i§; ^; 'ft Turin Workshops ^iPGeoj^a — Friaoiv Cerrtetenr rsBMoiwds DD □ Qr- Master CZ]CZD NINETEEN MONTHS A PRISONER OF WAR ^n tlic ^anbs of t^c Rebels EXPERIENCE AT BELLE ISLE, mmmi mmm and andersoni^ille: SOME ITEMS WITH REFERENCE TO CA_PT. ^Y1J^Z, ■^y MAP OF THE ANDERSONVILLE PRISON CAMP, CALLED CAMP SUMTER. MILWAUKEE: STARR .V: SON, PRINTERS, 312 AND .314 EAST WATER STREET. 1865. 1^1 AnkrsomlleTt D Dl on at] TunmsB.Uounds Camp Sumter, Ga, vm CAP! WIRZ ^^ . " ^T i^c-^^ has |ieniiission until further orders and return^S^-^^r?^^^^^ ,3. '/*"•• ^'-y^'T^ viJid'g PrUou. \^p ./^ Sentry I'lutl'oiiiis Reb. Hotp. (/mint firu/ ffm/^/tf rhwugh //(f/i/tfshy Wm. C. Pitt, A proflMWPF (!i)ir WaF Bi MflDnnltlhis all BELLE ISLE, RICHMOND, DANVILLE AND ANDERSONVILLE . ""B". L*i country, it so happoued that no rosistinL;; army was found and consequent]}'' tliere was no fight. The command reached the Chicauiauga battle field, late in tlie night of Saturday the 20th. There had been pretty heavy fighting that day, and the right wing, where Gren. Lytic imme- diately after his arrival took position, was found in a somewhat disorganized and confused condition. IsTo further battle was considered as probable, for the reason that the preceeding day's work had been very exhausting to both sides and that a recupe- ration by repose would be necessary. Pnrthermore it was the Sabbatli, a day of rest. The killed and wounded had only been partially taken care of, but about 9 A. M., the Rebels opened fire and the bloody contest was at once inaugurated, the nuiin feature of which have become familiar to all, and as the writers purpose or inclination do not lead him to compile this bloody page in history, it is omitted, and we pass on to the time of Anderson's capture, this took place about noon on the same day. As before remarked the right wing was found in some con- fusion, this increased as the battle proceed, and Anderson and others found themselves completely enveloped by the emeny who were driving the Union forces — they were made prisoners. Directly afterwards an Illinois Regiment made a furious attack on that portion of the rebel lines in which Anderson was held and drove the enemy back. It was at this iime that Anderson gave the guard the slip, and concealed himself. This was only an escape from the guard. The enemy fleeing and the Union forces pursuing, passed him in his hiding place. The contest was raging with such violence just then, that it was very difli- cult to tell the position of friend or foe. A great many of the rebels wore the U. S. blue uniform, which made the case more embarrassing. The first thing to be thought of as soon as pru- dence would allow, was to find the Union lines, and get into 14 them if ^ssible. This was a very difficult piece of business for several reasons. Tlie woods were dense and the underbrush formed a complete thicket. The position ot" no portion of either army was known to Anderson, to add to the trouble he come on the ground in the dark of the niij-ht, and when tlie conflict com- raenced in the mornin'r he had not found his bearings. On looking around he found a few ot his comrades in the same po- sition as himself. All at their wits ends to know what to do or which way to move. After a careful reconnoitering of the position, and a full consultation as to what was to be done, they started in the direction decided upon. TUiey had not gone far before they came upon private Grunanger one of their com- rades of the 24th, who was Avounded in the knee. He was as anxious to get his regiment as they were, but could give them no information as to the position of either friend or foe. His Avound was so severe that he could not move a step, Anderson and his friends took him up and carried him a half mile, when it became apparent to all parties concerned that it was simply a waste of stregth and time, they laid him down by a tree, built him a fire and left him some water, they also told him that if they were in the Union lines, and if it proved in the line of possibilities they would send or l)ring him such relief as his case demanded. They however soon found that they were powerless to help either their wounded comrade or themselves. They were like a ship at sea, without pilot or compass. In the twilight of the evening in wandering about they came to a road and met sokliers in blue carrying wounded men from the field. Anderson at once suggested that they looked like rebels in the disguise of the U. S. uniform. The sudden nieetino; was so unexpected to both parties, each seemed a little confused. No one seemed inclined to speak the first word. After a short pause one of the men engaged in carrying the wounded broke silence by enquiring of Anderson in a tone and manner not easily misunderstood as follows; "I say stranger kin you tell me 15 where Bay's Ho spi till is?" Days' Hospital was an exclusive rebel institution. That question decided at once that they were rebels, and as they