em ccouniind I Tweeds System of Farm Accountinj^ By Henry E. Tweed .-s:^ , IT"" '■'' Marshall Printing Company Publishers Seattle, Washington ~' A vV Sysl€>m o^ Rirm Aaountind COPYRIGHTED 1916 BY HENRY E. TWEED JUL 22 1916 'C!.A :;^l:.' The Use, the Simplicity of Tweeds System of Farm Accounting — Foreword IN PRESENTING Tweeds System of Farm Accountmg to the farmers we are convinced that it will be welcomed enthusiastically because of its sim- plicity. It is well known among agriculturalists in practical life and in educational work that a system of Farm Accounting is sorely needed at the present time. Although many educators and practical farmers have endeavored to devise a system of bookkeeping for the farmer, they have failed because when such has been presented it has been complicated, technical and totally incompre- hensible to the average farmer. It is true that some of the early attempts at farm accounting have been comprehensible but failed because it required too much valuable time in the entering of the different accounts. Tweeds System of Farm Accounting has met the objections by being extremely simple; simple in construction; simple in technique and easily learned and kept. In fact simplicity will be recognized throughout every phase of the system. Tweeds System of Farm Accounting is the result of exhaustive study ; hard work with actual problems; and extensive tests to determine the practibility of the system. The author of this system received his early training on a general diversified farm, with later experience in the management of a large orchard. He has come in contact with many men on the farm, in their homes and the different fairs and apple shows where he has been judge of exhibits on several occasions. It was the author's detailed collection and selection of apples that helped Brewester Flats to win the World Sweepstake Prize at San Francisco. In addition to much practical experience the author has had training in Agri- culture and Horticulture at Cornell University and has a degree of science from Washington State College. While in practical work and when receiving training in college he conceived the idea of preparing a system of farm accounting for his masters thesis, that would be simple, yet with sufficient detail and compre- hensive enough to fill the wanted need of every farmer. \ ou are not experimenting when you purchase Tweeds System of Farm Accounting. The system has passed the experimental stage. It is in use on hundreds of farms and before many years it will be used universally. You need it as much as you need your plow, your harrow or your stock. Know where you stand. Discard unprofitable branches of your farm business. 4 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCONTING Farming Today is a Specialized Business It is the work of brains that pays the money. Look at the business men around the country. What would they have if they helped in the process of making every article they sell? Is it not more profitable for them to plan and study their busmess? To do this they must have an exact knowledge of their business. They must know in detail the cost of materials they sell. With their knowledge of details they are able to reduce then- cost and increase then- profits. Now, at this time and age you are m the same position as the business man. Can you tell in detail like the business man the cost of producing a box of apples, bushel of wheat or a pound of pork? Do you know that you are raising apples as cheaply as they can be raised? What would it be worth to you to know these facts? Tweeds System ol Farm Accountmg will enable you to stop the money- wasting-leaks on your farm. It will tell you where these leaks are. how they can be stopped, and what you can raise to the best advantage. If you are losing money on certain kinds of fruit, or even varieties. Tweeds System of Farm Accounting will point it out. If hogs or corn are unprofitable on your larm you will know it. If your hired man is overworking one team and the other is costing you money for its keep you will know it. When you have this system you will not be guessing yoursel! into poverty or deluding yourself into a mortgage. ^ our knowledge obtained at a minimum effort on your part, will enable you to dispense with every implement you do not need, to sell off every animal that does not earn a profit, to grub out trees that are