 
 
 The most conspicuous point in the 
 mountains of Western Pennsylvania. 
 It is located on the crest of the 
 mountains, twenty-three hundred feet 
 above tide level, in an envhonmeut 
 which cannot be surpassed for 
 natural beauty. 
 
 At the foot of the lawm, reached 
 by a winding roadway, is the rail- 
 road station. Beyond lies a lands- 
 cape of rare beauty. 
 
 EAGLES MERE, Pa. 
 Eagles Mere, the "Lake of the 
 Eagles." This wonderful combina- 
 tion of Italy and Nevada, the beauties 
 of Como with the atmosphere of 
 Tahoe, is a beautiful sheet of purest 
 water, crowning a summit of the 
 AUeghenies two thousand two hun- 
 dred feet above the sea. 
 
 EASTON, Pa. 
 A wealthy manufacturing cit}',,, 
 nestling among the high hills, at thej 
 confluence of the Lehigh and Delar 
 ware rivers. It is a well built and 
 lively town, with a population of 
 14,481 and ■ extensive iron -works, 
 mills, distilleries etc. 
 
 70 
 
ERIE, Pa. 
 
 Its harbor is, indeed, one of the 
 best on Lake Erie, formed by; what 
 was once a long, narrow peninsula, 
 and is now an island. The bar at 
 the mouth has been dredged away 
 so as to afford a good channel; Erie 
 is a United States naval station. 
 Hither come vast fleets laden with 
 Michigan ii'on and Canadian lumber, 
 and carrjdng westward cargoes of 
 coal, making the population, of now 
 40,634, very prosperous. The Soldier's 
 and Sailor's Home, established in 
 1885, occupies the former Marine 
 Hospital and several new buildings. 
 Erie is the station and winter- 
 quarters of the U. S. Steamer 
 Michigan, one of the U. S. naval 
 vessels on the chain of Great Lakes. 
 Reached by the Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 H. C. Allen, 920 State St., Erie Pa. 
 
 F. Schlaudecker, 1118 State St., 
 Erie Pa. 
 
 FRIEDENSVILLE, Pa. 
 
 Near Allentown, noted for its 
 immense Zinc Mines, having the 
 largest stationary engine in the 
 world, called "The President", and 
 with its 16 boilers amounting to 
 5,000 horse-power. It has the 
 largest nut in the world, weighing 
 1,600 tons, and taking 20 men to 
 tighten it and a wrench 20 ft. long. 
 
 HARRISBURG, Pa. 
 
 The Capital of Pennsylvania, 105 
 mis. from Philadelphia pleasantly 
 situated on the east bank of the 
 Susquehanna, here 1 mile wide and 
 spanned by 4 bridges. It is hand- 
 somely built, and surrounded by 
 magnificent scenery. The State 
 Capitol, a dignified, comfortable and 
 rather quaint structure, dates from 
 1819—22. 
 
 Reached by the P. R. R.; Ph. & R. 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 /. D. Cameron, Ad. Ex. Co., 214 
 Briggs St., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 F. W. Liesmann, 534 Race St., 
 Harrisburg Pa. 
 
 R7 
 
 LANCASTER, Pa. 
 
 69 mis. from Philadelphia, in a re- 
 markably lich farming countr)r, called 
 "the Garden of America", near 
 Conestoga Creek. It is a quaint and 
 compact city, built mainly of brick, 
 and was for many years the largest 
 inland town of the United States. 
 The city has 32,011 inh. and con- 
 tains many handsome buildings. Lan- 
 caster is the seat of several re- 
 markable educational institutions. 
 
 Railroads: Pennsylvania R. R. 
 Philadelphia & Reading. 
 
 LAWRENCEVILLE. 
 Like the South Side, has a large 
 number of mills and work shops, 
 extending from Fourteenth street to 
 the Sharpsburg bridge. 
 
 MANCH CHUNK, Pa. 
 
 90 mis. from Philadelphia, in the 
 very heart of the Pennsylvania coal- 
 region and in the midst of some of 
 the wildest and most picturesque 
 scenery in America, a lively vUlage of 
 4,000 inh. on the Lehigh river, 
 very much frequented by travelers. 
 
 Railroads : Central of New Jersey ; 
 Lehigh Valley. 
 
 MOUNT POCONO, Pa. 
 
 Mount Pocono is located on the 
 summit of the range, and has become 
 a popular summer resort. 
 
 The air is fx-esh and stimulating, 
 as it sweeps over the pine - clad 
 heights. 
 
 NORRISTOWN, Pa. 
 A pleasant educational andmanufac- 
 turing county-town of 19,791 inh., 
 on the Schuylkill river, 16 miles 
 from Philadelphia. It is handsomely 
 built, has a fine marble Court-House, 
 several beautiful school- buildings 
 and important manufactories. 
 
 Railroads: Pennsylvania R. R.; 
 Philadelphia & Reading. 
 
 OIL CITY, Pa. 
 The center of the Oil Region of 
 Pennsylvania, 132 mis. from Pitts- 
 burg, on the Alleghanjr River, where 
 the Oil Creek empties into it. It 
 had a population of 10,982 in 1890. 
 
 1 17* 
 
PHILADELPHIA, Pa. 
 (see page 374). 
 
 PITTSBURG AND ALLEGHENY, 
 
 The second largest city of the State 
 of Penns5'lvania 444 miles from New 
 York and 354 froni Philadelphia, 
 is situated where two rivers, the 
 Monongahela and the Allegheny 
 unite and form the Ohio. Pitts- 
 bm-g is on the peninsula between 
 the two rivers and south from the 
 Monongahela; north of the Allegheny 
 is the sister city, Allegheny. Both 
 together have a population of about 
 350,000. 
 
 Railroad Depots. Baltimoi^e and 
 Ohio at Smithtield and Water Streets. 
 
 The Depot on Federal street in 
 Allegheny is used by the PHisbtirg, 
 Ft. Wayne & Chicago R. R, and 
 the West Penn. 
 
 Corner Eleventh and Liberty 
 Streets is the Union Station used by 
 the Pennsylvania R. R., Erie & 
 Pittsburg, Cleveland & Pittsburg. 
 
 Pittsburg & Lake Erie has its 
 depots at Carson street and Smith- 
 field Street bridge, south side. 
 
 In addition to electric and ca.ble 
 cars, which run through all the im- 
 portant streets, Pittsburg possesses 
 a speciality: "the inclines", by means 
 of which the top of the high hills, 
 is reached, which suiTOund the city, 
 and whence picturesque views can 
 be obtained. Fai-e 5 cents. 
 
 Carriages, four persons, first hour 
 S 1,50; each additional hour $ 1,00. 
 
 Coupes two persons, first hour 
 $ 1,00; each additional hour 50 cents. 
 
 PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Post Office; Smithfield street. 
 Third and Fourth avenue; contains 
 also Custom House and Pension 
 Office. 
 
 Couit House and Jail Grant 
 street. Fifth avenue. 
 
 Municipal Hall, Smithfield street 
 and Virgin Alley. 
 
 Agents of the North Gennan Lloyd : 
 
 J. F, Erny, Cashier Germ. Sav. & 
 Dep. Bank, Pittsburg S. S. Pa. 
 
 Lotiis Moeser, 616 Smithfield St., 
 Pittsburg Pa. 
 
 Max Schambe7'g8c Co., 527 Smith- 
 field St., Pittsburg Pa. 
 
 POTTSVILLE, Pa. 
 
 The great shipping-point of Schuyl- 
 kill-coal on the Schuylkill river, sit- 
 uated upon the edge of the great 
 Schuylkill coal basin, producing 
 yearly about 9,000,000 tons. This 
 enormous product is conveyed to 
 market by the Reading R. R. and 
 the Schuylkill Canal. The city was 
 founded in 1825, but had in 1890 
 14,117 inh. 
 
 Railroads : Philadelphia & Read- 
 ing; Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 READING, Pa. 
 
 A 'compact city of over 60,000 inh. 
 of German ongm, 58 mis. from 
 Philadelphia, in the narrow plain 
 between the Schuylkill river and 
 Penn's Mount. It is very flourishing 
 in manufactures, especially immense 
 repau'-shops, furnaces, rolling mills, 
 and brass and steel-works, and has 
 a profitable trade with the i4ch 
 farming lands of Berks Coimt)'. The 
 inhabitants are mostly „Pennsylvania 
 Dutch", speaking a dialect forming 
 a conoiomeration of English, German 
 and Dutch. 
 
 Railroads: Pennsylvania R. R ; 
 Philadelphia & Readmg. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Jos. A. Allgaier, 511 Penn St., 
 Reading Pa. 
 
 Wm. Rosenthal, Reading Pa. 
 
 SCRANTON, Pa. 
 
 A sombre and prosperous manufac- 
 tdring city, founded in 1840, on a 
 plateau near the Lackawanna River, 
 where Roaring Broak empties into 
 it. It has a population of 75,215, 
 being by this the fourth largest city 
 in Pennsylvania. Its importance is 
 due to its situation in the most 
 northern of the large anthracite 
 basins, to its immense iron works 
 and manufactories of every kind, 
 and to its railroad facilities. Seranton 
 produces yearly 8,500.000 tons of 
 coal. 
 
 Railroads: Central of New Jersey 
 R. R. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 W. F. Kiesel, 515 Lackawana Ave. 
 Scranlon Pa. 
 
 372 
 
TITUSVILLE, Pa. 
 The largest place in the Oil Region, 
 149 mis. from Pittsbiu-g, owing its 
 rapid growth and prosperity mainly 
 to the oil-wells in the vicinity. It 
 has a population of about 10,000. 
 
 WILKESBARRE, Pa. 
 
 One of the largest and finest cities 
 in Pennsylvania IM mis. from 
 Philadelphia. It has 37,718 inh., 
 wealthy by the immense coal-trade 
 of this place. It produces 7,500,000 
 tons of coal a }^ear. A small steamer 
 runs on the Susquehanna toNauticoke, 
 affording fine views of the lower 
 valley. 
 
 Railroads: Central of New Jersey; 
 Leghih Valley; Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd . 
 
 J. C. Bell, Cashier Wilkesbarre 
 Dep & Sav. Bk., Wilkesbarre' Pa. 
 
 WILLIAMSPORT, Pa. 
 
 One of the largest cities in Penn- 
 sylvania, center here of the limiber 
 trade. It has 30,000 inh. and is 
 picturesquely situated on the west 
 branch of the Susquehanna, 198 mis. 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Railroads : Philadelphia & Read- 
 ing; Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 WISSAHICKON HEIGHTS, Pa. 
 
 11 mis. from Broad Street 
 Station in Philadelphia, on the 
 Germantown & Chestnut Hill Branch 
 
 of the Pennsylvania R. R., one of 
 the pleasant inns which are becom- 
 ing such a feature of Philadelphia 
 suburban life, named "The Wissa- 
 hickon." 
 
 It is in high favor with the best 
 elements of Philadelphia society, and 
 there is always a distinguished 
 company assembled within its cheer- 
 ful walls. 
 
 The Inn is open during the entire 
 year. 
 
 WYOMING VALLEY, Pa. 
 
 One of the most picturesque and 
 interesting regions of Eastern Penn- 
 sylvania, formed by 2 parallel ranges 
 of mountains, averaging 900 feet in 
 height, and traversed by the 
 Susquehanna River, which enters its 
 upper end through a bold mountain- 
 pass known as the Lackawanna Gap, 
 passing out of its lower end through 
 another opening in the same moun- 
 tain called Nauticoke Gap. Wyom- 
 ing Falls is a rapid worth seeing 
 near the center of the valley. 
 
 YORK, Pa. 
 
 18 mis. from Harrisburg, with its 
 7 bridges over the Codorus, 72 
 schools, 35 churches, and costly 
 public buildings, is the manufacturing 
 and commercial center of one of the 
 richest agricultural regions in Amer- 
 ica.- It has 20,793 inh. 
 
 Railroad: Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 373 
 
PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 RAILROAD DEPOTS: 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Station corner 
 of Chestnut and 24 th. Streets for 
 Washington and the West. 
 
 Broad Street Station at Broad 
 and Market Streets for the trains of 
 the Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 Philadelphia axi^Jieading Terminal 
 at 12 th. and Market Streets, is used 
 also by the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 Other Depot Entrances. Besides 
 the three magnificent edifices noted, 
 there are other depots for railroad 
 entrance. Among them are those of 
 the North Pennsylvania Railroad 
 (Philadelphia and Reading System) 
 at Third and Berks Streets; Kens- 
 ington; Market Street ferry for the 
 
 many New Jersey branches of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad System, and 
 Chestnut and South Street ferries 
 for the Atlantic City Railroad 
 (Philadelphia and Reading System). 
 Third and Berks and Kensington 
 depots, however, are but little used, 
 because the major part of the 
 business has been transferred to 
 12 th. and Market and Broad and 
 Market depots respectively. They 
 are, moreover, remote from the 
 center of the city, and offer few con- 
 veniences for travelers. 
 
 Ferries. Opposite Philadelphia on 
 the Delaware River, is Camden City. 
 Ferry boats ply constantly between 
 the two places. Their points of 
 departure are the following: 
 
 Cramer's Hill 
 
 Gloucester 
 Kaighn's Point 
 
 West Jersey 
 
 Camden and Philadelphia 
 
 Camden and Atlantic 
 
 Shackamaxon Street 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Philadelphia : 
 Otis Street wharf 
 South Street 
 South Street 
 Pier 7, South wharves 
 Market Street 
 Market Street 
 Vine Street 
 Shackamaxon Street 
 Bristol 
 
 Camden : 
 
 Cramer's Hill 
 Gloucester City 
 Kaighn's Point 
 Kaighn's Point 
 Market Street 
 FedersJ Street 
 Wood Street 
 Wood Street 
 Burlington 
 
 HANSOMS & CABS: 
 
 Two wheeled vehicles by the trip, 
 one or two persons, 25 cents lor 
 one mile and one-half or less. One 
 mile and one-half are fifteen squares. 
 By the hour 65 cents. Four wheeled 
 vehicles 40 cents for one mile and 
 one-half and 75 cents by the hour. 
 Each trunk pays 25 cents. 
 
 HOTELS : 
 
 There £ire many hotels in the city 
 worth its largeness and . general 
 refined appearance 
 
 The Lafayette Hotel is one of 
 the largest and best Hotels in 
 the city, it fronts on Broad 
 Street ane extends from Chest- 
 nut to Sansome St. Its situation 
 
 374 
 
PHILADELPH 
 
 SDBQnDSH 
 
 iicz3erMO[iiii^l2jML!! 
 
unnnnDDDnnnna 
 
 QuunQcaaani. 
 rjnapaanciDnQH 
 inHaQanHDDDHa 
 
 
 
Hotel . . . 
 
 LOUIS H. SMITH, 
 Proprietor. 
 
 afayette 
 
 BROAD AND CHESTNUT Streets, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Three minutes' walk from 
 the railway stations 
 
 EUROPEAIf 
 
 PLAN ONLY 
 
 350 Rooms; $1,00 a day 
 and upwards. 
 
 FAMOUS CUISINE 
 
 PERFECT SERVIC 
 
 CABLE ADDRESS 
 'lAPAYETTE, PHILADELPHIA.' 
 
 LONG-DISTANCE 
 TELEPHONE NO. 6317 
 
 T IS BEYOND DISPUTE that 
 
 the location of HOTEL 
 
 ' f^LAFAYETTE is not merely un- 
 
 = ni jsurpassed, but is unequaled, 
 
 Jjin Philadelphia. It is nearer 
 
 ,_^ ladelphia. It is nearer 
 
 =j=Jn| he great railroad stations than 
 J-^y vny hotel in the city ; it is upon 
 'Lhe promenade side of Broad 
 
 jy^-Street, one of the world's finest 
 
 li~boulevards; aad it is absolutely _ . - — - 
 
 ^Jicentral for all purposes, whether XHE NEIGHBORHOOD 
 
 LjJOlJf business or amusement. 
 
 HE LAPAY'ETTE is nearer more theaters ; is nearer the great business houses 
 I j]|| and retail shops, is nearer more offices and professional men; is nearer the 
 
 ' iiJbourts and schools and colleges of Philadelphia, and is more largely patronized 
 ;3|^by lawyers, politicians, business men. and the IraTOling public than is any hotel 
 '^ south of New Y'ork City. 
 
CHAS. W. SOULAS' 
 
 FAAOaS REStfiURfiNT 
 
 AND RaThs-Kellei^ .'. 
 
 /^\ 
 
 ^'\V 
 
 s^? 
 
 T ^^^ 
 
 > 1 
 
 IS J 
 
 ^1 
 
 >tt 
 
 
 
 
 i\-i 
 
 
 ALL PERSONS VISITING PHILADELPHIA SHOULD VISIT THIS 
 FAMOUS PLACE AND VIEW ITS WORKS OF ART 
 
 117 
 
 All the Leading American and European Newspapers on File 
 
 The City Directory of London, Paris, Berlin, Vienaa, Stuttgardt, and 
 all the principal cities of United States, kept here for public use. 
 
 The following Imported Beer on Draught: 
 
 WUKZBURGER, PILSNER, COBURGER, MUNCHENER, 
 
 ERLANGER, and PSCHORR BRAU. 
 
 Cuisine Unexcelled. 
 
is an excellent one. The Hotel is 
 highly recommendable for its good 
 service and fine cuisine and artistic 
 outfit 
 
 "The Lorraine" is situated on a 
 one-hundred and fifty feet wide 
 Plaza, formed by the junction oi 
 Broad Street, Ridge and Fak-mount 
 Avenues, and at the southern 
 termmus of the beautiful residence 
 portion of North Broad Street; cor- 
 venient to all points of interest, 
 within a short distance of City Hall, 
 and both Pennsylvania and Reading 
 ]rt.ailroad Stations. For the conve- 
 nience of ^ests a special storeroom 
 for bicydes is provided. _ Five 
 churches of different denominations 
 are within five minutes walk. The 
 Hotel has a frontage of one-hiondred 
 and some feet on Broad St., and 
 one-hundred and some feet on 
 Fairmount Ave. It is eleven sto- 
 ries high of a brilliant architecture. 
 The greatest precaution has been 
 taken to make it thoroughly fire- 
 proof. 
 
 The interior is splendidly appointed 
 and offers every comfort imaginable. 
 One of the main features of the 
 interior of the house is the location 
 of the Dining Rooms on the tenth 
 floor, from which can be seen a 
 grand panorama of the surrounding 
 city. The Cafe, auditorium and 
 dining room for private parties 
 are on the same floor, and are fitted 
 up in an' elaborate manner, be' ig 
 cheery, light and airy. "The Lorraine" 
 is conducted on the American plan; 
 transient rates three Dollars per day 
 and upwards. Apartments furnished 
 or unfurnished by year or month. 
 
 "Green's Hotel", Chestnut and 
 Eighth Streets, is situated in the 
 heart of the chief business and 
 other interests of Philiadelphia, one 
 square from the post office. It is a 
 
 occupymg 
 
 substantial brick edifice 
 about one-hundred and twenty 'feet 
 0:1 Chestnut Street and one-hundred 
 and seventy-five feet on Eighth Street. 
 The office, cafe and restaurant are 
 on the ground floor. Artistic fres- 
 coing and flowers adorn all these 
 apartments and the guest chambers, 
 of which there are 250 at $ 1,00 and 
 $ 1,50 per day. The restaurant is 
 liberally conducted on the European 
 
 plan with efficient sei-vice and 
 popular prices. Both transient and 
 permanent guests are assured of a 
 cordial welcome and hospitable enter- 
 taimnent. 
 
 RESTAURANTS. 
 
 The city is well supplied with 
 restaurants of all sorts and for all 
 purposes. The most prominent ones 
 are the following: 
 
 Charles W. Soulas' Rathskeller 
 and Restaurant. — This famous place 
 is on the ground floor of the Betz 
 Building, on the east side of Broad 
 Street above Chestnut, and opposite 
 City Hall. In many respects this 
 establishment has no equal in the 
 country; there are three separate 
 styles of apartments exclusive of the 
 Rathskeller: One, magnificently de- 
 corated and furnished, is exclusively 
 for the use of ladies, or ladies with 
 gentlemen escorts; gentlemen alone 
 are excluded from this apartment. 
 Attached is a sumptously fitted toilet 
 room with a lady's maid in atten- 
 dance, to mend rents in dresses or 
 other apparel and to attend to other 
 wants of the lady patrons. A second 
 restaurant is for gentlemen where 
 no smoking is allowed, and a third 
 where lovers of the weed may enjoy 
 themselves. Here is also a reading 
 room where files of a;ll the priacipal 
 newspapers of this country and 
 Europe are kept. The Rathskeller 
 is patterned after similar concerns 
 in Germany. Table d'hote is served 
 from 12 to 3 o'clock for 50 cents. 
 
 Boarding and furnished rooms 
 are similar to those in New York as 
 described. 
 
 Theatres and Maces 0/ amuse' 
 ments. Philadelphia possesses over 
 twenty theatres besides numerous 
 halls for concerts and lectures. The 
 rates charged are usually $1,50 for 
 a seat in the orchestra. As the 
 greatest part of thefloating population 
 resides between Broad and 7 th and 
 Arch and Spruce streets the greater 
 number of the better theatres are 
 within this area. The most notable 
 are the Academy of Music, Broad 
 Street Theatre, Chestnut St. Ohera 
 House, Chestnut Street Theatre, 
 and the Watnut Street Theatre. 
 
 377 
 
In the northern part of the citj' 
 the best ai^e the Grand Opera 
 House, the Park, the Gerard Avenue 
 Theatre. 
 
 Amoiigr the attractions of the city 
 a\e the Zoological Garden, situated 
 i)i Faumount Park. It is reached 
 by the Peunsj'lvania Railroad from 
 Broad Street station or by street 
 cars. It is the largest collection of 
 animals in America. The Garden 
 is open every day and well worth a 
 visit. 
 
 HOW TO SEE THE CITY: 
 
 Starting at Chestnut Street up 
 Broad street the visitor should pass 
 around City Hall and enter again 
 Broad Street on the North side of 
 City Hall. Corner Broad and Filbert 
 Streets is the Masonic Temple. A'ext 
 to it, the Arch Street Methodist 
 Episcopal Cktirch, on the west side, 
 the Evangelical, Lzitheran and 
 Baptist and the Academy of Fine 
 Arts. Opposite the Fine Aa-ts 
 building is a magnificent Odd 
 Fellows Temple. PassingRace Street, 
 we come to the Hahnemann Medical 
 College; corner Broad $l Vine 
 Streets is the Catholic Hi^h School, 
 corner Callowhill street is the First 
 Regiments Armory; on the west 
 side through Springgarden street are 
 the well known Batdivin Locomotive 
 Works; at the northeast corner, the 
 Spring Garden Instititte, on the 
 west side, the Public High School 
 is situated. Above the Spring Garden 
 Institute is the boys Central High 
 School and School of Pedagogy. 
 Then follows another block of church 
 
 edifices of which, the Jewish Tab- 
 ernacle is architecturall)'^ the finest. 
 At the corner of Fairmount Avenue is 
 the Park Theatre. From Gerard 
 Avenue to Berks Street are many 
 magnificent private residences. Above 
 Jefferson Street is the new Mer- 
 cantile Club. This is one of the most 
 striking buildings on Noth Broad 
 Street. At the northwest corner 
 of Broad and Oxford Streets is the 
 Cohttnbia Club, between Cohunbia 
 Avenue and Berks Street on the west 
 side, the Grand Opera Hotise and 
 a number of churches. Opposite is 
 Monum.ent Cemetery. North, on 
 Broad Street beyond Herks there 
 is nothing of particular interest. We 
 retrace our steps to Columbia Avenue 
 and take a car westward to East 
 Fairmomit Park. 
 
 Fairmomit Park covers 2,800 acres. 
 It is the largest pleasui'e ground of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Returning to Broad .street we go 
 South. Between Chestnut and Pine 
 are some of the finest hotels. Corner 
 of Samson Street is the Union 
 League Club, the Art Club is 220 So. 
 Broad Street, the Acadetny of Music 
 is at the corner of Locust Street. 
 The Broad Street Theatre opposite. 
 
 West Walnut Street and vicinity 
 is a very aristocratic quarter with 
 many fine residences well worth 
 seeing. Corner of Chestnut Street 
 and Aspui the beautiful First Unita- 
 rian Church, on the other corner, 
 tJae Second Reformed church. Close 
 by is one of the finest church edificees 
 in the city, the Church of New 
 Jerusalem. Passmg down • 22 nd 
 
 Hotel Lorraine 
 
 TVorth Broad. St. and Fairmont A.ve. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 American Plan. * Rates Doll. 3,50 and upwards. 
 ALL MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 SEVEN MINUTES FROM RAILROAD STATIONS 
 
 108 Absolutly Fire Proof. 
 
 John J. Shanfelter, Manager. 
 
 378 
 
Street- to Walnut Street the north- 
 west corner is occupied by the Church 
 of St. James. At 19 th Street and 
 Walnut is the famous Wilstach House. 
 Opposite this house is the Church 
 of the Holy Trinity. We have now 
 reached Rittenhouse Square with 
 the Bronze group of the Lion and 
 the Serpent; on the north side of 
 the Rittenhouse Club. 
 
 West Spruce Street is inhabited 
 by some of the wealthiest families 
 of the city. 
 
 The most notable part of Locust 
 Street is known as the Harrison 
 Block, between 17 th and 18 th streets. 
 A striking feature is the gardens 
 in the_rear of the block. 
 
 East Chestnut Street is the shopping 
 district of the city but many public 
 buildings are also situated here. On 
 Chestnut below Broad is the Mint; 
 at 9th and Chestnut the Post Office; 
 at 6 th street Congress Hall; between 
 6 th and 5 th streets Inaepedence 
 Hall; 5 th and Chestnut Sinnott Hall; 
 5 th below Chestnut the American 
 Philosophical Society; Chestnut, 
 between 4th and 5th Streets, the 
 Ctistom. House; between 4th and 
 South Streets, Carpenter's Hall. 
 
 There are some of the sky scrap- 
 ing type of buLldings to be found. 
 One of the most conspicous is the 
 
 Beis Building on Broad Street near 
 Chestnut; adjoining the same is the 
 Gerard Building. "The finest group 
 of buildings is on the north side of 
 Chestnut Street from 9 th to 10 th 
 Street. Here are the Post Office, 
 the Record, the Mutual Life, the 
 Penn Mutual, the City Trust Company. 
 Between 3rd and 10 th streets are 
 most of the bank, insurance and 
 trust institutions and associations. 
 The most widely known is the Drexel 
 Building, corner 5 th and Chestnut 
 Streets. Visitors are admitted to 
 the roof of the Drexel Building every 
 week-day between nine and four 
 o'clock. 
 
 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS: 
 
 East, on Chestnut Street near Broad 
 Street is the Mint. This is one oi 
 the city's great attractions. Visitors 
 are admitted daUy, except Sundays, 
 from 9 to 12, and are escorted 
 through the building free of charge 
 by attendants. 
 
 The Post Office stands at the 
 northwest comer of 9 th and Chest- 
 nut Street. The building is surmount- 
 ed by a dome 170 feet high. The 
 edifice cost $8,000,000. It contains 
 the United .Slates Com-ts, the Coast 
 and geological survey and at the 
 top, occupving the dome and part 
 
 GREEN'S HOTEL, 
 
 8 th and Chestnut Streets, 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Most centrally located; in 
 the very heart of tho 
 shopping district of the 
 city; one square from 
 Post Office, near all the 
 principal Theatres and 
 main Railway Stations 
 Public Buildings and all 
 places of interest. 
 
 * * * 
 
 For Ladies and 
 Gentlemen . . . 
 
 European Plan. 
 
 * * * 107 
 
 Electric Light, Baths and 
 all Modern Conveniences. 
 
 350 ftooms, from Doli. 1.00 to Doll. 1.50 ppr day. 
 
 MAHLON W. NEWTON, Proprietor. Finest Restaurant in City. 
 
 379 
 
of the roof, is the Signal Service 
 Bureau. 
 
 On Chestnut Street, between 4 th 
 and 5 th, is a white marble building 
 approached by a lono- flight of steps, 
 lliis is the United States Ctistom 
 Iloitse. 
 
 The United States Treasury is in 
 the same building, which fronts also 
 on Library Street- 
 
 From the Custom House visitors 
 may vdsit the Frankfort Arsejtal 
 which is situated upon Tacony Road 
 and Bridge Street. The grounds 
 contain many curiosities. Ihe Ar-- 
 senal was established in l816. 
 
 At Grace Ferry Road is an other 
 Ai'senal. The Schuylkill Arsenal. 
 The Collection of Wax Figtires, 
 clothed in the various uniforms used 
 from Colonial times till to-day, is 
 interesting. 
 
 On the Grace Ferry Road, corner 
 of Baimbridge Street, is the United 
 States Naval Asylum. 
 
 The Navy Yard is situated on 
 League Island (worth visiting). To 
 reach it, take the Broad Street Om- 
 nibus south, as far as it goes. From 
 this point other onmibuses are 
 running at regular intervals to 
 League Island. 
 
 PRISONS : 
 
 The Eastern Penitentiary on 
 
 FairmountAvenuebetweenCorinthian 
 Avenue, 22nd and Brown Streets. 
 Tickets may be obtained from the 
 inspectors. 
 
 The County Prison is on Passyunk 
 Avenue near 10th Street. Permits 
 may be obtained from the Mayor's 
 Office. 
 
 The House of Refuge has two 
 locations, one between Parrish and 
 Poplar streets, i.nd 22nd and 23rd 
 Streets; and the other at Glen Mills, 
 one for girls, the other for boys. ' 
 
 The Ho7ise of Correction is on 
 the Ihie of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
 on the Delaware River. 
 
 The New County Prison is opposite 
 the House of Correction. It can \ 
 u(;commodate some 2,000 prisoners. 
 
 The Morgue is at 707 Wood 
 Street. 
 
 The Alms House is on the west 
 side of the Schuylkill River. Visitors 
 
 are admitted by ticket from, any 
 member of the Board of Charities. 
 The Lazaretto or Quarantine 
 Station is on Tinicum Island, in the 
 Delaware River. 
 
 Among the historic buildings 
 Independence Hall is the principal 
 one. The East Room, on the first 
 floor, is the one in which the De- 
 .claration of Independence was signed. 
 The pictures of the signers of the 
 Act of Independence hang upon the 
 waUs. The Liberty Bell is displayed 
 here in a glass case and quairtered 
 oak. The Western Room is used as 
 a National Museum. The second 
 story is occupied by the Sons of the 
 Revolutions rooms. Admission to 
 all parts of Independence Hall is 
 free from nine tdl three o'clock. 
 The HaU in which Washington was 
 inaugurated President in 1793 for a 
 second term is Congress Hall. Con- 
 gi-ess Hall is at 6 th and Chestnut 
 Streets. 
 
 The old Supreme Court House 
 was built in 1791. While the Federal 
 Government was in Philadelphia the 
 Supreme Cotut of the United States 
 held its sessions here. 
 
 On Arch street near 3rd, is the 
 Betsy Ross House, Betsy Ross con- 
 ceived the American Flag. 
 
 AU these buildings are owned by 
 the governuKMit. but there are othe- 
 historic buildings in private hands 
 among them bemg the Chew House, 
 in Germantown. This building is 
 famous from the part it played in 
 the Battle of Germantown in 1777. 
 The first Continental Congress was 
 held in Carpenter's Hall. This 
 building is regarded with nearly the 
 same amount of veneration as In- 
 dependence Hall. It is open to visi- 
 tors. 
 
 Franklin s Burial Place. Benja- 
 min Franklin was buried in 1719 in^ 
 Christ Chm-ch Burying ground at 
 Ar-ch and 5th Sti-eets. The Free 
 Quaker Meeting House. In 1858 a 
 portion of the wall surrounding the 
 yard was torn away to enable pass- 
 ersby to see the tombstones of the 
 famous man and his wife. 
 
 Industrial enterprises of the great- 
 est interest are the following: — 
 Cramps Ship Yards. The yards 
 
 380 
 
122 
 
 tetson Hats 
 
 Stiff and Soft Felt Hats that are 
 
 standards 
 
 for style and foremost for quality. 
 
 Sold by the leading hatters of America and 
 foreign countries. 
 
 The Stetson factory is the largest in the 
 ■world devoted to the manufacture of hish- 
 class hats. 
 
 n B. Stetson Company 
 
 Philadelphia, U. S. A. 
 Retail Department: 1108 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 
 
 aie at JbJeach and Palmer Streets. 
 In the 64 )'ears of its existence 
 nearly 300 ships have been added 
 to the conameicial marine by the 
 Cramps. Visitors are not admitted 
 to the yards except on an order 
 from the company, which has offices 
 at Beach and Broad streets. 
 
 Stetson Hats: These are among the 
 most famous ol" Philadelphia's manu- 
 factured products , stiff and soft felt 
 hats known not only throughtout the 
 United States but . in the various 
 countries of Europe and South 
 America, in South Africa, Mexico, 
 Austraiia-wherever hats are known. 
 
 The factory, at Fourth Street and 
 Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia, 
 covers an entire triangular block, 
 has 275,000 square feet of flooi 
 space and employs about 1,000 oper- 
 ators. About 50,000 dozen fine hats 
 per year is the output. 
 
 This important industry is oper- 
 ated by the John E, Stetson Comp- 
 any, of which Theodore C. Search, 
 President of the National Association 
 of Manufactui-ers, is General Manager. 
 
 One great factor m the success of 
 the Stetson works is the interest 
 manifested in the employees by the 
 management. Many means have 
 been provided for their improvement 
 along all lines. 
 
 In connection with the works are 
 the Union Mission Hospital and Free 
 Dispensary, the Union Mission, a 
 library and reading room, building 
 association, saving fund, beneficial 
 association, classes for study and 
 gymnasium, all in a flom-ishing con- 
 dition and doing an excellent work. 
 
 H. Roelofs & Co. are represent- 
 atives^ of the stiff hat industry. 
 Their mammoth establishment is 
 located at Brown and 12th Street 
 and consist to day of a six-story 
 factory and six-story addition almost 
 as large as the original structure. 
 The history of H. Roelofs & Co. is 
 the modern history of the ini])rovcd 
 pressed hat by hydraulic pressm-e. 
 A visit to the facto; y is highl}' inter- 
 esting. The products of tlie iirm are 
 widely kno-rni and much appreciated 
 all over the world. 
 
 381 
 
The Midvale Steel Works are near 
 Wayne Junction. Here the torpedoes 
 for the navy ai^e manufactured. 
 
 Disston's Saw Works are at 
 Takony and employ about 2,000 
 men. 
 
 Baldwin Locomotive Works. The 
 main offices are at 500 No. Broad 
 Street. 
 
 Brewerytown is that section of 
 tlie city in which are some of the 
 largest beer brewing companies. 
 This quarter is in the neighborhood 
 of Thompson & Jefferson between 
 31st and 33rd streets. 
 
 OTHER BUILD.WGS. 
 
 The principal commercial build- 
 uigs are : 
 
 The Bourse between Fourth and 
 FifthStrects, andMarket andChestnut. 
 It is an ornate structure, 350 feet in 
 length, 10 stories high and cost 
 51,500,00. The buildmg is one of the 
 most complete structmes of the kind 
 in the world. 
 
 The Trades' LeagiieaX^'i>\0!x^%i-ayx.i 
 Street is devoted to furthering the 
 best interests of Philadelphia. It is 
 of great benefit to visiting business 
 men. 
 
 The Board of Trade, in the 
 Drexel Building is of special interest 
 for out of town business men. 
 
 The Commercial Exchange has for 
 
 its object the development of the 
 trade and commerce of the port of 
 Philadelphia. Its quarters sire at 
 133 South Second Street. 
 
 TheMaritijne Exchange on Second 
 Street, between Walnut and Chestnut 
 Streets,give3all maritime information. 
 It maintains watch stations at the 
 Delaware breakwater, 103 miles from 
 Philadelphia; at New Castle Del., 
 33 mUes, and Thurlow, Pa., 17 miles 
 below the city. 
 
 The Builders Exchange is an 
 
 ornate building on Seventh Street 
 above Chestnut. It is the meeting 
 place of the following trade associa- 
 tion: The Lumberman's Exchange; 
 The Stonecutters Association; Ihe 
 Bricklayers' Company; The Master 
 Carpenters; The Builders' Company; 
 The Master Plasterers' Association; 
 Planing Mill Association; Master 
 Painters' Association, and Metal 
 Roofers' Association. In addition 
 there is a mechanical Trades School, 
 well v/orth a visit. Admission is free 
 daily from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. 
 
 There are more than 80 Banking 
 institutions in Philadelphia; of these 
 more than 40 are National banks. 
 All these institutions occupy magnif- 
 icent buildings. 
 
 THG 
 
 AAGRICAN mPRoVeD 
 
 PRGSSeD HATS 
 
 Registered May 4, 1891. 
 
 Manufactured solely by 
 
 HENRY H. ROELOFS 
 & CO. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 U.S.A. 
 
 3£ 
 
 Are for Sale by all the 
 principal Retail Hatters. 
 
 832 
 
The oldest Bank in the city is the 
 Philadelphia National Bank, 421 
 Chestnut Street. Its_ offices are a 
 feature worth examining. 
 
 The oldest Bank in America is the 
 Bank of North America, founded 
 in 1781, which on the close of the 
 revolution became the financial agent 
 of the Government. The splendid 
 edifice is on Chestnut Street, near 
 Third. 
 
 One of the finest building of its 
 kind is occupied by the National 
 Bank of the Republic 313 Chestnut 
 Street. 
 
 Another most magnificent structure, 
 is the building, in which is housed 
 the Union Trzist Company, 715 to 
 719 Chestnut Street. 
 
 At 927 Chestnut Street are the 
 elegant quarters of the City Trust, 
 Safe Deposit and Szirety Company. 
 
 Philadelphia possesses also the 
 oldest fire insurance company in 
 America. This is the Philadelphia 
 Cojttribtitoj'-ship, founded in 1752. 
 Its building is on South Fourth 
 Streets, below Walnut. 
 
 The Pen7i Mtitual is quartered in 
 a fine building on Chestnut Street 
 between Ninth and Tenth. 
 
 The Mtitttal Life has a branch 
 also in Philadelphia and occupies a 
 stately edifice on the north west 
 Comer of Chestnut and Tenth Streets. 
 
 OUT OF TOWN EXCURSIONS. , 
 
 Philadelphia is situated on two 
 rivers : the Delaware and the Schuyl- 
 kill. The Delaware divides Pennsyl- 
 vania from New Jersey; The Schuylkill 
 divides Philadelphia into two parts 
 and runs into the Delaware. The 
 Schuylkill is navigable by moderate 
 sized vessels and for a short distance 
 only. The Delaware is a navigable 
 stream for a distance oi som-e thirty 
 miles, even above Philadelphia. 
 
 Visitors should not fail to take a 
 boat trip up the Delaware River. It 
 may be done in a few hours' time 
 and costs only a dollar. The place 
 ol departirre is either Chestnut or 
 Arch Street Wharf. The most 
 prominent points of view on this 
 excursion are Kensington, the milling 
 district of Philadelphia. Here is the 
 
 Penn Treaty Park, where William 
 Penn made his treaty with the 
 Indians. Bridgesburg comes next. 
 It contams the United States Arsenal. 
 Further above is Tacony, where the 
 Tacony Iron and Metal Works and 
 the Keystone Saw Works are located. 
 
 Then the steamboat crosses to the 
 New Jersey side and makes a stop 
 at Riverton, a very attractive place 
 on the'Delaware. Crosssing the river 
 again, Torresdale is reached. Here 
 is the "Forrest Home" , a retreat for 
 aged actors. After Torresdale, the 
 Delaware naiTOws perceptibly. Among 
 the frequent stops, the boat makes, 
 the most important is Beverly. Above 
 Beverly the river widens again. 
 Opposite Burlington Island, on the 
 New Jersey side, is Btirlington dJxA 
 on the Pennsylvania shoie, Bristol. 
 Then we pass " The Manor of 
 Pennsburg'', where Penn's country 
 home was located. Florence Heights, 
 on the New Jersey side, and beyond. 
 White Hill in Pennsylvania follow. 
 Bordentown is the next landing place 
 of interest, because Joseph Bonaparte, 
 Ex-King of Naples and Spain, lived 
 here after his dethronement. Above 
 Bordentown the visitor lands at 
 Trenton, New Jersey' s State Capital. 
 After a stroll through the pretty city 
 the return trip may be made by the 
 river or by train. Other pleasant 
 excursions in summer may be made 
 to the seaside resorts ; the best 
 known of which is "Atlantic City" . 
 
 Three railroad lines run to the 
 famous pleasure resort and sanitarium: 
 The Philadelphia Reading, The West 
 Jersey and the Camden and Atlantic. 
 Excursion tickets, good for ten days, 
 cost $ 1,75. There ary many hotels. 
 Theatres and Music Halls, and good 
 drives and excursions to Longport. 
 South Atlantic City, the Lighthouse 
 and to Chelsea. Within easy reach 
 of Philadelphia is Cape May. This 
 seaside resort is located at the 
 soul hern extremity of New Jersey, 
 opposite Cape Henlopen. Between 
 the two points the waters of the 
 Delaware Bay enter the Atlantic. 
 From Cape May may be visited: 
 Cape May Lighthouse, Lake Lil ', 
 Diamond Beach and Gold Spring. 
 Cape May is connected wi;h Phila- 
 
 383 
 
delphia by the South Jersey Raikoad. 
 Two hour's ride. The excmsion fare 
 is $ 2,15. By steamer five to six 
 hours; fare $ 1,00. 
 
 Ocean City is another seaside resort 
 worth visiting. The place is situated 
 on an island on the New Jersey- 
 Coast. The West Jersey Railroad 
 runs regular trains from Cape May. 
 The distance from Philadelphia is 
 77 miles, two hours and a quarter. 
 Fare from Cape May $ 1,45 (excursion 
 rates). 
 
 Sea Isle City is a fine seaside 
 resort on Ludlam's Island on the 
 New Jersey coast. The West and 
 the South Jersey Railroads connect 
 the place with Philadelphia. 
 
 The following is a list of Phila- 
 delphia's Libraries. 
 
 THE CITY'S FREE LIBRARIES 
 are: 
 
 No. 1. Montgomery Avenue and 
 17 th Street. 
 
 No. 2. Broad and Federal Streets. 
 
 No. 3. Frankfort Avenue, below 
 Norris Street. 
 