were armed, and our men were not, and furthermore outnumbering our little band two to one. Ander- son and his party ansAvered just as much as they chose and left at once for the woods and bushes. Before they got out of the liearing of the convcrsotion of their new made acquaintances, they had the })leasure of hearing one of them remark. "Why they look like Yanks." Chapter IV. JAMES S. ANDERSON FINALLY CAPTURED. " Society, friendship and love, Divinity bestowed upon man, Oh ! had I the wings of a dove. How soon would I taste you again. My sorrows tlien might 1 assuage. In the ways of religion and truth, Might lean from the wisdom of age, And be cheered by the sallies of youth." After escaping as related in the preceeding chapter, it being, after getting a sufficient distance from the rebels, quite dark, the little party bivouacked without fire or any other conveni- ence until daylight appeared. With daylight the party started again on its tramp at random " the usual way," and they "met by chance," Avhat I a brigade of Rebel Cavalry, who rode furi- ously toward them, and the leader in a loud voice, cried out, '' You d n Yankee, surrender." Thfc summons had to be obeyed of course. Here begins the troubles, experience and hardships of An- derson. The first thing he had to encounter at the hands of the chivalry, in the way of insult, followed his capture at once. 16 One of the chivalry, armed Avith a revolver rode up to him and demanded, ''have you got any jack-knife;" the answer was "yes." '' Let mo see it," demanded chivalry. Chivalry look- ed at it, seemed to admire it, Avantod it, offered $10 in confede- rate money, but did not make a trade. The only wonder is that he did not put it into his pocket, but he did not, he handed it back. This specimen of mankind, who seemed to think he was emu- lating Don Quixote or some other great lord, was a lad of six- teen, or thereabouts, with a coon-skin cap on his head, and a uniform on his body. to match. A vulgar little wretch who would, in any well regulated city in the United States, be sent to the Refonn School, or some worse place. The Colonel commanding, had a negro on his horse behind him which he had captured fi'om our side, and was carrj/iuf/ him ahout in tli.at u)sc ut" desti-oyiiig the best Govcrmnent that the SUM over shone upon so far at; history can enlighten lis on that point, and also the one Avhich conferred upon him those stupendous honors and responsibilities. AVhat was Gen. Breckenridge doing Avhen our troops Avere passing their lines. lie Avas issuing two days rations to his men, all consisting ol' two pieces of sugar cane each being about one foot long. The soldiers were in general ragged, barefooted and dirty. Gen. Breckenridge Avould have been ashamed to march this awkward unAvashed squad througli any respectable city or town in Chris- tendom. Poor Breckenridge 3'our case cannot but call to re- collection the immortal lines of Moore. •'The harps that once tlivo Taia.s Walls, The Saul of music Shed, Now hangs as mute on Taras Wall As if that Soul were flew So sleeps the pride of former days, So glory's thrill is oer And hearts that once beat high witJi paiu. Now feel that throb no more. You are uoav a fugitive in a strange land, probably never to return to that glorious country Avhich you so ingloriously desert- ed, certainly never to indulge in those gay and festive scenes which in former times gave you so much delight. On Tuesday, the 22d of March, the prisoners were marched to Tunnel Hill, there being about o,00() prisoners in all, in the line of march. Where they Avere going, no one kncAv. At this point. Col. West, of the 24th Wisconsin, Avas met, he Avas also a prisoner. Here an aggraviiting ein-iimstaiKH' urciirred. Orders had been given to issue tAvo day's rations to each prisoner. The rations were piled up in jjiain sight oi' the prisoners but befoi-e tiiey were distributed, nutrching orders Avere given, and away ihe prisoners marched Avith an ''aching void." and novation to supply the deficiency. 18 This was not the end of the catastrophe. In going out of tlie prison pen, in passing the gate the rubber blankets and can- teens were, by orders from head-([uarters, taken from each pris- oner as he passed the guard. Anderson's rubber was wrapped tightly in his woolen blanket and escaped. Finding that his canteen Avas in very great danger of seizure he took it from his person, placed it upon the ground and a single Avell directed stamp with his foot, placed the canteen beyond the hope of use- fulness. When he got out of the reach of observation he gave his rubber blanket to Col. West, because it was not customary to take such things from officers. When the prisoners were finally formed into line, the rebels evidently wanted to impress the Yankees at parting with an ex- agerated idea of their power, brought out the Georgia Militia, armed with great wooden SAVords. The prisoners could not help notwithstanding their