^vx LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. ShalfS&Al 1:4$ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/rosetreatiseoncu02ellw THE ROSE', A TREATISE ON THE CULTIVATION, HISTORY, FAMILY CHARACTER- ISTICS, ETC., OF THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF ROSES, WITH ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIETIES NOW GEN- ERALLY GROWN v, / BY H. B. ELLWANGER WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY GEORGE H. ELLWANGER REVISED EDITION NEW YORK ~ liHH I V DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 1892 Copyright, 1882, By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY. Copyright, 1892, By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY. All j-ights reserved. I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO MY FATHER, GEORGE ELLWANGER, WHO HAS DONE SO MUCH TO IMPROVE HORTICULTURAL TASTE, AND INCULCATE A LOVE FOR THE BEAUTI- FUL. HE HAS EVER TAUGHT, AND PROVED BY HIS LIFE, THAT MUCH OF THE PUREST HAPPINESS IS FOUND IN ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT IN THE GARDEN. CONTENTS Introduction Preface, I. — Classification, . II. — The Families of Roses in Gen eral Cultivation, . III. — Technical Terms, IV. — Position and Soil, V.— Planting and Pruning, VI. — Manures, VII. — Insects and Diseases, VIII. — Propagation, IX. — Exhibiting Roses, X. — Roses under Glass, . XI.— Varieties for Special Purposes XII.— Raisers of the Best Roses, PAGE 9-21 23-24 25-27 28-66 67-70 71-75 76-82 83-86 87-98 99-106 107-113 I 14-126 127-133 134-155 CONTENTS. XIII. — The Seed Parents of Various Roses, XIV. — Permanent Colors. Too-Much- Alike Roses. How to Dis- tinguish between Similar Varieties, XV. — Typical Roses, . XVI. — Raising New Varieties, XVII. — Publications on the Rose Appendix — Old and New Roses, Catalogue of Varieties, , PAGE 156-161 162-173 174-185 186-198 199-202 203-227 228-308 THE ROSE I saw a Rose-hud ope this morn — / swear The blushing morning opened not more fair. COWLEY, INTRODUCTION TO REVISED EDITION. O comprehensively and intelligent- ly has the theme been treated in the following monograph by one who was eminently qualified to render it justice, that little remains to be said of the Rose in general. But during the past decade since " The Rose" was written by the late Henry B. Ellwanger, a host of new varie- ties have been produced and disseminated in the United States and in Europe. Those which have proven themselves most worthy to be retained have been included with their de- scriptions in the subjoined catalogue, the ad- ditional varieties being indicated by an aster- isk. Additional works on the subject, and magazines and periodicals relating to it, have also been carried out to date. A review from the Century Magazine, en- titled " Old and New Roses," which appeared the year following the publication of this volume, and but a month previous to the au- INTRODUCTION. thor's death, has also been included, through the courtesy of the editors of that periodical. This essay, dealing as it does with numerous vital points connected with the development of the Rose, will be found most comprehen- sive and instructive, not only by the general reader, but by the skilled rosarian as well. Apart from these additions, the original text of the volume has been left as it first appeared. With the increasing love for flowers, year by year rose-culture has steadily advanced in this country where, in its extended and varied area, the climatic requirements of this flower are scarcely excelled, while its intelligent cultivation under glass is else- where unsurpassed. Indeed, cut-flowers of most kinds are nowhere grown to greater perfection, and nowhere are more expense and pains bestowed in their development than by the florists in the metropolis and the larger cities of America. For flowers are no longer considered a mere luxury to be en- joyed by the wealthy, but have come to be regarded as a necessity to the well-being of even the modest home. The sentiment ex- pressed by Jesse, " the passion for flowers is one of the most enduring and permanent of all enjoyments," has not changed, but has rather been heightened a hundred-fold in INTRODUCTION. n these our modern days, in the same manner that an increased love for external Nature has become a marked characteristic of the age. We are perhaps no nearer now than when the present volume was written in being able to decide upon the loveliest species and vari- ety of the Rose. Moreover, the best rose under glass is not the best rose grown out of doors ; while, in any event, to pronounce upon color might be at the sacrifice of form and fragrance, in numerous cases — The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem For that sweet odor that doth in it live. Even were a few kinds singled out from the multitude for a general estimate, each of which possessed exceptional claims for rec- ognition, the florist would decide upon one, the average person upon another; just as one might declare the Rose, another the violet, lily, or primrose the sweetest flower. To be restricted to any one form or color were irk- some, withal, even in the case of individual species — Earth hath no princelier flowers Than roses white and roses red, But they must still be mingled. The Rose is no exception to the charm of variety. Yet many of the fine old kinds are 1 2 IN TROD UCTION. comparatively neglected, if not entirely lost, jostled and thrust aside by the increasing horde of newer aspirants. How many a country home owes its out- ward charm not only to its coronal of lilacs, honeysuckles, and snow-balls, its pomp of Paeonias, roses of Sharon and trumpet-vine, but to its climbing roses most of all — the blush-colored Baltimore Belle and rose-red Queen of the Prairies which festoon its pillars and entwine its arbors. Can any new variety exhale a sweeter perfume than the roses of our childhood— the old white Damask, pink Cabbage, and common Moss whose scented petals perchance remain fragrant still in the haunting essence of the rose-jar? Even the pink clusters of the rambling Michigan rose, and the spicy foliage of the Sweetbriar bring up an old garden with its pageant of daffo- dils, sweet Williams, snow-pinks, and Ma- donna lilies ; its troops of columbines, lark- spurs, bearded Irids, and bachelor-buttons; its blaze of hollyhocks, tiger-lilies, dahlias, and sunflowers. The first June rose ! emblem of summer, symbol of sweetness, hue of beauty — with each succeeding year it blos- soms fresh and beautiful as when Sappho crowned it with praise, and the nightingale wooed it in the gardens of Naishapur. INTRODUCTION, 13 Fortunately, the Rose is not confined to summer, though the class known as "sum- mer" roses is indeed fleeting. But many of the hybrid-remontants, which include a large number of the loveliest and most fragrant kinds, disburse a second autumnal bloom; while in the open air and under glass com- bined, the Rose in some of its multifarious forms may be said to bloom the year round. Essentially it is the flower of the year, as well as the flower of the poets. Not every one can afford a greenhouse in which to grow flowers during winter; very many, on the other hand, may enjoy their culture in the open air. No garden, it goes without saying, however beautiful and how- ever rich its assortment of hardy shrubs and flowers, is complete without its June rosary. Like the majority of flowers and most things that are worth the having, the Rose, as the guerdon of its beauty, demands attention and loving care. Left to itself, enemies and scourges innumerable, from the first opening leaf to the last withered petal, come to prey upon it ; not only marring its beauty but im- pairing its vitality. The rose-chafer, green- fly, leaf-roller, and rose-slug, to say nothing of mildew and the red-spider, are still as abundant as ever and require the same vig- 14 INTRODUCTION. orous treatment of whale-oil soap, quassia, tobacco, hellebore, sulphur, and Paris green. A huge syringe, intended to be attached to the garden hose, and charged with any of these insect dynamos, according to the will of the operator, is a recent invention that will be welcomed by all rose-growers. Armed with this, it is claimed that death may be meted out by wholesale to the insect scourges, if the remedy be persistently applied. For in rose pests, one brood of insects is far from making a summer, and unremitting warfare is the price of abundant bloom and vigorous foliage. As producers of new roses, the French con- tinue in the lead, though an extremely large proportion of recent French varieties are mediocre or useless for general cultivation, or resemble so closely other well-known sorts as to be of no increased value in themselves. The incentive to produce new kinds, it should be remembered, is especially great in France, where twenty-five francs apiece is demanded for a novelty which may be good, bad, or in- different, but whose description is invariably couleur de rose. Not that in the majority of cases they are sent out with the deliberate design to deceive — the Rose owes too much to Gallic intelligence, enthusiasm, and pains for IN TR OD UC TION. 1 5 a charge of this nature to be made. But to the raiser, a new variety, fostered by his care and travail, naturally possesses enhanced at- tractions which may not be equally percepti- ble to the public ; while new things are always apt to be more attractive at first sight than upon closer familiarity. The English, who come next as producers of new roses, continue to send out some ex- cellent novelties ; and, with our own growers, exercise better care and more reliability in selecting than the French. America has contributed largely those kinds suitable for forcing under glass ; and of American roses produced of recent years, it may be said they are nearly all valuable as proved by general cultivation. Among new roses there has been nothing better produced in their respective classes than Baroness Rothschild and Mme. Gabriel Luizet in pink, La France in silvery rose, Mabel Morrison in white, Marechal Niel in yellow, Catherine Mermet in delicate blush, Gloire de Dijon in rose-salmon, Marie Rady in fragrant and vivid vermilion, and General Jacqueminot in its brilliant scented crimson bud. Other new varieties have been added, to be sure, possessing especial merits. Of distinct sorts recently introduced may be par- 1 6 INTRODUCTION. ticularly instanced : Teas: Mme. Hoste (Guil- lot, 1887), Mme. de Watteville (Guillot-fils, 1884), Mme. Pierre Guillot (Guillot, 1888), Papa Gontier (Nabonnand, 1883), Queen (Din- gee & Conard Co., 1890), Climbing Niphetos (Keynes & Co., 1889), Climbing Perle des Jardins (J. Henderson, 1890). Hybrid Remon- tants: American Beauty (Hon. G. Bancroft, 1885), Earl of Dufferin (A. Dickson & Sons, 1887), Gloire de Margottin (Margottin, 1887), Lady Helen Stuart (A. Dickson & Sons, 1887), Mrs. John Laing (Bennett, 1887). Hybrid Ru- gosa: Mme. G. Bruant (Bruant, 1888). Bour- bon: Mrs. Degraw (Burgess, 1887). Hybrid Tea: Meteor (Bennett, 1887). Polyantha: Clothilde Soupert (Soupert & Notting, 1890). Of the numerous varieties produced since the present volume was written, few possess greater claims to recognition than the rose raised by the author .and named by him after the distinguished nomologist, Marshall P. Wilder — one of the most fragrant, beautiful, and free-flowering of the hybrid-remontant class, and equalled by few roses as an autum- nal bloomer. By many, American Beauty, supposed to be a cross from Mme. Victor Verdier and a Tea of unknown origin, is re- garded as the finest of roses. In its class it is certainly unrivalled, with its immense fra- IN TR OD UC TION. 1 7 grant blossoms, beautiful violet-red color, long stems, and luxuriant foliage. But it is essentially a rose for growing under glass, and cannot take the place of numerous old- time favorites as an out-of-door flower. Of comparatively recent introduction, Papa Gon- tier, in like manner, is greatly prized by florists for winter forcing, though to the ama- teur it scarcely takes the place of its deli- ciously-scented rosy rival, Bon Silene. The improvements in the Rose may be best understood on comparing the monographs and catalogues of the present day with the lists of a half-century ago, and more espe- cially with the lists as given by the old garden- masters like Gerarde, by whom it is extolled as " deserving the chiefest and most principall place among all floures whatsoever." How would Herrick and Waller have hymned its praises could they have beheld and savored the roses of to-day ! For what improvements have not been made in the Queen of Flowers since the Elizabethan poets sang, " Go, lovely rose," and " Gather ye rosebuds while ye may !" So many varieties now exist, however, that growers should exercise redoubled care in sending out anything as a novelty which does not possess intrinsic merits of its own. It 2 1 8 INTR OD UC TION. may still be reiterated that among the thou- sands of varieties included in the genus Rosa, there exist far too many similar colors, and, equally, too many varieties whose color fades with the first warm sun, though many of the latter class prove more satisfactory when grown in a moist, cool climate. There might be an abundant weeding of varieties possessing a purplish-magenta shade, to the decided advantage of both growers and gar- dens. Too little attention also is paid in the raising of new varieties and in deciding the merits of exhibition roses, both here and abroad, to one of the most precious virtues of the Rose— fragrance — . . . The coming rose, The very fairest flower, they say, that blows, Such scent she hath. A blue rose has not yet been produced. But it is not improbable that in the evolution of this favored flower, a variety with a pro- nounced bluish cast, at least, will some day smile upon its sisterhood, the result of the skill of the hybridizer, or the work perchance of the wandering bee. The most recent ex- periments of the hybridizer, in this case Lord Penzance, is a cross known as hybrid sweet- briars, the fragrance of the leaves of the par- IN TR OD UC TION. 1 9 ent species being transmitted to the hybrid. Of these seedling sweet-briars, the result of various crosses, those crossed with hybrid perpetuals or remontants, hybrid Chinas, and hybrid Bourbons, have proved to be free au- tumnal bloomers with highly-scented flowers in clusters, a scent quite independent of that of the foliage. These flowers, to which an award of merit was accorded by the Royal Horticultural Society the past season, range over many beautiful shades of color, and al- though they have not shown great tendency to become double, two rows of petals being the maximum, the idea of achieving double- ness has not been given up. As to the question of budded roses versus those grown on their own roots, there still exists a difference of opinion. In the case of certain kinds desirable in themselves, but not over-robust in habit, the budded rose, i.e., the variety budded on Manetti stock, endures better the heat of summer, produces more abundant bloom, and forms a more vigorous plant. Of roses for forcing in this country, the following may be mentioned as represen- tative kinds, although in respect to choice of varieties, florists differ somewhat, in different localities; while even in the same locality some succeed admirably with certain kinds, INTRODUCTION. where others fail. A large proportion of the following are grown by nearly all leading florists throughout the country : Teas: Bride, Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, Mme. Cusin, Mme. Hoste, Mme. de Watteville, Niphetos, Papa Gontier, Perle des Jardins, Sunset. Hybrid Teas: Duchess of Albany, La France, Meteor, Souvenir de Wooton. Hybrid China: Magna Charta. Hybrid Remontant: American Beauty, Anne de Diesbach, Baroness Roths- child, General Jacqueminot, Mabel Morrison, Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Mrs. John Laing, Paul Neyron, Ulrich Brunner. When well grown under glass, few roses equal Souvenir de la Malmaison for its deli- cate refined beauty, and the delicious attar-of- rose fragrance exhaled by its flesh-colored pet- als — a fragrance observable in a less degree in Caroline de Sansal and some other varieties. Marechal Niel, in like manner, has no equal in its splendid yellow full-blown flower, and its highly Tea-scented perfume ; but it is unfortu- nately limited to a single lode of gold during the season. With regard to odors, great vari- ety exists among the different kinds — some recalling a luscious fruit in their particular fragrance, others exhaling a spicy aroma, and others still comparable to nothing else but the pure uncloying odor of the Rose itself. INTRODUCTION. As for out-of-door roses, who may state the favorites among so many of the fair? Let each one decide their merits for himself ; and, revelling in their wealth of beauty as it un- folds with each recurring blossom-tide, re- peat with Omar : Look to the blowing Rose about us — " Lo, Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow, At once the silken tassel of my Purse Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw. " George H. Ellwanger. Rochester, Oct., 1892. PREFACE. HERE have been so many works on the Rose produced within the past twenty years, several of them being very valuable and interest- ing, that a few words may not be out of place, to explain why it was thought desirable to add to the number. The most useful of these compilations are English works, but the dif- ferences of climate, etc., render necessary, for this country, a modification and change in the directions for culture. The same rea- sons will lead us to select a somewhat differ- ent list of varieties for general cultivation from what would be chosen by English Ro- sarians ; besides all this, there is the expect- ant feeling which impels all authors, that the half has not been told, that in a subject like this no compilation can ever be deemed per- 24 PREFACE. feet or final. New varieties, new classes and types, are being produced; by experience we learn that modifications of old-established principles are often necessary, and therefore fresh gleanings from the Rose garden will ever be acceptable and interesting when coming from observing and loving devotees of La Reine. While, therefore, this book neither expects nor desires to supersede its predecessors, it asks admission to their fellowship, hoping that it contains enough that is distinctive and of merit to be considered companionable. H. B. E. Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, 1882. THE ROSE. I. CLASSIFICATION. O two books, treating of the rose, exactly agree as to the different groups under which roses should be classed, and those who expect some slight variance in this work from what has preceded it, in other compilations, will not be wrong in their conjectures. There has been such an infinitude of crosses made between different groups, by- means natural and artificial, that it would be rather remarkable to find two writers who would assign the same varieties through- out, to the same classes. So it is that, by the various conjectures and opinions of the different authors, much confusion and perplexity has been engendered. Some, in order that the character of a variety 25 26 THE ROSE. may be known as nearly as possible, form many groups, classes, divisions, and sub- divisions — enough to make the head of the reader swim in a sea of perplexity; others, in order to avoid a multiplicity of groups, narrow the classification to a few divisions, and, in so doing, bury completely the distinguishing characteristics of a variety. The former, besides arranging Hybrid Per- petuals into groups of Hybrid Noisettes and Hybrid Teas, further divide them into such groups as Hybrid Bourbons, Rose de Roso- mane, Rose de Trianon, etc. The latter would place all these among Hybrid Perpet- uals. I confess to leaning towards this lat- ter class ; but where we have distinguishing characteristics that are very marked, and other new varieties of the same or similar peculiarities are following, it seems desir- able to provide a distinctive name and divi- sion for them. Thus, when Guillot intro- duced La France, it was appropriately placed among the Hybrid Perpetual Roses, although known to have originated from the seed of a Tea Rose. It would have been unwise to make a class for the exclusive benefit of this beauty, trusting that worthy companions might in the future be found for her; but now that we have Cannes La Coquette, Ches- CLA SSIFICA TION. 27 hunt Hybrid, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, and those of Mr. Bennett's raising, it seems not only desirable but necessary to group them by themselves. The same is the case with the Hybrid Noisettes ; both of these classes are being added to annually, and are now of very great importance. On the other hand, such groups as the Hybrid Bourbons are rapidly receding from prominence, and in order to simplify matters their disintegration should be made complete ; the different varie- ties that are deemed worthy of being retained can be placed among the Hybrid Perpetuals or the Bourbons, according to their more prominent characteristics. II. THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GENERAL CULTI- VATION. PART I.— SUMMER ROSES.— Those which bloom but once during the season, in the months of June and July. Class i. — Climbing or Sarmentous Roses. The Ayrshire Rose {Rosa Arvensis Bybrt- da). — These roses, of English origin, are of slender, rapid growth, having five leaflets, often running fifteen or twenty feet in one season, and are of use in covering buildings, unsightly objects, etc. They are somewhat less hardy and less valuable than the hybrid climbers and prairie roses. They do not re- quire rich soil, and should be pruned very little, or not at all. Bennett's Seedling, Queen of Ayrshires, Queen of Belgians, and Ruga, are the leading sorts. The Banksia Rose {Rosa Banksice) is a na- tive of China, named in honor of Lady Banks by the botanist Robert Brown. It was 28 ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 29 brought to England in 1807. The flowers, very small, resembling double cherry- blossoms, are produced in clusters early in the season, and have, generally, a decided violet perfume; indeed I doubt whether many persons, if blindfolded, could by the odor distinguish them from violets. The wood is very smooth, slender, and of rapid growth. The leaflets are often but three in number, are long, dark, and lustrous. Not being hardy they can have no great value at the North, but in the Southern States they form a very desirable group. The best known sorts are Alba Grandiflora, Fortunei, White and Yellow. They should be spar- ingly pruned. Boursault Rose {Rosa Alpina). — This is a distinct but worthless group, which receives its name from M. Boursault, a Parisian rose amateur. Most of the varieties are free from thorns and have long, flexible, reddish- colored shoots. Amadis, or Crimson Bour- sault, is the one most esteemed. The Evergreen Rose {Rosa Sempervirens), with seven leaflets, has much in common with the Ayrshire, but is characterized by dark green foliage, which is retained till dis- lodged by heavy frosts ; they are of the same hardiness as the Ayrshires and require the 3o THE ROSE. same freedom from the pruning-knife ; the knife should only be applied to cut out en- tirely shoots that require thinning. There have been several pretty varieties of this group sent out, but Felicite Perpetuelle is perhaps the best representative, and the only one we would commend for cultivation. Hybrid Climbing Roses {Rosa Hybrida Scan- dens). — This class takes in those sorts for which it is difficult to find a group where they can be appropriately placed ; it gathers in waifs and is a kind of orphan asylum, a place of refuge for the abandoned and un- known. No varieties in this group are of any great value; the old sorts, Mme. d'Arblay and the Garland, once the best known, are now almost forgotten. Those which are most grown are Fortune's Double Yellow, re- cently sent out under the name Beauty of Glazenwood, and La Saumonee. The Many- Flowered Rose {Rosa Multijlora), five to seven leaflets, is a native of Japan, in- troduced into England by Thunberg in 1804. It flowers in clusters, and continues for some time in bloom ; the flowers are double, small, and of no great beauty. The shoots have comparatively few thorns, which come in pairs. De la Grifferaie is in England con- sidered valuable as a stock on which to work ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 31 the climbing teas and some other roses ; we believe it may be good for this, it is not good for anything else. Grevillia, or Seven Sis- ters, generally sent out under the latter name, is propagated to considerable extent in this country, and is principally called for by tree peddlers, who make large sales of it, by means of exaggerated colored plates, accom- panied by untruthful descriptions. It is as tender as the Tea-scented Noisettes, and is in every way inferior to them. 1'he Prairie Rose {Rosa Setigera or Rubi- folia [erroneous]) is much the most valuable of all the non-remontant climbers. It is indigenous to the country, being found in Michigan and many of the Western States. Seeds of the common variety were sown about 1836, by Messrs. Samuel and John Feast of Baltimore. The seedlings from this sow- ing were fertilized by surrounding flowers, from some of the best varieties of roses grown at the time, and from this lot came Baltimore Belle and Queen of the Prairies, the two best-known sorts. The foliage is rough, large, 5 to 7 leaflets, generally of a dark green color; , for rapidity of growth they equal or excel the Ayrshires, and sur- pass all other climbers in hardiness. They bloom in large clusters late in the season, 32 THE ROSE. when other summer roses are past and have gone their way, and succeed over a greater extent of territory than any other climbers. Although decidedly inferior in quality to the Tea-Noisettes and Climbing Teas, their hardiness and superior vigor of growth make them of great value where the more beautiful members of the sisterhood are too delicate in constitution to be made useful. When, then, it is desired to cover walls, trellises, old trees, unsightly buildings, etc., with roses, none will be found to do the work so efficiently as varieties of the Prairie Rose. It is very de- sirable that further development of this im- portant class should be found; we should endeavor, by artificial fertilization, to pro- duce hybrids, blending Hybrid Perpetual, Bourbon, and Noisette with the Prairies. This, with the more double varieties, is some- what difficult, as I found in experiments made under glass last winter. I attempted to fer- tilize blooms of Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies and Queen of the Prairies, by differ- ent varieties, such as General Jacqueminot, Safrano and Solfaterre, but the only seed I obtained was from one bloom of Gem of the Prairies fertilized by General Jacqueminot. The pistils of the Prairie Roses are glued to- gether, as it were, and make fertilization ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 33 very difficult; Gem of the Prairies, itself a hybrid, is the only one on which seed is often found in the open air, therefore we should probably be far more successful in making crosses by using some of the more single varieties. The most desirable of the class are Anna Maria, Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies (the only variety that is fragrant), Queen of the Prairies, and Triumphant. Baltimore Belle is the most beautiful, but seems to contain some Noisette blood, which makes it less hardy than the others ; it is sufficiently robust, however, to withstand all ordinary winters. The Prairie Roses, like all climb- ers, should be sparingly pruned. Class 2. Austrian Brier {Rosa Lutea). — This is a na- tive of the South of Europe, having single flowers, of a yellow or coppery-yellow color; leaflets 7 to 9 in number. The shoots are of a chocolate color, well fortified with spines. It is very hardy, and from its color and hardi- ness offers inducements to the hybridizers, but they will find some difficulty in getting it to seed. These roses must not be severely pruned or there will be an utter absence of flowers; it is only necessary to cut away 3 34 THE ROSE. shoots that are decayed or need thinning and merely pinch the tops of shoots that are left. It is a small but interesting family, and gives us the only hardy yellow roses that are of value. There are three varieties worth growing, the Copper, Harrisonii, and Persian Yellow. The foliage of this class has a slight odor like the Sweet Brier. The Da?nask Rose {Rosa Damascene?) is found native about Damascus and various portions of Syria, from whence it was brought to Europe about 1573. It is in a large degree the founder of the Hybrid Perpetual Roses. From this class, and also from the Provence, most of the rose-water is distilled. The Damask have pale green leaves (5 to 7 leaf- lets), green shoots, with numerous spines, are of vigorous growth, and very hardy ; the flowers are mostly flat, of light colors, and very fragrant. They need but little pruning. Mme. Hardy and Mme. Zoutman are the only ones worth cultivating; they are both very valuable white roses, albeit the first- named is "green-eyed, like jealousy, en- vious, it may be, of the latter, who, though not of such a clear complexion, is free from ocular infirmities." The French Rose {Rosa Gallicd)* in spite of its name, has not been traced to any country, ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION 35 but is generally credited with being a native of Europe. It is very hardy, of compact growth, requiring close pruning. The varieties in this class have very dark leaflets, 5 to 7 in number; though beautiful, they are superseded by various Hybrid Per- petuals of the same shade, and can no longer be recommended except for large collections. The best of them are Boule de Nanteuil, Oeillet Flamand, an odd, striped variety, and Triomphe de Jaussens. The Hybrid China Rose {Rosa Indica Hybri- da) has arisen from various crosses among the French, Provence and other summer kinds, with the China, Noisette, and Bourbon Roses. For a long time the varieties of this class were our most beautiful and cherished roses, but, like nearly all of the'summer sorts, they are outshone and outlasted by various Remontants. In this connection it may be remarked that about one-fourth of the roses which are sent out as Hybrid Perpetuals should properly be placed among the Hybrid Chinas, for the flowers which they produce in autumn are the exception and not the rule. A Hybrid Perpetual may be described as a Hybrid China which blooms more than once during the season ; if this classification were carried out, we should to-day be growing 36 THE ROSE. many more Hybrid Chinas and many less Hybrid Perpetuals. Raisers dislike to call a new variety Hybrid China, if by any stretch of the imagination, or from having seen a bloom during the autumn, they think people can be persuaded that they are getting a Remontant. To call a new variety a summer rose is to sound its death-knell, and no amount of adjectives in the superlative de- gree can resuscitate or afford it sufficient stimulus for more than a brief existence. People no longer buy summer roses, at least ninety-nine out of one hundred do not, but unless the description of the raiser particularly states to the contrary (that they are free au- tumnals) they are, all the same, pretty likely to get a number of them, and in the course of a few years will discover that many beauti- ful roses which they bought for Hybrid Per- petuals are simply summer roses which oc- casionally, or very rarely, grudgingly yield a few autumn flowers. In this book, therefore, many varieties will be found described as Hybrid Chinas, which are catalogued, by nurserymen, as Hybrid Perpetuals. On account of the diverse parentage of the varieties in this group, coming from so many different classes, there is great dissimilarity in the appearance of the different sorts, but ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 37 most of them are rapid growers, with long, flexible shoots; smooth, luxuriant foliage; large, rather numerous, thorns ; globular or cup-shaped flowers, which are freely produced in their season. Those of vigorous growth, and most of them are such, require but little pruning. Many of them make beautiful Pillar Roses and can be used as climbers in posi- tions where extremely rapid growth is not required; in such places they make the best summer climbers that we have. 14 It is time, I think, for some alterations in the nomenclature and classification of the rose. When summer roses — roses, that is, which bloom but once — were almost the only varieties grown, and when hybridizers found a splendid market for novelties in any quan- tities, new always, and distinct in name, the subdivisions yet remaining in some of our catalogues were interesting, no doubt, to our forefathers, and more intelligible, let us hope, than they are to us. Let us believe that it was patent to their shrewder sense why pink roses were called Albas, and roses whose hues were white and lemon were de- scribed as Damask. Let us suppose that they could distinguish at any distance the Gallica from the Provence Rose, and that when they heard the words Hybrid China, 38 THE ROSE. instead of being reminded, as I am, of a cross between a Cochin and a Dorking fowl, they recognized an infinity of distinctive attributes which estrange that variety from the Hybrid Bourbon in the most palpable and objective form. But now that these summer roses are no longer paramount — rapidly disappearing, on the contrary, before the superior and more enduring beauty of those varieties which bloom in summer and autumn too ; now that several divisions formerly recognized are gone from the catalogues, and others include but two or three able-bodied roses on their muster-roll — it would be advisable, I think, to ignore altogether these minor distinctions, and to classify as summer roses all those which bloom but once. Not without a pain- ful sigh can we older rosarians witness the removal of our old landmarks — not without a loyal sorrow do we say farewell to friends who have brightened our lives with so much gladness ; but we cannot long remember our losses, surrounded as we are by such abun- dant gains, and the tears of memory must pass away as quickly as the dew in summer."* We think within a few years the suggestion of Canon Hole will be partially carried out by nurserymen in their catalogues, but it * S. Reynolds Hole. ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION 39 would yet be well to keep in separate groups the Summer Climbers, the Austrian Brier, and Moss Roses. What remains of such old classes as the French, Provence, Damask, Hybrid Bourbon, etc., may well be grouped with the Hybrid Chinas. The best of the old Hybrid China roses are Chenedolle, so called from a member of the Chamber of Deputies in France, a vivid red of large size; Coupe d'Hebe (who would not quaff nectar from this?) ; Mme. Plantier, a val- uable white rose for massing and for hedges; and Paul Ricaut, still one of the most beau- tiful roses — alas that it blooms but once ! The Moss Rose {Rosa Ce?itifolia Muscosa) is believed to be a sport from the Provence Rose, and was introduced to England from Holland, about the beginning of the seven- teenth century. They are distinguished from other roses by the moss-like substance which surrounds the flower-buds, and by the marked Provence scent. The shoots are thickly covered with small spines. They are very subject, as a class, to mildew, and, with a few exceptions, require close pruning, rich soil, and high culture. On account of their beautiful buds they are great favorites with every one, and form decidedly the most valuable group of all the summer roses. The 40 THE ROSE. finest varieties of the race are Common Moss, Crested, and Prolific or Gracilis. Most of the kinds have 7 leaflets. The Provence Rose {Rosa Centifolia Provin- cialis), or Cabbage Rose, is supposed to have been known to the Romans, and derives its botanical name from the great number of petals or flower-leaves. Its origin is not known, but growing abundantly in Provence, the South of France, it has received that name, though the French themselves always call it by the botanical name of Rose a Cent- Feuilles. Their habit is somewhat drooping and straggling, the foliage massive; the flowers are generally of globular form and of delightful scent, so that to say a variety is as fragrant as the Cabbage Rose is commenda- tion enough, so far as scent is concerned. This class demands good culture and close pruning ; though but few in numbers, it was formerly an important group, and will ever be remembered through the Common Pro- vence, or Cabbage Rose, a variety which, though blossoming but once, should be found in every collection of any size. None others are worth cultivating except the highly scented Crested Provence, which is better known as Crested Moss and appropriately placed with the Mosses. ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 41 The Sweet-Brier {Rosa Rubiginosa), or Eglantine, with 7 leaflets, is found growing wild in different countries, but the variety known as Common Sweet-Brier, a native of England, is the only one worth growing. It is almost needless to remark that the pink flowers, which are single, possess interest only for the botanist or artist ; it is the leaves of the plant which are so attractive to gen- eral cultivators. After a warm spring shower, or when moistened by the morning or evening dew, the foliage gives out a de- lightful perfume, sui generis, equalled by few rose-blooms. Any garden of consider- able size should certainly contain a few plants of this favorite rose of the poets ; they may be planted individually, or in hedges, as they bear clipping without injury. The Scotch Rose {Rosa Sflinosissima), called by the French, Rosier Pimprenelle, is, true to the botanical name, the most thorny of all roses; but, though possessing some merit, has almost passed out of cultivation. It is a native of England and Scotland, and many varieties have been raised from seed and sent out by Scotch nurserymen, the names of which are quite forgotten, most of them de- servedly so. They are of compact growth, very hardy, generally 9 leaflets, and produce 42 THE ROSE. small flowers very early in the season ; they require but little pruning. The two varieties which are perhaps most grown are two hy- brids, Stan well's Perpetual and Souvenir of Henry Clay (raised in America) ; these give a few flowers in autumn in addition to those in spring. PART IL— PERPETUAL OR AUTUM- NAL ROSES.— Blooming more than once during the season, many of them continuously from June to November, or until cut off by the frost. Class i. — Sarmentous, Climbing or Run- ning Roses. All of these will thrive in any ordinary, good garden-soil, that is free from standing water. The more vigorous varieties should have but little pruning ; generally to thin out branches that crowd the others will be all the knife-work required. Hybrid Climbing Roses {Rosa Hybrida Scan- dens) are of modern origin and come from various sources; the greater number are sports of various Hybrid Perpetuals ; several of them have an extra vigor of growth at the expense of freedom and size of bloom, but one variety, Climbing Jules Margottin, is not ROSES IN GENERAL CULTJVA TION. 43 only one of the strongest growers among them, but yields fully as many flowers and of quite as good quality, as the parent plant. None of them make growth enough to cover large buildings, but for growing on a trellis or pillar they are very desirable. We are likely to have many valuable additions to this class in the near future ; it is already an important group. Besides Climbing Jules Margottin, the most valuable members of the group which we have tested are Reine Marie Henriette, Princess Louise Victoria, and Climbing Victor Verdier. The former was raised from the Climbing Tea, Mme. Berard, fertilized by General Jacqueminot; it is a highly scented red rose, somewhat resem- bling Cheshunt Hybrid, and though not a free autumnal sort will give a number of blooms throughout the summer months. Climbing Victor Verdier differs mainly from the parent in being of stronger growth, the flowers are somewhat smaller, and less freely produced. Climbing Edward Morren, Bessie Johnson, and Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier are new varieties which we have not seen in flower but are well spoken of. Other varieties in the class are Catherine Bell and Red Dragon. Glory of Cheshunt, raised from Charles Lefebvre, is a new variety sent out by G. Paul, of Ches- 44 THE ROSE. hunt, England. We saw this in flower, dur- ing a visit to Cheshunt in August, 1880, and were very favorably impressed with it; should it succeed as well hsre as there, it will be the best rose of the class. It is a vivid crimson, freely produced, and of vig- orous growth ; it must be a natural hybrid, or cross, as no seedling of Charles Lefebvre yet produced will compare in vigor of growth with this new sort. The Micro fihylla or Small-Leaved Rose {Rosa Microphylld) is a native of China, and was brought from there to England in 1823. The leaf-stalks are covered with numerous small leaflets, which give a name to the class. They are not quite hardy and have with one exception but little value. Alba or Alba Odorata seems to have some Tea blood; the flowers are a pale yellowish white, often pure white, and highly scented. This is a valuable rose south of Washington. The Noisette or Champney Rose {Rosa Mos- chata Hybrida) is of American origin. P'rom the seed of the White Musk Rose fertilized by the Blush China (Bengal) John Champney, of Charleston, South Carolina, raised a variety which was called Champney's Pink Cluster. A few years after, Philippe Noisette, a florist, also of Charleston, raised from the seed of ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 45 Champney's Pink Cluster a blush variety, which he sent to his brother, Louis Noisette, of Paris, France, under the name of Noisette Rose, not giving credit to Mr. Champney, as the originator of the class, which has ever since borne the wrong title of Noisette Rose. Louis Noisette received it about the year 1817. These roses, originally, had the characteristics in a great measure of the old Musk Rose, such as scent and a tendency to bloom in large clusters. The group is natu- rally of strong growth and nearly hardy, but the varieties which are now commonly grown have generally Tea blood in them, and have therefore lost much of their hardiness as well as the habit of blooming in clusters. Among the true Noisettes, Aimee Vibert (Scandens) is decidedly the most valuable; the flowers are small but pure white, suffi- ciently full, of beautiful form ; the foliage is a dark lustrous green; growth vigorous. Others belonging to this division are Admiral Rigney or Eugene Pirolle, Beauty of Green- mount, Caroline Marniesse, Fellenberg, Ophirie, Pumila, Washington, Woodland Marguerite. None of these will have inter- est for small cultivators, excepting perhaps Pumila, and this is somewhat more tender than the rest. Among the Tea-scented Noi- 46 THE ROSE. settes we have some superb roses, which have far more substance, and are much more beautiful, than those named above, albeit less hardy. They make magnificent climbers under glass, and some of them succeed fairly well at the North out of doors, if given shel- tered positions. In the Southern States they are by far the finest climbers that can be grown. Marechal Niel, which is said to have been raised from Isabella Gray, according to general opinion, is at once the best Noisette, the finest yellow, and the most beautiful variety of any class that has ever been sent out. Chromatella is another superb yellow, in beauty of flower but a few degrees re- moved from the Marechal ; but she is shy of her charms, and unless carefully treated will not display her beauty. If you would have flowers in profusion from any of these roses, you must keep away the pruning-knife, ex- cepting when it is necessary to cut away shoots altogether. Dr. Kane and Isabella Gray are two lovely roses of American origin which demand the same skill in management as Chromatella. Solfaterre is the most use- ful yellow of them all ; it is hardier, of better habit, and more certain to flower than any, and the blooms are but little inferior. Be- sides all this, it makes the best stock on ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 47 which to bud Teas, or Hybrids from the Teas, of any that I am acquainted with, sur- passing that excellent stock and parent variety, Lamarque. I should advise all per- sons who wish to grow Tea Roses, under glass, planted in borders, to put out plants of Solfaterre, and on these, after they have made sufficient growth, to bud all but the vigorous growing Teas. Marechal Niel and all the Gloire de Dijon type of Teas are im- proved by being worked on this stock. Be- ing much less hardy than the Common Brier, it would not be' so good a foster-parent for the Teas which are worked out of doors, but under glass I know of nothing equal to it. Lamarque is a superior old white rose, which has somewhat gone out of cultivation; but this should not be, for it retains the cluster- ing tendency of the race and produces an immense quantity of flowers during the season. It is a noble rose. Nearly all the fine Tea-Noisettes are traced back to Lamar- que. Besides those already named, we have Celine Forestier, Mme. Caroline Kuster, Triomphe de Rennes, and W. A. Richardson, all fine yellow roses, of healthy habit and easy of cultivation. The Polyantha Remontant Rose {Rosa Poly- anthd) was brought from Japan about the year 48 THE ROSE. 1865, by Robert Fortune, and is distinguished from all other classes by its panicled blooms. This peculiarity is not generally retained, however, when crossed with other roses, at least not in most of the varieties which have been sent out as seedlings from it. M. Jean Sisley, the eminent horticulturist of Lyons, says of this class : " It appears not to have crossed any of the other types with its own pollen. In a bed I made two years ago, with the seed in question (without practising arti- ficial fertilization), I found pure Eglantines. I would therefore recommend rosarians to try artificial fertilization on the other types, as, if we could get Tea-scented Bourbons, and Perpetual Hybrids with flowers in pan- icles, we should change the whole aspect of the rose garden, and in a most interesting way modify the rose genus." We believe some of the French rosarians have acted on this suggestion, and that they have in a measure been successful in produc- ing roses with these characteristics, as in the two varieties Paquerette raised by Guillot- fils, and Anne Marie de Montravel raised by Rambaux and Dubreuil. In August, 1880, when in Lyons, we saw a very pretty variety of this group raised from a seedling of Poly- antha crossed by a Tea. The blooms, which ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 49 are of a very delicate salmon-pink, are freely- produced and highly scented. If it proves to be of good habit, it will be a charming variety for bouquets, etc. It has since been named Mdlle. Cecile Brunner. These three sorts are the only ones of value as yet sent out ; all are remontant, which is not the case with the parent variety. The Climbing Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odo- rata Scandens) is a class, or division, so dis- tinct from the other Teas, that it requires a place for itself. Nearly all the varieties cat- alogued in this division are descendants of Gloire de Dijon, but hybridizers are making great progress of late, and it is probable we shall soon have varieties from other strains and outcrosses to be added to the list of Climbing Teas. The origin of Gloire de Dijon is unknown. It was raised in the South of France by Jacotot, and sent out in 1853, creating a great furor in rose-circles. My opinion is, that we have in this a natural hybrid produced from the seed of some strong growing Tea, or Tea-Noisette which had been impregnated by a Bourbon of robust habit. Gloire de Dijon and its offspring are of vigor- ous growth when once established, but the young plants require a long time (if grown from cuttings) before they have vitality 4 50 THE ROSE. enough to push into strong growth. It is therefore a great advantage to obtain them worked on some other stock, such as Solfa- terre, De la Grifferaie, or seedling Brier. The foliage is very large, thick, and lustrous ; thorns comparatively few; the flowers are of large size, globular shape, full, and with some fragrance. None of the progeny are quite equal to the mother variety in freedom of bloom, hardiness, or fragrance; Marie Berton, a superb pale yellow rose, ranks second. Next in order come Belle Lyonnaise, Mme. Trifle, and Mme. Berard, this last being too much like Gloire de Dijon to be valuable in a small collection. The new variety, Reine Marie Henriette, which might be classed with these, has already been mentioned and de- scribed among the Hybrid Climbers. This sort, unlike the Gloire de Dijon race, will make strong plants grown from cuttings, rooting and growing as freely as General Jacqueminot. Besides these varieties, we have climbing Devoniensis, a sport from old Devoniensis and identical with it in flower, but of much stronger growth. Except Climb- ing Devoniensis they are more than half- hardy, and will do well out of doors in posi- tions that are sheltered. ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 51 Class 2. — Autumnal non-Climbers. The Bengal or China Rose {Rosa Indica) is a native of China which was brought to Europe some time during the eighteenth century. Two varieties were introduced, the Blush China and Crimson China; from these a great number of seedlings have been raised, many of them crosses from Teas. Two groups are often made of these roses, but there is no necessity of this, as very few differ sufficiently to make two divisions de- sirable. They are of moderate, branching growth, with foliage and flowers both small. They require a rich soil and close pruning ; thus favored, they give perhaps a greater quantity of flowers during the season than any other class. They are not hardy and have no fragrance, but in spite of this are a very valuable group on account of the pro- fusion of crimson buds which are furnished by such sorts as Agrippina. A bed of Agrippina, on a lawn, is a most desirable thing; none of the other crimsons are quite equal to this old sort, from whatever point of view they be considered; among them, we note Eugene Beauharnais, Fabvier, Louis Philippe. The leading varieties of lighter shades are Cels Multiflora, Clara Sylvain, Ducher, and Mme. THE ROSE. Bureau. Two varieties of the class which have marked peculiarities are Viridiflora or Viridiscens, and James Sprunt. The former is probably a sport from the old Blush, or one of its immediate descendants ; its peculiarity consists in green flowers which are freely produced; though curious, it is not attrac- tive, and it possesses little value, save as a curiosity. James Sprunt originated in the year 1858. Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D., a Presbyterian clergyman of Kenansville, North Carolina, divided some strong plants of Agrippina. Afterwards he observed a single shoot from one of these plants growing vigorously without flowers or branches; it grew over fifteen feet before it showed any flower buds, the rest of the plant retaining its normal characteristics. This shoot branched out very freely the following year, and cuttings taken from it invariably retained the same climbing habit. The flowers of James Sprunt are somewhat larger and fuller than Agrippina, but are, of course, not pro- duced till the plant has made considerable growth. It is a valuable greenhouse climber. What are called Fairy Roses are miniature Bengals ; we do not consider them of any value, the Bengals are small enough. The Bourbon Rose {Rosa Bourboniana) was ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 53 obtained from the Isle of Bourbon and taken to France (either seeds or plants) in the early part of the century. It was noticed growing in a hedge of Bengal and Damask Perpetual Roses, and on examination proved distinct from either, but seemed to have characteristics which pertained to both. It has been considered therefore as a natural hybrid, a product from these two groups. Except in the case of varieties strongly im- pregnated with Tea blood, this class is sufficiently hardy to withstand all but ex- traordinary winters ; the tops may be black- ened by the frost, but shoots will push forth from the lower buds. The varieties vary greatly in growth and other features, but most of them are of vigorous habit, and have dark, lustrous foliage. The flowers are gen- erally of light shades and found in clusters, and are specially valuable in the autumn, when so many Hybrid Perpetuals belie their name. But it must not be overlooked that many Bourbon Roses are also shy autumnals, though mention of this is seldom made in any of the catalogues, and the impression is therefore general that all Bourbon Roses pro- duce flowers freely in the autumn. There are several well-known sorts, like Dupetit Thouars, Sir J. Paxton, etc., that will not 54 THE ROSE. produce flowers in the fall of the year at all, unless specially pruned and treated. Those which are of moderate growth require rich soil and close pruning; such are Hermosa, Queen of Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmai- son, and the new Queen of Bedders, all ex- cellent varieties worthy a place in a small collection. The stronger growers need to have less wood removed, but must have moderate pruning. The best of them are Apolline, Cornice de Tarn-et-Garonne, Duchesse de Thuringe, Edward Desfosses, George Peabody, and Malmaison. If these have the shoots moderately cut back so soon as each is through flowering, they will give a succession of flowers from June until cut off by the frost. Souvenir de la Malmaison is the general favorite of this group, but I con- sider Apolline as the most valuable; it flowers with the same freedom as Hermosa, when cut back as directed above, and has large cup-shaped blossoms of rosy-carmine that are very attractive. No collection can be complete with this variety left out. The Hybrid Noisette Rose {Rosa JN oisettiana Hybridd) is a comparatively new group of con- siderable importance. The varieties of this class generally, though not always, flower in small clusters and bloom very freely through- ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 55 out the season ; they are of about the same degree of hardiness as the Bourbons — that is, will winter with perfect safety if given some slight protection, such as hilling up earth about the plants or covering them with a loose litter or evergreen branches. It is not easy to ascertain the origin of this class, but the varieties are mostly from crosses of Bour- bon on Noisette and vice versa. They all re- quire pretty severe pruning. The most beautiful in the class are Madame Noman, Mdlle. Bonnaire, and Eliza Boelle, a trio of white roses which might well represent the three Graces. There is too strong a resem- blance between them to make all desirable in a small collection, but it is difficult to know which of them to reject. Our own pref- erence inclines towards Madame Noman. These are the most delicate in habit; of the stronger growing varieties which partake more of the Noisette character, Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Mme. Auguste Perrin are most noteworthy. Baronne de Maynard, Madame Alfred de Rougemont, and Madame Frangois Pittet are worthy a place in collections of considerable extent. The Hybrid Perpetual, or Hybrid Remontant Rose {Rosa Da??iascena Hybrida) is by far the 56 THE ROSE. most valuable, if not the most beautiful, of all groups of roses. The first varieties sent out were mostly from crosses of Bour- bons upon Damask Perpetuals and Hybrid Chinas ; afterwards crosses were made with varieties of Provence, Damask, and French roses upon Bourbons, Bengals, and Teas, and vice versa. The progeny of these was then recrossed with different classes, and so it is we have a group of the most heterogeneous character, combining the good and bad quali- ties, in greater or less degree, of nearly all the others. There are certain types in this group which gather together many varieties, in which the relationship to some one sort is readily discerned, as the Jules Margottin type, General Jacqueminot and its progeny, and the La Reine family ; but there is a vast number of sorts whose kinship cannot be traced; this is owing to the fact that the greater number of varieties have been raised from mixed seed, where no record was made of the names ; and also that in many cases, where the seed of different varieties was sown separately, there has often been a carelessness in making such a record, de- pendence being placed on the memory alone. So that many varieties whose parentage is given are oftentimes not properly traced; ROSES IN GENERA L CULT I VA TION. 5 7 it being made a matter of conjecture, or left to fallible memory to recall. The varieties differ greatly in all their characteristics, and so require somewhat different culture and treatment. Those that are of vigor- ous growth, as in other classes, need much less pruning than those of dwarfed habit, for if cut back too severely they run too much to wood. There have been hundreds of varieties of this class sent out, and the number of new sorts somewhat increases each year. Eugene Verdier, of Paris, has been foremost in the dissemination of new sorts, and it will be interesting to take note of the number of varieties offered by him, including those of his own raising, for a few years back. In 1872 he offered for sale thirty-nine new Hybrid Perpetual Roses, eight of them his own seedlings; in 1873 he offered forty-five, ten of them his own ; in 1874 he offered forty-six, ten of them his own; in 1875 he offered forty-eight, twelve of them his own ; in 1876 he offered thirty- four, ten of them his own; in 1877 he offered forty-one, ten of them his own; in 1878 he offered forty, ten of them his own; in 1879 he offered forty -two, eight of them his own. There are, of course, several new sorts each year which M. Verdier does not get hold of; 58 THE ROSE. including these, it will be seen that there are not less than forty-five new Hybrid Perpetual Roses introduced each year; perhaps one- fifth of them are worth growing, certainly not more. The rest, either from being in- ferior in quality to old-established sorts, or from too great similarity to them, are ulti- mately consigned to the rubbish heap. No satisfactory selection can be made from this innumerable class, except as made for some special end, and having some prominent features in view. We therefore give special chapters to a consideration of the best Hybrid Perpetuals for special purposes, in which the various merits and peculiarities of different varieties are discussed at some length. The Hybrid Tea Rose {Rosa In die a Odor at a Hybrida) is a new group produced from cross- ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. This is a class but yet in an incipient state ; within a few years it is likely there will be a great number of varieties where now there are but few ; it is also to be expected that there will be various and distinct types among them. Indeed among those we already have, La France, Cheshunt Hybrid, and Beauty of Stapleford show almost as marked variations as could be found among any Hybrid Per- petuals. In these three, we have "La France, ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 59 which, with a perfume peculiar to itself, is the sweetest of all roses, and equal to any in the profusion of bloom; Cheshunt Hybrid, which shows the Tea blood in its foliage more than in any other way ; what fragrance it has is more like that of Alfred Colomb or Prince Camille than like a Tea; it seldom shows a flower after the first of August ; and Beauty of Stapleford, entirely without scent, but with a decided resemblance to the Teas in foliage, appearance of the flowers, and profusion of bloom. These roses must prove more hardy than most of the Teas, but more susceptible to frost and of more delicate con- stitution than the majority of the Hybrid Remontants. Certain ones among them, as La France, Duchess of Connaught, and Vis- countess Falmouth, combine beautiful flowers with great profusion of bloom and intense fragrance ; such are the kinds that give value to the class, and unless raisers can supply new varieties in the group which combine these three qualities, they should be with- held as unfit to send out. Jean Sisley, Cap- tain Christy, and Beauty of Stapleford may have value now, while the group is yet small, but being devoid of scent are not varieties to pattern after. Captain Christy occupies a somewhat equivocal position in this class, 6o THE ROSE. being seeded from a Hybrid Perpetual Rose (Victor Verdier) fertilized by the Tea Safra- no, while all the others are seeded from Tea Roses fertilized by Hybrid Remontants; but it seems eminently proper that at least all direct crosses between the two classes, no matter whether the seed parent be Tea or Hybrid Perpetual, should be grouped with the Hybrid Teas. These roses are all of moderate growth, and must have close prun- ing and be grown in rich soil. Most of them (ten varieties) were sent out in 1879 by Mr. Henry Bennett, of Stapleford, England. It is not yet known how desirable they will be for out-of-door culture, but for forcing under glass a few of Bennett's raising are proving to be of some value. They seem to produce as many flowers in the season as do the Bengals, excelling many of the Teas proper in profusion of bloom. Beauty of Stapleford and Duchess of Westminster furnish very pretty rose-colored buds, which are unfor- tunately scentless. Duchess of Connaught, at a first glance, might readily be mistaken for La France, having much the same shade of color, but the flowers are somewhat smaller and of rounder form ; it is the only variety which resembles La France in per- fume. Jean Sisley does not open well in the ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 61 house, and is a scentless variety of rather a muddy shade of color ; we do not consider it of value. Nancy Lee is highly perfumed and gives lovely formed buds, but it is of very delicate habit. Michael Saunders and Viscountess Falmouth are two sorts of con- siderable substance, highly scented, which we consider valuable introductions ; the latter has a delightful blending of the perfumes to be found in the parents President (Tea) and the Moss Soupert-et-Notting, the odor of the Moss predominating. Duke of Connaught and Hon. George Bancroft are two dark roses, which will be more valuable to the florist, if sufficiently vigorous, than all the rest; the former is the deeper in shade, but, in spite of its breeding, is without scent ; the latter, though of lighter color, is highly perfumed ; both give beautiful buds. Pearl is a small rose with a distinct Bourbon fragrance, a good thing for cut flowers. The four new Hybrid Teas of French origin, Cannes La Coquette, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, Mme. Etienne Levet, and Mdlle. Brigitte Violet, all promise to be useful sorts. This class of roses, on account of its novelty and promise of usefulness, is now looked upon with more interest than any other, and will, in a few years, very likely prove the most popular 62 THE ROSE. class, excepting the Hybrid Perpetual and Tea. The Perpetual Moss Rose {Rosa Centifolia Muscosa) has the same characteristics (and needs the same treatment) as the Moss Rose already described, but in addition to the June blossoming produces flowers during the summer and autumn. There are but three sorts which we consider worth growing. Many worthless varieties in the class have been sent out; if the flowers were of fair quality, they were so seldom seen after the month of June as to belie their name. Mme. Edward Ory and Salet both give mossy buds that are not equal in quality to other Mosses, but give them at a time of year when the others are not to be had, and are therefore very useful. Soupert-et-Notting is not en- cumbered with a superfluity of moss, if it is with a name, but we have here a large rose- colored sort, very full, of fine form, and a strong delightful perfume that may keep one sniffing for a long time before he can go away satisfied. Our eyes may brighten at the sight of other autumnal roses more beau- tiful than this, but there are very few sorts so grateful to that other important sense — smell. With oh! and with ah! and sundry other relevant remarks we may gloat over ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 63 this rose, as does the street Arab inspecting the pies and confections in the window of a pastry-shop. The Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odorata) may well be taken as a synonym for all that is delicately beautiful. What refinement of color; what subdued, yet powerful, fragrance do they possess ! They are indeed the centre of loveliness ; like fair maids at a reception surrounded by admiring groups, these lend beauty to the others, which may well strive to find a near approach to their sweet pres- ence, that perchance they may receive a smile, and borrow beauty, diffused from their chaste loveliness. There has always been a warm place in my heart for the Tea Rose, for, sub rosa, let me confess it, this was my first love (I fear no conjugal jealousy or censure in making this confession) ; a bed of Tea Roses planted near my father's house first won me as a devotee to the rose, and by foliage and flower I learned to distinguish varieties among them before I even knew the names in other classes ; I should now as soon think of doing without roses altogether as not to have a bed of Teas in my garden. Several varieties in this group were brought to England from China, their native place, in the early part of the century; 64 THE ROSE. among them were the Blush Tea and Yellow Tea, two varieties from which most of the sorts now in cultivation have descended. Both of these kinds are free seed-bearers, the Yellow Tea more particularly; it has beauti- ful buds of pale yellow, but the habit of the plant being unhealthy it has now nearly gone out of cultivation. The old Blush is also no longer named in most catalogues, but there are many rosarians still living who cherish it in affectionate remembrance and recollect it as one of the most fragrant in the family. Most of the varieties in this group are very sensitive to any neglect, and will show very quickly whether they have met with good or ill treatment ; the soil can scarcely be made too rich for their reception, but it must be light, warm, and well drained. If the place chosen consist of heavy clay soil, a foot or more must be dug out, carted away, and filled up with that which is mellow. As most of the varieties are of but moderate growth, they require rather close pruning. To protect them during winter, we advise hilling up earth about the plants and then spreading over evergreen branches or loose litter. Care must be exercised that the plants be not embedded and packed down with a heavy mass, otherwise decay and ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 65 death will ensue ; some air will needs be ad- mitted; the plants must be protected but not smothered. The Tea class is much more uniform in the characteristics of the different varieties than are any of the other large groups. In judging of their merits we lay less stress on fulness of flower than on other claims, be- cause most of those which have compara- tively few petals are very beautiful in bud, and it is for the buds that Teas are largely prized. Thus Isabella Sprunt and Marie Guillot are two roses highly prized, but one of them is only semi-double, while the other has so many petals that they do not always unfold satisfactorily. The flowers vary very greatly in size as well as in fulness, some of them, like Canary, Caroline, and Monsieur Furtado, being quite small, and others being large, as Madame Bravy, Souvenir d'un Ami, etc. This has now become such a large division that it is no easy matter to select a num- ber of varieties for commendation, but those named below are among the most beautiful, and also of the most healthy habit — a very im- portant feature to be considered. Bon Silene, Isabella Sprunt, and Safrano 5 66 THE ROSE. are to be chosen for their buds only ; Mme. Falcot, a seedling of Safrano, has fuller flowers of nearly the same shade, but they are not so freely produced and the habit of the plant is more feeble. The following are fine in both bud and flower: Bou- gere, Catherine Mermet, Comtesse Riza du Pare, Gerard Desbois, Homer, Jean Ducher, Jean Pernet, Madame Bravy, Madame de Vatry, Madame Lambard, Madame Welche, Marie Ducher, Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos (a poor grower), Perle des Jardins, Rubens, Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Luxembourg. Among these Niphetos is the only one of bad growth, but it is so much the finest of the white Teas, that it should find a place in every collection of any size. Full descriptions of all these sorts will be found elsewhere. III. TECHNICAL TERMS. HE rosarian and the hasty reader are invited to pass by this chapter, but if, unversed in rose-lore, any reader become interested in the subject, there will be found many terms, mostly botanical, which require some ex- planation, as presented herewith, and to which he may be glad to refer. Anther. A rounded knob at the summit of the filament; a portion of the stamen which contains the pollen or fecundating matter of the flower. Armed. Provided with thorns or prickles. Callus. A swelling which occurs at the base of a cutting previous to the formation of roots. Calyx. An envelope which holds the other parts of the flower ; it consists of narrow green leaves or sepals of a pithy texture ; these sepals generally cohere by their edges. 67 THE ROSE. Corymb. Flower stalks produced along a common stalk which rise so as to form a level top. Disbudded. Deprived of flower buds. Flower buds are pinched or cut away, in order that those remaining will attain greater perfection. Eye. The stamen and pistils of a flower. Sometimes this term is used synony- mously with bud. Filament. The thread-like part of the sta- men which supports the anther. Hip or Hep. The fruit or seed pod. Hybrid. A cross, which is the product of a mixture of two different species. Leaflet. One of the divisions of the com- pound leaf with which all roses are fur- nished; these are attached to the petiole by minor foot stalks. Maiden Plant. That which blooms for the first time after budding or grafting. Ovary. The hollow portion at the base of a pistil containing the ovules or bodies destined to become seeds. Panicle. A cluster of flowers irregularly TECHNICAL TERMS. 