Copyright}! . COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT; THE AUTHOR. THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL History OF THE Southern University 1856-1906 By Dante/ P. Christenberry GREKNSBORO, ALA.: D. P. Christenberr} T , Publisher 1908 ^ Copyright 1908 BY DANIEL P. CHKISTKNBERRY Printed by fttje paragon $regg Montgomery LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two OoDies Received MAY 6 1809 CUSS (1_ Wta No. To My &lma Jflater A Tribute. It requires great wisdom and industry to advance a considerable estate, much art and contrivance and pains to raise a great and regular building; but the greatest and no- blest work in the world, and an effect of the greatest prudence and care, is to rear and build up a man, and to form and fashion him to piety and justice, and temperance, and all kinds of honest and worthy action. — Tillotson. PREFACE The sources, for the most part, consulted in the prepa- ration of this sketch were : The minutes of the trustees from the time of chartering ; the minutes of the Alabama, Mobile, and Montgomery Conferences ; the minutes of the faculty ; the Alumni minutes ; Fraternity and Literary So- ciety minutes ; the Semi-Centennial issue of the Southern University "Review and Bulletin" April 15, 1906, F. M. Dominick, Editor; Anson West's History of Methodism in Alabama; McTyeire's History of Methodism; Irby's History of Randolph-Macon College; Jones's History of Methodism in Mississippi; the Memorial Record of Ala- bama ; the Journal of the General Assembly of Alabama ; Conversations with Rev. J. M. Patton, Rev. E. M. Tur- ner, R. H. Jackson, Col. Geo. Erwin, Col. L. J. Lawson, Dr. S. M. Hosmer, and other persons living and taking part in the events recorded. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Messrs W. E. W. Yerby and E. S. Jack in preparing this for press, and F. M. Dominick, J. H. Williams, and C. D. Daniels for valuable contributions. A few articles are included with the authors' names. I wish to express my appreciation to the Alumni Asso- ciation and to the Faculty for the honor conferred upon me by their joint action in appointing me historian for this, our Semi-Centennial Occasion. I assure you, that while the work has been laborious, it has been pleasant — a labor of love. I am not the first to be asked to write the history. Several were appointed to write it for An- son West's "History of Methodism in Alabama." But all who have read the short sketch therein, know that it is not from one who was in close touch and sympathy with the Institution. Some colleges celebrate the chartering; some the lay- ing of the corner-stone; some the opening; and some the first commencement. Most of them, however, celebrate the occasion we are now celebrating — the year of char- tering. Until very recent times all education was religious, and under the control of the priesthood. Secular education — so called — is a modern product — an American product — not having passed through the experimental stage. In all history, France and America are about the only ex- amples of the divorcement of education and religion. The Revolution was the result in France. Virtually all Asia and Europe still cling to the idea that religious instruc- tion, is the essential part of education. Judging by the amount of blood and treasure — I do not speak ironically 10 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY — spent in America for the founding of schools and col- leges under religious auspices, the conviction is still strong among us. Both Yale and Harvard, now decidedly non-sectarian, if not non-religious, were founded by clergymen avowedly in the interest of the church. So it was with most of the colleges past, as well as of those present. About two- thirds of the colleges of America are denominational. In the South, according to Henry Nelson Snyder, Presi- dent of Wofford College, S. C, there are $7,213,962 more invested in denominational colleges and their equipment than in those of the State. Of forty-eight per cent of these colleges, as tabulated by the Educational Board, fifteen are marked "State attitude unfriendly." This leads us to seek the genius and spirit that prompt the founding of schools owned by the church. The differ- ence in the aims of secular and religious schools may be seen by a comparison of their charters. "Lands are appropriated," says the first charter of Alabama, referring to the founding of the State Univer- sity, "for the support of a Seminary of learning for the promotion of arts, literature, and sciences." Legally no attention must be given to morals and religion. In the charter of the Southern University, which, also, is a part of the Constitution of Alabama, are these words : "The Alabama Conference has resolved to establish an institu- tion of learning for the promotion of literature, science, morality and religion" Further distinctive reasons are given for the existence of religious schools in the reports adopted by the Alabama Conference at its various sessions. We quote:— "Its (S. U.) main object is to set God, His attributes, and government before the minds of our edu- cated young men and fill them with the Spirit of Jesus Christ." "The cultivation of the intellect, apart from the moral and spiritual, is not an end to be desired." "The OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 11 Christian College is the bulwark of the Christian Church." (A. S. Andrews Chairman of Ed. Com., 1859.) "The education which the state gives by its constitu- tion is necessarily non-religious." "Rationalism, evolu- tion, nondescript scepticism are being widely disseminat- ed in various forms." "To counteract this influence is our imperative duty." (G. M. Sellers, Chr. Ed. Com. 1900-01.) If these were the only reasons for denominational schools, all churches might unite on certain institutions and be able to enjoy the advantages found in well-en- dowed secular institutions with their great and renown- ed faculties, libraries, and costly equipments; but these are not the only reasons. They exist not only to inculcate the universal principles of religion, but also to emphasize some definite phase of truth and faith. This idea is borne out in the report written by Dr. A. S. Andrews and adopt- ed by the Conference in 1876: — "If we would succeed as we ought, we must retain our family likeness, and preserve our peculiar faith and prac- tice. We must preach them around our firesides, through our publications, and in our institutions of learning. In all these, and everywhere we should have one faith, one standard of experience, and one line of duty. To do this we must stand together. The church that does not fur- nish educational advantages to its children, will in a few generations be a thing of the past." Dr. A. H. Mitchell in the sermon, 1855, that inaugurated the movement to establish a Conference College, protested that his people should not be fed on "the husks of Calvinism." These words seem harsh to us of today, yet is not such a senti- ment still alive? The Presbyterians are taking up the gauntlet at Anniston to guard their people against the "husks of Armenianism." None believe more in denominational schools than the Methodists. Since the founding of Kingswood by Wes- 12 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY ley, they have been foremost in the work. They were the first to found on American soil colleges, both male and female. (A. H. Mitchell.) Wesley proposed that his doctrine should live; and he organized societies and schools to fix it in the brains and DR. ARCHELUS H. MITCHELL. Born Clarke Co. Ga., 1807. Graduated University, Ga., 1828. President Centenary Male and Female Institute, Summer- field, Ala., 1843-'5. Charter memher Board Trustees. Served on the Board and attended all the meetings until not long before his death at 97 years of age. He was one of the church's greatest champions of religious education. hearts of his people. This doctrine, as stated by Mc- Tyeire's History of Methodism, is as follows : — "The doc- trine of conscious conversion, and of a direct witness of the Spirit, testifying to the heart of the believer that he is the child of God." Rom. 8 :16. As expressed by Charles Wesley, — we have it: — ''No man can truly say that Jesus is the Lord, Unless thou take the veil away, and breathe the living Word. Then, only then, we feel our interest in His blood, And cry with joy unspeakable, Thou art my Lord, my God," OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 13 In other words the church in her schools would hold up to youth spiritual or eternal ideals as opposed to ma- terial or temporal. She would minify the money value of culture and talent and magnify the service value — service not for self, but for humanity. She would teach that acquisitiveness is an animal instinct, and should be curbed rather than cultivated — that the mind of man should find its greatest delights in things sweeter, richer, higher, and holier than ease, wealth, and honor. With- out these ideals the school under church control is worse than useless. In 1824 the General Conference adopted a resolution recommending that each conference establish a Seminary of learning under its regulations and patronage. This resolution helps to account for the long list of colleges dead and alive along the line of the Church's march. With the present population and rapid influx this resolution might be wisely carried out notwithstanding the popular cry for consolidation, confederation, and unwieldly com- bines. Five male colleges have been established by the Meth- odists of Alabama; LaGrange College, North Alabama; Florence Wesleyan University; East Alabama Male Col- lege; Southern University; and North Alabama Confer- ence College. Of these only one recognized by the Board remains as a college — the Southern University. Like- wise, of the seven female colleges, only one remains. Why these so called failures ? Let Dr. Wadsworth in his report, as chairman of the Board of Education, to the Conference in 1874, answer: — "In former years we stood in the front rank among the conferences of the Methodist Church in our regard for scientific, literary and religious education. Now we fall behind all them that have colleges. This is especially afflicting when we consider the many thousands of dol- lars collected from our people to establish and conduct institutions of learning. Our present embarrassments 14 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY cannot be ascribed to financial troubles, exclusively. We must conclude that Boards of Trustees have been unskill- ful in the management of this great interest, or that the preachers and people do not value as they ought, institu- tions of the highest grade. If we cannot produce a more lively interest among the preachers and people, we will be compelled to reduce all our colleges to the rank of high schools, or see them pass into the hands of other people, who can and will manage them more skillfully than we have done." The same sentiment is borne out by Rev. C. L. Chilton, Agent, 1891. He reported to the Confer- ence that while there was agitation about uniting or dis- uniting with the North Alabama Conference, "endow- ment money could not be secured." "The slightest sus- picion," he says, "of the perpetuity of the institution will turn away endowment money." Some may doubt the statement of Dr. Wadsworth that our Conference was among the foremost in its regard for education — but the statement is true. LaGrange College — near Florence, Alabama — organized by the Mississippi and Tennessee Conferences, was opened January 11, 1830, the first college in Alabama. It was opened one year be- fore the Alabama State University; two years before Ran- dolph-Macon, Virginia ; seven years before Emory & Hen- ry, Virginia; twenty- four years before Trinity College, North Carolina ; twenty-one years before Woff ord, S. C. ; and sixteen before Howard College, Ala. At the division of the Methodist Church it was one of the foremost in the United States. Robert Paine — afterwards Bishop — was its first President. The faculty were graduates of Yale, of the University of Virginia, and of the University of North Carolina. In 1851 it had two hundred and twenty- five students, $50,000 endowment, and several commodi- ous buildings. For twenty-five years it was the leading college of the South. Its graduates reached the govern- orship, the U. S. Senate, the Supreme Bench, the Bish- OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 15 opric, and the highest places as professors in the univer- sities of America. But the church must have a university. LaGrange was closed, and in its stead, rose near by, the "Florence Wesleyan University." This with two other Methodist Colleges was in course of time turned over to the State. The Florence Wesleyan became the State Normal School, and the East Alabama Male College, founded the same year as the Southern University, adopted at the same time by the same Conference, or by part of the same, passed into the hands of the State, and became the Poly- technic Institute at Auburn. The efforts to found Col- leges were no more failures, than were the early Churches, which went down, failures. Public sentiment was created for Christian education, and the self-sacri- ficing teachers were putting their stamp on the sturdy youth of the land. Let us not think that their loss, as Dr. Wadsworth says, was so much mismanagement as the sparseness of patronage, change of conditions, and the ambition for each locality to have a college. LaGrange College was in the Tennessee Conference. The Alabama Conference wanted a university. The time seemed opportune. The Church had none in the South, and this section at this time was, perhaps, the richest on the globe. The Southern planter had been educating his sons at Yale and Harvard. The "Ministerial Association of the Alabama Conference" sent candidates for the min- istry and preachers' sons to the Eastern Colleges and Uni- versities. ^ The South was able and anxious to found a great institution in her own borders, and this she under- took to do. For these times with her vast empires of cotton plantations, cultivated by millions of contented and well-trained slaves, it was no great undertaking, as the results will show. The movement which led to the founding of the South- ern University was begun at the twenty-third session of 16 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY the Alabama Conference, Talladega, Alabama, in 1854. The citizens of Auburn and vicinity presented a memo- rial, asking for the location of a college in the Alabama Conference. It was agreed that the location offering $100,000 in good subscriptions should have the prize. A commission, lay and clerical, was appointed to raise the funds and locate the college, and to report to the next Conference. Great enthusiasm was created by