exhausted condition, feeling slightly mirth- ful, and by a fcAv Avell directed questions dispersed, in a fcAv minutes, of this sjiccimen of chivalry. On Thursday, the 22d day of September, the prisoners avoic marched to Dalton and Avent into camp and drcAV rations — a pint of flour, Avith nothing to cook it in, mixed it Avith Avater and put it into the ashes to cook. When it Avas about half done orders came to fall in and of course the prisoners cake Avas dough. The object of making the men fall in Avas simply to march them through the town for exhibition. There Avas a large and intelligent audience on hand of both sexes. They called out as the prisoners passed — "you vandals," "you mis can't never subjugate weones, etc., etc. After the exhibition was over, the prisoners Avere marched back to camp again. The next nun-ning they Avere taken to Atlanta about 100 miles distant, when they arrived at about 4 P. ^NL, Wednesday, Sept. 23d, and were marched by a long route through the City. The gaping crowd stared at them — but they had the good fortune to 19 get good camping ground. This was however accidental. It so happened that the rehels had to quarter a large number of their own deserters in the town at the same time. They had already- got possession of the old vermin besieged quarters, and it was dangerous to undertake to change matters under the circum- stances, and thus it happened that our boys got their excellent quarters. The next day a reguhir detail of men was sent from the head quarters of the rebels to take from the prisoners their woolen blankets and jack-knives, they were marched through a narrow gate, and each man halted and relieved of his blanket at once, and then the hands of one of those authorized agents Avere thrust into the pockets of the victims in search of jack knives and other plunder. Col. West of the 24th Wisconsin witness- ing the outrage vehemently remonstrated — a dirty looking con- federate Captain, whose wearing apparel seemed to have been a stranger to change for many months, and whose face and hands indicated a "total abstinance " from water several Aveeks, called out "you needn't talk, they serve you right, you uns robbed me at Camp Chase, you took the shirt off my back." Anderson was standing near, and promptly answered, "well then they gave you a clean one in the place of it." This raised such a shout among both rebels and union men that the dirty Captain left. — The next night was very cold and the men suffered greatly. In the morning at day light the prisoners drew five days rations and started for the cars, bound to Richmond. At that time the prisoners numbered about 4000, but only about 2000 Avent by this train. Large number of people Avere on the ground to see the Northern vandals on their arrival at the depot, and as they had to Avait tAvo or three hours at, the depot, their curiosity had that length of time for gratification. While these precious secession specimens Avere gratifying their curiosity, they did not themseh^es escape observation, and it was found that in the sin of omission they were entitled to a 20 Dao-c ill history. Wlictlior it w.is ;ilso a sin of c-ommissiou di- vines must decide . Tavo trains of cars with wounded C(nifederate soldiers canif to the depot and halted loni;- enough to receive humane attention at least. There was no more attention paid to theni by tin' "■apinf rebel crowd thnn as tliouuli thcv w<'i'e so many cattle. No provision was oifered. no attention jiaid to their appeals for water. None of the men who had ])ledoed with these sold- iers their live;?, their fortunes, and their sacred honiu- to sus- tain the rebellion went to their relief. This is a case which might justify Olivei- (Toldsmiths expressed idea of friendship, when he says. And what is IVieudsliip but ;i iiuine, A charm that lulls to sleep : A shade that follows wealth aud liiiiic. And leaves the wretch to weep. Chapter V. ON THE WAY TO RICHMOND AND BELLE ISLE. A Pleasant Camping Ground — incidents— an encounter — A FIGHT. From Dalton after considerable delay the prisoners proceed- ed in freight cars towards Richmond, the Capital of the Con- federacy. They had by some means learned their destination, the horrors of Libby prison of course was presented to their views with a strong suspicion that they were to be the recipi- ents of " Southern hospitality " in that celebrated institution. In pursuing their journey reached Augusta, about 170 mlleB from Dalton, at about 1 o'clock A. M., of the next day. At Augusta, the prisoners Avere placed in the Baptist Ohiu-ch yard, a beautiful piece of ground, tastefully laid out and ornamented and shaded by the INlagnolia and other ornamental trees, some hopes was indulged by a few of the enthusiastic that this might •2i be tilt' place <>t' their future abode until i'\eiiaii:^e take a huig lasting lonk or stai-e at the ilreaded "'Yanks.' After a feAv hours stay at Cohuubia, the pi'isuners were taken by railroad