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 SS U ED BY 
 
 PASSENGEF^ D E P/^ [^ T M E N T , 
 
 Chesapeake &. Ohio R'y, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
Copyrighted, 1893, by H. W. Fuller, General Passenger Agent, 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. 
 
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SOME VIRGINIA HISTORY. 
 
 HE richest field of history in America is 
 Virginia — the land where the first English 
 colonists strove to gain a foothold in the New 
 World ; where the primeval savage was first over- 
 come ; where the life and manners of the mother 
 country found their closest counterpart ; where the 
 great leaders of the greatest movement for freedom 
 were born ; where the gigantic figure of Wash- 
 ington first towered above his fellows ; where the 
 thinker Jefferson studied, and Patrick Henry cried 
 aloud for war. It was here that many of the great 
 battles of the Revolution were fought, and where, 
 nearly a century later, was to be determined the issue 
 of that greater conflict which has left the fair bosom 
 of Virginia scarred with wounds and her garments 
 soaked in the blood of her children. The theater of 
 two great wars, the birth-place and cradle of states- 
 men, the home of gentlehood, the school of chivalry, the story-book of 
 adventure and romance, every foot of Virginia is historic ground, interesting 
 and necessary to every American who would know the story of his country, 
 or whose blood beats faster at the thought of its heroes. 
 
 As though built with the purpose to draw together with one connected 
 chain the scattered events of 300 years, the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 
 penetrates the richest region of this classic land, binding together its moun- 
 tains and valleys, its homes and its battlefields, its cities and its ruins. 
 But the interest is not all in the past, for there is no fairer land to look upon. 
 The bold, rugged canons of the New River give place to the beautifully 
 undulating mountains and valleys of the Greenbrier, which murmurs like a 
 lover as it kisses the soft banks that incline to it like a yielding maiden, 
 
What is fairer than the Piedmont Valley, that might be taken for a painter's 
 dream of Italy, framed in the encircling Blue Ridge ? The pastoral lands 
 of the James River, the stately old homes near Richmond, the rich farms of 
 the Shenandoah Valley, and east of the Blue Ridge, all give evidence of 
 past and future wealth. All these things we see in a ride over the Chesa- 
 peake & Ohio Railway. 
 
 It was in Virginia that was forged the first link in the chain that has bound 
 the New World to the Old. After repeated expeditions, for the most part 
 set on foot by Sir Walter Raleigh, some of them disastrous, and all nearly 
 fruitless in results. Sir Richard Grenville, in 1585, founded a colony on 
 Roanoke Island, in Albemarle Sound, off the northern coast of what is now 
 North Carolina ; but the settlers returned to England, and in 1587 a second 
 colony was planted there. It disappeared, and to this day no man has ever 
 learned what fate befell the colonists. For a tinie it seemed that America 
 was to be given up to the French and Spanish, and that the latter would 
 become the masters of the Western continent. But in May, 1607, some hardy 
 Englishmen, about one hundred in number, landed on a point of land in 
 what is now the James River and established Jamestown. Then began 
 American history. 
 
 Captain John Smith was in this party, and in the struggles and hardships 
 that followed was the soul of the enterprise and the strong hand that guided 
 it to success. Being driven by a storm northward from Roanoke Island, 
 the colonists took shelter in Chesapeake Bay. We all know Old Point Com- 
 fort, but how many of us know that its name was given in grateful remem- 
 brance for the refuge it afforded these storm-tossed adventurers ? The col- 
 onists landed at what is now Hampton, but resumed their ships and sailed 
 up the magnificent Powhatan River — now the James — and on May 13, 1607, 
 landed on a low peninsula, where they built Jamestown. The site is now 
 an island that has almost disappeared ; but here may still be seen the ivy- 
 clad tower of the church they built, and the graveyard still shows some 
 cracked slabs and tombstones on which some of the names may yet be 
 deciphered, among them that of the wife of Commissary Blair, the founder 
 of William and Mary College at Williamsburg. It is a noteworthy fact that 
 one of the first cares was the providing of a place for religious worship. An 
 old tent was the first church ; but when Lord Delaware came out in 1610 he 
 found at Jamestown a substantial church, the ruins of which are among the 
 most interesting relics of that early time. 
 

 '= - \.<r. 
 
 
 THE OLD CHURCH AT 
 JAMESTOWN. 
 
 Then there followed the 
 conflicts of force and strategy 
 between Smith and that 
 great savage Powhatan, 
 who was a mighty emperor 
 of a vast nation. The re- 
 gion from Old Point Comfort 
 to Richmond, along the 
 York, the James and the 
 Chickahominy rivers is full 
 \,.. of interesting relics 
 
 '.'ft-;'^.4sra?gwBv of this time. 
 
 
 IN THE GRAVEYARD. 
 
8 
 
 From the train may be seen the pretty little island in the Chickahominy where 
 tradition says Smith was captured. Pocahontas becomes a very real person 
 to the tourist who visits this region. Powhatan held his court at Werowoco- 
 moco, on the York River, and the spot is supposed to be marked by a curious 
 ruin known as " Powhatan's chimney." It is on an estate called "Shelly," 
 the property of the Page family. Another ruin of great significance is the 
 old stone building on Ware Creek, which Smith built as a place of refuge 
 from his savage foes during the time when starvation threatened the 
 colonists. 
 
 As the history of the country proceeds it leaves its foot-prints along the 
 line of the Chesapeake &' Ohio. In fact, the main line of the road is built 
 upon the trail of the aborigines and the early settlers who penetrated the 
 Alleghany Mountains. Alexander Spotswood went as far as the Blue Ridge, 
 and some of his followers went still further west. The Sandusky Indians 
 came down from Ohio on their annual hunt, leaving their old and rheumatic 
 at White Sulphur Springs to be cured of their ills. The stage coaches 
 between Virginia and the Ohio River later followed the same route. The 
 James River division is laid upon the line of the old James River and Kana- 
 wha Canal, which, in turn, was a development of the James River Canal, of 
 which George Washington was the first president. So, it is not strange that 
 we find ourselves riding in a vestibuled car over the road which Patrick 
 Henry traveled on horseback when he went from Hanover Court House to 
 Williamsburg, or that we stop for a few hours in Richmond and visit the 
 church where he raised his mighty shout for liberty or death. From the 
 train we see Monticello, the home of Jefferson, and we catch a glimpse of 
 the University of Virginia, which that father of our liberties designed to be 
 their constant nurse. Jefferson was born at Shadwell, which is also on the 
 line of the Chesapeake & Ohio. 
 
 These are only a few of the points of interest which make a journey over 
 this line a vivid object-lesson in American history. When we descend to 
 our own times we find almost every mile of the way marked by some event 
 of the late war. One could spend a whole summer on the Chesapeake & 
 Ohio and each day find some new point to excite his curiosity or his admira- 
 tion. Indeed, it does not need this panorama of history to make the road 
 one of the most delightful in the world. It is the most beautiful line of 
 equal length in America, presenting greater variety of scenery, each in the 
 highest perfection, than any other continuous one thousand miles of road in 
 
the United States. Starting from Cincinnati, there are one hundred and 
 sixty miles up the valley of the Ohio, with the beautiful river almost con- 
 stantly in sight. On either shore many thriving towns and busy cities lie 
 undfer the green hills that slope gradually away. We ride through the fertile 
 pastures of Kentucky and look over to the clattering towns of Ohio. Then 
 comes Huntington, in West Virginia. Next we are in the Kanawha Valley, 
 and the country grows hilly. Charleston, the capital of West Virginia, lies 
 on the opposite bank of the Kanawha. The road follows the river to 
 Kanawha Falls, one of the most picturesque bits of scenery on the line. 
 The hills come down abruptly almost to the river, which, spreading out 
 over the rocks, falls sheer thirty feet. 
 
 The scenery grows more and more rugged and abrupt 
 
 until the road enters the wonderful canon at 
 
 the bottom of which rushes and roars the 
 
 New River. Sometimes the train seems to 
 
 be suspended over the river, 
 
 while the bare face of the rock 
 
 ^i^ rises perpendicularly from 
 
 »<«, 
 
 CROSSING THE ALLeGHANIES, C. <3< O. R'y 
 
i,2oo to 1,500 feet. One of the most famous points in this section of the road is 
 the Hawk's Nest, which Chief-Justice Marshall measured and found to be 
 1,200 feet above the river. Enormous boulders washed from the mountain 
 and rounded by the force of the water amaze the tourist. A beautiful cataract 
 is the falls of New River. Leaving this region, where Nature's wildest 
 mood finds expression, we emerge upon totally different mountain scenery 
 — the beautiful reaches of the purling Greenbrier. The mountains are 
 more majestic and stretch away at great distance, with beautiful vistas end- 
 ing only where the clouds seem to come down into the valleys. Such is the 
 scenery about White Sulphur Springs, the Hot and the Warm Springs, and 
 the other famous watering-places of the region. The road continues its 
 ascent of the mountains until Alleghany Station is reached. The tunnel 
 here is a mile long, and is a wonderful piece of engineering skill. In the 
 tunnel is a spring, some of the water of which flows into the Atlantic through 
 the James River, while the rest escapes into the Gulf of Mexico, by way of 
 the Kanawha, Ohio and Mississippi rivers. The State line between Virginia 
 and West Virginia also runs across the tunnel. Soon after leaving Alle- 
 ghany the road follows the course of the Jackson River to Clifton Forge, 
 where the Jackson meets the James, and where the James River division of 
 the Chesapeake & Ohio leaves the main line. From Cincinnati to Clifton 
 Forge, 388 miles, the road follows the banks of streams, 250 miles of which 
 are navigable. This fact materially aided in the construction of the road 
 through this rugged country, and contributes in no small degree to the com- 
 fort as well as to the enjoyment of the traveler. While the builders of the 
 road simply sought the easiest grades in the passage of the mountains, they 
 thus succeeded in finding, and following, the most beautiful forms that 
 Nature has to exhibit in this most picturesque region. 
 
