H H H I m H Hi Bawls HI H ■ RB Mi — Kg ti&a® IM^mmmHnHffmiHBattSft5S K H WBBKBBtib n wfcrfc KBlaB imf|9.l H HHMiHI MIi SuflififSn ll m HHgw mSflfflfl fffimnfim Kara! BwBw wwi &0hm ■9 BBS Bm mm mm B8 M H ■ Bill WSBSm mm mmn»fl IhI BUm Hi ii ■ 1 I W Hi Iralli m THE BOSCOBEL TRACTS - i fil JJK "">w ;:■' ■■■•.-. .'•■..■"'■'"'>'':'':'"'■: ^■'j.'.V^IBiSv: THE BOSCOBEL TRACTS RELATING TO THE ESCAPE OF CHARLES THE SECOND AFTER THE BATTLE OF WORCESTER AND HIS SUBSEQUENT ADVENTURES EDITED BY ^ J. HUGHES, ESQ. A.M. Author of " Provence and the Rhone." SECOND EDITION WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLVII ,/- PRINTED CV WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH. 7'r 3y TO THE RIGHT REVEREND EDWAED, LOBD BISHOP OF LLANDAFF, ^|jte ©ompilation, UNDERTAKEN BY HIS ADVICE AND IMPROVED BY HIS SUGGESTIONS, IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL FRIEND, THE EDITOR. 1830. CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION, . ... . 1 DIARY, COMPILED BY THE EDITOR, 32 EXTRACT FROM LORD CLARENDON, 109 LETTER FROM A PRISONER AT CHESTER, .... 138 THE KING'S NARRATIVE, edited bt Pepts, 147 BOSCOBEL— Part 1 183 BOSCOBEL— Part II 253 Mr WHITGREAVE'S NARRATIVE, 289 Mr ELLESDON'S LETTER, 301 Mrs ANNE WYNDHAM'S » CLAUSTRUM REGALE RESER- ATUM," 323 APPENDIX 361 LIST OF PLATES. * BOSCOBEL HOUSE, 1814, prom the West, . . To face Title. <- BATTLE OF WOKCESTER, To fare Page 38 i CHART OF KING CHARLES II.'s JOURNEY, „ „ 48 I KING CHARLES MAKING HIS ESCAPE, ATTENDED BY THE FIVE PENDRELS, &c, . BOSCOBEL HOUSE, from the South, THE ROYAL OAK AT BOSCOBEL, „ 99 I MOSELEY HALL, ... ,,101 TRENT HOUSE, INTBODUCTION. As it is desirable to advert as briefly as possible to matters merely personal, I shall content myself with stating, that the plan of the annexed compila- tion originated with my friend, the late Bishop Copies ton, to whose varied acquirements I need hardly have alluded in the year 1830, when the first edition was published. It is scarcely necessary to subjoin, what will be obviously inferred, that, as the most convenient method of explaining my views on some points, I have interwoven with my answer to his Lordship's letter some remarks not originally contained in it. The diary of the king's proceed- ings, according to the plan recommended, will pre- cede the tracts, of the material parts of which it is intended to form an abstract. .... October 20, 1827. My dear Sir, — The interest I expressed to you, about a year ago, in the story of King Charles's escape after the battle of Worcester, has been re- A 2 INTRODUCTION. vived, and much increased by a visit I lately paid to Boscobel and Moseley, two of the principal scenes in that memorable affair ; and my desire is now stronger than ever that some one, qualified both by education and taste for such a task, would under- take to sift all the historical materials relating to it which can be collected, and draw out a complete circumstantial narrative, digested in exact order of time, from the day of the battle to the day of the king's landing in France. The adventure made an early impression on my mind, as being by far the most romantic piece of English history we possess, and one concerning which it is probable that diligent search might yet recover some particulars tending to fill up the chasms left by the treatises already published. Lord Clarendon's reflection, with which he introduces the subject in his own History, is doubtless well known to you. " It is a great pity that there never was a journal made of that miraculous deliverance," &c. (Vol. iii. p. 413.) When Clarendon wrote, Boscobel had indeed been published, but does not seem to have been read by him. It would at least have saved him from the tissue of blunders and inaccura- cies with which his narrative abounds during the first week, as indeed it does in every part. But the king's own narrative, dictated to Pepys, and carefully corrected and completed by him from INTRODUCTION. 3 other living authorities, was not written till more than twenty years after the publication of Boscobel, and was not even then given to the world. The interest in the story, from the change in political feeling which took place after the reign of James II., not less than from the lapse of years, soon began to decline ; nor does it seem to have revived till the beginning of the late reign, when an authentic edition of Pepys's narrative appeared, published from the original manuscript in the library of Magdalen College, Cambridge. In the mean time, and for many years after this publication, Lord Clarendon's History was the source from which people in general took their notions of the whole affair. It was from that book that I first caught, in my boyish days, the interest I have always felt in it — an interest so associated with all my early feelings, that I may be forgiven for ex- pressing something like vexation at the recent tale of the king's adventures at Woodstock, where it was impossible he could have been, or near it, if the story of this memorable escape be true. You know what my opinion is of the genius and talents of the author of whom I thus presume to complain. It is the sense of that genius which enhances my regret. Whenever his pen is employed in filling up the vacant outline of historical truth, in clothing the bare skeleton of recorded facts with natural and 4 INTRODUCTION. probable circumstances, in giving warmth of colour- ing to the portrait of personages long since deceased, and introducing to our familiar acquaintance those stately characters who must always wear some degree of stiffness in the hands of the historian, I feel, as all the world does, the highest admiration of his enchanting powers. But the transaction of which I am speaking would not admit of the exer- cise of these powers, even if the authority of history had been respected. For the truth is here preserved in the minutest details. It is not paucity of mate- rials, but confusion and inaccuracy, that we have to complain of. The fertility of invention would, in this case, have been thrown away. It should be transferred to some barren region, where the land- marks are bold and definite, but the general surface bare. But the fact, I believe, is, that the precise nature of the pleasure we derive from such inquiries, is not rightly understood by the generality of those who write or who read historical romances. It is a province of criticism which appears to have been but little explored, or rather, I should say, altoge- ther unknown in its relation to taste. And yet I am persuaded that under it lies a source of pure intellectual pleasure, springing from the very consti- tution of our minds, and well worthy of being studied in all its peculiarities. There is, undoubt- INTRODUCTION. 5 edly, implanted in us a love of truth, a desire to know what has actually happened, merely because it has happened, independently of the nature or the importance of the things themselves. If the things we hear told be avowedly fictitious, and yet curious, or affecting, or entertaining, we may indeed admire the author of the fiction, and may take pleasure in contemplating the exercise of his skill ; but this is a pleasure of another kind — a pleasure wholly distinct from that which is derived from discovering what was unknown, or clearing up what was doubtful. And even when the narrative is in its own nature such as to please us, and to engage our attention, how greatly is the interest increased if we place entire confidence in its truth! Who has not heard from a child, when listening to a tale of deep interest — who has not often heard the artless and eager question, " Is it true 1 " So strong indeed is this instinct that, if much encouraged and indulged, it sometimes acquires an ascendancy perfectly ridiculous — a passion which is best exemplified, perhaps, in the frivolous pursuits of local antiquaries ; or in violations of the sacred repose of the dead, for the sake of ascertaining some insignificant point, about which history is either contradictory or silent. But being, as it clearly is, an original principle of our nature, it is entitled to its share of cultivation 6 INTRODUCTION. and o( exercise ; and it is never exercised more innocently or rationally than in endeavouring to correct errors, or bring to light facts connected with the principal events of our national history. In this department, the whole value of the object of our search depends upon its truth. Let the histo- rical work be ever so grand, it is better to leave the subordinate parts blank, than to introduce any- thing spurious or of doubtful authority. But when the outline is not only traced with precision and fidelity, but from time to time fresh lines are added, which tend to give fulness and animation to the subject, the value of each successive addition is to be estimated, not merely by its intrinsic importance, but by the improved effect given to all around it. Truth is a quality essential to the whole ; but the accession of each part respectively operates, not as if it were merely added to the compound, but as multiplied into it. You will not, therefore, I trust, think it beneath your care, or foreign to your design, but rather essential to it, to investigate every fact, however minute ; to recover all that is not absolutely lost ; to set every fragment in its right place ; to ascer- tain, with scrupulous exactness, names, dates, and distances ; to verify disputed points ; to separate and reject unauthorised traditions or popular em- bellishments ; — and you will, I hope, seek to adorn INTRODUCTION. 7 the narrative only with views of the present state of the buildings, or other objects mentioned in the story, and with such notices of persons and things as are undoubtedly authentic, and may tend to create an interest in the reader s mind. One thing, indeed, an indefatigable editor, if he has the true antiquarian spirit within him, would not hesitate to attempt, — the connection, wherever it can be made out, of families and individuals now existing with those concerned in this extraordinary transaction. It is this which gives the finishing touch to an antiquarian essay, and which often creates a lively interest in minds otherwise hardly susceptible of such a feeling towards anything that happened a hundred years ago. If self, and things connected with self, be the legitimate source of feeling, we surely may acquire a firmer hold upon the affections of men, by tracing lines of communication between this age and the past ; threads, as it were, which connect the trans- actions of those days with our own perceptions. A pedigree then becomes a sort of conductor to that subtle agent, which usually acts at an elevation beyond the ordinary sphere of mortal feeling ; but when thus brought down, it warms even the dullest bosom with a sympathy for people of remote times. You may perhaps find it difficult to make out this connection with the subordinate agents in the 8 INTRODUCTION. transaction, although I should not altogether despair of success even with them ; but the representatives of the more important characters may, in many instances, be ascertained without much trouble. And if you agree with me in thinking that this is the way to awaken and fix attention to your sub- ject, you will not regard a little trouble as thrown away, however small the result of your inquiries may appear to be when exhibited in the page. But I have already, perhaps, said more than was necessary to rouse you to put your hand to the work; and more than I had any right to say, in the way of advice, to one whose own judgment is sufficient to guide him even in greater undertak- ings. I will therefore add but one word more. It would not be amiss, I think, to reprint the whole of Lord Clarendon's account, as one of the documents relating to this affair. It will furnish an instructive comment upon the critical principle I touched upon early in this letter, and will lead men to reflect upon its truth and its importance. In Clarendon there is no lack of minute and cir- cumstantial detail, but hardly is there a single fact truly stated. All the circumstances, reiterated, as they doubtless were, in the conversation of those days, with variations and transpositions, more or less important, of time, place, person, and name, were set down by him from the mouth of his INTRODUCTION. 9 several informants, in that method which seemed most striking or agreeable. And if it were not for the value of truth, even in the smallest matters, as a principle of taste we might well permit the arrangement to remain undisturbed ; for it certainly has no bad moral effect ; and whether it was John Penderel, or Richard Penderel, who did this or that — whether a remarkable conversation passed at Boscobel, or at Moseley, or at Trent — whether the king's horse lost a shoe on the Tuesday's journey, or the Wednesday's, — the interest of the story is probably as great when told in one way as the other, provided we can divest ourselves of all regard to that principle which I hold to be one of the most congenial with our nature. But if the mind natu- rally revolts from this slovenly system, let us not doubt that the pains we take in establishing the truth even of the smallest circumstances, are far from being puerile or insignificant ; and this speci- men of the noble historian, when carefully compared with your own correct narrative, will show how much may yet be done, by diligence and perseve- rance, in rectifying the historical statements even of our best writers. — I am, my dear Sir, your sincere and affectionate Friend, E. Llakdaff. 10 INTRODUCTION. ANSWER TO THE FOREGOING LETTER. My dear Lord, — I have not been idle since the receipt of your gratifying letter, which has at once stimulated and guided me in investigating, to the best of my power, a subject on which my own recol- lections were a little confused. Much, I think, has already been clearly stated on the matter in question, by the able article in the Retrospective Review, which introduces the Whitgreave manuscript ; but the per- usal of some tracts in the Bodleian and elsewhere, not generally known, inclines me to hope that the subject has not been as yet exhausted ; and that the methodical diary which you recommend may prove not unacceptable. Distrusting, as I still do, my own limited knowledge as to the necessary details, I yet feel strongly tempted to undertake a task whose nature and object you have pointed out so lumin- ously ; but nothing should induce me so to do, if I did not conceive the project consistent with the high esteem and regard which I entertain for the author of Woodstock, for reasons of which you are well aware. I must own that I have somewhat shared in your disappointment at Sir Walter Scott's departure, in this instance, from his usual historical accuracy ; but has not his apology as a novelist been in some degree pronounced by yourself, when you INTRODUCTION. 11 say, " that in the transaction in question the truth is preserved in its minutest details, and that fer- tility of invention would in this instance have been thrown away 1 " It was perhaps from con- ceiving all well-educated persons to be familiarly acquainted with the facts subsequent to the battle of Worcester (in which, perhaps, Sir Walter over- estimates the historical knowledge of his readers), that he yielded to the temptations held out by " the merry devil" of Woodstock, and determined on de- parting from a track where every successive event would have been foreseen. In a case in which he had imagined the possibility of misleading the world in general, I cannot help thinking that he would have strictly adhered to historical truth ; at least he has not abused it more than Paul Veronese did in the Spanish costumes which occupy the front- ground of the celebrated Marriage in Cana ; a whim of art by which Messer Paolo undoubtedly did not intend to delude the public, and which he probably could have explained on those well-known profes- sional principles which allow the quidlibet audendi in certain cases. Be this as it may, the interest ex- cited by Sir Walter's works relating to the period of history in question, is sufficient to justify a matter- of-fact detail of one of its principal episodes, arranged with attention to dates and localities. I know, indeed, of no part of our annals which 1 2 INTRODUCTION. continues to be so familiar a subject of conversation among the commonalty as that connected with " King Charles and the Koyal Oak." In every village directly or indirectly marked by particular incidents of the king's escape, the honest rustics pre- serve their scattered legends in a shape more or less correct, and mixed and transposed as they must necessarily be in many cases : and it is pleasing to witness the yeomanly pride with which, like Catho- lics zealous for the honour of our Lady of some par- ticular shrine, they contend for the appropriation of some well-known incident, as connected with the good and loyal service performed by the companions of their forefathers. This interest is, in most cases, strengthened by the existence of the identical houses where the circumstances in question took place, and of the principal families whose names figure con- spicuously in the tale, as well as by the slightness of difference between our present domestic habits and those of a time commencing, as it were, the more familiar era of dates. And to all ranks, in fact, the occurrences in question are calculated to present one of those pleasing episodes in history, distinct from the wearying details of bloodshed and political in- trigue, which we dwell on with unmixed satisfaction, as reflecting honour on our national good faith, and as brought home to our fancy by those domestic minutice which form so great a charm in the Odys- INTRODUCTION. 13 sey. The reality here presents all those features of romance which the imagination chiefly supplies 'in the Partie de Chasse d' Henri IV., or the incognitos of Haroun Alraschid. The monarch (in none of these instances, it must be owned, the most perfect of characters) is brought in contact, man to man, with the humblest of his subjects, in situations cal- culated to draw forth the good qualities, and show the undisguised feelings of both parties. In our present case, he also bears his part manfully amid the dangers and perplexities occasioned by his so- journ, and even sets the example of decision and presence of mind to his preservers. Certainly, at no time of his life does the character of Charles II. appear to so much advantage as at the period of the battle of Worcester, and his subse- quent escape. The cool and resolute spirit inherited from his father, which showed itself during the most hopeless crisis of the engagement, was alike con- spicuous in the circumstances of his flight, and was united with a presence of mind equally distinct from over-caution and temerity. Nor does that easy good- humour, which was one of his best traits, and sat more gracefully upon him than on his grandfather, ever appear to have forsaken him when most pressed by adverse fortune. And had the vigilance of his pursuers, or the treachery of his associates, brought him to the fate which he sought in vain at 1-i INTRODUCTION. the head of his disunited forces, it would have been as fortunate for his character, as it would have proved to his brother's reputation to have fallen by the side of the brave Lord Muskerry. History would, in either case, have lost a theme of repro- bation in a bad king, and gained as respectable a hero as many whom it has thought fit to im- mortalise. The romantic associations suggested by Highland names and scenery, together with the daring nature of the enterprise terminated by the battle of Cullo- den, have impressed the escape of the Chevalier more strongly on the imagination than the events of Boscobel ; but neither in the merit of the princi- pal characters concerned, nor the imminent nature of the dangers incurred, can it, in my opinion, claim the precedence. In resource, presence of mind, and high personal character, the beautiful Jane Lane (as her best authenticated portrait proves her to have been) may fully challenge a parallel with the more poetical name of Flora Macdonald. Nor do the sturdy brotherhood of Penderel, bold and stanch to a man, who staked their homesteads and families, as well as their lives, on the event of their royal service, lose by comparison with the Caterans of the cave of Corambian, who, as old Hugh of Chisholm frankly allowed, were outlawed men, and could make no use of the reward offered. I shall not, INTRODUCTION. 