^ir.<^' ./ V^" "^^:, .■\ ^^V •^^" ^ ,'^> ' ^. -'Z. * 3 M O ' ,^ >*^ ■''^ •^. ,# «, ' i'^.'. 'V .^^ -^^^::o\n^ .0-: x^' x"^' *\#!2!%*/^ -e \' ^i- '' " « A > ^•. - .<,. r.x.-^. r ,. ,r ta^ « D cWou^V Vt^^x^Va ^^mv^a^iA;i \^22- \'?i^5,eJL. THE 3i^0c uf ^irtJannal); COMBINED AMERICAN AND FRENCH FORCES, UNDER THE COMMAND OF Gen. Lincoln, and the Count d'Estaing, Autumn of 1779. ALBANY : J. MUNSELL, 82 state STREET. 1866. ^4y Nc.-'e- fLlO PREFACE. ^£^ge^^ HE unfortunate IlTue of the Enterprife undertaken in 1779, to recover PolTeffion of the Capital of Georgia, has left a gloomy Page in our Revolutionary Hiftory, not only from its Failure as a military Movement, but from the melancholy Cafu- alty which deprived our Army of one of its moft talented Leaders, the Polifli General Count Pulaiki. The Depreffion of the Patriots of the Revolution by thefe Reverfes, was deftined to be ftill further increafed by the fubfe- quent Succefs of the Britifh Arms in the Southern Colonies, while it afforded Caufe of Exultation among the Loyalifts, who confidently predided the fpeedy and effed- 4- Preface. ual Reftoration of the Royal Authority throughout the revolted Colonies. The Columns of the Royal Gazette bear Witnefs to the Strength of this Hope, while they at the fame Time exhibit the Feeling of Bitternefs which they cheriihed towards thofe who had begun the War, and in which the Infurgents had already achieved Succefs on many Occafions. The following Pages prefent the Accounts that were publifhed in Mr. Rivington's Paper, upon the Subjed: of the unfuccefsful Attempt of the combined American and French Forces to capture the City of Savannah, in the Months of September and October, 1779. According to the Plan propofed for this Series, we have briefly ftated the Circum- ftances which preceded and attended the Event, before prefenting the Documents that embrace the Details; and have placed in the Appendix, fuch other Statements and Papers, as would more fully prefent the Subjed: in all its Bearings, and under every Point of View. INTRODUCTION. 'TpHE Manifeftations of Sympathy with ^ the Revolution in the Colony of Geor- gia, although perhaps not lefs earneft, was lefs aggreffive than in the North, and did not attract the Notice of the Britifli Admin- iftration as requiring particular Effort on their Part in the earlier Years of the War. Although the Patriots of that Se(5tion en- tered into the Meafures aiming at a Reform in Government with great Zeal, it was doubtlefs believed that when once the Armies in the North were vanquished, the whole Country would acquiefce in the Neceffity of Obedience to the Britifh Rule, without the Trouble of fending coftly Armies and Navies to receive the Submif- fion of the late Infurgents. B 6 IntrodiiEiion. The Number of Sympathizers with the Britifh Caufe, was relatively much larger than in the northern Colonies, and in Pro- portion as this Caufe prevailed, large Num- bers of the Colonifts lent their willing Aid in its Support, or paffively yielded their Acquiefcence to its Terms. There were however, many earneft and vigorous Advocates of the Revolution, efpe- cially in the Upper Country, and the par- tizan Warfere which they continued t^ maintain long after the Cities on the Coaft had been apparently fettled as permanent Dependencies of the Crown, furnifhes fome of the moft brilliant PalTages in our Revo- lutionary Hiftory. The Conteft became in fome Parts a War of Extermination, and it appeared as if one Party muft be entirely rooted out, before the other could live in Peace. The Events of the War having rtiown that the Prefence of a Britifli Army was neceffary to the Maintenance of the Royal Caufe, and probably in the Expedation that IntroduSiion, 7 with this Encouragement, the loyal Portions of the Population, would venture to Rally in Force around the Britifli Standard, an Expedition was fitted out from New York towards the Clofe of 1779, to eftablifh themfelves at Savannah. The American Force at that Place, then confifted of between fix and i^y^w hundred Continentals, and a few hundred Militia under the Command of Major General Ro- bert Howe. The official Report of the Britifh Officer who led this Expedition is embraced in the following Letter addretfed to Lord George Germain, dated "Savannah, January 16, 1779:*' " In confequence of Orders from Sir Henry Clinton, to proceed to Georgia with his Majefty's 71ft Regiment of Foot, two Battalions of Heflians, four Battalions of Provincials, and a Detachment of the Royal Artillery, Colonel Archibald Campbell em- barked at Sandy Hook on the 27th Novem- ber, 1778, and arrived off the Illand of 8 IntroduEiion. Tybee on the 23d December, efcorted by a Squadron under the Command of Commo- dore Parker. On the 24th, the greateft Part of the Tranfports got over the Bar and anchored in Savannah River. On the 27th, the Balance of Commodore Parker's Fleet joined him. During the Time occupied in bringing the laft Divilion of the Fleet over the Bar, from the Provincial Battalions, were formed two Corps of Light Infantry, the one to be attached to Sir James Baird's light Company of the 71ft Highlanders, the other to Captain Cameron's Company of the fame Regiment. Having no Intelli- gence that could be depended upon with refped; to the military Force of Georgia, or the Difpolitions formed for its Defence, Sir James Baird's Highland Company of Light Infantry, in two Flat-boats, with Lieuten- ant Clarke, of the Navy, was difpatched in the Night of the 25th, to feize any of the Inhabitants they might find on the Banks of Wilmington River. Two Men were taken, from whom the Enemy derived In- Introdu&ion, c formation which they confidered Satisfac- tory, and induced them to refolve to land the Troops the next Evening at the Planta- tion of Mr. Gerredeaux, twelve Miles fur- ther up the River, and two Miles from the Town of Savannah. The Vigilant Man- of-war, with the Comet Galley, the Keppel armed Brig, and the Greenwich armed Sloop, followed by the Tranfports in three Divifions, in the Order eftabliflied for a Defcent, proceeded up the River with the Tide, at Noon. About four o'clock in the Evening the Vigilant opened the Reach to Gerredeaux's Plantation, and was cannon- aded by two American Galleys. " The Tide and Evening being too far fpent, and many of the Tranfports having been grounded at the Diftance of five or fix Miles below Gerredeaux's Plantation, the Defcent was delayed until next Morning. The firft Divifion of Troops, confining of all the Light Infantry of the Army, the New York Volunteers, and the firft Battal- ion of the 71ft, under the Command of lo IntroduSiion, Lieutenant-Colonel Maitland, were landed at Break of Day on the River Dam in front of Gerredeaux's, from whence a narrow Caufeway of iix hundred Yards in Length, with a Ditch on each Side, led through a Swamp direcftly for Gerredeaux's Houfe, which flood upon a Bluff about thirty Feet high. The Light Infantry, under Captain Cameron, having firfl reached the Shore, were formed, and led brifkly forward to the Bluff, where a Body of fifty Americans were pofted, and from whom they received a fmart Fire of Mufketry ; but the Enemy rufhed forward and drove them into the Woods, and fecured a Landing for the Reft of the Army. Captain Cameron and two Highlanders were killed, and five High- landers wounded. The Army of Major- General Howe was drawn up about Half a Mile Eaft of the City of Savannah, with feveral Pieces of Cannon in their Front. The firft Divifion of Troops, together with one Company of the fecond Battalion of the 71ft, the firft Battalion of Delancey's, IntrodiiSiion. II the Well worth, and a Part of the Wilfen- bach Regiment of Heffians being landed, Colonel Campbell went in Purfuit of the Americans, leaving a confiderable Force to cover the Landing-place. On the Troops reaching the Road leading to Savannah, the Divilion of the Willenbach Regiment was ported on the Croll- roads, to fecure the Rear of the Army ; a thick Swamp covered the Left of the Line of March, and the Light Infantry, with the Flankers of each Corps, effectually covered the cultivated Plantations on the Right. The Troops reached the open Country, near Tattnall's Plantation, before three o'Clock in the Afternoon, and halted on the Road about two hundred Paces fhort of the Gate leading to Governor Wright's Plantation. " The American Army were drawn up acrofs the Road, at the Diftance of eight hundred Yards from this Gateway. One- half, confifting of Thompfon's and Huger's Regiments of Carolina Troops, were formed 12 Introdu&ion. under Col. Huger, with their Left oblique to the Road leading to Savannah, their Right to a wooded Swamp covered by the Houfes of Tatnall's Plantation, in which fome Riflemen had been placed. The other Half of the American Army, coniifting of Part of the firft, fecond, thirds and fourth Battalions of the Georgia Brigade, was formed under Colonel Elbert, with their Right to the Road, and their Left to the Rice Swamps of Governor Wright's Plant- ation, with the Fort of Savannah Bluff behind their left Wing, in the Style of a fecond Flank ; the Town of Savannah, round which were the Remains of an old Line of Intrenchment, covered their Rear. One Piece of Cannon was planted on tlie Right of their Line, about one hundred Paces in Front of the Traverfe. At a Spot between two Swamps a Trench was cut acrofs the Road ; and about one hundred Yards in Front of this Trench a marihy Rivulet run almoft parallel the whole Ex- IntroduBion . 1 3 tent of their Front ; the Bridge of which was burnt down, to interrupt the PalTage and retard the Progrefs of the Englifh. Colonel Campbell difcovered, from the Movements of the Americans, that they expelled an Attack upon their Left, and he was defirous of confirming that Expectation. Having fallen in with a Negro named Quamino Dolly, Colonel Campbell induced him, by a fmall Reward, to condudl the Troops, by a pri*^ate Path through the Swamp, upon the Right of the Americans. Colonel Campbell ordered the firft Battalion of the 7 1 ft to form on his Right of the Road, and move up to the Rear of the Light Infantry, whilft he drew off that Corps to the Right, as if he meant to extend his Front to that Quarter, where a Fall of Ground favoured the Concealment of this Manoeuvre. Sir James Baird had Orders to convey the Light Infantry to the hollow Ground quite to the Rear, and penetrate the Swamp upon the Enemy's Left, with a C 1 4 Introdu Eiion . View to get round, by the new Barracks, into the Rear of the Enemy's right Flank. The New York Volunteers, under Colonel Tumbull, were ordered to fupport him. During the Courfe of this Movement, the Enemy's Artillery were formed in a Field on their Left of the Road, concealed from the Americans by a Swell of Ground in Front, to which Colonel Campbell meant to run them up for Adlion, when the Signal was made to engage, and from whence he could either bear advantageoufly upon the Right of the American Line as it was then formed, or cannonade any Body of Troops in Flank which they might detach into the Wood to retard the Progrefs of the Light Infantry. Campbell then commenced the Attack, and the American Line was broken. About one hundred of the Georgia Militia, under the Command of Colonel George Walton, pofted at the new Barracks with fome Pieces of Cannon, were attacked by Sir James Baird, and after fighting bravely, were compelled to retreat. The General IntroduEiion, 1 5 (Howe) ordered a general Retreat, which was made in great Confufion." In the Capture of Savannah, the Ameri- cans loft about one hundred killed on the Field, or drowned in endeavoring to re- treat, and thirty-eight Officers and four hundred and fifteen Privates were captured. All their Cannon, Munitions and Provi- fions fell into the Enemy's Hands, with but the moderate Lofs on their Part of feven killed and nineteen wounded. No Blame was, under the Circumftances, attached to General Howe, who was fubfequently hon- orably acquitted by a Court of Inquiry.' A conciliatory Policy was adopted by the Viaors, which attraded Multitudes of the Inhabitants to the Royal Caufe. A Series of fuccefsful Movements againft Sunbury, Augufta and other Points, feemed to decide the future Deftinies of this Colony, and 1 The Lofles of the Americans befides in Men, were, one Stand of Colours, forty-eight Cannon, twenty-three Mortars, ninety- four Barrels of Powder, and the Fort with all its Stores. Savan- nah was then the Capital of Georgia. 1 6 Introdu&ion. called the Attention of Congrefs to the Neceffity of making a decifive Effort to re- gain their LolTes in the Southern Depart- ment. Charlefton was at this Time an important Poft ftill in .the Hands of the Americans, but was dependent upon the civil Authori- ties for its Supplies, and EmbarralTments exifted in the local Adminiftration which threatened the mofl: ferious Confequences. In the preceding September, a Change had been ordered in the Command of the Southern Department, by which General Benjamin Lincoln of MalTachufetts, was affigned to that Poft, and General Howe was directed to report to General Wafhing- ton. Under this Arrangement Gen. Lin- coln had proceeded to Charlefton, from whence, upon learning of the Entrance of the Britifti Fleet into the Savannah River, he marched to the Relief of Gen. Howe, but upon arriving at a Point on the north Side of the River he learned of the Difafter which IntroduEiion, 17 had happened below, and was foon joined by the Remnant of the defeated Army. The Savannah River now remained for fome Time the dividing Line between the two Forces. The whole of Georgia was conlidered fo far under Britifh Authority, that a civil Government was eftablifhed, and executive and judicial Officers appointed. The Frontiers were however not allowed to remain quiet, and the early Months of 1779 were fpent in alternate aggreffive and defenlive Movements by General Lincoln and General Prevoft,' in the Courfe of which, the former undertook to eftablifh himfelf at Augufta, while the latter attacked Charlefton from the land Side, but without Succefs. After a Series of Operations upon the Iflands on the Coaft the Britifli Army returned to Savannah and St. Auguftine, 1 Major General AugulHne Prevoil was then in Command. His Rank dated from May 25, 1772. He failed for England in the Brig 'Three Friends, foon after the Siege of Savannah was raifed. He was a Native of Switzerland, and died in 1 786. His Son George was Governor in Canada in the War of 1812-15. 1 8 IntroduEiion. after eftablifhing a Poft on the Illand con- tiguous to Port Royal and St. Helena, and at various Points in the Interior, while General Lincoln with about eight hundred Men retired to Sheldon, near Beaufort, to prepare for the next Campaign, which it was fuppofed would open in Od:ober. The French, then at War with the Eng- lifli, had at this Time a large Fleet in the Weft Indies. The Britifh Forces had cap- tured St. Lucia, and the French had re- duced St. Vincents and Grenada, and at about the Time when the latter Event oc- curred, the Count d'Eftaing, who com- manded the French Fleet, received fuch large Reinforcements as to give him for the Time being a decided naval Superiority. A Reprefentation was accordingly made to the Count d'Eftaing, by Governor Rut- ledge of South Carolina and General Lin- coln, in Concert with M. Plombard, French Conful at Charlefton, which induced him to undertake with the Continental Forces under General Lincoln, a combined Attack IntroduBion. 19 upon their common Enemy, the EngUfh, at Savannah. The Propofition being favorably received, the Count, in Conformity to his Inftruc- tions to aid the Americans whenever a fair Opportunity {hould offer, prepared to undertake the Enterprife. He accordingly left Cape Fran9ois, with twenty-two Ships of the Line and eleven Frigates, having on board fix thoufand land Troops and appeared at the Mouth of the Savannah River, before the Englifh had got Intelligence of the Plan, and at a Time when they were leaft expediing a hoftile Vifit. The firft Intimation of the Approach of the French Fleet was received by General Prevoft on the third of September. He haftened to call in the Forces under Colonel Maitland at Port Royal, and feveral Detach- ments in the Interior for the Defence of the Capital. General Lincoln upon being notified of thefe Movements, marched to cooperate with the Forces under his Command, but 2 o IntroduEiion . his Route was greatly delayed by the De- ftrudlion of Bridges and the Want of Tranf- portation, and he did not efFed: a Jundtion until the fixteenth. The Count d'Eftaing had before this, de- manded a Surrender of the Town, but had ulnwifely allowed the Correfpondence which enfued to delay his own Operations, while this Interval was actively improved by Gen- eral Prevoft in preparing for a vigorous Defence. One can fcarcely read this Cor- refpondence without being convinced, that it was protrad:ed by the Britifh as long as poffible to await the Arrival of their Rein- forcements. Although the French held the main Channel of the River, there were ftill feveral Routes behind the Iflands which they could not blockade. The Englifh on their Part, funk VelTels in the River, to hinder the PalTage of the French Fleet, and called into Service all the Labor that could be reached, to ere(5t Fortifications before the Town. IntroduSiion, 2 1 The Siege began on the 23d of Septem- ber and on the ift of October he had ad- vanced within three hundred Yards of the Britifh Works, Batteries were planted, and a heavy Cannonade opened upon the Britifh Works and the Town. The Profecution of the Siege, by regular Approaches, was a Work of Time, and the Seafon was getting late and dangerous for the Fleet upon an infecure Coaft and at a Period when Tem- pefts become frequent and deftrudiive. It was therefore refolved to attempt to carry the Place by AlTault. On the 9th of October an Attack was made along a hollow Way on the Left of the allied Army which covered the Advance, to within fifty Yards of the main Works, while Feints were made by the Militia at other Points. The AlTault was made in three Columns by about three thoufand five hundred French and one thoufand Americans, including Continent- als and Charlefton Militia. Thefe Columns were met by a more D 2 2 IntrodiiEiion . vigorous Refiftance than was expelled, yet they prelTed forward with Ardor, palTed through the Abatis and Ditch and mounted the Parapet, where both French and Ameri- cans, planted their Standards, but they were finally compelled to Retreat with heavy Lofs. The Count Pulafki, while charging at the Head of about two hundred Horfe, in the Rear, received a fevere Wound of which he died a few Days after. The Count d'Eftaing and Major General De Montange were alfo wounded. After this Repulfe, the Count d'Eftaing refolved to raife the Siege. The Remon- ftrances of General Lincoln proved unavail- ing, and the Removal of the heavy Ord- nance and Stores was commenced. The American Army recrofled the Savannah at Zubly's Ferry, and took Poft again in South Carolina, while the French Fleet pafTed out of the River and difappeared from the Coaft. A violent Gale difperfed this Fleet, fo that though the Count had directed feven IntroduEiion. 2 :> Sail to repair to the Chefapeake, but one VefTel was able to execute the Order. A Portion returned to the Weft Indies and the Rell to France. The City of Savannah had at this Time about four hundred and thirty Houfes, and it fufFered confiderably from the Siege. The Strength of the Englifh Garrifon was eftimated at fomewhat lefs than three thou- fand Men, and the Succefs with which they held the Place refled:ed great Credit upon their Valor and Spirit, while the Refult deprelTed the Spirits of the American Army in a correfponding Degree. The high Expectations of Vidiory which had brought the Militia into the Field, were fuddenly checked, and the Affairs of the Southern States wore a more gloomy Afpe6t than at any former Period.' Colonel Maitland whole opportune Ar- rival probably decided the Fate of Savannah upon this Occafion, fhared the Labors and 1 MarJhalPs Wnjhington, iv, 1 04. 24 IntroduEtion. Perils of the Siege, but foon after lickened and died of a Fever. The Englilh were not again difturbed in their Occupation of Savannah until they voluntarily v^ithdrew on the iith of July, 1782, leaving the Town in PofTeffion to the American Authorities, and the Colony to its future Deftiny as one of the States of the new Republic. JOURNAL SIEGE OF SAVANNAH [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 334, Dec. 11, 1779.] By the Brig Elphingfton, Capt. Kennedy, who arrived here this Day, in fourteen Days from Georgia, we have received the follow- ing Advices : Savannah, November i8. ^N Friday, the third of September laft, feveral large Ships were feen off our Bar, and a Boat being fent out by Captain Brown, of his Majefty's Ship Rofe,"^ with a Lieutenant on Board, they were plainly difcovered to be French. 1 This Veffel was funk in the Channel, September 20th, to obftrud the River againll the Approach of the French Fleet. 26 journal of the Monday Evening the 6th, a Sloop called the General Mathews, came up to Town. On the Thurfday before, fhe was taken to the northward of the Bar, by a French 74 Ship. They took all the People out of her, except one Man, and put five Frenchmen in their Room. In the Gale of Wind that Night, fhe parted from the Man-of-war, and on Saturday Morning, arriving off Ty- bee, the Englifhman told the Frenchmen that it was the Entrance to Charleftown, and by that Means foon brought the Sloop to Anchor in the Mouth of the River. After the Arrival of this Veffel, it was faid, that the Fleet confifted of the Magnijique, of 74, and SphinXy of 64 Guns, (Part of a Reinforcement of four Line-of-battle Ships lately fent from France to join Count d'- Eftaing in the Weft Indies), two Frigates, a Schooner, and a Cutter, all from Cape Fran9ois, bound to Bofton for Mafts and Spars. On Tuefday the 7th, a Number of Vef- fels appeared off Tybee Bar, but went off Siege of Savannah. 27 again, and next Day, about 51 were reck- oned off Waffaw, 25 of which were faid to be Ships of the Line. Thurfday Morning the 9th, they were all off Tybee again, and fome of them fired at Captain McDonough's Packetboat from St. Auguftine, attempting to get in, which fell into their Hands. That Evening, four Frigates got over the Bar, and came to an anchor at Tybee, and in the Night, or early next Morning, landed a Number of Men on the Ifland. His Majefty's Ship Savan- nah, Comet Galley and fome other Veffels, were ordered up the River to ftrengthen the Garrifon on the French Veffels getting over the Bar. The French who had landed reembarked on Friday the loth, and all the Fleet, except the Frigates at Anchor at Tybee, fteered for the Southward. Next Day they appeared again off the Bar. It feemed now evident, that they intend- ed a ferious Attack on this Place. We had 28 yournal of the for fome Time been repairing the four old Redoubts, and making fome additional Works, having been threatened with an Attack from the Rebels. But now the greateft and moft extraordinary Exertions were made by Captain Moncrief,' Chief Engineer, and which he continued during the whole Siege with unremitting Ardor. Betwixt two and three hundred Negroes were ordered in by the Governor^ and Council, immediately fet to Work, and thirteen good Redoubts were foon erefted round the Town, and 15 Gun Batteries containing about 76 Pieces of Cannon, 18, 9 and 6 Pounders, were raifed between the Redoubts. Thefe Batteries were manned by the Sailors of the Ships of War, Tranf- ports and Merchantmen, in the River, be- fides which, there were feveral Four-pound- ^ Capt. George MoncriefFc of the 8ift Regiment. His Rank dated December 23, 1777. 2 Sir James Wright, Baronet, was at this Time Governor of Georgia. Siege of Savannah. 29 ers, properly placed without the Batteries, and five Field Pieces. On Sunday Night the nth, the French began to land their Troops at Bewlie, about 14 Miles from Town. Thurfday the i6th, in the Forenoon, a Letter was fent into Camp by Count d'Ef- taing, the French General, DEMANDING A SURRENDER OF THE TOWN TO THE FRENCH KING.