 No. 4. Roxboro. 
 
 No. 5. 40 th Street, below Ludlow 
 Street. 
 
 No. G. Main Street and Chelten 
 Avenue. 
 
 Free Library of Philadelphia, 1219 
 Chestnut Street. 
 
 Apprentices' Library, corner Fifth 
 and Ash Streets. 
 
 Athenaeum Library and Reading 
 Room, Sixth and Adelphi Streets. 
 
 Chestnut Hill Free Library in 
 Christian Hall near Rex Avenue, 
 on the Reading I'ike. 
 
 Diston Library, 3700 'Longshore 
 Street, Tacony. 
 
 Friends Free Library, 5418 German- 
 town Avenue. 
 
 Friends Library Association, Six- 
 teenth and Race Streets. 
 
 Germantown Library, 5521 German- 
 town Avenue. 
 
 Hebrew Literature Society", 322 
 Bainbridge Street. 
 
 Hirst Free Law Library, 901 Drexel 
 Building. 
 
 Home Teaching and Free Circulating 
 Library for the Blind, 701 Walnut 
 Street. 
 
 Law Association Library, 219 South 
 
 Sixth Street. 
 Lovett Memorial Library, German- 
 town and Sedgwick Streets. 
 Mercantile Library, 18 South 10 th 
 
 Street. 
 Philadelphia Library, Locust and 
 
 Juniper Streets. 
 Ridgway Library on Broad Street, 
 
 between CarpciUcr and Chi-istian. 
 Southwark Library, 765 South 
 
 Second Street. 
 Wilson's Circulating Library, 117 
 
 Walnut Street. 
 
 Besides the following educational 
 institutions possess libraries: 
 Academy of National Sciences, 19 tb 
 
 and Race Streets. 
 American Catholic Historical Society, 
 
 219 South Sixth Street. 
 American Philosophical Society, 104 
 
 South Fifth Sir-i^ 
 Drexel Institute, 33rd and Chestnut 
 
 Streets. 
 Franklin Institute, 15 South Seventh 
 
 Street. 
 Hahnemann College, Broad Street 
 
 above Race. 
 German Society, Spring Garden and 
 
 Mai-shall Streets. 
 Philadelphia Chapter of American 
 
 Institute of Aixhitects, 411 Walnut 
 
 Street. 
 West Philadelphia Institute, 40 th and 
 
 Ludlow Streets. 
 New Church Book Association, 2129 
 
 Chestnut Street. 
 Odd Fellows' Hall Association, Broad 
 
 and Cherry Streets. 
 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 
 
 Broad Street below Locust. 
 Philadelphia City Institute, Chestnut 
 
 and 18 th Streets. 
 Seamen's and Landsmen's Aid 
 
 Society, 322 South Front Street. 
 Spring Garden Institute, Broad and 
 
 Sprmg Garden Streets. 
 
 MUSEUMS. 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, 19 th 
 and Race Streets, famous as being 
 one of the finest of its kind on the 
 new and old Continent. 
 
 American Philosophical Society, 
 Independence Sc^nare, Fifth Street, 
 Visitors axe admitted on application. 
 
 384 
 
Commercial.Educational and Econom- 
 ic Museum, City Hall, North Side. 
 
 Franklin Institute, 15 South West 
 Street, for the mechanical arts. 
 
 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 
 Broad, below Locust St. 
 
 Pennsylvania Museiim and School 
 of Ind-ustrial Art. Museum in 
 Memorial Hall, Centennial Grounds, 
 Fahrmount Paik. 
 
 Wagner Institute, Seventeenth St. 
 and Montgomery Avenue, contains 
 a tine Cabinet of Minerals. 
 
 Mational Museum in Independence 
 Hall. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 Lotiis H. Meyer, 45 South Third 
 St., Ptuladelplnk Pa. 
 
RHODK ISLAHD. 
 
 The founder of Rhode Island was 
 Roger Williams, a nonconformist 
 minister from England, who migrated 
 to Salem in 1631, and suffered banish- 
 ment from there for his new and 
 dangerous opinions. In June 1636, 
 the found with five companions an 
 eligible site on the Moshassuck River, 
 which he named Providence. The 
 first census of the Rhode Island colo- 
 nies showed 7,181 in 1708. Rhode 
 Island was the last of the thirteen 
 original .States to accede to the 
 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 The pet name of the commonwealth 
 is Little Rhody, an epithet indicating- 
 its limited area, which comprises 
 1250 square miles. 
 
 In 1890 the population had grown 
 to 345,506. Its manufactures are 
 estimated at $104,163,621 yearly. 
 
 NEWPORT, R. I. 
 
 Ne-nqaort is prominently the most 
 magnificent watering place in the 
 westena hemisphere, and proudly it 
 bears the distinction of being the 
 selection of America's highest and 
 most exclusive society. 
 
 The city is laid out with great 
 taste and has about 20,000 inh. 
 
 PAWTUCICET, R. I. 
 An important manufacturing center 
 
 with 28,000 inhabitants. In 1790 
 Samuel Slater introduced here the 
 linen manufacture into the United 
 States. The Slater-manufactor)'- is 
 still there. 
 
 PROVIDENCE, R. I. 
 
 The metropolis and one of the 
 State capitals situated on the Provi- 
 dence River, where the Seekonk 
 River enters the Providence. It has 
 132,146 inhabitants. The manufactur- 
 ing interests of the city are enorm- 
 ous, the value of its cotton and 
 woolen goods its steamengines, silv- 
 erwares, iron etc. amounting to 
 $ 75,000,000. 
 
 The Union Railway Station is in 
 the center of the city. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 W. H. Church, 1 Wybosset St., 
 Providence R. I. 
 
 OUo Gerlach, 217 Broad St., Prov- 
 idence R. I. 
 
 Geo F. Leete, 114 Westminster St., 
 Providence R. I. 
 
 WOONSOCKET, R, I. 
 A manufacturing town of 21,000 
 inhabitants without any other except 
 business attractions. Important ruUer 
 industry. 
 
 38() 
 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 The first European adventurers, 
 who reached the South Carolina 
 shores were a group of Spanish 
 slave-hunters from Hispaniola, who, 
 in 1520, landed on St. Helena and 
 claimed the country for Spain. In 
 1523 Emperor Charles V. commissi- 
 oned Vazguez de Agllon to conquer 
 this land, but the expedition came 
 to grief. In 1562 Ribault's vessels 
 arrived on the coast with Huguenots, 
 sent by Admiral Coligny. On the 
 site of Beaufort they built the defences 
 of Charles Fort, where 26 men stayed 
 for a year. 
 
 King Charles II. granted Carolina 
 to the lords-proprietors in 1663 and 
 seveii years later colonist founded 
 on the Ashley River Charles Town. 
 
 The cessation of the obnoxious 
 Proprietary govemement, and the 
 formal division of Carolina into North 
 and South, occured in 1729. 
 
 The Revolution became a bitter 
 civil Vv^ar in South Carolina, but 
 December 14th 1782 the Royal troops 
 under Gen. Leslie finally evacuated 
 Charleston. As soon as Lincoln was 
 elected President, South Carolina 
 called a convention, which declared 
 that the Union between her and the 
 other States was dissolved (Decem- 
 ber 20th 1860). At one time South 
 Carolina had 44,000 men in the 
 Confederate army. 
 
 The great earthquake in Charles- 
 ton, August 31st 1886, destroyed 
 S 5,000,000 in property, and many 
 lives. 
 
 The U. S. Census in 1890 gives 
 a population of 1,151,149 to South 
 Carolina, 458,454 of which are white 
 and 692,695 colored. 
 
 The area of State is 30,570 square 
 miles. 
 
 The pet name is The Palmetto 
 State, from the palmetto tree on the 
 seal of the commonwealth. 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C. 
 
 From New York by steamer. The 
 Clyde Line Steamers leave Pier 29, 
 East River, Mondays, Wednesdays 
 and Fridays at 3 P.M. Charleston 
 is reached in about fifty hours. 
 
 By rail with the trains of the 
 Atlantic Coast Line in 22— 30 hours; 
 ticket $ 21,55; sleeper $4,50. 
 
 Hotels: Charleston, Meeting Street, 
 % 3—4. St. Charles, Meeting Street 
 % 2i/,-4. 
 
 Cars through the principal streets, 
 Stages to the Depots. 
 
 Charleston has two theatres : Grand 
 Opera House, Meeting Street and 
 Academy of Music, King Street. 
 
 The city has about 65,000 inhab- 
 itants, of which more than one half 
 is colored. It is the largest city of 
 South Carolina and is situated 6 miles 
 from the Atlantic Ocean at the con- 
 fluence the Ashley and Cooper 
 Rivers. 
 
 Before the war it was the largest 
 cotton harbor of America; Since 
 which time large mines of excellent 
 phosphate have been discovered near 
 the Ashley river. Charleston is an 
 important business center for wood, 
 rice, fruits and industries. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 F. Melchers, 11 Satte St., Charle- 
 ston S. C. 
 
 Wm. Roach & Sons, P. O. Box 
 192, Chax-leston S. C. 
 
 387 
 
COLUMBIA, S. C. 
 
 The capital in the center of the 
 State and the second largest city of 
 South Carolina. 
 
 It is a beautiful city, situated on 
 the bluffs of the Congaree, a few 
 miles below the charming falls of 
 that river. It is famous for its 
 delightfully wide shaded streets, its 
 wonderful flower- gardens and the 
 model plantations in its vicinity. 
 
 GEORGETOWN, S. C. 
 One of the oldest settlements in 
 South Carolina, about 15 miles 
 from the sea, on Winyaw Ba)^ near 
 the junction of the Pedee, Black, 
 and Waccamaw Rivers. Remarkable 
 for its maritime commerce. 
 
 Railroad: Georgetown & Western 
 R. R. 
 
 GREENVILLE, S. C. 
 The third largest city of South 
 Carolina, having a population of no 
 less than 8,607. It is beautifully 
 situated on the Reedy River, near- 
 its source. 
 
 The Table Mouniatn is in Pickens 
 District, about 20 miles above Green- 
 ville. It is one of the most remark- 
 able of the natural wonders of the 
 State, rising as it does 4,300 feet 
 above the sea, with a long extent on 
 one side of perpendicular cliffs, 1,000 
 feet in height. 
 
 Railroads: Richmond & Danville 
 R. R. 
 
 SPARTANBURG, S. C. 
 
 One of the most important towns 
 of South Carolina, 455 mis. from 
 Washington, D. C, and 690 from 
 New Orleans, having a population of 
 5,544, pleasantly situated in the midst 
 of a region famous for its gold and 
 iron, and much resorted to in summer 
 by people from Charleston and the 
 lowlands. Near Spartanburg are the 
 Glenn Springs, whose waters are 
 strongly impregnated with sulphur, 
 and recommended for rheumatism 
 and dyspepsia; and the Limestone 
 Spring, a chalybeate possessing 
 valuable tonic properties. 
 
 Railroad: Richmond & Danville 
 R. R. 
 
 388 
 
SOUTH DAKOTA. 
 
 The name Dakota means "Allied" 
 or joined together in friendly compact, 
 and was applied to themselves by 
 the great Indian nation popularly 
 known as the Sioux. 
 
 South Dakota is from 43<> to 46" 
 North Latitude, and from 96" 20' to 
 104" Western Longitude. 
 
 The population of S. D. was in 
 1880: 98,268 
 1890 : 328,808. 
 
 ABERDEEN, S. D. 
 A town of some 3,200 inhab. on 
 the James River, in the northern 
 part of South Dakota. It has risen 
 since J 880, and possesses railways 
 radiating in seven directions, and 
 giving it a large jobbing trade. 
 
 DEADWOOD, S. D. 
 A mining- town of South Dakota 
 in the Black Hills, with a population 
 of about 2,500. Deadwood is united 
 to the East by thx-ee trunk railways, 
 and has several narrow-gange lines, 
 rimning to the mining camps of the 
 Black Hills. The city is Y-scaped, 
 WhUewood Gulch forming the trunk 
 and one prong, and Deadwood Gulch 
 forming the other prong of the Y. 
 The close - built business streets 
 follow these ravines, and above, on 
 
 the hill - sides, are residences, 
 commanding extensive views, as far 
 as sun-crowned Ferry's Peak. 
 Railroad: Deadwood Central. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, S. D. 
 The chief health - resort of South 
 Dakota, in the Blark Hills, 4,000 ft. 
 above the sea. A large hotel and 
 bath-houses accomodate visitors. For 
 centuries this locality had been a 
 favorite with Sioux and Cheyennes, 
 who held on to it until 1882. The 
 waters flow at a tempei'ature of 96", 
 and are charged with electricity and 
 minerals. 
 
 HURON, S. D. 
 
 A lively little town in South Dako- 
 ta, on the James River, with some 
 3,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Railroad: Chicago & Northwestern. 
 
 PIERRE, S. D. 
 
 The capital of South Dakota on 
 the Missouri River, stands at the 
 geographical center of the State, 
 near the site of old Forst Pierre 
 named for Chouteau of St. Louis, 
 one of the early fur traders. Pierre 
 has a population of 3,235. 
 
 Railroad: Chicago & North 
 Western. 
 
 389 
 
SIOUX FALLS, S. D. 
 
 The metropolis of South Dakota 
 on the Big Sioux River. It was laid 
 out in 1857, and destroyed by the 
 Sioux in 1862. In 1865 Fort Dakota 
 arose here, on a military reseiT'ation 
 6 mis. square; and when this was 
 evacuated, in 1870, a new village 
 sprang up, rising to 593 inhabitants 
 in 1873. It is now the chief- and 
 gate-city of the State, Math large 
 factories and quaixies, a score of 
 churches, and several colleges. The 
 Big Sioux River, a tributary of the 
 Missouri River, falls here 90 feet 
 within half a mile, sparkling clear. 
 
 and dominated by a beautiful island. 
 It has now some 10,000 inhabitants, 
 mostly busy in mines. 
 
 Railroads: Burlington, Cedar 
 Rapids & Northern; Chicago Mil- 
 waukee «& St. Paul; Chicago, St. Paul 
 & Minneapolis. 
 
 VERMILLON, S. D. 
 A village in South Dakota, on the 
 Missouri, mostly interesting as the 
 seat of the State University of South 
 Dakota opened in 1872. 
 
 Railroad: Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul. 
 
 390 
 
TEIHESSEE. 
 
 The landscape of Tennessee is 
 most varied and agreeable, though 
 none of the great natural wonders 
 of the Republic lie within her bord- 
 ers. Her mountain, valley, and river 
 sceneiy is exceedingly beautiful, and 
 will become famous as it becomes 
 known. The central portion of the 
 State, stretching from the mountains 
 to the Tennessee River, has a broken 
 surface, while beyond, towards the 
 Mississippi, which forms the western 
 boundarjr, the country is compara- 
 tively level. 
 
 Many valuable mineral products 
 are found here-coal and iron in 
 great abundance, and rich deposits 
 of copper. Gold, too, has been 
 detected, and silver, lead, zinc, man- 
 ganese, magnetic-iron ore, gypsum 
 of superior quality, and a great 
 variety of beautiful marbles, slate, 
 nitre, burrstones, and limestone. Salt 
 and mineral springs, the latter of 
 very valuable character, abound. 
 
 Immense quantities of live stock 
 are raised in Tennessee; more, in- 
 deed, than in any other part of the 
 Union. It is, too, a vast tobacco, 
 cotton, and corn-growing region. 
 Ths culture of hemp, buckwheat, rye, 
 oats, barley, maple, sugar, and many 
 other agricultural products occupy 
 the industry and contribute to the 
 wealth of the people. 
 
 The geogi-aphical position of Ten- 
 nessee is: northern Latitude from 
 35 » to 36" 35', and western Long- 
 itude from 81" 37' to 90" 15'. Its 
 population was in 1860: 1,109,801, 
 in 1890: 1,332,971; 434,300 of which 
 are colored. 
 
 CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. 
 
 On the Tennessee River, in the 
 southern part of the State, where its 
 boundary is touched by Alabama 
 and Georgia; It is an important 
 port, being only 34 mis. farther from 
 the Gulf of Mexico (by water), than 
 Cincinnati. The Tennessee is navig- 
 able two thirds of the year and at 
 all times for small boats, from the 
 Ohio to Chattanooga. The city 
 arose in 1836, at the intersection ot 
 the inter-state wagon-roads through 
 the mountains, and is now the con- 
 verging point of nine railways. It 
 has a population of some 29,000 and 
 is the third largest town of Ten- 
 nessee. ■ 
 
 Railroads : Cincinnati, New Or- 
 leans & Texas Pacific; East Ten- 
 nessee, Virginia & Georgia; Nash- 
 ville; Chattanooga & St. Louis. 
 
 KNOXVILLE, Tenn. 
 
 "The Queen City of the Mountains", 
 on the Holston river, and once the 
 capital of Tennessee, a very im- 
 portant city of 22,535 inh., beauti- 
 fully situated on the hills above the 
 upper Tennessee River, with valu- 
 able railway connections, and a 
 country trade of $ 25,000,000 a year. 
 
 In the vicinity of Knoxville, on a 
 far-viewing hill, is the University of 
 Tennessee, organized in 1794 and 
 opened in 1807. 
 
 Railroads : Knoxville, Cumberland 
 Gap & Louisville; Knoxville & 
 Augusta; Knoxville & New River. 
 
 391 
 
MEMPHIS, Tenn. 
 
 The second laigest city of Ten- 
 nessee with 64,495 inh., on the 
 Fourth Chickasaw Bluff, its wide 
 esplanade overlooking the Missis- 
 sippi River, with ten converging 
 railways and fourteen steamboat- 
 lines, an enormous wholesale and 
 cotton trade, and cotton -seed -oil 
 mills. The costly railway bridge, 
 built here across the Mississippi 
 River, gives Memphis a vast South- 
 western trade. The city presents a 
 striking appearance as seen from the 
 water, with its esplanade several 
 hundred feet in width sweeping 
 along the bluff and covered with 
 large warehouses. 
 
 Railroads: Illinois Central; Louis- 
 ville, New Orleans & Texas; Louis- 
 ville & Nashville; St. Louis Iron 
 Mountain & Southern; Tennessee 
 Midland; East Tennessee, Virginia 
 & Georgia; Memphis & Birmingham. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 R, D. Nesbit. Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 John H. Slater, 13 Madison St., 
 Memphis Tenn. 
 
 Zimmerman Bros, Memphis Tenn. 
 
 NASHVILLE, Tenn. 
 
 The chief city of Tennessee with 
 76,168 inh., most agreeably situated 
 on the south side of Cumberland 
 River, and at the head of steamboat 
 navigation. 
 
 The capitol, in its bold position 
 175 feet above the river, and in its 
 elegant and costly architecture, is a 
 
 very imposing structure. Here is 
 the University of Nashville, founded 
 in 1735. Its Medical School has 
 over 200 students. The Mineral 
 Cabinet of the late Dr. Troost is 
 the richest private collection in the 
 United States. The Watkins In- 
 stitute contains the Historical So- 
 ciety, city library and art school. 
 
 The foremost city in the world for 
 manufacturing hard -wood lumber, 
 the largest floiu"-milling city in the 
 South, and the second jobbing city 
 in the South. Its mcorporated 
 companies represent .a capital of 
 $ 90,000,000. 
 
 Railroads: LouisviUe & Nashville; 
 Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd ; 
 W. G. Duckworth & Co., Nashville 
 Tenn. 
 
 W. B. Fisher, 329 N. Cherry St., 
 Nashville Tenn. 
 
 THE TENNESSEE CAVES AND 
 MOUNDS. 
 
 The traveller should not fail to 
 see some of the numerous caves in 
 the Cumberland Mountains. Upon 
 the Enchanted Rock, here, are some 
 singular impressions of the feet of 
 men and animals. In Coffee County, 
 not far from Manchester, there is 
 an ancient stone fort, enclosed by a 
 wall, upon which trees are growing, 
 whose age is supposed to exceed 500 
 years. This mysterious fortification 
 is situated between two rivers, and 
 occupies some 47 acres. 
 
 302 
 
TEXAS. 
 
 In 1680 La Salle, the great French 
 explorer, penetrated the immense 
 southwestern country of which Texas 
 is a part. Of the Spanish, Alonzo 
 de Leon made the first attempt to 
 settle Texas, and in 1691 a governor 
 and troops were sent here by Spain, 
 La Salle called the country Louisiana, 
 for Louis XIV, The Spaniards named 
 it NewPhilipines.in honor of Philip V. 
 San Antonio, the oldest European 
 settlement in Texas, was founded in 
 1693; Goliad and Nacogdoches in 
 1727. The foundation of the Alanio 
 was laid in 1744, ^^^ ^^s denom- 
 inated a mission. Prior to 1820 
 Texas was ruled by governors. In 
 1823 Stephen F. Austin arrived with 
 colonists, when, the Mexican States 
 of Coahulia and Texas constituted 
 one government, with their capital 
 at SaJtillo. Complaints of failure, 
 by these, to the Mexican government 
 finally lead to the revolution of 
 1835. On March 2, 1836, Texas 
 declared itself a free and independent 
 government, adopting a constitution 
 on the seventeenth of the same month. 
 The first Pesident was David G. 
 Burnet. General Sam. Houston was 
 made cominander-in-chief of the 
 Texas forces, and after terrible fights 
 and struggles, the heroic band, only 
 one- third m numbers of their enemies, 
 gained the decisive battle of San 
 Jacinto on April 21, 1836. The 
 aimexation of Texas to the United 
 States took placfe in 1845. The State 
 seceded from the Union Februar 1, 
 1861. In 1870 it was re-admitted. 
 
 Texas, by much the largest State 
 in the United Stales, contains 274,356 
 
 square miles, exclusive of bays and 
 lakes. It extends from the twenty- 
 sixth parallel of north latitude to 
 thirty -sixth and one -half north 
 latitude, and from the sixteenth to 
 the thirteenth meridian of longitude 
 west from Washington. The more 
 clearly to illustrate its size, it is 
 observed that it is a little more than 
 equal in area to Maine, New Hamp- 
 shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 
 Island, Connecticut, New York, 
 Pennsylvania, New jersey, Delaware, 
 Maryland,Ohio and Indiana combined. 
 Compared with European countries — 
 than which it is larger than any 
 except Russia — it is equal to England, 
 Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Holland, 
 Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, 
 Greece and Turkey combined. 
 
 The inhabitants of Texas have come 
 from nearly every State in the Union, 
 and many from across the ocean 
 direct. For these reasons society is 
 cosmopolitan in its character, with 
 the utmost political and religious 
 freedom existing. 
 
 In 1890, Texas had a population 
 of 2,300,000, since wich time there 
 has been a large increase. 
 
 Climate — For the greater portion 
 of the year the climate in Texas 
 is mild, the temperature ranging from 
 32 to 96, but during the spring, fall 
 and part of the winter it usually 
 stands from 50 to 70. This mild 
 winter weather admits of outdoor 
 work abnost every day in the year. 
 The Norther (a cold wdnd) moves 
 the temperature down at a rapid 
 rate, and!^ makes overcoats and. fires 
 a necessity, but it is also very 
 
 393 
 
bracing for the people, and is the 
 piiinaiy cause of the salubrity of 
 the climate. The summer in all parts 
 of Texas is made refreshing by 
 breezes from the Gulf. Sunstrokes 
 are rare. Any building having a 
 southern exposm-e is always cool, 
 and on the Gulf and in the prairie 
 regions covering is needed almost 
 every night in the 'yeai-. 
 
 ABILENE, Tex. 
 County seat of Taylor County, is 
 an incorporated city with 3,194 
 inhabitants, surrounded on all sides 
 by attractive feirms and ranches. It 
 is the shipping point for a number 
 of counties lying north and south of 
 the Texas & Pacific Railway, and 
 was first settled in l88l. It contains 
 a number of fine church buildings, 
 one of the best high schools in the 
 West, a flouring mill, large public 
 school, grain elevator, several good 
 hotels, an ice factor}^, 2 cotton gins, 
 2 com mills, 3 national banks, water- 
 works and a fire depai-tment, brick 
 yards, opera house and hundreds of 
 attractive residence buildings. The 
 business portion of the town is 
 mainly built of brick. 
 
 AUSTIN, Tex. 
 
 Has a population of 30,000, prin- 
 cipally engaged in mercantile and 
 manufacturing business. Austin, the 
 capital of Texas, and one of the 
 most enterprising cities of the Lone 
 Star State, is build upon more hills 
 than Rome, and derives much pict- 
 uresqueness and variety from this 
 fact. The principal street gradually 
 rises from the Colorado River to 
 the Capitol Building, which occupies 
 a commanding eminence almost in 
 the centre of the city. This magnifi- 
 cent structure stands pre-eminent 
 among the State capitols of the nation, 
 as one of the handsomest and most 
 substantial, ranking as seventh in 
 size of the large buildino^s of the world. 
 The city is regularly laid out, with 
 unusually broad streets and avenues, 
 and possesses many handsome pu- 
 blic buildings and residences. 
 
 The climate is mild and fairly 
 equable, with just enough cold 
 weather to remind one that winter 
 is one of the four seasons, but with 
 
 scarcely a day not suitable for out- 
 door hfc. Durino; the summer the 
 near presence of Lake Mc Donald 
 and the timbered hills surrounding- 
 it, makes Austin in every way de- 
 sirable for invalids. 
 
 Lake Mc Donald is comparatively 
 a new feature, and owes its chai-ming 
 existence to the great dam recently 
 constructed across the Colorado 
 River, an enterprise which is the 
 pride and boast of every citizen. 
 This dam is really one of the won- 
 ders of the world, over 1,400 feet in 
 length, seventy feet high and sixty 
 feet wide at the base. It is built of 
 solid granite, as firm as the everlast- 
 ing hills, and causes a waterfall 
 second in size and beauty to Niagara. 
 The power-house at the dam not 
 only supplies the city with water 
 and the most perfect electric lighting 
 system in the country, but there is 
 a surplus of 10,000- horse- power 
 available for manufacturing purposes, 
 inducing the promoters ol the enter- 
 prise to believe that Austin is destin- 
 ed to become the greatest manufact- 
 uring centre in the Southwest. The 
 lake, formed by the dam, is the larg- 
 est arlificial lake in the world, being 
 nearly 30 miles long, over 1,000 
 feet in width and 40 to 60 feet deep. 
 
 At this point? the junction of the 
 International & Great Northern R, R. 
 with the Houston & Texas Central 
 Ry. and the Austin & Northwestern 
 Ry., is made. 
 
 There are twenty-three churches, 
 many of them magnificent edifices, 
 representing in this city all the prin- 
 cipal denominations. In addition to 
 fourteen city schools, there are nume- 
 rous private and sectarian schools and 
 colleges, among which, St. Edward's 
 College and St. Mary's College. 
 
 Public Buildings. The following 
 State institutions are located at 
 Austin: The magnificent granite 
 Capitol Building, the State Deaf 
 Institute, the State Blind Institute, 
 and the State Asylum for indigent 
 colored people. 
 
 Hotels. Austin has one magnificent 
 hotel building, the Driskill ; and also 
 the Avenue, Salge and Orr Hotels, 
 besides numerous smaller hotels and 
 boarding houses, at all of which the 
 accommodations arc good. 
 
 894 
 
BONHAM, Tex. 
 
 County seat of Fanning County; 
 population, 3,3oo. 
 
 Bonham is a progressive town, on 
 the Texas & Pacific Railway. It is 
 substantially built, and transacts a 
 large busiaess in grain, flour and 
 other local products. It has several 
 good colleges, a number of chuxches, 
 3 banks, a handsome and well- 
 appointed opera house, 4 newspapers, 
 2 flouring mills, an ice factory, 
 cotton seed oil mill, cotton compress, 
 planing mill, 2 cotton gins and a 
 furniture factory. It is surrounded 
 by what is conceded to be one of 
 the finest agricultural districts of the 
 State. 
 
 BOWIE, Tex. 
 
 On the Texas, Pan Handle Route, 
 Population, 3,000; from Fort Worth, 
 68 miles; elevation, 1,128 feet. — Is 
 situated in the Cross Timbers, in 
 the southwestern part of Montague 
 County. It is the commercial center 
 for a surrounding country rich in 
 cattle and the products of farm and 
 orchard. 
 
 CLARKSVILLE, Tex. 
 County seat of Red Rose County, 
 with a population of 1600, situat-ed 
 in the center of a rich agricultural 
 district. It has a fine public school 
 building, churches of the various 
 denominations, a convent, a hand- 
 some and commodious court-house, 
 two banks, a steam planing mill, saw 
 mill, grist mill, cotton gin, and two 
 newspapers. The principal shipments 
 are cotton, hides, grain and live stock. 
 The population is progressive, and 
 enjoys the modem conveniences 
 common to towns of its dimensions. 
 
 CORSICANA, Tex. 
 The county seat of Navarro County, 
 became a railroad point in 1872, 
 upon the advent of the Houston & 
 Texas Central Railway. In 1878 the 
 Cotton Belt Railway also reached 
 this point, which is also the initial 
 point of the Corsicana & Hillsboro 
 branch of the same railway. Corsi- 
 cana has about 8,oco inhabitants, a 
 progressive, well-to-do and energetic 
 
 Eeople. It is an incorporated city, 
 avmg a fine water works system, 
 free mail delivery, a complete sewer- 
 
 age system, an electric light and gas 
 plEint, several wholesale houses, a 
 public park, numerous charitable and 
 literary societies, churches and good 
 schools. The greater part of the 
 business portion is constructed of 
 brick, many of the business houses 
 being elegant structures of two and 
 three stories. The residence portion 
 contain? a nimiber of very attractive 
 buildings, situated on broad, graded 
 and well-shaded avenues. Among 
 the commercial features are 3 natio- 
 nal banks, a commercial club, a 
 commodious opera house, a splendid 
 court house, a fine three-story brick 
 hotel, and several sm2dler ones. 
 Corsicana has 2 cotton compresses, 
 which handled 100,000 bales of 
 cotton last season, 2 cotton oil mills, 
 capable of handling 250 tons of 
 seed per day, a large roller flouring 
 mill, capacity 20O barrels per day, 
 and a roller corn mill, a fifteen-ton 
 ice plant, bottlipg works, iron and 
 brass foundry, 3 planing mUls, 2 
 brick yards, broom factory, and 2 
 large cotton gins. 
 
 DALLAS, Tex. 
 
 Is a prosperous and rapidly grow- 
 ing city, situated at the crossing 
 of the Trinity River by the Texas 
 & Pacific Railway. It is 315 miles 
 from Galveston, 515 from New 
 Orleans, and 660 from St. Louis. 
 A more advantageous site for a city 
 could scarcely have been selected. 
 It lies upon a plateau 20 to 30 feet 
 higher than the river, upon the right 
 bank of which it is built The first 
 settlement was made by John Neely 
 Bryan, about the year 184O, on the 
 tract of land on which the city is 
 now situated. A few years later, emi- 
 grants from Kentucky, Missouri, 
 Tennessee and Illinois settled in the 
 same neighborhood, and laid the 
 foundation of a city that was to be. 
 In 1870 it had a population of 700; 
 in 1880, 10,267; and in 1890, with 
 its surbubs, 41,011. Since then, the 
 population has continued to increase 
 m about the same ratio. As a 
 manufacturing and commercial center 
 it is, perhaps, the most important in 
 the State, being, as it is, in a rich 
 agricultural region, well supplied 
 with raw materials necessary for 
 
 395 
 
 18 
 
maniifaciure, and having unexcelled 
 facilities for the transportation and 
 distribution of its products. 
 
 The principal industries ai'e 
 represented by seven large floming 
 and grist mills, a very large cotton 
 and woolen factory, the product of 
 which finds a ready sale, wherever 
 offered; 1 cotton- seed oil mill, 4 
 clothing and underwear factories, 1 
 lai-ge cotton compress, 1 large boot 
 and shoe factory, 8 saddle and 
 harness factories, 4 cigai- factories, 
 2 large foundries, 4 sheet iron and 
 cornice factories, 5 large carriage 
 and wagon factories, 6 planing, 
 grooving and tumixig factories, 1 
 trunk factory, 3 broom factories, 4 
 cotton gin and press factories, 2 chair 
 and furniture factories, l paper mill, 
 1 paper bag factory, 2 lithographing 
 establishments, 1 brass foundry, 
 several lime kilns, 5 pressed-brick 
 yards, 5 stone yards, 2 soap factories, 
 1 cooperage and hollow-ware factory, 
 8 nurseries and green houses, 3 candy 
 factories, l coffee and spice mill, l 
 soda and mineral water factory, 2 
 manufacturing jewelry etablishments, 
 1 jelly and preserve factory, 2 ice 
 factories, 1 large brewery, l spring- 
 bed and awning factory, 3 water 
 works companies, in addition to the 
 ])ublic water works, maintained by the 
 city. Within a year or two past the 
 slaughtering and packing of beef and 
 jiork has become very important 
 and a very large meat packery is in 
 full operation. Connected with it 
 ;ire suitable smoke-houses and pick- 
 ling va.ts, making it possible to turn 
 nut any desired quantity of hams, 
 bacon, lard or refrigerated beef. 
 
 The value of Dallas as a distribu- 
 ting point is well appreciated by the 
 manufacturers of agricultural im- 
 plements, machinery, wagons, etc., 
 pumping machinery, wmd mills, 
 boilers and engines, in other cities, 
 as nearly all important establishments 
 in these lines have branch houses 
 here, and many manufacturing con- 
 cerns like the Lone Star Salt Works, 
 and the various lumber companies, 
 have their general offices in Dallas, 
 while their works ai'c located wherfe 
 ihe raw material is. 
 
 The facilities for trjinsportation to 
 and from Dallas consist of the Texas 
 
 I & Pacific Railway, Main Line, which 
 has its general offices here and 
 extends from New Orleans to El Paso, 
 where connection is made with lines, 
 leading to Mexico, California and all 
 points in the southwest; the Dallas 
 & Wichita Branch, the Dallas & Green- 
 ville Branch, and the Dallas & Hills- 
 boro Branch of the Missouri, Kamsas 
 & Texas Railway; the Gulf, Colorado 
 &; Santa Fe; the Texas Trunk Rail- 
 way, and the Houston & Texas 
 Central Railway. The Trinity River 
 is being improved and made nav- 
 igable to large bodies of timber 
 lying below Dallas, which are being 
 utilized in the mcinufacture of fruit 
 boxes, crates, barrels, fuel, and fence 
 posts. Two steamboats are used for 
 the transportation of this material. 
 The improvements of the river have 
 been made at private expense. It 
 is hoped that the river will be cleared 
 far enough to reach the pineries on 
 the river, when saw mills will be 
 erected and lumber be brought to 
 Dallas by water. 
 
 The streets in the city are generally 
 from 80 to 120 feet in width. In the 
 business portion about 22 miles of 
 streets are paved with bois d'arc, 
 covering the same with a smooth, 
 hard smface of the greatest durability. 
 The streets in the residence portion 
 are usually lined with shade trees, 
 and are macadamized; nearly all 
 sidewalks are made of either stone, 
 cement or brick. Most of the street 
 car lines use electricity, and in all 
 28 miles are operated. The city has 
 an excellent fire department with the 
 Gamewell system of fire alarm. 
 The municipal water works cire large 
 and complete. Good water is had 
 in abundance in Dallas and its sub- 
 urbs, for, in addition to the munic- 
 ipal water supply, there are 3 water 
 companies, and 20 or 30 large arte- 
 sian wells owned by individuals. 
 These wells Vciry in depth from 750 
 to 1,000 feet and have a daily flow, 
 varying from 100,000 to 350,000 
 gallons. The police department is 
 thoroughly organized and effective, 
 and no city is more orderly than^ 
 Dallas. City parks, hospitals, 2 large 
 natatoriums, a gymnasium, and a 
 German athletic society, numerous 
 charitable and benevolent societies, 
 
 396 
 
add materially to tke general sanitary 
 condition of the city and the comfort 
 of its inhabitants. The social, literaiy 
 and professional societies number 92, 
 and of church buildings there are 
 36, representing all known denomina- 
 tions. The public school systeni of 
 Dallas is worthy of special mention. 
 It consists of 20 elegant and roomy 
 buildings, in which 63 white and 15 
 colored teachers are employed; 5,575 
 pupils being annually enrolled. These 
 schools are public and free to all 
 resident children between 8 and 18 
 years of age. In addition to the 
 public school system the city has 24 
 private schools, with some 60 teachers. 
 There are also a number of musical 
 and art studios, telegraphic, short- 
 hand and commercial schools. Among 
 the higher grades of private educa- 
 tional undertakings may be mentioned 
 St. Mai-y's Institute for young ladies, 
 erected and maintained imder the 
 auspices of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Chiurch; the Ursuline Academy, 
 under the management of the Ursuline 
 Ladies, is a well known institution 
 that offers educational facilities of a 
 high order. The Fort Worth and 
 Dallas business Colleges, Hobson's 
 Phonographic Institute and HUl's 
 Business College are well and fa- 
 vorably known throughout the State. 
 
 A club house, an opera house, a 
 merchants exchange, a city hall, a 
 court house, are some of the more 
 conspicuous buildings. The Oriental 
 Hotel, costing $ 600,000, is the fin- 
 est structure of its kind in the South- 
 west. Other Hotels are "The Grand 
 ¥7indsor, St. James, Mc. Leod", etc. 
 
 The headquarters of the Texas 
 State Fair and Dallas Exposition are 
 also in Dallas. It covers 120 acres, 
 with all requisite buildings, such as 
 a horticultural hall, a machinery hall, 
 a general main building, etc.; about 
 5 miles of graveled drives^ walks, 
 stalls for thousands of head of live 
 stock, etc. The race track is un- 
 surpassed anywhere. These and other 
 improvements have cost over half a 
 million, but they are appreciated by 
 the people of the State, as the annual 
 attendance at the fair is generally 
 from 200,000 to 400,000 people. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lioyd : 
 
 Star S. Jones, Dallas, Tex. 
 
 DECATTIR, Tex. 
 
 On the Texas, Pan Handle Route, 
 Population 4,400; from Wichita Falls, 
 74 miles; Fort Worth, 40 miles; 
 elevation, 1,062 feet. — The seat of 
 Wise County; is situated on an emin- 
 ence. The two most conspicuous 
 buildings are the court-house, and 
 the high school. 
 
 DENISON, Tex. 
 
 Is situated in the northeastern 
 portion of the county, about three 
 miles south from Red River and 
 nine miles northeast of Sherman, 
 the county seat. It is built upon 
 high ground almost as level as a 
 floor, surrounded by moderate ele- 
 vations, it occupies an ideal site for 
 a city. It is laid off in broad and 
 well kept streets and avenues, lined 
 on either side with handsome business 
 blocks, churches, school houses and 
 residences. The Missouri, Kansas 
 & Texas Railway, the Houston & 
 Texas Central Railway and the Texas 
 & Pacific Railway, fumisli excellent 
 transportation facilities. The educa- 
 tional facilities are of the highest 
 order, the city maintaining 6 com- 
 modious brick school buildings and 
 a staff of 40 efficient teachers. The 
 private institutions are of high grade. 
 There are 17 church organizations, 
 1 opfera house, 3 national banks, 
 3 daily and 5 weekly newspapers. 
 The city is supplied with gas works, 
 water works, electric light, a fire 
 department, a street car system and 
 a suburban line; also an ice factory, 
 brick yards, cotton gins, flour and 
 planing mills, a brewery, soap 
 factory, fruit cannery, and a large 
 cotton mill, employmg 700 hands. 
 Coal, ore, water and raw material of 
 various kinds, necessary to build a 
 large city, are within easy reach. 
 
 EL PASO, Tex. 
 
 13,000 inhabitants; the most im- 
 portant place in El Paso County. 
 
 The city of El Paso is 646 miles 
 west of Dallas, and lies 3,670 feet 
 above sea level. It is pictuiesquely 
 lockted between Mount Franklin on 
 the Awesican Side, and the Sierra 
 
 897 
 
 18* 
 
Madre on the Mexican side of the 
 river. Its fame as a health resort 
 has made it the objective point of 
 many wealthy tourists and travelers. 
 Up to the year l88o it was a stag- 
 nant Mexican village, but with the 
 advent of the several railway lines 
 it was suddenly converted into an 
 active modem A^merican city, with 
 handsome business blocks, elegant 
 brick residences, telephone and tele- 
 graph lines, street railways, electric 
 light, waterworks, fire department, 
 a magnificent court house im- 
 surpassed for beauty of architecture, 
 and two large smelting works. It is 
 the best and most substantially built 
 city in all Texas. The small private 
 enterprises consist of ice and 
 refrigerating works, a foundrj^, cornice 
 works, 3 banks, 3 daily and l weekly 
 newspapers, and some 250 mercantile 
 establishments. 
 
 FORT WORTH, Tex. 
 
 Forth Worth is situated in the 
 exact center of Tarrant County, of 
 which it is the judicial seat. It oc- 
 cupies a high rolling platform, some 
 640 feet in altitude above sea level, 
 It has excellent naturjd drainage, 
 and is one of the healthiest cities in 
 the State. It is 253 miles southwest 
 of Texarkana, 32 miles west of 
 Dallas, and 95 miles southwest of 
 Denison. In 1849, a U. S. military 
 post was established here by Brev. 
 Major Arnold, who named the post 
 Fort Worth, in honor of Gen. Wm. 
 J. Worth, who was then Command- 
 ant of the district. 
 
 It is a vigorous, enterprising and 
 successful commercial and manufac- 
 turing point, having enjoyed a steady 
 and uniform growth for a number 
 of consecutive years. It has long 
 been the distributing point for the 
 live stock trade of the vast territory 
 west and northwest of it, and more 
 recently it has added to its already 
 large business the enormous grain 
 trade of the Texas Panhandle, 
 
 In 1876, Fort Worth had 1,123 
 inhabitants, and in that year the 
 Texas & Pacific Railway was built 
 to it. Ten years later it had grown 
 to be a country town of 5,500 in- 
 habitants, and at the present time 
 
 it IS a flourishing comiiiercial niajili- 
 factming and railroad center of over 
 40,000 inhabitants. 
 