15 however, attempt to depreciate the real disinter- estedness of these " honest thieves," nor determine which of the two narratives is most gratifying to national pride. One striking circumstance in both is, that so many persons acquainted with the features of the fugitive princes (remarkable in each instance) preserved an unbidden silence as to their accidental rencontres. It seems pretty well agreed, that Charles Edward was wanting to himself and his cause at the battle of Culloden ; a fault which cannot be alleged against Charles II. on the day of Worcester, though as many circumstances had occurred previously to break and depress his spirit. In no particular, indeed, were the latter lives of either of these princes equal to their outset. Adversity may, indeed, afford a salu- tary discipline either to a monarch in possession of his throne, like Charles VII. of France, or to a private man trusting to his own exertions for the amend- ment of his prospects. But an exiled prince, who can neither dig nor beg, whose poverty cannot shel- ter itself in a corner, and whose very bread depends upon the favour of some insolent foreign minister, is likely either to sink into hopeless despondency, or, if of a more hardy and stirring temper, to learn impressions unfavourable to singleness of mind and high principle, from the means which he must court to rise again. Thus we observe that Charles 16 INTRODUCTION. Edward sunk into drunkenness and premature dotage ; while his great-uncle returned from his ten years' foreign sojourn an adept in dissimulation as well as vice. I do not think you will imagine, from anything I have said, that it is my purpose to attempt a de- fence of the character of Charles II. Enough has already been heard of the middle and latter part of his life, and history has passed a just sentence on him, which it would be as vain to combat, as to re- vive the vindication of Eichard III/s humanity and comeliness, which failed even in the hands of Lord Orford. It is, however, but justice to allow, that no man could better deserve, as a public character, the flattering reception which is considered so great an aggravation of his demerits. Without inquiring whether Pere d'Orleans is right as to the king's voluntary rejection of the magnificent income which would have made him independent of his subjects, it is at least certain that he discountenanced the attempt to obtain it. The disbanding of the troops in Scotland, the dismantling of the Scots fortresses, the rigid adherence to the manifesto of Breda, in spite of the zeal of his first ultra-loyal parliament, the abandonment of the projected order of the Eoyal Oak, and the invitation of the puritan divines to the conference of the Savoy, all betoken the same right constitutional spirit, exercised, as it must have been INTBODUCTION. 17 in most instances, at the expense of his own wishes and prejudices. But no person of reflection can suppose that, under the political circumstances of that day, the enthusiasm excited by Charles I17s reception could last long. A heavy reckoning was in store, after the first burst of joyous feasting ; or (if such a parallel appear to you too homely) it was like one of those brilliant mornings during unsettled weather, which afford clear indication to an experienced eye that the storms of yesterday are brewing again in the horizon. When the bonfires had burnt themselves out, and the natural contagion of novelty had sub- sided, all the elements of contention which arose from an ill-defined prerogative, an unsettled ecclesi- astical polity, the disappointed hopes of the more zealous cavaliers, and the mortified pride of the re- publicans, who had admitted the king as a choice of evils, were in full force and turbulence again. The case seems parallel with the delicate and difficult position in which Louis XVIII. was placed, on his accession to the throne of France, save that the popular spirit had not been broken, as in the latter instance, by the continued evils of war. With his past experience of his father's fate, the king must have felt that his own crown did not sit securely on his- head, and that his nearest relative was the subject of the bitterest religious and political B 18 INTRODUCTION. animosity, from circumstances which his preroga- tive could not control. To appease the bulk of the nation, whose moral sense was perhaps never stronger than at this time, and to win the confidence which high personal worth must always command, might have been a task practicable to a master-spirit, schooled like Edward VI. by habits of early piety and discipline ; a monarch firm without harshness, constant to his purpose, and patiently devoted to the kingly work of a long life. It is needless to remark how totally unfitted for the formation of such a character must have been the circumstances of Charles's early career, commenced as it were in boot and saddle, at a time when the education of princes in general has not terminated, amid the license of a camp and the collision of turbulent spirits. The date of Monmouth's birth shows that his habits of libertinism had commenced at an early age ; nor were his religious impressions likely to be improved either by his experience of Catholic courts, or the example of the strictest professors of the Pro- testant faith ; by the ferocious fanatics of the com- monwealth who hunted him as an enemy, or the Covenanters who, prepared alike to use, sacrifice, or degrade him into a puppet, as might best suit their purpose, coupled their scanty dole of observance with the most coarse and galling indignities. After this unfavourable preparation, strengthened INTBODUCTION. 1 9 in its effect by a long exile, he returned a latitu- dinarian in religion and morals, and a stranger to the mass of his subjects. He must soon have found that his constitutional obligingness of temper, and the natural sense of justice which may be fairly inferred from the first actions of his reign, were not sufficient to meet so arduous a crisis, unsupported by more solid stamina of character. Unable to change his nature at thirty, he soon sunk under a task too great for his powers and habits. Dissimulation, the vice of slaves in general, and more peculiarly so of the most complete of all slaves, a coerced and sus- pected king, was at hand as a resource from the per- sonal danger which Oates's plot must have shown him to be of no chimerical nature ; and its lessons had been long ago made familiar to him during the bondage of the Covenanters. And it is probable that Louis XIV., the most accomplished gentleman of his age, and nearly connected with the English throne by the ties of blood, well knew how to mask his mischievous assistance under the guise of rela- tionship, and to soften its humbling conditions by every artifice of good-breeding. It nowhere appears, I think, that the purpose of Charles extended to the establishment of the Catho- lic religion in this country.* His natural sense, * Nothing can afford a stronger contrast to the apostasy of Charles's latter years than his private instructions and letters to 20 INTRODUCTION. and his indifference to religion in general, as well as his dying injunctions to his brother James, alike tend to refute this suspicion. His only purpose seems to have been, aware as he was of James's impracticable bigotry, to spare future civil bloodshed, and pre- serve the succession undisturbed by questions as to the faith of the reigning monarch ; and perhaps to die quietly himself in the profession of a creed so accommodating to loose livers. Be this as it may, some excuse for the tyrannical acts of his latter reign may be sought in the personal degradation which he had suffered during the zenith of Oates, in the treachery of Shaftsbury, and the ingratitude of his favourite son Monmouth. More is made of his brother James, extracted from Thurloe's State Papers by- Lord Hailes, among other letters in the Appendix to the King's Narrative. In the Instructions, dated Cologne, July 1654, he " I have told you what the queen (Henr. M.) hath promised me concerning my brother Harry in point of religion, and I have given him charge to inform you if any attempt shall be made upon him to the contrary, in which case you will take the best care you can to prevent his being wrought upon, since you cannot but know how much you and I are concerned in it." Again, in his letter from the same place, Nov. 1654, — " Dear Brother, — I have received yours without a date, in which you mention that Mr Montague has endeavoured to per- vert you in your religion. I do not doubt but you remember very well the commands I left with you at my going away INTRODUCTION. 21 his well-known sarcasm on Lord Kussell than it deserves, extorted as it was by the galling recollec- tion of Lord Stafford's judicial murder.* It was at least a statement of the plain truth, and coupled with a mitigating act of the royal prerogative towards one whom even his friends admit to have tampered with the Eye-House conspirators to some extent. On the charge of personal ingratitude it is much more easy to clear the king's character, in reference to the services performed during his escape. A familiar idea of the claims of some of the dis- appointed tories may be formed from Addison's amusing paper t (allowing always for his party concerning that point, and am confident you will observe them ; yet the letters that come from Paris say that it is the queen's purpose to do all she can to change your religion, which, if you hearken to her or anybody else in that matter, you must never think to see me or England again. .... And whensoever anybody shall go to dispute with you in religion, do not answer them all ; for though you may have the reason on your side, yet they, being prepared, will have the advantage of anybody that is not on the same security as they are. If you do not consider what I say to you, remember the last words of your dead father, which were — to be constant to your religion, and never to be shaken in it, which if you do not observe, this shall be the last time you will ever hear from, dear brother, your most affectionate brother, " Chaeles R." * See the Life of Lord Russell, by his descendant, Lord John Russell. t Spectator, No. 629. 22 INTRODUCTION. prejudices), exactly in unison with a petition from some superannuated patentee, which I have seen in the journals of the House of Commons of that period. It may be fairly supposed, that a king restored by the sufferance of a powerful and jealous political party, and fettered in his resources by his adherence to previous pledges, stands merely as the representative of a cause, and possesses no more the power of providing for a twentieth part of his adherents, than the successful candidate at an elec- tion has the means of gratifying the bulk of his constituents. Had Charles even been free from the profusion which devoured his scanty revenues, he would probably have found it a measure as imprac- ticable as unpopular, to display a marked liberality to the cavaliers in general. This the more high- minded probably felt as the necessary consequence of a civil war, whose reversionary evils are second only to its actual ones ; while the king, conscious that his gratitude must be as limited as his means, drew the line of recompense in favour of those whose loyalty to his own immediate person had been unequivocally proved under their own roofs, whose bread he had eaten, and whose lives he had endangered. It would have cost Charles nothing, and gratified his personal pride, to have placed his name among these faithful adherents, as patron of the projected order of the Eoyal Oak. This idea, INTRODUCTION. 23 we know, was abandoned to avoid the perpetuation of party feeling ; but it clearly appears tliat no claim, preferred on the grounds of which we speak, was left ungratifled by a solid recompense, accom- panied in some instances, and probably in all, by testimonies of the king's esteem. Nor is it impro- bable that Buckingham and the younger Eochester might have owed much of the indulgence with which they were treated, the one to his own former partnership in danger, and the other to his father's memory ; for a congenial taste in libertinism seldom serves as an apology in the eyes of a sovereign for such ungovernable insolence as characterised both these minions. At all events, Charles's conduct to the Penderels, and other families connected with the present nar- rative, exhibits a great contrast to his cold and pusillanimous behaviour in the case of Blood and Edwards.* No trait, perhaps, more strongly displays the moral scepticism and total perversion of feeling, which was the final consequence of his vices, than * In the accounts of secret-service money disbursed for the Crown during ten years terminating a. d. 1688, upwards of <£1800 is entered as paid to different members of the Penderel family, grandchildren included, in the shape of bounties, ad- vances to assist their furtherance in life, and otherwise. See a tract edited by John Yonge Akerman, Esq., Secretary and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, from documents furnished by William Selby Lowndes, Esq. 24 INTRODUCTION. that he should have bestowed on the most insolent of ruffians the reward withheld from the trusty servant who had defended his regalia from that very ruffian, at the risk of his own life. From this circumstance alone, I frankly own to you, that I give up the monarch of Whitehall both as a king and a gentleman, retaining, however, some little partiality for him as the fugitive hero of those memoirs which I will now specify to you as the proposed materials of my short Diary."* * In the British Museum is a broadsheet, entitled " A Mad Designe, or a Description of the King of Scots marching in disguise after the rout at Worcester, with the particulers where he was, and what he and his company did, every day and night, after he fled from Worcester." London, printed by Robert Ibbit- son, 1651 ; with the day of the month, " November 6th," below in MS. This, the Roundhead account, is fictitious throughout j but it is curious to see how near they had arrived to the truth with respect to the " riding as a servant before a lady," and the temporary occupation of a tree as an asylum. The sheet contains a caricature (the " Mad Designe"), satirising King- Charles's expedition, in which " Duke Hambleton" figures conspicuously. The following extract from the letterpress con- tains all that relates to the King's escape, — " 6. The Scots King's flight represented by the fool on horse- back, riding backward, and turning his face every way in feares, ushered by Duke Hambleton and the Lord Wilmot, the par- ticulers of which perambulation was thus : "1. While he called upon Duke Hambleton to stirre up his men to keep the royall fort at Worcester, September 3, himselfe gave the slip to his lodging, and fetched away the richest trea- sure he could presently come at. INTRODUCTION, 25 1. The narrative dictated by the king to Pepys, printed originally by Lord Hailes, sixty or seventy years ago, from the authentic MSS. in the library of Magdalen College, Cambridge ; together with other letters from Charles to different persons. 2. Boscobel, first and second parts, by Thomas Blount, a Catholic lawyer, and sufferer in the royal cause, in which, also, he is said to have borne arms. He is mentioned more particularly both by Watt and Chalmers. The first part of Boscobel is well *' 2. Whilst Major Cobbet was eutring on one side of his house, he escaped out at a back doore on the other, and about 7 o'clock that night, with a party of horse posted away from Worcester, flying towards Scotland. " 3. The next day, being September 4th, Charles Stuart, the Scots King, with the Duke of Buckingham and the Lord Wilmot, came to a countryman's house in Cheshire that stood alone, and asked for victuals. The man told them he had none fit to entertain his Majesty ; but if they pleased to light, he would get what the country would afford ; but seeing them- selves discovered, they were afraid, and yet being very hungry and dry, asked for anything they had, and some cold powthered beefe was brought to them. The Scots King drunke off a flagon of beere, and, with a peece of bread in one hand, and of beefe in the other, the others also having got each a slice, away they all rid, and that morning marched into the borders of Lancashire, and all that day after lay close in a hollow tree, turning loose their horses at a farre distance before they came to the place where they resided. " 4. On the 4th of September, at night, they came like so many hermits or Diogeneses, out of their tubs, and went a pilgrimage all that night on foot. 26 INTRODUCTION. known as a popular work, which appeared soon after the restoration, and was translated into Por- tuguese at the desire of Queen Catherine. The second part, which appeared many years subse- quently, is more scarce ; and the different editions of the work, several of which I have inspected, generally consist of the first part, engrafted some- " 5. The next day, September 5, they betooke themselves to hide them in a wood, and got among thickets to hide them- selves as well as they could, and got some hips and hawes, and such things as they could conveniently get (without venturing too farre) in the wood, where every noyse put them into a feare of being surprised. " 6. On the fifth of September, at night, they went on their journey. "7. On the ninth of September they came early in the morn- ing to a shepherd's tent, which they surprised, and called the shepherd, who, when he had opened the doores, they kept him in the house, and would not let him goe out nor his wife, but discoursed about the gentry thereabouts ; by means whereof they came to know that a lady, in which they had some confidence, lived neare, whither they hasted with all speed, and the Lord Wilmote comming to the doore, got admittance to the lady, and prevailed with her to give them all possible assistance ; and the Scots King being come to the lady, and having saluted her, they sate in counsell to consider how the businesse should be ordered, and it was agreed and accordingly done. " 1st, That they should have their haire cut in the country fashion, like plaine country fellows, which was done accordingly. " 2d, That they should weare plaine country - fashioned clothes, which were presently got for them. INTRODUCTION. 