costing you money for each box you raise, to stop growing every crop that fails to bring you a lull return. When the County Assessor comes around, he can't inflate your values — you have your records, and can show him. With these records you can show the reasons why your taxes are high. If you have a fire, you know your exact loss, and can prove it to the Adjuster. Tweeds System of Farm Accounting is the biggest, most vital message of today to the farmer who wants to be successful. How to Increase Your Credit Power Today there is a widespread interest in Rural Credits. The United States government has spent much money investigating the systems of loaning money in other countries; many state governments are much concerned about rural credits; learned college men in all walks of lile are thinking about it; and every ccllege in the United States has endeavored to solve the problem of rural credits. A great stride toward the solution of this problem would be made if the TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOITNTING 5 farmer himself would establish his farm business upon a scientific basis, just as his brother merchant. If the farmer can ascertain to a certainty the crops that are paying and those that are not paying he would limit to a great extent the risk the banker must take in loaning him money. Tweeds System of Farm Accounting will enable you to show your banker just how you stand financially. The banker will have something tangible on which to base his loans. Thus vou increase Xwur borro'iving ponder. GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY Traffic Department Seattle, Wash., March 16, 1916. Mr. Henry E. Tweed, Washington State College, Pullman, Washington. Dear Mr. Tweed: Your letter of the 8 inst., with copy of your own system of farm accounting received, and after looking it over I passed it to Mr. Costello, assistant traffic manager, also to Judge F. E. Brown, our attorney, as they have an orchard in the Wenatchee Valley. Both Judge Brown and Mr. E. C. Leedy, general immigration agent. Great Northern Railway, found it very interesting and asked for copies of the system to use in connection with their orchards. It would be a fine thing if every farm could keep a system of accounts and have them all uniform. It would be of great value in many ways. This is the only attempt of the kind that has ever been made in the Northwest to standardize farm accounts. ^ ou are certainly to be congratulated upon having evolved such a comprehen- sive accounting system, and it is to be hoped that it will be generally adopted. Thanking you for having remembered me with the copy, and wishing you continued success, I remain. Yours truly, F. W. Graham. fwg-b System Simple and Comprehensive Easy to Learn The users of the Tweed System of Farm Accounting invariably comment on the simplicity of keeping cost accounts. The ascertaining of the distribution of labor for horses or men can hardly be estimated. Often men of intelligence are paying time and money for the privilege of working. Other men think the farm is losing them money when the farm is not 6 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING responsible for the leak. Would you like to know where some of the leaks are In your own business? The form illustrated below offers a suggestion how to trace the work of the hired man or team that is causing the leak. Less than two minutes will be enough time spent on this System for the ordinary farmer when in actual operation. Many farmers have the work done by a boy or girl of the family. This not only has the advantage of distributing the labor, but it proves a most potent means of arousing the interest of the son or daughter in the iarm problems. Tlpe^bJ^m f^AN OR HORSE MONTHLY LABOR SHEET no "". ^ Timeof 7?ojiy Qannor? from Oct 7 __ 19/6 to_yl/ov- / IE 3/ Lh inclusive XIVSS or Z.ABOB • = 3 ' = e ' = = ,0 ■■ ■. n » ■= .6 >, .. „ » », ,, »3 ., .s « =, „ « 30 3. TO.., H... x»o»., Pruriiiii^ 7.T«' « Brusli iliiriiiiii; u Tree ran- 10 /o ? ifrt ? rultivall..E \ IrrtKatliiK arnl Did lung Fertillzinir ■ ThinnlnK ■J Maimn.Ti.'nl IQ / s /6 A- po 1 . . , 1 - t Haul h, an.l Kruni T.,wn f (f 7, 7,T Mat,,,.; Hoxes 7 7 r-'' S Haul Ici and From nr. Iianl i ,'! rv O p„|j;|,^. in /o 50 - Sorlmi; 10 10 10 10 /O 10 /o ' oo I Waihiic (.11 Pa.kiTs T /p '0 /o ^f (< r^" N-ailHiL- an.l Slammnc ,V s / If ,.„„, rov.-ni.