^ He was then within three Miles of this Place. He boaft- ed in his Letter, of his formidable Arma- ment by Sea and Land ; the great Feats he had performed with it in the Weft Indies, and mentioned how much Lord McCartney had fuffered by not capitulating at Grenada, and that it was in vain to think of refilling his Force, warned General Prevoft, againfl the Confequences attending the Place being taken by Storm, and hinted that he would be anfwerable for the Lives of the People that might be Loft, &c. The Anfwer re- 1 This Correfpondcnce is given on a fubfequent Page. E 30 Journal of the turned to this Letter by General Prevoft, was to the following Purport : That he hoped the Count had a better Opinion of him, and the Britifli Army he had the Honor to Command, than to exped; they would furrender the Town, &c. on a gene- ral Summons, without knowing on what fpecific Terms or Conditions : That if he had any Terms to offer, he delired they might be made known ; and mentioned his having communicated the Contents of his Letter to the civil Governor. To this the Count replied, that it was the Part of the Befieged, and not the Beliegers, to propofe Terms : Upon which it was lig- nified to him, that it was a Matter of great Confequence, and that there were many different Interefts to be adjufted and fettled, and therefore it was deiired, that twenty- four Hours might be allowed to confider it. The Count accordingly agreed to wait till the firing of the Evening Gun' on Friday ' An Hour before Sunfet. Siege of Savannah. 3 1 the 17th. In the Afternoon of the i6th, a Council of War was held in the General's Tent, confifting of Field Officers, (the Gov- ernor and Lieutenant Governor being pre- fent), to confider of a final Anfwer to be fent to the Count, when it was the unani- mous Opinion of the whole Members : — That the Town fhould be defended to the laft Extremity, and that this Refolution (hould be made known to the French General. This Day, to the inexpreffible Joy of the whole Army, the Honourable Colonel Mait- land, with Part of the Troops under his Command, arrived here from Beaufort, and on Friday the 17th, fome more of them came up to Town. The Artillerymen of the Heffian Corps, Heffian Convalefcents and about 170 of the 71ft Regiment, were left with the Vigilant, armed Ship, three Gal- lies, and three Tranfports, which were obliged to remain at Dafufkee, with all the Artillery, Stores, Baggage, &c., fome of the French Frigates having got a confiderable 3 2 Journal of the Way up the River. The whole of the Troops which arrived from Beaufort, amounted to about 800 Men. They were piloted up through the Marfhes, and through Dafufkee Cut-ofF, where they were often up to the Middle in Mud and Water, and were brought up the River in fmall Boats. On the Evening of Sunday the 19th, two French Frigates appeared in Sight of the Town below Salter's Ifland. Juft before Dark, two Rebel Gallies came farther up, and exchanged a good many Shot with the Savannah, Venus Tranfport, and the Comet and Thunderer Gallies. The French were bufily employed in bringing Cannon, &c., from Bewlie till the 23d, when in the Night they broke Ground. Next Morning about 90 of the Light Infantry under Major Graham, were fent out to endeavour to bring the French out of their Lines, thereby to form fome Judg- ment of their Numbers, and bring them Siege of Savannah. 33 open to the Fire of our Cannon. The Scheme fucceeded. Major Graham was followed by a heavy Column of the French, who were expofed to the Fire of the Can- non, which galled them feverely : Their Lofs by good Authority, 14 Officers, and 145 Privates killed and wounded: Our Lofs, I Subaltern and 3 Privates killed, and 15 wounded. In the Evening there was a good deal of Firing betwixt the Enemy's Gallies and ours. In the Morning of Saturday the 25th, there was a fmart Cannonade for a (hort Time from a French Battery of one 18 and one 6 Pounder ; a Heffian was killed in his Tent by an 18 lb. Shot. Several Balls went through Houfes in Town, but no Perfon was hurt. The Rebel Gallies in the Eve- ning began again to fire at ours, which was returned, and likewife a good many Shot were fired at them from the Battery at the Truftee's Gardens, where Capt. John Mills commanded. Betwixt eight and nine at Night, one of the Enemy's Gallies, which 34- Journal of the came up as far as the Rofe Man-of-war, (funk on the Garden Bank), was foon obliged by the Fire from this Battery to be towed off to her former Station below Flyming's Illand. From the 24th the French were extend- ing their Lines and Works, and bringing Cannon, Mortars, &c., from Bewlie, Thun- derbolt, and Caflon's Bluff. On Tuefday the 28th, a French armed Ship of 28 Guns, called the Treuite^ an- chored in the Back River, nearly oppolite the Town. Saturday Od:. 2d, about Noon, the above Ship, and the two Rebel Gallies began a heavy Fire upon the Town and Camp, which continued about an Hour, but did no Damage. During the Afternoon they fired a good deal more, as before. On Sunday the 3d, at twelve at Night, the French opened a Bomb Battery of nine Mortars, and threw Shells into the Town and Camp all Night, one of which killed Enfign Pollard of the fecond Battal- Siege of Savannah, 35 lion of Gen. De Lancey's Brigade, in a Houfe on the Bay. On the Morning of Monday the 4th, juft as our Morning Gun was fired, the Enemy opened two Batteries, on which they had mounted 37 Pieces of Cannon, 18, 12, and 6 Pounders, from which they began a moft furious Cannonade upon the Town, at the fame Time not relaxing in their Bombard- ment. A young Woman, Daughter of Mrs. Thompfon, on the Bay, was killed by one of the Shot, but no Perfon was hurt in Camp. During this Cannonade and Bom- bardment, the Ship in the Back River, and the Rebel Gallies alfo fired many Shot into the Town. The Fire from our Batteries was alfo very hot, and many Shells from feven fmall Cohorns were thrown into the French Works. This Day the Governor and Lieutenant Governor' moved to the Camp, having pitched a Tent next to Co- lonel Maitland's, on the right of the Line. 1 Governor Sir James Wright ; Lieutenant Governor John Graham. 36 Journal of the Tuefday, the 5th, at feven in the Morn- ing, there was again a Cannonade and Bombardment from the Enemy. A Mu- latto Man and three Negroes were killed in the Lieutenant Governor's Cellar. In the Evening the Houfe of the Late Mrs. Lloyd, near the Church, was burnt by a Shell, and feven Negroes loft their Lives in it. Whilft the Houfe was on Fire, one of the hotteft Cannonadings they had yet made was kept up to prevent People from extinguilliing the Flames. In the Night, another Shell fell through Mr. Laurie's Houfe in Broughton Street, which killed two Women and two Children who were under it. The Bombardment and Can- nonade continued all Night. Wednefday, the 6th, there was another Cannonade and Bombardment as before, which fhattered the Houfes in Town conliderably. The French opened another Battery of two fmall Guns near their Bomb Battery. Thurfday, the 7th, the fame as the pre- Siege of Savannah. 37 ceding Day ; feveral Carcafes were thrown during the Night, one of which burnt an old Houfe on Broughton Street. Capt. John Simpfon, of the Georgia Loyalifts, was killed on the Morning of Friday the 8th by a Grape-fhot from one of the French Batteries, whilft he was walking in Major Wright's Redoubt. Much Damage was done this Day to the Houfes by Cannon Shot. The Firing continued very hot all Night, and a great number of Shells were thrown, one of which fell into the Provoft, killed two Men on the Spot, and wounded nine others, fome of whom died fince. Another burft in the Cellar, under the Office of the Commiffioner of Claims, killed one Negro, and wounded another. On Saturday, the 9th, about daybreak, an Attack' was made by the French and • The Britifii had been notified of the Plan of this Attack by James Curry, a Clerk of Charlefton, who had been made Ser- geant-Major of the Volunteer Grenadiers of that City, and who deferted to the Enemy. They were therefore prepared to refill the real Attack, and on their Guard againft the feint Movements of the Allies, — Stevens's Hift. of Georgia, ii, 215. F 3 8 yournal of the Rebels upon the Redoubt to the Right of our Lines, on the Road leading to Eben- ezer/ the Battery near the Spring, and on the Redoubt by Colonel Maitland's Tent, into which the Colonel, Governor and Lieutenant Governor repaired. The Attack was made with great Spirit and Impetuolity by the French, fuppofed to be about 3,500, of the Flower of their Army; to which were joined about 2,500 Rebels, confifting of the Virginia and South Carolina Continentals, and South Carolina Militia. Count D'Eftaing aded as Firft, and General Lincoln as Second in Com- mand. The Morning being very Foggy, favored them in their Affault, which con- tinued about an hour, when they were beat back, and moft fhamefully retreated with great Precipitation. The Troops who alone defeated this formidable Force con- fifled of 1 A German Settlement, twenty-five Miles from Savannah. A Hofpital was eftablifhed there by the Britifh in the Revolu- tion. Siege of Savannah. 39 28 difmounted Dragoons, ^ I" the Redoubts on the Ebe- as Battalion Men of the 6oth Re-^ — ^^^J^' :^:^Z, giment, C and who fell in bravely 54 South Carolina Loyalifts, j defending it. 90 of Col. Hamilton's North Car-^ olina Loyalifts, f In the Redoubt in which Co- 75 Militia, under Capt's Wallace,^ lonei Maitiand was. Tallemach, and Polhill, ; 74 Grenadiers, of the 6oth Regi- ^ Who were ordered to fup- '^ \ port the Redoubt, and nisr^^ T bravely charged the Ene- 37 Marines, J my with their Bayonets. Befides the above, the Spring Battery of 6 Guns, manned by 31 Sailors, under the Command of Captains Manley and Stiel, did very great Execution, v^hich contri- buted much to the glorious Succefs of the Day. On the Left, the Rebels made tv^o Feints; one on Major Wright's Redoubt by General Williamfon,' with 500 Men, the other on Colonel Cruger's, by General Huger,^ with 1 General Andrew Williamfon, whofe fubfequent Defeftion gave him the Title of the " Southern Arnold." •^ General Ifaac Hugcr, of South Carolina. 4-0 yournal of the joo men ; but both Parties foon returned, having about 500 Men killed and wounded. After the Retreat of the Enemy from our Right, 270 Men, chiefly French, were found Dead; upwards of 80 of whom lay in the Ditch and on the Parapet of the Redoubt, firft attacked, and 93 were within our Abattis. Two Rebel Standards were once fixed on the Redoubt on the Ebenezer Road ; one of them was carried off again, and the other, which belonged to the Se- cond Carolina Regiment, was taken.' J Colonel Laurens, at the Head of the Light Infantry, the Second South Carolina Regiment, and the Firft Battalion of Charlefton Militia, alfo attacked the Redoubt; and the Colors of the Second South Carolina Regiment, which had been prefented to it by Mrs. Elliott, of Charlefton, were for a Moment planted on the Berm by Lieutenants Hume and Bufh, who being killed. Lieutenant Grey advanced to their Support; but he being mor- tally wounded. Sergeant Jafper ruflied forward, and, though mortally wounded, brought off" his Colors at the Expenfe of his Life. — Stevens's Hiji. of Georgia, ii, 217. The daring and fuc- cefshil Enterprifes of Sergeant William Jafper form fome of the moft ftriking Paflages in the Hiftory of the Southern Campaigns of the Revolution. — Bowen^s Lincoln, p. 315; Garden's Anec- dotes, i, 6, 77, &c. Jafper County in Georgia has fince been named in honor of this brave Sergeant. Siege of Savannah. 41 Since the Attack, we have learnt from French Officers, Deferters and other, that they loft in killed and wounded 700 Men, fome fay 1,000, and others 1,800, reck- oning 63 Officers, in the Lift of Slain. Amongft the Wounded were Count d'Ef- taing and the famous Polifh Count Pulafki. The former received a Mufket-fhot in his Arm, and another in his Thigh ; the latter, a Grape-fhot in his Groin, and is lince dead.^ 1 Count Pulafki, with his Cavalry, followed the attacking Col- umns with the View of charging in the Rear of the Redoubts at the firll vulnerable Point ; but, finding the Front of d'Eftaing's Troops thrown into Confufion by the deadly Fire of the Britifh, he left his Command to the Care of Colonel Horry, and with Captain Bentalou haflened on his black Charger to animate, by his Prefence, the wavering Spirits of the Soldiers, and carry out the Plans of d'Eftaing, now twice wounded, and borne from the Field. He dafhed on heedlefs of Danger, and anxious only to retrieve the Difcomfiture into which the head Columns had been thrown. He penetrated to the Spring Hill Redoubt — the Scene of the greateft Carnage, and, endeavoring to rally the difordered Troops, was ftruck by a Grape-fhot from the laft Gun of the Baftion. He reeled upon his Horfe which, unguided, plunged madly forward until his noble Rider fell into the Arms of his Comrades, and was borne by them back from the murderous Conflia. But nothing human could Hand before the terrible Cannonade ^2 Journal of the Our Lofs on this ever memorable Occa- fion was only Capt. Tawfe, and 1 5 Privates from the Enemy's Lines. Troops the braveft. Soldiers the moll: difciplined, Hearts the ftouteft, quailed before the Angel of Death, as he feemed to fpread out his Wings upon that Blood- covered Plain. When the fecond American Column, under Mclntofh, reached the Spring Hill Redoubt, the Scene of Confu- lion was dreadful. They marched up over Ground flrewn with the Dead and Dying; and feldom has the Sun of a warm Odlo- ber Morning looked down upon a Scene fo mournful and appaling. The Smoke of the Mufkets and Cannon hung broodingly over the Place, gathering denfenefs and darknefs from every Difcharge; and the Roar of Artillery, the Rattling of fmall Arms, the calling Bugle, the founded Retreat, the ftirring Drum, and the Cries of the Wounded blended ftardingly together. Colonel Huger, marching through the low Rice Grounds, reached his appointed Poll:, and was received with Mufic and a brilk Difcharge, which killed twcntv- eight of his Men, and compelled him to retreat. Only the Column of Mclntofh was now frefh and ready for Aftion. But the Fate of the Day was decided; the French and x'^mericans had been slain and wounded by hundreds, and their Bodies lined the Redoubts and Ditches. They had left their Camp in anticipation of decifive Viftory, Blood-bought and Toil-earned, indeed, but yet Vidlory; and expefted to Plant the Standards of the Army over the proftrate Enfigns of England; but the betrayal of their Plans of Attack, and the lofiing of their Way, with the confequent Detention till Daylight revealed their Pofition to the Enemy, changed the For- tunes of the Day, and, though bold, valiant, and perfevering, they were repulfed and flaughtered. For one Hour, they had ftood gallant and undaunted before the murderous Cannonade, Siege of Savannah. 43 killed, and 35 wounded; amongft them, Lieut. Smollett Campbell of the Light Dragoons, and Lieut. James Wallace of the firft Company of Militia./ Our whole Force — Regulars, Militia, Volunteers and Sailors — on Duty did not exceed 2,350 Men. A Flag was foon fent in by the Enemy, deliring a Truce for the Burial of their Dead, and receiving the Wounded, which was agreed to till three o'clock in the Afternoon, and then prolonged till dark. During the Night there was a flight Can- nonading on both Sides, and many Defert- ers came in. Sunday, loth, feveral Flags paiTed, and Truces were agreed to for the above Pur- pofes. Some Deferters came in during the Night. which ftruck down Rank after Rank, and fent Difmay, by its fweeping Fury, into every Column until, finding further Attempt but ufelefs Sacrifice of Life, a Retreat was ordered, and the Remains of that gallant Army were drawn off the Field. — Ste- vens^ s Hil. of Georgia, ii, 217. ' See ofiicial Report of Cafualties in the Appendix. 4-4 Journal of the Monday, i ith, Deferters continued com- ing in, who informed that the French were fending off their Sick and Wounded, and heavy Cannon, on board their Ships ; and that the Panic-ftruck Rebel MiHtia were running off in great numbers. On Tuefday, the 12th, at day-Hght the French fired only three Shot from fmall Pieces of Cannon. Wednefday, 13th, the Enemy, early in the Morning, fired one Shot from a Field- piece, in return for feveral from our Bat- teries. This Forenoon the Truite moved out of the Back River, and came to anchor at Five-Fathom-Hole, the Wind being un- favourable for her getting down the River. In the Night a few Shot from our Batteries produced fome from the French. On the Night of Thurfday, the 14th, our firing was anfwered by the Enemy. Deferters ftill came in. Two more Rebel Gallies joined the others at Five-Fathom- Hole. Friday, the 15th, we were informed that Siege of Savannah. ^5 all the Carolina Militia were gone off. This Day a Ship came up and joined the Enemy's Fleet. Deferters continued to come in. Much Firing from our Batteries in the Night, anfwered by three or four Guns from the French. Saturday, the i6th, in the Afternoon there was a great deal of Ikirmifhing on Mr. Gillivray's Plantation, betwixt fome Negroes and a Party of Rebels, and the latter were feveral Times driven from the Buildings on the Plantation into the Woods. Want of Ammunition, however, obliged the Blacks to retreat in the Evening, with the Lofs of one killed, and three or four wounded. The Enemy's Lofs is not known. There was very little firing this Night from the French, who had fent off all their Cannon except two. Sunday, the 17th, we were informed that the French Mulatto and Black Brigade had marched to Col. Mulryne's^ to embark. The Enemy fired a few Shot in the Night. I John Mullrync. G zj.6 Journal of the Monday, the i8th, our firing this Night was not anfwered by the Enemy. On Tuefday, the 19th, we received Ad- vice that the French had taken Poft two Miles from Town, at the Crofs-roads, lead - ing to Brewton's,^ with a Swamp on their Right and Left, and that the Rebels were croffing the River with all Expedition at the Two Sifters, and the Rev. Mr. Zubly's Ferry. ^ The French Batteries were this Day deflroyed by Parties fent out for that Purpofe. Wednefday, 20th, the Militia were dif- charged; the Light Dragoons fcoured the Country, and brought in fome Prifoners. All the French embarked at Cafton's Bluff in 100 Boats, in which they proceeded to Tybee, and went on board their Ships. From the 21ft to the 30th the Wind, 1 Brewton's Hill was a Bluff, thirty Feet high, diftant by Road three or four Miles from the Town. A narrow Caufeway, a third of a Mile long, occurred on this Road. '' Rev. John J. Zubly, D.D., was at an early Period enlifted in the Continental Caufe, and was a Delegate in Congrefs; but he fubfcquently gave his adherence to the Crown. Siege of Savannah. 4.7 hanging to the Eaftward, prevented the Enemy's Shipping that had come up the River from getting down. Cartels during the Time were coming up with Prifoners. The 3 1 ft the French and Rebel Veflels got down to Cockfpur.' And on Tuefday, the 2d of November, the whole of the Enemy's Shipping that were at Tybee failed over the Bar, and left our Port open/ 1 Fort Pulafki was fubfequently erefted by the United States Government on Cockfpur's Ifland, fourteen Miles below Savan- nah. It was begun in 1831. '^ Profeflbr Stevens, in reviewing the Events of this Siege, makes the following Remarks : " Looking back upon the Siege of Savannah, and taking in all its Operations at one Survey, we are aifoniflied at the Number of Errors which feemed to mark the Contell. The firft great Error was in the French Fleet pafling by Beaufort, without cap- turing Colonel Maitland and his eight Hundred Men. The overwhelming Force of the French could eafily have efFedfed this, but the Charleilon Pilots refufed to take the Ships over Port Royal Bar. Had this Regiment been captured, the Fate of the City would have been reverfed. The fecond Error was in the hafty Summons of the City to furrender to the Arms of the King of France betore d'Eftaing had been joined by Lincoln. The joint Summons of thefe Generals, backea by the Prefence of their joint Armies, would have produced a different Anfwer 4-8 yournal of the It is not known which way the Count d'Eftaing has fleered his Courfe. It was from the Englifli Commander. The third great Error — the fatal Error — was in the French General granting a Truce of twenty-four Hours. That Truce faved the City. It was highly impolitic, when a fudden Impreffion was defired; but it was almoft culpable, when the American General was not prefent, but was hourly expefted, to concede fuch a Priviledge without his approval. D'Eftaing was too much flufhcd with the Vifto- ries of Grenada and St. Vincents to be cautious. Lincoln had been too long fchooled in Difafters not to be wary and vigilant. " The Englifh Officers themfelves acknowledged that had the combined Armies marched to Savannah at their firft Junftion, they could eafily have taken it; fo poorly defenfible was it at the Beginning of the Siege. The Ignorance of their Guides, and the Betrayal of their Plan of Attack, completed the Series of Misfortunes which refulted in their Overthrow. "The Seafon of the Year, both for Land and Sea Operations, was the moft improper which could have been chofen. Who, that is at all acquainted with our Coaft, does not know its pecu- liar Expofure to the equinoctial Gales of September? x^nd who, that knows our Climate, is not aware of the almoft certain Sicknefs which, during our Fall Months, attacks the Stranger, particularly at that Period, when camping near Swamps and Ditches ? The confequence was, that the French Officers and Troops, both at Sea and on Land, were continually anxious, reftive, longing to depart; fearing the Miafma on Shore and the Hurricane on the Ocean. Both came to them too foon; but the Deftrudion of neither equalled the Carnage of the Battle. There was a vauntingnefs at times in the Language of d'Eftaing, Siege of Savannah. 4.9 faid 1 1 of his Line-of-battle Ships were to go with him to France, and the remainder to Chefapeak to refit and take in Provifions. Wherever they may have gone, it is to be hoped, when he is fent by the King, his Mafter, on another Expedition, fliould he have Occafion to fummon a Garrifon to furrender, and find it necelTary to vaunt of which rendered it too haughty to be brave. His Words at his Summons — ' I have not been able to refufe the Army of the United States uniting itfelf with the King,' is a ftrangc Piece of Diplomacy; for it implies that he had endeavored to prevent it, when his very Purpofe in coming to Georgia was to effeft it. The Condudl of the French Troops during the Siege was ex- emplary and praifeworthy. A generous Emulation, and nothing more, pervaded both Armies; and the Bravery of the Allies needs no greater Comment than the Number of Dead and Wounded they left upon the Field of Battle. Wafhington, writing to General Lincoln two Months after this Attack, con- cerning its Failure, thus alludes to the Army : * While I regret the Misfortune, I feel a very fenfible Pleafure in contemplating the gallant Behaviour of the Officers and Men of the French and American Army; and it adds not a little to my Confolation to learn that, inftead of mutual Reproaches, which too often follow the Failure of Enterprifes depending upon the Coopera- tion of Troops of different Nations, their Confidence in and Efleem for each other are increafed.' " — HiJIory of Georgia, ii, 223. 50 yournal of the the valorous Deeds he performed at Gre- nada, where, with an Army of 4,000 Men, he took a Fort by Storm, garrifoned with about 80 Regulars and fome Militia, he will keep in remembrance the Names of General Meadows, and Prevost. This will fufficiently ferve to humble his haughty Spirit, and convince him that he is not al- together invincible. It is imagined the French, in this late Bombardment, did not throw lefs than 1,000 Shells into the Town and Camp. The Carcafes thrown were in Number about twenty. Laft Sunday Morning, the Brig Three Friends failed for London, in which went PalTengers Capt. Shaw, of the 6oth Regi- ment, Aid-de-camp to his Excellency, Gen. Prevoft, and Capt. Chriftian, Commander of His Majefty's armed Ship Vigilant ; alfo failed for New York the Sloop Crawford^ in which Capt. Patrick Campbell, of the 71ft Regiment, went Palfenger. We are told that one of the French flat- Siege of Savannah. 