 After skirting Elliott's Knob, which has an elevation of 4,500 feet, and is 
 the highest point in Virginia, the road passes through Buffalo Gap, a natural 
 opening in the North Mountains. Then on, at a flying pace, to Staunton 
 and the Valley of Virginia. So past Waynesboro and through the Blue 
 Ridge tunnel. Then comes Afton, and then the Piedmont ! This is a broad 
 valley that stretches away like a garden. There is no fairer place in North 
 America than this which now delights the tourist's eyes. When Governor 
 Spotswood first gazed upon it, he called it "the Valley of the Euphrates," 
 on account of its exquisite beauty. Then comes Charlottesville, and we 
 have our choice of a ride over the battlefields to Washington, or a trip to 
 
Richmond and down the Peninsula, along the banks of the James, across the 
 Chickahominy, through the swamps, past Williamsburg, and so on to New- 
 port News, Old Point Comfort, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Hampton, which 
 towns cluster about the mouth of the James River and the entrance to Chesa- 
 peake Bay. Every feature of physical geography, every possible variety of 
 scenery, has been comprehended in this ride of twenty-three hours, and we 
 
 have ridden over the most storied land in America. 
 start at Louisville he will miss the ride up the Ohio, 
 
 Should the traveler 
 but his road will lie 
 
 through the richest por- 
 tion of the famous 
 Blue Grass region of 
 Kentucky, through 
 Frankfort, up the Ken- 
 tucky River, through 
 Lexington, Winchester 
 and soon to Huntington, 
 W. Va., where the road 
 joins that from Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 In all that goes to 
 make the physical ex- 
 cellence of a railroad, 
 the Chesapeake & Ohio 
 stands among the first 
 of the country. It has 
 west of Clifton Forge 
 nearly loo miles of 
 double track, and this 
 year the double track 
 
 on this section will be largely increased. East of Clifton Forge the James 
 River division practically makes a double track of nearly 200 miles. The 
 road is rock-ballasted and laid with 75-lb. steel rails, equipped with inter- 
 locking switches, and operated under the block system. 
 
 The train service of the line is famous. The " F. F. V.,"as the brag train 
 is called, is one of the most perfect trains in the world. It is vestibuled, 
 lighted with electricity, heated with steam, and runs a through dining car 
 from Cincinnati to New York. A vestibuled Pullman sleeper through from 
 
 ^"-y 
 
Louisville to New York connects with the train at Huntington. The entire 
 train runs through to New York via Washington. By the same train there 
 is through Pullman service to Old Point Comfort. All through trains on 
 the line are vestibuled, heated with steam, and lighted with electric lamps. 
 The cars are exquisitely finished, and there is no more luxurious mode of 
 travel than that afforded by the F. F. V. A feature of this road and its 
 schedule is that a person making the round-trip sees the entire line by day- 
 light. 
 
 For the convenience of those who, for lack of either leisure or means, are 
 unable to spend a month or two in an outing, the Chesapeake & Ohio Rail- 
 way Company suggests the following outline of three tours, respectively 
 ten, fifteen, and twenty days each, that will give the tourist the largest pos- 
 sible return for the time and money invested. 
 
 JAMES RIVER — WATER GAP AT CLiFTON FORGE. 
 
14 
 
 SUMMER OUTINGS. 
 
 FTEN the question is asked : " Where can I go for a few 
 days' outing?" Frequently the matter ends there for lack 
 of the desired information, and the much needed vacation goes 
 to protest. The following itineraries have been prepared to 
 show the possibilities of a ten, fifteen, or twenty-day trip over 
 the picturesque Chesapeake & Ohio, with special reference to 
 time, cost, and value received. The reader may find therein 
 a solution of the vexed question: Where to go this summer. 
 
 "TEN-DAY OUTING." 
 
 First Day. — Leave Cincinnati or Lexington in the morning. 
 A daylight ride from Cincinnati along the banks of the Ohio 
 River for i6o miles, thence through the Kanawha Valley and the canons 
 of New River, and along the banks of the placid and beautiful Greenbrier 
 to White Sulphur Springs, which is reached shortly after dusk. 
 
 Second Day. — Visit the Springs Pagoda before breakfast, after which 
 drive over mountain roads that lead off in various directions from the hotel, 
 or ramble through the forests to Lover's Leap and other romantic scenes. 
 After dinner join in " the tread-mill," the term applied to the tireless stroll 
 back and forth on the immense piazza, that very nearly surrounds the 
 hotel building. This walk is indulged in during the season by the 2,000 
 guests, and is one of the distinctive features of "The White." The afternoon, 
 like the morning, may be pleasantly passed in the open air, and the evening 
 devoted to the ball-room, either as a participant in the dance or as an 
 onlooker. 
 
 Third Day. — Leave White Sulphur after breakfast for the famous Hot 
 Springs, the route being over the main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio to 
 
15 
 
 Covington, Virginia, and thence over the Warm Springs Valley Branch, 
 which is laid upon the banks of Jackson River, a wild mountain stream, 
 abounding in interesting scenery. 
 
 Fourth Day. — Leave Hot Springs in the morning for Natural Bridge, 
 reached in about three hours. The course of the Jackson River is followed 
 
 New riVer valley. 
 
 to Clifton Forge, where the famous water gap, formed by the head waters of 
 the James, is passed through, and thence the route is upon the banks of that 
 historic stream. After viewing the wonders of Natural Bridge, and visiting 
 
i6 
 
 Salt-Petre Cave, the Lost River, Lace Falls and Jefferson's Mountain, take 
 the Norfolk & Western Railway for the celebrated caverns of Luray. 
 
 Fifth Day. — Explore the caverns, and leave in the afternoon for Rich- 
 mond. This day's journey affords some of the most charming mountain 
 views in the United States, including Elliott's Knob, North Mountain, 
 Buffalo Gap, and the passage of the Blue Ridge Mountains, as welt* as a 50- 
 mile stretch of the renowned Shenandoah Valley, over many a hard-fought 
 battlefield. There are glimpses of the University of Virginia ; Monticello, 
 the home of Jefferson, on the summit overlooking Charlottesville ; the ruins 
 of Jefferson's mill at Shadwell, his birthplace ; the old court-house at Han- 
 over, where Patrick Henry made his famous plea in the " Parson's cause," 
 and miles of rifle-pits and earthworks — grim mementoes of the late war. 
 
 Sixth Day. — After sight-seeing in Richmond, leave on the afternoon train 
 for Old Point Comfort, reached in time for supper after a three hours' ride 
 down the Peninsula, along the James, across the Chickahominy, through 
 Williamsburg, and near Jamestown and Yorktown. 
 
 Seventh Day. — A day at Old Point Comfort, with its diversified pleasures 
 of the surf. The soldier-life at Fortress Monroe, fishing and sailing, and the 
 ball room, where the grand military band from the fort discourses music for 
 the dancers. 
 
 Eighth Day. — A trip across Hampton Roads harbor and up Elizabeth 
 River to Norfolk. A short rail-ride may be taken to Virginia Beach for a 
 dip in the briny surf of the Atlantic, or the time may be devoted profitably 
 to sight-seeing in Norfolk, and visiting the Gosport Navy Yard at Ports- 
 mouth. The start from Old Point can be made after breakfast, and the 
 return in time for supper and the evening festivities at the Hygeia. 
 
 Ninth Day. — In the surf at Old Point. Witness guard-mount at the fort. 
 Take electric car for a few minutes' ride to Hampton, visiting the Soldiers' 
 Home, the Indian Industrial School and Normal School. Start homeward 
 after supper. 
 
 Tenth Day. — Homeward bound. Day breaks in the mountains, and from 
 "early morn 'till dewy eve" nature's unrivaled panorama unfolds before 
 the tourist, presenting scenes of beauty and grandeur, until the train rolls 
 into the Western Terminal Station, and Finis appears on the last page of the 
 itinerary of an unrivaled ten days' OUting. 
 
 Note. — If the F. F. V. Vestibuled Limited is taken from Cincinnati and 
 Lexington at night and Louisville in the afternoon, the route to White 
 
Sulphur is passed over in the night, but the scenery is not lost, as the train 
 on the return makes a daylight trip from White Sulphur to the western termi- 
 nals. The foregoing schedule may be adopted for the F. F. V., by making 
 the arrival at White Sulphur for breakfast on the second day. 
 
 "FIFTEEN-DAY OUTING." 
 
 First Day. — Leave Cincinnati or Lexington in the mopning for a daylight 
 ride to White Sulphur, or leave Cincinnati, Louisville or Lexington on the 
 F. F. v., reaching White Sulphur the following morning 
 for breakfast. 
 
 Second Day. — Adopt programme given for 
 the second day in the ten-day outing. 
 
 Third Day. — Same programme as third day 
 in the ten-day outing. 
 
 Fourth Day. — Visit Warm Springs and 
 bathe in its delightful pool, and drive to the 
 Healing Springs and Falling Springs Cascade, 
 where a bold mountain stream falls from a 
 
i8 
 
 ledge of rock 200 feet in width into a most beautiful glen 150 feet below. 
 Return to Hot Springs at sunset. 
 
 Fifth Day. — Leave Hot Springs in the morning for Natural Bridge, 
 
 Sixth Day. — Leave 
 Natural Bridge in the 
 morning for Gladys Inn, 
 at Clifton Forge, remain- 
 ing there until evening. 
 Leave for the Alleghany 
 at Goshen. 
 
 Seventh Day. — At the 
 Alleghany. Drive 
 through mountain 
 passes or ascend the 
 heights that rise above 
 Goshen. 
 
 Eighth Day.— Leave 
 Goshen, after breakfast, 
 for Luray Caverns. 
 
 Ninth Day. — Leave 
 Luray Caverns in the 
 morning for Richmond. 
 
 Tenth Day. — Leave 
 Richmond in the after- 
 noon for Williamsburg, 
 visit William and Mary 
 College, the "powder 
 horn," and the oldest 
 church of America. 
 
 Eleventh Day.— 
 Leave Williamsburg in 
 the morning for Old Point 
 Comfort. 
 
 Twelfth Day.— At Old 
 Point Comfort. Visit 
 ^ Fortress Monroe and 
 Hawk 3 NE&T OHNONS. Hampton. 
 
 
 LjL 
 
Thirteenth Day. — Visit Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and Gosport Navy- 
 Yard at Portsmouth, returning to Old Point Comfort in the evening in time 
 for supper. 
 
 Fourteenth Day. — Visit Newport News in time for dinner at Hotel War- 
 wick, spend the afternoon at the shipyard, and take the train for the west 
 after supper. 
 
 Fifteenth Day. — Homeward bound, reaching Cincinnati, Lexington or 
 Louisville in the evening. 
 
 "TWENTY-DAY OUTING." 
 
 First Day. — Leave Cincinnati or Lexington in the morning for a daylight 
 ride to White Sulphur, or leave Cincinnati, Louisville, or Lexington on the 
 F. F. v., reaching White Sulphur the following morning before breakfast. 
 
 Second Day. — At White Sulphur Springs. 
 