-i.ts BuinLnc 5 .f — ^ X.f Alfalfa m 2 i > A fi K,.- r lilock !• M B ,,.,., i J, laLiia Zff £4£ oo_ THE STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON. Pullman, Washington. Dep.artmilnt of Horticulture. April 6th, 1916. Mr. Henry E. Tweed, Wenatchee, Wash. My dear Mr. Tweed: I am in receipt of your letter of the date of Mar. 31st and was glad to hear from you. I have examined your system of farm accounts for the fruit grower and find much to commend in it It is simple, anyone could understand it, and still supplies the grower with the imformation necessary to determine his financial situation. I would specially mention the plan of printing TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 7 in the various items. Though this must add to the cost of the blanks this is far over balanced by the saving of the time of the bookkeeper. In my estimation the keeping of such a set of records by the fruit growers of the state would be a powerful influence toward better business habits and consequently larger profits. ^ ours very truly, R. J. Barnett, Professor of Pomology. Points Out the Cost of Materials and Labor in Segregated Form— Shows You the Actual Income of Each Kind of Fruit, Crop, or Product Form 2 is a simple form for tabulating expenditures under four main divisions segregated into thirty-four named headings. This form will show the different kinds of material purchased, the amount paid for each article, etc. Besides, the same form will show the amount of cash paid out at the end of each month or year, and the amount you owe at the end of the month or year. This form is like the remaining forms of the system in that it does not take any knowledge of bookkeeping to keep accurate cost accounts. Form 3, illustrates an easy method of keeping accurate accounts of all sales made during the month or year. This form is divided into four main divisions and subdivided into thirty-four named columns. At a glance you can tell the amount you received for hay, livestock, etc. Besides it tells you the amount of money due and the name of the one who owes you the money. Forms 1 , 2 and 3 are the only forms to keep during the busy season. If you will spend one minute per day on form I and five or ten minutes on forms 2 and 3 at the end of the month you will have segregated records to determine the costs of producing a box of apples, your increase or decrease of capital at the end of the year, and the productive value of real estate per acre. In other words, the borrowing value of your land. Forms 4 and 5 are convenient forms for the larger farms, especially if the owner does not live on the farm it will help him to analyze the monthly or yearly expenditures of labor. These forms will tell you in detail the amount of expenses incurred during the month or year, and a system of keeping accurate check account with the bank. Besides it gives you a form of keeping a debit and credit account. Wenatchee, Wash., April 21, 1916. Mr. Fienry E. Tweed, Pullman, Washington. Dear Sir: I have been using your system of farm accounts for several months and I would like to have you know how much I appreciate the thoroughness and sim- plicity of it. As a superintendent for a large orchard for a distant owner I find 8 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING it invaluable in its method of accounting for all expenses incurred for labor, equipment, supplies, etc. Its loose-leaf feature is certainly a big help and a money saver. Any time that I can be of service in recommending this system do not hesitate as I consider it the very best method of showing just where profits are made and where losses are entailed and any leaks in the different departments of the work. Sincerely, E. J. Nelson, Supl. Underwood Orchard Company. Ease of Determining the Value of Machinery, Livestock, Buildings, Tools, Etc. Form 6 is a simple method of tabulating the value of house, barn, packing shed, etc., when the general inventory is taken ol the farm. Points out the in- crease or decrease in live stock, buildings, implements, etc. Tells the amount of capital you have the first of the year and end of the year. The amount of increase or decrease is indicated in a simple way. Form 7 is a convenient form m making accurate record ol the number, rate, and total value of all farm implements. It indicates the increase in value of young livestock or the decrease of old animals, and the number purchased and sold. In other words, this form will show whether you are making or losing money without the use of cash. "Preparedness' ■nue. avp- lock. his; :. 