 In the matter of railway trans- 
 portation, Fort Worth is exception- 
 ally well provided, as the following 
 named lines form a junction here: 
 The Texas & Pacific Railway main 
 line passes through the city on its 
 way from New Orletms and Texar- 
 kana to El Paso; the Transcon- 
 tinental Branch, extending from 
 Texarkana by way of Paris and 
 Sherman to Fort Worth, joins the 
 main line here. The St. Louis South- 
 western Railway has here the ter- 
 minus of its Fort Worth and Green- 
 ville Branch. It is also the uiitial 
 point for the Fort Worth & Rio 
 Grande Railway, the Fort Worth & 
 Denver City Railway, and the south- 
 em "terminus of the Chicago, Rock 
 Island & Pacific Railway. The main 
 line of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas 
 Railway also pass through Fort 
 Worth. A branch of the Houston & 
 Texas Central Railway extends from 
 Forth Worth to Garrett, Texas. 
 Three of these railways have shops 
 at Fort Worth, where a considerable 
 number of men are employed. 
 
 There are about 40 miles of electric 
 street car lines in operation, affording 
 excellent means of quick and easy 
 transportation within the city. Of 
 graded and macadamized streets there 
 are about 100 miles, which are kept 
 in perfect condition. Most of them 
 are bordered by sidewalks, construct- 
 ed either of flagging, brick or cement. 
 In the residence parts of the town they 
 are generally shaded by rows of 
 trees. 
 
 The water supply of the city is 
 obtained from about 300 artesian 
 wells, a few of which flow as much 
 as 300,000 gallons per day. They 
 vary in depth from 114 to 2000 feet. 
 The deep wells are strong in their 
 flow, and permanent. The shallow 
 wells, which used to discharge freely, 
 are now generally pumped. The 
 water obtained, is sweet, wholesome, 
 and very pure. One of the many 
 attractions is the Natatorium, a struc- 
 ture admirably fitted up in every 
 way, and containing a large swimming 
 pool. The Mimicipal Water Works 
 
 .398 
 
secure their water from the Clear 
 Fork of the Brazos, and have an 
 elaborate system of dams, ptmips, 
 mains, and hydrants, bringing all 
 parts of the city within the limits of 
 fire protection. 
 
 The public buildings, in number, 
 size and style, rank with those of 
 any other city of its age in the 
 coimtry. Of the 19 churches, some 
 are magnificent structures, and the 
 Board of Trade, Club, and Library 
 buildings are among the best in the 
 State. 
 
 The public school system of Fort 
 Worth, under municipal control, is 
 worthy of the local praise bestowed 
 upon it. There are 4,219 pupils 
 enrolled, and, for their comfort and 
 education, i8 large and modem 
 school buildiags are maintained. 
 70 teachers are employed in these 
 schools. 
 
 There are also a large number of 
 private schools, and the Fort Worth 
 University, an educational institution 
 justly famous in all parts of the State. 
 
 The city is lighted by electricity, 
 the electric light plant and the water 
 works being the property of the city. 
 The fire department is equal to the 
 times, has all modern appliances for, 
 fire fighting, and. a very complete 
 electric alarm system. The police 
 department will compare favorably 
 with that of any other city of equal 
 population. The natural drainage 
 of the city is excellent, but with the 
 60 miles of sewers alrea-dy construct- 
 ed, little more can be desired in 
 regard to sanitary arrangements. 
 
 The city has a hundred or more 
 of larger and smaller industrial enter- 
 prises. The principal enterprises 
 are the gas works, an arc electric 
 light plant, 5 grain elevators^ capacity 
 850,000 bushels; 4 roller mills, 
 capacity, 1,500 barrels of flour per 
 day; two stock yards, more fully de- 
 scribed below; several ice factories, 
 a stove foundry, a moss collar factory, 
 a windmill and pump and general 
 water-supply implement company, 
 several large agricultural implement 
 houses; boot and shoe, jute bagging, 
 cracker, excelsior, awning and tent, 
 baking powder, wagon, carriage, and 
 woven wire and cot factories, one 
 of the most extensive breweries in 
 
 the State, two tanneiies, several 
 lithographing establishments, 39 job- 
 bing houses, and a woolen factory. 
 
 The hotel accomodations of Fort 
 Worth are, in every respect excellent, 
 and two or three of the hotels in 
 Fort Worth will compare favorably 
 with any in the Southwest. 
 
 The Fort Worth Union Stock 
 Yards. Have over 500 acres of 
 ground, a larger tract of land than 
 that owned by any stock yards in 
 the West for similar purposes, and 
 one that for drainage, convenience 
 of location, and railroad shipping 
 facilities, could not be improved on. 
 There are ample yards, pens and 
 sheds, and a commodious building 
 for a hotel, live stock exchange, and 
 offices of commission merchants. A 
 good market is here established for 
 cattle, hogs, sheep, horses and mules. 
 
 The Fort Worth Packing House. 
 The largest institution of its kind in 
 the South, and the most extensive 
 south of St. Louis and Kansas City, 
 is now in active operation, and 
 represents in ground, buildings, 
 machinery and working capital, an 
 outlay of over $ 600,000, and has a 
 daily capacity of 1,500 hogs, and 
 2 So cattle. 
 
 GALVESTON, Tex. 
 
 Population 55,000. Railroads; In- 
 ternational & Great Northern, Gulf, 
 Colorado & Santa Fe and Missouri, 
 Kansas & Texas. 
 
 The City is located on the east 
 end of Galvestoh Island. The island 
 is about 30 miles long and from 3 
 to 5 miles wide. Bolivar Peninsula, 
 a strip of the main land, is prolonged 
 to the southwest, so that it is prac- 
 tically parallel to the Island and is 
 its counterpart in all but complete 
 isolation. These two breakwaters 
 protect the Bay of Galveston, which 
 has an area of 155 square miles, 
 making it one of the safest and best 
 harbors in the world. The entrance 
 to the Bay is between the Island 
 and the Peninsula, is one mile and 
 a half wide, and by reason of work 
 done by the Government, is of suffi- 
 cient depth at the bar to float the 
 largest vessel. Ocean steamers, draw- 
 ing as much as 22 ffeet of water, are 
 now enabled to go safely and conven- 
 
 399 
 
iently to anchor, alongside its 
 wharves. The many beautiful homes, 
 fine churches, and numerous schools 
 of Galveston, testify to its superior 
 advantages as a residence city. 
 Located on a island, visitors enjoy, 
 to the full extent the benefits of the 
 delicious and unceasing Gulf breezes, 
 which render pleasant a summer 
 which would ■ otherwise be of 
 tropical heat. During the winter, 
 the pleasant simshine and summer 
 verdure recall a perfect May-day in 
 some Northern State. There are 
 two large first-class hotels, excellent 
 beaches for bathing, and superb 
 fishing. The sandy soil is capable 
 of producing fruits, vegetables and 
 berries of all kinds, strawbenies 
 particularly. The climate is salu- 
 brious and in fact is delightful al- 
 most !the entire year, Galveston being 
 the summer resort for the interior 
 of Texas, The Gulf breeze every 
 evening is cool and refreshing. The 
 water supply is abundant from artesian 
 weUs, located on the main land, 
 
 Siped into the city under the bay. 
 ot withstanding Galveston is largely 
 interested in exports, and so many 
 foreign ships enter it, it is one of 
 the healthiest cities in the South, 
 and is under most excellent sanitary 
 supervision. It is the largest shipping 
 port on the Gulf, the shipments of 
 cotton alone amounting to over6oO,000 
 bales. 
 
 The shipping facilities are being 
 largely increased by the expenditure 
 of $6,200,000 by the United States 
 Government on jetties, which, when 
 completed, will extend a distance of 
 6 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; the 
 present depth of water obtained is 
 22 feet at low tide; which is suffi- 
 cient for all but the very largest 
 ocean vessels. The city is provided with 
 an excellent system of electric street 
 railroads; ten public fountains, and 
 other public conveniences. 
 
 One of the largest hospitals in the 
 South is located at Galveston, also 
 an orphan's home, an old woman's 
 home, and numerous other charitable 
 institutions. 
 
 The principal hotels are the Beach, 
 Tremont and Grand. The Beach 
 is a summer resort unsurpassed 
 anywhere on the Gulf or Atlantic 
 
 coast. There are numerous tropical 
 gardens, public pairks and drives in 
 the city, providing ample recreation 
 for visitors and residents. 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 J. B. Bartholomew, Traffic Mgr. 
 Malbor yLines, Galveston, Tex. 
 W. W. Wilson, Galveston, Tex. 
 
 GEORGETOWN, Tex. 
 
 The County seat of Williamson 
 County, and the northern terminus 
 of the branch railroad running from 
 Round Rock on the International & 
 Great Northern Railroad, to George- 
 town. Population about 3, SCO prin- 
 cipally engaged in farming and stock 
 raising. Water supply ample and 
 of fine quality. There are lO chiurch- 
 es, representing all the principal 
 religious denominations; l Isirge 
 public school, 1 Methodist school, 
 and the Southwest Texas University. 
 
 Public Buildings. — The South- 
 west Texas University has two very 
 large and commodious buildings. 
 The court house is located at this 
 point, and is a substantial structure, 
 as are also the jail and city hall. 
 There are a number of mineral wells 
 located in the suburbs of George- 
 town, the waters of which have been 
 analyzed, and found to be of fine 
 medicinal properties. 
 
 The Chautattqua. — The Texas 
 Chautauqua Assembly is one of the 
 great Sisterhood of Assemblies, of 
 which the original New York Chau- 
 tauqua is the model. The Texas 
 Chautauqua grounds, located at 
 Georgetown, embrace about 200 acres 
 of ground; has a fine system of 
 waterworks, and numerous fountains. 
 A splendid temple, floored and seated, 
 affords ample accommodation for a 
 vast multitude of people. 
 
 GREENVILLE, Tex. 
 County seat of Hunt County has 
 now about 8,000 inhabitants. It is 
 an Important railway center of great 
 commercial activity. It is an im- 
 portant point on the Missouri, Kan- 
 sas & Texas Railway, being the 
 freight and passenger division ter- 
 minus for the Denison & Mineola 
 Branch. It is the headquarters for 
 the Sherman, Shreveport & Southern 
 Railway, the northern terminus of 
 
 400 
 
the Texas Midland Railway, and an 
 important point on the Cotton Belt 
 Route. As many as 42 passenger 
 trains pass ra and out of Greenville 
 daily. 
 
 The city is located on the upper 
 waters of the Sabine River, and that 
 stream is dammed some distance 
 above, forming a reservoir from 
 which the city is supplied, through 
 an adequate system of water mains. 
 A sewerage system extends through 
 nearly all business streets and many 
 residence streets. There is also a 
 strong volunteer fire department. 
 The city has an elegant City Hall, 
 an electric light plant, telephone 
 exchange, and several large city 
 parks. The corporate limits of the 
 city cover 3,000 acres. The altitude 
 is 800 feet above sea level, and its 
 favorable situation gives it good, 
 natural drainage. The loccd industries 
 consist of, in addition to the shops 
 of the several railroads, a good 
 boiler, engine and general machine 
 works. There is a large planing and 
 general wood working plant, a flour- 
 ing mill, with a capacity of 100 bar- 
 rels per day, and a corn mill; two 
 saddle and harness factories, two 
 cotton oil mills of 115 tons daily 
 capacity, a cotton compress, which 
 handled 90,000 bales last season; a 
 50-ton ice factory, bottling works, a 
 woolen mill, a wagon and carriage 
 factory, several brick yards, galvan- 
 ized iron cornice works, two clothing 
 and one mattress factory. There 
 are in the city also two National 
 Banks, a lai'ge Opera House, some 
 12 attractive churches, a Baptist 
 College, and three daily and four 
 or five weekly newspapers. 
 
 HENRIETTA, Tex. 
 
 On the. Texas, Pan Handle Route, 
 Population, 3,000; from Wichita Falls, 
 19 miles; Fort Worth, 95 miles! 
 elevation, 896 feet. — The seat of 
 Clay County — with its $ 40,000 
 court-house — is located on an 
 eminence overlooking a broad extent 
 of country. 
 
 Among the many fine buildings, 
 business blocks, churches etc., the 
 new high school building is one of 
 which the people are very proud. 
 
 Henrietta has a roller mill of 
 
 401 
 
 stone, with a capacity of 200 barrels 
 per day, extensive stock yards, and 
 lumber yards. 
 
 HILLSBORO, Tex. 
 
 One of the most progressive and 
 prosperous of the smaller cities of 
 Central Texas, is the railroad, 
 commercial and geographical centre, 
 as well as the county seat, of Hill 
 County. It is a compact little city 
 of 5,000 inhabitants, with a promise 
 of continued prosperity and devel- 
 opment. The place is 35 or 40 years 
 old, but until the arrival of the 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway, 
 and the Corsicana & Hillsboro Branch 
 of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, 
 in 1882, was an obscure village of 
 a few hundred inhabitants. To-day 
 Hillsboro has the main lines,, and 
 the Dallas & Hillsboro Branch of the 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway, 
 placing the city in connection with 
 all leading cities in the State. 
 
 Among the more handsome build- 
 ings may be mentioned the fine 
 stone court house, erected at a cost 
 of $ 100,000, the county jail, the 
 4 public schools buildings, and the 
 numerous churches, most of which 
 are handsome, well designed edifices. 
 There are also many elegant and 
 beautiful private residences. 
 
 HOUSTON, Tex. 
 
 One of the principal cities in the 
 state, and the county seat of Harris 
 Coimty. 
 
 The Magnolia City, with a popula- 
 tion of about 70,000, was founded 
 in the year 1B37, and was the first 
 capital of Texas. Situated on Buifalo 
 Bayou, at the head of navigable tide- 
 water, it possesses the immensm-able 
 advantages attached to direct ocean 
 commimication. A loo-foot channel, 
 with a depth of from 15 to 20 feet,' 
 connects the city with Galveston 
 Bay, and the recent development of 
 deep water in Galveston Harbor, 
 together with work now being done 
 by the United States Government, 
 will enable the largest ocean vessels 
 to approach Houston. 
 
 Railroads. But it is to the rail- 
 roads that Houston owes its devel- 
 
 opment 
 different 
 
 and 
 liues 
 
 prosperity. 
 now enter 
 
 Fifteen 
 the city 
 
and others are building. The rail- 
 road shops employ nearly f.ooo men, 
 with a monthly pay roll of $250,000. 
 
 Climate. Houston enjoys a healthy, 
 semi-tropical climate, with a mean 
 summer temperature of 90 degrees, 
 tempered by constant trade winds 
 which blow continuously from the 
 gulf during the summer months. 
 The average winter temperature is 
 60 degrees. 
 
 Houston has many handsome public 
 and business buildings and beautiful 
 private residences. It has, also, the 
 finest electric railway system in the 
 South. The surrounding country is 
 covered with numerous forests of 
 pine, oak and other trees indigenous 
 to the locality, and the profusion of 
 magnolia groves in the suburbs has 
 given it the name of „The Magnolia 
 City." Its proximity to the gulf 
 coast, its delightful climate and its 
 many social attractions, combine to 
 make it one of the most desirable 
 health and pleasure resorts in the 
 South. There is a double daily fast 
 train service between St. Louis and 
 Houston, via the Iron Mountain 
 Route and its connections in Texas, 
 offering choice of two routes and a 
 delightful ride through the Ozark 
 Mountains and beautiful Afcadia 
 Valley by daylight. 
 
 The principal industries of the 
 county surroundiag Houston are 
 agriculture, truck farming, etc. In 
 the city the manufactming industries 
 are cotton compresses, breweries, 
 car wheel works and railroad shops. 
 There are 4 large cotton seed oil 
 mills, 4 large cotton compresses, a 
 natatorium, a large electric light and 
 power plant, gas works and artesian 
 water works. 
 
 Churches. All the religious 
 denominations are represented, there 
 being 49 churches in the city. There 
 are 21 public schools, not including 
 the high school, and numerous private 
 and denominational institutions. 
 
 Public BtiildiiiffS. There are many 
 
 Eublic buildings, including the court 
 ouse, the county and city jails, 
 opera house, market building, oc- 
 cupying a full block, city hall and 
 city high school. 
 
 Houston Heights. As the name 
 indicates, Houston Heights is located 
 
 402 
 
 on the highest ground in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of Houston, being 
 about 22 feet higher than the mean 
 level of the city. It is located north- 
 west from Houston, and about one 
 and one-half miles from the corporate 
 limits. Electric street cars run to 
 the Heights every few minutes from 
 the business centre of Houston. The 
 Heights have already elegant res- 
 idences, beautiful pleasure grounds, 
 several paying manufacturing in- 
 dustries, electric light plant, artesian 
 water, a good hotel, theatre, and, in 
 fact, everything that would make it 
 a desirable residence location. 
 
 The Forest Park, which is located 
 on Houston Heights Boulevard, con- 
 tains about 200 acres, about half a 
 natural forest, and has several artifi- 
 cial lakes, a fine natatorium supplied 
 with artesian water, an immense 
 dancing pavilion, base ball grounds, 
 bicycle track, and many other like 
 attractions. It is located about 
 2 miles from the centre of town, emd 
 is reached by electric Ccirs, running 
 every 15 minutes. 
 
 The principal' picnic resort of 
 Houston is naturally Dickinson, 
 which, while not located in Harris 
 County, is still deserving of mention 
 on account of its fine grounds and 
 amusement facilities. At Dickinson 
 are good race tracks, a fine boating 
 course, a fine forest ground, large 
 dancing pavilion, and many other 
 amusement facilities. The Texas 
 Coast Fair is held at Dickinson each 
 year. Dickinson is located midway 
 between Houston and Galveston, on 
 line of [International and Great 
 Northern Raikoad, and is in the 
 midst of the famous Texas Coast 
 Fruit Belt. 
 
 Harrisbtirg has a population of 
 900, and is virtually a suburb of 
 Houston. The principal industries 
 of its inhabitants are fruit and veg- 
 etable culture. The water supply is 
 abundant, and from artesian wells. 
 
 HUNTSVILLE, Tex. 
 
 The principal town in Walter 
 County on the I & G. N. R. R. 
 
 Population 2,000, engaged in 
 farming, stock raising and manufac- 
 turing. The water supply is from 
 wells and springs. Fuel costs $1,75 to 
 
$ 2 per cord, lumber, $ 7 to $ 8 per 
 thousand at the mill. There is 
 
 1 Meth-odist, l Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
 copal, and 1 Chipstian church for 
 white people, and 2 Baptist and 
 
 2 Methodist churches for colored 
 people; 2 public schools and 3 private 
 schools. Sam Houston State Normal 
 Institute, State peniteijtiary and court 
 house are substantial buildings. 
 
 JEFFERSON, Tex. 
 County seat of Marion County with 
 a population of 3,000. It is 58 miles 
 south of Texarkana. It has 7 churches, 
 good schools, a cotton compress, iron 
 works, a flour mill, a foundry, an 
 ice factory, several sawmills, gas 
 works, fire department, a new Federal 
 court house and post office, a number 
 of wholesale houses, good hotels, 
 and a weekly newspaper. Lumber, 
 woolen goods, iroii, cotton and hides 
 are the principal shipments. 
 
 LAREDO, Tex. 
 
 The county seat of Webb County, 
 population 12,000, principally^ engag- 
 ed in grape culture, fruit raising and 
 gardening, coal mining and brick 
 and tile manufacturing. ' 
 
 Laredo is the farthest south of 
 any point of importance in the United 
 States. The high temperature and 
 light rainfall, make it a good climate 
 for asthmatic sufferers. New Laredo, 
 Mexico, opposite Laredo, is a town 
 of 6,000. The two cities being con- 
 nected by bridge and street car lines. 
 Both cities have electric light and 
 water works systems. Laredo is 
 l6o miles from the Gulf, and 490 
 feet above the sea level. 
 
 The Mexican National Railway 
 extends from Laredo to the City of 
 Mexico. 
 
 The Mexican National Machine 
 Shops, the largest west of the Mis- 
 sissippi River, are located at Laredo. 
 Almost all of the ores produced in 
 the Mexican mines that enter the 
 United States come through this 
 port of entry, and the coal mines 
 located at Laredo furnish an excellent 
 quality of cannel coal, which is 
 shipped to the surrounding country. 
 Brick manufacturing is largely carr- 
 ied on, and the output reaches from 
 $ 12,000,000 to $ 15,000,000 per year. 
 
 LONGVIEW, Tex. 
 The county seat of Gregg County 
 and has a population of 4,000, and 
 is the terminus of the International 
 & Great Northern Railroad, and the 
 jimction point of that road with the 
 Texas & Pacific Railway. It is a thriv- 
 ing manufacturing centre, with 1 plow 
 factory, 1 sawmill, 1 ice factory, 2bot- 
 tling works, Imattress factory, ibroom 
 factory, 1 steam laundry, electric light 
 plant, 1 oil mill, 1 cotton compress, 
 and a foundry and machine shops. 
 The Court House of Gregg _ County, 
 located here, is a commodious and 
 substantial brick structure. 
 
 MARSHALL, Tex. 
 The county seat of Harrison County, 
 is 74 miles southwest of Texarkana, 
 and 40 miles west of Shreveport, 
 La., and has 7,207 inhabitants. The 
 public school system, of the city is 
 conducted according to the most 
 approved modem methods, and the 
 schools are a credit to any city. Mar- 
 shall is lighted by electricity, has a 
 good system of waterworks, a well- 
 eq^uipped fire department, a street 
 railway, a handsome court house, an 
 opera house, telephone [service, two 
 national banks, a cotton gin factory, 
 car wheel works, foundry, cotton 
 compress, plow works, saw and 
 planmg mills, ice factory and the 
 railway shops of the Texas & Pacific 
 Railway. There are two daily and 
 two weekly newspapers, and a daily 
 hack line to Carthage, 30 miles 
 distant. Nearly all Christian de- 
 nominations are represented, and 
 most of the congregations have 
 handsome places of worship. 
 
 MINEOLA. Tex. 
 A flourishing town, situated at the 
 junction of the Texas & Pacific, 
 International & Great Northern, and 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railways, 
 having a population of 2,07 1. It 
 contains a bank, 5 or 6 churches, a 
 high school, a numteer of substantial 
 business blocks, a cannery, a weekly 
 newspaper, a furniture factory, and 
 several good hotels. 
 
 PALESTINE, Tex. 
 In Anderson County population 
 1 1 '^30,principally engaged m farming, 
 
 403 
 
fruit raising, stock breeding and 
 manufacturing. The general offices 
 and shops of the International & 
 Great Northern Railroad, employing 
 300 men, are located here; also 
 foundry and machine shops, ice 
 factory, water works, two saw mills 
 cotton compress, oil mill, and many 
 smaller manufacturing establishments. 
 Both Methodist and Baptist denom- 
 inations have churches for white and 
 colored congregations, and the Pres- 
 byterian, Christian, Episcopal, Cath- 
 olic and Congregational denom- 
 inations have churches for the white 
 population. There are 2 public schools, 
 1 private and l Catholic school. 
 Substantial county court house and 
 opera house. The to-wn has many- 
 handsome residences £md well built 
 business blocks. 
 
 PARIS, Tex. 
 Parts is estimated to have at this 
 time a population of about I2,ooo, 
 the place having grown rapidly since 
 the last census was taken. There 
 are invested in various local enter- 
 prises about $ 2,000,000, some of the 
 establishments being: 2 large planing 
 mills, a cotton seed oil miU, cotton 
 gin, a cotton compress, 3 foundries, 
 1 chair factory, 3 marble works, 
 candy factory, 2 ice factories, a gas 
 and electric plant, etc. The manufac- 
 tured products are valued at 
 $ 1,500,000 and the commercial 
 transactions are estimated at 
 $6,500,000. The crops of the county, 
 handled in Paris, are estimated to 
 amount to 30,000 bales of cotton, 
 31,000 pounds of wool, 250,000 
 pounds of hides, 521,000 bushels of 
 com, 115,000 bushels of wheat, 
 45,000 tons of cotton seed, etc. 
 The local bank capital amounts to 
 $650,000. The city has a very 
 
 {)erfect system of public schools and 
 ligher colleges, and a scholastic 
 population of 2,696. The altitude 
 above sea level is 588 feet. 
 
 SAN ANTONIO, -Tex. 
 Population 6o,000, is located in 
 and is the county seat of Bexar 
 (bounty, in the southern part of 
 Texas, and in the centre of what is 
 known as the "health belt." It is in 
 about the same latitude as Galveston, 
 
 New Orleans and Jacksonville, Fla., 
 and is farther south than any city 
 of its size in the United States. As 
 a commercial centre it has but one 
 rival of importance (Austin, the State 
 Capital, 80 miles distant) withm a 
 radius of 200 miles and it controls 
 the trade of a vast and productive 
 territory, much of which is still 
 undeveloped, but gives undoubted 
 promise of future greatness and 
 prosperity. As the junction of the 
 main lines of the International & Great 
 Northern, the Southern Pacific, and 
 the San Antonio & Arkansas Pass 
 Railways, it is abundantly supplied 
 with transportation facilities. 
 
 San Antonio is beautifully and 
 regnilarly laid out, with broad, well- 
 paved streets and avenues, concrete 
 walks, and numerous public gardens 
 and plazas. The plazas, indeed, are 
 the distinguishing feature of the city, 
 for though characteristic of the 
 towns of Latin America, there is no 
 other city of the Union where there 
 are so many of these breathing 
 places, or such charming ones as 
 are to be found in the Mission Citv. 
 
 The prominent plazas of San 
 Antonio are the Alamo Plaza, the 
 Main Plaza and the Military Plaza, 
 as these are in the business heart 
 of the city, and aroimd them are 
 collected the greater portion of the 
 retail establishments, the hotels, the 
 city and government buildings and 
 other commercial institutions. 
 
 The Alamo Plaza is an outgrowth 
 of the ancient squai-e of the Mission 
 of the Alamo, the old church stand- 
 ing on the northeast corner. Around 
 the plaza, and fronting on it, are the 
 Menger Hotel, the Opera House and 
 Club, and the Post Office and United 
 States Court House. The centre of 
 the square has been converted into 
 a beautiful garden with fountains, 
 banks and beds of flowers which 
 are in bloom the year round, and 
 clumps of symmetrical semi-tropical 
 trees, conspicuous among which are 
 the graceful umbrella or China-berry 
 trees, with their rich, dark green 
 crowns of dense foliage. These trees 
 grow with more luxuriance here in 
 Scin Antonio than anywhere else, and 
 their exceeding grace and beauty 
 attract the attention and admiration 
 
 404 
 
of every one. The Alamo Plaza was 
 the scene of Santa Anna's bloody 
 assault upon the devoted followers 
 of Travis and Crockett in the fight 
 and massacre of 1836. 
 
 The Main Plaza, or Plaza de las 
 Yslas, is west of the Alamo Plaza 
 and connected with it by Commerce 
 and North Alamo streets. This was 
 the former square of the pueblo of 
 San Fernando, and the old parish 
 church, now modernized and con- 
 verted into a cathedral, still stands 
 on its western edge. On the south 
 side is the mag-nificent new County 
 Court House, and business houses 
 occupy tiie two other fronts. The 
 central arga, hke that of the Alamo, 
 is laid out as a handsome park and 
 pleasure ground. 
 
 The Military Plaza — La Plaza de 
 Armas, as the founders of the city 
 christened it — is one block west of 
 the Main Plaza, and was, prior to 
 the erection of the New City Hall, 
 which now occupies its centre, the 
 rendezvous and stamping ground of 
 the Mexican contingent of the 
 population. It was on this square 
 that the midnight suppers of Chili 
 con carne, hot tamales and tortillas 
 were spread, and the beautiful tamale 
 queen reigned supreme over her 
 hungry nocturnal subjects. 
 
 In addition to these more prom- 
 inent and, historically, more interest- 
 ing plazas, there are numerous 
 others scattered through the city, 
 giving a most agreeable variety, to 
 what would otherwise be the ster- 
 eotyped block after block of built- 
 up squares of the average town. 
 
 The beauty and magnificence of 
 the business houses, churches and 
 public edifices of San Antonio, are a 
 source of congratulation to her 
 citizens and a subject of surprise 
 and admiration to her guests. 
 
 The public institutions of the city 
 are unique and attractive in design, 
 imposing in appearance, and reflect 
 great credit, both on their architects 
 and on the city. Especially is this 
 true of the new Federal Building, 
 containing the Post Office and the 
 United States Court. 
 
 On the western side of the plaza 
 are the Opera House and the San 
 Antonio Club. The latter is a hand- 
 
 some building of brick, and is 
 luxuriantly furnished and fitted up. 
 
 In addition to the San Antonio 
 Club there are many other similar 
 and social organizations, including 
 the San Antonio Rifles, inaugurated 
 by a company of volunteers bearing 
 that name ; the Casino — an old estab- 
 lished German Association; the 
 Turners, the Harmony Club — an 
 organization of prominent Hebrews, 
 and various literary and singing 
 societies. The Young Men's Christian 
 Association also has pleasant rooms 
 at the comer of Alamo and Com- 
 merce streets, with gymnasium and 
 reading room, to which everyone is 
 welcome. 
 
 The hotel accommodations of the 
 city, while not as extensive and 
 luxurious as might be desired by 
 some, are, nevertheless, ample and 
 comfortable. 
 
 The suburban plats known as 
 West End, Alamo Heights, Lake 
 View, East End, Beacon Hill and 
 Southern Heights, are all easily ac- 
 cessible by electric street car lines, 
 and possess all the conveniences of 
 gas, water and electricity. 
 
 The location of Post Sam Houston 
 is a rolling plateau, about one mile 
 north of and overlooking the city. 
 It is reached by the OTeen cars 
 starting from the end of Jlast Com- 
 merce Street, near the Alamo Plaza. 
 The reservation covers 162 acres. 
 The buildings are tastefully designed, 
 and are built around a quadrangular 
 plaza, 624 feet square, in the centre 
 of which is a handsome clock tower, 
 88 feet high, from the summit of 
 which can be had a fine view of the 
 city and its environs. At the Post 
 are stationed a Brigadier General, 
 commanding the department, and 
 his personal and departmental staffs, 
 4 troops of cavalry, 2 batteries of 
 light artillery, and 6 companies of 
 infantry. 
 
 Agent of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 C. G'riesenbedt, San Antonio, Tex. 
 
 SHERMAN, Tex. 
 County seat of Grayson County 
 with a population of 7,000. Its rail- 
 way facilities are excellent, consisting 
 of the Texas & Pacific Railway, the 
 
 405 
 
St. Louis Southwestern, the Houston 
 & Texas Central Railway and 
 ' Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. 
 Nearly every Christian sect is 
 represented in Sherman. Its public 
 school system is conducted on the 
 most approved modem methods. In 
 addition to the public schools there 
 are a number of colleges and private 
 schools. The city has an extensive 
 system of electric lights, water works, 
 street car lines, an opera house, 
 2 banks, a commodious and hand- 
 some court house, and numerous 
 fine business blocks and private 
 residences. The industrial enter- 
 prises consist of a cotton seed oil 
 mill, cotton gin, 3 patent roller 
 flouring mills, an ice factory, seamless 
 bag factory, 2 foundries, a cotton 
 compress, the largest iron works in 
 North Texas, marble works, planing 
 mill, brick yards, furniture factories, 
 and cigar, soap, mattress, broom, 
 candy and carriage factories. There 
 are 2 daily and 3 weekly newspapers. 
 The principal shipments are cotton, 
 grain, live stock, flour, cotton seed 
 oil, hides, etc. 
 
 SULPHUR SPRINGS. Tex. 
 
 County seat of Hopkins County 
 was settled in 1850, and is a pros- 
 perous little city of 5,000 inhabit- 
 ants. In the city and vicinity 
 are a number of sulphur springs 
 and alum springs, which make the 
 locality a famous local health resort. 
 In 1868 it became the county seat. 
 There are now in the city 2 National 
 banks, a magnificent granite and 
 sandstone court house, a good system 
 of water works, a number of ele- 
 
 fant places of worship, many brick 
 usiness houses, 2 good hotels and 
 good newspapers. In the several 
 industrial hnes the city has 2 saw 
 mills, an ice plant, a bottling factory, 
 a 50-ton cotton oil mill, a fine large 
 cotton compress, 2 small furniture 
 factories, a large cotton gin, a plan- 
 ing mill, a sash, blind and door 
 factoiy and a foundry. The mercan- 
 tile lines are well represented, there 
 being probably over lOO establish- 
 ments. The public school system of 
 the city is comanensurate with the 
 times, and the schools are main- 
 
 tained nine months in the year. East- 
 man College is a famous educational 
 institution. The principal exports of 
 Sulphur Springs £ire cotton, lumber, 
 furniture, ice, hides, wool, cotton 
 seed oil, mineral and soda waters, 
 and fresh fruits and commercial 
 garden truck. 
 
 TAYLOR. Tex. 
 
 Population 6,500, This poiat is 
 the junction of the International & 
 Great Northern Railroad wiih the 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. 
 The water supply is abundant, and 
 obtained from surface and artesian 
 wells and springs. The Presbyterian, 
 Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal, Catho- 
 lic and Lutheran denominations all 
 have church buildings. There is one 
 large city public school, Taylor has 
 the finest railway station, that of the 
 International & Great Northern Rail- 
 road, in this section of Texas. It 
 has water works, an excellent fire 
 department, and many large mer- 
 cantile houses. It is the principal 
 business point of a large section 
 of country, and enjoys a most ex- 
 cellent business prosperity. 
 
 TERRELL, Tex. 
 
 The largest town iu Kaufman county, 
 is situated on the Texas & Pacific 
 Railway, 32 miles east of Dallas. 
 It has seven churches, a high school, 
 several graded schools, an opera hall, 
 two banks, electric light plant, water 
 works, an ice factory, a cotton com- 
 press, a flouriag mill, 2 nurseries, a 
 foundry, cotton gin, and 2 weekly 
 newspapers. The North Texas Hos- 
 pital for the Insane, a stately institu- 
 tion, is located here. The commer- 
 cial business of Teixell consits of 
 the handling of cotton, grain, flour, 
 live stock, hides, wool, finuts. etc. 
 
 TEXARKANA, Tex. and Ark. 
 
 Situated on both sides of the 
 boundary line between Arkansas and 
 Texas, with a fine post office building 
 erected on the State line to be used 
 jointly by the post offices in both 
 Texas and Arkanses, is a stirring 
 
 KW) 
 
incorporated dual city of about 
 14,000 inhabitants. It has two separate 
 municipal orgauziations, State Line 
 Avenue, dividing Texarkana, Axk., 
 from Texarkana, Texas. _ The popula- 
 tion is about evenly divided between 
 the two parts of the town. It is 
 the eastern gateway to ■ Texas, the 
 eastern terminus of the Texas &Pacific 
 Railway, the southern terminus of the 
 St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern 
 Railway and the point of entry into 
 Texas of the Cotton Belt or St. Louis 
 Southwestern Railway. It is a well- 
 built little city with all modern con- 
 veniences common to even larger 
 places. It has a fine water works 
 system, electric light plant, telephone 
 lines, some 5 miles of street railway 
 lines, gas works, 4 daily and weekly 
 newspapers, a large ice factory, a 
 cotton compress, and cotton oil mill 
 of very large capacity. There are 
 2 fire companies and fire alarm sys- 
 tem. Part of the town has a good 
 sewer system. Each part of the city 
 has a tine two-story brick school 
 house and good hotels. The Gov- 
 ernment building and the railway 
 depot are very handsome structures. 
 All lines of business are well 
 represented, but the predominant 
 interest is the manufacture of lumber, 
 ties, shingles, fumitiu-e and other 
 goods made from wood, which is 
 very abundant and within easy reach 
 of Texarkana. There are also 2 large 
 foundi'ies and a general machine 
 shop, engaged in the manufacture 
 of cane mills and other agricultural 
 machinery, boilers, etc. Potter's clay 
 is abundant close to the city, and a 
 large pottery situated there does a 
 igood business. 
 
 TYLER, Tex. 
 This is a well built and compact 
 little city, situated in the geographical 
 centre of Smith County. It has all 
 the conveniences and social advan- 
 tages common to places of much 
 larger population. The census gives 
 it 0,908 inhabitants. Since then the 
 increase in population has been 
 rapid, and it may be safely estimated 
 that Tyler has froni 10,000 to 11,000 
 residents within its limits. It is 
 situated on high, rolling, well drained 
 ground, and contains an exceptionally 
 
 lacge number of attractive residence 
 and business buildings. The business 
 part is substantially built, the pre- 
 vailing material used in construction 
 being brick. The residence part 
 contains many attractive flower gar- 
 dens, the soil and climate being per- 
 fectly adapted to the successful cul- 
 tivation of most of the more delicate 
 and highly ornamental plants. Hence 
 it is a pleasant abiding place for 
 travelers and tourists. 
 
 The city, which is the county seat, 
 was named in honor of President 
 Tyler, under whose administration 
 Texas was admitted into the Union. 
 It has two commodious public school 
 buildings for white children, and the 
 East Texas University, a school of 
 high standing, under able manage- 
 ment. Ample educational facilities 
 have been provided for colored 
 children. Among the public and 
 semipublic buildings are some 6 or 7 
 fine brick churches, the general hos- 
 pital of the St. Louis Southwestern 
 Railway Cotton Belt Route, the 
 county court house, jail, city hall, 
 Government buildings, three large 
 brick hotels, three national bank 
 buildings, and numerous modern 
 business blocks. The city has free 
 mail delivery, an excellent system 
 of waterworks, a fire department, 
 good sewerage, an electric light 
 plant, street car lines, and a tele- 
 phone system. 
 
 Tyler is situated on the main line 
 of the St. Louis Southwestern or 
 Cotton Belt Route and is 128 miles 
 southwest of Texarkana. The Tyler 
 Southeastern Railway, a branch of 
 the Cotton Belt Route, diverges here 
 and extends to Lufkin in Angelina 
 County, a distance of 90 miles, 
 where it connects with the Houston, 
 East & West Texas Railway. The 
 Mineola branch of the International 
 & Great Northern Railway crosses 
 the Cotton Belt Route at Tyler, at 
 which place the general offices of 
 the Cotton Belt (Texas lines) are 
 situated. An annual fruit fair is held 
 at Tyler in the month of July in 
 each year. 
 
 WACO, Tex. 
 Population in 1896, 14,440; at 
 present, about 20,000. This be^n- 
 
 407 
 
tiful and progressive city is situated 
 within 4 miles of the geographical 
 centre of the State. Its altitude is 
 720 feet above the level of the sea. 
 Its site was originally selected by 
 the Waco Indians who had quite a 
 well populated village here, until they 
 were defeated in a battle with the 
 Cherokees (1830), who almost exter- 
 minated the tribe and utterly destroyed 
 the settlement. From this circum- 
 stance the city derives its name. 
 
 Waco enjoys most excellent railway 
 facilities. The several trimk lines 
 passing through or entering the city 
 are the St. Louis Southwestern (or 
 Cotton Belt), the Missouri, Kansas & 
 Texas, the Houstor & Texas Central, 
 the Texas Central, and the West 
 Point branch of the San Antonio & 
 Aransas Pass Railwa}'', which has its 
 terminus in this city. 
 
 There are two complete systems of 
 water works — one company. The 
 Waco Water and Power Company, 
 maintains a reservoir of 6,000,000 
 gallons capacity, from which mains 
 traverse the city; the other is the 
 artesian system, or Bell Water Com- 
 pany. The source of supply is the 
 wonderful series of artesian wells, 
 whose initial pressure lifts the water 
 into great standpipes, 90 feet high, 
 situated on a hill 80 feet above the 
 public square. Mains and cross-pipes 
 lead the water to all parts of the 
 city. Several natatoriums and sanita- 
 riums have been erected in Waco for 
 the purpose of utilizing these waters. 
 
 Waco enjoys the conveniences of 
 the largest American cities. The 
 streets, broad and straight, run at 
 right angles, and in the residence 
 portion are lined with beautiful shade 
 trees and handsome residences. It 
 has churches of all the leading reli- 
 gious denominations, seven banks, 
 a street railway system, and an 
 electric light system. 
 
 There is a fine government build- 
 ing for the use of the Post Office 
 and the Federal courts, a City Plall, 
 and many elegant business structures. 
 The city was founded in 1849 and 
 incorporated in 1856. It is divided 
 by the Brazos River, which is spanned 
 by a suspension bridge, 475 feet long. 
 The mercantile establishments of 
 Waco tun into the hundreds. Of 
 
 manufacturing enterprises there are 
 some sixty or seventy, and of news- 
 papers there are two dailies, one 
 weekly and one monthly. 
 
 Waco possesses excellent educa- 
 tional facilities. 1 he Baylor Univer- 
 sity is a well know institution for 
 the study of music, theology, oratory 
 and conmierce. The Waco Female 
 College is popular and prosperous. 
 There is also a large school under 
 the auspices of the Roman Catholic 
 Church, managed by the Sisters of 
 St. Mary. 
 
 Waco is the largest interior cotton 
 market in Texas, and probably in the 
 South. Over 40,000 bales were hauled 
 into the city by wagon, and about 
 800,000 received by rail from small 
 towns having no compresses. 
 
 WEATHERFORD, Tex. 
 County seat of Parker County, ha^ 
 4,000 inhabitants, and is the point 
 of jrmction of the several railways 
 traversing the coimty. It is admirably 
 situated in the midst of a rich and 
 fertile farming district, and is l,ooo 
 feet above sea level. The city has 
 3 national banks, 9 churches, 3 col- 
 leges, good public and private schools, 
 an opera house, an elegant court 
 house, a street railway, a cotton gin, 
 2 cotton compresses, a planing roill, 
 bottling and pottery works, fine stone 
 business blocks, and three weekly 
 newspapers. The principal traffic of 
 the city consists of the handling of 
 cotton, grain, flour, castor oil, coal, 
 live stock, hides, wool, garden truck 
 and fruits. 
 
 WICHITA FALLS, Tex. « 
 
 On the Texas, Pan Handle Route; 
 114 miles from Fort Worth, has a 
 population of 3,500. 
 
 The seat of Wichita county, known 
 as the "banner wheat county of 
 Texas", which is said to contain 
 fully 90 per cent, of the best agri- 
 cultural lands in the State. 
 
 There are large roller flouring 
 mills, cotton gin, fine churches and 
 expensive school building, Board of 
 Trade building, water-works, railroad 
 machine shops, stock yards, electric 
 light. 
 
 408 
 
4 Important Gateways. 
 
 TEXAS! 
 
 P"P 
 
 PACIFIC 
 
 ^•W RAILWAY j^^ 
 
 "No trouble to answer questions." 
 The great thoroughfare to and from 
 
 -»► The new route of the celebrated "Sunset Limited" train. 
 Elegant Pullman Buffet Sleepers 
 
 (with observation vestibules). 
 H CLudsoxne n© '%v Chair Oars 
 
 -C^^^svv^^^ seats free. 
 