 Third Day. — Leave White Sulphur in the morning for Hot Springs. 
 
 Fourth and Fifth Days. — At Hot Springs. Visit Warm and Healing 
 Springs, and the many places of interest among the mountains in the vicinity. 
 
 Sixth Day. — Leave Hot Springs in the morning for Natural Bridge. 
 
 Seventh Day. — Leave Natural Bridge in the morning for Gladys Inn at 
 Clifton Forge. 
 
 Eighth Day. — Leave Clifton Forge in the morning for "The Alleghany" 
 at Goshen. 
 
 Ninth Day. — Visit Rockbridge Alum Springs, reached from Goshen by a 
 narrow gauge railroad, returning to "The Alleghany" for supper. 
 
 Tenth Day.— Leave Goshen in the morning for Luray Caverns. Leave 
 Luray Caverns in the evening for Richmond. 
 
 Eleventh Day. — Leave Richmond in the afternoon for Old Point Comfort. 
 
 Twelfth Day.— At Old Point Comfort. Visit Fortress Monroe and Hamp- 
 ton. 
 
 Thirteenth Day. — Visit Norfolk and Virginia Beach or the Gosport Navy 
 Yards at Portsmouth, returning to Old Point Comfort for supper. 
 
 Fourteenth Day. — Visit Newport News and the shipyard, returning to 
 Old Point Comfort in the afternoon. 
 
 Fifteenth Day.— Leave Old Point Comfort in the evening by steamer, for 
 Washington, taking supper on board. Enjoy the summer evening on Chesa- 
 peake Bay, from the steamer's deck. 
 
Sixteenth Day. — Arrive in Washington for breakfast, and spend the day 
 among the public buildings. 
 
 Seventeenth and Eighteenth Days. — Sight-seeing in Washington. 
 Visit Baltimore, the trip being made in less than an hour — fast trains running 
 in each direction at frequent intervals. 
 
 Nineteenth Day. — After another day devoted to sight-seeing in Wash- 
 ington, leave in the evening for the west on the F. F. V. Vestibuled 
 Limited. 
 
 Twentieth Day. — Homeward bound, arriving in Cincinnati, Lexington 
 or Louisville in the evening. 
 
 Individual railway fare for the round trip outlined in the foregoing pages 
 ranges from $28.00 to $35.00. For parties of ten or more reduced rates will 
 be made. The average rate at the best hotels en route will be about $3.50 per 
 day. Carriages may be procured at the various stopping places at reasonable 
 rates. The journey between Richmond and Old Point Comfort may be varied 
 by taking the James River steamer in either direction, passing Drury's 
 Bluff, Dutch Gap, Brandon, Jones' Neck, Deep Bottom, Bermuda Hundred, 
 Powhatan, Jamestown and other interesting places, 
 
 FROM THE EAST VIA WASHINGTON. 
 
 Tourists from eastern points can purchase excursion tickets from Wash- 
 ington to White Sulphur Springs and return, and follow the foregoing 
 itinerary east of the latter point in about two days less time and for about 
 $8.00 less railway fare. Reduced rates to parties of ten or more from 
 Washington on application. 
 
 For further particulars address any of the following 
 
 CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO AGENCIES : 
 
 New York — 362 Broadway ; Offices of Pennsylvania Railway. 
 
 Philadelphia— Offices of Pennsylvania Railway. 
 
 Baltimore — Offices of Pennsylvania Railway. 
 
 Washington — 513 and 1421 Pennsylvania Avenue, and B. & P. Station. 
 
 Norfolk — 99 Main Street ; Atlantic Hotel ; on Steamer Louise. 
 
 Old Point — In Hygeia Hotel ; Chesapeake & Ohio Station. 
 
Richmond — Main Street, corner Eighth Street ; 8og E. Main Street, corner 
 Ninth Street ; Broad Street Station, near 17th. 
 
 Lynchburg — 814)^ Main Street ; Chesapeake & Ohio Station. 
 
 Cincinnati — Corner Fifth and Walnut streets, and Union Station. 
 
 Lexington, Ky, — Phoenix Hotel. 
 
 Louisville — 253 Fourth Avenue, and Union Station. 
 
 St. Louis — Big Four and O. & M. Railway Offices ; Union Station. 
 
 ON THE GREENBRIER, NEAR WHUE SULrHUR. 
 
22 
 
 THE THEATER OF WAR, 
 
 HE country traversed by the Chesapeake & Ohio 
 Railway has been the theater of two great wars. 
 It is lined with battlefields. The War of the Revo- 
 lution was practically terminated at Yorktown, and 
 at Appomattox General Lee gave up the Confed- 
 erate cause. One who travels over the line for 
 the first time is startled by the frequency of the 
 names of places which were the scenes of great 
 conflicts. From Richmond to Petersburg and 
 Yorktown Lafayette fought Phillips and Corn- 
 wallis. Col. Tarleton's cavalry ravaged the James-River region, drove 
 Jefferson from Monticello, and raided the Assembly at Charlottesville. 
 There were battles at Williamsburg and Jamestown, Cornwallis retreating 
 down the Peninsula and finally taking up his position at Yorktown, where 
 the American leaders hemmed him in and struck their great blow. He 
 surrendered October 19, 1781. 
 
 But these battles, momentous as they were in the world's history, were, in 
 point of fighting, insignificant when compared to the great encounters of the 
 Rebellion. During every year of the war the Valley of Virginia was the 
 theater of the most rapidly-shifting scenes of that great drama. 
 
 Nearly every mile of the road is marked by some event of the war. 
 Waynesboro, where were several fights, and where Sheridan finally gained 
 control of the valley, is directly on the line. A little further on are Gordons- 
 ville, Orange Court House, Culpeper and Manassas, at which point the 
 Confederate monument stands in sight of the train. Bull Run is at hand, 
 and the road passes on over battle-scarred ground to Alexandria and Wash- 
 ington. It was in his effort to clear the valley that MacClellan took his army 
 from Manassas to Yorktown, with Johnston following. It was one of the 
 
iiiost active and hardly-contested campaigns of the war. The Seven Days' 
 Battles, commencing with Mechanicsville, were a part of it. 
 
 Between Orange and Culpeper the train passes through the battlefield of 
 Cedar Mountain, where Jackson checked Pope's advance. Grant's head- 
 quarters were at Culpeper when he started on the Wilderness campaign 
 towards Appomattox. From Orange it is easy to reach Fredericksburg, 
 Chancellorsville and Spottsylvania. Near Gordonsville Lee had his head- 
 quarters during the last winter of the war. From this point the road runs 
 through Trevilian, Louisa Court House, Hanover, and so to Richmond, 
 passing close to Yellow Tavern, where Jeb Stuart was killed in his fight with 
 Sheridan. For miles about Richmond are to be seen the splendid earth- 
 works which defended the city, and which are such remarkable examples of 
 field fortification. The famous fields close by cannot even be named, so 
 numerous are they. The road runs through Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks. It 
 is only seven miles to Drewry's Bluff. Cold Harbor, where Grant's army 
 suffered its worst defeat, Malvern Hill, Gaines' Mill are only a few miles 
 from Richmond. Then the Army of the Potomac marched across the rail- 
 road, fighting through the tangled swamps, and Grant marched to the rear of 
 Petersburg. This was in the summer and fall of 1864. Five Forks was 
 fought, and then came Appomattox. The latter point is most easily reached 
 from Lynchburg, on the James River division of the Chesapeake & Ohio 
 Railway. 
 
 After the road leaves Richmond and passes through the scenes of McClel- 
 lan's disastrous battles, it touches Williamsburg, Newport News, Hampton, 
 and ends almost at the sally-port of Fortress Monroe. It was 500 yards out 
 in Hampton Roads that the Monitor, on March 9, 1862, whipped the hitherto 
 invincible Merrimac and changed the navies of the world. 
 
24 
 
 MOUNTAINS AND SEA-SHORE, 
 
 HE springs basin of the AUeghanies contains 
 a greater number and diversity of health-giving 
 waters than any similar region in the United 
 States. From the earliest times the springs 
 have been celebrated for their great curative 
 powers, and the delightful character of the 
 climate, the beauty and variety of the sur- 
 rounding country, the easy access to the 
 locality have made these resorts famous. 
 Situated at an altitude of from 2,000 to 2,500 
 feet, the center of the springs region is 
 reached by two limited, vestibuled, elec- 
 tric-lighted trains in eleven hours from Cin- 
 cinnati, thirteen from Louisville, seven 
 from Washington, eight from Baltimore, 
 ten from Philadelphia, and twelve from New York. 
 
 The springs are located in beautiful green valleys among heavily-wooded 
 mountains. The scenery is grand without being austere. Gentle streams 
 flow through mossy banks and over gravel beds. Long vistas open through 
 the rolling masses of hills and mountains. Delightful glades invite to rest, 
 and one may walk or ride with perfect comfort in all directions. The cli- 
 mate is equable, the days being mildly warm, tempered by cool evenings and 
 nights. One does not experience great degrees of either heat or cold, and 
 there is always the feeling of energy and buoyancy that the rare mountain 
 air inspires. There is ozone and exhilaration in the atmosphere during even 
 the warmest season, and persons who are listless at home are surprised to 
 find themselves taking keen delight in long mountain walks, or in riding or 
 driving for miles over mountain roads. 
 
MAIN Hotel bUiLdiNg, WHite sULpHUr springs. 
 
 White Sulphur Springs (the Old White). — During the season the prin- 
 cipal resorts are filled with the gay and fashionable from every part of the 
 country. New York, Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia, Richmond, Cin- 
 cinnati, Louisville, St. Louis, New Orleans, and other cities send their belles 
 to White Sulphur, and a girl is scarcely equipped for a social campaign until 
 she has had her season at "The White." There is no other place where 
 one may get so full a view into the social life of the South as at this resort of 
 the gallantry and the beauty of so many generations. The buildings are in 
 the old Colonial style, and in their spacious halls or on their broad piazzas 
 one experiences all that has given Southern society its distinctive character. 
 The springs are situated in Greenbrier County, W. Va., in a most beautiful 
 valley. The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway has a station almost at the 
 doors of the hotel, but far enough removed not to mar the beauty of the 
 vast lawn, which is shaded by majestic oaks and maples, and which termi- 
 nates at the superb fountain, whence flow daily 50,000 gallons of the famous 
 
26 
 
 Water. The valley ]s like a well-kept park, and the drives and walks ruii 
 through splendid groves of forest trees. The surrounding mountains are 
 among the grandest in the Alleghanies, their peaks towering above the clouds. 
 The medicinal virtues of the waters are world-renowned, and have been 
 tested since 1788. From that date till the present day they have been used 
 
 with great benefit 
 by thousands in 
 various diseases, 
 the distinct med- 
 ical influences of 
 the water being 
 cathartic, diu- 
 retic, and alter- 
 ative. In rheuma- 
 tism, dyspepsia, 
 jaundice, mala- 
 ria, hay fever, and 
 especially liver 
 disease, it is a 
 specific. The sul- 
 phur baths for 
 gout, scrofula, 
 and various forms 
 of skin diseases 
 L^_. are attended with 
 
 ^ ; almostimmediate 
 
 relief. 
 