1 21 'ihls. I; F, K. WO. Do you realize that it will be only a short time before the farmers will re- j ^^^^^ ceive the benefits of RURAL I ::?:-■' CREDITS? Do you realize RURAL CREDITS ADOPTED. Menj^Tire liMtabliKht-B Twelve Ked- erul Farm Ijoan Bankn, WAPHiNdTOK, .Tune 27— A conference report on the rurHl credits hill was Adopted hy the house today. 31" to 12. Tt now goes hack to the .senate and then tc^ President Wilson. The nicasine establishes twelve federal f.irin loan tiank.s, to be orierated under the .super- vision of a fed'^ral farm loan txiard of five members, Including the secretary of the treas- ury. Each li.-mk will have a minimum cap- ital ."itock of^ ;750,iXlO. of which the government may subscribe a jiart if necessary to complete subscriptions. Tlie minim.um amount of roortgrnp* loans Is Mortii.apes may run froni five to forty years. Tyians niav not cxeecd ,'.0 per cent, of the value of the land Itndium In White ]»Ietal, rUtdiuni is a metal and Is d-esi ribed a.s )■ ' "•^ a ^vhifo metallic lu.sttv "' h.- '^■ $1.2'; d. in order to gain the benefit of Goose . ° Grap> borrowing money at a low Hone rate of interest on a long time l^.w^pi loan that you must prepare Feani your financial accounts to rine Plum show the federal banks or Tiasp units the amount of money you are making on diiterent crops and the amount of labor and money expended in producing those crops. Ask yourself this question, "Why can the merchant and other lines of business be able to borrow money at the present time at a lower rate of interest than the farmer?" Watf A spa cubes $1 00. Bell 35c p Bee I'ab new. TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 9 Because the merchant or manufacturer can show the banker a financial statement based on the cost of doing business. Points Out the Losing Crop— Shows You the Money-Making Crop— Gives You the Productive Value CROPS FOR YEAR OF_/i/uL rnoi's YIELD FAHM SALES Productio n Costa 1 NET PROFIT KInJ ACAPS «~.c„. T.TAt AA.OU/.7- ^.?.ce [ V.1.P6 Total p.r 1 T... .1 1 P-r '"om 1 1 4 :« S — rorn for Silage 1 PotatoeB / ! rob" 50 I.OQ 30.00 1 Field BeauB ! Roots, hin-l 1 1 ■WTieat 1 Oafs Barley 1 Rye Straw Seeds 1 Hay Alfalfa 5 4 xo Berries Apples t4-i 4oo f>ooo .%^So /.oo 5,7i0. 3,5^(3 .60 23l Stock Proiiucts (Form U) $ ji '*" Miscellaneous (Form 6) $ o O Increase in Capital (Fond C) $ 7 6 Total Receipts EXPENSES Cash Farm Expenses (Form 8) $_^,/^ih> Si-lZ ixk^ i?,.U L-^^ 'il.Of /« 6* 13. hi ■H^a ■ 04 ol ! oi ,oJ^ .04- .0/ .01 .6oi .03 ./OS 01 .34- ^f oo 11.00 SS.OO SS-Ool Ifii.oo 11.00 S.50 , :ii.oo ns.or jJ.oi^__ JS^CLO / •— ' o4- ■ OS .os'. .ot .01 1 01 oo5' .0?. .lOi' ,01 .?.i , 1 1 : J , 11.. io /2.60 l(,.00\ /Z^o 3.Z0 3.Z0 l.bo j <^.l>o 33.bo 3.X0 nx.oo .01 ,04, .O.f n* .0/ : 0/ .oos\ .1,.^ ''■ .105 .01 ■ 3S Total fTJa P«r Sor .04 .OS ■ 04- .01 ■0/ oos 03 ./OS ,0/ ■ dS Growing and Overhead -^J■ TOTAL .60 Wenatchee, Wash., April 21, 1916. Mr. Henry E. Tweed, Pullman, Washington. Dear Sn: We have carefully examined your loose leaf system for orchard accountmg. 12 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING in fact we use it on our own ranch, and believe it is a great boon to fruit growers. We take pleasure in recommendmg it to orchardists of the Northwest. Very truly yours, WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY, W. S. Trimble, Editor. Enables You to Select the Varieties Best Suited to Your Farm Form 1 tells what varieties of fruit are losing you money. In other words it points out the "star boarders," the kind that lose you money on every box you grow and harvest. This form shows in a tabulated manner the actual number of boxes of fruit produced and the average returns made on each grade and variety. It presents methods of determining the percentage of the grades, etc. Did you ever consider the value of determining an estimate of your fruit crop a few months before the harvest? Fruit organizations and others are spending time and money in collecting this imformation. By keeping this record you can assist co-operative organizations and thereby lower the overhead costs. North ^'akima. Wash., April 10, 1916. Mr. Henry E. Tweed, Pullman, Washington. Dear Sir: I wish to compliment you on your work. Any