5 1 bottomed Boats, full of Soldiers and Sailors, when they began to land their Troops off Offabaw, in a Swell of the Sea, filled with Water, by which means flie funk, and all on board perifhed.^ In confequence of a Proclamation, iffued by His Excellency the Governor, laft Fri- day^ was obferved here as a Day of public Thankfgiving to Almighty God, for his very fignal Mercies vouchfafed us during the Siege of this Town, by the united Forces of the French and Rebels. All the French and Rebel VelTels have left this River. November 25. A VelTel arrived at St. Auguftine from Antigua, brings an Ac- count of eleven ftore Ships, under Convoy of a 40 and a 32-Gun Ship from France, bound to Martinico, being taken by fome of our Fleet in the Weil: Indies. 1 Captain Henry, of the Ship Fowey, ftates, in a Letter pub- liflied in the x^ippendix, that the French loft one Hundred Men by this Accident. - Oftober 29, 1779. 5 2 yournal of the Tuefday laft, arrived here His Majefty's Ship Blonde, Andrew Barclay, Efqr., Commander, from New York, but laft from St. Auguftine, in which came Paf- fenger Major Gen. Leslie; Major Sheriff alfo came in the above VelTel from Eaft Florida. Additions to the yournal of the Proceedings of the ViBorious Army at Savannah in Georgia. On the 23d, fome Officers' Wives were fent on Shore ; they were taken on the Palfage from New York at the fame Time with the Experiment, Man-of-war. On the 24th, the Comte Noailles, Nephew to the laft Ambaftador from France to our Court, with the Commander of the Triiette Frigate, came to Savannah with the Seamen and Marines taken in the Experiment and Ariel ; Sir James Wallace,' and Capt. Mc- 1 The Journal of the Experiment, with an Account of her Capture, are given on a fubfequent Page of this Volume. Siege of Savannah. 53 Kinzie being faid already to have embarked for Old France, in order to their being exchanged — there not being Officers of equal Rank to them here. The Comte declared the Panic of the Troops laft em- barked was fuch, that they would have laid down their Arms had we detached 500 of our Troops to purfue them; that 63 of their Officers were killed, and 20 wounded, and 1,000 of the beft Soldiers of France, belides great Numbers by Sicknefs at their Landing ; that their EfFeftives conlifted of Number of EfFe6lives, - - - 3,000 Marines from their Ships, - - ijSOO Mulattoes, 500 5,000 The Rebels confifted of, - - - 2,500 7,500 On the Day of the Attack, that the Re- turns of the Lofs of Seamen and Marines in the Engagement with Admiral Byron, off Grenada, was upwards of 700 Men ; H 54- Journal of the that the Death of Comte Brown was greatly lamented. Noailles added, that he was one of the beft Officers the French King had in his Service ; that their whole Fleet (which, on their firft Arrival, con- lifted of 25 Ships of the Line, 13 Frigates, and 3 fmall-armed Veftels), are very thinly Manned, having loft many Seamen and Marines by Sicknefs lince the Battle with Admiral Byron ; and off" Georgia, owing to bad Provilions and bad Weather, that the Magfjijique, of 74 Guns, is fo very leaky, that they were forced to take out her Guns, and that ftie and the Valiant, of 64, have not more than 140 Hands on board. In ftiort, the Comte de Noailles fays, that if ten Ships of the Line were to engage them in their prefent Condition, they would be able to take their whole Fleet ; that in our Sortie on the 24th, the French had 17 Officers killed and wounded, and upwards of 150 Men ; that Mons. Bougainville, and all the French Land and Sea Officers greatly exclaimed againft Comte d'Eftaing, and alfo Siege of Savannah. 55 at the rafcally behaviour of the Rebels on the Day of Battle.' Great Honor is due to General Prevoft for his fteady, cool, and moderate Manner, in which he gave his Orders during the Siege, particularly on the Day of Attack. Our Chief Engineer, Capt. Moncrieffe, has immortalized himfelf by his indefatigua- ble Perfeverance in erecting and ftrength- ening the Batteries, Redoubts, &c. * '^^ * It is faid General Prevoft has made a Dif- pofition for the Recovery of the Poft at Beaufort, of which we doubt not the Hon- ourable General Leilie will foon take Pof- feffion. It is with much Regret we announce the Death of Captain Eneas Mclntofh,- Cap- 1 The extreme Improbability that an Officer in the French Service fhould have willingly made fuch Difclofures of Loffes to an Enemy, leads us to regard the Statements as altogether a Fiftion, and invented by the Englifli Writer of the above Ar- ticle. ~ Corrededin a fubfequent Paper to Angus Mclntofh. There was another Officer named Eneas Mclntolli ftill at Savannah. The Eftate of the Deceafed was fettled by Lachlan Mclntofh, Commiffitry, No. 1,078, Water Street, N. Y. ^6 yournal of the tain and Paymafter of the 71 ft Regiment in Georgia. The following is fuppofed, upon good Authority, to be the Difpofition of the Comte d'Eftaing's Fleet. Twelve departed for Europe ; five, under Mons. De GrafTe, for the Weft Indies. The Remainder, four of which have loft their Rudders, are lame Ducks, and fcattered in different Parts of the Continent. nmniini i mimi ANOTHER JOURNAL SIEGE OF SAVANNAH. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 335, Dec. 15, 1779.] SEPTEMBER 3, 1779. Saw from Ty- bee Light-houfe four large Ships in the Offing ; fent Lieut. Lock in the Pilot Boat to reconnoitre them. 4th. The Lieutenant returned, and re- ported the ftrange Ships in the Offing to be two French Ships of the Line, two Frigates and a Sloop. 5th. They flood off this Day and ap- peared again. 6th. Lieut. Whitworth was difpatched with Advice to New York of the Enemy being on the Coaft, but was chafed in by the French. 7th. Lieut. Whitworth failed again, and we hope efcaped the Enemy, employed in founding the North Channel, and bringing 58 Journal of the the Rofe, Keppel and Ger^nain Men-of-war into it, and mooring them. 8th. The Signal was made from the Light-houfe, of feeing 1 8 Sail ; at Sunfet counted 41 Sail, 32 of which appeared large Ships ; an Officer and Reinforcement came to Tybee Fort, which had only one 24-pounder, and one 8 2 -inch Howitzer. Came down from Cockfpur, and anchored in the North Channel. His Majefty's Ship Fowey, the Savannah armed Ship, Tranf- ports and Prifon Ships, ready to go up to Savannah River. Started all the Water except the Ground Tier. 9th. At Daylight, faw the French Fleet, fome of them in Chafe of a Schooner with Englifh Colours, which they took. loth. Four of the Enemy's Ships got under Way at high Water, and flood for Tybee ; the Fowey made the Signal to weigh ; weighed with the Fowey, Keppel and Comet Galley, and run up Savannah River as far as Long Beach. The Fowey got aground on White Vefter Bank. Or- Siege of Savannah. 59 dered the Keppel and Comet to her Affift- ance, with Boats, Anchors, &c. The Fort was abandoned and burnt. The French Ships anchored ofF Tybee. The Fowey got off at high Water.' 1 The following Orders were iffued September 9th : "The Regiment of WifTenbach to take their Ground of En- campment; likewife the 2d Battalion of General Delancey's. In Cafe of an Alarm, which will be known by the beating to Arms, both at the Barracks and main Guard, the Troops are to repair to their feveral Pofts without Confufion or Tumult. " Captain Stuart, of the Britifh Legion, will take Poll with his Men on the Right, near the River. "The Main Guard to be relieved by Convalefcents from the Heffians. " Major Wright's Corps to fend their Convalefcents in the old Fort. Twenty-four Men in the fmall Redoubt, and feventy Men in the Left Flank Redoubt, upon the Road to Tat- nall's. " The Militia to afTemble in Rear of the Barracks. " The Light Infantry, the Dragoons, and Carolina Light- horfe, as a Referve, two hundred Yards within the Barracks. " The King's Rangers, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Brown, in the fmall Redoubt on the Right, with fifty Men; the Remainder extending towards the larger Redoubt on the Right. " The Carolinians, divided equally in the two large Re- doubts. " The Battalion Men of the 60th Regiment in the right Re- doubt, the Grenadiers on the Left, extending along the Abatis 6o yournal of the I ith. Employed founding and laying off the Channel leading to Savannah. The Fowey J Keppely and Co?net Galley anchored there. 1 2th. At Sanfet a French Ship anchored off Tybee ; two more anchored in the South Channel, and one in the North. Perceived fhe was aground. 13th. At 2 p. M. a Sloop, the Crawford^ towards the Barracks; the Heflians on their Left, fo as to fill up the Space t-o the Barracks. " On the Left of the Barracks, the 3d Battalion of Skinner's, General Delancey's, and the New York Volunteers; and on their Left the 71ft Regiment, lining the Abatis to the left Flank Redoubt, on the Road to Tatnall's. "If all the Orders are filently and pundlually obeyed, the General makes no doubt that if the Enemy (hould attempt to make an Attack but that they will be repulfed, and the Troops main- tain their former well acquired Reputation. Nor will it be the firft Time that Britifh and Heffian Troops have beat a greater Superiority, both French and Americans, than it is probable they will have to encounter on this Occafion. The General repeats his firm Reliance on the Spirit and fteady Coolnefs of the Troops he has the Honour to Command." — SieveNs's HiJ}. of Georgia, ii, 203. The original Order Book of General Prevoft was in PofTeffion of J. K. TefFt, Efq., of Savannah, when quoted by Mr. Ste- vens. Siege of Savannah, 6i came along-fide. Sent eight 9-Pounders, 400 Shot, and eight Barrels of Powder, &c., to the Army. The Cotnet Galley moved to Cockfpur and exchanged fome Shot with the French Ships aground — the French Fleet at anchor without the Bar. At 7 A. M., weighed, as did the Fowey, Keppel, and Comet Galley. At half paft, the Ship took the Ground, but foon floated. An- chored with the fmall Bower. At 8 weighed, and came up the River. At 1 1 anchored at Five-Fathom-Hole. 14th. Sent Lieut. Lock 26 Seamen, Capt. Rankin, and all the Marines to reinforce the Army, per Order from Commodore Henry. 15th. At 2 the Keppel and Comet went down the Harbour to cover and proted: the Troops expedied from Beaufort. This Day I joined the Army with the remaining Part of the Officers and Ship's Company, leaving only enough to keep the Ship free. Pofted the Officers and Seamen to the different I 62 yournal of the Batteries in the Line. The General re- ceived a Summons from Count d'Eftaing' to furrender, &c., &c., to the Arms of the French King. A Council of War was 1 Charles Hef^or Comte d'Eftaing was born in Auvergne in 1729; began his military Career as a Colonel of Infantry, and foon after, being advanced to the Rank of Brigadier, was fent, under Count de Lally, to ferve in the Eaft: Indies. He was taken Prifoner at Madras in 1759, and paroled, but had the Indifcre- tion to violate his Pledge; and, upon again falling into the Hands of the Englifh, was treated with great Severity. He lay in clofe Confinement a long Time in the Hulks at Portfmouth, but was finally relcafed. At the Peace of i 763 he was made Lieutenant- General of the naval Forces; but his Appointment occafioned Jealoufies in the Navy which he never overcame. In 1778 he was fent as Vice-Admiral to America with twelve Ships; but adverfe Winds detained him till Lord Howe, with a much fmaller Squadron in the Delaware, had reembarked, and landed his Troops in New York. When before Rhode Ifland, and about to attack the Britifh, a Storm fcattered and difabled his Fleet. His fubfequent Succefs in ihe Weft Indies, and Fail- ure before Savannah are noticed in thefe Pages. After this Re- pulfe, he returned to France. In 1 783, he commanded a French and Spanifh Fleet at Cadiz, but the Peace put an End to this Expedition. Entering with Spirit into the French Revolution, he became, in 1789, Commandant of the National Guard at Verfailles; but his Career was not without grievous Stains upon his Name, and he perifhed under the Guillotine in April, 1794, under the Charge of being a counter Revolutionift. Siege of Savannah. 63 called on the Occafion, and an Anfwer was fent. A Trooper of Pulafki's was brought in this Morning. 1 6th. The Remainder of the Rofe and Fowefs Guns were landed. The Guns were immediately mounted on the different Bat- teries. Colonel Maitland, and the Troops from Beaufort arrived — 71ft and New York Volunteers ; brave Fellows. Savan- nah in the higheft Spirits.' 1 The Refult of the impending Attack was doubtlefs decided by this Arrival. " Every Avenue by which the Approach of Col. Maidand and his Highlanders could be looked for was clofed; yet by un- conquerable Induftry, he difcovered an obfcurc Creek, but little navigated; and, by dint of perfevering Exertion, dragging his Boats through it, reached the Garrifon before the Time allowed for Deliberation had expired. Entering the Council Chamber where Difcuffions were carrying on, he is faid to have approached with hurried Step the Table, and, ftriking the Hilt of his Clay- more againif it, to have exclaimed, ' the Man who utters a Sylla- ble recommending Surrender, makes me his decided Enemy; it is necefTary that either he or / fhould fall.' So refolute a Speech, at a Moment fo critical, produced the happieft EfFeft on the Minds of all. Hope and Courage regained their Influence in every Mind; each Individual repaired to his Poll with Alacrity and Confidence; the Terms offered by the Befiegers were rejeded. 64 Journal of the 17th. A Truce agreed on for 24 Hours, viz., till Gun-fire, p. m.^ 1 8th. Continued Truce. 19th. Hands fent down to bring the Ships up nearer the Town. All the Ships and the Town was faved." — Garden^ s Anecdotes of the Americtm Revolution, Brooklyn Ed. 1865, iii, 101. 1 Tlie following Orders of the Day, for the 17th of Septem- ber, indicate the Spirit with which the Englifh Commander en- gaged in the impending Contell : " General Orders. "Camp before Savannah, — 17th September, 1779. *' Parole — Maitland. Counterfign — St. George. "Field Officers for To-morrow — Lieutenant Colonel Cruger and Major Graham. " The Troops to be under Arms this Afternoon at four o'clock; as the Enemy is now very near, an Attack may be hourly expedled; the General therefore defires that the whole may be in inftant readinefs. By the known Steadinefs and Spirit of the Troops, he has the moil; unlimited Dependancc, doubting nothing of a glorious Vidory, fhould the Enemy try their Strength. What is it that may not, by the Blefling of God, be expefled from the united Efforts of Britifli Sailors and Soldiers, and valliant Heflians, againll an Enemy that they have often beat before? In Cafe of a Night Attack, the General earneftly requefts the utmoft Silence to be obferved, and Atten- tion to the Officers, who will be careful that the Men do not throw away their Fire at random, and warn them earneftly not to fire until ordered." — Stevens's Hift. of Georgia^ ii, 311. Siege of Savannah, 65 moved ; the Pickets firing mofl Part of the Night. 20th. New Works thrown up, the French Ship Rebel Galleys moving up the River. Orders from Capt. Henry to fcuttle and fink the Rofe Man-of-War in the Channel, which was immediately done, after getting out as many of her Stores, &c., as the Time would admit. The Savannah arm'd Ship, and Venus, Tranfport, were burnt, with their Guns and Provifions, Ammunition, &c. Two or three Tranfports funk at Five-Fathom-Hole, or thereabouts, with all their Sails burnt, &c., &c. 2 1 ft. Two Negros, deferted from the Enemy, report them Strong; Gen. Lin- coln with the Rebel Army having joined the French, and that they are preparing to attack; ftrengthening our Works; firing occafionally on the Enemy to difturb them. 22d. The Enemy flill opening Works to the Left ; fired on them occafionally from the Batteries. 23d. Strengthening the Works, and throw- 66 yournal of the ing up Intrenchments in Front of the dif- ferent Corps in that Line. 24th. At feven in the Morning, faw the Enemy very bufy intrenching themfelves to the Left of the Barracks. Three Com- panies of Light Infantry made a Sortie with great Spirit. The Enemy being too numerous, obliged them to retreat under the Fire of our Batteries, with the lofs of 21 killed and wounded. Lieut. McPherfon, of the 7 J ft, was killed. It is fuppofed the Enemy fuffered confiderably. The Enemy fired feveral Cannon in our Line from two i8-Pounders, and fome 4-Pounders. A Flag was fent to bury the Dead, on both Sides. In the Afternoon the Enemy's Gallies advanced near the Works. Our Gallies exchanged feveral Shots with them, and returned under the Sea Battery. The new Battery behind the Barracks finiflied this Day, mounted with two i8-Pounders, two 9-Pounders, and Field-Pieces. Throw- ing up Intrenchments in Front of the dif- ferent Corps in the French Lines, about Siege of Savannah. 67 half a Mufket Shot from our Abattis. The Pickets exchanged Shot the greater Part of the Night ; we throwing Shells into their Works, and firing on them from our Bat- teries every fifteen Minutes. 25th. The French throw up new Works on the Left of the Barracks, in which they mounted two i8-Pounders en barbette, but were driven from them by our Batteries. In the Evening the Rebel Gallies advanced up to the Rofe, but were obliged to retire, by the Fire of the Comet and Thunderer Gallies. Continued throwing Shells, and firing on their Works during the Night. 26th. At II, A. M., the Enemy's Gallies fired a few Shot at the Fort on the Left of the Encampment, without Effect. A French Frigate advanced to Five-Fathom- Hole. 27th. At 3, A. M., a fmall Fire of Muf- ketry from the Pickets. At 8, a. m., a Flag from the French, with private Letters from the Britifh Prifoners. Deftroyed the Bar- racks, and carried off the Wood, &c., leaving 68 Journal of the the lower Part as a Breaftwork, to prevent it being fired from the Enemy. Continued throwing Shells, and cannonading the Ene- my's Works during the Night. 28th. At I in the Morning a finall firing between the Picquets. A Rebel taken clofe to our Abattis. About 2, another firing from our Picquets. At 9, a. m., a French Frigate moved up the Back River, and moored her Stern and Head. Everything quiet this Day. The Enemy carrying on their Works. 8, p. m., the Thunderer Gal- ley moored near the French Frigate, and began to cannonade her. The Frigate did not return her Fire. 29th. At Daylight this Morning, faw a new Intrenchment on the Left, raifed during the Night by the Enemy, within half a Mufket Shot of our Lines. Em- ployed throwing up Breaftworks to the Right and Left of the Barracks. Fired on the Enemy's Works every fifteen Minutes from the Batteries and Howitzers during the Night. Siege of Savannah. 69 30th. At Daylight perceived the Enemy working and extending their Intrench- ments. At 7, a. m., the Thunderer Galley advanced towards the French Frigate on the Back River, and fired at her. She did not return a Shot. The Thunderer returned, having broke the Platform of her Gun. At 10, A. M., a Brig came up to Five- Fathom-Hole. The Rebel Gallies on their former Station, near the Works below. The Rofe, a Boat with a fmall Gun, fired at the Thunderer without efFed: ; a Launch and another Boat went up the Back River. A Man came in from the Enemy; gives no fatisfaftory Intelligence. Some firing from the Battery on the Right, and the armed VefiTels, on the Enemy at Yamacraw, as well as from the Batteries in the Front and the Left, on the French Intrenchments. This Night, an Officer of Pulaiki's was wounded and brought into the Lines by the Picquets. Oaober ift. At 7, a. m., the French Frigate in the Back River fired fome Shot K yo Journal of the towards the Town, and at the Negroes on Hutchinfon's Ifland. Perceived the En- emy in Front and on the Left, having in their Works Embrafures, &c. A Flag from us to the French, with Letters from the wounded Officer taken laft Night. Still employed in ftrengthening our Lines, par- ticularly in Front. Sent out of the Lines two Dragoons of Pulafki Legion by a Flag, who had been detained fome Time here, and received an Officer of the fame Legion with a Flag, Mons. Bentolofa, who came to fee the Officer that was wounded and brought in laft Night. Employed in ftrongly throwing up a new Battery on our Left, to be mounted with eight 9-Pounders, to aft on the Enemy's Batteries. In hourly expediation of the Attack. This Afternoon frelh Breezes from E.N.E. and Rain. Fired during the Night from the Batteries in Front, and threw fome Shells into the French Intrenchments. 2d. Rainy Weather ; WindE.N.E. ; the Enemy ftill working in their Intrench- Siege of Savannah. 7 1 ments, and preparing the Batteries. At Noon the Enemy's Gallies advanced near the Sea Battery, and began to cannonade, as did the Frigate in the Back River. Several of their Shot came into the Rear of the Camp, and without doing Execu- tion. The Thunderer returned a few Shot ; the Sea Battery did not. A Deferter from Pulafki's Legion reports the Enemy's Bat- teries to be near ready. A Deferter from the French Ukewife with the fame Ac- count. The Frigate in the Back River fired again in the Afternoon without effedt. Threw Shells, and fired from the Batteries into the French Intrenchments, to difturb them during the Night. 3d. Rainy Weather ; Wind E.N.E. ; the Enemy ftill working in the Intrench- ments, and compleating their Batteries; the French Frigate firing on the Rear of the Camp without effed:. At 12 o'clock this Night, the Enemy opened the Bomb Bat- teries, and fired warmly into the Town, but none into the Field. 7 2 yournal of the 4th. The Enemy ftill continue their Fire from the Bomb and other Batteries. It was returned by us. 5th. The Enemy ftill cannonading the Camp and Town. At Night a Houfe took fire, but it went out without communicating to any other Building. The Frigate and Gallies firing as ufiaal. Heard a cannonade at Sea. 6th. The Enemy ftill firing on the Works, Camp and Town. The Line turned out at Dawn, on an Alarm that the Enemy were approaching. The Cannonade and Bombardment continued all Night. 7th. Still continued Cannonading and throwing fhells on both Sides ; the Enemy throwing moft of their Fire towards the Town, which fuffers confiderably. A 9- Pounder in our Battery, to the Right of the Barracks, burft, and wounded a Seaman. Carpenter employed in repairing the Eben- ezer Battery, which had been broke by the Enemy's Shells. At 7 at Night the Enemy Siege of Savannah, 73 threw feveral Carcafes into the Town, and burnt one Houfe. 8th. The Enemy fired little this Morn- ing, but during the Night cannonaded and bombarded the Town furioully. 9th. At Drum-beating in the Morning, the French attacked us warmly on the Right, and endeavoured to ftorm the Re- doubt and Ebenezer Battery. The Grena- diers of the 60th Regiment advanced to fupport them, and, after an obftinate Re- fiftance by the French, they drove them back with great Slaughter. Their Lofs is reported to be 600 or 700 killed, wounded, and Prifoners ; our Lofs, Captain Tawes, of the Dragoons, who died nobly fighting on the Parapet of the Redoubt ; 7 of the 60th killed and wounded, and two Marines killed and four wounded. A Flag from the French, to bury their Dead, which was granted. At 8 at Night the French beat a Parley, but were refufed by us. They fired Cannon and Shells during the Night 74- yournal of the without any other Effed: than deftroying the Houfes. ID. This Morning fent a Flag to bury their Dead. The Rebels fent one for the fame Purpofe. The Truce lafted from ten till four, p. M. The French fired feveral Cannon when it expired. Between 8 and 9, p. M., our Picquets fired on the Right feveral Shot. The Lines lay on their Arms all Night, and the Seamen flood to their Cannon. No other firing from either Side during the Night. iith. This Morning very Foggy. No Alarm from the Enemy. Our Line very alert and in high Spirits. The French and Rebels fent in Flags of Truce the greateft Part of the Day ; the Enemy em- ployed burying their Dead, carrying off their Wounded, and fearching for their Mifling. The French take off all their Cannon and Mortars during the Night, leaving only fome fmall Field-pieces to amufe us. Our whole Lines in Spirits, ready for another Attack. Several Defert- Siege of Savannah. 