 The cottage 
 system, with its 
 
 pretty, home-like surroundings, enables visitors to live in a whirl of gaiety 
 or the utmost privacy, as their wishes may dictate. During the season, 
 besides the nightly balls, there are several grand, fancy and masquerade 
 balls, which add to the amusement of the guests. The cottages, which 
 are a hundred in number, being a part of the Grand Hotel, make it the 
 largest hotel at any American summer resort. 
 
 Old Sweet and Sweet Chalybeate Springs. — Alleghany Station is at 
 the summit of the mountains, five miles east of White Sulphur. At this 
 
 SPRING HOUSES, WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, W. VA- 
 
^1_ 
 
 station, 2,100 feet above the sea, passengers destined to Sweet Springs and 
 Sweet Chalybeate leave the train. "Old Sweet" is the affectionate name 
 given the former by those who have enjoyed their beauty or recovered 
 health through the virtue of the waters. 
 
 Stages from Alleghany take the tourist to this resort, ten miles southward. 
 It is among the oldest of Virginia springs, in age ranking with White 
 Sulphur and the Warm. The waters are highly tonic in effect, with mild 
 cathartic action, and are of great benefit in diseases of the stomach or bowels, 
 and in female complaints. Plunge baths are supplied by the spring, and 
 the capacity is ample for the needs of 800 guests. All the appointments of 
 these springs are in the most convenient shape. Gas, water, and every- 
 
 COTTAGES, WHITE sOLpHDr 
 
 thing that can contribute to comfort is at hand, and abundant, and the 
 
 scenery in the vicinity is equal to any that has been described in these pages. 
 
 Sweet Chalybeate Springs are nine miles from Alleghany Station by stage. 
 
 They, also, were known early in the century. The waters are strongly 
 
28 
 
 impregnated with iron and are among the most valuable chalybeate springs 
 in the world. 
 
 The Alleghany. — This is one of the new, but one of the most interest- 
 ing and attractive, resorts on the line of the road. The hotel stands on a 
 
 plateau nearly 
 2,000 feet above 
 the sea and 100 
 feet above the 
 river. This em- 
 inence rises ab- 
 ruptly out of the 
 valley, and the 
 hotel overlooks 
 the town of Go- 
 shen. Elliott's 
 Knob is close at 
 hand, and the 
 view of valleys, 
 rolling moun- 
 tains and tower- 
 ing peaks is one 
 of the most mag- 
 nificent in Vir- 
 ginia. There is 
 no hotel of its 
 size more admirably constructed or better equipped for the comfort of 
 the tourist. The building, which was recently completed, is of brick, 
 the architecture being sixteenth-century Gothic, and of a pure style. Its 
 beauty forms one of the pleasant recollections of the tourist, who merely 
 sees it from the train, and one is always tempted to interrupt his journey 
 in order to more fully enjoy the charms it presents. The rooms all 
 command superb views. The house is lighted with incandescent electric 
 lights. The equipment and furnishings are luxurious and in keeping with 
 the exterior appearance of the building. The architectural design is faith- 
 fully carried out in the rotunda by means of heavy oak girders, wainscot- 
 ing, pillars, etc. The fire-places have that ample character that wintry fire- 
 places should have. The dining hall and other rooms are finished in native 
 
 CORNER PORCH; aLLegHaNY Hotel. 
 
29 
 
 hard woods, and there is an artistic harmony in all the features of 
 the hotel. 
 
 The house is supplied with water from the Cold Sulphur Springs, one of 
 the oldest and most noted of the Virginia watering-places. There could be 
 no better situation for mountain drives, the drive to Lexington being especi- 
 ally attractive. Rockbridge Alum is seven miles distant. 
 
 Cold Sulphur Springs, one and one-half miles from Goshen, Va., is one 
 of the most delightful places in the mountains for rest and recreation, and 
 the waters, the best of their kind in America, are much sought after for 
 
 J^J 
 
 
 EAST FRONT, ALLEGHANY HOTEL, GOSHEN, VA- 
 
 dyspepsia, kidney and liver affections. The hotel is well kept and the 
 charges moderate. 
 
 Rockbridge Alum Springs. — This famous resort has accommodations for 
 600 guests. The springs are celebrated for their many medicinal properties. 
 
30 
 
 They consist of alum, chalybeate, and freestone waters, and are highly 
 valued by the medical fraternity. The three large hotels and the surround- 
 ing cottages make a little city. They occupy an elevation of 2,000 feet, and 
 are in the center of a lawn of fifty acres, shaded by forest trees. The 
 springs are reached by the Victoria Narrow Gauge Railway from Goshen, 
 nine miles distant. 
 
 Luray Caverns. — Leaving for the present the wonderful springs region, 
 Luray Caverns attract attention. The caverns are very large and marvel- 
 ously beautiful. They are situated fifty-four miles from Basic City, up the 
 famous Shenandoah Valley. The stalactites and stalagmites form the 
 weirdest, most fantastic shapes. Colossal statues are suddenly encoun- 
 tered by the astonished explorer. Delicate images, the most exquisite 
 
 JAMES RIVER — Near Natural bridge, james river division. 
 
 tracery, the glinting of myriads of diamonds, yawning abysses, labyrinthian 
 passages, make one feel that he has entered the region of enchantment. 
 
 Natural Bridge. — But, after all, the wonder of wonders in Virginia, and 
 the most beautiful of all its thousand beautiful scenes, is the Natural Bridge. 
 Not the pen of the writer, the canvas of the painter, or the plate of the 
 
NATURAL BRIDGE. 
 
32 
 
 photographer can reproduce the imposing and majestic grace of this most 
 exquisite example of Nature's architecture. One stands spell-bound as he 
 gazes on that glorious arch, which spans one of the most romantic glens in 
 the world. There is something mysterious and awe-inspiring in the superb 
 proportions of this most famous natural curiosity in Virginia. The place is 
 classic, too, for they tell unbelievable stories about how Washington carved 
 his name in the rock a couple of hundred feet high, and threw stones over 
 the bridge itself. The bridge is 215 feet high, and has a span of 100 feet. 
 Its width is 90 feet. 
 
 The admirable care that has been taken to preserve the natural wild and 
 picturesque beauty of the glen which the bridge spans, the splendid moun- 
 tain views on all hands, the beautiful waterfall a mile above the bridge, 
 these and other attractions make the place charming. Year by year the 
 number of visitors to the bridge has increased. The bridge is reached by the 
 James River division of the Chesapeake & Ohio from Clifton Forge, where 
 the lovely Gladys Inn affords comfortable accommodations for tourists who 
 desire to break their journey. 
 
 Buena Vista.— This is a new city that presents many advantages to the 
 investor or the settler. It is on the North River — a remarkable water-power 
 — and is also located on the Lexington branch of the James River division 
 of the Chesapeake & Ohio. It is surrounded by forests of hard woods, and 
 is in the midst of inexhaustible beds of iron ore. Being within easy reach 
 of the three great coal-coking regions of America it presents, in advantages 
 of location, attractions seldom united in one spot. Many enterprises have 
 already been secured, and liberal inducements are offered for the location of 
 others. The Hotel Buena Vista, a new building, modern in design and fur- 
 nishing, is a well-kept and attractive resting place. A spring that supplies 
 the town furnishes as fine lithia water as one ever drank. There is no stint 
 to the use of this most excellent water. 
 
 Red Sulphur Springs. — The waters of these springs cure catarrh, bron- 
 chitis, the early stages of consumption, heart affections, dyspepsia, rheuma- 
 tism, hay fever, and nervous prostration. They are located twelve miles 
 from the line of railroad, and are reached by a fine turnpike road from 
 Lowell Station, twelve miles from Hinton. They are the only springs of the 
 kind in this country. The analysis of the water shows that sulphur is by 
 no means its principal ingredient, but phosphorus in high state of potency 
 has been most efficacious in reaching the seat of disease. It also contains a 
 
33 
 
 peculiar sulphur compound, or gelatinous substance, which is the distinctive 
 feature of this water. The virtues of the water have been held in high 
 esteem for the last half century. 
 
 Salt Sulphur Springs.— This resort is reached from Fort Spring Station, 
 being fourteen miles from the railroad. In addition to the Salt Sulphur 
 
 ALoHg the JAMES RIVER, Near cLiftoN forge, VA- 
 
 Springs, there is an Iodine Spring, a Sweet Sulphur Spring, and a 
 Chalybeate Spring ; thus affording an opportunity for a variety of treat- 
 ments. It is a beautiful old place. The buildings are of stone, having 
 the appearance of antiquity, and the lawn surrounding them comprises 
 900 acres. 
 
34 
 
 Alderson. — The little town of Alderson is one of the most beautifully- 
 located and attractive places on the road. It is on the main line, twenty-two 
 miles from Hinton. The Greenbrier River here exhibits some of its most 
 charming moods, and offers fine sport to the fisherman. Excellent accom- 
 modations may be had at the hotel. A wagon trip over the mountains to 
 the Cherry and other swift streams, from fifteen to thirty miles distant, gives 
 one as fine trout fishing as is to be had. In and about the village are many 
 excellent boarding houses where one hundred or two hundred guests can be 
 accommodated. The expense of a summer spent here in this way is very 
 small, all rates of charge being much less than at the more fashionable hotels. 
 
 Covington. — Covington is another of these pleasant places. It is located 
 on the Jackson River in a most picturesque valley. It is the junction point 
 of the Hot Springs Railway, recently completed. The new hotel, the Inter- 
 mont, is one of the prettiest buildings and one of the most completely 
 equipped hotels in the mountains. Its appointments are all of the most 
 modern character. 
 