to Chester, about 40 miles distant. A large num- ber of people oauie out to see the Yanks, and among them a very great many nabobs. Charleston at that time was being bombarded, and the wealthy non-combattants congregated at this point by some kiiul of instinct, perhaps, simply for the reason, "that birds of a feather flock together.'' The next place i-eachcd was Charlotte, N. C, Avhich place was reached about two o'clock in the morning, where the pris- oners Avere allowed the privilege of renuiining until day light, and then they proceeded to Salisbury, about 40 or 50 miles This place contains one of the Regular Military prisons. From Salisbury they proceeded to Greensboro wliere a slight incident occured The people as usual along the route turned out to sec what kind of a creature a "Y^ank" really appeared like. T'hey had evidently been led to believe in one or two things that they were frightful monsters, dangerous to approach without the pre- caution of chaining them or placing them in secure cages or else they were mean cowardly vandals. Of course in a small place there must of necessity be two parties. One believed in the idea that the Y''anks were ci^vards and the other that they were not. In one thing they were ail agreed, and that was that the Y^anks were placed in a, condition in which it would not he dangerous to go and see them. They therefore went witli the same feelings and emotions that people experience in going to a menagarie. After getting on the ground and seeing that the 22 prisoners were simply men, and waiting a short time for their nerves to get quieted, the valorous gentlemen who had expressed the popular opinion that the "Yank" were cowards, began to be abusive, calling the prisoners "Yanks," "vandals," cowards &.C., interlarding their expressions with indecent slang and pro- fanity. One of tliem wlio seeiiiod to be a leader, became so furi- ous in his denunciations that he soon attracted general attention Perceiving that he was the observed of all observers he became more abusive and violent, and finally talked himself into cour- age enough to approach the cars still uttering his denunciations? against the Government and the Northern people. One of the prisoners in tlie cars felt so outrageed at the language used by this specimen of chiv^dry that he jumped from the car, passed the guard in a twinking, and gave the bragadocia a sound thrashing in less than two minutes, and then quietly returned to his place in the car. The guard finding that things might grow serious, went to work and cleared the ground of all the brawlers and gazers. The prisoners route from Greensboro, was through Raleigh and Wel- don, arriving at Petersburg, September 30th, and were marched through the town in the dark in order to prevent the prisoners seeing or making an}- observations witli regard to the rebel for- tifications. Aftei- getting out of town, they were placed on the cars and went to Richmond, 22 miles, and the same day march- ed to Belle Island. Bollr Island, by its name, might seem to be a very pleasant place, and under some circumstances, in times gone by, was, but the boys in Blue did not find it so ; that is, the Western ones did not. They had no shelter. Their clothes were very thin and scanty, and the weather was remarkably and severel}'- cold. The prisoners had to walk all night to keep from freezing. To add to the misery, the rations served out were scanty and unwholesome. They consisted of one quarter loaf of very poor bread, one ounce of what Avas called beef, but vv'hich had a very small title to the name, a few buggy, goober 23 peas, and all this ready cooked in rebel style. And yet the men were reduced to such an extremity, that they awaited with impatience and anxiety their arrival and distribution. They were cooked at a distance from the camp, and were brought there by a steamer. The vile trash which Avas to supply the ''aching void " of an empty Stomach, was so longed for by the famished men, that no vessel ever approached shore that was more cordially welcomed than this conveyer of garbage was every morning by the half famishedprisoners. In the early part of December the cold be- came intense, and many prisoners froze to death. How many, cannot be ascertained at present — but it is certain, that in one night, six died by freezing. RETURN TO RICHMOND. Prison life there under Jeff. Davis' personal observa- tion EVERY day. He could not help knowing the condition of things occurring every day ''right under his nose" in his pre- tended established Capitol. On the fifth of March the prisoners were or ordered to fall in. Such as could do so obeyed the order, and were marched to Richmond, passing over Long bridge, which is from one (juarter to one half Jiiile long. The line of inarch gave the men a chance to soe Cattle Thunder to their left. Libby prison which was on the right hand, and Pemberton prison, wliere they turned the corner and went into what is called Smith's building, formerly used as a tobacco warehouse. They were placed in the third story. There a man known by the name of little Ross or Jack of Clubs came up to call tlte roll. If any of the men were tardy about falling in he would scold in a loud voice, and kick and cuff them, 24 prett_y boon 1m> hccaiDr .