69 produced from a main stem, or peduncles variously divided. Peduncle. The stalk upon which the flower is borne. Petal. A leaf of the flower. Petiole. The stalk to which are attached the several leaflets. Pistil. The columnar seed-bearing organ in the centre of a flower ; sometimes there are several in one flower ; it consists of one or more styles, one or more stigmas and the ovary. Pollen. The fecundating powdery substance found in the anthers. Remontant. As applied to roses that which flowers the second time. From the French verb to remount. Sepals. Those leaves which form the calyx. Sport. A shoot or sucker from a plant which shows either in foliage, flower, vigor of growth, or in all of them, some peculiar feature or features, distinct from the rest of the plant. Stamens. The male organs of fructification in a flower, surrounding the pistil. 7o THE ROSE. Stigma. The top portion of the pistil which receives the pollen and connects with the ovary by a tube through the centre of the style. Style. The erect column, sometimes several combined in one, which connects the stigma with the ovary. Sucker. A branch or root which proceeds from the root, or stem of the plant, just below the surface. IV. POSITION AND SOIL. HE first requisite in the culture of roses is the selection and prepara- tion of a suitable place for plant- ing. This is very important, as all that follows depends upon the care used in this first step. To begin with, then, choose the best place you have in the garden, a place where you can offer sufficient protection by means of hedges or board fences from bleak sweeping winds. When fences are used, their general ugliness can be most appropriately clothed by roses themselves. A warm, sunny posi- tion is also requisite; if so situated that there is an exposure to the morning sun, and the hot rays during the afternoon are in part or wholly shaded, all the better, but a certain amount of sunlight is as essential to a rose's welfare as to our own, though many of us do not show our appreciation of the blessings of sunlight as gratefully as do our roses. Be- 71 72 THE ROSE. sides scattering them through our gardens, roses may be made very effective planted in borders about our lawns, either individually or in groups, and also planted in beds on the lawn. Thoughtlessness often leads people to plant roses under the shadow of overhanging buildings, or close to large deep-rooted trees ; and then there is inquiry and wonderment why the plants are always covered with mil- dew? and why they do not blossom and grow as those in a neighbor's yard, where there are always beautiful roses to be seen? There is much more in common, or should be, be- tween animal and plant life, than is practi- cally acknowledged by most of those who strive to grow roses. Both demand for their perfect development a sufficiency of nourish- ing food and drink, a pure atmosphere, a temperature as equable as possible, and thorough cleanliness. Let every one who plants roses bear this in mind and we shall find a wonderful improvement in the quality and quantity of the flowers. " Some having heard that a free circulation of air and abundance of sunshine are es- sential elements of success, select a spot which would be excellent for a windmill, ob- servatory, beacon, or Martello tower; and POSITION AND SOIL. 73 there the poor rose-trees stand, or, more ac- curately speaking, wobble, with their leaves, like King Lear's silver locks, rudely blown and drenched by the to-and-fro contending wind and rain. " Others, who have been told that the rose loves shelter, peace, repose, have found 'such a dear snug little spot, ' not only surrounded by dense evergreen shrubs, but overshadowed by giant trees. Rest is there assuredly — rest for the rose, when its harassed life is past, when it has nothing more for disease to prey upon, no buds for the caterpillar, no foliage for the aphis — the rest of a mausoleum ! I was taken not long ago to a cemetery of this description, which had been recently laid out ; and there was a confident expectation of praise in the pretty face of the lady who took me, that I was sorely puzzled how to express my feelings. I wished to be kind, I wished to be truthful ; and the result was some such a dubious compliment as the Sultan paid to the French pianist. The Frenchman, you may remember, was a muscular artist, more remarkable for power than pathos; and he went at the instrument and shook and worried it as a terrier goes in at rats. His exertions were sudorific; and when he finished the struggle, with beads on his brow, the Sultan 74 THE ROSE. told him, 'that, although he had heard the most renowned performers of the age, he had never met one who — perspired so freely!' Nor could I, with my heart as full of charity's milk as a Cheshire dairy of the cow's, think of any higher praise of the plot before me than that it was an admirable place for fern ; and therefore, when my commentary was re- ceived with an expressive smile of genteel disgust, as though I had suggested that the allotment in question was the site of all others for a jail, or had said, as Carlyle said of the Royal Garden at Potsdam, that 'it was one of the finest fog-preserves in Europe, ' then, without further prevarication, I told the truth. And the truth is, that this boundless contiguity of shade is fatal, and every over- hanging tree is fatal as an upas-tree to the rose. The rose in close proximity to a forest- tree can never hope to thrive. In a two-fold sense it takes umbrage; robbed above and robbed below, robbed by branches of sun- shine and by roots of soil, it sickens, droops, and dies." * In connection with a choice of location, we must see that roses are provided with a proper soil. They will do well in any or- dinary garden soil that is free from standing * " A Book about Roses." POSITION AND SOIL. 75 water and well drained. When there is too much clay, the soil can be made sufficiently friable by the application of wood and coal ashes, lime, burnt earth, etc. When, on the other hand, a soil is sandy or too light, we need to bring clay, muck, leaf mould, etc., to obtain sufficient body. This soil must, of course, be thoroughly manured and worked ; frequent spading will do a great deal toward lessening the stiffness of a heavy soil. On no account attempt to make roses grow in a wet spot ; if there be such a place which it is desired to use, let the soil be thoroughly drained by sinking tiles to a depth of four feet, or provide in some other way for carry- ing off the water. Where it is impossible to find a position capable of being drained by tiles from the ground being too flat, the soil may be removed to a depth of a few feet, and stones, bricks, debris of any kind, thrown in ; but whenever the water can be carried off in tiles it is better to do so. V. PLANTING AND PRUNING. OSES that have been grown out of pots should, if possible, be planted while in a dormant condition ; for, if removed for transplanting while the sap is flowing freely, and the plant is in vigorous growing condition, there occurs too great a shock, one from which the plant does not easily recover. All roses, therefore, taken from the open ground should be planted during the autumn or spring; the more hardy kinds, such as the summer roses, most of the Hybrid Perpetuals, and possibly some of the Bourbons, may preferably be planted in the autumn ; the more tender sorts in the spring. Plants that have been propagated from cuttings, or layers (on own roots), should be set, as nearly as possible, as they were grown in the nursery. Budded or grafted plants should be set so that the junc- tion of the bud or graft is about two inches be- neath the surface of the soil. Planted in this 76 PLANTING AND PRUNING. 77 way there is much less liability of suckers from the stock being put forth, and oppor- tunity is afforded for the plant to put forth roots from the bud or graft ; this often takes place, so that ultimately the plant is virtually on its own roots. Roses that are pot-grown can be planted at any time from April till Oc- tober, but if set out during the heat of summer special care must be given in watering, etc. Respecting the sized plants which should be set out, we earnestly advise all those who can obtain them to put out plants of one or two years' growth that have made a free but not excessive growth, with well-ripened wood; these can be obtained at most of the large reliable nurseries. Many florists do a large and exclusive business in sending by mail small plants, cuttings of a few weeks' growth ; this is all very well, to give opportunity to many people to obtain plants, which could not, owing to the lack of express or railroad facilities, be forwarded in any other way; but these bantlings often require much care and tender nursing, and are seldom of any account until the second year from planting, for in order to promote their growth the flower buds should be kept cut off during the first year — if allowed to produce any, they are not only not of first quality, but enfeeble 78 THE ROSE. the plant; whereas older plants, carefully grown, will give effective results the first year. Some nurserymen make a practice of cutting away all the flower buds from free blooming varieties, which form on the young plants during the first year's growth; this practice is to be highly commended; such plants are far more valuable to the purchaser than those not so treated. Quality should always be preferred to quantity ; this is true whether respecting the plants or the flowers of roses, and one good two-year plant is worth more than six of the sucklings often sent by mail — poor, weak infants, which never should have been sent from the nursery — just as one good bloom of Marie Baumann, or Alfred Colomb, is worth half a dozen of Pius the IX. or Triomphe de l'Exposition. Care must be exercised that the soil about the plant be well pulverized and no hard lumps allowed to remain in contact with the roots; after the plants are set out, be sure that they are firmly pressed in with the feet or hands ; plants that are loosely stuck in the ground can never do well. Another prom- inent thing to bear in mind is : never allow the plants to lie exposed to the wind and sun, keep them covered until ready to plant. The distance apart is somewhat regulated by PLANTING AND PRUNING. 79 the vigor of growth ; the strongest growers should be put about three feet apart; for those of weaker habit, one or two feet would suffice. In planting beds, if of more than one variety, the strongest sort should be in the centre and those of the weakest habit on the outside. It is almost unnecessary to say, that no planting should be attempted if the ground be very wet, or very d^, as during a summer drought ; and that very late in the season, whether autumn or spring, is not a good time to set out roses; few things suffer so much from late spring planting as do roses ; if the buds have pushed forth, it is generally time and money thrown away to set out plants, other than those pot-grown. The reason pot-grown plants can be used after the others is that the soil in which they are grown can be retained when the roses are removed from the pots, and the plants con- tinue to grow without check. Pot-grown roses must not be immediately exposed to the rays of a hot sun ; if planted out they should receive some shade for a few days, and be carefully watered. Water must not be ap- plied during the heat of the day, but in the morning or evening. The pruning of roses is one of the most important features connected with their cul- 8o THE ROSE. ture, but no directions that can be given will prevent some mistakes from being made. It is practical experience alone that will enable one to determine just what is to be done in each individual case, and just how to do it ; but the general principles that should govern can be easily stated and comprehended. I would recommend the operator to procure what is known as a pruning-knife, having a hooked blade, and also a secateur, or pair of pruning-shears ; the latter is better for cutting away shoots from the centre of a bushy plant and is the quickest and most easy to handle, but where a very smooth cut is desired, the pruning-knife will be found most effective; it is also less likely to bruise the bark. All roses that come from the open ground should be pruned before planting or immediately after. Many persons who are careless, or not informed, set out the plants just as they come from the nurseries ; under such circum- stances the plants cannot thrive, the sap has too many buds to nourish and a weak growth ensues. The shock from transplanting must be met by a shortening of both shoots and roots ; the shoots being shortened the number of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and a more vigorous growth follows. Not only should all bruised roots be pruned, cutting PLANTING AND PRUNING. Si away to the sound part, but also all those large ones that are uninjured, for by this they are induced to put forth small roots of fibrous nature, which are of great assistance in promoting health and vigor of plant. The cut made in pruning should be as nearly horizontal as possible, so that there shall be but a slight exposure of wounded surface ; it is generally preferable to cut from the inside, and to see that the top bud which is left points outward. If the plants bleed after the operation the surface of the cut should be smeared over with wax or other substance ; often a coating of mud will answer. Roses are pruned both early in the spring and in the autumn; we prefer the former season, but when done then, care must be had not to put it off too late, for if not at- tended to early, the sap will have pushed toward the upper buds, and when pruned there will be bleeding or exuding of the sap. The pruning should therefore take place while the plants are dormant, and before the sap begins to flow. The chief objects to be held in view in pruning are the formation of a symmetrical plant, and to promote the formation of bloom buds. To secure these the following general rule must be observed : Plants of delicate habit and weak growth re- ts 82 THE ROSE. quire severe pruning; those that are vigorous in growth should have the shoots only moder- ately shortened, but the branches well thinned out. If varieties of vigorous habit are closely pruned, a great growth ensues and very few flowers ; hence it is of the utmost importance to know the character of the variety that is to be operated on. Besides pruning the plants in March, a summer pruning is desir- able with many varieties of Hybrid Perpet- uals, so soon as the June blossoming is over, in order to induce the formation of flower buds later in the season, VI. MANURES. E trust that impatient readers will not pass by this chapter with turned-up nose and a sniff of dis- dain, for the subject is an impor- tant, albeit an unpleasant one, to handle. We shall make it short, if not sweet. Manure, if new, should never be applied so as to come in contact with the roots, but may be spread on the surface of the earth as a mulch ; this is often done with advantage in the autumn, digging it in in the following spring. Manure which is to be dug in about the plants must be decomposed, and may be advantageously mixed with a compost of good turfy loam and spent hops ; all animal manure is useful for roses, particularly droppings of the cow, pig, and sheep ; these mixed with a compost as named form the best fertilizers that can be used. Besides these, the cleanings from the poultry house, night soil, soot, bone-dust, and guano will 83 84 THE ROSE. all be found excellent, but nothing I believe is better than a mixture — one-third each — of cow-dung, rotted hops, and turfy loam. Horse-dung is much better for heavy soils than for light, and cow-manure does not do so well for soils inclining to be wet. In the hot, dry weather, which we often have in summer, a good watering of liquid manure will be of very great benefit to the plants, more especially during the time of the forma- tion of flower buds. " The happy rosarian who has a farm-yard of his own will, of course, have a large covered tank therein, for the reception and preservation of liquid manure. At all times, of drought especially, this will be more precious as a restorative and tonic to his roses than the waters of Kis- singen, Vichy, or Harrogate to his invalid fellow-men. Only let him remember this rule of application — weak and oft rather than strong and seldom. I bought my own ex- perience by destroying with too potent pota- tions — forgetting that infants don't drink brandy neat — the delicate fibrous rootlets of some beautiful rose-trees on the Manetti stock."* Night soil would be found a most valuable manure, if people would only rightly prepare and use it, but each rosarian * S. R. Hole. MANURES. 85 points to the other and wonders why no one is found to make use of this valuable com- modity which now goes to waste, but no one takes hold. " The Romans reverenced Cloacina, the goddess of the sewers, and the statue which they found of her in the great drains of Tarquinius was beautiful as Venus's self; but they honored her, doubt- less, only as a wise sanitary commissioner who removed their impurities, and, so doing, brought health to their heroes and loveliness to their maidens. They only knew half her merits ; but in Olympus, we may readily be- lieve, there was fuller justice done. Al- though weaker goddesses may have been un- kind — may have averted their divine noses when Cloacina passed, and made ostentatious use of scent-bottle and pocket-handkerchief — Flora, and Pomona, and Ceres would ever admire her virtues, and beseech her benign influence upon the garden, the orchard, and the farm. But the terrestrials never thought that fax urbis might be lux or Ms, and they polluted their rivers, as we ours, with that which should have fertilized their lands. And we blame the Romans very much in- deed; and we blame everybody else very much indeed ; and we do hope the time will soon be here when such a sinful waste will THE ROSE. no longer disgrace an enlightened age ; but beyond the contribution of this occasional homily, it is, of course, no affair of ours. Each man assures his neighbor that the pro- cess of desiccation is quite easy, and the art of deodorizing almost nice ; but nobody 'goes in. ' The reader, I have no doubt, has with me had large experience of this perversity in neighbors, and ofttimes has been perplexed and pained by their dogged strange reluc- tance to follow the very best advice. There was at Cambridge, some thirty years ago, an insolent, foul-mouthed, pugnacious sweep, who escaped for two terms the sublime lick- ing which he 'annexed' finally, because no one liked to tackle the soot. There were scores of undergraduates to whom pugilism was a thing of beauty and a joy forever, who had the power and the desire to punish his impudence, but they thought of the close wrestle — they reflected on the 'hug,' and left him. To drop metaphor, there is no more valuable manure; but it is, from cir- cumstances which require no explanation, more suitable for the farm than the garden, especially as we have a substitute [farm -yard manure] quite as efficacious, and far more convenient and agreeable in use." * * " A Book about Roses," S. Reynolds Hole. VII. INSECTS AND DISEASES. O one can be more profoundly im- pressed with the curse entailed on Adam and his descendants than the reverent rosarian; for all things hostile and bad, animate and inani- mate, seem to combine in greater degree to prevent the successful cultivation of the rose than any other well-known flower. Few things, for example, can be more effective in their season than a massive bed of paeonies; they have all the shades of the rose, are more hardy, and know nothing of mildew or the ravages of insect enemies; but they are almost entirely neglected — very un- justly too — that proper attention may be given to our roses, which need constant care and attention to make their culture profitable. The price to be paid for beautiful roses is eternal vigilance inspired by reverent love. "He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must have beautiful roses in his heart, 87 THE ROSE. He must love them well and always." A genuine lover of roses is not discouraged by the knowledge of the difficulties that attend the culture of his favorites, the rather is he incited to succeed in spite of all obstacles and drawbacks, knowing that as faint heart never won fair lady, he cannot expect the smiles of Marie Baumann, or Marie Van Houtte, unless he thoroughly cultivate the acquaintance of these beauties, and wait upon them with more attention and deeper concern than would the gallant of the ball- room upon the attendant belles. The following are the chief foes with which the rose has to contend : The Aphis {Aphis jRosce), or Green Fly, is well known by all who have grown roses. It is a small green louse, about one-eighth inch in length when fully grown, usually wing- less. Their bodies are oval and soft, they secrete a sweet fluid, of which ants are very fond. The presence of ants on roses is good evidence, did we require it, that the aphis is at work. They are very prolific in breeding ; Reaumur estimates that one individual in five generations may become the progenitor of nearly six thousand millions of descend- ants. Through their slender beak they suck the juices of the plant, always working at the INSECTS AND DISEASES. 89 tender shoots, and in a short time will, if un- molested, destroy the vigor or vitality of any rose they infest. Much the best destructive agent to use against them is tobacco smoke ; when this cannot be applied, a liquid solu- tion, made from tobacco stems or leaves, or from quassia, will be found an efficient method of working their destruction. Take four ounces of quassia chips, or tobacco stems, and boil them about ten minutes in a gallon of soft water; strain off the chips, and add four ounces of soft soap, which should be dissolved in it as it cools, stirring well before using. It may be applied by dipping a whisk broom in the mixture and sprinkling all shoots that are infested. Whale-oil soap, dissolved in water, is also a useful remedy. Mildew. — This is a fungous disease often caused by great and sudden atmospheric changes, and by a long continuance of damp, cloudy weather. The best proved remedies are sulphur and soot ; one of these should be applied the moment the disease makes its ap- pearance; the plants should be sprinkled with water so that the substance applied will adhere, or else let it be put on early in the morning while the dew is yet on the plants. Some localities are much more subject to visitations of this disease than ethers, and in QO THE ROSE. such places care should be taken not to plant varieties that are known to be specially liable to mildew. As it is contagious, spreading from one plant to another, we should advise the destruction of such sorts as belong to the Giant of Battles type (see chapter on Typical Roses) ; better it is to sacrifice a few kinds than that all should be disfigured with this annoying fungus. Gen- erally mildew makes its appearance in the autumn, when the nights grow cool ; at this season it works but little harm and may be disregarded, since the plants have made their growth and the wood is nearly, or quite, ripe. The Red Spider is a most destructive little insect, which generally commits its ravages in the greenhouse ; they only make their appearance when favored by a hot, dry atmosphere. These insects are very small, scarcely distinguishable by the eye, if iso- lated; they are of a dark, reddish-brown color, found on the under sides of the leaves. They cause the foliage to assume a yellow tinge, and will soon make sickly the plant they infest. A few applications of whale-oil soap dissolved in warm soft water will often destroy them; this can be applied with a syringe, taking care to throw the water up- ward to reach the leaves affected, late in the INSECTS AND DISEASES. 91 afternoon, and then washed off with pure water the following morning. This insect does not attack plants that are syringed with water daily, and all plants grown under glass, not in flower, should be sprayed regularly. When a house that has been infested with Red Spider can be emptied of the plants, it is well to burn sulphur on charcoal embers ; the fumes from the sulphur are fatal to nearly all insect life, and a house can by this means be soon freed from this insect; as burning sulphur is also destructive to plant life, this process can only be used in emptied houses, unless only a slight quantity be used at a time. Rose Hopper, or Thrips (Tettigonia Rosa, of Harris). — This is perhaps the most trouble- some pest with which the rose is afflicted in the open air. It is a small, yellowish-white insect, about three-twentieths of an inch long, with transparent wings. Like the Red Spider, they prey upon the leaves, work- ing on the under side ; they seem to go in swarms and are very destructive to the plant, soon causing the foliage to assume a sickly, yellow appearance. As they jump and fly from one place to another, their destruction is less easy to accomplish than is the case with other enemies. We have found syring- 92 THE ROSE. ing the plants with pure water, so as to wet the lower side of the leaves, and then dust- ing on powdered white hellebore, will de- stroy or disperse them. Another remedy, nearly or quite as good, is a solution of whale-oil soap, which must also be applied so as to reach the leaves from beneath. Rose Caterpillar, or Leaf-Roller. — There are several kinds of caterpillars, be- longing to an order called Lepidoptera, which prey upon the rose. They are the young of moths or butterflies, varying from one-half inch to three-fourths inch in length ; some of these are green and yellow, others brown; they all envelop themselves in the leaves or burrow in the flower buds. Powdered helle- bore sprinkled over the plants will prevent in a large measure their moving over the plants, but the only method of killing them, which is really effectual, is by crushing be- tween finger and thumb. This crushing pro- cess may not be considered an agreeable pastime, but it must be done, and fastidious people can either delegate the work to others, or go armed, not cap a pie, but with gloved hands, and perform the work themselves. It is time to look out for these marauders when the buds are formed and begin to show signs of plumpness. INSECTS AND DISEASES. 93 Rose Chafer, or Rose Bug. — This (the Melolontha subspinosa, of Fabricius) is a brown beetle, a little less than one-half inch in length, which comes from the ground about the second week in June, or when the Damask Rose is in blossom. Many localities are never troubled with this pest ; where it does appear, it is never alone, but in swarms ; the insects attack the flowers in preference to the foliage, and seem to be more fond of white and light-colored flowers than of those which are dark. In a very short time they entirely disfigure and greatly injure the plant which they attack; an application of Paris. green dusted over the plants is very destructive to them, but being so dangerous a poison, we recommend hand-picking and burning of the bugs in preference. The application of tobacco-water, whale-oil soap, etc., is use- less, for in order to have any effect upon the bugs the solution would have to be made so strong that it would work injury to the plants. Rose Slug. — These slugs are the larva of a saw-fly, called by Harris Telandria Rosa, an insect about the size of a common house- fly, which comes out of the ground during May and June. The female flies puncture the leaves in different places, depositing their 94 THE ROSE. eggs in each incision made; these eggs hatch in twelve or fifteen days after they are laid. The slugs at once commence to eat the leaves, and soon make great inroads upon the foliage, if not checked. They are about one- half inch long when fully grown, of a green color, and feed upon the upper portion of the foliage. The best remedies are powdered white hellebore, or a solution of whale-oil soap. White Grub.— These grubs are the young of those buzzing, sticky abominations known as May-bugs. The beetles are thus described by Harris : " During the month of May, they come forth from the ground, whence they have received the name of May-bugs or May-beetles. They pass the greater part of the day upon trees, clinging to the under sides of the leaves in a state of repose. As soon as evening approaches, they begin to buzz about among the branches, and con- tinue on the wing till toward midnight. In their droning flight they move very irregu- larly, darting hither and thither with an un- certain aim, hitting against objects in their way with a force that often causes them to fall to the ground. They frequently enter houses in the night, apparently attracted as well as dazzled and bewildered by the lights. Their INSECTS AND DISEASES. 95 vagaries, in which, without having the power to harm, they seem to threaten an attack, have caused them to be called dors, that is, darers; while their seeming blindness and stupidity have become proverbial in the ex- pressions 'blind as a beetle' and 'beetle- headed.' After the sexes have paired the males perish, and the females enter the earth to the depth of six inches or more, making their way by means of the strong teeth which arm the forelegs; here they deposit their eggs. . . . From the eggs are hatched, in the space of fourteen days, little whitish grubs, each provided with six legs near the head, and a mouth furnished with strong jaws. When in a state of rest, these grubs usually curl themselves in the shape of a crescent." These annoying pests live in the earth for three years, feeding on the roots of roses and other plants, and give no sign of their presence till the plant on which they feed commences to wither or turn sickly. So soon as evidence is given of their ravages, the plant should at once be dug around and search made for the grub, that his destruction may save other plants from death. The grub is more fond of the roots of strawberries than of any other food, and if these berries are grown alongside of roses a careful lookout 96 THE ROSE. must be had. It is a fortunate thing that the grub does not confine himself to a rose-diet, else would the culture of our favorite flower often be conducted with more plague than pleasure or profit. There are other insect enemies of the rose besides those we have named, but they seldom do any great damage, and we think our readers are ready to cry, enough of bugs. We have given a list of remedies for con- trolling the ravages of the various pests which worry the rose, but it is with our roses as with ourselves, prevention is always better than cure. A pure atmosphere, cleanliness, by the free use of water, etc., healthy food, not necessarily that which is most nutritious, but that which can with certainty be assimi- lated or digested, are requirements common to our own lives and those of our roses, if they are to be healthy ones. A watchful care, with systematic attention to watering, syringing, etc., will often keep away insect enemies that would otherwise surely come to torment us. Many gardens in the suburbs of cities are supplied with water conducted from the mains of the water works in pipes ; those who have such a supply of water in their grounds will find it an easy matter fre- quently to spray all the plants both from INSECTS AND DISEASES. 97 beneath and above. The frequent and vig- orous application of water is as hateful to the insects described as it is to fighting cats, and every one who grows roses (or cats) should be provided with that most useful instrument the garden syringe ; it is a most valuable weapon of defence or of offence, whether used in keeping off the Rose Hopper or in dispersing the caterwauling midnight marauders that may come within range. There are some insects which entomologists claim to be useful, as destroying those which are noxious ; such are the larvae of the gar- den beetle, rose beetle, ladybird and others, which feed upon aphides and caterpillars. I know nothing of the truth of this from per- sonal observation, and do not see how their aid can be considered of any great value, since the solutions, etc. , which are necessary to apply when noxious insects make their appearance, would be pretty certain to de- stroy friend and foe alike. I have much more confidence in the help to be obtained from the despised toad, and some of the birds, especially the ground-bird and spar- row ; the toad will devour many of the worms and caterpillars, the birds will destroy not only these, but also the insects which infest the plants. The aid of the birds might be 7 :: THE FOSE. CHilb LfcrU. Lfj IXcU-lj : _ a . ^ ~ •• -_ - - ; among the plants when they have consumed the crumbs they will naturally torn their attention to the ir.=e::5 at hand, and thus repay their benefactors, VIII. PROPAGATION. HERE are four methods used in propagating roses — by cuttings, by budding, by grafting, by layer- ing ; in importance they rank in the order named, and in this order we will briefly consider them. Although the principles which govern the art of propagation are the same the world over, it will be found that rosarians differ widely in working out details ; thus, in the production of roses from cuttings, we, in America, are as much more successful than our European brethren as they excel us in the production of budded and grafted plants. By Cuttings.— There is no doubt but that plants grown from cuttings are the most useful for general purposes, and the greater number of our choice varieties can be grown in this way without difficulty ; but there are some beautiful kinds, like Baroness Roths- child, which root with great difficulty ; these 99 THE ROSE. sorts can only be profitably grown by bud- ding or grafting. Cuttings can be made at any time of the year. The old ideas that the wood must he cut at a joint or with a heel, and that it is essential they should be placed in bottom heat, have been thoroughly ex- ploded. The most successful propagation made by cuttings, for the largest number of kinds, is made during the late winter months from strong plants one or two years old that have been grown in open ground, potted in the month of November; or from plants which have been grown in pots for one year, or planted out under glass. Cuttings of all kinds which root freely, like General Jacque- minot, Victor Verdier, etc., can be made from one eye only, and cut between the joints just as well as after the old fashion of cutting to a heel, and with three or more eyes — an unnecessary and wasteful process. All of the large commercial establishments in this country do most of their rose propa- gation in the months of January, February, and March ; the cuttings are made to one eye and dibbled in beds of sand, or in some cases are placed in pots of sand and these pots plunged in beds of sand; underneath the staging which supports the cuttings run hot- water pipes or flues; these are commonly PROPAGATION. boarded-in to secure bottom heat, and this I believe to be the best method. Some rose growers make no attempt at confining the pipes or flues, and produce excellent plants without resorting to bottom heat, but it is a slower process, and there is a greater per- centage of cuttings which fail to root. Ad- vocates of this system claim that they secure healthier, stronger plants in the end than they would by the use of bottom heat. There is no doubt that plants propagated in a closely confined house in a high tempera- ture are apt to turnout of weak constitution, but we believe the best results follow where plants are propagated in a bed at a tempera- ture of about 70 degrees, with the tempera- ture of the house a few degrees less. How- ever, these matters concern nurserymen and florists more than amateurs, for this class does not care to put in operation anything that requires much expense. When but few cuttings are desired they can be placed in pots and will take root in four or five weeks after insertion, grown in any ordinary con- servatory or greenhouse. After the cuttings have taken root they should be potted in pots not exceeding two and a half inches in diame- ter. Certain kinds of roses take root with- out difficulty, others are so stubborn that the THE ROSE. amateur would do well not to attempt their propagation until he has proved himself an adept in rose culture. The sorts most difficult to root are the various varieties of Moss, most of the summer roses, and certain varieties of Hybrid Remontants, belonging to the Jules Margottin, Baronne Prevost, and Baroness Rothschild families. (See chapter on Typical Roses.) All of the Tea and Monthly Roses, with very few exceptions, root and grow freely from cuttings. Besides using green wood, some propaga- tors make cuttings from hard wood — that is, shoots thoroughly ripened, taken in the au- tumn. Manetti cuttings are always made from wood taken in autumn, and the various varieties of Prairie Roses are often grown in this way. In some establishments large quan- tities of cuttings are made during the sum- mer months and grown in hotbeds ; the plants produced are salable in the autumn and are largely used by florists. In selecting stock plants from which to propagate, care should be had that only those be chosen which are vigorous and healthy, otherwise a sickly or weak progeny will result. By Budding. — This is an important method, second only to propagation by cut- tings. PROPAGATION. 