 Mountain Top. — Mountain Top Hotel and Springs are immediately over 
 the Blue Ridge tunnel, a mile and a half from Afton. The hotel is 
 2,000 feet above the sea level. It is on the first great highway to the far 
 West, over which the emigrants to Kentucky made their way. In 1770 the 
 tavern here was called Rockfish Inn. The first building erected was a mas- 
 sive stone house, which now forms a part of the hotel. Its foundation dates 
 back about one hundred and twenty years, and it has been made memorable 
 by an event not to be forgotten. In the room now used as the parlor, in the 
 year 1818, met three Presidents of the United States — Mr. Jefferson, Mr. 
 Madison and Mr. Monroe — together with a number of other distinguished 
 Virginians, Commissioners appointed by the Governor to select a site for the 
 University of Virginia. 
 
 Basic City is located at the intersection of the Chesapeake & Ohio and 
 Norfolk & Western railways, where connection is made for Luray Caverns. 
 Hotel Brandon, located here, is a new and modern hotel. 
 
 Millboro. — Seventeen miles east of Clifton Forge is.Millboro. At an 
 elevation of 2,000 feet, and convenient to the station, are a go.od hotel 
 and cottages. Two miles away are Millboro Springs, a charming, quiet 
 retreat in the mountains. The waters are mild and helpful. 
 
 Old Point Comfort. — After leaving Richmond a ride of eighty-four miles 
 down the peninsula brings the tourist to Old Point Comfort, which has more 
 
36 
 
 natural advantages and a greater number of interesting surroundings than 
 any other resort on the coast. Close by lie Newport News, Norfolk, PcJrts- 
 mouth and Hampton. Capes Henry and Charles are within view. Here 
 the colonists with John Smith found refuge from the stormy waters of the 
 
 Atlantic. The place is surrounded 
 with relics of historic interest. 
 Just out in Hampton Roads, 
 within gun-shot of the 
 shore, the Monitor 
 whipped the daunt- 
 less Merrimac. 
 Fortress Monroe 
 is close to the 
 hotel, and the 
 gentle waters of 
 Chesapeake Bay 
 are begging you 
 to come and 
 bathe in them. 
 Here the cli- 
 mate is delightful 
 the year around. In 
 winter the tempera- 
 ture rarely falls below 
 42°. In summer the ther- 
 mometer ranges between 
 60° and 80°, and the air is 
 always bracing. This is the most 
 fashionable winter resort on the coast. All the good things of the earth, the 
 sea and the air that may be eaten are found here in perfection. The place is 
 maintained on the most elaborate scale, and the season lasts the whole year. 
 The. Hygeia Hotel, which accommodates 1,000 guests, is one hundred yards 
 from Fortress Monroe, at the confluence of Chesapeake Bay and Hampton 
 Roads. It is substantially built, and supplied with all the modern improve- 
 ments conducive to health and comfort, having two passenger elevators, gas 
 and electric bells, and closets on every floor, with superior ventilation and 
 the most perfect system of drainage of any hotel or public building in the 
 
 
37 
 
 country. Delightful surf bathing can be enjoyed immediately in front of 
 the hotel, and convenient dressing-rooms are provided for the use of guests. 
 A spacious pavilion, with a floor of 7,000 square feet, is set apart for danc- 
 ing, and music is furnished by the United States Artillery School Band 
 throughout the year. 
 
 BATTLE BETWEEN MONITOR AND MERRIMAC, MARCH 9, 1862. 
 500 yards from C. 8c O, Pier, Newport News. 
 
 In addition to the Hygeia, the Sherwood Hotel, a new building conve- 
 niently located, offers first-class accommodations for 200 guests. -The Cham- 
 berlain Hotel is also in process of building. 
 
 Hampton, Va., where Captain John Smith and his hardy followers landed 
 300 years ago, with its quaint old church, is suggestive of Colonial times. 
 Here is situated the National Soldiers' Home, sheltering upwards of 3,000 
 veterans, and the Normal School for the education of the colored and Indian 
 youths. 
 
 The Princess Anne. — At Virginia Beach, fifteen miles from Norfolk, and 
 with nothing but the Atlantic Ocean in front of it, is the Princess Anne 
 Hotel. The surf bathing is splendid and invigorating, and the hotel itself is 
 a handsome modern building admirably conducted. 
 
38 
 
 WARM SPRINGS VALLEY. 
 
 ery 
 
 HE valley containing the Hot, Warm, and Healing Springs 
 Virginia, is located in the heart of the great Appalachian 
 Mountains. Some two miles in width, it extends for 
 more than a dozen miles parallel with the main Alle- 
 ghany divide, between towering mountains, from the 
 crest of which, 4,000 feet above the sea, the intervening 
 stretches of country present a beautiful panorama. 
 The views from Flag Rock, on the eastern mountain 
 imit, are grand beyond description. The eye sweeps in 
 direction over a sea of mountain ranges. Far off in 
 Lim distance are " Elliott's Knob," the highest point in 
 Virginia; ''House Mountain," near Lexington, and the 
 celebrated " Peaks of Otter." 
 
 Miles of new drives, smooth boulevards, mountain roads, and romantic 
 walks, forests and meadows, cliffs and caverns, cascades and brooks, rugged 
 mountains and pleasing pastures, a beautiful flora, abundant game in great 
 variety, and rivers and rivulets are all at hand to gratify every whim of 
 the pleasure seeker. 
 
 The altitude of the valley (2,500 feet), and its protection by the surrounding 
 mountains from wind storms and sudden changes, combine to produce a 
 temperature safe in winter and delightful all the rest of the year. The 
 humidity so often experienced in mountain regions is here unknown, fogs 
 and mists are rarely seen, and the clear dry air is laden with invigorating 
 ozone. 
 
 A branch railway, twenty-five miles in length, has recently been built from 
 Covington, Va., to the Hot Springs, and direct connection is made with 
 through trains east and west-bound on the main line of the Chesapeake & 
 Ohio. The Warm Springs Valley can now be reached by rail in 14 hours 
 
40 
 
 from New York, 12 hours from Philadelphia, 9 hours from Baltimore, 8 hours 
 from Washington and Richmond, 10 hours from Norfolk, and 12 hours from 
 Cincinnati. Arrangements can be made, when desired, to run through cars 
 from any of the cities named, or from points beyond, direct to the Hot 
 Springs. 
 
 Especial attention is invited to the fact that the Hot and Warm Springs 
 Valley lies midway between New York and Cincinnati, and is reached in 
 one night's ride from either point ; that the unequaled medicinal waters of 
 this famous valley are so accessible to the populous regions of the country, 
 
 Ti-'£ Homestead, hot springs. 
 and that no other region offers similar attractions or equal facilities in the 
 matter of convenience, climate, baths, hotel accommodations and healthful 
 recreations. The Virginia Hot Springs Co. is expending upwards of one 
 
41 
 
 PRIVATE COTTAGE OF MR- M- E. INQALLS, HoT SPRINGS, VA. 
 
 million dollars in improvements, and will soon have the grandest sanitarium 
 and pleasure resort in the United States. 
 
 The Virginia Hot Springs Company are prepared to negotiate with persons 
 desiring to build hotels, sanitariums, villas, cottages, etc. Address Decatur 
 Axtell, President, Richmond, Va. 
 
 For illustrated pamphlets descriptive of the Hot, Warm, and Healing 
 Springs, address the respective managers as follows : 
 
 J. F. Champlin, Hot Springs, Bath County, Va. 
 
 Eubank & Glover, Warm Springs, Bath County, Va. 
 
 J. Stimson, Healing Springs, Bath County, Va. 
 
 For special information as to transportation, or through car service from 
 eastern points, address H. W. Fuller, General Passenger Agent, Chesa- 
 peake & Ohio Railway, Washington, D. C. From western points address C. 
 B. Ryan, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
42 
 
 HOT SPRINGS OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 HE healing and curative qualities of the waters 
 flowing from these springs at a temperature of io8 
 degrees Fahrenheit, have been recognized for over 
 a century, and eminent physicians have repeatedly 
 expressed the opinion that they rank with the most 
 effective and the most celebrated thermal waters 
 in the world. They are especially efficacious in 
 cases of gout, rheumatism in all its forms, scrof- 
 ula, paralysis, diseases of the liver, sciatica, nervous prostration, blood 
 troubles of all kinds, and diseases peculiar to women. 
 
 The new bath house is a splendid structure, appropriately built in Colonial 
 style, from plans made after studying the best designs in this and other 
 countries, and adapting them to the special conditions of these springs and 
 grounds. A great variety of baths are given, and the bather can have any 
 temperature desired, from a cold plunge to io8 degrees Fahrenheit. The 
 spout and boiler baths have long been the favorites, and thousands of won- 
 derful cures have been effected by them. Needle, spray, and shower douches 
 in all their variety, and electric, plunge, hot-vapor and mud baths are also 
 given in suites of apartments especially prepared for them. The building is 
 also fitted with rooms and appliances for inhalation, nasal douches, etc. 
 Large, well furnished, and separate resting rooms for ladies and gentlemen, 
 are provided on each floor, as well as a large solarium where sun baths 
 may be enjoyed, and which is equipped for theatrical and other amusements. 
 A spacious swimming pool is being constructed, which will be abundantly 
 supplied with fresh warm water from the springs. 
 
 '♦ The Homestead," the century-old hotel, delightfully situated, has been 
 remodeled throughout, and with many. comfortable, home-like cottages sur- 
 rounding it, will be distinctly for summer use. 
 
43 
 
 "The Virginia," a new structure connected with the passenger station — 
 a matter of great convenience to the invalid, together with ten new cottages 
 near by, supplied with every modern convenience, including steam heat and 
 open grates, electric lights, elevator, andj^aths of all kinds from water fresh 
 and hot from the springs, will be kept open the year round. 
 
 Accommodations at the Hot Springs this season will be ample for 450 
 guests, and a well-equipped livery will be maintained in connection with the 
 property. 
 
 The sewage system is new, extensive and perfect. The grounds are 
 beautiful, and tennis courts, bowling alleys, billiards and pool afford ladies 
 and gentlemen delightful recreation. 
 
 The cuisine and management are first class ; telegraphic, express and 
 postal facilities efficient ; and every possible provision has been made for the 
 health, comfort, convenience and entertainment of the guest. 
 
 World's Fair visitors passing over the Chesapeake & Ohio will find a side 
 trip from Covington, Va., to the Warm Springs Valley a most delightful one, 
 replete with beautiful scenery along the picturesque Jackson River and 
 through the mountain passes, and full of enjoyment and the creature com- 
 forts at "The Homestead." * 
 
44 
 
 WARM SPRINGS OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 ^ HESE celebrated springs, located in the valley in the 
 midst of a grand old grove five miles north of the Hot 
 Springs, are reached by stage from the latter point over 
 an easy undulating boulevard. They are owned by the 
 Virginia Hot Springs Company, but remain for the pres- 
 ent under the able management of Mrs. Eubank, who 
 has so successfully conducted the property for some 
 years past. The hotel, built in Colonial style, is charm- 
 ingly situated and well kept, and has long been a favorite resort for health 
 and pleasure seekers. 
 