an educa- tional address made by Landon C. Garland and the ser- mon already referred to, by Dr. A. H. Mitchell. (The sermon is printed in the Conf. Minutes of that year.) The Commission reported at the next conference, which met at Eutaw, Alabama, 1855. Auburn offered $100,000. Greensboro, then in Greene County, offered $300,000, and J. W. Walton, L. Q. C. DeYampert and John Erwin were there to increase it if necessary. After a three days fierce debate, which engendered strife exist- ing to this day, the conference determined to locate the college at Greensboro (West). There was no railroad to Greensboro at that time. In fact, in those days our fath- ers invariably located their colleges remote from great thoroughfares and busy marts. "A towered city set within a wood, Far from the world upon a mountain crest ; There storms of life burst not, nor cares intrude ; There Learning dwells, and Peace is Wisdom's guest." They, in establishing LaGrange, Centenary at Summer- field, and the Southern University claimed that retired places were more favorable to the producing of solid scholarship and clean, strong character. Secular inter- ests and questions of convenience, presumably, prompt the location of them on railroads. Rev. C. C. Callaway was appointed agent to raise funds; Col. Jno. Erwin, Rev. L. Q. C. DeYampert and Rev. C. C. Callaway were appointed to secure a charter. The Conference recom- OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 17 mended that the institution be called 'The Southern Uni- versity." The institution is only a college now, but the name "University" clings to it as only a sentiment. Sev- eral times the Alumni Association has requested the trustees to change the name to college. The faculty also passed a resolution expressing the same desire. The Conference appointed as charter members the fol- lowing trustees: — Rev. Robt. Paine, Rev. Jas. 0. An- drew, Rev. Edward Wadsworth, Rev. Jefferson Hamilton, REV. C. C. CALLOWAY. DR> . R. BLUE. Agent Southern University He ^ fir l faV g red A " bl * rn as 1855-1862. Raised $300,- the s lte Seeing it impos- 000 and more for the ?. lble *° locate the institu- Southern University. tion there he led the ma- J jority to adopt Greensboro. He served long as Trustee and Agent. Rev. Thos. O. Summers, Rev. Archelus H. Mitchell, Rev. Thos. J. Roger, Rev. Christopher C. Callaway, Rev. Jo- seph H. Hutchinson, Rev. Joshua L. Heard, Rev. Philip P. Neely, Rev. Lucius Q. C. DeYampert, Rev. Henry W. Hilliard, Rev. Thos. J. Ramsey, Col. Jno. Erwin, Mr. Gideon E. Nelson, Mr. Robt. A. Baker, Mr. Thomas M. Johnston, Dr. Gaston Drake, Dr. Wm. T. Webb, Augus- 18 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY tus A. Coleman, Esq., Mr. Duke W. Goodman, and Mr. Jno. W. Walton. While we have not time to introduce in this sketch per- sonal history — we will stop long enough to say that only one of these is living, Judge A. A. Coleman, of Birming- ham, Ala., still presiding over his court with his usual ability. Dr. A. H. Mitchell, I am informed, attended every meeting of the Board till about 1894. He died a year or so ago, ninety-six years of age. JUDGE A. A. COLEMAN. Only living Charter member of Board of Trustees. L Q. C. DeYAMPERT. A Charter Trustee and one of the chief promoters and contributors. At the first meeting of the Board, March 17th, 1856, Col. Erwin, Chairman of the Board, presented the char- ter, a notable feature of which is that it prohibits the sale of liquor within five miles of the corporation limits. At one time the military force was invoked by the President, Dr. Smith, to enforce this article. The charter was ve- toed by Gov. Winston, because, he said, the general stat- ute should be so amended that it would not be necessary to encumber the records with pages of useless legislation OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 19 for the chartering of every school and corporation. All such legislation should be included under one general law. At this meeting $168,500 was reported as having been raised in three months' time from only two counties (Greene and Sumter.) Dr. Callaway reported that the people responded with enthusiasm everywhere. The charter subscribers are as follows, according to a list held by Dr. Lucius Webb: COL. JOHN ERWIN. First President of Board of Trustees, who secured the Charter. A liberal contributor. «- L. Q. C. DeYampert, $12,500.00; Jno. Nelson, $12,- 500.00; Jno. Erwin, $5,000.00; Jno. W. Walton, $5,- 000.00; Jno. H. Y. Webb, $2,000.00; R. S. Hunt, $1,- 000.00; A. C. Jones, $1,000.00; Sam'l Cowin, $1,000.00; W. T. Webb, $1,000.00; F. M. Peterson, $1,000.00; Gas- ton Drake, $1,000.00; I. R. Moore, $1,000.00; G. E. Nel- 20 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY son, $5,000.00; Syd Moore, $1,000.00; R. Seay, $2,000.00 W. E. Kennedy, $2,000.00; Sam'l Pickens, $500.00; R. G Hammel, $500.00; Jesse Hamilton, $250.00; Frank Perry $100.00; H. A. Sanborn, $100.00; D. D. Stockton, $500 W. R. Hardaway, $100.00; Jno. DuBois, $500.00; H. C Childress, $300.00; J. T. B. Cocke, $300.00; Samuel Webb $300.00; M. R. Lancaster, $100.00; H. B. Dugger $500.00; A. C. Hobson, $400.00; E. L. Hobson, $500.00 A. C. Baker, $200.00; J. C. Mitchell, $200.00; T. R Ward, $100.00; J. H. Pool, $100.00; Jas. Buchanan $100.00; R. U. DuBois, $200.00; Robt. Johnson, $100.00 R. Davis, $500.00; Lewis Lawson, $250.00; T. H. Wil- liamson, $150.00; Chas. Stewart, $100.00; W. A. Winn, $100.00; J. J. Melton, $100.00; A. J. Gibson, $250.00; D. Avery, $500.00; W. T. Hutchison, $1,000.00; A. John- son, $300.00; J. A. Tallman, $250.00; R. W. Moore, $2,- 000.00. We are informed of other long lists of contributors, but it seems that this is the only one now extant. Many large contributions have been made in the history of the institution, all record of which is lost or inaccessible. Bishop Soule and Bishop Andrew made valuable con- tributions in books. Bishop Paine gave 1,000 acres of land and more. Jno. W. S. Napier gave 5,780 acres of land. L. Q. C. DeYampert endowed a chair of Biblical literature at a cost of $25,000, and a marble tablet com- memorating the same is still in the library room. Col. Jno. Erwin gave a large tract of land. That the build- ing committee might proceed at once, Messrs. DeYam- pert, Nelson, Walton, W. R. Moore, H. R. Hamill and R. S. Hunt endorsed for them to the amount of $100,000; $6,400.00 was paid for the site. At the meeting of June 11th, 1857, the corner stone was laid with great cere- mony and military display. Col. Jas. McCaleb Wiley, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Alabama Masons, Bishops Paine, Andrew, and Pierce, and many other cs 58 PQ <3 £ .S 22 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY officials and a great concourse of people from adjoining counties were present. Col. Wiley and Bishop Pierce made addresses. The manuscript of Col. Wiley's Ma- sonic speech is preserved in the Southern University archives. President Wightman's inaugural address is preserved in the Alabama Beacon, March 2, 1860. At this meeting also Dr. Wadsworth, chairman of the A ^ § 1 § '£* Wk V 1 Sti j W \ ""■ ' 4 DR. EDWARD WADSWORTH. Born Newbern, N. C. 1881. A. B. Randolph-Macon 1841., D. D., Randolph-Macon and Emory Henry 1847. President La- Grange College 1846-1852. Prof. Eng. Nashville University 1853-1855. Prof. Moral Philosophy Southern University 1859-1871. Died in Greensboro 1883. committee, which had formerly been appointed to nomi- nate a faculty and prepare a course, made a report as to the course of study, etc., as follows : 1. Chair of Ancient Languages. 2. Chair of Moral Philosophy. 3. Chair of Mathematics. 4. Chair of Biblical Literature. 5. Chair of Modern Languages. 6. Chair of Law. 7. Chair of Natural Philosophy. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 23 The report reads further : "Elocution and Composition shall be taught through the whole course, and be under the direction of the Faculty, and no student shall be allowed to take any degree till he shall satisfy the Faculty of his capacity to write his own language with correct- ness." "Since it is the policy to pay equal salaries to the professors, and since some of the professorships are known to be more laborious than others, it shall be the duty of the professors to adopt a plan to equalize the labor by assisting one another.*' N. T. LUPTON, Prof. Chemistry, 1859-71. J. C. WIIXS, Prof. Mathematics, 1859-71. It has ever been the policy of the trustees to select men of broad and liberal education, rather than mere specialists. Several of the first Faculty filled other chairs. Dr. Landon C. Garland, professor in the State University, was first elected President. He declined, and a committee was appointed to secure a President and Faculty. However, at this meeting Dr. Lupton and Dr. Wadsworth were secured. Dr. Lupton was sent to Eu- rope to study methods at Berlin and other places, and 24 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY to purchase chemical apparatus to the amount of $2,000. Many other resolutions were passed, one of which was: "That the Faculty of the University shall hold their several offices subject to control of the Trustees, and neither the President nor any one of the professors shall be removed at any time except by a vote of two-thirds of the whole number of the Trustees composing the Board, and no professor shall be at liberty to resign without the leave of the Board, unless such resignation 1 \: *lL PROF. O. F. CASEY. Born Newberry, S. C, 1824. Graduated LaGrange College, Ala., 1849. Prof. Math, and afterward Prof. Ancient Languages in Alma Mater 1849-1859. Prof. Ancient Languages South- ern University 1859-1876. Died in Auburn, Ala., 1897. be made at the end of the session, and after at least three month's notice shall have been given in writing to the President of the Board." This rule has not always been observed. The college opened its doors October, 1859. Dr. An- drews, President of the Board of Education at the time, made the following report to the Alabama Conference OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 25 of 1859: "The Collegiate Department was inaugurated on the first Wednesday of October, in the presence of a large and delighted auditory. The officers elected by the Trustees were in attendance. Fifty students have ma- triculated. All assets amount to $320,000. Resolved, that the Alabama Conference fully endorse the proposi- tion of the Trustees of the Southern University to in- crease its assets to $500,000, for the purpose of making BISHOP WM M. WIGHTMAN, First President S. U. Born in Charleston, S. C., grad- uated in S. C. College. Prof. Lit. and Rhet. Randolph- Macon, President Wofford, Editor So Christian Advocate, President S. U. 1858-'68, Bishop 1866, died 1882. it a University indeed. Your committee recommends that visiting committees be appointed to make thorough examinations into the conditions of the institution and report to this body." Neither in the minutes of the Con- ference, nor in those of the Trustees is recorded the mem- bership of the Faculty for the various years, and there is no file of the catalogue earlier than from 1884. The minutes of the Faculty up to 1903 are lost, but by various means we find the Faculty for the first year as follows: 26 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Wm. M. Wightman, Biblical Literature; J. C. Wills, A. M., Mathematics; Thos. M. Lupton, A. M., Chemistry; Edward Wadsworth, A. M., Moral Philosophy; 0. F. Casey, A. M., Ancient Languages ; J. A. Reubelt, Hebrew and Modern Languages; Thos. A. Gatch was afterwards elected Professor of Mathematics. Professor Casey was the last of these to retire from the institution. Wonder- ful stories come down to us regarding the accurate and wide scholarship, deep piety and profound religious faith J. V. GLASS. B. M. HUEY. First Graduates of S. U., 1860. of these men. The old boys say that Professor Casey would repeat Virgil page by page for their amusement as well as for their delectation. It was said that French was natural to the tongue of Dr. Wightman. Professors Wills and Casey were great favorites with the students. Professor Reubelt, one of the most popular members among the boys, it seems, handed in his resignation on the instigation of Dr. Wadsworth, who detected views in morals and religion not in harmony with those of the Church. Only one other similar case, so far as this his- OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 27 torian knows, occurred in the history of the College,— that of Thos. 0. Summers. However, he was accepted at Vanderbilt, and went afterwards totally awry. T. D. Mitchell succeeded him. The first annual commencement was held July 4, 1860. Benj. M. Huey, formerly of Emory College, and Jas. V. Glass, of Pickens County, were the graduates. Huey died 1906; Mr. Glass, a business man of Birmingham, and B. M. Huey, an attorney of Marion, Ala. A record of the Alumni is being written by Professor C. P. Atkin- son, but I cannot refrain from saying that Col. Huey introduced the first bill in the Alabama Legislature, look- ing to the founding of a Woman's Industrial School in Alabama. Another Alumnus, J. D. Ellis, late of the Ala- bama Advocate, made the first public address favoring it, and it is but poetic justice— that four of our Alumni are ('96) connected with it,— Dr. F. M. Peterson, President; J. Alexander Moore, and Miss Minna Grote, Professors; and D. L. Wilkinson, College Physician. (Pardon this digression, but it would be much like writing the history of the good side of our State, and much of that of other States, to write the history of the Alumni.) The first graduate in a school was R. H. Jackson, Greensboro, Ala., graduate in Chemistry. The Degree of three schools was often conferred. The career of the Southern University was begun un- der most glowing prospects, but the war cloud burst upon it. Nothing less than a revolution occurred. Her history for the next fifteen years is the history of com- merce, agriculture, education, of the whole Southland,— a history of struggle for existence. The students, and some of the Faculty, notably Pro- fessor Gatch, after military drill, mildly condemned by the Trustees, left for the war. The large vacant rooms were hiding places for owls, bats, refugees, and deserters ; of the latter thrilling tales are told. At times no classes at 28 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY the opening could be formed, but there were a few stu- dents every year. The trustees met annually. The Fac- ulty held their positions, though teaching in other schools, and doing other work to supplement their income. At times the entire annual income of the College was hardly $1,000. A productive endowment of $200,000, before the war, had all been swept away, lands, houses, and notes, which, when given, were as good as gold. REV. JEFFERSON HAMILTON, D. D. Charter Trustee, Agent. Born 1805, Mass. Died at Opelika, 1874. When dying he said to his children: ''Stick to the church — I mean the Methodist Church — for this is the form of re- ligion which is to convert and save the world." Reconstruction was almost as hard as the period of war. In 1867, the agent, the Rev. Mr. Callaway, reported that $171,810.66 in notes was placed in his hands. Of this amount $4,683 was collected in cash, $16,000 was renewed, $40,000 was classed as possibly good and $75,- 000 as worthless. The magnificent endowment had been swept away, leaving the school a lot cf worthless paper which was carried upon the books for years. The build- ings were intact and free from debt. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 29 HAMILTON HALL. In 1867 Dr. Wightman was elected Bishop, but by the request of the Trustees he held on till arrangements could be made to fill his place. Drs. Wadsworth and Lup- ton acted as chairman till 1870, when Dr. A. S. Andrews was elected chancellor. The Departments of Law, Medicine and Theology were opened, but were of short duration. Drs. F. M. Peter- son, R. Inge, and T. 0. Summers taught in the Medical Department. Drs. Osborne, A. A. Coleman, Thos. Seay, and J. J. Garrett assisted in the Law School. There were several graduates in Theology and Medicine. Some com- pleted the Law Course, but none graduated. A. H. Moore, and Wm. Murrah — now President of Millsaps College — studied Law. F. M. Peterson took the Degree 30 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY of B. D. in Theology. Richie Briggs, it was said, could repeat Rawlston by heart. In the efforts to unite other Conferences, Dr. Jefferson Hamilton, chairman of the commission, reported to the Conference, "that the commission was unfortunately constituted, as some members were personally interested in one locality or another." During these dark days when the College was being sued for foreign debts, secured by mortgages on lands DR. LUTHER M. SMITH. Born Oglethorpe Co. Ga., 1826. Graduated at Emory College, Ga., 1848. President Emory, Chancellor So. University, 1875 until his death in Birmingham, 1879. and buildings, the Faculty unpaid, all the $200,000 en- dowment swept away, and the scholarships therewith connected, the main building seems to have been all that was saved from the wreck. Dr. Andrews twice urged his resignation before its acceptance. Dr. Luther M. Smith of Georgia, was then elected chancellor. He refused the position unless cer- tain guarantees of substantial support were made. $7,550 was due the Faculty. A compromise was urged, OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 31 T. D. MITCHELL, Prof Chemistry, 1874-76. J. S. HOPKINS. Prof. Science 1876-78. C. M. VERDEL, Prof. Science, 1876-81. 32 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY and all accepted it unconditionally, except Dr. J. S. Moore. The Trustees' minutes show the conditions. Dr. Smith agreed to take the position if allowed to select his own Faculty, the Trustees guaranteeing $25,000. The conditions were met. He was a man of means, but said if he had millions he would not give a dime unless the endowments were made inalienable. Ever afterwards F. M. PETERSON, M. D. President of Board of Trustees many years. A liberal contributor. By personal guarantees he saved the Institution more than once. this became the financial creed of the institution. Noth- ing was ever to bind the College property, but expenses for repairs. Thus the policy inaugurated by Dr. Smith, though it may have sacrificed the rights of individuals, it saved the institution. Under this policy the Faculty received at times little more than half their salary. Thus the Faculty, however well educated, have never been OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 33 able to do ideal work for the want of funds to keep them- selves supplied with standard and current literature, and to enjoy the advantages of travel, and contact with scholars at home and abroad. Dr. Smith demanded a payment of all debts and a complete rehabilitation. The Trustees appointed a committee consisting of F. M. Peterson, M. D., Madison Jones, and J. H. Y. Webb, to raise the required $25,000. This band of martyrs went out— it was not the first time the Trustees had DR. JNO. S. MOORE. Prof. Mathematics 1871-84. Acting as President part of the time. Had the In- stitution transferred to the Conference. DR. JOSIAH LEWIS. Prof. Emory College, Ga. Prof. Eng. Southern Uni- versity 1875-1880. Presi- dent S. U. 1880-1881. faced despair— and raised $20,000. Dr. Smith not yielding from his first proposition— the committeemen, who had already subscribed $300 each, endorsed for the rest, and the College was again on the way to pros- perity. While there are many worthy and liberal con- tributors connected with the history of the institution that cannot now be listed, yet none will complain of 34 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY partiality, if we mention the names of those who at this juncture saved a lost cause, and started the College on its upward course again. They are as follows: Dr. F. M. Peterson, D. J. Castleman, W. G. Miller, Jack Pow- ers, J. J. Peterson, Lawson & Son, W. H. Locke, B. Steinhart, Jno. S. Tucker, W. W. Jones, W. T. Black- ford, W. W. & E. A. Powers, H. J. Walker, W. R. Smaw, Ed Huclobse, Alice Royal, B. G. Abernathy, S. Robert- son, Chas. E. Waller, Jno. G. Harvey, A. A. Coleman, PROF. FRANCIS MARION PETERSON D. D. Boi-n Greensboro Ala. B. D. and A. M. S. U. 1874 Prof. Ancient Languig:s 1879-T9 Acting President S U. 1881-1883 again 1898-'99. President Girls' Industrial School 1899, until his death, 1907. PROF. C. A. GROTE. A. M. Southern University 1875. Prof. Science and Modern Languages S. U. 1876, until his death, 1894 Acting as President when there were no funds to pay one. S. W. Chadwick, Jno. H. Atkins, Jos. Atkins, Jno. At- kins, D. T. Webster, James M. Hobson, Jno. E. DuBois, J. N. Sledge, F. F. Hill, J. E. Webb, Jas. B. Coleman, A. M. Avery, H. A. Stollenwerck, W. H. Sanborn, T. B, Randolph, A. C. Jones, J. Hamilton, Wm. H. Lavender, OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 35 R. Inge. The records from the first shine with names like these. These subscriptions ranged from $10 to $300 each. Although at this time the assets of the College were $112,- 085, Dr. Smith said without this aid the University would have closed its doors. After the death of Dr. Smith, during the years 1880-83 Dr. Josiah Lewis, Professor of English, and Prof. F. M. Peterson, Professor of Ancient Languages, were acting DR. ALLEN S. ANDREWS Born Randolph Co. N. C, 1822. Graduated Trinity College N C President Greensboro Female College N. C 1850 ' Pr' M i' dent S. U. 1870-1874, 1883-1894. Died at Union Sprint l0i70. Presidents, except an interval in which Dr. J. S. Moore presided over the Faculty. By request of Dr. Moore the charter was so changed that the property, which had been in the hands of the Trustees, should be fee simple property of the Alabama Conference. Notwithstanding the heroic efforts of 36 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Professors Peterson and Grote, who for awhile were alone in 1883, affairs again became desperate. Suits were being pushed against the institution for heavy debts. Under the decree of the courts, Hamilton Hall, a boarding hall, and the President's house were sold, and JUDGE P. G. WOOD. President of Board of Trustees until his death. When funds were short he personally guaranteed the President's salary, and saved the life of the Institution in its last struggle between life and death. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 37 the institution cleared of debt. In this condition, by request of the Alumni Association, Dr. Andrews, who had tided it over in the dark days of the seventies, by the guarantee of Judge Wood, was again elected Presi- Prof. English and History, 1883-84. J. F. STURDIVANT. Prof. English, 1885-90. C. L. McCARTHA. Prof. English, 1890-92. 38 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY dent, and elected for a term of five years, the only time on record when such action was taken by the Board. The report to the Conference of 1883 states that a union had been effected between the Alabama and the North Alabama Conferences by the cession of one-half interest to the North Alabama Conference. Dr. An- drews accepted the position with the understanding that all the assets and funds should be in his hands, and that he should select his own Faculty, and be solely respon- sible to them for their salaries. His Faculty were: F. M. Peterson, Ancient Languages; C. A. Grote, Science and Modern Languages, and Book-keeping; J. A. Moore, Mathematics; L. C. Dickey, English Literature; Rosco W. C. McCOY. As Agent he raised thousands of dollars for endowment and buildings. McConnell, Assistant Professor of Ancient Languages. Professor McConnell was the only teacher in the his- tory of the College, so far as is known, not a church member. He was a high type of gentleman. He re- mained only a year or so. With Dr. Andrews as President and Dr. W. C. McCoy 40 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY DR. J. 0. KEENER. Many years a Trustee. President 1894 until his death, 1898. as Agent, the College made rapid growth in all lines. The buildings formerly owned and sold, if not the lands, were bought back, other buildings were erected and all repaired, and large amounts added to the endowment and equipment. The number of students reached the highest in its history, 235. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 41 On account of failing health, in 1894, Dr. Andrews resigned, and Dr. J. 0. Keener was then elected Presi- dent. He inaugurated a new financial policy — that of prorating the income between the President and the Faculty. Heretofore the President's salary was not definitely based upon income, as usually was the case with those of the Faculty. This does not mean that the Presidents always received their stipulated salaries. For example, at the close of Dr. Andrews' first year of his second administration, he had only received $200, and at other times it is recorded that he suffered loss with the Faculty. During most of the history the Col- lege Presidents' salary was fixed at $2,000, and that of the Professors $1,500, but rarely ever paid, in full. Under Dr. Keener the productive endowment was greatly increased, though there was a falling off in in- come by the withdrawal of the North Alabama Confer- ence in 1898. Yet at no time under his administration did the Faculty fail to receive their stipulated salaries. The stipulated salaries, however, were less than those formerly offered. The first record of salaries paid in full was made under his administration, due not only to his own good management, but undoubtedly to that of predecessors in his office, and the able Boards of Trus- tees, as well as to the general progress in the develop- ment of the State's resources. In 1902 Geo. M. Sellers reported as Chairman of the Conference Board a productive endowment of $35,000 and annual income of $10,000. All are familiar with the improvements in buildings and repairs made by Dr. Keener. He raised in Greens- boro at one time about $4,000. The new chapel is the product of his energy and taste. He gave credit to "Pro- fessor" Henry Peck, the janitor, for the amphitheatrical design of the chapel. DR. S. M. HOSMER. Born Jefferson Co Ala., 1846. Trustee 1883-1899. President 1899. 44 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Dr. Keener died in the middle of the session, 1898-99, but his work was divided among the Faculty, as in the case of the sickness of Prof. Grote, Dr. Andrews, Dr. Shoaff, and during the typhoid epidemic of 1902-03, when Professors E. L. Colebeck, E. L. Brown, and D. P. Christenberry were all sick and the salaries paid over to the respective families. After the death of Dr. Keener, Prof. F. M. Peterson was appointed President until the election of Dr. S. M. Hosmer. It is useless to mention here the progress under Dr. Hosmer's administration. His watch-word has been "Up-to-date." A modern library, the card system, a modern curricu- DR. J. S. FRAZER. Present Financial Agent, who, without surrendering his personal work, has raised large amounts for improvements and en- dowment lum, the elective system, 1900; a modern system of dis- cipline; a modern scientific department; a modern board- ing hall; a chair of modern languages; modern methods 46 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY of business and business office ; and a modern gymnasium building, the second building on the campus in the his- tory of the institution, have all been installed. During the twentieth century movement through Drs. Lamar and Frazer, and through the Alumni Associa- tion, and other friends, $44,000 were added to the en- dowment. Wise investments have been made, and con- siderable property has been recovered which had been lost sight of, ar.d upon the whole, the affairs of the institution are on a firm basis. The present endowment is $75,000, of which $25,000 is not yet productive. All assets amount to $210,000. PROF. E. K. TURNER, Ph. D. PROF. L. P. GIDDENS. At the Alabama Conference, Eufaula, 1906, the ques- tion of reuniting the two Conferences on one College was agitated, but no action was taken. We cannot close this brief and imperfect sketch with- out referring to some other important matters. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 47 PRCF J. T LITTLETON. REV. J W. SHOAFF, D D. PROF. E. L. COLEBECK. PROF. BURT P. RICH- ARDSON. 48 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY REV. C P. ATKINSON PROP". U. M KEY PROF. F. F. CHAPMAN OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 49 R. L WILLIAMS, T. J. HAPPEL, A. M., Supreme Judge of Oklahoma, ' 66 ' M ' D -' Chief Author of the Con- President Tennessee Medical stitution. Association. WM. B. INGE, A. M., '68. W. B. MURRAH, A. B., 74, Extensive Planter. President Millsaps College. GROUP OF PROMINENT ALUMNI. 