103 The chief disadvantages are these : first, it is more expensive. The stocks are to be purchased and cared for (they cannot often be profitably grown in our hot climate), and it will be found that the labor of budding, suckering, cutting back stocks, etc., will make the operation far more costly than growing plants from cuttings. Budded plants are not desirable for inexperienced amateurs, since novices do not detect the suckers which, not infrequently, come up from the roots and if not cut away ultimately choke the plant. A third objection is found in the fact that budded plants are more fre- quently killed by severe winters than plants on own roots. On the other hand, by budding we are en- abled to grow varieties which are so difficult to root from cuttings, that their propagation would be discontinued by all large rose- growers were it not for this method. Varie- ties like Baroness Rothschild, Mabel Morri- son, Marquise de Castellane, Madame Boll, Marguerite de St. Amande, etc., areas yet al- most indispensable, but no nurseryman would long grow them from cuttings. There is an- other class of roses often advantageously grown by budding, these are varieties of moderate growth like A. K. Williams, Horace 104 THE ROSE. Vernet, Madame Victor Verdier, Mademoi- selle Eugenie Verdier, Marie Baumann, Xavier Olibo, etc. All these kinds are in- vigorated by being worked on some strong stock, like the Manetti. A third advantage of budded roses is for use as stock plants, and also for forcing. Budded plants of many- kinds (not the Jacqueminot type) can be taken up in October or November, and with ordinary treatment will give as fine a crop of flowers as plants of the same varieties which have been grown all summer in pots at much more expense and labor. I would not advise any reader to purchase budded roses who cannot tell, by the wood, the difference between Persian Yellow and General Jacqueminot, between Marie Bau- mann and Salet — indeed amateurs who can- not do this do not deserve to have roses at all, for they would not be able to distinguish between the shoots of the Manetti suckers and their Louis Van Houtte or Victor Ver- dier (although the Manetti is most distinct from all other roses). Many kinds of stocks have been tried on which to bud roses, as the Brier, the Grif- f eraie, etc. , but for general use in this country we very greatly prefer the Manetti. The stocks are planted in nursery rows about PROPAGATION. 105 three feet between the rows, and six or eight inches apart ; in July and August the buds are inserted ; the lower the buds can be put in the better, as the liability to send up suckers is thereby greatly diminished, and opportunity is also afforded the plant of be- ing ultimately established on its own roots. Propagation by Grafting. — This is a profitable mode to pursue when done in win- ter under glass, using plants of Manetti or Brier grown in pots for the purpose. Grafting roses on the root cannot be made profitable, as such a large percentage fail to grow. Stock grafting is carried on in England and elsewhere with great success, and although the plants are not so desirable (owing to the graft being of necessity some distance above the roots) as those propagated by the other methods, it affords nurserymen an oppor- tunity of more quickly securing a stock of new sorts, and also is advantageous as an aid in producing more vigorous plants of such varieties as Niphetos, than can possibly be obtained from cuttings. Propagation by Layering was once prac- tised to considerable extent, but it is a slow method, and is now but little used. Good plants can be obtained in this way of Persian Yellow and some other varieties which do io6 THE ROSE. not strike from cuttings, and it is the only- method by which certain kinds can be pro- duced on their own roots. Besides the methods spoken of, roses are also produced from seed, but this is only done where it is purposed to secure stocks, as seedling Briers, or where it is the aim to obtain new varieties. IX. EXHIBITING ROSES. NTIL recently little attention has, in this country, been given to a careful exhibition of roses, but of late years a decided interest has been taken in the matter, and very credit- able displays are now made in Boston and New York. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has done a great deal to encourage exhibits of cut-roses, and the numerous boxes of splendid flowers to be seen at Boston every June attract admirers from all parts of the land. Much has been written and said for and against the exhibition of cut-roses in boxes. Objectors to the system claim that wrong impressions are given to the public ; amateurs see beautiful flowers of a certain variety, and are thereby led to purchase and attempt to grow plants of it, only to discover that they don't grow; the variety being of feeble constitution and requiring skilful treatment, lives but a dismal life at their 107 io8 THE ROSE. hands, and it is finally discarded as worthless ; or it may be, the sort in question proves to be a kind that gives a few good blooms in June and plenty of shoots and leaves the rest of the year, but nothing else. Wrong im- pressions are doubtless often received at these exhibits, for to gain by observation a correct impression of the general qualities of any variety it must be seen at different times, growing in the garden or nursery row in quantity. On the other hand, these exhibi- tions certainly make prominent the more beautiful roses, and as we are first attracted to a rose by the richness or delicacy of its color, and the symmetry of its form, we have placed before us for easy comparison the highest types of beauty to be found in the rose family; and although from seeing in- dividual flowers we learn nothing of the character of varieties, as respects profusion and continuity of bloom, or vigor and health- fulness of growth, we, nevertheless, can be assured that those kinds which appear fre- quently and in great perfection in different boxes are kinds which will certainly be useful ones for general cultivation. Varieties, particularly those not of recent origin, which now and then sparsely appear in great beauty, are not to be trusted on prima-facie evidence. EXHIBITING ROSES. 109 The warning, " trust her not, she's fooling thee," should be borne in mind in the exam- ination of the beauties of these erratic stars, and no one should commit himself in allegi- ance to them without some knowledge of their actual worth. The following rule of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society referring to boxes for exhibition is given for the information of those interested in the matter. All roses competing for prizes, except those for the general display, must be exhibited in boxes of the dimensions named below : Length. Breadth. Height. ?or 24 roses, 4 ft. 1 ft. 6 in. Back of box, 6 in. ; front, 4 in. " 12 roses, 2 ft. 2 in. 1 ft. 6 in. " 6 in. ; " 4 in. " 6 roses, 1 ft. 6 in. 1 ft. 6 in. " 6 in. ; " 4 in. " 3 roses, 1 ft. 1 ft. 6 in. " 6 in. ; " 4 in. One of the most important points con- nected with showing roses is the proper ar- rangement as regards size and colors of the flowers. " Cut first of all your grandest blooms, be- cause no Mede nor Persian ever made law more unalterable than this : The largest roses must be placed at the back, the smallest in the front, a?id the inter?nediate in the middle of your boxes. They become by this arrange- ment so gradually, beautifully less, that the THE ROSE. disparity of size is imperceptible. Trans- gress this rule, and the result will be dis- astrous, ludicrous, as when some huge Lon- don carriage-horse is put in harness with the paternal cob, or as when some small but am- bitious dancer runs round and round the tallest girl at the ball in the gyrations of the mazy waltz. . . . The arrangement of roses with regard to their color has not been studied as it deserves to be. The amateur with more leisure than the man of business for the study of the beautiful, and for the most effective display of his fewer flowers, ought to excel, but, as a rule, does not. His roses are very rarely made the most of in this respect, but are frequently marred and spoiled, the colors clashing and contending with each other instead of combining against their common adversary. It is told of a highly sensitive dame whose silly pride was in dress, that she went into hysterics before a large party when her great rival in milli- nery came and sat upon the ottoman beside her in a grand garment of the same color as her own, but of a much more brilliant and effective dye ; and I have seen many a rose which would weep, if it could, aromatic rose- water, subdued by alike despair. Once upon a time six pretty sisters lived at home to- EXHIBITING ROSES. gether always. In looks, in figure, in voice, gait, and apparel, they exactly resembled each other. Young gentlemen seeing them apart, fell madly in love, as young gentlemen ought to do ; but on going to the house and being introduced to the family they were bewildered by the exact similitude, didn't know which they had come to see, couldn't think of proposing at random, made blunders, apologies, retreats. It seemed as though all these charming flowers would be left to wither on the virgin thorn, when one of them was permitted to leave her home upon a visit to a distant friend. She returned in six weeks Men fiance'e, and six months after was a bride. The rest followed her example. So it is that six scarlet roses or six pink roses in close proximity perplex the spectator and depreciate each other by their monotonous identity; isolated or contrasted we admire them heartily." * Roses should be cut and placed in their proper positions for exhibition in the same boxes in which they are to be shown previous to the time appointed for exhibition. Some favored individuals who live close by the place where the show is held find it practica- ble to bring the flowers in baskets or trays, *"A Book about Roses," Chapter XIV., S. Reynolds Hole. THE ROSE. and arrange them in their proper positions in the room where they are to be displayed two or three hours before the time appointed for the judges to go their'round. When roses come from any distance they should be care- fully arranged at home, and then when the boxes arrive at destination any flowers that suffered in transit can be replaced from the supply put up for this purpose. The day be- ing cloudy and cool, roses may be cut at any time, but it is prudent to rely on the early morning hours as the best time for the pur- pose. An experience in cutting roses at sun- rise, on a fresh cool morning in June, is an experience worth living for. A careful ex- amination of one's treasures the day before the flowers are to be cut will enable one to estimate the strength on hand and decide finally as to what classes shall be contended for. All the details should be considered in advance, and the writing of cards, giving of names of varieties, providing green moss, etc., not left till the last moment. Ama- teurs who do not comprehend the manner of construction of exhibition boxes and the way the flowers are to be arranged in them, would do well to apply to the Secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, who will have sent to EXHIBITING ROSES. 113 them a box from which they can pattern, or all the boxes required will be sent ; he will also furnish the schedule of prizes offered by the society. I mention this society because its exhibits are of higher character than any others, both as regards the quality of the flowers displayed and the general arrange- ments and facilities afforded. Boston excels in the exhibit of Hybrid Remontants, while New York stands first in staging fine Teas, but at both places displays are made that should have the encouragement of all who are interested in the improvement of our rose exhibitions. 8 ROSES UNDER GLASS. BY J. N. MAY. HERE are a number of roses which do not attain perfection when grown in open air, and others that do not thrive at all except under glass. For these it is necessary to provide a rose-house, which, besides enabling us to grow satisfactorily the delicate kinds, will supply us with flowers during the winter months of any more robust sorts we choose to grow. If it is desired to grow more than one family of roses, two or more houses are desirable, so that they can be treated to suit their several requirements. Tea Roses need one treatment, Hybrid Perpetuals and nearly all hardy roses require another somewhat different. I will first give the treatment re- quisite for insuring the best results with Tea Roses, commencing with their propagation. Cuttings. — Use young, vigorous wood taken from healthy plants ; the wood is in the right condition when the flower buds are 114 ROSES UNDER GLASS. 115 well developed. Take cuttings with two or three leaf stalks, remove the lower one and make a smooth cut, if possible just beneath where the leaf stalk was removed ; with the back of the knife knock off all thorns from the wood and insert the cutting in your bed of sand ; press around the cutting firmly, and water thoroughly with tepid water. After this process the cuttings should never be al- lowed to get dry, the sand must be kept moist by frequent syringing. If the tempera- ture of the house is kept at from fifty to fifty- five degrees at night and from sixty to seventy during the day, the cuttings will be well rooted in twenty-eight or thirty days after the day they are put in. To know when they are in the right con- dition to pot off : with a thin, flat stick, care- fully pry a few out of the sand ; if they have made roots one-half inch long, they can be potted. The soil must be prepared by taking three parts good loam, one part sand, one part well-rotted cow-manure; these are to be thoroughly mixed and placed in a warm position. Use two-and-a-half-inch pots, press about the cuttings firmly ; when potted place near the glass. Do not water heavily for a few days ; until they begin to grow freely a light syringing, just enough to keep the n6 THE ROSE. plants from becoming dry, is all that is necessary. In about three weeks, the plants, if prop- erly treated, will be ready to shift into four or five-inch pots. The same care used in the first potting must be observed in this. By watering the plants an hour or so before shifting, they will leave the pot with a ball of earth, and thus but slight check or disturb- ance is given to the growth of the plants. The pots should always be rilled to the amount of one-fourth or one-fifth their depth with broken pieces of pots, or similar sub- stances, in order to secure perfect drainage. After four or five weeks' growth the plants should be ready for the second shift, when six or seven-inch pots will be needed. The same soil should be used, but with the addi- tion of one shovelful of pure ground bone to every forty shovels of soil ; this must be well mixed. In shifting plants always use clean pots. The best time to make cuttings is during the month of January ; if you cannot obtain good cuttings of your own, order young plants from some good grower, to be delivered to you some time in February or March. These plants will probably be from two-and- a-half-inch pots and will be ready for their ROSES UNDER GLASS. 117 first shift. Do not order the plants sent by- mail, for under no circumstances will plants by mail ever be as good as those sent by ex- press ; for the reason that the soil is shaken off the roots when prepared for mailing, and the roots get damaged in transit. I would rather pay double the price for every plant I wanted and have them come by express than have them mailed at one-half the price. After the sun causes the temperature of the house to rise during the day, as during mild, clear days in February, March, and April, careful attention must be paid to ventilation ; air is to be given from the ridge, never from the front, until after the first of June, or the plants will suffer from mildew, etc. The Aphis must be kept off by tobacco fumiga- tion ; never allow the plants to become in the least infested. Prevent mildew by dusting flowers of sulphur on the pipes* or flues, which should previously be moistened with water. The plants will be ready for removal from the houses to open air about the first of June. The position chosen for plunging the roses must not be one exposed to sweeping winds or strong draughts of air. The pots may be plunged in a bed of coal-ashes, or any similar THE ROSE. material, about four inches in depth. The plants should be syringed once a day to keep them healthy; if the surface of the soil be- comes green carefully remove it and fill up with fresh soil. When the pots are filled with roots we give the final shift for the sea- son, using eight, nine, or ten-inch pots ac- cording to the size and strength of the plant. If it is desired to grow the plants on benches, out of pots, this last shift is not used. For this purpose the side benches should not ex- ceed three feet six inches in width, and next the front should be twelve or fourteen inches from the glass. The benches must be so made as to hold five or six inches of soil, and the bottom boards laid one-half inch apart, so as to secure good drainage; over the cracks are placed thin sods, the grass side downward ; these prevent the soil from being washed away by watering. The first bench being nearer the glass than the others should' be used for the more delicate growing kinds, like Niphetos, etc. If the house be not pitched too high, the middle bench can be made level, like the front one, using the back portion for the taller growing sorts. The third bench, if there be one, must be raised so as to bring the plants about the same dis- tance from the glass as does the first one. ROSES UNDER GLASS. 119 The plants should be placed about sixteen or eighteen inches apart, each way, and should be in position in June or July. When well established and growing freely, give them a mulching of good rotten manure mixed with bone-dust; one shovel bone-dust to twenty of manure is a good proportion. The amount of water to be given will vary with the weather; during clear and hot days they should have a vigorous spraying, given by a syringe or from the hose, twice a day. When it is cloudy or cool they may need but a slight sprinkling once a day. The soil should never be allowed to become dry so as to show dust, or to be saturated with water ; either extreme is dangerous to the health of the plants. From the time of planting out, say the last of June, until the middle of Septem- ber, or until the nights become chilly, all the ventilators should be constantly left wide open ; when cool weather begins they must be closed at night, but air should always be given from the ridge during the day, unless the weather be adverse. It should be the endeavor to keep the temperature fifty-five degrees at night, and sixty-five to eighty de- grees during the day. If these instructions are carefully heeded, there will be an abun- dant supply of fine roses all through the sea- THE ROSE. son, from the first of October to the end of the following June, when the same process will be repeated. Although the old plants can be used for a second season, I do not advocate it; the extra expense and trouble of renewing the beds of soil and the plants every season, I have proved by experience is more than compensated for by the better and more constant supply of fine blooms. If it is decided to grow the plants in pots all the season a somewhat different treat- ment is to be followed. After the final shift the plants are again placed on the bed of ashes, where they are constantly to be watched and cared for, the dead leaves picked off and the surface of the soil occasionally stirred, care being taken not to disturb the young roots. During hot weather it is best to water in the evening, but when the nights become cool the morning is a better time. By the middle of August we slightly with- hold watering, so that the plants may obtain a hardy constitution and a partial rest of a few weeks. The greenhouses should be thoroughly cleaned, ready to receive the plants by the middle of September. After the plants are housed they should be mulched with thoroughly rotted cow-manure, fifteen parts, mixed with one part pure ground bone. ROSES UNDER GLASS. 121 As much is to be placed on each pot as will remain and not wash off. The soil is to be examined to see that it does not get too wet. In ten or fifteen days after the plants are placed in the house they will begin to show plenty of blooms, and will continue to push forth buds all the winter. By the first of December, if the plants are doing well, they should have a little weak liquid manure. Place one-half bushel of fresh cow-manure in a barrel containing fifty gallons of water; stir it thoroughly and let it stand two days before using. The plants may be allowed to become a little dry before the liquid is ap- plied ; it can be used once a week. Chicken manure is also excellent, applied in the same way, but as it is stronger, about twice the amount of water should be used. When neither of these fertilizers can be had, Peru- vian guano, two pounds to fifty gallons of water, may be substituted. A peck of soot tied in a coarse bag and allowed to stand in water for several hours, is also a useful stim- ulant. To destroy worms and keep the soil sweet a dose of lime-water may occasionally be given with excellent results. One peck of fresh lime is placed in a barrel, and enough water added to it to slake it, as a mason would do in making mortar. When the lime THE ROSE. has been slaked, add fifty gallons of water and then let it stand until clear. The mulching about the plants may be renewed during the winter, and toward spring the liquid manure can be given more frequently than at the first. At the end of the season, say the first week in June, the plants should be removed from the green- house to the plunging ground ; it is desirable now to plunge the pots up to the rim, as this keeps the plants somewhat moist, and much less water is required. The supply of water should be gradually lessened, that the growth may be checked and the plants obtain a few weeks' rest ; in doing this, care must be had that the young wood does not shrivel. After a rest of about five weeks, the plants are to be shifted into pots one or two sizes larger. By the middle of August it will be time to cut away all weak wood, reserving the young and strong shoots ; these should be tied to neat stakes. As the plants show signs of forming new growth, a little more water must be given ; they should be housed by the middle of September and treated the same way as in the previous year. Hybrid Perpetual Roses must be managed differently from the Teas. They are propa- gated and grown in the same way until the ROSES UNDER GLASS. 123 first of September, when they should be sorted, and all those having the strongest and ripest wood placed by themselves. Water is to be gradually withheld until growth stops, this will be in two or three weeks ; the pots are then to be laid on their sides, on a bed of coal-ashes ; if the weather is hot and dry cover the pots with rough grass, hay, or any light material; in this condition they can, if desired, remain several weeks, provided they are not allowed to get hard frozen. Presuming that the blooms are required for New Year's, the plants should be thoroughly ripened by the 25th of Septem- ber, and must be pruned about that time ; in doing this remove entirely all weak shoots and shorten the strong ones to within a few buds of the base, cutting back to a plump eye. Stand the pots up and water them a little at a time till the balls are soaked through; on warm days, syringe the tops frequently. Should the nights get frosty place the plants in a pit or cold frame, cover- ing with sashes. If no such place be ready the plants must be removed to the green- house; in any event they will need to go there when the eyes have well started. Be sure to give plenty of air on all mild days, 124 THE ROSE. and syringe two or three times a day, accord- ing to the heat of the sun. Do not allow the temperature to exceed forty degrees at night for the first three weeks ; after that it can be gradually increased to forty-five degrees. In early November, special care must be taken not to overwater, at the same time the plants must never be allowed to get dry from the time the plants start into growth until the blooms are cut. The temperature will be kept at forty-five degrees for the night, or a very little above that point, until the flower buds form ; so soon as the buds are well de- veloped the night temperature can be gradu- ally increased to fifty-five degrees. So soon as it is seen that the flower buds are forming, liquid manure may be given, as directed for Tea Roses. If the flowers are wanted any earlier than January the plants must be ripened corre- spondingly early. It generally takes fourteen weeks from the time of starting to bring Hy- brid Perpetual Roses into bloom. The loca- tion, soil, etc., all exert influences in this matter, and the operator must adapt himself to the circumstances of the case. Certainly there is no royal road to success in forcing roses ; it is only by hard work, patient and careful watching, night and day, that success ROSES UNDER GLASS. 125 can be obtained. When the crop of flowers is cut the plants can be treated about the same as the Teas, excepting they will not need quite so much water for a few weeks until they begin to grow freely again ; then encouragement should be given them, for the finer the growth now the better will be the produce the next season. At the begin- ning of June they can be taken out of doors and receive the same treatment as young plants. Varieties suitable for forcing are numer- ous (see Chapter XI. for list of varieties), perhaps the best dark ones for very early work are General Jacqueminot and Fisher Holmes. Varieties of Tea Roses suitable for forcing are almost innumerable, and every grower has his favorites ; among the newer sorts some of the Hybrid Teas will certainly rank among the first. For this chapter readers are indebted to Mr. J.N.May, of Summit, N. J., a practical cul- tivator, one of the most successful rosarians who grow flowers for the New York market. Roses under glass are nowhere brought to such perfection as in the neighborhood of Summit and Madison, New Jersey. In the English rose exhibitions are yet to be seen 126 THE ROSE. the finest specimens of hardy roses, but to see the most beautiful blooms of Tea Roses that the world produces we must go to New Jersey ; this chapter, from one of the adepts, will therefore be of great practical value to all who are interested in growing roses through the winter months. XL VARIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. The kinds marked with an asterisk (*) should be first chosen. |OR Pegging-down and Bedding. — For this purpose monthly roses are the best, and in selecting suit- able varieties, several necessary qualities must be considered. When we plant roses in isolated positions we often do so having regard to some special features which, by themselves, would not make the varieties of value for massing together. Thus, Marechal Niel and Niphetos are not desirable kinds, though they are the finest roses of their color. The requisites for a good bedding rose are, freedom of bloom, healthy habit of growth, and pure, steadfast color. Symmetry of form, fragrance, and fulness of flower should also be taken into consideration. 127 123 THE ROSE. We commend the following : *Agrippina, *Apolline, Edward Desfosses, *George Peabody, *Hermosa, Queen of Bour- bons, *Malmaison, Madame Caroline Kus- ter, Pumila, Bougere, Catherine Mermet, Countess Riza du Pare, General Tartas, *Gerard Desbois, *Homer, Jean Pernet, *La Princesse Vera, Madame de Vatry, *Madame Lambard, Marie Ducher, Marie Guillot, *Marie Van Houtte, *Monsieur Furtado, *Perle des Jardins, Rubens, *Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Luxem- bourg, *La France, Michael Saunders, Paquerette, Soupert-et-Notting (Moss), Co- quette des Alpes, *Eliza Boelle, Madame Auguste Perrin. The Hybrid Remontants are not quite so useful for bedding roses as those above named, since they are not continuously in bloom, but they are very beautiful massed together and are capable of producing great effects. All of these are desirable : Abel Grand, ^Alfred Colomb, Anne de Diesbach, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost, Baroness Rothschild, Boieldieu, *Countess of Serenye, Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar- gottin, Countess of Oxford, *Eugenie Ver- dier, *Fisher Holmes, *Francois Michelon, Gabriel Tournier, General Jacqueminot, VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 129 Hippolyte Jamain, *John Hopper, La Reine, La Rosiere, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Mor- rison, Madame Charles Wood, Madame V. Verdier, ^Marguerite de St. Amand, *Marie Baumann, Paul Xeyron, Pierre Xotting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier. For Forcing. — We need for this purpose varieties that will flower freely and that are of high finish ; only the most beautiful should be grown. Among Monthly Roses the most desirable are : * Agrippina, Douglass, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, Marechal Xeil, Marie Berton, Bon Silene, ^Catherine Mermet (not very free, but most beautiful), *Cornelia Cook (same attributes as Mermet), Homer, Innocente Pirola, ^Isabella Sprunt, Jean Per- net, *Madame Bravy, *Madame de Vatry, Madame Lambard, *Marie Guillot, *Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, Odorata, *Perle des Jardins, *Rubens, Sa- frano, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Luxembourg, Beauty of Stapleford, Captain Christy, Duke of Connaught, La France, Madame A. Bernaix, Mademoiselle B. Violet, Nancy Lee, Viscountess Falmouth, Soupert- et-Notting (Moss), *Eliza Boelle, Madame Xoman. Among Hybrid Remontants choose from 9 130 THE ROSE. Abel Carriere, *A. Colomb, Anne de Dies- bach, *Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefeb- vre, Countess Cecile, *Countess of Serenye, Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, ^Eugenie Verdier, *Fisher Holmes, Francois Michelon, General Jacqueminot, H. Jamain, Jean Lia- baud, *John Hopper, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morrison, La Rosiere, ^Marguerite de St. Atnande, Marie Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Notting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, V. Ver- dier. Climbing Roses for Conservatory. — Aimee Vibert Scandens, Banksia White, Banksia Yellow, *Celine Forrestier, Claire Carnot, Cloth of Gold, *Lamarque, Marechal Niel, *Solfaterre, Belle Lyonnaise, *Gloire de Dijon, Madame Berard, *Marie Berton, Reine Marie Henriette. Hardy Roses, that are free autumnal sorts. — Gloire de Dijon, *La France, Vis- countess Falmouth, Salet, Soupert-et-Not- ting. All the Hybrid Noisettes. Abel Grand, * Alfred Colomb, Antoine Verdier, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost, *Baroness Roths- child, *Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, *Coun- tess of Serenye, Etienne Levet, Eugenie Verdier, *Francois Michelon, Gabriel Tour- nier, General Washington, Hippolyte Jamain, Horace Vernet, John Hopper, Jules Margot- VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 131 tin, La Reine, Louis Van Hotitte, Mabel Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, *Mar- guerite de St. Amand, Marie Baumann, Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, Princess Charlotte, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Ver- dier. These are not all perfectly hardy ; for list of such kinds see below. Highly Scented Roses. — With but few exceptions all Moss Roses. Blanchefleur, Centifolia, Madame Hardy, *Marechal Niel, Aline Sisley, *Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, Countess Riza du Pare, *Devoniensis, Jules Finger, *Madame Bravy, Madame F. Janin, Marie Van Houtte, *Odorata, Rubens, Sou- venir d'un Ami, *Duchess of Connaught, Hon. George Bancroft, *La France, *Nancy Lee, *Viscountess Falmouth, *Soupert-et- Notting, *«Alfred Colomb, Baronne Prevost, Bessie Johnson, Fisher Holmes, General Jacqueminot, Horace Vernet, Louis Van Houtte, Mme. Chirard, *Madame Victor Ver- dier, Marie Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, Pierre Notting, Prince de Porcia, Queen of Waltham, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Xavier Olibo. The most hardy Roses. — Abel Grand, Anne de Diesbach, Baron de Bonstetten, *Baronne Prevost, Baroness Rothschild, Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, Charles Mar- 132 THE ROSE. gottin, Countess of Serenye, Edward Morren, Francois Michelon, General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, *La Reine, Mabel Morrison, Madame Boll, Madame Joly, Marchioness of Exeter, Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, Rev. J. B. M. Camm. All summer roses, with scarce any exception, are hardy, more so than any of the Hybrid Remontants. The most hardy of the Monthly Roses are Apolline, Edward Desfosses, Hermosa, Louise Odier, Aimee Vibert, Caroline Marniesse, Gloire de Dijon, Reine ' Marie Henriette, Bougere, Gerard Desbois, Homer, Madame de Vatry, Marie Ducher, Sombreuil. The most beautiful Roses, or those suited for Exhibition. — Souvenir de la Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, *Marechal Niel, Madame Berard, *Marie Berton, *Catherine Mermet, *Cornelia Cook, *Homer, *Madame Bravy, *Marie Guillot, Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, Perle des Jar- dins, *Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, *Captain Christy, *La France, Madame Alexander Bernaix, Princess Lousie Victoria, *Eliza Boelle, *Madame Noman, A. Georfroy St. Hilaire, Abel Carriere, *A. Colomb, A. K. Williams, Baron de Bonstetten, * Baroness Rothschild, *Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar- VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 133 gottin, Countess Cecile, Countess of Serenye, Edward Morren, Egeria, *Eugenie Verdier, *E. Y. Teas, Fisher Holmes, Francois Miche- lon, George Prince, Horace Vernet, *Jean Liabaud, John Hopper, Jules Margottin, La Rosiere, *Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morri- son, *Madame Victor Verdier, Marguerite de St. Amand, *Marie Baumann, *Marie Rady, Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, *Pierre Not- ting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier, *Xavier Olibo. XII. RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. ITH the immense number of vari- eties produced and sent out each year, it would be well if we had some criterion which would en- able us to select the probably meritorious sorts from the mass of kinds which are worth- less. We have, as yet, no better guide than the reputation of the raisers ; by comparing the best sorts of the different growers we can estimate with some exactness the value each grower has been to the world ; judging from what we have received in the past, we can estimate, in a measure, the value of that proffered annually by the different raisers of new roses. The best sorts of each raiser are given in the accompanying list, and are those kinds most generally grown the world over. * These raisers are dead, or have retired from business, or are not likely to be heard from again. 