 The gentlemen's bath is an octagon 40 feet in diameter, and holds 43,000 
 gallons of water. The ladies' bath is circular in shape, with a capacity of 
 60,000 gallons. These pools are supplied from separate springs, discharging 
 upward of 1,000 gallons of water per minute, at a temperature of 96 degrees 
 Fahrenheit, which, charged with myriads of bubbles of sulphurated hydro- 
 gen gas, rises naturally from the bottom of the pools, affording the most de- 
 lightful and luxurious pleasure bath in the world. There are also private 
 baths of various kinds, and ample provision for the comfort and convenience 
 of bathers. 
 
 For three generations these springs have been visited by people from all 
 parts of the United States and foreign countries, and even when it involved 
 a long and tiresome journey in primitive stage coaches they were a favorite 
 resort of the wealth and fashion of Virginia and the South. The ball room 
 connected with the hotel — a peculiarly Southern institution — is one of the 
 finest in the State, and has been the scene of many joyous occasions, and 
 doubtless of many conquests. 
 
 The grand boulevard recently completed between the Hot and the Warm 
 Springs is a magnificent drive-way, and passengers will be transported from 
 the Hot Springs station in comfortable carriages in the brief space of forty 
 minutes, and have a most enjoyable ride. 
 
45 
 
 THE HEALING SPRINGS OF VIRGINIA, 
 
 HESE well-known springs, three miles south of the Hot Springs, 
 lie as in a mountain cradle amidst grand and peaceful sur- 
 roundings, where the very air is laden with rest and quiet. 
 They also form a part of the property of the Virginia Hot 
 Springs Company. The supply of water is abundant, being 
 derived from four springs of essentially the same character, 
 and is beautifully bright and crystalline. The temperature 
 is uniformly 85 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit. Possessing val- 
 uable qualities for drinking purposes, this water is sent to 
 all parts of the United States. 
 
 The bathing accommodations have been greatly extended 
 ""^ *^,,r" and otherwise improved by the erection of a new bath house, 
 
 the addition of several apartments to those already built, and the introduc- 
 tion of modern appliances to furnish hot baths and those of the natural 
 temperature, as may be required. The waters of these springs are almost 
 identical in their thermal analysis to the famous Schlagenbad and Ems, in 
 Germany, and with the least possible shock to the system gradually 
 abstract therefrom its superabundant caloric. 
 
 The Springs hotel is modern in construction, handsomely furnished, and 
 remarkably well kept. 
 
46 
 
 THE ROD AND GUN 
 
 HE hunting grounds and fishing streams of the two 
 Virginias are among the most attractive to the true 
 sportsman in the United States, not alone for the qual- 
 ity of game they offer, but also for their accessibility 
 to the great cities of the East and West, the light tax they 
 impose upon the purse, and the pleasure given an outing 
 among Virginia mountains by their great scenic beauty and 
 interesting historic associations. The circuit of fifty miles 
 around Clifton Forge, which embraces Bath, Highland, and 
 Alleghany counties, and the great Virginia Springs Basin, is unquestion- 
 ably the best mountain deer region between the Rocky Mountains and the 
 Adirondacks. 
 
 Mr. Watson, a young Englishman, and an enthusiastic sportsman, a few 
 years ago purchased Nimrod Hall, an estate in Bath County, Virginia, 
 which is perhaps the best place in the entire State for head-quarters for deer 
 shooting and a fall outing. The estate lies in a lovely valley at an eleva- 
 tion of 1,500 feet, and borders upon the Cow Pasture River, a remarkably 
 beautiful mountain stream. Nimrod Hall and its surrounding cottages pro- 
 vide comfortable accommodations for 60 or 70 guests, and Mr. Watson main- 
 tains a large pack of hounds and a good stable of hunters for their use. It 
 is an off-day during August, September and October, when the drive does 
 not start from six to ten deer. There cannot be a more attractive place than 
 this for a fall outing, while it also affords a very desirable summer home for 
 thsise who seek a comfortable abode without an extravagant demand on the 
 purse, where the mountain scenery, drives and pathways are of the most 
 attractive character. Speckled trout abound in all the streams of both High- 
 land and Alleghany counties, while bass are abundant in the Cow Pasture, 
 in the James between Clifton Forge and Natural Bridge, and in the Green- 
 
47 
 
 brier River, in the vicinity of Fort Spring and Alderson. But it must not 
 be assumed that the field for sport in Virginia is confined to the mountain 
 region, for upon Hampton Roads, at Old Point Comfort, the line may be 
 dropped in salt water with infinite profit and pleasure to the angler, who, 
 while satisfying the fisherman's ambition, breathes into his lungs that great- 
 est of tonics, the ozone of the sea. 
 
 ^_. 
 
 Near hiNton, w. va- 
 
48 
 
 ON A SUMMER DAY, 
 
 NE who has followed these pages must have been struck 
 by the great variety that is everywhere presented along 
 the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio, and one may stop at 
 almost any point on the line and discover for himself 
 that this characteristic is one of the many advantages 
 of the road. From any of the resorts charming excur- 
 sions may be made to adjacent points, and an ocean 
 voyage may be included, if one wishes. From White 
 Sulphur a ride of a few hours, through ever-varying 
 mountain scenery — along the pleasant banks of the 
 Greenbrier and through the grand canons of the New 
 River — brings one to Kanawha Falls. Visitors at " The 
 White " and "Old Sweet" go back and forth between 
 the two places. Natural Bridge and Luray Caverns are close at hand and 
 accessible by rail. The drives from one resort to another show the rich- 
 
 .^3, VV. VA. 
 
49 
 
 ness of the Alleghany Mountain scenery. Short-limit excursions may be 
 made to Washington, Old Point Comfort and other places of interest. 
 
 It is a delightful variation of the season's gaieties to take one of the splen- 
 did trains to Old Point, and go thence by steamer up the Potomac to Wash- 
 ington, or up Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore, returning either by rail or water. 
 
 CAMON OF NEW RIVER, C. <S< O. R'Y- 
 
 These excursions are extremely popular. The steamers plying on the river 
 or the bay are splendidly appointed, and no more comfortable or interesting 
 journey can be made. 
 
 For those who want a fuller breath of salt air, there is the trip to New 
 York from Norfolk on one of the Old Dominion Line steamers. A resident of 
 the inland will find this short voyage a most grateful experience. The 
 
50 
 
 steamers sail from Norfolk daily, except Friday and Sunday. They are 
 large, well officered, and first class in every appointment. The voyage is 
 made in twenty-four hours — just long enough to give one the exhilaration 
 that comes from sea air, and to tone up the system with the ozone of the 
 ocean. One of the most enjoyable of summer trips is that from Norfolk to 
 Providence or Boston by steamer. In making any of these journeys it is 
 well to stop for a day or two at Old Point, and visit the places of inter- 
 est thereabouts. One may bathe, sail, ride, drive or walk, and there is 
 always something to excite curiosity and admiration. 
 
 The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company is building a fleet of six ocean 
 steamships, and when these are put in service the Chesapeake & Ohio tour- 
 ist may continue his journey to Liverpool. 
 
 BUFFALO GAP. 
 
51 
 
 SOME CHESAPEAKE & OHIO CITIES, 
 
 [HARLESTON, the chief city and capital of West 
 Virginia, situated on the north bank of the 
 Kanawha River, about 200 miles east of Cincin- 
 nati, is a splendid example of the vim and 
 vigor of this progressive region. Beautiful resi- 
 dences line the river bank, and many fine public 
 and private buildings adorn the city. 
 
 Clifton Forge. — The name of this admirably 
 situated town suggests what its appearance con- 
 firms. It is probably destined to be one of the 
 industrial centers of the South. Already it has 
 extensive railway workshops and its iron in- 
 dustries are important. The town is 388 miles 
 from Cincinnati, and is the terminus of the 
 eastern, western, and James River divisions of 
 the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. 
 The Gladys Inn is situated on a high bluff 
 <.^ overlooking the Jackson River, and commands 
 
 magnificent views of mountain scenery in every 
 direction. The hotel is one -of unusual excellence, being new, modern in all 
 its appliances, and conducted in a strictly first-class manner. Tourists 
 destined for Natural Bridge will find this a convenient and agreeable place 
 to break the journey, and fishermen who wish to angle for bass will find 
 few better stopping-places. 
 
 Covington, one of the progressive towns of Virginia, is located on the 
 Jackson River, twelve miles west of Clifton Forge, in one of the most pict- 
 uresque valleys of the Alleghanies. The Warm Springs Valley branch of the 
 Chesapeake & Ohio extends from this point to Hot Springs, 25 miles distant, 
 and direct connection is made with through east and west-bound trains. 
 
 rC 
 
 f 
 5 ^ 
 
 K ) 
 
 // 
 
 / 
 
52 
 
 MONTICELLO-HoME of JEFFERSON. 
 The Intermont, a new and strictly first-class hotel, beautifully situated 
 and supplied with hot and cold baths, electric lights, and all modern im- 
 provements, af- 
 fords a delight- 
 ful retreat for 
 the tourist. 
 
 Staunton. — 
 One of the im- 
 portant towns 
 of Virginia is 
 Staunton, not 
 only on account 
 of its extensive 
 business rela- 
 tions, but even 
 more because of 
 the great influ- 
 JEFPtRSoN's sruoy, montiCeLLo. ence it wields 
 
53 
 
 through its educational institutions. It has five seminaries for young 
 ladies, besides a military academy for young men. It sits in the midst of 
 a rolling plateau, between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany mountain 
 systems. The city is also the station for several springs. The Hotel 
 Altamont will be constructed at an early date, and op a magnificent scale, 
 and will prove a delightful resting place for the tourist. 
 
 Lexington. — This charming old town is at the terminus of the Lexington 
 branch of the James River division. Here is the Virginia Military Institute, 
 
 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 of which Robert E. Lee was so long the president; and Washington and Lee 
 University is also located here. The remains of General Lee and "Stone- 
 wall " Jackson also lie here, and their statues ornament the place. In the 
 neighboring streams and forests fine fishing and hunting may be had. 
 
