-^^^^^i H^ikarji 0f |Jct0-®itglaiTb pistorj) No. Ill fes^i- CHURCH'S PHILIP'S WAR Part II MAP OP PLYMOUTH'S PATENT OF TERHITORYON THE KENNEBECK.TO ACrnMPANY W DRAKE'S ADDITIONS TO BAYLIES S MEMOIR OF HEW PCYMOUTHFROM AN ENGRAVING IISJ. v*^ OF THE Eastern Expeditions Of 1689, 1690, 1692, 1696, and 1704 AGAINST THE INDIANS AND FRENCH By BENJAMIN CHURCH WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES By HENRY MARTYN DEXTER id^. Q, ■^^''VVashine^^'"' J. K. WIGGIN AND WM. PARSONS LUNT MDCCCLXVII I' Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1867, by WIGGIN AND LUNT In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts EDITION Cfao lijtmlirclr anti JFiflg (Coptfs, Small ©uarto CAMBRIDGE: PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON PREFATORY NOTE, T was not anticipated, when the First Part of these " Entertaining Passages " was issued, in the summer of 1865, that so long a period would elapse before the publication of the Second Part, relating to the later Eastern Expedi- tions. But various labors and engagements have neces- sarily delayed the progress and completion of the work, both of editing and printing, until the present time. It is hoped that the kind welcome accorded to the portion relating to Philip's War may not be withheld from this completing glance at the later Indian warfare, which engaged the prowess, if it did not materially augment the fame, of the brave man from whose later reminis- cences the story was set down. The endeavor has been constantly in mind to make this a fit companion volume for the First Part, — in careful- ness and abundance of illustration, in exa6l accuracy of reprint, and in all general features. PREFATORY NOTE. The map is a "^ True Coppy from an Ancient Plan of E. Hutchinson Esq. &c. &c.," which was reproduced from an engraving of 1753, to accompany Mr. S. G. Drake's late edition of Baylies's " Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Pl3'^mouth"; and has been kindly granted for use by that gentleman, — for whose varied courtesies in the preparation of these reprints their editor desires here to express his gratitude. In addition to acknowledgments already tendered, it is due also that thankful mention should here be made of the kindness of Dr. A. G. Wilbor, of Boston, and Mr. A. E. Cutter, of Charlestown, for the loan of copies of the rare first edition, to aid the accuracy of the work of revision. n. M. D. Hillside, Roxbuky, 1 2th April, 1S67. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. HEN the murder of Sassaiiion, in the winter of 1671, led to the breaking-out of "Philip's War," Plymouth had been settled fifty-four years; Dover, fifty-one; Boston, forty-four; Wethersfield, forty; Providence, thirty-eight; and Kitter}^, twenty-seven. There appear to have been then, within the boundaries of what is now Maine, thirteen towns and plantations ; * within what is now New Hampshire, f four ; within what is now Massachusetts, sixty - four ; J * Kitteiy; York; Wells; Cape Por- poise ; Saco ; Scarborough ; Falmouth ; Pejepscot; the plantations on the Sag- adahoc and Kennebec; Sheepscot and Capenewagen ; Damariscotta; Pema- quid ; Monhegan, with Gorges Islands and the opposite settlements upon the mainland. t Dover, Portsmouth, Exeter, Hamp- ton. X Plymouth, Salem, Charlestown, Boston, Dorchester, Roxbury, Water- B town, Medford, Cambridge, Ipswich, Newbury, Springfield, Concord, Wey- mouth, Dedham, Braintree, Lynn, Hingham, Scituate, Duxbury, Barn- stable, Sandwich, Yarmouth, Glouces- ter, Rowle}', Salisbury, Sudbury, Wo- burn, Reading, Eastham, Taunton, Marshfield, Haverhill, Wenham, An- dover, Hull, Bridgewater, Manchester, Rehoboth, Marblehead, Middleborough, Medfield, Topsfield, Maiden, North- ampton, Chelmsford, Billerica, Groton, HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. within what is now Rhode Island, six;* within what is now Conne6licut, twenty-three, f Vermont, as yet, was not. It is probable that the entire population of New England at this time, excluding Indians, was not far from eighty thousand. J The best computation suggests, on the same territory, at the same time, not far from 10,500 Indians, distributed among the tribes as follows: — Pequots 1,200 Narragansetts 4,000 Pokanokets, Nausets, &c 7°° Massachusetts 1,200 Pautuckets 1,000 Nipmuks 2,400 10,500 When the war broke out, Josias Winslow was Governor of Plymouth Colony — where William Bradford had been dead seventeen years; Miles Standish, eighteen; Edward Winslow, nineteen; and William Brewster, thirty; and where John Rowland had been dead scarcely one 3'ear. Marlborough, Hadley, Hatfield, Dart- New Haven, Guilford, Sajbrook, Mil- mouth, Swansea, Amesburj, Beverly, ford, Fairfield, Stratford, Greenwich, Milton, Wrentham, Lancaster, Mendon, Stamford, Branford, Farmington, New Deerfield, Brookfield, Sherborn, Edgar- London, Simsbury, Middleton, Nor- town, and Tisbury. walk, Stonington, Norwich, Killing- * Providence, Newport, Portsmouth, worth, Lyme, Haddam, and Walling- Warwick, Westerly, and Ncav Shore- ford, ham (Block Island). J See estimate of 78, 416 in Coll. Am. t Wethersfield, Hartford, Windsor, Statis. Assoc. '\: \^\. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. Indeed, of that one-half of the Mayflower's company (fifty) who survived the first year of the settlement, at least thirteen were still in the land of the living, though not all still within the limits of the Old Colony. George Soule and John Alden, in a hale old age, resided at Dux- bury; and Susannah White — who had enjoyed the singu- lar honor of being first the first mother in the new Colony, and then the first bride — was keeping still the house at Careswell, which her second husband, the honored Gov. Edward Winslow, had left to her possession. These three were already adults when the}^ first saw the New World. And, of the children who romped along the Mayflower's decks, there were still living Resolved White, who seems now to have been a resident of Salem; Giles and Con- stantia Hopkins, both at Eastham, — the latter the widow of Nicholas Snow; Henry Sampson, of Duxbury; Joseph Rogers, of Eastham; Samuel Fuller, of Barnstable; Sam- uel Eaton, of Middleborough; (Rev.) John Cooke, of Dartmouth; Mary Allerton, — who was destined to be the last survivor of the Mayflower company, dying in 1699, set. 89, — who still lived at Plymouth with her venerable and excellent husband. Elder Thomas Cushman, who came in the "Fortune," 1621; and Mary Chilton, now the recent widow of John Winslow, of Boston. Nathaniel Morton, who, five years before, had published his Neiv- England''s Alemoriall, was still Secretary of the Colony. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. In Massachusetts, John Leverett was Governor, and Edward Rawson, Secretary. Here Winthrop and Shep- ard had been dead twenty-five years; John Cotton, twen- t3''-two ; Dudley, twenty-one; Saltonstall, sixteen; John Norton, eleven; Richard Mather, five; John AUin, three; and John Davenport and Charles Chauncy, two; and here Thomas Cobbett still lived at the age of sixty-six, John Eliot at seventy, and Simon Bradstreet at seventy-seven. William Coddington was Governor, and John Sanford Recorder, of the " Providence Plantations," where Roger Williams was still hale and hearty (and ready to earn a new title as "Captain" in this war) at the age of seventy- five; and William Blaxton was very soon to be carried from his dreams among his folios to his rest on the banks of that beautiful river, which bears his name as it ripples by his grave. John Winthrop (son of Gov. John of Massachusetts) was Governor of the now united Colonies of Conne6licut and New Haven; where Samuel Eaton had been dead thirty-two years; Thomas Hooker, twenty-seven; Theophilus Eaton, seventeen; Samuel Stone, eleven; and John Warham, four. The settlements in what is now Maine had at this time but a single Congregational Church. In what is now New Hampshire, there were three.* In what is now Vermont, * One had been gathered at Exeter and no record exists of the formation in 1638, but it became extin(5l in 1641 ; of another until 169S. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. there was none. In Massachusetts, there were fifty-seven. In Rhode Island, there was none. In Connecticut, there were twenty-one. These, with their pastors, — so far as known, — at the breaking-out of the war, were the following; arranged in the order of their formation : — Plymouth (1620) . Salem (1629) . . Boston, First Church Windsor (1630) . Watertown (1630) Roxbury (1632) . Lynn (1632) . . Duxbury (1632) . Marshfield (1632) Charlestown (1632) Hartford (1633) . Ipswich (1634) . Newbury (1635) . Hingham (1635) . Weymouth (1635) Cambridge (1636) Concord (1636) . Dorchester (1636) Springfield (1637) Taunton (1637) . Sandwich (1638) . Hampton (163S) . Dover (163S) . . (I 63 o) John Cotton, Jr. John Higginson. James Allen, Nathaniel Chauncey. John Sherman. 1 John Eliot. ( Samuel Danforth. Samuel Whiting. John Holmes. Samuel Arnold. Thomas Shepard. Joseph Haynes. Thomas Cobbet. Thomas Parker. Peter Hobart. Samuel Torrey. Urian Oakes. i Edward Bulkley. I Joseph Estabrook, Josiah Flint. Pelatiah Glover, George Shove. John Smith. Seaborn Cotton. John Reyner, Jr. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. Salisbury (1638) John Wheelwright. Dedham (1638) William Adams. Quincy (1639) Moses Fiske. New Haven (1639) Nicholas Street. Milford (1639) Roger Newton. Barnstable (1639) Thomas Walley. Scituate (1639) Nicholas Baker. Rowley (1639) Samuel Phillips. Sudbury (1640) Edmund Browne. Stratford (1640) No pastor. Edgartown (1641) No pastor. Stamford ( 1 641) Eliphalet[?] Jones. Wethersfield (1641) Gershom Bulkley. Woburn (1642) Thomas Carter. Gloucester (1642) Jobn Emerson. Scituate, Second Church (1642) . . William Witherell. Guilford (1643) Joseph Eliot. Hull (1644) Zechariah Whitman. Rehoboth (1644) Noah Newman. Haverhill (1645) John Ward. Andover, North (1645) Francis Dane. Reading, South (1645) . . . . . John Brock. i William Perkins. ^ V ^o.* ( Jeremiah Hobart. Manchester (1645) No pastor. Eastham (1646 ) Samuel Treat. Branford (1647) John Bowers. Saybrook (1646) Thomas Buckingham. Maiden (1649) Michael Wigglesworth. Fairfield (1650) Samuel Wakeman. New London (1650) Simon Bradstreet. Boston, Old North (1650) .... Increase Mather. Medfield (1651) John Wilson. xiv HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. Nonvalk (1652) Thomas Hanford. Farmington (1653) Samuel Hooker. Chelmsford (1655) John Fiske. Beverly (1657) John Hale. Hadley (1659) John Russell. Lancaster (1660) Joseph Rowlandson. Nonvich (1660) James Fitch. Northampton (1661) Solomon Stoddard. Billerica (1663) Samuel Whiting. Wenham (1663) No pastor. Bridgewater, West (1664) .... James Keith. Groton (1664) Samuel Willard. Newton, Center (1664) Nehemiah Hobart. Marlborough (1666) William Brimsmead. Killingworth (1667) John Woodbridge. Mendon (1667) Joseph Emerson. Amesbury (166S) Thomas Wells. Middletown (1668) Nathaniel Collins. Boston, Old South (1669) Thomas Thatcher. Hartford, Second (1669) Joseph Haynes. Windsor, Second (1669) Benjamin Woodbridge. Woodbury (1670) Zechariah Walker. Greenwich (1670) No pastor. Hatfield (1670) Hope Atherton. Portsmouth (1671) Joshua Moody. Tisbury (1673) John May hew. York (1673) Shubael Dummer. Besides these eighty -two regular Congregational churches, there were six or seven Indian missionary churches; five Baptist churches — one founded at Reho- both (Swansey) in 1663, one at Boston in 1665, and three in Rhode Island: — the First Providence (1639), the First XV HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. Newport (1644), and the Second Newport (1656); — a society of Friends, which had been formed at Newport in 1656-7; and a church of Seventh-day Baptists, formed at Newport in December, 167 1. We have seen that the estimated number of Indians on the territory of New England at this time, was between ten and eleven thousand. Of these, about four thousand were then reckoned as " Praying Indians," and seem to have been won to some comprehension and pra6lice of Christianity. According to Gookin, whose " Historical Colle6tions of the Indians in New-England " bears date 7th Dec, 1674,* just before the breaking-out of Philip's War, these were, in large part, distributed as follows, viz: — Nonantujn (Natick) .... /'«»X'rt^0(7^(Stoughton) . , Hassa7iamesitt (Grafton) Okommakamesit (Marlborough) Watiiesit (Tewksbury) . . . Nashobah (Littleton) .... Magimkaqiiog (Hopkinton) Manckage (Oxford) .... Chabatiakoiigkomun (Dudley) . Maancxit (N.E. Woodstock) . ^iiatitisset (S.E. Woodstock) . Wabquisset (S.W. Woodstock) Packachoog (Worcester) . . Waeuntiig (Uxbridge) . . . Meeshaxv7i and Puno)iakanit (Tru ro and Wellfleet) .... Potanumaquut and Nazvseii (East ham) 145 60 60 50 75 50 55 60 45 100 100 150 100 50 72 44 Manamoyik (Chatham) .... 71 Sawkaifukett (Harwich), Nob- squassitt, Matfakccs, and l]"cc- qiiakut (Yarmouth and Barnsta- ble) 122 Satuit, PaTL'J>oesif, Coatuit, Mash- pee, and Wakoquet (Mashpee) . 95 Codtanmiit, Askimuit, Weesquobs (Mashpee and Sandwich) . . 22 Pisfogutt, IVazvayantik, and So- kones (Wareham and Falmouth) 36 Cotuhtiktit, Assooivamsoo (Mid- dleborough) 35 Kitteauiniit (Sandwich) .... 40 Nope (Martha's Vineyard) and Chappaquiddick 1 500 Nantucket 300 Mass. Hist. Coll. i : 141-226. xvi HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. Rev. Richard Bourne, missionar}^ among the Indians in the Pl3anouth Colony, reported, in 1674, that one hundred and forty-two could read their own language, seventy-two could write it, and nine could read English.*"* It will be seen from this enumeration, that the seat of the successes of the benevolent labor of John Eliot and his compeers was upon the Elizabeth Islands, upon Cape Cod, and in the country neighboring Boston; the great inland and remoter tribes remaining wholly unreached or unaffedled by them. The general aspect of New England at this time, Dr. Palfrey has admirably sketched in a few words. He says : — "Along a line of rugged coast, from the Penobscot to the Hudson, are scattered settlements of Englishmen, at unequal distances from each other, — closely grouped together about midway of that line, farther apart at the extremities. Almost all of them are reached by tide-water : a very few have been planted in detached spots in the interior ; the most distant of these being about a hundred miles from the sea, whether measured from the east or from the south. The surrounding country is not occupied, but roamed over by savages." f Maine was yet rough and primitive, in the extreme, in the quality of its settlers. Rhode Island was the paradise of schemers and dreamers, and come-outers of all sorts; from the high-souled advocate of pure and entire tolera- tion down to those fuss}^ and unendurable champions of * I Mi7ss. Hist. Coll. i : 197. t Hist. Nevj Englajid, iii : 132. c xvii HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. queer and petty principles, who were such crooked sticks by nature that they could not lie still even there. Plym- outh, badly situated both for commerce and culture, with no good harbor on her coast, and with her thin and sandy soil, had been able, even with the best efforts of her noble men, to move but very slowly forward in the path of em- pire. While, from the fa6l that her teachers were taken from her repeatedly by the superior attra6lions offered by wealthier neighbors, she had been compelled to occupy a lower place in the relative scale, than that to which she would have been entitled from the purity and worth of her founders, and her general patient industry. Massachusetts had advanced more rapidly. Every thing helped her, until she was strong, not merely relatively as compared with her neighbors, but as looked at from the mother-country across the sea. Conne6licut, too, was thriving. She had plenty of good land, wise and thrifty oversight, and gen- eral prosperity. Dr. Palfrey draws the pi6lure of daily life with a skilful pencil; thus; — " In the three associated Colonies, there is great similarity in the ordinary occupations and jDursuits. Most adults of both sexes work hard, and nearly all the children go to school. The greater part of the men get a living by farm labor : they jorovide bread and meat, milk, butter and cheese, for their own tables, and raise stock to sell in the West Indies for money with which to buy foreign commodities. But they are not all farmers. A portion are lumberers, plying the axe HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. through the "winter in the thick pine forests, and, at the return of spring, floating down their rafts to a sure and profitable market. Another portion are fishermen, ^.famihar with the haunts of the cod, the mack- erel, and the whale, and with all perils of the sea. In the principal towns, various classes of artisans pursue a lucrative trade. The country furnishes some staples for an advantageous foreign commerce ; and, especially in Boston, not a few merchants have grown rich."* Peace had reigned in these Colonies since the close of the Pequot war in the spring of 1636, — nearly forty years. The last colonist who had gained experience in savage warfare in that short but fierce struggle was now dead, or too old for service; while the youngest immigrants who had been trained to arms abroad were now in the same category. Slight and temporary misunderstandings and quarrels had taken place now and then; but the wise and scrupulously just policy which the Pilgrims at Plymouth had first initiated with the good Massasoit, had prevailed, and borne its natural and pleasant fruit. On the whole, the state of the Indians had been improved by the settling of the English at their side. Though they had parted with a good deal of the land over which they had been accustomed to roam, they had still enough reserved for their present wants. They had bettered their position, in their fight with nature for food and shelter, by many implements and suggestions from the superior culture of their white neighbors. And although their exposure to * Hist. Neiv England, iii : 134. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. the sedu6live "fire-water" had wrought them harm, and they were sometimes imposed u-pon by the cunning greed of crafty and unscrupulous settlers, the Colonial govern- ments were always administered in the endeavor to do them justice and afford them protection; and the proceeds of their hunting, or of their slight farming, now found ready and remunerative sale. In the single matter of the — to the English undesired, yet gradually accomplished — exchange of his bow and flint dagger and stone tomahawk, for the musket, hatchet, and hunting-knife of the white man, the Indian gained, for the legitimate uses of his own savage life, more than all which he had lost from the advent of civilization to these shores. Massasoit died in 1 66 1-2, and was succeeded in the sachemship of the Wampanoags by his eldest son, Alex- ander [3Iooanam, Wamsuttd]. His life was short after his accession. In a few months' time, it was rumored that he was plotting with the Narragansetts, — the bug- bear of the Colonies on the west, as the Maqiias were on the northwest, — and the Plymouth government thought the matter of sufficient consequence to be looked into. It is not improbable that an impression had been for some time gaining ground, that when the venerable sachem, who had welcomed Bradford and Winslow and their company at Patuxet, and had become their abiding friend, had passed away, certain tendencies toward dis- HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. turbance, on which he had kept a tight rein, and which others had repressed through respe6l for him, might find development. So a message was sent to Alexander to come to Plymouth, and talk over affairs. He ignored the invitation. As the Court had broached the subject, they felt that the general safety required that their summons should not be disregarded in that way; so they sent an armed party, under Majors Winslow and Bradford, to find and bring him. They found him not far off", at Monponset (in Halifax), and then, "freely and readily, without the least hesitancy," * he went with them. He told them that he had intended to come v^hen first invited, but wanted to delay long enough to consult Mr. Willett, in whom he had confidence. Hubbard's story f is, that when he had been dismissed on the promise to send his son as a hos- tage, he was so enraged at the indignities put upon him, that he fell into a fever, of which he died before he got half-way home. And out of this statement has grown the general representation, that his ill-treatment at the hands of the English was the means of his death, and was laid up as one prominent cause of the war, twelve years later. But the letter of Rev. John Cotton to In- crease Mather, — which Judge Davis prints in the appen- dix of the Memorial, and which has every element of trustworthiness, — from the dilation of Major Bradford, * Davis's Morton's Memorial, 426. f Narrative, 9. xxi HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. one of the chief a6lors, and a most competent witness, desiring expressly to corre6l Hubbard, puts an entirely different construction upon the event, and one intrinsi- cally much more in harmony with the probabilities of the case. Mr. Cotton says, — " Reports being here, that Alexander was plotting or privy to plots against the English, authority sent to him to come down. He came not. Whereupon Maj. Winslow was sent to fetch him. Maj. Bradford with some others went with him. At Munpouset river (a place not many miles hence) they found Alexander with about eight men and sundry squaws. He was there about getting canoes. He and his men were at breakfast under their shelter, their guns being without. They saw the English coming, but continued eating : and Mr. Winslow telling their business, Alexander, freely and readily, without the least hesitancy, consented to go, giving his reason why he came not to the Court before ; viz., because he waited for Captain Willet's return from the Dutch, being desirous to speak with him first. They brought him to Mr. Collier's, that day, and Governour Prince living remote, at East- ham, those few magistrates, who were at hand, issued the matter peace- ably, and immediately dismissed Alexander to return home, which he did, part of the way : but in two or three days after, he returned and went to Maj. Winslow's house, intending thence to travel into the Bay and so home ; but at the Major's house he was taken very sick, and was, by water, conveyed to Mr. Bradford's, and thence carried upon the shoulders of his men to Tetehquet river,* and thence, in canoes, home, and about two or three days after died." Upon his decease, his brother Philip \Poinetacont\ reigned in his stead. One of Philip's first a6ts was to renew the ancient covenant between his father and the * Titicui, or Taunton Great River, xxii HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. colonists ; and five years passed quietly away, when a vague charge was made against him of being willing to plot with the French or Dutch against the English. This he denounced as a calumny of Ninigret of Niaiitic, and the matter subsided. After nearly four years more, another rumor of his treachery gained so much ground as to demand investigation, and awaken solicitude at both Plymouth and Boston. An investigation revealed proofs of bad faith on his part ; and a bad spirit was clearly manifested by him, when questioned concerning them. But this matter was finally issued in his renewed engage- ments of fealty. Three years passed again, when the Governor of Plymouth was informed by Sassamon — a "praying" Indian, who had been schoolmaster at Natick, and who, being able to write as well as read, had some- times served Philip with his pen, — that there were sus- picious circumstances in Philip's camp, which gave color to the rumor that he was endeavoring to excite other sachems to war. This information was given under a demanded pledge of secrecy, as Sassamon said that Philip's Indians would kill him if they suspe6led him as its source. It somehow leaked out to Philip's ear, that the Governor of Plymouth had heard something to his disadvantage, and would send for him to come to the next Court to explain it. He therefore resolved to anticipate the matter by going without summons. He went to Ply- HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. mouth, accordingly, and saw the Assistants, — the Court not j'^et being in session, — and protested his innocence. They were not satisfied ; but hoped that he would be led to desist by his knowledge of their discovery of his plans, and so dismissed him in a friendly manner, with a warn- ing, that, should further evidence come up, they should be obliged to demand his arms for safe keeping. Philip went back to Mount Hope ; and, a few days after, Sassamon was missing. On search, his hat and gun were found on the ice of Assawompset Pond, in Mid- dleborough, and his body under the ice. It was dragged out, and buried ; and afterwards exhumed and examined, when marks of violence indicating murder, and not acci- dental drowning, became manifest. Three Indians were soon arrested on suspicion, and tried by a jury, to which six grave friend Indians were added, to insure fairness in the verdict. An Indian came forward and testified, that, by accident, from the top of a hill, he had witnessed the scene, and that Sassamon had been murdered by these prisoners. One of the prisoners subsequently confessed that he had stood by while the others did the deed. The jury convi6ted and sentenced the murderers, the Indians concurring; whereupon two were hanged, and the third, after a respite of two or three weeks, was shot. This seems immediately to have promoted the out- break, which took place with very little delay; the first HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. English blood being shed on or about the 24th June, 1675.^ It has been usual to picture Philip as a great king, a sagacious warrior, and a far-sighted patriot; and to repre- sent him as having been for years engaged in planning and perfe6ting a comprehensive conspiracy among all the Indian tribes on the New-England territory — and even upon that of New York — for the purpose of sweeping away, by one concerted blow, the hated white usurper, and of recovering to their own savage uses the whole of their ancient hunting-grounds. It has been usual to apolo- gize for the ill success of the a6lual strife, by asserting that it was so hurried up by the death of Sassamon, that the first blow was struck before due preparations to follow it up could be completed. Dr. Palfrey has shown, one would think to the general conviction, that there is a very small foundation of truth indeed on which to build this majestic, one might almost say magnificent, superstru6lure. He has shown that the English had used Philip habitually well ; that he had no real grounds of complaint against them ; that his frequent sales of land to them implies no unwillingness that they should have his hunting-grounds if they would pay for them, as they did ; that he gave no indications of great- ness, whether in council or confli6l ; that there is no proof * See Part I. p. i8. D XXV HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. that he dire6led or approved those hostilities about Mount Hope with which the war began ; that his movements im- mediately after indicated a much keener anxiety for his own personal safety than for the extinction of the colonists; tljat there is nothing to show that he directed the out- breaks which followed, and no evidence that he was per- sonally present and a6live in any particular fight ; that there was no manifestation of savage wisdom on the part of anybody in the management of the war; that attacks upon particular, much - exposed localities were delayed for weeks and months, which, if any such general conspi- racy existed as has been claimed, it is incredible should not have been simultaneous, or nearly so, when they would have been overwhelming; that, instead of hastening to join his waning fortunes with the Eastern Indians, when misfortune pressed him in his ancient haunts, — as he could have done in two days' easy march, — Philip retreated to the den whence he had originally gone forth, and there was shot ingloriously, while, unattended, he was attempting to run away; and that the war was waged at the Eastward, after his death, with more vigor than during his life, for nearly two whole years. In short. Dr. Palfre}^ makes it out, — and, as it would seem, on the best evidence, — that, instead of being a far-reaching, well-organized campaign, what we commonly call "Philip's War" was merely a succession of unconsidered and indiscriminate murders HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. and pillages, taken up by one body of savages after another, as the intelligence of the attra6tive example of others reached them; and rightfully conne6led with his name mainly as having been led off" by those bands who centred around Sowams, and over whom he had partial control.* The cotemporaneous records do certainly bear out this general judgment. There is a tradition mentioned by Callender, f as derived both from the white settlers in the vicinity of Mount Hope and from those Indians who survived the struggle, that Philip and his elder chiefs were utterly averse to the war. Increase Mather never seems to have heard of the all-embracing conspiracy, or of Philip's great statesmanship. Even Cotton Mather — much as one would think he would have enjoyed it — never mentions either. Hubbard is the only early writer who says any thing on which the popular judgment could be based. He does say that Philip had been "plotting with all the In- dians round about," &c. ; but he gives only vague rumor from some prisoners, as his authority, and does not seem himself to have attributed to his own words the impor- tance even which they might naturally convey. Easton — it is difficult to decide how much of accuracy and weight is to be attributed to the testimony lately pub- lished in his name — gives the following account of an * Hist. Neiv England, iii : 223-229. f R.