27 times with the abridged matter of the second, and sometimes with matter from other books of more or less credit. That which I have adopted is a dupli- cate of the copy in the Ashmolean Museum, in the possession of our liberal friend, Mr Parker of Oxford, who has allowed me its free use. It was published in 1725, conjointly with the Claustrum Regale " 3d, That they should be reputed servants to the said lady. " 4th, That in this pretence she should goe with them to Bristol or some other port, to endeavour the transport- ing them beyond the seas. " 8. On the seventh and eighth dayes of September they lay there and waited on the lady in severall offices and places, and the Scots King himself stood bare before her, when he waited on her as well as the rest. " 9. On the ninth of September they took an intended voyage for Bristol, and the Scots King rid before the lady on one horse, the Duke of Buckingham before her gentlewoman upon another horse, and the Lord Wilmot as her groom upon an horse by himselfe. " 10. About the middle of September they got to Bristol, but they heard in their • inne so great a talke what search was made after them, that they presently tooke horse, not daring to stay there, and away they came for London. "11. About the twentyeth of September they got to London, and went abroad, sometimes in the mornings and at evenings, but generally lay very close all day ; and the Scots King and Wilmot waited upon the lady at one lodging, and the Duke of Buckingham waited as a servingman to the gentlewoman at another. " 12. About the latter end of September the Scots King with the lady came to see his souldiers in the Tuttle Fields at 28 INTRODUCTION. Reseratum, which Watt, in his herculean Bibliotheca Britannica, mentions as " a scarce and high-prized curiosity/' and seems groundlessly to suppose that Blount took a part in composing or editing it. The tract was published originally in 1681, written by the wife, or, as Collinson thinks, the sister, of Colonel Francis Wyndham, and describes minutely Westminster, and the lady threw them some monies, but they stayed not. " 13. Another day the Scots King came into Westminster Hall, and viewed the States Armes over the places of judicatory, and viewed the Scots colours hanging on both sides the Hall that were taken from his father and from him. " 14. The Lord Wilmot procured a merchant to hire a ship of forty tuns to transport them, which cost them <£120. " 15. About the middle of October, having taken leave of, and thanked the lady with many salutations and promises, to Gravesend they went, and from thence on and a-shipboard. "16. As soon as my Lord was entered the barque, and the King as his servant, the master of the vessel came to my Lord and told him that he knew the King, and told him that in case it should be known he would expect no mercy ; which saying troubled them, but, at length, what with money and promises, they prevailed, and so set saile for Havre de Grace, where they landed, and from thence to Eoven, where they cloathed them- selves and writ to Paris." SUBSTANCE OF THE SCOTS KING S SPEECH. [from the same.] "The Scots King told them [the Duke of Orleans, the late Queen, river, <&oat/-/7/tnk, JGmtgtrrriery. (7. Fleefoootls Z>Lv?scem. J^ . JfamJgom&rys Threes. -F. (Turrless JOuris Uoctyr. 6r. Gen? 2?a2ye//J rfrtyaj^ DIARY. . 39 became more close and furious, under the eye of Cromwell, who had left Perry Wood to command the pontoniers and the column destined to support them. Montgomery, after maintaining his post till his ammunition was expended, was forced to abandon Powick Bridge in disorder ; and the protector, hav- ing at the same time overpowered the equally gal- lant defence offered by Pitscottie and his handful of men, threw his column over the Severn, to strengthen the right flank of the pursuers. Leaving Mont- gomery in full retreat towards the city, and bidding " the Lord of Hosts to go with " his victorious de- tachment, Cromwell returned to his original post at Eed Hill and Perry Wood, where his presence gave the signal for a redoubled cannonade on the fort royal and neighbouring outposts. The king, harassed, by the superiority of the enemy's artillery, and perceiving himself wedged into a dangerously narrow space by the retreat of Mont- gomery, boldly marched out to attack Cromwell in his intrenchments, with the Highlanders and his best infantry, seconded by the English cavaliers. So resolute was the onset of the royalists, led by Charles in person, that the republicans at first gave way before them, abandoning a part of their cannon. " One hour of Montrose," at the head of the 3000 horse whom a few minutes might have brought to the charge, had perhaps retrieved the fortune of the 40 DIAEY. day ; but Lesley, who commanded this important force, induced either by treachery or distrust, kept them stationary in the rear, until the infantry, hav- ing expended their ammunition, and being reduced to fight with the but-ends of their muskets, gave way before the reserves poured in by the protector, and fell back into the city with the loss of their best leaders. The Duke of Hamilton and Sir John Douglas were both mortally wounded ; and Sir Alexander Forbes, disabled by a shot through both his legs, was taken prisoner. While the republicans, who followed closely on the rear of the routed infantry, were storming the fort royal near Sidbury Gate, the king, finding his entrance on horseback obstructed by the overturn of an ammunition waggon, got into the city on foot ; and putting off his heavy armour, rode up and down the streets on a fresh horse, calling the officers and men by their names, and in vain urging Lesley and his cavalry to face the enemy for the first time. " I had rather/' said he, " that you would shoot me, than keep me alive to see the sad con- sequences of this fatal day." In the mean time, however, General Dalyell's brigade, stationed at St John's, had laid down their arms,* after a faint * It appears from the king's letter " to Toni Dalyell," dated Cologne, 1654, in Lord Hailes's Collection, that this general DIARY. 41 resistance, before the republican column on the western bank of the Severn, and the battle was now confined to the city, which the enemy began to enter on all sides. For some time an unequal contest was kept up, wherever the royal forces could be drawn to a head. Lord Rothes and Sir William Hamilton maintained the Castle Hill until fair conditions of surrender were offered to them, and a body of English defended the town-hall as long as it was tenable ; while Lord Cleveland, Colonel enjoyed his esteem and confidence subsequently to the battle of Worcester. Dalyell's ultra-loyalty and desperate valour are, besides, so well known, as to render it a necessary inference that he was not seconded by his men ; which in some degree clears the otherwise inexplicable conduct of Lesley, a person certainly not suspected of cowardice. The probability is that many among the Scottish army, who would have fought with spirit in the defence of their own country, considered the English expe- dition as a hopeless act of desperation on the part of the young king ; a conclusion which the scanty muster on the Pitchcroft would confirm in the minds of the best informed. It is but fair, therefore, to infer that Lesley, who appears from the first to have despaired of the success of the Worcester campaign, was better acquainted with the disaffection of his Covenanters than he chose to confess, and distrusting their efficiency in a pitched battle, determined on reserving the horse unbroken, to cover the king's retreat upon his resources in Scotland; a measure which was frustrated by Charles's natural indignation and mistrust, and which would in all probability have failed. Valeat quantum valet. His known character for caution renders this as natural a solution as treachery or jealousy of Middleton. 42 DIARY. Wogan,* Major Carlis, and other royalist gentle- men, rallying around them a few resolute troopers, made repeated and destructive charges on the plun- * This was probably the Wogan immortalised by the beau- tiful verses in Waverley. According to Clarendon, he was pro- moted early in life to the command of Ormond's guards, after his accession to the royalist cause on the death of Charles I., which probably would have given him a rank superior to his commission of captain of horse under Ireton. And as far as appears from the order of dates and circumstances in the His- tory of the Kebellion, the abortive attempt of Glencairn and Middleton, chiefly marked by Wogan's daring exploit and death, must have taken place subsequently to the battle of Worcester. " The noble Wogan, who from France had, by the way of Durham and Barwick, and through a fayer in open day, marched into Scotland, and had joyned with those Scotch Royalists, and done excellent service in beating up of quarters and attempting them in all their marchings and advances, came now at last to his end, Providence having reserved this honorable destiny for him, that he alone of all the English of note should fall in his Majesty's last quarrel in the kingdom of Scotland, the manner thus : Being abroad with a party of some 60 English, he met with Capt. Elsenore's lieutenant, ranging upon the same adventure with some more than his number near Drummond and Weems, and fell upon him, and after a sharp and stout conflict (for they were armed with back and brest, and were veterane blades, and never fled before) routed them, but was wounded himself with a tuck, whereof, not long after, he died, and was buried in great state and lamentation with a military funeral in the Church of Kenmore ; and Capt. Ker, a valiant Scot, was killed with him. The said lieutenant was killed also upon the place, with 30 of the men, to accompany the fate of the noble person, so that he fell not unrevenged. DIARY. 43 dering parties of the enemy, " filling the streets with the bodies of horses and men." * About fifty of this sacred battalion, with Wogan at their head, after effectually covering the king's retreat, joined him at six in the evening at Barbon s Bridge, about a mile out of the town.t Here Charles, surveying the still unbroken appearance of Lesley's horse, who had taken little or no share in the struggle, faced about, and meditated a fresh charge, to retrieve the fortune of the day. From this hazardous step, how- ever, he was soon dissuaded by Buckingham and his Great indignation there was against Robinson the surgeon that drest him, for his neglect of him, the Earl of Athol having threatened to kill him ; so dearly was this hero beloved by that nation who constantly envied the worth of gallantry of ours. And here we must leave him till some grateful learned Muse shall sing the honorable atchievements and most laudable high actions of this famous and renowned Captain." — Chronicle of the late intestine War, by James Heath, Gent., second edition, small folio, 1676 ; with a Continuation to that date by J. P., p. 355. From the same work it appears that Wogan first went over to the king during Middleton's expedition from Scotland. He had subsequently distinguished himself under Ormond at Bagot- Rath, and also against Cromwell in person, whom he is said (p. 245) to have baffled by his gallantry at Duncannon. Colo- nel Zaney took him prisoner in an unsuccessful attempt on Passage Fort ; but how he escaped, and was again in arms, is not mentioned. The dates in this book are, generally, very con- fused.— R. H. B. * Prisoner at Chester's letter. t See Boscobel. The Letter from Chester states, that they remained at bay in the town till midnight. 44 DIARY. more faithful adherents, who represented that the infantry, on whom the principal struggle and loss had fallen, were nearly annihilated,* and that Les- ley's horse, who had already begun to show symp- toms of mutiny and desertion, could only be kept to their ranks in a retrograde movement. Nothing, therefore, now remained but the alternative of escape : the question was, in what direction this could best be accomplished. The first impulse of the king was to take refuge in London ; but finding himself sup- ported in this project by none excepting Lord Wil- mot, he decided on retreating to the northward. Accordingly, having separated himself from the main body of horse, and the crowd of stragglers who embarrassed their retreat, Charles, accom- panied by about sixty of his most trusty adherents, rode off on the road to Kidderminster. At Kinver Heath, five or six miles from the latter town, they first came to a halt, rinding that the local knowledge of their guide began to fail him in the dusk of the evening ; and, after a short consultation, determined on escorting the king to Lord Derby's former place of refuge at Boscobel House, whither Mr Charles Giffard undertook to conduct them. The most im- mediate danger was apprehended at Stourbridge, * D'Orl&ms states that 3000 men were killed and 5000 taken. DIARY. 45 where a troop of the enemy's horse were stationed : by dint, however, of extreme caution, they contrived to pass through this place about midnight, without giving the alarm, and to obtain some refreshment for the king at a house on the other side of the town. From hence they proceeded to White Ladies, a house belonging to the Giffard family, which they reached by break of day, bringing the king's horse, by way of precaution, into the hall. Here news was brought to hirn that Lesley's cavalry had rallied in full force on the heath near Tong Castle, and it was suggested to the king to join this force, with a view of insuring his retreat into Scotland. This advice Charles ab- solutely rejected, indignant at their recent conduct, and "knowing," in his own words, "that men who had deserted him when they were in good order, would never stand to him when they had been beaten : " an opinion which the event fully justified. Having taken his resolution to consult his safety alone, he was accordingly recommended by Mr Giffard to the good offices of his retainers, Eichard and William Penderel, whose fidelity Lord Derby had already experienced during his temporary shelter. Being divested of his buff coat, his George,* and other ornaments, and disguised in a leathern doublet and * In Zouch's Life of Walton the curious circumstances as to the preservation of this ornament are spoken of. Blount, how- ever, has been sufficiently minute on the subject. 46 DIARY. woodman's suit belonging to these honest yeomen, the king parted from his devoted band of followers, " who took leave of him," says the narrative, " with sad hearts, but hearty prayers ; n Lord Derby espe- cially commending him to the good faith of his former host. Under the guidance of the brothers, Charles quitted White Ladies by a back door, it being now broad day, and took refuge in a wood called Spring Coppice, on the Boscobel demesne. The noblemen and gentlemen who had accompanied him, wishing of their own accord to remain in ignorance of the place of his retread " because they knew not what they might be forced to con- fess," rode off with the intention of joining Lesley's horse on the northern road. In this attempt Lord Derby and most of the rest were taken prisoners by the enemy ; but the Duke of Buckingham, Lord Leviston, and a few more, escaped in different directions, and, after a series of vicissitudes, ulti- mately effected their passage into France. The horse under Lesley, as inefficient in retreat as in battle, were shortly dispersed by a comparatively trifling force of republican cavalry, and destroyed or captured in detail by the enemy's scouts and the peasantry of the northern counties. In the mean time the king, and Lord Wilmot, who remained in the immediate neighbourhood, in the hope of rendering him some assistance, enjoyed DIARY. 47 comparative security under the protection of the Penderel family. This loyal brotherhood had for- merly consisted of six. George and Thomas, the latter of whom fell at Edgehill, had served in the army of Charles I. At the time of the battle of Worcester, the five survivors were living as tenants of the GifFard family, on the demesnes of Boscobel and White Ladies, then annexed to the principal mansion of Chillington. William Penderel resided with his wife in Boscobel House, Eichard with his mother at Hobbal Grange, Humphry at the mill of White Ladies, and John and George in neighbour- ing cottages, occupying small portions of land, in payment of their services as woodmen. Having deposited Lord Wilmot at Mr Huntbach/s house at Brinsford, John Penderel instantly proceeded to Wolverhampton, to secure him some more perma- nent hiding-place. Eeturning from his unsuccessful errand, he met Mr Hodleston, a Catholic priest residing with Mr Whitgreave at Moseley Hall, in the vicinity of the town, and in the habit of visit- ing White Ladies ; to whom he communicated the first news of the event of the battle, and the situation of his guest. " Would Mr Whitgreave," said he, " undertake to secure him V "I will take you to him, and you shall see," was the answer. Mr Whitgreave, who, as well as Hodleston, had served in the army of Charles I., lost no time in 48 DIARY. waiting on Lord Wilmot, whom he appointed to receive into his house at midnight. While this was passing, the situation of the fugitive king in Spring Coppice was as comfortless as fortune could well have devised to " physic pomp." After a day spent in battle, and a night in flight, the morning of the 4th of September found Charles a solitary fugitive, seeking a shelter, like a hunted animal, from the inclemency of the weather and the fury of his pursuers, whose distant alarms alone interrupted his leisure for bitter reflec- tions. Part of his discomforts ^was soon removed by the care of Eichard Penderel, who brought from the house of Yates, his brother-in-law, a blanket to serve as a seat on the wet ground, attended by the good-wife Yates, with a mess of butter, milk, and eggs, which she had hastily prepared. Being tole- rably refreshed, and cheered by the assurances of the good woman, " that she would rather die than discover him," Charles passed the rest of the clay couched on his blanket at the foot of a tree. During the whole morning the rain, which only fell partially elsewhere, poured down incessantly in Spring Cop- pice, a circumstance singular enough, and one which diverted the attention of the pursuers from the king's hiding-place. At the fall of night, Charles, having supped and completed his rustic disguise at Hobbal Grange, the house of Eichard Penderel, ac- Cmmlt w Cmairimes m' 3 ?'* J© UTMHMir, i ''•■ j aCi/yzrtcfirte tirslfr Catjr aSctt'czms TrentL. ■ aStvcrlm-rvc LOJTDOM /lie/msrfiir/ze/ DIARY. 49 companied the latter, with the intention of crossing the Severn at Madeley, and seeking a refuge among the loyalists of Wales, from which quarter it was judged that he might escape to France with the least suspicion. At Evelin Mill they were chal- lenged in the dark by the miller, who, unknown to Penderel, was at that moment entertaining a party of royalist fugitives in his house. Little dreaming of the real character of this honest fellow, who, equally suspicious on his own part, rushed boldly out to seize the supposed roundhead spies, the king and Penderel ran precipitately off, and soon escaped the miller s pursuit. At midnight they reached the house of Mr Wolfe, a royalist gentleman residing at Madeley, about seven miles from Boscobel ; whom they found alarmed for the safety of his son (then a prisoner at Shrewsbury), and indisposed, as he declared, to risk his own safety for any one less than the king. In this dilemma, Penderel judged it best to disclose the real quality of his guest, who, though startled at first by this bold step, found no reason to repent the confidence placed in the old cavalier. Every attention was instantly paid to the king's wants ; and as the hiding-places belonging to the house had been discovered on former occasions, it was thought most prudent to provide him with a shelter in the barn, among a heap of straw. Meantime Lord Wilmot, under the guidance of D 50 DIARY. Mr Huntbach, reached Moseley Hall a little after midnight, having left his horses at Brinsford for security, and was conducted by Mr Whitgreave to the priest's hiding-place, then a necessary appendage to a Catholic gentleman's house. " I would give a world," said the faithful nobleman, his mind revert- ing to the king's precarious condition, " that my friend were here." Who this friend was, he had not thought it prudent as yet to reveal to his host. Friday, Sept. 5. — During the rest of the pre- vious night, and the whole of this day, the king, completely exhausted by the previous forty-eight hours of toil and watching, enjoyed his humble shelter in Mr Wolfe's barn. In the evening, as if to reward the good faith of the old royalist, young Wolfe unexpectedly returned from his captivity, in time to deliberate with his father and Penderel as to the fittest course for their guest to pursue. It appeared that two companies of militia were stationed in the town of Madeley, besides outposts, who had seized on the bridges and boats on the Severn adjoining, and whose vigilance rendered any secret passage of that river impracticable. Accord- ingly, an hour before midnight, Charles returned to Boscobel under the guidance of Penderel, Mrs Wolfe having completed his disguise by staining his face and hands " of a reeky colour," with walnut leaves. To evade the formidable miller of Evelin, they DIARY. 