-^i; odious that tlir ])rii3oners -would call out en Jiiasse ou liLs making Win appearance '' Jack of Clubs," " Jack of Clubs," this at first made Iriui still more furious, but in the end had the effect to make him a little more decent in his deportment. If any prisoner made his appearance at the Avindow, a sentry would call out. ''Tuck your head in thar," and at the same time blaze away witli Ids musket Avithout any regard as to whom he would hit. A little incident (!ccLired lieic which may be worthy of men- tion — Frederick Reynor eing a line around the inner face of the stockaeing owned by the rebel Sur- geons, and were only hired to Turner l>y the term, and wheti their owners did not want to use them for sporting purposes, but at all times Turner Jiad a sufficient number to answer hia tiendish purposes. Jilvery morning T'urner took his hounds and patrolled around the camp, taking a circle of about two miles 47 from the camp for the purpose of finding a fresh track. If one was found, the hounds immediately followed. The only escape for the prisoner from being torn or mangled by the hounds was to climb a tree, and then his case was not better, the whole de- pending entirely upon the frame of mind that Mr. Turner might be in upon his arrival for if he Avas irritated at the length of time or trouble of catching the runaway, or for any other cause he A\ould after the man descended, set the dogs on him and lot them bite and tear the victim until his wrath was appeased, he did not allow the hounds to kill the man for that reason that when he delivered him alive he received thirty dollars " per head." On these excursions in tlie morning, Oapt. Wirz very fre- (jucntly accompanied Turner, audit was remarkable that he did 80 when there was a pretty "sure thing" in finding game. Capt. Wirz remained the same stern inflexible man, the same identi- cal character during the whole time of his administration. He rode the identical gray mare, and carried the same old revolvers from beginining to end. When he had caught a fugitive he never varied from his rule of putting him in the stocks. It may be as well to describe the stocks that were used before pro- ceeding any further. They Avere made of planks and so con- structed that in the day time a man confined in them would be compelled to stand all day, his neck being placed in a hole in two planks just large enough to receive it. At night his legs Avere placed each one through a hole similar to the one his neck had been during. the day. At night the confined man had to remain on his back, not being able to change his position. Just at this point in writing of this narrative, the following was handed to me. It is from the Daily Wisconsin of Milwaukee, and has the stamp on its face of genuineness, the AVisconsin does not say where it it came from, but as other printed statements have been admitted in this work. Wirz, own statement, of course could not in any sense of fairness be Omitted. His letter is as follows : 48 WIR7/ ACCOUNT OK FilAISELF AMtEii.-^nxviLLE, Ga., May 7, 1865. It is ^vitl) LTi'cat reluctance that I addre;;.s you these lincy, being i'ully aware how little time is left you to attend to such matters as 1 now liavc the iionoi- to lay hot'ore you. 1 am a native of Switzerland, and Avas before the war a citizen of Louisiana, by profession a physician. Like hundreds and thousands of others, I was carried aAvay by the nuilestrom of excitement and joined tlie Srmthei-n aiMiiy. 1 was very seriously wouiuled at the battle of the Seven I'ines near Richmond, Ya., and have nearly lost the use of my I'ia'ht aim. Unlit for field duty, I Avas ordered to report to Brevet General John II. AVinder,in chai'ge of Federal prisoners of war, who ordered me to take charge of a prison in Tuscaloosa, Ala. !My health failing me, I applied for a furlough and Avent to Europe, from Avhence I returned in February, 18(34; I Avas then ordered to report to the commandant of the military prison at Andersonville, Ga., avIio assigned me to the command of the interior of the prison. The duties I had to perform Avere arduous and unpleasant, and am satisfied that no man can or Avill blame me for things that happened here, and Avhich Avere beyond my poAver to control. I do not think that I ought to be held responsible for the shortness of rations, for the over- croAvded state of the prison, Avhich Avas in itself a prolific source of the fearful mortality, for the inadequate supplies of clothing, Avant of shelter, tfcc, tSic; still I noAV bear the odium, and men Avho Avere prisoners here seem disposed to Avreak their vengeance upon me for what they have suffered, avIio