-I. Hist. Coll. iv : 126. xxvii HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. interview which he asserts to have been held between Philip and some Rhode-Islanders just before the outbreak. He says:* — " [PhiliiD] came himfelf unarmed, and about 40 of his Men armed. Then 5 of us went over [Trip's Ferry], 3 wear Magiftrates. We fate veri friendly together. We told him our bifnes was to indever that they might not refeue or do Rong, They faid that was well ; they had dun no Rong, the Englifh ronged them. We faid we knew the Englifh faid the Indians ronged them, and the Indians faid the Englifh ronged them, but our Desier was the Quarrell might rightly be defided, in the befl Way, and not as Dogs defided their Qiiarrells. The Indians owned y* fighting was the worft Way ; then they propounded how Right might take Place, We faid by Arbitration. They faid that all Englifh agreed againft them, and so by Arbitration they had had much Rong ; mani Miles fquare of Land fo taken from them, for Englifla would have Englifh Arbitrators ; and once they were perfuaded to give in their Arms y! thereby Jealoufy might be removed, and the Englifh having their Arms wold not deliver them as they had promifed, untill they confented to pay a 100^, and now they had not fo much fum or muny ; y! thay wear as good be kiled as leave all ther Liueflyhode. "We faid they might chufe a Indian King, and the Englifh might chufe the Governor of New Yorke, y! nether had cafe to fay either wear Parties in the Diferance. They faid they had not heard of y* Way, and faid we oneflly fpoke, fo we wear perfwaided if y! Way had bine tendered they would have acsepted. We did end'eavor not to hear their Complaints, faid it was not convenient for us now to confider of, but to indever to prevent War ; faid to them when in War againft Eng- lifh, Blood was fpilt, y! ingaged all Englishmen, for we wear to be all under one King ; we knew what their Complaints wold be, and in our Colony had removed some of them in fending for Indian Rulers in what the Crime concerned Indians Lives, which they veri lovingly * A Relation of the Indjan Warr, by Mr. Easton, &c., pp. 7-16. xxviii HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. acsepted, and agreed with us to their Execution, and faid fo they were abell to fatiffie their Subjedls when they knew an Indian fufered duly, but faid in what was only between their Indians and not in Townefhipes, y* we had purchafed, they wold not have us profecute, and y' they had a great Fear to have ani of ther Indians fliuld be caled or forced to be Chriflian Indians. Thay faid y! fuch wer in everi thing more mif- chievous, only Diflemblers, and then the Englifh made them not fub- je6l to ther Kings, and by their lying to rong ther Kings. We knew it to be true, and we promiling them y! however in Government to Indians all flaould be alike, and y' we knew it was our King's will it fhould be so, y! altho we wear weaker than other Colonies, they having fubmitted to our King to prote6t them, others dared not otherwife to molefl them ; expreifed thay took that to be well, that we had littell Cafe to doute, but that to us under the King thay would have yielded to our Deter- minations in what ani fhould have complained to us againft them. " But Philip charged it to be difoneflly in us to put of the Hering to iufl Complaints, therefore we confented to hear them. They faid thay had bine the firft in doing Good to the Englifh, and the Englifh the firft in doing Rong ; faid when the Englifh firft came, the King's Father was as a great Man, and the Englifh as a littell Child ; he conflrained other Indians from ronging the Englifh, and gave them Corn and shewed them how to plant, and was free to do them ani Good, and had let them have a loo Times more Land than now the King had for his own Peopell. But ther Kings Brother, when he was King, came mifer- ably to dy by being forced to Court, as they iudge poyfoned. And another Greavance was if 20 of there onefl Indians teflified that a Englifhman had dun them Rong, it was as nothing ; and if but one of their worfl Indians teftified againfl any Indian or ther King, when it pleefed the Englifh it was fufitiant. Another Grievance was, when their King fold Land, the Englifli wold fay, it was more than they agreed to, and a Writing mufl be prove againfl all them, and fum of their Kings had dun Rong to fell fo much. He left his Peopell none, and fum being given to Drunknes the Englifh made them drunk and HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. then cheated them in Bargains, but now ther kings wear forwarned not for to part with Land, for nothing in Cumparifon to the Vakie thereof. Now home the Englifli had owned for King or Qiieen, they wold dif- inheret and make another King that wold give or fell them thefc Lands ; that now, the}^ had no Hopes left to kepe ani Land. Another Grievance, the English Catell and Horfes (till incrafed ; that when thay removed 30 Mile from where Englifh had ani thing to do, thay could not kepe ther Corn from being fpoyled, thay never being iufed to fence, and thoft when the Englifh boft Land of them thay wold have kept their Catell upon ther owne Land. Another Grievance, the Englilli were fo eager to fell the Indians Lickers, yl moft of the Indians fpent all in Di'ynknes, and then raueved upon the fober Indians, and thay did believe often did hurt the Englifh Catell, and ther King could not pre- vent it. "We knew before, thefe were their grand Complaints, but then we only indevered to perfuaid y* all Complaints might be righted without War, but could have no other Anfwer but that thay had not heard of that Way for the Governor of Yorke and an Indian King to have the Hearing of it. We had Cafe to think in y! had bine tendered it wold have bine accepted. We indevered y! however thay fhould lay downe the War, for the Englifh wear to Strong for them ; thay faid, then the Englifh Ihould do to them as they did when thay wear to ftrong for the Englifh. " So we departed without ani Difcurtioufnefs, and fudingly had Let- ter from Plimoth Governor thay intended in Arms to conforem Philip, but no Information what y* was thay requii-ed, or w? Termes he refufed to have their Qiiarrell defided ; and in a Weke's Time after we had bine with the Indians the War thus begun." If this is authentic, it is interesting, and indicates the utmost that — from his side of the question — a wily sav- age could then suggest in extenuation of the proposed outbreak. The insinuated poisoning of Alexander may HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. have been the utterance of an honest suspicion on the part of Philip and his friends: it sounds more like an advantage taken of the impossibility of contrary proof, to urge a con- scious and mischievous slander. Nor is there any thing in what Easton says to give color to the notion of a gen- eral conspiracy among all the tribes to crush out the whites. The results of the war were heavy to the Colonies. Ten or twelve towns were utterly destroyed, and two- score of others more or less damaged and depopulated. From five to six hundred men fell in the various fights, were murdered in stealthy assaults, or were carried away captive, never to return. More than i£ 100,000 were ex- pended in the struggle; and, at its close, it is estimated that the Old Colony was left under a debt which exceeded the value of the entire personal property of its people! As a natural consequence, the Plymouth Colonists were nearly discouraged. But, from her thin soil and her vari- ous industries, she gradually pushed on to square herself with the world, until she had paid the last dollar of prin- cipal and interest! The causes which aroused those later hostilities, which called out the several Eastern Expeditions recounted in this Second Part, were not different essentially from those which lay at the root of "Philip's War," except as the intermeddling of the French may have had to do with HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. exciting, exasperating, and sustaining them. The Indians grew more and more dissatisfied as the}^ saw the Colonists advancing in wealth and power, and every 3'ear fixing themselves with a firmer hold upon the soil. It was this inherent hostility between a savage race and that civilized one which it sees to be too strong for it, and to be mena- cing its fijture, added to the Indian's natural love for blood and pillage, which stimulated attacks which were sought to be excused by pretences that this treaty had not been faithfully kept, or that promise had not been honestly performed. It may be doubted, however, whether even the fierce savage of the eastern wilds would not have chosen to re- treat from the coasts toward the Five Nations without risking the chances of conflict, if he had not been urged on and aided and abetted even in his brutalest work, by the deadly hatred then borne by the French settler to his English competitor; in which the old hostility of race was supplemented and intensified by the ferocity of Jesuit- fanned fanaticism. When the echoes of the last hearty war-whoop died away among the New-England hills, a new leaf was turned in her history. Even her strong men breathed freer as they wrought along her frontiers; and her women slept sweeter, w-ith their little ones around them, ever}-- where under the deep shadows of her ancestral woods. — f»~^^o«^^H^^^o.^S>-* HISTORY EASTERN EXPEDITIOJ^S. [55] A further Account of the A6lions in the more later Wars againft the Common Enemy and Indian Rebels in the Eaftern Parts, under the Command of the aforefaid Capt. Benj, Church^ IN the time of Sir Edmund Androfs\'^ Government, began that bloudy War in the Eaftern Parts of New-England\ fo that immediately Sir Edmund fent an Exprefs for Capt. Church\ who then being at Little Compton^ received it on a Lords Day'* in 1 See Introdudlion, for fome account of the caufes which led to thefe " more later wars." 2 Sir Edmtatd Andros was born in Guernfey in 1632 ; went into the army, where, through favor of the Duke of York, he received promotion ; in 1664 was appointed Governor of the Duke's territories in America ; arrived at New York 31 0(5l., 1674; foon began to fu- pervife the moral and religious, as well as the civil affairs of the people ; in 1675, attempted in vain to extend his authority over Connedlicut. In Feb., 1685, the Duke of York, fucceeding to the throne as James II., appointed An- dros Governor of all the New-England Colonies except Connedlicut. He ar- rived atBofl:on2oDec., 16S6, and began to remove old officers, overturn ex- ifting inftitutions, and enter upon a prad:ical defpotifm. 12 Jan., 16S7, he aflumed the Government of Rhode If- land ; and, 13 June, that of Connedlicut, which he claimed by fupplementary in- ftrucflions. After the news of the land- ing of the Prince of Orange reached Bofton, an infurrecSiion took place there 18 April, 1689, and Andros was im- prifoned. In Feb., 1690, he was fent home to England, by command of Wil- liam III., who, in 1692, appointed him Governor of Virginia, where he for the firft time had a popular adminiftration, but returned to England in 1699 ; was Governor of Guernfey from 1704 to 1706; and died in London, Feb., 1714, at the age of 82. {^Governors of Mafs. Bay, 403-422.] 3 Capt. Church mull: have been at Saconet on a tranfient vifit, as he was at this time a relident of Briftol. [See Introductory Memoir., Part I., of this work, p. xxviii.] * The date of this occurrence would feem to be approximately fixed by the [55] the afternoon Meeting; going home after Meeting, took his Horfe and fet out for Bojlon^ as ordered; and by Sun rife next Morning got to Brantry^ where he met with Col. Page^ on Horfe-back, going to Weymouth and Hing- ham to raife Forces to go Eafb ; who faid he was glad to fee him, and that his Excellency would be as glad to fee him in Bojlon fo early: fo parting, he foon got to Bojlon^ probability that it muft have been be- tween the 20 0(5l., 1688, when Andros ilTued his proclamation feeking to fe- cure peace among the Eaftern Indians, and that time in the following Novem- ber (Hutchinfon {_HiJl. Mafs. i : 331] fays " in the beginning of November"; Willis [//{/?. Portland (ed. 1S65), 274] fays " early in November"; VVilliam- fon {^Hijl. Maine, i : 589] fays "late in November"), when he ftarted, with his force of 700 or Soo men, for the Eaftern country. ^ What was then known as Braintree is now known as Quincy; the prefent Braintree being at that time called Mo- natiquot. [Addrefs at the oJ)ent?tff of the nevj Town Hall in Braintree, July 29, 1858, by Hon. C. F. Adams, 67; Vinton Memorial, 463]. ^ Nicholas Paige was in Bofton in 1665 ; married Ann, daughter of Ed- ward Keayne, and widow of Edward Lane (which Ann was tried for adul- tery 23 May, 1666, and made confeffion of " much wickednes ") ; ferved in Phil- ip's War, and was witnefs to articles of peace with the Narraganfetts 15 July, 1675 ; was Captain of one of the com- panies raifed in Bofton on the over- throw of Andros ; was Captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com- pany in 1695. He is called " Lt. Coll." in 16SS. He died, probably, late in 1717. In the repairs made, in 1863, upon the Univerfity Library building in Leyden, Holland, there were found under the floor of that room which for many years was ufed as a chapel by the Scotch Prefbyterian Church, fix memo- rial ftones, and parts of twelve bodies. One of the ftones bore the following infcription : — Here lieth buried Edward Paige, onely fon of Nicolas and Anna Paige, born at Bofton in New England, Feb. 20, 1622, died in Leyden, Nov. i, 1680, N.S. The firft date ftiould, of courfe, be 1662, and this is clearly the Edward Lane of whom Savage fpeaks [Ge«. DiS. iii : 50] as the fon, of that birth-date, of his mother while ftill the wife of Ed- ward Lane ; whofe name, for fome wife reafon, was changed to that of his mother's fecond hufband, after her fec- ond marriage. [Savage's Geti. Di(5i. iii : 332. Mafs. Col. Rec. iv (pt. 2) .-309; Drake's Hifl. Bofl. i: 482. Leyden MSS.I [55] and waited upon his Excellency; who informed him of an unhappy War broke out in the Eaftern Parts; and faid he was going himfelf in Perfon, and that he wanted his Company with him: But Capt. Church not finding in him- felf the fame Spirit he us'd to have,^ faid, he hop'd his Ex- cellency would give him time to confider of it. He told him he mio-ht: and alfo faid that he muft come and Dine with him. Capt. Church having many acquaintance in Bq/lon, who made it their bulinefs fome to incourage, and others to difcourage him from going with his Excellency.^ So after Dinner his Excellency took him into his room and difcours'd freely; faying that he having knowledge of his former A6lions and Succefles; and that he muft go with him, and be his Second, with other incouragements. But in fhort, the faid Capt. Church did not accept, fo was dif- mift, and went home. Soon after this was the Revolution, and the other Gov- ernment Re-alfumed;^ and then Governour Broadjlreet^^ ^ This can fcarcely refer to any feel- ton ; and, two days after, Gov. Brad- ing incident to advancing age, for Capt. ftreet and the Magiftrates who had been Church was not yet 50. chofen in 16S6, refumed the direction of * Andros was at this time fo unpopu- affairs. [Hutchinfon's Hi/i. Alafs. i : lar, that very few perfons in Bofton 333-344-] would then be apt to advife a friend ^ Simon Bradftreet was born — the to aid him, or undertake any thing un- fon of a Non-Conformift minifter — at der him. Horbling, in Lincolnlhire, in March, 9 The fmothered flame broke out into 1603 ; took A.B. 1620 and A.M. 1624, the arreft of the Governor, a portion of at Emanuel College, Cambridge ; was his Council, and other obnoxious per- fteward of the Earl of Lincoln, and fons — about 50 in all — on Thurfday, then of the Countefs of Warwick; 18 April, 16S9. On the 22 May, the came with Winthrop in the " Arbella," reprefentatives of 54 towns met in Bof- 1630; fettled in Newtown (Cambridge), [55] fent for Capt. Church to come to Bojlon^ as foon as his bufinefs would permit: Where-upon he went to Bojlon, and waited upon his Honour;" who told him he was requefted by the Council to fend for him, to fee if he could be pre- vail'd with to Raife Volunteers both EngliJJi and Indians to go Eaft; for the Ealtward Indians had done great fpoil upon the EngliJJt in thofe Parts ;^^ giving him an account of the Miferies and Sufferings of the People there: Capt. Churches Spirits being afte6ted, faid, If he could do any Service for his Honour, the Country, and their relief, he was ready and willing: His advice was asked, How he would aft, he faid. He would take with him as many of his old Souldiers as he could get, both EngliJJi and In- lived afterward at Ipfwich, Ando- ver, Bofton, and Salem. He was the firft Secretary of the Mafs. Colony; Commiffioner of the United Colonies; Deputy Governor 1672-9; afterward Governor until 1686 ; was the head of the moderate party, but oppofed An- dros's arbitrary a6ls, and relumed his place at the head of affairs when An- dros was depofed, where he continued until Sir William Phipps came, in 1693, with the new Charter. He died 27 March, 1697, aged 94. He married (i) Ann, daughter of Gov. Thomas Dud- ley, by whom he had Samuel, Dorothy, Sarah, Simon, Hannah, Mercy, Dudley, and John ; (2) Ann, widow of Capt. Jofeph Gardner, and daughter of Eman- uel Downing. [Savage's Gen. Di6l. i : 236; N. E. Hijl. & Gen. Reg. i : 75.] ^^ The date of this is approximately fixed by cotemporary documents. Gov. Bradftreet wrote to Gov. Hinckley, 17 July, 1689, " We have written to Capt. Church"; and 2 Aug., 16S9, "Capt. Church having alfo been written to from hence thereabouts, who is now here with the Council treating about that affair," &c. [Hinckley Papers, 4 Mafs. HiJl. Coll. V : 204-5.] 1'^ In April, 1689, the Indians renewed hoftilities at Saco; and 27 June, Coche- co (now Dover, N.H.) was furprifed, and Maj. Waldron and- 23 others were killed, and 29 were taken captive, and fold to the French in Canada. 2 Aug., Pemaquid was deftroyed, and the in- habitants Eaft of Falmouth (Portland, Me.) withdrew in terror to that town, or removed to other places of fuppofed fecurity. [Mather's Magnalia (orig. ed.). Book vii : 64-5; Williamfon's Hijl. Maine, i: 6io; Willis's Hijl. Porlland, 275.] [56] dzans, &c. The Gentlemen of Bojlon requefted him to go [56] to Rhode- IJland Government to ask their affiftance: So giving him their Letter, and about 40 s. in Money, he took leave and went home to Briftol on a Saturday; and the next Monday Morning he went over to Rhode-IJland^ and waited upon their Governour,^^ delivering the Letter, as ordered; pray'd his Honour for a fpeedy anfwer: ^^ who faid, they could not give an anfwer prefently; fo he waited upon them till he had their anfwer; and when he had ob- tain it, he carryed it to the B0JI071 Gentlemen; who defired him to Raife what Volunteers he could in Plymouth Col- ony,^^ and Rhode-IJland Government, & what was wanting they would make up out of their's that was already out in the Eaftern Parts. The Summer being far fpent Capt. 1^ Walter Clark, eldeft fon of Jere- miah of Newport, was born about 1639 '■> was a Quaker; was freeman in 1665; 6 Nov., 1672, was member of a com- mittee to audit the accounts between the Colony and its creditors ; in 1673 and 1674 was on the committee to fee that the eledtion was conduced in an orderly manner; 2 May, 1676, was chofen Governor ; for many years after- ward was Deputy Governor, and then Governor again in 1686, and once more in 1696; died 23 May, 1714, aged 74. He married (i) Content , who died March, 1666; (2) Hannah, daughter of Richard Scott, who died 24july, 1681; (3) Freeborn, daughter of Roger Williams, and widow of Thomas Hart, who died 10 Dec, 1709; (4) Sarah, daughter of Matthew Prior, and widow of John Gould. [Savage's Ge?i. Did. i: 403; /?.-/. Col. Rec. ii : 147, 481, 483, 517, 541; iii: 30, 186, 312.] 1* When the Revolution oufted An- dros, the old Charter Government was refumed in Rhode Ifland, but the "wary Clark" — who had been Gov- ernor when Andros arrived and feized the State — " hefitated to accept his former poft ; and for ten months Rhode Ifland was without an acknowledged Governor." [Arnold's Hiji. R.-I. i : 512.] It was during thefe ten months that Church "waited upon him"; whence the difficulty of giving " an anfwer prefently" finds ready explana- tion. 1^ Plymouth Court met 14 Aug., 1689, and voted their " concurrence " accord- [56] Church made what difpatch he could, and raifed about 250 Men Vohinteers, and receiving his CommifTion from Go- vernour Hinkley^^ which is as followeth, viz. ' The Council of War of their Majeflies Colony of '■ New-Plymouth i^i New-England. To Major ' Benjamin Church, Commander in Chief. ' T T Tllereas the Kennebeck & Eaflern Indians with their ' ' ' Confederates, have openly made War upon their * Majefties Subje6ls of the Provinces oi Maine, New- Hamp- ing to their "weak capacity," in the meafures propofed by MafTachufetts to fubdue the Eaftern favages. They in- ftrudled their Commiffioners (i) to be fatisfied as to the grounds of the War ; (2) to take care not to be overcharged for its carrying on ; (3) to endeavor not to be involved in charges formerly contracted ; (4) to fecure due allowance to volunteers, and due bounty to the wounded ; (5) to arrange for difburfe- ments to be repaid in time convenient; (6) to ftipulate that what fhall be due to Plymouth foldiers fhall be paid here, to prevent charge of tranfportation and other lofs ; (7) that it be endeavored to engage the Mohawks as allies. It was alfo ordered " that the millitary officers of each town forthwith ufe their en- deavour to encourage Englifh & Indians to a volluntary going out in this pref- ent expedition under com'and of Capt. Church," &c. ; and that if a competent number fhould not volunteer " then fuch a number fhall be prefTed as fhall be by the Councill of war agreed upon in the feverall towns where vollunteers enough do not appear." It was further ordered, and I infert the order as curioufly intimating the proportionate ftrength of the towns of Plymouth Colony at this date, that " the proportion for men and armes for each towne for this prefent expedi- tion fhall be as followeth : each man to be provided with a well fixt gun, fword, or hatchet, a home or cartouch box, fuitable am'unition and a fnap- fack." viz : — M en. Ar lies. Men Amies. Plymouth, 4 3 Rochefter, 1 I Scituate, 6 S Monamoy, I I Marflifield, 3 3 Succoneffett, I I Duxborough, 2 2 Briftoll, 3 2 Bridgevvater, 3 2 Taunton, 4 4 Middleborough I I Rehoboth, 4 3 Barnftable, 4 3 Dartmouth, 3 2 Eaftham, 4 3 Svvanfey, 3 2 Sandwich, 3 3 Freetown, I I Yarmouth, 3 3 Little Compton, 2 2 {^Plym. Col. Rec. vi : 212-216.] ^•^ Thomas Hinckley was born in 1618, in Tenterden, Kent, being fon of Samuel, who came to this country in the Hercules, [56] ' Jliire^ and of the Majfachufetts Colony, having committed * many barbarous Murders, Spoils & Rapines upon their ' Perfons & Eftates. And whereas there are fome * Forces of Souldiers EngliJJi and Indians ^^ now raifed ' & detached out of the feveral Regiments «& Places within * this Colony oi New-PlymoMth, to go forth to the affiftance * of our Neighbours & Friends of the aforefaid Provinces ' and Colony of the MaJfacJmfctts^ Subje6ls of one and the ' fame Crown; and to joyn with their Forces for the re- ' pelling and deftru6lion of the common Enemy. And * whereas you Benjamin Church are appointed to be Ma- ' jor & Commander in Chief of all the Forces EngliJJt and ' Indians detached within this Colony, for the Service of ' their Majefties as aforefaid. ffi^i)CS0 are in their Majefties ' Name to Authorize & Require you to take into your care ' & conduct all the faid Forces Engli/Ii and Indians^ and * diligently to intend that Service, by leading and exercif- ' ing of your Inferiour Officers and Souldiers, commanding * them to obey you as their Chief Commander; and to ' purfue, fight, take, kill or deftroy the faid Enemies, their in 1635. He was Deputy from Barn- Experience Majhew, and another Sam- ftable as early as 1645, and Afliftant in uel Prince. [Otis's Hiji. Bartijiable, 1658; Deputy Governor in 1680; and 1:308-313.] Governor in 16S1, holding the office, i" Mr. Drake \^Book of the Indians, except when it was ufurped hy Andros, 270] ftates, on the authority of a MS. until the abforption of the Colony, letter of Capt. Baffett of this Expedi- when he was made Councillor of Mafs. tion, that there was an Indian Com- He died at Barnftable, 25 April, 1705, 072?. pany commanded by Capt. ^wo5, and 87. He married (i) Mary Richards; another by Capt. Z>a;«c/; while Church (2) Mary Glover, daughter of Lawrence feems to imply that the Saconet In- Smith, and widow of Nathaniel Glo- dians who were with him were under ver. One of his daughters married Capt. Numpas. [57] ' Aiders and Abetters, by all the wayes and means you ' can, as you fhall have opportunity. And you to obferve ' & obey all fuch Orders and Inftru6lions as from time to ^ time you fhall receive from the Commiflioners of the * Colonies, the Council of War of this Colony, or the Go- ' vernour and Council of the Maffachufetts Colony. In * Teftimony whereof the Publick Seal of the faid Colony * of New-Plymouth is here-unto affixed. Dated in Ply- * mouth the Sixth day of September, A^mo Dom. 1689. * Annoque Regni Regis et Regince Willielmi et Marise * AnglicB, &c. Priino. Thomas Hinkley, Prcjident. [57] And now Marching them all down to Bojion, then re- ceived his further Orders and Inftru6tions : which are as followeth, Bojlon, Septem. 16th. 1689. To all Sheriff's, MarJJialls, Conjlables, and other Officers Military and Civil, iji their Majejlies Province of Maine. ' "X'\ 7"Hereas purfuant to an agreement of the Commif- ^ ' ' lioners of the United Colonies, Major Benjamin ' Church is Commiffionated Commander in Chief over * that part of their Majelties Forces (levyed for the pref- * ent Expedition againft the Common Enemy) whofe ' head quarters are appointed to be at Falmouth in Cafco ' Bay. In their Majeflies Names, You, and every of you [57] are required to be aiding and affifting to the faid Maj. Churchy in his purfute of the Enemy, as any Emergency fhall require ; and to Imprefs Boats, or other VefTels, Carts, Carriages, Horfes, Oxen, Provilion and Ammunition, and Men for guides &€. as 3'ou fhall receive Warrants from the faid Chief Commander, or his Lieutenant fo to do : You may not fail to do the fame fpeedily and effe6tually, as you will anfwer 3'our negleft and contempt of their Majefties Authorit}'' and Service at your uttermoft Peril. Given under my Hand and Seal the Day and Year above Written. Annoque Regi Regis et Regince Willielmi & Mariee Primo. By Thomas Danforth,^^ Prejident of the Province of Maine. By the Govcrnoiir and Council of the Maffachufetts Colo?iy. To Major Benjamin Church. * T T THereas j'^ou are appointed and commiffioned by the ' ' ' Council of War of the Colony of New-Plymotith, ' Commander in Chief of the Forces raifed w^ithin the faid ' Colony, againft the Common Indian Enemy, now ordered '• into the Eaftern Parts, to joyn with fome of the Forces ' of this Colony; for the profecution, repelling and fubdu- 18 Thomas Dan forth, of Cambridge, Andros ; in i6So was appointed Prefi- was eldeft fon of Nicolas; was born dent for Maine, and, in 1692, Judge of in England; was freeman loMay, 1643; the Supreme Court; died 5 Nov., 1699. Deputy 1657-8; Affiftant 1659-78; Dep- He married Marj' Withington, of Dor- utj Governor 1679-86, and again after chefter. [Savage's Gen. Di(^. ii : 8.] 2 9 [57] ^ ing of the faid Enemy. It is therefore Ordered that ' Captain Simon Willard,^^ and Capt. Nathanael Hall^^ ' with the two Companies of Souldiers under their feveral * Command belonging to this Colony, now in or about ' Cafco Bay, be and are hereby put under you, as their ' Commander in Chief for this prefent Expedition. And ' in purfuance of the Commiffions feverally given to either * of them, they are Ordered to Obferve and Obey your ^ orders and dire6lions, as their Commander in Chief until * further Order from the Gov€rnour & Council; Or the ' Commiffioners of the Colonies. Dated in Bojlon the ' 17th day of September, A^ino Do7n. 1689. Annoque i'^ SimoJi Willard was third fon of Maj. Simon; born 23 Nov., 1649; free- man 16S0; Captain in this war; was Deacon; died 21 June, 1731. He mar- ried (i) about 1679, Martha, daughter of Richard Jacob, of Ipfwich ; (2) 30 April, 1702, Elizabeth, widow of John Wal- ley, and daughter of the fecond John Alden ; (3) July, 1722, Prifcilla But- tolph. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 555.] -^ I cannot identify this Captain, ex- cept by the fuppofition that he was the fame " Capt. Nathaniel Hall " who joined the Ancient and Honorable Ar- tillery Company in 1692, and who is barely mentioned by name, by Whit- man. \_HiJi. And. & Hon. Art. 228.] It feems to me that Mr. Savage is mif- taken in faying that he was that fon of the firft John of Yarmouth, who married Anne Thornton, jiracftifed as a phj'fi- cian. kept tavern, &c., &c. It is hardly probable that there were two cotempo- rary Nathaniel Halls of Yarmouth, both of whom fought the Indians. But that Nathaniel Hall who received grants from the Plymouth Colony in July, 1681, and July, 1683, and who was li- cenfed to keep an ordinary, in addition to a grant of £5 per annum, 5 June, 1684, to which £30 more, with the promife of £6 per annum, 'were added in June, 1685, — all on account of his " contenewed lamenefs " as "a de- criped fouldier, whoe became foe by a wound received in the late Indian warr," was of Yarmouth. And as he was thus an untitled penfioner up to 1685, it feems unlikely that he could have been the Capt. Nathaniel who marched under Church in 1689. ^I^- Otis, however, thinks he w^as the fame. [Savage's Gen. Did. ii : 336 ; Plym. Col. Rec. vi : 65, 112, 130, 132, 169; Freeman's Hiji. Cape Cod, ii : 203. Otis's HiJi. Barnjlable, i: 241.] [S8] * Rcgni Regis et Rcgince Guilielmi d Mariae Anglice, &c. * Prima. Pajl in Council, S. Bradftreet, GOV. Atteji Ifaac Addington, Sccrr^ [58] By the CommiJJioners of the Colonies of the Maffachufetts, Plymouth and Connecticut, for managing the prefent War againfl the Common Enemy. ' '^lllSttUCtiOUgi for Major Benjamin Church Commander ' in Chief of the Plymouth Forces, with others of the ' MaffacJmfetts put under his Command. ' TN Purfuance of the Commiffion given you for their A ' Majefty's Service in the prefent Expedition againfl the ' Common Indian Enemy, their Aidors and Abettors ; re- ' pofmg confidence in your Wifdom, Prudence and Fi- ' dcHty in the truft committed to you, for the honour of ' God, good of His People, and the fecurity of the Intereft ^ of Chrift in His Churches, expe6ting and praying that in * your dependance upon Him, you may be helped & ' affifled with all that Grace and Wifdom which is requi- ' lite for carrying you on with Succefs in this difficult Ser- ' vice ; and tho' much is and mufl be left to your difcretion ' as Providence and opportunity may prefent from time to ' time in places of attendence: Yet the following Inflruc- ' tions are commended unto your obfervation, and to be 21 Ifaac Addington, only Ton of Ifaac, Council, and Secretary, in which office ofBofton, born 22 Jan., 1645; was bred he continued many years. He was for a furgeon, but was chofen Deputy afterward Judge. He died 19 Mar., 1685, and next year Affiftant. Under 1715, (Et. 70. [Allen's Biog. Did. the new Charter, he was one of the 14.] [58] * attended fo far as the State of matters with you in fuch a ' tranfaftion will admit. You are with all poffible fpeed * to take care that the Plymouth Forces both EngliJJi and ' Indians under your Command be fixed and ready, and * the firft opportunity of Wind «& Weather, to go on ' board fuch Veflels as are provided to tranfport you and ' them to Ca/co, where if it fhall pleafe God you arrive, * you are to take under your care & command the Com- ' panics of Capt. Nathanael Hall^ and Capt. Simon Wil- ' lard, who are ordered to attend your Command, whom ' together with the Plymouth Forces, and fuch as from time ' to time may be added unto you; you are to improve in ' fuch way as you fhall fee meet, for the difcovering, ' purfuing, fubduing and deftroying the faid Common En- ' emy, by all opportunities you are capable of; alwayes ' intending the preferving any of the near Towns from ' incurfions, and deftru6lion of the Enemy, yet chiefly ' improving your men for the finding and following the * faid Enemy abroad, and if pofllble to find out & attach ^ their head quarters and principal Randezvouz, if you find * you are in a rational capacity of fo doing; the better to * inable you thereto, We have ordered two men of War ' Sloops, and other fmall VefTels for tranfportation, to attend * you, for fome confiderable time. You are to fee that ' yoxxr Souldiers Arms be always fixt, and that they be ' furniflied with Ammunition, Provifions and other necef- ' faries, that fo they may be in a readinefs to repel and * attach the Enemy. In your purfute you are to take [59] ' fpecial care to avoid danger by Ambufhments, or being ' drawn under any difadvantage by the Enemy in your ' Marches, Keeping out Scouts and a forlorn before your ' main Body, and by all poffible means endeavouring to ' Surprize fome of the Enemy, that fo you may gain intelli- ' gence. You are to Supprefs all Mutinies and Diforders * among your Souldiers, as much as in you lies, and to ' punifli fuch as dilbbey your Officers, according to the ' rules of War herewith given you. [59] * You are according to your opportunity, or any occa- ' fion more than ordinary occurring to hold correfpondence ' with Major Swaine^^ and to yield Mutual affiftance when ' and as you are capable of it, and you may have reafon to ' judge it will be of moll Publick Service; and it will be ' meet you and he fhould agree of fome Signal whereby ' your India^is may be known from the Enemy. You are ' to incourage your Souldiers to be induftrious, vigorous, '■ and venturous in their Service, to fearch out and deftroy * the Enemy, acquainting them. It is agreed by the feveral ' Colonies, That they ftiall have the benefit of the Captives, ' and all lawful Plunder, and the Reward of Eight Pounds ' per head, for every fighting India7i man flain by them, ' over and above their Stated wages ; the fame being made ' appear to the Commander in Chief, or fuch as fhall be ' appointed to take care therein. If your Commiffion Offi- 22 This appears to have been Jeremiah previous to this war, and was at the Swain, of Reading, who was Deputy head of a regiment in 1691. [Savage's 1686 and 1689, and Affiftant the latter Gcji. Dta. iv : 235; Mafs. Col. Rec. year. He was Captain for many years v: 476, 514.] 13 [ 59 ] cers or any of them fhould be flain, or otherwife uncapa- ble of Service, and for fuch reafon difmift, you are to appoint others in their room, who fhall have the Hke wages, and a Commiffion fent upon notice given, you to give them Commiffions in the mean time. You are to take effectual care that the Worfhip of God be kept up in the Army, Morning and Evening Prayer attended as far as may be, and as the Emergencies of your affairs will admit, to fee that the holy Sabbath be duely San6li- fied. You are to take care as much as may he to prevent or punifh Drunkennefs, Swearing, Curling, or fuch other Sins, as do provoke the anger of God. You are to ad- vife with your Chief Officers in any matters of. Moment, as you fliall have opportunit}^ You are from time to time to give intelligence and advice to the Governour & Council of the MaJfacJmfetts^ or Commiffioners of the Colonies of 3-our proceedings and occurrence that ma}^ happen, and how it lliall pleafe the Lord to deal with you in this prefent Expedition. ' If you find the Veffels are not likely to be Serviceable ' to you, difmifs them as foon as you may. ' Capt. Silvanus Davis^ is a prudent Man, and well 2^ Sylvanus Davis was at Sheepfcot time, being licenfed, in 16S7, "to retail 1659; fwore allegiance to the King liquors out of doors in the town of Fal- 1665; was wounded bj the Indians at mouth"; became unpopular in the days Arrowfick when Captain Lake was of Andros; commanded the fort; was killed ; removed to Falmouth (Port- captured by the French and Indians in land) 16S0; became a large land-owner ISIaj', 1690; was exchanged for a French- there, and had the moft extenfive ware- man 15 061., 1690; was put into the houfe in the Eaftern country at that Council by the Charter of William and 14 [59] * acquainted with the affairs of thofe parts, and is writt * unto to advife and inform you all he can. ^ Such further Inftru6lions as we fhall fee reafon to fend ' unto you, you are carefully to attend and obferve, and in '*the abfence of the Commiffioners, you fhall obferve the ' orders and inftru6tions dire6ted unto you from the Gov- ' ernour and Council of the Majjfachufetts. Given U7ider our hands in Bofton, Sept. i8. 1689. TJio. Hinkley Thomas Danforth, Prefident. ^ohn PVa//ey^' EliJJta Cooke'''' Samuel Ma/on ~^ William PitkinF Mary 1691 ; lived in his latter days at Hull, Mafs. ; died 1704, leaving a wife, but no children. He wrote an account of his capture, &c., &c., which is on file in the Mafs. State Paper Office, and was printed in 3 Alajs. Hijl. Coll. i : 101-112. [Willis's HiJl. Port. 21, 131, 208, 226, '231, 234, 258, 263, 2S4, 293; Savage's Ge7t. Di<^. ii : 21.] 2* John Wallcy was fon of Rev. Thomas, of Barnftable ; was born in 1643 ; was admitted to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery 1671 ; freeman 1673; Captain 1679; was interefted in the fettlement of Briftol ; was one of Andros's Council 16S6; was chief mili- tary officer of the expedition to Qiie- bec 1690; was Judge of the Superior Com-t 1700-H ; died in Bofton 11 Jan., 1712, cet. 68. He publillied a Journal of the Qixebec Expedition, which is contained in the appendix to the firft volume of Hutchinfon's Hiftory of Maf- fachufetts. He had a Angular contro- verfy with John Saffin, & in which Judge Byfield became alfo involved. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 400; HiJl. And. <& Hon. Art. 185 ; Freeman's HiJl. Cape Cod, i : 323 ; Walhburn's Judic. HiJl. MaJ's. 270.] 25 EliJIia Cooke, fon of Richard, of Deputy 1681-3 ; Affiftant 1684-6; of Bofton, was a phyfician ; freeman 1673; the Council of Safety 1689; "^^^^ agent 2S Samuel Ma/on was eldeft fon of July, 1664; Lieut. 1670; freeman 1673; Maj. John; born at Windfor, Conn., on the court-marllial for New London -' William Pitkin was of Hartford, Deputy 1675 ; Treafurer 1676 ; was Af- Conn., fon of Roger; freeman 1662; fiftant many years; Commiffioner for 15 [6o] [60] The Firfl Expedition, Eajt. BEing ready,^^ Major CJmrch imbarkVl with his Forces on board the Veffels provided to tranfport them fOr Ca/co,^^ having a brave Gale at S. W and on Fryday about 3 a clock they got in fight of Cafco Harbour; and difcour- fing tv^o or three fmall Ships there, not knowing before whether they were friends or enemies; whereupon the faid Commander Maj Church gave orders that every man that was able fhould make ready, and all ly clofe, giving orders how they fhould a6l in cafe they were Enemies: He going in the Mary Sloop, together with the Refolution went in firft, being both well fitted with Guns & Men; coming to the firft, hail'd them, who faid they were friends; for Mafs. in England, with Oakes and beth, daughter of Gov. Leverett. [Sav- Mather, 1690-1 ; Judge of Probate 1701 ; age's Ge7i. Di6i. i: 445; Bradford's died 31 0(5l., 1715. He married Eliza- New Etig. Biog. iii.] Co., 1676; Deputy from Stonington, He married (i) 1 ; (2) Eliz. Peck. 1678-82; Affiftant 1683-89; Captain [Co/. 7?t'c. C(7;/«. ii : 132, 201, 4S4; iii: 1685; afterward Major and Commif- 3, 17, 36, 66, 75, 106, 114, 170, &c. ; N. lioner for Conn.; died 30 Mar., 1705. E. Hijl. & Gen. Reg.y.^: 117, 118.] the United Colonies 1678 ; and to treat He married Hannah, only daughter of with Gov. Dungan 1683; CommilTioner Ozias Goodwin. [Savage's Gialia, Book VI. pp. and "Johana Swarton, York"; while 10-14] gives a narrative of the captiv- " Marj Swarton, girl, Dover," is named itj of Hannah Stvarion, who was as remaining ftill in captivity. [iV. E. taken by the Indians when Cafco Fort Hi/i. d- Ge/i. Reg. vi : 87.] was taken, in 1690, with four children ; It may, perhaps, be reafonable to her hufband being then flain. In No- fuppofe that John Swarton was huf- vember, 1695, Ihe reached Bofton, leav- band of Hannah, father of thefe chil- ing two of her children behind her in dren, and the informant of Church on Canada. She fays fhe lived in Beverly, this occafion. Mafs., before going to Cafco; while *° That is, an emigrant from the Ifle Savage \^Gen. Di<^. iv : 237] gives the of Jerfey, — in Englilli pofleffion, but in name of John Swarton as of Beverly, French neighborhood. Its native in- in 1672. In a lift of Englifh captives habitants fpeak moftly a French ^w/ow. ranfomed from Quebec by Matthew *^ "In the fame place, probably, Carey, in October, 1695, occurs the where one now ftands, on Grove Sti-eet." name of "Jolh. Swarton, boy, Cafcow," [Willis's Hijl. Port. 278.] [62] Company to come all together, ordering them all to run after him, who would go firft, and that as foon as they got over the Bridge to fcatter, that fo they might not be all fhot down together, expe6ting the Enemy to be at their Stands; fo running up to the Stands, found none there, but were juft gone, the ground being much tumbled with them behind the faid Stands: He orderd the Captain with his Company oi EnglifJi to March down to our Men in- gag'd, and that they fhould keep along upon the edge of the Marfh, and himfelf with his Indian Souldiers would INIarch down thro' the brufh: '*^ and coming to a parcel of low ground which had been formerly burnt, the old brufh being fallen down lay very thick, and 3'Oung brufh being grown up made it bad travelling; but coming near the back of the Enemy, one of his Men call'd unto him their Commander, and faid, That the Enemy run Wejliuard'^^ to get between us and the Bridge, and he looking that way faw men running, and making a fmall flop, heard no fir- ing, but a great chopping with Hatchets; fo concluding the fight was over, made the befh of their way to the Bridge again, left the Enemy fhould go over the Bridge into the Town. The men being moft of them out (our Ammunition lay expos'd) coming to the Bridge where he had left Six Indians for an Ambofcade on the other fide of the River, that if any Enemy offer'd to come over they *^ Church's plan feems to have been dians, he moved " acrofs lots" due to fend his Englilh Ibldiers along the north, so as, if pofTible, to flrike the curve of the edge of the marlh toward enemy in the rear. the battle-ground, while, with his In- ^^ By running weftward, the enemy 24 [63] fhould fire at them, which would give him Notice, [_6;^'] lb would come to their affiftance; (but in the way having heard no firing nor fhouting, concluded the Enem}^ were drawn off) he asked the Ambofcade, whether they faw any Indiafis? They faid, Yes, abundance. He ask'd them. Where? They anfwered. That they ran over the head of the River by the Cedar Swamp,^'' and were run- ning into the Neck towards the Town: There being but one Englijli man with him, he bid his Indian Souldiers fcatter, run very thin to preferve themfelves, and the bet- ter able to make a difcovery of the Enemy: & foon com- ing to Lieut. Clarks^^ field on the South-fide of the Neck, and feeing the Cattel feeding quietly, and perceiving no Track, concluded the Ambofcade had told them a falfe- would be able to pafs round Church's left flank, and get to the bridge, and into the town, in fpite of, and before him. *^ Church's Indians evidently fup- pofed that the hoftile party were run- ning far enough weft to flank the Ihort river, and go around its fwampy fource into the neck and toward the town, in- ftead of attempting to crofs the de- fended bridge. 5" Thaddeus Clark is faid by Rev. Timothy Alden (who gives no author- ity) to have been born in Ireland [Alden's American Epitafhs, ii : 98.] ; was at Falmouth, 1663, with his wife Elizabeth, then 18 years old, fecond daughter of Michael Mitton ; lived on the bank of the Cafco, juft above the point which ftill bears his name ; was 4 25 Lieut, of a company of town foldiers ; and, in an imprudent expofure of him- felf and his men, was killed, with thir- teen of his company, by the Indians, when they attacked Falmouth in 1690, and buried 4 July. His widow died in Bofton, in 1736, cet. 91. His eldeft daughter, Elizabeth, married Capt. Edward Tyng; another married a Har- vey, and was a widow in Bofton 17 19. His fon Ifaac fettled in Framingham, Mafs. ; married Sarah Stow, of Marl- borough ; had feven children; com- manded a company of troopers ; and died 26 May, 1768, cBt. 102, having lived 70 years with the wife of his youth. [Willis's Hiji. Port. 139, 141, 232, 283, 292 ; Barry's HiJi. Fram. 208 ; Savage's Gen. Didi. i : 400. Me. HiJi. Coll. i : 203-214.] [ 63 hood; they haftily return'd back to the laid Bridge, perceiving there was no noife of the Enem}^ He hearing feveral great Guns fire at the Town, concluded that they were either affaulted, or that they had difcover'd the Enemy: He having ordered that in cafe fuch fhould be, that they fhould fire fome of their great Guns to give him notice; he being a Stranger to the Country, concluded the Enemy had by fome other way got to the Town: whereupon he fent his Men to the Town, and himfelf going to the River, near where the fight had been; ask'd them^' how they did? and what was become of the Enemy? who inform'd him that the Enemy drew off in lefs than an hour after he left them, and had not fired a Gun at them fince. He told them he had been within little more than a Gun fhot of the back of the Enemy, and had been upon them had it not been for the thick brufhy p-round, &c. Now fome of his Men returning from the Town gave him the account, that they went while ^^ they faw the Colours ftanding & Men walking about as not molefled. He prefently ordered that all his Army fhould purfue the Enemy : But they told him that moft of them had fpent their Ammunition, and that if the Enemy had en- gaged them a little longer they might have come & knock'd them on the head; and that fome of their Bullets were fb unfizeable that fome of them were forc'd to make flugs ^1 That is, having fent the Indians troops, whom he liad left near the origi- who had been with him to the town, nal battle-field, he went back and hailed his Englilli °' '> While — until." [Bailey.] 26 [6,i] while they were ingag'd. He then orderVl them to get over all the wounded and dead men, and to leave none behind: which was done by fome Canoo's they had got. Capt. Hall and his men being iirft ingaged did great Ser- vice, and fuffered the greateft lofs in his Men. But Capt. Southworth ^ with his Company, & Capt. NumpoJJi ^"^ with the Seconit Indians, and the moft of the men belonging to the Town all coming fuddenly to his relief, prevented him and his whole Company from being cut off, &€. By this time the day was far fpent, and Marching into Town about Sun-fet, carrying in all their wounded and dead men;'^'* being all fenfible of Gods goodnefs to them, in 53 William SoutJnvorth, (probably youngeft) Ion of Conftant, was born 1659 ; fettled in Little Compton ; was fele6tman 1683-5 > ^^^ commiffioned Lieut, for Little Compton, 1689; was allowed (as Lieut., though Church forgot and called him Captain then) 255. per week for his fervice in this ex- pedition; married (i) Rebecca , and had Benjamin, Jofeph, Edward, Elizabeth, Alice, Samuel, Nathaniel, Thomas, and Stephen; (2) , and had Gideon and Andrew. \Ply7n. Col. Rec. vi : 108, 129, 168, 223, 229; Sav- age's Gen. Di<^. iv : 143.] 5* See Part I. note 173. ^ Church enclofed in his letter to the home authorities, the following '• lifte of the men that was flain in a fite at Falmouth, and alfo how many was wounded in faid fite," under date of 21 Sept., 1689; which is ftill pre- ferved in the Mafs. State Paper Office, as follows : — " of Capt. Hall's foldiers, 6 flain, — Thomas Burton, Edward Ebens, Thomas Thaxter, Thomas Berry, John Mafon, David Homes, of Capt. Davis's Company, 2 flain, — Giles Row, Andrew Alger (belonging to the fort of the town). alfo, , 3 flain, — An Indian. A negro of Col. Tyngs, Capt. Brackett (carried away or flain). Making n in all killed. Wounded, 6 friend Indians, and of Capt Davis's Company James Freeze, Mr. Bramhall, Thomas Browne, Mr. Palmer, — inhabitants. Total. 21 flain and wounded." Willis adds that Freeze, Bramhall, and one friend Indian, died of their wounds. [//{/?. Port. 280.] In relation to the enemy's lofs, Church [64] giving them the Vi6tory, and caufing the Enemy to fly with fhame, who never gave one fhout at their drawing off. The poor Inhabitants wonderfully rejoyced that the Almighty had favoured them fo much: faying, That if Maj. Church with his Forces had not come at that junc- ture of time, they had been all cut off; and faid fur- [64] ther, That it was the firft time that ever the Eajiward In- dia7is had been put to flight, and the faid Church with his Volunteers were wonderfully preferved, having never a inan kill'd out right, and but one l7idian mortally wounded, who dy'd,^^ feveral more being badly wounded, but re- covered. After this ingagement Maj. Church with his Forces ranging all the Country thereabout, in purfuit of the En- emy; and vilitingall the Garrifons, at ^'^ Black Pozjit, ^^Spur- wrote, 27 Sept., faying, " We know not vet what damage we did to the enemy in our laft engagement, but feveral things that they left behind them on their flight we found yefterday, which was guncafes and ftockings and other things of fome value, together with other figns that make us think that we did them confiderable damage." [3 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. i : 92.] ^' Mr. Drake \_Book of Ind. 270.] ftates, on the authority of the MS. let- ter of Capt. Baffett, that the Indian who was killed was named Sam Mojes. [See the letter. Drake's Baylics's Plym- outh, p. 77.] ^■^ Black Point lies in the town of Scarborough, on the fhore E. of the mouth of the Oxvajkoag River, and be- tween it and the Spur-vink. Origi- nally all the country between Saco and Spurwink was called Black Point, [il/e. Hiji. Coll. iii: 17.] In 16S1 a ftrong fort was built "upon the plains between Moor's Brook and the South- eaft end of the great pond," at the in- ftance of Capt. Jolliua Scottow, the garrifon of which, at this time, was under command of his fon Thomas. llbid. 132, 133.] ^* Spur-vi»k fettlement lay between the mouth of Spurwink River and Cape Elizabeth, in the foutherly angle of the town of Cape Elizabeth. The garrifon feems to have been at the houfe of Do- minicus, fon of Rev. Robert Jordan. \_Me. HiJl. Coll. iii: 137; Williamfon's HiJl. Me. i : 29.] [64] wink, and Blew Point ; ^^ and went up Kennebeck River,'^° but to little effe6l. And now Winter drawing near, he received orders from the Government of the Maffaclmfetts- Bay, to fettle all the Garrifons, and put in fuitable Officers according to his bell difcretion, and to fend home all his Souldiers the Volunteers and tranfports; which orders he prefently attended.^^ Being oblig'd to buy him a Horfe to 59 Blue Point was in the S.-W. part of the town of Scarborough, on Saco line, not far W. of Black Point. The garrifon appears to have been at Philip Foxwell's (fon of Richard) houfe, near- ly oppofite to where Mill Creek flows into the Oivajhoag. ^'^ The mouth of the Ketuiebec is fcarcely more than 30 miles N. E. from Falmouth. Williamfon fays Church afcended the river " feveral leagues." {Hiji. Me. i : 617.] ^1 The following document — among the valuable additions recently made to Baylies's Memoir of Plymouth Colofiy, by Mr. S. G. Drake — demands a place here, defcribing, as it does, Church's adlion not merely, but dilclofing, alfo, the names of fo many of his com- panions, and the proportions in which they were diftributed among the vari- ous garrifons : — " Province of Maine "Scarborough the nth Nouember, 16S9. " Att a Council! of warr held at the point Garrifon Prefent Major Benjemen Church, Capt Sylvanus Dauis, Capt. William Baffitt, Capt Simon Willard, with the reft of the Comiffion Offecers of Saco, Felmouth and Scarborough. " Itt is Ordered that one hundred theire Majefties Horfes now in this pref- ent Exspedition againft the Coinan Enimie, be detached out of the feu- erall Companyes, which Ihould number for the fecurity of the Garrifons there Relident, and in Cafe any of the Ene- mie be difcovered or Any tracks of them be made in this winter Seafon, untill further force be fent that may Advance to theire head Quarters. " Souldiers Quartered in the towne Ship of Saco twenty men ; in theire two Garrifons. In the townfhip of Scarboi-ough twenty men in theire Garrifons viz : three Sperwink In- cluded. "Felmouth the 13 Nouember: Att a Councill of Warr held in perfuance of what is above written, by Major Benjamen Church, and the officers abovefaid. Added Capt Nathaniel Hall, Leiut Thaddeus Clark, Leiut Eliflia Andrews, Mr. Eliflia Gallilbn, Leiut George Ingerfoll, Leiut Ambrous Davis, Mr. Robert Lawrance, Mr. John Palmer and others &c. "Itt is ordered that fixty fouldjers be Qiiartered in Felmouth, befides the Inhabitents, and the Souldjers that fliall Belonge to the ftbart, which iTiall 29 [64] go home by land, that lb he might the better eomply with his orders. The poor People the Inhabitants of Cafco and Places Adjacent, when they faw he was going away from them, lamented fadly, & beg'd earneftly that he would fuf- fer them to come away in the Tranfports; faying if he left them there, that in the Spring of the Year the Enemy would come and deftroy 'em and their Families, &c. So by their earnefl requeft the faid Maj. Church promifed them, that if the Governments that had now fent him, would fend him the next Spring, he would certainly come with his Volunteers and Indians to their relief: And that be ffifteen Souldjers befides the Com- ander and Gufier, and the Remayner to be fent to Bofton, to be Ready to Returne Accordinge to Order. " Itt is Oi-dered that there be A Suf- ficiant Garrifon Ere6ted about Mr Gal- lifons houle for a ma3'ne Court of Guard, Together with Mr Robert Law- rance, his Garrifon, which two Gar- rifons are to be fupplyed with the Sixty Souldjers left for to guard the faid towne. '' Itt is Ordered that Capt Nathaniel Hall is to take Charge as Coiuander in Cheife of thole fforces that are lefft for the defence of the Above faid three Townes, Thofe Souldjers that belong to Foart Loj'all only to be under the Comander of faid Foart. " Ordered that Leiut Richard Huni- well, is to Take the Charge and Con- dudl of the twenty Souldjers quartered at Blew-point Black point and Spur- winck Garrifons, as he the faid Leiiil. Munivvell lliall Recaive orders from time to time from the faid Coiiiander in Cheife. " Itt is Ordered that Enligne John Hill is to take the Care and Conduct of thofe twenty Souldjers Quartered at Saco Garrifon as the faid Enfigne Hill Ihall Recaive orders from time to time, from his faid Comander in Cheife. " Itt is Ordered that the fforty Sould- jers ported att Saco, Scarborough and Spurwinke are to be obedient unto the Coinanders of the feverall Garrifons where they fhall be ported whilrt in Garrifon, but to Atend the Coiiiands of Leiut. Huniwell and Enfigne John Hill refpedtively as they are Concerned upon theire fcoutinge or marchinge out : Given under my hand this 14th of Nouember : 1689 • " By Concent of faid : Councill " p mee "BENJAMIN CHURCH Coiiiander in Cheilc." [Drake's Baylies' s Hijl. Mem. Plym. Col. Part 5. p. 84.] 3" 65] as foon as he had been at home, and taken a little care of his own bulinefs, he would certainly wait upon the Gentle- men oi Bojlon, and inform them of the Promife he had made to them; and if they did not fee caufe to fend 'em relief, to intreat their Honours feafonably to draw them off, that they might not be a prey to the barbarous Enemy. Taking his leave of thofe poor Inhabitants fome*'" of the chief men there waited upon him to Black Pointy to Capt. Scottaways Garrifon ; coming there they prevailed with the faid Capt. Scottaway to go with him to Bojlon^ which he readily comply'd with, provided the faid Church would put another in to Command the Garrifon; which being done and taking their leaves one of another, they fet out and travelled thro' all the Country home to Bofto7i\ (hav- ing imploy'd himfelf to the utmoft to fulfill his Infhruftions lalt received from Bojlon Gentlemen, which coft him about a Months Service more and above what he had pay from Plymouth Gentlemen) and in his travel homeward feveral Gentlemen waited upon the faid Maj Church who was oblig'd to bare their Expences. When he came to Bojlon Gentlemen, he inform'd them of the miferies thofe poor People were in by having their Provifions taken from ^- Thomas Scoitotv (Scof/azvay) was of the garrifon his father had built; fon of Jofhua, of Bofton and Scarbor-- fubfeqiiently to the war, and his father's ough; was born 30 June, 1659; gradu- death, difgufted with the favage hoftili- ated at Harvard College, 1677; was at ties incident to refidence there, he fold Black Point, 1679; fwore allegiance, his Scarborough property to Timothy 1681 ; was appointed Regifter of Pro- Prout, and left the place. [Savage's bate and County Commiflioner under Ge». Did. iv : 40; Williamfon's Hiji. Andros in :6S8: in 1689 had command Mc. i : 692: Willis's Po;-//a«(f, 220.] [65 J them by order of the Prefident, ^c.^^ Then went home; ftaid not long there before he return'd to Bojlon^'"^ where Capt. Scottaway waited for his coming, that he might have the determination of the Government of Bojlon to carry home with him; and it being the time of the Small Pox^^ there (and Maj Church not having had it) taking up his Lodging near the Com't-houfe,^*^ took the firfl opportunity [65] to inform thofe Gentlemen of the Court his bufmefs; who faid they were very bufy in fending home Sir Ed- mund^ the Ship being ready to Sail.*^^ The faid Maj. 63 " Prefident Danforth, bj requiring of them provifions for a fupply of the military, had brought them into great diftrefs." [Williamfon's Hijl. Me. i : 618.] 6* As, on the 6th Feb., he had been waiting in Bofton three weeks, the date of his " returning " to that city, here mentioned, muft have been about Wed- nefday, 16 Jan., i6|-|. 65 The fmall-pox raged in Bofton during the fpring and fummer of 1690; and this teftimony of Church's fhows that its ravages had commenced as early as January, i6||. Samuel Green, jr., the printer, died, after an illnefs of three days with it, in July, 1690; and his wife followed him a few days after. In Auguft, 1690, a fon of Rev. John Cotton wrote to his father, "The fmall-pox is as bad as ever." [Thomas's HiJl. Printing., i : 282.] 