75 ers, French and Rebels, came in, and all report that the Enemy are moving, and that their Lofs in the Attack is much more than we imagined. The Rebels mifs 1,300 ; the French Lofs uncertain, but greater than the Rebels, as they fought like Soldiers, and were killed and wounded ; but the Rebels' lofs is from Defertion immediately after the Defeat. 1 2th. The French amufed us with four Cannon Shot at Daybreak. More Deferters came in ; fay they are retreating. Count d'Eftaing was at the Attack, and was dan- geroufly wounded in two Places, and the Flower of the French Army killed or wounded; Count Pulafki mortally wounded. The Enemy very quiet all Night. Opened a new Battery on the Right, of three 4- Pounders. 1 3th. We fired a Gun at 2 in the Morn- ing. The French returned the Shot. The whole Line very alert and under Arms. A Flag out at nine, to return the wounded French Officers and Soldiers. The Frigate 76 Journal of the in the Back River moved down at high water. Heard feveral Guns from the Sea, which we fuppofe Signals. More Deferters come in, who reported the Enemy's Lofs to be great. The Rebel Militia are moftly gone off, and the Reft difpirited and ready to March to Charles Town. Our Batteries in Front fired on the Enemy's Works at In- tervals during the Night. The Enemy re- turned the Fire, which feemed to come from one Gun. Nothing more material during the Night. 14th. More Deferters from the French and Rebels, who make the fame Report as the Former. At nine this Morning a Flag out, to fettle an Exchange of Prifoners. Some Information gives us Reafon to exped: a vigorous Attack from the French as foon as they have got off their heavy Baggage, Cannon, Sick and Wounded. We fired at Times during the Night on the Enemy's Works. They returned two Shot only from two fmall Pieces, fuppofed to be 6- Pounders, Siege of Savannah. 77 The Enemy very quiet this Morning. We could not hear the Rebels' Revielle. The French beat Drums, but fired no Morning Gun. A Light-fhip come to Five -Fathom- Hole, fuppofe for Water. Two Gallies joined the two former ones. More Deferters come in, and report the Enemy to be on the Re- treat ; that their Lofs the Morning of the Engagement was very great, particularly in their beft Officers. They are very fickly, and difcontented with the Rebels. The Regiment Darmagnac are on their March to Bewlie, with Baggage, Sick and Wound- ed. The Night quiet ; firing occafionally from the Grand Battery on the Enemy's Intrenchments. They returned three or four Shot. 1 6th. The French beat the Revielle ; the Rebels did not. More Deferters from the French, confirming the former Reports of their great Lofs and Retreat. We are, however, on our Guard. The Frigates in the River loofe their Top-fails as we fup- pofe, to drop down and cover the Retreat L 7 8 ^Journal of the of the French. An Alarm at Sunfet that the Enemy are forming in our Front ; the Lines under Arms. The Rebels fet Fire to fome Houfes on our Right, as well as in our Front. Our armed Negroes fkirmifh- ing with the Rebels the whole Afternoon. We fired occafionally during the Night on the Enemy's Works and Camp. They re- turned two Shot. 17th. The French beat the Revielle ; the Rebels did not. Heard the Report of feve- ral Cannon. A Manager of Sir James Wright's, from Ogeeche, reports that the Enemy were preparing to retreat ; that they loft, the Day of the Attack, 1,500 Men killed and wounded, and the Defertion very great. Fire as ufual at the Enemy's Works. They returned three Shot. 1 8th. The French beat the Reveille ; the Rebels did not, but they were heard work- ing in the Woods. The armed Negroes brought in two Rebel Dragoons and eight Horfes, and killed two Rebels who were in a foraging Party. Only one Deferter Siege of Savannah. 79 this Day from the French, who gives the fame Account as the former ones. Many Boats obferved paffing from the Enemy's Veffels and their Army. Nothing material during the Night. We fired as ufual on their Works, and they returned three Shot from a 6-Pounder. Our Lines very alert, and generally on their Arms, ready to re- ceive the Enemy. 19th. The French beat the Revielle ; the Rebels not, but w^e heard cutting in the Woods. The Ship that came to Five- Fathom-Hole moved down the River, as we fuppofed, full of Water, and the French Baggage. 20th. The French beat the Revielle ; but did not fire the Morning Gun. Two De- ferters that came in this Day, fay the Rebels marched off Yefi:erday Evening, after having fired their Camp. The Frigate fell down lower, but the wind being againft her could not go further. 8o Journal of the ExtraB of a Letter from a Gentleman of the General Hofpital at Savannah, to his Friend in this City, dated November 24, 1779. ** T NEVER began, my dear Tom, to write ^ a Letter in better Humor. You have, no doubt, already heard of Count D'Eflaing having landed 4,397 Troops in this Pro- vince, and demanding a Surrender of this Town and Garrifon. Being denied, he befieged it by regular Approaches, with the cooperation of the Rebel Army, under Lincoln, amounting to 5,518 effecStive Men. On the Morning of the 4th of Od:ober, their Batteries were finifhed and opened with the Dawn. Their Cannon were well ferved, and kept a fevere and conftant fire till 1 1 o'clock, A. M. The Night preceding, they opened a Bomb Battery. I counted 187 Shells thrown into Town from it, with little EfFe6t. This Amufement we had till the GLORIOUS Morning of the 9th of Oc- tober. An Hour before Day the Attack began with a Feint on our Left, the main Siege of Savannah. 8 1 Body upon the Right. They ftormed twice, but were repulfed with great Lofs. Repulfed by whom ? By 349 South Caro- linians, and 24 difmounted Horfemen ! the whole under the Command of the immortal Capt. Tawes, to whofe facred Memory, while my Recolledlion of his unequalled Merit lives, I'll pay an anniverfary Tribute. The Peace of Heaven be with him. The French loft 67 Officers killed, and 594 Privates, killed and wounded. The Rebels loft 633. D'Eftaing is wounded in the Arm and Leg — not mortally. Pulafki is dead of his Wounds, and was thrown overboard on their Paflage to Charles Town. We were two Days employed in burying their Dead. The Morning of the Attack, I had Charge of a 9-Pounder with Capt. Brown,' of the Rofe, and believe me, Tom, I never was happier in my Life than upon this Occalion." I The Death of Capt. Brown is noticed in the Royal Gazette, December i8, 1779. 8 2 yournal of the Letter fro?n T. W. Moore^ upo?i the Siege of Savannah. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 339, Dec. 29, 1779.] Savannah, /\.th Nov., 1779. * * " ^OU will fee a full Account of -*- what has been doing here ; and as I know you wifh to hear how Matters went, I will give you a concife Account of the mofl material Circumftances. " Count d'Eftaing's Fleet appeared off the Bar the 4th of September, faid to be 46 in all — 25 of them Ships of the Line; and came to anchor the 9th, and foon be- gan to land their Men and Guns, and were bufy in bringing every Force againft us till the 1 6th, when they appeared within 300 Yards of our Lines — upwards of 4,000 French, and 3,000 Rebels. They fent in a Flag, and demanded the Town. General Prevofl defired twenty-four Hours to con- lider, in which Time we were reinforced 1 One of the Aids-de-Camp of Gen. Prevoft. The Letter was addreffed to his Wife. Siege of Savannah. 83 with 800 Men, under the Command of Colonel Maitland, from Carolina. This made us about 2,000 ftrong, and fo very faucy as to refufe to let Monjieur and 'Jona- than in. " The Enemy began to encamp on the 22d to break Ground within 200 Yards of our Centre, and we kept amufing them with our great Guns, fo that they could fcarce work in the Day Time. On the 24th, a Sortie of the Light Infantry, with 150 Men, was made on the French In- trenchments to make them fhew them- felves, which they did on our Lads firing in upon them, and retreating back full fpeed; and at that Inftant our Batteries kept a conftant Fire on the Enemy, and killed (from their own Account) upwards of 90 Men. We loft but one Officer and three Men. That fame Night, the French and Rebels got fighting with one another thro' Miftake, and 'tis faid upwards of 130 killed before they difcovered what they were about. From this Time to the 2d 84. Journal of the Day of October there was no firing from the Enemy, but we kept conftantly amufing them with Shot and Shell, by Day and Night, that did great Execution. " This Morning, the 2d of Od:ober, as we fired our Morning Gun, they opened one of the moft tremendous Firings I ever heard ; from 37 Pieces of Cannon — moftly i8-Pounders, and 9 Mortars, in Front, and fixteen Pieces of Cannon from the River, on our Left — moftly 24-Pounders. The Town was torn to Pieces, and nothing but Shrieks from Women and Children to be heard. Many poor Creatures were killed in trying to get in their Cellars, or hide themfelves under the Bluff of Savannah River. The Firing lafted for fome Hours, and a Flag was fent from us to Count d'Eftaing, to allow Time for the Women and Children to go to an Ifland out of Danger. 'Twas favagely refufed ; and that Night they began to fire again, and heave Carcafes and red Shot, which fet two Houfes on fire, and burnt them down ; but fome Siege of Savannah, 85 proper Perfons being appointed to extin- guifli the Bombs, did it very efFed:ually, and prevented any further Conflagration. From this Time till the 9th, we kept firing by w^ay of Amufement at each other ; but on that Morning, juft before Day, our Lines were attacked from Right to Left, and it was not many Minutes before we found the real Storm was to the Right, on a Redoubt called the Carolina Redoubt ; and as I had the Honour of being one of General Pre- voll's Aids-de-Camp during the Siege, I was ordered to hafte to a Redoubt manned by the Militia, to hearten them up. This was about 200 Yards from the Scene of Adiion. " I found thefe brave Tories full of Spirit, ready to pour upon the Enemy (who were firing on them at too great a Diftance to kill) in Cafe they came within their Shot. On being convinced the Attack was not a Feint, I puflied on and arrived juft as Vic- tory had declared in our Favor ; and fuch a Sight I never faw before. The Ditch M 86 yournal of the was filled with Dead, and in Front, for 50 Yards, the Field was covered with Slain. Many hung dead and wounded on the Abattis ; and for fome hundred Yards with- out the Lines, the Plain was ftrewed with mangled Bodies, killed by our Grape and Langridge.' " I pofted back to my General (who is as brave as Caefar), and gave him the pleafing Account. Soon after a Flag came from d'Eftaing for Liberty to bury their Dead, and requefted their Wounded. 'Twas granted. Another Flag came from General Lincoln, who commanded the Rebels, for the fame Purpofe, which was alfo granted ; and that whole Day was taken up in this Service. The Attack in earneji, or more properly fpeaking, the Storni^ was with 1,800 chofen Men, from every Regiment of French and Rebels, led by d'Eftaing, and many of the Nobility of France. Gen- eral Mclntofli- commanded the Rebel Col- ' Langrcl, a kind of Chain-fliot, formed of Bolts, Nails, and Pieces of Iron fallened together. - General Lachlan Mclntofli. Siege of Savannah. 87 umn ; but finding a very warm Reception, he prudently put to the Right-about, not without a great Lofs ; as, from the Account of Deferters, the Rebels loft over 500. The French honeftly own they have loft in killed 800, and many wounded. D'Eftaing is wounded in two Places very badly. Pu- lafki was thought dangeroufly fo, now dead. Many French Officers of diftindtion killed, as well as Rebels. I faw my old Friend, Charles Mott, a Major, among the Dead, but recollected no other quondam Acquaint- ance. "From this Time to the 20th October, we amufed each other with Shot and Shells; and on that Morning we found the Enemy had deferted their Lines and gone off. Much Credit is due to this little Army, and I hope they will have it. Poor Pollard, my Affiftant, was killed the 4th of Odober by an i8-Pounder, my fine valuable Negro Carpenter the 7th, and a beautiful Mare that coft me 20 Guineas ; my Store of Wine, all broke by Shot and Shells, and 8 8 Journal of the my Quarters torn to Pieces ; but this is Neighbor's Fate, and the whole Town is in the fame State. " Be it remembered that not more than 150 in the Redoubt, and 60 Grenadiers of the 60th, who had mounted the Walls, de- feated this combined Force of 1,800 chofen Men, who attacked the weakeft Part of our whole Lines ; indeed, two Batteries, manned by the gallant Tars of old Eng- land, kept a conftant Blaze to the Right and Left on the Enemy, and greatly con- tributed to the Honour of the Day — the glorious 9th of 0(5tober. " As this Account is not for the Prefs, I fhall fay nothing of Individuals, more than that everybody behaved well. "Killed and Wounded on our Side dur- ing the Siege, 163." T. W. Moore. Siege of Savannah. 89 Summons of Count D'EJiaing. BY AUTHORITY. THE Following is a faithful Tranflation of the Compte d'Eftaing's Summons, fent to Major General Prevoft, requiring a Surrender of the Town of Savannah to the King of France. " Count d'Eftaing fummons his Excel- lency General Prevoft, to furrender himfelf to the Arms of his Majefty the King of France : He admonifhes him, that he will be perfonally anfwerable, for every Event and Misfortune attending a Defence, demonftrated abfolutely impoffible and ufe- lefs, from the Superiority of the Force which attacks him by Land and by Sea. He alfo warns him, that he will be nomin- ally and perfonally anfwerable, hencefor- ward ; for the burning previous to, or at the Hour of the Attack, of any Ships or VelTels of War, or Merchant Ships in the Savannah River, as well as of Magazines in the Town. QO yournal of the "The Situation of the Morne de l'Hos- PITAL, in Grenada, the Strength of the three Redoubts, which defended it, the Difproportion betwixt the Number of the French Troops now before Savannah, and the inconfiderable Detachment which took Grenada by AfTault, fhould be a LelTon for the Future. Humanity requires that Count d'Eftaing fhould remind you of it. After this he can have no Reproach to make to himfelf. Lord McCartney had the good Fortune to efcape in Perfon, on the firft Onfet of Troops, forcing a Town Sword in Hand, but having (hut up his valuable Effedis in a Port deemed impregnable by all his Officers and Engineers, it was im- poffible for Count d'Eftaing to be happy enough to prevent the whole being pillaged. " Signed Estaing."' 1 I'he Continuation of this Correfpondence will be found in the Appendix. Siege of Savannah. 91 Correspondence between the British AND Allied Commanders, at Savan- nah. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 358, March 4, 1780.] Copy of a Letter from Major General Prevoft to Count d' Efiaing, fo772e Days previous to the Attack upon that Place, with his An- fwer thereto, and that of the Rebel General Lincoln. Camp Savannah, 6th OB., 1779. Sir, I AM perfuaded your Excellency will do me the Juftice to believe, that I con- ceive, in defending this Place, and the Army committed to my Charge, I fulfil what is due to Honor and Duty to my Prince. Sentiments of a different Kind, occafion the Liberty of now addreffmg myfelf to your Excellency; they are thofe of Hu- manity. The Houfes of Savannah are oc- cupied folely by Women and Children. Several of them have applied to me, that I might requeft the Favour you would allow 92 yournal of the them to embark on board a Ship or Ships, and go down the River under the Protec- tion of yours, until the Bufinefs is decided. If this Requifition you are fo good as to grant, my Wife and Children, with a few Servants, fhall be the Firfh to profit by the Indulgence. I have the Honour to be, with proper Refped:, Sir, Your Excellency's moft obedient and humble Servant. A. Prevost. His Excellency, Count d'Eftaing, &c., &c. Reply to the Foregoing Letter. Camp before Savannah, OB. 6, 1779. Sir, \^7E are perfuaded that your Excellency ^ * knows all that your Duty prefcribes ; perhaps your Zeal has already interfered with your Judgment. The Count d'Eftaing, in his own Name, notified to you, that you would be perfon- Siege of Savannah. 93 ally and alone refponiible for the Confe- quences of your Obllinacy. The Time which you informed him, in the Com- mencement of the Siege, would be ne- celfary for the Arrangement of Articles including different Orders of Men in your Town, had no other Objed: than that of receiving Succor. Such Condud:, Sir, is fufficient to forbid every Intercourfe be- tween us, which might occalion the leaft Lofs of Time ; belides, in the prefent Ap- plication, latent Reafons might again exift ; there are military ones, which in frequent Inftances have prevented the Indulgence you requeft. It is with Regret we yield to the Aufterity of our Fund:ions ; and we deplore the Fate of thofe Perfons who will be Vidtims of your Condud;, and the De- lufion which appears to prevail in your Mind.' 1 This Refufal was probably occafioned by the Faft, that General Prevoft had himfelf aftiially denied a fimilar Applica- tion, made by General Mclntofli, in behalf of his Wife and Family, and fuch other Females as might choofe to avail them- felves of his Courtefy.— Stevens's Hijl. Georgia, ii, 214. . N 94- Journal of the We are, with Refped:, Sir, Your Excel- lency's moft obedient Servants, B, Lincoln, D'ESTAING. His Excellency, Major General Prevoft. Liiji of French Forces at Savannah. ^"f^HE following is handed about as a Lift of the French Force employed againft this Province on their late Expedi- tion : Ships. Guns. Ships. Guns. Languedoc, - 90 Heaor, 74 Tonant, 80 Marfellois, - 74 Robufte, - 74 Vaillant, - 64 C as far, 74 Sphinx, - - 64 Annibal, - 74 Recole, - 64 Fendant, 74 Fantafque, - 64 Dauphin Royal, - 74 Reflechi, - - 64 Zele, - 74 Provence, - 64 Magniflque, - - 74 Artefien, - 64 Vengeur, 74 Sagitaire, - 50 Guerrier, - 74 Fier, - 50 Triumph, - 74 Fortune, - 36 Siege of Savannah. 95 Ships. Guns. Amazon, 39 Iphygenie, - 36 Blance, 32 Boudeufe, - 32 Chimere, - 26 Ellis, - - 26 Ships. Guns. Truite, - - 26 Lively, - - - 20 Ceres, - - 18 Fleur de la Mere, - 16 Alert, - - 12 Barrington, - - 8 With feveral unarmed Sloops and Schooners for debarking Troops. Land Forces. ^ 600 of the Regiment of Anhalt. 600 of the Regiment of Auxerrois. 500 of the Regiment of Dillon. 1,000 of the Regiment of the Cape. 700 Martinico Volunteers. 1,000 of the Cape Regiment of Color. 1,000 of the Corps of Marines. 400 Volunteers. Total, 5,800 Burlesque Letter, Attributed to a French Officer. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 343, Jan. 12, 1780.] THE following was Yefterday brought to Town by a Gentleman from Rhode Illand. The Original was found on board 96 Journal of the the Sloop from Georgia, which went into that Harbour after the Britifli had left it : EjXtraB of a Letter from a French Officer off Tybee I/land, to his Friend i?i Charles Town, dated OBober 21, 1779. *' The Count d'Eftaing is the Wonder of the Age. Casfar and Alexander were nothing to him. He's a brave Fellow, and fcorns to fteal a Vi6tory, or take an Advan- tage of the Superiority of Numbers. In Savannah, there was not enough of them to give us a Breakfaft. We might have ftarved them in their Works, had not the Magnanimity of the Count interpofed in their Favour ; and what I have often told you will now be confirmed without a Doubt, that the Englifli are a Parcel of rude, unpoliilied Savages. He, good Man, tho't it ungenerous, with an Army three Times their Number, to cut them to pieces, which he could ealily have done, and there- fore led on to the Attack only a fmall De- tachment of ours, with a Determination to Siege of Savannah. 97 make them Prifoners of War, (this in Confidence he communicated to Count Dillon and myfelf the Evening before), but the rudenefs of thofe Sea-monflers pre- vented his generous Intentions, having mif- took Pity for Cowardice, they had the Infolence to fire on the Grand Monarque s Troops before our Maneuvre could be exe- cuted. This of courfe was attended with fome Lofs, and as you will readily conceive, occafioned a little Confiijion, the Americans in their Flight, having [by Mijlake) fired on their great and good Allies. However as the Engli£h, by this imprudent Conduct, have forfeited all Title to Mercy, they mud expert to pay dearly for their Pre- fumption, whenever we do them the Honour of paying them another Vifit, which I hope will be before long, when I would advife them to make their Wills before they dare look us in the Face again, as the Count has fworn to facrifice their whole Army to the Honour and Glory of the French Arms. 9 8 yournal of the " We are on the Eve of failing again for the Weft Indies, where we fhall continue a few Months. The barren Sands of Georgia being beneath our Notice, having indeed found by Experience that they by no Means agree with our Conftitutions. *' The Harmony, my dear Sir, which fubfifted between the Noble Coufit and Gen- eral Lincoln, was aftonifliing ; and if you confider the Satisfaction exprelTed in the Condud: of their Officers, Valour of their Troops, and the Showers of Compliments rained down upon them for their In- trepidity, you cannot I am fure, doubt but that the Advantage was on our Side, notwithjlanding the Affair feeins to drag after it fonie Difagre cables. It is true we left fome of our Baggage behind, which was not worth bringing off, and which I make no Doubt, thefe poor half ftarved Devils, the Anglois Georgians, will be very glad to pick up, when they find we have left their Goaf clear.'' Siege of Savannah. 99 [From the New Jerfey Gazette, December 8, 1779.] Charlejiowriy OBober 20. " nr^HE following are fome of the Rea- -*- fons that have been affigned, why the AlTault on Savannah did not fucceed, viz : " I ft. The Enemy having a much more numerous Garrifon than had been repre- fented ; being faid to conlift of 1,700 ef- fediive Regulars, and a great Number of Sailors, Marines, Militia and armed Blacks. " 2d. Their having the Advantage of the Prefence, Skill, and Activity of fo able and indefatiguable an Officer as the Hon. Col. Maitland ; who, while our Army was obliged to wait for the bringing up proper Cannon and Mortars from the Fleet, (which took up many Days, and was attended with inconceivable Difficulties, on Account of the Diftance of the Shipping, and a Series of tempeftuous Weather,) was Night and Day incelTantly engaged in adding to the Strength and Number of the Works ; upon loo yournal of the which it is faid, he employed about 2,000 Negroes. " 3d. The Enemy having by fome Means or other, difcovered the Approach of our Columns a full Hour before it was poilible for them to reach their refpe6tive Stations ; by which they had an Opportunity of pour- ing upon their AlTailants fuch a heavy and incelTant Front, Flank, and CrolT-lire, as no Troops whatever could have fuftained, without being difordered, and occafioned the Order for difcontinuing the AlTault, even while the brave French Troops had gained one of the Enemy's Works, and ours, as brave Troops, another. " Several Frigates having been difpatched from the Count d'Eftaing's Fleet on differ- ent Routes, and feveral other very ftriking Circumftances have given Rife to a Con- jecture that a ftrong combined Squadron will foon appear in a Quarter where leaft expedied. One of the Frigates, it is faid, has been met fteering for Havanna, and another going into Chefapeak Bay." — Royal Gazette, Dec. 18. Siege of Savannah. lOI [From the New Jerfey Gazette, dated November 24, 1779.] ^'IVTOVEMBER 23. Several Ships of -L^ Force, belonging to Comte D'Ef- taing's Fleet, arrived in Chefapeak Bay for the Purpofe of landing a few fick and wounded Men, and taking Frovifions ; this being accompliflied, they are immediately to proceed for their Station in the Weft Indies." — Royal Gazette, Dec. 4. [From the Royal Gazette, December 18, 1779.] BY 'Accounts brought from Chefapeak, we are informed there are in that Bay one French Ship of War of 74, and one of 64 Guns. They had landed about fix hundred Sick, Wounded, and other truly miferable Objedis, rendered fuch by the direful Service before Savannah, — their Numbers of Seamen fo much reduced that they could not hand more than one Sail at a Time, and that they had loft feventy Anchors and Cables when oft" the Coaft of O I02 yournal of the Georgia ; that the Comte d'Eftaing was departed for Europe with ten Sail of the Line, feveral of which had loft their Rud- ders, and were otherwife much indifpofed. Several Sail of the Line had returned to the Weft Indies, unable to reach Chefa- peak — the Place appointed for Rendez- vous in Cafe of Separation ; and it was reported General Scot, one of the Virginian Commanders in the Rebel Service, was killed at the Siege of Savannah.' Journal of the Voyage of His Majeftfs Ship Experi?jte7ity Commafided by Sir James Wallace.'