51 judged it best to ford a small stream, where Charles, being the best swimmer of the two, acted as the pioneer. During this day Lord Wilmot, through the acti- vity of John Penderel, had found means of communi- cation with Colonel Lane of Bentley Hall, a known and sure loyalist, who towards the evening waited on that nobleman with the proffer of his house and services. It was determined that Mrs Jane Lane, sister to this gentleman, who was on the point of setting out on a visit to her friend, Mrs Norton of Abbotsleigh, near Bristol, under a pass available for herself and one male attendant, should convey Wilmot, disguised in that capacity, to the point in question. Saturday, Sept. 6. — About five in the morning, Charles and his guide arrived at Boscobel, hearing at John Penderel's house, in their way, the news that Lord Wilmot had found an asylum at Moseley Hall, about eight miles distant, and that Major Carlis, the hero of Worcester (who, as Blount states, " had seen the last man killed there"), had taken refuge in Boscobel Wood, judging his paternal resi- dence of Brom Hall, in the neighbourhood, an unsafe retreat. After a hasty refreshment, the king and Carlis concealed themselves in a large and bushy pollard oak, about a furlong or less on the south- east side of Boscobel House, and commanding rather 52 DIARY. a more open view than the trees which surrounded it. Here they remained during the day, the king enjoying intervals of dozing on a cushion which the Penderels had provided, his head resting on Carlis's lap. The circumstances of this crisis appear to have made a very distinct impression on Charles's recol- lection. Concealed as he was within a small dis- tance of the ground, the slightest motion or noise must have betrayed him to the patrols of the enemy, whom he every now and Hhen discovered searching closely in the neighbouring covert, as he ventured to peep through the low, close branches of his asylum. Evening, however, put an end to this more imminent danger, and allowed him to enjoy a substantial supper in Boscobel House, prepared by the good- wife, Joan Penderel. For greater security, a pallet was made up for him in the small closet already described as Lord Derby's hiding-place. In this confined space, about Hve feet square, Charles, at some inconvenience to his limbs, passed an undis- turbed night. This same evening, Lord Wilmot, concluding from John Penderel's last report that the king had passed the Severn, removed from Moseley to Bentley Hall, at Colonel Lane's invitation. Sunday, Sept. 7. — This morning Major Carlis, a person fertile in the expedients of a campaign, was early on the alert to provide, without suspicion, a substantial breakfast for his master, whose return- DIARY. 53 ing appetite had exhausted the good- wife Joan's * scanty resources. Accompanied by William Pen- derel, who, with his brothers, had been on the watch during the night, to prevent surprise from the enemy's scouts, the major repaired soon after daybreak to a neighbouring sheepfold, and stuck with his dagger the best wether, which Penderel brought home on his back. In the mean time Charles had also risen at an early hour, to reconnoitre the road from Tong to Brewood, from the window * The identity of " Dame Joane" has been unaccountably disputed by the curious. The tombstone at White Ladies, inscribed with her quaint epitaph, which D. Parkes discovered in the year 1792, has disappeared, and is probably in the close keeping of some neighbouring antiquary. Parkes merely men- tions (Gentleman's Magazine, LXII.) that he had discovered Dame Joane's tombstone, supposing, doubtless, that his readers must have been aware of her being twice mentioned by Blount as the good- wife of Boscobel, William Penderel's abode. She has, however, been mistaken by some for his sister, Frances Yates, and by others for his mother, who lived with her son Richard at Hobbal Grange ; and in the following Number (LXIII.) of the Gentleman's Magazine, some anile ally of the worthy Sylvanus, after professing himself in the dark as to Dame Joane's surname, repeats the ubiquitous legend of the spit, on the authority of " an ancient person of veracity lately deceased," who had the relation from her grandmother, as having happened at Boscobel. The " severe blow on the back," which the king, it seems, received from Joan, made but little impression on his memory ; and Blount identifies the adventure as having hap- pened in Mr Tombs's kitchen, at Long Marston, under circum- stances highly creditable to Charles's ready tact. 54 DIARY. of the staircase adjoining his closet ; and was pre- pared to partake amply of this new stock of provi- sion, in the preparation of which, as he afterwards laughingly remarked, he performed the part of master-cook. By this time the alarm had extended itself to White Ladies, whither the flight of the king had been traced ; but no suspicion had as yet rested on Boscobel, on account of its lonely situa- tion and the poverty of its tenants. During the whole of this day, therefore, Charles enjoyed a welcome interval of leisure, which he employed partly in his devotions, and partly in reading in a summer-house in the garden, within immediate reach of the door which led up the chimney-stack to his hiding-place. In the course of the afternoon, John Penderel had gone to seek Lord Wilmot at Moseley, with the intelligence of Charles's failure in the passage of the Severn. Perplexed at finding Wilmot de- parted since the morning for Bentley Hall, he accom- panied Mr Whitgreave in search of that noble- man ; and the result of their conference was that Wilmot should suspend his purpose of accompany- ing Mrs Jane Lane southward, and meet the king that night at Moseley. Charles, apprised by even- ing of this arrangement through the indefatigable messenger, took leave of Carlis, whose farther at- tendance might have led to danger in a country DIARY. 55 where his person was known ; and set out after nightfall for Moseley. His body-guard consisted of the five Penderels,* and Yates, their brother-in-law, all armed with bills and pike-staves, as well as with concealed pistols, and determined to defend their royal charge at any hazard. The king, not yet recovered from his fatigues, complained of the rough motion of Humphry Penderel's mill horse, on which he rode, surrounded by his defenders. " Can you blame the horse, my liege," said the honest miller, " to go heavily, when he has the weight of three kingdoms on his back'?" On reaching Penford Mill, below Cotsall, to which point they had pro- ceeded by lone byways, for the greater security the party separated ; William, Humphry, and George, returning with the horse, while the king, accom- panied by the rest, took the footpath to Moseley. After a moment's recollection, Charles called the * The print annexed is taken from one in the Bodleian edition of Blount's Boscobel, the same which has been copied accurately on the black marble of Mr Evans's chimney-piece, in the parlour of Boscobel House. The gigantic figure, which nearly overtops Charles upon his mill horse, and strongly resembles the figure of " Mr Greatheart " in the early editions of Bunyan (save in a convenient obliquity of vision, which enables him to reconnoitre front and rear at the same time), is probably meant for William Penderel, whom Hodleston, in his note on the king's narrative, describes as so tall a man that his breeches hung below the knees of Charles, himself a person above the middle size. 56 DIARY. three brothers back, and gave them his hand to kiss. " My troubles," said he, " make me forget myself ; I thank you all." A walk of about three miles from this point brought him, without farther interruption, to Moseley, where Mr Whitgreave was at his appointed post in an adjoining field. The king, whom his host had not been able to distin- guish from the rest in the darkness of a rainy night, made for a light in Lord Wilmot's chamber, while Whitgreave conducted the Penderels to his buttery, having sent all his servants to bed at an early hour, as a precaution. A summons from Father Hodle- ston brought him up to Lord Wilmot's room, whom he found talking at a cupboard's head with a squalid figure in a greasy hat, and a woodman's green frock over a leathern doublet. " This gentleman under disguise, whom I have hitherto concealed," said Wilmot, not knowing that John Penderel had already disclosed the quality of the new guest, " is both your master, mine, and the master of us all, to whom we all owe our duty and allegiance." Whit- greave knelt down to kiss the king's hand, who raised him with warm assurances of his own trust in his zeal and loyalty, and requested to see the place of concealment. Praising its security, he returned to the fireside, where Whitgreave and Hodleston washed his blistered feet, and changed his coarse shirt and wet clothes for more comfort- able attire. Having taken some biscuit and sack, DIARY. 57 Charles soon resumed the cheerfulness which had abandoned him during the night -march, and said, " that if it would please Almighty God to send him once more an army of 10,000 good and loyal soldiers and subjects, he feared not to expell all the rogues forth from his kingdom." After an hour's conversation, he retired to bed about daybreak; and Lord Wilmot took this opportunity to urge Mr Whitgreave, that in case of any unavoidable dis- covery, he would deliver him up to the enemy, as the most likely means of diverting their attention from his sovereign. Monday, Sept. 8. — This day Boscobel House was searched narrowly by two parties of republicans, one of which plundered the family of their small stock of provisions, and whatever else was portable, and threatened the life of William Penderel, from whom, however, they could extract no intelligence. About this time Major Carlis, by the aid of an old friend at Wolverhampton, obtained a pass under a disguised name, which landed him safely in France, where he first brought the Princess of Orange the news of her brothers safety. Meanwhile Charles enjoyed the effects of the prudent precautions which had been taken for his security. All the servants, excepting a Catholic cook-maid, had been sent out of the house on different errands ; and Father Hodleston, under pretence of personal apprehension as a Catholic priest, set his pupils, Palyn, Reynolds, 58 DIARY. and Sir John Preston, to watch from the garret window the approach of any rebel parties.""" Tuesday, Sept. 9. — This morning the republicans, having traced the king's route as far as White Ladies, by information extorted from a captured royalist, despatched a party thither in great haste, who threatened the family with their pistols, and broke down the wainscoting in search of the royal fugitive. They were, however, baffled by the self- possession of Mr George Giffard and Mrs Andrew (probably the housekeeper) ; and returning with the conviction that their intelligence was false, revenged themselves, by a severe beating, on their informant. The king, in the mean time, passed this day in con- versation with Mr Whitgreave and his mother,! and in the perusal of TurhervilVs Catechism \ — his prin- * Young Sir John, as appears from the Whitgreave MSS., was then with his tutor Mr Hodleston, a guest at Moseley, under the assumed name of Jackson, to protect him from the puritans, who had sequestered his father's property ; and Mr Whitgreave had taken the opportunity of placing his two nephews, Palyn and Reynolds, under Hodleston's care. It might, without this explanation, seem strange that a seminary should be established under the roof of a man of fortune. t See Pedigree of Robert Whitgreave of Burton, &c, in Ap- pendix (II.) % Either Henry Turberville's Manual of Controversies, or his Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, both published at Douay, about this period— probably the latter, which was also called TurhervilVs Catechism. DIARY. 59 cipal post being in a little closet over the porch, which his host used as a study. From hence he watched the road from Wolverhampton, along which the wounded and stragglers from his faithful in- fantry were continually passing ; many of whom came to the door directly under his window to beg relief. No enemy, however, as yet appeared, till towards the evening, when the alarm was suddenly given that a party of republicans were at hand. Charles, who was taking some rest in the parlour below, instantly retreated up-stairs to his hiding- place — a closet at the back of the largest bedroom, communicating through a false floor with a door of exit which opened into the brew-house chimney. Whitgreave meantime went calmly to his open door to meet the soldiers, who, under the command of a man called " Southall the priest-catcher," were on the alert to recover the lost traces of the king from White Ladies, not without suspicion that the master of Moseley himself was a fugitive from the field of Worcester. The latter, however, by his ease and self-possession, convinced them that their graver surmises were equally groundless with the charge relating to himself, which his ill state of health plainly rebutted ; and the party left the house quietly. In the dusk of the evening the king prepared for his departure to Bentley Hall, from whence it had been settled that he should proceed 60 DIARY. on the morrow, as the servant in attendance on Mrs Jane Lane. Before setting ont, however, he was mindful to supply the family with such refer- ences and letters of credit to his friends in London, as might secure their safe embarkation, in case of any suspicion falling on their conduct. They on their part were equally careful to furnish him with more than the necessary means and appliances for his short evening's journey, the good old lady insist- ing on filling his pockets with sweetmeats, and Hodleston pressing on him the loan of a warm cloak. Having delivered their charge to Colonel Lane, who was waiting with his horses in the orchard, Whitgreave and Hodleston kneeled to kiss his hand, and offer up their prayers for his preser- vation. Wednesday, Sept. 10. — At break of day the king, who had reached Bentley Hall soon after midnight, was called up by Colonel Lane, who supplied him with the suit of ordinary grey cloth which was to convert him from Will Jones the woodman of Bos- cobel, into William Jackson, a neighbouring tenant's son. Being duly equipped, and tutored in the stable by the colonel, as to his part of an accomplished serving-man, the new-made domestic rode up, hat in hand, to the front door, upon the double horse provided for Jane Lane, to whom alone, except- ing his relative, Mr Lascelles, a royalist officer, the DIARY. 61 colonel had communicated the secret. Whether from anxiety to perform his office well, or want of adroitness, the king, much to the amusement of old Mrs Lane, offered the wrong hand in assisting his fair conductress to mount behind him. When the party, consisting of Charles, Mrs Jane Lane, Mr Lascelles, and Mrs Petre,* the coloners sister, who rode on another double horse behind her husband, had mounted and set off, Colonel Lane and Lord Wilmot, provided with hawks and spaniels to mask their real purpose, followed by another parallel route, to watch and protect their friends in case of emer- gency, proposing to sleep at the house of a royalist acquaintance in Warwickshire.! In about two hours, Mrs Lane's horse having lost a shoe, the king saw it replaced at the next forge, where he chattered freely with the smith as to the news of the day, and the probable capture of " that rogue, Charles Stuart," who, as Will Jackson remarked (not perhaps with- out some secret recollection of Lesley's conduct), " deserved hanging more than all the rest, for bring- ing in the Scots." At Wotton, within two or three miles of Stratford, they suddenly caught sight of a troop of cavalry halting to refresh their horses. Mr Petre, not wishing to risk, in the company of his * Withy Lane ; married Mr Peters, or Petre, of Bucks. See the Lane pedigree, in Appendix. t Sir Clement Fisher, of Packington Hall. 62 DIARY. wife, the rough treatment which he had met with from similar parties, turned back in spite of Jane Lane's remonstrances, and entered Stratford in an- other direction. The king, however, by no means disconcerted, rode leisurely through the midst of them without attracting notice. Having soon after- wards separated from Mr and Mrs Petre, who were travelling to their seat in Buckinghamshire, the royal party slept at Mr Tombs's of Long Marston, four miles beyond Stratford. Here Charles, being desired by the cook to wind up the jack, provoked her anger by his awkwardness. * " I am a poor tenant's son of Colonel Lane's in Staffordshire," answered he, with readiness : " we seldom have roast meat, but when we have, we don't make use of a jack." Thursday, Sept. 11. — No particular event oc- curred on this day. The party travelled by the route of Camden, and slept at Cirencester, the king still performing the part of William Jackson without suspicion. At night he retired to a truckle- * This anecdote has received many versions, and is probably current in different shapes in every village which local tradition marks as a stage in the king's route. See Gentleman's Magazine, LXIII. ; also Major Bernardi's Autobiography, quoted in the Retrospective Review, No. 27. Blount, whose accuracy seems laborious, and whom I have in no instance caught tripping, has probably given the true account. DIARY. 63 bed in Mr Lascelles's room, which the latter, as soon as they were alone, exchanged for his own. Friday, Sept. 12. — This evening they reached Abbotsleigh, the residence of Mr Norton,* three miles beyond the town of Bristol, having travelled in all thirty miles. Though the honour and loyalty of Mr and Mrs Norton were undoubted, yet, in the fear least any excess of attention on their parts to the supposed yeoman's son might excite suspicion, Jane Lane concealed his real rank from them. In order, however, to secure comfort and privacy to the king, she recommended him to the care of Pope, the butler, as a poor tenant's son just recovering from the ague, — a character which the harassed appearance of Charles enabled him to support con- sistently. Pope, accordingly, gave him a private room, where he supped alone. Saturday, Sept. 13. — The king, with an appetite which bore out his character as a convalescent, rose early, and repaired to the buttery, where several guests were assembled, and ale and sack were not wanting as the concomitants to a solid breakfast. One of these persons professed himself to have served in Charles's own regiment at the battle of * Often mentioned as Sir George Norton. His title pro- bably was subsequent to these events, whether by inheritance or creation. 