66 The firft Bofton Court Houfe, or Town Houfe, was begun to be built about 1657. It ftood where the " old State Houfe" now ftands, in the head of State Street, and was burned in the great fire of 171 1, being built of wood. [Drake's Hiji. Boji. i : 350.] ^^ The exaift date of the fhipping of Andros for England feems to have been fingularly unnoted in the records of the time ; and is, perhaps, more nearly determined by what Church fays here than in any other way. Hutchinfon fays \_HiJl. Mafs. i: 349], "The firft opportunity (the beginning of Febru- ary) after the arrival of the King's order, he, with Mr. Dudley and feveral others, embarked for England." Mr. Drake \_HiJl. BoJi. i : 486] fays, " Some time in the winter following [that of i6|^], an order was received from their Majefties to fend the prifoners over thence ; and they were accord- ingly fent in the firft Ibip bound to that country." The author of the Life of Andros {^Governors of Mafs. Bay, 419] fays, "In February, 1690, they were fent home to England." Elliott {_Nexv-Eng. Hifi. i: 380] fays, "In February, 1689, with Dudley and fome 32 <^5 I Cktirck ftill waiting upon them, and at every opportunitv intreating thole Gentlemen in the behalf of the poor People of Ca/co, informing them the necellity of taking- care of them either by fending them relief early in the Spring, or futfer them to draw off, otherwife they would certainly be deflroj^ed, &c. There anfwer was, They could do nothing till Sir Ed7nund was gone. Waiting there three weeks upon great expences, he concluded to draw up fome of the circumftances of Cafco and Places Adjacent, and to leave it upon the Council-Board, before the Governour & Council; having got it done, obtained liberty to go up where the Governour and Council was fitting, he inform'd their Honours, that he had waited till his Patience was wore out; fo had drawn up the matter to leave upon the Board before them: which is as follows. To the Honoured Governour and Council of the Maffachufetts. Gentlemen, WHereas by verttie of Yours with Plymouths defires and Commands, I went Eaftward in the lafl Expe- dition againfi the Common Indian Enemy, where Providence others, he was fent awaj to England." make it clear, that, fo far as he was in- Barry {_H{Jl. Mafs. i : 508] fajs, "By formed, as late as the 6th Feb., i6|| the firft opportunity the prifoners were there was no immediate probability fent to England in the fliip 'Mehitabel,' that the Ihip would fail; as, had he Gilbert Baut, mafter," and places in feen fuch a probability, having waited the margin the date of " Feb. 9, i6fa." three weeks, he would have been likely The date of Church's communication to have waited at leaft a very few davs to the Governor and Council feems to longer in hope to fecm-e his end. 5 Zl •55 1 fo ordered tJiat ive Attacked their greatejl body of Forces, coming then for the Deflru6lio7i of Falmouth, which zve know Marched off RepuVfl with confiderable Damage, leav- ing the ground, and never fine e feen there, or in any Place Adjacent : the time of the Year being then too late to profe- cute any further defign, and other Accidents falling contrary to my expeftatio7i, Impeeding the defired Succefs. Upon my then Removal from the Province of Maine, the Inhabitants were very Solicitous that this Enemy might be further Prof edited, willing to venture their Lives and Fortunes in faid Enterprise, wherein they might ferve God, their King and Country, and injoy Quiet & Peaceable Habitations ; Upon which I promifed to fignifie the fame to J ^02ir Selves, and willing to ventue that little which Providence hath be- trufled me with on the faid account. The Seafon of the Year being fuch if fome fpeedy Aflio7i be not perforined in Attacking them, they zvill certainly be upon us in our Otit Towns {Cjod knaivs where^ and the Inhabitants there being not able to Defend themfelves, without doubt many Souls may be cut off, as our lafi Years Experience wofully hath declared ; The Inhabitants there trufi toyour ProteSlion, having under- taken Government and your Propriety, ^^ If nothing be per- formed on the faid account ( The befl way under Corre^ion "") is to Demoliffi the Garrifon, and draw off the Inhabitants, that they may not be left to a Mercilefs Enemy ; and that the Arms and Ammunition may not be there left for the C8 "Propriety — property." [^Ba/ley.'\ judgment, holding myfelf liable to cor- t*^' That is — "the beft way, in my region by _\ our luperior wifdoin." 34 [66 J JirengiJnihig of the Encfny, who without doubt have need enougJi^ having exhaitjlcd their greateji Store in this Winter Seafon : / have performed my Promife to them, and ac- quitted my felf in Specifying the fame to your felves '. Not that I defire to be in any A^ion {althd' williftg to ferve my King & Country^ and 7nay pafs under the cenfure of Scandalotis Tongues in the lafl Expedition, which I hope they ivill amend on the firfl opporttmity of Service. I leave to the Mature Confideration, the lofs of \^^ Trade and Fi/hery, the War brought to the Doors ; what a Triimtph will it be to the Enemy, derifion to our Neighbours, befidcs difJionour to God and oicr Nation, and grounds of froiuns fro7n our Prince, the fruflration of thofe whofe eyes are upon you for help, who might have otherwife apply ed themf elves to their King. Gentlemen, this I thought humbly to propofe unto you, that I might dif charge tny felf in my tru/l from your Selves, and Promife to the Inhabitants of the Province, but efpecially m.y Duty to God, His Majefly and my Nation, Praying for Your Honours Profperity, Subfcribe, A true Copy given in at Boflon, Your Servant, this 6th of February 1689. Benj. Church. At the Council Board. Attefl T. S. Maj. Church faid moreover that in thus doing he had comply'd with his Promife to thofe poor People of Cafco, and fhould be quit from the guilt of their bloud ; the Gov- ernour was pleafed to Thank him for his care & pains taken. Then taking his leave of them went home, and 35 [66] left Capt. Scottaway in a very forrowful condition, who re- turn'd home fometime after with only a Copy of what was left on the Board by the faid Church. Maj. Church not hearing any thing till May following and then was in- form'd, That thofe poor' People of Cafco were cut off by the barbarous Enemy: and that altho' they made their terms with Monfieur Cajieen, who was Commander of thofe Enemies, yet he fuffered thofe Mercilefs Salvages, to Maffacre & Deftroy the moll of them.''' To conclude this firfl Expedition, Ea/l ; I fhall juft give you a hint how Maj. Church was treated (altho' he was Commander in Chief of all the Forces out of Plymouth and Bojion Gov- ernment) after he came home, for Plymouth Gentlemen paid him but Forty two Pounds '^"'^ telling him, He muft go to BoJlon Gentlemen for the reft, who were his imployers as well as they. Of whom he never had one Peny for all Travel and Expences in Railing Volunteers, and Services done; except Forty Shillings or there about, for going from BoJlon to Rhode- IJl and on their bufinefs, and back to ^ Fro7itetuic fent a body of French ''i Plymouth Colony voted, 25 Dec, and Indians with a large company of 1689, to pay Major Church '• £10. (be- Tarratines under Ca^in, early in May, fides what he hath received from the againft Falmouth. They made their Bay) more than his wages by the weeke, attack 16 May, and 20 May. Cajliti and that his weekly wages as Major in having "lifted his hand and fworn by ye late expedition be 40 a-." ; and "that the great and everliving God " to keep Major Church Ihall have £5. cafli, the articles of furrender, the garrifon and Capt. Baflltt £3. cafh, part of of Fort Loyall furrendered ; to find what is due to them from the Colony every article violated, with infult. abufe. paid to them by the Conftables of Pli- and the mod fiendilh atrocities. [3 mouth out of the lalt rate." \_Plyiii. Mafs. Hiji. Coll. i : 101-112. J Col. Rec. vi : 2.-9.] 36 [ 67 ] Bq/lon again: Alio for lending a Man to Provide7ice for Capt. Edmunds'^^ (who raif'd a Company in thofe Parts) and went Eajl with them. The Second Expedition, Eaft. TN the Year 1690. was the Expedition to Canada^ and -^ Maj. Walley often requefted Maj Church that if he would not go himfelf in that expedition, that he would not hinder others: He anfwered the faid Walley^ That he fhould hinder none but his old Souldiers, that us'd to go along with him, &c. And the faid Church going down to Charlejlown to take his leave of fome of his Relations,"^ and Friends, who were going in that Expedition, promifed his Wife and Family not to go into Bojlon, the Small Pox being very brief '^^ there.""^ Coming to Charlejlown, feveral of his Friends in Bojlon came over to fee him; and the next day after the faid Chtcrch came there, Maj. Walley [67] came to him, and inform'd him. That the Governour ''■'^ See Part I, note ii6. manders." [Hinckley Papers, 4 Mafs. ■^3 John Walley wrote, 21 Apr., 1690, Hiji. Coll. v: 247.] This "Lieut, to Gov. Hinckley, "The Indians of Southward" was doubtless Church's Dartmouth and Seaconnet — which are brother-in-law, William Southworth about 100 men, 50 or more armed — [see note 53, ««/c] ; and, if he went have had a meeting: chofe Lieut. to the war, he was probably one of the Southard for their Captain or Com- "relations" here referred to. Mr. Drake mander, and one Daniel Eaton ; un- thinks he was (by his nickname Bill) der whom they are willing to ferve the "B. Southworth " of Part I. page 35. the Englifh, if we Ihould be affaulted. ''* An evident mifprint for "rife" They have chofe Captain Numpas and which Dr. Stiles corredted. another Indian for their Indian Com- ''•'' See note 6s, ante. [ 67 ] and Council wanted to I'peak with him: lie anlwered him, That he had promis'd his Wife and Family not to go into Bojion ; faying, If they had any bufinefs, they could Write to him, and that he would fend them his anfwer. Soon after came over two other Gentlemen with a Meilage, that the Governour & Council wanted to have fome dif- courfe w^ith him: The anfwer return'd was, That he in- tended to lodge that Night at the Gray-hound in Roxbury^ and that in the Morning would come to Pollards at the South End of BoJlon \ ""^ which accordingly he did : foon after he came thither received a letter from the Honour- able Capt. Sewall'^ to requefl him to come to the Council; "^ Will/am Pollard was fon of Wil- liam and Ann (who was wont to boaft that l"he went over in the firft boat that crolTed Charles River, in 1630, and was firft to jump albore at what is now Bol- ton), b. 20 Mar., 1653; m. Margaret ; had William, b. 21 Dec, 1687 William again, 2 Apr., 1690, and Jona- than. Joined the Ancient and Honor- able Artillery Co., 1679. He kept an " ordinary," as I learn from the record, (through J. Wingate Thornton, Efq., from the kindnefs of W. I. Bowditch, Efq.,) a little over 100 ft. juft fouth of Eliot St., on Walhington St. [Sav- age's Gen. Did. iii : 449; Whitman's Hiji. And. (& Hon. Art. Co. 211.] 17 Samuel Sewall, fon of Henry, was born atHorton, near Bafingftoke, Eng., 28 March, 1652 ; came to New England with his mother 1661 ; graduated at Harvard Coll. 1671 ; was Captain of militia in Bollon, and Major of the regiment 1675-6; admitted freeman 1678 ; joined the Ancient and Honor- able Artillery Co., 1679; '^^^ Captain of it 1701 ; Superintendent of the prefs 1681 ; Affiftant 1684-6, and again 16S9- 92 ; Judge of Superior Court 1692, and one of fpecial Commiflion to try the witches; Judge of Probate for 1715; Chief-juftice 1718-1728; died in Bofton, 30 Jan., 1730, cut. 78. He was a book- feller at one time, and printed an edition of the catechifm with his own hand. He is now chiefly re- membered for his copious notes of the fa<5ls of the time, in journals, alma- nacs, &c., &c. He married (i) 28 Feb., 1676, Hannah, only furviving child of John Hull, mint-mafter, by whom he had John, Samuel, Hannah, Elizabeth, Hull, Henry, Stephen, Jo- feph, Judith, Mary, Sarah, Judith (again), and another; (2) 29 0(5t., 1719, Abigail, daughter of Jacob Mel- 3S [67] the anfwer he return'd by the bearer was, That he thought there was no need of his hazarding himfelf fo much as to come & fpeak with them; not that he was afraid of his Life, but becaufe he had no mind to be concern'd any further, by reafon they would not hearken to him about the poor People of Cafco. But immediately came Mr. Maxfield^^ to him, faying, That the Council bid him tell the faid Church, That if he would take his Horfe and ride along the middle of the Street there might be no danger, they were then fitting in Council: He bid him go and tell his Mafters, Not to trouble themfelves, whether he came upon his head or feet, he was coming: however thinking the return was fomething rude, call'd him back to drink a Glafs of Wine, and then he would go with him. So com- ing to the Council, They were very thankful to him for his coming; and told him that the occalion of their fending for him was, That there was a Captive come in who gave them an account, That the Indians were come down and had ta- ken poffeffion of the Stone Fort at Pejepfcot^^ fo that they wanted his advice & thoughts about the matter; whither ven, and widow of William Tilley and Savage admits that the name may be James Woodmanfey ; (3) 29 Mar., 1722, the fame as Maxfield. He was a mem- Mary, daughter of Henry Shrimpton, ber ofthe "Scot's Charitable Society," and widow of Robert Gibbs. [Savage's in Bofton, in 1684. [Savage's Gen. Gen. Dia. iv : 55 ; Hijl. And. & Hon. Dia. iii : 183 ; Drake's Hijl. Boji. i : Art. 208; Wafliburn's yiidic. Hijl. 455.] Mafs. 258-263.] '^^ Pejeffcot fort was fituated on the '** James Maxzvell was doorkeeper for weftern fide of what are now known as the Governor and Council and Court Pejcpfcot Lower Falls, or Brunfwick in 1693, and was probably the man falls, on the Androfcoggiyi. [William- Church here had in mind. Indeed, fon's Hift. Mc. i : 46, 590. 624.] .>9 [67 J they would tarry and keep in that Fort or not? and whither it was not expedient to fend fome Forces to do Ibme fpoil upon them; and further to know whither he could not be prevaiTd with to Raife fome Volunteers and go, to do fome fpoil upon them? He anfwer'd them, he was unwilling to be concern'd any more; it being very difficult and chargeable to Raife Volunteers, as he found by experience in the laft Expedition. But they uling many arguments prevail'd fo far with him, That if the Govern- ment of Plymouth faw caufe to fend him (he would go) thinking the Expedition would be fhort. Took his leave of them & went home. And in a fhort time after there came an Exprefs from Governour Hinkley^ to requeft Maj Church to come down to Barnjiable to him: he having received a Letter from the Government of Bojloji to raife fome Forces to go Eajl ; whereupon the faid Maj. Chu7^ch went the next day to Barnjiable^ as ordered; finding the Governour and fome of the Council of War there,^° dif- ^ The Council of War at this time, John Thacher, (Yarmouth,) by law of 1671, was COmpofed of the John Walley, (Bamftable,) r- A \rr(x t n John Culhing, (Scituate.) Governor and Amilants as annually chofen, " and a like number of other To thele were added, in 1689, to make trufty and able men chofen alfo by the "P ^he Council of War, the following. General Court, and from year to year ^'^ ' filled up, if by death removed, or Nathaniel Byfield, (Briftol,) otherwife any of them be wanting, or ^'P'' J^^^t^an Sparrow, (Eaftham,) ; ^ , . \„ Lieut. Ifaac Little, (Marflifield.) incapacitated to perform their truft. The Governor and Affiftants this year Who, of the number formerly ap- ^ygj-g . pointed, held over to complete the number, we are not informed. [Brig- ham's Laws of Col. of Ne-w Ply John Freeman, (Eaftham,) 285; Plvtn. Col. Rec. vi : 205, 212.] Thomas Hinckley, Gov., (Bamftable,) j- ^ ■, j- -kt r^r William Bradford, Dep. Gov., (Plymouth,) ^am S Laws of Col. of New Ply, 40 [68] cous'd him, concluding that he fhould take his Indian Souldiers, and two EnglifJi Captains with what Volunteers as could be railed ; and that one Capt. fhould go out of Plymouth and Barnjlable County, and the other out of BriJIol County,^^ with [68] what Forces he could raife, concluding to have but few Officers, to fare Charge; the faid Chtirch was at great Charge & Expence in raifing of Forces. Governour Hinkley promifed that he would take care to provide Veflels to tranfport the faid Army with Ammunition & Provifions, by the time prefixt by him- felf, for the Government of Bojlofi had oblig'd themfelves b}^ their Letter, to provide any thing that was wanting; fo at the time prefixt Major Church March'd down all his Souldiers out of Brijlol Count}' to Plymouth^ as ordered ; and being come, found it not as he expe6led, for there was neither Provifions, Ammunition nor Tranfports; lb he im- mediately fent an Exprefs to the Governour who was at Barnjlable^ to give him an account that he with the Men were come to Plymouth^ and found nothing ready; in his ^^ return to the faid Churchy gave him an account of his dif- appointments ; and fent John Lathrop ^^ of Barnjlable in a 81 The Plymouth Records fhow that 82 That is, Gov. Hinckley, in his re- the Court, which met 5 June, 1690, took ply to Church's meffage, "gave him adtion in regard to co-operating with an account, .ic." the Mafs. Colony in the propofed expe- 83 John Lothrop was youngeft fon of dition to Canada, and appointed Capt. Rev.John, of Barnftable ; married 3 Jan., Jofeph Silvefter (of Scituate) and Mr. 1672, at Plymouth, Mary Cole ; had John Gorham (of Barnftable) to be Cap- John, Mary, Martha, Elizabeth, James, tains, with Jabez Snow (of Eaftham) Hannah, Jonathan, Barnabas, Abigail, and Samuel Gallop (of Bofton.') Lieu- and Experience ; died 17 Sept., 1727, c^A tenants. ^Plym. Col. Rec. v'w 2^0.'\ 85. [Savage's Ge«. Z'/t?. iii : 120.] 6 41 [ 68 VeiVcl with Ibme Ammunition and Provilion on board, to him at Plymonth\ alfo lent him word that there was more on board o^ Samtiel Alling^'^ oi Barnjlable^ who w^as to go for a Tranfport, and that he himfelf would be at Ply- inouth the next day: but Ailing never came near him, but went to Billings-gate at Cape-cod^^ as he was inform'd. The Governour being come, faid to Maj. Clmrch that he muft take Ibme of the open Sloops, and make Spar-Decks to them, and lay Platforms for the Souldiers to lye upon ; which delays were very Expenfive to the faid Chtirch\ his Souldiers being all Volunteers, daily expe6ted to be treated by him, and the Indians alwa3's begging for Money to get drink: but he ufing his utmoft diligence, made what dif- patch he could to be gone. Being ready to Imbark, re- ceived his Commiliion and Inftru6lions from Governour Hinkley, which are as followeth, viz. The Council of War of their Majcfly''s Colony of New- Plymouth in New-England. To Major Benjamin Church Commander in Chief &c. WHereas the Kenebeck and Eaftward Indians^ with the French their Confederates have openly made War 84 Samuel Allym of Barnftable, eldeft 85 " Billinglgate Point is on the weft fon of Thomas of the same, born lo fide of the town [Eaftham], about 6 Feb., i6ff; was Lieut., and Town miles from the main land, with which Clerk; was Deputy 1682-4; married it was formerly conne6led ; but for Hannah, daughter of Rev. Thomas many years it has been an ifland, the Walley; had Thomas, Samuel, Jofeph, fea having broken over and wallied it Hannah, and Elizabeth; died 25 Nov., away in two places, where is fufficient 1726, at. 82. [Freeman's Hijl. Cape water for fmall vefTels to pafs through." Cod, ii : 274.] [Pratt's Hifi. Eajiham, 2.) 42 [68 J upon their Majejly's SubjeHs of the Provinces of Maine, New-Hamplhire and of the Maffachufetts Colony^ having committed many Barbarous Murders^ Spoils and Rapines upon their Perfons and Efiates. And whereas there are fome Forces of Soiddiers Englifh & Indians now raifed and detached out of the fever al Regi^nents and Places within this Colony of New-Plymouth,^^ to go forth to the Affiflance of our Neighbours and Friends of the aforefaid Provinces & Colony of the Maffachufetts, Subjects of one and the fame Crown. And whereas you Benjamin Church are appointed to be Major and Commander in Chief of all the Forces Englifh & Indians detached within this Colony., together with fuch other of their Majefly'^s Subjects as elfe where fhall Lift themf elves, or fhall be orderly put under your Command for the Service of their Majeflies as aforefaid. Thefe are in their Majeflies Name to A2ithorize and Require You to take into your Care & Condu6l all the faid Forces Englifh & Indians, and diligently to Inte^id that Service, by Leading 86 The proportion fixed bj the Plym- outh Court, on which thefe foldiers were to be raifed and armed, was as follows : — Plimouth, Duxbury, 7 Marllifield, 7 Scituate, 16 Bridgewater, 8 Middleborough, 3 Bamftable, 1 2 Sandwich, 10 Yarmouth, 10 Eaftham, 10 Men. Armes. 13 4 Men. Armes. Falmouth, 2 Monamoy, 2 Rochefter, 2 Brirtol, 6 Swaiifey, 7 Little Comptoti, 4 Dartmouth, 8 Taunton, 14 Rehoboth, 10 b'rcetown, 2 It was ordered, alfo, that there be raifed 50 Indians, — 22 in the county of Barnftable, 22 in the county of Briltol, and 6 in that of Plymouth. Alfo, Plymouth County was to "provide armes and other neceffaries" for 18 men, Barnftable County for 15, and Briftol County for 17. {^Plym. Col. Rec. vi : 249.] The debt incurred by the Plymouth Colony for its fhare of the expenfes of this campaign amount- ed to £1,350. The entire ratable eltate of that Colony, then, was £35,900. 43 [69] & Exercijirig of yoitr Inferiour Officers and Souldiers, Com- manding thein to Obey [69] yoit as their Chief Commander. And to purfue, fght, take, kill or deflroy the faid Enemies their Aiders and Abettors by all the ways and means yon can, as youfJiall have opportunity, & to accept to Mercy or grant Quarter & Favour to fuch or fo many of faid En- emies as you Jliall find needfil for promoting the defign aforefaid. And you to obferve and obey all fuch Orders and InfiruHions, as from time to time you fitall receive from the Com7niffioners of the Colonies, or the Council of War of the faid Colony of New-Pl3^mouth, or from the Goveritour and Cou7icil of the Maffachufetts. In Tefiimony lu hereof is af- fixed the Publick Seal of this Colony. Dated in Plymouth the Second day of September, A?i7io Do7ni. 1690. An7to- que Reg7ti Regis et Regi7tcs Willielmi et Marice ^c. Se- cu7tdo. Tho. Hinkley Prefidc7it. i!n0tniCnOnS/] Gentleman, who laid, He had advice of his coming from Bojlon Gentlemen; alfo he had received directions that what Men the faid Church fhould want muft be raifed out of Hampjliire ; out of their feveral Towns and Garrifons ; Maj. Pike ask'd him. How many Men he fhould want? He faid enough to make up his Forces that he brought with him, 300 at leaft, and not more than 350. And fo in about Nine days time he was fupply'd with two Companies of Souldiers. He having been at about Twenty Shillings a day charge in expences while there. Now he received Maj. Pike's Inftru6lions ; which are as followeth. Port/mouth in New-HampJJtire^ Sept. 9, 1690. To Maj. Benjamin Church Commander in Chief of their Majefty's Forces now defigned upon the prefent Expedi- tion Eafiward^ & now Refident at Portfmouth. [71] THe Governour and Council of the MalTachufetts Colony rep ofing great trufl and confidence in your Loyalty & Valour from experience of your former Anions, and of Gods prefence with you in the fame. In pu^fiant of an Order received from them,., Commanding it. Thefe are in their Majefiy^s Names to Impower and Require you as Command- er in Chief., to take into your care and conduB thefe Forces May, 1637; Reprefentative from S., Sarah Sanders, and had Sarah, Mary, 1648, and Ibme following years ; Affift- Dorothy, Mary (again), Elizabeth, John, ant 1682 and 1691 ; Councillor 1689 and Robert, and Mofes ; died 12 Dec, 1706, 1691; was Major in one of the EfTex cBt.()\. He was early a church member, regiments. He married, 3 April, 1641, [Savage's Gen Di<^. iii : 436.] [7-] now here prefent at their Randezvonz at Portfmouth; and they are alike required to obey you : and with them to Sail Eajlward by the firft opportunity to Calco, or Places Adja- cent^ that may be mojl commodious for Landing with fafety and fecrefy ^ and to vijit the Enemy French & Indians at their head quarters at Ameras-cogen,^^ Pejepfcot, or any other Plat, accordi7tg as you may have hope or intelligence of the Refide7it of the Enemy ; tfing always your titmofl in- deavour for the prefervation of your own Men, and the kill- ing, deflroying and utterly rooting out the Enemy wherefoever they may be found ; as alfo as much as may pofjibly be done for the redeeming or recovering of our Captives in any Places. You being then arrived, & ttndeifla^tding your way, to take your Journey back again either by Land or Water, as you fJiall judge mofl convenient for the accomplifJiing of the end intended; and to give intelligence always of your m-otions whenfoever you can with fafety and convenience. Laflly, in all to confult your Council the Commanders or 91 Androfcoggin. On a rude pen- map is clearly contemporaneous, and drawn map [in the Connedlicut Ar- may have been traced by Church to chives, War. Vol. III. Doc. 86 (for affift their deliberations, — this is writ- a copy of vi^hich I am indebted to ten in two words, thus, Ambrofs Cogan, the kindnefs of the Hon. J. Hammond and is ftated to be " about 8o myle from Trumbull)], bearing notes in the hand- the fea." It was fituated upon a terri- writing of Hon. William Pitkin, who tory which ufed to be called by the was one of the two Connedlicut Com- Indians Roccamecco, and was the head- miffioners at the meeting in Bofton, quarters of the ^«7/£'5, Pt. v: 97.] letters to Gov. Cranfield, of New Hamp- i"** Woroml^o {JVo>-oml>os)-wa.s a Tar- fhire, difclofing his fear of the Mohawks ratine^ and Sachem oi Androfcoggin and his defire for Englilh protection. \^Ainos Coggen, Church fpells it, in He fubfequently fled to the eaftward, his letter, much as Pitkin wrote it (see and joined the Androfcoggins, where note 91, ante)^ He had two children he became hoftile to the fettlers, and in captured here. [Vid. Church's Letter, 1689 headed the maffacre of Maj. Wal- 97.] dron. His wife and four children were ^^^i See notes 12 and 32, ante. 53 [72] was C2iY>t. Htickmgs'^s'Wi^e oi Oyjler-River}^^ Maj. Church proceeded to examine the Man taken, who gave him an account that moft of their fighting men were gone to Win- ter-harbour^ to provide Provifions for the Bay of Fondy Indians^ who were to come and joyn with them to fight the Engli/Ji}^'^ The Souldiers being very rude would hardly fpare the Indians life, while in examination, intending when he had done that he fhould be Executed: but Capt. Huckings Wife and another Woman down on their knees beg'd for him, faying. He had been a means to fave their Lives and a great many more; and had helped feveral to opportunities to run away & make their efcape; and that 102 " We found a prety deal of corn in barnes under ground, and deftrojed it; alfo we found guns and amunition a prety deal, with beauer, and we took 5 Englilh captives, viz. Lieut. Robert Hookins his widow of Oyfter River; Benjamin Barnards wife of Salmon Falls ; Ann Heard of Cochecho ; one Willifes daughter of Oyfter Riuer, and a boy of Exeter." \^Ibid. 92.] Oyjler River was originally a part of Dover, N.H., now Durham. James Huckins was ion of Robert, Conftable 1683 > had eldeft fon Robert; was killed in the onflaught of the Indians in Auguft, 1689. [Farmer's Belkitap's New Hamp. 131 ; Savage's Gen. Di^. ii : 487.] 1""* Didlating to his fon Thomas a quarter of a century afterwards, it is not ftrange that fome particulars fhould have faded from the memory of Capt. Church. He here reprefents his hafte to make the beft of his way back to Winter-Harbor to be for the purpofe of intercepting and capturing thefe In- dians, who were gone thither for pro- vifions. But in his letter, written at the time, he informs Gov. Hinckley that — "Both Indians and Englilb informed us that the enemy had lately had a con- fultation. Many of them were for peace and many againft it, and had hired and procured about 300, and intended for Wells with a flagg of truce and offer them peace. If they could not agree then to fall on. If they could not take Wells, then they refolved to attack Pif- caitaqua." [p. 92]. He adds [p. 93] : " We made all hafte \m?ig\na.h\e, for fear Jojne of our toivns fJiould be attacked before -we came /loine." This would feem to be the true expla- nation of his hurried march back; that he feared a maflacre in his abfence. 54 [73] never fince he came amongft them had fought againft the EngliJJi^ but being related to Hakins^\i& kept at the Fort with them, he having been there two Years ; but his liv- ing was to the weftward of Bojlon. So upon their requeft his life was fpared, &c. Next day the faid Church ordered that all their Corn fhould be deflroy'd, being a great quantity, faving a little for the two old Squaws which he defign'd to leave at the Fort to give an account who he was, and from whence he came : the reft being knock'd on the head, except what afore-mentioned, for an example, ordering them to be all buried/°^ Having enquired where all their beft Bever was/' They faid, it was carried away to make a prefent to the Bay of Fondy Indians., who were coming to their Affiftance. Now being ready to draw off from thence, he call'd the two old Squaws to him, and gave each of them a Kittle and fome Biskets, biding them to tell the Indians when they came home, [73] that he was known by the Name of Capt. Church., and liv'd in the Wefterly part of Plymouth Government; and that 104 There is a tinge of barbarity in aim was to fecure "the like to ours": the narrative here, which is abfent from "We left two old fquaws that were the letter, and which leads us to im- not able to march ; gave them vidluals agine that the doughty old warrior, enough for one week of their own corn roughly telling his talc fo long after, boiled, and a litle of our prouifions, and was fcarcely juft to himfelf in fome of buried their dead, and left them clothes the motives which he intimates. The enough to keep them warme, and left letter thus narrates it [p. 93], faying the wigwams for them to lye in, — nothing about " knocking on the head " gave them orders to tell theire friends for "example," which would have been how kind we were to them, — bidding a moft unlikely procedure where the them doe the like to ours." 55 [ 73 ] thole Indians that came with him were formerly King Philips Men, and that he had met with them in Philips War, and drew them off from him, to fight for the Eztgli/Ji againfl the faid Philip and his Affociates, who then prom- ifed him to fight for the EngliJJi as long as they had one Enemy left* and faid, that they did not queftion but be- fore Indian Corn was ripe to have Philips head, notwith- ftanding he had twice as many men as was in their Country; and that they had kill'd and taken one thoufand three hun- dred and odd of Philips Men, Women & Children, and Philip himfelf, with feveral other Sachems, &c. and that they fhould tell Hakins & Worttmbo, That if they had a mind to fee their Wives & Children they fhould come to Wells Garrifon, and that there they might hear of them, &c}^'^ Maj. Church having done, Mov'd with all his Forces down to Meqtwyl^^^ where the tranfports were (but in the way fome of his Souldiers threatned the In- dian man Prifoner, very much, fo that in a thick Swamp he gave them the flip and got away) and when they all got on board the tranfport; the Wind being fair made the befl; of their way for Winler Harboitr^^'' and the next l"5 The letter fays [p. 93] : — known Englifh name for the "Pool" " Alfo, if thej were for peace to come at Saco, Me., near the mouth of the to goodman Smalls [?] att Barwick Saco River, above Wood Illand, and within 14 dayes, who would attend to the fettlement which grew up near it. difcourfe them." Williamlbn IHiJl. Me. i: 26] fays it 106 (' Returned in that day, and one was " fo called after an ancient inhabi- more, to our veffells at Macquait" tant there by the name of Winter." \_Ibid.'