 /^/2^^x> 
 
 Fast Time. 
 
 75 pound steel rails. — Electric headlights. 
 
 Write for a descriptive book of "TEXAS". 
 
 L. S. Thorne 
 
 Vice Prest. & Gen'l, Mgr. 
 
 E. P. Tupner 
 
 General Passenger Agent. 
 
 Dallas, Texas. 
 
 409 
 
From Dallas to El Paso. 
 
 A few brief statements about tbe present prosperity and 
 prospective promise of that vast wealth producing section of the 
 country along the Texas and Pacific Railway, between Dallas and 
 El Paso, will, no doubt, be appreciated. To begin, attention must 
 be called to the two important commercial, manufacturing and railway 
 centers, Dallas and Fort Worth. No other cities of same size, in any 
 country, can show public buildings, business houses, hotels and resi- 
 dences, equal in style, size and elegance. In this respect, Dallas and 
 Fort Worth stand proudly at the head of the list. The court houses, 
 post offices, city halls, bank buildings, wholesale and retail buildings, 
 churches, colleges, and public schools, hotels and splendidly designed 
 residences of these two cities reflect great credit upon the inhabitants 
 thereof. 
 
 They are models of superior architectural beauty, and monuments 
 of modern civilization. In addition to the picturesque architecture so 
 conspicious in these two cities, they are great commercial emporiums 
 and manufacturing centers, with railway facilities unsurpassed. 
 
 New Union Depot, East Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Westward, beginning at Weatherford and ending at Cisco, each 
 a prosperous town on the Texas Pacific, lies the Mineral Mountain 
 
 410 
 
Range, divided and subdivided by valleys of rich and fertile fruit aud 
 farming lands. 
 
 Muscat Raisin Grapes, Midland, Tex. 
 
 These mountains treasure within their bosom inexhaustible mines 
 of coal great reservoirs of gas, and lakes of oil, as well as many 
 other wealth producing resources, too numerous to enumerate here. 
 At Thurber and Strawn can be seen a slight demonstration of the 
 possibilities of this rough and rugged chain of mountains. 
 
 French Prune Orchard. Midland, Tes. 
 411 
 
Thurber is now a city oi 3,500 people, supported entirely by 
 the coal mining industry. Strawn's prosperity is also due to the 
 same source, and with systematic effort, accompanied by skill and 
 energy, industrial cities of 10,000 or more people can be built within 
 five years. At Gordon, several bold flowing wells of gas await the 
 coming of genius, that it may do economic service, and exercise the 
 energy of its force. To the northwest of this, springs of oil ooze 
 slowly from the mountain side, merely manifesting to human kind 
 that, down beneath these undulating surfaces, bountiful stores of oil 
 await the explorer's piercing drill. Still farther westwards, comes 
 Eastland, Cisco and Baird, all good towns, underlaid with thick 
 stratas of coal, and surrounded by valleys of rich lands. Then comes 
 beautiful Abilene, the queenly belle ot the prairies, a city of 5,000 
 population, whose citizens are intelligent, prosperous and enterprising. 
 Abilene is the county seat of a very rich agricultural country, and is 
 the shipping point for a number of counties lying north and south ot 
 the Texas and Pacific Railway. Her educational advantages are 
 excellent. The next county seat is Sweetwater. 
 
 Apple Orchand, Midland, Tex. 
 
 This name is very suggestive. It denotes that the water of the 
 whole "Sweetwater county", which comprises about a dozen counties, 
 is good, wholesome water, pleasant to the taste; it does not mean 
 that the water has a saccharine taste, but its name is to indicate that 
 the water flowing from the myriads of springs wh'ich feed Sweetwater 
 Creek is free from taste of mineral substances. Probably no city in 
 
 412 
 
the State is so lavorably situated, and so fortunately blessed by 
 beneficent conditions to-day as is Sweetwater, a town of only 800 
 people. It is situated on the main line of the Texas and Pacific 
 Railway, and the new railroad, "the Colorado Valley", is being built 
 through the city, north and south, giving direct short line to the Gulf 
 of Mexico and to the northern markets. The general offices and railway 
 shops of this road are to be built here. Two hundred graders and a 
 large force of track layers are now building this road. The largest 
 and best equipped canaigre tanning plant in the South has just been 
 located here, and though not entirely equipped, it is turning out 500 
 tanned hides pee week. 
 
 A sixty- foot stratum of salt has been found at a depth of 200 
 feet. The country adjacent is very rich, and phenomenal prosperity is 
 assured for the new year. Farther westward is Colorado City, the 
 county seat of Mitchell County, and situated near the center. This 
 county consists of undulating prairies, traversed by numerous water 
 courses, with broad and beautiful valleys. As a stock farming county, 
 Mitchell county has few equals in this country. The Texas and the 
 Lone Star Salt Companies works are located in this city. Then follow 
 Big Springs, Marienfeld, Midland and Odessa, all thriving cattle 
 
 
 '^'■•'} 
 
 
 
 . ^M 
 
 hI' 
 
 
 
 ^HJ 
 
 BmBk^i V ,-|g.g- 
 
 J^^^v^^^^^ 
 
 ; . ^.j 
 
 H^Hh 
 
 IHI 
 
 
 1 
 
 li^Mi^-^f ^r?^iM^j'*^^iMW^^[[^B^^^BB 
 
 B^^^BNjr^ ^^^I^HI 
 
 
 HJI^Hn 
 
 ^MPPspwigMi 
 
 SmJrSTiii'^'fStfn^B 
 
 ^^^^^^^B^^^^^ 
 
 ^K^t^fe 
 
 
 >^^^^^^^^H 
 
 ■1^^ -i.- -SM ' * «ffl«r'?!^ 
 
 
 "V"'- " 
 
 ImH^^^^H^I 
 
 
 , 
 
 ' 
 
 -iijiiipiiiiiiiiBilipni 
 
 "' 
 
 i 
 
 Pear Orchard, Midland, Tex. 
 
 413 
 
centers. These cities are exceptionally prosperous, and they are 
 composed of greater percentage of wealthy people than any other cities 
 on the line. They are surrounded by a rich country. 
 
 At Pecos City, the most peculiar, as well as the greatest 
 natural advantages are present, but unde veloped. Avast section of 
 level rich land, with crystal pure and sparkling water gushing swiftly 
 through the pipes of forty artesian wells, and raising itself, through 
 pipes, thirty feet above the level, a sight worth seeing, a wonder 
 worth contemplating, an opportunity to enlist the attention of the 
 promotive genius. From the depot at this place the Davis and other 
 mountains fifty to eighty miles away can be seen. These mountains 
 are rich in both gold and silver ore, but are yet unexplored. The 
 imaginary line between Uncle Sam and Mexico has, by the aid of 
 Mexico's historic data easily passed the prospector. 
 
 Celery Farm, Pecos Valley. 
 
 Last, but not least, the city of El Paso comes up for its share 
 of praise; it has within its grasp the greatest opportunities, the 
 grandest glories, and most phenomenal achievements offered any 
 city in America. It is destined to be the home of the millionaire 
 miner, the cattle baron, the merchant prince, the promoter,' proud 
 and buoyant, the sportsman, the health-seeker, and last, but not least 
 
 414 
 
Chair Cars. 
 
 f J 
 
 -Making, Near Baird, Tex. 
 415 
 
poteut, the seat of learning of the great Southwest. The citizens of 
 El Paso contemplate holding an International Frontier Fiesta in 1898. 
 It should be a repository of the products of the United States and 
 the Republic of Mexico. It can be made the most unique and enter- 
 aining exhibition attempted during the century. 
 
 0^ 
 
 416 
 
UTAH. 
 
 James Bridget, a trapper on Bear 
 River, discovered Salt Lake in 1825. 
 Some exploration parties reached the 
 Lake and, in 1842, caravans of emi- 
 grants began to move across Utah 
 on their way to California. 
 
 In the spring of 1847, after their 
 expulsion from Nauvoo, 1200 Mor- 
 mons lay in camps in J^owa, and 
 Brigham Young and 142 picked men 
 marched westward to find a new 
 home for their people beyond the 
 United States. July 4th, 1847, the 
 first immigration of l650 persons 
 started westward from Council Bluffs. 
 Year after year brought its new 
 convoys of religious enthusiasts, 
 until a powerful community had risen 
 in this new Holy Land, with Utah 
 Lake for its sweet Gensai-et and the 
 River Jordan flowing thence to the 
 Dead Sea of the Great Salt Lake. 
 Utah came to the Republic with the 
 great cession made by Mexico in 1848, 
 and in 1850 was formed into a 
 TeiTitory, including, besides, its 
 present area, part of Nevada, Colorado 
 and Wyoming. In 1857 the Federal 
 officials left Utah in fear of their 
 lives ; and the Territory was regarded 
 as in insxirrection. 
 
 The Mormons have increased with 
 great rapidity. They are devoted 
 to a rural life, with many scattered 
 villages, self supporting and export- 
 ing nothing. Much trade in the 
 Territory is carried on by Zion's 
 Co-operative Merchantile Institution. 
 
 Utah became a State in 1896 
 
 Its population in 1890 was 207,905 
 and its area 84,970 square miles. 
 Utah is an Indian word, meaning "A 
 
 home on a mountain top". The 
 Mormons called their State "Deseret", 
 which means tlte "Honey Bee". 
 
 Utah is also called the Inter- 
 Mountain Territory. 
 
 AMERICAN FORK, Utah. 
 Pop., 4,400; from Lehi, three miles. 
 Is called the "gem" of the Mormon 
 towns. It has all the characteristics 
 of the most attractive Mormon 
 settlements - fruit orchards, broad 
 streets bordered by rippling brooks, 
 cozy homes, and apparently a happy 
 and contented people. The town is 
 situated on Deer creek, a rushing 
 stream, which comes down the 
 American Fork caSon. From here 
 by carriage up the caaon. We pass 
 "Lion Rock", "Telescope Peak" with 
 the "Devil's Eye". About three miles 
 from the south of American Fork 
 canon is "Hanging Rock". 
 
 LOGAN, Utah. 
 
 The seat of Cache County, situated 
 on the east side of Cache Valley 
 close to the mountains, just below 
 the mouth of Logan Canon. It has 
 a population of 6,000. 
 
 The city contains two flourishing 
 mills, a woolen-mill, the railroad 
 machine and repair shops of a division, 
 one bank, a brewery, a branch of 
 the Z. C. M. I., besides a variety of 
 stores and shops and small manufac- 
 turing establishments. 
 
 The new tabernacle is of cut stone 
 and seats 2,500 people. 
 
 OGDEN, Utah. 
 
 Population 18,000, the seat of 
 Weber County on the Ogden riyer. 
 
 417 
 
ihe tf. P. Depot is one mile west I tions in tills vicinity. The sceneiy 
 of the cit)\ The city is situated at j is grand and interesting. In places 
 the western base of the Wahsatch the granite walls rise on each side 
 mountains. 1,500 feet, and for a considerable 
 
 Ogden canon is one of the attrac- distance not more than 150 feet apart. 
 
 WEBE3 Canon. Utah. 
 
 Echo Canqn, Utah. 
 
 ame> Monument. 
 
 1000 MILES TREE. 
 
 PROVO, Utah. 
 
 Pop., 6,000; from Salt Lake City, 
 45 miles; elevation, 4,517 feet. Is 
 the seat of Utah county. Was settled 
 
 in 1849, and is an incorporated city, 
 with all the requisit municipal ofhcers. 
 It is situated just below the mouth 
 of Provo cafion on the east bank of 
 Utah lake. 
 
 418 
 
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah. 
 
 The capital of the State of Utah, 
 built upon the site of the first 
 settlement in Utah, one of the 
 historic and one of the most beautiful 
 cities of the United States. Its 
 population 65,000. 
 
 Salt Lake is about midway between 
 San Francisco and Denver, and is 
 beautifully situated. The majestic 
 peaks of the Wahsatch rise above its 
 head, and the lovely and fertile 
 valley of the Great Salt Lalke flows 
 away in vernal billows from its feet. 
 As a commercial and railroad point. 
 Salt Lake ihas no competitor in the 
 inter -mountain country. Indeed, it 
 may be said in every sense to be 
 the center of that great region. It 
 is the headquarters of many great 
 mining companies, and is the location 
 of some of the largest smelters and 
 mineral mills in the West. From 
 it is distributed the products of the 
 farmer and manufacturer, and its 
 wholesale houses Send their goods 
 for hundreds of miles in every 
 direction. It is and will always be, 
 the chief city between Denver and 
 S^an Francisco. 
 
 Among the many attractions which 
 invite the tourist; on every side in 
 Salt Lake may be mentioned Beck's 
 Hot Springs. , 
 
 These springs are in the northeru 
 part of the city, about three miles 
 from the business center, on the 
 Western point of the mountain range. 
 The waters are used both internally. 
 
 The Warm Sulphur Springs are 
 situated about one mile from the 
 business - center of the city and 
 can be easily reached by street 
 cars. This spring flows in a bold 
 stream from beheath a perpendicular 
 rock and has a temperature of about 
 128 degrees Fahr. It is necessary 
 to temper this boUing flood with 
 cold water before it can be used for 
 bathing purposes. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 7. A. Benton, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 H. M. Clay, C. P. & T. A. U. P.: 
 System, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 L. J. Kyes, C. P. & T. A., Ore' 
 Short Line, Salt Lake City Utah. 
 
 UTAH LAKE. Utah. 
 
 Is a body of fresh water, 30 miles 
 long and six miles wide; is fed by 
 Provo river, American Fork, Spanish 
 Fork, Hobble, Salt and Peteetweet 
 creeks, having its outlet through 
 Jordan river, which runs north and 
 empties into Great Salt lake. 
 
 419 
 
 19 
 
VERMONT. 
 
 The name of the State is derived 
 from the old French "Verts Monts" 
 or "Green Mountains". Populary it 
 is called "The Green Mountain 
 State" in allusion to its chief geog- 
 raphical feature, beautiful in scenic 
 effect, and rich in its inexhaustible 
 treasures of marble and granite. 
 
 BELLOWS FALLS, Vt. 
 Amid grand mountains-sceneiy at 
 the white and impetuous falls of the 
 Connecticut, a well-known railroad 
 centre and summer resort, with a 
 population of 3,092 in 1890. The 
 Falls are a series of rapids in the 
 Connecticut, extending about a mile 
 along the base of a high and precip- 
 itous hill, known asMt. Kilbum, which 
 skirts the river on the New Ham- 
 phire side. In the immediate neigh- 
 borhood are the Abenaquis Springs, 
 highly tonic and possessing medic- 
 inal properties. 
 
 BURLINGTON, Vt. 
 
 Burlington is nationally known as 
 the Queen city of Vermont. Built upon 
 a hUl which rises gradually from 
 the shores of Lake Champlain and 
 holds a wide view of water and 
 landscape, its location is a command- 
 ing one. On the crest of the hill 
 overlooking the city stands the 
 University of Vermont. 
 
 The glory of Burlington is the 
 splendor of its landscape. 
 
 To be reached by the West Shore 
 R. R. 
 
 MONTPELIER, Vt 
 The Capital of the State on the 
 Winooski River, in a narrow valley 
 surrounded by hills, 10 mis. of the 
 centre of Vermont, 4,160 inh. It 
 has handsome Federal and State 
 buildings, the most prominent of 
 which is the State Capitol. The 
 picturesque Benjamin Falls are 
 within a mile of Montpelier. 
 Railroad: Central Vermont R. R. 
 
 RUTLAND, Vt. 
 
 A prosperous town of 11,760 inh., 
 166 mis. from Boston, and 68 from 
 Burlington picturesquely situated in 
 the Otter Creek Valley. Fine public 
 and commercial buildmgs, including 
 the State Workhouse and the House 
 Scale Works, numerous quarries 
 and marble - works in its vicinity 
 now organized into one corporation, 
 the largest in the world of its kind, 
 and which controls the price of 
 marble throughout the United States. 
 It is a popular summer -resort from 
 which pleasant excursions may be 
 made. 
 
 Railroad: Central Vermont R. R. 
 
 St. ALBANS. Vt. 
 
 A pretty village upon an elevated 
 plateau, 3 mis. from Lake Champ- 
 lam, 121 mis. from White Rivet 
 Junction, a population of about 7,500. 
 The extensive shops of the Central 
 Vermont R. R. are located here, 
 and the village is noted as the 
 market place of the great butter 
 and cheese business of Franklin Co. 
 
 Railroad: Central Vermont 
 
 420 
 
YIRGIIIA. 
 
 The enormous portion of America 
 between Cape Fear and Halifax ori- 
 ginally bore the name Virginia. In 
 1606 King James I. divided this empire 
 into three districts. In 16l9 a Dutch 
 vessel brought the first negro slaves 
 to Virginia. In 1634 Virginia became 
 a Crown Colony, and remained such 
 for nearly 150 years. Although her 
 commerce with Britain exceeded that 
 of any other colony, Virginia took 
 a leading part in inaugurating the 
 Revolution, and the Declaration .of 
 Independence was proposed in Con- 
 gress by her deputies after the Revo- 
 lution Virginia ceded to the United 
 States, Kentucky and the vast domain 
 northwest of the Ohio. 
 
 Early in 1861 the people of Virginia 
 refused to secede from the Union. 
 It was only when Lincoln called for 
 troops, that the majority was chan- 
 
 fed, and Virginia decided to cast 
 er lot with the Southern States, 
 though she knew that her soil would 
 be the battle field. 
 
 In 1890 Virginia had a population 
 of 1,655 980, of which 540,850 are 
 colored. Its area is 42,450 square 
 miles. 
 
 Virginia has several pet names. 
 The title. Old Dominion, refers to 
 the loyalty of Virginia to the Stuart 
 dynasty. The State is also called 
 The Mother of Presidents, because 
 four out of the first five Presidents 
 of the Republic were natives of her 
 soil. Each of these served for two 
 terms. The first Harrison, Tyler and 
 •Taylor were a so born in Virginia. 
 
 HAMPTON, Va. 
 82 mis. south-east of Richmond 
 and 2 mis. from Fort Mouroe, near 
 the mouth of the James river, is 
 
 reached by the Chesapeake & Ohio 
 R. R. in about 3 hours. It is a hand- 
 some village of 2513 inh. ; and remar- 
 kable as seat of some public instiu- 
 tion of note. It is the seat of the 
 Southern branch of the National 
 Home for Disabeld Volunteer 
 Soldiers. 
 
 LYNCHBURG, Va. 
 
 173 mis. from Washington D. C, 
 a city of about 20,000 inh., deriving 
 its importance from the lines of rail- 
 way which center here, and the 
 extent and character of its manufac- 
 tures, and especially from its large 
 trade in tobacco, which is the chief 
 article of export. 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 Henry Brandt, 116 Church St., 
 Norfolk Va. 
 
 Wm. Lamb 
 Norfolk Va. 
 
 & Co., 36 Main St., 
 
 NORFOLK, Va. 
 
 Reached by steamer down James 
 River, running a distance of 116 mis. 
 from Richmond, or by rail. 
 
 It has some 37,000 inhabitants 
 and is, after Richmond, the most 
 populous city in Virginia. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
 
 Henry Brandt, 116 Church St., 
 Norfolk Va. 
 
 Wm. Lamb & Co., 36 Main St., 
 Norfolk Va. 
 
 PETERSBURG, Va. 
 The third city in Virginia in popula- 
 tion (about 26,000), is a port of 
 entry situated at the head of naviga- 
 tion on tiie Appomattox River, 
 
 421 
 
 19 « 
 
distant hj railM'ay from Richmond 
 22 miles, from Fredericksburg 82 
 miles, from Washington City 152 mis. 
 Its trade is large, the handling of 
 tobacco and cotton, with wheat, corn, 
 and general country produce, being 
 the chief business. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH, Va. 
 
 A busy city of about 15,0Q0 inh., 
 directly opposite Norfolk, and con- 
 nected by ferry. Its harbor is one 
 of the best on the Atlantic coast, 
 and is accessible by the largest 
 vessels. At Gosport, the south 
 extremity of the city, is ^a United 
 States Navy Yard, which contains 
 a Dry Dock constructed of granite. 
 in its vicinit)^ is the United States 
 Naval Hospital, a spacious brick 
 edifice on the bank pf the Elizabeth 
 river, with accomodations for 600 
 patients. i 
 
 The Seabord and Roanoke Rail- 
 way comes in at Portsmouth from 
 Weldon, N. C, 79 mis. distant, w^here 
 connection is made with through 
 routes to the South. 
 
 Virginia Beach below Cape Henry 
 is a very popular sea-beathing place, 
 surrounded by forests, on the Atlantic 
 coast. It is quickly reached by rail 
 from Norfolk. 
 
 RICHMOND, Va. 
 The capital of the "Old Dominion," 
 as Virgmia is familiarly called. 
 Though Richmond is not a great 
 
 capital, it is, nevertherless, flourishing 
 and interesting city, and now prob- 
 ably contains nearly 90,000 inhab- 
 itants, two-thirds of this number 
 being white, and the rest black. 
 
 The Capitol, the City Hall, the 
 Penitentiary, the Custom House, are 
 note-worthy edifices. 
 
 The Rapids or Falls of James 
 River, which 'extend 6 miles above 
 the city, and have a descent of 80 feet, 
 afford valuable water power. 
 
 The commerce is large, the chief 
 articles of export being tobacco, 
 cigarettes, wheat and flour. The 
 manufactures include ii'on- works, 
 machine-shops, foundries, sugar-refi- 
 neries, cigar -factories, coach and 
 wagon factories, furniture, sheetings, 
 and shirtings, and stoneware. , 
 
 Railroads: Chesapeake and Ohio; 
 R. & D. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 Henn. Schmidt, 500 Eest Broad 
 
 St., Richmond Va. 
 And Welsh, Richmond, Adams Ex 
 
 Co., Va. 
 
 WYTHEVILLE, Va. 
 
 One of the most popular summer 
 resorts in south-western Virginia 
 80 mis. from Roanske and 70 mis. 
 Irom Bristol, Tenn., on the Norfolk 
 and Western R. R. 
 
 Nestled in a fertile and highly- 
 cultivated valley which affords a 
 charming scene of rural prosperity is 
 this quamt Virginian town. 
 
 ■122 
 
WASHINGTOH. 
 
 Washington is the most north- 
 western State of the Union, facing 
 the Pacific Ocean on the west and 
 British Columbia on the north. It 
 has an area of 69,994 square miles, 
 of which 66,880 square miles, or 
 42,803,200 acres, are land. It is about 
 once and a half the size of Penns- 
 ylvania, and resembles that State in 
 so many respects that it is sometimes 
 called the Pennsylvania of the North- 
 west. It has important mines of 
 coal and iron, large areas of valuable 
 timber, and extensive districts of 
 rich farming lands. It has also thfe 
 advantage of important harbors on 
 the. Pacific Ocean and of the great 
 inland sea, Puget Sound, which is 
 one immense harbor and stretches 
 into the interior of the State for a 
 distance of obout 100 miles. The 
 population of Washington is now 
 about 450,000. The largest cities are 
 Tacoma and Seattle on Puget S^ound, 
 population over 55,000 each, and 
 Spokane in Eastern Washington, 
 population 30,000. 
 
 The climate of Washington is mild 
 and agreeable, and is different from 
 that of any Eastern State. West of 
 the Cascade Mountains there is a 
 heavy rainfall from November to 
 April, with very little snow, and not 
 enough cold air to k;ill vegetation. 
 In the summer there is but little rain 
 and the atmosphere is cool and 
 agreeable. East of the Cascade 
 Mountains the rain-fall is comperat- 
 ively light; the winters are colder, 
 though not severe, and the summers 
 are long and dry. A large portion 
 of the State of Washington is covered 
 
 with forest and a considerable part 
 of it is; mountainous, not fit to be 
 brought under cultivation. About 
 one-fifth' of the total area may be 
 classed as agricultural land. The 
 largest areas suited to farming are 
 in Eastern Washington, and are 
 comprised in the rolling plains of 
 thePalouse country, south of Spokane, 
 and the Big Bend country, west of 
 Spokane. In these districts wheat- 
 raising is the chief Industry. The 
 rain-fall is sufficient for all crops 
 and the yield of small grains is 
 remarkably large when compared 
 with the averages in the Eastern 
 States. All the fruits and berries of 
 the temperate zone grow throughout 
 this region, and peaches grow with 
 marked success on the warm bottom- 
 lands along the Snake and other 
 rivers, 
 
 Another important agricultural 
 district is that of the valley of the 
 Yakima, in Central Washington, 
 extending from theCascadeMountains 
 to theColumbia River. Here irrigation 
 is practiced on a large scale by 
 means of long main-line canals, with 
 branches and laterals. This valley 
 in climate is almost as warm as 
 Califominan valleys, and where the 
 lands are irrigated they produce 
 surprising results in crops of alfalfa, 
 hops, small grains, and m the rapid 
 development of fruit trees and their 
 regular bearing. The market fruits 
 of the region are apples, peaches, 
 apricots, prunes, plums, cherries, 
 strawberries, raspberries, goose- 
 berries, and melons. Fruit culture 
 is constantly extending, with the 
 
 423 
 
future of not only supplying the home 
 markets of Washington, but of 
 shipping to markets as far east as 
 St. Paul, Minneapolis, Duluth, and 
 Chicago. 
 
 Still other valuable farming regions 
 aboimd in Western Washmgton in 
 the valleys and adjoining uplands of 
 the streams flowing into Puget Sound, 
 into the Pacific Ocean, and into the 
 Columbia River. Farms in these 
 valleys have been cleared of the 
 primeval forests. "When cleared the 
 land is excellent for general farming, 
 for fruit culture, hop-raising, forage 
 corps, and for d£iirymg. 
 
 ABERDEEN, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Including South Aber- 
 deen, population 3,0U0. stands at the 
 head of Gray's Harbor Ba^y, and at 
 the mouths of the Chehalis and 
 Wishkah rivers The leading bus- 
 iness interest is lumbering, There 
 are four saw and shingle mills with 
 a capacity of 600,000 feet per day. 
 Salmon packing is carried on to a 
 considerable extent. A large foundry 
 and machine shop, with every appli- 
 ance for mill or steamer work, 
 employs a large force of men. In 
 addition Aberdeen has over seventy 
 stores and other business houses, a 
 large ship-yard, three salmon can- 
 neries, three newspapers. $ 25,000 
 school buildings, churches, good 
 opera house, seating capacity 500, 
 electric light plant, water - works 
 system, a board of trade, good hotels, 
 one bank, etc. Principal shipments: 
 lumber and salmon. 
 
 AINSLIE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 525. 
 two hotels, hall, school furniture 
 factory, large saw mill, and electric 
 lights. Good fishing and hunting. 
 
 ALMOTA, Wash. 
 O. R. &N. System. Population 200, 
 is on the Snake River. It has one 
 hotel, one store, one school building, 
 one church. Products: wheat, oats, 
 barley and flax. Wheat is the prin- 
 cipal shipment. Fish : trout and 
 salmon. 
 
 ANACORTES, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On tidewater 
 
 called Ship Harbor, population 1,500 
 has two saw mills, shingle mill, two 
 banks, six general merchandise 
 stores, three hotels, schools, churches, 
 newspaper, water-works, etc. Sur- 
 rounding country good farming land, 
 but generally heavily timbered. 
 Products: oats, potatoes, and fruit. 
 Gcime: deer, ducks, geese, etc. 
 
 AUBURN, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 750, 
 has about fifty business enterprises, 
 besides a large saw mill, two shingle 
 mills, etc. It also has two churches, 
 a graded school, bank, newspaper, 
 carriage factory, etc. Situated mid- 
 way between Tacoma and Seattle, 
 in the midst of a fine agricultural 
 and lumber district. Auburn offers 
 exceptional advantages to either the 
 merchant or farmer. 
 
 BALLARD, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 2,500, 
 is situated on Salmon Bay, with a 
 deepwater outlet to Puget Sound; 
 has electric railway connecting with 
 Seattle, three miles distant, eight 
 churches, two public halls, electric 
 lights, foundry and machine shop, 
 boiler shop, eight shingle mills and 
 four lumber mills, stores, bank, two 
 schools, two ship yards, etc. 
 
 BELMONT, Wash. 
 U. M. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Whitman county, pop- 
 ulation 50, has one general store, 
 a blacksmith shop, hotel, school, 
 livery stable, and three grain ele- 
 vators. The lands adjacent to Bel- 
 mont are well adapted to the raising 
 of wheat and barley. 
 
 BLAINE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 2,000, 
 is opposite the Straits of San Juan 
 de Fuca, on the east shore of Puget 
 Sound. The city has water works 
 and electric light plants, five hotels, 
 two newspapers, three public schools, 
 six churches, two National banks, four 
 saw mills, graded streets, and many 
 well established business enterprises. 
 Surrounded by a fine agricultural 
 and mineral country. 
 
 424 
 
BUCKLEY, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,500, 
 has ten stores, four hotels, school, 
 weekly-newspaper, hall, seven lumber, 
 planing, and shingle mills, one sash 
 and door factory, etc. Hops and 
 lumber the principal shipments. 
 
 BUCODA, Wash. 
 N. P. R L. S. D. Population 800, 
 has three general stores, saw mill, 
 two shingle . mills, and dne hotel. 
 Coal mining is extensively carried on 
 Shipments: coal, lumber, and farm 
 produce. Plenty of game. 
 
 CARBONADO, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is on the Carbon 
 River, with a population of 1,500. 
 Principal business interest is coal 
 mining, from a mine yielding 900 
 tons daily. Carbonado has one 
 hotel, two halls, one store, two 
 churches and three schools. Products 
 and shipments: coal and lumber. 
 Deer, grouse, trout and salmon 
 abundant. 
 
 CASCADES, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is situated on 
 the north bank of the Columbia 
 River, sixty-three miles east of Port- 
 land, and is reached by steamers. 
 The landings are known as Upper 
 Cascades and Lower Cascades, the 
 latter being the landing for Cascades 
 P. O. There is a portage around 
 the Cascades, of six miles of rail- 
 road on the north bank, connecting 
 the steamers on the Lower and 
 Middle Columbia, Puget Sound and 
 S. & I. points. 
 
 CASTLE ROCK, Wash. 
 Population 1,200, has water system 
 and electric lights, nineteen stores, 
 two hotels, three steam shingle mills, 
 cutting about 200,000 shingles per 
 day, three, saw mills, two halls, three 
 churches, one bank, and a school 
 house. Logging, farming and raising 
 of fruit and hops, the prmcipal occu- 
 pations. Coal mining is also carried 
 on near this place. 
 
 CENTRALIA, Wash. 
 _ N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 3,000, 
 is one mile from the Chehalis River, 
 a small stream, and has fom; hotels, 
 
 two weekly newspapers, several saw 
 and shingle mills, two sash and 
 door factories, good hotels, stores 
 representing all branches of business, 
 schools, churches, etc. The Baptist 
 denomination have lately erected a 
 fine seminary. Lumbering and 
 farming are the principal industries, 
 also mining is being carried on 
 quite extensively near the town. 
 Surrounded by mountainous, tim- 
 bered country. Game: deer, bear, 
 grouse. Fish; trout and salmon. 
 The branch line to Montesano on 
 Gray's Harbor connects with the 
 main line at this point. Passengers 
 from the east for the Gray's Harbor 
 go via Tacoma and Olympia. 
 
 CHEHALIS, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Lewis Co. on river of Chehalis, and 
 near mouth of Newaukum River, 
 has 2,500 inhabitants, six hotels, 
 three halls, two opera hjouses, seating 
 capacity 500 each, twenty stores, 
 three newspapers, two school houses, 
 and five churches, two banks, flouring 
 mill, four shingle mills, two saw 
 mills, furniture factory, electric lights 
 and water works, etc. General farm 
 products. Shipments: hops, flour 
 stock, lumber, shingles, fish, etc. 
 Game abundant: deer, beai", cougar, 
 panther, elk, wildcat, ducks, etc. 
 Fish: trout and salmon. A line is 
 now completed to South Bend on 
 Willapa Harbor. 
 
 CHENEY, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. In. Spokane 
 county, population 1,200, is situated 
 in good farming country with abun- 
 dant timber. Is on the great plateau 
 of the Columbia, 2,300 feet above 
 sea-level. There are several lakes 
 in the neighborhood, three possessing 
 medicinal properties. It has three 
 hotels, two banks, a roller flower 
 mill, two creameries, water-works, 
 electric light, one public hall, eigh- 
 teen stores, two papers, one State 
 normal school, and four churches. 
 The new "Hotel Eaton," opened in 
 August, 1892, is suplied with all 
 modern conveniences, and is first- 
 class in every particular. Game: 
 deer, bear, prairie chicken. Fish: 
 trout. The Central Washington 
 
 42(5 
 
R- R. leave the main line at this 
 point, and runs north and west to 
 Medical Lake Davenport, Almira, 
 Coulee City, etc. 
 
 CLEALUM JUNC, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 700, 
 located on the Yakima River, has 
 six stores, three hotels, weekly 
 newspaper, church, school, hall, one 
 livery stable two saw mills and two 
 blacksmith shops. This is a fine 
 mineral section, coal, copper, iron 
 and silver being found near by. 
 Diverging point for the famous 
 Pechastin, Swauk, and Fish Lalce 
 mining districts. Game and fish 
 abundant. 
 
 COLFAX, Wash. 
 O. R. & System. County seat of 
 Whitman county, is the center of 
 an extensive and fertile region,having, 
 a large mercantile trade. A Govern- 
 ment Land Office is located here. 
 Population about 2,500. 
 
 COLTON, Wash. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 750, has a flour- 
 ing mill, church, bank, two general 
 merchandise stores; two blacksrnith 
 shops, weekly paper and job print- 
 ing office, large stock yards, new 
 hotel, brick yard, three livery stables, 
 two hardware stores, agricultural 
 implement warehouse, three elevators, 
 etc. Has a public school, besides 
 the St. Scholastica Academy, which 
 is a Catholic institution for ladies. 
 This is the center of over 100 square 
 miles of fine wheat-producing land. 
 Opera house, seating capacity 800. 
 
 COSMOPOLIS, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Population 500, is on 
 the south bank of the Chehalis River, 
 about a mile above Aberdeen. An 
 avenue joining the two is to be 
 constructed, thus practically uniting 
 their interests. Has hotel, two 
 churches, hall, school, newspaper, 
 salmon cannery, saw mill, shingle 
 mills. Principal shipments, lumber 
 and salmon. 
 
 COULEE CITY, Wash. 
 Central Washington. Population 
 200, the present terminus of the 
 
 C. W. R. R. Stages to points in the 
 Okanogan mining district. 
 
 CROCKER, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the jimction 
 point for branch line running to 
 Douty, five miles distant, at which 
 point are located the Caibon Hill 
 coal mines. 
 
 DAVENPORT, Wash. 
 Central Washington. Population 
 1,000, has several stores, three hotels, 
 brewery, newspaper, two elevators, 
 a national bank, public school^ 
 churches, one planing mill, two floirr 
 mills, and sash and door factory, 
 also a pop factory, etc. Surrounded 
 by a rich agricultural countiy on 
 the border of the famous "Big Bend." 
 Horses and cattle raised in large 
 numbers and constitute the principal 
 shipment. Small game in abundance 
 
 DAYTON, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
 River Ry. Population, 2,300 county 
 seat located on the Touchet River. 
 This is the present terminus of the 
 W. & C. R. Ry. This city is lighted 
 by electricity, has an active Board 
 of Trade, fine water power, etc. All 
 branches of industry incident to a 
 city of its size are represented in 
 Dayton. There are about forty 
 business houses, two weekly news- 
 papers, two flouring mills, a planing 
 mill, three chop mills, one foundry, 
 four public schools, eight churches, 
 court-house, ten saw mills near by, 
 a furniture factory, three hotels, etc. 
 Products: wheat, barley, oats, and 
 all kinds of fruits and vegetables. 
 
 DIXIE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
 River Ry. Population 100, has three 
 churches, a public school, feed mill 
 three stores, two hotels, etc. Situated 
 in a fine wheat and fruit country 
 and offers good inducements for a 
 general store and other branches of 
 business. 
 
 DURHAM, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
 is on the branch line running from 
 Palmer, distant three miles. It is 
 
 426 
 
the center of a rich mineral country, 
 which is being rapidly developed. 
 
 EAGLE GORGE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is a small town in 
 theforest, on Green River, surrounded 
 by picturesque mountain scenery. 
 Trout fishing good: bear, mountain 
 lions, wild cats, and deer are found 
 in the dense fir and cedar woods. 
 
 EASTON, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 100, 
 lies at the foot of the eastern slope 
 of the Cascade Mountains. Here 
 the railroad begins to ascend on a 
 standard mountain grade of 116 feet 
 to tUe mile. Magnificent views are 
 seen from the car windows. Fine 
 fishing. 
 
 ELBERTON, Wash. 
 O. R. & N. System. Population 250, 
 has two stores, one hotel, one flour 
 mill, one saw mill, two large ware- 
 houses, etc. Situated on the Palouse 
 River. 
 
 ELLENSBURG, Wash. 
 N. P. S. L. S. D. Population 3,000, 
 is 37 miles north of North Yakima 
 and one mile from the Yakima 
 River. It is the county seat of 
 Kittitas county and the railroad 
 headquarters for the Cascade Division. 
 It has good water power, two 
 flouring mills, saw mill, planing mill, 
 five hotels, bank, twenty stores, 
 three newspapers and one school 
 building, also Washington State 
 Normal school. In the adjacent 
 mountains $75,000 has been taken 
 out of placer gold mines, and 
 equally as large an amount from 
 quartz rock, by most primitive pro- 
 cesses. Recently an extensive deposit, 
 bearing 50 to 80 per cent, in copper 
 and $15 to $1,000 in silver per ton, 
 and in the same vicinity good 
 bituminous coal, in five to eight 
 feet veins, has been found. Rich 
 veins of copper ore have also been 
 discovered. Ellensburgh is situated 
 in Kittitas Valley, 15 to 20 miles 
 long, -and is surrounded on the east 
 and south by bunch grass hills and 
 table lands, and on the north and 
 (vest by the semi-timbered lands of 
 the Cascade Mountains. Products: 
 
 grain, hay, stock. Shipments: live 
 stock of all kinds, wool and bacon. 
 Large and small game and fish 
 abundant. 
 
 ELMA. Wash. 
 N. P. R. Population 900, is situated 
 one mile from the Chehalis River, 
 in the heart of a rich agricultural 
 region; coal, iron, brick and potters' 
 clay are found in large quantities. 
 Inexhaustible forests of fir, spruce, 
 cedar, ash, and maple timber near 
 by. Eight stores, public school, five 
 churches, bank, two hotels, weekly 
 paper and opera house, six steam 
 saw mills, two shingle mills and 
 one grist mill. 
 
 EVERETT, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Located on Port 
 Gardner, an inlet of Puget Sound. 
 The Snohomish River forms the 
 eastern boundary of the city, and is 
 navigable from its mouth to a point 
 ten or twelve miles above the city 
 for steamers of comparatively light 
 draught. It is proposed, however, 
 to dredge out this river and form an 
 extensive fresh-water harbor. Everett 
 was founded some years ago, and is 
 recognized as an important manufac- 
 turing center. The Pacific Steel 
 Co.'s plant is located at Everett, on 
 the Snohomish River, and is a 
 branch of the American Steel Barge 
 Co., of West Superior. They have 
 constructed two whaleback steamers 
 especially adapted for Pacific Ocean 
 navigation. The Puget Sound Pulp 
 & Paper Co. are located at East 
 Everett, and have the most complete 
 plant for the production of paper on 
 the Pacific Coast, their product being 
 manufactured from spruce and 
 Cottonwood timber. The Puget 
 Sound Wire Nail Co. have a very 
 extensive plant for the manufactm-e 
 of steel wire nails here. The city 
 has a population of 5,000 people, 
 has three banks, three newspapers, 
 and the usual number of churches 
 and schools; well equipped with 
 telephone. District Messenger, Trans- 
 fer Co., and such conveniences. 
 There are two railroads, the Great 
 Northern and the Everett & Monte 
 Cristo Railway, the trains of the 
 latter Company connecting at 
 
 427 
 
Snohomisli with all trains on the 
 S. & I. R'y, which connects with the 
 N. P. R. R. at Seattle. The E. &. M. 
 C. R'y is being completed from 
 Everett to the famous Monte Cristo 
 mining district, which from all 
 indications is rich in precious metals. 
 This road will be completed this 
 summer, and W5is built to bring 
 these ores to the Puget Sound 
 Reduction Works, located at Everett, 
 and which are now about completed. 
 These works are the most extensive 
 of the kind on the coast. There are 
 seven saw and shingle mills located 
 at Everett, whose product is shipped 
 largely to Eastern markets. 
 FAIRFIELD, Wash. 
 O. R. & N. System. Population 200, 
 has two hotels, a public hall, one 
 school, four general stores, two 
 elevators, two warehouses, lumber 
 yard, etc. Situated in good farming 
 district, with abundance of water 
 and timber at hand. 
 
 FAIRHAVEN, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 4,100, 
 is a new town on Bellingham Bay, 
 with a fine harbor. The water at 
 low tide is thirty feet deep at the 
 wharf, thus allowing all vessels to 
 land at any time with safety. Its 
 growth has been very rapid. At 
 present it has gas, electric light, 
 water works, electric railways, hotel, 
 four banks, etc. 
 
 FARMINGTON, Wash. 
 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 700, has a flour- 
 ing mill, planing mill, machine and 
 blacksmith shops, several general 
 stores, newspaper, two hotels, pubUc 
 hall, bank, school, churches, grain 
 warehouses, electric light plant, etc. 
 Surrounded by fine fruit and farm- 
 ing country. This is the present ter- 
 minus of the branch from Belmont. 
 
 GARFIELD, Wash. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 800, has ten 
 general stores, two elevators, four 
 warehouses, four halls, two hotels, 
 churches, newspaper, bank, school, 
 machine shops, flouring mill, water- 
 works, etc. At this pomt connection 
 is made with the U. P. for Colfax. 
 