 Charlottesville is the seat of the University of Virginia, founded by 
 Thomas Jefferson, and is beautifully situated at the foot of the Blue Ridge 
 Mountains. In and around the place everywhere rests the shadow and the 
 spirit of Jefferson. Monticello, his home while living, overlooks the town 
 
54 
 
 from its lofty plateau, and his remains repose in a tomb on the hillside ; 
 while near by at Shadwell, the place of his birth, may be seen the ruins of a 
 mill built by him. Monticello is perhaps the best-preserved place of historic 
 interest in Virginia, its possessor, Mr. Jefferson Levy, a gentleman of exten- 
 sive means, taking an especial pride in perpetuating the appearance of the 
 property when the home of its renowned owner. The residence is of a quaint 
 style of architecture, octagon in shape, with tall, white, pillared portico and low 
 roof, containing thirty-five rooms. At the entrance is a huge compass, unlike 
 any other. Over the doorway is a great clock with a dial on both the outside 
 and inside. A clock-maker was procured in France to make this, and he 
 brought his entire family with him to Monticello, the work requiring two 
 years. The great Jefferson in marble stands in the hallway, the work on 
 the statue having been supervised in Paris by La Fayette. The floor of the 
 saloon is inlaid with satin wood and mahogany and the walls are elaborately 
 frescoed. From an artistic standpoint, Monticello is one of the most beauti- 
 ful houses in Virginia. 
 
 Washington. — It is enough to say here that the Chesapeake & Ohio is 
 the direct line from Cincinnati and Louisville to Washington, which is one 
 of the termini of the road, though the solid vestibuled trains of the line run 
 through to Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York. Washington has for 
 several years been the most beautiful city in America, and the Capitol, the 
 public buildings, the various museums, the Corcoran Art Gallery, the parks 
 and the beautiful avenues will agreeably ocQupy as many days of the tour- 
 ist's time as he cares to devote to the Nation's capital. 
 
 Richmond. — The junction between the Washington line and the line to 
 Richmond and Newport News and points on the peninsula is at Gordons- 
 ville. Richmond must always possess a fascination for the tourist. No 
 other city in the United States is so rich in colonial and national memories, 
 and none has more carefully guarded its relics. In St. John's Church Pat- 
 rick Henry cried out for liberty or death. The Capitol Square has the Wash- 
 ington and Stonewall Jackson monuments, of world-wide fame ; and in the 
 Capitol are statues of Washington, Clay and Lafayette, modeled from life ; 
 also many interesting relics of colonial and confederate days : while among 
 the many points of interest to the visitor may be mentioned Hollywood, 
 Oakwood, and National cemeteries, where repose many illustrious dead and 
 nearly seventy thousand soldiers who fell in the siege of Richmond ; Wash- 
 ington's old head-quarters ; Richmond College ; Gamble's Hill, overlooking 
 
55 
 
 Belle Isle and the Tredegar Iron Works ; the war-time residence of Jefferson 
 Davis ; the site of Libby Prison and Libby Hill Park, overlooking the James. 
 
 New riVer. 
 
 The monuments to the Southern heroes are interesting. The Lee monu- 
 ment, which stands in a highly fortunate location, is one of the most impos- 
 ing in America. The statue of the great Southern leader is unquestionably 
 the finest equestrian statue in the country. There are also statues of Wick- 
 ham and J. E. B. Stuart, and the Soldiers' and Sailors' monument stands 
 on Libby Hill. A statue of Gen. John R. Cooke will shortly be erected. 
 
56 
 
 Richmond has an active, energetic population, is growing rapidly, and, 
 while a typical Southern city, is fully abreast of the times. 
 
 Williamsburg. — Between Richmond and Newport News are many places 
 of interest, but none more full of historic associations than Williamsburg. 
 Towards the close of the seventeenth century Governor Nicholson removed 
 the seat of Government from Jamestown, the scene of so many struggles, 
 to Middle-Plantation, or Williamsburg. Commissary Blair obtained from 
 William and Mary the charter for the second university in America — Wil- 
 liam and Mary College — which had such important influence upon the his- 
 tory of the State. Sir Christopher Wren drew the plans for the first building. 
 
 GLADYS INN, CLiFTON FORGE, VA- 
 
 The old church still stands to which the good king and queen, William and 
 Mary, presented its first communion service, and it is still in use. 
 
 Newport News. — This is the sea-port city of the Chesapeake &Ohio Rail- 
 way, and it is admirably situated upon a plateau at the head of Hampton 
 Roads, the most accessible and the safest harbor of the Atlantic Coast, into 
 
57 
 
 which vessels of the largest tonnage may enter without the aid of pilot 
 boats, find perfect safety in times of storm, and land directly at the Chesa- 
 peake & Ohio piers. The port is on the course of vessels plying between 
 New York and the Gulf of Mexico and South America. It is an important 
 
 
 New iNtermoNt Hotel, coviNgtoN, Va- 
 
 coaling station, the coal pier having handled a million tons last year, which 
 will be materially increased in the future. Here is located one of the largest 
 grain elevators in the United States, as well as the largest shipyard, whose 
 dry dock, 625 feet long, is capable of receiving the largest vessel that floats. 
 Although the shipyard is comparatively a recent enterprise yet it has already 
 turned out several merchant ships, notably the Morgan Line steamers. El 
 Sud, El Norte and El Rio, all of which have shown remarkable speed. The 
 present regular steamship lines from Newport News are the Old Dominion 
 Line (New York), Merchants' and Miners' Line (Providence and Boston) and 
 the United States and Brazilian Line (Rio de Janeiro), while regular service 
 to Europe is given by the Furness and Barber lines. Six steamships of the 
 first class are now being constructed by the Chesapeake & Ohio Steamship 
 Company, limited, and upon their completion they will make weekly sail- 
 ings for Liverpool. Newport News is an important factor in the influence 
 
58 
 
 the Chesapeake & Ohio exerts over the commerce of the West and North- 
 west, as it provides that section with the nearest sea-port for the exporting of 
 grain, tobacco, flour and other products. The city has a population of 8,000 ; 
 it is provided with an excellent system of water works, schools, churches, 
 banking facilities and other institutions of large and growing cities. 
 
 Norfolk, Va., twelve miles from Newport News, across Hampton Roads, 
 and the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake & Ohio, after Richmond, is the 
 most populous city of Virginia, and has many points of historic interest. It 
 also has an extensive trade, large quantities of oysters, fish, early fruits and 
 vegetables being brought thither by the railways and canals and shipped to 
 Northern ports. It is the third cotton port in the United States, and leads 
 the South in the lumber trade. In addition to fine railway facilities, steam- 
 ship lines connect the city with New York, Boston, Providence, Baltimore, 
 Washington, etc. At Portsmouth, across the Elizabeth River, is the Gosport 
 Navy Yard and the United States I^aval Hospital. 
 
59 
 
 VIRGINIA'S WEALTH, 
 
 RON. — Within a radius of twenty miles of Clifton Forge, or Covington, 
 Va., in a region embracing the Rich Patch, Craig Creek and Potts 
 Creek sections, the deposits of iron ore are practically inexhaustible. 
 Red Hematite ore predominates, out-croppings of it being encountered 
 at every turn. The Rich Patch Mountain and its continuation, Potts 
 Mountain, separate the waters of Craig Creek and Potts Creek, and 
 
 abuts, so to speak, against the James River at Iron Gate. The 
 possibilities of the ore-bearing strata of the Rich Patch region are 
 beyond reasonable computation, it being estimated at 150,000,- 
 000 tons. The Craig Creek area contiguous to and forming an 
 extension of the Rich Patch region has been demonstrated to be of 
 boundless wealth. The ores appear in practically inexhaustible 
 quantities above water level, and may be developed by means of tunnels 
 along the slope of the rocks with a minimum amount of dead work, the 
 various creeks affording a constant supply of water for ore washing. 
 
 In addition to these immense ore properties, are the Dolly Ann, Stack, 
 Longdale, Iron Mountain and Dunlap Creek beds, and others whose furnace 
 products have proved their high and economical quality. But, notwithstand- 
 ing the already large output of iron ore in Virginia, the demand at the fur- 
 naces all along the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio is increasing so rapidly that 
 new companies, some of them of magnificent scope, are now being organ- 
 ized for the purpose of ore mining on a much larger scale than ever before 
 attempted in Virginia — not only supplying the furnaces already in operation 
 with a sufficient quantity, but encouraging, as well, the construction of other 
 furnaces in the vicinity of the ore. Low Moor Longdale and other furnaces 
 of this region have a remarkable record in the length of continuous operation 
 and the high prices in the open market for their out-put, not only demon- 
 strating the fact that Virginia iron is much sought after for its superior 
 
6o 
 
 quality, but also that when in the time of over-production the market value 
 of iron had reached a figure so low that other furnaces throughout the land 
 were compelled to shut down, these in Virginia were still being operated to 
 their full capacity and at a profit to their owners. Iron, coal and limestone 
 are found in this section within close proximity to each other, and labor is 
 available and not given to strikes. 
 
 Coal. — West Virginia is the richest coal State in the Union, having about 
 one-thirteenth of the entire coal area of the United States. For all purposes 
 of manufacture, and as a coke producer, this coal is without a superior. It 
 is easily mined ; it reaches the seaboard at one side at a low cost for ship- 
 ment to the North, as well as for supplying foreign steamers, and on the 
 other side it is within a short distance of the large western cities. 
 
 The coal is mined in drifts and at a cost that amazes foreign operators. 
 West Virginia embraces all kinds of coal, namely : Cannel, gas, steam and 
 coking. Its coke is freer from sulphur than the heretofore accepted stand- 
 ard, and while that contains eleven per cent, of ash, New River coke contains 
 less than four per cent. 
 
 Timber. — Out of a total area of 16,600,000 acres, 10,000,000 acres of West 
 Virginia are covered with virgin forests. The timber embraces almost every 
 variety of hard wood as well as a large amount of poplar and pine. Lum- 
 bering along the Chesapeake & Ohio is fairly keeping pace with the iron and 
 coal development of the two Virginias. 
 
 Agriculture. — Farming land of unquestionable fertility and at remarkably 
 low prices can be purchased in either large or small tracts in James River 
 Valley, on the Peninsula between Richmond and Newport News, near the 
 coast in the vicinity of Norfolk, and in the Piedmont and Shenandoah 
 valleys. Virginia is greatly favored by a temperate climate, and nearness 
 to the greatest markets of America. Virginia soil is adapted to the pro- 
 duction of cereals — in many sections it furnishes excellent grazing. Potatoes, 
 peanuts, and many other products of Virginia soil have of late years proven 
 great money makers. Truck gardening in the tide-Vvrater section is also a 
 great money maker. Catalogues with list of farms for sale can be secured 
 by applying to Chesapeake & Ohio agents. 
 