\ But John Winter lived at Richman's 107 Winter-Harbor was the earlieft Ifland, or at the mouth of the 6jZ)7t. The fort was taken on Sunday; Monday "and one more " brought them to Maquoit, and "the wind being fair," they feem to have failed immediately, and reached their deftination the next morning. 1"^ Scammon's Garrifon was " on the eaft fide of the Saco, 3 miles below the falls." [ William/on, i : 625.] Hum- phrey Scammon (^Scaininan, Scamtnond) was born 1640; m. Elizabeth, dau. of Dominicus Jordan, of Sj)urzvi/ik ; lived at Kittery Point and Cape Porpoifc S 57 (Kennebunk-port) before he went to Saco; where he received a town grant, in 1679, ^"*^ *'^^ fame year purchafed of Henry Waddock's widow his 200 acres, extending "from the lower part of the river acrofs to Goofe-fair brook, and lb down to the fea." He died i Jan., 1727. Had Humphrey, (b. 10 May, 1677); Elizabeth (m. 1697, Andrew Haley, of Kittery) ; Mary (m. Puddington) ; Re- becca (m. Billings) ; Samuel, (b. 16S9.) [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 34 ; Folfom's Hijl. Saco, 1S8.] li« "I fent out a fcout of 60 men to Salco Falls to make difcouery ; the reft in arms ready on ftiore : intending at their returne to march by land to Wells." ILetter, p. 93.] m "The fcout met with a fmall pty. upon the riuer, making filb and other prouifions, viz. old Dony and his crup, — about 40, in all." \^Ibid. p. 94.] •1- In the letter, Capt. Church repre- [73] run,"^ who left their Canoo's and Provifions to ours;^^"* and old Doney^^^ and one Thomas Baker an EngliJJi Man who was a Prilbner amongft them, were up at the Falls and heard the Guns fire, expe6led the other Indians were come to their Affiltance, fo came down the River in a Canoo, but when they perceived that there was EnglifJi as well as Indians^ old Doney run the Canoo a fhore, and ran over Bakers head and followed the reft, and then Baker came to ours; and gave an account of the Bever hid at Pejepfcot plain: and coming to the place where the plunder was, the Major fent a Scout to Pejepfcot Fort, to fee if they could make any difcovery of the Enemies Tracks, or could dif- cover any coming up the River; who return'd and faid they law nothing but our old Tracks at faid Fort, &c}^^ fents the enemy as being all upon the other fide. He fays : — "The enemie being on the other fide the riuer, ours could not come at them : they made Ihot at them : killed one Dicks, a baco [Mr. Drake ruggefi:s Abaco (the largeft of the Bahamas) ; but is Sebago (a nearer and fo likelier word) impoffible 'i'\ man, and got him on fiiore : 2 more men fank in the riuer : fome of ours fwam ouer the riuer, took their cannoos and plunder." \^Ibid.'\ 113 The letter fi:ates that " at this fcir- mifli Lt. Hunniwell was Ihot thorrow the thigh." {^IbidJ^ This was Richard Hunniwell, concerning whofe famous adventures as an Indian killer, fee Ale. Hiji. Coll. iii : 144-148. 114 "There we took a pretty deale of powder, Ihot and lead, and other plun- der, and 8 or 9 cannoos." [Ib/d.'] 115 Thomas Baker, Folfom fays (on the authority of the Scarborough rec- ords), was " an inhabitant of Scarbo- rough, in 1681." ^Hijl. Saco, 194.] Willis [_HiJi. Portland, 286] enumerates among thofe taken prifoners by the In- dians, at the fall of Falmouth, 20 May, 1690, "Thomas Baker (a boy)." Ill) "The man we took from them at Salco, told us that the enemie from Cape Sables and all quarters were looked for by that time to rendevouze att Pechepfcutt : alfo that he knew that the enemie had brought beauer and other goods to Pechepfcutt Plaine, and hid them : he fuppofed it was a gratuity for the eaftward Indians : alfo, that he 58 L74] Now having got fome Plunder,"'^ One of the Captains faid it was time to go home, and feveral others were of the fame mind; and the Major being much difturb'd at the Motion of theirs, expecting the Enemy would come in a very Ihort time where they might have a great advantage of them, &c. Notwithftanding all he could fay or do, he was oblig'd to call a Council, accord- ing to his [74] Inftruftions, wherein he was out-voted. The faid Commander feeing he was put by of his inten- tions profer'd if 60 Men would ftay with him he would not imbark as yet; but all that he could fay or do could not prevail ;^^^ then they Mov'd to the Veffels and Imbark'd, and as they were going in the Veffels on the back fide of Mayr-point they difcovered 8 or 9 Canoo's, who turn'd ftiort about, and went up the River; being the fame In- dians that the Major expe6led, and would have waited for; and the aforefaid Captain being much difturb'd at what the Major had faid to him, drew off from the Fleet, and in the Night run aground ;^^^ in the Morning Anthony himfelfe knew within half a mile where der : of which a pretty deale of powder it was hid. This made us alter our and fliot" Letter \_Ibid.'\ former intention ; and took ftiip and ^l^ The only paragraph in Church's failed to a place more eaftward then letter which can be conftrued into any Macquait (called Mare Point [the reference to this conflidl between him fouth extremity of Brunfwick, Me.]) and his fubordinates is this : " Many Landed our men by daylight, about crofs things falling out to fruftrate the 250: marched round in the woods: defigne, too long here to relate: but fome upon the eaftward of Pechef- from Major Pike your honors will hear fcutt" Letter {^Ibid. p. 94.] more at large." \^Ibid. p. 97.] 117 " When we got upon the Plaine i^^ The letter fays : — we parted into 3 companies : found none "As god would have it one of our of the enemie ; but we found the plun- veflells run aground, which we did not 59 [74] Brakit^'^^ having been advis'd and dire6ted by the Indian that made his efcape from our Forces, came down near where the aforefaid Veffel lay a-ground, and got aboard; w^ho has proved a good Pilot and Captain for his Country. The next day it being very calm and mifty, fo that they were all day getting down from Maquait to Perpodack ; and the Mafters of the Veffels thinking it not fafe putting out in the Night, fo late in the Year,^~^ Anchored there at Per- podack'^ the Veffels being much crouded, the Major or- dered three Companies fhould go on fliore, and no more, himfelf with Capt. Co7ivcrfe''~~yN^vA.w\\\\ them to order their lodging, and finding juft Houling convenient for them, viz. Two Barns and one Houfe; fo feeing them all fettled and their Watches out, the Major and Capt. Co7iverfe re- turned to go aboard, and coming near where the Boat was, underftand (being in the night) and land] in the evening, being the 20"^ haueing left her we foon mift her, Capt. inftant." [Letter, p. 94.] Alden conchiding fhe had run aground. i''^^ James Converfe was Ion of James And before fhe came clear, there efcaped of Woburn, who was fon of Edward, one Anthony Brackett of Cafco, who who, with wife Sarah, came in the fleet was informed by the lad that efcaped with Winthrop, 1630; he was of Woburn, from Amofcoggin aforefaid, of our freeman, 1671, rep. 1679, 16S4-6, 16S9, army : he [Bracket] made his efcape, 1692, and Speaker in 1699, 1702-3. He got into our track, and came to Mac- married i Jan., 1669, Hannah Carter; quait, hollowed to the veffell, that heard had James, John, Elizabeth, Robert, him, and gladly took him on board." Hannah, Jofiah, Jofiah, Patience, and [Ibid. p. 93.] Ebenezei-. He was diftinguilhed as a 120 Anthony Brackett, ]v. (eldefl: fon of Captain and Major in the Indian wars, Anthony, note 39, ante), was afterwards and was mixed up with an ecclefiaftical ferviceable as Lieut, and Capt. He difficulty juft before his death. [Sav- finally fettled in Bofton. [Willis's////?. age's Gen. Did. i : 444; Mather's Mag-- Portland, 2C)0.'\ nalia,y\i: Appendix, 16 ; Hutchinfon's 121 "Came there [to Cafco, or Pur- Hijl. Mafs. ii : 67, 72; Hiji. and Gen. poodiick, oppofite to what is now Port- Peg: xiii : 31.] 60 [74] it was pretty dark, they difcovered fome Men, but did not know what or who they were; the Major ordered thofe that were with him all to clap down and cock their Guns, and he call'd and ask'd them. Who they were ? and they faid, Indians : he ask'd them, Whofe Men they were ? they faid Capt. Souikwort/i's: he ask'd them where they intended to lodge? They faid in thofe little Hutts that the Enemy had made when they took that Garrifon. The Major told them the}^ muft not make any fires; for if they did the Enemy would be upon them before day. They laugh'd, and faid. Our Major was afraid. Having given them their directions, he with Capt. Converfe went on board the Mary Sloop ; defigning to Write home, and fend away in the Morning the two Sloops which had the Small Pox on board, &€. But before day our Indians began to make fires and to Sing and Dance ; fo the Major call'd to Capt. Southworth to go a-fhore & look after his Men, for the Enemy would be upon them by'nd by. He order'd the Boat to be hall'd up to carry him a-fhore, and call'd Capt. Converfe to go with him, and jufl as the day began to appear, as the Major was getting into the Boat to go a-fhore, the Enemy fired upon our Men the Indians, notwithftanding that one Philip an Indian of ours, who was out upon the Watch, heard a man cough, and the fticks crack; who gave the reft an account, that he faw Indians', which they would not believe; but faid to him You are afraid : his anfwer was, that they might fee them 6i [ 75 ] come creepping: they laugh'd and faid, they were Hogs: Ay, (faid he) and they [75] will bite you by'nd by. So prefently they did fire upon our Men; but the Morning being mift}^ their Guns did not go off quick, fo that our Men had all time to fall down before their Guns went off, and faved themfelves from that Volley, except one man, who was kill'd. This fudden firing upon our Indian Soul- diers furprized them that they left their Arms, but foon recover'd them again, and got down the bank which was but low: the Major with all the Forces on board landed as faft as they could; the Enemy firing fmartly at them; however all got fafe a-fhore. The Enemy had a great advantage of our Forces, who were between the Sun rif- ing & the Enemy, fo that if a man put up his head or hand they could fee it, and would fire at it: However fome with the Major got up the bank behind ftumps and rocks, to have the advantage of firing at the Enemy; but when the Sun was rifen the Major flip'd down the bank again where all the Forces were order'd to obferve his Motion, viz. That he would give three fhouts and then all of them fhould run with him up the bank: fo when he had given the third fhout, ran up the bank, and Capt. Converfe with him, but when the faid Converfe perceived that the Forces did not follow as commanded, call'd to the Major and told him the Forces did not follow; who notwithftanding the Enemy fired fmartly at, yet got fafe down the bank again, and Rallying the Forces up the bank, foon put the Enemy 62 [75] to flight; ^^ and following them fo clofe, that they took 13 Canoo's,'-^ and one Lufty Man, who had Jofcph Ram/dle's^'^^ Scalp by his fide, who was taken by two of our Indians^ and having his deferts was himfelf Scalp'd. This being a fliort and fmart fight, fome of our Men were kill'd, and feveral wounded. ^^"^ Some time after an EngliJJi Man who 1-3 Church's account in his letter varies a little : — "I landed the moft part of the men and went on fhore and ordered them where they Ihould lodge ; but the In- dians in particular I ordered to fuch a houfe, or elfe to goe on board again; but they, contrary to my order, took up their lodge on the riuer by Papooducke fide, where the enemie had lately ran- deuouzed. All the reft of the comandes and companies were where I ordered them to be. The enemie difcovered the Indians fires, — came in the night and difcouered where the Companies lay, and ambulhed thein at day-light : made a Ihot upon our Indians ; it being the 2ist inftant, and the Sabbath day. Our Englilh arofe to the fuccour of the In- dians, friends; being all ready at break of day, pr. my order, and drawing up towards them, many were wounded and flain : the enemie haveing great advan- tage of ours ; for the light of the day, and ftares refle(5ling upon the waters gave them advantage to fee us, when as we could not fee them att all, againft the dark woods : efpecially we could not fe to distinguilh between our Indians and theirs. Whereupon I ordered to lie ftill under the fea bancks till daj-light : I coming on Ihore the fecond boat, and fee the difficulty : but the enemie fired hard upon the veflells and boats coming on thore : and when the day was light enough, I ordered the men to arife from the banks, and run all upon them at once ; the which we did, and foon put them to the flight, — followed them hard thorrow a fwamp, firing brifkly. They knowing where there cannoos were, got their wounded men into them before we came up, and moft of them put off". Our men affirmed but two that they fee killed." \Letter, p. 95.] 124 "We took 2 guns and manj' blank- ets and gun-cafes, and 4 cannoos." [Ibid. p. 96 ] 1-5 "A company of foldiers from Lynn were imprefl'ed by orderof the Governor, and fent out againft the Indians in the depth of winter. One of the foldiers from Lynn, Mr. Jofeph Ramfdell, was killed by them at Cafco Bay, in 1690." [Lewis's /^/y?. Lynn, I'jy ; Newhall's Annals of Lynn, 289.] 1-6 The letter gives a more particular ftatement, as follows : — "We went on board fent away two veflTells with the captiues and fick and wounded men, and buried our dead, which was 3 Englilh and 4 Indians. The wounded were 17 Englifh and 7 Indians. Them that were llain were 63 L7S] M^as Prifoner amongft them, gave an account that our Forces had kill'd and wounded feveral of the Enemy, for they kill'd feveral Prifoners according to their Cuftom &c. After this a6lion v\^as over our Forces imbark'd iox Pifcata- qua^ and the Major went to Wells^^'^ and remov'd the Cap- tain there, and put in Capt. Andras^^^ who had been with him and knew the Difcourfe left with the two old Squaws at Amcras-cogen, for Hakins & Woritmbo to come there in 14 daj'S, if they had a mind to hear of their Wives & Chil- dren: Who did then or foon after come with a Flag of Truce to faid Wells Garrifon, and had leave to come in, and more appearing came in, to the number of Eight, (without any terms) being all Chief Sachems; and was very glad to hear of the Women and Children, viz. Hakins and Woriimbo's Wives and Children; who all faid three feveral times that they would never fight chieflej Plimouth. The wounded of before. Then we returned and come Capt. Counjerfe, 6 ; Capt. Floid, 3 ; to Portfmouth the 26th inftant, becaufe Capt. South worth, 4; Capt. Waltons, our doctor was gon home with the 3; of Capt. Andrews, one, (fince that); wounded men, and our men were feu- one Englilhman of Ph'mouth is dead of eral of them fick and lame, and wanted his wounds, and an Indian: alfo an fhoofe and other recruits; or elfe we Indian and Englilliman both of Pli- would have gon furder before we had mouth dead of the fmall-pox." \_Let- com home." \^Ibid. p. 96.] ter, p. 96.] 128 EliJJia Andros {^Andrews, An- l^T The letter particularizes : — droivs\ was fon of James, (who was " We embarked and came to Cape fon of Samuel, and was born probably Neddicke, the 22d day, and marched in Saco, 1635, and who married Sarah, with about 200 men, (all we had fitt for dau of Michael Mitton, and Margaret fervice,) to Wells : Sent a fcout the next ,) and furvived his father, who day to Salco and Winter Harbour, — removed to Bofton and died in 1704. about 24 miles: made no difcoverie of [Savage's Gen. Did. i: 53; Willis's the enemie later than we were there Hijl. Portland, 289.] 64 [76] agalnft the Englifli any more, for the French made fools of them, &c. They faying as they did, the faid Andras let them go. Maj Church being come to Pifcataqua^^'^ and two of his tranfports having the Small Pox on board; and feveral of his Men having got great Colds by their hard Service, pretended they were going to have the Small Pox, thinking by that means to be lent home fpeedity; the Major being willing to try them, went to the Gentlemen [76] there and delired them to provide an Houfe, for fome of his Men expe6led they fhould have the Small Pox; who readily did, and told him, That the People belonging to it was juft recover'd of the Small Pox, and had been all at Meeting, &c. The Major returning to his Officers order'd them to draw out all their men that were going to have the Small Pox, for he had provided an Hofpital for them: So they drew out 17 Men, that had as they faid, all the fymptoms of the Small Pox; he ordered them all to follow him, and coming to the Houfe, he ask'd them, How they liked it? they faid very well. Then he told them that the People in faid Houfe have all had the Small Pox, and was recovered; and that if they went in they muft not come out till they all had it : Whereupon they all prefently began to grow better, and to make excufes, ex- cept one Man who defired to ftay out till Night before he went in, &c. The Major going to the Gentlemen, told them. 129 The letter fixes the date of ar- 26th inftant." The letter bears date, rival : — Sept. 30, 1690, which puts the arrival, " And we returned to Portfmouth the Sept. 26. \^Letter^ p. 97.] 9 65 [76 J That one thing more would work a perfe6l cure upon his Men, which was to let them go home: Which did work a cure upon all, except one, and he had not the Small Pox. So he ordered the Plunder fhould be divided forthwith, and fent away all the Plymouth Forces. But the Gentlemen there defired him to ftay and they would be affifting to him in railing new Forces to the number of what was fent away ; and that they would fend to Bojlon for Provilions : which they did, and fent Capt. P laijled^"^^ to the Governour and Council at Bojlon, &c. And in the mean time the Major with thofe Gentlemen went into all thofe Parts and raifed a fufficient number of Men, both Officers & Soul- diers; who all met at the bank^^^ on the fame day that Capt. P laijled vQiurVi'd from BoJlo7i\ whofe return from Bojlon Gentlemen was. That the Canada Expedition had dreen'd them fo that they could do no more: So that Maj. Church notwithflanding he had been at confiderable Expences in railing faid Forces to Serve his King and Country was oblig'd to give them a Treat and difmifs them: Taking his leave of them came home to BoJlo7i in the Mary Sloop yir.Alden^^^ Mafler, and Capt. Cojiverje y^'ith. him, of a Sat- 130 Capt. Ichabod Plai/ied, of Kit- moft fuitable for this place, it being the tery, 1674? \,HiJi. & Gen. Reg. xv : river's mouth, and good as any in this 272.] land, and your petit'rs fhall humbly 131 Stra-wberryBa^ih^i.e.Vortivixov^h. pray." [Petition to General Court for " Whereas the name of this plantation change of name. Brewfter's Rainbles att prefent being Straberry Banke, ac- about Poj-tjtnotitk, p. 23.] cidentally foe called, by reafon of a 13- CaJ)t. 'JoJm Aldeti, eldeft fon of banke where ftraberries was found in Pilgrim John, was born in 1622 ; re- this place, now we humbly defire to moved to Bofton as early as December, have it called Portfmouth, being a name 1659; ^^^ ^^^^ known as a naval com- 66 [77] urday; and waiting upon the Governour, and fome of the Gentlemen in Bojlon^ they look'd very ftrange upon them, which not only troubled them but put them into fome confternation what the matter fhould be, that after fo much toyl & hard Service could not have fo much as one plea- fant word, nor no Money in their Pockets; for Maj Church had but Eight Pence left, and Capt. Converfe none, as he laid afterwards. Maj. Chtirch feeing two Gentlemen which he knew had Money, ask'd them to lend him Forty Shillings, telling them his neceffity: Yet they refufed. So being bare of Money was oblig'd to lodge at Mr. Al- dens three Nights; ^^^ and the next Tuefday Morning Capt. Converfe came to him (not knowing each others circum- ftances as yet) and faid he would walk with him out of Town; fo coming near Pollards at the South End, they had fome Difcourfe ; that it was very hard that they fhould part with dry lips: Maj. Church told Capt. Converfe that he had [77] but Eight Pence left, and could not borrow any Money to carry him home. And the faid Converfe faid, that he had not a Peny left; fo they were oblig'd to part without going in to Pollards, &c. The faid Capt. mander; was in danger in the witch- upwards of £2000. [Drake's Hiji. craft delufion [Winfor (^Hijl. Duxbury, Bojioti, i : 499 ; Drake's Witchcraft 215) wrongly fajs it was his fon John; Delujion in Ne-w England, iii : 26; but the documents call him "John Al- Alden's American Epitaphs, iii: 266.] din, Senior, of Bofton, Marriner,"] in 1^^ Capt. Alden lived on an alley 1692, and was committed to jail, but leading from Cambridge to Sudbury ran away, and was ultimately cleared, Streets, from him called Alden's Lane, in 1693, "by proclamation, none ap- and, fince 1846, Alden Street; now the pearing againft him." He died in headquarters of lefs ufeful perfons. Bofton, 14 March, 1702, cet. 82, leaving [Drake's HiJi. Bo/ion, i : 500.] 67 [77] Converfe returned back into Town, and the faid CJmrch went over to Roxbury\ and at the Tavern he met with Stephe7i Braton^^^ of Rkode-IJland, a Drover; who was glad to fee him the faid Churchy and he as glad to fee his Neighbour: whereupon Maj. Church call'd for an Eight- Pe7iy Tankard of drink, and let the faid Braton know his circumftances, ask'd him whether he would lend him Forty Shillings? He anfwered, Yes: Forty Pounds, if he wanted it. So he thank'd him, and faid, he would have but Forty Shillings', which he freely lent him: and prefently after Major Church was told that his Brother Caleb Church ^^^ of Watertown was coming with a fpare Horfe for him, hav- ing heard the Night before that his Brother was come in; by which means the faid Maj. Church got home. And for all his travel & expences in railing Souldiers, and Service done, never had but 14/. of Plymouth Gentlemen, & not a Pe7zy of Bojlon: notwithftanding he had wore out all his Clothes, and run himfelf in debt, fo that he was oblig'd to Sell half a-fhare of Land in Tiverton for about 134 Stefhen BraytonViZ.'s.ion oIYxtlw- tavern from 1686 to 1711 [fee Drake's cis, of Portfmouth, R.-I. ; freeman, Book of the Indians, p. 263] ; lived firft 167S; on the grand jury, 1687; married, in Dedham, and afterwards in Water- 8 March, 1679, Ann, dau. of Peter Tol- town; Reprefentative, 1713; married, man, of Newport, and had Mary, Eliz- 16 Dec, 1667, Joanna, dau. of William abeth, Ann, Preferved, and Stephen. Sprague, of Hingham ; had eight chil- [Savage's Ge7t. Didl. i: 240; R.-I. Col. dren,viz.: Richard, Ruth, Ljdia, Caleb, Rec. iii : 4, 233.] Jothua, Ifaac, and Rebecca. The laft 135 Caleb Church appears to have been two were twins ; and, after giving them the fixth child of Richard — being the birth, their mother died, 11 July, 1678. youngeft fon of at leaft nine children, [Bond's Hijl. Watertown, 158; iV. E. as Benjamin was the oldeft; admitted Hi/l- & Gen. Reg. xi : 154; Part I. of freeman 4 March, 1689-1690; kept a this edition, p. xxx.] 68 [77] 6o /. which is now worth 300 /. more and above than what he had.^36 Having not been at home long before he found out the reafon vjhy Bq/lon Gentlemen look'd fo difaffe6ted on him; as you may fee by the fequel of two Letters Maj. Church fent to the Gentlemen in the Eaftward parts: which are as followeth. Brijiol^ Noveritb. 27. 1690. Worthy Gentlemen^ ' A Ccording to my promife when with you laft, I waited ■^-^ ' upon the Governour at Bojion upon the Saturday? ' Capt. Converfe being with me. The Governour informed * us that the Council was to meet on the Monday follow- * ing in the afternoon, at which time we both there waited * upon them, and gave them an account of the State of * your Country, and great neceffities. They informed us, * that their General Court was to Convene on the Wednef- ' day following; at which time they would debate & con- ' fider of the matter; my felf being bound home, Capt. * Converfe was ordered to wait upon them, and bring you * their refolves. I then took notice of the Council that l^s It is my impreflion, that the good — buying £170 worth within a year of Col. Church got a little mixed in his this date — fcarcely favors the idea of recolledtions of thefe events, when, in pecuniary diftrefs. He did fell, how- his old age, he di(5lated this narrative. ever, in June, 1691, to Nathaniel By- The County Records contain no trace, field, £50 worth of land (43 acres) which I have been able to difcover, of on PofpafquaJJi neck, in Brijlol. He any fuch fale of half a fhare of land in owned, at this time, largely in Tiver- Tiverton by him at this time, or for ton, and in what is now the city of Fall years afterward ; while the fa6l that he River. [See Part I., Introdudory Me- was almoft conftantly purchafing land moir, pp. xxix., xxx.] 69 [78] ' they look'd upon me with an ill afpe6l, not judging me ' worthy to receive thanks for the Service I had done in ' your parts ; nor as much as ask me whether I wanted ' Money to bare my Expence, or a Horfe to carry me ' home. But I was forc'd for want of Money (being far ' from friends) to go to Roxbury on foot; but meeting there ' with a Rhode-IJland Gentleman, acquainted him of my ' wants, who tendered me Te^i Pounds^^'' whereby I was * accommodated for my Journey home: And being come ' home, I went to the Minifter of our Town,^^® and gave him * an account of the tranfa6lions of the great affairs I had ^ been imploy'd in, and of the great [78] favour God was ' pleafed to fhew me, and my Company, and the benefit I ^'^'^ He doubtlefs refers to Mr. Braj- ton [note 134, ante], but he ftates the amount of the loan differently from his former account of it. 138 Samuel Lee was born in London, 1625; the fon of Samuel, who was a merchant of large eftate ; took M. A. at Oxford, 1640; had a Wadham fellow- fhip, and, in 1656, was Prodlor, and Ledturer at Great St. Helen's, London ; in 1677 was affociated with Theophilus Gale, in Holborn ; in 1679 was fettled at Bignal, near Bicefter, in Oxfordfhire ; was afterwards at Newington Green, near London ; in the fummer of 1686, he landed here ; went foon to Briftol, R.-I., and became paftor of the church at its organization, 8 Maj, 1687 ; in 1691, moved by the hope of better times under William and Mary in England than he had left there, and greatly to the regret of his people and of the miniftry and churches who knew him here, he failed for England on the Dol- phin ; was captured by a French priva- teer and carried into St. Malo, Avhere he died of prifon fever, leaving a wife and daughter, and was buried outfide the walls as a heretic. Cotton Mather faid of him, " It muft be granted that hardly ever a more univerfally learned perfon trod the American ftrand." He left a dozen or more volumes of printed works. While in Briftol, he lived on the eaft fide of Thames St. (which was then the fhore of the harbor), a fhort diflance north of the " Old Walley houfe." His houfe was afterwards the refidence of Jeremiah Finney, and of his fon Jofiah. [Sprague's Aiinals, i : 209 ; Palmer's Calamy's Nonconformiji' s Memorial, i : 95 ; Wood's Ath. Oxo7i. ii : 882, 883 ; Shepard's Difcourfes at Brif- tol, R.-I., pp. II, 50.] 70 [78] hoped would accrue to your felves; and defired him to Return Publick Thanks: but at the lame interim of time a Paper was prefented unto him from a Court of Ply- mouth, which was holded before I came home,^^'' to Com- mand a day of Humiliation thro' the whole Government, becaufe of the frowns of God upon thofe Forces fent under my Command, and the ill fuccefs we had, for want of good condu6t. All which was caufed by thofe falfe Reports which were pofted home by thofe ill affe6ted Officers that were under my Condu6l; efpecially one which your felves very well know,^^'' who had the advan- tage of being at home a Week before me, being fick of A6lion, and wanting the advantage to be at the Bank,^^^ which he every day was mindful of more than fighting the Enemy in their own Country. After I came home, being inform'd of a General Court at P lymouth^^'^ and not forget- ting my faithful Promife to you, and the duty I lay under, I went thither, where waiting upon them, I gave them an account of my Eaflward tranfa^fions, and made them fenfible of the falfenefs of thofe reports that were pofted to them by ill hands, and found fome fmall favourable acceptance with them, fo far that I was credited. I pre- fented your Thanks to them for their feafonable fending 139 I find no record of this court, or referred to [p. 59] as having " faid it of any fuch appointment of a day of was time to go home ; " but I have not humiliation. "A publique day of hu- been able to identify him. miliation and faft " was appointed at ^^^ Straiuberry Batik. the December court, to be held on the 1^'- Held 4 Nov., 1690. See record of " fecond Wednefday of January next." fome things done then on the next page l^o Doubtlefs the "Captain" before (note 143). {Plym. Col. Rec. \\: 2S2.'