^ [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No, 370, April 15, 1780.] * * * "QEPTEMBER 24, 1779, fpoke ^ a Cartel from New Providence to Charleftown, with 65 Prifoners on board; Hilton Head, bearing W. N.W. The Car- 1 I'his proved to be an Error. 2 This Officer was the Son-in-law of Sir James Wright, the Britidi Governor of Georgia. Siege of Savannah. 103 tel informed us of having feen 20 Sail under Hilton Head, and feemingly large Ships, and flood to the fouthward; quarter paft four, the Wind N.W., law three large Ships in the S.W. Quarter; wore and made all the Sail we could from them, fleering N.E. At 5 found them in Chafe of us, and faw two Sail to the weflward bearing down upon us ; turned all Hands to Quarters. At eight, they hoifled French Colours; and the Sagitarius coming very clofe up with us, fhe brought to, and gave us two Broadfides. We then drew from her. But few of her Shot reached us. Got up a large fore Yard and Sail, and made all the Sail we could from them. The Sagi- tarius wore, and made Sail after us again. At half paft eight got within half Gun Shot. We hoifled our Colors, and came to Adiion with her, during which Time all the other Ships being within Gun Shot of us, we ftruck our Colours, having neither Mafls or Sails to command our Ship. The Ships coming up with us were two Seventy- I04 yournal of the fours^ two Frigates and the Sagitaire of ^^ Giins."^ [From the Pennfylvania Journal, dated March i, 1780.] Baltimore^ February 22. \ CORRESPONDENT who arrived in -^ ^ Town ]aft Night from Virginia, hath been fo obliging as to communicate the following Intelligence : " That an Exprefs from Charleftown (South Carolina), reached Peterlburgh^ the 13th inftant, with a Difpatch from Gen. Lincoln to Gen. Scott, advifing him THAT THE ENEMY HAD RECEIVED A STRONG REINFORCEMENT AT SA- VANNAH, fuppofed to be the Troops which left New York in December ^ laft, — That in Confequence, Orders were immedi- ately fent to Gen. Woodford, to haften the March of the Virginia Troops, the laft of 1 Sir James Wallace was fent to France for Exchange, there not being an Officer of equal Rank for Exchange in the Country. 2 On Appo?nattox River, Virginia. 3 The zdth of December. Siege of Savannah, 105 whom left Frederickfburgh' on Friday laft, That Gen. Hogan and his Brigade were met the 3d inft. ten Miles fouthward of Halifax, North Carolina, — That the Fe7i- dant,'' a French Man-of-War of the Line, left the Capes the 4th inftant." — Royal Ga- zette, March 8, 1780. Burlefqiie upon an Appeal by Congrefs to the People of the United States. [From Rivington's Royal C^^zette, No. 333, Dec. 8, J 779.] To THE Congress, High and Mighty Fate Fixers. IN your laft Addrefs to the good People of America, you roundly afferted, (ra- ther too precipitately I guefs,) " the Inde- pendence of America was fixed as Fate."^ The late Difafter in Georgia, and the Suc- 1 On Rappahanock River, Virginia. 2 0/74 Guns, Mons. Vaupieuil Commander. 3 The Spirit, but not the Language of this Sentiment is em- braced in the Addrefs of Congrefs to the People upon the Subjedl of the Finances and Public Debt, dated September 1 3, 1779. I o6 Journal of the cefs of the Britifh Admiral in the Weft Indies, make it necelTary again to addrefs the worthy Yeomen, leaft they lliould withhold the necelTary Supplies of Bread and Pork to your great and good Allies ; but, as I prefume, with d'Eftaing and Lin- coln, you are a little chagrined leaft the Opportunity fhould be loft ; I have ven- tured to indite the following, at the Service of your High MightinelTes, and am, till Fate brings on a Reftoration, Yours, Oliver. The Addrefs of the Congrefs of the Utiited States to the Good People, the Far??iers. Tyl THEN you conlider the Bondage you ^ ~ groaned under, when fubjed: to the Britifti Government ; we flatter ourfelves you will not be fo loft to your own Feelings, and the facred Liberty of your Country, as to withhold the necelTary Supplies for our great, good and gallant Allies ; who, " having fought and bled freely in your Country's Service," are now come amongft Siege of Savan?iah. 107 you to eat fparingly and leifurely, of your Bread and Pork. We afTured you in our former Addrefs, " Your Independence was fixt as Fate," becaufe founded on your Virtue, and love of your Country. You have now a glorious Opportunity of putting it to the Tryal, and by furnilhing our good Allies with Provilions, fhewing your difin- terejfted Patriotifm. And as a further En- couragement to the virtuous Yeomen of thefe States, We do Refohe, That the Farm- ers of thefe States Ihall, during the Space of fix Months, be exempt from all Taxes whatfoever, on the following Conditions : That they immediately deliver to Com- mittees appointed for that Purpofe, all their Wheat, Flour, Rye and Indian Corn, together with all the Beef and Pork, re- ferving for themfelves and Families, all the Bran, Hufks and Oats, together with the Offal of the faid Beef and Pork ; and in order to obviate all Objections to the above reafonable Requeft, We further ordain, that the faid Farmers deliver all their Horfes to io8 yournal of the the Quarter Mafter General, for the Benefit of the States, who will furnifli Oats from the Continental Store, and thereby leave a fufficient Supply of Oat-meal for the faid Farmers and their Families : It will be expelled, as the faid Farmers will then have little Ufe for their Hay and Straw, they will fend it to the Quarter Mafter General, with the faid Horfes, to be given gratis. And Whereas, it appears to us incon- fiftent, that any of our fellow Beings fliould remain in a State of Slavery, whilft we, for this three Years, laft paft, have enjoyed the great and glorious Privileges of Liberty; JVe do Refohe, That all Negroes in Slavery, fhall after the firft Day of January next, be free from their Mafters, and one half of them delivered over to his Moft Chriftian Majefty, the King of France's Ambalfador, to fatisfy fome urgent Claims, which we at this Time are not able to anfwer. The other half of the aforefaid Siege of Savanitah. 109 Negroes, to be hired out to fuch Mafters, as a Committee appointed for that Purpofe (liall approve. And Whereas, it appears to us, juft and necelTary that the faid Negroes^ for the great and valuable Bleffings of Freedom, fhould contribute to the public Expences of thefe States, we further ordain, that the whole of the faid Negroes' Wages be paid into the public Treafury. And to the GOOD PEOPLE of America in general we Declare : That immediately on the Arrival of Count d'Eftaing at Georgia, we did pro- claim a general Day of Thankfgiving, to be held in thefe States, on the ninth Day of December next, not doubting but a com- plete Victory over all the Britiih Forces in Georgia was " fixt as Fate ;" but it has pleafed the Lord, tor our fparing the Tories, the Amalekites, and taking only their Sheep and Oxen, their Negroes and Land, to fuffer us to be defeated, and his Moft P no yournal of the Chriftian Majefty's Exertions to refcue us from Slavery to prove abortive; We therefore declare it our Will and Pleafure, that the faid ninth Day of De- cember, be turned into a Day of Failing and Humiliation, by all thofe who think it moft proper at this Time. Neverthelefs, anxious not to deprefs the Spirits of the good People of thefe States, we further declare, that all thofe who chufe to make it a Day of Thankfgiving ; may with Propriety, thank God it is no worfe. Eulogy upon Colonel Maitland. [Lieutenant Colonel John Maitland, of the 71ft Regiment, after iTiaring the Labors of the Siege, fickened and died of a Fever on the 25th of Oftober, 1779, at Savannah, His Rank as Lieutenant Colonel dated from Odtober 14, 1778. A Let- ter, dated November 18, 1779, and publiflied in the Royal Gazette, December 15th, 1779, fays:] " ^ I ^HE late Colonel Maitland was one ^ of the moft active Officers at the Commencement, and during the Progrefs Siege of Savannah. Ill of the prefent War. His Zeal and Gal- lantry were fufficient Incitements to lead him where Danger dignified and rendered a Port honourable. Though he polTelTed an eafy Fortune, had a Seat in the Houfe of Commons, and was of an advanced Age, yet he never availed himfelf of fuch pow- erful Pretenfions, or exprelTed a Defire of retiring from the Field of Honour. Un- fhaken Loyalty, genuine Patriotifm, un- daunted Bravery, judicious Condud:, fteady Coolnefs, and unremitting Perfeverance, conftituted his Character as an Officer. His Benevolence was ever exerted when Indigence prefented; he not only relieved, but fympathized with the DiftreiTed. To inform him of any Perfon that required charitable Exertion was an ample Recom- mendation : His Difpofition was fo ex- tremely amiable, that to know him was to admire him. His Addrefs was eafy and engaging ; his Language ftrong, nervous and perfuafive. His Affability rendered him pleafmg to every Obferver. He was 112 yournal of the beloved by his Friends, refpe6ted by his Acquaintances, and revered by every Offi- cer and Soldier who had the Happinefs to be under his Command. His Country will feel the Lofs of fo accomplifhed a Chief; his Acquaintances long lament the Lofs of fo valuable a Friend ; the Indigent fearch in vain for another fo eminently Benevolent ; and the Soldiers, long accuf- tomed to his plealing Command, lament his Death, and revere his Memory." On the Death of Colonel Maitland. By Mrs. D[elance]y. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 373, April 26, 1780.] /^'ER Maitland's Corfe, as Vidory reclin'd, ^^ Relieving on the Fate of human Kind; Is this, (flie cried), the End of all thy Toils? What now await thy Laurels, or thy Spoils ? Worn with Fatigue, thou cam'll thy Friends to fave, Saw them reliev'd — then funk into the Grave. Now Grief and Joy together mix their Cries, Savannah's fav'd — yet gen'rous Maitland dies ! In vain around, thy conqu'ring Soldiers weep. Thy Eyes are clof'd in Death's eternal Sleep ; Yet while a grateful King and Country fighs. Siege of Savannah, 113 O'er the lov'd Adies, Marbles proud, {hall rife ) Nay, e'en the Foe, releaf'd awhile from Fear, Confefs thy Virtues and bellow a Tear ; Own, that as Valour ftrung thy nervous Arm, To gende Pity did thy Bofom warm — Oh! double Praife to make the Haughty bend, Yet make a vanquifli't Enemy a Friend ; Thus Maidand falls — but his undying Name Shall fhine for ever in the Rolls of Fame. The Spirit of Colonel Maitland to Mrs. D y, on the foregoing Lines. ElyJiaTi Fields. T?ROM thofe blell: Realms where Joys eternal reign, *- Accept my Thanks, D y, for thy Strain. Within a World, to Mahce ever prone, Where generous Candor is but feldom known, Where Cenfure's thoufand Tongues unceafmg wound. And private Virtue in the Foe is drown'd ; 'Twas kindly done a Soldier's Name to fave, ■ Nor let it perifli with him in the Grave. What, tho' my Country to her Warriors gone, Mav grateful raife a monumental Stone, A few fhort Years their Courfes fhall roll o'er. And the vain Strufture will exill no more; But far beyond whate'er a Nation pays. My Soul efteems the fair D y's Praife. Where's now the haughty Heav'n afpiring Tomb, Rear'd for her Ca;far, by afflidled Rome ? Fall'n beneath the ruthlefs Hand of Age ! Yet Csfar lives in Maro's facred Page ! 114- Journal of the So when in Ruin lies the laurel'd Bull, And Tombs and Statues moulder in the Dufl:, Thy Verfe, D y, fhall tranfmit to Fame Immortal as your own, your Maitland's Name. Epitaph on the Honourable Colonel Maitland. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 401, Aug. 2, 1780.J TXTHEN Gallic Perfidy and Rebel Pride, Prefumed the Britifh Lion to fubdue. With rapid Wing, but not before untried. From Beaufort's Banks the gallant Maitland flew. In Time to fave, he reached Savannah's Coaft, The Force of France, and perjured Foes defied; Repell'd, difperf'd the formidable Hoft, Preferv'd a Country, bleiT'd the Day, and died. Opening of 'Trade with Georgia. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 383, May 31, 1780.] Dublin^ March 1 4. THIS Day at Noon, the Lord Mayor received two Letters from the Com- miffioners of his Majefty's Revenue, of which the following are Copies : Siege of Savannah. 115 My Lord. I am commanded by the Commiffioners of his Majefty's Revenue to tranfmit to your Lordfliip, for the Information of the Merchants and Traders of this City, the inclofed Copy of a Letter which the Board have this Day received from John Robin- fon, Efqr., Secretary to the Right Honour- able the Lords Commiffioners of his Ma- jesty's Treafury, from which it appears, that the Province of Georgia is declared to be in the Peace of his Majefty. I have the Honour to be, my Lord, your Lordfliip's moft humble Servant, W. MOLESWORTH. Cujiom Houfe, Dublin, March 14, 1780. Rt. Hon. Lord Mayor. My Lords and Gentlemen. HAVING laid before the Lords Com- miffioners of his Majefty's Treafury a Letter from Lord George Germain, dated 1 1 6 yournal of the the iith of February laft, tranfmitting the Copy of a Proclamation which has been publillied in Georgia, declaring that Pro- vince in the Peace of his Majefty, and defiring my Lord will give the necelTary Directions to the Officers of the Revenue throughout his Majefty's Dominions, to permit the fame Trade and Intercourfe with Georgia as might lawfully be carried on before the Ad; of 15th of his prefent Majefty, unlefs where Alterations have been made by fubfequent ACls. I am com- manded by their Lordfliips to dired: you to give the necelfary Orders to your Offi- cers accordingly. I am, my Lords and Gentlemen, your moft humble Servant, John Robinson. Treafury Chambers, March 8, 1780. Com'rs Revenue, Ireland. Siege of Savannah. 1 1 7 Letter with Criticifms upon the Siege of Savannah. [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 428, Nov. 4, 1780.] To William Livingston, Efq/ Metiri fe quemque fuo Modulo ac Pede. venan ejt. Hor.2. T HAVE the Pleafure, which I wiih al- ^ ways to enjoy, of being a Stranger to your Perfon. But who is a Stranger to your Character ? And what Charad:er but yours could meanly fkulk under Security, to profane the moft honored Names — to exult on the Fate of a patriot Martyr,^ — and, and with malignant Breath, attempt to blaft thofe Laurels, which will bloom when Livingfton is plunged among his kindred Fiends ? Having had Patience enough to perufe an Addrefs in Loudon's New York Cajket,'' ' An ardent Patriot, and Governor of New Jerfey. -It is a Truth, that every one ought to meafure himfelf by his own proper Foot and Standard. — Smart's //ijr^f^, Epiftle vii. ■^ Major Andre. 4 Pubhnied at Fiflikill, N Y., at this Period. Q 1 1 8 yournal of the figned Z, and faid to come from you, I cannot refift the benevolent Impulfe, of warning thofe who may unwarily take the fame Rubbilh, of the burning Embers it conceals. In attacking you with your own Weapon, the Pen, I do not undertake to convince you ; whoever points out the right Road, fhews the Way your Nature will not permit you to purfue. Tho' the envenomed Shafts of Malice cannot pene- trate your Armor of confcious Vice, (hall Malice bend her bow with Impunity ? Forbid it Juftice ! Forbid it, ye generous Feelings of Humanity ! You meafure all great and good Adiions by the Standard of a perverfe Mind, and cannot look for their Source, but in a black and vifcious Heart, like Livingfton's. Ma- levolence ever cafts a difmal Shade over the fineft Pictures, In the Language of your poifonous Tongue, you will defcribe Brutus as a tnere AlTafm, — Caefar as going to the Senate on the Ides of March, with Siege of Savannah. 119 a torpid Mind^ — and Cato as dying with all his native Sullennefs. Callous to all the amiable Senfation which dignify human Nature, is it poffible for you to conceive why wife Men have deemed the greateft of all Victories to be, a Vid:ory over the Paffions ? When I re- fled: on a lignal Victory of this Kind, I feel myfelf compelled to turn from fo loathfome an Object as you are, and ex- claim with Shakefpeare's Prince, Thou haft been, As one, in fufFering all, haft fufFered nothing ; Give me the Man That is not Paflion's Slave, and I vi^ill wear him In my Heart's Core, ay, in my Heart of Hearts. » ' " Since my dear Soul was Miftrefs of her Choice, And could of Men diftinguifh, her eleftion Hath feal'd thee for herfelf : for thou haft been As one, in fufFering all, that fufFers nothing; A Man, that Fortune's buffets and rewards Haft ta'en with equal I'hanks : and blefT'd are thofe, Whofe Blood and Judgment are fo well co-mingled. That they are not a Pipe for Fortune's Finger To found what Stop fhe pleafe. Give me that Man That is not Paffion's Slave, and I will wear him In my Heart's Core, ay, in my Heart of Heart, As I do thee." — Hamlet, Adl iii. Scene ii. I20 Journal of the It is ftrange fo fhrewd a Politician as Mr. Livingfton thinks himfelf, fhould exceed the Limits of his Abilities, in difplaying his deep Difcoveries to the gaping Throng. As you have turn'd Soldier only, in your Clofet, 'twas fomewhat bold to decide fo peremptorily on Deeds of War. Accord- ingly, like an inexperienced General, you have expofed your weak Side to the Enemy, and rafhly attacked him where he is invul- nerable. Whether your Defcription of Charleftown^ is your own Offfpring, or the Tale of one of the trembling Garrifon, who view'd it thro' the falfe Medium of his Fears, it is equally immaterial ; its Falfehoodis notorious to Thoufands of brave Witnefles, and its improbability obvious to every military ProfelTor. When the invincible Troops of your great and good Ally, fupported by your renowned Continental Army appeared before Savannah, ' Alluding to the Capture of Charlcfton, which occurred May 12, 1780. Siege of Savannah. 121 it was judged imprudent to affault an almoft unfortified Port, thinly garrifoned, very moderately furniflied with Artillery, much extended, and deftitute of a fuperior naval Force. When a Body of Britifli Troops, not proportionally fuperior to the Numbers of the Garrifon, fliew themfelves before Charleftown, Mr. Livingfton, at his warn- ing Dejk, votes for the AJJault ; by which he, unawares, pays them the highefl: Com- pliment. The Place was provided with a Profulion of Artillery, and every kind of military Stores. No Place or Fortrefs can have greater natural Advantages than Charleftown. To- wards Afhley River, the only adjoining Water at firll: in the Power of the Allail- ants, there is one acceffible Landing. This the befieged had cautioully fortified in Front, and could have protected by a heavy interfedling Fire from various Batteries. On the Land Side, the Defences you ig- nominiouily term Intrenchments, would have been lefs formidable, had they been com- 12 2 yournal of the pofed of more permanent Materials. Count d'Eftaing tired himfelf in trying to battre en breche againfi: the Sand Banks of Savan- nah. From the Days of GoHah to thofe of Livingfton, there never were Troops who could not call a Halt at a wide Ditch nine Feet deep, two Rows of Pallifades in its Bottom, and flanked with Cannon. Thefe confumate Generals, the Count d'Eftaing and General Lincoln, after having long remained " before fuch a Place " as Savannah, " with open Trenches, and all the Apparel of a regular Siege," tried an AJfault. They attempted to carry by Storm a fquare Redoubt, confifting limply of a Ditch and Sand Parapet, without a Palli- fade or Fraife on it ! The vaunting Grena- diers de France Sabre a la Main, took French Leave by a precipitate Flight, leaving Heaps of their martial Comrades in the Ditch, and immortal Glory with the Garrison. General Lincoln's SanBum SanBoruniy the horn Work, clofed in the Gorge, and fur- nifhed with the heavieft Cannon, juftly Siege of Savannah. 123 claims the Title of a Fort. Beyond the intricate Line, no Obllruftion was omitted, and the fecond Ditch was enfiladed by the Cannon of the Outworks.^ -^ * * * The Efplanade extended near a Mile; in which Space not a Houfe, Tree or even Poft was left ftanding. The Flatnefs of the Ground made this Efplanade very advan- tageous to the Belieged ; while.the impaf- fable Marfhes from each River, forming a Kind of Ifthmus at every two hundred Yards, under the Line of five of their braveft Batteries, made it impoffible to ap- proach, otherwife than by the judicious Refource adopted. Whoever refledis on the aftonifhing Can- nonade maintained for io long a Time, by the Garrifon of Charlefton, and compares it with the Lofs of its Enemy, will bellow no great Share of Glory on the Former, for betraying Terror in a random and ill di- rected Fire ; furely no Soldier can withhold ' The Subjed here changes from Savannah to Charlefton. 124 yournal of the due Praife from the Latter, for having gained the glorious Prize at fo fmall an Expenfe. Little more Labour would have made a Variety of pradiicable Breaches in the Works, and Charleston would have felt the Fury of incenfed Brittons. The frightened Garrifon knew it, and obtained what they folicited — not Glory ^ but Mer- cy — a celeftial Virtue, and of courfe un- known to Livingston. A Soldier. Advertifement . [From Rivington's Royal Gazette, No. 333, Dec. 8, 1779-] THE gallant and intrepid Conduct of the brave GARRISON at SAVAN- NAH demanding the warmeft Acknow- ledgment from every loyal Breaft, it is propofed to raife a Fund for the Purpofe of relieving the Sick, Wounded, and Families of thofe who have fallen ; as well as to give fuch Affiftance to the Soldiers, as Circum- ftances will admit. A Subfcription for Siege of Savannah. 