TRAIN ARRANGEMENTS, 
 
 HE FAflOUS F. F. V. LIHITED, the best-known, the handsomest, 
 
 the most complete, and the most popular train in America to-day, 
 runs solid between Cincinnati and New York, via Washington, 
 Baltimore and Philadelphia, and from Richmond, Old Point Com- 
 fort, Norfolk and Lynchburg in the east, and Huntington, Lexington and 
 Louisville in the west, with through sleepers to and from Chicago. Compris- 
 ing combined car, day coach, through dining car and Pullman sleepers of 
 latest design and exquisite furnishing, lighted with electricity, heated with 
 steam and vestibuled throughout, it combines the luxury of modern travel 
 with the comforts of home, while transporting the passenger through the 
 most picturesque regions of America. 
 
 EAST-BOUND. 
 
 Leaving Cincinnati in the evening on arrival of connections from St. Louis, 
 Chicago, etc., supper is served in the dining car, the enjoyment of which is 
 heightened by the charming views obtained as the train speeds along the banks 
 of the beautiful Ohio. Breakfast, dinner and supper are served next day. 
 
 -From the summit of the AUeghanies the journey is made by daylight, 
 affording views of the celebrated mountain and springs resorts of Virginia, 
 the renowned Shenandoah Valley, the towering Blue Ridge with its peculiar 
 haze, the matchless Piedmont Valley, the home of Jefferson, the most noted 
 battlefields of the late war, Washington's Monument, the Capitol and many 
 public buildings at Washington ; or historic Richmond, Williamsburg, the 
 old colonial capital ; the Chickahominy swamps, the storied James, and the 
 sounding sea — just as one's destination may lie. 
 
 WEST-BOUND. 
 
 The F. F. V. leaves New York via the Pennsylvania Railroad 5.00 P. M. , Phil- 
 adelphia 7.40 P. M., Baltimore 9.55 P. M., and Washington via Chesapeake 
 
62 
 
 & Ohio R'y, ii.ioP. M. Through sleepers from Old Point Comfort and Rich- 
 mond are attached at Gordonsville. Meals en route served in dining car. 
 
 The journey westward from the summit of the Alleghanies by the banks 
 of the gentle Greenbrier, through the frowning canons of New River, along 
 the winding Kanawha, and in sight of the beautiful Ohio for i6o miles, is 
 made by daylight. Cincinnati is reached early in the evening, and connec- 
 tion is made in Union Station for all points north and west ; Louisville at 
 9 P, M. connecting for southern points. 
 
 It will be noted that passengers making the round-trip on this famous 
 flyer are enabled to see the entire line by daylight. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON AND CHICAGO LIMITED. 
 
 A vestibuled, electric-lighted, steam-heated train, newly equipped with 
 combined car, day coaches, dining car and Pullman sleepers, runs solid 
 between Cincinnati and Washington, with through cars from Old Point 
 Comfort and Richmond. 
 
 EAST-BOUND. 
 
 Leaves Cincinnati in the morning on arrival of connections from Chicago, 
 St. Louis, etc., and makes a daylight run to White Sulphur Springs, 
 reaching Washington and Richmond early next morning, and Old Point 
 Comfort before noon. Parlor car Washington to New York, arriving about 
 noon. 
 
 WEST-BOUND. 
 
 Parlor cars from New York, via Pennsylvania R. R., connect with solid 
 train from Washington, making daylight run to White Sulphur Springs, 
 arriving Cincinnati early next morning. Parlor car Cincinnati to Chicago 
 and St. Louis, arriving early same evening. Ar. Louisville 11.50 A. M. 
 
 The above trains constitute the regular through service on the Chesapeake 
 & Ohio. During the Columbian Exposition, however, Chicago will be the 
 western terminus instead of Cincinnati, and a third train, known as the 
 
 WORLD'S FAIR SPECIAL, 
 
 electric-lighted, steam-heated and equipped with day coaches and Pullman 
 sleepers vestibuled throughout, will be scheduled to give the best possible 
 
63 
 
 accommodation to patrons, thus putting the Chesapeake & Ohio in the 
 front rank of WORLD'S FAIR ROUTES. 
 
 For Routes, Rates, Tickets, Schedules, and Sleeping-Car Reservations, 
 call on or address any of the following agencies : 
 
 Chicago, III. — Big Four Railway and Monon Route. U. L. Truitt, Special Agent, Passenger 
 Department, C. & O. R'y. Address, care of Big Four Ticket Office. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo.— E. B. Pope, Western Passenger Agent, corner Broadway and Chestnut Street, 
 Big Four, Ohio & Mississippi, and Louisville & St. Louis Air Line railways. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind.— A. S. Miller, Traveling Passenger Agent, Big Four Railway, Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton & Dayton, Pan Handle. 
 
 New Orleans, La. — Louisville & Nashville, Louisville, New Orleans & Texas (Mississippi 
 Valley Route) railroads. 
 
 Mobile, Ala., . 
 
 Montgomery, Ala., I Louisville & Nashville Railway. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., ' 
 
 Memphis, Tenn.— Newport News & Mississippi Valley Co., Louisville & Nashville Railway. 
 
 Louisville, Ky.— Chesapeake & Ohio Ticket Office, 253 Fourth Avenue. 
 
 Cincinnati, O.— D. E. Holmes, Ticket and Passenger Agent, southwest corner Fifth and Wal- 
 nut streets ; Central Union Station. 
 
 Lexington, Ky.— G. W. Barney, Division Passenger Agent, Phoenix Hotel and Union Station. 
 
 Columbus, O. — Norfolk & Western Railway. 
 
 Richmond, Va. — Chesapeake & Ohio, Offices Eighth and Main streets. J. D. Potts, Division 
 Passenger Agent. 
 
 Old Point Comfort, Va.— In Hygeia Hotel and Chesapeake & Ohio Station. 
 
 Washington, D. C. — Geo. M. Bond, City Passenger Agent, 1421 and 513 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 Baltimore & Potomac Station. 
 
 Baltimore, Md.— Pennsylvania Railway Office, Baltimore and Calvert streets, Calvert Sta- 
 tion. Union Station, and Baltimore & Ohio offices. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa.— Pennsylvania Railway, 838 Chestnut Street, 1348 Chestnut Street. Broad 
 Street Station. 
 
 New York. — Chesapeake & Ohio Office, 362 Broadway. Frank McConnell, Passenger Agent. 
 Old Dominion Steamship Company, 235 West Street, and all Pennsylvania Railway offices. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. — Pennsylvania Railway offices, 4 Court Street, Brooklyn Annex Station. 
 
 Boston, Mass. — Pennsylvania Railway, 205 Washington Street. Merchants' and Miners' 
 Transportation Company, ago Washington Street and 53 Central Wharf. 
 
 And any Railway Ticket Office in the North, East, South, and West. 
 
 H. W. FULLER, C. B. RYAN, 
 
 Qen'l Pass'r Agent, Ass't Gen'I Pass'r Agent, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. CINCINNATI, O. 
 
64 
 
 DIRECTORY OF MANAGERS OF RESORTS. 
 
 For the convenience of those desiring information regarding rates of board 
 and accommodations at any of the resorts mentioned, we publish below, 
 together with post-office address, a Directory of Managers of Resorts : 
 
 ngs. 
 
 " The Alleghany," . 
 Afton House, . . . 
 Cold Sulphur Springs, 
 Healing Springs, 
 Hot Springs, . . . 
 Hygeia Hotel, . . 
 Sherwood Hotel, . . 
 Salt Sulphur Springs, 
 Sweet Springs, . . 
 Sweet Chalybeate Spri 
 Hotel Warwick, . . 
 Millboro House, . . 
 Millboro Springs, . , 
 Mountain Top Hotel, 
 Natural Bridge Hotel, 
 Nimrod Hall, . . . 
 Red Sulphur Springs. 
 Rockbridge Alum Springs. 
 Stribbling Springs, 
 Princess Anne, 
 Variety Springs, . 
 Warm Springs, . 
 White Sulphur Springs, 
 Buffalo Springs, . 
 Gladys Inn, . . 
 Glen Springs, . . 
 Kanawha Falls, . 
 Ocean View Hotel, 
 "The Brandon," 
 " The Intermont, 
 
 J. Watkins Lee, . . . Goshen Station, Rockbridge Co., Va. 
 
 J. R. GooDLOE, Afton, Va. 
 
 J. S. Craig, Goshen Bridge, Va. 
 
 J. Stimson, Manager, . . . Healing Springs, Bath County, Va. 
 
 J. F. Champlin, Manager, Hot Springs, Va. 
 
 F. N. Pike, Fortress Monroe, Va. 
 
 Geo. Booker, Fortress Monroe, Va. 
 
 J. W. M. Appleton, Salt Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 
 
 W. B. Bishop, Sweet Springs, W. Va. 
 
 Brooks & Richter, Sweet Springs, W. Va. 
 
 J. R. SwiNERTON, Newport News, Va. 
 
 J. W. Warren, Millboro, Va. 
 
 Dr. G. M. Nickell, Millboro Springs, Va. 
 
 Massie & Co., Afton, Va. 
 
 Chas. p. Nair Natural Bridge, Va. 
 
 Edward A. Watson, Nimrod Hall, Va. 
 
 Red Sulphur Springs Water Co., Red Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 
 
 Eugene G. Peyton & Co., Rockbridge, Va. 
 
 Chichester & Stewart, Stribbling Springs, Va. 
 
 S. E. Crittenden, Manager, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 
 Mrs. J. V. Coleman, Ferrol, Va. 
 
 Eubank & Glover, Warm Springs, Va. 
 
 B. F. Eakle, ....... White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 
 
 George Mitchell, Buffalo Springs, Va. 
 
 A. E. White, Clifton Forge, Va. 
 
 I. N. Walker, Esculapia, Ky. 
 
 W. B. RiGG, Kanawha Falls, W. Va. 
 
 Manager, Ocean View, Va. 
 
 Wm. a. Bowles, Basic City, Va. 
 
 H. W. Snyder, Covington, Va. 
 
"V 
 
 '"" aiil|i||^J|lpie%s) 
 |3 j^Ra'fl^'l^iprls, 
 
 THE MATTHEW8-N0RTHRUP CO., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 

 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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