Avas only the medium, or, I may better say, the tool in the hands of my superiors This is my condition; I am a man Avith a family; I lost all my property Avhen the Federal army besieged Vicksburg; I have no money at present to go any place, and even if I had I knoAV of 49 no place whcvc I could <^()\ uiy life is in danj^er, and 1 most )-ospcctfully ask of 3'ou liclp and relief. If you will be so generous as to give me some sort of a safe conduct, or what I should greatly prefer a guard to protect myself and family against violence, I. shall be thankful to you, and you may rest assured that your protection will not be given to one who is unworthy of it. My intention is to return with my family to Europe as soon as I can make the arrangements. In the mean- time, I have the honor. General, to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. Y. WiRZ, Captain C.S. A. Major Ueneral J. J I. Wilson, United States Army, com- manding Macon, Georgia. This letter atlmits the whole case of the suffering and is ai sununed up in the single sentence of Capt. Wirz's letter " I do not think that I ought to be held responsible for the shortness of rations for the overcroAvded state of the prison which was in itself a prolific source of fearful mortality for the inadequate supplies of clothing, vrant of shelter, &c,, &c." This sentence means and contains a very large amount of use- ful information from a proper source. It is from the man in charge of this channel house. It was indeed a fearful moretal- ity. Thirteen thousand of our patriotic soldiers sleep their last sleep in the trenches called the burying ground of this modern Golgatha. The life of each one of these departed men was of as much consequence to him as that of Jeff Davis is to to him, or that of Capt. Wirz, is now to himself in this hour of tribulation. Capt. Wirz does not inform who is responsible. " Pouble, double toil and trouble. " Five buni and cauldi-on bubble.'' Heretofore the men had been calculating how long they were to live or rather how soon starvation would end their miseries, when a new trouble arose. Detachments of additional prisoners arrived every few days until the . number amounted to about 20,000 in the stockade before its enlargement. It at this time 50 contained about twenty-two acres. U now became a serious c|uestion as to how soon they were to be suffocated. The crowd was so great that it became impossible to call the roll. At least 7,000 or about one third of the whole number had no kind of shelter, neither had they blankets. They slept in the streets or wherever they could get a resting place. To add to the misery in the already sufficiently bad state of things in June there was about twenty-four days of incessant rain. Of course the dead wagons liad plenty of business. They began their business early in the morning and continued it generally nearly all day. There was what w^as called a hospital on the outside, but not one quarter of the exhausted sick and dying could get to it. Every morning men were found dead in the crowded stockade, and were carted off to their final resting place. It was now with the men, a question as to whether they were doomed to starvation by a slow process, or to die by suffocation in the crowded pen. One or the other seemed inevitable sooner oi- later. Vermin abounded to such an extent that they impregna- ted the sand through the whole camj). The soil is one continu- ed bed of sand. A person could take up a handful of sand and place it in the sun on a shingle, and pretty soon the quantity would be diminished by the creeping out of these pests. The one making the experiment need not go to any particnlai- hieal- ity, but could arrive at the same results in any portion uf the pen. It was remarked before, that in June there Avere 24 days rain. In this continued storm, a portion of the stockade at the creek which passes through the pen, Avashed away, affording (juite a chance of escape, but no one availed himself of it. The reason was, every one was so weak, drenclied and emacia- ted that there was no courage or ambition left. Abcut the first day of July, the Stockade Avas enlarged to the dimensions rep- resented on the map, bat prisoners still kept pouring in until the number Avas swelled to thirty-tAvo thousand. So tiie case Avas not made so much better as at first glance might be imagin- 51 cd. In filer, it every day d Inf., Oct. 5, 1864, scurvy. 10395 F Winchel, private, company 1), 17th Inf , Oct. 6, 1864, scurvy. 10427 P Hanes, private, company D, 10th Inf., Oct. G, 1864, scurvy. 10536 F Keane, Corporal, company E, 26th Inf., Oct. 8 1864, diarrhea. 10685 H Britton. Sergeant, company B, 15th Inf., Oct. 11, 1864, scurvy. 10691 11 Guuderson, Sergeant, company I, loth Inf, Oct. 11, 1864, scurvy. 10692 H Knowles, private, company D, 2l3t Inf., Oct. 11, 1864, diarrhea. 10752 C Ca.stle, private, company 0, 1st Cav., Oct. 12, 1864, scurvy. 10771 John Davis, private, company B, 1st Inf., Oct. 12, 1864, scurvy. 