64 DIAKY. Worcester, and described minutely the particulars of the action to his circle of auditors. The king, he said, was a man taller by three fingers than Jackson ; who, nevertheless, feeling the comparison come rather home to his own person, took the first opportunity of leaving the buttery. But Pope, who had been a member of his household when Prince of Wales, and had afterwards served in Charles the First's army, and whose recollections were probably awakened by the conversation which had just oc- curred, communicated, in the course of the day, his suspicions to Miss Lane. After consulting with his protectress and Mr Lascelles, the latter of whom assured him that he would trust his own life to the tried fidelity of this domestic, the king wisely decided on confiding in him. Accordingly, Pope was introduced to Charles, whose hand he kissed as his sworn liegeman, and during the rest of the king's stay proved invaluable from his honesty and discretion. This night Lord Wilmot arrived in the neigh- bourhood, from Mr Winter's of Dirham, in Glouces- tershire, and was met by Pope, whose precaution prevented him from coming on to Abbotsleigh, where he would have been recognised by several persons. From Saturday 13th to Tuesday 16th, the king remained in the house of Mr Norton, where, under DIARY. • CM pretext of recovering from his ague, he enjoyed as much privacy as he thought fit, feeling himself suffi- ciently free from apprehension to join one day the lookers-on at a game of fives. Being apprised that no safe opportunity for embarkation from Bristol offered itself, he resolved, by the advice of Lord Wilmot and his other faithful friends, to make his next asylum at Colonel Wyndham 's house at Trent, in Somerset, a gentleman personally known to him- self, whose family had fought and suffered in his father s cause, and had some of them been connected with the royal household.* On Monday the 15th, however, the eve of their proposed departure, Mrs Norton was suddenly taken ill, and miscarried of a dead child ; and Jane Lane, distressed as we may * Colonel Wyndham had served in the civil wars, with the rank of governor of Dunster Castle. Charles mentions him in his narrative as " Frank Wyndham, the knight marshal's brother, my old aquaintance, and a very honest man." Of the knight marshal, Collinson speaks as follows [Hist. >Sbm.] : "Edmund, eldest son of Sir Thomas Wyndham of Kentsford, was by his father sent to serve in the Low Country wars. In 1641 he was one of the first that served in the western army, as colonel ; and was governor of Bridgwater at the time it was besieged and taken by Fairfax. He followed Charles IT. to France, and remained there till the Restoration, when he was made knight marshal of England, in which office he died, 1682. His lady, Christabella, was wet-nurse to Charles II., and one of the most beautiful women of her time." — See Pedigree of the Wyndham Family, in Appendix (III.) E 66 DIARY. suppose at her friend's critical situation, was also in no small degree perplexed to find an excuse for leaving her at such a time. The invention of Charles here suggested a ready expedient. A letter, purporting to announce the dangerous ill- ness of the elder Mr Lane, was prepared and delivered to his daughter at supper-time by Pope ; and so well did the young lady act her part, as fully to impose upon the company present, and justify her sudden departure in their eyes. Tuesday, Sept. 16. — This morning the king, attended by his former companions, set off for Trent House, whither it was settled that Wilmot should precede him, to notify his expected arrival to Colonel Wyndham, who knew nothing of what had occurred since the battle of Worcester. Ac- cordingly, while the rest of the royal party slept at Castle Cary, Lord Wilmot rocle on that night to Trent ; and being announced to Colonel Wynd- ham as Mr Morton, met with a cordial reception from that gentleman, who recognised his person im- mediately, and joyfully prepared to receive Charles on the morrow. Wednesday, Sept. 17. — While the king and his friends were on their route from Castle Cary, Colonel Wyndham, in order to multiply the means of safety in a neighbourhood full of sectarians, DIARY. 67 communicated the secret to his wife,* Lady Wynd- ham his mother, and her niece Juliana Coningsby, besides his trusty servant Henry Peters, and two female domestics, Eleanor Withers, and Joan Hal- sen oth, of whose loyalty 'he felt assured, and whose services would be necessary to the king in his pro- posed hiding-place. The rest of the servants having been dispersed on different pretexts, and Lady Wynd- ham's chamber being prepared as Charles's ordinary place of retirement, Colonel Wyndham and his lady walked out in the fields adjoining their house, in expectation of their royal guest. In a short time they perceived the approach of a lady, riding be- hind a pale and meanly-dressed young man on a double horse. " Frank, Frank, how dost thou do % " said the latter, in a cheerful tone ; and Wyndham joyfully recognised his sovereign. It was imme- diately agreed that the ladies of the family, to avoid suspicion, should address Jane Lane during her stay as their cousin, and that on the morrow she should return homewards with her kinsman, Mr Lascelles. Having adjourned to Trent House, the king held a * Anne, heiress of the Gerards of Trent House, and authoress of the Claustrum Regale Reseratum, as is supposed by some. Collinson, in his History of Somerset, attributes the work to a sister of the Colonel ; and Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica does not clear up the point. 68 DIARY. conversation of much interest with Colonel Wynd- ham, on some family circumstances previously un- known to him, and which served to strengthen the confidence which he already felt in the character of his host. It appears that in the year 1636, before the breaking out of the civil war, Sir Thomas Wyndham, the colonel's father, summoned his five sons to his chamber a short time previous to his death, and discoursed prophetically to them as to the alarming signs of the times, and the increasing predominance of the republican faction. " My sons," said he, " we have hitherto seen serene and quiet times ; but now prepare yourself for cloudy and troublesome. I command you to honour and obey our gracious sovereign, and at all times to adhere to the crown ; and though the crown should hang on a bush, I charge you forsake it not." Three of these sons and a grandson, obeying well the dying injunctions of their parent, had fallen on the field of battle in the cause of the late king ; and Colonel Wyndham, who had also served with honour, was then a prisoner on his parole. Having repeated his assurances of fidelity to the king, Wyndham promised the next day to consult Sir John Strang- ways, of Melbury, and his two sons, both formerly colonels in the royal service, as to the best means of arranging his embarkation with seeresy. Thursday, Sept. 18. — This morning Wyndham DIAEY. 69 waited on Colonel Giles Strangways, at his father's seat in the neighbourhood, and made known to hina the king's arrival and present predicament. Strang- ways, lamenting his want of connections on the coast, and his own suspected condition, which de- prived him of the means of actively furthering the desired project, intrusted Colonel Wyndham with a large sum in gold for the king's use, of which it was arranged that Lord Wilmot should take charge, it being judged prudent, for obvious reasons, that the supposed groom should retain no more than a few shillings at once about his person. During this time, and for several succeeding days, Charles lay closely hid in the house, divid- ing his time between Lady Wyndham's chamber, which was given up for his use, and a hiding-place with which it communicated, contrived in the days of the recusant family of the Gerards, ances- tors of the colonel's lady. One day hearing a noise in the neighbouring churchyard, and sending to ascertain the reason, he found that news of his own death at the battle of Worcester had been brought by a detachment of Cromwell's troops, who were returning through the village to their quarters. One of them declared he had slain the king with his own hand, and showed in confirmation a buff- coat which he professed to have taken from his body. The villagers, mostly fanatics, proceeded to 70 DIARY. show their pious exultation at the news by bonfires and tippling ; and concluded the whole by a visit to the church to ring out the king's knell, — a compli- ment which he heard in his hiding-place with great composure, exclaiming only, " Alas, poor people ! " All other plans for Charles's escape by sea having miscarried, Colonel Wyndham went to Lyme to consult Captain Ellesdon, a trusty friend, as to the means of accomplishing this end, committing, how- ever, at present no more than the name of Lord Wilmot as the person in danger. Ellesdon accord- ingly bargained with Limbry, the master of a coast- ing vessel, and a tenant of his own, that the latter should, for the sum of sixty pounds, to be paid on the certified safe delivery of his passengers, convey a party of three or four royalist gentlemen by night from Charmouth into France.* Next, that a private room might be secured at Charmouth without suspi- cion, the tide not serving till 11 at night, Henry Peters, the trusty valet, aiding his tale by an earnest in money and a few glasses of wine, succeeded in engaging the hostess of the little inn to promise apartments to a runaway bridal party from Devon- shire. j Monday, Sept. 22. — All precautions being now * Ellesdon's memoir says the party was described as Mr Payne, a broken merchant, flying from his creditors, with one servant accompanying him. DIARY. 71 taken, the royal party proceeded from Trent to Charmouth this day, the king attended by Colonel Wyndham as his guide, and riding double before Juliana Coningsby, whose services were probably necessary to personate the supposed Devonshire bride. Lord Wilrnot and Peters accompanied them at a convenient distance, in order to avoid suspicion. On their route they were met by Ellesdon, who re- ceived them at a lone house, belonging to his brother, among the hills, near Charmouth, in order to wait for nightfall. Here the king discovered his rank to his new protector, and presented him with a piece of foreign gold, which he had amused himself by boring and stringing during his late leisure. At night they repaired to Charmouth, where Ellesdon took his leave in the full confidence that everything had been securely arranged ; an assurance which Limbry, shortly after, called to re- peat. Hour after hour elapsed, however, without the performance of his promise, and the king, with Lord Wilmot, sat up during the night in perplexity and suspense, while Colonel Wyndham and Peters kept watch in vain on the beach for Limbry and the ship's boat. Tuesday, Sept. 23. — At an early hour, Peters was despatched to ascertain from Ellesdon the cause of the failure. The latter, equally perplexed, advised an immediate departure, and the king, with the two 72 DIARY. cousins, set off forthwith for Bridport. The fact had been as follows : Limbry, a well-disposed but simple person, had gone home at ten to prepare his sea-chest and other necessaries for the voyage. His wife, whom he had kept till the last moment ignor- ant of his intention to sail, sought an explanation of this sudden step, and was led by his answer as to the nature and remuneration of the service, to con- clude that the parties were royalists of rank. In an agony of terror, excited by the proclamation of the 1 Oth of September, she watched her opportunity to lock up her husband in his bedroom, where she kept him prisoner till it was too late to fulfil his engagement. " The more he entreated/'* says Mrs Anne Wyndham, " the more her violent passion increased, breaking forth into such clamours and lamentations,* that he feared, if he should any longer contend, both himself and the gentlemen he had promised to transport would be cast away in this storm, without ever going to sea." At this time, perhaps, the most alarming crisis of the king's fate was impending. The port of Lyme * Ellesdon states that she threatened to give information to Captain Macy, and justifies Limbry as to the choice of the alternative least dangerous to the king. His account of the fruitless attempt made by Limbry, " dogged by " his wife and daughters, to effect an explanation with Colonel Wyndham, is graphic and amusing. DIARY. 73 swarmed with persons drawn thither by the fair, and the coast was beleaguered by a detachment of republicans, preparing to embark in the expedition destined to reduce Guernsey and Jersey, whose head- quarters were at Bridport when Charles arrived. Here Colonel Wyndham, who began to despair of the safety of his charge, asked the king doubtingly what they must now do. Unwilling to abandon Wilmot, with whom he had appointed a meeting in the town, Charles, with prompt decision, rode into the yard of the principal inn of Bridport, pushing his way with the horses and portmanteaus among the crowd of surly troopers who obstructed the entrance to the stable. Having, like a practised serving-man, made good his point, at the expense of some rough language from the soldiers, the king was somewhat startled by the observation of the hostler, that " surely he had seen his face before." Maintaining his countenance perfectly, he drew from the man that he had lived at an inn at Exeter, close to the house of a Mr Potter, who had in fact enter- tained part of the royal staff during the civil wars. " Friend," said Charles, " you must have certainly seen me then at Mr Potters, for I served him above a year." The hostler, perfectly recognising this statement, parted from him with a mutual promise that they would drink a pot of beer to- gether on the young man's return ; and Charles, 74 DIARY. after talking with equal freedom to the troopers, joined his friends on pretence of waiting on them at dinner. About 3 o'clock, Lord Wilmot came riding up the street with Peters, and catching a sight of the party at the window, proceeded to the other inn, from whence he despatched Peters to appoint a meeting out of the town, and hasten their de- parture. Being thus reassembled, the party resolved, as the only safe step, to return to Trent by the nearest track ; and accordingly, after proceeding a mile or two along the Dorchester road, turned on the left towards Yeovil. In the mean time, a dangerous mischief had been brooding in their rear. The hostler at the inn of Charmouth, an old republican soldier, had drawn suspicious conclusions from ob- serving the horses kept saddled in the stable all the previous night, as well as from the frequent visits of Colonel Wyndham and Peters to the sea-shore. After communicating his thoughts to his mistress, who checked him sharply for his officiousness, he took Lord Wilmot's horse, which had cast a shoe, to the neighbouring forge. Hammet, the blacksmith, a shrewd artisan, instantly remarked, "This horse has but three shoes, and they were all set in dif- ferent counties, and one in Worcestershire." On the departure of the king, the hostler lost no time in seeking to communicate this hint, and his own DIARY. 75 comments, to Westley, the puritan minister of the place, whom he found engaged in family worship. Learning, however, afterwards, the state of facts, either from Hammet or the hostler, the preacher made all speed to the inn, preparing in his mind the most successful mode of entrapping the hostess into a confession. " Why, how now, Margaret," quoth he, " you are a maid of honour." What mean you by that, Mr Parson \ " rejoined Margaret, tartly. " Why, Charles Stuart lay last night at your house, and kissed you at his departure ; so that now you cannot but be a maid of honour." — The woman then (says Ellesdon) began to be very angry, and told him he was a scurvy-conditioned man to go about to bring her and her house into trouble. But, said she, if I thought it was the king, as you say it was, I should think the better of my lips all the days of my life ; so, Mr Parson, get you out of my house, or Fll get those shall kick you out." Digesting this rebuff as he might, the min- ister accompanied the hostler before a magistrate,* who, not seeing, or choosing not to see, any call for his own interference, treated the affair lightly. But Captain Macy, the republican officer commanding the nearest picket, equipped his troop as soon as * Perhaps another Justice Inglewood. This part of Elles- don's memoir is replete with circumstantial, and sometimes comic interest. 76 DIARY. the tidings reached him, and galloped off on the London road in pursuit of the fugitives. Ere, however, they came in sight, the royal party, little knowing the jeopardy from which they were escap- ing, had taken the road to Yeovil ; and while Macy and his men dashed on furiously in the direction of Dorchester, reached without molestation a village called Broad Windsor. Here Colonel Wyndham, who knew the loyal principles of his host, intro- duced Lord Wilmot as his brother-in-law, Colonel Eeymes, a prisoner, like himself, on parole ; and procured a lodging for the party in the upper story, for the sake of greater caution. Before, however, they had been long in the house, about forty soldiers, on their way to Jersey, came in unexpectedly to be billeted there for the night. The confusion which ensued in the narrow kitchen was presently worse confounded by the screams of one of the female camp-followers, who was suddenly taken in labour, and by the squabble which presently issued between the troopers and the parish officers, who came down to resist this unwelcome addition to their popula- tion. The greater part of the night was consumed in this brawl, which, though it effectually deprived the king of rest, tended to his security, by occupy- ing the attention of the soldiers till the time for marching had arrived. Wednesday, Sept. 24. — After an early consulta- DIAKY. 77 tion with Colonel Wyndham, the king was fully confirmed in his intention of returning to Trent, and there awaiting the result of the projects which had been set on foot by his friends for procuring his passage from some Sussex seaport ; no hope seeming to remain of effecting it from the Dorset- shire coast. To Trent, therefore, they returned the same evening, and Charles resumed his station in his old hiding-place, where he remained till the 6th of October in a state of harassing inaction, rendered more precarious by the present condition of affairs in the vicinity. The intelligence of the enemy had correctly traced his route to the confines of Dorset- shire and Somerset, and Charmouth or its neigh- bourhood was confidently assigned by many as the place of his concealment. Pursuant to these suspi- cions, Pilisdon House, the residence of the colonel's uncle, Sir J. Wyndham, underwent a complete search, the family being roughly treated, and secured under a guard. Similar surmises began to extend themselves to Trent House, whither Lord Wilmot continued to travel backwards and forwards from Salisbury, engaged indefatigably in arranging schemes with different royalist gentlemen for Charles's embarkation. On Sunday the 28th of September, a tailor of the village informed Colonel Wyndham of the prevailing suspicion that royalist refugees were concealed in his house ; on which 78 DIAKY. Lord Wilmot accompanied him openly to church in character of his guest and relation, and by this bold measure effectually blinded the eyes of the puritans, who, giving credit to the colonel for conversion to their own principles, suspended their domiciliary visit. Meantime the strictest measures of con- cealment were adopted in Trent House, the king generally cooking his meals in his own chamber, which partly served to beguile the anxious sus- pense of his situation. Nothing of moment oc- curred till the 6th of October, save a false alarm occasioned by the arrival of a troop of horse at Sherborne, whose motions Mrs Wyndham went privately to reconnoitre. On the 5th of October, it was determined that Charles should move on- ward to Hele House, near Amesbury, the seat of Mrs Hyde, widow of the Chief Justice's elder brother, in order to be nearer to the smaller ports of Sussex, where his friends had nearly brought their schemes to a happy conclusion. Tuesday, October 6. — This morning the king, under the guidance of Colonel Phelips of Montacute House,* set off' on his journey, taking an affectionate leave of the friends who had risked so much in his cause. Colonel Wyndham earnestly and repeatedly * A distinguished royalist officer, who had been consulted in the first instance by Colonel Wyndham. Montacute House is in the immediate vicinity of Trent. DIARY. 