 GRAY'S -HARBOR. 
 Is located nearly due west of 
 Olympia, on the Pacific Coast line 
 of the State of Washington. The 
 bay is about eighteen miles in length, 
 with a greatest width of fourteen 
 miles, "rhe entrance to the bay 
 from the ocean is across a bar, but 
 as the depth of the water at low 
 tide is twenty-two feet. It is not 
 difficult for sailing vessels to enter. 
 The surrounding country is covered 
 with a dense forest growth, in which 
 the Douglas fir largely predominates, 
 spruce, cedar, and hemlock coming 
 next in the order named. The country 
 north of Gray's Harbor between the 
 Olympic Range and the ocean is 
 exceedingly productive. This strip, 
 extending to the Strait of Fuca, 
 is from 20 to 30 miles wide, 
 and when dared of timber proves 
 very rich and fertile. Numerous 
 streams flow into the Harbor, 
 the largest being the Humtulips, 
 Hoquiam, Wishkah and Chehalis 
 rivers. "The first three are navigable 
 at high tide for a few miles from 
 their mouths. On the Chehalis, 
 steamers of considerable size ply 
 regularly for a distance of thirteen 
 miles, and occasionally trips cire 
 made for thirty miles farther. Along 
 the rivers and creeks the bottom 
 lands have a very deep and rich 
 alluvial soil, highly productive of 
 wheat, oats, barlev, timothy, hops, 
 clover, etc. This land is being rap- 
 idly settled and developed. TheNorth- 
 ern Pacific is now running trains to 
 Aberdeen, and Ocosta. The chief 
 points in this section are Hoquiam, 
 Elma, Aberdeen, Cosmopolis, Monte- 
 sano and Ocosta. 
 
 HADLOCK, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. At the head of 
 Port Townsend Bay, population 300, 
 has a fine new saw mill, hotel, store, 
 hall and school. 
 
 HOQUIAM, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Population 1,200, is 
 situated at the mouth of the Hoquiam 
 River. It has a sash and door fac- 
 tory, saw mills, shingle mill under 
 contract, two cabinet shops, church, 
 school, four hotels, newpaper, etc. 
 
 428 
 
"The Hoquiam" is a large, hand- 
 some, modern hotel, standmg on the 
 beach of the harbor, and is an 
 attractive resort for tourists. Salnion 
 fishing and canning is the principal 
 fish industry, although cod, halibut, 
 sea bass and trout are abundant. 
 Products: fruits, vegetables, hay, etc. 
 Shipments: principally lumlDer. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 100, in 
 the valley of Green River, is fast 
 becoming a noted health resort. 
 Ample hotel accommodations. 
 
 HUNT'S JUNCTION, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the junction 
 point of the Northern Pacific and 
 Wasla. & Col. River R. R., running 
 to Walla Walla, Pendleton, Athena, 
 Waitsburg, and Dayton. 
 
 ILWACO BEACH, Wash. 
 
 South Bend Line. Is the name 
 given to the naiTOW split which divi- 
 des Willapa Bay from the Pacific 
 Ocean. It is eighteen miles long and 
 from a half, to one and one-half 
 miles wide. The Ilwako R. & N. 
 Co. hasa narrow gange railroad run- 
 ning along the beach for nearly its 
 entire length. The beach has for 
 years been a favorite summer resort, 
 \he surf bathing unsurpassed, and 
 ihe already large number of visitors 
 is increasing yearly. There are 
 Excellent hotel accomodations at a 
 dozen points along the beach and 
 hundreds of cottages. With the 
 opening up Of direct rail communica- 
 tion between this beach and the 
 interior, by way of the railroad to 
 South Bend Ilwaco will become a 
 popular resort for the entire North- 
 west. 
 
 JOHNSON'S, Wash. 
 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 200, two general 
 stores, one church, two gi^ain ele- 
 vators, one drug store, hotel, livery, 
 lumber yard, bank; and fruit is 
 shipped m large quantities to Mon- 
 tana and Idaho. 
 
 KALAMA, Wash. 
 Population 1,250, the county seat 
 of Cowlitz County, is on the Co- 
 
 lumbia River, northwest of Portland. 
 It has two hotels, thirteen stores, 
 tlu-ee saw and shingle mills, one 
 bank, and three churches. Fishing 
 principal industry, salmon and stur- 
 geon being caught in large quantities. 
 The largest sturgSon packing concern 
 on the Pacific c6ast is located here. 
 Has water power and electric lights 
 Good harbor. 
 
 KELSO, Wash., . 
 Population 1,000, has seven general 
 stores, two churches, two hotels, a 
 weekly newspaper, a Presbyterian 
 academy, two shingle mills, and one 
 saw mill. It is situated at the con- 
 fluence of the Coweman and Cowlitz 
 r-ivers, logging streams, and is fast 
 coming into notice as an enterprising 
 town. 
 
 KENNEWICK, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150, 
 situated on the west bank of the 
 Columbia River, in the midst of a 
 highly fertile, irrigated country. The 
 town has ample water power for an 
 electric light plant 'and waterworks. 
 Kennewick is the distributing point 
 for the country twenty miles north, 
 south, and west. Large shipments 
 of wheat, horses, cattle, sheep, and 
 wool are made from here. Owing 
 to its location on the Columbia 
 River, and its elevation of 350 feet 
 above sea level, it has as mild and 
 delightful a climate as any town in 
 Eastern Washington, this being a 
 fine climate for raising fruits, veg- 
 etables, grain, hops, etc. ■ A fine 
 hotel has recently been built. One 
 irrigating ditch has been completed 
 and another nearly completed. Small 
 game and fish in abundance. 
 
 KENT, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,300, 
 fifty stores, one bank, one news- 
 paper, four hotels, town hall, saw, 
 shingle, and planing mill, laundry, 
 furnace factory, canning factory, and 
 is in the center of a fine hop-grow- 
 ing country. Surrounded by a rich 
 agricultural country, and rapidly 
 growing. 
 
 429 
 
KIONA, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 25, 
 situated on the Yakima River. A 
 large irrigation canal has brought 
 ander cultivation several thousand 
 acres of good lands. This is in a 
 fine valley for fmit raising. 
 
 LA CONNER, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Near the north 
 fork of the Skagit River, has a 
 population of 600, three hotels, one 
 public hall, six stores, one news- 
 paper, one school building, and three 
 churches. Hay presses, various 
 agricultural implements, and furniture 
 are manufactxrred here. Surrovmdiug 
 country is rich bottom lands, with 
 productions of oats, barley, wdieat, 
 potatoes, hay, and fruit. Oats the 
 principal shipment. Deer, salmon, 
 trout, rock cod, etc., are abundant. 
 
 LAKE VIEW, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200. 
 junction point for line to Olympia 
 and Gray's Harbor country. Has 
 hotel, rolling, planing, and feed 
 mills. 
 
 LESTER, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200. 
 Lumbering principal industry. 
 
 MABTON, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Stage leaves daily 
 for the Sunnyside district, distance 
 seven miles, faie $1. 
 
 MARSHALL JUNCTION, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 100, 
 has good water power, furnished by 
 Lake Creek, a saw, mill, store, one 
 hotel, and one school building. This 
 is the junction point with the Palouse 
 Branch, running south to Moscow 
 and Genesee, Idaho, and passing 
 tluough the fertile Palouse country. 
 
 MARTIN, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is at east end of 
 the Great Tunnel through the 
 Cascade Momitains. Surromided b)' 
 a heavily timbered country. Iron 
 mines a few miles distant. 
 
 The tunnel under Stampede Pass 
 is nearly two miles long and is the 
 second tunnel in length in the 
 United .Stales, being exceeded only 
 
 by the Hoosac Tunnel in Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 MEDICAL LAKE, Wash. 
 
 Central Washington R. R'. This 
 remarkable lake is situated eight 
 miles northwesterly from Cheney, 
 on the Central Washington branch, 
 in Spokane county, on ap elevated 
 plateau, and surrounded by an ev- 
 ergreen border of pine, fir and ta- 
 marack timber. 
 
 The lake is about a mile and a 
 half long and half a mile wide. Its 
 medicinal properties have been known 
 to the Indians of the northwestein 
 Pacific Coast from a time lar beyond 
 the knowledge of the oldest inhab- 
 itant, and it is held in great venera- 
 tion by them as "Skookum Chuck, 
 Pe Sauklee Tyee lUihe," or Strong 
 Water from the Sacred Ground. 
 
 There are many places along its 
 pine-shaded banks yet to be seen 
 where these people have piled rocks 
 together for the purpose of heating 
 them preparatory to taking a protract- 
 ed sweat for the cure of rheumatism 
 or other diseases. The lake has no 
 visible outlet, but is constantlj'^ fed 
 by two known and enormous springs. 
 Careful analytical tests show twelve 
 medicinal properties in its waters 
 right from nature's own great lab- 
 oratory. There are three good hotels, 
 commodious bath houses, splendid 
 drives, delightful camping places, 
 and an abundance of fish in the 
 other lakes in the immediate vicin- 
 ity. Insane Asylum for Eastern 
 Washington is situated here. No 
 country affords a better field for the 
 sportsman. 
 
 Round-trip tickets to Medical Lake 
 are on sale at St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
 Duluth, and Ashland, af a low rate 
 during the season. Stop-overs grant- 
 ed at any point within liniit of 
 'ticket. 
 
 MONTESANO, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Popidation 1,200, county 
 seat of Chehalis County, is prac- 
 tically the head of navigation on the 
 Chehalis River. It has four general 
 merchandise stores, three grocery 
 stores, two drug stores, two saloons, 
 bakery, jewelry store, photo gallery, 
 two furniture stores, a furniture fac- 
 
 430 
 
tory, harness shop, one sash, and 
 door factory, one bank, four churches, 
 public school, four hotels, two weekly 
 papers, and the Chehalis valley 
 Academy, etc. The surrounding 
 country is well watered and all the 
 conditions are excellent for general 
 farming, dairying, and stock raising. 
 Steamboats ply between Montesano 
 and the towns on the harbor, and 
 ships are loaded here with lumber. 
 
 NAPA VINE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
 has four saw mills, three general 
 stores, one hall, a school and church, 
 Lmnbering is the principal business 
 interest. 
 
 NEW WHATCOM, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
 of Whatcom County, located on 
 Bellingham Bay, has a population of 
 12,000. Lake Whatcom, which is 
 thirteen miles long, distant three 
 miles in the ruterior, and 307 feet 
 above high tide on the bay, supplies 
 the city with water and furnishes 
 good water power. The city has 
 three daily and two weekly papers, 
 five public schools, seven churches, 
 five banks, ten hotels, seven saw 
 mills, with an aggregate capacity of 
 500,000 feet daily, three shiagle 
 mills, two sash and door factories, 
 , numerous business enterprises 
 representing all lines of industries, 
 electric-light plant, and has seven 
 miles of electric railway, etc. New 
 Whatcom is a consolidation of the 
 municipalities of Whatcom and 
 Sehome. Coal mines yielding 
 inexhaustible supply; iron mines 
 undeveloped. Good farming "bot- 
 tom lands", heavily covered with 
 timber. Products: oats, hay, pota- 
 toes, fruit, vegetables. Game of all 
 kinds, and both salt and fresh water 
 fish abundant. Immediately west 
 of Whatcom, varying from eight to 
 fifteen miles, are the famous islands 
 in the San Juan group. Scenery 
 and fishing on Lake Whatcom, very 
 fine. 
 
 NORTH YAKIMA, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 3,000, 
 is situated at the junction of the 
 Yakima and Nachess rivers, on a 
 
 highly fertile, irrigated plain, and 
 the N. P. Y. & K. I. Co. are con- 
 structing a canal sixty miles long 
 which will open for settlement 
 thousands of acres of fine land in 
 this section. The streets are planted 
 on both sides with shade trees, and 
 water is conducted through them in 
 ditches. The town is supplied with 
 water-works and sewer, and electric 
 light plant, and has four hotels, a 
 grist mill (capacity 100 barrels per 
 day), one saw mill, three weekly 
 newspapers, two banks, six churches, 
 an opera house and two schools. 
 The surrounding country is produc- 
 tive of all kinds of grain, fruit, and 
 hops, and the town is an important 
 center of trade. Large consignments 
 of cattle and hops are shipped from 
 this station every season. 
 
 OAKESDALE, Wash. 
 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 1,800, has three 
 hotels, three banks, two schools, 
 five churches, various stores, one 
 newspaper, opera house seating 300, 
 planing miU, flour mill, two ele- 
 vators, electric lights, water-works, 
 and seven grain warehouses. The 
 surrounding country is rolling, well 
 adapted to the raising of wheat, 
 barley, oats, etc. 
 
 OCOSTA, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. Population 400, is situated 
 on the south side of Gray's Harbor. 
 Pacific Ocean Terminus of the North- 
 ern Pacific Ry., on the Bay of Gray's 
 Harbor. Has large saws mills, sash 
 and door factory, two shingle and 
 cedar mills, brick yards and brewery. 
 One newspaper, school building, and 
 excellent hotel facilities. Both rail and 
 steamer connections with all points on 
 the coast and the interior. SouthBend 
 and other points on Willapa Bay are 
 reached from Aberdeen, Hoquiam 
 and Ocosta by steamer to Peterson's 
 Point, thence, by stage along the 
 beach of the Pacific Ocean to North 
 Cove and thence by steamer on 
 Willapa Bay. This is a very attract- 
 ive excursion for summer tourists 
 on acount of its fine beach for 
 bathing. 
 
 431 
 
OLYMPIA, Wash. 
 N. p. R. L. S. D. Population 5,000, 
 capital of the State of Washington. 
 :ind county seat of Thurston County, 
 lyOcated at the head of Puget Sound, 
 has fine harbor, can be reached by 
 the largest vessels. On the North- 
 ern Pacific Ry.'s Gray's Harbor line. 
 Mas water works, electric leight, 
 and street railway plant; telephone 
 system, local and long distance; U. 
 .S. Land Office, U. S. Surveyor- 
 General's Office; one large hotel, 
 115 rooms, and several smaller ones; 
 two National banks, one daily and 
 five weekly newspapers, one educa- 
 tional magazine, new $ 1,000,000 
 State capitol building, fine opera 
 hoiise, seven church buildings, two 
 college buildings, three large public 
 school buildings, one business college, 
 one hospital, three saw mills, one 
 sash and door factory, one wood 
 water pipe factory, sixty stores and 
 business places. Products: Fruit, 
 vegetables, hay, etc. Shipments: 
 Lumber, shingles, ice, wood water 
 pipe, clams, ovsters, and fish. Game: 
 Bear, deer, ducks, geese, pheasants, 
 quail, etc. Fish: Salmon, trout, smelt, 
 clams, etc. Shipments of native 
 oysters and clams exceed any other 
 point on the Pacific Coast 
 
 ORTING, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,000, 
 has two hotels, ten stores, two halls, 
 two saw and shingle mills, school, 
 three churches, two meat markets, 
 two blacksmith shops, two saloons, 
 restaurant, opera house, and Wash- 
 ington Soldiers 'Home one and one- 
 fourth miles south. The Orting 
 Branch runs from this point to the 
 lumbering regions of the Muck and 
 Sucotash Valleys. 
 
 PALMER, Wash. 
 N. P. R. I>. S. D. Population 40, in 
 the picturesque valley of the Green 
 River, is becoming a popular pleasure 
 resort. There is excellent trout 
 fishing in the swift mountain stream. 
 
 PALOUSE, Wash. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 1,800, is quite 
 a lumbering center, the logs being 
 
 run down Palouse River from the 
 mountains. It has twenty-five stores, 
 two hotels, five churches, two weekly 
 newspapers, water-works, two flour- 
 ing mills, one saw mill, one planing 
 mill, • six warehouses, creamery and 
 pottery. The town supplies a large 
 region with general merchandise, 
 and is to some extent a gold mining 
 town, there being good quartz leads 
 in the neighboring mountains. Sur- 
 rounded by fine farming country. 
 
 PASCO JUNC. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
 of Franklin county, has 400 inhab- 
 itants, ten stores, lumber yard, 
 school, two first-class hotels, brewery, 
 a weekly new^saper, and a public 
 hall. It is situated about two miles 
 from the confluence of the Snake 
 and Columbia rivers, and is the 
 junction point of the main line with 
 the line via Wallula Junction and 
 the Columbia River. The heavy 
 bunch grass found in this section 
 makes stockraising an exceedingly 
 profitable business, as the winters 
 are mild, and good grazing can be 
 had during the entire year. 
 
 POMEROY, Wash. 
 O, R. & N. System. Population 
 1,500, in Garfield country, has one 
 hotel eight stores, one bakery, two 
 meat markets, two drug stores, two 
 livery stables, one brewer}% three 
 newspapers, one National bank, two 
 harness shops, three churches, one 
 school, three agricultural implement 
 stores, four blacksmith shops, etc. 
 
 PORT ANGELES, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Clallam county, population 4,000, is 
 the first port of entry on the Strait 
 of Juan De Fuca. , Port Angeles is 
 noted for its fine natural harbor, 
 and is the only city ever laid out by 
 the United States Government, 
 excepting Washington, D. C. It has 
 important coal, lumbering, and 
 fishing interests, with a large ter- 
 ritory of fertile valleys tributary to 
 it. A great number of tourists nave 
 visited the Gate City. The last two 
 years there has been a good road to 
 Lake Crescent, sixteen miles to the 
 southwest, where good accommoda- 
 
 482 
 
tions can be had, with fine hunting 
 and fishing during the summer. A 
 ' stage runs every day during the 
 summer season, between Port Angeles 
 and Lake Crescent; and two com- 
 fortable steam launches as well as 
 row boats are there for the 
 accommodation of the tourists. 
 Excursion tickets to the game and 
 troiit country, "Lake Crescent," via 
 Seattle. Steamer daily to Port 
 Angeles, except Sunday. 
 
 PORT GAMBIE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, 
 situated between Port Madison and 
 Port Ludlow, has one store, one 
 church, one hall, one school and 
 one large saw mill. Exports lumber. 
 
 PORT LUDIOW, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On Saltwater Bay, 
 population 300, has one lumber mill, 
 one hotel, one store, one public hall, 
 one school. 
 
 PORT MADISON, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Sound, 
 population 250, the county seat of 
 Kitsap County, has one store, one 
 saw mill, one school. Lumber is 
 about the only shipment. 
 
 PORT TOWNSEND, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Jeiferson county, is an important 
 port on the west side of Port 
 Townsend Bay, with a population of 
 3,800. It is the port of entry for 
 the Puget Sound customs district, 
 also U. S. Quarantine Station. It 
 has seven hotels, five national banks, 
 one opera house, one saw mill, two 
 foundries and machine shops, one 
 sash and door factory, steel, wire 
 and naU works, two public halls, 
 twenty-four stores, two daily and 
 weekly newspapers, two large school 
 buildings, six churches, and new 
 water wbfks. The sufroundrng 
 country heavily timbered. Shipments : 
 oats, barley, potatoes, hay and pelts. 
 Deer, geese, ducks, abundant; also 
 halibut, salmon and bass. A United 
 States marine hospital is located 
 here. 
 
 PRESCOTT, Wash. 
 
 O. R. & N. System. Population 
 200, has four stores, one school 
 
 building, flouring mill and two 
 churches. Wheat and flour the 
 principal shipments. 
 
 PROSSER, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 255 
 at the falls of the Yakima River, is 
 the station for the Horse Heaven 
 Country, a rich and productive body 
 of land now being rapidly settled; 
 has school and hotel. In the valley 
 near Prosser are thousands of acres 
 of rich land which are irrigated by 
 ditches from the river. A good 
 water-power is utilized for a flour 
 mill. Large shipments of horses, 
 cattle, sheep, wool and flour are 
 made from this point. 
 
 PULLMAN, Wash. 
 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 2,000 is in 
 center of fine agricultural section, 
 and has fifteen stores, three banks, 
 five churches, school-house, lumber 
 yards, brick yards, six grain' ele- 
 vators, planing mills, three halls, 
 opera house, seating capacity 900, 
 State agricultural college, and school 
 of science and four hotels. Products: 
 flax, wheat, oats, and barley. The 
 O. R. & N. crosses the Palouse Une 
 here. 
 
 RIP ARIA, Wash. 
 
 O. R. & N. System. On the Snake 
 River, population about '3O, is the 
 transfer station of the O. R. &. N. 
 Co., to its Snake River Division. 
 Steamers run from here to Almota 
 and Lewiston twice a week. 
 
 RITZVILLE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400. 
 County seat of Adams county, has 
 twenty-five stores, three blacksmith 
 shops, one saddle shop, three churches; 
 school buildings, two hotels, two 
 lumber yards, one cabinet shop, 
 one newspaper, three agi-icultural 
 stores, etc. It is situated in the 
 center of a fine farming and grazing 
 country, 
 
 ROSALIA, Wash. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 600, has four 
 general merchandise and several 
 other stores, a hotel, one bank, 
 public hall, school building, two 
 
 4Cb 
 
churches, newspaper, etc. Is a ship- 
 ping point for large quantities of 
 wheat, barley, etc. ; has two elevators, 
 brick-yard, and five gi^ain ware- 
 houses. 
 
 ROSLYN, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is on the branch 
 line running from Clealum Junction, 
 distant four miles. It is the center 
 of the great Roslyn coal fields, which 
 supply nearly all the towns in 
 Eastern Washington with fuel; and 
 iron ore fields north of Roslyn, 
 known as the Upper Clealum or 
 Fish Lake, is one of the richest in 
 the State; several hundred men are 
 now ia these mines and the section 
 is filling up rapidly. P.opulation of 
 2,300, SIX churches, two hotels, saw 
 mill, planing mill, brewery, electric 
 lights, fire department, town hall, 
 numerous stores, cigar factoiy, two 
 weekly newspapers, and a fine school- 
 house. The mines are owned by the 
 Northern Pacific Coal Co. Daily 
 output, about 2,500 tons. 
 
 SAMISH, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On Bellingham 
 Bay, has a population of 300, two 
 hotels, one store, two school 
 buildings. Coal and iron have been 
 discovered; but no mines have yet 
 been developed. Surrounding country 
 covered with forests of fir and 
 cedaj-. Game: ducks and geese. 
 Fish: salmon, halibut, oysters. 
 
 SEATTLE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is situated on 
 Elliott Bay, one of the harbors of 
 Puget Sound, and one hundred miles 
 from the Pacific Ocean. The harbor 
 is one of the largest and safest on 
 the Pacific Coast' and well provided 
 with coal bunikers, grain elevators, 
 wharves, md docks, as well as all 
 appliances necessary to an important 
 shipping port. It has a population of 
 65,000 people, who act m concert 
 upon all matters affecting the city's 
 welfare. It is located on a peninsula 
 bounded on the west by Elliot Bay, 
 on the north by Salmon Bay, Lake 
 Union, and the Ocean Canal, now 
 building, connecting Lake Washing- 
 ton with Puget Sound, on the east b}^ 
 Lake Washington, five miles wide by 
 Iwenty-four long. The Lake Wash- 
 
 434 
 
 ington Waterway Company, under 
 contract with the State of Washing- 
 ton, are now constructing two deep 
 watenvays through the southern 
 part of the city to connect with a 
 canal from Elliott Bay to Lake 
 Washington, of depth and width 
 sufficient to float the largest ships. 
 This canal will make L,ake Wash- 
 ington a great fresh- water harbor,, 
 opening directly into the salt water 
 harbor of Elliott Bay, affording 
 splendid facilities for manufacturing 
 industries and a shipping point for 
 coal, which is extensively mined 
 within a few miles of the lake. 
 
 Seattle is the county seat of King 
 County, which is rich in natural 
 resources, embracing 60,000 acres 
 of coal fields within a radius of 
 thirty-six miles; iron in abundant 
 quantities, fertile and extensive 
 valleys of wonderfully productive 
 soil well adapted for raising hops, 
 hay, potatoes, all vegetables, fruits 
 and berries, and especially adapted 
 for dairying, as the climatic condi- 
 tions pei-mit of stock running out 
 all the year round and grasses to 
 grow at all seasons. The surface 
 of the country is covered with fine 
 forests of fir, cedar, spruce, and 
 hardwood timber, and logging and 
 lumbering are among the stable 
 industries of Western Washington, 
 and are extensively carried on in 
 the vicinity of Seattle. The Port 
 Blakely Mill Co., alone, whose mill 
 is the largest in the world, shipped 
 by sea, coastwise and foreign. 
 106,462,403 feet of lumber during 
 1895. During the same period there 
 were shipped through Seattle, 12,500 
 carloads of red cedar shingles, des- 
 tined to points in nearly every State 
 in the Union. 
 
 Seattle has four railroads, three 
 of which are transcontinental lines, 
 running east, south, and north, thus 
 bringing the entire State in direct 
 connection with it and affording 
 splendid facilities for jobbing and 
 trading with the interior. It has 
 steamship lines running to all Puget 
 Sound, Pacific Coast, and British 
 Columbia points as well as direct 
 steamer lines to Alaska, Cential 
 America, Sandwich Island, and the 
 Orient. 
 
The foreign and coastwise trade 
 of Seattle is constantly growing and 
 extending, and is a great factor in 
 her commercial prosperity. It is 
 the headquarters of a large sealing 
 fleet that operates upon the Japan 
 and Alaska coasts and in Behring Sea, 
 taking fur seals. Fishing is exten- 
 sively carried on i. e., both salmon 
 for canning and fiesh iish, consisting 
 of haibut, cod, and salmon for 
 shipment east by rail as far as the 
 Atlantic seaboard cities. 
 
 The manufacturing interests of 
 Seattle are uicreasing rapidly. Several 
 large plants are in course of con- 
 struction, one being that of Moran 
 Brothers, who are building two steel 
 torpedo boats and a revenue tug 
 boat for United States Government,- 
 large packing house, glass factory, 
 and flouring-null. Those already m 
 operation are sawmills, shipyards, 
 drydocks, iron and brass foundries, 
 machine shops, saw works, soap 
 works, cracker factories, breweries, 
 ice, candy, sash and door, furniture, 
 upholstering and excelsior, carriage 
 and wagon, cigar and box factories, 
 woodenware works, woolen mills, 
 tanneries, salmon canneries, marble 
 and stone works, plaster, roofing, 
 soda and bottling works, broom, 
 boot and shoe, extract factories 
 creosotiug works, vinegar and pickle 
 works, cold storage plants, cereal 
 and flouring miUs, wheat elevator, 
 terra cotta and sewer pipe works, etc. 
 
 Upward of one hundred wholesale 
 houses are engaged in jobbing dry 
 goods, furnishmg goods, groceries, 
 candies, boots and shoes, drugs, 
 liquors,cigars,ship-chandlery,machin- 
 ery, saws, paper, stationery, books, 
 notions, guns, ammunition, and 
 sporting goods, hardware, jewelry, 
 and other lines. 
 
 ■ Exports: Lumber, wheat, flour, 
 beer, groceries, lime, spars, etc. 
 
 Shipments: Coal lumber, shingles, 
 spars, hops, salmon, hay, grain, hides, 
 leather, wool, furs, seal skins, fruits, 
 clams and oysters, fresh and dried 
 fish, and manufactured goods. 
 
 The business portion of the city 
 was destroyed by fire June 6, 1889, 
 and the old wooden buildings con- 
 sumed have been replaced by massive 
 brick and stone blocks, more substan- 
 
 tial and more handsome m arcnitec- 
 ture than in any other city of the 
 Pacific Northwest. 
 
 The principal streets of the city 
 have been paved with vitrified brick 
 during the past year, an improvement 
 whicli has enhanced the beauty ol 
 the city greatly. Seattle has ninety- 
 four miles of cable and electric street 
 railway; is the seat of the State 
 University of Washington, which 
 was moved to its present site in 
 1895 and erected at a cost of $120,000. 
 Culture education, and religous 
 institutions of the city keep pace 
 with its commercial progress, and 
 every modern facility is found within 
 its borders. 
 
 Congress has established an Army 
 Post at Seattle and made appropria- 
 tion for fortifications, for the protec- 
 tion of Puget Sound with its com- 
 merce to all parts of the world. Each 
 year it its becoming more apparent 
 that Seattle, by reason of its location, 
 material resources and people, is 
 attracting the greatest enterprises 
 and the best class of emigration. 
 
 Seattle is the gateway to the 
 northern Territory of Alaska, which 
 is attracting attention throughout 
 the country on account of the rich 
 -gold fields of the Yukon and Cook's 
 Inlet, and the business with that 
 territory has reached large propor- 
 tions within the past few years. 
 
 Population in 1880, 3,533; in 1890, 
 42,837 ; in December, 1896, 65,000. 
 
 Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
 
 B. M. Mc. Ginnis, Agt. Can. Pac, 
 Seattle Wash. 
 
 / A. Nadeau, Agt. North Pac, 
 Seattle Wash. 
 
 A. Chilberg, Seattle Wash. 
 
 SEDRO, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 900, 
 connecting point for Cascade and 
 Ruby Creek mineral districts. The 
 town has a fine hotel, public school, 
 two churches, two newspapers, bank, 
 and mercantile esttiblishments. Center 
 of large lumbering and mining 
 districts. Coal mines and coking 
 ovens adjacent. Two shingle mills 
 
 435 
 
with daily capacity of. 300,000 located 
 here and mills within a radius of 
 ten miles with daily output of over 
 1,000,000. Large logging and timber 
 interests; three saw mills located in 
 suburbs of the town. Fine trout 
 fishing; deer and grouse abundant. 
 
 SHELTON, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. p. At the head of 
 one of the western arms of Paget 
 Sound, is the tidewater terminus of 
 a logging railroad, which runs back 
 into the heavily timbered country 
 for a distance of about twenty miles. 
 Shelton has a population of about 
 700, 2ind has a newspaper and a 
 number of stores. 
 
 SNOHOMISH, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the county seat 
 of Snohomish county, located on the 
 Snohomish River, five miles from 
 tidewater, has a population of 4,000, 
 and is practically the head of naviga- 
 tion. It has one daily, one tri- 
 weekly, and one weekly newspaper, 
 three public schools, five churches, 
 two national banks, six hotels, six 
 saw mills with an aggregate capacity 
 of 300,000 feet daily, one sash and 
 door factory, etc. It has an electric 
 light plant, water-works, etc. Good 
 farming bottom lands heavily covered 
 with timber. Products: oats, ha}^ 
 fruits, and vegetables. Game of all 
 kinds and both salt and fresh water 
 fish abundant. Snohomish is the 
 principal distributing point for the 
 new and famous Monte Cristo and 
 Silver Creek mining districts, and is 
 to-day one of the most prosperous 
 cities on Puget Sound. 
 
 SOPENAH, Wash. 
 N. P.. R. L. S D. Population 350, 
 has a sewer pipe and drain tile fac- 
 tory capable of turning out four car 
 loads of material daily. Chief 
 resources, logging, shingle mill, etc. 
 
 SOUTH Bend, Wash, 
 South Bend Line. Population 1,500, 
 geaport of Wijlapa Harbor, located 
 at the mouth of the Willapa River. 
 Terminus of the Northern Pacific 
 Railway's "South Bend Line," from 
 Chelialis to South Bend. Is prac- 
 tically only a little over six years 
 
 old, having a population, January, 
 1890, of 40, and July, 1896, 1,500; 
 its growth has been mai-velous, and 
 is due to its geographical position, 
 and the fact that it is the seaport of 
 one of the few-first class haibors on 
 the Pacific Coast. Towing distance to 
 sea is only sixteen miles. Is the 
 natural center of a rich tributary 
 country. There are now three saw 
 mills, one box factory, two sash 
 and door factories, two salmon 
 canneries, one bank, three news- 
 papers, six hotels," one of which, 
 "The Willapa," is one of the finest 
 on the coast. Has a first-class electric 
 light system in operation, also water 
 works. An extensive system of filling 
 a large tide flat on which the busi- 
 ness portion of the city is located, 
 b)"- dredging from the river. Daily 
 lines of steamers run to Sealana, 
 connecting with Ilwako R. & N. Co. 
 to Astoria; also to North Cove, 
 connecting with stage line to Gray's 
 Harbor; there are also regular lines 
 of steamers to San Francisco. 
 
 SOUTH PRAIRIE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the westf.rn 
 side of the Cascade Mountains, has 
 250 inhabitants, two hotels, two 
 general stores, and church, public 
 hall. This is a coal-mining town. 
 
 SOUTH TACOMA, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. The new car 
 shops of the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 way, costing $ 1,000,000, are located 
 here. South Tacoma has four hotels, 
 one bank, four churches, two drug 
 stores, schools, sixteen stores, elec- 
 tric light, electric car line, etc. 
 Population 1,500. 
 
 SPANGLE, Wash. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Spokane county, population 
 600, has two hotels, five grain ware- 
 houses, one agricultural - implement 
 house, school, bank, three churches, 
 theatre, hall, five general stores, saw 
 mill, two blacksmith shops, lumber 
 and wood yard, two drug stores, 
 creamery, brick yard, etc. The sur- 
 rounding country is rolling prairie 
 and timbered hills, adapting it for 
 agriculture and stock-raising. Pro- 
 
 436 
 
ducts: wheat, oats, bcirley, potatoes, 
 and vegetables. 
 
 SPOKANE, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 35,000, 
 countjr seat of Spokane conty. is 
 beautifully situated on both sides of 
 the Spokane River, on the Idaho 
 Division " of the Northern Pacific 
 Railway. Four railroads enter 
 Spokane, and the following branches 
 of the Northern Pacific : The Palouse 
 Branch which traverses the rich 
 farming country of the Palouse 
 Valley; the Ft. Sherman Branch, 
 which, with its connections, pen- 
 etrates to the great Coeur d'Alene 
 mining Country; and the Central 
 Washington R. R. running west to 
 Medical Lake and Davenport. It is 
 surrounded by vast forests of valuable 
 timber, picturesque mountains and 
 fertile vaUays, the latter yielding, 
 with little effort of the agriculturist 
 and horticulturist, immense returns 
 of grain and fruits. The site 
 upon which the city stands is a 
 most picturesque one. The Falls of 
 the Spokane River, which in the 
 space of half a mile fall 150 feet, 
 are very grand and beautiful. They 
 furnish constant water power of 
 great value, as the river never freezes. 
 The city of Spokane has besides its 
 railroads, three electric railways op- 
 erating in all about forty- five miles 
 of electric-car lines, the power for all 
 of which is furnished by the Falls, as 
 'well as the extensive electric-light 
 plant. Spokane, as rebuilt after her 
 great fire, is one of the handsomest 
 and most solidly-built cities of its 
 size in the west, both as to its bus- 
 iness and residence portions, and its 
 growth has been something won- 
 derful. It has fifteen hotels, the 
 "Hotel Spokane" being an excep- 
 itonally fine building, furnished with 
 electric lights, steam heat, and general 
 furniture of a superior quality, five 
 banks, three daily and tour weekly 
 newspapers, seven fine school build- 
 ings, two colleges, fourteen churches, 
 four flour mills, six saw mills, three 
 sash and door and two furniture 
 factories, three iron and machine 
 foundries, all run by water power. 
 Besides, it has three dramatic and 
 musical, and numerous secret and 
 
 social organizations. Its two theatres ■ 
 left after the great fire of 1889, have 
 a seating capacity of 3,500 people, 
 while the new opera house, built 
 at a cost of $300,000, alone seats 
 2,500 people. Sm-rounded by rich 
 agricultural lands and a chain of the 
 richest gold, silver, and lead-produc- 
 ing mines, granite and marble 
 quarries to be found in the West, 
 Spokane is to-day the most favored 
 and prosperous city in Eastern 
 Washington. 
 
 SPRAGUE, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Lincoln coimty, population 1,000, is 
 the headquaters of the Idaho Divi- 
 sion, with round-house and railroad 
 machine shops. It has three hotels, 
 one bank, one public hall, seven 
 stores, flouring mill, electric -light 
 and water-works plants, two lumber 
 yards, one planing mill, two weekly 
 newspapers, two school buildings 
 and four churches. Products : wheat, 
 oats, barley, Cattle and sheep rais- 
 ing is a feature of farming industry. 
 Shipments: live stock and wool. 
 Fort Spokane lies sixty miles to the 
 northwest. 
 
 SUMNER, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 700, 
 has eleven stores, three churches, 
 graded school and Presbyterian 
 academy, newspaper, three saw mills, 
 one box factory, sash and door 
 factory, and creamery, etc. Good 
 farming country. Shipments, hops, 
 hay, fruit, etc. 
 
 TACOMA, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Pierce County. From a village of 
 720 souls in 1890, to 52,329 in 1883. 
 Is situated at the head of Commen- 
 cement Bay at the extreme south- 
 east of Puget Sound. Built on a 
 bluff one hundred and eighty feet 
 above tide-water, it commands a 
 view of the vast Olympic and Cascade 
 ranges of mountains and Mount 
 Rainier. 
 
 Here is where the Northern Pacific 
 first touches tide-water, and where 
 it has its western offices and princip- 
 al shops beyond the Rockies. Besides 
 its shops and office building it has 
 
 437 
 
erected great coal bunkers, with a 
 capacity of over 20,000 tons, to 
 enable it to load coal vessels, with 
 dispatch and little expense. 
 
 Along the water front are splendid 
 wharves, wheat warehouses with a 
 capacity of 3,500,000 bushels, and 
 from which the immense ships from 
 Europe receive their cargoes of 
 wheat and flour.. 
 
 Tacoma equals any city on the 
 Pacific Coast in the number and 
 extent of her manufacturing en- 
 terprises. Besides her great saw- 
 mills, flour-mills, and woodworking 
 factories, which send their products 
 to Europe, South and Central America, 
 India, Australia, China, and Japtm, 
 there are shingle mills which send 
 their product to eastern markets, 
 most complete and best equipped 
 packing house on the Pacific Coast, 
 with a daily capacity of 200 beeves, 
 500 hogs, and 500 sheep, and as 
 modern and convenient as the famous 
 packing houses of Chicago, Omaha, 
 and Kansas City; sash and door 
 factories, foundries and machine 
 shops, planing mills ; furniture, lounge, 
 and mattress factories ; match factory, 
 casket factory, woolen mill, soap 
 woks, boiler works, box factories, 
 broom factory, tile and terra cotta 
 works, brick yards, breweries, ice 
 factory; cracker, candy, and preserve 
 factories, and a large smelter with 
 a capacity of reducing 500 tons of 
 ore per day, are among the in- 
 dustries represented in Tacoma and 
 in constant operation. Water, gas, 
 and electric light works also in 
 operation. 
 
 The business part of the city is 
 composed of magnificent structures 
 from four to seven stories in height, 
 and the resident portion is built up 
 of handsome homes with all the 
 modern improvements. 
 
 The fire department of Tacoma is 
 well organized. 
 
 Electric and cable roads connect 
 all parts of the resident, with the 
 business portion of the city. 
 
 Tacoma has seventeen public 
 schools, costing $ 750,000; the Annie 
 Wright .Seminary for young ladies, 
 the Puget Sound University and 
 Vashon College, three hospitals. 
 
 sixty-five churches and religious 
 societies of all denominations. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce has erec- 
 ted a fine building, new City Hall 
 recently completed, cost $ 260,000; 
 County Court House worth visiting. 
 
 The famous Puyallup and White 
 River valleys lie tributary to Tacoma. 
 These valleys produce the finest 
 hops in the world, and yield from 
 1,800 to 3,000 lbs. per acre. The 
 country around and tributary to 
 Tacoma is adapted to the raising of 
 fruits, hay, hops, and vegetables. 
 
 Large coal mines are in constant 
 operation within a radius of 35 
 miles. 
 
 Although Tacoma is the youngest 
 of American seaports, she already 
 commands a foreign traffic second 
 to few. Immense quantities of wheat, 
 flour, lumber, and coal, all products 
 of the State of Washington, 
 are exported to the markets of the 
 world, and a large proportion of the 
 imports from China and Japan to 
 the U. S. and Canada, pass through 
 this port. 
 
 Regular steamship lines radiate 
 from Tacoma to all points on Puget 
 Sound, also to Alaska, San Francisco, 
 Central America, China and Japan. 
 Tacoma is the terminus of the North- 
 ern Pacific S. S. Line. 
 
 In addition to the shipment of 
 wheat, flour, and lumber by sea, 
 Tacoma sends to San Francisco 
 over 300,000 tons of coal a year. 
 
 The harbor at Tacoma is one of 
 the best in the world. Ample 
 accomodation for deep sea vessels 
 are provided; new buoys have been 
 anchored convenient to the ware- 
 houses. 
 
 The waters of Puget Sord teem 
 with ninety-five varieties of food 
 fish, the capture of which gives 
 employment to a large number of 
 men, who market most of their catch 
 here to be shipped in refrigerator 
 cars to Eastern markets. 
 
 Sport with rod and line in 
 Commencement Bay, during the great 
 silver salmon run, in October and 
 November, has a charm and excite- 
 ment entively its own. The fish are 
 gamey and afford the excitement 
 an angler loves so well. 
 
 There are abundance of fish iu 
 
 438 
 
tlie bays and mountain streams, 
 water fowl in the lakes, grouse, 
 pheasants, and California quail on 
 the uplands deer, bear, elks, and 
 cougars in our forests. The climate 
 is unsurpassed. 
 
 TEKOA, Wash, 
 O. R. &N. System. Population 250, 
 is in the center of a fine farming 
 district. This is a new town, but 
 the railroad operations have made 
 it very active. 
 
 TENINO, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. Is the junction 
 point with the Port Townsend South- 
 em Railroad. Population 400. Two 
 hotels, four stores, one school, two 
 churches, two shingle mills, saw 
 mill, two large stone quarries, and 
 creamery. Surrounding country is 
 hilly, with dense forests. 
 
 THE SUNNYSIDE COUNTRY 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is on the east side 
 of the Yakima River, and is reached 
 either from Mabton or Toppenish. 
 The former point is the station for 
 the town of Sunnyside and the 
 larg-er part of the Sunnyside district. 
 
 Ihere is here an irrigating canal 
 over sixty miles long, sixty-two feet 
 wide on top and thirty on the 
 bottom, and carrying eight feet 
 depth of water. There are tributary 
 to it over 60,000 acres of land. 
 
 This land is divided mostly into 
 little . farms of from ten to forty 
 acres. Fruit, vegetables, grain, 
 alfalfa, and hops luxuriate, here, and 
 the profits are large. The small 
 farms mean that the valley will be 
 thickly settled, neighbors handy, and 
 churches and schoolhouses plentiful. 
 
 This whole region is on the eve 
 of a g;reat development, and the 
 Sunnyside is an important factor in 
 it and will reap a large benefit 
 from it. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON HOT 
 SPRINGS. 
 Situated on Green River, on main 
 line of N. P. Ry., 63 miles east of 
 Tacoma, Wash., is noted for its 
 curative qualities and properties of 
 the waters, both for drinking and 
 bathing. 
 