134 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 135 The abbreviations used describing the classes are: A. — Austrian; B. — Bourbon; Beng.— Bengal; CI. T.— Climbing Tea; D. — Damask; Hy. CI. — Hybrid Climber; Hy. N.— Hybrid Noisette; H. R.— Hybrid Re- montant; H. T. — Hybrid Tea; M. — Moss; N. — Noisette; P. — Prairie; P. M. — Perpetual Moss ; Pol. — Polyantha ; Prov. — Provence ; T.— Tea. *Baumann. France. Marie Baumann H.R. 1863 *Jean BJluze. Lyons, France. His first variety was sent out in 1840. Souvenir de la Malmaison B. 1843 Leveson Gower " 1846 Henry Bennett. England First variety issued in 1879 Beauty of Stapleford Hy Duchess of Connaught Duchess of Westminster Duke of Connaught Hon. George Bancroft Jean Sisley Michael Saunders Nancy Lee Pearl Viscountess Falmouth T. 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 136 THE ROSE. These were raised by other parties, but were purchased and sent out by Bennett. Duchess of Edinburgh H.R. 1874 Egeria " 1878 Lord Beaconsfield " 1878 Mabel Morrison " 1878 Madame Welche T. 1878 * Daniel Boll. New York. Madame Boll (sent out by Boyeau) H.R. 1S59 *Boyeau. France. Solfaterre , N. 1843 Souvenir de Mons. Boll H.R. 1866 Broughton. (Amateur. ) England. Mabel Morrison H.R. 1878 B. R. Ca?it. Colchester, England. Prince Arthur H.R. 1875 Scipion Cochet. France. Souv. de la Reine d'Angleterre. . . .H.R. 1S55 Anthony Cook. (Koch.) Baltimore, Md. Cornelia Cook T. 1855 Cranston &» Co. King's Acre, England. Climbing Jules Margottin Hy.Cl. 1375 Sir Garnet Wolseley H.R. 1875 Mrs. Jowitt " 1880 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 137 Frederick Damaizin. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1857. Mademoiselle Rachel T. i860 Madame Charles " 1864 Abel Grand H.R. 1865 Felix Genero " 1866 Madame Nachury " 1873 La Rosiere " 1874 Davis. England. Penelope Mayo H. R. 1878 * Desprez. France. Desprez N. 1838 Baronne Prevost H.R. 1842 Caroline de Sansal " 1849 Ducher and Widow. Lyons, France. First variety sent out in 1852. Gloire de Ducher H.R. 1865 Nardy Freres " 1865 Antoine Ducher " 1866 Marie Ducher T. 1868 Ducher Beng. 1869 Coquette de Lyon T. 1870 Marie Van Houtte " 1871 Perle de Lyon " 1872 Comte de Sembui " 1874 Jean Ducher " 1874 Marechal Robert " 1875 Triomphe de Milan " 1876 Madame Maurice Kuppenheim " 1877 Innocente Pirola " 1878 138 THE ROSE. Madame Welche T. 1878 Jean Lorthois " 1879 Jules Finger " 1879 Madame Louis Henry N. 1879 Mademoiselle Ce'cile Brunner Pol. 1880 * Feast. Baltimore, Md. Anna Maria P. 1843 Baltimore Belle " 1843 Queen of Prairies " 1843 * Fontaine ftere. Chatillon, France. Queen Victoria H.R. 1850 Mme. Chas. Crapelet " 1859 Marie Rady " 1865 Charles Fontaine. Chatillon, France. Louis Dore H.R. 1878 Gar$on. Rouen, France. Mme. Hippolyte Jamain H.R. 1871 Boieldieu " 1877 Gautreau. France. Camille Bernardin H. R. 1865 Mme. de St. Pulgent " 1872 J. M. Gonod. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1863. Achille Gonod H.R. 1864 Mme. Louis Donadine " 1877 Mme. Anna de Besobrasoff " 1877 Mme. Eugene Chambeyran " 1878 Mile. Julie Dymonier " 1879 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 139 Granger. General Washington H Maurice Bernardin Duke of Wellington Exposition de Brie Edward Morren 1861 1861 1864 1865 1868 * Guillot ft ere. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1842. Duchesse de Thuringe B. 1847 Canary T. 1852 Lord Raglan H.R. 1854 Senateur Vaisse " 1859 Mme. Bellenden Ker H.X. 18G6 Monsieur Xoman H.R. 18G7 Mme. Noman H.X. 1867 Countess of Oxford H.R. 1869 Eliza Boelle H.X. 1869 J. B. Guillot fils. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1858. Mme. Falcot T. 1858 Horace Vernet H.R. 1866 Mme. Margottin T. 1866 La France H.T. 1867 Eugenie Verdier H.R. 1869 Catherine Mermet T. 1869 Comtesse de Xadaillac " 1871 Abbe Bramerel H. R. 1871 Claire Carnot N. 1873 Aline Sisley T. 1874 140 THE ROSE. Marie Guillot T. 1874 Paquerette Pol. 1875 Mme. Alex Bernaix H. T. 1877 Mme. Angele Jacquier T. 1879 Pierre Guillot H. T. 1879 * Guinoiseau. France. Empereur de Maroc H.R. 1858 * Hardy. Paris, France. Mme. Hardy Dam. 1832 Bon Silene T. 1839 Triomphe de Luxembourg " * Harrison. (Amateur.) New York. Harrison's Yellow A. 1830 * Jacotot. (Amateur. ) France. Gloire de Dijon Cl.T. 1853 Hippolyte Jamain. Paris, France. Mme. Boutin H.R. 1861 Dupuy Jamain " r 868 Constantin Tretiakoff " 1877 Paul Jamain " 1^$ * Knight. England. Princess Louise Victoria H. CI. 1872 Francois Lachawne. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1844. Victor Verdier H.R. 1852 Salet P.M. 1854 Pseonia H. R. 1855 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 141 Anne de Diesbach H.R. 1858 Charles Lefebvre " 1861 Mme. A. de Rougemont H.N. 1862 Xavier Olibo H.R. 1864 Alfred Colomb 4 ' 1865 Baronne de Maynard H.N. 1865 Coquette des Alpes " 1867 Boule de Neige " 1867 Louis Van Houtte H.R. 1869 Coquette des Blanches H.N. 1871 Mme. Lacharme Hy. China 1872 Captain Christy H.T. 1873 Hippolyte Jamain H.R. 1874 Countess of Serenye " 1874 Jean Soupert " 1875 Mme. Lambard T. 1877 Catherine Soupert H.R. 1879 Julius Finger H.T. 1879 * Laffay. Bellevue, France. Mme. Laffay H.R. 1839 William Jesse " 1840 Duchess of Sutherland " 1840 La Reine " 1844 Princess Adelaide M. 1845 Coupe d'Hebe Hy. China Auguste Mie H.R. 1851 Laneii M. 1854 Capt. John Ingram " 1856 Monsieur Furtado T. 1863 * Lansezeur. France. Triomphe de Rennes N. 1857 142 THE ROSE. Thomas Laxton. Bedford, England. Annie Laxton H. R. 1869 Princess Louise " 1869 Empress of India " 1876 Emily Laxton " 1877 Marchioness of Exeter " 1877 Mrs. Laxton " 1878 Richard Laxton " 1878 Charles Darwin " 1879 Doctor Hogg " 1880 Mrs. Harry Turner " 1880 * Licomte. France. Mare'chal Vaillant H. R. 1861 Leddchaux. France. Henri Ledechaux H.R. 1868 Madame Ferdinand Janin " 1875 Leon Renault " 1878 Antoine Levet. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1866. Mademoiselle Therese Levet H. R. 1866 Belle Lyonnaise Cl.T. 1869 Madame Trifle " 1869 Paul Neyron H.R. 1869 Madame Berard CI. T. 1870 Madame Jules Margottin T. 1871 Francois Michelon H.R. 1871 Madame Francois Janin T. 1872 Perle des Jardins " 1874 Antoine Mouton H. R. 1874 RAISERS OF THE BEST HOSES. 143 Marie Berton Cl.T. 1875 Madame Etienne Levet Hy. T. 1878 Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet " 1878 Reine Marie Henriette CI. T. 1878 Madame Ducher , H.R. 1879 Francois Levet " 1880 Uvigue <§n> Son. Ivry, near Paris, France. Due de Rohan H.R. 1861 Emile Hausburgh " 1868 Devienne Lamy " 1868 Richard Wallace " 1871 Madame Louise Leveque " 1873 Avocat Duvivier " 1875 Princess Charlotte " 1877 Gaston Leveque " 1878 Madame Chedane Guinoiseau T. 1880 Ltabaud. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1852. Madame Clemence Joigneaux H.R. 1861 Jean Cherpin " 1865 Marquise de Mortemart " 1868 Baron de Bonstetten " 1871 Jean Liabaud " 1875 Mademoiselle Emma Hall " 1876 Madame de Laboulaye " 1877 Madame Gabriel Luizet " 1878 Claude Bernard " 1878 * Mar est, France. Comtesse Cecile de Chabrillant H.R. 1859 144 THE ROSE. Margottin pere. Paris, France. Louise Odier „ B. 1851 Alexandrine Bachmetieff H.R. 1852 Jules Margottin " 1853 Triomphe de 1' Exposition " 1855 Anne Alexieff " 1858 Charles Margottin " 1864 Charles Turner " 1869 Madame de Ridder " 1871 Triomphe de France H.R. 1875 Madame Jeanne Joubert B. 1877 Gloire de Bourg La Reine H.R. 1879 Margottin fits. Paris, France. Comte de Mortemart H.R. 1880 Madame Isaac Pereire B. 1880 Moreau- Robert. Angers, France. Sombreuil T. 1851 Madame Edward Ory P.M. 1854 Homer T. 1859 Rubens " 1859 Blanche Moreau M. 1880 Mottheau. France. Comtesse de Choiseuil H.R. 1878 Nabonnand. Golfe Juan, France. Duchess of Edinburgh (sent out by Veitch) Hy.Beng. 1874 Cannes La Coquette Hy.T. 1877 La Princesse Vera T. 1878 Duchesse de Vallombrosa " 1879 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 145 * Nerard. France. Giant of Battles H.R. 1846 Oger. France. Triomphe de Beaute H.R. 1853 Madame Pierre Oger B. 1878 Has sent out upward of 25 varieties, none being of first quality. Paul &* Son (George Paul) . Cheshunt, Eng. Lord Clyde H.R. 1863 Duke of Edinburgh " 1868 Climbing Victor Verdier " 1871 Cheshunt Hybrid .....H.T. 1872 S. Reynolds Hole H.R. 1872 The Shah " 1874 Duke of Connaught " 1875 Climbing Bessie Johnson " 1878 John Bright " 1878 Climbing Edward Morren " 1879 Marquis of Salisbury " 1879 DukeofTeck " 1880 Glory of Cheshunt " 1880 Wm. Paul 62* Son. Beauty of Waltham . . . Lord Macaulay Princess Beatrice Peach Blossom Queen of Waltham Star of Waltham Magna Charta 10 Waltham Cross, Eng. H.R. 1862 1863 1872 1874 1875 1875 1876 146 THE ROSE. Queen Eleanor .H.R. 1876 Rosy Morn " 1878 R. Dudley Baxter " 1879 Crown Prince " 1880 Masterpiece " 1880 James Pent I and. Baltimore, Md. Doctor Kane N. 1856 George Peabody B. 1857 J. Pernet. Lyons, France. Mademoiselle Bonnaire H.N. 1859 Jean Pernet T. 1867 Baroness Rothschild H.R. 1867 Marquise de Castellane " 1869 Mme. Caroline Kuster N. 1873 Soupert-et-Notting P.M. 1874 Souvenir de Mme. Pernet T. 1875 Charles Rovolli " 1875 Wilhelm Koelle H.R. 1878 Ferdinand Chaffolte " 1879 * Joshua Pierce. Washington, D. C. Mrs. Hovey P. 1850 Triumphant " 1850 * Portemer. Introduced his first variety about 1837. William Griffith H.R. 1850 Lady Stuart Hy.Ch. 1852 Pierre Notting. H.R. 1863 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 147 R. B. Postans. England. May Quennel H.R. 1878 Countess of Roseberry " 1879 Duchess of Bedford " 1879 * Pradel. France. Marechal Niel N. 1864 * Rambeaux. France. Marie Finger H.R. 1873 Anne Marie de Montravel Pol. 1879 * Rousselet. France. General Jacqueminot H.R. 1853 * Sansal. France. Marguerite de St. Amand H. R. 1864 Joseph Schwartz. Lyons, France. Auguste Rigotard ..H.R. 1871 Andre Dunand " 1871 Duchesse de Vallombrosa " 1875 Comtesse Riza du Pare T. 1876 Marquise Adele de Murinais H.R. 1876 A. K. Williams " 1877 Egeria " 1878 Jules Chretien " 1878 Lord Beaconsfield " 1878 ^Tadame Auguste Perrin H.N. 1878 Madame Oswald de Kerchove. ..... " 1879 Reine Maria Pia Cl.T. 1880 148 THE ROSE. Rev. James Sprunt y D.D. Kenansville, N. C. James Sprunt Beng. 1858 Isabella Sprunt T. 1865 * Touvazs. France. Due de Cazes H. R. i860 Mme. Julie Daran " 1861 Centifolia Rosea " 1863 * Trouillard. Angers, France. Eugene Appert H. R. 1859 Mrs. Standish " i860 Celine Forestier N. i860 Charles Turner. Slough, England. JohnS. Mill H.R. 1874 Royal Standard " 1874 Miss Hassard " 1875 Rev. J. B. M. Camm " 1875 Oxonian " 1875 Mrs. Baker " 1875 Dean of Windsor " 1879 Dr. Sewell " 1879 Harrison Weir " 1879 * V anas c he. France. Leopold Premier. H.R. 1863 Chas. Verdier. Paris. Duchesse de Caylus H.R. 1864 Paul Verdier Hy.Ch. 1866 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 149 Eugene Verdier. Madame Chas. Wood Prince Camille de Rohan .... Madame Victor Verdier George Prince Doctor An dry Fisher Holmes Prince de Portia Annie Wood Thomas Mills E. Y. Teas Abel Carriere Charles Baltet Madame Alphonse Lavallee . . Madame Eugene Verdier Souvenir de Victor Verdier. . . Comtesse de Ludre Paris. H R. * Victor Verdier. Paris. Introduced his first variety in 1828. Douglass Beng. Apolline Bourb. Jacques Vigneron. Orleans, France. Elizabeth Vigneron H.R. Glory of Waltham (sent out by W. Paul) Hy.Cl. * Vibert. Paris. Aimee Vibert N. Countess of Murinais M. Blanchefleur Prov. Glory of Mosses M. 1861 1861 1863 1864 1864 1865 1865 1866 1873 1874 1875 1877 1878 1878 1878 1879 1848 1848 1865 1865 1828 1843 1846 1852 150 THE ROSE, Viennot. France. Marechal Vaillant H.R. 1861 Ward. Ipswich, England. John Hopper H.R. 1862 The standing of the various rosarians, now in business, who have sent out two or more sorts of good repute, is here placed in order of merit. 1. Lacharme. Victor Verdier, Alfred Co- lomb, Coquette des Alpes, Charles Lefe- bvre, are varieties of marked individu- ality, produced by him. He has sent out fewer poor or indifferent sorts than any other large grower. He raises few Teas. 2. Guillot fils. In La France and Catherine Mermet, he has given us new types of wondrous beauty. Horace Vernet, Eugenie Verdier, and Marie Guillot, are sorts scarcely less fine. He furnishes about equal numbers of Teas and Hy- brid Remontants. 3. E. Verdier. Has sent out no Teas except Marechal Niel, but many more hardy kinds than any other grower. Most of those which have any value are crimson sorts. While he has issued far too many RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 151 indifferent kinds, and so has injured his record, we cannot but be grateful to him for the lovely dark roses he has given us, like Prince Camille, Mme. Victor Ver- dier, and Fisher Holmes. 4. A. Levet. F. Michelon and Perle des Jardins are his greatest gains. He is profuse in his production of climbing Teas of the Dijon type. 5. Ducher. Strong in Teas. 6. Paul & Son (George Paul). Has given us some dark kinds of wondrous beauty, but they do not thrive in our extreme climate. Perhaps some of his newer ones will be better adapted to our re- quirements. We miss very much in not being able to grow well S. Reynolds Hole, etc. 7. Schwartz. A. K. Williams and Egeria are among the most beautiful roses, but lack a good constitution. Mesdames Auguste Perrin and Oswald de Kerchove are new types, valuable additions to the Hybrid Noisette family. 8. Wm. Paul & Son. Although this firm have sent out no roses of sensational beauty, they have given some that have been useful in their day. 9. Laxton. Those of his raising and Charles 152 THE ROSE. Turner's are, so far, the most useful English roses for our climate. 10. Pernet. Baroness Rothschild and Sou- pert-et-Notting are his distinctive sorts. ii. Turner. A raiser with an active con- science. Would there were more ! 12. Margottin. His roses have at least been distinct. 13. Liabaud. In the contest for supremacy has brought out some dark horses that have some years won the race. 14. Bennett. 15. Moreau-Robert. 16. Damaizin. 17. Leveque. 18. Granger. 19. Cranston & Co. 20. Postans. 21. Gonod. 22. Sprunt. 23. Nabonnand. This gentleman has sent out some seventy varieties, mostly Teas, but for some reason (is it lack of merit?) they have not taken well with the public. 24. Gargon. 25. Jamain. 26. Rambaux. 27. Gautreau. 28. Ledechaux. RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 153 29. Charles Verdier. 30. Vigneron. 31. Margottin fils. 32. Oger. Last and least, is one of the oldest raisers who has sent out a large mimber of sorts, but the rose public, perhaps be- ing prejudiced, have never seen merit in anything he has produced. Lest this list of raisers may seem to have been too arbitrarily arranged, we subjoin a list gauged according to the number and standing of the varieties which represent them (the raisers), as given in the election of exhibition roses, held in England last sum- mer. The result of this election was pub- lished in the Journal of Horticulture, October 6th, 1 88 1, the best twelve varieties standing in the following order of merit : Marie Bau- mann, Alfred Colomb, Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane, Duke of Edinburgh, Louis Van Houtte, Marechal Niel, Marie Rady, La France, A. K. Williams, Etienne Levet. The names of eighty-eight varieties are noted, and the total number of votes giving the several varieties of each raiser determine the relative standing of the raisers. The names of those rosarians now living, as gauged by this elec- tion, rank in the following order : 154 THE ROSE. 1. E. Verdier 12 sorts 2. Lacharme 11 " 3. Guillot fils 5 " 4. Levet 4 " 5. Paul & Son. ... 4 " 6. Pernet 2 " 7. Schwartz 3 " 8. W. Paul & Son. 4 " 9. Granger 3 " 10. Baumann 1 " 11. Jamain 2 " 12. Liabaud 2 " 13. Leveque 3 " 14. Turner 3 " 15. Laxton 3 " 16. Ducher 17. Gautreau 18. Ward 19. Cranston 20. Rambaux 21. Postans 22. Damaizin 23. Garcon 24. Davis 25. C. Fontaine . . 423 votes. 409 " 204 " 146 " 140 " 132 " 112 " 101 " 68 " 67 " 64 " 63 " 57 " 43 " 40 " 36 " 34 " 34 " 28 " 26 " 22 " 20 " 15 " 11 " 10 " It is to be noted that Tea Roses, in the election, play an unimportant part, as in England they are mostly grown under glass, RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 155 and for exhibition purposes are only to be had in small quantities. Some voters did not consider the Teas at all, confining their votes to hardy varieties, doing this on account of the radical differences which exist between the two classes. This has an important bear- ing in estimating the comparative standing of the various growers ; thus, Ducher's/ina.) Beng. Crested Moss, free, (Crz'stata, or Crested Provence.) M. Crimson Bedder, dwf. H.R. Crimson Moss, free. M. - Crimson Perpetual. * Crimson Queen, vig. H.R. Crown Prince. H. R. *Danmark,vig. H.R. David Pradel, mod. T. Dean of Windsor, mod. H.R. De la Grifferaie, vig. Mult. Delille, mod. P.M. De Luxembourg, mod. or free. M. De Meaux. dwf. (Pompon.) M. Desprez, vig. N. Deuil de Paul Fon- taine, vig. M. Devienne Lamy, mod. H.R. Laffay. Deep pink, medium or large size, cup-form ; seven leaflets. A fine, distinct sort. Plantier, 1834. Rich, velvety crimson, double ; fine in the bud. A good bed- ding variety. Discovered on the wall of a convent near Fribourg, and sent out by Vibert, 1827. Deep, pink-colored buds, surrounded with a mossy fringe and crest ; free from mildew. A fragrant, very beauti- ful rose. Cranston, 1874. Belongs to Giant 0/ Battles type. Crimson. Lee. Crimson, semi-double ; poor. See Rose du Roi. W. Paul & Son, 1890. Very large, full ; of beautiful globular form ; velvety crimson, shaded with fiery red in the centre and with maroon on the outer petals. W. Paul & Son, 1880. Reddish-crimson, tinged with purple. W. Paul & Son, 1890. " Flowers large, a little deeper in color than La France , which it resembles." Pradel, 1851. Lilac-rose, large size. Turner, 1879. Vermilion, large, full flowers. 1846. Lilac-rose. This variety makes a valuable stock on which to bud strong- growing kinds. Robert, 1852. Red, tinged with lilac, flat form, fragrant, not mossy. Of no value. Hardy. Crimson, not attractive. Found growing in a garden at Taunton, about 1825. Pink color, small, full flowers. Desprez, 1838. Rose, blended with cop- pery-yellow, highly scented. Fontaine, 1873. Red, shaded crimson, large, full ; not mossy ; worthless. Leveque, 1868. Carmine-red, well formed ; a good sort. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 251 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 275 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. Devoniensis, or free. T. Diana. H.R. D i n g e e - Conard, mod. H.R. *Dinsmore, vig. H.R. Dr. Andry, free. H. R. Doctor Arnal, dwf. H.R. Doctor Berthet. T. Doctor Chalus, free. H.R. Doctor Henon, dwf. H.R. Doctor Hogg, free. H.R. Doctor Hooker,free, H.R. vig. Doctor Kane, or free. N. Doctor Marx, mod. H.R. * Dr. Pasteur, vig. H.T. 289. Doctor Sewell, R. H. Foster, 1841. (Sent out by Lucombe, Pince & Co.) Raised from Yellow Tea. Creamy-white, centre sometimes tinged with blush, very large, almost full ; one of the most delightfully scented. Either this or the climbing variety should be in every collection ; though neither is very productive. W. Paul, 1874. Deep pink. E. Verdier, 1875. Violet - crimson, il- lumined with red, medium size, com- pact. Peter Henderson, 1887. Scarlet -crim- son, large, double, very fragrant, free bloomer. E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy -crimson, large, semi-cupped flowers, double, sometimes full, fades badly ; foliage large and glossy ; wood moderately smooth ; thorns large and red. A better rose in England than in this country. Roeser, 1848. Red-shaded with crimson ; medium or small size ; a free bloomer, subject to mildew. Pernet, 1878. Pale rose, deeper in centre. Touvais, 1871. Vermilion, shaded with crimson ; large, double or full, fragrant ; a good seed-bearer. Lille, 1855. White, centre shaded, me- dium size, full ; often malformed, and subject to mildew. Belongs to the old Portland group. Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by George Paul.) Deep violet-red, medium size. G. Paul, 1876. Raised from Duke 0/ Edinburgh. Crimson, with a shade of velvety purple. Pentland, 1856. Sulphur- yellow, large, fine flowers ; difficult to grow well. Laffay, 1842. Red, tinged with violet ; a bad shade. Moreau-Robert, 1887. Rosy -carmine, a fine clear shade; flowers globular, finely formed; free flowering; dark, rich foli- age. Turner, 1879. Bright crimson, tinged with purple, large, full. A good rose. 252 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 290, 291, 295- 296. 297. 298. 299, 300, 301. 302, 303 304 305 306 307 308 Double Margined Hep, free. Dam. . Douglass, free. Beng. , Duarte d'Oliveira, vig. N. . Due d'Aumale, free. (General Due a" Aumale.) H.R. , Due de Cazes, free. H.R. , Due de Magenta, free. T. , Due de Montpen- sier, free. H.R. . Due de Rohan, free. H.R. . Ducher, free. Beng. . Duchesse de Cam- baceres, vig. H.R. Duchesse de Cay- lus, mod. H.R. Duchesse de Char- tres. H.R. Duchesse d'lstrie. mod. M. Duchesse de Morny vig. H.Ch. Duchesse d'Orleans free. H.R. Duchesse de Thu- ringe, free. B. Duchesse de Val- lombrosa, mod. H, R. Duchesse de Val- lombrosa. T. * Duchess of Al- bany, vig. H. T. White, tinged with pink, flat form, full ; good. V. Verdier, 1848. Crimson, medium size, double, fine in the bud. A valuable variety for house culture. Brassac, 1880. Raised from Ophirie X Reve d' Or. Salmon-rose, coppery at base, medium size, full. E. Verdier, 1875. Crimson; a good sort, not unlike Maurice Bernardin. Touvais, i860. Violet - crimson, not a pure shade ; double ; numerous stout thorns. Margottin, 1859. Flesh,shaded with fawn, thick petals, full. A large, good tea. Leveque, 1876. Red, shaded with crim- son ; a good sort. Leveque, 1861. Vermilion, large, well formed. Ducher, 1869. Pure white, well formed. Fontaine, 1854. Lilac-rose, impure color ; double. C. Verdier, 1864. Rosy -crimson, large, double. E. Verdier, 1875. Bright rose. Portemer, 1857. Rose color, not valuable. E. Verdier, 1863. Bright rose ; erect growth ; mildew. Quetier, 1852. Blush, large, full; often opens badly, and is subject to mildew. Guillot pere, 1847. White, slightly tinged with lilac ; a free bloomer. Schwartz, 1875. Raised from Jules Margottin. Pink, generally opens badly ; not valuable. Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red, distinct. W. Paul & Son, 1888. A sport from the well-known and popular La France, While it resembles its parent in several respects, it is quite distinct in color, be- ing of a rich, deep, even pink tint, and the shape is more finished; it is equally vigorous, free blooming and fragrant. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 253 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 309. Duchess of Con. naught, dwf. H. T. %xo. Duchess of Bedford mod. H.R. 311. Duchess of Edin burgh, mod. H.R. 312. Duchess of Edin- burgh, mod. Beng. ■xi-i. Duchess of Norfolk, free. H.R. 314. Duchess of Suther- land, vig. H.R. 315. Duchess of West- minster, mod. or dwf. H.T. qi6. Duke of Albany. 317. Duke of Con- naught, mod. H.R. 318. DukeofConnaught, dwf. or mod. H.T, Bennett, 1879. Raised from Pre ffi-$\ X Duchesse de Vallombrosa (hL.K.,) Silvery-rose; of large, globular form ; full highly scented. Resembles La France, but the flowers are more circu- lar, the foliage larger and better. It retains its globular form, the petals re- curving to a less extent ; but La France is, notwithstanding, much the better sort. ,„ . ... R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out by W. Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Cherry-red ; very good. Dunand, 1874. (Given by the raiser to Schwartz, by him sold to Henry Ben- nett, who sent it out.) Belongs to Jules Margottin type. Pink, not valuable Nabonnand, 1874. (Sent out by Veitch.) Raised from Souvenir de Davtd cTA ngers. A Bengal with Tea blood. Crimson, turning lighter as the bud ex- pands; of good size, moderately lull Margottin, 1861. (Sent out by Wood.) Rosy-red, medium size, cup-shaped ; a shy bloomer, and not valuable Laffay, 1840. Rosy-pink, large, full; shy in autumn. . Bennett, 1879. Raised from President X Marquise de Castellane. Satiny- pink, shaded with rose, sometimes the color is carmine-rose ; large, full flowers, with a faint Tea odor. The flowers are apt to be irregular and not of good finish, the buds are generally good. Subject to mildew. W. Paul & Son, 1882. Crimson. G. Paul, 1875. Deep, velvety-crimson, with a fiery flush; medium size, lull, well formed; burns badly, very shy in autumn. In England this is one of the finest dark roses ; we have seen it in grand form at the raiser's, but it has no value for out-door culture in this coun- Be'nnett, 1879. Raised from President X Louis Van Houtte. Rosy-cnmson, 254 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 319. Duke of Edinburgh, vig. H.R. 320. Duke of Teck, vig. H.R. 321. Duke of Wellington, mod. H.R. 322. Dumnacus, mod, H.R. 323. Dupe tit Thouars, vig. B. 324. Dupuy Jamain,free. H.R. . Du Roi. 325. Earl of Beacons- field, dwf. H.R. 326. * Earl of Dufferin, vig. H.R. 327. * Eclair, vig. H.R. 328. Eclatante, free. M. large, full, well formed, good in bud, almost without fragrance ; the buds do not always open. A fine rose when well grown, but it will never be useful for ordinary cultivators. G. Paul, 1868. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large, double flowers, little fragrance ; foliage large and attractive. Occasionally this is very fine early in the season, but the flowers lack substance and durability of color. It is more shy in the autumn than the parent ; not to be commended for general culture. G. Paul, 1880. Raised from Duke of Edinburgh. Very bright crimson ; not well tested in this country; we were much pleased with it as seen at Ches- hunt. Granger, 1864. Red, shaded with crim- son. Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Coun- tess 0/ Oxford. Carmine-red. Portemer, 1844. Raised from Emile Courtier. Deep red, shaded with crim- son ; hardy, non-autumnal. Jamain, 1868. Cherry-red, with a shade of crimson ; large, double, well formed, fragrant; a good seed -bearer. Were this more full, it would be a rose of the first rank. See Rose du Roi. Christy, 1880. (Sent out by G. Paul.) Cherry- rose, medium size, beautiful form. A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Rich brilliant velvety-crimson, shaded with dark ma- roon; large, full, finely formed; delight- ful fragrance. A vigorous grower. Lacharme, 1883. Fiery red, large, hand- some, in the way of Charles Lefebvre.- Cherry -rose, buds of good form, well mossed ; darker than the Common or Prolific, one of the best. Why this rose has passed out of cultivation we do not know ; there are but three in the class as good. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 255 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 329. * Edith Gifford, vig. T. 330. Edmund Wood, mod. H.R. 331. Edward Andre, free. H.R. 332. Edward Desfosses, free. B. 333. Edward Dufour, free. H.R. 334. Edward Jesse, free. H.R. 335. Edward Morren, vig. H.R. 336. Edward Pynaert, free. H.R. 337. Egeria, dwf . or mod. H.R. 338. Elie Morel, mod H.R. 339. Elise Flory, mod Beng. 340. * Elise Fugier, vig T. 341. Elise Sauvage, dwf. (V enfant trouve.) T. 342. Elise Boelle, mod or dwf. H.N. Guillot fils, 1882. Large and full, flesh color ; centre salmon-rose changing to white. E. Verdier, 1875. Red, flowering in corymbs ; short, reddish wood. E. Verdier, 1879. Red, tinged with pur- ple. Renard-Courtier, 1840. Carmine - rose, medium size, double, or nearly full, fragrant. An excellent rose. Leveque, 1877. Raised from Annie Wood. Crimson, tinged with purple. Deep rose, small, double. Granger, 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.) Raised from Jules Margottin. Deep cherry -rose, large, flat flowers, very full ; sometimes comes with a green centre. A fine sort when well grown. Schwartz, 1877. Raised from Antoine Ducker. Red, shaded with crimson- purple, a bad color ; medium or small size, fragrant. Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) Raised from Jules Margottin. Salmon- pink, a very lovely shade ; medium size, full, semi-globular ; not of good consti- tution. For experienced cultivators this is a superb sort. Boucharlat, 1867. (Sent out by Liabaud.) Lilac-rose, full, fragrant ; green wood, with occasional red spines ; the char- acter of its growth is not pleasing. Shy in autumn. Guillot pere, 1852. Shaded rose. Bonnaire, 1890. Seedling of Niphetos, described as resembling it in form of bud, but of better habit ; color rich creamy-white. Miellez, 1818. Orange - yellow, medium size, full. Guillot pere, 1869. White, delicately tinged with pink, medium size, full, beautiful circular form ; light green wood, armed with numerous small spines. A lovely rose. 256 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 343. Elizabeth Vigneron, free. H.R. 344. Emile Courtier, free. B. 345. Emilia P 1 a n t i e r . free. H.N. 346. Emilie Hausburgh free. H.Ch. 347. Emily Laxton. R. H 348. Empereur de Ma roc, mod. H.R. 349. Empereur de Bresil H.R. 350. Empress of India free. H.R. 35i 354 * Ernest Metz, vig. T. Ernest Prince. H. R. Etienne Dupuy,vig. H.Ch. Etienne Levet,mod. H.R. 355. Etna, mod. M. 356. Etoile de Lyon. T. 357. * Etoile d'Or, dwf. Pol. Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Raised from Duchess of Sutherland. Bright pink, fragrant ; an inferior Miss Has sard. Portemer. Bright red, a good seed- bearer. Schwartz, 1878. Yellowish -white, semi- double, sometimes double, ill formed ; utterly worthless. Leveque, 1868. Lilac-rose, a muddy shade ; large, full, globular form, fra- grant. Its bad color destroys its use- fulness. Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.) Belongs to Jules Margottin type. Cherry-rose, good in the bud. Guinoiseau, 1858. (Sent out by E. Ver- dier.) Belongs to Giant of Battles type. Crimson, tinged with purple. Soupert et Notting, 1880. Magenta-red. Laxton, 1876. (Sent out by G. Paul.) Raised from Triomphe des Beaux A rts. Brownish - crimson, medium size, globular, fragrant ; dark green foliage, spines light colored. Many of the buds do not open well, and it is shy in the autumn ; a splendid sort when perfect. Guillot, 1888. Large, full, finely formed; soft carmine-rose; bud long, handsome. Ducher & Soeur, 1881. Raised from An- toine Ducher. Red, shaded in centre. Leyet, 1873. Light rose color, medium size, cupped shape ; thick shoots, nearly smooth ; tough foliage. Levet, 1871. Raised from Victor Ver- dier. Carmine-red ; one of the finest in the type. Laffay, 1845. Crimson, tinged with pur- ple. Not of first rank. Guillot, 1881. Deep yellow ; a rival for Perle des Jar dins. Dubreuil, 1889. Flowers medium size, citron -yellow in color in the centre, shading to pale chrome -yellow, very free flowering and pretty. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 257 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 358. Eugene Appert, dwf. or mod. H.R. 359. Eugene Beauhar nais, mod. Beng. 360. Eugenie Guinoi seau, mod. M. 361. Eugene Pirolle, vig. (A dmiral Rigney.) N. 362. Eugenie Verdier, dwf. H.R. 363. Eveque de Nimes mod. H.R. 364. Exposition de Brie. H.R. 365. * E. Y. Teas, mod. or dwf. H.R. 366. Fabvier. Beng. 367. Fe'licien David. H. R. 368. Felicite Perpetuelle, vig. Ev. 369. Felix Genero. H.R. 370. Fellemberg, vig. N. 371. Fer din and Chaf- folte. H.R. 372. Ferdinand de Les- seps, free. H.R. 373. Firebrand, dwf. H. R. 374. Fisher Holmes, free. H.R. 375. Flag of the Union, T. 17 Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of Battles type. Velvety-maroon, shaded with deep crimson. A rope of superb color, but with all the family failings. Moreau, 1865. Crimson, a good sort, but inferior to Agrippina. Guinoiseau, 1865. Red, shaded with vio- let ; very subject to mildew ; poor. Red, tinged with crimson; nearly hardy ; not of high quality. Guillot fils, 1869. Raised from Victor Verdier. Silvery -pink, tinged with fawn ; a lovely shade ; fine in the bud. One of the best of the type. Damaizin, 1856. Raised from Giant of Battles. Crimson, illumined with fiery red ; very tender and delicate. Granger, 1865. The same as Maurice Bernardin. E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine-crimson, high- ly scented. Laffay. Rosy-crimson, semi-double. E. Verdier, 1872. Deep rose, tinged with purple. Jacques, 1828. Creamy-white, small, full. Must be sparingly pruned. Damaizin, 1866. Violet-rose. Rosy-crimson. Like Eugene Pirolle. Pernet, 1879. Reddish- crimson, round formed, without fragrance ; does not seem an addition of merit. E. Verdier, 1869. See Maurice Bernar- din. Labruyere, 1873. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Crimson, medium size, double, good, circular form, cup-shaped, fragrant; shy in autumn. Not unlike Andre Leroy. E. Verdier, 1865. May be briefly de- scribed as an improved General Jac- queminot ; the flowers are fuller and more freely produced. A very valua- ble sort. Described b y Hallock & Thorpe as " a sport from Bon Silene, being a fac- simile of the parent in habit of growth 258 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 376. 377. 378. 379- 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 3S7. 388. 389- 39°- 39 1 - Flavescens, mod (Yellow Tea.) T. Flora Nabonnand, mod. T. Fontenelle, mod. M. Fontenelle. H.R. Fortunei, vig. Bk. Fortune's Double Yellow, vig. Bk. * Francisca Kruger, vig. T. F r a n 9 o i s Arago, mod. H.R. Francois C o u r t i n, free. H.R. Frangois Fontaine, mod. H.R. Francois Gaulain. H.R. Francois Herincq. H.R. Francois Lacharme, free. H.R. Francois Louvat. H.R. Francois Levet. H. R. Francois Michelon, free. H.R. and freedom of bloom ; the flowers are equal in size to Bon Silene. The markings are not quite so distinct as in American Banner, i.e., the predomi- nant color is rose instead of white, but each flower is regularly marked ; it is a very pleasing variety." Introduced from China about 1824. Light yellow, long, fine buds, fragrant. This has been the parent of many of our finest yellow Teas. Nabonnand, 1877. Canary-yellow, edged with rose. Vibert, 1849. Rose color, not mossy ; poor. Moreau-Robert. 1877. Carmine-red. Introduced by Fortune, from China, in 1850. Blush-white. Introduced by Fortune, from China, in 1845. Bronzed yellow. Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery - yellow ; shaded with peach, large and full. Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of Battles type. Velvety -maroon, illu- mined with fiery red. Resembles Lord Raglan. E. Verdier, 1873. Cherry -red, shaded with crimson, semi-giobular, full, some- what fragrant ; thorns yellowish-red. C. Fontaine, 1867. Rosy -crimson, fine, globular form, in the style of Senatcur Vaisse. Schwartz, 1878. Deep purplish-crimson. E. Verdier, 1878. Red, globular form. V. Verdier, 1861. Rosy-carmine, tinged with deep violet-red. Violet-red, globular form. A. Levet, 1880. Cherry-rose, medium size; style of Paul Verdier. Levet, 1871. Raised from L a Reine. Deep rose, tinged with lilac, very large, full, of fine globular form ; fragrant, free-blooming. The wood and foliage are light green, erect habit, thorns not CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 259 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 392. Francois Premier, mod. H.R. 393. Francois Treyve. H.R. 394. Gabriel Tournier, free. H.R. 395. Gaston LeVeque, free or mod. H.R. 396. Gem of the Prairies, free. P. General Due d'Au- male. 397. General Jacquemi- not, vig. H.Ch. 398. General Jacquemi- not, vig. H.R. 399. * General Mertchan sky, vig. T. 400. General Simpson free. H.R. 401. General Tartas,free T. 402. General Von Molt- ke, mod. H.R. 403. General Washing- ton, mod. H.R. 404. Genie de Chateau- briand, free or mod H.R. numerous, wood long-jointed, the foli- age somewhat crimpled. A very dis- tinct choice sort ; excelling in June and July, when other kinds are past their prime, and also in the autumn. Trouillard, 1858. Red, shaded with crim- son. Liabaud, 1866. Fiery red, globular form. Levet, 1876. In habit like Pceonia. Rosy -red, large, globular flowers, free in autumn. Ldveque, 1878. _ Bright rosy -crimson, large, full ; spines of yellowish-green ; C. Margottin style. A. Burgess, 1865. Believed to be from Queen of the Prairies X Madame Laffay. Rosy-red. Occasionally blotched with white ; large, flat flowers, slightly fragrant. See Due d'Aumale. Laffay, Purple -crimson. Rouselet, 1853. A probable seedling from the old Hybrid China Gloire des Roso- manes. Brilliant crimson, not full, but large and extremely effective ; fra- grant, and of excellent, hardy habit. Nabonnand, 1890. Large, good form ; rosy blush ; fragrant and pretty. Ducher, 1855. Cherry-rose, medium size, pretty form ; erect growth, tender. Bernede. Deep, mottled rose, sometimes tinged with buff ; beautiful buds, good habit. An excellent rose. Bell & Son, 1873. Raised from Charles Lefebvre. Same style as the parent, but much inferior to it. Granger, 1861. Raised from Triomfihe de V Exposition. Red, shaded with crimson, large, very full, flat form ; the flowers are often malformed, greatly lessening its value. A profuse bloomer, and when in perfection, a very fine sort. Oudin. Violet-rose, very large, full, flat, or quartered shape. A bad-colored rose. 260 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 405. George Baker. H. R. 406. George Moreau, vig. H.R. 407. George Peabody, mod. B. 408. * George Pernet, free. Pol. 409. George Prince, free or vig. H.R. 410. George the Fourth, vig. H.Ch. 411. George Vibert, free. Prov. 412. Gerard Desbois, vig. T. 413. Giant of Battles, dwf. (Ge'ant des Battailles.) H.R. 414. Gigantesque, free, T. 415. * Gloire Lyonnaise vig. H.R. 416. Gloire de Bordeaux vig.. Cl.T. 417. Gloire de Bourg-la Reine, mod. H.R. 418. Gloire de Dijon, vig Cl.T. G. Paul, 1881. "Pure lake, shaded with cerise, almost mildew proof ; in the way of Dupny Jamain, but distinct." Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised tromPaul Neyron. Bright red, shaded with vermilion, very large, full, opening well. J. Pentland, 1857. Probably from Paul Joseph. Rosy-crimson, medium or small size, full, well formed, fragrant. One of the best Bourbons, highly commended. Jos. Pernet, 1887. Flowers medium ; silvery -yellow, changing to peach ; an abundant bloomer. E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy- crimson, quite smooth wood ; a free blooming, excel- lent rose. Rivers. Crimson, semi-double or double ; no longer of any value. Robert, 1853. Rosy-purple, striped with white, medium size. Bright red, of good form ; one of the har- diest and most useful in the class. Nerard, 1846. (Sent out by Guillot pere.) Deep, fiery crimson, very brilliant and rich when first opening, but quickly fades, medium or small size, full, well formed, handsome, Bourbon-like foli- age, very liable to mildew. This va- riety and all of its type are of delicate constitutions. Odier, 1845. Deep rose, sometimes mot- tled ; often fine but apt to come mal- formed or somewhat coarse. Guillot fils, 1885. White, tinted yellow ; large, moderately full ; resembles a Tea rose in form and fragrance. Lartoy, 1861. Raised from Gloire de Di- jon. Rose color, tinged with fawn. Margottin, 1879. Vivid red, double. Jacotot, 1853. 1° color a combination of rose, salmon and yellow ; flowers very large, very full, good globular form ; the outer petals inclined to fade. A very useful rose, probably the hardiest of the Teas. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 261 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 419. Gloire de Ducher, vig. H.R. Gloire de Paris. H, R. 420. * Gloire de Margot- tin, vig. H.R. 421. * Gloire des Cuivres vig. T. 422. * Gloire des Polyan tha, dwf. Pol. 423. Gloire des Roso- manes, free. B. 424. Gloire de Santenay, free or mod. H.R. 425. Gloire de Vitry, free. H.R. 426. Glory of Cheshunt, vig. H.R. 427. Glory of Mosses, mod. M. 428. Glory of Waltham. H.Cl. 429. * Gold of Ophir. 430. * Golden Gate, vig. T. 431. Goubault, free or mod. T. 432. * Grace Darling, vig. T. 433. Gracilis, free. {Pro- lific.) M. 434. Great Western, free. H.Ch. Ducher, 1865. Crimson-purple, large,very full, subject to mildew. If the color were permanent, this would be a good kind. A deceit, Sent out as a new sort ; it is but A nne de Diesbach. Margottin, 1887. Brilliant scarlet ; large, semi-double, globular, of good shape, elongated bud ; fragrant ; vigorous and free flowering. Probably the brightest rose yet raised. Tesnier, 1889. Large, full, salmon-rose, tinted with canary gold ; fragrant and a free bloomer. Guillot, 1887. Bright rose with white cen- tre ; full, nicely formed. Abundant bloomer. Vibert. Brilliant crimson, semi-double. Ducher, 1859. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Crimson tinged with violet ; out of date. Masson, 1855. Raised from La Reine. Bright rose. G. Paul, 1880. Raised from Charles Le- febvre. Rich crimson, double, very effective. Vibert, 1852. Pale rose, very large, full, flat form ; not attractive in the bud ; the foliage is very large. Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Crimson, double, fragrant. See Ophirie. Dingee & Conard Co., 1891. Large, double ; bud long and pointed ; creamy- white, base of petals golden - yellow ; free bloomer. Goubault, 1843. Rose, tinged with sal- mon ; resembles Bon Silene, but in- ferior to it. Bennett, 1884. Large and full, creamy- white, tinted with peach ; free flower- ing ; distinct. Deep pink buds, surrounded with delicate fringe like moss. The most beautiful of all the moss roses. Laffay. Red, shaded with crimson, double, fragrant ; poor. 262 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 435. Greville, vig. (Sev- en Sisters.) Mult. 436. Guillaume Gille- mont. H.R. 437. * Gustave Piganeau, vig. H.R. 438. Gustave Thierry. H.R. 439. Harrison Weir, free or mod. H.R. 440. Harrison's Yellow, free. A . 441. Helen Paul. H.R. 442. Helvetia. T. 443. * Heinrich Schul theis, vig. H.R. 444. Henri Lecoq, dwf. T. 445. Henri Ledechaux, dwf. H.R. 446. Henri Martin. M. 447. Henry Bennett, mod. H.R. 448. Hermosa, mod. (A r- mosa or Setina.) B. 449. Hippolyte Jamain, mod. H.R. Blush, tinged and striped with various shades, small or medium size ; a tender variety of no value. Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Madame Charles Wood. Rosy-carmine. Pernet fils, 1890. Very large, equalling Paul Neyron in size ; full and cupped ; brilliant carmine- lake ; buds long. Oger, 1880. Cherry-red. Turner, 1879. Raised from Charles Le- febvre X Xavier Olibo. Velvety-crim- son, brightened with scarlet. Harrison, 1830. Golden-yellow, medium size, semi-double ; generally has nine leaflets, a freer bloomer than Persian Yellow. This is believed to be a hy- brid between the common Austrian and a Scotch rose. Lacharme, 1881. Raised from Victor Verdier X Sombreuil. White, some- times shaded with pink ; large, globu- lar flowers. Ducher, 1873. Pink, tinged with fawn. Bennett, 1882. From Mabel Morrison and E. Y. Teas. Large ; good form, and very full ; color pinkish-rose, sweet- scented ; free blooming. Ducher, 1871. Rosy-flesh, small, beauti- ful buds ; delicate habit. Ledechaux, 1868. Belongs to Victor Verdier type. Carmine-rose. Portemer, 1862. Red, not valuable. Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles Lefebvre. Crimson, medium size, mildews, and burns badly ; shy in au- tumn, and of no value. Marcheseau, 1840. Bright rose, medium or small size, double ; constantly in flower, bushy habit. Lacharme, 1874. Belongs to Victor Ver- dier type. Carmine-red, well built flowers ; the foliage when young has a deeper shade of red than is seen in any other sort, and is also the hand- somest. We find this the hardiest of the type. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 263 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 450. Homer, vig. T. 451. Hon. George Ban- croft, dwf. or mod, H.T. 452. Horace Vernet, dwf, or mod. H.R. 453. Hortensia, free. T. 454. * Hugh, mod. T. 455. Hymenee, mod. T. 456. Ida, mod. T. 457. Imperatrice E u g e- nie, free. Beng. 458. Innocente Pirola mod. T. 459. Isabella (Bella) mod. or free. T. 460. Isabella Gray, free N. 461. Isabella Sprunt free. T. Moreau-Robert, 1859. Salmon-rose, often richly mottled ; a free bloomer, moder- ately hardy, best in the open air ; the buds are very beautiful, even though of variable shades. Certainly one of the most useful tea roses. Bennett, 1879. From Madame de St. Joseph X Lord Macaulay, Red, shaded with violet-crimson, large, full flowers, and good, pointed buds ; often comes malformed ; highly scented, a combination of the perfumes found in the parent varieties ; the wood is nearly smooth, the foliage is large, dark, and handsome. The color is not deep enough, and is too sullied to make this of value for winter-forcing. Guillot fils, 1866. Crimson, illumined with scarlet, large, double ; of beauti- ful wavy outline ; nearly smooth wood, of delicate constitution. Few roses have such lovely form as this. Ducher. 1871. Rose color, back of petals a washed-out pink ; a coarse, poor sort. Moore, 1892. See Bridesmaid. Laffay. Pale sulphur-yellow, large, full. Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow, double. Beluze, 1855. Silvery-rose, medium size, full, fragrant; a good variety, and would be very useful had we not La France. Subject to mildew: shows Bourbon character. Madame Ducher, 1878. Clouded white, medium size, full, well-formed buds. In the style of Niphetos, but is inferior to it in all respects save mere vigor of growth. Cels, 1838. Creamy-white ; once a popu- lar sort. Andrew Gray, 1854. Raised from Cloth of Gold. Golden-yellow ; has the good and bad qualities of the parent. Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D., 1865. (Sent out by Isaac Buchanan.) A sport from Safrano. Sulphur -yellow, very beautiful in the bud. Well known as one of the most useful kinds. 264 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 462. Jacques Lafitte free. H.R. 463. James Sprunt, vig. Beng. 464. James Veitch, dwf. P.M. Jaune Desprez. N. 465. * Jaune Nabonnand, vig. T. 466. Jaune d'Or, dwf. T. 467. * J. B. vig. T. Varonne, 468. Jean Bodin, free. M. 469. Jean Brosse, mod. H.R. 470. Jean Cherpin, free. H.R. 471. Jean Dalmais, mod. H.R. 472. Jean Ducher, free or mod. T. 473. Jean Goujon, vig. H.Ch. 474. Jean Hardy. N. 475. Jean Lambert, vig. H.R. Vibert, 1846. Rosy-crimson. Rev. James Sprunt, 1858. (Sent out by P. Henderson.) A climbing sport from Agrippina. Crimson, the same color as the parent sort, but the flowers are fuller and larger. It is not so free flowering as Agrippina, but a desirable rose. E. Verdier, 1865. Violet- crimson, a sul- lied color, medium or large size, poor shape ; blooms freely, very subject to mildew. See Desprez. Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full ; chrome- yellow, with coppery-rose centre ; free bloomer and very fragrant. Oger, 1864. Coppery - yellow, medium size, full, very delicate habit. One of the sweetest in the class. Guillot fils, 1890. Flowers large, full, varying from deep rose to bright car- mine ; base of petals coppery- yellow, very sweet ; buds long, finely shaped: growth vigorous ; handsome foliage and free blooming. Vibert, 1847. Light rose, quartered shape, fragrant, not mossy. Ducher, 1867. Rose color, medium size, cup form. Liabaud, 1865. Plum color, double, often semi-double, inclined to burn ; fragrant and a fine seed parent. One of the richest shades of color yet produced. Ducher, 1873. Rose, tinged with violet, globular, fragrant. Madame Ducher, 1874. Bronzed - rose, large, very full globular form ; not to be depended on, but very beautiful when well grown. Margottin, 1862. Red, large or very large, full, nearly smooth wood ; of sec- ond quality. Hardy, 1859. Golden -yellow, medium size, full ; an inferior Isabella Gray. E. Verdier, 1866. Deep red, very large, full, flat form. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 265 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 476. Tean Liabaud, free. H.R. 477. Jean Lorthois, free or vig. T. 478. Tean Monford, vig. M. 479. Jean Pernet, free. T. 480. Jean Sisley, mod. H.T. 481. Jean Soupert, mod or free. H.R. 482. * Jeanne Cuvier, vig. T. 483. Jeanne d'Arc, vig, N. 484. * Jeannie Dickson, vig. H.R. 485. Joasine Hanet, vig, H.R. 486. John Bright, mod, H.R. Liabaud, 1875. A seedling from Baron de Bonstetten. Crimson-maroon, illu- mined with scarlet, large, full, fragrant; a lovely rose, but shy in the autumn. Madame Ducher, 187^9. Rose, reverse of the petals silvery-pink. Robert, 1852. Rose color, quite pretty in bud, subject to mildew, not free. Pernet, 1867. Light yellow, suffused with salmon, beautiful buds ; a fine tea, but is now surpassed by Perle des Jar dins. Bennett, 1879. Raised from President X Emilie Hausburgh. Lilac-rose, large, very full, without fragrance ; very sub- ject to mildew. The color is bad, and the buds rarely open well ; it is entirely worthless. Lacharme, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the way of Jean Liabaud; dark green fo- liage, with many thorns; not free in the autumn. Nabonnand, 1888. Long, pointed bud ; rich deep pink ; said to force well ; promising. V. Verdier, 1848. White, an inferior La- marque. A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. One of Dick- son's new Pedigree Seedling Roses, and described as follows: Color rosy-pink, entire margin of petals edged with sil- very-pink, base of petals having a pale yellow zone. The flowers are large, full, with a very high centre which stands up prominently. Petalsof great substance, large and smooth. The growth is vigorous. In this variety we add to the Hybrid Perpetual section quite a new shade of color. Belongs to the old Portland group. Deep rose, tinged with violet, medium size, full, quartered shape ; fragrant, very hardy, a profuse bloomer. The color and form are bad, and destroy its use- fulness. G. Paul, 1878. Bright crimson, medium size. 2 66 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 487. John Cranston. M. 488. John Hopper, free. H.R. 489. John Keynes, free. H.R. 490. John Saul, free. H. R. 491. John Stuart Mill, free. H.R. 492. Joseph Bernacchi, vig. N. 493. Jules Chretien,mod. H.R. 404. Jules'Chretien, free. H.R. ' 495. Jules Finger, free. T. 496. Julesjurgensen. B. 407. Jules Margottin, free. H.R. 498. Julie Mansais, mod. T. 499. Julie Touvais, mod. H.R. 500. Julius Finger, mod. H.T. 501. King of the Prai- ries, vig. P. 502. King's Acre. H.R. 503. * Kronprinces- sin Victoria, vig. B. E. Verdier, 1862. Violet-red, medium size. Ward, 1862. From Jules Margottin X Madame Vidot. Bright rose with car- mine centre, large and full, semi-globu- lar ; light red thorns, _ stout bushy- growth. A free blooming, standard sort. E. Verdier, 1865. Red shaded with ma- roon. Madame Ducher, 1878. Raised from Antoine Ducher. Red, back of the petals carmine, semi-globular. Turner, 1874. Raised from Beauty of Waltham. Rosy-crimson, large, full, or double ; does not bloom until late ; shy in the autumn. Madame Ducher, 1878. Yellowish-white, pale yellow at centre. Schwartz, 1878. Belongs to the Prince Camille type. Crimson, tinged with purple. Damaizin, 1870. Bright rose ; not valu- able. Madame Ducher, 1879. From Catherine Mermet X M a dame de Tart as. Bronzed-rose ; a promising sort. Schwartz, 1879. Magenta-rose. Margottin, 1853. Probably from La Peine. Carmine -rose, large, full, somewhat flat, slight fragrance; five to seven leaflets,"foliage light green, and some- what crimpled ; wood armed with dark red thorns ; free flowering and hardy. Creamy-white, sweet scented, beautiful ; delicate in habit. Touvais, 1868. Satiny- pink, very large, full ; fine, but unreliable. Lacharme, 1879. From Victor Verdier X Sombreuil. Salmon- pink, in the style of Captain Christy ; a promising sort. Feast, 1843. P a l e r°se. Cranston, 1864. Vermilion. Spaeth, 1887. A sport from Souvenir de la Malmaison ; flowers milk-white, tinted with sulphur-yellow. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 267 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. , La Brillante, H.R. La Fontaine, H.Ch. La France, H.T. mod. free mod 507 * La France of '89, vig. H.T. 508. La Grandeur, free or vig. T. 509. La Jonquille, mod. T. 510. La Lune, mod. T. La Motte Sanguin, mod. H.R. La Nuancee, mod. T. La Princesse Vera, free. T. La Reine, free or vig. H.R. , La Rosiere, free. H.R. 516. La Saumonee, vig. H.Cl. V. Verdier, 1862. Bright crimson, a clear shade, large, double, fragrant ; a free bloomer. Guinoiseau, 1855. Red, tinged with vio- let. Guillot fils, 1867. From seed of a Tea rose. Silvery- rose, changing to pink, very large, full, globular ; a most con- stant bloomer, and the sweetest of all roses. If the buds remain firm, by pressing gently the point and blowing into the centre, the flowers will almost invariably expand. An invaluable sort. Moreau-Robert, 1889. Flowers very large ; brilliant red, buds long. Very free flowering. Nabonnand, 1877. Violet- rose, very large, full. Ducher, 1871. Raised from La.7na.rque. Jonquil-yellow, semi-double, sometimes single ; medium or small size. Nabonnand, 1878. Creamy-yellow, deeper colored in centre, medium size, large petals, semi-double. Vigneron, 1869. Carmine-red, large or very large. Guillot fils, 1875. Blush, tinged with fawn, medium size, full. Nabonnand, 1878. Flesh, bordered with coppery -rose, full, well formed ; a dis- tinct, good sort. Laffay, 1839. Glossy -rose, large, full, semi-globular form, somewhat fragrant ; the foliage slightly crimpled, five to seven leaflets. A very hardy, useful rose, though no longer "the queen." Damaizin, 1874. Belongs to the Prince Camille type. Crimson ; the flowers are identical in color and form with Prince Camille, but seem a little fuller, and are more freely produced; the habit of growth ? too, seems somewhat stronger ; it may usurp the place of its rival. Margottin, 1877. Belongs to the Jules Margottin type. Salmon-rose, medium size; non-autumnal. 268 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 517. La Souveraine, vig. H.R. 518. La Sylphide, free. r. 519. La Tulipe, mod. T. 520. La Ville de Brux- elles, free. Dam. 521. * Lady Arthur Hill, vig. H.R. 522. * Lady Castlereagh, vig. T. 523. Lady Emily Peel, mod. or free. H.N. 524. Lady Ford wick, free. H.Ch. 525. * Lady Helen Stew- art, vig. H.R. 526. Lady Sheffield. H R. 527. Lady Stuart, free, H.Ch. 528. Lady Warrender, Beng. 529. Laelia. H.R. 530. Lamarque, vig. N. 531. Lamarque a fleurs jaunes, free. .AT. 532. Laneii. M. 533. L'Ebloui ssante , mod. H.R. E. Verdier, 1874. Rose color, large flowers, semi-double or double, cupped form ; inferior. Laffay. Blush, with fawn centre, very large, double. Ducher, 1870. Creamy«white, tinted with carmine, semi-double. Vibert, 1836. Rose color, large, full, flat; branching habit. A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Large, full, symmetrical; lilac -rose; distinct and fine. An abundant bloomer. A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Large and full, soft rosy- yellow with rose color pre- dominating on the margins of the pet- als ; robust branching habit ; foliage handsome. Lacharme, 1862. From Blanche Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with blush. Laffay, 1838. Deep rose, cup-shaped. A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright crimson- scarlet; large, full, and of perfect form, produced on long, stiff stems, highly perfumed ; distinct and fine. W. Paul & Son, 1881. Cherry-red. Portemer, 1852. Pink, changing to blush; five to seven leaflets. See Clara Sylvain. Crozy, 1857. See Louise Peyronny. Marechal, 1830. White, with sulphur centre, sometimes pure white, very large, full, somewhat fragrant, gener- ally seven leaflets. A superb climbing rose, quite too much neglected. Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, medium size, in the style of the former sort, but in- ferior in all respects. Laffay, 1854. (Sent out by Lane & Son.) Red, good foliage, with five leaflets ; not subject to mildew. Propagates with great difficulty from cuttings. Touvais, 1861. Rosy-crimson, very large, double. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 269 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. free, 534. L'Esperance, H.R. 535. L' Enfant du Mont Carmel, vig. H.R. 536. Le Havre, mod. H. R. 537. Le Mont Blanc, mod. T. dwf. T. 539. Le Pactole, dwf mod. T. 540. Le Rh6ne, free or mod. H.R. Fontaine, 1871. Cherry- red, large, full, flat form, fragrant. Cherpin, 1851. (Sent out by Ducher.) Violet-rose, a muddy shade, large, full, flat form, fragrant, red spines ; inclined to mildew. Eude, 1871. Vermilion, beautifully formed. Ducher, 1869. Pale lemon-yellow, growing lighter as the flowers expand ; good in the bud. 538. Le Nankin, mod. or Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, shaded cop- pery-yellow, pretty in the bud state; rather delicate habit. Madame Pean. From Lamarque X Yellow Tea. Very pale yellow, beauti- ful buds. Guillot fils, 1862. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Vermilion, tinged with crimson, large, well formed. Blush, edged with lake. 541. Leda. (Painted Da- mask.) Dam. 542. Leon Renault, free or vig. H.R. 543. Leopold Haus- burgh, free. H.R. 544. Leopold Premier, free. H.R. 545. Letty Coles, free. T. 546. Leveson Gower, mod. B. 547. Lion des Combats, free or mod. H.R. 548. Little Gem, dwf, M. 549. * Little Pet, vig. Pol. 550. Lord Beaconsfield H.R. 551. Lord Clyde, mod, H.R. Madame Ledechaux, 1878. Cherry-red, very large, full ; promises well. Granger, 1863. Belongs to Jacqueminot type. Deep violet-red, a bad color. Vanassche, 1863. Belongs to Jacquemi- not type. Deep red, shaded crimson, thorns not very numerous ; a good sort but not free in the autumn. Keynes, 1876. A sport from Madame Willermoz. White, with pink centre. Beluze, 1846. Deep rose, tinged with salmon, the flowers are of the same character as Malmaison ; mildews very badly. Lattay, 1851. Violet-rose, double, subject to mildew ; worthless. W. Paul, 1880. Crimson, very small, full; a miniature sort. Small white flowers ; very free flowering. Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) Crimson, large, well formed ; fades badly. G. Paul. 1863. Rosy- crimson, large, double; subject to mildew. 270 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 552. Lord Macau lay free or mod. H.R. 553. Lord Palmerston, free. H.R. 554. Lord Raglan, mod. H.R. 555. Louis XIV., dwf, H.R. 556. Louis Barlet, free, T. 557. Louis Chaix, dwf. H.R. 558. Louis Dore, mod. or free. H.R. 359. Louis Philippe, mod. Beng. 560. Louis Richard, free T. 561. Louis Van Houtte, free. H.R. 562. Louis Van Houtte, dwf. or mod. H.R 563. Louis d'Arzens, mod. or free. H.N. 564. Louise de Savoie, mod. T. 565. Louise Odier, vig. B. 566. Louise Peyronny, mod. (Lcelia.) H.R. 1863. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Fiery crimson, much the color seen in Charles Lefebvre, large, double, well formed, fragrant ; this is still a good rose. Margottin, 1858. Carmine -red, tinged with vermilion, double, well formed ; bushy habit, light green wood and foli- age, a few light - colored spines. A good garden rose. Guillot pere, 1854. Raised from Giant of Battles. Burgundy-crimson, a lovely shade ; tender and shy in au- tumn. Guillot fils, 1859. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Rich crimson, double ; a beautiful shade. Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow, tinged with fawn. Lacharme, 1857. Raised from Giant 0/ Battles. Crimson. Fontaine, 1878. Red, large, full; little or no fragrance, bushy growth ; free in autumn. Crimson ; an inferior Agrippina. Madame Ducher, 1877. Coppery-rose, the centre sometimes deep red ; coarse and poor. Granger, 1863. Red, tinged with crimson, reddish thorns ; not of first quality. Lacharme, 1869. Said to be from Charles Lefebvre. Crimson -maroon, medium size, sometimes large, full, semi-globu- lar form; large foliage, fewer thorns than most other dark roses, highly per- fumed. This is a tender sort, but it is very free blooming, and decidedly the finest crimson yet sent out. Lacharme, j86i. White, tinged with blush ; superseded by Coquette des Blanches. Ducher, 1855. Pale yellow, beautiful buds ; much like Le Pactole. Margottin, 1851. Bright rose, medium size, full, well formed, hardy. Lacharme, 1851. Raised from La Reine. Silvery-rose. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 271 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 567. * Luciole, vig. T. Lyonnaise, mod H.R. 569. Ma Capucine, dwf. T. 570. Mabel Morrison, mod. H.R. 571. * Madame Baron Veillard, vig. B. 572. Mme. Adelaide Cote. H.R. 573. Mme. Alboni, dwf. M. 574. Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, mod. H. T. 575. Mme. Alfred Car- riere, free or vig. H.N. 576. Mme. Alfred de Rougcmont, mod. H.N. 577. Mme. Alice Dureau, free. H.R. Guillot, 1886. Carmine-rose, tinted with saffron-yellow ; base of petals coppery- yellow ; large, long, well-shaped bud, very fragrant. Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Pink, with deeper cen- tre, fades quickly ; a coarse inferior sort. Levet, 1871. Raised from the Noisette Ophirie. Nasturtium -yellow, beauti- ful buds; a very distinct rose, which, from its delicate habit, is useless for ordinary cultivators to attempt grow- ing. Broughton, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) A sport from Baroness Rothschild. Flesh -white, changing to pure white, in the autumn it is sometimes tinged with pink ; semi-double, cup-shaped flowers. In all, save substance of petal and color, this variety is identical with the parent; though not so full as we should like, it is yet a very useful gar- den rose, and occasionally it is good enough for exhibition. Vigneron, 1889. Flowers large, full and cupped ; lilac-rose ; fragrant. Schmitt, 1881. " Reddish-crimson, in the style of Cardinal Patrizzi." V. Verdier, 1850. Pink, very large, very full, flat ; much like Glory 0/ Mosses, and like that kind, too full to be pretty in the bud state. Guillot fils, 1877. Salmon -rose, petals sometimes edged with blush ; has true Tea odor, though not strong. A prom- ising variety. Schwartz, 1879. White, not free bloom- ing, undesirable. Lacharme, 1862. Raised from Blanche Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with pink ; surpassed by Coquette des Blan- ches. Vigneron, 1868. Belongs to La Reine type. Rose color; much like the pa- rent, but more shy in the autumn. 272 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 578. Mme. Alphonse La- vallee, mod. H.R. 579. Mme. Amadieu. T. 580. Mme. Amelie Bal- let. H.R. 581. * Mme. A. Nabon- nand, vig. T. 582. * Mme. Andre Du- ron, vig. H.T. 583. Mme. Andre Leroy, vig. H.R. 584. Mme. Angele Jac- quier, free or mod. T. 585. Mme. Anna de Bes- obrasoff, mod. H.R. 586. Mme. Anna de Bes- obrasoff, free. H.R. 587. Mme. Auguste Per- rin, mod. H.N. 588. Mme. Azelie Im- bert, free. T. 589. Mme. Barillet Des- champs. T. 590. Mme. Barthelemy Levet. T. 591. Mme. Bellenden Ker, mod. H.N. 592. Mme. Berard, vig. Cl.T. 593. Mme. Bernard,mod. T. 594. Mme. Bernutz, free. H.R. 595. Mme. Boll, vig. H. R. E. Verdier, 1878. Carmine -red, in the style of Alfred Colomb ; a promising variety. Pernet, 1880. Bright rose, double, large. V. Verdier, 1878. Satiny - rose, well formed. Flowers pale flesh color ; bud large and long ; free flowering, distinct. Bonnaire, 1887. Flowers large, bright red, produced in great abundance. Trouillard, 1865. Salmon - rose, large, double. Guillot fils, 1879. Bright rose, base of petals coppery-yellow ; a good deal the build of Catherine Merniet. I am well pleased with the appearance of this kind. Nabonnand, 1877. Flesh color, the cen- tre shaded with rose, medium size. Gonod, 1877. Raised from Charles Le- febvre. Deep red, shaded with purple. Schwartz, 1878. Mottled pink, small or medium size, well formed ; a new color in this class. We are most favorably impressed with it. Levet, 1870. Raised from Mme. Falcot. Pale yellow. Bernede, 1855. White, centre creamy- yellow. Levet, 1879. Canary - yellow, medium size. Guillot pere, 1866. Belongs to Eliza Boelle type. White, centre blush ; very beautiful. Levet, 1870. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. Very similar to the parent; the flowers are somewhat less full, of a fresher shade, and are better in the bud state. Levet, 1875. Raised from Mme. Falcot. Coppery-yellow, medium sized, distinct. Jamain, 1874. Satiny -rose, very large, full. Daniel Boll, 1859. (Sent out by Boyeau.) Belongs to Baro7ine Prevost type. Carmine- rose ; a very effective garden sort; very stout shoots, five leaflets only, there are seven in Boieldieu, a kindred variety. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 273 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 506. Mme Boutin, mod. H.R. 597. Mme. Bouton, dwf. M. 598. Mme. Bravy, mod. or free. {Alba Ro- sea, Mme. Sertot.) T. 599. Mme. Bremond, dwf. T. 600. Mme. Bruel, mod. H.R. 601. Mme. Bureau, mod. Beng. 602. Mme. Caillat, free. H.R. 603. Mme. Camille, vig. T. 604. Mme. Caradori Al- lan, vig. P. 605. Mme. Caro. T. 606. Mme. Caroline Kus- ter, free. N. 607. * Mme. Caroline Testout, vig. H.T. 608. Celina Noirey, vig. T. 609. Mme. Charles, free. T. 610. Mme. Charles Crap- elet, vig. H.R. 611. Mme. Charles Ver- dier, free or vig. H. R. 612. Mme. Charles Wood, dwf. H.R, Jamain, 1861. Red, large, full ; a good garden rose. Deep rose, mildews badly ; resembles Oscar Le Clerc. Guillot, of Pont Cherin, 1848. (Sent out by Guillot of Lyons.) Creamy-white, large, full, of very symmetrical form and great fragrance ; one of the most beau- tiful and useful in the class. Guillot fils, 1866. Violet-red. Levet, 1881. Raised from Countess of Oxford. Carmine -rose. White, tinged with blush. E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-rcse. Guillot fils, 1871. Mushroom color, large, coarse flowers ; not worthy of cultiva- tion. Feast, 1843. Bright pink, semi-double. Levet, 1880. Salmon-yellow, medium size. Pernet, 1873. Pale yellow, often mottled with rose ; a free blooming, excellent shrub rose, one of the best bedding kinds. Pernet, Ducher, 1890. Flowers large, very double ; silvery-rose ; free bloomer. Guillot fils, 1868. Salmon, the outer pet- als washed-out pink, very large, very full j a coarse flower, of dirty shade. Damaizin, 1864. Raised from Safrano. Apricot color; in the way of Mme. Falcot. Fontaine, 1859. Cherry-red, medium or large size, fragrant and good ; wood armed with numerous thorns. Lacharme, 1864. Belongs to the Baronne Prevost type. Rosy-vermilion, very large, a free bloomer. E. Verdier, 1861. Reddish-crimson, large, or very large, nearly full ; one of the freest flowering kinds, but not of first quality. Occasionally, as with General Washington, some first-rate blooms are produced. 18 274 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 613. Mme. Chate, mod. H.R. 614. Mme. Chedane Guinoiseau, free. T. 615. Mme. Chirard. H. R. 616. Mme. Clemence Joigneaux,vig. H.R. 617. Mme. Clert, mod. H.R. 618. Mme. Crosy, free or vig. H.R. 619. Mme. Cusin. T. 620. Mme. Damaizin, free or vig. T. 621. Mme. de Laboulaye, mod. or dwf. H.R. 622. Mme. de Ridder, free or vig. H.R. 623. Mme. de St. Joseph mod. T. 624. Mme. de St. Pul- gent, free. H.R. 625. Mme. de Tartas, mod. T. 626. Mme. de Vatry, free. T. 627. * Mme. de Watte ville, vig. T. 628. Mme. Desire Gir- aud, vig. H.R. Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red. Leveque, 1880. Canary-yellow, thought to be a valuable variety for the buds ; probably in the style of Isabella Sprunt. Pernet, 1867. Rose, tinged with -vermil- ion^ full, peculiar rich scent ; bushy habit, shy in autumn, many malformed flowers. Liabaud, 1861. Rose, tinged with lilac, double, large flowers. Gonod, 1868. Salmon-rose. Levet, 1881. Raised from Souvenir de la Reine d A ngleterre. Rose color, very large. Guillot fils, 1881. Violet -rose, tinged with yellow. Damaizin, 1858. Creamy-white, shaded salmon, very large, double ; not well formed. Liabaud, 1877. Rosy -pink, somewhat fragrant, bushy habit, long, rather small foliage, wood thickly covered with dark brown thorns ; not very promising. Margottin, 1871. Red, shaded with vio- let-crimson, large, full, fine globular form ; green wood and thorns. A dis- tinct sort ? fragrant and beautiful, but fades easily. Fawn, shaded salmon, large, full, highly scented ; not well formed. Gautreau, 1871. Raised from Catherine Guillot. Rosy-vermilion tinged with lilac, large, globular ; well formed. Bernede. Rose color, double. Red, shaded with salmon, of good form, both in bud and flower, and well scented ; a very choice old sort. Guillot fils, 1884. Salmon -white, each petal bordered with bright rose like a tulip ; buds long, fragrant. Madame Giraud, 1853. (Sent out by Van Houtte.) A sport from Baronne Prevost. Blush - white, striped with deep rose. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 275 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 629. Mme. Devaucoux, free. T. 630. Mme. Devert,mod. or dwf. H.R. 631. Mme. Domage,free. H.R. 632. Mme. Ducher, mod. H.R. 633. Mme. Ducher, free. T. 634. Mme. Edward Ory, mod. P.M. 635. * Mme. Elie Lam- bert, vig. T. 636. Mme. Elise Stche- goleff. r. 637. Mme. Emilie Du- puy, free. T. 638. * Mme. Etienne, vig. T. 639. Mme. Etienne Levet, dwf. H. T. 640. Mme. Eugene Chambeyran, mod. H.R. 641. Mme. Eugene Verdier, free or mod. H.R. 642. Mme. Falcot, mod. T. 643. Mme. Ferdinand Jamin, mod. H.R. 644. Mme. Fortunee Bes- son. H.R. 645. Mme. Fran 90 is Janin, dwf. or mod T. Madame Ducher, 1874. Canary-yellow, medium size. Pernet, 1876. Raised from Victor Ver- dier. Salmon-rose. Margottin, 1853. Bright rose, large, loose flowers, very thorny ; not valuable. Levet, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium size, double, very good. Ducher, 1869. Creamy- yellow, medium size. Moreau-Robert, 1854. Carmine-red, of medium size, full; one of the best in the class, which is not saying much for the class. Elie Lambert, 1890. Large, globular, well formed ; rich creamy-white, tinted with yellow and bordered with rosy- flesh ; promising. Nabonnand, 1881. Clear rose, flowers said to be in the style of Niphetos. Levet, 1870. Salmon, sometimes pale fawn, large, full ; not attractive. Bernaix, 1887. Rose colored, of good size and form, free flowering ; distinct. Levet, 1878. Cherry-red, sometimes hav- ing a coppery shade, small size, pretty in the bud ; slightly scented, agreeable odor. Gonod, 1878. Belongs to the Victor Ver- dier type. Rose -tinged with violet, sometimes salmon-rose. E. Verdier, 1878. Belongs to La Reinc type. Mottled rose, very large, full, globular ; a promising kind. Guillot fils, 1858. Raised from Safrano. Deep apricot; resembles the parent, but is somewhat larger, more double, of deeper shade, less productive, and of weaker growth. Ledechaux, 1875. Deep rose, cupped form, highly scented. Besson, 1881. Raised from Jules Mar- gottin. Carmine-rose. Levet, 1872. Orange -yellow, small size, buds of exquisite shape ; very distinct, both in color and its peculiar frag- 276 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 646. Mme. Francois Pit- tet, mod. H.N. 647. Mme. Freeman, mod. H.N. 648. Mme. Fremion, mod. H.R. 649. Mme. Gabriel Luizet, vig. H.R. 650. Mme. Gaillard,mod. T. 651. * Mme. G. Bruant, vig. H.R. 652. Mme. George Schwartz, mod. H. R. 653. Mme. Gustave Bon- net, free. H.N. 654. Mme. Hardy, vig. Dam. 655. Mme. Hippolyte Jamain, mod. H.R. 656. Mme. Hippolyte Jamain, free. T. 657. Mme. Hoche, mod. or dwf. M. 658. * Mme. Hoste, vig. T. 659. Mme. Hunnebelle, free. H.R. 660. Mme. Isaac Pereire, free or vig. B. Lacharme, 1877. Pure white, small. Guillot pere, 1862. White, tinged with pink. Margottin, 1850. Cherry-red, cup shaped, fragrant. Liabaud, 1878. Belongs to the Jules Margottin type. Pink, somewhat fra- grant, long foliage ; a promising kind, worthy of attention. Ducher, 1870. Salmon -yellow, large, somewhat coarse. Bruant, 1888. The first of a new race of hybrids. In the bud state the flowers are long and pointed; when open, semi- double; pure white and fragrant, and produced freely in clusters at intervals throughout the summer ; exceptionally hardy and vigorous ; forms a handsome bush. Schwartz, 1871. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Silvery -rose, fades badly and is coarse. Lacharme, i860. From Blanche Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with pink ; surpassed by others of the class. Hardy, 1832. White, large, very full, flat form, very fragrant ; sometimes comes with green centre, but very beautiful when in perfection. A diffi- cult sort to grow from cuttings. Garcon, 1871. (Sent out by Jamain.) White, tinged with rose, very large, full. Guillot fils, 1869. White, tinged in the centre with yellow, large, full. Moreau- Robert, 1859. White, superseded by White Bath. Guillot, 1887. Large, finely formed flow- ers on stout stems ; color varies from straw-white to canary-yellow ; vigorous and most abundant bloomer ; forces well. Fontaine, 1873. Light rose, large, fra- grant. Margottin fils, 1880. Carmine-red, very large, full, free blooming. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 277 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 661. Mme. Jeanne Jou bert, vig. B. 662. Mme. Jolibois, mod H.R. 663. Mme. Joly, free. H.R. 664. * Mme. Joseph Des- bois, vig. H.R. 665. Mme. Joseph Hal- phen, mod. T. 666. Mme. Joseph Schwartz, free. T. 667. Mme. John Twom bly, free. H.R. 668. * Mme. Jules Cam- bon, mod. T. 669. Mme. Jules Grevy. H.R. 670. Mme. Jules Mar- gottin, mod. T. 671. Mme. Julie Daran, free. H.R. 672. Mme. Julie Weid- man. H. T. 673. Mme. Knorr, dwf. H.R. Mme. de Rothschild. 674. Mme. Lacharme, dwf. H.Ch. 675. Mme. Laffay, free H.R. 676. Mme. Lambard vig. T. Margottin, 1877. Red, medium size, non- autumnal. E. Verdier, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium size, full. Rose color, medium size, semi-cupped, fragrant, and well formed ; seems to be of Bourbon origin. Guillot, 1886. Flesh-white, shaded with salmon-rose ; very large, well formed, very vigorous. Margottin, 1859. Blush, medium size. Schwartz, 1880. From Comtesse de La- bartke. Blush, the edge of petals tinged with carmine. Schwartz, 1881. Vermilion-red, said to have some resemblance to A If red Co- lo nib. Bernaix, 1889. Medium size ; flowers fresh carnation-rose color, margined with variable shades of carmine. Schwartz, 1881. From Triompke de F Exposition X Madame Falcot. Sal- mon-pink. Levet, 1871. Carmine-pink, tinged with lilac, very fragrant ; inclined to come in rough form. Touvais, 1861. Violet -crimson, a fine color ; shy in the autumn. Soupert & Notting, 1880. Salmon-rose. V. Verdier, 1855. Rose color, medium size, full, flat form, very sweet. See Baroness Rothschild. Lacharme, 1872. Claimed to have been raised from Jules Margottin X Som- breuil. White, tinged with pink, me- dium size, full or very full, globular; does not open well, and is shy in the autumn. Of bushy growth, and quite hardy. Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large, double, cupped form, red spines ; surpassed by many others of the same shade. Lacharme, 1877. Rosy -salmon, deepen- ing toward the centre, the color is vari- able, sometimes being a rosy-flesh ; the 278 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit cf Growth, and Class. Description. 677 678 M me mod. Mme. H.R. Mme. Jean, Mme. Cl.T. Landeau, P.M. Laurent, vig. 679 680. Leon de St. nod. T. Levet, vig. 681 682 Mme H.R. Mme. mod. . Lilienthal. Loeben Sels, H.T. 683 Mme. Louis Car- 684 685 686 icques, vig. H.R. Mme. Louis Dona- dine, dwf. or mod. H.R. Mme. Louis Henry, vig. N. Mme. Louis Leve- que, mod. H.R. 687 Mme. mod. Margottin, T. Mme. Marie Bianchi. H.R. Mme. Marie Cirrod- de, mod. H.R. Mme. Marie Roe- derer. H.R. Mme. Marie Finger, dwf. H.R. * Mme. Marthe du Bourg, free. T. flowers are large, very full, and good. This variety is not so refined as many others, but is of excellent habit, free blooming qualities, and is to be con- sidered one of our most useful Teas. Moreau-Robert, 1873. Red, medium size, full ; not valuable. Granger, 1871. Cherry-red. Levet, 1875. Pale yellow, very fragrant, poor form. Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. Very much like the parent, but inferior to it. Liabaud, 1878. Bright rose, tinged with salmon. Soupert & Notting, 1879. Silvery-white, shaded with rose, large, full, somewhat flat form. Fontaine, 1859. Rosy -crimson, double, free in autumn ; not of first quality. Gonod, 1877. A sport from Countess of Oxford. Nearly the shade of Eugenie Verdier ; poor. Mme. Ducher, 1879. Pale yellow, fra- grant ; in the way of Solfaterre. Leveque, 1873. Belongs to the fules Margottin type. Carmine-rose, large, very full, somewhat flat form, slightly fragrant ; blooms late in the season, but is shy in the autumn. Guillot fils, 1866. Citron -yellow, some- times with coppery centre, large, full, many malformed flowers, fine when perfect. Guillot fils, 1881. Raised from Victor Verdier X Virginal. Blush, tinged with lilac, fragrant. C. Verdier, 1867. Salmon-pink. Leveque, 1881. Raised from fules Mar- gottin. Cherry-red. RambauXj 1873. (Sent out by Lacharme.) Almost identical with Eugenie Verdier. Pernet, 1889. Large, nearly double, nicely pointed centre ; creamy -white, with carmine on the edges ; very pretty. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 279 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 693. Mme. Marthe d'Halloy. H.R. 694. Mme. Maurice Kup- penheim, mod. T. 695. Mme. Maurin, free. r. 696. Mme. Maxime de la Rocheterie. H.R. 697. Mme. Melanie Wil- lermoz, free. T. 698. Mme. Miolan Car- valho, free or vig. N. 699. Mme. Montet. H.R. 700. Mme. Moreau, mod. H.R. 701. Mme. Moreau, mod. P.M. 702. Mme. Nachury, vig. H.R. 703. Mme. Noman, dwf {Mademoiselle Bon- naire.) H.N. 704. Mme. Oswald de Kerchove, dwf. H. N. 705. Mme. Pauline La- bonte, free. T. 706. * Mme. Philemon Cochet, vig. T. 707. * Mme. Pierre Guil- lot, vig. T. Leveque, 1881. Raised from Madame Boutin. Cherry-red. Madame Ducher, 1877. Yale yellow, shaded with apricot. Guillot pere, 1853. Creamy-white, large ; not very reliable. T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.) Raised from Victor Verdier. Car- mine-rose. Lacharme, 1845. Creamy -white, thick petals, large, full, little fragrance ; an excellent sort for out-of-door culture. Leveque, 1876. Raised from Chroma- tella. Sulphur-yellow. Liabaud, 1880. Light pink, large petals. Gonod. Red, shaded with violet. Moreau-Robert, 1872. Red, large, full. Damaizin, 1873. Belongs to La Reine type. Deep rose color, fades easily, flowers very large, rather loose, fra- grant. Guillot pere, 1867. Raised from Madame Re'camier. White, sometimes with shaded centre, medium size, full, glob- ular ; foliage somewhat crimpled, wood armed with quite numerous, small spines. A rose of exquisite beauty. Schwartz, 1879. From a seedling of Mme. Re'camier X Mme. Falcot. White, tinged with fawn, promises to be an addition of merit. It has all the charac- teristics of the Eliza Boelle type. Pradel, 1852. Salmon-rose, large, full, and good in the bud ; an excellent sort. Cochet, 1888. Bright rose, renexed with salmon-white, medium size. Guillot, 1888. A rose partaking of the characteristics of both Mad. de Watte- ville and IV. A. Richardson in color; flowers large, full, finely formed, pale yellow, tinted with coppery-orange at centre, becoming paler outward ; edges of petals rosy-cnmson ; a strong grower and free bloomer. 280 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 708. 709. 710. 711, 712 713 Mme. Pierre Oger, vig. B. * Mme. P. Kuntz. vig. T. Mme. Plantier, free, H.Ch. Mme. Prosper Lau- gier, free. H.R. Mme. Recamier dwf. H.N. Mme. Rivers, mod. H.R. . Mme. Rosalie de Wincop. H.R. , * Mme. Schwaller, vig. H.T. . * Mme. Scipion Cochet, vig. T. , Mme. Scipion Co chet, vig. H.R. -Mme. Sertot % T. , Mme. Sophie Fro pot, vig. H.R. , M m e . Thevenot free. H.R. . Mme. Trifle, vig a.r. . Mme. Trotter, vig H.Ch. . Mme. Trudeau,free H.R. Oger, 1878. (Sent out by C. Verdier.) A sport IxovsxReine Victoria. Blush, the exterior of petals tinged with rosy-lilac, cupped form, not a free bloomer. Bernaix, 1889. Large, full, bright pink or China rose ; finely formed, and frag- rant ; free bloomer. Plantier, 1835. Pure white, above me- dium size, full, flat form, seven leaflets, foliage rather small ; one of the best white roses for hedges and for massing. Early in the season the flowers are pro- duced in great abundance. E. Verdier, 1875. Red, quartered shape, not fragrant, numerous red thorns ; of second quality. Lacharme, 1853. Blush-white, medium size, well formed. The origin of this rose is unknown ; probably it is the re- sult of a natural cross with some Noisette on a Bourbon. Guillot pere, 1850. Blush ; a pretty sort, but of unhealthy habit and quite ten- der. Vigneron, 1881. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Red, tinged with lilac. Bernaix, 1886. Pink, large, fine ; blooms freely and abundantly. Bernaix, 1887. Rosy-yellow, large and double, margins of petals wavy, beauti- ful glossy foliage, free flowering. Cochet, 1871. Cherry-rose. See Madame Bravy. Levet, 1876. Bright rose, nearly smooth wood ; a shy autumnal and not of first quality. Jamain, 1877. Bright red, free blooming. Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. Fawn and yellow ; resembles the parent, but inferior to it in value. Granger, 1855. Bright red, medium size, a free bloomer in the spring. Daniel Boll, 1850. Rose, tinged with lilac, medium size, well formed, free flowering, mildews badly. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 281 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 723. Mme. Victor Ver dier, mod. or free H.R. 724. Mme. Vidot, dwf H.R. 725. Mme. Welche, mod T. 726. Mme. Zcetman,mod. or free. Dam. Mademoiselle Annie Wood. H.R. 727. Mile. Blanche Dur- schmidt, free. T. 728. Mile. Bonnaire,dwf. H.N. 729. Mile. Brigitte Vio- let, mod. H. T. 730. Mile. Cecile Ber- thod,dwf.ormod. T, 731. Mile. Cecile Briin- ner, mod. or dwf. Pol. 732. Mile. Emma Hall, mod. or free. H.C/i. 733. Mile. Fernande de la Forest, mod. H.R. 734. * Mile. Jeanne Guil- laumez, vig. T. E. Verdier, 1863. Carmine-crimson, large, full, fine, globular form, very fragrant ; a superb rose. Couturier, 1854. (Sent out by E. Ver- dier.) Flesh, color, full, well formed ; a beautiful rose of delicate constitu- tion. Madame Ducher, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) Raised from Devoniensis X Souvenir d 'un A 7ni. Pale yellow, the centre coppery-yellow, large and full ; a very distinct Tea. Delicate flesh, changing to white, large, very full, flat form, fragrant, five to seven leaflets ; a splendid white rose. See Annie Wood. Guillot fils, 1877. Raised from Madame Falcot. Flesh color, semi-double, worthless. Pernet, 1859. Closely resembles Madame Noman; it is difficult to see any points of difference by which one may be dis- tinguished from the other. Levet, 1878. Silvery-rose, slightly tinged with lilac ; not highly scented, but quite a pleasing sort. Guillot fils, 1871. Sulphur -yellow, me- dium size, pretty in the bud. Madame Ducher, 1880. Salmon -pink, deeper in the centre, very small, full, delicately scented ; an exquisite minia- ture rose for floral work, opera bou- quets, etc. Liabaud, 1876. Raised from Souvenir de la Reine d'A ngleterre. Carmine- rose, medium size, semi-globular form, fragrant ; there are seven leaflets of light green color, rather crimpled, the shoots are armed with small spines of pale green. An excellent summer rose. Damaizin, 1872. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Rose color, somewhat in the way of Lyonnaise ; of no value. Bernaix, 1889. Large, delicate coppery- yellow, tinted with flesh, with base of petals orange-red. 282 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 735. Mile. Julie Dymo nier, dwf. H.R. 736. Mile. Lazarine Poi zeau, dwf. or mod T. 737. M 1 1 e. Marguerite Dombrain, free. H, R. 738. Mile. Marie Ar- mand, mod. T. 739. Mile. Marie Berton, vig. CI. T. 740. Mile. Marie Chau vet. H.R. 741. Mile. Marie Cointet dwf. H.R. 742. Mile. Marie Gonod, free. H.R. 743. Mile. Marie Rady. free. H.R. 744. Mile. Rachel, dwf. T. 745. Mile. Therese Lev- et, mod. H.R. Gonod, 1879. Belongs to the Victor Ver- dier type. Salmon-pink, after the style of Marie Cointet. Levet, 1876. Orange -yellow, small size, very pretty in the bud ; closely re- sembles Madame Francois Janin. E. Verdier, 1865. Belongs to La Reine type. Satiny-rose, a good sort. Levet, 1872. Canary -yellow, beautiful buds, well scented, delicate constitu- tion. Levet, 1875. Raised from Gloire de Di- jon. Pale yellow, somewhat fragrant, the most free flowering of all the seed- lings from Gloire de Dijon ; the flower stems are long and stout, the foliage large and lustrous. A magnificent yel- low rose. Besson, 1881. Raised from Baroness Rothschild. Deep rose color. Guillot fils, 1872. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Salmon- pink ; a very beautiful sort when perfect, but most of the flowers are malformed, or open badly. Gonod, 1871. Rosy-blush. Fontaine, 1865. Vermilion-red, shaded with crimson, large or very large, very full, of splendid globular form, very fragrant ; it has more vermilion than Alfred Colomb, making it somewhat lighter and more dull ; the shoots are armed with numerous red thorns, the foliage shows considerable lustre. There is no finer exhibition sort among the red roses, and were it as constant, it would be quite as valuable as Alfred Colomb and Marie Baumann, varieties which bear it considerable resemblance. Beluze, i860. White, pointed buds, some- what in the style of Niphetos, but not equal in quality to that fine sort. Levet, 1866. Belongs to the Jules Mar- gottin type. Salmon- rose, medium size, free blooming. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 283 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 746. Magna Charta, vig. H.Ch. 747. Manetti Rose, vig. 748. Marcelin Roda,mod. T. 749. * Marchioness of Dufferin, vig. H. R. 750. Marchioness of Ex- eter, free. H.R. 751. * Marchioness of Lome, vig. H.R. 752. Marechal F o r e y , vig. or free. H.R. 753. Marechal Niel, vig. N. 754. Marechal Robert, free. T. W. Paul, 1876. Pink, suffused with car- mine, large or very large, full, globular ; foliage and wood light green, numerous, dark spines. A fragrant, excellent va- riety. Violet -rose, small size, single, not pro- ductive ; this variety, since its intro- duction from Italy, is more used for a stock on which to bud choice sorts than any other kind. It has dark, brownish wood, and always seven leaf- lets, sometimes nine ; there need be, therefore, no difficulty in distinguish- ing it fromother kinds. Ducher, 1872, Yellowish - white, the centre light yellow ; a fairly good rose. A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. " Very large, beautiful rosy-pink suffused with yellow at base of petals, which are reflexed." Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.) A seedling from Jules Margottin. Cherry-rose, fragrant. W. Paul & Son, 1889. Large, full, cup- ped ; buds long and handsome, rich and fulgent rose color, shaded with vivid carmine, remarkable for its perpetual habit. Margottin, 1863. Raised from Triomphe de V Exposition. Reddish-crimson, shy in the autumn. Pradel, 1864. Supposed to be a seedling from Isabella Gray. Deep yellow, very large, very full, globular form, delightfully fragrant, the finest of all yellow roses ; it is of delicate constitu- tion, and requires very careful treat- ment to produce satisfactory results. It is only adapted for culture under glass, and even then the inexperienced would do better not to attempt its cul- ture, but use in its stead Mile. Marie Berton, Solfaterre, or,for non-climbers, Perle des Jar dins. Madame Ducher, 1875. White, the cen- tre shaded with flesh, large or very large, full ; a fine sort. 284 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 755. Marechal Vaillant. free. H.R. 756. * Margaret Dickson, vig. H.R. 757. Marguerite Bras- sac. H.R. 758. Marguerite de St. Amand, free. H.R. 759. Marie Baumann mod. H.R. 760. Marie Caroline de Sartoux. T. 761. Marie de Blois, free. M. 762. Marie de Bour- gogne, dwf. P.M. 763. Marie Ducher, free. T. 764. Marie Guillot, mod. T. Viennot, 1861. (Sent out by Jamain.) Crimson, large, full, well formed, fra- grant ; a fine rose, which, were it not for Mazirtce Bernardin, would be more useful. It is a valuable kind for large collections. A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. " Of magnifi- cent form ; white, with pale flesh cen- tre ; petals very large, shell shaped, and of great substance ; foliage very large, dark green." Brassac, 1875. The same as Charles Le- febvre. S^nsal, 1864. Raised from Jules Mar- gottin. Bright rose, very beautiful in the bud state ; will give more fine blooms in the autumn than any other of the class, and it is also one of the best for forcing. It cannot be prop- agated from cuttings. Baumann, 1863. Crimson-vermilion, suf- fused with carmine, large, full, of ex- quisite color and form, very fragrant : the wood freely covered with small light red thorns. This variety is a little lighter and brighter in color than Marie Rady, which is a shade lighter than Alfred Colomb. A rose of the highest quality and very productive ; no collection can be complete with it left out. It should be given a favored position. Nabonnand, 1881. Pure white. Moreau- Robert, 1852. Rose color, double, not mossy, poor. Moreau-Robert, 1853. Bright rose, me- dium size. Ducher, 1868. Salmon-rose, large, very full, somewhat flat ; a free blooming kind, of excellent habit. Not a refined flower, yet it is a sort worth grow- ing. Guillot fils, 1874. White, faintly tinged with yellow, large, full ; of splendid form. One of the most beautiful Teas ; would that it were fragrant ! CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 285 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 765. Marie Jaillet, mod. T. 766. Marie Louise Per- net, mod. H.R. 767. Marie Opoix, mod. T. 768. Marie Sisley, mod. T. 769. Marie Van Houtte, free. T. 770. Marie Verdier, free. H.R. 771. * Marion Dingee, vig. T. 772. Marquis de Balbi- ano, free. B. 773. Marquis de Sanima, mod. T. 774. * Marquise de Vi- vens, vig. T. 775. Marquis of Salis- bury, mod. H.R. 776. Marquise Adele de Murinais, free. H.R. 777. Marquise de Castel- lane, mod. H.R. 778. Marquise de Lig- neries, mod. H.R. Madame Ducher, 1878. Pale rose, deeper in the centre. Pernet, 1876 Raised from Baroness Rothschild. Deep violet -red, cupped form ; very fragrant. Schwartz, 1874. Pale yellow, almost white, not of first quality. Guillot fils, 1868. Rose, tinged with sal- mon, sometimes coppery-rose ; a distinct sort, but not reliable, and at its best is not specially attractive. Ducher, 1871. From Madame de Tar- tasy^Madame Falcot. Pale yellow, the edges of petals often lined with rose, well formed ; of good habit, and in every respect a most charming sort. The finest of all Teas for out-door cul- ture. E. Verdier, 1877. Rose color. Dingee & Conard Co. ? 1892. Described as deep brilliant crimson, one of the brightest and richest colored Teas ; flowers large, cup shaped, and borne on long, straight stems. Lacharme, 1855. Silvery- rose, medium size, full. Mme. Ducher, 1875. Coppery-rose, in the style of Rez'ne du Portugal, but not so good. Dubreuil, 1885. Bright carmine on the edges of outside petals, gradually bo- coming straw color at the base ; distinct. G. Paul, 1879. Coppery -rose ; shaded with crimson, large, globular form, dis- tinct. Schwartz, 1876. Raised from Madame Laffay. Silvery-rose ; an inferior sort. Pernet, 1869. Supposed to be a seedling from Jules Margottin. Carmine-rose, a permanent shade, very large, very full, not fragrant but effective, does not bloom until late ; a valuable sort for exhibition purposes. Does not propa- gate from cuttings. Guenoux, 1879. (Sent out by Jamain.) Rose color, wood nearly smooth. 286 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 779. Marquise de Morte- mart, mod. or dwf, 780. * Marshall P. Wil- der, vig. H.R. 781. MaryPochin. H.R. 782. Masterpiece, mod, or free. H.R. 783. Mathilde Lenaerts, Cl.T. 784. Maurice Bernardin, vig. or free. H.R. 785. * Maurice L. de Vil- morin, vig. H.R. 786. * Maurice Rouvier, vig. T. 787. May Quennell, dwf. or mod. H.R. 5. May Turner, mod, H.R. Liabaud, 1868. Raised from Jules Mar- gottin. Blush, well formed. A fine rose of delicate habit. Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from the seed of Gen. Jacqueminot. It is of vigorous growth, with healthy foli- age, flowers large, semi-globular, full, well formed ; color, cherry-carmine, much like a light-colored Marie Bau- mann, or a shade deeper than Marie Rady, and very fragrant. In wood, foliage, and form of flower, it resem- bles Alfred Colomb, but the seedling excels that famous variety in vigor, hardiness, and freedom of bloom. It continues to bloom profusely long after the other Remontants are out of flower. In brief, it may be described as an im- proved A If red Colomb. Rev. E. M. Pochin, 1881. (Sent out by Cranston.) Lake, shaded with crimson, medium size. W. Paul, 1880. Supposed to be a seed- ling from Beauty of Walt ham. Rosy- crimson. Levet, 1879. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. Rose color. Granger, 1861. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large, moderately full ; a good free flowering sort, generally coming in clusters ; the roots are very delicate, and break easily. In the spring, this is, perhaps, the most prolific of all crimson sorts. Leveque, 1891. Large, double, fine form ; clear bright red, shaded velvety brown. Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full, globular form, delicate rose veined with red ; fragrant and free blooming. Postans, 1878. (Sent out by W. Paul & Son.) Magenta, shaded with crimson, large flowers, many of them coming imperfect ; wood rather smooth, foliage dark. E. Verdier, 1874. Salmon-rose. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 287 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 789. * Medea, vig. T. 790. Melanie Oger, free T. 791. Melanie Soupert T. 792. Mere de St. Louis, mod. H.R. 793. * Merveille de Lyon mod. H.R. 794. * Meteor, vig. H. T. 795. Michael Bonnet free. H.R. 796. Michael Saunders, mod. H. T. 797. Mignonette. Pol. 708. Miller-Hayes, mod. H.R. 799. * Miniature, vig. Pol. 800. * Miss Ethel Brown- low, vig. T. 801. Miss Glegg, free. N. 802. Miss Hassard, free. H.R. W. Paul& Son, 1891. " Large, very full, buds inclined to be high centred ; color lemon, with canary-yellow centre." Oger, 1851. Yellowish- white, deeper at centre, medium size. Nabonnand, 1881. White, large, very full. Lacharme, 1852. Raised from La Reine. Pink, medium size. Pernet, 1882. Pure white, shaded and marked with satiny-rose ; flowers very large, double, and of a beautiful cup shape. A seedling from Baroness Roth- schild, with the same habit, but larger. Bennett, 1887. Rich dark velvety-crim- son, retaining its color well ; a constant bloomer, healthy, with no tendency to mildew : admirable for forcing. Guillot pere. 1864. Rose color, in the way of Madame Joly, but inferior. Bennett, 1879. From President X Ma- dame Victor Verdier.^ Deep bronzed rose, or rose shaded with coppery-red, medium size, very full, finely formed, somewhat fragrant ; on account of their great fulness the flowers do not open well under glass, but they are fine in open air. A very distinct and pleasing sort ; the best of the set sent out by Bennett. Guillot fils. 1881. " Delicate rose, chang- ing to blush, very small, double, flower- ing in corymbs of t h i r t y or forty blooms." E. Verdier, 1873. Reddish-crimson. Alegatiere, 1884. Rosy-white, changing to white ; full, sweet ; in clusters. A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright salmon- pink, shaded yellow at base of petals ; free flowering. Vibert. White, the centre often flesh color, very small, double ; resembles A ime.e Vibert, but is much inferior. Turner, 11 75. Raised from Marguerite de St. A mand. Pink, large, very full, sweetly scented. 2 88 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 803 804, 805, Miss Ingram, free H.Ch. Miss May Paul, vig Cl.T. Miss Tweed, free. A. 806. Modele de Perfec- tion, mod. B. 807. Mogadon H.R. 808. 809. 810. 811. 812. 813. 814. 815. 816. 817. 818. Moire, mod. T. Monsieur Alfred Leveau. H.R. Monsieur Boncenne, free or mod. H.R. * Monsieur Desir, vig. T. Monsieur E. Y. Teas, mod. or dwf. H.R. Monsieur Fillion, mod. H.R. Monsieur Furtado, free or mod. T. Monsieur Jard, free. B. Monsieur Journaux, vig. H.R. Monsieur Jules Monges. H.R. Monsieur Noman, dwf. H.R. Ingram, 1868. (Sent out by Turner.) Blush-white, well formed ; a fine rose. Levet, 1881. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. " Lilac-white, reverse of the petals red." Pale yellow, semi-double ; it has nine leaflets, rarely seven ; Persian Yellow has seven leaflets only ; remembering this, it is always a simple matter to dis- tinguish the varieties when out of flower. Guillot fils, i860. Raised from Louise Odier. Satiny-rose, medium size, well formed. Raised from Rose dti Roi, and esteemed as an improvement on that variety. It is a crimson damask which flowers in autumn. Moire, 1844. Fawn and rose. Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose. Liabaud, 1864. Very deep crimson, dou- ble, medium size ; a good rose, but now displaced by Baron de Bonstetten. Pernet pere, 1888. Large, velvety crim- son-rose ; free bloomer ; a fine climber. E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine -crimson, large, fine, globular form, highly scented ; a superb rose. Gonod, 1876. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Carmine -rose, not of first quality. Laffay, 1863. Yellow, medium or small size, well formed, very full ; an exqui- site sort, of good habit, not nearly so much grown as it deserves. Guillot pere, 1857. Red, tinged with violet. Marest, 1868. Brilliant red. Guillot fils, 1881. Carmine -rose, cupped form. Guillot pere, 1866. Raised from Jules Margottin. Rose color, often deli- cately mottled, beautiful globular form. Unreliable, but magnificent when in perfection. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 819. Monsieur Thouve- nel. H.R. 820. Monthly Cabbage Beng. 821. * ^-ousseleine, vig M. 822. Mrs. Baker, mod H.R. 823. Mrs. Bosanquet mod. Beng. 824. * Mrs. Degraw. B 225. Mrs. Elliott, free H.R. $26. Mrs. Harry Turner mod. H.R. 827. Mrs. Hovey, vig. P. 28. * Mrs. James Wil- son, mod. T. 829. * Mrs. John Laing. vig. H.R. 830. Mrs. Jowitt. H.R. 831. Mrs. Laxton, dwf. H.R. 832. Mrs. Opie, mod. T. Vigneron, 1880. Velvety-red, flat form. Violet-rose, somewhat fragrant. Moreau-Robert, 1881. White, lightly marked with rose, changing to pure white. A good grower. Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Carmine-red. Madam Pean. Rosy-flesh, very produc- tive. Burgess, 1875. Resembles Apolline some- what in leaf and flower, but is more compact in growth. In color it is a rich glossy pink, very fragrant, and is a remarkably prolific and continuous bloomer. It is said to be perfectly hardy south of New York. Laffay, 1840. Rose color, double, gener- ally seven leaflets ; of second quality. Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by Turner.) Raised from Charles Lefebvre X Al- fred de Rougemont. Scarlet-crimson, a splendid bright color ; a very promis- ing sort. Pierce, 1850. Blush, changing to white, resembles Baltimore Belle, but is har- dier ; a valuable climbing rose. A. Dickson & Sons, 1889. In form re- sembles Mermet ; flowers deep lemon- yellow, tipped with rose ; highly fra- grant ; habit vigorous and branching ; flowers carried erect on stiff stems and lasting well. Bennett, 1887. A seedling from Francois Michelon \ soft pink ; large and of fine form, produced on strong stems ; ex- ceedingly fragrant ; one of the most valuable varieties for forcing, and flowers continuously in the open ground. Cranston, 1880. From Marie Rady X Due de Rohan. Crimson, tinged with lake. Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by G. Paul.) Raised from Madame Victor Verdier. Rosy-crimson, beautiful form. Bell & Son, 1877. Salmon-rose. 19 290 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 833. * Mrs. Paul, vig. B. 834. Mrs. Pierce, vig. P. 835. Mrs. Standish, dwf. H.R. 836. Nancy Lee, dwf. H.T. 837. Narcisse, mod. {En- fant de Lyon.) T. 838. Nardy Freres, free. H.R. 839. Nina, mod. T. 840. Niphetos, dwf. 841. Nuits de Young, mod. M. 842. * Oakmont. H.R. 843. Oderic Vital, vig, H.R. 844. Od or at a, free, (Blush Tea.) T. Paul & Son, 1891. " Large open flower like a camelia, with very bold, thick petals, perfectly arranged ; blush-white, with rosy peach shading ; very distinct. A fine autumnal rose.' Pierce, 1850. Blush. Trouillard, i860. Belongs to the Giant of Battles type. Deep crimson, tinged with purple. Bennett, 1879. From Alba Rosea X Ed- ward Morren. Satiny-rose, a delicate and lovely shade, medium or small size, beautiful buds, highly scented ; growth slender, inclined to mildew. Were this of vigorous growth and good constitution, it would be a variety of great value. 1845. Yellow, an inferior Monsieur Fur t ado. Ducher, 1865. Supposed to be a seedling from Madame Boll. Violet -red, a very distinct variety, but of too perish- able a color to have any value. Blush, loose flowers : not of value. 1844. White, sometimes tinged with pale yellow, long, large buds, the petals thick and durable. A very beautiful variety for growing under^ glass, it is entirely unsuited for growing in open air. Lafiay, 1851. Purplish -red, a sullied shade. Comley. " Deep bright rose color, in the way of Paul Neyron, but blooms much more freely ; delightfully scented ; con- tinues in bloom all summer, and is one of the best varieties for very early winter forcing." Oger, 1858. A sport from Baronne Pre- vost. A little lighter in color than the parent, the habit is the same. Of Chinese origin, brought to England in 1810. Carmine, fading to blush, large flowers, somewhat loose but good in the bud ; one of the most fragrant. The larger number of the Teas are descend- ants of this sort. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. ! 9 I Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 845. (Eillet Flamand free. Fr. 846. GEillet Parfait, mod. Prov. Old Yellow Tea. T. 847. Olga Marix, mod. H.N. 848. Olivier Delhomme, free. H.R. 849. Ophelia, mod. T. 850. Ophirie, vig. N, 851. Oriflamme de St. Louis, free. H.R. 852. Oscar Leclerc, mod. P.M. _ 853. Oxonian, mod. H. R. 854. Paeonia, free. H.R. 855. Pallida. P. 856. Panache d' Orleans, vig. H.R. 857. * Papa Gontier, vig. T. . Paquerette, mod Pol. Vibert, 1845. White, striped with rose, like a variegated carnation, double flowers, of medium size ; the foliage is very dark. Foulard, 1841. Blush, striped with violet- rose ; inferior to the preceding sort. See Flavescens. Schwartz, 1873. Rosy-flesh, changing to white ; inferior. V. Verdier, 1861. Brilliant red, large, well formed. Ducher, 1873, Yellow, medium size, full. Goubault,i844> Nasturtium -yellow, suf- fused with coppery -red, medium size, double j a very distinct sort, but very shy. 1858. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Brilliant crimson ; resembles the parent, but is inferior to it. Robert, 1853. Red, tinged with violet, in the way of Madame Bouton. Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Rosy-red, somewhat fragrant, lasge size ; the only one of the type that has perfume. Lacharme, 1855. Red, very large or large, full, fragrant, a free bloomer ; bushy habit, dark lustrous foliage, numerous pale red thorns. A fine gar- den rose, but not quite up to exhibition standard. Feast, 1843. Blush, much resembling Superba. Dauvesse, 1854. A sport from Baronne Pre'vost. Identical with the parent sort, except that the flowers are striped with rosy -white. It is not constant, soon running back to the original. Nabonnand, 1883. Rose, shaded yellow, reverse of petals crimson ; large, semi- double, fragrant, free growing, pro- fuse flowering ; very popular for winter forcing. Guillot fils, 1875. Pure white, about one inch in diameter, full, prettily formed, recalling blossoms of the double flower- ing cherry ; there are five to seven leaflets, the growth is slender. 292 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 859. Paul Jamain, free H.R. 860. Paul Joseph, free B. 861. Paul Nabonnand, free. T. 862. Paul Neyron, vig, H.R. 863. Paul Perras, vig. H, Ch. 864. Paul Ricaut, free or vig. H.Ch. 865. Paul Verdier, vig. H.Ch. 866. Pauline Lansezeur, mod. H.R. 867. Pauline Talabot, free. H.R. 868. Peach Blossom, mod. H.R. 869. Pearl, dwf. H.T. 870. * Pearl Rivers, vig. T. 871. Penelope Mayo, mod. H.R. Jamain, 1878. Belongs to the Charles Lefebvre type. Crimson, slightly tinged with violet-red. Very similar to Charles Lefebvre. Portemer, 1842. Violet-red. Nabonnand, 1877. Satiny-rose. Levet, 1869. From Victor Verdier X Anne de Diesbach. Deep rose, very large, very full, somewhat fragrant, free blooming ; the wood is nearly smooth, the foliage tough and endur- ing, somewhat tender, the growth is very upright. The largest variety known, and a very desirable sort for the garden. Pale rose, large, full. Portemer, 1845. Carmine -crimson, me- dium size, fine globular form ; one of the most beautiful summer roses. C. Verdier, 1866. Carmine -red, large, globular flowers, well built ; a splendid sort. Lansezeur, 1855. Red, shaded with vio- let-crimson, medium size, free bloom- ing. E. Verdier, 1873. Carmine-red. W. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the Jules Margottin type. Mottled pink, a fine color, many imperfect blooms ; there are others of this type like Comtesse de Serenye, Egeria, and Marguerite de St. Ama?ide, of nearly the same shade, that are greatly superior. Bennett, 1879. From President X Com- tesse de Serenye. Rosy-flesh, small, full, pretty buds, with a decided Bourbon fragrance ; growth very slender, sub- ject to mildew. Dingee & Conard Co., _ 1890. Large, ivory-white, shaded with clear rose ; fragrant and beautiful. Davis, 1873. (Sent out by Turner.) Carmine-red, full, well-shaped flowers. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 293 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 872. Perfection de Mon plaisir, mod. T. 873. Perfection des Blan ches, free. H.N. 874. Perle d'Angers mod. B. 875. * Perle d'Or, mod Pol. 876. Perle des Blanches mod. H.N. 877. Perle des Jardins free. T. Perle de Lyon, mod T. 879. Perpetual W h : Moss, free. M. 880. Persian Yellow, free. A. Levet, 1871. Yellow, a good Tea, which may be described as an improved Ca- nary ; like that sort it is delicate. Schwartz, 1873. White, a good sort, but inferior to Coquette des A Ipes. Moreau-Robert, 1879. Blush. Dubreuil, 1883. Nankeen- yellow with orange centre ; very dwarf, branching habit, blooming in clusters of twenty to thirty flowers. Lacharme, 1872. From Blanche Lafitte X Sappho. White, inferior to others of the type. Levet, 1874. Canary - yellow, large or very large, full, well formed, stiff stems, very free ; the leaflets are five to seven in number, deeply serrated, very dark and glaucous. A superb sort for forc- ing, and fine also in open air. Ducher, 1872. Yellow with saffron cen- tre, large, full, very fragrant ; fully as fine in quality as the preceding, but so subject to mildew as to be worthless to ordinary cultivators. Laffay. A sport from White Damask. White, tinged with flesh, flowers in clusters, medium size, semi-double or double, coarse form ; but little mossed, unattractive either in bud or flower ; the name is a deception, as it very rarely blooms in the autumn. Greatly inferior to White Bath, and also Com- tesse de Murinais. Introduced from Persia by H. Willock, in 1830. Bright yellow, small, nearly full, well formed ; small foliage, faintly scented like the sweetbrier ; seven leaf- lets ; the wood is chocolate brown in color, armed with numerous brown thorns ; it is the finest of all hardy yel- low roses. It must not be closely pruned ; it is desirable to grow more than one plant, and by pruning one this year, in the usual way, and the other the next, annual crops of flowers may be had. Does not grow from cuttings. 294 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 881. Pierre Guillot, mod H.T. 882. Pierre Notting, free. H.R. 883. Pierre Seletzki. H. R. 884. * Pink Rover, vig. H.T. 885. Pius the Ninth, vig. H.R. 886. Portland Blanche, free. Dam. 887. Prefet Limbourg, vig. H.R. 888. President. T. 889. President Leon de St. Jean, mod. H.R. 890. President Lincoln, free. H.R. >i. President Mas, free, H.R. 892. President Schlach- ter, free or vig. H, R. 893. President Thiers, dwf. H.R. 894. Pride of Waltham, mod. H.R. Guillot fils, 1879. Deep red, fragrant and good. Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson, tinged with violet, large, or very large, fine, globular form, highly scented ; the most beautiful dark rose, after Louis Van Houtte. _ Levet, 1872. Violet-red. W. Paul & Son, 1890. Flowers very pale pink, deeper in the centre, large, full and expanded ; exceedingly sweet ; buds long, clean, and handsome. Of semi-climbing habit. Vibert, 1849. Violet-rose, a very sullied shade, fiat form, very full, free bloom- ing, very hardy. Vibert, 1836. White, tinged with flesh, large, very full, flat form ; often comes with green centre. Margottin fils, 1878. Crimson, tinged with violet, double, or full ; a rose of fine color. i860. (Sent out by W. Paul.) See Adam. Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles Lefebvre. This is simply an inferior Charles Lefebvre, not worthy of cul- tivation. Granger, 1863. Vermilion red, tinged with crimson, the flowers are much like General Washington, but inferior in quality to that variety, the habit of growth is stronger. Guillot fils, 1865. Raised from Triomphe de V Exposition. Red, shaded with crimson, often comes with bad cen- tre. E. _ Verdier, 1877. Reddish - crimson, finged with violet. Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Carmine -red, one of the darkest colored in the type. W. Paul, 1881. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Flesh color, shaded with rose, a deeper shade than Euge'nie Verdier, CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 295 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 895- 896. 897. Prince Arthur, free, H.R. Prince Camille de Rohan, free. H.R. Prince de Portia, free. H.R. 899. 900. 901. 902. 9°3' 904. 905^ 906, 909, 910, Prince Humbert, free or mod. H.R. Prince Leon, mod. H.R. Prince of Wales, mod. H.R. , Prince Paul Demi- doff, free. H.R. Prince Prosper d'Aremberg. T. , Princess Adelaide, vig. M. , Princess Alice, vig M. , Princess Antoinette Strozzio, free. H.R , Princess Beatrice, mod. H.R. , Princess Charlotte de la Tremouille mod. H.R. . Princess Christian, mod. H.R. . Princess Clemen tine, vig. Pro v. Princess Louise mod. H.R. Cant, 1875. Belongs to the General Jacqueminot type. Deep crimson, smaller but better formed than Jacque- minot. E. Verdier, 1861. Very deep velvety- crimson, large, moderately full, habit somewhat spreading, shy in autumn. A good rose, of splendid color. E. Verdier, 1865. Vermilion, large, full, well formed, one of the most fragrant, somewhat subject to mildew. A splen- did variety. Margottin, 1867. Crimson, large, well formed, excellent. Marest, 1852. Rosy-crimson, stiff, short wood. Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.) From Louise Peyronny X Victor Ver- dier. Pink, very large, double. Guillot fils, 1873. Satiny-rose. Soupert & Notting, 1880. Salmon-red. Laffay, 1845. Pale rose, medium size, not very mossy, but good in bud and flower ; dark foliage, which is often variegated. W. Paul, 1853. Raised horn Luxembourg: Violet-rose, not well mossed. E. Verdier, 1874. Red, large, full, well formed ; slightly in the way of Marie Rady. W. Paul, 1872. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Pink, globular flowers ; fades quickly and is not desirable. Leveque, 1877. Pale-satiny-rose, medium size, full, somewhat fragrant; not of first quality, but very free blooming and therefore of some value. W. Paul, 1870. Salmon -rose, does not open well ; worthless. Vibert, 1842. A beautiful white rose, much resembling, but not equalling. Blanchejleur. Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.) Raised from Mme. Vidtt X Virginal. Blush, medium size, good. 296 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 911. Princess Louise Vic toria, vig. H.CL 912. Princess Marie Dol- gorouky, free. H.R. 913. Princess Mary of Cambridge, mod. H, R. 914. Princess Mathilde. mod. H.R. 915. Princess of Wales, free. H.R. 916. Professor Koch, free. H.R. 917. Pumila, free. N. Puritan, vig. H.T. 919. Purpurea Rubra, mod. M. 920. Queen Eleanor, mod. or free. H.R. 921. Queen of Ayrshires, vig. Ay. 922. Queen of Bedders. dwf. B. 923. Queen of Bourbons, mod. or dwf. B. 924. Queen of Queens, H.R. 925. Queen of the Bel- gians, vig. Ay. Knight, 1872. Salmon-pink, medium size, fine globular form, not fragrant ; dark foliage, wood nearly smooth. A splen- did rose. Gonod, 1878. Raised from A nne de Dies- back. Satiny-rose, very large. Granger, 1866. (Sent out by G. Paul.) From Duchess of Sutherland X Jules Margottin. Salmon-pink, often mot- tled ; a fine sort, now surpassed by Countess of Serenye and Egeria. Liabaud, i860. (Sent out by Jean Pernet.) Burgundy-crimson, a lovely shade, me- dium size, double, never full. It seems as though this must be the founder of the Baron de Bonstetten type. W. Paul 1864. Crimson, cupped form, double. E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-red, medium size, double, erect growth, liable to mildew. Origin and raiser unknown. Salmon-rose, seeming to have Saf ratio blood, very free. Bennett, 1886. Flowers large, often badly formed ; pure white, sweet ; fine foliage. Purplish-red, a bad color. W. Paul, 1876. Pink, tinged with ma- genta-red, large, full, well formed; wood and thorns light green. A very beautiful rose when perfect, but sparsely produced and not reliable. Rivers. Violet -crimson, semi-double, small. Noble, 1877. Raised from Sir J. Pax- ton. Crimson, medium size, very full ; a free flowering sort. The color is not very durable. Mauger, 1834. Fawn and rose, medium or small size, fragrant, very free, of delicate habit. W. Paul, 1882. "Pink with blush edges, large and full, and of perfect form ; grows and flowers freely. ' White, small, double. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 297 Variety, Habit or Growth, and Class. Description. 926. Queen of the Prai- ries, vig. P. 927. Queen of Waltham, mod. H.R. 928. Queen's Scarlet, mod. Beng. 929. Queen Victoria, mod. H.R. 930. * Rainbow, vig. 931. R. Dudley Baxter. H.R. 932. Red Dragon, free. H.R. 934. * Red Gauntlet, vig. H.R. 935. * Red Pet, mod. Beng. 936. Red Rover, vig. H.Cl. Red Safrano. T. 937. Reine Blanche, mod. M. 938. Reine Blanche, mod. H.R. 939. Reine Blanche,mod. H.R. 940. Reine de Portugal, mod. T. 941. Reine des Massifs, vig. N. Qi,-2. Reine des Violettes, free. H.R. 943. Reine du Midi, free or vig. H.R. Feast, 1843. Rosy-red, frequently with white stripe, medium or large size, double; foliage large, five leaflets, quite deeply serrated. W. Paul, 1875. Cherry-red, of good size, very fragrant, does not bloom till late ; a variety of fair quality. Hallock & Thorpe, 1880. Crimson, seems to be an improved Agrippina. Fontaine, 1850. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Raised from La JZeine. Blush with pink centre, large, very full, globular ; does not open well. Sievers, 1891. A sport from Papa Gontier, resembling that variety, with the exception that the color is lighter, being pink, and with the petals some- what striped or blotched. W. Paul, 1879. Maroon, large size. W. Paul, 1878. Crimson, large, rather loose flowers ; not valuable. W. Paul & Son, 1881. Bright scarlet- crimson, shaded with deep rose ; very large and full. A miniature rose with dark crimson flowers produced continuously. W. Paul, 1863. Red, tinged with crim- son. See Safrano a fleur Rouge. Robert, 1858. White, a shy blooming sort. Damaizin, 1868. Raised from La Reine. Blush, well formed. Crozy, 1869. Raised from Victor Ver- dier. Flesh-white, shaded with rose. Guillotfils, 1867. Coppery-yellow, blend- ing with rose, large, very full ; an emi- nently distinct sort, but does not open well. Salmon -yellow, medium Levet, 1874. size. Mille- Mallet the Ninth. Robert, 1868 i860. Raised from Pius Violet-red, a muddy color. The same as La Reine, though supposed by some to be larger and fuller. 298 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit or Growth, and Class. Description. 944. Reine Emma des Pays Bas, free. T. 945. Reine Maria Pia, vig. CI. T. 946. Reine Marie Hen- riette, vig. CI. T. 947. * Reine Nathalie de Serbie, vig. T. 948. * Reine Olga Wurtemburg, v H.T. 949. Reved'Or, free. 950. Rev. J, B. M. Camm, mod. H.R. 951. Richard Lax ton free. H.R. 952. Richard Smith, mod. H.R. 953. Richard Wallace, free. H.R. 954. Rivers, free. H.R. 955. Robert Marnock, free or vig. H.R. 956. * Rosalie, mod. T. Nabonnand, 1879. Yellow, shaded with reddish-salmon. Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. Deep rose, the centre reddish- crimson. Levet, 1878. From Mme. Be'rardX Gen- eral Jacqueminot. Cherry-red, a pure shade, large, double, somewhat fra- grant ; a beautiful, but rather unpro- ductive sort. Soupert & Notting, 1885. Flesh color, shaded lightly with yellow, large and full, of good form, very fragrant. Nabonnand, 1881. Brilliant red; very large ; semi-double. Ducher, 1869. Buff-yellow, medium size, full. Turner, 1875 Belongs to the Jules Mar- gottin type. Carmine- rose, a fine en- during shade, large or medium size, semi-globular form ; one of the most fragrant and free blooming. A superb rose. Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by Turner.) Reddish -crimson, large, full; some- what re s e m b 1 e s Marechal Vail- lant. E. Verdier, 1861. Belongs to the Gen. Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged with purple, not valuable. Leveque, 1871. Red, very large ; not of first quality, Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large, flat form, not valuable. G. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the Duke of Edinburgh type. Brownish-crimson, double, not free in autumn. Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from seed of Marie Van Houtte. Of slender yet healthy growth ; flower small, a little larger than Paquerette, and of a deep pink color, about the shade of 31adame Lambard. Pretty in bud, the flowers being of good substance, and remaining perfect for a long time ; fragrant. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 299 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 957. Rose du Roi, mod. {Crimson Perpet- ual.) Dam. 958. Rosieriste Harms, free. H.R. 959. Rosieriste Jacobs free. H.R. 960. Rosy Morn, dwf H.R. 961. Royal Standard, mod. H.R. c/62. Royal Tea, mod. T. 963. Rubens, mod. H.R. 964. Rubens, free. • T. 965. Rugosa Alba, vig. 966. Rugosa Rubra, vig. 967. S. Reynolds Hole, mod. H.R. 968. Safrano, free. T. Lelieur, 1812. Bright crimson, large, double, very fragrant; occasionally blooms in autumn. E. Verdier, 1879. Velvety-red, shaded with crimson, slightly resembling Mme. Victor Verdier. Madame Ducher, 1880. Bright red. W. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the VictorVer- dier type. Salmon-pink, a deeper shade than Eugenie Verdier ; peculiar wood and foliage more like Captain Christy than any other variety. A good rose, but with too many imperfect blooms. Turner, 1874. Satiny- rose, tinged with lilac, a large, well-formed, globular flower ; but does not open well. White, faintly tinged with yellow, long, beautiful buds, delicate habit. Laffay, 1852. Bright red, a fine color, flowers loose. Moreau-Robert, 1859. Rosy-flesh, deeper at centre, large, full, well formed, fine in the bud. An excellent variety. A species from Japan, introduced some years ago. White, large size, five petals, fragrant. A beautiful single rose. Also from Japan. Deep rose, tinged with violet, single, fragrant. The flowers are succeeded by very bright colored heps of large size, which in the autumn are exceedingly attractive. The leaflets are nine in number, of dark color, very tough and durable. These two kinds are splendid shrubs for bor- ders. G. Paul, 1872. Maroon, flushed with scarlet-crimson, medium size, full, well formed ; shy in the autumn and sub- ject to mildew. A rose of great beauty but not at all adapted to general culti- vation. Beauregard, 1839. Saffron and apricot- yellow, large, semi-double, exceedingly beautiful in the bud, very free. The seed organs are better developed than in almost any other kind. 3°° THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 969. Safrano a fleur Rouge, mod. (Red Safrano.) T. 070. Saint George, mod H.R. 971. * Salamander, vig, H.R. 972. Salet, free. P.M. 973. Sanguinea, mod. Beng. 974. * Sappho, vig. T. 975. Senateur Vaisse mod. H.R. 976. Setina, free. B. Seven Sisters. Mult. 977. Sir Garnet Wol- seley, vig. or free. 978. Sir Joseph Paxton. free. B. 979. * Snowfiake, vig. T. 3o. Socrates, free. T. Oger, 1868. Belongs to the Safrano type. Saffron-yellow, shaded with coppery-red, semi-double ; a peculiar scent, not pleasing. W. Paul, 1874. Crimson, shaded with purple. W. Paul & Son, 1891. " Large and full ; bright scarlet -crimson, very vivid in summer; very free flowering." Lacharme, 1854. Light rose, medium size, flat form, fairly good buds, very free. The best in the class, after Soupert et Netting. Crimson, medium or small size. An in- ferior Agrippina. W. Paul & Son, 1889. Buds medium, full, globular, fawn color, suffused with rose, the opening flowers shaded with yellow and tawny buff. Distinct and handsome ; vigorous and free bloom- ing. Guillot pere, 1859. Raised from Ge?ieral Jacqueminot. Red, shaded with car- mine-crimson, large, full, well formed, highly scented. A fine rose, but now surpassed by Mons. E. Y. Teas. P. Henderson, 1859. A sport from Her- mosa. Identical with the parent, ex- cept that the habit is a little more vigor- ous. See Greville. Cranston, 1875. Said to be a seedling from Prince Camille. [We doubt this parentage.] Nearly identical with Mau- rice Bemardin ; the flowers may be a little superior in finish, but they are less freely produced. Laffay, 1852. Deep red, slightly tinged with violet, medium size, well formed, non-autumnal. Strauss & Co., 1890. Sent out by Strauss & Co., of Washington, D.C. ; a very free flowering white rose ; useful in set designs, and as a pot plant. Moreau-Robert, 1858. Deep rose tinged with fawn, large or medium size, double or full. Quite a good Tea. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 301 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. Sceur des Anges. mod. H.R. Solfaterre, vig, (A ugusta.) N. 983. Sombreuil, vig. T. 984 985 987 990, 991, 992 Soupert et Notting, dwf. P.M. Souvenir d'Adolphe Thiers, mod. H.R. Souvenir d'Auguste Riviere, free. H.R. Souvenir d ' Elise Vardon, mod. T. , * Souvenir de Clair- vaux, vig. T. , Souvenir de Georges Sand, free. T. , Souvenir de Henry Clay, free. S. , * Souvenir de Ga- brielle Drevet, vig. T. , Souvenir de la Mal- maison, mod. B. Oger, 1863. A sport from Duchesse d'' 'Or- leans. Flesh, shaded with lilac ; not valuable. Boyeau, 1843. Raised from Lamarque. Sulphur-yellow, large, double or full, slightly fragrant. An excellent climb- ing rose, and valuable as a stock on which to bud Teas. Moreau-Robert, 1851. Evidently of Bour- bon parentage on one side. Creamy- white, often tinted with pink, large or very large, full, well formed ; the har- diest and most vigorous of the white Teas, and free from mildew. A valu- able sort for culture in the open air. Pernet, 1874. Rose color, very large, very full, globular form, highly scented, not very mossy, a true ever-blooming rose, five leaflets only. The flowers are some- times malformed, but they are infinitely superior to all others of the same class. Moreau-Robert, 1877. Raised from Coun- tess of Oxford. Red, tinged with ver- milion, very large. E. Verdier, 1877. Belongs to the Prince Camille type. Velvety-crimson. Marest, 1855. Flesh color, shaded with rosy -salmon, large, full; highly es- teemed in England, but we have never admired it ; refinement is lacking in the flower. Eugene Verdier, 1891. Large, well formed ; buds large, long ; pinkish-rose ; fragrant. Madame Ducher, 1876. Salmon and rose, reverse of petals tinged with lilac, bad- ly formed. Boll, 1854. A hybrid Scotch. Rose color, small or medium size, gives some blooms in the autumn. Guillot fils, 1885. Salmon -white, centre coppery-rose, large and full, very sweet. Beluze, 1843. Supposed to be a seed- ling from Madame Desprez. Flesh shaded with fawn, large, very full, flat form, rich foliage. A splendid rose. 3° 2 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 993. Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre, vig. or free. H.R. 994. Souvenir de la Reine des Beiges, mod. or free. H.R. 995. Souvenir de Laffay. H.R. 996. Souvenir de Leveson Gower, free. H.R. 997. Souvenir de Louis Van Houtte, free. H.R. 998. Souvenir de Mme. Robert, free or vig. H.R. 999. * Souvenir de Ma- dame Sablayrolles, vig. T. 1000. Souvenir de Marie Detrey, free. T. 1001. Souvenir de Mons. Boll, mod. or free. H.R. 1002. Souvenir de Mons. Droche. H.R. 1003. Souvenir de Paul Neyron, mod. T. 1004. Souvenir de Pierre D u p u y, vig. H. Ch. 1005. Souvenir de Mme. Pernet, vig. T. 1006. Souvenir de Spa, mod. H.R. 1007. *Souvenir de Victor Hugo, vig. 71 1008. Souvenir de Victor Verdier, free or mod H.R. Cochet, 1855. Raised from La Reine. Bright rose, very large, double ; shy in autumn. Cochet, 1855. Carmine-red, medium size, good color, rather tender. E. Verdier, Violet-crimson. Guillot pere, 1852. Deep-rose, very large, double or full, fine flowers ; quite ten- der, and subject to mildew. E. Verdier, 1876. Bright crimson, some- times tinged with violet, well formed, quite a good rose. Moreau-Robert, 1876. Raised from Jules Margottin. Salmon-pink. Bonnaire, 1890. Large, finely formed ; creamy-white, tinged with silvery-rose ; fragrant. Madame Ducher, 1877. Salmon rose ; of inferior quality, not worth growing. Boyeau, 1866. Cherry-red, large, very full. Madame Ducher, 1881. Carmine -rose, double. Levet, 1871. Said to be a seedling from the Noisette Ophirie. Pale salmon- yellow, medium or small size ; rather a good rose, but too delicate to be gener- ally useful. A. Levet, 1876. Red, large, globular flowers, well formed, fragrant. Pernet, 1875. Tender rose, the base of petals tinged with yellow, large loose flowers, sparsely produced. A distinct but not valuable sort. Gautreau, 1873. Raised from Mme. Vic- tor Verdier. Bright red, shaded with crimson, well formed. Bonnaire, 1886. China rose, centre cop- pery ; large, full, and distinct. E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with vio- let-crimson, a well-formed, good rose. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 303 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 1009. Souvenir de Wm Wood, mod. H.R. 1010. Souvenir d'un Ami free. T. 1011. Souvenir du Comte de Cavour, mod. H. R. 1012. Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, free. H.R. 1013. Souvenir du Presi- dent Porcher, mod. H.R. 1014. * Souvenir du Ro- sieriste Gonod, vig H.R. 1015. *Souvenir de Woot- ton, vig. H. T. 1016. Standard of Maren go, vig. H.R. 1017. Stanwell Perpet ual, mod. S. 1018. Star of Waltham. mod. or dwf. H.R. 1019. Stephanie - et-Ro- dolphe, vig. CI. T. 1020. Sulphureux, mod. T. 1021. Sultan of Zanzibar, mod. H.R. 1022. Superba, vig. P. E. Verdier, 1864. Belongs to the Prince Camille type. A fine, very dark crim- son, not equalling Prince Camille. Belot, 1846. Rose, tinged with salmon, very large, full, highly perfumed; an old favorite which yet retains its high rank. Margottin, 1861. Red, shaded with crim- Lacharme, 1865. Raised from Charles Lefebvre. Plum color, shaded with deep crimson. T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.) Raised from Victor Verdier. Deep rose. Jean Ducher, 1890. Very large, full, and well formed ; cerise, veined with bright rose ; fragrant. Forces well. Cook, 1888. A red hybrid Tea from seed of Bon Silene, fertilized with Louis Van Houtte ; plant vigorous with fine foliage ; free blooming ; buds of good size on strong shoots ; of a rich red color and extremely fragrant. If the buds were longer this would be a very valu- able variety for forcing. Guillot pere, 1851. Rosy-crimson, double, fragrant. Lee. Blush, medium size, double, deli- cately scented, foliage very small, nine to eleven leaflets ; dark reddish-brown wood, numerous small spines. A hy- brid which blooms in the autumn. W. Paul, 1875. Carmine-crimson, medium size, semi-globular, full, fragrant ; very large foliage, smooth green wood, with occasional red thorns. A good rose but not reliable. Levet, 1880. Raised from Gloire de Di- jon. Orange-yellow. Ducher, 1869. Sulphur-yellow, medium size. G. Paul, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the style of S. Reynolds Hole ; very un- healthy habit. Feast, 1843. Pink, becoming blush, small, full, pretty. 3°4 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 1023. *Suzanne Blanchet, vig. T. 1024. Sydonie, vig. H.R. 1025. * T. W. Girdle- stone, vig. H.R. 1026. Tatiana Oneguine, free. H.R. 1027. The Shah, free, H.R. 1028. Theodore Bullier, free. f H.R. 1029. Therese Genevay. T. 1030. Thomas Methven, free. H.R. 1031. Thomas Mills, vig. or free. H.R. 1032. ThyraHammerich. mod. or free. H.R. 1033. Triomphe d'Ami- ens, vig. H.R. 1034. Triomphe d' An- gers, mod. H.R. 1035. Triomphe de Beaute, free. H.R. 1036. Triomphe de Caen, dwf . or mod. H.R. 1037. Triomphe de France, dwf. H.R. Nabonnand, 1886. Rose tinted with flesh color ; large and of fine form ; very fragrant. Dorisy, 1846. Rose color, medium size, very full, quartered form, very free blooming, very hardy ; five to seven leaflets, red thorns. Its poor shape de- stroys its usefulness. A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Very large, perfectly symmetrical in form ; brilliant carmine, base of petals shaded with lake ; very fragrant. Leveque, 1881. Raised from Elizabeth Vigneron. Carmine-red. G. Paul, 1874. Raised from Duke of Edinburgh. Red, shaded with bright crimson, rather small, full ; a shy bloomer, and subject to mildew. E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine- red, tinged with violet-crimson. Levet, 1875. Rose, tinged with fawn. E. Verdier, 1869. Red, tinged with vel- vety-crimson, good size, well formed ; a fine rose. E. Verdier, 1873. Rosy- crimson, very large, double ; a good garden variety. Ledechaux, 1868. Raised from Duchess of Sutherland. Rosy-flesh, large, well formed ; distinct and good. Mille-Mallet, 1861. A sport from Gen- eral facqueminot. Crimson, some- times marbled and striped with carmine- purple, but generally like the parent ; not valuable. Moreau- Robert, 1863. Rich crimsftn, suf- fused with purple. Oger, 1853. Reddish -crimson, double, somewhat resembles General facque- minot, but much inferior. Cger, 1862. Crimson, tinged with purple, a non-permanent shade, not desir- able. Margottin, 1875. Carmine - red, very large, very full, flat, fragrant ; a fine sort, but not reliable, and of such poor growth as to destroy its value. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 305 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 1038. Triomphe de Jaus sens, free. Fr. 1039. Triomphe de 1' Ex- position, free. H.R 1040. Triomphe de Mi Ian, mod. T. 1041. * Triomphe de Per- net pere, vig. T. 1042. Triomphe de Ren nes, free. N. 1043. Triomphe de Tou louse. H.R. 1044. Triomphe des Beaux Arts, free or vig. H.R. 1045. Triomphe des Ros- omanes, vig. H.R, 1046. Triomphe du Lux- embourg, free. T. 1047. Triumphant, vig. P. 1048. U 1 r i c h Briinner, vig, H.R. Unique. M. 1049. Unique, vig. (White Provence.) Prov. 1050. Vainqueur de Sol- ferino, mod. H.R. 1051. Vallee de Chamou- nix, mod. T. 1052. * Vick's Caprice, vig. H.R. 20 Crimson, large loose flowers, wood armed with short dark spines. Margottin, 1855. Reddish-crimson, large, rather coarse flowers, fragrant, numer- ous red thorns, hardy ; occasionally comes very fine, but generally the quality is inferior. Madame Ducher, 1876. White, suffused with pale yellow, without fragrance ; a fine rose, similar, but inferior, to Marie Guillot. Pernet pere, 1891. Bright red ; buds long. Lansezeur, 1857. From La marque. Canary -yellow, the centre tinged with salmon, large or very large, full, good. Brassac, 1874. Red, shaded with violet- crimson. Fontaine, 1857. Raised, from General Jacqueminot. An inferior likeness of the parent. Gonod, 1873. Belongs to the General Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged with purple, fragrant, and of fair qual- ity ; a good seed-bearer. Hardy, 1836. (Sent out by Madame Pean.) Buff -rose, large, good in the bud, of healthy habit ; a desirable sort. Pierce, 1850. Rosy-pink, medium size, double or full, distinct ; seven leaflets are common. Levet, 1881. Raised from Paul Neyron. Cherry-red. See White Bath. Grimwood, 1778. White, a good rose, similar but inferior to Madame Hardy. Damaizin, 1859. Belongs to the Giant of Battles type. Red, shaded with purplish-crimson. Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow and rose, medium size. James Vick, 1889. A sport from Arch- duchesse d' A utriche. Large, pink, striped and dashed with white and car- mine ; vigorous and free blooming. 306 THE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 1053. Vicomte Maison, vig. H.R. 1054. Vicomte Vigier, free. H.R. 1055. Vicomtesse de Cazes, dwf. T. 1056. Victor Pulliat,mod. T. 1057. Victor Trouillard. H.R. 1058. Victor Verdier, mod. H.R. 1059. Villaret de Joy- euse, free. H.R. 1060. Ville de St. Denis, free. H.R. 1061. Violette Bouyer, free or vig. H.R. 1062. Virgil, free. H.R. 1063. Viridiflora, free. ( Viridiscens.) Be fig. 1064. Virginale, mod. //. R. 1065. Viscountess Fal- mouth, dwf. H. T. 1066. *Viscountess Folkestone, vig. //. T. 1067. Vulcain, mod. H. R. Fontaine, 1868. Cherry- red, double, fades quickly, straggling habit. E. Verdier, 1861. Maroon- tinged with violet, a well-formed, globular flower. Pradel, 1844. Coppery -yellow, rather loose form, very delicate habit. Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow, long buds, quite a good Tea. Trouillard, 1856. (Sent out by Standish & Noble.) Crimson and purple. Lacharme, 1852. Bright rose, with car- mine centre, a very fresh shade, but not permanent, semi-globular form, of good size, not fragrant ; very free, the wood is all but smooth, the foliage lus- trous. This variety is doubtless of Bourbon origin ; it is a beautiful rose, but with its entire progeny is more ten- der than any other types in the class. Damaizin, 1874. Bright rose, well formed. Thouars, 1853. From La Reine. Car- mine-rose. Lacharme, 1881. From Jules Margottin X Sombreul. White, tinged with pink. Guillot pere, 1870. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Pink, tinged with lavender, not valua- ble. Green flowers, of no beauty whatsoever, only sought for as a curiosity. Lacharme, 1858. White, with flesh cen- tre, medium size, double or full, well formed ; a good rose, but of very deli- cate habit. Bennett, 1879. From President X Sou- pert et Notting. Mottled rose, the ex- terior of petals with a silvery lustre, very large, very full, globular, having the intense fragrance of Soupert et Notting, and like that variety inclined to come malformed. The wood is very thorny, the shoots slender. Bennett, 1887. Creamy-pink ; large, full, sweet. E. Verdier, 1862. Rich crimson, double, well formed ; a rose of splendid color. CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 3°7 Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class, Description. 1068. W. A. Richardson, vig. N. 1069. W. Wilson Saun- ders, mod. H.R. 1070. * Waban, mod. T. 107 1. Washington, vig. N. 1072. White Banksia, vig. B'k. 1073. White Baroness, mod. H.R. 1074. White Bath, mod. or free. (Unique.) M. W h i t e Provence. Proz>. 1075. *White Bon Silene. vig. T. 1076. * White Lady, mod H.T. 1077. * William F. Ben- nett, vig. H. T. 1078. William Griffith, free. H.R. Madame Ducher, 1878. Orange-yellow, medium size, of fair quality. G. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the Charles Lefebvre type. May be briefly de- scribed as an inferior Charles Le- febvre. E. M. Wood & Co., 1891. A sport from Catharine Mermet, resembling it in every respect except in color, which is a rich, bright, clear pink. With some growers this variety has proved a suc- cess, while with others it has not done well. It often grows one-sided. Stewart (of Philadelphia). White, me- dium size, loose flowers, poor. Brought to England from China in 1807. Pure white, small full flower, vi'olet- scented. G. Paul, 1882. A sport from Baroness Rothschild. Unlike Mabel Morrison, this is quite as full a rose as the parent, and it is pure white ; in other respects, as vigor of growth, etc., it is identical with Baroness Rothschild. We saw this in flower at Cheshunt during the summer of 1880, and were greatly im- pressed with its merit. Salter. A sport from the Common. White, sometimes tinged with flesh, attractive in bud and open flower ; gen- erally five leaflets, of straggling habit. Much the best white mors. See Unique. F. Morat, 1883. A sport from the well- known Bon Silene. Of a pearly white- ness, vigorous and free flowering. W. Paul & Son, 1889. Flowers large, beautiful semi-cupped form ; creamy- white. Bennett, 1885. Beautiful glowing crim- son, similar to Gen. Jacqueminot, with a bud similar to Niphetos ; very frag- rant ; a very free bloomer, but only a moderate grower. Portemer, 1850. Pink, much resembling Countess C. de Chabrillant, but the 3o8 TttE ROSE. Variety, Habit of Growth, and Class. Description. 1079. William Jesse, free H.R. 1080. William Koelle, mod. H.R. 1081. William Lobb, free, M. 1082. William Warden vig. H.R. 1083. Woodland Mar- guerite, vig. N. 1084. Xavier Olibo, mod. or dwf. H.R. 1085. Yellow Banksia, vig. &k. Yellow Tea. T. 1086. Yolanded'Aragon, free. H.R. flowers are somewhat smaller, the wood smoother, and in habit it is more vigor- ous, but also much more liable to in- jury from the cold. Laffay, 1840. Red, suffused with violet, in the way of Pius the Ninth. An undesirable sort. Pernet, 1878. Raised from Alfred Co- lomb. The flowers are nearly or quite the same shade as those of the parent, the habit is partially that of Charles Lefebvre. Laffay, 1855. Violet-red, not an attrac- tive sort. Mitchell & Son, 1878. A sport from Madame Clemence Joigneaux. Pink flowers, the habit, etc., is the same as that of the parent. J. Pentland, 1859. White, sometimes with flesh, medium size ; of fair quality. Lacharme, 1864. Said to be from Gen. Jacqueminot. Very deep, rich crim- son, large flowers, moderately full ; a superb rose. Brought to England from China in 1827. Like White Banksia, except the color, which is clear yellow. See Flavescens. Vibert, 1843. Lilac-rose, flat form, strag- gling habit ; worthless. INDEX. Aphis, The, 88. Austrian Roses, 33. Autumnal Roses, 42, 51, 129. Ayrshire Roses, 28. Banksia Roses, 28. Bedding Roses, 127. Bengal Roses, 51. Best Roses, The, 134. Books on Roses, v. 199. Bourbon Roses, 52. Boursault Roses, 29. Boxes for Exhibiting, 109. Brier, The, as a Stock, 104. Budded Roses, 102. Cabbage Rose, The. 40. Catalogue of Varieties, 22S. Caterpillars, 92. Champney Roses, 44. China Roses, 51. Classification, 25. Climbing Roses, 28, 42, 13c. Climbing Tea Roses, 49. Cuttings, 99, 114. Damask Roses, 32. Descriptions, 174. Diseases, 87. Eglantine, The, 41. Evergreen Roses, 29. Exhibiting lose, 107. Exhibition Roses, The Best, Failure, Causes of, 72. Fairy Roses, 52. Families of Roses, 28. Free-blooming Roses, 130. Forcing Roses, 114, 129. Fragrant Roses, 131. French Roses, 34. Grafting, 105. Green Fly, 88. Habit of Growth, 230 Hardy Roses, 131. Hellebore, 92. Hybrid China Roses, 35. Hybrid Climbing Roses, y » j2, Hybrid Noisette Roses, 54. Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 55. Hybrid Remontant Roses, 55. Hybrid Tea Roses, 58. Insects, 87. Leaf Roller, 92. Layers, 105. Mail, Plants by, 77. Manetti, The, as a Stock, 104. Manures, 83. May Bug, 94. Microphylla Roses, 44. Mildew, 89. Monthly Roses, 42. Moss Roses, 39. Multiflora Roses, 28. Night-soil, 84. Noisette Roses, 44. Old and New Roses, 203. Own Roots, 99. 3io INDEX. Pegged-down Roses, 127. Permanent Colors, 162. Perpetual Roses, 42. Perpetual Moss Roses, 62. Pillar Roses, 35. Planting, 76. Polyantha Roses, 47. Position for Planting, 71. Pot-culture, 114. Potting Roses, 115. Prairie Roses, 29. Propagation, 99. Protection, 64. Provence Roses, 38. Pruning, 76. Quassia, 89. Raisers of the Best Roses, 134. Raising New Varieties, 186. Rose Bug, The, 93. Rose Chafer, The, 93. Rose Slug, The, 93. Rose Hopper, The, 91. Roses for Special Purposes, 127. Roses under Glass, 114. Red Spider, The, 90. Running Roses, 42. Sawfly, 93. Sarmentous Roses, 26. Scotch Roses, 39. Seed Parents, 156. Seedling Roses, 177. Similar Varieties, 165. Soils, 71. Solfaterre as a StocV. 46. Stocks, 104. Suckers, 103. Sulphur, 89, 91. Summer Roses, 28. Sweet-Brier, The, 41. Tea Roses, 63, Technical Terms, 67. Thrips, 9 i. Tobacco, for Fumigating, 89. Too-much-alike Roses, 162. Typical Roses, 174. Varieties for Special Purposes, 127. When to Plant, 76. White Grub, 94. Yellow Roses, 34.