125 thefe Purpofes is now refpe6tfully offered ; the Money to be difpofed of agreeable to the Opinion of a general Meeting of the Subfcribers, with the Approbation of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief. In the Mean-time a Committee of fixteen is appointed to colled: Subfcriptions. N. B. Donations will be received by Mr. Rivington and Mr. Gaine. Charle/lowfi, S. Carolina, OBober 26. LAST Thurfday Evening, [Odober 21ft, 1779,] the Hon. Major General Lin- coln, commanding the Troops in the Southern Department, returned here from the fouthward. — Quoted in the Royal Gazette December 29, 1779. R APPENDIX. Correspondence between Count D'Es- TAING AND GeNERAL PrEVOST. Continued from Page 94. Reply of Major General Prevoft to the Sum- mons of Count UEjiaing. Savannah, September 16, 1779. Sir, I AM iuft now honored with your Excellency's Letter of this Date, containing a Summons for me to furrender this Town to the Arms of his Majefty the King of France; which I had juft delayed to anfwer till I had (hown it to the King's civil Governor. I hope your Excellency will have a better Opinion of me, and of BritiOi Troops, than to think either will furrender on general Summons, without any fpecific Terms. If you, Sir, have any to propofe, that may 128 Appendix. with honour be accepted of by me, you can mention them, both with regard to Civil and Military; and I will then give my Anfwer, In the mean Time I will promife, upon my Honour, that nothing with my Confent or Knowledge, fhall be deftroyed in either this Town or River. A. Prevost. His Excellency, Count D'Eftaing, Command- ing the French Forces, &c. &c. Letter from Count D'EJiatng to General Prevoji. Camp before Savannah, Sept. i6tb, IJJ^. Sir, IHAVE juft received your Excellency's An- fwer to the Letter I had the Honour of writing to you this Morning. You are fenfible that it is the Part of the Befieged to propofe fuch Terms as they may defire ; and you cannot doubt of the Satisfadion I fhall have in con- fenting to thofe which I can accept confiftently with my duty. I am informed that you continue intrenching yourfelf. It is a Matter of very little Impor- Appejtdix, 129 tance to me ; however for Form's fake, I muft defire that you will defift during our Confer- ences. The different Columns which I had ordered to ftop, will continue their March, but without approaching your Pofts, or reconnoitering your Situation. I have the Honour to be, with Refpeft, Sir, your Excellency's moft humble and moft obedient Servant, EsTAING. His Excellency, General Prevoft, Major Gene- ral in the Service of his Britannic Majefty, and Commander in Chief at Savannah, in Georgia. P. S. I appraife your Excellency that I have not been able to refufe the Army of the United States, uniting itfelf with that of the King. The Jundion will probably be effeded this Day. If I have not an Anfwer therefore im- mediately, you muft confer in future with Gene- ral Lincoln and me. 130 Appe?tdix. Reply of General Prevojl. Savannah, September 16, 1779. Sir, I AM honored with your Excellency's Letter in reply to mine of this Day. The Bufinefs we have had in Hand being of importance, there being various Interefts to difcufs, a juft Time is abfolutely neceffary to deliberate. I am therefore to propofe that a Ceflation of Hoftilities fhall take place for twenty-four Hours from this Date; and to requeft that your Excellency will order your Columns to fall back to a greater Diftance, and out of Sight of our Works, or I fhall think myfelf under the Neceffity to dired: their being fired upon. If they did not reconnoitre any Thing this Afternoon, they were fure within the Diftance. I have the Honour to be, &c., A. Prevost. His Excellency Count D'Eflaing, &c., &c. Appendix. 131 Letter fr 0771 Count UEJ}ai7tg to GeTieral Prevoji. Camp before Savannah, Sept. 16, 1779. Sir, I CONSENT to the Truce you afk. I (hall continue till the Signal for Retreat To- morrow Night, the 17th, which will ferve alfo to announce the Recommencement of Hoftili- ties. It is unnecefTary to obferve to your Ex- cellency, that this Sufpenfion of Arms is entirely in your Favour, fince I cannot be certain that you will not make ufe of it to fortify yourfelf, at the fame Time that the Proportions you fhall make may be inadmiffible. I muft obferve to you alfo, how important it is, that you fhould be fully aware of your own Situation as well as that of the Troops under your Command. Be afTured that I am tho- roughly acquainted with it. Your Knowledge in military Affairs will not fuffer you to be ignorant, that a due Examination of that Cir- cumftance always precedes the March of the Col- umns ; and that this Preliminary is not carried into Execution by the mere Show of Troops. I have ordered them to withdraw before Night comes on, to prevent any Caufe of Com- 132 Appendix, plaint on your Part. I underftand that my Civility in this Refpeft has been the Occaiion, that the Chevalier de Chambis, a Lieutenant in the Navy, has been made a Prifoner of War. I propofe fending out fome fmall advanced Pofts to-morrow Morning. They will place themfelves in fuch a Situation as to have in View the four Entrances into the Wood in order to prevent a fimilar Miftake in Future. I do not know whether two Columns, com- manded by the Vifcount de Noailles and the Count de Dillon,^ have fhown too much Ardour, 1 " Count Arthur Dillon was the Son of Heniy, the Eleventh Vilbount Dillon, in the Peerage of Ireland. His Father was a Colonel in the French Service. His Grandfather, Arthur, went into the Arniy of France, and commanded an Irifh Regiment after his Father. * * * The Grandfather of Count Dillon was, in 1705, made Marfhal of the Camp, and Governor of Toulon ; and fubfequently a Lieutenant-General of France. Dillon's Regiment was commanded, after the Death of Marflial Dillon, by his Son James, a Knight of Malta ; and when he fell at the Head of this Regiment at Fontenoy, his Brother Ed- ward fucceeded to his Command; and it was this Regiment which the young Count Arthur led into the Adtion at the Siege of Savannah. He was involved in the Troubles of the French Revolution, and fufFered under the Guillotine in 1794. His Daughter Fanny was married to Count Bertrandj and was dif- tinguifhed by her Fidelity to the Emperor, during his long Im- prifonment at St. Helena."— Stevens's HiJ}. of Georgia, ii, 226. Appendix. 133 or whether your Cannoniers have not paid a proper Refpedl to the Truce fubfifting between us; but this I know, that what has happened this Night is a Proof that Matters will foon come to a Decifion between us one Way or another. I have the Honour to be, &c., EsTAING. His Excellency, General Prevoft, Major Gene- ral in the Service of his Britannic Majefty, and Commander in Chief at Savannah, in Geors;ia. Reply to the foregoing Letter. Savannah^ September 17, 1779. Sir, IN Anfwer to the Letter of your Excellency, which I had the Honour to receive about twelve laft Night, I am to acquaint you, that having laid the whole Correfpondence before the King's civil Governor, and the military Of- ficers of Rank, affembled in Council of War, the unanimous Determination has been that though we cannot look upon our Poft as abfo- lutely impregnable, yet that it may and ought s 134 Appendix, to be defended ; therefore, the evening Gun to be fired this Evening at an Hour before Sun- down, fhall be the Signal for recommencing Hoftilities, agreeable to your Excellency's Pro- pofal. I have the Honour to be, &c., A. Prevost. [White's liift. Georgia, P. 349.] Englijh Account of the Capture of Savannah. [From the London Gazette, December 21, 1779.] Admiralty Office^ December 21. CAPTAIN Chriftian, of his Majefty's armed Ship, the Vigilant^ arrived here early this Morning, with a Letter from Captain Henry, ^ of his Majefty's Ship Fowey, to Mr, Stephens, of which the following is an Extrad; : Savannah River ^ Georgia, Nov. 8, 1779. I beg you will be pleafed to communicate to the Right Honourable my Lords CommifTion- ' Captain John Henry was born in Anglefea, Sept. 28, 1731, entered the Navy in 1744, was a Lieutenant in 1762, and be- came Poll Captain Nov. 22, 1777. He became Rear Admiral July 4, 1794, ^'^'<^s Admiral Feb. 14, 1799, and Admiral April 23, 1804. — Marfliall's Royal Naval Biography^ i, 64. Appendix. 135 ers of the Admiralty the following important Particulars : That the French Fleet, under the Count D'Eftaing, confifting of twenty Sail of the Line, two of fifty Guns, and eleven Frigates, arrived on this Coaft the ift of September paft, from Cape Fran9ois, having on board a large Body of Troops, purpofely for the Redudlion of this Province. They failed from the Cape on the 20th of Auguft, and came through the windward Paffage, when they difpatched two Ships of the Line and three Frigates to Charleftown, to an- nounce their coming, and prepare the rebel Force by Sea and Land to join the Count D'Eftaing. Thefe two Ships of the Line and Frigates, were feen from Tybee, the 3d of Sep- tember, when Lieutenant Lock, of the Roje^ was fent to reconnoitre them, and brought Word they were French. Lieutenant Whitworth, who commands the Kep-pel armed Brig, was ordered to get ready a faft failing Tender of his own, to proceed to New York with this Intelligence, and failed with his Difpatches on the 6th, but was chafed in again by feven Sail. On the 7th, at Night, he made another Attempt, wherein there is every Reafon to hope he was fuccefsful. 136 Appendix. On the 8th, forty-one Sail were difcovered to the Southward of Tybee, plying to the Wind- ward. The Wind being Northerly, as it had been for fome Days paft, drove them to the Southward of this Port. Major General Prevoft, at Savannah, was immediately acquainted with their Appearance, who went to work with every Exertion to increafe the Fortifications of the Town. Def- patches were fent to the Hon. Colonel Mait- land, who was pofted with Part of the Army on Port Royal Ifland, and to Captain Chriftian, of his Majefty's Ship Vigilant^ to repair to Sa- vannah as foon as poffible, with the Troops, Ships and Galleys there. The Fowey, Rofe, Keppel^ armed Brig, and Germain^ provincial armed Ship, were fo placed that if the French Ships came in fuperior, we might run up the River ; and the leading Marks for the Bar were cut down. On the 9th, the whole French Fleet anchored oflF the Bar, and next Day four Frigates weighed, and came to Tybee Anchorage. It was deter- mined on their Approach, to run up the River with the King's Ships, and join our Force with the General for the Defence of the Town. At this Time the French were fending Troops Appendix. 137 from their Ships, which were firft put into fmall Crafts from Charleftown, and run into Ofa- baw Inlet; from whence they were landed in Launches at Bowley, thirteen Miles from Sa- vannah, under Cover of four Galleys ; and their Frigates were preparing to advance up the River. From the loth to the 13th we were bufy fend- ing to Town, Part of the Fowey and Roje s Guns and Ammunition, in Veflels fent by the General for that Purpofe. On the 13th the Fowey and RoJe, being much lightened, failed over the Mud Flat to Five-Fathom-Hole, three Miles below the Town, from whence was fent up the Remainder of the Guns and Ammunition. The Comet Galley and Keppel armed Brig were direded to place themfelves below the Mud Flat, fo as to cover the PafTage of Colonel Maitland, with the King's Troops from Port Royal, through Wall's Cut, from whom we had not heard fince the Communication by Boats being cut off. The 14th and 15th the Seamen were employed in landing the Cannon and Ammunition of the Ships from the fmall Veffels ; and this having been done, the Seamen were appointed to the 138 Appendix. different Batteries, and the Marines incorporated with the Grenadiers of the 60th Regiment. On the 1 6th, the Count D'Eftaing fummoned the General to furrender the Town to the Arms of his moft Chriftian Majefty;^ at the fame Time faying, his Troops were the fame who fo recently ftormed and conquered the Grenadas ; that their Courage and prefent Ardour were fo great, that any Works we fhould raife, or any Oppofition we could make, would be of no Import. Not intimidated with this Language, the General called a Meeting of Field and Sea Officers, when it was refolved to take twenty- four Hours to confider. In that Time the Troops from Beaufort arrived in Boats from the Vigilant and Tranfports (in Callibogie Sound), through Wall's Cut, under the Di- rection of Lieutenant Goldenfborough of the Vigilant; and now the Count D'Eftaing had his final Anfwer, " that we were unanimoufly determined to defend the Town." ' This Summons, in the Name of D'Eftaing alone, for a Sur- render to the Arms of France, led Gen. Lincoln, upon his arrival, to remonilrate to the Count, as the Americans were afting in conjunction with him. The Matter was foon fettled, and it was agreed that all Negotiations fhould in Future be con- duced jointly with him. — Bowen's Lincoln, 302. Appendix. 139 The General, ever attentive to increafe the Defences of the Town, with Captain Moncrief, our principal Engineer, was now indefatigably. Night and Day, raifing new Works and Batte- ries, which aftonifhed our Enemies ; and every Officer, Soldier and Sailor worked with the utmoft Cheerfulnefs ; and I have the Pleafure to inform their Lordfhips, the General has been pleafed to exprefs his particular Satisfaction with the Services of the Officers of the King's Ships and Tranfports during the whole Siege. It being apprehended that the Enemy's Ships might come too near the Town, and annoy the Rear of our Lines, it was judged expedient to fink a Number of Veflels to ftop the Pafiage. His Majefty's Ship Roje^ making at this Time feventeen Inches of Water an Hour, after fheathing her as low as we could at Cockfpur, her Bottom Worm-eaten quite through, and her Stern rotten, as appears by a Survey of Shipwrights held on her a fhort Time before, wherein it was declared fhe could not fwim over two Months, her Guns, Men, and Ammunition being on Shore, I thought her the moft eligible to Sink, as her Weight would keep her acrofs the Channel, when lighter VefTels could not. i^o Appe7idix. owing to the Rapidity of the Current, and hard fandy Bottom, which prevented them from {licking faft when they were funk. The Savan- nah armed Ship, purchafed into the King's Service fome Time before by Commodore Sir James Wallace, was fcuttled and funk alfo ; four Tranfports were funk befides, which blocked up the Channel ; feveral fmaller VefTels were funk above the Town, and a Boom laid acrofs the River, to prevent the Enemy fending down fire Rafts among our Shipping, or landing Troops in our Rear. The Fowey, Keppel Brig, Comet Galley, and Germain provincial armed Ship, were got to Town previous to finking the Veffels ; the Germain having her Guns in, v>^as placed off Yamacraw to flank our Lines.' Three French Frigates were now advanced up the River to the Mud Flat; one of them having 12-Pounders, with two Rebel Galleys, carrying two i8-Pounders in their Prows, an- chored in Five-Fathom-Hole ; from whence 1 The Germain, the only Veffel that was not difmantled, was anchored above the Town, and commanded every Approach through the low Grounds bordering the Mufgrove Creek. — Ste- vens's Hijl. Georgia, ii, 215. Appendix, 141 the Frigate failed into the Back River, with the intent to cannonade the Rear of our Lines. They threw a great Number of Shot, which, being at their utmoft Range, did no Execution. The Galleys, advancing nearer, did fome Damage to the Houfes. A few Shot now and then from the River Battery made them keep a refpedable Diftance. The French having now made regular Ap- proaches, and fini(hed their Batteries of Mor- tars and Cannon, near enough to our Works, on the 3d of Odober, at Midnight, opened their Bomb Battery of nine large Mortars. At Daybreak they alfo opened with thirty-feven Pieces of heavy Cannon, landed from their Fleet, and fired on our Lines and Batteries with great Fury. This lafted Day and Night till the Morning of the 9th, when finding little Notice taken of their Shot and Shells, at Daybreak ftormed with their whole Force, the Count D'Eftaing at their Head. This Attempt proved moft fatal to them, for they met with fo very fevere a Repulfe from only three hundred Men, affifted by the Grape- fhot from the Batteries, that from this Day T 142 Appendix, they worked with indefatiguable Labour to carry off their Cannon and Mortars, and de- fcended to a Degree of Civility we had hitherto been Strangers to. Their Lofs was very great ; moft of their beft Officers and Soldiers being killed or wounded, the Count D'Eftaing among the Latter. On the Night of the 17th, the French en- tirely quitted their Works, retreated to their Boats, and embarked under Cover of their Galleys. General Lincoln, with the Rebel Army, retreated up the Country with the greateft Precipitation, burning every Bridge be- hind them ; and we are told their Army is totally difperfed. The French have been favoured by the Wea- ther to their utmoft Wifhes the whole Time of their being on this Coait ; their great Ships lying conftantly at Anchor in fourteen Fathoms, and the fmall Craft from Charleftown employed watering them from this River. The only Ac- cident we know they met with, was loling one Boat with one hundred Men. When the French Troops were all embarked, an Officer was fent on Shore to exchange Prifoners. This being finifhed, they loft no Appendix. 143 Time in venturing down the River witli their Frigates and Galleys to Tybee. The Vigilant^ with the Scourge and Vindictive Galleys, the Snake^ half Galley, and three Tranf- ports, were obliged to remain at Callibogie the whole Siege, where Captain Chriftian, of the Vigilant^ fecured them in fo ftrong a Pofition, and ereded a Battery on Shore to proted them, that the French and Rebels thought it moft prudent to let them alone. They are now all at Tybee, the French Fleet having left this Coaft the 26th of Oftober ; and their Frigates left this River the 2d of November. On the 4th of November the Myrtle, Navy Viftualler, who was taken by the French, and turned into a watering Veffel, being blown out of this River a few Days before they left it, returned to Tybee with a Rebel Galley, expect- ing to find their Friends. They both fell into our Hands. The Galley is called tht Ruttedge, carries two i8-Pounders in her Prow, and four Sixes in her Waift. I have named her the Viper, and appointed Mr. John Steel, Mafter's Mate of the Rqfe, to command her, with an Eftablifh- ment fimilar to other Galleys, until the Admi- ral's Pleafure is known. Mr. Steel's Behaviour 14.4. Appendix. at the Battery, on the Spot where the French and Rebels ftormed our Line, deferves particular Notice. His Majefty's Ship yfnV/ of twenty-four Guns, on a Cruife from Charleftown (when the French came on this Coaft), was taken on the nth of September, after a gallant Refiftance, by the French Frigate Amazon, of thirty-fix Guns. Kis Majefty's Ship Experiment having loft all her Mafts and Bowfprit in a Gale of Wind on her Paflage from New York to Savannah, fell into the Middle of the French Fleet off this Bar, and was taken on the 24th of September, together with the Myrtle, Navy Vidlualler, and Champion, Store Ship. List of the French Fleet on this Coast under Count D'Estaing. Firji D'lvifton — Mr. Bougainville. Le Guerriere, - - 74 Le Province, - - 64 - 64 - 64 Second Divifion — Comte D'Eftaing. Le Languedoc, - 74 Le Vaillant, - - 74 Le Robufte, - 74 Le Artizien, - 64 Le Zele, - - 74 Le Sagitaire, - - 54 Le Annibal, - 74 Le Magnifique, - 74 Le Marfeilles, Le Caefar, - 74 Le Fantafque, Le Vengeur, 74 Appendix » ^\'> Le Tonant, - Le Diademe, Le He£tor, - Le Dauphine Royal, Le Royal, Le Fortune, - L'Amazon, L'Iphigene, - La Blanche, Third Divifion. 80 Le Pendant, - Le Refleche, Le Sphynx, - Le Roderique, Store- fliip. 74 74 70 70 Frigates. 38 36 36 La Chimere, - La Bordeaux, La Bricoli, La Lys, 74 64 64 00 36 36 36 Englijh Ships Taken. Experiment, - - 5° Lively,- - - 20 Qgj-es - - 18 Alert Cutter, - 14 The Land Forces on board this Fleet were the Irifh Brigade (Dillon), the Regiment of Foix, the Grenadiers, Light Infantry, and a Picquet of the Regiments of Armagnac, Age- nois, Bram, and Royal RoufiUon, and of the Colony Troops of Guadaloupe, Martinique, Cape 'Fran9ois, and Port au Prince, with Ma- rines of the Ships, amounted to about five Thoufand five Hundred Men. They landed at firft four Thoufand, and at different Land- ings about three Hundred more (the Rebels had three Thoufand), befides fome Hundreds 146 Appe?idix. of free Blacks and Mulattoes, taken on board in the Weft Indies. This Fleet is very badly manned, very (ickly, and the Ships in very bad Condition, — fhort of Anchors and Cables, having no running Rig- ging to reel but what came out of the Champion Store Ship, from New York, and intended for this Port. We have every Reafon to believe this Expedition coft them two Thoufand Men. Return of Seamen and Marines killed and WOUNDED during THE SlEGE. Fowey — One Marine killed, one wounded. Return of the Officers of the American Forces WHO WERE killed AND WOUNDED IN THE ACTION AT Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779. Killed. Second Regiment — Major Wife, Lieutenant Bailey. General Williamfon's Brigade — Captain Be- raud. Charleflown Regiment — Captain Shepherd. South Carolina Artillery — Captain Lieuten- ant Donnom. Major Jones, Aid to General Mclntofh. Appendix. 147 Wounded. Cavalry — Brigadier-General Count Pulafki, Captain Bendelo, Captain Giles. Second Regiment — Captain Roux, Lieuten- ants Gray and Petre. Third Regiment — Captain Tanar, Lieuten- ants Gafton and DefTaufure. Sixth Regiment — Captain Bowie. Virginia Levies — Lieutenants Parker and Walker. Light Infantry — Capt. Smith, of the Third; Captains Warren and Hogin, of the Fifth; Lieutenant Vleland, of the Second ; Lieuten- ant Parfons of the Fifth. South Carolina Militia — Capt. Davis, Lieu- tenants Bruneau, Wilkie and Wardel. Englip Retur?i of Cafiialties in the different Corps during the Siege. [From White's Hiltory of Georgia, P. 352.] ONE Captain, 1 Lieutenants, i Enfign, 4 Sergeants, 32 Rank and File, killed; 2 Captains, 2 Lieutenants, 2 Sergants, i Drum- mer, 56 Rank and File, wounded ; 2 Drummers, 2 Rank and File, miffing ; 5 Sergeants, 2 Drummers, 41 Rank and File Deferted. 148 Appendix, Names of Officers Killed. Lieutenant Henry McPherfon, ift Battalion 71ft, 24th September. Lieutenant Tawfe,' of ditto, and Captain- Lieutenant of Dragoons, 9ch of Odober. Captain Simpfon, Georgia Loyalift, 8th of Oftober. Enfign Pollard, 2d Battalion, De Lancey's, 4th of ditto. Names of Officers Killed. Captain Cozens, 3d Battalion New Jerfey Volunteers, 24th of September. Lieutenant Smollet Campbell, 2d Battalion 71ft, and Lieutenant of Dragoons, 9th of Oc- tober. Captain Henry, of the South Carolina Roy- alifts, 9th of 06lober. A. Prevost, M. G. Camp Savannah^ 0^. 18, 1779. 1 Thomas Tawfe; Date of Rank as Lieutenant, December 6, 1775- Appendix. 14.9 Letter from General Lincoln to Congrefs. ^^ Charlejlon, October 22, 1779. Sir, IN my Laft, of the 5th ult., I had the Honor of informing Congrefs that Count d'Eftaing was arrived off Savannah.' 1 Secret Proceedings in Congress. September 26, 1779. — " The Prefident laid before Congrefs two Letters which he had received from Mr. Gerard, written to him by J. Plombard, and dated Charlefton, South Carolina, one the 5th and the other the 8th September inftant, which were read, giving Information of the Arrival of Count d'Eftaing at Georgia : Whereupon, " Txejohed, That Copies of the Letters from Mr. Plombard to Mr. Gerard, of the 5th and 8th of September, inftant, com- municated by Mr. Gerard to the Prefident, be fent to General Wafhington. That the General be alfo informed of the Inten- tion of our Ally, that the Armament under Count d'Eftaing fhall operate againft the Enemy in thefe United States; and that General Wafhington be authorized and direfled to concert and execute fuch Plans of Cooperation with the Minifter of France, or the Count, as he may think Proper. " Whereas, Congrefs have received authentick Information of the Arrival of Count d'Eftaing. with a powerful Fleet to coope- rate with thefe United States ; and whereas, by the vigorous Exertions of the faid States, the allied Forces may be enabled to ftrike an important Blow againft the Enemy, " Kejhlved, That it be moft earneftly recommended to the feveral States to furnilh General Wafhington with fuch Aid as he V 150 Appendix, Orders were immediately given for aflembling the Troops. They reached Zubly's Ferry and its Vicinity on the nth, and fome were thrown over. The 12th and 13th were fpent in croffing the Troops and Baggage, which was effected, though not without great Fatigue, from the Want of Boats,' and badnefs of the Roads through a deep Swamp of near three Miles, in which are many large Creeks. 