 It is right in the midst of the 
 magnificent forest trees; at an 
 altitude of 1,450 feet above sea level 
 and at the foot of mountain peaks 
 reaching a height of 3,600 feet is to 
 be found the Hotel Hot Springs, a 
 commodious andwell-appointedhotel. 
 One hundred guests can find first- 
 class accommodations. The ladies' 
 and gentlemen's bath-rooms are in 
 the hotel, and have recently been 
 extensively improved by the addition 
 of cold shower, sweat, and vapor 
 baths, and fine large cooling-rooms 
 nicely furnished with comfortable 
 couches. Experienced rubbers are 
 in attendance so that persons in a 
 helpless condition will receive the 
 best of c£ire. Physicians in attend- 
 ance.. The water runs out of crevices 
 in the moimtain side at a natural 
 temperature of 122 degrees. Cure 
 rheumatism, kidney and bowel 
 complaints. 
 
 Fine fishing and hunting near at 
 hand. Also a bicycle track. Hotel . 
 and baths open all the year. Hotel 
 rates $ 2,00 per day, $ 8,00, $ 10,00, • 
 and $ 12,00 per week. Baths extra. 
 
 TOPPENISH, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Is located on the 
 east side of the Yakima River. A 
 daily stage runs to Zillah, located at 
 the upper end of the famous Sunny- 
 side irrigation region. 
 
 TUMWATER, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. At the mouth 
 of the Des Chutes River, population ■ 
 350, has two hotels, two halls, two 
 stores, one school building, one 
 church, two flouring mills, two saw 
 mills, one tannery, and one sash and 
 door factory. Products : grain, fruit, 
 and vegetables. Game and fish 
 abundant. 
 
 UNIONTOWN, Wash. 
 M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
 Branch. Population 800, is a rapidly 
 growing town in the southeastern 
 part of Whitman county. It has 
 two churches, three elevators, news- 
 paper, brewery, distillery, five brick 
 yards, 'eight stores, two hotels, bank, 
 school, opera house, water-works, 
 etc. St. Andrew's Female Academy, 
 is located at this, point. The sur- - 
 
 489 
 
rotandlng country, wliile roliirig, is 
 very productive. Chief products are 
 wheat, oats, barley, flax, hay, etc. 
 Shipments: live stock and grain. 
 Stage line to Lewiston nine miles 
 distant. 
 
 WAITSBURG, Wash. 
 N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
 River Ry. Population 1,200, situated 
 on the Touchet River, has ten 
 stores, tvi^o hotels, four churches, 
 one weekly newspaper, a flouring 
 mill, 200 bbl. capacity, a foundry 
 and machine shop, a planing mill, 
 public hall, two public schools, water- 
 works, and an academy, etc. Products : 
 wheat, corn, potatoes, and all kinds 
 of fruit. Game : deer, prairie chickens, 
 pheasants, etc. Fish: trout, etc. 
 
 WALLA WALLA, Wash. 
 N. E. R. Washington & Columbia 
 River Ry, The county seat of Walla 
 Walla county, population 8,000 is 
 situated in the Walla Walla Vallay, 
 on Mill Creek, Six miles from its 
 confluence with the Walla Walla 
 River, near the foot-hills on the 
 west slope of the Blue Mountain 
 Range. Good water power the 
 entire year; also water works, street 
 cars and gas. Has four hotels, two 
 national and one private bank, four 
 public halls, about eighty stores, 
 four newspapers, a United States 
 I^and Office, thirteen churches, opera 
 house, four public school buildings; 
 St. Paul schools. Episcopalian; con- 
 vent and school, Roman Catholic: 
 Whitman college, Protestant; one 
 commercial college; also three fur- 
 niture factories, three floming mills, 
 run by water power, each having 
 capacity of 200 bbls. daily; steam 
 agricultural works ; tannery, foundry 
 and ironworks, two chop mills, two 
 breweries, The surrounding country 
 is all excellent farming land, alternate 
 prairie arid rolling. Products: the 
 cereals, vegetables and fruit; apples, 
 grapes, peaches, pears, plums (German 
 prune), apricots, cherries, straw- 
 berries, raspberries, blackberries, are 
 all very plentiful, Shipment; grain, 
 flour, lumber, brick, hay, fruit, etc. 
 Game: deer, bear, prah-ie chickens, 
 grouse, ducks, geese. Fish: trout, 
 whitefish and salmon. Fort Walla 
 
 Walla is halt a mile distant. The 
 barley raised in this vicinity is 
 pronounced by brewers the finest 
 known for brewing purposes. Bus- 
 iness enterprises generally are active 
 in Walla Walla,'" and the city Ts 
 growing rapidly. Products £ire Avheat. 
 barley, oats, potatoes, etc. 
 
 WALLULA JUNCTION, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On the line ol 
 the O. R. & N. Co. east from Port- 
 land, at its junction with the North-' 
 em Pacific Railway, on the Walla 
 Walla River, about one mile from 
 the Columbia. It has a population 
 of 800, one hotel, three stores, 
 lumber yard, church and school. 
 
 WILBUR, Wash. 
 Central Washington. Population 
 600, has two hotels, bank, newspaper, 
 flouring mill, ten stores, etc. It is 
 located in the heart of the famous 
 "Big Bend Country." Some good 
 railroad land yet for sale. The soil 
 is a rich loam, clay subsoil. Products: 
 wheat, oats, rye, barley, etc. Game: 
 prairie chickens, rabbits, deer, etc. 
 
 WILI-CESON, Wash. 
 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 700, 
 has large coke ovens, coal mines, 
 stone quarries, saw mills, school, 
 church, three stores, three hotels, 
 etc. Mining is principal industry. 
 The stone from the quarries is of a 
 very superior quality and largely 
 used throughout the State for build- 
 ing purposes. Between 400 and 500 
 carloads of coal, coke, stone, etc., 
 arc shipped from this station 
 monthly. 
 
 WILLAPA BAY. 
 
 South Bend Line. Is located in 
 Pacific County, in the southwestern 
 extremity of the State of Washington, 
 and is a body of water twenty-four 
 miles long and about six miles wide. 
 Formerly known as Shoalwater Bay, 
 so called from the extensive shoals 
 in the southern portion of the bay, 
 on which are found the finest oyster 
 beds on the Pacific. CoaSt. Recog- 
 nizing the misnomer the U. S. author- 
 itii s have changed the name to 
 WillapaBay. There axe two channels 
 giving entrance from the Pacific 
 
 440 
 
Ocean, having a minimum depth as 
 shown by the U. S. Coast Purvey 
 Charts, of thirty feet at average 
 high tide. The principal rivers flow- 
 ing into the bay are the Willapa, 
 North, Cedar, Palix, and Nasel. 
 Regular lines of steamers ply 
 on the Willapa and Nasal, The 
 tributary country is extremely rich 
 in natural resources. The exten- 
 sive forests of fir, cedar spruce, and 
 hemlock — in themselves mines of 
 wealth — make excellent farms when 
 cleared; the fertile bottom lands 
 yield large crops of hay, oats, hops 
 barley; while the orchards of this 
 section are unsm^passed. Stock 
 raising and dairying is very prof- 
 itable. The countrys well watered 
 and crops never fail. Excellent 
 hunting and fishing; bear, elk, geese, 
 duck, salmon and trout. The North- 
 ern Pacific Railway now has a line 
 from Chehalis to South Bend. Among 
 the prominent points in this section 
 are South Bend and Ilwaco Beach, 
 
 brief notices of which are given 
 below. 
 
 WINLOCK, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. On Olequa 
 Creek, population 1,000, has two 
 hotels, opera house, five stores, school 
 building, three churches, two mills, 
 sash and door factory, and pottery 
 works. This is the diverging point 
 for the Tootle River gold mines, 
 distant 30 miles. Cowlitz Prairie, 
 containing some of the finest farm- 
 ing land in Washington, is only 
 five miles distant. Shipments : lumber 
 and grain. Hunting and fishing 
 good. 
 
 YAKIMA CITY, Wash. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 500, 
 situated near the head of the Sunny- 
 side irrigation ditch, has two general 
 stores, school, blacksmith shop, liv- 
 ery stable, drug store. Principal 
 crops, fruit and hops. 
 
 441 
 
WEST-YIRaiHIA. 
 
 The "Pan Handle-State", called 
 from the Pan Handle Mountains 
 between the Ohio River and Penn- 
 sylvania, one of her hief geographical 
 features — was till 1863 a part of 
 "the old Dominion" of Virginia. 
 Separated from the rest of Virginia 
 by the formitable barrier of the 
 Alleghany mountain, the interests of 
 the western counties grew apart 
 from these of the tide-water region. 
 
 The population in 
 
 1870 was 442,014; 
 1880 „ 618,457; 
 1890 „ 762,794. 
 
 The area ofWest-Virgmiais24,78o 
 square-miles. The farm-products arc 
 yearly about $ 2o,ooo,coo, manufac- 
 tured products amoimt to $ 23,000,000. 
 
 CHARLESTON, W. Va. 
 
 The fifth largest city and the 
 capital of West-Virginia. Situated 
 on the Kanawha Riv^er, 5 mis. from 
 Shenandoah Junction and 12 mis. 
 from Harper's Ferry. The city has 
 about 7,ooo inh., mostly busy in the 
 coal-and salt-trade. There is also a 
 very nice summer-resort in the 
 Shannondale saline Chaby beate 
 Springs near the capital. 
 
 MARTINSBURG, W. Va. 
 19 mis. west of Harper's Feny, 
 the fourth largest city in West 
 Virginia with 7,226 mh. It is 
 pleasantly situated on the Tuscarors 
 Creek in the Valley of Virginia and 
 
 has large railroad repair-shops of 
 the B. & O. R. R. 
 
 PARKERSBURG, W. Va. 
 The third largest city in West 
 Virginia -jvith about l0,000 inh. 
 ($ 408 m 1890). It lies at the con- 
 iluened of the Little Kanawha wiih 
 the Ohio river, 188 mites from Pitts- 
 burg where the Baltimore aud Ohio 
 R. R. crosses the river, opposite 
 Belpre. The connection between 
 the two cities is made by a fine 
 bridge, V-h mile long, with six spans 
 over. The river and 43 approaching 
 spans completed in 1871 at a cost 
 of $ 1,000,000. Parker sburg is the 
 outlet of the petroleum region of 
 West-Virginia, and has a large trade, 
 refineries and manufactories. The 
 Parkersburg Mineral Wells are 
 well-knovra. 
 
 WHEELING, W. Va. 
 
 The metropolis of West Virginian, 
 stretches along the Ohio bottom- 
 lands, under the shadow of bold 
 bluffs, and in a country rich in 
 tabacco and grain. 
 
 Wheeling is a city of 86,013 inh. 
 It has a large commerce on the 
 Ohio River, and its manufacturing 
 interests are extensive. 
 
 Several railways converge here, 
 and the Ohio river _ furnishes a 
 valuable water-route, with Pittsburg 
 95 mis. above (60 by rail),' Cincin- 
 nati 365 mis., and others ports. 
 
 The manufactures of West-Virginia 
 are nearly all centralized in Wheeling. 
 
 US 
 
WISCOISIK 
 
 Called the '"Badger State" , from 
 the fact of the first settlers being 
 miners and living in rude "dug- 
 outs", burrowing after the fashion of 
 the badger. In the west, the broad 
 Mississippi and its tributary the St. 
 Croix, separate Wisconsin from 
 Minnesota and Iowa; on the south, 
 its pleasant prairies melt away, into 
 the rich levels of Illinois; on the 
 east. Lake Michigan for 2oo miles, 
 washes the Wisconsin coast; on the 
 north, Lake Superior has a shore 
 line of 12o miles; the north-east is 
 boimded by the rugged upper 
 peninsular of Michigan. The name 
 of Wisconsin is derived from its 
 chief river, dividing the state in two 
 portions. Wisconsin is an Indian 
 name, meaning, "the gathering of 
 the waters." 
 
 In 1634, Frontenac, Governor of 
 "New France", sent jean Nicolet to 
 the upper "lakes", to make treaties 
 with the north-western Indians. In 
 166?) a mission was established on 
 Madeleine Island and another on the 
 Fox River. In 175o, the first settle- 
 ment was made on Green Bay, 
 AVisconsin being included in the 
 French Province of Quebec. In the 
 ■ treaty of 1783, the North-West was 
 cccdcd to the United States, Wis- 
 consin forming a part of Indiana and 
 later, of Illinois Territory. In 1836, 
 Wisconsin was made a terntorj^ and 
 admitted to the Union as a State, in 
 1848. _ In 189o, it had 1,686,880 
 inhabitants, 600,000 of German and 
 100,000 of Scandinavian origin. 
 Milwaukee is a very flourishing city, 
 with very valuable industries, being 
 
 the metropolis of the German popula- 
 tion tn the United States. With its 
 vast forests of excellent timber, and- 
 large mineral deposits, the State of 
 Wisconsin promises to be one of 
 the healthiest and most popidated 
 of all the states. 
 
 APOSTLE ISLANDS, Wis. 
 A large group of picturesque 
 islands, on the southern shore of 
 Lake Superior. The claj^ and sand- 
 stone cliifs ' have been worn into 
 strange shapes by the action of the 
 water and the islands are covered 
 with beautiful primeval forests, of 
 more than 2oo square miles in area. 
 Fishing here is excellent, especially 
 trout and white-fish being caught in 
 abundance. On La Madeleine, the 
 most soi^them of these islands, in 
 Chequamegon Bay, are still to be 
 seen the remains, the half-deserted 
 Chippewa hamlet of La Pointe, the 
 great metropolis of Lake Superior 
 coimtry, in the days of the Indians, 
 fur traders and Canadian Voyageurs, 
 early in the present century. The 
 old Catholic Church was built by 
 Father Barega about sixty years 
 ago. 
 
 APPLETON, Wis. 
 
 One of the chief cities of Wis- 
 consin, situated on Fox River, be- 
 tween Lake Winnebago and Green 
 Bay, with 12,ooo inhabitants. Large 
 paper mills and valuable water power 
 add to the prosperity of the city, 
 which was foimded in 1848. 
 
 Railroads: Chicago & North- 
 western; Milwaukee & Northern. 
 
 443 
 
 20 
 
ASHT.AND, Wis. 
 
 An important city of 12,000 inhab- 
 itants, on Lake Superior and the 
 Branch Line of the Duhith, South 
 Shore & Atlantic Railwa)% from 
 Alason to Ashland. The shipping- 
 port of all iron ore of the Great 
 Gogelic Range ()'ielding l,2oo,ooo 
 tons yearlj'); the rich deposits of 
 hematic Bessemar ore were not fully 
 kuo\ra until 1885. The Hinkle 
 Charcoal Ftn-nace, owned and 
 operated b)^ the Ashland Iron & 
 Steel Company, is situated on the 
 Lake. 
 
 Railroads: Chicago, -St. Paul, 
 ]\Iinneapolis & Omaha; Milwaukee, 
 Lake Shore & Western; Northern 
 Pacitic; Wisconsin Central. 
 
 BAYFIELD, Wis. 
 A jiopular summer resort on Lake 
 Superior, connected by rail and 
 steamer with Ashland, from which it 
 is separated by Chequamegon Bay, 
 a landlocked harbor, 3o miles m 
 area, with deep water and large 
 docks for the shipment of timber 
 and ore. 
 
 BELOIT, Wis. 
 A flourishing town of 65oo inhab- 
 itants, on the Rock River, 91 miles 
 from Chicago, on the Chicago, St. 
 Paul & Mmneapolis Line of the 
 Chicago & Northwestern R. R. The 
 place is in the midst of a fine 
 ])rairie, with numerous groves. 
 Reloit College (Congregational) has 
 h:x) students and a librar)^ of 2o,0(X) 
 volumes. Tablets contain the names 
 of the 4oo Beloit students, who fell 
 in the Civil War. In 1889 the 
 properly of the college was increased 
 by nearly 200,000, the result of a 
 series of noble efforts on the part 
 of its graduates and friends, who are 
 proud to belong to the "Yale of the 
 West." 
 
 BERLIN, Wis. 
 An interesting town on the Fox 
 River, most of the inhabitants of 
 which are native born Germans or 
 of G<'rman descent. All the farmers 
 ill the vicinity speak (jerman, for 
 which reason, the stream has been 
 called the "German River". 
 
 BETHESDA SPRINGS, Wis. 
 The pioneer spring is the famous 
 watering-place of Waukesha, 2o miles 
 west of Milwaukee. It was discovered 
 by Col. Richard Dunbar in 1868, 
 smce which time it has continued to 
 become more and more pojmlar. 
 The Bethesda Baths are open from 
 June to October. 
 
 BRULE, Wis. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 420, 
 36 miles west of Ashland, is on the 
 Brule River which is noted as one 
 of the finest trout streams in the 
 West. Has four stores, three hotels, 
 planing mill, two saw mills, etc. 
 Hotel rates % 2,00 per day. Sur- 
 rounded by beautiful forests in which 
 deer, bear, and sinall game abound. 
 
 CHIPPEWA FALLS, Wis. 
 
 An important place for the timber 
 trade, near the falls of the Chippewa 
 River, a tributary of the Mississippi, 
 with 9,000 inhabitants. The tovra 
 takes its name from the Chippewa 
 Indians, who formerly lived in this 
 region. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P. C. St. P.; 
 M. & O.; W. C. 
 
 DEVIL'S LM<CE, Wis. 
 A dead emerald pool, near Sauk City 
 IIV2 miles long, inwalled by rugged 
 rocks and wooded bluffs, about 5oo 
 feet high and the remarkable quart- 
 zite rocks of Cleopatra's Needle. 
 The Devil's Doorway and other 
 grotesque formations. No one should 
 miss paying a visit to this picturesque 
 lake m Sauk County. 
 
 EAU CLAIRE, Wis. 
 
 A town on the Chippewa River, 
 321V« miles from Chicago, on the 
 Chicago, North - Western Railway, 
 20,000 inhabitants, well known for 
 its lumber. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; W. C; 
 C. St. P.; M. & O. 
 
 ELKART LAKE, Wis. 
 
 A very popular summer resort 
 
 about 15o miles north of Milwaukee' 
 
 reached by the Wisconsin C. R. R' 
 
 444 
 
POND DU LAC, Wis. 
 
 A ci.y with more than 12,0OO in- 
 haliitants, at the head of Lake 
 Winnebago, knowTi for its lumber 
 ti-ade. The Lake is about 30 miles 
 long and lo miles wide. The Wis- 
 consin Central Railroad skirts its 
 western shore, from here to Neenah 
 and Oskosh. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C & 
 N. W.; W. C. 
 
 GREEN LAKE, AV^'s. 
 An .imposing sheet of water, 15 
 miles long and three miles wide, 
 beautifully situated between the Fox 
 River and Lake Winnebago, in the 
 midst of wooded hills and rich 
 prairies, 
 
 HOLSTEIN, Wis. 
 A settlement, north of Milwaukee, 
 foimded by Germans, who only speak 
 their native tongue. 
 
 HUDSON, Wis. 
 
 A small place of 2,8oo inhabitants, 
 on the eastern shore of Lake St. Croix, 
 near the Minnesota line. It has 
 been rendered famous by the Oliver 
 Wendell Holmes Sanitoriiim and the 
 Dalles of the St. Croix, a very pictur- 
 esque point. St. Paul, Minnesota, is 
 only 19 miles from here. The boun- 
 dary line, between Minnesota and 
 Wisconsin follows the St. CroixRiver. 
 
 Railroads: C. St. P.; M. & O. 
 
 IRON RIVER, Wis. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Population l,60O- 
 Has two planing mills, twelve stores, 
 two public halL, opera house, school, 
 two churches, six hotels, one bank, 
 one newspaper, two livery stables, 
 two saw mills (capacity 200,000 feet 
 per day) ; also has good water-works, 
 eleitric light, and telephone systems. 
 Good bass and trout fishing. Deer 
 also abound. 
 
 JANESVILLE, Wis. 
 A business city of 12,000 inhabit- 
 ants, founded in 1836 on the Rock 
 River, on the Chicago &Northwestem 
 Railway, 91 miles from Chicago and 
 only a few miles from the Illinois 
 boundary line. 
 
 446 
 
 KENOSHA, Wis. 
 
 An important manufacturing city 
 with 6,532 inhabitants, built on a 
 bluff on Lake Michigan, ten miles 
 from the Illinois boundary line, 
 carries on an extensive trade; good 
 harbor and several piers. 
 
 Railroads: C. N. & W. ' 
 
 KIEL, Wis. 
 A German town north-west of 
 Sheboggan. 
 
 KILBURN CITY, Wis. 
 193 miles from Chicago, on the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R. 
 In this vicinity, the very pictiiresque 
 Dalles of the Wisconsin. 
 
 LA CROSSE, Wis. 
 
 The second city of the State of 
 Wisconsin, founded in 1840, being 
 much larger than the capital Madison. 
 In 1890 t e city had a ready more 
 than 25,009 inhabitants. It occupies 
 a pleasant s te on the east bank of 
 the Mississippi, at the mouth of the 
 i^lack and La Crosse Rivers, where 
 the majestic flood of the "Father of 
 Waters" sweeps around several green 
 islands. All the portion of the Mis- 
 sissippi, from La Crosse to Dubuque, 
 Iowa, is beautiful, owing to the great 
 vatiety of scener)-, the wooded hills 
 and ihe exqusitely pure character 
 of the water, which is as clear and 
 limpid as that of Lake Superior. 
 The bluffs alternate from mavvive, 
 densely wooded hills, to long walls 
 of limestone, fronting precipitously 
 on the Adver, assummg all manner 
 of quaint, fantastic shapes. Rivers 
 and creeks intervene at inte vais 
 and the rapid succession of towns, 
 indicates a more thickly settled 
 region. 
 
 The name of La Crosse has its 
 origin from the favoriie Indian game 
 of "la crosse". The city has many 
 pretty buildings, including the Opera 
 Hotise ami High School. There are 
 many traders in timber, s veral saw- 
 mills, foundries and machine shops, 
 a large manufactory of saddlery aiid 
 harnesses and other establishments 
 employing 8,000 persons. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C & 
 N. W. ; C. B. & N. 
 
 «• 
 
'LAKE PEPIN, Wis. 
 A very picturesque lake, bordered 
 by gigantic . bluffs, 1000 feet higli. 
 on tiie Mississippi, above the mouth 
 of the Chippewa River. The Lake 
 is 25 miles long and sometimes 
 five miles wide. 
 
 LAIvE VIEUX DESERT, Wis. 
 
 The source of the Wisconsin River, 
 intersected by the Michigan boundary 
 line. The Wisconsin River is a 
 tributary of the Mississippi, 600 
 miles long, dividing the state in 
 halves. 
 
 LAKE WINNEBAGO, Wis. 
 The largest of all the hundreds of 
 deep cut lakes, 30 miles long and 
 10 miles wide, with high banks and 
 romantic surroundings of field and 
 forest. A group of towns, including 
 Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Menasha 
 and Neenah, is situated on the 
 picturesque hills of this large lake, 
 which derives its name from the 
 Winnebago Indians. 
 
 MADISON, Wis. 
 The Capital of the State, of Wis- 
 consin, with a population of 13,426 
 souls ill 1890, founded in 1837. The 
 city is at once a commercial and 
 educational center and a favorite 
 summer resort. Its situation is of 
 extraordinary beauty, in the heart 
 of the "Four Lake country", so called 
 from the lakes: Mendota (6X4 miles); 
 Monona (3—1/2X2 miles); Wambcsa 
 (3X2 miles) and Kegousa (3x2 
 miles). The University, the Capitol 
 and other public buildings, are 
 situated on commanding hills, over- 
 looking the greater part of this 
 charmnig region. The Univcj^sity 
 of Wisconsin, founded in 1849, has 
 a staff of 125 teachers and 1500 
 students and occupies sixteen build- 
 ings. The Washburn Observatory, 
 on the summit of University lliil, 
 containing a telescope of 15—1/2 
 inches aperture, is one of the best 
 appointed observatories in the United 
 .States. The Wisconsin Historical 
 Society has a library of 150,0U0 
 volumes and an excellent Collcctiuu 
 of Works of Art. The Fulton Opera 
 House is a remarkable building, 
 
 seating 1500 persons. Steamers 
 run on Lakes Mendota and Menona, 
 affording pleasant excursions. Long- 
 fellow depicted this locality and 
 praised its 
 
 "Fair lakes, serene and full of light. 
 Fan- towTi, arrayed in robes of white." 
 Lake Mendota is a favorite resort 
 of visitors to this region and the 
 Monona Lake Assembly Grounds 
 on the shore of Lake Monona. To7i- 
 ya-wath-a Springs is another well 
 known watermg-place and summer 
 resort, near Madison, especially 
 patronized by the residents of the 
 Southern .States. 
 Railroads: C. & N.; I. C. 
 
 MANITOWOC, Wis. 
 
 A port and business centre, on 
 Lake Michigan, about 100 miles north 
 of Milwaukee. 
 
 Railroads: M. L. S. & W. 
 
 MEDFORD, Wis. 
 A pretty country town, with about 
 5000 inhabitants on the Wis. C. R. R. 
 in the north-western part of the 
 state. 
 
 MENOSHA, Wis. 
 At the foot of Lake Winnebago, 
 has valuable water power; formerly 
 an Indian village, inhabited by the 
 Winnebago Indians. 
 
 MERRILL, Wis. 
 A business center of 7000 inhabi- 
 tants, in Oneida County, famous for 
 its pine and other lumber land and 
 its supposed wealth of mineral 
 deposits. 
 Railroads: C. M. «& St. Paul. 
 
 MILWAUKEE, Wis. 
 RAILROADS : 
 
 Milwaukee is the railroad center 
 of the state of Wisconsin. Fourteen 
 railway systems either have theii" 
 terminals in or pass through Mil- 
 waukee. There are five regular lines 
 of steamers connected with railway 
 lines onLakeEric, whichrun i-egularly 
 to and from Milwaukee. It isconnccted 
 with Chicago by two railroads, which 
 have finely fitted out depots in 
 Milwaukee.- The Chica^ & NorM- 
 western Raihvay, and The Chica^g, 
 
 446 
 
Milwaukee & St. Paul. Both lines 
 charge $ 2,25, chair cars 35 cents. 
 Time two and one half to three hours, 
 flistance 85 miles from Chicago. 
 
 EXPRESS AND BAGGAGE: 
 
 Facilities are the same as in other 
 citie^. Electric cars are rmming 
 through the principal streets; fare 
 iive cents. Omnibiisses and two and 
 one horse vehicles are at hand at the 
 Railroad Depots, Hotels etc. 
 
 HOTELS : 
 
 Milwaukee possesses a greatnumber 
 of hotels. We recommend: 
 
 Republican House, corner Cedar 
 and Third streets, American plan, 
 $2—3. This is a first class reliable 
 hotel, with all modem appointments, 
 centrall}'- located. 
 
 Schlits Hotel: Grand Avenue 
 corner Third Street; European and 
 American plan; from $1 upwards; 
 excellentlocation, elegantly furnished, 
 fine cuisine, moderate prices. 
 
 Hotel Pfister: corner Wisconsin 
 and Jefferson Streets, $2,50 to $5,--. 
 
 Milwaukee is the largest and most 
 impoitant city in the state of Wisconsin 
 and one of the most active manufact- 
 ming cities of the north-west. It is 
 situated admh'ably on the west coast 
 of Michigan Lake at the affluence in 
 the lake of the Milwaukee river. 
 Within the limits of the city the 
 Milwaukee river receives the affluence 
 of two tributary rivers, the Munominec 
 and Kiunickinnic. The harbor is 
 excellent and the rivers deep enough 
 to permit the biggest lake vessels 
 to load and unloacl their freight at 
 the doors of the stores. Milwaukee 
 is German in the greater part of its 
 population and customs. The streets 
 are well laid out and finely built. It 
 has about 250,000 inhabitants. 
 
 For two hundred years and for an 
 untold period before, the present 
 location of Milwaukee had been used 
 as a peaceful meeting place of the 
 Indians — the name Milwaukee 
 meaning "Universal CouncilGrounds". 
 
 The Sohlitz Hotel 
 
 ailWaui^ee, Wis. 
 
 Situated corner Grand Avenue and Third Street 
 
 in the heart of the City. 
 
 Conducted on the European Plan. 
 
 Homelike accommodations for 200 guests at reasonable rates. 
 
 Palm Garden. Restaurant. Bar Room. 
 
 PLEISS & HECK, Proprietors. 
 
 M7 
 
The first permanent white settlers 
 came in 1818. The name of Salomon 
 Juneau, an Indian trader, is rever- 
 eutiall}- held in memor)- of ever}' 
 inhabitant of Mihraukee as tlio father 
 ot the city. In 1837 the vi.iage of 
 Milwaukee was organized and in 184H 
 it was incorporated as a city. The 
 population at that time was 9,700. 
 
 The climate of Milwauke is ad- 
 mirable; in fact it has a reputation 
 ai a summer resort, combining the 
 conveniences and comforts of a city 
 with the clear atmosphere ot the 
 Country. The lawns, shaded streets 
 and parks form a charming- beauty 
 to the surroundings. 
 
 The principal business street is 
 Grand Avenue, running from East 
 to West, beside Wisconsin Street 
 and East Water Street. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS: 
 
 The most remarkable buildings are 
 the Posi Ojjice and Custom House, 
 corner of Wisconsin and Milwaukee 
 Streets; the Court House, in the 
 block formed by Jelferson, Jackson, 
 Oneida and Michigan streets; the 
 Chamber of Commerce Building in 
 Michigan street; the La3'ton Art 
 Galleiy, comer Jefferson and Mason 
 streets; the Exposition Building on 
 Cedar street; the Public Library, 
 40S Grand Avenue. The three latter 
 buildings form part of Milwaukee's 
 educational institutions; the Ex- 
 position Buildmg containing a mu- 
 seum of natural history, open each 
 afternoon and Sundays. The Layto'n 
 Ai-t Gallery contains a most satis- 
 factory collection of pictures, and 
 is open to the public every day; 
 Wednesday and Friday 25 cents. 
 The Public Library is open from 
 9 to 9. There are innumerable 
 scientific and educational organ- 
 izations, where the intellectual side 
 of life can be fully developed. The 
 most prominent ist the Milwaukee 
 College. 
 
 Among the 115 churches and 18 
 chapels or missions, representmg 
 every religion are some edifices well 
 worti) examining. St. Paul's Episcopal 
 Chmch, Trinity Lutheran Church, 
 St. Antonius Catholik Church, 
 
 Immanuel Presbyterian Church and 
 Plymouth Church. 
 
 Milwaukee possesses some line 
 private buildings. A visit to Pabst 
 oltice building should be made by 
 every traveler for its architectural 
 beauties and the splendid viaw over 
 the city and surroundings. Other 
 remarkable office and store buildings 
 are the Loan and Trust Building, 
 Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company Buildmg, The Friend Block, 
 The Sentinel Building. Beautiful 
 residences are those of Capt. Fred 
 Pabst; Mis. L. Schandein, John 
 L. Mitchell on Grand Avenue, The 
 Belvedere Flats etc. Splendid edifices 
 are occupied by the leading hotels, 
 like Pfister, Republican House, Schlitz 
 Hotel, Plankenton House, Pabst 
 Hotel. 
 
 THEATRES AND PLACES OF 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 Milwaukee possesses 4 first class 
 theatres, besides many other place3 
 of amusement. The principal 
 theatres are Davidson Theatre, 
 Bijou Opera House, German Stadt 
 Theater and the newest Pabst Theatre. 
 The various beer gardens are a fea- 
 ture. No visitor sliould fail to visit 
 Schlits Palm Garden, a most imique 
 pleasure resort, artistically decorated 
 and studded with palms and jilants. 
 Concerts every evening. Refresh- 
 ments of every description. Patron- 
 ized by the best public, 
 
 Milwaukee is blessedwith numerous 
 parks. The Lake Shore Parks are 
 beautiful and form with the boule- 
 vards a fine di^ive system. The most 
 interesting and oldest is the Juneau 
 Park located on a hill, viewing the 
 river. Juneau Park contains the 
 statue of Salomon Juneau and Leif 
 Ericson. Fine driveway runs to 
 Whitefish Bay along the river. On 
 the south-east corner of the city is 
 the Forest Llome Cemetery. 
 
 Visitors to Milwaukee find amon^ 
 the chief points of interest which it 
 is customary for touxists to visit the 
 gioat Pabst Brewing Company, the 
 largest institution of the kind in the 
 world. The inception of this enter- 
 prise some fifty years ago, did not 
 in its first years presage the won- 
 
 US 
 
derfnl developement which has since 
 characterized it. But from those very 
 modest beginnings, growing as it has 
 grown with the tendenc)^ of the 
 American people towai'd mild bev- 
 erages, this institution has waxed 
 greater and greater, until now its 
 
 enermous business interests covering 
 a whole country, are one of the 
 wonders of this beautiful city. 
 
 Bi'ewing, as the chief industry of 
 Milwaukee, becomes a matter of 
 ■great interest to evcr)^ one jour- 
 neying thi-Qugh the Badger State 
 
 and it has become quite the custom 
 for exursionists to devote a portion 
 of their time to its iiispection. Nat- 
 urally the gi'eatest ii^stihxtion come 
 in for the largest number of \dsitors 
 and has therefore made adequate 
 provision for their accomodation. 
 Uniformed guides are constantly at 
 hand to conduct the traveller through 
 the immense building, and a place 
 
 is provided where, free and without 
 price, foaming tankards of the delec- 
 table beverage ban be enjoyed ^with 
 comfort. It requires no password 
 or cabilistic sign or preliminary red 
 tape to gain an entree to this 
 unstinted liospitalit3^for all the visitor 
 has to do is to present him or her- 
 self, as the case may be, at the main 
 office of the institution and express 
 
 449 
 
the desire to make a study of Hie 
 Jinest development of the art . of 
 Gambrinus. 
 
 A few statistics are somewhat 
 interesting', but fnll information can 
 be had from the little souvenir 
 books published bj- the company 
 and given to every visitor. For 
 instance, the following tigures show 
 the increase"' in sales for each five 
 years since 1865, and convey an idea 
 of the growth of the business : 
 
 18G5 . . 10,908 brls. 
 
 ,1870 37,108 „ 
 
 1875 115.649 ,. 
 
 1880 272,4:77 .. 
 
 1885 385,234 .. 
 
 1890 700.233 ,. 
 
 1895 955,1.50 .. 
 
 The Pabst Brewing Company has 
 over fortv branches. These branches 
 arc owned and absolutely controlled 
 by the home office and are under 
 the direction of salaried officers and 
 
 
 
 View of the Brewery. 
 
 t'licir .i.ssislants, who are paid directly 
 liy the home compan)-. In addition 
 li> these branches the Company has 
 some six hundred -local agents, who 
 purchase their beer exclusively, and 
 who act as wholesale dealers in 
 tlieir product. 
 
 Other great industrial enterprises 
 in and around Milwaukee are the 
 world wide known Illinois Steel 
 Company, the Edw. P. Allis Company 
 uiauufacturers of engines and mill 
 ]nachinery; the Fuller - Warren- 
 Company, manufacturing stoves, 
 ranges and heating apparatus; the 
 Wisconsin Malleable Iron Company; 
 the Hoffman & Billinos Manufactur- 
 ing Company: the Milwaukee Boiler 
 Company; 'Vulcan Iron Works; 
 Kieckhefer Bros. Com])any, manu- 
 facturers of stamped tm ware; Gender 
 &Taeschke Manufactm-ing Comj^any, 
 nianufacturers of same article; Stock 
 3fards and Packing houses of Cudahy, 
 I'fister & ^'ogel Leather Company; 
 Northwestern Straw Works, maim- 
 
 facturing Ladies Straw Hals; Mil- 
 waukee Cement Works: Conwa)- 
 Cabinet Company, hardwood mantels ; 
 Steinman Lumbei' Company; F. 
 Mayer Boot & Shoe Company; 
 Rickers & Company's Soap Works: 
 The Gem Hammock & Fly Net 
 Company: Eagle Flour Compan}-; 
 Daisy Roller Mill Company etc. etc. 
 
 All these and other establishments 
 have elegant offices in the city, 
 which has also some fine departement 
 and speciality stores. Among tlu' 
 leading stores occupying fine build- 
 ings, special mention may be made 
 of the T. A. Chapman Comi)any 
 dry goods; carpets, curtains and 
 draperies Goldsmith & Co.; Stark 
 Bros. Co., Wholesale Druggists are 
 the Chas. Baumbach Company : 
 Beals, Torrey & Co., boots and 
 shoes; Bub fcRipp are manufacturers 
 of Ptulor Furnitui-e; Mendel Smith 
 «.K: Company, importers and grocers ; 
 F. F. Adams Tobacco Company. 
 
 Near to Milwaukee, in every di- 
 
 450 
 
MILWAUKEE, 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 D as alteste dentscfte Gastliaus des Staates. 
 
 -® ^i)(t feabing commcrciaf i)Otd of i^(t cii^. ^- 
 
 \AAAAAAAAA,^^\AVVV 
 
 ALL MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 FIRST CLASS SERVICE. 
 
 vwy\/\/wv\A/vww 
 
 The only hotel in America having its own telephone system^ 
 
 ice making and refrigerating plant, electric light, heat and 
 
 power plant and an absolutely fire proof addition. 
 
 \AAAAAAAAAAAA/VW 
 
 Rates, with bath S 2. 50 and $ 3.00 per day, depending on location of 
 rooms — All others $ 2.00 per day. 
 
 74 
 
 MANAGER, 
 
 4o0a 
 
^ c^ntj E^ (=1] [=1^ ni D izj 
 /fr=^ (N^^'cz: □ LZ] Q □ [Z> 
 
 
 IXJ LX^P^ 1=3 l^^^tVV, L_^LJ U L_J 
 
 ^s s □ cz] (Tx^ [=3 cj'D"^ □ Li:^ □ n rrn 
 
 I ^□C=]DDHci]anjLTD|DDD_ 
 
 nP::^^yggHaaDDnlQaaaDODDE 
 
I^ 
 
 
 rn rn nfn cziQD E □ a^^nn [in Q^ c:z3 dfrs c=: ci:^ 
 
 
 
 
 SQQa 
 
 
 giggSlggg^^SauSSE-S 
 
 
 [ID 
 
 [Id 
 
c2^ |l cS^ 
 
 c3^ |l c3s^ 
 
 PABST BEER 
 
 is sold by all dealers throughout the United States, 
 and is acknowledged perfect. 
 
 I I M I I I I I 
 
 ^f).m' 
 
 rmm 
 
 I I I I M I I 
 
 ANNUAL CAPACITY 
 3,000,000 Barrels. 
 
 CAPITAL $ 10,000,000. 
 
 wwww 
 
 Visitors are always 
 
 welcome to inspect this 
 
 great plant. 
 
 I M I I I I I I 
 
 
 I I I I I I I I I 
 
 75 
 
 PABST BREWING COMPANY 
 
 450d 
 
rectioTi are numerous ' inland lakes, 
 reached by romantic drives. Along 
 the shores of Lake Michigan are 
 various resorts where simimer amu- 
 sement are to be found. 
 
 The National Soldiers' Home is 
 situated three miles from the city. 
 20,000 invalids can iind shelter in 
 tliis large charitable enterprise, which 
 contams a beautiful park, open to 
 -the public every week day. 
 
 An interesting excursion may be 
 made twenty miles from Milwaukee 
 to Waukesha, where the Bethesda 
 fountain is located. This water is 
 exported over the United States and 
 to Europe as a preventative of 
 Bright's disease and Diabetes. 
 
 NEENAH, Wis. 
 A place at the foot of Lake. 
 Winnebago, well known for its exten- 
 sive paper mills, operated hy the im- 
 mense water power of the Fox River. 
 
 OSHIvOSH, Wis. 
 
 The third citv of Wisconsin, founded 
 in 1836, having more then 24,000 
 inhabitants; a business, center with 
 large saw-mills and various manufac- 
 tories. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C. &l 
 N. W.; M. L. S. & W.; W. C. 
 
 PIKE LAKE, Wis. 
 N. P. R. L. S. D. Some 25 miles 
 west of Ashland, on the Lake 
 Superior Division, is a summer resort, 
 the lake furnishing excellent sport 
 for fishermen. Game also abounds 
 in the surrounding country. 
 
 PORTAGE City. 
 
 The head of navigation on the 
 Wisconsin River, on the government 
 canal, connecting the Wisconsin and 
 Fox Rivers, at the junction of three 
 divisions of the Chicago & North- 
 western R. R. Population about 
 6000, carrying on an extensive trade 
 with the surrounding country and 
 workmg in many factories. Railway 
 repair shops, a High School, a large 
 jail and a District "Court House. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; W. C. 
 
 PORT WASPIINGTON. Wis. 
 A tine port on I^ake Michigan, 
 north of Milwaukee, touched at by 
 the steamers running to the northern 
 ports of I^ake Michigan. 
 
 PRAIRIE du CHIEN, Wis. 
 
 A prettily situated town of 3000 
 inhabitants on the eastern bank of 
 the Mississippi River, 1 — 1/2 miles 
 above the mouth of the Wisconsin 
 River. It received its name from 
 then Indian chief, the Dog (Chien), 
 whose tribe formerly dwelt here and 
 was captured by Colonel Mo Kay's 
 Expedition in 1814. It is now an 
 important shipping point, having 
 varied and important manufactories. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C. 
 B. & N. 
 
 RACINE, Wis. 
 
 The fifth largest city of Wisconsin, 
 at the mouth of the Root River, on 
 a plateau, projecting fi.ve miles into 
 Lake Erie. A very flourishing place, 
 with a good harbor, finely laid out 
 with shaded streets, contains man}' 
 manufactories of agricultural imple- 
 ments, caiTiages and other vehicles. 
 Main Street is the principal business 
 thoroughfare, one part of it having 
 some very fine residences. Racine 
 is the seat of Racine College (Epis- 
 copal) a very prominent institution, 
 covering ten acres of ground. The 
 Public Schools are very good. Other 
 educational establishments are: 
 
 "St. Catharine s Academy ; Racine 
 Academy and Ale. Mtirphy Home 
 School. Racine was settled in 1834, 
 was incorporated as a city in 1848 
 and in 1890, had 21,104 inhabitants. 
 It is a favorite summer resort and 
 stopping place, for steamers, coming 
 from Chicago. A great many Ger- 
 mans have settled here. 
 
 Raih^oads: C. M. & St., P. C. & 
 N. W. 
 
 RPIINELANDER, Wis. 
 A timbering place on the 
 
 Consm River, 
 founded in 
 migrants. 
 