10830 P Adams, private, company A, 10th Inf., Oct. 13, 1864, scurvy. 10919 N Robinson, private, company I, 15th Inf., Oct. 14, 1864, scurvy. 11020 W Coburne, private, company A, 10th Inf., Oct. 16, 1864, scurvy. 11037 S M Smith, Corporal, company F. 21st Inf.. Oct. 17, 1864, scurvy. 11047 A D Sails, private, company K, 4th Cav.. Oct. 17, 1864, scurvy. 11088 F Chusterson, private, company E, 15th Inf., Oct. IS, 1864, hemorhage. 11284 AV H Johnson, private, company II, 6th Inf., Oct. 22, 1864, scurvy. 11236 D Thurber, Corp., company G, 36th Inf., Oct. 21, 1864, diarrhea 11323 H Worlfinger, private, company II, 12th Inf., Oct. 23, 1864, ecurvy. 11390 F Voele, Corp., company E, 10th Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, scurvy. 11420 E B Tyler, private, company F, 10th Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, scurvy. 11443 C Holenbeck, private, company A, 13th Inf, Oct. 25, 1864, scurvy. 11475 P Thorson, private, company G, 24th Inf., Oct. 26t, 1864, scurvy. 11492 E V McArthy, CorpL. company E, 13th Inf., Oct. 26th, scurvy. 11535 J Chamberlain, private, company I, 21st Inf., Oct. 27, scurvy. 11545 F Ochle, private, company E. 26lh Inf., Oct. 27, 1864, scurvy. 11610 L Batterson, private, company K, 10th Inf., Oct. 28th, 1864, diarrhea. 11687 P EUenger, private, company K, 21st Inf.. Oct. 31, 1864, chronic diarrhea. 11734 M Bvitler, private, company K. 10th Inf., Nov. 2, 18G4, scurvy. 11744 W C Clark, private, company 0, 10th Inf., Nov. 2, 1864, scurvy. 11812 J Rattles, private, company D, 25th Inf., Nov. 4, 1864, scurvy. 11!)27 W Hanson, private, company B, 1st Inf., Nov. 8, 1864, scurvy, 11931 M Olston. private, corjpmy B, 15th Inf., Nov. 9, 1864, diarrhea. 11936 E Mulaskey, private, company B, 21st Inf., Nov. 9, 1864, scurvy. 12032 R Blakely, private, company P, 17th Inf., Nov 14, 1864, scurvy. 12111 M Whaleu, private, company B. 12th Inf., Nov. 24, 1864, dysentery. 12167 N Harris, private, company D, 12th Inf., Nov. 26, 1864, dysenteiy. 12233 B Richmond, Sergt., company L, 1st Cav., Dec. 6, 1864, dysentery. 12i4vJ P I) llnndall, private, company K, 1st Inf., Dec. 7, 1861, scurvy. 12288 II Enghert, private, company G, 36th Inf., Dec. 14, 1861, scurvy. 12468 G Hand, private, company D, 10th Inf., Jan. 16, 1864, gangrene. 12618 A Frost, private, company B, 7th Inf., Fcl) 8, 1864, gangrene. 12626 A Ycssan. private, company A. 24tli Inf., Feb. 10, 1864, scurvey. 12653 \V II Ferguson, private, company B, 24th Inf., 1864, diarrhea. lo728 Antone, private, company D, 31st Inf., March 4, 1864, diarrhea. 12750 D r. David, private, company B, 25th Inf., March 8, 1864, gangrene. A Denmarlv, private, company A, 1st Cav. C. Merrill, private, company K, 4th Cav. J Richlin, private, company D, 1st Cav., Dec. 26, 18B4, dysentery. J Rice, private, company C, Ttli Inf. J Harvey, private, company G, 1st Inf. E S Hardy, Sergt., company E, 6th Inf., Feb. 4, lSt?4, diarrhea. L !> Cook, private, company C, 2d Cavalry. The foregoing list shows in the language of Capt. Wirz, "a fearful mortality. It further shows that Wisconsin furnished her full quota of Victims. These men of Wisconsin were tortured to death. In man}' cases in a manner too revolting to record. Who did this "deed without a name." One i^erson intimately connected with the management of aflfairs there, as before stated, declares that he ought not to be held responsible, that he was a mere tool in the hands of others. The investigation now going on will probably develop the guilty parties. The list of mortality of course does not show the full extent of Wisconsin calamity. Many of the prisoners not enumer- ated in the roll, (that being^ simply a list of the buried at Ander- sonville) died before they reached liome. Many died pretty short- ly after, many are now lingering out a miserable existence soon to end, and a large majority are more less constitutionally broken down. There is a fearful criminal responsibility resting somewhere which of course must soon be brought to light. Wis- consin in the name of her martyred sons will demand tliat the guilty parties be ferretted otit and punifihed. 60 MORE ABOUT ANDERSONVILLE. The i)risonei'S liad to resort to some occupation to pass a^vay time, and it soon became necessary to establish some police regulations for this large population. Characters of every grade ■were to be found. It finally became necessary to establish courts of justice. In the way of occupation to pass away the weary hours, the men employed themselves in making from the beef bones, rings, toothpicks and trifles of ornament, all beino- done with no other instrument than the jack-knife, these were in great demand, the purchasers being confederates. A skillful workman could supply himself with tobacco and sundry other articles of necessity or convenience 1)y the manufacture of these and other ornamental trinkets. There is an inborn disposition in the American character to trade, traffic