1 he Bridges over them the Enemy had broken down. We encamped upon the Heights of Ebenezer, twenty-three Miles from Savannah, and were joined by Troops from Augufta under General may require of them refpeftively, as well by Detachments from their Militia as by providing that the allied Armaments in the United States be fpeedily and effedually furniflied with ample Supplies of Bread and other Provifions; and that the nioft vigorous Exertions be made for that Purpofe." — Secret Journals of Congrejs, \, 127. ' The only Conveniences for croffing were two Canoes, one of which would hold three, and the other fifteen Men, and an |Unfiniflied Flat. Lincoln ordered this to be completed, and a Raft to be made of the Boards and Timber of the Buildings. The next Day, the Army began to crofs, and the Raft fank on its firft Trial; but another Canoe was obtained, and with the aid of this and of the now iiniflicd Flat, moft: of the Troops were tranfported to the Georgia Side before Night. — Bowen's Life of Lincoln, 301. Appendix, 151 Mclntofli. The 14th, not being able to afcer- tain whether the Count had yet landed his Troops, though feveral Exprefles had been fent for that Purpofe, we remained encamped. On the 15th, being advifed that the Count had embarked Part of his Troops, that he would that Night take Poft nine Miles from Savan- nah, we moved, and encamped at Cherokee Hill, nine Miles from the Town. The i6th, we formed a Jundion before Savannah. After reconnoitering the Enemy's Works, and finding the Town well covered, and knowing their De- termination to defend it, it was deemed neceflary to make fome Approaches, and try the Effeds of Artillery I From the i8th to the 23d, we 1 " While the Siege was going on, detached Parties of the Americans obtained fome Succefs againft a few Troops of the Enemy, who had not fucceeded in getting into Savannah before the Town was completely invcftcd. On the 19th, Pulalki was fent, with a Body of Cavalry, againft a Party of the Enemy who had landed on Ogeechee River. He returned the next Day, having made a Number of Prifoners, and driven the Others on board their VefTels. On the ift of Oftober, Colonel [John] White, of the Georgia Line, fucceeded, by an Extraor- dinary Stratagem, in capturing the Remainder of what was probably the fame Party, Veflels and all, as they had not dared to leave the River, through Fear of the French Fleet. White 152 Appe7tdix. were employed in landing and getting up the Ordnance and Stores ; a Work of Difficulty, from the Want of proper Wheels to tranfport them, the Cannon being on Ship Carriages. On the Evening of the 23d, Ground was broken; and on the 5th Inftant, the Batteries of thirty-three Pieces of Cannon and nine Mor- tars were opened on the Enemy, and continued with Intervals until the 8th, without the wifhed had with him only Captain Etholm, three Soldiers, and his Servant; but, knowing how much the Britifh were alarmed by their Pofition, not being able to put to Sea, and having the Army of the Allies between them and Savannah, he conceived the Defign of frightening them into a Surrender. He kindled a Number of Fires on the Shore, ranged in the Manner of a Camp, rode about, giving Orders in fo loud a Voice as to be heard on board the Veflels, and then, going out to the Enemy with a Flag of Truce, fummoned them to furrender. Captain French, of Delancey's Battalion, who commanded the Party, believed that a large American Force was on Shore, and aftually furrendered his Detachment, and one hundred and thirty itand of Arms, the Crews of the VefTels, and the five Vefiels them- felves, four of which were armed, the largeil mounting fourteen Guns. Articles of Capitulation were drawn up and figned by him. White pretended that it was difficult to reftrain the Ani- mofity and the plundering Propenfity of his Men, and therefore ordered the whole Band to go on Shore, without their Arms, and follow three Guides, whom he would fend to them, by whom Appendix, 153 for EfFed.' The Period having long fince elapfed which the Count had affigned for this Expedi- tion, and the Engineers informing him that much more Time muft be fpent, if he expeded to reduce the Garrifon by regular Approaches, and his longer Stay being impoflible. Matters were reduced to the Alternative of raifing the Siege immediately, and giving up all Thoughts of Conqueft, or attempting the Garrifon by they would be conduced to Lincoln's Army, while his Party would follow in their Rear. They readily aflented ; for as moft of them were Tories, they had a great Dread of their Coun- trymen who adled as Militia, fince great Cruelties were often pradiced on the two Parties. White fent his three Soldiers to guide them, and, remaining behind with Captain Etholm, col- leded a few Militia in the Neighborhood, with whoni he overtook his Prifoners, and brought them fafely into Camp. *' Colonel Lee gives this Story in his Hiftory of the War, and adds : ' The Affair approaches too near the Marvellous to have been admitted into thefe Memoirs, had it not been uni- formly aflertcd, as uniformly accredited, and never contradifted.' There is no Doubt of its Truth; as it is related in Lincoln's private Manufcript Journal of the Siege, is mentioned in his Letter to Congrefs, and, among his Papers, I have found Colonel White's Letter to him, defcribing the Affair, and the original Articles of Capitulation, figned by * Thomas French, Captain of De Lancey's Firll Battahon.' " — Bowen's Life of Lincoln , P. 305- 154- Appendix. Aflault.' The Latter was agreed on ; and on the Morning of the 9th the Attack was made; and it proved unfuccefsful, and we were repulfed with fome Lofs. When the Count firft arrived, he informed us that he would remain on Shore eight Days only. He had fpent four Times that Number ; his Departure, therefore, became indifpenfable ; and to reembark his Ordnance and Stores claimed his next Attention. This was completed on the loth. The fame Evening, having previoufly fent off our Sick, Wounded, and heavy Baggage, the American Troops left the Ground, reached Zubly's Ferry the next Morning, recroffed, and encamped that Night in Carolina.^ J " It was determined to make an Affault. This Meafure was forced on D'Eftaing by his marine Officers, who had remon- ftrated againft his continuing to rifk fo valuable a Fleet in its prefent unrepaired Condition on ilich a dangerous Coart, in the hurricane Seafon, and at fo great a Diflance from the Shore that it might be furprifed by a Britifh Fleet. In a few Days the Lines of the Befiegers might have been carried into the Works of the Befieged ; but under thefe critical Circumftances no far- ther Delay could be admitted. To affault, or to raife the Siege was the only Alternative. Prudence would have diftated the Latter; but a Senfe of Honor determined to adopt the Former." — Ramfay's Hijfory of South Carolina, 1, 316. ~ General Lincoln's Want of Succcfs at Savannah, and fubfe- quent Defeat at Charleflon, did not abate the Confidence in Appefidix. 155 The French Troops encamped, on the Night of the loth, about two Miles from Savannah. They were, after twenty-four Hours, reembarked at Kincaid's Landing. Our Difappointment is great ; and what adds much to our Senfe of it, is the Lofs of a Num- ber of brave Officers and Men, among them the late intrepid Count Pulafki. Count D'Eftaing has undoubtedly the Inte- reft of America much at Heart. This he has evinced by coming to our Affiftance, by his conftant Attention during the Siege, his under- taking to reduce the Enemy by Aflault, when he difpaired of effedling it otherwife, and by bravely putting himfelf at the Head of his which he was held by the Commander-in Chief, by Congiefs, and by the People. He fubfequently participated in the Siege ot Yorktown, was appointed Secretary ot War, commanded the Troops fcnt againll Shay's Rebellion in Wcftern MafTachu- fetts, and ferved on feveral important Commiffions. In 1788 he became Lieutenant-Governor of his native State. General Wafhington appointed him Colle6lor of Bofton, and he lent his full Influence to the Meafures of the firll Prefident. In 1806 he refigned his Office, under a Weight of growing Infirmities. He died at his Home in Hingham, MaiT., May 9, 1810, at the Age of fcventy-feven. — Maff. Hijl. Colle£lions, 2d Ser., iii, 233; Bowen's Life of Lincoln ; Sparks's Biog. Se- ries, xxiii. 156 Appe?tdix, Troops, and leading them to the Attack. In our Service he has freely bled. I feel much for him ; for while he is fuffering the Diftrefs of painful Wounds, he has to combat Chagrin. I hope he wiU be confoled by the Aflurance that, although he has not fucceeded according to his Wifhes and thofe of America, we regard with high Approbation his Intentions to ferve us, and that his Want of Succefs will not lefTen our Ideas of his Merits." B ExtraB from the Kings Speech to Parlia- ment, November i, 1780. lY the Force which the laft Parliament put into my Hands, and by the Bleffing of Divine Provi- dence on the Bravery of my Fleets and Armies, I have been enabled to withftand the formidable Attempts of my Enemies, and to fruftrate the great Expedations they had formed ; and the fignal Succefles which have attended the Pro- grefs of my Arms in the Provinces of Georgia and Carolina^ gained with fo much Honour to the Condud and Courage of my Officers, and to the Valour and Intrepidity of my Troops, Appe?idix. 157 which have equalled their higheft Charader in any Age, will, I truft, have important Confe- quences in bringing the War to a happy Con- clufion : It is my moft earneft Defire to fee this great End accomplifhed ; but I am confi- dent you will agree with me in Opinion, that we can only fecure fafe and honourable Terms of Peace by fuch powerful and refpedable Pre- parations as (hall convince our Enemies that we will not fubmit to receive the Law from any Powers whatfoever; and that we are united to a firm Refolution to decline no Difficulty or Hazard in the Defence of our Country, and for the Prefervation of our effential Interefts." American Account of the Siege of Savannah. Furniflied by an Officer engaged in the Attack. 1 " T7V ARLY in Sept. 1779, the Amazon French Hj Frigate appeared off Charlefton Bar; the Vifcompte de Fontanges, Adjutant General to the Army under Count D'Eftaing, landed and conferred with Gen. Lincoln, when an Attack upon the Britifli Force in Savannah, by the 1 Major Thomas Pinckney. w 158 Appendix. combined French Army, faid to confift of three thoufand Men, and one thoufand American Troops to be furnifhed by General Lincoln, was agreed upon. By Order of General Lin- coln, Colonel Cambray of the Engineers, Cap- tain Gadfden and myfelf, embarked on board the Amazon^ then commanded by the celebrated Circumnavigator La Peroufe.' In a Day or two after we left Charlefton, we joined the French Fleet, confifting of twenty Ships of the Line, and feveral Frigates, when we went on board the Languedoc^ to be under the immediate Com- mand of Count D'Eftaing, who had defired that fome American Officers, acquainted with the French Language, might be fent to him. In paffing before Beaufort, D'Eftaing was ap- prifed that Colonel Maitland, with a confideraHe Part of the Britifli Force, was ftationed at that Place, and was aware of the Advantages which would refult from preventing his Junction with the main Body at Savannah. Our Progrefs was 1 After the Peace of 1783, he was appointed to conduft a fcientific Expedition on a Voyage of Difcovery. His laft Com- munication was dated February 7, 1788, from Botany Bay, and a Myftery hung over his Fate till 1827, when it was learned that his Ships were loft on one of the Iflands of the New Hebrides Group. Appendix. 159 delayed forne Hours off the Bar; and it was reported that forne of the fmaller Veflels were preparing to enter, but the Plan was relinquifhed becaufe the Pilots furnifhed from Charlefton refufed to undertake to carry them in. This was the firft great Error of this fhort, but dif- aftrous Campaign. The whole Britifh regular Force amounted only to two thoufand five hundred Men, of which Maitland commanded eight hundred at Beaufort ; had thefe been pre- vented from joining Prevoft at Savannah, it is probable the Latter would have capitulated, or certainly could not have made the fame formi- dable Refiftance. I know, however, from the Acknowledgement of the principal Pilot, that he did refufe to carry in the Veffels. " The Fleet then proceeded off Savannah Bar, where Information being received that the Britifh had a Company of Regulars pofted on Tybee Ifland, D'Eftaing determined to attack them. Accordingly, he landed with the Officers of his Staff, the three Americans, and his Body- guard, compofed of a Subaltern's Command of about twenty Marines; we marched near half Mile in the Diredion of the Fort, when D'Ef- taing, looking back and feeing only his {lender i6o Appendix. Efcort, afked the Adjutant General, where were the Troops to reduce the Britifh Poft ? M. de Fontanges anfwered that he had received no Diredions to order any Troops for the Occa- fion. The General appeared much irritated, replying that he had informed him of the Ob- je6l he had in View, and that it was his Duty to have brought with him the Number of Troops neceflary for the Occafion. While this was paffing, a Couple of Negroes came by, who being interrogated, informed that the Poft had been withdrawn early that Morning. This ex- traordinary Occurrence is mentioned to fhow fomething of the Manner of Proceeding of the Commander-in-chief of the Expedition, and of the Footing on which he ftood with the Officers under his Command. " The Fleet then proceeded off Affeeba Sound, where about eighteen hundred Troops were embarked in the Bouts of the Fleet, and proceeded at Night fall twelve Miles up the River to Beaulieu. The Order for landing, direded that the Boats ftiould follow, as expe- ditioufly as they could, (in that in which the General embarked, a Lantern was hoifted,) and on reaching the Landing, the Troops were to Appendix. 1 6 1 range themfelves next to thofe whom they would find drawn up, without any Regard to Corps. It was fortunate for the General, whofe Boat being lighter than the Reft confiderably outrowed them, that a Britifti Poft with two Field-pieces had been withdrawn the preceding Day, or the Boats which arrived firft, muft have been greatly annoyed ; the Bluff of Beaulieu commanding a long Reach of the River up which they paffed. The Landing with fuch a Body, would probably have been effeded, but certainly not without confiderable Lofs. No Time was loft after the Landing of the Troops, in marching to Savannah; it appearing to be the Defire of the General to arrive there before the Day appointed for the Rendezvous with General Lincoln. ** The Morning after the Army encamped, within a ftiort Diftance of Savannah, a Flag of Truce was fent in, requiring the Surrender of the Poft and Garrifon, to the Army of His Moji Chriftian Majefty. A Delay of twenty-four Hours for the Anfwer, was required and granted; before their Expiration, Maitland brought in his Detachment, and the Demand of Capitulation was rejeded. 1 62 Appendix. " General Lincoln, with the American Army, arrived near Savannah at the Time agreed upon, which was the 17th September, and on the 23d, the two Armies formed a Junftion, and encamped together within about a Mile and a half of the Enemy's Lines, the French on the Right. Here I joined my Regiment, which being the Firft of South Carolina, was encamped on the extreme Left of the Line. " It appeared now to be the Determination of the Generals, to endeavour to carry the Poft by regular Approaches ; for the Enemy's Line of Defence, which was fcarcely begun when D'Eftaing's Summons was given, had, in that Interval often Days, become formidable; it extended along the fandy Ridge or Bluff, on which Savannah is built, from the Swamp be- low the Town to Yamacraw Creek, which is its upper Boundary. It confifted of a Chain of Redoubts with Batteries, the whole covered in Front by a ftrong Abbatis. The principal Battery appeared to be in the Centre of the Line, where flood, when we firft approached it, a large public Building of Brick, but which difappeared in one Night, and in a Day or two a formidable Battery was opened upon us from Appendix. 163 its Site. The next Work in Importance was the Spring Hill Redoubt, which was on their extreme Right, and commanded Yamacraw Creek, at the Mouth whereof was ftationed a Britifh Galley. This Line was admirably- adapted to the Enemy's Force ; if it had been a clofed Line, their two thoufand five hundred Troops could not have manned the Whole, efpecially as they were obliged to have fome flight Works on each Flank, and to pay fome Attention to their Front on the River, as the French had fent fome fmall Veffels of War with a Bomb-ketch into the Back River, which is only feparated from the main Channel by an Ifland of Marfh. From the 23d September,' when our Army firft broke Ground, we con- tinued working in the Trenches with great Ailiduity. Our Batteries opened on the 5th of Odlober, but though well ferved, apparently with little Effed. The Sap continued to be pufhed forward until the 8th, when the Remon- ftrance of the Officers of the French Fleet againft their being detained longer on the Coaft, induced Count D'Eftaing to inform General > I kept no Memorandum of the Dates, but have referred to Gen. Moultrie's Memoirs for them. 1 64 Appendix. Lincoln that he muft withdraw his Force; but to prove his Defire to ferve the Caufe, he of- fered to cooperate in an Aflault upon the Britifh Lines. This appears to have been ac- cepted as the Pifaller^ and on that Day we were ordered to parade near the Left of the Line at I o'clock of the next Morning, where we were to be joined by the French, and to march to the Attack in the following Order: — The French Troops were to be divided into three Columns, the Americans into two, the Heads of which were to be pofted in a Line, with proper Intervals at the Edge of the Wood adjoining the open Space of five or fix hundred Yards between it and the Enerny's Line, and at 4 o'clock in the Morning, a little before Day- light, the whole was, on a Signal being given, to rufh forward and attack the Redoubts and Batteries oppofed to their Front. The Ameri- can Column of the Right, which adjoined the French, were to be preceded by Pulafki, with his Cavalry and the Cavalry of South Carolina, and were to follow the French until they ap- proach the Edge of the Wood, when they were to break off and take their Pofition. This Column was compofed of the Light Infantry Appendix, 165 under Col. Laurens, of the 2d Regiment of South Carolina, and the ift Battalion of Charles- ton Militia. The fecond American Column confifted of the ift and 5th South Carolina Regiments, commanded by Brigadier General M'Intofli of Georgia. A Corps of French Weft India Troops, under the Vifcompte de Noailles, the Artillery, and fome American Militia, formed the Referve under General Lincoln. "A faint Attack by the South Carolina Mi- litia and Georgians, under Brigadier General Huger, was ordered to be made on the Enemy's Left ; but, inftead of the French Troops being paraded fo as to march off at 4 o'clock, it was near four before the Head of that Column reached our Front. The whole Army then marched towards the Skirt of the Wood in one long Column, and as they approached, the open Space were to break off into the different Columns, as ordered for the Attack. But, by the Time the firft French Column had arrived at the open Space, the Day had fairly broke, when Count D'Eftaing, without waiting until the other Columns had arrived at their Pofttion, placed himfelf at the Head of his firft Column, X 1 66 Appendix, and rufhed forward to the Attack. But this Body was fo feverely galled by the Grape- fhot from the Batteries as they advanced, and by both Grape-fhot and Mufketry when they reached the Abbatis, that, in fpite of the Effort of the Officers, the Column got into Confufion and broke away to their Left toward the Wood in that Diredion ; the fecond and the third French Columns ffiared fucceffively the fame Fate, having the additional Difcouragement of feeing as they marched to the Attack, the Re- pulfe and Lofs of their Comrades who had preceded them. Count Pulafki, who, with the Cavalry, preceded the right Column of the Americans, proceeded gallantly until flopped by the Abbatis, and before he could force through it, received his mortal Wound. In the mean Time, Colonel Laurens at the Head of the Light Infantry, followed by the 2d South Carolina Regiment, and ifl Battalion Charleflon Militia, attacked the Spring Hill Redoubt, got into the Ditch and planted the Colours of the 2d Regiment on the Berm, but the Parapet was too high for them to fcale it under fo heavy a Fire, and after much Slaughter they were driven out of the Ditch. When General Pulafki was Appendix, 167 about to be removed from the Field, Colonel D. Horry, to whom the Command of the Ca- valry devolved, afked what were his Dire6tions. He anfwered, * follow my Lancers to whom I have given my order of Attack.' But the Lan- cers were fo feverely galled by the Enemy's Fire, that they alfo inclined off to the Left, and were followed by all the Cavalry, breaking through the American Column, who were at- tacking the Spring Hill Redoubt. By this Time the 2,d American Column headed by Gen. M'Intofh, to which I was attached, arrived at the Foot of the Spring Hill Redoubt, and fuch a Scene of Confufion as there appeared is not often equalled. Col. Laurens had been fepa- rated from that Part of his Command that had not entered the Spring Hill Ditch by the Cavalry, who had borne it before them into the Swamp to the Left, and when we marched up, inquired if we hadjeen them. Count D'Eftaing was wounded in the Arm, and endeavouring to rally his Men, a few of whom with a Drummer he had coUedted. General M'Intofh did not fpeak French, but defired me to inform the Com- mander-in-chief that his Column was frefh, and that he wiftied his Diredlions, where, under 1 68 yjppendix. prefent Circumftances, he fhould make the At- tack. The Count ordered that we fhould move more to the Left, and by no Means to interfere with the Troops he was endeavouring to rally ; in purfuing this Direction we were thrown too much to the Left, and before we could reach Spring Hill Redoubt, we had to pafs through Yamacraw Swamp, then wet and boggy, with the Galley at the Mouth annoying our left Flank with Grape-fhot. While ftruggling through this Morafs, the firing flacked, and it was re- ported that the whole Army had retired. I was fent by General MTntofh to look out from the Spring Hill, where I found not an Afl'ailant flanding. On reporting this to the General, he ordered a Retreat, which was effedled without much Lofs, notwithftanding the heavy Fire of Grape-fhot with which we were followed. " The Lofs of both Armies in killed and wounded amounted to 637 French and 457 Americans,' 1000.^ The Irifh Brigade in the French Service, and our id Regiment, particu- larly diftinguifhed themfelves and fuffered moft. The Lofs of the Britifh amounted only to fifty- five. • Moultrie. '-^ Mardiall. Appendix. 