 Wis- 
 with 2500 inhabitants, 
 1750 by German im- 
 
 451 
 
SIIEBOGGAN, Wis. 
 
 A lake poi^t and business place, 
 50 miles north of Milwaukee, on 
 Lake Michigan, founded in 18H4, 
 having at present some 20,000 inhabi- 
 tants, mostly natiA'es of Germany or 
 their descendents. All publications, 
 issued in the city, are in the German 
 language. 
 
 Railroads . 
 S. & W. 
 
 •C. & N. W.; M. L. 
 
 SUPERIOR, Wis. 
 
 P 
 
 X. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
 Douglas county and metropolis of 
 Northern Wisconsin, includes West 
 Superior, South Superior, and Su- 
 perior. Population 30,000. Situated 
 on a level plateau at the head of 
 Lake Superior, on the Wisconsin 
 side of the St. Louis river and bay 
 Has an l8 feet harbor, with 44 miles 
 of water front on St. Louis, Superior 
 and AUoues bays. It has several 
 trunk line railroads, and is the ter- 
 minus of all of the lake lines engaged 
 in Luke Superior traffic. In 1896 
 exceeding 3,000 of arrivals and 
 clarances of vessels, were registered 
 at the port collector's office, which 
 enormous shipping has grown from 
 194 arrivals and clearances in 1884. 
 The coal receipts for 1895 were 
 1,456,400 tons, and wheat receipts 
 25,486,000 bushels. Superior has 
 twelve grain elevators with a storage 
 capacity of 14,750,000 bushels; seven 
 largo coal docks; seven flouriijg' 
 mills with an operating capacity oi 
 12,250 barrels a day, and a con- 
 structive capacity nearly double. 
 Superior has an iron ore dock, and 
 in all some 232 manufacturing in- 
 dustries including nearly every branch 
 of industry. The complete product 
 of its industries in 1895, according 
 to ihe city statistician's report, figur- 
 <^s S 15,375,4 "l.oo in value. There 
 are six banks in the city with an 
 a<>;gregate capital of $ 1 ,000,000.aj. 
 Tlu' city has a complete water sys- 
 tem, electric and gas lights, twent}'- 
 two miles of street railway, ten 
 school buildings, new State normal 
 school, a board of trade, nearly 
 thirty miles of paved street, an opera 
 
 452 
 
 house, three daily and eight ireetly 
 newspapers, large dry dock, ship 
 )'ards, where the whalcbacks are 
 built, and several large saw-mills 
 The Lake Superior Terminal and 
 Transfer Railway has built a union 
 passenger station at West Superio 
 which is used by the five railway 
 lines running into this point, and 
 this railway does the transferring 
 for all the other roads. The North- 
 ern Pacific Railway connects Superior 
 with Duluth by means of a bridge 
 across the St. Louis River. The 
 delightful summer climate and abmid- 
 ant fishing resorts make this city 
 and vicinil)' a rendezvous for summer 
 travelers in the Northwest, with 
 elegant hotels for their accommo- 
 dation, The Northern Pacific main 
 line divides at this point, one line 
 extending to West Superior and 
 Duluth, and the other to Superior 
 and thence to Ashland. 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 TOMAHAWK, Wis. 
 
 An important lumbering place, of 
 2500 inhabitants, north of Wausan, 
 on the Wisconsin River. 
 
 TON-YA-WATH-A-SPRINGS, Wis. 
 
 A well kown watering-place, near 
 Madison, the capital 6i Wisconsin. 
 
 WATERTOWN, Wis. 
 
 One of the chief cities along the 
 Rock River, near Beloit, Wisconsin. 
 
 WAUKESHA, Wis. 
 
 A well known health resort, largely 
 owing to its ten magnesium springs, 
 2I miles from Milwaukee. The 
 "Bethesda" Spring, discovered in 
 1868, is the best of them; its water 
 is not only in extensive use in 
 America, but also in England, espec- 
 ially as a cure for diabetes and 
 Bright's disease. The Fountain 
 Spring House, is a large hotel, 
 capable of accommodating 800 
 guests, open only during the season. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. Paul; C. 
 & N. W.; W. C. 
 
WAUSAN, Wis. 
 
 A veiy important place for the 
 timber trade, with 12,000 inhabitants, 
 on the Wisconsin River. 
 
 Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; M. 
 L. S. & U. 
 
 WEST SUPERIOR, Wis. . 
 
 In 1885 a small village of 300 
 souls, now a flourishing city of 
 10,000 inhabitants, situated on Lake 
 Superior, opposite Duluth, with 
 immense coal docks, elevators, iron 
 pipe and steel works, the distributing- 
 docks and tanks of the Standard 
 Oil Company for the North-West 
 and the largest coal dock in the 
 
 world, with a capacity of 1,000,000 
 tons. Seven railways converge here 
 upon a deep harbor, at the western 
 and of Lake Superior. 
 
 Railroads: C. St. P. M. & O.: 
 N. P. ; St. P. M. & M. ; St. P. & D. 
 
 WISCONSIN RIVER DALLES, Wis. 
 
 Near Kilburn City, the most 
 picturesque point of the Wisconsin 
 Valley, visited every year by thou- 
 sands of tourists. The river flows 
 here, for more than five miles, through 
 the "Dalles" , between sheer walls 
 of friable sandstone worn into 
 curious forms by the action of the 
 water. 
 
 453 
 
WYOMING. 
 
 Wyoming, _ the youngest of the 
 States, occupies a space between the 
 27th and 34th meridian of longiiudc 
 west, and the 41st and 45th degree 
 of north latitude, about 2,000 miles 
 west from the Atlantic Ocean and 
 Soo miles east of the Pacific, forming 
 a parallelogram 365 miles east and 
 west by 275 miles north to south, 
 and containing nearly lOO.OOO square 
 miles, or an area about as large as 
 the six New England States and 
 Indiana combined. It is bounded by 
 Montana on the north, Dakota and 
 Nebraska ou the east, Colorado and 
 Utah on the south, and Utah, Idalio 
 and Montana on the west. The 
 larger part of the present State was 
 acquired by the Louisiana puichasc 
 from France in 1S03, but a small 
 portion of Southwestern Wyoming 
 was obtained by the relinquishment 
 of Mexico ui the treaty of peace 
 signed in 1848. 
 
 As late as 1870, the total pop- 
 ulation of Wyoming did not exceed 
 te7r thousand. The entire northern 
 part of Wyoming was oveiTun with 
 Indians, and it was not until 1876-77 
 tluit General George Crook succeeded 
 in bringing these warlike tribes to 
 peace. 
 
 The tribes of Indians then occupy- 
 ing Wyoming were the Sioux, Crows, 
 AraiJahoes, Shoshones, and remnants 
 of other tribes. They remained here 
 ill greater or less immbers imtil 
 roiiipelled to go upon reservations 
 clsdwhere, the Utes on the south, in 
 Colorado, the Sioux on the western 
 limits of Dakota, the Crows on the 
 southern limits of Montana, and the 
 
 4-5 
 
 Shoshones and Arapahoes near the 
 easleni limits of Idaho and a re- 
 servation in the Wind River Valley 
 of Wyoming. The early sclllement 
 and industrial interests of Wyoming 
 were much retarded through the 
 hostility of these tribes, miners and 
 settlers being driven from their 
 mines and homes. To-day there are 
 no Iftdians Mathin the limits of Wyom- 
 ing, except the Ai-apahoes and the 
 Shoshones. These Indians occupy 
 the Wmd River Reservation, cover- 
 ing an area of 1,520,000 acres. They 
 are peaceful, and have made some 
 progress in education and agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
 Wyoming takes its name from 
 the Indian word "Maughwanwame", 
 meaning plains, and first had its 
 application in the Wyoming Valley 
 of Pennsylvania. The general surface 
 of the State is mountainous, with 
 foot-hills, bold blufl's, broad rolling 
 plains or undulatmg plateaus, witli 
 a mean elevation of about 6,000 feet. 
 The average elevation is I.OOO feet 
 less than Colorado. The extremes 
 range from 3,ooo to 14,000 feet 
 above the sea level. Numerous rivers 
 and their tributaries fiow tlnroughout 
 the State, while the sublimity and 
 grandeur of scenery is unsiu-passed 
 by any part of the globe. The 
 principal ranges of mountains in 
 Wyoming are the Wind River in the 
 northwest, the Big Hoiti nortli of 
 the center, the Black Hills in tlie 
 northeast, the Laramie range south 
 of the center, and the Rattlesnake 
 and Sweetwater in the central portion . 
 .)f the State. Several of the great 
 1 
 
rivers of the continent, including the 
 Missouri, the Colorado, and the 
 Cokunbia, have their headquarters 
 in Wyoming. The Yellowstone and 
 its tributaries, the Big Horn, Powder, 
 Little Missouri, and Cheyenne, on 
 the north, flow from the northern 
 part of the State and empty into the 
 Missoiu'i; the Green River and its 
 tributaries traverse the southwest, 
 flowing into the Colorado, the Snake 
 River is the chief tributary of the 
 Columbia in the west, and the north 
 fork of the Platte with its many 
 tributaries flows through the center 
 and southeastern portion of Wyom- 
 ing. None of the rivers of the State 
 are navigable, but they are the natural 
 avenues for railroads, and along their 
 banks will be located the future 
 cities and towTjS of the common- 
 wealth. The rich mineral treasures 
 of the mountains will be poured 
 into the valleys and plains, which 
 in turn will supply the agricultural 
 and stock-raising products. 
 
 Wyoming has a total area of 
 62,645,120 acres, of which the greater 
 portion is adapted to grazing and 
 agriculture; of this nearly 48,000,000 
 acres have been surveyed. It is 
 estimated that between 12,000,000 
 and 15,000,000 acres can be success- 
 fully cultivated, and that nearly 
 10,000,000 acres are covered with 
 tunber. 
 
 The physical and scenic features 
 of Wyoming are remarkable for their 
 vai-iety and grandeur. The State is, 
 in llie main, broken in its general 
 surface features, hexe and there ris- 
 ing from undulating plains to lofty 
 moimtains. Illustrating this, the 
 great plains of Nebraska extend into 
 Eastern Wyoming from 40 to 70 
 miles, when they gradually rise to 
 an elevation of from 6,000 to 9,000 
 feet above sea level, thus forming 
 the Laramie or Black Hills Range, 
 a part of the eastern spur of fhe 
 Rocky Mountara system which 
 extends from the British possessions 
 through Western Montana into 
 Wyoming from its northwest corner 
 to the southeast, into Colorado, and 
 southward across the continent. 
 
 The- largest lake in Wyoming is 
 Yellowstone. It is about 22 lailes 
 longf from south to north, and from 
 
 10 to 15 miles wide from east to 
 west, and has been sounded at the 
 depth of 300 feet. It is a beautiful 
 expanse of water, cold, clear, and 
 filled with vegetable growths, and 
 abounding with salmon trout. 
 
 Upon the divides on either side of 
 Yellowstone Lake are numerous small 
 lakes at an elevation of 10,000 to 
 l],ooo feet above sea level, many of 
 which have no outlet, being merely 
 reservoirs for the elevated plateaus. 
 To the soutwest of Yellowstone Lake 
 are three lesser lakes — Shoshone, 
 Lewis, and Madison — besides other 
 small ones. The former is the largest, 
 being about 5 miles long and 3 miles 
 wide, and has an altitude of 8,000 
 feet above the sea. Lewis Lake, 
 some 5 miles south of Shoshone, is 
 a clear body of water some 2V2 miles 
 long by 1V2 miles wide. Four or 
 5 miles west of the west branch of 
 Shoshone is Madison Lake, a beautiful 
 body, skirted with a dense pine forest. 
 It is about 3 miles long north and 
 south, and 2 miles wide east and 
 west. Some 10 miles south of 
 Yellowstone Lake lies Heart Lake, 
 which is one of the sources of Snake 
 River, and nearly as large as Lewis 
 Lake. Besides these there are other 
 lesser bodies, lakelets, nestling on 
 the mountara plateaus and in the 
 lower valleys, which are interesting 
 attiractions to the Park region. 
 
 Descending in.to Snake River Valley 
 we find, some 40 miles from its 
 source, Jackson's I^ake, an irregular 
 body some 8 miles in length, and 
 from 2 to 3 in width, with a souud- 
 ing of 250 feet in depth, and with 
 a good sized island. Just below 
 Jackson's Lake are two other lakes, 
 Leigh's and Jenney's, about a mile 
 apart, and which are some 2 miles 
 long by half a mile wide each. Still 
 farther south down this valley, are 
 two more interesting lakes, called 
 Taggart an d Phelps, which are more 
 or Jess siu'ounded by moraines or 
 glacial walls from 150 to 420 feet 
 above the lakes. 
 
 Passing southward into the Green 
 River Valley, we find Fremont's 
 Lake, a body some 8 to lO miles 
 long and some 2^2 miles wide, lying 
 about 12 miles from Fremont's Peak 
 in the Wind River Range. Still 
 
 455 
 
farther iu the southwest, on the 
 plateau of the Bear River Ran^e, 
 near the source of Salt River, lies 
 a beautiful emerald ,lake, called Alice. 
 There are hundreds of other lesser 
 lakes scattered over the entire area 
 of Wyoming that are useful and 
 beautiful, but too numerous to' 
 mention. These beautiful and interest- 
 ing little resei"V'oirs of the drainage 
 system of Wyomhig are, to a greater 
 or less extent, scattered all through 
 the moimtain ranges and plains of 
 the State. 
 
 Switzerland has its Alpine montain 
 ranges and their accompany-fca- 
 tures of nature, which command the 
 admiration and wonder of tourists 
 from all lands. So, too, has Wyoming 
 its "Alpine" ranges in the Rocky 
 Mountain chain, which with its 
 collateral off-shoots and spurs, rises 
 in lofty grandeur throughout its 
 domain. Its snow-capped peaks, its 
 valleys, basins, and plains are marked 
 with many wonderful curiosities, 
 WTOught by the steady, quiet hand 
 of Nature through the various elements 
 at her command, which tell us of the 
 long ages of the past. The wonderful 
 power of these elements — atmosphere, 
 heat, and water — in their various 
 relations, is here demonstrated in 
 the upheavals, the depressions, the 
 deep, rock-cut canons, awe-inspiring 
 cataracts and beautiful cascades, 
 fantastic rock)^ monuments canned 
 from mountain ranges b)^ the erosive 
 and glacial action of ages past. 
 Mounds, buttes, and dunes rise with 
 artistic symmetry, as though thought- 
 ful skill had formed them rather than 
 the action of the drift. These, with 
 the water-courses that flow from 
 mountain ranges down through deep 
 valle)^s and canons, falling over rocky 
 ledges for hundreds of feet, across 
 grass-covered plains, and with nu- 
 merous lakes embosomed on the 
 high plateaus, slopes, and bases of 
 these ranges, present scenic views 
 doubtless more grand and more 
 wonderful than any other region of 
 countiy on the globe. 
 
 Of mountain peaks there are but 
 few on the North and South American 
 continents of greater elevation than 
 Fremont's Peak, of the Wind River 
 Range — 13,790 feet above the sea; in 
 
 fact, there aie but few on the globe 
 higher. Among the higher peaks of 
 the several mountain ranges of the 
 Slate are Wind River Peak, 13,4CXD 
 feet; Grand Teton Peak, of the Teton 
 Range, 13,690 feet; Mount Sheridan, 
 13,691, and Mount Washburn, 10,316 
 feet, of the Yellowstone Range; Index 
 Peak, Shoshone Range, 11,500 feet; 
 Wyoming Peak, of Wyoming Range, 
 11,490 feet; Gros Ventre Peak, 
 11,570 feet, and Atlantic Peak, 12,700, 
 both of Wind River Range; Yont's 
 Peak, Shoshone Range, 11,700 feet; 
 Soda Peak, 9,683; Whisky Peak, 
 9,273: Semcnoe Peak, 9,930 feet, of 
 the Rattlesnake Range; Washakie 
 Needles, Owl Creek Range, 12,253; 
 Black Butte,LaramieRange, 11,000 feet. 
 Wyoming has superior climatic 
 advantages. Remote from the sea- 
 coast and large bodies of water, there 
 is but little fog or rain, and the 
 general prevalence of sunshine renders 
 the atmosphere dry, rare, and clear. 
 Cloudy days ai-e the exception. Ob- 
 jects are seen at great distances, and 
 the atmospheric influence on the 
 human system is bracing and healthful. 
 
 ALMY, Wy. 
 
 Three miles west of Evanston in 
 Uinta County, with about 1500 
 inhabitants. 
 
 BUFFALO, Wy. 
 
 Buffalo, the county seat of Johnson 
 County, is located on Clear Creek, 
 225 miles north of the Union Pacific 
 Railway. The city has an electric 
 light plant, water-works, a $ 40,000 
 court-house, a $ l5,coo three-story 
 brick flouring mill, good school 
 buildings, national banks, two news- 
 papers, several churches and numerous 
 brick residences and buildings. Fort 
 McKinney, a regimental post, is . 
 situated two miles from the city. 
 The scenery about the post and city 
 is very fine. Telegraph and telephone 
 lines connect the city with the fort 
 and with railroad points. Buffalo has 
 a good volunteer tire department, 
 building association and board of 
 trade. Fraternal societies are well 
 represented. A United States land 
 office is situated here. 
 
 456 
 
CARBON, Wyoming. 
 
 This town, with a population of 
 1,150, is, exclusively, a coal mining 
 district. 
 
 CASPER, Wyoming. 
 
 / The new town of Casper is in the 
 northeastern part of the county. It 
 is sm-rounded by a fine grazing 
 country, the centre of an extensive 
 oil basin and numerous soda lakes. 
 The town has several Ijirge mercan- 
 tile establishments, a bank, and 
 weekly newspaper. Freight in large 
 
 Quantities is shipped from Casper to 
 zanders and Fort Washakie. 
 
 CHEYENNE, Wy. 
 
 The county seat of Laramie county 
 and capital of the State is on Crow 
 Creek, in the southern part of the 
 county. It is a well laid out, hand- 
 somely built city, and is noted for the 
 enterprise of its citizens. It was 
 designated as the capital of the 
 Territory in 1869, and the adopted 
 constitution for Wyoming makes it 
 the State capital. Cheyenne is 516 
 miles from Omaha, on the Union 
 Pacific, and is at the junction of the 
 Cheyenne & Northern, Colorado 
 Central, and Denver Pacific railways. 
 Extensive shops of the Union Pacific 
 are located here. 
 
 Cheyenne has an extensive system 
 of water-works, good sewerage system, 
 fire department and fire alarm 
 system, telephone exchange, electric 
 and gas light in streets and buildings, 
 opera house, club houses, expensive 
 business blocks and elegant residences, 
 ten churches, four banks with an 
 average capital of over a million 
 dollars, and three daily and three 
 weekly newspapers. The city has 
 three large public school buildings 
 and another authorized to be built; 
 a convent building erected at a cost 
 of nearly $5O,00O; deaf, dumb, and 
 blmd asylum; county hospital, and 
 also a capitol building. The city has 
 a very handsome public park, covering 
 four blocks, commodious hotels, street 
 cars, and substantial and fine society 
 buildings; such as Masons, Odd 
 Fellows, Knights of Pythias, etc. 
 
 4 
 
 Fort Russel, three miles northwest 
 of Cheyenne, is a permanent military 
 post, the largest and most important 
 m the Department of the Platte. It 
 has lately beeh supplied with modem 
 water and sewerage system, and the 
 buUdings for officers and men are of 
 tarick, containing all the modem 
 improvements. 
 
 Cheyenne enjoys a freemaU-delivery 
 system. It is the supply point for 
 an extensive stock-raising country 
 adjoining. The city is justly noted 
 for its buildings, numerous shade 
 trees, lawns, stone and cement side- 
 walks, and perfectly graded streets. 
 The State Fair Association groimds 
 are a mile from the city. Cheyenne 
 has a board of trade, a Young Men's 
 Christian Association, with free 
 reading-room and gymnasium, and 
 fraternal societies are well represented. 
 The Union Pacific has here a hand- 
 some station building of red and 
 gray sandstone, 225 by 56 feet in 
 size, two and three stones high, and 
 costing over $100,000. 
 
 DANA, Wyoming 
 A coal mining place, in Carbon 
 County. The output is of excellent 
 quality. 
 
 DOUGLAS, Wy. 
 The country seat of Converse 
 County on the Platte River. It is a 
 town of about 800 inh. 
 
 EVANSTON, Wy. 
 This city is the county seat, ol 
 Uinta County, has a population of 
 1,995, and is one of the most pros- 
 perous and promising towns in the 
 State. It is pleasantly situated in 
 the Bear River Valley, with many 
 natural advantages. It is the home 
 of wealthy cattlemen, mine owners 
 and bankers, and is improving very 
 rapidly. The Union Pacific shops, 
 located here, employ a number of 
 skilled mechanics. The city has two 
 banks, two newspapers, five churches, 
 good- school-houses, electric -light 
 plant, waterworks and other improve- 
 ments. The State insane asylum is 
 situated here, and also the United 
 States land office for the Evanston 
 district. 
 
GLENROCIv, Wy. 
 To^Ti in Couverse County. Here 
 are the mines of the Dale Creek 
 Coal Company. 
 
 HANNA, Wyoming. 
 A coal mining place, 'in Carbon 
 County; the coal mined is of good 
 quality. 
 
 INEZ,-Wy. 
 16 miles from Douglas, are the 
 mines of the Fettermann Coal 
 Company. 
 
 LANDER, Wy. 
 The county seat of Fremont County 
 is a prosperous town. It has a bank, 
 two weekly papers, good schools and 
 a well-built court house. The 
 Shoshone Indian Agency and the 
 military post of Fort Washakie are 
 located about 15 miles from the 
 county seat. Lander has a flouring 
 mill and a electric light plant. The 
 iown. is reached by stage from the 
 U. P. at Rawlins, 130 miles south. 
 
 LARAMIE, Wyommg. 
 
 The principal trade centre and 
 County Seat of Albany County, 
 with a population of 6,500. It is a 
 supply point for ranchmen, miners, 
 and the important railroad and manu- 
 facturing interests that have been 
 located there. Extensive machine 
 shops, employing several hundred 
 men, are in operation; also a large 
 rolling mill, a burnetizing establish- 
 ment for the treatment of railroad 
 ties, and chemical works for refining 
 and preparation of the natural soda 
 for market. Laramie has a flouring 
 mill, glass works for the manufacture 
 of wmdow glass, a tannery, soap 
 works, planing mill, and numerous 
 other enterprises. The Wyoming 
 University, in which the citizens of 
 Laramie take great delight, is located 
 here; also a private school and 
 hospital under the care of Sisters 
 of Charity. There is a substantial 
 county court-house and jail, con- 
 structed of brick and stone, and fine 
 school buildings, churches, residences 
 and business establishments. The 
 city has one dail}"- and three weekly 
 news])apers and a religious monthly, 
 three national banks, water and 
 
 458 
 
 sewerage systems, electric light, tele- 
 phone, exchange, opera house, line 
 buildings erected by various fraternal 
 societies, etc. Laramie is the home 
 of the Episcopal bishop of Wyoming 
 and Idaho. The State fish hatchery 
 is within 5 miles of the city, and 
 the United States penitentiary a half 
 mile outside the city limits. 
 
 LUSK, Wy. 
 Town in Converse Count)r on the 
 Niobrara River, in the midst of gootl 
 grazing country. 
 
 I^WLINS, Wy. 
 This city is on the Union Pacific 
 Railway, and is the county seat of 
 Carbon county. Its altitude is about 
 7,000 feet. It is a short distance oft' 
 the crest of the continental divide, 
 where it is crossed by the Union 
 Pacific. Rawlins has a population 
 of 2,23s, is the terminus of the east 
 and west mountain divisions of the 
 raihoad, and has roundhouses and 
 cjuite extensive machme shops, em- 
 ploying a large number of men. Raw- 
 lins ]s quite a distributing point, 
 having trade with the outlying coun- 
 try a distance of about 206 miles 
 north and south of the raikoad. 
 Daily and tri-weekly mail stages 
 leave here for northern and southern 
 points. The State penitentiary, to 
 cost $ 100,000 when finished, is be- 
 ing constructed here, and the public 
 school houses of the county and city 
 are substantial and handsome build- 
 ings. The court-house, erected of 
 stone, cost nearly $ 50,000, a public 
 school-house $35,000, and one of 
 the fine business blocks has been 
 erected at an outlay of over $ 50,000. 
 There are many other substantial 
 business houses, besides residences, 
 several churches, opera-house, etc. 
 Rawlins has a weekly newspaper and 
 one banking institution. 
 
 ROCK SPRINGS, Wy. 
 Rock Springs, in Sweetwater county, 
 on the Union Pacific, is a mining 
 city of 3,406 inhabitants and is. in 
 the best coal-producing county in the 
 Rocky Mountains. The Rock Springs 
 coal is justly celebrated from tiie 
 Pacific Ocean to the Missouri River. 
 The city has a water-works system 
 
which cost exceeding $2oO,000. Its 
 streets and buildings are lighted with 
 arc and incandescent electric lights. 
 1 1 has a bank, two newspapers, two 
 schools, four churches, a volunteer 
 fire department, excellent conunercial 
 houses, suitable hotels and numerous 
 residences. 
 
 SARATOGA, Wy. 
 So called on account of its hot 
 sulphur springs in the southern part 
 of Carbon Country, on the banks of 
 the Platte River. 
 
 SHERIDAN, Wy. 
 Is the seat of government of 
 Sheridan county, beautifully situated 
 near the junction of Big and Little 
 Goose creeks. The town is surrounded 
 on all sides by broad and fertile 
 
 valleys, well watered and produciiig 
 in abundance a large variety of 
 agricultural products. No town in 
 the State is situated in the midst of 
 so extensive a farming region, good 
 roads, well graded and bridged, being 
 laid out in all directions. It partakes 
 lai"gely of the nature of the growing 
 towns and cities of the grain-growing 
 Western States. There are a dozen 
 or more mercantile establisliments, 
 representing the different lines, and 
 residences and general buildings in 
 proportion. It has an artesian well, 
 supplying pure ^oft water. 
 
 SUNDANCE, Wy. 
 
 The County seat of Crook Cocraly 
 and has a nice court house and 
 town hall. 
 
 459 
 
YELLOWSTOHE 
 HATIOHA-L PARK. 
 
 While the Pai-k is a reservation 
 directly under the control of the 
 general Gonvernment, j^et it lies al- 
 most wholly within the boundary of 
 Wyoniino-, and is justy regarded 
 with pride by all its citizens. 
 
 "The Yellowstone National Park 
 occupies an area rejiorted as 61,8 
 miles long by 56,6 miles wide, in the 
 northwestern comer of Wyoming, 
 with the exception of about two 
 miles "which project on the northern 
 border of Montana, and a strip of 
 about the fiame width extending over 
 into Montana and Idaho. 
 
 "It can be described as a region 
 of hot springs and geysers, mountains, 
 canons, lakes and waterfalls. The 
 beaut}' and grandeur of its scenery 
 are not excelled by any localit)^ 
 Here are fomid the largest and most 
 numerous geysers in the world. No 
 less than seventy of these are active 
 geysers, some of which throw up 
 columns of boiling water and steam 
 over 250 feet in height, while there 
 are thousands of boiling hot springs 
 in whose depth are rejected all the 
 prismatic colors of the rambow. 
 Besides the geysers are majestic 
 mountains, beautiful lakes and rivers, 
 with numerous cascades, rapids, ond 
 waterfalls. The Lower Falls of the 
 Yellowstone are over 350 feet in 
 height, and with the G^and Caiion, 
 ai-e not surjjassed by any scener}' 
 in the world. Difl\'riug from the 
 splendors of Niagara or the Yose- 
 mile, it is no less impressive. 
 
 "Although exploring parties at 
 various times, passed on all sides 
 of this most curious region, its 
 wonders remained imdiscovered 
 until 1870, and it was not until ' 
 1872, after the explorations of Dr. 
 F. V. Hayden, that it was withdrawn 
 from settlement and set apart for 
 all time as a pleasure ground for the 
 people. It is not strange that the 
 Park remained thus unexplored, 
 situated as it was on a plateau 8,(XX3 
 feet above the sea-level, and 
 surrounded on all sides by lofty 
 mountains, the sides of which wei"e 
 covered with a dense growth of 
 pine forests, and sriow-capped 
 summits 10,000 to 13,000 feet high. 
 The only approaches to the Park 
 were over these mountains, tilled 
 with fallen timber, or through deep 
 caBons, whose precipitous heights 
 and rushing rivers made them dan- 
 gerous and well nigh impassable. 
 Having crossed the mountains or 
 passed through one of the deep 
 gorges, the sm-face of the Park is 
 found to be undulating,- and since 
 roads have been cut "through, the 
 various points of interest are easily 
 accessible. 
 
 "The Mammoth Hot Sprmgs, 
 NoiTis Basin, Lower and Upper 
 Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, 
 and the Grand CaHon and Falls of 
 the Yellowstone, are the principal 
 l)oinls visited by tourists, and embrace 
 a cicruit of about 150 miles by stage 
 or private conveyance. 
 
 460 
 
461 
 
Railroads, Singes, and Hotels. 
 The hotels in the Park are managed 
 by the Yellowstone Park Association 
 under certain restrictions of the 
 Government. Thej afford com- 
 fortable accomodation at $, 4 per 
 day. Wagons, saddle horses, and 
 guides cau be obtained at reasonable 
 rates. The Union Pacific Railwa}^ 
 sells round-trip tickets to the Park 
 via Beaver Canon, -on the Utah North- 
 ern Railway, from the west. The 
 season in the Park is limited to 
 lietween the l5th of June and the 
 30th of September. 
 
 "The usual time spent hy tomists 
 in the Park is from three to seven 
 da3's, but more than twice that time 
 could be taken up in visiting the 
 nianj'^ places of interest. New objects 
 are constantly being dicovered that 
 add to its almost endless attractions. 
 
 A steamboat plies on Yellowstone 
 Lake along a shore line 112 miles 
 in length. 
 
 This beautiful sheet ot water of 
 irregular shape is about 3O miles 
 long, with an average width of from 
 12 to r5 miles. There are besides in 
 this vicinity the beautiful Shoshone 
 Lake and Heart Lake under the 
 shadow of Mount Sheridan. It is 
 this vicinity that the Utah Northern 
 (Union Pacific) has jirojected a road 
 to be built in the near future', 
 enabling tourists to reach the Park 
 at its southern extremity. From 
 Beaver CaBon the distance is nearly 
 100 miles to the lower Geyser Basin 
 through a beautiful mountain region 
 that affords fine hunting and fishing 
 just outside the Park, A stop may 
 be made mildway, at Henry Fork, 
 a tributary of .Snake River, a place 
 that has the reputation of beuig a 
 paradise for the huntsman. 
 
 The park is protected \>y two 
 companies of cavalry, 160 men. The 
 cavalry make excellent police for a do- 
 main of more than 3,500 square miles. 
 
 462 
 
List of places. 
 
 Aberdeen, S D ■. . 389 
 Aberdeen, Wash . 424 
 Abilene, Ks . . . 134 
 Abilene, Tex . . . 394 
 Adams, Neb . . . 238 
 Adii-ondack, N Y . 263 
 Adrian, Midi ... 187 
 Adrian, N Dak . . 340 
 Afogniak, Al . . . 36 
 Ainslie, WasTi . . 424 
 Aitkin, Minn ... 197 
 Akoka, Minn ... 197 
 Akron, Ohio ... 349 
 Alameda, Cai ... 57 
 Albany, NY. . .265 
 Albany, Ore ... 360 
 Albion, Neb ... 238 
 Albion, NY. . .266 
 Albuquerque, N M 260 
 Aleutian Islands, Al 36 
 AlexandriaBay,NY 267 
 Alexandria, La . . 150 
 Alitak, Al .... 36 
 Allegheny, Pa . . 369 
 AUentown, Pa . . 369 
 Alliance, Ohio . . 349 
 Alma, Neb .... 238 
 Almy. Wy .... 456 
 Alpena, Mich ... 188 
 Altamont, Md . . 156 
 
 Alton, 111 101 
 
 Altoona, Pa . . . 369 
 American Fork, Ut 417 
 Amsterdam, N Y . 267 
 Anaconda, Mon . 226 
 Anacortes, Wash . 424 
 Ank Settlements,Al 36 
 Ann Arbor .... 188 
 Annapolis, Md . . 155 
 Anniston, Ala . . 18 
 Anrik, Al .... 37 
 Anthony, Ks . . .134 
 Appleton, Wis . . 443 
 Aptos, Cal . . . . 57 
 Ai'kansas City, Ks . 135 
 Arkansas Post, Ark 52 
 
 Arlee, Mon . . 
 Asbury Park, N J 
 Ashland, Ore . 
 Ashland, Wis 
 Ashville, N C 
 Aspen, Col . 
 Astoria, Ore 
 Atchison, Ks 
 Athena, Ore 
 Athens, Ga 
 Athens, Ohio 
 Atkin, Minn 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 Atlantic City, N 
 Attn Island, Al 
 Auburn, Me . 
 Auburn, N Y . 
 Auburn, Wash 
 Audubon, Minn 
 Augusta, Ga 
 Augusta, Me 
 Aurora, 111. • 
 Aurora, Ore 
 Austin, Tex 
 Avalon, N J 
 Avon, Mon . 
 
 . 226 
 . 251 
 . 361 
 .444 
 . 338 
 . 76 
 . 361 
 . 135 
 . 361 
 . 93 
 . 349 
 . 206 
 . 93 
 . 253 
 . 37 
 . 152 
 . 267 
 . 424 
 . 198 
 . 93 
 . 152 
 . 101 
 . 361 
 . 394 
 . 253 
 . 226 
 
 Bablon,Longisland, 
 
 NY..- ... 267 
 Baker City, Ore . . 361 
 Baldwin, Col . . . 74 
 Ballard, Wa:sh . . 424 
 Ballston Spea, N Y 267 
 Baltimore, Md . . 158 
 Bangor, Me . . . 152 
 Bar Harbor, Me . 152 
 Barnegat City, N J 253 
 Barnegat Pier, N J 253 
 Basin, Mon . . . ; 226 
 Batavia, NY. . .268 
 Batesville, Ai-k . . 52 
 
 Bath, Me 152 
 
 Baton Rouge, La . 150 
 Battle Creek, Mich 188 
 Battle Lake, Minn 198 
 Bayonne, N J . . 253 
 
 463 
 
 Bay Ridge, Md . . 156 
 
 Bay City 188 
 
 Beach Haven, N J 253 
 Beatrice, Neb . . 238 
 Beaver Island, Mich 189 
 Bedford, Ind . . . 125 
 Bedford, Pa . . . 370 
 Belfast, Me. . . .153 
 Belgrade, Mon . . 226 
 Belkovskv, Al . . 37 
 Bellefontaine, Ohio 349 
 Belleville, 111 . . . 101 
 Belleville, Ks ... 135 
 Bellows Falls, Vt 420 
 Beloit, Ks .... 135 
 Beloit, Wis .... 444 
 Benverton, Ore . . 362 
 Berkeley, N J . . 253 
 Berkshire Hills, 
 
 Mass 172 
 
 Berner's Bay, Al . 37 
 Bessemer, Ala . . 18 
 Bethlehem, N H . 249 
 Bethlehem, Pa . . 370 
 Biddeford, Me . . 153 
 Big Lake, Minn . 198 
 Big Springs, Neb . 238 
 Big Timber, Mon . 226 
 Billings, Mon ... 226 
 Binghamton, N Y . 268 
 Birmingham, Ala . 21 
 Blaine.^Wash . . . 424 
 Bloomington, 111 . 101 
 Blossbm-g, Mon . 227 
 Blue Mountain, Mell5G 
 Bluffton, Ala . . . 18 
 Bois Blanc Island, 
 
 Mich 189 
 
 Boise City, Idaho . 96 
 Bonham, Tex . . . 395 
 Bonner, Mon . . . 227 
 Boonville, Mo . . 214 
 Boothbay, Me . . 153 
 Boreas, Col ... 74 
 Boston, Mass ... 177 
 Boulder, Col . . . 76 
 
l3oulder, Mon . . 
 Howie, Tex . . . 
 iiozcnian, Mon . . 
 Hraineid, Minn . . 
 riieckenridge, Col 
 Hrockeniidge,]\IiTin 
 liridgehampton.XY 
 P>iidgeport, Conn 
 liiidgeton, NT.. 
 lirockfort. NY. . 
 Brownsville, Ore .' 
 Brunswick, Ga . . 
 iirunswick. Me . . 
 Huckley, Wash . . 
 fUicoda, Wash . . 
 ISiiena Vista, Col . 
 Huffalo, No Dak . 
 P.uffalo, NY... 
 liuffalo, Wy . . . 
 l)urke, Idaho . . . 
 iJurlington, Ja . . 
 r>urlingtou, Vt . . 
 lhitte,"Mon . . . . 
 
 227 
 395 
 227 
 198 
 
 74 
 19S 
 268 
 
 79 
 254 
 268 
 362 
 
 93 
 153 
 425 
 425 
 
 72 
 841 
 268 
 456 I 
 
 97 
 131 
 420 I 
 227 
 
 Cairo, 111 102 
 
 Cambridge, Md . 156 
 Camden, Ark ... 52 
 Camden, N J . . . 254 
 Camp Capitol a, Cal 58 
 Camp Goodall, Cal 58 
 Canandaigua, N Y 269 
 Canby, Ore . . . 362 
 ( anton, Ohio . . 349 
 Canton, Mo . . . 214 
 Cape May, N J . . 254 
 Carbonado, Wash . 425 
 ( arbondale. Pa . . 370 
 ( arltoii, Minn . . 199 
 ( arrington. No Dak 341 
 ( arson City, Nev 247 
 ( artersville, Ga . 93 
 ( arthage. Mo . . 214 
 ( astleRock, Wash 425 
 ( asselton. No Dak 341 
 ( -atskill, NY. . .269 
 < atskill, Mountams 
 
 NY 269 
 
 Cedar Key, Fla . . 87 
 
 Cedar Point, Col . 67 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Ja . 131 
 
 '^■f'dar Rapids, Neb 239 
 
 rutral Point, Ore 362 
 
 ciiti-alia. 111 . . . 102 
 
 Centralia, Wash . 425 
 
 Chambersburg. Pa 370 
 
 ''hampaign. Ill . . 102 
 
 liarlcston, S C . 387 
 
 liarleston, W Va 442 
 
 Charlotte, N C . . 338 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 391 
 Chautauqua, Point 
 Chautauqua orCe- 
 leron NY... 270 
 Cheboygan, Mich . 189 
 ChehaJis, Wash . 425 
 Chelsea, Mass . . 172 
 Cheney, Wash . . 425 
 Chester, Pa ... . 370 
 Cheyenne, Wy . . 457 
 Chicago, 111 . . .104 
 Chicory, Mon . . 228 
 Chillicothe. Ohio . 349 
 ChippewaFalIs,AVis 444 
 Cincmnati, Ohio . 350 
 Cinnabar, Mon . . 228 
 Clarksville, Tex . 395 
 Clark's Fork, Idaho 97 
 Clay Centre, Ks . 135 
 Clayton, N M . . .261 
 Clealum Junct, 
 
 Wash 426 
 
 Clear Lake, Minn . 199 
 Cleveland, Ohio . 351 
 Clifton Springs, N\^ 270 
 Clitheral, Minn . . 199 
 
 Clyde, Ks 135 
 
 Coeur d'Alene City, 
 
 Idaho 97 
 
 Cold Water, Mich 189 
 Colfax, Wash . . 426 
 Colorado City, Col 77 
 ColoradoSprmgs,Col77 
 Colton, Wash . . 426 
 Columbia, Mo . . 214 
 Columbia S C . .388 
 Columbus, Ga . . 93 
 Columbus, Ky . . 145 
 Columbus, Miss . 208 
 Columbus, Mon . . 229 
 Columbus Neb . . 239 
 Columbus, Ohio . 353 
 Como, Col .... 71 
 Concord, N H . . 249 
 Concordia, Ks . . 135 
 Conueaut, Ohio . . 353 
 Cooperstown, N Y 270 
 Cooperstown, No 
 
 Dak 341 
 
 Coming, N Y^ . . .270 
 Corsicana, Tex . . 395 
 Cortland, NY.. 270 
 Coi-vallis, Ore . .362 
 Coshocton, Ohio . 353 
 Cottage Grove, Ore 862 
 Council Bluffs, Ja . 132 
 (.'Ovington, Ky . . 145 
 Cranfordsville, hid 125 
 Cresco, Pa .... 370 
 
 464 
 
 Cresson, Pa 
 Creswell, Ore 
 Cumberland, 
 Custer, Mon 
 Crystal Sprin< 
 Dak . . 
 
 . .370 
 . . . 362 
 
 Md. 156 
 
 . . 229 
 
 S X(. 
 