79 pressed to accompany him to the coast, but Charles firmly opposed a step which might occasion addi- tional risk ; it was, however, judged expedient that Juliana Coningsby should occupy the double horse as before. At Mere, where they stopped to dine, the king was gratified by the loyalty of the host, who, after sounding the supposed hobby-groom by the cavalier countersign, " Are you a friend to Caesar \ " pledged him to King Charles's health. At night they reached Hele House, where good Mrs Hyde, aware of the rank of her guest, treated him at supper with an embarrassing degree of attention ; and her brother, who was not in the secret, was surprised at the conversation of one so meanly dressed. Wednesday, Oct. 7. — By the advice of Mrs Hyde, who perhaps wished to atone for her want of previ- ous caution, Charles this morning practised the same doubling manoeuvre which instinct teaches the hare. Having quitted Hele with Colonel Phelips in the most open manner, as if to continue his journey, he spent the day on the downs in the vicinity of Stonehenge, reckoning and re-reckoning its stones, in order to beguile the time. When night was come, Colonel Phelips proceeded to Salisbury, leav- ing Charles at Hele House, where Mrs Hyde and her sister received and conducted him to a hiding- place similar to that at Trent. For five days more, the king lay concealed in his retreat, waited upon SO DIARY. entirely by these ladies, who communicated the secret of his return to no one in the house. In the mean time, Lord Wilmot, through the means of Colonel Gunter, a royalist of Sussex, had succeeded in hiring a small coasting-vessel, and, accompanied by that gentleman, returned to Salisbury, in order to accompany Charles to his destination. Monday, Oct. 13. — Early in the morning the king, attended by Dr Henchman, a canon of Salis- bury, who had acted as the channel of communica- tion with Wilmot and Phelips, walked from Hele to Clarendon Park corner, where these faithful friends, accompanied by Colonel Gunter and his brother, awaited him, provided with greyhounds, as if for a coursing expedition on the downs, over which the first part of their route lay. They slept at Ham- bledon, in Hampshire, the house of Colonel Gunter's sister, whose husband, Mr Symons, not having been apprised of their visit, joined them from the ale- house, while they were at supper, in a condition of more than " decent hilarity." From the plain cut of the king's hair and attire, as well as the reproof which he received from Charles for a casual oath, the honest squire sat brooding over the suspicion " that he was some roundheaded rogue's son ; " but being assured that it was unfounded, included him in his jovial welcome. Tuesday, Oct. 14.- — After a day's journey of DIARY. 81 thirty-five miles, the king and his party met at Brighthelmstone, Captain Tattersal, the master of the promised vessel, and Mr Mansel, the merchant who had engaged it for them, with whom they supped at the inn. In the course of the evening, Smith, the landlord, who had formerly held a small office about court, recognised Charles, as did also Captain Tattersal. The former, as soon as he was alone with the king, seized upon his hand to kiss, expressing his hope " that he should be a lord and his wife a lady."* The latter, whose vessel had been taken and liberated by Charles, while commanding his father's fleet, two years before, remonstrated privately with Mansel on his want of confidence in not wholly trusting him, declaring, nevertheless, his resolution to run any risk of life or property in his sovereign's cause.! Charles, being informed of what * In Colonel Gunter's narrative, Smith seizes the king's hand as it lay on the back of a chair, and kissed it, saying, " It should not be said but that he had kissed the best hand in the kingdom." The Colonel, after all, does not give him credit for more than a suspicion that it might be the king, and praises Charles's presence of mind in parrying the attack, though, adds he, the king afterwards said he thought he remembered the man as being about his father's back-stairs. Charles, in his narrative, gives a different reason ; but his memory evidently betrayed him more than once. — R H. B. f The Colonel's account differs very materially from this state- ment, and indeed represents Tattersal, not only as ignorant of F 82 DIARY. had passed, and fearing the same domestic influence which had caused his disappointment at Charmouth, found means to detain Tattersal all night in drinking and smoking, until the hour arrived for their setting sail. Wednesday, Oct 15. — At four in the morning, Charles and his friends set out from Brighthelmstone to the neighbouring village of Shoreham, where himself and Lord Wilmot embarked on board of Tattersal's vessel. The latter, who had hitherto delicately concealed from the king all knowledge of his person, took this opportunity of disclosing it, and swearing fidelity ; and the tide serving at seven in the morning, they weighed anchor with a fair wind, as if for Poole, whither Tattersal was ostensibly bound. To screen the latter from suspi- cion, it was agreed that his passengers should represent themselves to the crew as merchants flying from their creditors, and offer them a small the quality of his passengers, but as actuated entirely by mer- cenary motives. He says, that not only did Mansel receive £50 for his trouble in hiring the boat, but that Tattersal, or, as he calls him, Tatterfield, having received £60 down, refused, when the time for action arrived, to sail unless they bought his vessel outright, and that they were, in consequence, obliged to accede to his terms, which were £400. Even then he made a fresh difficulty, and insisted on being paid in advance, but they positively refusing, and threatening to seek assistance elsewhere, he at last reluctantly consented to start. — R. H. B. DIARY. 83 gratuity to set them on the French coast. This manoeuvre was successfully acted, the captain ap- pearing reluctantly to consent, as if to oblige his men. At one o'clock in the afternoon (probably about the time when his sovereign lost sight of the English shore), the gallant Lord Derby laid down his head on the scaffold at Bolton, in Lancashire, pursuant to the sentence of the court-martial. With this coincidence terminated the three-and-forty days of hazards and vicissitudes passed by the king since the morning of Worcester. The next day he landed with Lord Wilmot at Fescamp, and proceeded to Eouen, where fortune had still a parting buffet in store for the two friends. The meanness of their apparel, added to their sudden arrival, subjected them, it seems, to the suspicion of the innkeeper as vagrants ; and it was only by reference to Mr Sand- burne, a resident English merchant, that they were allowed to remain for a few clays. Having, during this interval, apprised the court at Paris of his safe arrival, the king was, on the 30th of October, met and conducted into the capital in a style befitting his rank, by the queen his mother, the Dukes of York and Orleans, and a large assemblage of nobility and gentry of both nations. About the middle of December 1651, Colonel Lane and his sister, to avoid the consequences to which their loyalty might expose them, took refuge 84 DIAEY. in France * In the diary of Evelyn, who was then resident at Paris, no farther mention is made of them than the following : — "Dec. 21. — Came to visite my wife, Mrs Lane, the * In the British Museum is a small tract, entitled " A History of his Sacred Majestie, King Charles the Second, from the Murder of his Royal Father to this present year 1660, by a person of quality : London, 12mo, printed for James Davies in Ivy Lane," which gives the following account of Mrs Lane's escape, — " Likewise, during his Majesties abode here " (at Paris) " arrived his quondam preserver, Mrs Jane Lane, who, after she had taken leave of his majesty at Bristow, returned home, and lived for some space in a great deal of security, not doubting she could not be betrayed ; yet at length, by what means I know not (though, indeed, I have heard of many relations, that I dare not relate any), it came to light ; yet she had some timely notice of it, whereupon she who had formerly disguised his majesty in a serving-man's habit now disguised herself in that of a country wench, and that trots on foot (to save her life, which she was like to loose for having formerly saved his sacred majesties) quite crosse the country to Yarmouth, where she found shipping which conveyed her safe into France. Great search, after her departure, there was made for her, but in vain, which so incensed the soldiers that they burnt down to the .ground that poor cottage where his majesty first took shelter after his escape from Worcester. " She being arrived in France, sends a letter to the court, whereupon his majesty, almost overjoyed at her escape who had been the cause of his, immediately sends some persons of quality in coaches to conduct her to Paris, whither she being near come, — himself, with the queen his mother, the Duke of York, Gloucester, went out to meet this preserver of DIARY. 85 lady who conveied the king to the sea-side, at his escape from Worcester/' The particulars of their flight and reception are, however, given in a little book,* published soon the life of their son, sovereign, and brother ; the coaches meet- ing, and she being descended from her coach, his majesty like- wise descends, and, taking her by the hand, salutes her with this grateful expression, ' Welcome, my life ! ' and so, putting her into his own coach, conducts her to Paris, where she was entertained with the applause and wonder of the whole court ; and she could indeed deserve no less ; for I believe neither past nor future ages can or will ever parallel so great a pattern of female loyalty and generosity." — R. H. B. * The name of the book in question is, " Monarchy Revived, being the Personal History of Charles II. from his Earliest Years to his Restoration to the Throne." Printed 1661, and reprinted 1822. The author is not aware of the events at Abbotsleigh, but seems to suppose that the king stopped at Bristol, " which being a town of great resort, his majesty was enforced to depart from it. Whither he went afterwards, is not certainly known, nor hath it pleased his majesty or that lady (Mrs J. L.) to discover to any. Several passages are written to have happened endangering his discovery, both at Bristol and elsewhere ; but the relators have not the least ground for any of them, and have rather chosen to gratify vulgar readers with impertinent fictions, than to confess their ignorance of that which they did not and cannot yet know. The loyal lady, in all her journeys with his majesty, comported herself with extraordinary pru- dence and fidelity, expressing her observance as often as oppor- tunity safely permitted it, and at other times acting her part in the disguise with much caution and discretion. A farther relation of his majesty's progress in England, and the manner of his transportation into France, as soon as it comes into our 86 DIARY. after the Kestoration, in a manner honourable to the good feeling of the king and his family. The words areas follow: "In December 1651,* arrived at Paris, the gentlewoman who had been instrumental, in his majesty's deliverance after the overthrow at Worcester ; of which fearing danger, by the dis- covery of some unfaithful confidants, she went on foot in disguise to Yarmouth, and there took ship for France. She was conducted to Paris with great honour, the king himself, with the queen his mother and the Dukes of York and Gloucester, going out to meet her : upon the first sight, his majesty took her by the hand, and saluted her with this obliging term, ' Welcome, my life! 9 The French court also regarded her with much respect and honour, together with her brother, Colonel Lane, who accompanied her thither." The subsequent part of this lady's history is for some time obscure : it is probable, however, that as hands from the honourable person who, besides his majesty, is now alone able to impart it, shall be presented to the world." This proves how carefully the secrets of Trent and Charmouth were kept, and accounts for many false local traditions, as well as misstatements, in the less authentic narratives. The book does not differ materially from Blount in his general matter. * The Boscobel edition of 1769, at the end of which are several additions to the text of Blount, agrees with this extract in all its statements, and probably made use of it as an authentic source of information. DIAEY. 87 a person marked and suspected by the common- wealth, she found it advisable to remain abroad till the Restoration ; a supposition strengthened by the late date of her marriage with Sir Clement Fisher * (already mentioned as her brother's confi- dential friend), and by the habits of occasional correspondence with Charles, which the following letter in his own hand seems to infer. The language is that of the strictest deference and regard to an honoured friend and adviser. " Mistris Lane, u I hope you doe not beleeve that hearing from a person that I am so much beholding to, can be in the least degree troublesome to me, that am so sensible of the obligations I have to you ; but, on the contrary, 'tis a very greate satisfaction to me to heare from you ; and for that which Mr Boswell is pleased to tell you concerning your giving me good councell in a letter, and my making it publick in my bed-chamber, is not the first lie that he has made, nor will not be the last, for I am sartayne there was never any thing spoken in the bed-chamber in my hearing to any such purpose, nor, I am confident, when I was not there, * In one of the editions of Blount's Boscohel, in the library of King's-Bromley Hall, Sir Clement is spoken of in high terms as a distinguished cavalier. The letter in the king's hand- writing, accompanied by the picture to which it alludes, is also in the possession of John Newton Lane, Esq., the lineal de- scendant of Colonel Lane, and representative of the family, who has kindly favoured me with a copy of this valuable heir-loom. I am not aware that it has ever been printed, and have strictly adhered to the orthography. 88 DIARY. for I beleeve Mr Boswell's end is to show his frequent being in niy bed-chamber, which is as true as the other. Your cousin will let you know that I have given orders for my pickture for you ; and if in this or in any thing else I can show the sence I have of that w ch I owe you, pray let me know it, and it shall be done by 11 Your most assured " and constant frind, « For Mrs Lane." " Charles R." After Charles's restoration, a pension for life of £1000 was settled on Lady Fisher, whose marriage took place soon after the date of that event. A pension also of £500 was bestowed on her brother, Colonel Lane. This token of gratitude to his pro- tectress was accompanied by the present of a gold watch, which, by the express request of the king, was to descend by succession to the eldest daughter of the house of Lane for the time being. It was, in 1830, in the possession of the dowager Mrs Lucy of Charlecot Park, Warwickshire.* An English matron of Lady Fisher s character was not likely to be mentioned in the subsequent annals of Charles's court, where, however, her brother and herself were on all occasions received with distinc- tion by the king. The pension was at one time, according to family report, seven years in arrear ; * See Pedigree of Lane Family, (fee. in Appendix (IV.) This lady is aunt to John Newton Lane, Esq., the present repre- sentative of the family (1832).— R. H. B. DIARY. 89 at the end, however, of James's reign, it appears to have been paid up with more punctuality. A document in the journals of the House of Commons, dated July 20, 1689, states : " The peti- tion of the Lady Jane Lane, now Fisher, and of Thos. Lane, Esq.,* setting forth that, in considera- tion of services done by their family to the crown, his late majesty was pleased to grant £1000 per annum for life to the lady, the petitioner, and to the petitioner Thomas £500 per annum for life also ; and praying that in the bill now passing concerning their majesties' revenue, the said yearly payments may be preserved unto them." Within three days of the above petition, another was presented " from Dame Anne Wyndham, widow of Sir Francis Wynd- ham, Bart., deceased/' praying confirmation of a similar grant, by letters-patent, of £400 per annum, in which the petitioner s two daughters, Rachel and Frances, had a joint reversionary interest for their lives ; and soliciting the payment of an arrear of £400 which had accrued thereon. Similar memo- rials were on the same day presented from Eobert Phelips, Esq., on whom an annuity of the same value * Afterwards Sir Thomas Lane,f son of Colonel John Lane, and nephew to Lady Fisher. The Colonel died in September 1687, aged about seventy-seven. The pensions in question, according to the family memoranda, ceased in the reign of George I. f An error ; he was never knighted. 90 DIARY. as Colonel Lane's had been settled, and from Amias Hext and Juliana his wife (probably Juliana Con- ingsby), who claim £200 per annum for life out of the customs, in virtue of a grant from Charles.'" An annuity of £200 per annum was granted to Mr Whitgreave, with reversion to his son Thomas ; and an honourable augmentation of arms bestowed on Colonel Carlis, with a slight alteration of name, which rendered the distinctioD more gracefully pointed. In heraldic language, " he bore upon an oak proper, in a field or, a fesse gules, charged with three royal crowns of the second ; by name Carlos, which in Spanish signifieth. Charles. For his crest a civic crown, or oaken garland, with a sword and sceptre crossed through it saltier-wise, and for his device, Subditus fidelis regis et regni sains." t Soon after the Eestoration, the five Penderels were received with distinction by the king at Whitehall, and dismissed with a suitable reward. The follow- * See the grant from the Crown in the 18th of Charles II., and the second grant in the 29th of the same reign, quoted in No. XXVII. of the Retrospective Review. f The " Colonel Careless " who figures in the excellent old play of the Committee (docked into the modern farce of the Honest Thieves, like an old brigadier wig cut down to a fashion- able crop), is probably meant for the hero of Worcester. " Colonel Blount" may have been intended for the author of Boscobel. — See Pedigree of Colonel Carlos, in Appendix (V.) DIARY. 91 ing is the account of their audience, as given in a tract in the Antiquarian Kepertory : * " ' The simple rustic, who serves his sovereign in the time of need to the utmost extent of his ability, is as deserving of our commendation as the victo- rious leader of thousands/ was a saying of King Charles to Kichard Penderel, at the time he was introduced to his majesty after the Eestoration. 