system of accounting which I can understand, and which is as plain and as thorough as the one which you have sent, is certainly a good one, and it seems to me that it would be a great advantage to the growers if they would follow an accounting system of this kind, keeping track of the different varieties, and the different operations in the orchard. If this was done, there would be fewer varieties for the Sales Departments ol the different organizations to worry about, because of the fact that a great many of the poor paying varieties would be taken out. Thanking you lor remembering to send me a copy of your system. Yours truly, YAKIMA WASHINGTON FRUIT GROWERS' ASS'N., C. L. FIamilton, c.l.h.-k. Manager Field Dept. Enc. Gives You Accurate Information— Makes You An Authority Form 1 1 is a simple form of collecting valuable information on spraying. Did you ever consider the value of knowing the actual cause of high percentage of worms in your orchard? Do you sometimes think that it is due to the time TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 13 of application, the kind of materials used, the mixture of spray materials or your method of application? This record is easy to keep and it will assist in giving you accurate m- formation that will be authentic. Wells & W^de Wenatohee. Wash. April ?.\ , 191", Hr . Henry Tweed. Wenatchee, Wash. Hy dear Tweed; I know t-hat you will feel very much gratified with the reception your accounting system is meeting among the most progressive fruit grov/ers of this district. Of the twenty- five copies our firm toolc over frora you, we have only two left. The twenty-three copies nave been put out with the largest growers in the district, among whom are the Wenatchee Apple Land Co., a 400-acre orchard; "Jf. K. Starks )>c son of Peshastin, a 120-acre orchard, the Big K Orchard CO. in our valley, owned by Kiesling Bros, of Spokane, and others. Without exception, everyone of the owners or managers have told us personally or by letter that the accounting system was the most complete, as well as being 60 simple that anyone could keep up the records, that th.ey had ever seen, and they have all asked ub for additional labor sheets. I am using the system on both my orchards up- river and the system is working out splendidly. I feel that your accounting system is going to enable me to leeaen my costs of production quite materially and at the same time will give me the information that I have always wanted, of knowing what each item of growing costs actually does cost. I believe that you have completed a work that is going to be recognized in fruit districts, for the reason that it will bring to the grower positive intelligence, where heretofore they have been guessing at their costs of produc ti on. I cannot speak in too high terras of your work and want to compliment you on getting up such a simple yet comnlete farm accounting system. That there will be a rapidly increasing demand for the system is, in i:iy judgment. noT/ already assured. azw/gg Yours very truly. Form 11 A, a picking record sheet. Did you ever have any difficulty in gettmg returns on your fruit due to breaking down in condition in storage or in transit. This form explains how to get accurate information as to the date of picking, time kept in orchard and the time kept in home packing shed, of each variety. This information is tabulated when you are segregating the number of hours spent working on the different harvesting operations. With this 14 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING information, if your fruit was harvested in good condition, you will not be held financially responsible for the poor condition of your fruit. Form 1 2 illustrates a plan of keeping a plot of the farm, showing the different fields, crops, kinds of fruits, pipe lines, drain tile, etc. UMTKl) STATES DEPOSITAHY ESTABLISHED 188 2 Thos h Brewer, pres.den. MA PmEI PS,V.CE«IF5i'i6r.T AW Ll M DS A". . '. . C [ =>•! 5 7 E ■. ■ J J Rouse, cashieo Joseph Baily, a^st casmie^ Jiuie 20, ISl'^ . Mr. Henry Ji. Vweed, V.e'^atc'tiee, ..asn Dear 3ir:- I havt just examined your cost accu'ontiue system for use on the farm and wish to congratulate you on the very comprehensive form which yoa have prepared and the simjjlicity of the system. 