\ 71 [78] ' thofe Forces to relieve you, with that expence and ' charge they had been at; which Thanks they gratefully 'received; and faid a few Lines from your felves would ' have been well accepted. I then gave them an account * of your great necellities by being imprifoned in your * Garrifons, and the great mifchief that would attend the ' Publick concerns of this Country by the lofs of their ' Majefty's Intereft, and fo much good Eftate of yours & ' your Neighbours, as doubtlefs would be on the deferting ' of your Town. I then moved for a free Contribution for ' your relief, which they with great forwardnefs promoted ; ' and then ordered a day of Thankfgiving thro' the Govern- ' ment upon the 26th. day of this Inftant. Upon which ' day a Colle6tion was ordered for your relief (and the * Places near Adjacent) in every refpe6tive Town in this ' Government; and for the good management of it that it ' might be fafely convey'd unto your hands, they appointed ' a Man in each County for the reception & conveyance ' thereof ^'^^ The perfons nominated and accepted thereof, ' are : For the County of Plymouth, Capt. Nathanael TJwntas ^ of Marjlijield : ^"^^ For the County of Barnjiable, Capt. l'*^ The record is as follows : — be kept and obferved as a publick day " Cap! Nath'! Thomas apointed in y^ of thankfgiving throughout j* colony." county of Plimouth to receive & take \_Plyjii. Col. Rec. vi : 255.] care for conveyance of the contribution 144 Nathaniel TJioinasv^as fon of Na- propofed for the relief of y® town of thaniel of Marfliiield ; was born 1643 ; Wells & parts adjacent. married, 19 Jan., 1664, Deborah, dau. "Cap* Jofeph Lothrop, y« like for y® of Nicholas Jacobs, of Hingham; had county of Barnftable, & Major Benjamin Nathaniel, Jofeph, Deborah, Dorothy, Church for y^ county of Briftol. William, Elifha, Jofhua, Caleb, Ifaac, " The Court apoint the 36'.'' inftant to and Mary; 3 Nov., 1696, he married 72 [79] ^ JofiP^^ Lathrop of Barnjlable'. ^^^ And for the County of ^ Brijiol, my felf. Which when gathered you will have a ^ particular account from each perfon, with orders of advice * how it may be difpofed of for your befl advantage, with a * Copy of the Courts order. The Gentlemen the effects ' are to be fent to are your felves that I now Write to, viz. ' yohn Wheelwright Efq;^'**^ Capt. John Littlefield ^^"^ and * Lieut, yofeph Story}^^ I defer'd writing expe6ling every * day to hear from you concerning the Indians coming to * treat about their Prifoners that we [79] had taken. The ' difcourfe I made with them at Aineras-cogen^ I knew ' would have that Effeft as to bring them to a treaty, which * I fhould have thought my felf happy to have been im- * proved in, knowing that it would have made much for ' your good. But no intelligence coming to me from any Elizabeth, widow of Captain William Plym. Col. Rec. vi : lo, 67, 85, 106, 128, Condy; he was Reprefentative 1672, 169, 240, 251.] and feven years more, and alfo at Bof- l'*'' Jokti Wheel-wright was probably ton under the new charter; ferved in fon of Samuel, of Wells; was Colonel Philip's War ; died 22 0(5l., 1718. [Sav- and Deputy, and "a gentleman of a age's Gen. Di'di. iv : 281; Thomas's charadler above fufpicion"; died 1745. Memorials of Mar/hjield, p. 54.] Little feems to be known of him that 145 yofeph Lotkrop was third fon of can be accurately ftated. [Savage's Rev. John, of Barnftable; born in Eng- Geti. Didi. iv : 503; Allen's Biog. Didi. land; married 11 Dec, 1650, Mary p. 846.] Anfell ; licenfed to keep an ordinary, 1*'' jFohn Littlefield was fon of Ed- 1653 ; ranked as Lieut., 1670; was mund, of Exeter and Wells; was at Deputy from, and Selectman at, Barn- Wells, 1656 ; Conftable, 1661 ; Lieut., ftable for various years, and was of the 1668; had a dau. Mary, vfho married Council of War; had Jofeph, Mary, Matthew Auftin. [Savage's Gen. Didi. Benjamin, Elizabeth, John, Samuel, iii : 100.] John, Barnabas, Hope, Thomds, and i*^ "Was he fon of William, of Dover, Hannah. [Savage's Gen. Dtdl. iii : 120; 1637-1658.'' {N. E. Hift. dc Gen. Reg. Freeman's Hift. Cape Cod., ii : 262, 271 ; viii : 130.] 10 73 [79] ' Gentlemen in your parts, and hearing nothing but by ' accident, and that in the latter end of the week by fome * of ours coming frovci Bq/lon, informed me that the Indians * were come in to your Town to feek for Peace; and that * there was to be a treaty fpeedily; ^''^ but the time they ' knew not. I took my Horfe, and upon the Monday fet out ^ for Bojlon^ expe6ting the treaty had been at your Town, ' as rationally it fhould but on Tuefday Night coming to ^ Bojlon, there met with Capt. EliJJta Andros,^^^ who in- ' formed me that the Place of treaty was Sacaty-kock,^^^ and ^ that Capt Alden was gone from Bojloii four days before I ' came there, and had carryed all the Indian Prifoners * with him, and that all the Forces were drawn away out ' of your parts, except 12 men in your Town, and 12 in '' Pifcataqtia^ which news did fo amufe me, to fee that wif- * dom was fo taken from the wife, and fuch imprudence in * their actions, as to be deluded by Indians ; and to have a ^ treaty fo far from any EngliJIi Town, and to draw off the * Forces upon what pretence foever, to me looks very ill. '- My fear is that they Avill deliver thofe we have taken, ' which if kept would have been greatly for your Security, ' it keeping them in awe, and preventing them from doing * any hoftile a6tion or mifchief, I knowing that the EngliJJi * being a broad are very earneft to go home, and the In- ' dians are very tedious in their difcourfes, and by that * will have an advantage to have their Captives at a very 1*9 See Williamfon's Hift. Me. i : 626. i^i Sagadahoc, the fite of Popham's 150 See note 128, ante. convia-colony, of 1607. 74 [79] * low rate to your great damage. Gentlemen, as to Rhode- ' I/land, I have not concern'd my felf as to any relief for ^ you, having nothing in wanting to fhow to them, yet upon ^ difcourfe with fome Gentlemen there, they have fignified * a great forwardnefs to promote fuch a thing. I lying * under great refle6lions from fome of yours in the Eaft- * ward parts, that I was a very Covetous Perfon, and came ' there to enrich my felf, and that I kill'd their Cattel and ^ Barrel'd them up and fent them to Bojlon, and Sold them * for Plunder, and made Money to put into my own Pocket; ' and the owners of them being poor People beg'd for the * Hides and Tallow, with tears in their eyes; and that I * was fo cruel as to deny them; which makes me judge ' my felf uncapable to Serve you in that matter: yet I do ' affure you that the People are very charitable at the If- ' land, and forward in fuch good actions, and therefore advife ' you to delire fome good fubftantial Perfon to take the man- * agement of it, and write to the Government there, which I * know will not be labour loft.^^^ As for what I am accufed ' of, you all can witnefs to the contrary, and I fhould take it * very kindly from you to do me that juft right, as to vindi- ' cate my Reputation ; for the wife man fays, A good Name ' is as precious Oyntment. When I hear of the effe6l of the 152 Williamfon fajs Church " mag- others, encouraging their expeftations nanimoufly collecSled a confiderablecon- of ftill further relief." \_HiJt. Me. i: tribution in Plymouth Colony, which he 626.] If his authority is this letter of tranfmitted to the Eaftern Provinces, Church, — and I know of no other on accompanied by an addrefs to Major which he could have relied, — he over- Froft, John Wheelwright, Efq., and ftates the fa(5ls. 75 [8o] * Treaty, and have an account [80] of this Contribution, I ^ intend again to Write to you, being very defirous, & * Ihould think my felf very happy, to be favoured with a * few lines from your felves, or any Gentlemen in the Eafl- ' ward parts. Thus leaving you to the protection & gui- * dance of the Great God of Heaven and Earth, who is able * to protect and fupply you in your great difficulties, and to * give you deliverance in His own due time. / Remain, Gentlemen, Your moji ajjured Friend to Serve you to my titmoji power, Benjamin Church. Pojlfcript. ' Efq; Wheelwright, Sir, I intreat you, after your perufal * of thefe lines, to communicate the fame to Capt. yohn ' Littlefield, Lieut. Jofeph. Story, and to any other Gentle- * men, as in your judgment you fee fit: With the tenders of * my refpe6ls to you, &c. and to Maj. Vaughan^^^ and his 'good Lady & Family. To Capt. Fryer^^'^ & good Mrs. * Fryer, with hearty thanks for their kindnefs whilfl in thofe * parts, and good Entertainment from them. My kind Re- 153 JYiUiam Vatighan was born prob- gail, and Elizabeth. [Savage's Gen. ably in Wales ; lived in Portfmouth ; Did. iv : 368.] freeman, 1669; 1672 was Lieut, of cav- 1^4 Nathaniel Fryer was of Bofton, airy under Capt. Robert Pike; Coun- where he had, by wife Chriftian, James, fellor of Province of N. H. and Chief- Sarah, and Elizabeth; removed to Portf- Juftice of Sup. Court; died 1719. He mouth; married, as fecond wife, Doro- married 8 Dec, 1668, Margaret, dau. thy Woodbridge ; Deputy, 1666; Cap- of Richard Cutt; had Eleanor, Mary, tain and Counfellor, 1683; died 13 Aug., Cutt, George, Bridget, Margaret, Abi- 1705. \_Ibid. ii : 214.] 76 [8o] ' fpefts to Maj. Frojl^^^ Capt. Walton,^'^^ Lieut. Honeywel^^'' '• and my very good friend little Lieut. P laijied '.^^^ with due * refpefts to all Gentlemen my friends in the Eaftward ' parts, as if particularly named. Fareivell. B. C. Brijlol^ Novemb. 27. 1690. To Major Pike.^^® Honoured Sir, '' I ^Hefe co7ne to wait upon you, to bring the tenders of my -■- hearty Service to your Self & Lady, with due ac- knowledgment of thankfulnefs for all the kindnefs and favour I received from, you in the Eaflward parts, when with you. Since I came from thofe parts, I am informed by Capt. Andros, that your Self, and mofl of all the Forces are drawn off from the Eajlward parts', I admire at it, confidering that they had fo low Efleem of what was done, that they can apprehend the Eaflward parts fo fafe before the Enemy was brought into better Subjection. I was in 155 Charles Froft, born in Tiverton, charge of the Blue Point, Black Point, Eng., 1632; came over with his father and Spurwink garrifons, in the winter Nicholas about 1637; Deputy, 1658-61 ; of 1689 \S^^ note 61, ante~\ ; earned the Counfellor, 1693; Captain and Major, yo«^r/f?er." \^Me. HiJl. Coll. \ : ^''^ This was early in Auguft, 1692. 181.] "The river of Pemaquid is ten \_Me. HiJl. Coll. v: 282.] 85 [83] ius did not incline that way, for he never had any value for them, being only Nefts for Deflru6tions : ^'^ His Excellency faid, He had a fpecial Order from their Majefties King William and Queen Mary to Ereft a Fort there, &€. Then they went a-fhore and fpent fome time in the pro- jection thereof ^"^ Then his Excellency told Maj. Church that he might take all the Forces with him, except one Company to flay with him and work about the Fort; the Major anfwered that if his Excellency pleas'd he might keep two Companies with him, and he would go with the reft to Penod/col, and Places Adjacent. Which his Ex- cellency did, and gave Maj. Church his Orders: which are as followeth. I'JS Recall Church's previoufly ex- preffed opinions in regard to the forts at Mount Hope and Pocajfet. [pp. 25, 47, Part I.] 179 This fort was built of over 2000 cartloads of ftone, in a quadrangular figure, 737 feet in circumference outfide the outer wall, and 108 feet fquare with- in the inner walls. The fouthern wall, fronting the fea, was 22 feet high, and more than 6 feet thick at the ports, which were 8 feet from the ground. The great flanker or round tower at the weft end of the fouthern wall was 20 feet high ; the wall on the eaft line 12 feet high; that on the north 10 feet, and on the weft 18. It had 28 ports, and 18 guns mounted, fix of which were eighteen-pounders. The ftru(5lure ftood back 20 rods from high-water mark, and was garrifoned by 60 and fometimes 100 men. {^Magnalia, Book VII: 81; Me. Hijl. Coll. v: 282.] This fort was not intended to operate againft Indians merely, but againft piratical rovers who infefted the fea, and againft the French, who intended repofleffion. That which Maj. Andros had built in 1677, and which the In- dians took in 1690, was a mere ftock- ade; "un Fort, qui n'etoit a la verite que de pieux, mais aflez regulierement conftruit." [Charlevoix, Nouv. Fratice, i : 557-] 86 [^4] By his Excellency Sir William Phips Knight, Captain General and Governour in Chief in and over their Majejlies Province of the Maffachufetts-Bay in New- England, &c. 3n6ttUClioX10 for Major Benjamin Church. ^"1 11 T'Hereas you are Major and fo Chief Officer of a ' ' ' body of Men detached out of the Militia appointed ' for an Expedition againft the Fre^ich & Indian Enemy; * you are duely to obferve the following Inftru6lions. ' Impri. You are to take care that the Worfhip of God ' be duely & conftantly maintained and kept up amongft ' you, and to fuffer no Swearing, Curling, or other pro- * phanation of the Holy Name of God; and as much as in ' you lyes to deter and hinder all other Vice amongft your ^ Souldiers. ' 2ly. You are to proceed with the Souldiers under your * Command to Penobfcot, and with what privacy «& undif- * coverable Methods you can, there to Land your men, * and take the beft meafures to furprize the Enemy. ' 3/j/- You are by killing, deftroying, and all other means * poflible to endeavour the deftru6tion of the Enemy in ^ purfuance whereof, being fatisfyed of your Courage & * Conduct, I leave the fame to your difcretion. ' /^ly. You are to indeavour the taking what Captives * you can either Men, Women or Children, and the fame ' fafely to keep and convey them unto, me. [84] ' ^ly. Since it is not poffible to judge how affairs may * be circumftanced with you there, I fhall therefore not 87 [84] ' limit your return, but leave it to your Prudence, only ' that you make no longer Itay than you can improve for * advantage againft the Enemy, or may reafonably hope * for the fame. ' 6ly. You are alfo to take care and be very induftruous ' by all poffible means to find out and deftroy all the Ene- '■ mies Corn, and other Provifions in all Places where you ' can come at the fame. ^ ^ly. You are at your return from Penobfcot and thofe ^ Eaftern Parts, to make all difpatch hence for Kenebeck ' River, and the Places Adjacent, and there profecute all ' advantages againft the Enemy as aforefaid. * 8/k. If any Souldier, Officer or other fhall be difobe- ' dient to you as their Commander in Chief, or other their ' Superiour Officer, or make or caufe any Mutiny, commit ' other offence or diforders, you fhall call a Council of ' War amongft your Officers, and having tr3^ed him or ' them fo offending, infli6l fuch punifhment as the merit ' of the offence requires, Death only excepted, w^hich if ' any fhall deferve, you are to fecure the perfon, and fig- ' nify the Crime unto me by the firft opportunity. Given under my hand this nth day ^ Auguft, 1692. WILLIAM PHIPS. Then the Major and his Forces embark'd and made the beft of their way to Penob/cot] and coming to an Ifland in thofe Parts ^^° in the evening, landed his Forces at one end 180 Seven Hundred Acre IJlavd. [Williamfon's Hiji. Me. i : 71, 636.] 88 [84] of the faid Ifland: Then the Major took part of his Forces and mov'd toward Day to the other end of the faid Ifland, where they found two French Men, and their Families in their houfes; and that one or both of them had Indian Women to their Wives, and had Children by them. The Major prefently examining the French men, Where the Indians were ? They told him, That there was a great company of them upon an Ifland juft by:^^^ and fhowing him the Ifland, prefently difcover'd feveral of them. Maj. Church and his Forces ftill keeping undifcover'd to them, ask'd the French men where their paffing Place was.^* Which they readily fhew'd him; fo prefently placed an Ambafcade to take any that fhould come over. Then fent orders for all the reft of the Forces to come; fending them an account what he had feen & met withal; ftrickly charging them to keep themfelves undifcovered by the Enemy. The Ambafcade did not lye long before an In- dian Man and a Woman came over in a Canoo to the Place for landing, where the Ambafcade was laid: who haul'd up their Canoo, and came right into the hands of our Ambafcade, who fo fuddenly furprized them that they could not give any notice to the others from whence they came; the Major ordering that none of his fhould offer to meddle with the Canoo, left they fhould be difcovered, hoping to take the moft of them if his Forces came as order'd, he expe6ling them to come as directed. But the firft news he had of them was. That they were all coming, 181 Long inand. ^Ibid. 636.] 12 89 [85] tho' not privately [85] as ordered; but in the Veffels fair in fight of the Enemy, which foon put them all to flight; and our Forces not having Boats fuitable to purfue them, they got all away in their Canoo's, &€. (which caufed Maj Church to fay. He would never go out again without fufficient number of Whale-boats) which for want of, was the ruine of that a6lion. Then Maj. Chtirch according to his inftru6lions rang'd all thofe parts, to find all their Corn, and carried aboard their Veflels what he thought con- venient, and deftroy'd the reft. Alfo finding confiderable quantities of Plunder, viz Bever & Moofe skins, &c. Having done what Service they could in thofe parts,^^^ he returned back to his Excellency at Pemequid\ ^^^ where being come, ftaid not long: they being fhort of Bread, his Excellency intended home for Bojlon, for more Provifions; but before, going with Maj. Church & his Forces to Kene- beck River, and coming there, gave him his further Or- ders; which are as followeth. By his Excellency the Governour. To Major Benjamin Church. <- A T'Ou having already received former Inftru6lions, are J^ ' now further to proceed with the Souldiers under ' your Command for Kenebeck River, and the Places Adja- 182 Mather fajs he "took five Indians" 183 His inftrudlions were to "make here ; Hutchinfon fays " three or four." all defpatch" thence "for Kenebeck It is certain that he took but few. River"; but in doing fo he muft natu- {Magnalia, Book VII : 8i ; Hutchin- rally touch at Pemaquid, which lay be- fon's Hijl. Mafs. ii : 69.] tween. 90 [85] * cent, and ufe your utmoft indeavours to kill, deftroy and ^ take Captive the French & Indian Enemy wherelbever ' you fhall find any of them; and at your return to Peme- ' qtiid (which you are to do as foon as you can conveni- ' ently; after your beft indeavour done againft the Enemy, ' and having deftroyed their Corn and other Provifions) ' you are to ftay v^ith all 5'our Souldiers and Officers, and * fet them to v^ork on the Fort, and make what difpatch '■ you can in that bufinefs, flaying there until my further ' order. WILLIAM PHIPS. 184 Then his Excellency taking leave went for Bofton\ and foon after Maj. Church and his Forces had a fmart fight with the Enemy in Kenebeck-'Kxw^r^ Purfued them fo hard that they left their Canoo's & ran up into the woods, ftill purfued them up to their Fort at Taconock,^^^ which 184 The witch trials were in progrefs lieved had fome influence in opening in Bofton during his abfence, and it is the Governor's eyes, and ftaying the not unlikely that it was while he was delufion with its plague of blood, is not gone on this bufinefs that the incident obvious. [Hutchinfon's H(/i. Mafs. ii : occurred, which Hutchinfon mentions, 6i ; Drake's Witchcraft DeJuJton, &c. on the authority of a MS. letter; that iii : 159; Douglafs's Sutnmary, i: 450.] Mrs. Phips, being applied to for inter- 1^5 rerowwc/ falls are on the A'e««c3ec, pofition in the cafe of a lady accufed oppofite the village of Waterville. On of witchcraft, took the refponfibility of the point of land above the confluence figning a difcharge for her, upon which of the Sebajiicook with the Kentiebec, document the jailor took the refponfi- and below thefe falls, fl:ood the old bility of fetting the accufed free, — to Teconnet fort of the Indians, here re- his own harm, it was faid. Whether ferred to, and, in 1754, Fort Halifax of this had any thing to do with that the Englilb. The fite of the fort itfelf is accufation of the Governor's lady her- in Winflow, and the block-houfe was felf as a witch, which Calef afferts and lately ftanding. [Williamfon's Hiji. Douglafs hints, and which it was be- Me. i: 50; Minot's Htji. Mafs. i: 186.] 9» [86] the Enem}^ perceiving fet fire to their Houfes in the Fort, and ran away by the Hght of them, and when Maj. Church came to the faid Fort found about half their Houfes {land- ing and the reft burnt; alfo found great quantities of Corn, put up into Indian Cribs, which he and his Forces de- ftroyed, as ordered. Having done what Service he could in thofe parts return'd to Pemequid, and coming there imploy'd his Forces according to his Inftru6tions: ^^^ being out of Bread, his Excellency not coming, Maj. Church was oblig'd to borrow Bread of the Captain of the Man of War that was then there, for all the Forces under his Command, his Excellency not coming as expected. But at length his Excellency came and brought very little Bread more than would pay what was borrowed of the Man of War: So that in a fhort time after Maj. Church with his Forces return'd home to Bojlon^ and had their Wages for their good Service done. Only one thing by the way I will but juft mention, that is, about the Six Pounds Maj. Church borrowed as afore-mention'd, and put in-[86]to the hands of Mr. Fobes, who diftributed the faid Money, all but 30 s. to the Indian Souldiers as di- re6led, which was dedu6ted out of their Wages, and the Countr}^ had Credit for the fame; and the faid Fobes kept the 30 s to himfelf, which was dedu6ted out of his Wages. Whereupon Maj Walley and the faid Fobes had fome words. In fliort, Maj. Church was forc'd to pay the Six Pounds he borrowed out of his own Pocket, befides which IS*" In the hateful bufinefs of fort-building. - 92 [86] the faid Church was oblig'd to expend about Six Pounds of his own Money in Marching down the Forces both EnglifJi and Indians to Bojlon, having no drink allow'd them upon the Road, &c. So that in flead of Maj ChurcJi^s having the allowances afore-mentioned by Maj. Walley, he was out of Pocket about Twelve Pounds more and above what he had;^^^ all which had not been, had not his Excellency been gone out of the Country.^®^ The Fourth Expedition, Eaft. IN 1696. Maj ChiLvch being at Bojlon, and belonging to the Houfe of Reprefentatives,^^^ feveral Gentlemen requefting him to go Eaft again, and the General Court having made A6ts of Incouragement, &c. He told them, if they would provide Whale Boats, & other neceffaries convenient, he would: Being alfo requefted -by the faid General Court, he proceeded to raife Volunteers, and made it his whole bufmefs Riding both Eaft and Weft in our Province ^^° and Co7inefIicii-t, at great charge and ex- pences; and in about a Months time raifed a fufficient 187 Walley told him in the outfet (p. ^^^ I have found no trace of his ap- 83), that " the country could not give pointment as Deputy this year, on the him lefs than two or three hundred Briftol Town Records. This would pounds " ; fo that, at the lowed calcula- feem, from various confiderations, to tion, Church made a lofs of £188 upon have been just about as he was remov- his expedlations " aforementioned." ing to Fall River. [See Part I. xxxi.] l**8 He means that Gov. Phips's ab- l^" Plymouth and MafTachufetts Colo- fence when this fettlement took place nies had been confolidated into the new was the caufe of the wrong which he "Province of MafTachufetts Bay" by fuflfered. the new Charter of 1692. 93 [86] number out of thofe Parts, and March'd them down to BoJion\ where he had the promife that ever}^ thing fhould be ready in three Weeks or a Months time, but was oblig'd to ftay confiderable longer. Being now at Bojlon he received his Commiffion and Inftru6tionsj which are as followeth. William Stoughton, E/q',^^^ Lieutenant Governour and Commander in Chief in and over His Majejiies Pro- vince of the Maffachufetts-Bay in New-England. To Major Benjamin Church, Greeting. WHereas there are feveral Companies raifed, co7tffling of EngliJJt-Men & Indians for His Majejiies Service, to go forth upon the E7tcouragement given by the Great and General Court or AJfembly of this His Majejiies Province, convened at Bofton the 2'jth Day of May 1696. to profecute the French and Indian Enemy, &c. And you having offered your f elf to take the command and condu^ of the faid feveral Companies. By vertue therefore of the Power and Azitho- rity in and by His Majejiies Royal Com^nifjion to me 191 William Stoughtoti, {on oi\{vSi&\, Charter; and became Chief-Juftice ; of Dorchefter, graduated at Harvard, died 7 July, 1701. The recall of Sir and then at Oxford, Eng. ; became a William Phips left him in chief com- preacher; is named by Calamy among mand until Bellamont's arrival in 1699. thofe ejedled ; came back, and preached He was on the witch bench, and, unlike the election fermon of 1668 ; became Sewall, never expreffed penitence for Seledlman, Affiftant, Commiffioner of the part he took. He built Stoughton the United Colonies ; went to England Hall at Harvard. [Savage's Gen. Did. in 1677 with Bulkley as agent of the iv : 215; Palmer's iVbwcow. il/ew. i : 197; colonies; was one of Andros's Council; Quincy's Hijl. Har. Un. i: 178, 9; was chofen Lieut. Gov. under the new Eliot's Biog. Didl. 444-] 94 [87] Granted^ repojing fpecial trujl and confidence in your Loy- alty, Prudence, courage aitd good condnfl. I do by thefe Prefents Confiitute and Appoint you to be Major of the /aid feveral Companies, both Ejiglifii-Men and Indians, raifed for His Majefiies Service tipon the Encottragemerit afore- faid. Vote are therefore carefully and diligently to perform the duty of your place, by Leading, Ordering, and Exercifing the faid feveral Companies in Arms, both Inferiour Officers and Soul-\^^~\die7's, keeping them iji good Order and Dif- cipline, commanding them to obey you as their Major. And your f elf diligently to intend His Majefiies Service for the profecuting, purfuing, taking, killing or defiroying the faid Enemy by Sea or Land', A^id to obferve all fuch Orders and Infiru5lions as yozc fitall from time to time receive from my Self or Commander in chief for the time being, accord- ing to the Rules and Difcipline of War, pujfiiant to the trufi repofed in you. Given under my Hand & Seal at Arms at Bofhon, the Third Day of Auguft, 1696. In the Eighth Year of the Reigii of Our Soveraign Lord William the Third by the Grace of God of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Wm. STOUGHTON. By Command of the Lieut. Governour, &c. Ifaac Addington, Seer. Province of the Maffachufetts-Bay. 95 [87] By the Rt. Honourable the Lieutenant Governour and Commander in Chief. jJnSttUCttOnS for MaJ. Benjamin Church, Commander of the Forces raifed for His Majeflies Service againfl the French and Indian Enemy and Rebels. 'Y^Urfuant to the Commifjion given you, you are to Em- -*■ bark the Foj^ces now furnifJied and equipped for His Majeflies Service on the prefent Expedition to the Eaflern parts of this Province, ajtd with them, and fuch others as fliall offer themfelves to go forth on the faid Service to Sail unto Pifcataqua, to joyn thofe lately difpatched thither for the fame Expeditiojt, to await your coining. And with all care and diligence to improve the Veffels, Boats and Men tinder your command in fearch for, profecution and purfuit of the faid Enemy , at fuch places where you may be informed of their abode or refort, or where you may probably expefl to fnd or meet with them, and take all advantages againfl them which Providence ffia II favour you with. You are not to lift or accept any Souldiers that are already in His Majeffies pay and pofled at any Town or Garrifo?z wit/mt this Province, without fpecial Order from, my f elf You are to reqidre and give flriH: Orders that the duties of Religion be attended on board the feveral Veffels, and in the fever al companies under your command, by daily Prayers unto God and reading His Holy Word, and Obfervance of the Lords Day to the utmofl you can. You are to fee that your Souldiers have their due allow- 96 [88] ance of Provijions and other necejjaries, & that the Sick or Wounded be accommodated in the beji manner your circum- Jlances will admit. And that good order and command be kept up & maintained in the feveral companies^ and all dif- orders^ djmnkennejl^ pi^ophane curfing^i /wearing^ difobedience to Officers^ mutinies., omijjions or neglefi of duty, be duly p2ini//ted according to the Laws Martial. And you are to requii^e the Captain or chief Officer of each company with the Clerk of the fame, to keep an exaSl Journal of all their proceedings fro7n time to tim,e. In cafe any of the hidian Enemy and Rebels offer to fib- mit themfelves, you are to receive thein only at difcretion. But if you think fit to improve any of them or any others which you may happen to take Prif oners, you may encourage them to be faithful by the promife of their lives, which fiiall be granted tipon approbation of their fidelity. [88] You are carefully to look after the Indians which you have out of the Prifon^'^~ fa that they may not have oppor- tunity to efcape, but otherwife improve them to what advan- tage you can, and return them, back again to this place. You are to advife as you can have occafion with Capt. John Gorham ^^^ who accompanies you in this Expedition, and is to take your command in cafe of yotir Death. A ^^2 In purfuance of the policy bj fimilar refource. [Drake's Htjl. Bojl. i : which, in the time of Philip's war, Cor- 402; Part I. note 56.] nelius the Dutch pirate, and others, had 1^3 Mount Dcfert Ifland lies juft eaft of the debouchure of Union river, — fay 25 miles eaft of the centre of Penob- fcot Bay, and is the largefl: ifland in the State, being 15 miles long by about 7 in mean width, and containing fome 60,000 acres. A third part of this flioots up into 13 high and rugged peaks, vill- ble 20 leagues at fea, and giving to it its French name, Alonts Deferts (the defolate mountains — not, as Mr. Drake 98 [88] had taken a Ship of ours; '^^ fo the difcourfe was that they would fend the Man of War,^^^ with other Forces to take the faid French Ship and retake ours. But in the mean time Maj. Church and his Forces being read}^, imbark'd, and on the 15th day of Augiijl fet Sail for Pifcataqua, where more Men were to joyn them (but before they left Bojlon^ Maj Chu7^ch difcours'd with the Captain of the Man of War, who promifed him, if he went to Mount- Defart in purfuit of the faid French Ship, that he would call for him and his Forces at Pifcataqua^ expecting that the Fre7ich & hidians might not be far from the faid French Ship, fo that he might have an opportunity to fight them while he was ingag'd with the French Ship:) Soon after the Forces arrived at Pifcataqua the Major fent his Indian Souldiers to Col. Gidney ^^^ at York^^^ to be affift- fuggefts, named by Champlain in honor cf De Mo fits). 197 Xhe " fhip of ours " was the New- port, Capt. Paxton, which was cruifing off the Bay of Fundy (to intercept French ftores fuppofed to be on their way from Quebec to Villebon) with the Sorlings, Capt. Fames, and tlie Prov- ince tender. The two latter efcaped in a fog. Iberville refitted the Newport, and took her with him to help reduce Pemaquid. 19^ The Sorlings. 