'Friend Richard/ rejoined the king, ' I am glad to see thee ; thou wert my preserver and conductor, the bright star that showed me to my Bethlehem, for which kindness I will engrave thy memory on the tablet of a faithful heart/ 1 Then turning to the lords about him, the king said, ' My lords, I pray you respect this good man for my sake/ At this kind treatment, becoming his majesty's great- ness, he very merrily said, ' Master Richard, be bold, * See Bodleian edition, vol. ii. p. 59, printed from a MS. in the collection of Anstis, garter-king- at-arms, communicated by a correspondent signing himself " T. N." The editor does not undertake to vouch for its. authenticity ; but as the two Anstis, father and son, lived in the beginning of the last century, they probably were competent judges as to the facts. It has cer- tainly the pompous air of a got-up document. f This, as well as his conduct to the other parties of higher condition, by whom he was personally assisted and protected at their own risk of life and goods, should seem to rescue Charles's character from the charges of levity and ingratitude at this period of his life. 92 DIARY. and tell these lords what passed amongst us, when I had quitted the oak at Boscobel to reach Pit- Leasow/ — 'Your majesty must well remember/ re- plied Kichard, ' that night when brother Humphry brought his old mill horse from White Ladies, not accoutred with kingly gear, but with a pitiful saddle and worse bridle ; not attended by royal guards, but with half-a-dozen raw and undis- ciplined rustics, who had little else but goodwill to defend your majesty with ; 'twas then your majesty mounted, and as we journeyed towards Moseley, your majesty did most heartily complain of the jade you rode on, and said it was the dullest creature you ever met with ; to which my brother Humphry replied, " My liege, can you blame the horse to go heavily, when he has the weight of three kingdoms on his back'?" At which your majesty grew somewhat lighter, and commended brother Humphry's wit.' In like manner did this poor peasant entertain Charles and his courtiers, until his majesty thought proper to dismiss him, but not without settling a sufficient pension on him for life, on which he lived within the vicinity of the court until the 8th of February 1671, twenty years after the fatal battle of Worcester, when he died, much lamented by his majesty, and other great personages whom he had protected from savage barbarity and fanatical persecution. His royal DIARY. 93 master, to perpetuate the memory of this faithful man, out of his princely munificence caused a fair monument to be raised over him in the churchyard of St Giles's in the Fields, near about the east end of the church, &c. &c." Here follows the well-known epitaph, given in the Boscobel edition of 1725. It is stated in the edition of Boscobel, printed 1769, that George II. repaired the monument in 1739; and allusion is also made to the name of Trusty Dick,* by which E. Penderel was known at the * The following anecdote rests on the authority of Mrs Pen- derel; a maiden descendant in a direct line from Richard Pen- derel, who recided at Abergavenny some years ago ; but its authenticity, notwithstanding the source from which it springs, may be somewhat doubted, as it does not appear that Charles ever slept at Hobbal Grange. Mrs Penderel affirmed that the appellation of Trusty Dick, given to her ancestor, arose from the king having overheard, in the silence of the night, a dialogue between Richard Penderel and his wife. The dame, in passionate terms, reproved her husband for the danger he had incurred for himself and family by concealing Charles, held out to him the certainty of the splendid reward offered for his apprehension, and conjured him to seize the golden opportunity, hinting her readi- ness to be herself the informer. Her husband replied with much indignation, assuring her that no money should bribe him to desert his sovereign, with whom he was ready to take all chances ; and charging her, in goodset terms, as she valued his future affection, to be secret and faithful to the trust imposed upon them. Next morning, the king acquainted Richard Penderel with his having overheard the conference, and ever after distin- guished him by the name of Trusty Dick. The sister of Mrs 94 DIARY. court of Charles, as well as to a coat-of-arms which accompanied his pension. By a patent, dated July 24, 1675, fee-farm rents (probably as a permanent provision for the continu- ance of a pension previously paid) were settled in trust by Charles to Sir Walter Wrottesley, Bart., Bichard Congreve and John Giffard, Esqrs. charged with the following payments : To Bichd. Benderel and his heirs for ever, £100 per annum ; to William Benderel and his heirs for ever, a similar sum ; to Humphry, John, and George Benderel, and their heirs for ever, 100 marks per annum severally ; to Eliza- beth Yates, widow, and her heirs, £50 per annum, with a mutual benefit of inheritance, in case of the failure of heirs from any of the grantees * Penderel above mentioned was married to Mr Bodenham of Rotheras, in Herefordshire. * It is difficult to reconcile this document with the death of R. Penderel in 1671 ; but as no Richard appears in the list of his sons, stated in his will as Thomas, Simon, Lawrence, and William, it is probable his name was revived in the grant, to connect the pension with the services received. The Gentleman's Magazine, LXII. 37, states that these pensions were accompa- nied with certain rights of fishing and shooting : Valeat quan- tum valet. The question, perhaps, is not worth investigation. The substance of this grant, as well as many of the particulars respecting the Penderels, is taken from the collection made in 1791 by Mr Pingo, rouge-dragon poursuivant, from the papers of the Yates family, and confirmed by wills proved. Were it not that two separate families, whose descendants are surviving, DIARY. 95 Again, in 1686, James II. granted an annuity of £100 per annum to Nicholas Yates of St Mary le Savoy, gentleman, only child of Francis and Margaret Yates of Long Lawn, near Boscobel, deceased, " in reward of assistance given to the late king by the said Francis and Margaret." From inspection of the wills of the brotherhood, it appears that they mostly died in circumstances of comparative Opulence, bequeathing in some instances lands to their families, situated chiefly in the district of Kiddermore Green. The survivor of the five brothers seems to have been Humphry, who died in 1710. William is also stated by Grainger to have lived into the reign of William III., and to have attained the age of eighty-four, or more. In the protections of 1708, 1716, &c, more than one indi- vidual of the Penderel blood is specially named : indeed, it appears that all descendants of the families instrumental in the king's escape, whose circum- stances required it, were included. Owing to the lapse of time and change of place, it was at one time supposed that the Penderel are respectively traced to Francis and Elizabeth Yates, and Francis and Margaret Yates, I should conclude that Elizabeth and Margaret were one and the same person, or that Elizabeth might have been the mother of the Francis named in Blount. As it is, I confess myself puzzled to make out the two loyal Sosias. 96 DIARY. blood was nearly or quite extinct; an idea partly refuted by the article in the Gentleman's Maga- zine on the subject of Mrs Teresa Sykes.* The male line, however, of George and John still ex- ists, and the remaining brothers are represented by persons inheriting through female branches. In all these cases (an abstract of wdiich is added in the Appendix), the fee-farm rents are still received in portions regulated by the number of claimants, among whom are citizens of the United States of America. It is also pleasant to observe, from the documents in question, that the different branches of the family have in general attained an apparently prosperous and respectable condition in life, and in many instances moved in a higher sphere than the original yeomen of the Royal Oak. Many a one, with " horse to ride and weapon to wear," has been proud to claim descent from "Trusty Dick" or "Old John of Boscobel." With respect to those families of consequence for whom the honours of Charles's projected order was intended, their names, to which in fact no arbitrary titles could have added distinction, are in several instances still borne by their male descendants on their hereditary ground. The Giffards of Chillington, the Whitgreaves of Moseley, and the Phelips's of * Descended from Francis and Elizabeth Yates. DIARY. 97 Montacute, are stationary still. The Lanes of Bentley from whom that property passed during the last cen- tury, reside at King's Bromley Hall, near Lichfield, another branch of the family estate. From their private documents, it appears that the Colonel Lane commemorated in the Boscobel history was the eldest among nine children of Thomas Lane of Bentley, Esq. (thirteenth in descent from Adam de Lona, de Wol- verhampton, temp. Edw. I.), of whom such honour- able mention is made by Clarendon * This gentle- man, son of John Lane of Bentley, Esq., by Jane his wife, daughter of Sir Edward Littleton, knight, mar- ried Anne, sister of Sir Hervey Bagot of Blithfield, co. Stafford, first baronet of the name. From his son * Wilmot told the king that he had, by very good fortune, " fallen into the house of an honest gentleman, one Mr Lane, a person of excellent reputation for his fidelity to the king, but of so universal and general a good name, that though he had a son who had been a colonel in the king's service during the late war and was then upon his way to Worcester, the very day of the defeat, men of all affections in the country, and of all opinions, paid the old man a very great respect The king inquired of the monk the reputation of this gentleman, who told him that he had a fair estate, was exceedingly beloved, and the eldest justice of peace of that county ; and though he was a zealous Protestant, yet he lived with so much civility and candour towards the Catholics, that they would all trust him as much as they would one of their own profession." Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis. G 9S DIAEY. Colonel John Lane, and his wife Athalia Anson, John Newton Lane, Esq. of King's Bromley Hall (married in 1828 to Agnes, second daughter of the present Lord Bagot of Blithfield) is the sixth in des- cent by the male line. In Mr Lane's possession are the portraits of his distinguished relatives. That of Colonel Lane represents a plain, manly countenance, without any marked trait. The picture of Jane Lane, attributed to Lely, and bearing strong marks of his style, greatly resembles the portraits of Anne Bullen in its thoughtful expression, as well as in the features and colour of the hair : — A pure, transparent, pale, yet radiant face, Byeon. Like to a lighted alabaster vase It may be satisfactory to add some slight notice of the present condition of those houses, to which interest is attached as connected with the narrative, and of some of which views are appended. Boscobel House, which it has been thought most advisable to sketch in the state in which it appeared A. D. 1814, is left as nearly as possible in the exact form preserved in Blount's harsh and elaborate print. Having passed first into the hands of the family of Cotton, by an heiress of the house of Giffard, and next, by the similar transmission, to Sir Basil Fitzherbert (who proved a zealous curator of its classical ground), it was finally purchased by Evans, Esq. of m 5 J I ^^W^Mk SlkxM Ti;.<- r otal oak at Bosr o«n IV T3lachroocL & Sans, l'.5pa" gal e2 d'-3 o «-° 3 N ~S n ® g 3 " (gPn^j C to, 5 J^-S.2 5 ~ °f2'S fcbD -.| blc-^ca.2 • 52 2 W 3 £ 2 >.5f*i:Y^.s;^ 1II5S £ » > 05 o£ -+- a, -0*3 ' 1 &£M — K © l|^wi-° ; ,3 £> 92 cs "* f-> - c£3 11 111 rial! * 8 & -1 ~®-2 § 1 *" O >>C5 O ■= -t> o s .5 ® ©"■-i ! §§ a o,52 . M sgj: £ ? ® & R 03 t, fl^.2 3 ■Ss§£ e -d -a s tnJS o o Q5 O o S -84,30 n - - ° »■*"■« OH III! OC 05 'S 5 73 12 t- S ^n-f 05 ° ^ g o ^0 = 0. 1 1 6 J s 05 ;; 53 c a «-6 o S £ p4 APPENDIX. .369 a tJ o» M ^ "~3 a t3 anor. Cat to have a. ied, orS. •3 ! T3 o II — 3 if ne. Ele pposed unmarr II . . daur. lames Thornbury °f • • of Brewood, Co. Staff., received the annuityA.pl- 1829. E50 a c3 •73 o CD p4 Pendrell, to Laurence Pendrell - his father left had Hobball Grange, ment in Rus- named in the protec- , Walsall, o. c. tions of 1708 and 1716, ice; administ 11 - and in the will of his I to his brother cousin, Thos- Pend- nce, 8 Feb J- rell, ofStPaul's.Cov'- 1691-2. Garden, 1710. .2 o ?* — £ji CO i~ • a o rd EH o5 — d a < II— 5? O bfi •i : • o II eth, = Revd. W«n- Lens, === . . 3d- wife, y- 1820, Master of the widow of an wife. Haberdashers' Apothecary, school, re-married. who sur- vived him. Hi Hi w : Marymd- loseph = St Bennet, Thornbury Paul's ofKiddi- Wharf, 28 more. Ocf- 1723. rz Ph O M II tor. William 2 whom a tene sell St. in Frai grantei Laure ■y. lame Russell Birmin ham p w Pi to £$ OS a 53 1 mmons, — St Brides, treet, 14 1724-5. ^ Hi . P £P . tha. Elear married 1671- e3 II ti CO i3 - « M —• i-i — c3 d rd-ri u s. Ph 1 Q -5 2 • c3 * 8 ° c3<*; T3 O • © £ ^ «£ ^iolo II ■ £3 d '~ t3 "S 'H 0)m-ja P . « -^ C3 CD O CO _ d .2 . d,o CD © -*8 1 Thomas to who ther le built he therton with la Scotts - in 1671. Richard of St Danes, Apothe 3 ° O rf Hi o 370 APPENDIX. 3.-WILLIAM PENDRELL. WILLIAM PENDRELL = . . daur. of . of Boscobel, said to have lived unto Ks- William 3d's time, a&t. 84. Mary, daur. — of . . living in 1704, died before 1710-11. = William Pen- drell of Bosco- bel, gent., will dated 16 June 1704, proved 16 June 1706. Thomas Pen- drell sold lands at Kiddimore to his brother William, ob. S.P. . . Iones - left issue. — Frances had a pen- sion in 1695, being then aged. • . Lloyd — left issue. 1 = Ann, had a pen- sion in 1695, being then 1- aged. Thomas Pendrell == Mary, daur. of St- Paul's, Covt. of . . Cal- Garden, Distiller. cott. Will Will dated 16 PebJ- dated 1724. and proved 6 th March 1710-11. S.P. Thomas Howe, === Mary, had the lands at Kiddi- living 1704. more by her father's will- livs- 1710-11. William Howe, commonly called Major Howe. . . daur. of . Magdalen, daur. and heir. Rich**- Hill of Cheapside, Birmingham, Maltster. Richd- Hill Ed- = Mary, daur. of wards, Maltster, received the An- nuity 17 April 1829, then livs- at Birmingham Richards. II II Emma, Mary Anne. Matilda. Anne. Ill II Eliz«>. Sarah. Caroline. Harriet. Martha. [ R. H. B. ] APPENDIX. 371 4.-HUMPHRY PENDRELL. HUMPHRY PENDRELL, — ELEANOR, died in 1710; administration, in the Miller, witness to his I which she is called " of Boseobel, Widow," brother Richard's Will, granted to Mary Whitehurst, widow, her live- 1682, dead in 1710. daur., dated 23 Oct* 1710. Edmund Pendrell, = . . daur. of . . Mary, == Rich d - Whitehurst. adminis- Dead in 1710. tratrix to her mother. Frances, Humphry bapt. at Pendrell, the bapt. at Queen's the Chapel, Queen's Somers*- Chap., House, 9 July Oct 1 - 1678. 1676. Richard Pendrell, the only son nam- ed in his father's Will, also in the Protection of 1708; said by Mr Ellison to have been call- ed Roman Dick, and to have died S.P. Bapt. at the Queen's Chap., I**- Sep*- 1679. I Geo. Pen- . . daur. drell, not of named in his father's Will. Mary. Not men- tioned in her father's Will. : Iohn Barber. Zachariah Bird, ,= Eleanoi-. Mary, ob. S. P. Richard Healy of London. Anne. Thomas Bird, = . . daur. of.. Richard Healy, a Friar, received the Annuity till his death. William Bird, = . . daur. of Ioseph Hunt, of Long Island, U.S., Bridle - cutter, the annuitant, Apri- 1829. daur. and co-heir. Anne, daur. and co-heir. Kelita Broadhurst, of New York, ;U.S., Bridle-cutter. Annuitant, Apr*- 1829. [ R. H. B. 372 APPENDIX. 5.-J0HN PENDRELL. IOHN PENDRELL, daur. of Iohn Pendrell, . . daur. of.. George Pendrell, ob. S.P. Charles Pendrell, of daur. Two daurs. , said by Mr Pendrell of Aberdylais to have left issue. See page 366. Charles Pendrell, = of Alfreston, Co. Suff., Surgeon, ob. 1782. daur. of . . 'endrell, — Bo\irne, iss x -> ob. f- 1827. A son. A i . . daur. of.. 2 1783, give this acct-ofhis con nection with the family in a letter t Iohn Pendrell, of East Bourne. Se page 366. 5 — . . daur. of Iohn Martin Pe of the Glouc Hotel, Bright ceived the p< 1829. ndrell, ester >n, re- >nsion — . . daur. of .. Charles Pendrell, of Londou. See page 338. Thomas Pendre Scowerer in the Ki Kitchen, 17S3. 1, Qg'S I Iohn Richard Pendrell. Charles Pendrell 1. 2. 3. 1 1 1 Sarah. Susanna. Priscilla-Rhoda. [ R. H. B. ] Between the Pedigree of John Pendrell here given, and that ou next page, there seems a discrepancy. APPENDIX. 373 ►4 o w (4 cq c3 o o 03 o II m o > 3 eq o o |sq CO o W pq o o *-i 1 > 3^ T3 u a t>» Si Tj o a 1 5 tS t3 A :S* Si A s_.._ OQ bo .S d M 2 'go' ai2 ^■d 13 03 £ a J.g In &p-t &v -Otlj-3 i-j^coai .2? a TJP-, —.2 w "2*85 to ft. -I* _a W 374 APPENDIX. 7.-GE0RGE PENDEEIL GEORGE PENDRELL, = youngest son, serv*- to Mr Giffard of Whiteladies. r • ■ — . . daur. of . . Iohn Pendrell, = — . . daur. of . . George Pendrell, = ob. 18 Deer- 1745. = . . daur. of . . George Pendrell, — of Whitemoors, near Brewood, Co. Staff. — . . daur. of . . Iohn Pendrell, = of Birmingham, Joiner, the Annui- tant, April 1829. — Elizabeth, daur. of . . Perry. lames Ioseph William Pendrell. Pendrell. Henry Pendrell [ R. H. B. ] APPENDIX. 375 8.— EPITAPH ON RICHARD PENDERELL, At St Giles's in the Fields, London. The Monument is said, in the old newspaper from which this is extracted (in Coll. Arm.— Goff's Notes, 2), to have been cleaned and beautified, by order of his Majesty, in 1739. Here lietli RICHARD PENDERILL, Preserver and Comforter to His Sacred Majesty King Charles the Second of Great Britain, after his escape from Worcester fight, in the year 1651, who died Feby- 8, 1671. Hold, Passenger, here is shrouded in this hearse, Unparallel'd Pendrill, through the Universe, Like when the Eastern Star from Heav'n gave light To three lost Kings, so he in such dark night To Britain's monarch, lost by adverse war, On either appear'd a second eastern star, A pole astern in her rebellious main,- A Pilot to his Royal Soveraine ; Now to triumph in Heav'ns eternal sphere, He's hence advanced, for his just steerage here, "Whilst Albion's Chronicle, with matchless fame, Embalms the story of great Pendrill's name. [ R. H. B. ] 376 APPENDIX. 9.-FRANCIS YATES. FRANCIS YATES, — ELIZABETH YATES of Whitechapel, Co. Midd*-, widow, 1679. Revill or Nevill Yates, eldest son, dead in 1670. Rebecca, Elizabeth, daur. of . . dead in 1670. = Thomas Dyson Richard Yates of Kettering, Co. ofSt-Margw- Northants. Westmr., ob. S. P. I I I Frances, died Elizabeth, died Tho ? - Dyson. = in a nunnery in a nunnery abroad. at Rouen in Normandy. daur. Iohn Dyson. . . daiir. of Tkos- Dyson, ==z Alice, daur. of . . Thomas Daniel George . . Phillips, ob. 1756, ob. 5 ob. 7 Major S.P. Octr- Api- in ye 1759, 1753, army. S.P. SP. William Fenwick, = Anne. Lieut.-Colonel in the army. ; Anne. W*°- Win- net, _^ ! I I Mary. Tho s - Marg 1 - William lane. W T alk- Adlam of Lea- therhead, Co. Surrey, Capt. in the army. Ioseph Winnet, of Halifax, in Nova Scotia, rec<*- a 4* h share of the Annuity, Apl- 1829. I Thos- Walker of Annapolis Royal, U. S., a Merchant, reed- a 4 th share of Annuity, Ap'- 1S29. Iohn . . daur. Erasmus | of. . Adlam. Williain Fenwick, Lieut. R.A., reed, a 4 th share of An- nuity, April 1829- Charles Hemy Adlam, a?t. 9., rec d - a 4 th share of An- nuity 1S29. [ R. H. B. ] APPENDIX. 377 10.-FRANCIS YATES OP LONGLETOWN. ^ FRANCIS YATES, — MARGARET, daur. of . . of Longletown, near dead before y e Restorat"- Boscobel, dead be- fore the Restoration Nich the Midc son Fran anc Sept* )las Yates, of = Savoy, in Co. L x -. Gent., only , ob. 27 Api- 1691. 33 Frances, daur. of . . ob. Oct'- 1739. :es, sole daur. = . heir, mard- ■ 1708, ob. Aug. 1716. 3= Francis Rigmaden, of Alcester, Co. Warw k -, ob. at Twickenham, Co. Mid*-, Sepf- 1747. Frances, born 18 June 1709, o. c. 12 Sepf- 1733. Iohn Crawford, — Attorney-at- Law, ob. 1771. — Anne, born 19 Nov- 1710, md- circa 1743, bur d - at Hammer- smith, 1766-7. Francis Valentine = Sykes, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, Atty- at-Law, ob.at Yar- mouth, circa 1771. = Theresa, young- .... est daur., and at a son, length co-heir, ob. inf born 11 Oct 1- - 1713, md. 19 Nov 1- - 1734, burd. at Uppingham, Co. Rutland, 6 Apl- 1791. 1 1 William Crawford, gi eldest born circa 1 750 ; g 0n b livK-, married, but j n ft.' jgth S.P. 1791. Nov r. 1755. Francis, born circ. 1740, ob. in India, circ. 1764. Theresa, Grace, daur. — born 1749, of Francis ob. S.P. Burch, of Uppingham, m d - there. 