50 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY RELIGIOUS AIMS. The Trustees and Faculty have ever held the real pur- pose of the institution in view. Nearly every annual report contains the words "a great and gracious revival." At times the students were Christian workers almost to a man. In the early days prayers were held in chapel both morning and afternoon. Singing was added in the '90's. Class meetings were held by the President or Faculty on Friday afternoons, and prayer meetings on Sundays by the students. Love feasts were held Sun- day afternoons of Commencement Day. A story of a new student under these conditions would be interesting and suggestive: A boy innocent of prayers and Bible study, after being here two or three days said to his room-mate: "I am disgusted; I did not come here to attend prayers all day and read the Bible; I came to study school-books. I am going up stairs to that Fac- ulty, cuss 'em out, and go where they teach school and study son ethin' else besides the Bible." His room-mate told him that "He'd get enough to do, just wait till all his work was assigned." He became an excellent stu- dent, joined the church, succeeded as a business man, afterwards became a steward of the M, E. Church, and a Trustee of this institution, and one of the most en- thusiastic Bible students in the country. He knows not to this day what the Southern University had to do with it. 1887, through the efforts of J. D. Simpson, adjunct professor of Ancient Languages, and Luther Smith, a student, a room was secured and furnished in the main building for the Young Men's Christian Association. This was the beginning of systematic work among the students. Bible and Mission classes were afterwards organized, committees were appointed for all phases of the work — welcome committees, membership commit- tees, financial, devotional, etc., have been organized from OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 51 J A. MOORE. REV. F. P. CULVER. DR. J H McCOY. PRCF T. A. TAYLOR. GROUP OF PROMINENT ALUMNI. 52 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY time to time. It has been the aim to send every boy home an enthusiastic, trained, Christian worker. LITERARY CULTURE. The institution has always emphasized literary cul- ture, as is shown by the large proportion of language study in the curriculum, and by emphasis placed upon composition work, as before referred to by the action of the Trustees. "The Southern University Monthly" was established April, 1885. Its organizers and first editors were: Percy G. Wood, Jr., L. C. Branscomo, C. A. Rush, W. F. Andrews, and D. P. Christenberry, all students. In 1902 it became "The Review and Bulletin." It is the organ of the two literary societies, and serves as a great incentive to literary efforts. In 1891 "The Alumni An- nual" with Dr. J. A. Moore as editor, was issued, but its life was of short duration. THE LIBRARY. From the very first the institution has maintained a good collection of standard works and magazines. Until 1899 three separate libraries were maintained, those of the two literary societies and that of the College. At this time all libraries were united in what was formerly the Preparatory Room, and the modern card catalogue system was inaugurated. This system was inaugurated and put into operation by Misses Maria and Loula Hos- mer. The library is kept open from four to eight hours per day. The oversight of the library is entrusted to a committee of the Faculty, the chairman of which is the Librarian. The Assistant Librarian for many years was a student, in recent years, however, a lady has held this OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 53 P. G. WOOD. (Chief Editor) C, A. RUSH. W. F. ANDREWS. Three of the founders and first Editors of Southern University- Monthly, now issued as Review and Bulletin. 54 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY L. C. BRANSCOMB. D, P. CHRISTENBERRY. Two of the founders of Southern University Monthly. position. The library is maintained by a fee charged each student, and by donations of money and books. A few notable gifts have been received. Besides the splendid gifts of J. S. Napier and L. Q. C. DeYampert, and Bishop Soule at the time of founding, many gifts have been made since : Judge P. G. Wood gave his library in his lifetime. Dr. Chas. Ross gave his by will. A large number of books were received by Bishop Andrew after his death. The Alumni and other friends add books annually. The estimated number of volumes at present is eight thousand. The library possesses some very rare and valuable volumes that perhaps can be found no where else, especially a set of volumes on the American Indian with life-like cuts of the famous chiefs. A few Librarians : J. C. Hill, '84-'85, J. D. Griffin, Prof. O. C. Hand, W. C. Hamilton, W. C. Watson, S. C. Meigs, F. E. Porter, Mrs. J. A. Baxley, Miss Maria Hosmer, Miss Willie Walton, Dr. J. A. Moore, Miss Annie Locke, D. P. Christenberry. 56 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY PUBLIC SPE4KING. Public speaking has always been a prominent feature of the institution. This work is carried on by the Belles Lettres and Clarioscophic Societies, and by the weekly declamations before the Faculty and students. Both of these institutions, the literary societies, and the depart- ment of public speaking, have existed from the first. Public exhibitions as anniversaries, oratorical contests, have existed also from the earliest times. The rule has been that no one shall graduate until he shall have de- livered, at least four original addresses before the Fac- ulty and students. The methods of special criticism and special training practiced have not failed of results, as a few recent honors of the Alumni will show : S. C. Meigs was class orator in Mobile Medical College. Drs. G. C. Chapman and E. B. Ward were the orators before their medical associations. Jas. M. Hobson, Jr., won all the honors in oratory on all three of the annual occasions at West Point while he was there. H. M. Dobbs and Frank Seay won the contests at Vanderbilt both in com- position and oratory. S. A. Hobson won highest honors in oratory and composition in Columbian Law School, Wash- ington, D. C. Ethel Allen won contests at Southwestern Presbyterian University, both local and intercollegiate. R. E. Sessions won the same for Trinity College and. South- ern University. E. E. Cobbs won the honors at the University of the South, Sewanee. Howard Sadler was the orator of Annapolis, and represented his crew in an address on landing in England. J. A. Baxley won the intercollegiate contest for the Southern University, and John McDuffie, trained at the Southern University, after- wards won it for Auburn. Last, but not least, one of the greatest living orators, won the honors of his class at the Southern University and imperishable fame before the American people — Richmond Pearson Hobson. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 57 RICHMOND PEARSON HOBSON, Ph. D. A distinguished Alumnus, Agent of Alumni in Endowing the Chair of History. Member of Congress. 58 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY SEVENTEEN SIXTEENS, 1908. 1, Clara Young; 2, Helen Martin; 3 Mattie Dominick; 4, Bectie Chapman; 6, Fannie Walker; 7, Mabel Williams; 8, Dorothy McFadden; 9, Alberta Overstreet; 10, Mary Lawson; 11, Cap- itola deBardeleben; 12, Josie Walker; 12, Margaret Jones; 14, Mary Straiton; 15, Bessie Dominick; 16, Margaret Erwin; 17, Lell Grote. CO-EDUCATION. Miss Julia Tutwiler, (in 1868) asked for women the right of matriculation, and was refused. She came anyway; she asked for degrees, and was voted against; she took them anyway. Later she sought entrance without examination, and was refused; she entered any- way. The institution now numbers eight women among her full graduates — Miss Margaret Pickett taking A. B. in 1897, was the first to win this honor. She is a niece of Miss Tutwiler. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 59 HONORED NAMES. It would take volumes to record the honors and merits of the long list of worthies connected with the history of the Southern University as Trustees, contribu- tors, agents, instructors, both collegiate and sub-col- legiate, superintendents of Hamilton Hall, students, and graduates. How could the struggle of C. C. Callaway, who raised over $300,000 for the College, Jefferson Hamilton, W. I. Powers, O. R. Blue, W. C. McCoy, J. O. Andrew, C. L. Chilton, A. J. Lamar, J. S. Frazer, and scores of other agents be worthily recorded, together with Dr. F. M. Peterson, A. H. Mitchell, J. H. Y. Webb, HENRY PECK. "Professor of Ash, Broom, and Scuttle Department," 42 years. Jno. Erwin, Gideon Nelson, J. J. Garrett, P. G. Wood, L. Q. C. DeYampert, Madison Jones, the Stollenwercks, Bishops Paine, Soule, Pierce, Wightman, Keener, Gal- loway, Candler, all of whom raised large amounts of money — all these and more just as worthy, — I say how shall we justly record their labors and their honors? Their portraits should be on these walls, their busts in 60 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY niches in these rooms, and marble and bronze statues of them should be on this campus. If we do not honor our noble dead, we need not expect a noble history in the future. Among all these there is one name we shall not omit — that of Henry Peck, Janitor for forty and more years. His influence on the lives of the students and even on the President and Faculty has been greater than any one will ever know. When this faithful Negro lays down scuttle, broom, and duster, a marble shaft should rise upon this campus, or better still, "The Henry Peck Janitorship" should be endowed by his long list of friends and admirers. SIDE LIGHTS. The long years of struggle, gloom, imd blood through which the Institution has passed, have not been without their "side lights." "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy," is the bright side of college life. While hazing has never been practiced in the institu- tion to any extent, the boys have often tried to work off their surplus vitality in the main at the expense of the Faculty. The system of espionage and reporting which prevailed until recent years was, no doubt, partly responsible for the lack of sympathy and fellowship be- tween Faculty and student, and strengthened the desire for revenge upon the unduly exacting professors. Among these men of law and order may be mentioned Profes- sors Wadsworth, Lupton, J. A. Moore, and others. How- ever, these shrewd and worthy Doctors were most fre- quently more than a match for the youthful tricksters, as the following stories will illustrate: The hiding of the Professors' buggies, even in the primitive days was a stock joke. Among those who had a tempting vehicle was Dr. Wadsworth. It reached the Doctor's ears that on a certain night his buggy was to OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 61 make a trip to the woods. The grave preceptor, not alto- gether devoid of fun himself, conceived the idea of join- ing the happy party. Clothing himself befitting the chilly night, he retired cozily behind the close curtains, and was soon scurrying along the shadowy highway be- hind his fleet-footed, thorough-bred bipeds. At length the desired retreat was reached. The steaming roadsters, panting for breath, began to loose the simple harness, when from the tightly fitting curtains came the quiet, familiar voice of the learned Doctor: "You may take me back, now, boys. This will do. I will say nothing about it." The Doctor was not so fortunate at another time. The hour for declamation had arrived, and, at least one faint-hearted victim was not ready. Seeing the Doctor busy in his room, the truant speaker stealthily locked him in, and left the key outside. There was no declama- tion that afternoon, but a crusty voice from a second- story window wooed the smiling and polite lad to the Doctor's prompt release. On one of these dreaded occasions back in the sixties when the blood of the young American was hot and would dare anything when one of these sons of thunder was moving his audience to tears with — "I am dying Egypt Dying Ebbs the crimson life-tide fast" a stream of poke berry juice from above deluged him and his immaculate linen blood-red, hem and skirt. And an- other Declamation exercise was brought to a happy close. Dr. Lupton received the compliments of the young men on this wise : From time immemorial it was a custom for the Faculty to make weekly reports of the misdemeanors of those of their several sections. On one occasion when all the Faculty had finished their reports, Jno. Keener, a student, tall and dignified, rose and with the solemnity of the gravest professor, read : "I report Dr. Lupton for failure in chemistry on the sixth." The joke was soon 62 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY fully appreciated when it was learned that the great chemist had made a flash in one of his experiments be- fore his class. The usual reference and demerits had little effect on the jolly face of young Keener. Dr. J. A. Moore met what the boys called condign jus- tice on one April Fool's night at Hamilton Hall. Shouts of "Murder! Kill him! Oh!" startled him from above. Rushing out from his room, and down the long hall he reached the first step to the stairs when the contents of a bath-tub came full upon his naked head. Dr. An- drews, having heard the shouts and cries, was on the scene in an instant, crying, "What's the matter? What's the matter?" Moore, drenched from head to foot, meekly returning to his room, curtly answered, "A prank! A prank! Only a prank." The story of how John 0. Keener stole a diploma, filled it out for the A. M. Degree, had it signed by all the Fac- ulty and Trustees and delivered to J ;he Janitor, Henry Peck, is to all a familiar tradition about the campus. He is as proud of his diploma as any man that received one from the President on the platform. Many tales might be told to lighten the tedium of dull history illustrative of the terrors of the old espionage system of the by-gones. Hair-breadth escapes from the professors, marvelous foot-races, vengeful pranks, and April-fool escapades, etc. But all is different now. The government is fraternal and paternal. Boys are trusted. Their word is taken absolutely, and thus responsibility is put where it counts for most. ATHLETICS. During a larger part of the history of the institu- tion, the students have had few restrictions as to their games and sports. In the main, intercollegiate games of base-ball and tennis have been permitted under cer- tain regulations, such as requiring certain grades of the players, and the written consent of the parents, etc. In- OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 63 14 41 fa BASEBALL TEAM, 1904. Jim Hamilton; R. B McGehee (Capt.) Dan Littlepage; E. B. Dunlap (Coach); Archie McDonald; W. O. Turmpseed; B. Jones; Bestor Ward; V. P. Cherry; P. D. McGehee; G. Kn- lough; Clinton Howard; F. E. Hastings (Mgr.) tercollegiate games of foot-ball are thought too violent and have been prohibited. There is still much division of opinion as to the value of these games, considering the loss of time and danger to life and morals. Both views were thoroughly discussed by Andrew Sledd and J. E. McCann in "The Southern University Review and Bul- letin" November, 1903. On the erection of the Gymnasium a certain number of hours each week is required. The open-air sports seem to be entered into with more enthusiasm than the indoor gymnastic practice, and hence it is perhaps more profitable as health-giving relaxation and invigoration of mind and body. 64 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY GYMNASIUM. The new gymnasium building is 67x74 feet, extreme dimensions. On either side of the main building at the front are two smaller rooms used for shower baths and store room. The front is cut off for dressing and locker rooms, and an office for the gymnasium instructor. Above these rooms is a visitors' gallery. The building is a frame, veneered with brick. The equipment is modern and adequate. Besides dumb bells, wands, barbells, and Indian clubs, apparatus for heavier work, such as climbing rope, triplicate wall ma- chine, horse, wall and horizontal bar, suspended bar, horizontal ladder, parallel bars, spring board, jump stands, traveling rings and mats, are provided. There are also medicine balls, hand balls and basket balls. 