and grow rich, or fail in the attempt. This characteristic, notwithstanding the for- lorn condition of these unfortunates soon developed itself. Markets were established, barter commenced and pretty soon among these forlorn people quite a trade Avas established. It must not be understood that the successful business operator got rich in money. His highest ambition was to get an increased supply of provisions. The highest success attained b}'' which the successful industrious speculator Avas to get enough to live upon . The Northern Army has in its ranks men of all ranks, grades and profession. The Anderson\'ille prisons Avere an illustra- tion of this fact. If preaching Avas required a preacher Avas at hand. If a laAvyer Avas Avanted more than could be retained Avere instantly on hand. This city of horrors had in its borders a fair representation of all classes of people. The christian gentlemen Avas to be found there, and from him doAvn through grades and shades of character until pickpockets, thieves, robbers and murderers 01 wove included in the list of cli;ir;icters coiiiposiii_^ this coiumun- ity. The hist mentioned cliavacters followed their })Vofessions to such an extent that they become objects of terror to the whole community. They soon become designated and known by the name of Raiders'. They seemed to act in combinati(m or sep- arately as tlie case required. If any fellow prisoner was for- tunate enough to save any valuable thing cither in money or other personal property, these professionals seemed to find it out almost by instinct. The possesor of any valuable article was sure to become an object of interest to these precious scoun- drels, and if he did not become a victim he might bless his own good fortuate. These men were experts. They had evidently plied their professions before entering the army. They manu- factured instruments by which they could cut open a pocket without detection. They could relieve a man of his valuables in many cases without his knowledge while the victim was asleep, and if he (the victim) was awakened by the operation they knew how to silence him even if they had to go so far as murder. Their operations were finally carried to such an ex- tent that they became objects requiring same combined action to relieve the camp of their depredation. These men were gen- erally from large cities and at home would be known by the name of "Roughs." They numbered from one hundred and fifty to two hundred. When their conduct had become so noto- riously outrageous that forbearances ceased to be a virtue, their case was taken in hand by their fellow prisoners. The facts as far as ascertainable were collected and presented to Capt. AVirz who promptly arrested the culprits. A court was at once formed with judge and jury, Avhich proceeded to try them. It has been stated on good authority that tliis court in point of ability would compare favorably with any other court possessing or assuming the same powers. About 40 men were on trial. The proceedings were all in 62 Regular form, and the case given the jury in the regular form. Then the verdict -was given and the sentence followed. Some were sentenced to wear the hall and chain for ninety days and six were sentenced to hanged. The trial took place outside of the stockade and lasted three or four days. The condemned were in custody of Capt Wirz. When the time come for the execution of the condemned, Oapt. Wirz brought them under guard into the stockade and said, " Now poys you have tried these men by a jury of your own men, and a schudge of your own choosing, now you do schust what you please mit dem, and iijjmediately left the grounds. The result was that these men were shortly seen dangling between heaven and cartli in accordance with the sentence of the court. MR. PITT'S RELATION TO THE WITNESS HOGAN IN HIS TRIAL. Pitt had the good fortune to be detailed as ward master in the general hospital, which to some extent relieved him of his miseries, and gave him opportunity to more minutely observe the progress of matters and things. Martin E. llogan, of Terre Haute, Indiana, of the oth New York Cavalry, was chief steward. This brought him and Pitt in daily contact, and made them acquaintanees and friends, and when Hogan finally made his escape Pitt became his suc- cessor in office. The following testimony, which Hogan has given in the trial of Wirz, will show his eifort to escape at that time, an*d with some explanations of the case by Pitt will present Mr. Hogan in the light of being a determined unflinching hero. His tes- timony in the coui't is as follows: Martin E. Hogan testifie■ MAP OF THE ANDERSONVILLE PRISON CAMP, CALLED CAMP SUMTER. Eiitf red !ii;coiUiiitc *" Act nf (Jun^rcss. in the year IStiJ. l>.r WILLIAM C. PITT, in the ClerU\ Office nf the District. Court of the United States, for the District of Wisconsin. A ,- 1 1 2-^ D ti MILWAUKEE STARR t SOS. P.1INTERS, 412 AND -U4 EAST WATER STEEBT. ISGG, S