199 Bartholomew Gedney (^Gidney) was fon of John, of Salem ; was bap- tized 14 June, 1640; became a pradtif- jng phyfician ; freeman, 1669; 16S0-83, Affiftant and Counfellor; joined Brad- ftreet and others when they affumed the government on Andros's overthrow ; was named as Counfellor in the new charter; 1690, commanded in the French and Indian Expedition; 3 061., 1692, was made Judge of Probate for Effex County ; fame year was made Judge of Court of Com. Pleas for the fame Coun- ty. He was conftantly engaged in civil and military life until his death, 28 Feb., 169I. He married Hannah Clark, and had Jonathan, Bartholomew, Han- nah, Lydia, Bethia, Deborah, Samuel, Deborah and Martha (twins), Prifcilla, and Ann. He was one of the feven "witch" judges. [Savage's Gen. Di6l. ii : 240; Wafhburn's judicial Hiji. Mafs. 141, 147.] 200 " 16 Aug., 1696, Col. Gedney marches with 460 of his regiment for 99 [88] ing for the defence of thofe Places; who gave them a good Commend for their ready & wilHng Services done, in Scouting, and the like Lying at Pifcataqtia with the reft of our Forces near a Week, waiting for more Forces who was to joyn them to make up their complement; ^"^ in all which time heard never a word of the Man of War. On the 22d oi Augujl they all imbark'd from Pifcataqua^ and when they came againft York, the Major went a fhore, fending Capt. Gorhain with fome Forces in the two Brig- anteens and a Sloop to Winter Harbottr, ordering him to fend out Scouts to fee if they could make any difcovery of the Enemy, and to wait there till he came to them: Maj. Church coming to York, Col. Gidney told him his opinion was. That the Enemy was drawn oif from thofe parts, for that the Scouts could not difcover any of them, nor their Tracks. So having done his bulinefs there, went with what Forces he had there to Winter Harbotir, where he had the fame account from Capt. Gorhain, That they had not difcovered any of the Enemy, nor any new Tracks: So concluding they were gone from thofe Parts towards Penobfcot\ the Major ordered all the Veffels to come to Sail and make the beft of their way to Monhegiii^^^ which being not far from Penobfcot^^^ where the main body of Kittery. He is accompanied by a troop George's Iflands, 5 leagues E. S. E. of under Capt. John Turner." [Felt's An- Townfend, and 3 leagues W. oi Methiic, nals of Salem, 11:509.] on the coaft of Maine; and contains 201 The " complement" was 500 men. more than 1000 acres of good land, [Hutchinfon's H(/i. Ma/s. ii : 91.] with a bold fhore. [Williamfon's Hi/l. 2"^ Monhegan (^Monchiggon, Monhig- Me. i : 61.] goHi Moratiigoti) lies 9 miles S. of ^"^ Jt Js perhaps 14 miles S. E. from [89] our Enemies living was; being in great hopes to come up with the Army o{ French & Indians, before they had fcat- tered and were gone paft Penobfcot or Mount-Z^^r/, which is the chief place of their [89] departure from each other after fuch actions; and having a fair wind made the beft of our way, and early next Morning they got into Monhegin^ and there lay all day fitting their Boats, and other neccffaries to imbark in the Night at Mujfel neck'^^'' with their Boats; lying there all Day to keep undifcovered from the Enemy; at Night the Major ordered the Veffels all to come to Sail and carry the Forces over the Bay near Penobfcot\ but having little Wind,^"'' he ordered all the Souldiers to imbark on board the Boats with eight days Provifion, and fent the Veffels back to Monhegin, that they might not be difcovered by the Enemy; giving them orders when and where they fhould come to him. The Forces being all ready in their Boats, rowing very hard, got a-fhore at a Point near Penobfcot^^^ juft as the day broke, and hid their Boats, and keeping a good look-out by Sea, and fent Scouts out by Land; but could not dif- cover neither Canoo's nor Indians; what Tracks and fire places they faw were judg'd to be 7 or 8 days before they Pemaguid, and 25 miles S. W. of the - thefhips; and fo, finding that the wind entrance of Penobfcot baj'. was too light to make progrels by fails, 20* I am not clear whether the refer- he put his men into the boats, and fent ence here is to a point of that name on the ftiips back. Monhegan, or to the Miifcle Ridges, '■^"^ At OwVs Head, in the N. E. cor- which is a clufter of about a dozen ner of Thomafton. [Sewall's Anc. ifl^nds, not far off. Dom. of Me. 215; Eaton's Hiji. T/iom- 20^ The boats, of courfe, were with ajlon, Rockland, and So. Thorn, i : 29.] [89] came: As foon as Night came that they might go undif- covered got into their Boats and went by MuJJel-neck, and fo amongft Pcnobfcot Iflands,^"^ looking very fharp as they went for fires on the fhore, and for Canoo's, but found neither; getting up to Mathebejliicks hills,^"® day coming on, landed, and hid their Boats; looking out for the Ene- my, as the day before, but to little purpofe. Night coming on, to their Oars again, working very hard, turn'd the Night into Day; made feveral of their new Souldiers grumble: but telling them they hoped to come up quickly with the Enemy put new life into them; and by day-light they got into the Mouth of the River, where landing, found many Randezvous and fire Places where the Indians had been; but at the fame fpace of time, as before men- tioned. And no Canoo's paiTed up the River that day. Their Pilot Jofeph York^'''^ inform'd the Major that 50 or 60 Miles up that River at the great Falls, the Enemy had a great Randezvous,~'° and planted a great quantity of 207 A large clufter of iflands lie off in '^O^ Williamfon \_HiJi. Me. i : 645] the mouth of Penobfcot bay. Among calls this pilot Joku York, but gives no them are Long, Seven Hundred Acre, authority for differing from Church. A Billy Job's, Marfhall's, LafTell's, Mark, family of Yorks was among the earli- Saddle, Lime, Enfign, two Moufe, eft fettlers of thefe regions, who were Spruce, and Fox iflands, with fome probably defcendants of Richard, who unnamed. lived in Dover, N.H., 1648. John York 208 Thefe are Camden heights — as was one of the truftees of No. Yar- the crow flies, about 10 miles N. W. mouth, 1685 ; and yames, Thomas, and from Owl's Head, in the town of Cam- Samuel purchafed land of the Indians, den. They are five or fix in number, in July, 1670, on the eaft fide of the An- the higheft being fome 1500 feet above drofcoggin. [Willis's Hi/i. Portland, the fea level. They can be feen 20 302 ; Sullivan's Hiji. Me. 146.] leagues at fea. [See Williamfon's HiJi. 210 Suppofed to be the prefent Old- Me. i : 95.] town, 12 miles above Bangor. [9o] Corn, when he was a Prifoner with them, four Years a goe, and that he was very well acquainted there; this gave great incouragement to have had fome confiderable advantage of the Enemy at that Place; fo ufing their ut- rnofl endeavours to get up there undifcovered: and coming there found no Enemy nor Corn Planted, they having de- ferted the Place. And ranging about the Falls on both fides of the River, leaving Men on the Eaft fide of the faid River, and the Boats juft below the Falls,^'^ with a good guard to fecure them, and to take the Enemy if they came down the River in their Canoo's: The weft fide being the Place where the Enemy lived and beft to travel on, they refolved to range as privately as they could, a Mile or two above the Falls, difcovered a birch Canoo coming down with two Indians in it, the Major fent word immediately back to thofe at the Falls to lye very clofe, and let them pafs down the Falls, and to take them alive, that he might have Intelligence where the Enemy was (which would have been a great advantage to them:) but a foolifti [90] Souldier feeing them palling by him, fliot at them, con- trary to orders given, which prevented them going into the Ambafcado that was laid for them; whereupon feveral more of our Men being near, fhot at them; fo that one of them could not ftand when he got a-fliore, but crept away into the brufli, the other ftep'd out of the Canoo with his Paddle in his hand, and ran about a rod, and then threw 211 Williamfon fays they left their boats at the " Bend," in what is now Edding- ton. {,HiJl. Me. i : 645.] 103 [9o] down his Paddle and turn'd back & took up his Gun, and fo efcaped: One of our Indians fwom over the River and fetch'd the Canoo, wherein was a confiderable quantity of bloud on the Seats, that the Indians fat on; the Canoo having feveral holes fhot in her: They ftopt the holes, and then Capt. Brackit^^'^ with an Indian Souldier went over the River, who Track'd them by the bloud about half a Mile, found his Gun, took it up, and feeing the bloud no further, concluded that he ftopt his bloud, and fo got away. In the mean time another Canoo with three Men were coming down the River were fired at by fome of our Forces, ran a-fliore and left two of their Guns in the Ca- noo, which were taken, and alio a Letter from a Prieft to Cajieen^^"^ that gave him an account of the French and Indians returning over the Lake ^^^ to Mount-Royal,^^^ and of their little Service done upon the Maquas Indians weft- ward, only demolifhing one Fort and cutting down fome Corn, &c?^^ He deliring to hear of the proceedings of '^12 See note 120. ante. le nom de Motitreal donne a I'ile ou 213 See note 34, 072 fe. cette petite montagne eft affile." [_Hty- ''!< The Oneida or Onondaga lake. toire de la Col. Frani^aife en Canada, [i Nexv York Hiji. Coll. iv : 121.] i: 24.] 215 Montreal. "lis admirtrent la 216 -phe Maquas {Mingos) were the beaute des alentours, comme auffi le Five Nations of the Englifh, and the cours majeftueux & la largeur du grand Iroquois of the French. The expedi- fleuve, qu'ils fuivaient des veux au- tion to which reference is here made was tant que leur vue pouvait f'etendre ; that of i^row/cw^c, who added to all his enfin I'imp tuofit du faut oli leurs own French regulars as many Indians barques etaient reftees ; ce qui fut caufe as he could colledl, and left Lachine, que Cartier, charme des' points de vue 7 July, 1696, with light batteaux for qu'il de'couvrait de la, nomma cette river portage, &c., with a powerful force montagne le Mont-Royal, d'ou eft venu to attack the Five Nations. After 12 days' 104 [9o] Deborahuel^^"' and the French Man of War; and informed him that there were feveral Canoo's coming with work- men from Qiiabcck, to Saint yok7i's,~^^ where fince we con- cluded it was to build a Fort at the Rivers Mouth, where the great Guns were taken, &c. It being juft Night, the Officers were call'd together to advife, & their Pilot York march, they arrived at Cadaracqui, and fcattered the Onotidaffas, but only captured a little corn and a Sachem loo years old, whom they tortured in away which extorted from Charlevoix the remark, that " never was a man treated with more cruelty, nor ever did any man bear torture with greater firmnefs and magnanimity." Frontenac marched back, with no further refults for this expenfive campaign than the treacher- ous capture of 35 confiding Oneidas, who were taken by the Chevalier Vaii- drueil. [i New- York Hijl. Coll. ii : 44; iv : 121 ; Bancroft's Hiji. U. S. iii : 190 : Hildreth's HiJl. U. S. ii : 193 ; Dun- lap's HiJi. Ne-w Tork, i : 227 ; Colden's HiJl. Five Ind. Nations, 18S-194.] 211 This is a curious illuftration of the eafe with which names are changed by paffing from one language into another. Between Col. Church's way of pronouncing the name of this French admiral, and his fon Thomas's way of writing it, the very refpe<5lable D' Iber- ville was metamorphofed into the abnormal, if not neutral, certainly pe- culiar, ^^ Deborahuel." Lemoine D^ Iberville was born in Mon- treal, 1642 ; was one of feven brothers adlive in Canadian affairs ; went early to fea; diflinguilhed himfelf for bravery and ability; commanded the expedition 14 105 which recovered Fort Nelfon to the French, 16S6; fuccefsfully invaded New- foundland, and gained vi<5tories in Hud- fon's Bay, 1697 ; was reputed to be the moft fkilful naval officer in the French fervice ; was commiflioned to explore the mouth of the MifTifTippi, and failed from /?(?c^^(>r/ for that purpofe, 17 061., 169S ; entered the river, 2 March, 1670; returned to France, but was again or- dered to the river; captured Nevis, 1706; died at Havana, on board his fhip, on the eve of an expedition againft Jamaica, 9 July, 1706. Hutch- infon is wrong in his note, "This was not the Iberville who laid the foun- dation of the French colony at Mif- fiflippi in 1690. He died in a year or two after that." The colony was found- ed in 1699, and D'Iberville lived feven years after that date. He was invading Newfoundland the next year after this expedition of Church, and there is no reafon to doubt that he was the admiral in command of the French fhips which captured and razed Pemaquid. [Hutch- infon's HiJl. MaJ's. ii : 88; NevJ Avier. Cyc. ix: 430.] 218 Saint John still ftands — as the principal city and feaport of New Brunfwick — on a rocky peninfula on the left bank of the pidturefque river of the name. [91] inform'd them of a Fort up that River, & that it was built on a little Ifland in that River ;^^^ and that there was no getting to it but in Canoo's, or on the Ice in the Winter time: This with the" certain knowledge that we were dif- covered by the Enemy that efcaped out of the upper Ca- noo, concluded it not proper at that time to proceed any further up, and that there was no getting any further with our Boats; and the Enem}^ being Alarm'd would certainly fly from them (and to do as they did four Years ago at their Fort at Taconock^ having fought them in Kanebeck River, and purfued them about 30 Miles to Taconock\^'^^ for they then fet their Fort on fire, and run away by the Light of it, ours not being able to come up with them at that Place.) Maj. CJuirch then incour- aging his Souldiers, told them, he hop'd they fhould meet with part of the Enemy, in Penobfcot ba}', or at Mount-/?^r/, where the French Ships were. So not- withftanding they had been rowing feveral Nights before, with much toyl, belides were fhort of Provifions, they chearfull}^ embark'd on board their Boats, and went down the River, both with and againft the Tide: and next Morn- ing came to their Veflels, where the Major had ordered them to meet him, who could give him no intelligence of any Enemy. Where being come they refrefli'd them- felves; Meeting then with another difappointment, for their Pilot York [91] not being acquainted any further, 219 See note 210, ante. 220 gee note 185, a7ite. 106 L9iJ they began to lament the lofs of one Robert Cawley^^^ who they chiefly depended on for all the Service to be done now Eaftward : he having been taken away from them the Night before they fot Sail from Bojlon (and was on board Mr. Thorps-'^ Sloop) and put on board the Man of War, unknown to Maj Church\ notwithftanding he had been at the charge and trouble of procuring him. Then the Major was oblig'd to one Bord,^^ procured by Mr. William Alden^-"^ who being acquainted in thofe parts, to leave his Veflel and go with him in the Boats, which he readily complyed with, and fo went to Nasket point; ^^^ where being inform'd was a likely place to meet with the Ene- my; coming there found feveral Houfmg and fmall Fields of Corn, the fires having been out feveral days, and no 2-1 Robert Ca-vley {Cattle, Caulie), of Pcinaqtitd, took the oath of fidelity to MafTachufetts, at the Court, 7 Oc5t., 1674; and was undoubtedly the perfon here referred to. He may have been a fon of Thomas, who was freeman, Cambridge, 1640; was " alowed to keepe yi(5tualing in his houfe for ftrang's " 14 Maj', 1645, and appears to have been at Marblehead, 1671. {Ma/s. Col. Rec. ii : 98; v : 18; A^. ^. Hijl. and Gen. Reg. iii : 187 ; Savage's Gen. Did. i : 350.] 222 There was a Robert Thorpe at York, 1660; and one of that name was admoniflied by the Court " not to ad- venture too many into any boate." [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 293 ; Mafs. Col. Rec. i : 249.] 223 Henry Boade {Bord,Bode, Boad) fettled at Saco before 1636; was free- man at Wells, Me., 5 July, 1653; was Juftice there 1653 ; died 1657. This man of whom Church fpeaks, may have been his fon. \_N. E. HiJl. and Gen. Reg. iii: 193; Folfom's Hijl. Saco, 119.] 224 Capt. John Alden (see note 133, «»/e) had a fon William, born 10 Sept., 1669, who would now be 27 years old, and may have followed his father's fea- faring trade, and been a member of this expedition, as " m after of the Brigan- teen Endeavour." [Savage's Gen. Did. i: 23.] 225 Najkeag point is the S. E. ex- tremity of the prefent town of Sedge- wick, Me. 107 [91] new Tracks. But upon Penobfcot Ifland ^^ they found feveral Indian Houfes, Corn & Turnips, tho' the Enemy ftill being all gone, as before mentioned. Then they di- vided and fent their Boats fome one way and fome another, thinking that if any ftraggling Indians, or Cajlee7i himfelf fhould be there-about, they might find them, but it prov'd all in vain. Himfelf and feveral Boats went to Mount- De/art, to fee if the French Ships were gone and whither any of the Enemy might be there, but to no purpofe: The Ships being gone and the Enemy alfo. They being now got feveral Leagues to the Weftward of their Veflels; and feeing that the way was clear for their Veflels to pafs: And all their extream rowing and travelling by Land and Water, Night and Day to be all in vain. The Enemy having left thofe parts, as they judg'd about eight or ten days before. And then returning to their Veffels, the Commander calling all his Officers together, to confult and refolve what to do, concluding that the Enemy by fome means or other had received fome Intelligence of their being come out againfl; them; and that they were in no neceflity to come down to the Sea fide as yet, Moofe and Bever now being fat. They then agreed to go fo far Eafl;, and imploy themfelves, that the Enemy belonging to thofe parts might think they were gone home: having fome difcourfe about going over to Saint yokn''s', but the 226 Now called Orphan Ifland, con- port, and owned by defcendants of taining some 5000 acres, and dividing an orphan, who inherited a part of the the waters of the Penobfcot into two old Waldo patent. [Williamfon's Hijl. branches. The ifland is taxed in Buckf- Me. i : 69.] loS [91] Mafters of the Veflels faid, he had as good carry them to old France, &c. which put off that defign, they concluding that the French Ships were there. Then the Major mov'd for going over the Bay towards La/iane,"^ and toward the Gut of Cancer^ where was another conliderable Fort of Indians, who often came to the affiftance of our Enemy, the barbarous Indians] faying that b}^ the time they fhould return again, the Enemy belonging to thefe parts would be come down again, expecting that we are gone home. But in fliort, could not prevail with the Mailers of the open Sloops to venture a-crofs the Bay; who faid it was very dangerous fo late in the Year, and as much as their Lives were worth, &c. Then they concluded and refolved to go to Sena^aca,^^^ wherein there was a ready compli- ance (but the want of their Pilot Robert Cawley was a great damage to them, who knew all thofe parts:) how- 2-'' Milprint for Z-a /r«r'e, a harbor of that St. John was as full of enemies Nova Scotia on its S. E. coaft, at the as " Old France," and not to the ocean mouth of the Have, fome 50 miles S. W. diftance ; as is fhown here bj their re- from Halifax. [Haliburton's7//y?. Nov. ludlance even to crofs the Bay. Scot.'w 141.] -2^ Chiegnedo Bay {Beau Bajzti) is 228 The gut of Canjeau is the narrow an inlet between Nova Scotia and New channel between Nova Scotia and Cape Brunfwick, being the tapering northern Breton, from the Atlantic into North- extremity of the Bay of Fundy. This umberland Strait ; averaging fcarcely is two degrees farther E. than St. more than 2 miles in width, to a length John's, and a little farther north. The of 17 miles. Almoft the whole length of fort, or fettlement, oi Beau Bajin, which Nova Scotia lies between it and St. Church was proceeding to attack, was John, — making it at leafl: four and a fituated at the extreme N. E. terminus half degrees farther E. than that town. of the bay, and jufl: N. of the entrance The faying above, of the mafters, that of the river La Plancke, on nearly the " he had as good carry them to old fame fpot where P'ort Lawrence after- France, &c.," muft refer to their notion ward flood. 109 [ 9^ ] [92] ever Mr. John Alde^t Mafter of the Briganteen En- deavour Pilotted them up the Bay to Senafiaca] and com- ing to GrinJlo7i-^o\vA.{^^ being not far from Senaflaca\ then came too with all the Veffels; and early next Morning came to Sail, and about Sun-rife got into Town; but it being fo late before we landed, that the Enemy moft of them made their efcape, (and as it happen'd landed where the French & Indians had fome time before killed Lieut. John Paine^"^^ and feveral of Capt. Smithfons ^^^ Men, that 230 I know not how to explain this, except it refers to IJle dcs Meules (Ifle of Grindflones, or Millftones), which is laid down on Charlevoix's Map of Aca- dia, a few miles N. W. of Beau Bnjtn, and juft out of fight from it round Cape des Marhigouins (Mofquito Point). 231 I find no fatisfaftory account of this 'Jolm Pahie. Mr. Drake \^ed. of Church (1843), 228; ed. of Hubbard. ii : 212] intimates that this may have been the John Pain who had trouble with the government in 1669, in the matter of Thomas Dickinfon's murder at Pennacook in the previous fum- mer, by an Indian befide himfelf with rum, which Pain had furnifhed to him and others. But the records are per- fedlly explicit on the point that that man's name was " Thomas Payne, late trader among the Indians at Pennicookc upon Merrimack river." This Lieut. John may have been his fon. {^Mafs.. Col. Bee. iv: Part II. 428; Bouton's Hijl. Concord, N.H. 35.] 232 I am equally unfortunate with regard to Capt. Smithfon. The name is a very uncommon one in early New- England annals. It does not appear in Savage's omnivorous pages ; nor in the crowded indexes of the 20 vols, of the N. E. Hifi. and Gen. Regijler, except as the name of a paflenger to Virginia in 1635 ; nor in thofe of the 43 vols, of the Collections and Proceedings of the Mafs. Hift. Society; nor in that of Drake's Founders of Nezv England ; nor in the lift of freemen of Mafs. ; nor in the indexes of the Mafs. Col. Rec- ords ; nor in the lift of the freemen of Plymouth Colony, or the indexes of its records ;^nor in thofe of the records of the Colonies of Rhode Ifland, Con- nedlicut, and New Haven. Under thefe circumftances I have little doubt that the name is a miftake for another — what, I have no ufeful conje6tin-e. Nor can I fuggeft in what fkirmifii thefe lives had been loft, unlefs it were con- necfted with Sir William Phips's Expe- dition in 1690, when he feems to have vifited Beau Bajin. [ Haliburton's Hifl. Nov. Scot, i : 77 ; Hutchin- fon's Hifi. Mafs. i : 352.] [92] was with faid Paine) They feeing our Forces coming took the opportunity, fired feveral Guns, and fo run all into the Woods, carryed all or moft part of their goods with them. One Jarmaji Bridgway'^'^ came running to- wards our Forces with a Gun in one hand, and his Car- tridg-box in the other, calling to our Forces to flop that he might fpeak with them; but Maj. Church thinking it was that they might have fome advantage, ordered them to run on; when the faid ^rz'^ex/^ji/ fa w they would not flop, turn'd and run, but the Major call'd unto him, and bid him ftop, or he fhould be fhot down; fome of our Forces being near to the faid Bridgway^ faid it was the General that call'd to him: he hearing that, ftop'd and turn'd about, laying down his Gun, flood, till the Major came up to him, his defire was that the Commander would make hafte with him to his houfe, left the Salvages ^^ fhould kill his Father and Mother, who were upward of fourfcore Years of Age, and could not go. The Major ask'd the faid Bridgway whither there was any Indians amongft them ? and where they liv'd ? he fhak'd his head, and faid, he durft not tell, for if he did they would take an opportunity and kill him and his: fo all that could be got out of him was, that they were run into the Woods with ■233 "The Englifti purfued, and foon refpe(5lable Acadians." {,HiJl. Nov. met Bourgeois (Church calls him Scot, i : 77.] Bridgwrtw) a principal inhabitant, com- 234 That is, Church's Indians, — ing to aflc quarter for himlelf and fam- among whom probably were ftill fome ily." [Hutchinfon's ////?. il/f{/s. ii : 92.] of thofe faithful old Saconets\\\\o had Haliburton calls him " one of the moft followed him on fo many war-paths. [ 93 ] the reft. Then orders were given to purfue the Enemy, and to kill what Indians they could find, and take the French alive, and give them quarter, if they ask'd it. Our Forces foon took three French Men, who upon examina- tion faid. That the Indians were all run into the woods. The French firing feveral Guns at our Forces, and ours at them; but they being better acquainted with the woods than ours, got away. The Major took the above faid yarman Bridgzvay for a Pilot, and with fome of his Forces went over a River,^^ to feveral of their houfes, but the People were gone and carryed their goods with them: In ranging the woods found feveral Indian-houfes, their fires being juft out, but no Indians. Spending that day in ranging to & fro, found confiderable of their goods, and but few People; at Night the Major writ a Letter, and fent out two French Prifoners, wherein was fignifyed. That if they would come in, they fhould have good quar- ters. The next day feveral come in, which did belong to that part of the Town where our Forces firft landed, who had encouragements given them by our Commander, That if they would affift him in taking thofe Indians which be- long'd to thofe parts, they ftiould have their goods return'd to them again, and their Eftates fhould not be damnify'd;^^ which they refufed. Then the Major and his [93] Forces purfued their defign and went further ranging their Coun- 235 Probably the MiffaqttaJJt ; and the 236 « Damnified — to do damage to." houfes were, moll likely, where was — Bailey. " That the Commonwealth afterwards Fort Cumberland. of learning be not dam7jijied." — Milton. L93J try, found feveral more houfes, but the People fled, and carried what they had away; but in a Crick ^^ found a prize Bark that was brought in there by a French Priva- teer: in ranging the woods took fome Prifoners, who upon examination gave our Commander an account that there was fome Indians upon a Neck of Land towards Menes;^^ fo a party of Men was fent into thofe woods, and in their ranging about the faid Neck found fome Plunder, and a conliderable quantity o{ Hurtleburies, both green and dry, which were gathered by the Indians, and had like to have taken two hidians, who by the help of a birch Canoo got over the River ^^ and made their efcape. Alfo they found two Barrels of Powder, and near half a bufliel of Bullets ; the French denying it to be theirs, faid they were the Sal- vages ; but fure it might be a fupply for our Enemies : Alfo they took from barman Bridgway feveral Barrels of Pow- der, with Bullets, Shot, Spears and Knives, and other fup- plies to relieve our Enemies; he owning that he had been a Trading with thofe Indians along Cape Sable Shore, with Peter Affnow, &c. in a Sloop our Forces took from him; and that there he met with the French Ships, and went along with them to St. JohfCs, and helped them to unload the faid Ships and carryed up the River Provifions, Am- 23'' The mouth of Tatitatnar river, Beau Bafin ; and the neck was that or the Metnramcook ? which terminated in Cape Chiegnedo, 238 Les Mines was the name of the now known as Cumberland, firft bay running into the interior of 239 Riviere aux Pommcs : now Apple Acadia, from the Bay of Fundy W. of River? IS "3 L93] munition, and other goods to Vilboons ^^^ Fort. The Major having ranged all Places as was thought proper, return'd back to the place where they firft Landed, and finding feveral Prifoners come in, who were much troubled to fee their Cattel, Sheep, Hogs & Dogs lying dead about their houfes, chop'd and hack'd with Hatches, (which was done without order fi-om the Major ^^^) however he told them. It was nothing to what our poor EngliJJi in our Frontier Towns were forc'd to look upon, for Men, Women and Children were chop'd and hack'd fo, and left half dead, with all their Scalps taken of, and that they and their In- dians ferved ours fo; and our Salvages would be glad to ferve them fo too, if he would permit them; which caufed them to be mighty fubmiffive, and beg'd the Major that he would not let the Salvages ferve them fo. Our Indians being fome what fenfible of the difcourfe, defired to have fome of them to Roft, and fo make a dance; and dancing 240 The Chevalier Villebon \f2iS fent 23 others, and fent to Bofton." [Charle- over from France to take the govern- voix's Hi/i. Nouv. France; Halibur- ment of Nova Scotia, fucceeding M. ton's Hijl. Nov. Scot, i : 77.] Perot. He made his fort at the mouth 241 Charlevoix fajs that our foldiers of the St. John the rallying point of plundered the Acadians until Burgeois French and Indians for their defcents produced a proclamation which had upon the Englilh colonies. He partici- been given by Sir Wm. Phips, alTuring pated vv^ith D' Iberville in the capture of them of protection fo long as they re- i'ewa^zw'i/, and was novsr back at his fort. mained faithful to King William ; and Charlevoix makes the miftake of con- that Church, being made acquainted founding him with Villeau (fee note with it, refpedled it, and ordered his 194, ante'), and fo reprefents him as foldiers to do the fame, who however, having been captured and releafed by he adds, ftill " condudled themfelves the Englilh. Haliburton copies the as if they had been in a conquered blunder, faying he " was captured with country." \^HiJl. Nouv. France.'