169 " Thus was this fine Body of Troops facri- ficed by the Imprudence of the French General, who, being of fuperior Grade, commanded the Whole. If the French Troops had left their Encampment in Time for the different Corps to have reached their Pofitions, and the Whole attacked together, the Profped of Succefs would have been infinitely better, though even then it would have been very doubtful on Account of the Strength of the Enemy's Line, which was well fupplied by Artillery. But if Count D'Ef- taing had refleded a Moment, he muft have known, that attacking with a fingle Column before the Reft of the Army could have reached their Pofition, was expofing the Army to be beaten in Detail. In fad the Enemy, who were to be afiailed at once on a confiderable Part of their Front, finding themfelves only attacked at one Point, very deliberately concentrated their whole Fire on the afiailing Column, and that was repeated as faft as the different Corps were brought up to the Attack. General Lincoln had the Command of the Referve and covered the Retreat; if he had led the Attack, I think the Event could not have been fo difaftrous, and I am warranted in this Opinion by the At- I JO Appendix. tack he made on the Enemy's Lines at Stono, where, when he found how ftrongly the Enemy were entrenched, although his Light Infantry, on both Flanks, had gained fome Advantage, withdrew the Troops without any confiderable Lofs. " The Similarity in the Refult of this Attack on Savannah, and that of the BrJtifli on New Orleans in 1815, is remarkable; the Lofles of the Aflailants and their Enemies was nearly in equal Proportion. Neither can Packenham ef- cape the Cenfure of Precipitation, in urging the Attack when he knew the fcaling Ladders he had ordered were not brought up, and before Colonel Thornton had got PofTeffion of our Batteries on the Weft Side of the River, which, if brought to bear on the right Flank of the American Line, muft have made an important Diverfion in Favour of his Attack." — Garden's Anecdotes of the American Revolution^ Brooklyn Ed., 1865, iii, 19. Appendix, 171 French Account of D'EJiaing's Attempt upon Savannah in Georgia. [From the Paris Gazette of Jan. 7, 1780.] Summary of the Operations of the Kings Squadron commanded by the Count D' EJlaing^ Vice Adtniral of France y after the taking of Grenada, and the Naval Engagement off that IJland with Byron s Squadron. A DETACHMENT of the King's Ships and Frigates, under the Orders of Cap- tain de Suffren, went to make the Iflands of Curiacou and Union Capitulate, and received the Oath of Allegiance of the Inhabitants. The Sieur Montet, Govertior of the Ifland of St. Vincent, performed the fame Operation in the Iflands of Becouya ; the Surrender of the other little Grenadines followed immediately that of the principal Iflands. The 22d of July, the King's Squadron ap- peared before St. Chriftopher's, where the Eng- lifli Squadron was at Anchor under the Batteries in the Road. The Englifli Admiral did not think proper to accept the Battle. After remaining two Days before St. Chrifto- pher's, the King's Squadron failed for St. 172 Appendix. Domingo with the trading Fleet of the French Windward Iflands. The Count D'Eftaing dif- patched all thefe Ships to Europe, which were joined by thofe of the Leeward Iflands, under the Protedion of the Ships le Prote^eur and la Fier, and the Frigates la Minerve and f Alemene. With the Remainder of his Squadron he fteered for the Coafts of the Continent of America. A Gale of Wind he met with the 2d of September, whilft at Anchor before the Mouth of Savannah, prevented his going up more Northward. Moft of his Ships were difabled, and five of them had their Rudders broken. The Repair of the King's Ships required a confiderable Time in a Country where naval Stores are hard to be come at. Tr.at Circum- ftance decided the Count d'Eftaing to undertake the Siege of Savannah with the Troops he had on board his Ships, which were joined by 2,000 Men from the United States of North America, under the Command of General Lincoln. The French Troops confifted of 2,823 Eu- ropeans, draughted from the Regiments of Armagnac, Champagne, Auxerrois, Agenois, Garinois, Cambrefis, Haynault, Foix, Dillon, Walfh, le Cap, la Gaudeloupe, la Martinique Appendix. 173 and Port au Prince, including a Detachment of the Royal Corps of Infantry of the Marine, the Volunteers of Vallelle, the Dragoons, and 156 Volunteer Grenadiers, lately raifed at Cape Fran9ois. The coloured Troops confifted of 545 Volunteer ChafTeurs, Mulattoes and Ne- groes, newly raifed at St. Domingo. The Total of the Troops of the Befiegers, including the 2,000 Americans, amounted to 5,524 Men. The Englifh had in Savannah 3,055 Englifh European Troops, 80 Cherokee Savages, and 4,000 Negroes. The Total of the Troops of the Befieged was 7,165 Men, under the Com- mand of General Prevoft. The 15th of September the Englifh General was fummoned to furrender the Place, and on his Refufal the Siege was begun. It was carried on with as much Vigour as the fmall Number of Workmen would admit of The Enemy made a Sally the 24th of September, and were repulfed with Lofs, and the Sieur O'Dun pur- fued them as far as their Intrenchments. The Impoffibility of continuing a Siege in Form againft fuperior Forces, decided the Count d'Eftaing to order the Attack on the Entrench- ments the 9th of Odober. The Enemy, being Y 174 Appendix. informed by Deferters of the Plan of the At- tack, had prepared their Defence on the Side intended to be furprifed. The French and American Troops attacked with the greateft Vigour, and returned three Times to the Charge ; but the Superiority of Numbers forced them to give Way. The Seafon was too far advanced for the Count d'Eftaing to hope he could terminate the Operations of a Siege ; he was afraid left one of thofe Gales, fo frequent on the Coaft of Georgia, fhould drive his Ships out of the Road, and oblige him to put to Sea, in Order to fave them, and thus abandon the Troops employed in the Expedition. He refolved to raife the Siege. The Retreat was made in the beft Order, and without being molefted. The King's Troops reembarked the 20th of Odober; only two Days after the Rudders of the Ships could be repaired and placed. The greateft Union has fubfifted between the combined Forces. The Count de Dillon, the Vifcount de Noailles, the Marquis de Pont de Naux, the Baron de Steding, the Vifcount de Fontages, Colonel and the Sieur O'Dun, Lieutenant Colo- Appendix. 175 nel, particularly diftinguifhed themfelves in an Operation, as painful by the Fatigues of a Ser- vice rendered continual by the fmall Number of Men, as it was glorious for them, by the Dan- gers to which they were perpetually expofed, and by the different Manoeuvres with which they were charged. The Chevalier de Trolong du Romain, and the Count de Chaftenet de Puyfegur, have proved, by conducting the King's Lighter la 'Truite, under the very Batteries of the Town of Savannah, that an armed Sloop, laden with Artillery of the Calibre of 12, too ftrong for its Pattern, could back itfelf againft land Bat- teries of the largeft Calibre. Total of the Killed, 15 Officers, and 168 Subalterns and Soldiers. Total of the Wounded, 43 Officers, and 411 Subalterns and Soldiers. — New Jerjey Journal^ ii, Ixxi, June 21, 1780. Count Pulajki. AMONG the Loffes of the Allies before Savannah, none was more feverely felt than that of Count Cafimir Pulalki. De- 176 Appendix. fcended from a noble Houfe in Poland, and reared in the Love of Liberty, he had long contended againft the Tyranny that was crufhing his native Country ; and when Refiftance was no longer of avail, he fled to Turkey in the Hope of continuing the Conteft againfl: Ruffia, but a Peace in 1774 put an End to this, and he came to offer his Services to America. His adive and ardent martial Spirit com- mended him to the Favor of Wafliington ; and, having ferved without Rank as a Volun- teer with much Succefs at the Battle of Brandy- wine, was appointed by Congrefs, September 5th, 1777, to the Command of a Troop of Horfe, with the Rank of Brigadier. In 1778 he was authorized to raife an independent Corps, compofed of three Companies of Cavalry and three of Foot, which received the Name of " Pulafki's Legion." While this was being organized, he was fl:ationed at Bethlehem, Pa. ; and the Protedion he afforded to the Female Members of the Moravian Community at that Place was rewarded by the Prefentation of a beautiful Silk Banner, tafl:efully embroidered ; and which, after being faved at the Battle of Savannah, was brought North, and finally was depofited with the Maryland Hifliorical Society. Appendix, 177 Confliding Accounts have come down to us relating to the Place of General Pulafki's Place of Burial ; and when the noble Monument to his Memory was ereded at Savannah, a metallic Cafe, holding what were fuppofed to be his mortal Remains, was placed within the Plinth, alongfide of the Corner Stone. The Weight of Evidence, however, decides in the Belief, that he died on Board the Wajp^ and was buried under Water, on the Return of the Army to Charlefton. The Subjed: is fully ftated in Prof. Stevens's Hijlory of Georgia, from which Work this Notice is abridged. Upon the Vifit of the Marquis de La Fayette to Savannah, in 1825, the Corner Stone was laid for a Monument to Count Pulafki, on Chippe- way Square, and another to General Greene on Pulafki Square. An Attempt was made to raife the Funds for this Objed:, but failed, as did alfo an Effort to combine the two Enterprifes in a "Greene and Pulafki Monument," although a confiderable Sum was raifed by Lottery for this Purpofe. On the nth of 06lober, 1853, the Corner Stone of another Monument to Pulaiki was laid, and the Stru6lure was finifhed at about the Begin- ning of the late Rebellion. 178 Appendix. An Engraving, reprefenting the Pulafki Mon- ument, and a full Defcription, and Account of laying the Corner Stone, are given in White's Hijiory of Georgia^ P. 308. A%|ffc IN D E X . A CTION, naval, 103. -^~^ Agnois, 145, 172. Alemene, 1', Ship, 172. Alert, Ship, 95, 145. Amazon Frigate, 50, 144, 145, 157, 158. American Account of Siege ot Savannah, 157. Andre, Major, Allufion to, 1 17. Anhalt Regiment, 95. Annibal, Ship, 94, 144. Antigua, News from, 51. Appeal, Burlefque, to People of United States, 105, 106. Appendix, 127. Appomattox River, 104. Ariel, Ship, 52, 144. Armagnac Regiment, 145, 172. Artefien, Ship, 94, 144. Aflault of Savannah, 27, 86, 141, 154, 164, 165, 166, 173- Afleeba Sound, 160. -, Aiixerois Regiment, 95, 172. OACK River, 34, 35, 44, -'-' 68, 69, 70, -](), 141, 163. Bailey, Lieutenant, 146. Baird, Sir James, 8, 13, 14. Banner prefented to Pulafki, 176. Barclay, Andrew, Efq., 52. Barrington, Ship, 95. Beaufort, 18, 31, 32, 47, 55, 61, 63, 1 14, 158, 160. Becouya, Iflands of, 171. Bendelo, Captain, 147. Bentolofa, Mons., 70. Bentalon, Captain, 41. Beraud, Captain, 146. Bertrand, Count, 132. Bethlehem, Pa., 176. Bewlie, 32, 34, 136; French land at, 29. Black Brigade, 45. Blance, Ship, 50, 145. Blonde, Ship, 52. Blondeule, Ship, 95. Boats, Delay from Want of, 150. Bombardment, Extent of, 50. Bordeaux, Ship, 145. Bougainville, Mons., 54, 144. Bowie, Captain, 147. Bram Regiment, 145. Brewton's Hill, 45. Bricoli, Ship, 145. Britiili Legion, 59. Brown, Captain, 24, 54, 81. Brown, Lieut. Colonel, 59. Bruneau, Lieutenant, 147. i8o Index. Burial of Dead, 74. Burlefque Appeal to People of United States, by Congrefs, 105, 106; Letter on the Failure of the French at Sa- vannah, 95, 96. Burial of Dead, 86. Bufli, Lieutenant, 40. Byron, Admiral, 53, 54. /^^SAR, Ship, 94, 144. ^^ Callibogue, 143. Cambray, Colonel, 158. Cambrefis Regiment, 172. Cameron, Captain, 8, 10. Campbell, Col. Archibald, 7, II, 13, 14. Campbell, Captain Patrick, 50. Campbell, Lieutenant Smollett, Cape Francois, 19, 26, 173; Troops from, 95, 145, 172. Carolina Militia retire, 45. Carolina Redoubt, 85. Cartels, 47, 102. Caflcet, Loudon's noticed, 117. Cailon's Bluft", 34, 46. Ceres, Ship, 95, 145. Chamblis, Chev. de, 132. Champagne Regiment, 172. Champion, ftore Ship, 144, 146. Charlefton, Condition of, in 1779, 16; attacked in 1779, 17; Allufions to, 121, 123, 124; Militia, 165; Ameri- cans return to, 76. Cherokee Hill, 187. Cherokee Indians, 173. Chefapeak Bay, 23. Chefapcak, Veflels fail for, 49, 100, 101 . Chrillian, Captain, 50, 143. Chimere, la. Ship, 145. Clarke, Lieutenant of the Navy, 8. Clinton, Sir Henry, 7. Cockfpur, 47, 58, 61. Cohorns, 35. Colored Regiment of the Cape, 95' 173- Colors, brave Adl in fecuring, 40. Comet, Gaily, 9, 27, 32, 58, ^ 59, 60, 61, 6-j, 137, 141. Congrefs, Letter to, 149; fe- cret Proceedings, 140; bur- lefque Appeal of, 105, 106. Correfpondence between D'Ef- taing and General Prevolt, I27_. Council ot War held, 31. Court of Inquiry exonerates General Howe, 15. Cozens, Captain, 148. Crawford, Sloop, 50, 60. Cruger, Lieut. Colonel, 39, 64. Curiacou, 171. Curry, John, Defcrtcr, 37. rjASUSKEE, 31, 32. ^^^ Dauphin Royal, Ship, 94, Davis, Captain, 147. De Chaftenet de Puyfegen, Count de, 175. D'Eifaing, Charles Heftor, Comte, 18, 80; Fleet of, 19; demands Surrender of Savannah, 20,29, '3^- ^P" hidex. i8i pears before Savannah, 25, 57, 82, 149; demands Sur- render, and grants Delay, 30, 62, 82, 161, 162 ; com- mences Siege, 33; AfTault by, 38, 86, 141, 165, 167, 173; wounded, 41, 81 ; Er- rors of, 47, 96, 158; Un- certainty of his Movements, 48, 56; eftcftive Force of, 53 ; Enghfli Reports con- cerning, 54 ; biographical Notice of, 62 ; Summons of, 89 ; Correfpondence with Gen. Prevort, 91, 92; bur- lefque Letter concerning, 96 ; Movements of Fleet of, 100, 101, 102; Correfpondence of, continued, 127 ; fincerely defired Succcfs, 162. De Graffe, Mons , 56. Delancey's Battalion, 10, 35, 59, 60, 148, 152, 153. Delancey, Mrs., Verfes attri- buted to, 1 12. De Montange, Gen., wounded, 22. Deferters, 45, 65, 71, 75, Deffaufure, Lieutenant, 147. Diademe, Ship, 145. Dillon, Count Arthur, 97, 172, 174 ; Notice of, 132. Dillon, Sir James, 132. Dillon Regiment, 95, 132, 145, 172. Dolly Quamino, a Negro, 13. Donations for Garrifon of Sa- vannah, 124. Donnom, Capt. Lieut., 146. Drowning of French reported, pAST Florida, 52. ^^ Ebenezer, 38, 40. Ebenezer Battery, 72, 73; Heights of, 150. Elbert, Colonel, 12. Elegy on Col. Maitland, 112. Elliott, Mrs., Colors prefented by, 40. Ellis, Ship, 95. Elphinftone, Brig, 25. Englifh Account of Siege of Savannah, 134; Return of Killed and Wounded, 147. Epitaph, poetical, for Colonel Maitland, 114. Errors of the Siege, 47, 96, 158, 169. Etholm, Captain, 152, 153. Eulogy upon Col. Maitland, 1 10. Experiment, Man-of-War, 52, 145. ■pAILURE of Allies ac- *• counted for, 99. Fantafque, Ship, 94, 144- Feint Attack, 165. Fendant, Ship, 94, 105, 145. Fier, la, Ship, 50, 172, Five-Fathom-Hole, 44, 61,65, 67, 77. 79' H°- Flag fent, 43, 67, 70, 74, 82, 84, 86, 161. Fleur de la Mere, 95. Flyming's Ifland, 34. Foix Regiment, 145, 172. 1 82 Indt ex. Fontanges, Vifcompte de, 157, General Mathews, Sloop, 26. 160, 174. • Germain, Lord George, 115; Fontenoy, Regiment of, 132. Letter to, 7. Fort Pulafki, 47. Germain, armed Ship^ 58, 136, Fortune, Ship, 50, 145. 140. Fowey, Ship, 51, 58, 59, 60, Gerard, Mr., 149. 61, 134, 136, 137, 140, Gerredeaux's Plantations, 9, 146. 10. France, Ships return to, 53. Giles, Captain, 147. French Fleet in Weft Indies, Graham, John, Lieutenant Go- 18. vernor, 35. French Fleet before Savannah, Graham, Major, 32, 33, 64. 18, 57, 94, 172. Gray, Lieutenant, 147. French, Strength of, 80, 172. Greenwich, armed Sloop, 9. French, Fleet, EfFedives of, 53 ; Grenada, Capital of, 18, 29, Names of, 144; Troops de- 48, 50, 53, 90. coyed under Fire, 33; Lofs, Grenadiers, 59, 73, 88. 81 ; Captain captured by Grenadines, 171. Stratagem, 152; Wounded Guerrier, Ship, 94, 144. fent off, 44; Boats faid to be funk, 57 ; Account of At- U A MILTON, Col , North tack on Savannah, 171. Carolina Loyalift, 39. Havanna, VelTels fail for, 100, /^ADSDEN, Captain, 158. Haynault Regiment, 172. ^^^ Gaine, Mr, , receives Do- Hcdor, Ship, 94, 145. nations for Garrifon, 125. Henry, Captain John, 51,65, Gale encountered, 172. 14^5 Notice of, 134. Garden Bank, Veftels funk on, Heflians, 7, 1 1, 31, 33, 59, 60. 34. Highland Regiment, 8. Garrinois Regiment, 172. Hilton Head, !02, 103. Garrifon of Savannah, Dona- Hogan, General, 105. tions for, 124. Hogin, Captain, 147. Gafton, Lieutenant, 147. Horry, Colonel, 41, 167. Gaudeloupe Regiment, 172. Hofpital, Britifh, 38. Gaudaloupe, Troops from, Howe, Lord, 62. 145. Howe, General Robert, 7, 10, Georgia, early revolutionary 15, 16. Spirit of, 5; civil Govern- Huger, Colonel Ifaac, 12, 42. ment in, 17; Trade opened Huger, General, 39, 165. with, 114. Huger's Regiment, 1 1. Indi ex. 183 Hume, Lieutenant, 40. Hurricane Seafon, 48. Hutchinfon's Ifland, 70. TPHYGENIE, Ship, ^o, 145. JASPER, Sergeant William, Bravery of, 40. Jafper, County named, 40. "Jonathan," Reception of, 83. Jones, Major, 146. TT'ENNEDY, Captain, 25. -*-^ KeppeI,armedBrig, 9, 58, 59, 60, 61, 135, 137, 140. Killed and Wounded, Return of American, 146 ; Eng- li(h Return of, 147, 168 ; French, 175. Kincaid's Landing, 155. King's Rangers, 59. King's Speech in Parliament, 156. T ANGREL, 86. -*-^ Languedoc, Ship, 94, 144, 158. La Peroufe, the Navigator, 158. Laurens, Colonel, 40, 165, 166, 167. Laurie, Mrs., Houfe of, burnt, 36. . ^ Lee, Colonel, Account given by, 152. Leeward Iflands, 172. Leflie, Major General, 52, 55. Letter, giving an Account of the Attack upon Savannah, 80 : from Gentleman in Hofpiial, 80; from T. W. Moore, 82 ; from Count D'Eftaing, 89, 92, 1 28, 1 3 1 ; from Gen. Prevoft, 91, 127, 130, 133; burlefque, from French Officer, 95, 96 ; with Criticifms upon Siege of Sa- vannah, 117; from Captain Henry, giving an Account of Siege, 135 ; from Gen. Lin- coln to Congrefs, 149. Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, ap- pointed to command South- ern Department, 16; men- tioned, 17, 18, 19, 47, 65, 86, 94, 98, 104, 122, 125, 138, 149, 154, 155, 157' 158, 161, 162, 165, 172 ; Notice of, 155. Lively, Ship, 95, 145. Livingfton, William, Letter to, 117. Lloyd, Mrs., Houfe of, burnt, 36. Locke, Lieutenant, 57, 135. London, VelTels fail for, 50. Lotteries, 177. Loudon's Cafket noticed, 117. Loyalilb, relative Numbers of, 6. Lys, Ship, 145. \/[cCARTNEY, Lord, 29, ^ ^ 90. McDonoLigh, Captain, 27. McGillivray's Plantation, 45. Mclntofli, Angus, 55. Mclntofli, Eneas, 55. Mclntofli, General, 42, 55, 86,93, 146, 151' 167. i84 Index. McKinzie, Captain, 52. McPherfon, Lieutenant Henry, 66, 148. Magnifique, Ship, 26, 54, 94, 144. Maitland, Lieut. Colonel John, 23. 24. 31. 35. 38, 39' 61, 63' 83, 99, 136, 137, 158, 159; Epitaph on, 114; Eu- logy upon, I 10 ; Verfes on Death of, 112; Reply of Spirit of, 113. Marines, Corps of, 95, 173. Marfellois, Ship, 94, 144. Martinique Regiment, 172. Martinico Volunteers, 51, 95, 145. Meadows, General, 49. Mills, Captain John, 33. Minerve, la. Ship, 172. Molefworth, W., 115. MoncriefFe, Capt. George, 28, 55' 139- " Monfieur," Reception of, 83. Montet, Sieur, 171. Monument to Pulafki, 177. Moore, T. VV., Letter from, 82. Moravians prefent Banner to Pulafki, 176. Mott, Charles, 87. Moultrie, General, 163. Mud Flat, 140. Mulatto Troops, 53. Mulryne, Col. John, 45. Myrtle, Ship, 143, 144. XTAPOLEON, at St. He- ^ lena, 132, Negroes employed on Fortifi- cations, 28. New Orleans, Comparifon with, 170. New Providence, 102. New York, Expeditions fent from, 7. New York Volunteers (Loy- alifts), 9, 10, 14, 60, 63. New York, Sloop for, 50. North Channel, Sounding of, 57' 60. Noailles, Vifcompte, 52, 54, 165, 174. r^'DUN, Sieur, 173, 174. ^^ Ogeeche River, 78, 151. Order Book of Gen. Prevoft, 60. Orders iiTued on Appearance of the French before Sa- vannah, 59; during Siege, 64. OfTabaw, 51. pANIC reported among French, 53. Parker, Commodore, 8. Parker, Lieutenant, 147. Parfons, Captain, 147. Partizan Warfare, Bitternefs of, 6. Petre, Lieutenant, 147. Pinckney, Thomas, 157. Plombard, M., French Con- ful, 19, 149. Polhill, Captain, 39. Pollard, Enfign, 34, 87, 148. Pont de Naux, Marquis de, 174. Port au Prince, 173 ; Troops from, 145. Index. 185 Port Royal, Poft eftablifhed at, 18 ; noticed, 19, 47, 136, 137- Prevoft, Gen. Auguftine, No- tice of, 17; notified of Ap- proach of French Fleet, 19; delays Operations, 20 ; Cor- refpondence with, 89, 91, 127; noticed, 17, 29, 30, 50, 55, 82, 136, 159, 173. Prifoners, 67, 69, 102. Proclamation of Lord Germain noticed, 116; Thankfgiving, 51- Protefteur, le, Ship, 172. Provence, Ship, 94, 144, Provincial Troops (Loyal- ills), 7.^ Pulafki, Count, wounded, 22, 4^; 75, 81, 147, 151, 155, i6|, 166; Notice of, 175 ; Burial of, 177; Monument, 177. Pulafki's Legion, 176. T> APPAHANNOCK River, -*-^ 105. Recole, Ship, 94. Redoubts erefted, 28, Reflechi, Ship, 94, 145. Revenue Regulations with Georgia, 1 14. Rhode Ifland, 95. River Dan, 10. Rivington, Mr., receives Do- nations for Garrifon, 125. Robinfon, John, 1 16. Robufte, Ship, 94, 144. Roderique, ftore Ship, 145. Rofe, Man-of-War, 24, 34, 58,63,65,67, 69,81, 135, 136, I37> 139; ^""l^. 139. 143- Roux, Captain, 147. Royal, le. Ship, 145. Royal Roufillon Regiment, 145. Rutledgc, Galley, 143. Rutledgc, Governor, 18. C AGITAIRE, Ship, 94, 103, 104, 144. St. Auguftine, 17, 27, 51, 52. St. Chriftophers, 171. St. Domingo, 172, 173. St. Helena, Poft eftablifhed at, 18. St. Lucia captured, 18. St. Vincent, 48, 171. Salter's Ifland, 32. Savannah attacked, 7 ; Britifli official Account of its Cap- ture, 7 ; Lofles at, 15; com- bined Attack to recover agreed upon, 1 9 ; Siege of, 21, 64, 83; Attack repulfed 22 ; Size of City, 23 ; eva- cuated by the Britifh Army 24; Advices from, 25; Sur render demanded, 29; De- lay afked and granted, 30 Refolve to defend, 31 ; Col Maitland arrives, 31; Pro grefs of Siege, 33-38; At- tack by French, 38 ; re- pulfed, 40 ; Cafualties, 43, 54; Siege raifed, 46; Port open, 47; Stevens's Review of Siege, 47; Thankfgiving for Viftory, 51; Addition to Journal of Siege, 52; 1 86 Indt ex. another Journal of Siege, 57; Steding, Baron de, 174. Letter, giving an Account Steel, John, 143. of, 80, 82; burlefque Let- Stephens, Mr., 134. ter concerning, 96; Reafons Stevens's Account of the Af- of Failure of Allies at, 99; fault at Savannah, 41 ; Re- Journal of Sir James Wal- view of Siege, 47. lace, 102; Correfpondence Stratagem of Col. White, 151. relative to Surrender, 127; Stone, 170. Capt. Henry's Account of Stuart, Captain, 59. Siege of, 134 ; Gen. Lin- Summons of D'Eftaing to fur- coin's Account of Siege of, render, 89, 161, 162. 149; American Account of, 157. npALLEMACH, Captain, Savannah River, a Frontier, 17; 39. Savannah, Ship, 27, 32, 58; Tanar, Captain, 147. burnt, 65. Tattnall's Plantation, 11, 12, Scott, General, 102, 104. 159, 60. Secret Proceedings of Congrefs, Tawfe, Lieut. Thomas, killed, 149. ^ _ 39, 43, 73, 81, 148. Shakefpearc's Prince, quoted, Teft't, J. K., 60. 119. Tempeftuous Weather, 21, 22, Shaw, Captain, 50. 48, 174. Sheldon, Gen. Lincoln retires Thankfgiving, Burlefque of, to, 18. 109. Shepherd, Captain, 146. Thompfon, Mrs., 35. Sheriff, Major, 52. Thompfon's Regiment, 11. Simpfon, Capt. John, killed, Thornton, Colonel, 170. 37, 148. Three Friends, Brig, 17, 50. Skinner's Battalion, 60. Thunderbolt. 34. Smith, Captain, 147. Thunderer, Galley, 32, 67, Snake, Half-galley, 143. 68, 69. Sortie, 66, 173. Tonant, Ship, 94, 145. Soundings, 57, 60. Trade opened with Georgia, South Channel, 60. 114. Southern Colonies not invaded Triumph, Ship, 94. in the early Part of the Trolong du Remain, 175. War, 5. Truce afked, 48, 130; granted. Sphinx, Ship, 26, 94, 145. 131. Spring Battery, 39, 41, 42, Truite, Frigate, 34, 44, 52, 95, 162, 166, 167, 168. 173. Index. 187 Trumbull, Colonel, 14. Truftee's Garden, 33. Two Sifters, 46. Tybee, 8, 26, 27, 46, 47, 58, 59,60, 135, 136, 143, 159. Tybee Fort, 58; abandoned and burnt, 59. Tybee Light-houfe, 57, 58. T JNIONIfland, 171. T/'AILLANT, Ship, 54, 94, 144. Vengeur, Ship, 94, 144. Venus, Tranfport, 32 ; burnt, 65. Verfes on Death of Col. Mait- land, 112. Veflels funk in Savannah River, 20, 65. Vigilant, Ship, 31, 50, 134, 136, 143. Viper, Galley, 143. Vleland, Lieutenant, 147. Volunteer Chaffeurs, 173. VyALKER, Lieutenant, 147. Wallace, Captain, 39. Wallace, Sir James, 52, 102, 104, 139. Wallace, Lieut. James, 43. Wall's Cut, 137. Walfh, 172. Walton, Col. George, 14. Wandel, Lieutenant, 147. Warren, Captain, 147. Wafhington, General, Letter to, noticed, 149; inftrufted to aft with the French, 49. Waftaw, 27. Wellworth Regiment, 11. Weft Indies, 98. White, John, Exploit of, 151, 152. White Vefter Bank, 58. Whitworth, Lieutenant, 56, 135- Wilkie, Lieutenant, 147. Williamfon, Gen. Andrew, 39, 146. Wilmington River, 8. Wife, Major, 146. Wiftenbach Regiment, 11, 59. Women and Children, Pro- teftion afked for, 92, 93. Woodford, General, 104. Wounded landed in Chefapeak Bay, 1 01. Wright, Sir James, 28, 35, 78, 102; Plantation of, 11, 12. Wright, Major, Corps of,- 59; Redoubt of, 37, 39. Y'AMACRAW, 69, 140, 162, 163, 168. yELE, Ship, 94, 144. '-^ Zubly, Rev. John J., 45. Zubly's Ferry, 22, 150, 152. 944-^fmi C. o5 -^.L <^ A- .s^-^- •"oo^ H -T, .r 't -' 1* 1 * " 4 \ K '^ '^ 1 \' ^-^ ^X, ' '^^. .#■ ., ' i^y'^'--A, f, >0 &. -oo^ -^^ v^^ j5 -^^ ^^ '^^^. ci- '' . ^_^ * •- . ' / ■-^- '' ^ r\- ^''\ \^ ■S^" vV 'c^ c\\ -^ (. ,t, -/'^ <^, .V Oo. .0 o. .,:> -^^K ->■ y -^ <^ S^ = ./ <^/ ■^ , ^ i> /, c '' ^ '. ■^^A / » \ ^cr. .^X^^ •f- .^^ ""^ ^.^^ -if. ' ■^^ % A^^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 011 800 797 9 m imm lii iili f WWft^i^^r