 Dallas, Ore ... . 362 
 Dallas, Tex ... 395 
 Dah-ymple, No Dak 341 
 
 Dalton, Ga 94 
 
 Danbur)% Conn. . .79 
 Dansville, NY.. 270 
 Davenport, la. . . 132 
 Davenport, No Dak 341 
 Davenport, Wash 42<j 
 Dawson, No Dak . 34 L 
 Dayton, Ohio ' . .353 
 Dayton, Wash . . 426 
 Dazey, No Dak . . 341 
 Deadwood, S D . . 389 
 Decatur, Ala . . . 18 
 Decatur, 111 ... 102 
 Decatur, Tex. . . .397 
 Deer Creek, Minn ] 99 
 Deer Lodge, Mon 229 
 Deer Park, Md . 156 
 Deer Wood, Minn 19Ti 
 Delarof Bay, Al . 37 
 Delaware City, Del 84 
 Delaware, Ohio . 354 
 Denison, Tex . . 397 
 Denver, Col ... 67 
 Des Moines, la . . 132 
 Detroit, Mich . . .189 
 Detroit, Minn ... 199 
 Dickmson, No Dak 342 
 Dilley, Ore ... . 3(J3 
 Douglas City, Al . 37 
 Dover, Del ... . 84 
 Dover, N H . . .249 
 Drain, Ore .... 363 
 Drayton, No Dak . 342 
 Dresden, Ohio . . 351 
 Drurmnond, Mon . 229 
 Dubucque, la. . . 132 
 Duluth, Minn . , . 2(M) 
 Dunkirk, NY . . 270 
 Duquoin, 111. . . . 102 
 Dutch Harbor, Al 37 
 Dyea, Al . . . . . 37 
 
 East St. Louis, 111 102 
 Easton, Pa . . . .370 
 Edgement, Al . . 37 
 Edgelly, No Dak . 342 
 
 Elgin, HI 102 
 
 Elizabeth. N J . . 254 
 Elkhart, Ind . . . 126 
 
Elk River, Minn . 200 
 Elkhorn,Mon . . . 229 
 Ellensburg, Wash 427 
 Elliston, Mon ... 229 
 
 Ellis, Ks 135 
 
 ^" sworth, Ks . . 136 
 I-llsworth, Me. . . 153 
 Elma, Wash ... 427 
 Elmira, NY. . .271 
 El Paso, Tex . . . 397 
 Elwood, Ind . . . 126 
 
 Erie, Pa 371 
 
 EstabrookPark, Col 71 
 Estes Park, Col . 76 
 Eufaula, Ala ... 18 
 Eugene, Ore . . . 363 
 Evanston, 111 . . . 102 
 Evanston, Wis . . 457 
 Evansville, Ind . . 126 
 Everett, Wash . . 427 
 
 Fairbur}^ Neb . . 239 
 Fairfield, Neb . . 289 
 Fairfield, Wash . . 428 
 Fairhaven, Wash . 428 
 Fairplay, Col ... 71 
 Fall River, Mass . 173 
 Falls View, N Y . 274 
 Fargo, No Dak . . 342 
 Farmington, Wash 428 
 Fergus Falls, Minn 200 
 Femandina, Fla . 89 
 Ferris Hot Springs, 
 
 Mon 229 
 
 First View, Col . 67 
 Fisher's Island, NY 271 
 Fishkill, NY. . .271 
 Fitchburg, Mass 
 Florence, Al . . 
 Florence, Mon . 
 Florence, N C . 
 FolsomSprings,NM261 
 Fond du Lac, Wis 445 
 Forest Grove, Ore 263 
 ForestRiver,NoDak 343 
 Forsythe, Mon . . 229 
 Fort Alger, Al . 
 Fort Collins, Col 
 Fort Keogh, Mon 
 Fort Logan, Col 
 Fort Payne, Ala 
 
 173 
 
 18 
 229 
 338 
 
 37 
 
 76 
 
 229 
 
 71 
 
 19 
 
 Fort Ripley, Minn 201 
 Fort Scott, Ks '. . 136 
 Fort Smith, Ark . 52 
 Fort Tongas, Al . 37 
 Fort Wayne, Ind . 126 
 Fort Worth, Tex . 898 
 Fort Wrangel, Al . 37 
 Fort Yukon, Al . . 38 
 
 Francfort, Ky . 
 Frazee, Minn . . 
 Frederick, Md . 
 Fremont, Nebr . 
 FrenchtowTi, Mon 
 Fresno, Cal . . 
 Friedensville, Pa 
 Fullerton, Neb . 
 
 145 
 201 
 157 
 239 
 229 
 58 
 371 
 239 
 
 (junnison, Col 
 
 74 
 
 Gainesville, Ark . . 52 
 GauiesviUe, Fla . . 89 
 Gainesville, Ga . . 94 
 Galena, 111 ... . 102 
 Galesburg,Ill ... 102 
 Gallatin, Mon . . 230 
 Galveston, Tex . . 399 
 Gardiner, Me . . . 153 
 Gai-field, Wash . . 428 
 Garos, Col ... . 71 
 Gaylord, Mon . . 230 
 Garrison, Mon . . 230 
 Geneva, NY . . .271 
 Genoa, Neb ... 289 
 Gensee, Idaho . . 97 
 Georgetown, Tex . 400 
 Georgetown. S C . 388 
 Gervais, Ore ... 363 
 Gilby, No Dak . . 348 
 Gladstone, Mich . 191 
 Gladstone, No Dak 343 
 Glen Cove, NY .271 
 Glendale, Ore . . 363 
 Glendive, Mon . . 230 
 Glen Falls, N Y . 271 
 Glen Station, N H 249 
 Glenwood, Minn . 201 
 Glenwood, Springs 
 
 Col 76 
 
 Gloucester, Mass . 173 
 Glyndon, Minn . . 201 
 Gothenburg, Neb . 240 
 Grafton, No Dak . 343 
 Grand Haven, Mich 191 
 Grand Island, Nebr 240 
 GrandForksNoDak 343 
 Grand Rapids . . 191 
 Grantsdale, Mon . 230 
 Grant's Pass, Ore 364 
 Graymont, Col . . 70 
 Great Shoshone 
 
 Fall, Id 97 
 
 Greely, Col ... . 78 
 Greencastle, Ind . 126 
 Greefield Mass . . 178 
 Greenville. Ark . . 52 
 Greenville, S .C . . 388 
 Greenville, Tex . 400 
 Greenwich, Conn . 79 
 Grey Eagle, Minn . 201 
 
 465 
 
 I Hagerstown, Md . 15< 
 I Flailey, Idaho ... 98 
 I Halsee, Ore . . .364 
 Hamilton, Mon . . 230 
 Hamilton, Ohio . . 354 
 Hampton, Va . . .421 
 Hancock, Col . . 72 
 Hannibal, Mo . . 215 
 Harrisburg, Ore . 864 
 Harrisburg, Pa . . 371 
 Hai-rodsburg, Ky . 145 
 Hartford, Conn . 79 
 Hastings, Neb . . 240 
 HauserJunct,Idaho 98 
 Haverstrand, N Y . 271 
 Havre de grace, Md 157 
 Hawley, Minn . . 201 
 
 Hays, Ks l86 
 
 Helena, Ark ... 58 
 Helena Mon . . .280 
 Henning, Minn . . 20 1 
 Henrietta, Tex . . 401 
 Heppner, Ore . . 364 
 Hill Top, Col . . 71 
 Hillsboro, Ore . . 364 
 Hillsboro, Tex . . 401 - 
 Hoboken, N J . .254 
 Holly Springs, Miss 208 
 Holton, Ks . . . . 136 
 Holyske, Mass . . l73 
 Homer, NY. . .271 
 Homosassa, Fl . . 89 
 Hood River, Ore . 364 
 Hope, Idaho ... 98 
 Hoquiam, Wash . 428 
 Hornelsville, N Y . 271 
 Hortense, Col . . 72 
 Hot Springs, Ai'k. 49 
 Hot Springs, S D 389 
 Houston, Tex . . 401 
 Hudson, NY . . 271 
 Hugo, Col ... . 67 
 Humboldt Harb,Al 38 
 
 Huna,Al 38 
 
 Hunter's Plot 
 
 Springs, Mon . 281 
 Hiintsville, Al . . 19 
 Huntsville, Tex . . 402 
 Fluron, S D ... 389 
 HuroniaBach,Mich 191 
 Hutchinson, Ks . . l36 
 
 Icy Cape, Al . . . 88 
 Iliuliuk, Al . . . . 88 
 Independence, Ore 364 
 Indianapolis, Ind . l26 
 Iowa City, la . . . l32 
 Ironton, Ohio . . 354 
 
Iron Mountain,Mon 232 
 Ithaca, NY ... 271 
 
 Tackson, Mich . . l92 
 Jackson, Miss . . . 208 
 Jackson, N H . . 249 
 Jacksonville, Fla . 89 
 Jacksonville, 111 . . lo2 
 JamestouTi. N Y . 272 
 Jamesto'mi, No Dak 343 
 Janesville, Wis . . 445 
 Tcfferson City, Mo 215 
 Jefferson, Mon . . 232 
 Jefferson, N H . .249 
 Jefferson, Ore . . 364 
 Jefferson, Tex . . 403 
 Jeffersonville, Ind . 126 
 Jersey City, N J . 257 
 
 Joliet, 111 102 
 
 Juliaetta, Idaho . . 98 
 
 Juma, Ariz 43 
 
 Junction City, Ks . l37 
 Junction City, Ore 364 
 Juneau, Al . . . . 38 
 
 Kadiak, Al . . . 
 Kalama, Wash . 
 Ivankakee, 111 . . 
 Kansas City, Ks 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 Karluk, Al'. . . 
 Kearney, Neb . 
 Kelso, Wash . . 
 Kendiick, Idaho 
 Kenosha, Col . . 
 Kenosha, Wis . 
 Kent, Wash . . 
 Keokuk, la . . . 
 Ketchum, Idaho 
 Key West, Fla . 
 Kimball. Neb . . 
 K nigs ton, N Y . 
 Kit Carson, Col 
 ivnobel, Ark . . 
 Knoxville, Tenn 
 Kokomo, Ind . . 
 Ivolamazoo, Mich 
 Koyukuk River 
 Settlements, Al 
 
 38 
 
 429 
 
 102 
 
 137 
 
 215 
 
 39 
 
 240 
 
 429 
 
 98 
 
 71 
 
 445 
 
 429 
 
 132 
 
 98 
 
 87 
 
 241 
 
 272 
 
 67 
 
 53 
 
 391 
 
 126 
 
 192 
 
 39 
 
 La Conner, Wash 430 
 La Crosse, Wis . 445 
 Lafayette, Ind . . 127 
 La Grande, Ore . 365 
 i^a Grange, Ga . . 94 
 La Moure, No Dak 344 
 Lake Huron, Mich 192 
 Lake George (Cald- 
 well) N Y ... 272 
 
 Lake Park, Minn . 201 
 Lakeside, Ohio . . 354 
 Lakewood, N J . . 257 
 Lancaster, Pa . . 371 
 Lansing, Mich . . 192 
 Lansingburg, N Y 273 
 Laredo, Tex . . . 403 
 Las Vegas Hot 
 
 Springs, N M . 261 
 Las Vegas, N M . 261 
 Laurel, Mon ... 232 
 Lawrence, Ks . . . 137 
 Lawrence, Mass . 173 
 Leadville, Col . . 74 
 Leavensworth,Ks . 138 
 Lebanon, Ore . . 365 
 Leeds, No Dak . . 344 
 Lehigh, Ind Terr . 130 
 Leramie, Wy . . . 458 
 Lewes, Del .... 85 
 Lewis ton. Me . .153 
 Lewiston, Idaho . 99 
 Lexington, K}- . . 146 
 Lexington, Neb . 241 
 Liberty, NY. . .273 
 Lima, Ohio .... 354 
 Lincoln, Neb . . . 241 
 Linnton, Ore . . 365 
 Lisbon, No Dak . 344 
 Little Falls, Minn 202 
 Little Falls, N Y . 273 
 Little Rock, Ark . 53 
 Livingston. Mon . 232 
 Lockport, NY. .273 
 Logan Mon ... 232 
 Logan, Utah . . . 417 
 Logansport, Ind. . 127 
 London, Ohio . . 854 
 Long Branch, N J 257 
 Longmont, Col . . 76 
 Long-port, N J . . 257 
 Longvicw, Tex . . 403 
 Los Angeles, Cal . 58 
 Louisville, Ky . . 146 
 Loup City, Neb . 242 
 Ivowell, Mass . . . 173 
 Luce, Minn .... 202 
 Lynn, Mass. . . . 173 
 I^ynchburg, Va . 421 
 Lyons, N^Y . . .273 
 
 Mackinac Island, 
 
 Mich 192 
 
 Macon, Ga . . . . 94 
 Madison, Neb . . 242 
 Madison, Wis . .446 
 Madison, Ind . . . 127 
 Malone, NY. . .273 
 Manch Chunk, Pa . 371 
 
 466 
 
 250 
 344 
 138 
 232 
 192 
 193 
 77 
 355 
 
 Manchester, N H 
 Man dan. No Dak 
 Manhattan, Ks . 
 Manhattan, Mon 
 Manistee, Mich . 
 Manistique, Mich 
 Manitou, Col . . 
 Mansfield, Ohio . 
 Mapleton, No Dak 345 
 Alarietta, Ga . . . 94 
 Marietta, Ohio . . 355 
 Marine City, Mich 193 
 Marquette, Mich . 193 
 Marshall, Tex . . 403 
 Marshalltown, la . 133 
 Martin, Wash . . 430 
 Martinsburg, W Va 442 
 ]Marysvi]le, Mon . 233 
 Alassena Springs, - 
 
 NY 273 
 
 Massillon, Ohio . . 355 
 Maysville, Ky . . 146 
 Mc Gees, Col . . . 72 
 Mc Minnville, Ore 365 
 Mc Pherson, Ks . 138 
 Meckinsck, No Dak 345 
 Medford, Ore . . 365 
 Medical Lake,Wash 430 
 Medina. NY. . .273 
 Alemphis, Tenn . . 392 
 jMeriden, Conn 
 Meridian, Miss 
 Mexico, Mo 
 Middleto^vn, Conn 82 
 iliddletown, N Y . 273 
 I\Iiles City, Mon 
 Milledgeville, Ga 
 JNIilnor, No Dak 
 Milton, Ore 365 
 ]\Iilwaukie, Ore . 
 ]\Iilwaukee, Wis 
 ]\nueola, Tex . . 
 Minneapolis. Ks 
 Minneapolis, Minn 202^ 
 Miiuiewaukan, No 
 
 Dak 
 
 Mirage, Col . . 
 
 Alishawaka, Ind . 
 
 Mission, Idaho . 
 
 Missoula, Mon . 
 
 Mobile, Ala . . . 
 
 Moline, 111 . . . 
 
 Monmouth, 111 
 
 I Monroe, Mich 
 
 j Monterey, Cal 
 
 ; Montesano, Wash 430 
 
 ! Montgomery, Ala . 19 
 
 I Montpelier, Vt . . 420 
 
 ! Moorhead, Minn . 202 
 
 81 
 216 
 215 
 
 233 
 94 
 345 
 365 
 365 
 446 
 403 
 138 
 
 345 
 . 67, 
 . 127 
 . 99 
 . 233 
 . 21 
 . 103 
 . 103 
 . 193 
 . 58 
 
 !02 I 
 
 J 
 
Morris, Man ... 44 
 Morris, Minn . . . 203 
 Morrison, Col . . 71 
 Moscow, Idaho . . 99 
 Motley, Minn ... 203 
 Mount of Holy 
 
 Cross, Col . . . 74 
 Mount Peons, Pa . 371 
 Mullan, Idaho . . 99 
 Muscatine, la . . . 133 
 Muscogee, IndTerr 130 
 Muskegan, Mich . 193 
 
 Nantasket Beach, 
 
 Mass-. . . . . .174 
 
 Nashua, N H . . .250 
 Nashville, Tenn . 392 
 Natucket, Mass . . 174 
 Natcher, Miss . . 2i6 
 Nebraska City, Nb 242 
 Nevada, Mo . . .215 
 New Albany, Ind . 127 
 Newai-k, Del . . . 85 
 Newark, N J . . .258 
 Newark, Ohio . . 355 
 New Berne, N C . 338 
 New Bedford, Mass l74 
 New Britain, Conn 82 
 NewBrunswick,N J 258 
 Newburg NY . .273 
 Newburyport,Mass l74 
 Newcastle, Del . . 85 
 New Haven ... 82 
 New London, Conn 82 
 New - Methalakatla, 
 
 Al 39 
 
 New Orleans, La . l50 
 Newport, Ky . . . i46 
 Newport, R. I. . . 386 
 NewRochelle, Conn 83 
 New Rockford, 
 
 No Dak .... 345 
 New Salem, No Dak 345 
 Newton, Ks . . . l38 
 New What come. 
 
 Wash 431 
 
 New York City . . 284 
 New York Mills, 
 
 Minn 203 
 
 Niagara Falls, N Y 274 
 Norfolk, Neb . . 242 
 Norfolk, Va . . . 421 
 Norris, Mon ... 233 
 Norrist-own, Pa . . 371 
 North Adams, Mass l74 
 Northfield, Mass . 174 
 Northampton,Mass l74 
 North Platte, Neb 243 
 
 North Yakima, 
 Wash . . . 
 Norwalk, Conn 
 Norwich, Conn 
 Norwich, N Y 
 Nuhlukyel, Al 
 Nulato, Al . . 
 Nyack, N Y . 
 
 431 
 
 83 
 83 
 
 276 
 39 
 39 
 
 276 
 
 Oakesdale, Wash . 431 
 Oakes, No Dak . . 346 
 Oakland, Md . . . 157 
 Oakland, Ore . . . 365 
 Oberlm, Ohio . . 355 
 Oberon, No Dak . 346 
 Ocala, Fla . . . . 89 
 Ocean City, Md . l57 
 Ocean City, N J .258 
 Ocosta, Wash . . 431 
 O'Fallons, Neb . 243 
 Ogallalla, Neb . . 243 
 Ogden, Utah ... 417 
 Ogdensbm-g, Ks .139 
 Ogdensbm-g, N Y . 276 
 Oil City, Pa . . .371 
 Old Orchard, Me . l53 
 Olympia, Wash . 432 
 Omaha, Neb . . .243 
 Oneida, NY. . .276 
 Oneonta, N Y . . 276 
 Orange, N J-. . .258 
 Ord, Neb .... 244 
 Oregon City, Ore 365 
 Orion Lake. Mich . l93 
 Ormond, Fla ... 89 
 Orting, Wash . . 432 
 Osawatomie, Ks . l39 
 Osbom, Idaho . . 99 
 Oswego, NY. . .276 
 Ottawa, 111 . . . .103 
 Ottawa, Ks . . . .139 
 Ottumwa, Ja . . . l33 
 Owego, NY. . .277 
 Oxford, Md . . . l57 
 
 Paducah, Ky . . . l47 
 Palatka, Fla ... 90 
 Palestine, Tex . . 403 
 Palouse, Wash . . 432 
 Papillion, Neb . . 244 
 Paris, Ky . . . . l47 
 Paris, Tex .... 4o4 
 Park City, Mon . 233 
 Parkersburg, WVa 442 
 Pasadena, Cal . . 59 
 Pasco June, Wash 432 
 Patchogue, N Y . 277 
 Paterson, NT. • .258 
 Pawtucket, R. I. . 386 
 
 467 
 
 Peekskill, NY. .277 
 Pembina, No Dak 346 
 Penn Yan, N Y . 277 
 Pensacola, Fla . . 90 
 Peoria, 111 ... . 103 
 Perham, Minn . . 203 
 Perth Amboy, N J 258 
 Pescadero, Cal . . 59 
 Petersburg, Va . . 421 
 Petoskey, Mich . l94 
 Philadelphia, Pa . 374 
 Philipsburg, Mon . 234 
 Phoenix, Ariz . . 43 
 Pierre, S D ... 389 
 Pine Bluff, Ark . . 53 
 Pitkin, Col ... . 72 
 Pittsburg and 
 
 Allegheny, Pa . 372 
 Plainfield, N J . .258 
 Plains, Mon . . . 234 
 Platte Canon, Col . 7L 
 Platte Centre, Neb 244 
 Plattsburg, NY .277 
 Plattsmouth, Neb . 244 
 Plymouth, Mass . . i75 
 Pocatello, Idaho . 99 
 Point Barrow, Al . 39 
 Poland Springs, Me l53 
 Pomeroy, Ohio . . 355 
 Pomeroy, Wash .432 
 Pontiac Mich . . . l94 
 Pony, Mon .... 234 
 Port Angeles, Wash 432 
 Port Chester, Conn 83 
 Port Clarence, Al . 39 
 Port Gamble, Wash 433 
 Port Huron, Mich. 194 
 Port Jervis, N Y . 277 
 PortLudiow, Wash 433 
 PortMadison,Wash433 
 Portland, Me . . . 153 
 Portland, Ore . . 366 
 Portsmouth, N H .250 
 Portsmouth, Ohio 355 
 Portsmouth, Va . 422 
 Port Tampa, Fla . 90 
 Port Townsend, 
 
 Wash 433 
 
 Post Falls, Idaho . 99 
 Pottsville, Pa . . . 372 
 Poughkeepsie, N Y 278 
 
 Prescott, Ariz 
 Prescott, Wash . . 
 Prickly Pear 
 
 Junction, Mon . 
 Princeton, N J . . 
 Prosser, Wash . . 
 Providence, R. I. . 
 Provo, Utah . . . 
 
 21 
 
 43 
 ,433 
 
 , 234 
 
 , 258 
 433 
 
 . 386 
 
 /418 
 
Pueblo, Col . . . 77 
 Pullman, Wash . . 433 
 I'unta Gorda, Fla . 90 
 J'ut-iu-Bay Islands, 
 
 Ohio 355 
 
 I'yiamid Lake, Nev 248 
 
 Ouincy, ni .... 103 
 Uuincy, Mass . . 175 
 
 Racine, Wis . . . 
 Raleigh, N C . . .' 
 Rathdruni, Idaho . 
 Ravalli, Mon . . . 
 Reading, Pa . . . 
 Red Lodge, Mon . 
 Redlands Junction, 
 
 Cal 
 
 Rehoboth Beach, 
 
 Del 
 
 Rice's, Minn . . . 
 Richfield Springs, 
 
 NY 
 
 Richmond, Ind . . 
 Richmond, Va . . 
 Rimini, Mon . . . 
 Ritzvilie, Wash . . 
 Riverside, Cal . . 
 Robinson, Col . . 
 Rochester, N H . . 
 Rochester, N Y . 
 Rockford, III . . . 
 Rock Island, 111 . 
 Rockland, Me . . 
 Rockledge, Fla . . 
 Rome, Ga . . . . 
 Rome, NY . . . 
 Rumsej^Mon . . . 
 Rosalia, ^Vash . . 
 Roseburg, Ore . . 
 Roslyn, Wash . . 
 Royalton, Minn . . 
 Russel, Ks . . . 
 Rutland, Vt . . . . 
 Rye Beach N H . . 
 Rye, Conn .... 
 
 447 
 
 338 
 
 100 
 
 234 
 
 3 
 
 234 
 
 34 I 
 
 72 T 
 
 59 
 
 85 
 203 
 
 278 
 
 127 
 
 422 
 
 234 
 
 443 
 
 59 
 
 74 
 
 250 
 
 278 
 
 103 
 
 103 
 
 154 
 
 90 
 
 94 
 
 279 
 
 235 
 
 433 
 
 367 
 
 434 
 
 204 
 
 139 
 
 420 
 
 250 
 
 83 
 
 Sackett's Harbor, 
 
 NY 279 
 
 Saco, Me 154 
 
 Sacramento, Cal . 59 
 Sag Harbor, N Y . 279 
 Saginaw, Mich . . l94 
 Salem, Mass . , . 175 
 Salem, Ore .... 367 
 Salina, Ks . . . .139 
 Salomon, Ks . . . 139 
 Salt Lake City.Utah 419 
 Salton, Cal ... 59 
 
 Samisch, Wash . . 434 
 San Antonio, Tex 404 
 San Bernadino, Cal 60 
 Sanborn, No Dak . 346 
 San Bueua Ventura 
 
 Cal 60 
 
 San Diego, Cal . . 60 
 Sand Point, Idaho 100 
 Sandusk}', Ohio . 356 
 Sanford, Fla ... 90 
 San Francisco, Cal 60 
 San Jose, Cal . . 65 
 Sank Rapids, Minn 204 
 San Rafael, Cal . 66 
 Santa Barbara, Cal 60 
 Santa Catalina, Cal 66 
 Santa Cruz, Cal . 66 
 Santa Fe, N M . . 261 
 Saratoga Springs 
 
 NY 279 
 
 Sauk Centre, Minn 204 
 Sault St. Marie, 
 
 Mich 195 
 
 Savannah, Ga . . 94 
 Schreveperort, La l5l 
 Schuyler, Neb . . 244 
 Scotia, Neb .... 246 
 Scranton, Pa . . . 372 
 Seattle, Wash . . 434 
 Sedalia, Mo . . . 215 
 Sedro, Wash ... 435 
 Selma, Ala .... 19 
 Seneca Falls, N Y 280 
 Seward City, Al . 40 
 Sharon Springs.NY280 
 Sheffield, Ala . . l9 
 Sheldon, No Dak . 346 
 Shelter Island, NY 280 
 Shelton, Wash . . 436 
 Shenectady, N Y . 280 
 Sheridan, Ore . . 367 
 Sherman, Tex . . 405 
 Sidney, Neb . . .246 
 Sidney, Ohio . . . 356 
 Sing Sing NY. .280 
 Silverton, Ore . . 367 
 Sims, No Dak . . 346 
 Sioux City, Ja . . 133 
 Sioux Falls, S D . 390 
 
 Sitka, Al 38 
 
 Skaguay, Al . . . 40 
 .Smyrna, Del ... 85 
 Snohomish, Wash. 436 
 Socorro, NM • . .261 
 Soda Springs, 
 
 Idaho 100 
 
 Sopenah, Wash . . 436 
 South Bend, Ind . 127 
 South Bend, Wath 430 
 
 468 
 
 388 
 437 
 437 
 235 
 io3 
 
 204 
 
 204 
 
 90 
 
 South Tacoma, 
 
 Wash 436 
 
 Spangle, Wash . . 436 
 Spartanburg, S C 
 Spokane, Wash 
 Sprague, Wash , 
 Sprhigdale, Mon 
 Springfield, 111 . 
 Springfield, Mass . l75 
 Springfield, Ohio . 356 
 Springfield, Mo . 215 
 Spring Lake, N J . 259 
 St. Albans, Vt . . 420 
 Stamfort, Conn . . 83 
 Staples, Minn . . 
 Starbuck, Minn . 
 St. Augustine. Fla 
 St. Clair City, Mich l95 
 St. Clair Springs, 
 
 Mich l95 
 
 St. Cloud, Mmn . . 204 
 Steele, No Dak . . 346 
 Steubenville, Ohio 366 
 Stevensville, Mon . 235 
 St. Ignace, Mich . 196 
 St. Joseph, Mo . . 
 St. Louis, Mo . . 
 St. Mary's, Ks . . 
 St. Michaels, Al . 
 Stockton, Cal . . . 
 St. Paul on Kadiak 
 
 Island, Al . . . 40 
 St. Paul, Minn . . 204 
 St. Paul, Neb . 
 St. Paul (Un- 
 
 alaska), Al. . 
 Stiomsburg, Neb . 246 
 Sulphur Springs, 
 
 Tex . . 
 Sumdum, Al . 
 Sumner, Wash 
 Superior, Wis 
 Swanville, Minn 
 Syracuse, N Y 
 
 Tacoma, Wash 
 Tahleguah, Ind 
 
 Terr .... 
 Tallakassee, Fla 
 Tampa, Fla . . 
 Tarpon Speines, 
 Tarrytowii NY 
 Taunton, Mass 
 Taylor, Tex . 
 Tekoa, Wash . 
 Tenino, Wash 
 Terre Haute, In 
 Terrel, Tex . 
 Terry, Mon . 
 
 2l7 
 
 2i7 
 
 146 
 
 40 
 
 66 
 
 246 
 40 
 
 406 
 
 41 
 
 437 
 
 447 
 205 
 281 
 
 437 
 
 129 
 91 
 91 
 Fla 91 
 .281 
 . 175 
 .406 
 .439 
 .439 
 d. 128 
 .406 
 .235 
 
Texarkana, Aik . . 53 
 Texarkana, Tex , . 406 
 The Agricultural 
 
 Maryland College 
 
 Md '. 157 
 
 The Dalles, Ore . . 368 
 The Geysers, Cal 57 
 The Washington 
 
 Hot Springs . . 439 
 Thomasville, Ga . 95 
 Thompson Falls, 
 
 Mon 235 
 
 Ticondcroga, N Y 281 
 Timber Line, Mon 235 
 Titusvilie, Fla' . . 91 
 Titusville, Pa . . . 373 
 Toledo, Ohio . . .356 
 Topeka, Ks . . . .140 
 Toston, Mon ... 235 
 TowerCity,NoDak347 
 Townsend, Mon . 236 
 Traverse City, Mich l96 
 Trenton, N J . . .259 
 Trenton Falls, NY "281 
 Trinidad, Col ... 78 
 Troy, NY. . . .281 
 Trunton, Mass . . l84 
 Tumwater, Wash . 439 
 Tm-ner, Ore . . .368 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala. . l9 
 Tuscon, Ariz ... 43 
 Twin Lakes, Col . 72 
 Tyler, Tex . . .- . 407 
 
 Union, Ohio . . . 357 
 Union, Ore .... 368 
 Union town. Wash 439 
 Urbana, Ohio . . 357 
 Utica, N Y . . . . 28i 
 
 Valley, Neb .... 246 
 Valley City, No Dak 347 
 
 Valley Junetion, No 
 
 Dak 347 
 
 Van Buren, Ark. . 53 
 Vansvcle, Ore . . 368 
 Vermilion, S D . .390 
 Verndale, Minn . . 205 
 Victor, Mon ... 236 
 Villard, Minn ... 205 
 Vincennes, Ind . . 128 
 Virginia City, Nev 249 
 Vollmer, Idaho . . 100 
 
 Waco, Tex .... 407 
 Wadena, Minn . . 205 
 Wahoo, Neb ... 246 
 Wahpeton.NoDak 347 
 Waitsburg, Wash 440 
 Walla Walla, Wash 440 
 Wallace, Idaho . . 100 
 Wallas, Ks .... 140 
 WaLulaJuii ct.Wash 440 
 Waltham, Mass . . 175 
 Wamego, Ks . . . 14l 
 Wardner, Idaho . . 100 
 Warm Springs,Mon 236 
 Washington, D C . 86a 
 Waterbury, Conn ; 83 
 Waterford, NY .282 
 Watertown, N Y . 282 
 Watkin s Glen N Y 282 
 Waukegan, 111 . . 103 
 Wcare, Al .... 4l 
 Weatherford, Tex 408 
 Wellsville, Ohio . 357 
 Weston, Ore ... 368 
 West Point, N Y . 282 
 Wheatland, No Dak 347 
 Wheeling, W Va . 442 
 Whitehall, Mon . 236 
 Whitehall, NY. .283 
 White Plains, N Y 283 
 
 Wibaux, Mon . . 236 
 Wichita FaUs. Tex 408 
 Wichita, Ks ... 141 
 Wickes, Mon ... 236 
 Wilbur, Wash . . 440 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa . 373 
 Wilkeson, Wash . 440 
 Williamsport, Pa . 373 
 Willimantic, Conn 83 
 Wilmington, Del . 85 
 Wilmington, N C . 339 
 Winfield, Ks . . . 141 
 Winlock, Wash. . 441 
 Winnipeg Junct., 
 
 Minn ..... 205 
 Winona, Minn . . 205 
 Winston, Mon . . 236 
 Winter Park, Fla . 91 
 Wissahickon Heights, 
 
 Pa .... 373 
 
 Wood'burn, Ore .' 368 
 Wood Island, Al . 4i 
 Woodland Beach, 
 Woonsocket R I .386 
 
 Del ...... '86 
 
 Worcester, Mass . 175 
 WyomingValley,Pa373 
 Wytheville, Va . . 422 
 
 Xenia, Ohio 
 
 357 
 
 Yakima City, Wash 441 
 Yakutat, Al . . . 4i 
 Yonkers. NY . .283 
 York Beach, Me . i54 
 York Harbor, Me. l54 
 York, Nebr. ... 246 
 
 York, Pa 373 
 
 Ypsilanti, Mich . . l96 
 
 Zanesville, Ohio . 357 
 
 469 
 
" ■■■'■ "■ ^ 
 
 List of Advertisers. 
 
 Alaska - Klondyke Gold Mining 
 Co 325 326 
 
 Anders, A W, Decorator, New 
 York 321 
 
 Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, 
 New York 219 
 
 Athis, J A Sample Room, Buffalo 26Q 
 
 B & O Hotel, Washington D C 86 f 
 B. & O. Royal Blue Line (New 
 
 York to Washington) . . . 168 
 Bartsch, C, New York .... 316 
 Baumgart, Otto, Chicago. Ill . 114 
 Bechtold, A, Optician, New York 324 
 Belvedere House, New York .. 291 
 Bismarck Hotel & Restaurant, 
 
 Chicago, 111 108 
 
 Blumental, Max, Chicago, 111 . 109 
 Broadway Central, Hotel New 
 
 York 289 
 
 Brock's Congressional, Wash- 
 ington DC 86 1 
 
 Bunge, Carl, Chicago, 111 . . . 104a 
 Busch's Hotel, Hoboken, NJ . 256 
 
 Cafe Boulevard, New York . . 302 
 Cafe Lindinger, New York . . 311 
 Cafe Schumann, New York . . 316 
 Chas.W.Soulas',Philadelphia,Pa. 376 
 Clyde Line (Wm P Clyde & Co) 
 
 General Agents, New York, 
 
 last page 
 Copley Square Hotel, Boston, 
 
 Mass l86d 
 
 Densmore Typewriter Co, New 
 York 329 
 
 Dickert's Park House Hotel, New 
 York City- ;^16 
 
 Douthilt, JF American Tapestry 
 & Decorative Co, New York 298 299 
 
 Emmerich, Otto, New York City 322 
 
 Fischer's Hotel, Hoboken, NJ. 255 
 Freudenhammer, C M. Decor- 
 ator, New York 316 
 
 Friedrich's Restaurant, Chicago, 
 111 . 104d 
 
 Frisco Line (St. Louis' and, San 
 Francisco R R) 209 
 
 Gerstenberg, Ernst, Restaur^ 
 
 ant, Washington, DC. . , , 86k 
 
 Giesenhaus, Fred Wm, Sign 
 
 Painting, Hoboken, N J. . . 256 
 
 Graetzer, Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa 320 
 
 Green's Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa 379 
 
 Har-vey House, Niagara Falls . 275 
 Harve}''s Oyster House, Wash- 
 ington DC 86h 
 
 Heurig, Chr, Brewing Co, 
 
 Washington, DC 86 i 
 
 Hofman, Frederick W. Alb- 
 any, NY 266 
 
 Hollender & Co., New'York City 3 1 7 
 Horton Ice Cream Co, New 
 
 York 292 
 
 Hotel Bernard, New York . . . 314 
 Hotel Brunswick, AsburyPark,NJ 252 
 Hotel Hungaria, New York . . 305 
 Hotel Lafayette, Philadelphia, Pa 375 
 Hotel Lorraine, Philadelphia, Pa 378 
 Hotel Rennert, Baltimore, Md . 160a 
 Hotel Fritz Reuter, Washington, 
 
 DC 861 
 
 Huber Bros, Chicago, 111 . . . 112 
 
 "Jager" New York City .... 296 
 Jauch's Hotel and Restaurant, 
 
 Long Branch, N J 257 
 
 International Hotel, Niagara 
 
 Falls, NY 274 
 
 Koelling & IGappenbach, Chi- 
 cago, ni 104a 
 
 Ladenburg, Thalmann & Co., 
 Bankers, New York 284d 
 
 Lenz's, M, The Century Hotel 
 & Summer Garden, New York 321 
 
 470 
 
Loewe's, I,sniyD, Cigar Store, 
 
 New York 305 
 
 Lomax, E S, Omaha, Nebr . . 245 
 
 Liichow, August, New York City 292 
 
 Madden, G H, Decorator, New 
 
 York 321 
 
 Medical Vapor Bath Co., New 
 
 York 304 
 
 Meyer's Hotel, Hoboken, N J . 255 
 Michigan Central Railway . . . 332 
 Middendorf, Oliver & Co, Balti- 
 more, Md l6od 
 
 Missouri Pacific System .... 222 
 
 Monon Route 122 
 
 Naegeli's Hotel, Hoboken, N J . 256 
 
 Oelsner Rudolph, New York 
 
 and Chicago 324 
 
 Photographs of New York . . 323 
 
 Piel Bros. New York City . . 320 
 
 Pilsner Burger Brau, New York 305 
 Pabst Brewing Co., Milwaukee 4SOd 
 Pope Mfg. & Co, Hartford, 
 
 Conn 80 328 
 
 Ruehl's, A., Klondike Hotel, New 
 
 York 323 
 
 Raimond&Whitcomb,NewYork 291 
 Reed, Frank J, Gen Pass Ag, 
 
 Chicago, 111 122 
 
 Republican House, Milwaukee 450 a 
 Rhode, R E Chicago, 111 . . . 107 
 Riggs House, Washington, DC 86 c 
 Roelofs & Co., Henry H., Phila- 
 delphia, Pa . 382 
 
 Royal Blue Line sB & O . . . 168 
 Ruddoy, James, F,y ic toria Ho tel, 
 
 Saratoga Springs, NY... 279 
 
 Schcffel Halle, New York City 304 
 Scheubert Jos, Restaurant, Chi- 
 cago, 111 110 
 
 Schinasi Bros., New York . . . 327 
 Schlatter's Restaurant, Hoboken, 
 
 N J 255 
 
 Schmcnger, J. P., New York City 3 19 
 Schmidt, Aug F, Hotel and 
 
 i Restaurant, New York ... 320 
 Schneider, E, Decroating, New 
 
 York 321 
 
 Security Rupture Cure, Balti- 
 more, Md 165 
 
 Seltzer Spring Co, Saratoga 
 
 Springs, NY....'.... 279 
 
 Smith, Chr, New York .... 316 
 
 Sohmer, Pianos, New York, last 
 page 
 
 Soulas Chas- W., Restaurant and 
 Raths-Keller, Philadelphia, Pa 376 
 
 Stetson Company, John B., Phi- 
 ladelphia, Pa 381 
 
 StuetzleBros, Cafe & Restaurant, 
 New York 310 
 
 Tauscher, Hans, New York City 330 
 Temperance House, Niagara 
 
 Falls, NY.. 275 
 
 The American Improved Pressed 
 
 Hats, Philadelphia, Pa. ... 382 
 The Delavan Albany, NY.. 266 
 The Equitabe Life Assurance 
 
 Society, New York 284 a 
 
 The Keely Cure, Baltimore, Mdr6od 
 The Lake Submarine Compagny, 
 
 Baltimore, Md .- l6od 
 
 The Palace Hotel, Hoboken, N J 255 
 The Raleigh, Washington D C 86f 
 The Rembrandt, New York . 287 
 
 The Roost, New York 327 
 
 The Rowland Turkish Baths, 
 
 Baltimore, Md 163 
 
 The Schlitz Hotel, Milwaukee 447 
 The Shoreham, Washington, DC 86 k 
 The Texas and Pacific Railway 409 
 The Viaduct, Restam"ant, Chi- 
 cago, 111 104 a 
 
 The Wellington, First Class 
 
 European Hotel, Chicago, III 106 
 Totten, T J, Saratoga Springs 
 
 NY 279 
 
 Tremont Turkish Baths, Boston 
 
 Jll. . . .■ 186a 
 
 Union Pacific System 66a 
 
 Union Square Hotel, New York 295 
 
 United States Hotel, Boston . 289 
 United States Hotel, Niagara 
 
 Falls 275 
 
 Untermann, I, New York ... 327 
 Utz, William, Baggage Transfer, first 
 
 page. 
 
 Victoria Hotel, Saratoga Springs, 
 NY 279 
 
 Walker & Co, Chicago, 111 . . lo4d 
 Wegmann, John Decorator, New 
 
 York '320 
 
 Wiehl's Hotel and Restaurant, 
 
 New York 303 
 
 Winter, William, Painter and 
 
 Decarator, New York .... 30S 
 Wirth&Co., Jacob, Boston, Jll. l86d 
 
 471 
 
n. 
 
"The 
 Light 
 Running' 
 
 DENSMORE 
 
 "The World's 
 Greatest 
 Typewriter". 
 
 The Bail-Bearing T3rpe-Bar Joints Mark an Era in Typewriter 
 Construction. 
 
 FROM THE U. S. GOVERNMENT. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
 Washington, Sept. 2, 1896. 
 Densmore Typewriter Company, 
 New York. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: — 
 We have now in use in the Bureaus of this Department nearly 
 125 Densmore Machines. We have had no complaint from the users of 
 them, hence we conclude they ary giving entire satisfaction 
 
 Respectfully, 
 (Signed) HIRAM BUCKINGHAM, Custodian. 
 
 OTHER SUPERIORITIES ESTABLISHED: 
 
 X.IOBTEST KSY TOUCH 
 
 Because of the Compound Levers. 
 GREATEST 8FEEB 
 
 Because of the Convertible Speed Escapement 
 
 MOST CONVENIENT PAPER FEED 
 
 Because of the unique paper-flngers, and ease with which platen is turned 
 to show writing. 
 BEST FOB BOTH OORRESFONDENOE and BKANIFOLDINO 
 
 Because of the instantly interchangeable printing cylinders. 
 
 78 
 
 Our descriptive pamphlet contains strong praise from 
 Leading Concerns and from the U. S. Government 
 
 316 BROADWAY, 
 
 Densmore Typewriter Co, 
 NEW YORK. 
 
THE CELEBRATED 
 
 SOEMEB 
 
 Heads the List of the Highest-Grade Pianos, and Grand Pianos. 
 
 Are at present the Most Popular 
 
 and Preferred by the Leading Artists. 
 
 THE ONLY SALESROOMS IN GREATER NEW YORK FOR 
 THE C ELEBRATE D 
 
 ARE NOW LOCATED IN THE NEW SOHMER BUILDING 
 FIFTH AVENUE CORNER 22d STREET 
 
 THE "sOHMER" HEADS THE LIST OF THE HIGHEST GRADE PIANOS 
 
 PAIITinhl The buying public will please not confound 
 \^HU I lun. the genuine S-O-H-M-E-R Piano with one of a 
 similar sounding name of a cheap grade. 
 
CLYDE LINE 
 
 To Charleston, S.C. and Jacksonville, Fla. without change. 
 
 FRO|VI PIER 29 E.R. NEW YORK 
 
 MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and FRIDAYS at 3 P. M. 
 Superior Steamships "COMANCHE" "ALGONQUIN" * * 
 "IROQUOIS" "CHEROKEE" "SEMINOLE" 
 
 •X- * * •X- 
 
 CLYDE'S ST. JOHN'S RIUER LINE (DE BARY LINE) 
 
 between 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, PALATKA, SAN FORT 
 
 and intermediate landings. 
 
 First class, Interme diate and steerage Tickets. 
 
 Sold from New York to all points South and South- West. 
 
 CiJmfiJrf ♦ Biiirft Clmii * t0to Safes 
 
 W. H. HENDERSON W. H. WARBURTON 
 
 Gen. Eastern Pass. A^ent. Gen. Trav. Pass. Agent. 
 
 THEO. G. EGER M. H. CLYDE 
 
 Traffic Manager. Asst. Traf. Manager. 
 
 VV'M. p^ CLYDE &: C^: general agents 
 
 5 E^OWLING GREEN, NEW YORI^.