66 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY CLARIOSOPHIC LITERARY SOCIETY. The Southern University opened its doors to students October 3, 1859. On October 29, of the same year a number of students of the University met for the pur- pose of forming a literary society. Mr. C. D. Christian was called to the chair. He briefly stated the purpose of the meeting, and the body then elected the following officers : J. V. Glass, President; C. D. Christian, Vice-Presi- dent; F. B. Terrell, Recording Secretary; F. L. Glover, Treasurer; L. A. Felden, Corresponding Secretary; S. W. Chadwick, Censor; and W. R. Randle, Librarian. At the next meeting, which was November 5, 1859, on motion of F. B. Terrell, it was called "The Clariosophic Society of the Southern University." The drafters of the first Constitution were W. R. Randle, Joe Atkinson and A. M. Jones. There is also a vote of thanks in the minutes of the society to Mr. R. W. Banks for assistance given the committee on consti- tution. The first constitution was not what the students wanted, so on March 24, 1860, Mr. William G. Hill, of Franklin College, who was a member of the Phi Kappi Sigma Society there, procured a copy of the constitution of his society and merged the Clarios into a chapter of the Phi Kappa Sigma. This organization had its origin in Oxford, England, and the constitution last adopted was a copy of the original one. After being initiated into the Phi Kappa Sigma So- ciety, they adopted the name "Clariosophic" which is the name held in England and at the University of Geor- gia. After this the society is mentioned in the minutes as the Alabama Chapter of Phi Kappa Sigma. From the very first the minutes have been kept in full and the names of the speakers for each meeting ap- pear. We find where a committee was appointed on OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 67 books, and this committee did excellent work in getting a library for the society. On March 2, 1861, we find a report from the libra- rian, Mr. S. W. Chadwick, which states that in one month seventy-one volumes were added to the library, fifty- eight were given by regular members, and the others by Hon. Edward Everett, Hon. Syd Moore, and Dr. W. M. Wightman. When the library had outgrown the ex- pectancy of the society it was given to the University, and the collection placed in the regular college library. The society retained the name "Clariosophic," as a chap- ter name, and its members are always known as "Clarios." Both names appear in the yell which is as follows : "Ho! Ho! Ho! Clario ! Phi Kappa Sigma Ho! Ho! Ho!" The Clariosophic Society was fortunate in becoming a chapter of Phi Kappa Sigma. It was not compelled to begin at the bottom and climb up through the various stages of inferiority and mediocrity to success, but be- gan its existence with forty years experience behind it. After its reorganization as a chapter of Phi Kappa Sigma, its members found no cause for complaint, but set themselves to work to emulate the example of Phi Sigma's noblest sons of earlier years. They saw, on the roll of members, such names as Robert Toombs and Alex- ander H. Stephens, and they realized that they must work if they were to show themselves worthy of such a post. Although the Alabama chapter had been in existence only one year when the civil war began; it furnished its quota to the ranks of the Confederate army. While the mother chapter can claim the honor of furnishing the Vice-President of the Confederacy, the daughter can 68 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY claim the honor of furnishing brave men, who poured out their life's blood to protect their homes from the in- vader. Since the close of the war between the States, the so- ciety has shared the varying fortunes of the Southern University. The handsome endowment of the latter was swept away by the war and very few Southern boys were able to attend college during the years of disorder and unrest that characterized the reconstruction period. During those years the society was small. Since that time, however, notwithstanding the vicissitudes of for- tune, the tendency of the college has been upward. With the increase of students the society grew. Some- times it secured more members than the rival society, sometimes less. During the last few years, comprehended within the narrow limits of the memory of the present generation of college students, Phi Kappa Sigma has lost most of the challenge debates with the "Belles Lettres," and has won most of the society medals offered for oratory. She has won her share of other medals for oratory and com- position. Beginning with the year 1900-1901, a medal has been awarded each commencement, to the student making the highest general average of grades during the year. Phi Kappa Sigma has won all of these and has had more men on the honor roll than the rival so- ciety, although the other has had more members. The Clariosophic Society has sent out over 60 per cent, of the graduates from this school during the last six years. Today Phi Kappa Sigma looks back over forty-six years of continued existence. The rules and regulations governing it have undergone many changes. It has be- come a secret organization — partaking, somewhat, of the nature of a fraternity. The parent chapter has adopted itself to the conditions in its own school and the daugh- ter, to the conditions in the Southern University. Lack- ing a common council to keep them alike, they have OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 69 grown apart. Still the two chapters are alike in spirit, if not in form. The same life is in each. Both limbs draw life and inspiration from the same trunk. Part of the past of each is the past of the other. Alabama chapter has, now, a long roll of her own members. Many of these have taken degrees at the Southern University and some have graduated elsewhere. Many have gone out into life without graduating at all. But whether they have graduated or not, they have all THOMAS SEAY, A. M., '67, Prof, of Law. Governor of Alabama. received inspiration from the old society, and the same ardent affections that bind us in our youth shall cheer us and bind us when we are old. This article would not be complete without the name of a few members who have graduated at Southern Uni- versity. As space is limited, I shall only mention a few. 70 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY M. B. Chapman, '67, D. D., Archaeologist and Author. An article from him is read by hundreds of thousands of people every week in our Sunday School Magazine under the head of "The Voice From the East." Junius Jordan, '67, A. M., M. D., L. L. D., Professor Pedagogy, University of Arkansas. Thomas Seay, '67, A. M., L. L. D., Governor of Ala- bama ('86-'90.) F. M. Peterson, '73, A. M., D. D., former President Girls' Industrial School, at Montevallo. J. A. Moore, '81, A. M., Ph. D., former Professor Math- ematics, Millsaps. E. K. Turner, '92, A. M., Ph. D., Professor Latin, Emory College. D. P. Christenberry, '88, A. M., Professor English, Southern University. S. M. Hosmer, B. P., D. D., President Southern Uni- versity. Phi Kappa Sigma has much to be proud of, but she expects to improve still, as the years go by. The present members are doing what they can to beautify their hall, and keep the aim of the society before them. The Alumni of the society are urged to be present at Commencement. The men in school will be glad to meet all the old members, and give the hearty welcome of Phi Kappa Sigma. J. H. Williams. THE BELLES LETTRES SOCIETY. Feeling the necessity of cultivating those faculties of the mind uneducated by collegiate studies, and the neces- sity of general reading for acquiring liberal and intelli- gent views, C. B. Clarke, May, G. W. Creagh, H. Urquhart, and C. C. Ellis met, on October 28, 1859, in the large hall in the east end of the University building for the purpose of organizing a literary society. Over OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 71 this little band of workers C. B. Clarke was first called to preside. It was then, in the regular order of business, that the name Belles Lettres was adopted to designate the real purpose of the organization. Unlike the Clariosophic Society, the Belles Lettres had to pass through its infantile trials at a time of peculiar severity. The civil strife had really begun at its very birth, and the spirit of destruction was abroad in the land. But nothing could discourage those five dauntless men who had adopted as their motto the deep sentiment contained in those initial letters Alpha Kappa Phi. And, with the true spirit of this motto they set in motion influences that are telling in the lives of Belles Lettres men wherever they may be found. Owing to the small number of members some of the offices were necessarily left vacant, to be supplied when other members should be elected. At a called meeting on November 3, 1859, the names of B. M. Huey, R. H. Henly, J. C. Duncan, E. F. Ramsey, J. W. Harris, J. E. Drake, W. W. Peterson and R. H. Jackson were proposed for membership and were elected by unanimous vote. B. M. Huey was then chsoen Vice-President for the so- ciety. From time to time the number of members was increased until it reached about twenty. With this goodly number the society began to furnish the hall, and to es- tablish a library for the exclusive use of its members, This done, every effort henceforth was expended in the effort to develop the oratorical powers and to cultivate the taste for good literature. With a great deal of interest one reads the records of the proceedings of this society during the dark days that immediately followed its organization. Not a note of sectional bitterness is sounded, but seemingly all are in- tent on gaining something for practical use in life. A spirit of cheer and light-heartedness seems imprinted on every page. Indications of progress are in the facts con- 72 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY tained there, and general interest and enthusiasm seem to prevail until we turn into the record of the meeting on April 27, 1862, and read: "The society met today, con- sisting of Messrs. Urquhart, McKinsey, Jackson, and Drake (the remaining members being then in the army of their country)" and then notice the air of solemnity with which this little remnant paid their respects to the departed spirit of their brother, Robert W. Avery, who died in the service of his country. This little remnant of men met many difficulties during that terrible period of war, when the life of the whole college was deeply shadowed, but with the true spirit they managed, some- how, to keep up a lively interest throughout. In 1866 we find only two students returned to advocate the Belles Lettres cause; but, never failing to replenish their num- ber at every good opportunity, they were, even that year, enabled to carry on the work to great advantage. Throughout this period of gloom J. E. Drake was one of the leading spirits. As the gloom of the war and its attending difficulties faded away the life of the whole college revived, and nat- urally the society grew vigorous and henceforth had noth- ing but a very optimistic outlook. The "Seventies" mark- ed an epoch of very great progress in both literary so- cieties, Belles Lettres and Clariosophh, and following in the natural course of events, the desire to test their strength, in a competitive way, seized the "Clarios," as they are popularly known, and gave rise to the selection of two of their best men, N. L. Whitfield snd E. W. deGraf- fenried, to challenge a like number of Belles Lettres to meet them in public debate. This challenge was issued on November 25, 1878, and on November 26, 1878, at a called meeting of the Belles Lettres, the challenge was accepted, evincing the fact that the Belles Lettres were proud of an opportunity to unfurl their banner against that of the sister society at a public contest. This led to the selection of L. D. Landrum and Taylor, to repre- OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 73 sent Belles Lettres. Thus, what has been known since as challenge debate, was established, and has been a very great factor in the development of the faculties for de- bate. The occasion of challenge debate is looked forward to with much interest, and to be chosen to represent the society in this contest is considered no mean honor. During the evening of the debate it is indeed thrilling to watch the manifestations of enthusiasm on the part of the members of the societies. When the chosen repre- sentatives enter the hall, preceded by the richly colored banners, the peals of Rah! Ho! Re! Rah! Ho! Ri! Belles Lettres, Belles Lettres! Alpha Kappa Phi! seem to thrill the Belles Lettres debaters to wield their intellectual battle-axes in an invincible way. And who does not remember with what anxious restlessness we have awaited the announcement of the decision of the judges of the contest? And, after the decision, how the air was filled with the hats and the caps of the victors, and how the ears were tortured by the yells of triumph? This enthusiasm was made the greater by the real heat of the contest, for neither side ever felt that the victo- tory was cheaply bought. This spirit of rivalry has contributed much to the growth of the society in every particular. The "Clarios" have found that, although they began their career at the Southern University as a chapter of the already existing Phi Kappa Sigma Society, of which fact they are justly proud, the youth of the Belles Lettres Society gave it a vigor that would not, if it could, sit idly on an already es- tablished reputation. The effect has been a constant struggle for supremacy which has produced such specimens as Dr. J. 0. Keener, 74 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Dr. W. B. Murrah, Robert T. Nabors, Captain R. P. Hob- son, Congressman J. T. Heflin, Hon. B. M. Huey and many others of that type who attribute their success largely to the work done in the Belles Lettres Society. Connected with the public affairs of the society there is also another important and interesting occasion, that is, the