1 am sure that if farmers could be induced to use this system they Tjould be much better off than at present aiii h::ve soir.u idea • f expenses au.d receipts and tiie cost of raising: the difi'erent croys, I hope that this syster: '.vill be largely used tliroughout this country. Yours truly, chb/r. preside tit STATE OF WASHINGTON Defartmlnt of Agricultl're Olympia, Washington, March 9, 1916. Mr. Henry E. 1 weed, I am in receipt of the copy of your System which you so kindly mailed to me. I was interested in the talk you made before the State Horticultural Association meeting along this line, at the Spokane meeting, and am very glad TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTIG 15 indeed that >ou have sent me this copy showing your system of orchard accounting. In this, it seems to me, you have worked up a very accurate system of accounting, and I only hope that your system will be given publicity, in such a way that fruit growers generally will adopt this as a proper system of keeping account of their expenses, receipts, and other orchard details. I am satisfied that if a great many of our orchardists had kept such a record during the past two or three seasons, that they would now be able to profit by many mistakes which only such a complete system of accounting will disclose. With best wishes to you, and again thanking you for sending me a copy, I am \ ours very truly, T. O. Morrison, Asst. Com., Agriculture, In charge, Div. of Horticulture, i.o.m.-l.r.a. ■Statr (Collryr of lHashtnuton PULLMAN WASHINGTON Orpactinrnt of Ajjctrullurr GEORGE SEVERANCE head june _9,lyl6. Mr. Henry iWeed, c/o Marshall Print 'ng Pacific Block, Seattlo, Wash. lear Mr. Tv/eed,- I hive exa;:iined your loose-leaf record foi-ms q-iite carefully and nelieve fr.at they are the uest auart- 6d system of record forms for fam use thst are to be found u"oon the rn^rket at present. They ^re so simple that any .-nan intelligent enouph to operate a faim suc- cessfully can keep tne records -.vith a very small ex- nenditure of time. The;- are sufficiently complete to enable one to drav; of:' and segregate a large amount of useful data regarding the rrodaction costs in various branches heing operated on a given farm. Your plane of adapting these funns to the different tyr;es of faniing, makes your system the most widely useful system of any that 1 have eraniined. A set of your forms should be in use on every farm. I vish to conRratulate you upon the excellence of your work in developing this accounting system. sincerely yours. 7 -g^ ■ GS/ACS. " 'HE/ID DEPT.Oi^ AGi-J .ULTUH?: 16 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING The cover or binder for Tweeds System of Farm Accounting is made to witiistand hard usage. It is covered with the best grade of canvas, the binder rings are fastened to the cover by a patented tongued metal reinforcing strip which adds strength without mcreasing bulk. The same workmanship and quahty is given in this cover as in our best leather covered cases. f5p«^ PRICES Tweeds System of Farm Accountmg, with complete set of forms for one year's business. Book of Instructions, and Canvas Covered Binder $ 6.00 Tweeds System ol Farm Accounting, with complete set of forms for one year's business, Book of Instructions, Leather and Cloth Binder $ 7.50 Tweeds System of Farm Accounting, with complete set of forms for one year's business. Book of Instructions, and Limp Leather Binder $10.00 Tweeils SystHin ol' l-'aini Aci-iuintin:-; is iiiiulc up in t w i > si-ts; mc lianl .'n-c-i mil I in .;. incluiling- small I'ruils, .L;ai(Nii tiule fiu a f.Hdni;.- HI- l)usiness huusi' tci install ;i cnst s.\-slrni t'nr U-ss than :fL!r..(Hi, and in a maj<.iril\- ..t' instanei's the cust iiins into Tlic hundreds. V(ju ai-e L;eltiMi; a sxstem of oiisl lindiuL;. .sinipiilied fur the e(in\enienee cd' a l)us.\- mair > ei enahlini; > i m to ilnd the ccist id' inndtn-tiim aeeur,itel\- \'nr (me-tifth the |iriei- <<]' the l(p\vest pi iced re.uular standard svstems. and l'i>r Miie-lenth llie ]iriee n f ei irresin mdenef^ sel Is in farm l...cdU-stem is self-expla natnr\-. simi'le and cmiiplete, and above all, economical. Date .-- Marshall Printing Co., Publishers, Pacific Building, Seattle, Wash. Gentlemen : Enclosed find (check, money order or draft) of ($ ) for complete set of Tweeds System ot Farm Accounting, all mailing charges prepaid. Kind of Farm Name Kind of Binding; Address . LiBRftRY OF CONGRESS -KJ^^V^ Publishers •^^/?J^ System Pacific Building, Seattle, Washington