1 — Henry Sykes, of the Crescent, New Bridge Street, and of Twickenham, Co. Mid*-> boru circa 1742. William Waddington of Chatham Place, Blackfriars, London, Esq., 1792. : Grace Valentine, born in Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, 14 Feby- 176S, mar d - at S fc - Anne's, Black- friars, 22d- Aug^ 17S8, living 1792. William Pendrell Waddington, born 11 th - Iuly 1791, baptd- in Bridewell Chapel, 23 d - Aug st - same year, eldest son, ob. S.P., ante 1833. I Henry Waddington, ob. inf*-> burd- m Bridewell Chapel. Thomas Waddington, 3 d - and only surviv- ing son, the Annui- tant in Dec 1- - 1833, at which period he was engaged in a negotiation with the Government for the sale of the pension. Born 1792. [ R. H. B. ] 378 APPENDIX. -8fc' : S2 & 31 O o3 BE pq O -BP© 00 opq ■S3 . bfl SO "go T3T3 £3 £?§ I 32 M -& 1 jj^pq >•; -i. - a o. fflo to , d S *- C C ^3 -S5-s«s CQ ■5 a itw lis* £^ r -a 1 & ft to , cJ I* |0 o H ■ 5*. _ a 2 c s o be o to ,£ -*f 03 i-t S, o ■ . ^ £ >> J3 - S <» I 14-, O ■ S^ 4, b-g : 0. 33 O tO 03 g» to 03 C31S ■*» * . . ^T3 • t| - 1 S g 5 r) e a aw c3 J a oo 2 • £^ » fl o a 5^1 00 H • 3 « w br 55 « -° -Is! c3 O bDo ■"loo to ? o "§ H t> tf P § « < 'W Fn a S » o fl rt , 2 cs ^ o *r cq — So ° "fH °° P" CO O 5 ~hK&£ -HS- * " rt n4 of 1-3 feo3^ pi =5" M o3 .11!: ^H CCj _g p Pi CO O 00 X . o-S t» o I* ~cq 2^ 1w ,2°d • '" d g^ >&: P3 q Q Org O 1 P!^ OH ^ SEh o a o § ^ g a *'? as ^2^s4J 03 ; ■3 °2^o .^ go Z^ co «#' lO to •« Ilia d co •A ^rH T3 ^ M w^ d r njoto M PS 1- * fi PS,d CD f g.p re-married Esther, wid. of Matthew Ingram, and 3<"y. Henrietta, wid. of S>'- R. Newdi- gate. Widow of lame Berney, ob. 1G94. Had (See next page.) Elizth- m d. "Wm. Horbyn, of New- ton, Co. Som*-. Esq. Frances. Rachel. Mary. Anne. All died unm d - Hugh Wyndh m -> IA Gen., killed in Spain, 1708, S. P. Edmund Wynd- ham, Gent 11 - Pension r - to King Charles 2, mi Mary King, ob. S. P. Anne, only daur. and heir. William lames, of Ightham Court, Co. Kent, Esq., ob. 1721. Demetrius lames, born 1699, ob. inft- Elizth., : only daur. of . . Ryegate, ob. 1798. I William lames, born 3 Dec*'- 1704, ob. 1781. Richard lames, Esq., Barrister- at-Law, b. 1705, ob. 1772, unm tl - Richard lames, of Igbtham Court, m d - Letitia, daur. of Thos- Gibbon, Esq, of Cranbrook, ob. 1807, S. P. William Turner, Accomptant to the S'- Catherine Dock Company, William Iosiah lames, Hind-' born 1745, man, ob. S. P. ob. 17S4. f Demetrius lames, Col. in the army, b. 1707, burd- at Hythe, Co. Kent. Sarah, Bella ob. 29<* Eliz"». Octi--, 1S15. Iohn Chaun- cey Iones. Anne, daur. of . . Matthews. Charles = Elizabeth, Sophia Anne, b. 1774, m. 1S07, live- 1819. Frances = Ioseph Maria, b. 1775. m. 1805, live-1819. Newell, of Wool- wich, Co. Kent, William lames Hindman, only son, twin with Frances Maria, o. c. 1804. Grevis, Capt. in the army. daur. and heir. Demetrius Grevis, succeeded to the estateof his cousin, Richard lames, and assumed the name of lames, in pur- suance of his will. William lames Turner, live- 1819. Frances Anne, livs 1819. I Sophia Sarah -Bell a, livs. 1819. APPENDIX. 389 WYNDHAM OF TRENT (Continued from preceding page.) Elizabeth, wid. of lames Berney, 1 st w. S 1 '- Francis Wyndliam, 3 d Baronet, 2 d son of S F. Wyndham of Trent, by bis wife Anne Gerard, born 1653, ob. 1715. Thomas Wyndham, Esq., only son, born circa 1682, live- Aug. 1714, but died before his father. Esther, daur. of . . Ellis, and wid. of Matt*. Ingram, 2d w. Lucy, daur. of Richd. Mead, of London, Merch*- Henrietta, daur. of Thos- Wiginton of Ham, Esq. , widow of Sr- Ralph Newdi- gate, remd. W m - Lowfield, 3 d wife, livs- 1748. S 1 "- Francis Wyndham, of Trent, 4"' and last Bart. born 1707,0b. 1719, S.P. Henry Bromley, created Lord Montfort 1741, ob. 1755. Frances, died in childbed, 11 ^ Feby- 1733. Charles Sloan e, 1st Earl of Cadogan, remd- Mary, daur. of Chas- Churchill, by whom he had issue, ob. 1807. I — Frances, Mai-y Anne, m. 1747, daur. of Sir ob. 1768. Patrick Blake, of Langham, CO Suffolk, Bart. — Thomas, 2d Lord, Montfort, born 7 Feby- 1733, m. 1772, ob. 1799. Chas- Heny- Sloane, 2 d Earl, livs- unmd. 1829. W> n - Henry Thomas George Cadogan, Clk. Cadogan, Cadogan, Vicar of Chel- b. 1752, b. 1754, sea, b. 1751, lost in his killed in m. 1782, lane, M.S. Glor- India, wid. of . .Brad- ieux, "1782. unmd- shaw, ob. 1797, 1780. S.P. Watts. Edward Henry Henry, = Eliz*. Cadogan, Cadogan, 3d Ld. daur. of b. 1758, b. 1761, . Montfort, ob. at S> ob. unmd- livs- 1831, Lucia, 1774. S.P. unmd. 1774. [ R. H. B. ] 390 APPENDIX. 2.— TABLE showing the Descent of .... WYNDHAM from King Edward I. and Philip the Bold of France. (See p. 381.) EDWARD 1st, King of England. Thomas of Brotherton, E. of Norfolk, and Marischal of Engld- ob. 1338. Margaret, eldest daur. of Philip y e Bold, King of France, 2<* wife. Alice, daur. of Sir Roger Halys. Edward, Margaret, = Iohn, IA Alice, == Edwd Montagu ob. S.P. daur. and i Seagrave. ob. S.P. sole h. Iohn, IA Mow- = Elizabeth, = S 1- - Walter Manny, Kn 1 - bray. Iohn, L d - Mow- bray, o. c. Thomas Mowbray, 2d son, 1 Duke of Norfolk. Eliz th - daur. of Anne. Richd- Fitz-Alan, E. of Arundel. Thomas, ob. S.P. Iohn, ob. S.P. Rob*- Howard, Kn*- Margaret. Isabel, lames, 4 th Lord Berklev. S r - Iohn Howard, = = Catherine, created Duke of daur. of the Norfolk, killed at Lord Molines. Bosworth field, 1483. S r - Richd- Colepeper. of Oxenheath, Co. Kent, Knt- Thomas, 2d Duke, had issue. S r - Edward Howard, stan- dard-bearer to K Hen? 8. Margaret. For issue of this marriage, see page 381 et scq. S'-- Iohn Wynd- ham of Crown- thorpe. I I S r - Edmund = Ioyce. Howard. King Henry 8 th = Catherine. Heiu-y Barham, of Bar- ham Court, Co. Kent, a quo Barham of Kent. Elizth. daur. [ R. H. B. ] APPENDIX. 391 No. IV.-THE FAMILY OP LANE. Family Coat of Lane. ADAM DE LONA, de W. Hampton. Iohn en la Lone, Richard de la Lone, 1315. I Andrew de la Lone, 1337. Wm. De Sardon, = Isabel, daur. | of Iwin de Hyde. W m - de la Hyde, — Roger de la Hyde, Geoffrey. "Walter, a Priest, S.P. Thos- Petronel. Gypwich. I Tho s - Gypwich Margaret, de la Hyde. If... Iohn de la Lone, 42 Edw d - 3, 1367. Ralph de = loan, Giles, la Hyde. I f. . • Iohn Nicholas. Richard Lone de - Halton, 9th Heny- 4 th - de Hyde, jure uxoris, 1st Heny- 5, ob. 16 Heny- 6, 1438. Elizabeth, m d - 1 st Hen)'- 5, 1413. Richard Lane, Esq. , daur. of . Thomas, 2 d - son of Iohn Fowko, of Guns- ton. Richard Lane, 2 d - son. Thomas Lane, 2 d son. Margery. Ralph Lane, f. et h., = loyce, dau ob. 17 Edw d 4 ofRob*- or Ralph Cres- set, 1477. Richard Lane, of Hyde, 15 Heny 7 th , ob. 3 Heny- 8, 1517. Anne, daur. of Iohn Har- court, of Raunton, 15 Heny- 7, 1475. Iohn Lane, of = * Margaret, daur. Bentley, ob. 19 of Tho s - Patrick, of Eliz. King's Bromley. Alice, Roger Patrick , of King's Bromley. Thomas Lane, == Catherine, daur. f. et h., ob. " I of Rich d - Trent- 1589. ham, Esq. Iohn Lane, 3 d son. Elizabeth. Iohn Lane, f. et h., = lane, daur. of ob. 3 d lames 1* S r - Edw d - Littleton, Kn*- Michael Lane, of Kernes, Co. Monm h -> Esq. , 3 d son. Cassandra, m d - Tho s - 3 d son of S r - Edw d - Little- ton. Thomas Lane, Esq., ob. 1600. Anne, daur. of Sr- Walter Bagot, of Blithefield, 2 d Bart. Alice = Alex r - Wightwick, Esq., ob. 1658. (See next page.) 392 APPENDIX. 2 I APPENDIX. 393 2.-GRANT, BY CHARLES II., Of Augmentation to the Arms of the Descendants of John Lane of Bentley. Whereas the King's most Excellent Maty hath, under his signet and sign-manual, signified unto me, Henry Earl of Peterborow, Deputy, with his Ma^es. approbation, to the Right HonWc Henry Earl of Norwich, Earl Marshall of England, his Royal pleasure touching an augmentation to the paternal Coat of the descendents lawfully issued from the body of John Lane of Bentley, in ye County of Staf- ford, Esq., in the words following : — CHARLES R.— To our right trusty andRight wel-beloved Cosen Henry Earl of Norwich, Earl Marsh"- of England, Greting : We calling to mind ye great and signal service per- formed to us by John Lane of Bentley, in com. Stafford, Esq. deceased, in his ready concurring to the preservation of our Royal person after the Battel of "Worcester, at which time, contemning the threatenings published by the Murtherers of our Royal Father against any who should conceal or assist us, and disdaining the Rewards proposed to such as should be instrumental in the discovery and destruction of our person, and not valuing any hazard his Family mig*- run with the duty of an unspotted allegiance, did by his great prudence and fidelity so conduct us as that we were able at length to retire to places of safety beyond the seas, have therefore of our own freewill and proper motion, given and granted unto the Descendents lawfully issued from the body of the said John Lane, this hon blc - remuneration as a notable mark or badge of his constant Fidelity ; That is to say, that Henceforth they shall bear in augmentation to their Paternal armes, Three Lions passant, gardant, Or, in a canton gules: and our will and Pleasure is that you do require and comand our servants, the Kings and officers of armes to Marshall and sett up in all proper places and occasions the Paternal armes of the said John Lane, with the augmentation aforesaid, and that you also direct and require the Register of our College of Armes to cause this our concession to be duly entred upon Record in the said College. Given under our Royal Signet and Sign Manual this 12 th day of July a - 1677, and in the 29 th year of our Reign. By his Maties. command, J. Williamson. These are there- fore, according to his Ma^es. Royal Will and Pleasure, signified unto me by his said recited Grant, to will and require yo u the Kings and other officers of Armes, and every of yo", to do and perform from time to time, as occasion shall require, all and every the duties and services which by his Ma*!'-, in and by his said Grant, are signified or ap- pointed to be done by yo u > every or any of yo". for or on the behalf of y e Descendents lawfully issued from the body of the said John Lane. — And for your so doing this shall be unto yo u > and every of yo". a sufficient warrant. Dated under my hand and the seal of the E. Marsha^ Office this 18 th day of Julij 1677, and in the 29 th year of his Mat<«. Reign. Peterborow. Examinatur per me Johan. Gibbon, B.M. una cum Gr. King R. Dr. [ R. H. B. ] 394 APPENDIX. 3.— ASSIGNMENT of Crest to Thomas Lane, by Heralds' College. To All and Singular to whom these presents shall come, S r . Will m - Dugdale Knt- Garter Principall King of Armes, and S r - Henry St- George, Kn*- Norroy King of Armes, send greeting : Whereas the R'- Hon*> le - Robert Eaid of Ailesbury, Deputy, with his Majesties approbacon, to his Grace Henry Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshall of England, hath by warrant or order under his hand and the seal of the. Seale of the Earl Marshall's office, bearing date the 27 th day of January last past, signified unto us that Thomas Lane of Bentley, in the County of Stafford, Esq., hath made application to him, the said Deputy Earl Marshall, for his consent to have such a Crest granted and assigned to him as may denote the Loyalty of his family, and he and his descendants may lawfully bear : And whereas the said Deputy Earl Marshall being highly sensible of the great and signal service performed by John Lane of Bentley aforesaid, Father of the said Thomas, in his ready concurring to the preservation of his Ma ties - person after the Battel of Worcester (as by his Ma ts - late warrant touching an augmentation to the Paternal Armes of the said John Lane, entr d - among the Records of the College of Armes, may more fully appear), did signify unto us his consent for our Devyising, granting, and assigning unto the said Thomas Lane such Crest as abovesaid. Know ye therefore that we, the said Garter and Norroy, in pursuance of the consent of the said Deputy Earl Marshall, and by the authority of the King's Letters Pattents to each of us respec- tively, granted under the Great Seal of Engl&> have devysed, and do by those presents grant and assign unto the said Thomas Lane, the Crest hereafter mentioned, Viz 1 - out of a Wreath Or, and Azure a Demy-Hoi'se, Strawberrie Colour, bridled sable, Bitted and garnished Or, supporting an Imperiall Crown Gold, as in the margin hereof is plainly depicted : To be borne and used for ever hereafter by him, the said Thomas Lane, and the heirs and other Descendants of his body lawfully begotten, at all times, and upon all occasions, according to the Law and practise of Armes, without thelett, interruption, dispute, or contradiction of any person or persons whatsoever. In wit- ness whereof, We the said Garter and Norroy Kings of Armes have to these presents subscribed our names and affixed the seals of our respective offices this 5 th day of February, in the One and thirtieth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second, by the Grace of God King of Eng w -, Scotland, France, and Irel d -> Defender of the Faith, etc a - Annoq. Dni 167S. Signed— Willm. Dugdale, Hen v - St George, Garter. Xorroj^. Eamd- Tho. May Chester, Gr. Kino- Rou?edra°-on. R. H. B. ] APPENDIX. 395 No. V. Colonel William Carlos. With respect to Colonel William Carlos, the companion of King Charles during his temporary occupation of the Royal Oak, it appears that he not only survived the Restoration, but lived to see the family for which he had exerted himself again expatriated. His will, dated in 1688, was proved in the Prero- gative Office, Doctors' Commons, in the October of the following year. By its contents, we may presume, that although he had once possessed a son, named after himself William (who died at the age of twenty-five, twenty years before his father, as is proved by a tablet erected to his memory at Fulham), yet at his decease he left no surviving legitimate issue, inasmuch as he bequeaths the whole of his property, some very trifling legacies excepted, to his " adopted son, Edward Carlos," then of Worcester, apothecary, and " his issue." Of the degree of relationship (if any) in which this Edward Carlos stood to him, there is no evidence. That he was a nephew is improbable, since one of the legacies above mentioned is a charge upon his estate of an annual payment of five pounds to his nephew, " William Carlos, son of my brother John ; " while that he was a natural child of his own, is also unlikely, as, after bequeathing his property, failing Edward and his issue, to " William, second brother, and third brother of the said Edward Carlos," successively, he gives the ultimate remainder to " the heivs-at-laiv of the said Edward Carlos," a circumstance which seems to prove his having been born in wedlock. From this Edward Carlos, and Dorothy his wife, daughter of Geo. Smith of Ashby Folville, co. "Leicester, the descent in the male line is unbroken, its present representative being his great-great- grandson, Edward John Carlos, Esq. of the Lord Mayor's Court Office, London. Colonel Carlos, as well as the Penderels, Wyndhams, &c, appears to have afforded an exception to the o-eneral charge of ingratitude towards his adherents brought 396 APPENDIX. against Charles, as, in addition to the grant of armorial distinc- tions, a more substantial proof of regard existed in the shape of certain ballastage dues on the river Thames, which, from the report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the improvement of foreign trade in the year 1822, appears to have been since annulled, as interfering with the rights of the Trinity House. It is no doubt in allusion to this grant that the colonel, in his will, bequeaths annuities to the amount of £300 per annum, to be paid in different proportions, " so long as the means shall be available out of monies to be paid by the Trinity House." APPENDIX. 397 COLONEL WILLIAM CARLOS. I Col. William Carlos, == sat in the Oak with daur. King Charles 2 d » of . . survived the Re- storation and Re- volution ; ob. 1689, bequeathing his property to Edward Carlos, his adopted son. Iohn Carlos, = mentioned in his brother's will. daur. of.. William Carlos, Dorothy, eldest — — Edward Carlos, William born 1643, ob. daur. of Geo. of Worcester, Carlos, S.P. vita patris Smith, of Queeni- Apothecary, mentioned 1668, burd- at boro', afterwards afterwards of in his Fulham, Co. of Ashby, Co. Broom Hall, uncle's Middlesex. Leicest. Co. Staff. will, living had two 1689. brothers, W 1 ". and. . ., called in the Colonel's will, " my adopted son." Charles — — Mary, Anne, Carlos, f. daur. of daur. eth. Robert of . . petition- Wilcox, Griz- ed Parlia- of Staf- zell, of ment for ford, ..Co. protec- gent. Warw. tion 1716. 1 1 II 1 — William Lawrence. Carlos. — Edward. Iohn. Catherine, nid- Thos- Child, gent. Dorothy, m d - . . Reding- house. Augustine. Anne, m d - . . Soames. Edward Eliz'h- Mary. William Carlos. m<>- Rob'- Carlos. Chambers. . . daur. Francis of Thos- Carlos, Smith of ob. S.P. Griffiths Maryle- bone. Eliz th - Dorothy, md. . . md. . . Fogg. Thomas Carlos, f. et. h. William Carlos == Grace, daur. of Edward and Anne Smith. Edward Iohn Carlos, in the office of the Lord Mayor's Court, 1829. 2 D [ R. H. B. ] 398 APPENDIX. No. VI. The Nortons op Abbots' Leigh. The manor of Leigh or Lega ; consisting of between four and five thousand acres, and otherwise called Abbots' Leigh, from its former monastic tenure, was granted after the Reformation by Edward VI. to Sir George Norton, knight, and his heirs. At the time of Charles II. 's escape, George Norton, Esq., the pos- sessor, resided there with his wife, the daughter of Sir Wil- liam Owen of Condover, Salop, and the friend of Jane Lane. To reward his hospitality, Mr Norton was knighted at the Restoration. He left a son, whose offspring (including a natural child who poisoned himself in Newgate, while under sentence for killing a dancing-master) are extinct. His daughter Ellen married William Trenchard of Gutteridge, Esq., and left ten children, from none of whom there are any accredited de- scendants, save from Frances Grace, wife of John Hippisley, Esq. The grandson of the latter, John William Hippisley, of Gutteridge, Esq., assumed the name and arms of Trenchard, and died unmarried in 1801, leaving two nephews sprung from his sister Ellen by different marriages — viz. John Ashfordby, LL.D. of Staunton-Fitzwarren House, Wilts, who has since assumed, by royal patent, the name and arms of Trenchard ; and Walter Long, Esq. of Preshaw House, Hants, and Kazeley Court, Oxfordshire, married to a daughter of the Earl of Northesk. APPENDIX. 399 No. VII. EPITAPH ON TOMBSTONE OF CAPTAIN TATTERSELL. P. M. S. Capt. Nicholas Tettersell, through whose prudence, valour, and loyalty, Charles the II d > King of England, after he had escaped the sword of his merciless rehells, and his forces received a fatal overthrow at Worcester, Sept r - 3d, ] 651, was faithfully preserved, and conveyed into France, de- parted this life the 26* July 1674. Within this marble tomb doth lye, Approved faith, honour, andloyaltie ; In this cold clay he hath now tane up his station, At once preserv'dthe Church, the Crowne, and Nation, When Charles the great was nothing but a breath, This valiant sowle stept between him and death ; Usurper's threats nor tyrant rebells froune Could not afright his duty to the Crowne : Which glorfsus act of his for church and state, Eight Princes in one day did gratulate, Professing all in debt to him to bee, As all the world are to his inemorie. Since Earth coud not reward his worth have given, Hee now receives it from the King of Heaven. In the same chest one je well more you have, The partner of his virtues, bed, and grave. Susannah, his wife, who deceased the 4th day of May 1762. To whose piouse memorie and his own honour, Nicholas, their only son, and just in- heritor of his father's virtiose, hath payed his last duty in this monument. Here also lyeth interred the body of Capt. Nicholas Tattersell, his son, who departed this life the 4* of the Calends of October 1701, in the 57 th year of his age. [ R. H. B. ] '1UNTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD .VXD SOXS, EDI.VBV HiiH. m Hm $