celebration of the anniversary of the birth of the so- ciety on the first Friday night of May of every year. This occasion has not the heat of enthusiasm that naturally comes with the inter-society debate, but it it of a nature that renders it fully as interesting. The program for the occasion consists of an oration by an alumnus of the so- ciety and a debate by four representatives chosen from the roll of active members. The society no longer operates the library as formerly, but on February 20, 1899, deeded it to the Southern Uni- versity and it is now operated in connection with the college library. Of late years special efforts have bean made to beautify the society hall. Instead of the old wooden ceiling we have an elegant steel ceiling, with other improvements correspondingly elegant. The finishing touch in the beautifying of the hall was made when the two beautiful electric chandeliers were recently hung. This careful at- tention to the outward appearances is but an expression of the deep interest of the members in the work of the society. For many years after the organization of the society its meetings were held on Saturday mornings, but they are now held on Saturday evening, and a goodly number of members are found in their places at every meeting anxious to meet whatever duties the society may impose. Interest may lag in other departments of college life, but never here. The society is proud of its past, proud of the period of its birth, for which such environments no purposeless organization could survive during its infancy. The re- OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 75 cords of the past are an inspiration to the present. The society today is wielding a greater influence than its founders, perhaps, ever dreamed of. Let us hope that the horizon of its influence may continue to broaden and thus touch more men so as to fit them for the practical walks of life. Charles Denson Daniel. F. M. DOM1NICK. FRATERNITIES AT THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY. F. M. DOMINICK. Fraternities as departments of student-life play an important part in American colleges. There are at pres- ent four such organizations at the Southern University, and two have established chapters here, which afterwards died. We shall give a short account of each in the order of the seniority of the local chapters. The two that do not now have chapters here must necessarily be noted briefly, on account of the absence of records, etc. 76 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY PI KAPPA ALPHA. In 1871, the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity granted a char- ter to Delta chapter, at the Southern University, with the following members: George H. Bradfield, J. M. Hale, Charles T. Gordon, J. S. Hunnicut, J. 0. Keener, N. R. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 77 Lindsey, A. McCollum, W. B. Murrah, Robert T. Nabors, Alexander Powe, John P. Robertson, G. D. Stollenwerck, M. D. Thomasson, and George S. Vaughan. In 1873, the charter was surrendered on account of the decreased at- tendance of the college. However, after some thirty-two years, the fraternity again entered the college by renew- ing in November, 1905, the charter of Delta, with five charter members: J. T. Willcoxon, George M. Watson, N. G. Cammack, V. M. Shamburger, S. E. Scarborough. They have a nicely furnished home down town, and have set to work with enthusiasm to make up for the thirty- three years of lost time. SIGMA ALPHA EPSILON. Alabama Iota Chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon was founded by Hon. J. E. D. Shipp, now a prominent attorney of Americus, Ga., on November 20, 1878. Mr. Shipp was a member of Alpha Mu chapter at Auburn. The charter members were : C. B. Walker, now deceased ; J. H. Bell, Quitman, Miss. ; and J. M. Kendall, of Eufaula, Ala. Dur- ing '81-82, owing to the great financial embarrassment of the college and the small percentage of students, the charter was withdrawn from Alabama Iota by the fra- ternity. However, in '83-84 the chapter was re-establish- ed, the renewal taking place on January 26, 1884, with two old members and five new initiates. Since that time the chapter has had a continuous and prosperous exis- tence. Two hundred and twenty men have been inducted into the mysteries of Sigma Alpha Epsilon by Alabama Iota. Among them are numbered some of Southern Uni- versity's most promising Alumni, in the church, in law, in medicine, in business, in education, and in the various other activities of life. All have contributed to the honor of the college and to the glory of Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Among the most honored and revered initiates of Ala- bama Iota, must be mentioned former Chancellor Luther 78 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY IOTA CHAPTER, SIGMA ALPHA EPSILON FRATKRNITY Top Row— J W Cleveland, A. H. McDonnell W. R. Hosmer, J. C. Carr, F. S Whatley. Bottom Row— R B. Carr P. B. Jarmon, F. E. Spann, L. J. Weber. M. Smith, of the Southern University. The life of this gre educator and preacher alone is contribution enough from Alabama Iota to the fraternity in general. The fraternity also initiated Professor C. A. Grote, of the faculty, in December, 1878. Like the other fraternities, Sigma Alpha Epsilon rented rooms until 1908, when they erected a neat chapter hall of their own — the first S. U. chapter to own its building. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 79 SIGMA CHI FRATERNITY. (Standing)— 1, Milligan; 2, Stickney, W, B.; 3. Cummings. J. B ; 4, Eppes, John; 5, Allen, Charles; 6, Moore, M. H.; 7, Tur- ner, Jack; 8, Feagin. (Sitting) — 1, Ward. E. B.; 2, Landrum, L. D.; 3, Tarry, Geo. W ; 4, Johnson, Henry; 5, Ward, T. R.; 6, Landrum, Zack P ; 7, Rencher, W. P. SIGMA CHI Chi Chi chapter, of Sigma Chi was chartered in 1879, and continued at Southern University until 1882. It then lost its charter because of the failure of any of its members to return to college after the vacation. During its short life Chi Chi initiated into Sigma Chi twenty- three men. 80 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY PHARES COLEMAN, Founder of Phi Chapter of K A Fraternity. KAPPA ALPHA. Phi chapter of the Kappa Alpha order was born in the old Nelson mansion, for many years a landmark in Greensboro. This house has since been torn down. Hon. Phares Coleman, of Montgomery, then a resident of Greensboro, was among the most active of its founders. He worked and labored for its founding until success crowned his efforts. In 1882, a charter was granted to the following students : W. A. Compton, Jefferson, Ala. ; 0. Skinner, Old Spring Hill, Ala. ; J. R. Connerley, Vien- na, Ala. ; U. E. Scales, Coatopa, Ala. ; John R. Morris, Whistler, Ala. ; Ross P. Cox, Citronelle, Ala. ; Percy Wood. Selma, Ala. ; Phares Coleman, Greensboro, Ala. ; George W. Hill, Gainesville, Ala.; James H. Webb, Nann Hub- ba, Ala. The chapter has never existed sub rosa, being recog- nized by the faculty from its birth. In 1882-83, the chap- ter was inactive on account of the small number of boys I i© IP im 82 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY in the college, but since that time, it has had a continu- ous existence. The fraternity first rented a hall down town in the old Odd Fellows Lodge, but for several years they have been in possession of an elegantly furnished room in the college building. From year to year, the chapter has continued to pros- per, until now her alumni number 215. They have gone forth into life to take their part in the struggle and to ex- emplify the truths of Kappa Alpha where the exemplifi- cation gives honor to their college and to their order. Three of her sons, E. L. Brown, D. P. Christenberry, and L. P. Giddens, have occupied places in the faculty of their Alma Mater, while one, R. P. Hobson, has attained to world-wide celebrity as a naval commander and a true and unswerving patriot. Nineteen hundred and six marks the twenty-fourth year of Kappa Alpha at Southern Uni- versity, and its members are proud of the humble share Phi chapter has had in the order itself, and in the devel- opment of college life at this institution. IOTA PHI. The Iota Phi fraternity was established at the South- ern University in 1884. Its founders secured a charter from the State of Alabama. Their intention was to ex- pand and establish chapters in other colleges, but after an existence of four years, the fraternity disbanded, some of its members joining the chapters of the other fra- ternities represented at the college. H. T. Strout, Pres- ident; H. Graham Benners, Secretary, and John W. Rol- lins, Treasurer, are the names which appear upon the fraternity's charter. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 83 mm ;% WBm ^^\ wLjf % ■ ^^B^ ^s^£ i i Y • 1 REV. T. R. McCARTY Founder Beta Beta Chapter, Alpha Tau Omega ALPHA TAU OMEGA. Beta Beta chapter of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity was established March 28, 1885, by Mr. T. R. McCarty, of Alpha Epsilon chapter, at Auburn. The founder, know- ing the mysterious nature of the order, selected a peculi- arly appropriate place for the initiation ceremony, Stoke's graveyard to the north of town. There in that very fraternity atmosphere nine prominent and popular young men took the oath that made them Alpha Taus. For a month and a half the chapter was sub rosa. Beta Beta from the start has held a high place among the chapters of the fraternities in the Southern Univer- sity and an equally high place among the other chapters of Alpha Tau Omega. After twenty-one years, Beta Beta is truly full grown. To the little band of the first year have in that time been added 169. Its alumni are scattered all over our coun- try and are doing honor to it and to the Southern Uni- versity. Three members of the first chapter were pro- 84 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY fessors in the institution, Dr. Francis M. Peterson, for- mer President of the Alabama Girls' Industrial School, at Montevallo, and C. P. Atkinson. Two others have been selected to serve as members of the faculty of their Alma Mater, after their initiation into Alpha Tau Omega. The first chapter roll was as follows : T. K. Terrell, E. M. Craig, H. B. Farish, 0. C. Farish, John F. Gillis, Jo- seph E. Hutchinson, R, H. Long, W. H. Moore, Professor F. M. Peterson, W. C. Swanson, J. L. Moore, F. E. Porter, W. R. Porter, E. W. Ormond, W. B. Hendrick, R. L. Stough, L. L. Smith. BETA BETA CHAPTER, ALPHA TAU OMEGA FRATERNITY 1800. From Left to Right— F. E. Chapman, Alonzo Abrams. M. N. Car- penter, W. H. Moore, W. W. McGehee, D. E Shoaff, T. M. Purcell, Leon Watkins, R. H. Bryant, R. E Ledbetter, J. W. Frazer, W. Pierce Chilton, L. Carroll Steele, Geo. N. Wilson, A. C. Davis, C. L. Chilton, Jr , Reid Lawson. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 85 PHI DELTA THETA. Alabama Gamma chapter of the Phi Delta Theta frater- nity was chartered at the Southern University in 1887, and continued until 1896. At that time the charter was withdrawn by the officers of the fraternity. Rev. W. F. Andrews, A. M., '86, now of Little Rock, Ark., was the founder of the chapter. During its nine years of life, Gamma initiated 122 men, and always occupied a promi- nent place among the fraternities in the college. Its members were numbered among the leading students, and its alumni are reflecting honor upon themselves and the institution. Phi Delta Theta occupied, as did the other fraternities, an elegantly furnished chapter room in the main college building. Since the withdrawal of the fraternity from this institution, their chapter room has been converted into a sitting room for the "co-eds." We regret very much our inability to give a more extended account of Gamma, but owing to the removal of all re- cords at the chapter's withdrawal, the data was not ob- tained. 86 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY, 1895. 1, Will Tebault; 2, Chas. McLeod; 3, S. C. Folkes; 4, James V. Brown; 5, Olin Newman; 6, Marvin Kendrick; 7, Hugh Hamil; 8, J. A. Baxley; 9, Edward Gaines; 10, Percy Knick- erbocker; 11, Seay deGraffenried; 12, Miss Ella Keener; 13, Mrs. J. O. Keener; 14, Rev. J. 0. Keener, D. D.; 15, Chas. Martin; 16, W. R. Bickerstaff; 17, Holt Roberts; 18, Ben Wittich; 19, F. F. Whittle. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 87 GENERAL INFORMATION. Location and Advantages. The Southern University is located at Greensboro, a delightful town of two thousand five hundred inhabi- tants, situated near the center of the State, being about 170 miles from the southern, and 145 miles from the northern boundary. Greensboro is on the line of the Southern Railway. Daily trains to Selma and Akron ren- der the place accessible from all quarters. Greensboro is an old Southern town, noted for its refined society, genu- ine college atmosphere, and excellent health record. Cli- mate is mild and delightful. There is no foreign ele- ment. The town is well supplied with good artesian wa- ter, telephone and telegraph systems, electric lights and cherted streets. There are four churches — Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, and Episcopal. The social and re- ligious advantages are unsurpassed. By special statute the sale of spirituous liquors is prohibited. PLANT The plant of the Southern University consists of twenty six acres of land, level and in one body. Upon this land is located the University or main building ; Hamilton Hall, used as a dormitory, accommodating 68 students; the President's home ; two residences for professors ; the gym- nasium, which is said to be the most complete college gymnasium in Alabama ; the athletic field, which consists of a ball diamond and grand stand, four well finished ten- nis courts, and basket ball ground. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 89 Improvements During the past few years, more than ten thousand dol- lars have been expended in equipping and beautifying the main building. Some three thousand collars ($3,000) has been expended in the science department, and more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) in the library and reading room. Hamilton Hall has been renovated and re-furnish- ed at a cost of $1,430.65. COLLEGE RESIDENCE. Occupied by Prof. Littleton. Tuition, Fees, Etc. The student, upon admission, becomes responsible for tuition and matriculation fees for the entire term. No reduction is granted in case of dismission, or in case of voluntary withdrawal, except when necessitated by pro- tracted illness or other providential causes. 90 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Tuition fees are remitted to the sons of itinerant Meth- odist ministers, and to young men preparing themselves for the itinerant Methodist ministry. The latter must present certificates from the presiding elders of the dis' tricts from which they come, and must connect themselves with the church at Greensboro. They are required to give notes for tuition to be void when they admitted into full connection in an Annual Conference. COLLEGE RESIDENCE. Occupied first by J. C. Wills, second by Andrew Sledd, third by B. P. Richardson. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 91 Aid to Worthy Young Men. It is the policy of the Southern University to aid wor- thy young men who desire a college education and who cannot meet all necessary expenses while in college. Ac- cordingly worthy and deserving young men will be cred- ited for their tuition and required to give their notes for same, payable after they leave college. A number of students partly support themselves while at college by work of various kinds in Greensboro. Expenses Session of 9 months divided into two terms : Tuition per term - - - $25 00 Matriculation fee per term 4 00 Library fee per term .. - 2 00 Gymnasium fee per term 1 50 Special Fees Chemistry per term $ 5 00 Physics per term 1 50 Biology per term 1 50 Diploma 5 00 These special fees, required only of student who enter these departments, must be paid at the beginning of the term. Summary of Expenses for Entire Session MINIMUM MEDIUM MAXIMUM Tuition $ 50 00 $ 50 00 $ 50 00 Matriculation 8 00 8 00 8 00 Gymnasium 3 00 3 00 3 00 Library .. .-. 4 00 4 00 4 00 Board - - 99 00 112 50 135 00 $164 00 $177 50 $200 00 92 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY The above does not include cost of books and laundry. Books cost from $7.00 to $12.00 a year. Laundry need not cost more than $10.00 to $12.00 for entire session. The matriculation fees and tuition must be paid at the beginning of each term. LOAN FUNDS. (Catalogue 1906.) Martin Fund A few years ago Mrs. Amanda V. Martin created a loan fund, known as the "Amanda Martin Fund," which, un- der God, has been a great blessing to the college and to the young men given by its aid to the Methodist ministry. This fund was established to assist young men prepar- ing for the ministry who are otherwise unable to meet the expenses for their college cource. The beneficiaries give their notes, which, for one year succeeding date of loan, are non-interest bearing. Ann B. Betts Fund. A similar loan fund is now available through the muni- ficence of Mrs. Ann B. Betts, whose bequest is gratefully acknowledged. The interest accruing from this fund will be applied to the assistance of young ministers in the pros- ecution of their studies. Banks Memorial Fund. This fund is established in memory of Newton P. Banks, for the purpose of assisting young men who are preparing for the ministry. This fund will be increased from year to year, and care- fully administered according to the conditions named by those who established it. The Holloway Fund Mr. W. E. Holloway has begun an endowment fund which he proposes to increase from time to time, the same to be used according to conditions named by him in assisting young men preparing for the ministry. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 93 The Dumas Fund This fund, established by Mrs. Lelia Dumas, will be ap- plied to the endowment of the institution, administered as directed by her. It is her purpose to increase same from time to time. The Wiggins Fund This fund established by C. L. Wiggins, Pine Barren, Fla., will be applied to the permanent endowment of the institution and administered as he directs. This fund, which is already a considerable sum, will be increased by him from time to time. The Greensboro Fund The Board of Stewards of Greensboro charge have cre- ated a loan fund, whereby they will assist worthy young men from the laity who, unaided, are financially unable to pursue their course. The faculty wish to express their appreciation of these gifts and their gratitude to Almighty God that He is moving upon the hearts of His people, who are able to do so, to aid in this most worthy cause. But the demand for loans is far in excess of the supply of funds. Will not others help? The A. S. Andrews Scholarship Fund. This fund, established by the Church at Union Springs, in memory of Dr. A. S. Andrews, is intended to be in- creased until the interest on the principal will support at least one student each year. It is indeed a worthy effort upon the part of our people at Union Springs to perpetuate the memory of this great and good man, who did so much for Christian educa- tion in Alabama, in this way. The Scarbrongh Memorial Fund. This fund is established by Mrs. Julia E. Scarbrough in memory of her son, Robert S. Scarbrough. It is her pur- pose that this fund shall be used to aid worthy young men who are preparing for the ministry that they may equip themselves well for their high calling. 94 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Aid to Worthy Young Men. It is the policy of the Southern University to aid worthy young men who desire a college education and who can- not meet all necessary expenses while in college. Ac- cordingly worthy and deserving young men will be credit- REV. R. R. JONES. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 95 ed for their tuition and required to give their notes for same, payable after they leave college. A number of stu- dents partly support themselves while at college by work of various kinds in Greensboro. Bob Jones Permanent Conference Fund. The Association, realizing the inestimable benefits which have accrued to the young men and the Association from sending delegates to the Summer Student Conference at Ashville, have established a permanent conference fund. By the aid of this fund, any young man may at- tend the Conference, there catching a glorious vision of the Risen Christ and return to this Association filled with ■■■■% JNO. A. STRAITON. Architect and builder of new Chapel and founder of the Ready Debater's Medal. inspiration and power. One-fourth of this fund which is to be made $400.00 will be loaned each year to student delegates from the college. This loan will bear interest after one year from the time the student leaves college, if not paid by that date. In appreciation of the generous gift of $100.00 to the 96 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY fund by the Evangelist, Rev. R. R. Jones, the Association has called it the Bob Jones Permanent Conference Fund. Medals Founded. John A. Straiton — Ready Debater. John G. Apsey — Ready Writer. Hal Y. Webb — Scholarship United Daughters of Con- federacy. Faculty — Sophomore Declamation. Faculty — Junior Oration. Hamilton Hall. Hamilton Hall is a dormitory and boarding building well situated on a very fine lot immediately in front of the Main Building across the street from the campus. Rooms are let and meals are furnished. It has been established and maintained for the benefit of those who wish to pur- sue their college course at the least possible expense. Many of the best students of the University are connected with this department, and we recommend it to the fa- vorable attention of our friends and patrons. The cost of board, lights and fuel in this department is $12.00 per month. Students provide their own toilet articles and bed-cloth- ing. The rooms are furnished with bedsteads, mattress- es, springs, tables and chairs. The Hall is equipped with electric lights. RESOLUTIONS. To Parents and Guardians. Parents and guardians are requested not to encourage their sons to visit their homes during the session, or to leave the University until the close of the Commence- ment exercises. Merchants and others are notified not to credit stu- dents, except by written permission of their parents. Frequent reports of the progress and deportment of all students are made to the President. If at any time the OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 97 student persists in being irregular in his deportment, or fails in the performance of his college duties, his parent or guardian will receive notice. Students from other colleges must bring certificates of honorable dismission. No student shall be allowed the possession of firearms or deadly weapons. No student will be received for a shorter period than one term, and all will be held responsible for the tuition fees, whether present or absent, until they are regularly discharged. The college fees in all cases, are required to be satis- factorily settled before the student is permitted to enter upon a second term. No student is allowed to graduate or take part in the Commencement exercises, nor will a cer- tificate of honorable dismission be given, until all arrear- ages are paid. Discipline In the judgment of the Faculty and Board of Trustees the least legislation that secures good government is best. They would encourage self-control in accordance with the true ideals of life. Students are put upon their honor and trusted until it is found they will not respond to con- fidence, when they are advised to return home. Demerit System Censure of a student's conduct is usually expressed in demerits. The President and Faculty deal with each case upon its merits. When the demerits of any student, at any time during one term, shall have reached one hundred and fifty, he will be immediately dismissed, and in no case be readmitted into the University except upon appli- cation, or in writing from his parent or guardian, accom- panied with satisfactory assurance from himself of future good conduct. Diligent efforts are made to stimulate and encourage students to faithful application in their studies, and to inspire in them an earnest desire for all that goes to make true character and Christian manhood. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 99 Church Attendance All students are required to attend church Sunday morning, and are encouraged to attend Sunday school. Chapel Exercises A morning service of Scripture reading, song, and prayer is held five times a week, and attendance is re- quired. Monday is made as nearly a holiday as possible, and on that day there are only a few smaller classes and no chapel exercises. College Cal endar A very improving series of college exercises will be shown by reference to the Calendar. These will be dis- tributed according to the dates there shown, and thus come at appropriate intervals for the best improvement of the students. Schedule Hours. The weekly schedule of class periods cannot be varied to avoid conflicts; but students should arrange work ac- cording to a plan so as to avoid conflicts for themselves. The regular courses require three recitations per week in each subject. Absence from Recitations If a student's absence from recitations in any subject shall have reached one-eighth of the required recitations in that subject for one term, the student must stand an additional examination in that subject. When the ab- sences from recitations shall have reached one-sixth of the required recitations for one term, the student's regis- tration in that class will be cancelled. A committee of the Faculty may restore cancelled registration for satis- factory reasons. Examinations There are held during the session two examinations, which every student is required to attend. The interme- diate examination in January covers the subjects of in- 100 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY struction of the first half of the course or first term. The final examination in May covers the subjects studied dur- ing the second half of the course or second term. These examinations are conducted in writing, and the same questions are to be answered by the whole class. Examination grades are combined and averaged with the daily average grades. If the student's final average is valued at 80 per cent, he is ranked distinguished; 70 to 80 per cent., GOOD; 60 to 70 per cent., PASSABLE; less than 60 per cent., deficient; and his proficiency is not re- garded as sufficient to justify his advancement to a higher class. The examinations are sufficiently comprehensive and difficult to render it impossible for a student, with- out diligence, to secure a place in the first of these classes, which is a mark of honor. RESIDENCE OF PROF. C. P. ATKINSON. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 101 Presiding Elders of Greensboro District during the history of the college. The district at one time embraced the Birmingham territory. From W. E. W. Yerby's History of Greensboro. T. J. Roger, 1852-55; J. W. Starr, 1856; J. J. Hutchin- son, 1857-58; T. J. Ramsey, 1859; Edward Wadsworth, 1860; J. W. Starr, 1861; C. C. Callaway, 1862-65; Abram Adams, 1866; J. L. Cotton, 1867-68; A. H. Mitchell, 1871-79; S. H. Cox, 1880; H. Urquhart, 1881- 84; J. Bancroft, 1884-86; T. J. Mangum, 1886; 0. R. Blue, J. R. Peavy, J. Bancroft, 0. C. McGehee, John A. Peterson, W. P. Hurt, E. A. Dannelly. Preachers in Charge. C. C. Callaway, 1854-55 ; Edward Wadsworth, 1856-57 ; Wm. Shapard, 1858-59; T. J. Ramsey, 1860-61; J. A. Heard, 1862; R. H. Hargrove, 1863; T. T. Ramsey, 1864-65; T. O. Summers, 1866; J. C. Wills, 1866; T. C. Weir, 1867-68; John S. Moore, 1869-71; A. S. Andrews, 1872-75; O. R. Blue, 1875; H. Urquhart, 1876; J. Lewisi Jr., 1877-80; F. M. Peterson, 1881-84; A. S. Andrews 1885; W. P. Dickinson, 1886-89; O .C. McGehee, 1889-92; J. O. Keener, 1893-04 ; A. S. Andrews, July, 1894 ; W. M. Cox, 1894-98; C. L. Chilton, 1898-1902; T. R. McCarty, 1902-03; E. L. Crawford, 1903-06; Henry Trawick, 1907. The following served as pastors while connected with the college : J. C. Wills, John S. Moore, A. S. Andrews ; J. Lewis, and F. M. Peterson. 102 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY R. F. MONETTE, A. B.. M. D. President of Alumni Association, 1906. SOCIETY OF ALUMNI. The object of this society is to unite the graduates in a common bond of fellowship and to foster their love for their Alma Mater, and their interest in her welfare. The annual business meeting is held Tuesday evening of Com- mencement Week at 8:30 o'clock. On Tuesday evening of Commencement one of their number delivers an oration before the public in the college chapel. At a recent meeting a committee was appointed to raise funds for the endowment of a Chair of History. The plan is as follows : The committee are to secure non-interest- bearing notes payable in four installments. The notes are to be drawn for $25.00, $50.00, $100.00 and upward. The work was intrusted to the following committee : D. P. Christenberry, F. M. Peterson, L. P. Giddens, A. L. Andrews, E. A. Dannelly, E. L. Crawford, E. K. Turner. The committee have raised in subscriptions $13,500. The amount collected to date is $4,000. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 103 Present Officers of the Association, (1906.) President R. F. Monette. First Vice-President C. W. Gavin. Orator Junius Jordan, Secretary and Treasurer L. P. Giddens. Editor H. C. Howard. Committee on Memoirs ... D. P. Christenberry, F. Seay. AUTHOR'S RESIDENCE. APPENDIX The Presidents and Acting Presidents from 1856-1906. Wm. M. Wightman, Nov. 24, 1856-June, 1868, Edward Wadsworth, June 1867-Dec. 1870. Allen Scheen Andrews, 1870-1874; 1883-June 1894. Luther M. Smith, Oct 1875- 1880. Josiah Lewis, 1880-1881. Francis Peterson, 1881- 1883; 1899. Jno. Ormon Keener, 1894-1898. Sam'l. M. Hosmer, 1899, to the present. Drs. Lupton, J. S. Moore, and Professor Grote served at short intervals as Chair- man of the Faculty. The Faculty of the Southern University 1856-1906. Edward Wadsworth, A. M., 1859-70, Moral Philosophy. N. Thos. Lupton, A. M., 1859-71, Chemistry. 0. F. Casey, A. M., 1859-76, Ancient Languages. J. C. Wills, A. M., 1859-71, Mathematics. J. A. Reubelt, 1860-61, Mod. Languages & Hebrew. Jno. S. Moore, A. M., 1871-84, Mathematics. D. M. Rush, A. M., 1872-74, Mathematics. T. O. Summers, Jr., 1871-74, Chemistry. T. D. Mitchell, 1874-76, Chemistry. 1. S. Hopkins, 1876-78, Science. e C. A. Grote, A. M., 1876-94, Science & Modern Lan- guages. J. Lewis, Jr., 1875-81, English. C. M. Verdel, A. M., 1876-81, Science. F. M. Peterson, A. M., D. D., 1877-99, Ancient Lan- guages. J. A. Moore, A. M., Ph. D., 1883-94, Mathematics. L. C. Dickey, 1883-94, English & History. Rev. J. F. Sturdivant, 1885-90, English. E. L, Brown, B. S., 1889-03, Science. C. L. McCartha, 1890-92, English. D. P. Christenberry, A. M., 1892 to present, English. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 105 L. P. Giddens, A. B., 1894-1905, Mathematics. Rev. J. W. Shoaff, D. D., 1899-02, Mental & Moral Phil- osophy. J. T. Littleton, A. M., Litt. D., 1899 to present, Mod- ern Languages. E. K. Turner, Ph. D., 1899-03, Ancient Languages. Andrew Sledd, Ph. D., 1903-04, Greek. E. L. Colebeck, M. A., 1902-1905, Ancient Languages. B. P. Richardson, B. S., 1903 to present, Science. C. P. Atkinson, A .M., 1904 to present, Mental & Moral Philosophy. D. M. Key, M. A., 1906, to present, Ancient Languages. F. E. Chapman, M. A., to present, Mathematics. From the above list all adjunct professors have been omitted. There may be some omissions of regular profes- sors, as the list was compiled from the regular proceed- ings of the Board of Trustees, and at times instructors were secured by the Presidents. Some of the degrees of the instructors may also have been omitted, owing to the lack of information. The following are a few of those who had charge of the Preparatory Department: O. F. Casey; Chas. Lane; J. M. P. Otts; T. D. Mitchell; Rounce- val Dowdell; A. H. Moore; A. W. Smith; L. C. Dickey; W. H. Geisler; J. F. Sturdivant; B. F. Marshall; E. K. Turner ; J. A. Baxley. Some of these also served as reg- ular professors. A complete list cannot be made as the minutes of the Faculty who elected the Preparatory teachers, prior to 1903 are lost. LIST OF HONORARY DEGREES CONFERRED BY THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY. Bishop E. M. Marvin, D. D. Rev. W. H. Andrews, D. D. Rev. Nathaniel H. Lee, D. D. Bishop O. P. Fitzgerald, D. D. 106 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL HISTORY Rev. C. D. Campbell, D. D. Rev. A. H. Redford, D. D. Rev. Thomas M. Finney, D. D. Rev. I. G. John, D. D. Rev. J. D. Cameron, D. D. C. Y. Rankin, D. D. M. B. Chapman, D. D. Prof. J. H. Philips, Ph. D. Bishop J. C. Keener, L. L. D. J. D. Andrew, D. D. Senator John T. Morgan, L. L. D. Rev. 0. R. Blue, D. D. Rev. John S. Moore, D. D. Rev. E. M. Bounds, D. D. W. C. Black, D. D. Governor Thomas Seay, LL. D. Dr. A. S. Andrews, L. L. D. J. W. DuBose, D. D. J. M. Mason, D. D. J. W. Newman, D. D. J. B. Gregory, D. D. J. R. Allen, D. D. J. 0. Keener, D. D. S. M. Hosmer, D. D. V. 0. Hawkins, D. D. J. R. Allen, D. D. W, C. Lovett, D. D. J. W. Shoaff, D. D. Hon. J. J. Garrett, L. L. D. Warner Moore, D. D. A. J. Lamar, D. D. F. M. Peterson, D. D. J. S. Frazer, D. D. J. L. Webber, D. D. George B. Winton, D. D. John A. Peterson, D. D. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 107 A. L. Andrews, D. D. 0. C. McGehee, D. D. Hon. A. A. Coleman, L. L. D. Wm. Posey Hurt, D. D. James Henry McCoy, D. D. Walter G. Isaacs, D. D. Richmond Pearson Hobson, L. L. D. Diplomas and Certificates Conferred istiu NAME Glass, J. V.. *Huey, B. M. DEGREES OCCUPATION ...A. B Building: Material . A. B Attorney PRESENT ADDRESS Birmingham 1861 Atkinson, Jos A. B Physician Arcadia, La. Littlejohn, J. B Chem Spillman, Win. F A. B Macon, Miss. *Urquhart, Hy : Latin Minister Ed. Ala. Chr. Advocate 1862 ♦Drake, Jas, E A. B. Jackson, Robt. H Chem. ♦Urquhart, H A. B. Planter Planter Minister Greensboro. *Harlan, J. W A. B. Osborn, Jas. D Chem. *Urquhart, H A. M. . Ed. Ala. Chr. Advocate. 1866 Borden, J. Lane Latin Physician Calloway. D. M Two Schools Teacher Selma. Crutcher, T. P Chem Happel, T. J A. M Physician Trenton, Tenn. ♦Hutchinson, E. N A. M *Magruder, A. B Ancient Language *Sampey, Jno. W Chem Teacher *Seay, T. J Two Schools Atty Goxernor of Alabama. * Summers, T. O. Jr Ancient Lang Surgeon ♦Walker, W Chem Editor and Teacher Brandon, Miss. Birmingham Selma .... St. Louis. Mr. New Orleans, La. 1867 Benners, Alfred H Chem Attorney Calloway, D. M A. M Teacher Chapman, W. B Chem Minister Dyer, Thos. W A. M Teacher Humphrey, D. G Chem Inge, W. B Two Schools Planter Greensboro. Jordan, Junius A. M Prof. Ped. Univ. Ark Fayetteville, Ark. ♦Keener, C Chem Minister ♦Magruder, H. B A. M ♦Peterson, J. J Two Schools Physician Portis, I. D Chem Ramsey, T. Y Chem Minister ♦Sampey, Jno. W A. B Teacher ♦Seay, Thos A. M Atty Governor of Alabama. ♦Summers, T. O. Jr A. B Surgeon Webb, L. D Chem Planter Greensboro. ♦Wills, Wm. D Chem Attorney 1868 Benners, A. H A. B Attorney Humphrey, H. B Chem Inge, W. B A. M Planter . Inge, Richard Chem Physician Parrish, A. G Chem ♦Peterson, J. J A. M Physician Birmingham. Greensboro. OF THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY 109 ♦Walker, Wm A. M. Waller, Chas. E Chem. Webb, L. D B. P. * Wills, W. D A. B. Editor and Teacher , Attorney .Planter Attorney , Brandon, Miss. . • . Greensboro. Greensboro. 1869 ♦Keener, Christian A. M Minister Nugent, C. J A. M Minister LaGrange, Ky. ♦Oliver, Hy. L Three Schools Teacher Osborn, Thos. H Chem Powell, Edw. \vis. J 33 Library 55 Littleton. J. T 47 Littleton's Residence 89 Lupton. N. T 23 Littlepage, Dan 63 Mathews, K. N 81 Main Building 21 Martin, C. P 86 Martin, Helen 58 McCurdy, Geo 81 McCartha, C. L 37 McCarty T. R 83 McCoy, J. H 51 PAGE McCoy. W. C 3S McDonnell, A. H 78 McDonnell, Archie 63 McFaddin, Dorothy 58 McGehee, P. D 63 McGehee, R. B 63 McGehee. W. W 84 McNeal, W. H 81 McLeod, C. J 86 Milligan 79 Mitchell. A. H 12 Mitchell, T. D 31 Monette, R. F 102 Moore, J. A 51 Moore, J. S 33 Moore, Mark 79 Moore, W. H 84 Murrah, W. B 49 Methodist Church 9S Newman, O. B 86 Ormond, R. P 81 Ormond, J. W 81 Overstreet. Alberta 58 Peck, Henry 59 Peterson, F. M., M. D 32 Peterson, Prof 34 Phi Delta Theta 86 Pi Kappa Alpha, '07 76 President's Residence 88 Pringle, F. L 76 Price, W. F 81 Purcell, T. M 84 Powers, C. B 81 Richardson' s Residence 90 Richardson, B. P 47 Roberts, Hoisted 86 Rush, C. A 53 Rencher, W. P 79 Seal of College 6.. 6.. 6.. 6.. 66 Cover Seay, Gov. Thos 69 Sellers, A. M 76 Sessions, R. E 81 Shamburger, B. R. Shamburger, V. M. Shoaff, D. E Shoaff, J. W PAGE . . . . 76 .... 76 .... 84 . . . . 47 . . . . 78 .... 79 Sigma Alpha Epsilon, '07 Sigma Chi, '79 Smith, Dr. Luther 30 Spain, F. E 78 Steele, L. C 84 Straiton, Mary 58 Straiton, John A 95 Stickey, W. B 79 Sturdivant, J. F 37 Tarry, Geo. W 79 Tebault, R. C 86 Turner, E. K 46 Turner, Jack, 79. Taylor, Prof. T. A 51 'iUrnipseed, W. 63 Verdel, Chas. M 31 Watson, G. M 76 Wadsworth, Edward 22 Walker, Fanny 58 Walker, Josie 58 Ward. E. B 79 Ward, T. B 63 Ward, T. R 79 Watkins, L. H S4 Weber, L. J 78 Whatley, F. S 78 Whittle, F. F S6 Wightman. Wm. M 25 Williams, Mabel 58 Williams, Judge R. L 49 Wills, J. C 23 Wilson, G. N 84 Wittich, Ben 86 Wood, Judge P. G 36 Wood, P. G 53 Woodward, R 81 Young Clara 5S Young, G. D 76 -152- Index PAGE Abernathy, B. G 34 Allen, Ethel 56 Alpha Kappa Phi 71 Alumni Association 46, 102 Alumni Roll 108-118 Andrew, J. 59 Andrew, Bish J. 17, 20 Andrews, A. S 11, 26, 29, 30, 36, 41 Andrews. TV. F 53 Athletics 62 Atkins, Joseph 34 Atkins, John 34 Atkins. John H 34 Atkinson, C. P 105 Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity 83 Auburn 16 Avery. A. M 34 Avery, D 20 Avery. Robert 72 Baker, A. C 20 Baker. R. A 17 Banks Memorial Fund 92 Banks, R. TV 66 Baxley, J. A 56 105 Belles Lettres Society 70 Betts. Ann B 92 Blackford, V. T 34 Blue, O. R 59 Briggs. Richie 29 Brown, E. L 44, 104 Buchanan, James 20 Callaway. C. C 16, 17, 19, 59 Candler, W. A. Bishop 59 Casey, O. F 24, 26, 104, 105 Castleman, D. J 34 Certificates 10S Chadwick, S. W 34, 66, 67 Chair, History Alumni 102 Chairs established 22 Challenge Debate 68, 72 Chapel 43 Chapel exercises 50, 99 Chapman, G. C 56 Chapman, F. E 105 Chapman, M. B 70 Charter 16, 18, 35, 138 Charter Trustees 17 Childress. H. C 20 Chilton, C. L 14, 59, Christenberry, D. P 54, 70, 103, 149 Christian, C. D 66 Church attendance 99 Clark. C. B 70 Clariosophic Society 66 Cobbs, E. E. 56 Cocke, J. T. B 20 Co-education 58 Colebeck, E. L 104 Coleman, A. A 17, 29, 34 Coleman, James B 34 Coleman, Phares 80 College of Alabama 13 Commencement, the first 27 Commission to found S. U 16 PA Contributors 19, Corner Stone laid .' Cowin, S Crawford, E. L Creigh, G. W Curriculum Daniel, C. D Dannelly, E. A Davis, R Debt ../. DeGraffenreid, E. W Degrees and Certificates 108 Demerit system Denominational schools 10, 11, 13, DeYampert, L. Q. C. 16, 17, 19, 20, Dickey, L. C 38, Discipline Dobbs. H. M Dowdell, R Dominick, F. M Dowling Drake, Gaston 17, DuBois, John E DuBois. John Dubois, R V Dugger. H. B Dumas, Mrs. Leila Duncan, J. C Drake, J. E East Alabama Male College 13, Ellis, J. D Ellis, C. C Elective system Emory and Henry Endowment 19, 20, Erwin, John 16, 17, 19, 20, Examinations Expenses Faculty 104- Faculty. nominated Faculty, removal Felden. L. A Female Colleges Financial Policy 32, Florence Wesleyan 13, Fraternities Frazer, J. S 46, Galloway, C. B. Bishop Garland, L. C 16, Garrett. J. J. Prof 29, Gavin, C. W Geisler, TV. H Giddens, L. P 102, 103, Gibson. A. J Glass. J. V 27, Goodman, D. W Gatch, Thomas A 26, Grote, C. A 36, 38, Grote, Minna Miss Gymnasium 63, Griffin. J. D Glover. F. L Hand. O. C. ' Hardaway. TV. R GE 34 20 19 101 70 128 74 101 20 29 72 -118 97 16 59 105 97 56 105 75 34 19 34 20 20 20 93 71 71 15 27 70 44 li PAGE Hamill ,R. G 20 Hamilton Hall 96 Hamilton, J 17, 29, 34, 59 Hamilton, Jesse 20 Hamilton, W. C 54 Harris, J. W 71 Harvard 10 Harvey, John G 17, 101 Heard, J. S 17, 101 Heflin, J. T 74 Henry, R. H.' 71 Hill. F. F 34 Hill, J. C 54 Hilliard, H. W 17 Hobson, B. C 20 Hobson, E. L 20 Hobson, James M 34 Hobson, James M. Jr 56 Hobson, R. P 56, 74 Hobson, S. A 56 Howard, H. C 103 Holloway Fund 92 Hopkins, I. S 104 Honorary degrees 105 Honored names 59 Hosmer, S. M 44, 70 Hosmer, Loula 52 Hosmer, Maria 52 Howard College 14 Huey, B. M 27, 71 Huckabee, Ed 34 Hunt, R. S 17. 20 Hurt, W. P 101 Hutchinson. W. T 17, 20 Improvements 89 Inge, R. Dr 29, 35 Iota Phi Fraternity 82 Jackson, R. H 27, 71 Johnson, A 20 Johnson, Robert 20 Johnston, T. M : 17 Jones, A. C 19, 34 Jones Madison 33. 59 Jones, R. R 95 Jones. W. W 34 Jones, A. M 66 Jordan, Junius 70, 103 Kappa Alpha Fraternity 80 Keener, J. C 59 Keener, J. 41, 44, 61, 73 Kennedy, W. E 20 Koger, T. J 17 Key, D. M 105 LaGrange College 13, 14 Lamar, A. J 46, 59 Lancaster, M. R 20 Landrum, L. D 72 Lands 20 Lane, Charles 105 Law 29 Lawson, Lewis 20 Lawson and Son 34 Library 15, 52 Loan Funds 92 Location 86 Locke, W. H 34 Locke, Miss Annie 52 Lupton, N. T 23, 26, 29, 61, 104 Lavender, W. H 34 Lewis, Josiah 35, 104 PAGE Littleton, J. T 105 Marshall, B. F 105 Martin, Amanda 92 McCann, J. E 63 McConnell, Rosco 38 McCartha, C. L 104 McCoy, W. C 38, 59 McDuffey, John 56 Medicine 29 Meigs, S. C 54, 56 Melton, J. J 20 Military 20, 27 Miller, W. G 34 Mitchell, A. H 11. 12, 16, 17, IS, 59 Mitchell, J. C 20 Mitchell, T. D 18, 105 Moore, A. H 29, 105 Moore, J. A 38, 54, 62 Moore. I. R 19 Mooi e, J. Alexander 27, 70 Moore, J. S. Dr 30, 35, 104 Moore, R. W 20 Moore, Syd 20 Murrah, Wm. B 29, 74 Medals Founded 96 Monette, R. F 103 Nabors, R. T 74 Neely, P. P 17 Nelson, Gideon E 17, 19, 59 Nelson, John 19 Napier, J. W. S 20 Opening, the first 24, 25 Oratory 56 Osborne, Dr 29 Otts, J. M. P 105 Paine, Bishop 14, 17, 20, 59 Peck, Henry 41, 60, 62 Perry, Frank 20 Peterson, F. M., M. D. . . 19, 29, 33, 34, 59 Peterson, F. M.. Prof 27, 29, 33, 35, 36, 38, 44, 70 Peterson, J. J 34 Peterson, W. W 71 Phi Delta Theta Fraternity 85 Phi Kappa Sigma 66 Pickens, Samuel 20 Pickett, Margaret, Miss 58 Pierce, Bishop 20, 59 Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity 76 Plant 87 Polytechnic Institute 15 Pool, J. H 20 Powers, E. A 34 Powers, Jack 34 Powers, W. 1 59 Powers, W. W 34 Presidents 104 Prizes 101 Presiding Elders 101 Preachers in Charge 101 Program Semi-Centennial 149 Porter, F. E 54 Ramsey, E. F 71 Ramsey, T. J 17, 101 Randolph-Macon 14 Randolph, T. B 34, 66 Religious Aims S, 10, 11, 50 Reubelt, J. A 26, 104 Requirements for admission 123 PAGE .... 7 . . . . 53 . . . . 34 . . . . 34 . . . . 53 . . . . 54 .... 104 .... 105 . . . . 56 . . . . 77 References (Preface) Review and Bulletin Robertson, S Royal, Alice Rush, C. A Ross, C. A Rush, D. M Richardson, B. P Sadler, Howard Sigma Alpha Epsilon Salaries, 30, 32, 34, 41, 44 Sanborn, H. A 20, 34 Scarborough, Mrs. J. E 93 Scholarships -•-- 92 Seay, Frank 103 Seay, Thomas 29, 69, 70 Sellers, Geo. M 11-41 Semi-Centennial Exercises Program 149 Sessions, R. E 56 Shoaff, J. W 44, 105 Sigma Chi Fraternity 7 Simpson, J. D 50 Sledge, J. N 34 Sledd, Andrew 63, 105 Smaw, W. R 34 Smith, A. W 105 Smith, Luther 50 Smith, Dr. Luther M 30, 33, 35 Societies 66 Soule, Bishop 20 Southern University Monthly 53 Speaking 134 State Normal School 15 Steinhart, B 34 Stockton, D. D 20 Stewart, Chas 20 Stollenwerck 59 Stollenwerck, H. A 34 Students, number 25 Sturdivant. J. F 105 Summers, T. 27, 29, 104 Tallman, J. A 20 Taylor, T. A 72 Terrell, F. B 66 Theology 29 PAGE Trinity College 14 Trustees, Charter 17 Tucker, John S 34 Turner, E. K 70, 105 Tutwiler, Julia, Miss 58 Tuition, Dues, etc 89 University of Alabama 14 Urquhart, H 70 Verdel, C. M 104 Watson, W. C 54 Wadsworth, Dr. E 13, 15, 17, 22, 23, 26, 60, 61, 104 Walker, H. J 34 Waller, Chas. E 34 Walton, J. W 16, 17, 19 Walton, Miss Willie 54 War, Civil 27 Ward, E. B 56 Ward, T. R., Dr 20 Webb, J. E 34 Webb, J. H. Y 19, 33, 34, 59 Webb, Samuel S 20 Webb, Dr. Wm. T 17, 19 Webster, G. T 34 Wesley' s School 12 West's History 8 Whitfield, N. I, 72 Wightman, Wm. M 22, 25, 26, 28, 59 Wiggins, C. L, 93 Wiley, Jas. M 20 Wilkinson, Dr. D. L 27 Williams, J. H 70 Williamson, T. H 20 Wills, J. C 26, 104 Winn, W. A 20 Winston, Gov 18 Wofford 14 Wood, P. G. Jr., 53 Wood, W. D 34 Wood, P. G 53 Yale, 14 Yell, Clario 67 Yell, Belles Lettres 73 Y. M. C. A 50 **AY 6 1909