\ 114 [94] in a hideous manner to terrify them, faid, That they could eat any fort of flefh, and that fome of theirs would make their hearts ftrong: fkepping up to fome of the Prifoners, faid, They mult have their Scalps, which much terrifyed the poor Prifoners, who beg'd for their lives. The Major told them he did not defign the Salvages fhould hurt them; but it w^as to let them fee a little what the poor Engli/Ji felt, faying, it was not their Scalps he wanted, but the Salvages, for that he fhould get nothing by them; and told them, That their Fathers the Fryers ^"^^ and Govern- ours incouraged their Salvages, and gave them Money to Scalp our EnglifJt^ notwithftanding they were with them; which feveral of our EngliJJi there prefent did teftify to their Faces, that their Fathers and Mothers were [94] ferved fo in their fight. But the Major bid them tell their Fathers the Fryers and the Governours, That if they ftill perfifted and let their wretched Salvages kill & deflroy the poor Engli/Ji at that rate, he would come with fome hun- dreds of Salvages, and let them loofe among them, who would Kill, Scalp and carry away every French perfon in all thofe parts, for they were the root from whence all the branches came that hurt us; for the hidians could not do us any harm, if they did not relieve and fupply them. The French being fenfible of the Majors kindnefs to them, kifs'd his hand, & was very thankful to him for his favour to them in faving their lives ; owned that their Priefts was at the taking of Pemaquid Fort, and were now gone to 242 The Acadians were bigoted Romanifts. "5 [94] Laykone^^^ with fome of the Indians, to meet the French Ships, but for what they would not tell. The Commander with his Forces having done all the Service they could in thofe parts, concluded to go to St. yo/mh River ^^'^ to do further Service for their King and Country, Embark'd all on board their Tranfports,~^^ and having a fair wind foon got to Monoge?te/l,^^^ which lyes a little diftance from the Mouth of St. yo/mh River. Next Morning early the Ma- jor with his Forces landed to fee what difcovery they could make, Travel'd a crofs the woods, to the old Fort or Falls at the Mouth of St. yo/iii's River, keeping them- felves undifcovered from the Enemy; finding that there were feveral Men at work, and having inform'd themfelves as much as they could, (the Enemy being on the other fide of the River, could not come at them) Returned back, but Night coming on and dark wet Weather, with bad Travelling, was oblig'd to flop in the woods till to- wards day next Morning, and then went on board; foon after the Major ordered all the Veflels to come to Sail, and go into the Mouth of the River; being done, it was not long before the Major and his Forces landed on the ^^* La Have (fee note 227, ante.') 245 Hutchinlbnfaj'S they left ^e«z^^a- ^''■i The fcruples of thofe who thought Jtti, 20 Sept., 1696. \_HiJl. Mafs. ii : 94.] " he had as good carry them to old 246 jjj^ ^^ Menagoniche (given on France " as to St. John, when they were Haliburton's Map as AIeoge7ies) lies off at /'ewoiiyco/, were probably removed by the fhore, a little W. of the entrance finding that they would now be going of the river St. John, and of the fite of near 150 miles toward home by repairing an old fort. The new fort, which Ville- thither. It feems to have made a great bon was building, was on the other (E.) difference in the valor of fome of the par- fide of the river, juft above the Ijle aiix ty, whether they were heading E. or W. Perdraux (now Partridge I.) 116 [94] Eaft fide of the River, the French firing briskly at them, but did them no harm; and running fiercely upon the Ene- my, they foon fled into the Woods. The Major ordered a brisk party to run a crofs a Neck^^^ to cut them off from their Canoo's, which the day before they had made a dif- covery of; fo the Commander with the reft ran dire6lly towards the New Fort they were a building, not knowing but they had fome Ordnance mounted. The Enemy run- ning dire6lly to their Canoo's was met by our Forces, who fired at them and kill'd one and wounded Corporal Can- ton^"^^ who was taken, the reft threw down what they had and ran into the woods; the faid Prifoner Canton being brought to the Major, told him, if he would let his Sur- geon drefs his wound and cure him, he would be Service- able to him as long as he liv'd: fo being drefs'd, he was Examin'd: who gave the Major an account of the Twelve great Guns which were hid in the beach below high wa- ter Mark (the Carriges, Shot and Wheelbarrows, fome Flower & Pork, all hid in the Woods:) And the next Morning the Officers being all ordered to meet together, to confult about going up the River to Vilboons Fort,^^^ 2*'' The neck, apparently, between the at the Gemfec. Haliburton gives the St. John and the Riviere de Cant- following paper, which defcribes mi- bechis (Haliburton gives it Kennebeck- nutely its condition in 1670 ; and which ajts)^ the firft Eaftern confluent of the may be worth the fpace it will occupy as former above its mouth. hinting the falhion of thefe Indian forts, "^^ It would be a hopelefs tafk to con- and their fittings in the earlier days : jedlure what French name lies perdu "Inventory. — i. At the entering in under this cognomen. of faid Fort, on the left hand we found '■^^^ The fort which was the headquar- a court of guard about 15 paces long, ters of Villebon was up the St. John and 10 broad, having, upon the right 117 [95] and none amongft them being acquainted [95] but the Aldens, who faid the Water in the River was very low; fo that they could not get up to the Fort, and the Prifoner Canton told the Commander, That what the Aldens faid was true. So not being willing to make a Canada Expe- dition,^^" concluded it was not pra6licable to proceed. Then ordered fome of the Forces to get the great Guns on board the open Sloops, and the reft to rang the woods for the Enemy, who took one Prifoner, and brought in; who in their ranging found there a Shallop haul'd into a Crick, and a day or two after there came in a Young Souldier to our Forces, who upon examination gave an account of hand a houle of the like length and breadth, built with hewn ftone and cov- ered with fhingles, and above them there is a chapel of about 6 paces long and 4 paces broad ; covered with fhin- gles and built with terras, upon which there is a fmall turret, wherein there is a little bell, weighing about i8 lbs. " 2. Upon the left hand as we entered into the Court, there is a magazine, hav- ing 2 ftories built with ftone, and cov- ered with fhingles, being in length about 36 paces long, and 10 in breadth ; which magazine is very old and wanted much repair; under which is a little cellar, in which there is a well; and upon the other fide of faid court, being on the right hand, there is a houfe of the fame length and breadth the maga- zine is, being half covered with fhin- gles, and the reft uncovered and wanting much repair; upon the ram- parts of the faid fort are 12 iron guns, weighing in all 21,122 lbs. "3. We do find in the faid fort 6 murtherers, without Chambers, weigh- ing 1200 lbs. " 4. 200 iron bullets, from 3 to 8 lbs. "5. About 30 or 40 paces from the faid fort, there is a fmall outhoufe, being about 20 paces in length, and 8 in breadth ; built with planks and half covered with ihingles, which do not ferve for any ufe but to houfe cattle. "6. About 50 paces from faid out- houfe there is a fquare garden, enclofed with rails, in which garden there are 50 or 60 trees bearing fruit. " Signed, Le Chevalier de Grand Fontaine. Jean Maillard. Richard Walker. Isaac Garner. Marshall, Sec'y." [Haliburton's Hijl. Nov. Scot, i : 66.] 250 sjj- William Phips's attack upon Canada had inglorioufly failed in 1690, partly becaufe of the latenefs of the feafon at which it was undertaken, and iiS [95] two more which he left in the woods at fome diftance ; fo immediately the Major with fome of his Forces went in purfuit of them, taking the faid Prifoner with them, who convey'd them to the place where he left them, but they ^were gone. Then ask'd the Prifoner, Whither there were any Indians in thofe parts ? Said, No, it was as hard for Vilboon their Governour to get an Indian down to the water lide, as it was for him to carry one of thofe great Guns upon his back to his Fort: for they having had In- telligence by a Prifoner out of Bojlon Goal,^^^ that gave them an account of Maj. Chtirch and his Forces coming out againfb them. Now having with a great deal of pains and trouble got all the Guns, Shot and other Stores aboard, intended on our defign which we came out firft for, but the Wind not ferving, the Commander fent out his Scouts into the woods to feek for the Enemy, and four of our In- dians come upon three Fre7ich Men undifcovered, who concluded that if the French fhould difcover them would fire at them and might kill one or more of them, which to prevent fired at the Frejtck, kill'd one and took the other two Prifoners; and it happen'd that he who was kill'd was Shanelere^'^ the Chief Man there &€. The fame Day they mended their Whale-boats, and the Shallop which they took, fitting her to Row with Eight Oars, that fhe might be helpful to their Profecuting their intended defign againft the Enemy in their returning homewards. Then the partly becaufe of its inherent weaknefs. be one of Villeau's men (fee note 195, [Hutchinfon's Hijl. Mafs. i : 352-6.] ante). 251 There was hardly time for this to 252 See note 248, ante. 119 [96] Commander ordering all the Officers to come together, Inform'd them of his intentions and ordered that no Veffels fhould depart from the Fleet, but to attend the Motions of their Commadore, as formerly, except they were parted by Storms or thick Fogs, and if fo it fhould happen that any did part, when they come to Pajfamequady^^^ fhould ftop there a while, for there they intended to Hop, and do bufinefs with the help of their Boats againft the Enemy, and if they mift that to ftop at Machias\ ^^"^ which was the next place he intended to flop at, having an account by the Prifoners taken. That Mr. LaterW^^ was there a trading with the Indians in that River: Incouraging them, faid. He did not doubt but to have a good booty there; and if they fhould pafs thofe two places, be fure not to go paft Naskege-'i^omt^^^ but to ftop there, till he came, and not to depart thence in a Fortnight without his orders, having great Service to do in and about Penobfcot^ &c. Then the Major difcourfed with Capt. Brackit^^'' Capt. Htmewell^^^ and Capt. Larking^^^ [96] (with their Lieutenants) Com- manders of the Forces belonging to the Eaftward parts, who were to difcourfe their Souldiers about their proceed- ing, when they came to Penobfcot\ and the Major himfelf 253 The bay into which empties the fifth expedition, with his family, fome St. Croix, the boundary between the of whom were reported to be drowned. United States and the Britilh Provinces. 256 See note 225, ante. 23-* The next port weftward. 257 See note 120, ante. 255 Probably the Frenchman who is 258 See note 157, attte. twice referred to fubfequently (on p. 259 There was a Samuel Larkin 109 of the original paging) as "old among the early inhabitants of Portf- Lotriel" and as being captured in the mouth, N.H. [96] was to difcourfe his /ndtan-Sould'iers, and their Captains; who with all the reft readily compl37'd. The proje6lion being fuch, That when they came to Pefiobfcot the Com- mander defign'd to take what Provilions could be fpared out of all the Sloops, and put on board the two Brigan- teens,'^*^ and to fend all the Sloops home with fome of the Officers and Men that wanted to be at home : and then with thofe Forces afore-mentioned {to wit^ the Eaftward Men, and all the India7is', and to take what Provilions and Ammunition was needful, and to March with himfelf up into the Penobfcot Country, in fearch for the Enemy, and if poffible to take that Fort in Penobfcot River. Capt. Brackit informing the Major, That when the water was low they could waid over (which was at that time) the loweft that had been known in a long time. And being there to rang thro' that Country down to Pemequid, where he intended the two Briganteens fhould meet them; and from thence taking more Provilions {viz^ Bread, Salt & Ammunition fuitable (to fend thofe two Veffels home alfo) to travel thro' the Country to Nerigiwock^^^ and from thence to Ameras cogen-Fort, and fo down where the Enemy us'd to Plant, not doubting but that in all this Travel to meet with many of the Enemy before they fhould get to Pifca- taqua. All which intentions were very acceptable to the 260 '■'■ Brigaiitijie, — afmall, flat, open, point in the bend of the Kennebec op- light veffel, going both with fails and pofite to the mouth of Sandy river, oars, either for fighting or for giving where was the ancient feat of the Cani- chafe." — Bailey. bus Indians. [Williamfon's Htjl. Me. i : 261 Norridgevjock (^Narantfotia{) is a 467; Father Druillettes's Journal, 2i^o.~\ 16 121 [96] Forces that were to undertake it, who rejoycing, faid, They had rather go home by Land than by Water, pro- vided their Commander went with them: (who to try their fideHty) faid, He was grown Ancient, and might fail them; They all faid they would not leave him, and when he could not Travel any further, they would carry him. Having done what Service they could at and about the Mouth of St. Johns's, River, Refolved on their intended delign; and the next Morning having but little Wind, came all to Sail, the Wind coming againft them they put into Mu/JiquaJJt Cove,^*^^ and the next day the Wind ftill being againft them, the Major with part of his Forces Landed, and imployed themfelves in ranging the Country for the Enemy, but to no purpofe; and in the Night the wind came pretty fair, and at 12 a Clock they came to Sail, and had not been out long before they fpy'd three Sail of Veflels; Expe6ling them to be French, fitted to defend themfelves, fo coming near, hail'd them : who found them to be a Man of War, the Province Galley, and old Mr. Alden^^^ in a Sloop, with more Forces, Col. Hathrojie^^"^ Commander. Maj. Church went aboard the 262 ^\\QowW^\.o{ Riviere de Mechecaf- Deputy, 1683; Affiftant or Counfellor, cor, the fecond ftreani coming into the 1684-1712; Judge of Com. Pleas, 1692- bayW. of the St. John ; which Halibur- 1702; Judge of Supreme Court, 1702- ton's map names Mufquafli river, — 15 ; Commiffioner to Eaftern Indians, which would feem to be a tranflation and Commander, 1696; refigned his of found rather than of fenfe. place on the bench on account of deaf- 263 See note 133, ante. nefs, 1712; died 10 May, 1717, est. 76. 26^ Joh}i Hathorne (^Hathorn, Haw- He had five fons. [Savage's Gen. thorne) was fon of William, of Salem ; Dii^. ii : 377 ; Wafhburn's Judic. Hiji. born 4 Aug., 1641 ; freeman, 1677; il/a/S. 271.] [97] Commadore, where Col. Hathrone was, who gave him an account of his Commiilion & Orders, and read them to him. Then his Honour told Maj. Church, that there was a particular Order on board Capt. Soutkack'^^^ for him: which is as followeth. [97] Sir, Bofton, September. <^th. 1696. T T/y Majcjlics Ship Orford having lately furprized a -■- -*- French Shallop with twenty three of the Soldiers belonging to the Fort upo7i John'^ River in Nova-Scotia, together with Villeau their Captain, Providence feems to encourage the forming of an Expedition to attack that Fort, and to difrefi and remove the Enemy from that Pofl, which is the chief Scource fro7n whence the niofl of our difaflers do iffue, and alfo to favour with an opportuiiity for gaining out of their hands the Ordnance, Artillery and other Warlike Stores and Provifions lately fupp lied to them from France, for ere^ing a new Fort near the Rivers m.outh, whereby they will be greatly flrengthened, and the reducing of them ren- dred more difficult. I have therefore ordered a Detachment of two new Companies co7ififling of about an Hundred Men 265 Cyprian Southach was comman- rails, or otherwife, that people may not der of the Province gallej' ; was with be in danger." Valley acre was the hill Church in his laft Eaftern Expedition, juft eaft of Beacon hill, occupying the 1704; and went to Canada in 1714 on fpace, nearly, of what is now Pember- the Stoddard and Williams Expedition ; ton Squai-e. Capt. Southack's hill lived on Tremont Street, which then probably adjoined his houfe, which embraced only that portion now in- feems to have ftood not far from the eluded between School and Howard prefent fite of the Albion. [Drake's Streets; 19 0(5l., 1733, was warned to Hijl. Bojl. i: 529, 539, 593; N. E. secure "his hill near Valley acre, by HiJl. and Gen. Reg. v: 39.] 123 [97] to joyn the Forces now with you for that Expedition^ and have commij/ionated Lieut. Colonel John Hathorne, 07ie of the Members of His Majeflies Council, who is acqtiaiiited with that River, and in whofe courage and condzt^ I repofe fpecial Triifl, to take the chief command of the whole during that Service, being well affured that your good affe^ions and zeal for His Majeflies Service will induce your ready com- pliance and afjifiance thereijt, which I hope will take up no long time, and be of great benefit and advantage to thefe Hts Majefiies Territories if it pleafe God to fucceed the fame. Befides its very probable to be the farefi opporttmity that can be offered unto your felf and Men, of doing Executio7i upon the Indian Enem^y and Rebels, who may reafonably be ex- pelled to be drawn to the defence of that Fort. I have alfo ordered His Majeflies Ship Arundel, and the Province- Gal ly to attend this Service. Colonel Flathorne will communicate unto you the contents of his Commifjfion and InflruBions received from, my felf for this Expedition, which I expeH and order that your felf. Officers and Souldiers now under yoti yield obedience unto. He is to advife with your felf and others in all weighty attempts. Praying for a Bleffi7ig from Heaveit upon the faid Enterprize, and that all engaged in the fame may be under the fpecial ProteSIion of the Abnighty. I am your Loving Friend, Wm. STOUGHTON. The Major having read his laft Orders, and confidering his Commiffion, found that he was oblig'd to attend, All 124 [98] Orders, &c. was much concern'd that he and his 'were prevented in their intended projection, if carryed back to St. yohn\. Then dilcourfing with Col. Hathorne, gave him an account of what they had done at St. yokii's, viz. That as to the demoHfhing the New Fort they had done it, and got all their great Guns and Stores aboard their Veffels; and that if it had not been that the waters were fo low would have taken the Fort up the River alfo before he came away. Told him alfo that one of the Prifoners which he had taken at St. yohn^s, upon examination con- cerning the Indians in thofe parts, told him, it was as hard for Vilboon their Governour to get one of their Indians down to the water fide, as to carry one of thofe great Guns upon his back: and that they had an account of him and his Forces coming to thofe parts by a Prifoner out of Bq/lon Goal. Alfo [98] told his Honour, That if they went back it would wholly difappoint them of their doing any further Service, which was that they came for to Penobfcot, and Places Adjacent; but all was to no purpofe his Honour telling the Major that he muft attend his Or- ders then received. And to incourage the Officers and Souldiers, told them. They fhould be wholly at the Majors Ordering & Command in the whole a6lion: (and to be fhort did go back) and the event may be feen in Col. Hathron^^ Journal of the faid a6lion.^^*^ Only I mufl ob- 2 Church reaches Portsmouth . . . 47 T. 9 » ?? ,, Receives Major Pike's In- structions 48 — H Church sailed for Pejepscot, and marched to Androscoggin 50 ^. 14 Sept. ii Church took the fort 51 — 59 ,, Went to Maquait . . . 56 W. 17 Sept. 55 ,, Reached Saco — 55 ,, Chased the Indians . . SI s. 20 Sept. 55 ,, Bivouacked at Purpooduck 60 M. 22 „ 55 ,, Came to " Cape Neddicke" 64 T. 23 yy 55 „ Sent scout to Saco . 64 F. 26 „ 55 ,, Got back to Portsmouth . 6=; S. 55 ,, Sailed for Boston in the sloop Mary 66 — -oa. 55 ,, Lodged at Captain Alden's 67 T. ~ M 55 55 ,, Borrowed 40s. of Brayton . ,, Rode home on a borrowed horse 68 186 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. Th. 27 Nov. 1690 Church wrote to some Eastern gen- tlemen 69 M. 29 June 1691 The Eastern gentlemen replied 79 1692 Church, on request of Major Wal- ley, from Governor Phips, goes to Boston to consult about the Third Eastern Expedition . . 83 M. 25 >iy — Church receives Phips's commission 83 — — ,, Raises volunteers. . . 84 — -Aug. — ,, Embarks for Pemaquid ^S — — ,, Works on the fort there S6 Th. II Aug. — ,, Is commissioned for Penob- scot, &c 87 — ,, Ranged those regions, de- stroying corn, &c. . . 89-90 — ,, Returned to Pemaquid . 90 ,, Has more orders for the Ke7tnebec 90 ,, Had a fight, and burned Tecotinet Fort. . . . 9^ ,, Returned to Pemaquid . „ Came back to Boston and — 92 Bristol 92 1696 ,, Is at Boston as Deputy from Bristol 93 5> ,, Is persuaded to go East on a Third Expedition . 93 55 ,, Raises volunteers . . . 93 M. 3 Aug. J5 ,, Is commissioned by Lieu- tenant Governor Stoughton . . 94 W. 12 „ i^ Church receives his instructions 96 s. 15 ,. 5? ,, Sailed for Portsmouth . . 99 s. 22 „ M 55 55 55 York .... 100 V „ „ „ Monhegan . . lOI - Sept. 55 „ (in boats) went up the Pe- nobscot Bay .... ,, Had a skirmish, and took captives lOI 55 103-7 ^_^ 55 ,, Back to the ships 108 187 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. 1696 Church sailed for Beau Basin 1 09 55 „ Thence to St. John . . . 116 ~ 55 ,, On their way home from thence interrupted and super- seded by Colonel Hathorne . . 123 55 Church home again 127 I Feb. 170I ,, Waited on Governor Dud- ley to offer his sei"vices against the Indians and French, being moved thereto by late shocking outrages 130 s. 5 M 55 55 Church writes Governor Dudley his ideas on the best way of car- rying on another expedition . Church goes to work to fit out the Fifth Expedition 131-135 136 s. 1 8 March 55 Church receives Dudley's commis- sion 136 ~ ji 55 Church raises volunteers in all the towns of the three counties of the Old Colony 137 — 1704 Church marches his troops to Nan- tasket 138 Th. 4 May 55 ,, Receives his instructions . 141 — 55 ,, Went by land to Ports- mouth H5 — 55 ,, Raises another company there 145 — 55 ,, Moves to Matinicus 146 w. 7 June 55 „ Takes prisoners who give him information . . 146 ~ ~ 55 55 ,, Went up the river, had a fight, and took prisoners, some of whom were knocked on the head 150-157 — ~ 55 55 Church failed to take Ckartier 160 — ~ 55 55 „ Burned the Indians' fish . 161 ~ 55 55 ,, Returned, went on board the transports, and sailed for Port Royal and Les Mmes 162 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. T. 20 June 1704 Church reached Les Mines, and summoned its surrender . . . 163-5 W. 21 „ 5? Church burned die town, and took many prisoners 166-8 Th. 22 „ 55 Church dug down their dams, and spoiled their crops ; and at night captured Pigigtiit 168-169 F. 23 '» 55 Church took Cobeguit, &c. . . . 173 — "~ 11 55 ,, Sailed for Port Royal . . 173 T. 4 July 55 ,, Had a council of war at Port Royal .... 174-175 — ~ 55 55 ,, Went up to Beau Basin, which they spoiled again 175 — 55 ,, Sailed for Passamaquoddy 176 — 55 ,, Took Du Bois's wife pris- oner 177 — 55 55 „ Sailed for Mount Desert, and so to Casco, and home . The Govei'nor, Council, and House of Representatives clear Colonel Church of all imputations of mis- conduct, and give him thanks for his good service done .... 178-180 181 189 INDEX. f INDEX. The Roman numerals refer to pages in the Introdudlion. The Arabic figures refer to pages in the " History," the numbering in all cases being found at the bottom of each successive page. The names of Indians are in italics. Adams, Rev. William, of Dedham, xiv. ; Nathaniel, 77 note. Addington, Ifaac, notice of, 11 jwte. Alden, Capt. John, a naval commander, 66 7iote, 67 note, 74; mention of him, no, 120; William, 107. Alexander, or IVamJtitta, fon o{ Majfa- foit, fucceeds his father, xx. ; brought to Plymouth, xxi. ; not ill treated there, xxii.; the facfts ftated, ibid.; dies, ibid. Alger, Andrew, killed, 27 note. Allen, Rev. James, of Bofton, xiii. Allyn, Samuel, of Barnftable, 42. Amos, Capt., commands an Indian com- pany, 7 note. Andrews, Elillia, 29 Mo!e, 64 note, 74; James, 64 note ; Samuel, ibid. Andros, Sir Edmund, his hiftory, i note ; fends for Capt. Church, i ; fent prif- oner to England, 32; date of this event, ibid. note. Androfcoggin, or Amcrafcogen, de- fcribed, 49 note. 25 Arnold, Rev. Samuel, of Marfhfield, xiii. Atherton, Rev. Hope, of Hatfield, xv. Auftin, Matthew, 73 note. B. Baker, Rev. Nicholas, of Scituate, xiv. ; Thomas, a prifoner to the Indians, efcapes, 58; notice of him, ibid. note. Barbarities of the Indians, 129. Barker, Lieut., killed atLes Mines, 16S. Barnard, Benjamin, 54 7iote. Baflett, William, 29 note. Belcher, Andrew, 1^0 note. Berry, Thomas, 27 note. Billingfgate Point, defcribed. 42 note. Bit, a filver coin, its value, 85 note. Black Point, where, 28 note; a fort there, ibid. Blue Point, where, 29 note. Boad, Henry, 107 note- Bourne, Rev. Richard, miffionary, xvii. Bowers, Rev. John, of Branfoi'd, xiv. Brackett, Anthony, 17 note; account of, 21 note ; Ihot hy the Indians, ibid., 193 INDEX. 27 note; his children, 21 note; An- tlionj, his fon, efcapes, 60; again mentioned, 104, 120. Bradford, William, deputy-governor, xxi. xxii. 40 7iotc. Bradftreet, Rev. Simon, of New Lon- don, xiv. ; Simon, governor of MafTa- chufetts, 3; his hiltorj, ibid Jiote ; fends for Church, 4. Bramhall, Mr., of Cafco, mortally "wounded, 27 note. Brayton, Stephen, of Portfmouth, R.I., a drover, 68 ; lends money to Church, ibid, ; Francis, ibid. Bridgway, or Bourgeois, Jarman, iii, 112, 113. Brimfmead, Rev. William, of Marlbor- ough, XV. Brock, Rev. John, of South Reading, xiv. Brown, John, captain in Church's Fifth Expedition, 13S, 175; notice of him, 13S 7iotc. Browne, Rev. Edmund, of Sudbury, xiv. ; Thomas, of Cafco, wounded, 27 note. Buckingham, Rev. Thomas, of Say- brook, xiv. Bulkley, Rev. Edward, of Concord, xiii. ; Rev. Gerlhom, of Wethersfield, xiv. Burton, Thomas, 27 note. Buttolph, Prifcilla, 10 note. Byfield, Nathaniel, of Briftol, 40 note, 69 note. Carter, Rev. Thomas, of Woburn,xiv. Cafco, in danger from Indians, 17 ; fight with Indians there, 23-26; arrange- ments made by Church for their fafe- t}', 30; he returns home, 31; Cafco taken by the Indians, and the inhabi- tants killed or carried away, 36; the dead remain unburied two years, 85 note; buried by Phips's foldiers, ibid. Caftin, Vincent de St., account of, 19 note; his lucrative trade with the Indians, ibid. ; violates the capitula- tion of Cafco, and deftroys the in- habitants, 36; commands an Indian force at the taking of Fort William Henry, Pemaquid, 98 note ; his daugh- ter and her children taken prifoncrs by Church, 150. Cawley, or Caule, Robert, of Pema- quid, 107; notice of him, ibid. note. Chartier. See Skarkee. Chauncey, Rev. Nathaniel, of Windlbr, xiii. Chubb, Pafco, furrenders Fort William Henry to the Indians, 98 note; is murdered at Andover, with his wife, ibid. Church, Capt. Benjamin, at Saconet, Little Compton, i ; is fent for by Gov. Andros, ibid. ; arrives in Bof- ton, 2 ; the Governor propofes an Eaftern expedition, 3 ; Church de- clines the undertaking, ibid.; is fent for by Gov. Bradftreet after the over- throw of Andros, 4; comes to Bof- ton, ibid. ; undertakes an expedition againft the Indians " in the Eaftern Parts," ibid. ; goes to Rhode Iiland to obtain afliftance, and returns to Bofton, 5; his comm.iffion from the Council of War, 6 ; commiffion from the Prefident of Maine, 8; commif- fioned as Major by the Governor and Council of Maflachufetts Bay, 9; in- ftrudtions from the Commiflioners of the United Colonies, 11; his First Eastern Expedition, i6 ; arrives at Cafco, ibid. ; hears of Indians in the 194 INDEX. neighborhood, 17 ; orders given by him, 19 ; embarraffed by the bullets furniflied being too large, 22 ; his force attacked by a body of Indians, ibid. ; their repulfe, 26 ; he vifits the garrifons at Black Point, &c., 28; holds a council of war at Scarbor- ough, 29 tiote ; makes arrangements for the fecurity of the Eaftern fettle- ments, 30; returns home at the ap- proach of winter, 31 ; fpends three weeks in Bofton, 33; reprefents to the Governor and Council the ex- pofed condition of the Eaftern fettle- ments, 33-35 ; this reprefentation not attended to, 36 ; flender compenfation of Church, ibid.; his Second East- ern Expedition, 37 ; he comes again to Bofton, 38; the Council confult him in refpeft to the war, 39; his anfwer, 40; goes to Barnftable to fee Gov. Hinckley, ibid. ; raifes a force, and marches with it to Plymouth, 41 ; finds no preparation there, ibid.; commiffioned by the Council of War of Plymouth Colony for a fecond ex- pedition to Maine, 42 ; their inftruc- tions to him, 44-47 ; arrives at Pif- cataqua [Portfmouth], 47 ; receives inftru(5lions there from Major Pike, 48 ; fails for Pejepfcot, 50 note; lands at Maquoit in Freeport, ibid. ; re- leafes two Englilb captives, 51 ; takes the fort at Pejepfcot [Brunfwick], ibid. ; fpares an Indian captive, 55 ; kills others, ibid. ; returns to Maquoit, 56; fails to Winter Harbor [Saco], ibid. ; puts the Indians to flight, 57 ; difagreement between him and his captains, 59; arrives at Purpooduck, 60 ; encounters Indians there, 62 ; comes to Wells, 64; and to Portf- mouth, 65 ; fends home his foldiers. 66; fails for Bofton in floop Mary, ibid. ; deftitute of money, and gets none from the government, 67, 68; tries to borrow a fmall fum, and is refufed, 67; borrows forty ftiillings of a drover, 68 ; returns home, ibid. ; a lofer by his patriotic fervices, ibid. ; his letter to Wheelwright and oth- ers, refpedting the mifreprefentations which had been made of his condudl, and his confequent lofs of favor from the government, 69-76 ; ftate of things in Maine after Church's departure, 74 ; application to him from gentlemen at the eaftAvard for help againft the Indians, 79, 80; his anfwer, 81; his Third Eastern Expedition, 82 ; in- vited by Gov. Phips to accompany him in his expedition into Maine, 83 ; Church confents, and receives a com- miflion, ibid. ; is forced to borrow money in order to go, 84 ; arrives at Pemaquid, 85 ; is difinclined to have a fort built there, 86 ; is fent to fight the Indians on the Penobfcot, ibid. ; his inftrudtions from Phips, 87 ; ranges thofe parts, and deftroys the enemy's corn, 90; returns to Pema- quid, ibid. ; is ordered to the Kenne- bec, ibid. ; has a brufti there with the Indians, ibid. ; returns once more to Pemaquid, 92; returns to Bofton, and again deprived by the govern- ment of his juft dues, ibid. ; is a deputy in the General Court from Briftol, 93; his Fourth Eastern Expedition, ibid.; raifes a volun- teer force, ibid. ; receives a commif- fion from Lieut. Gov. Stoughton, 94; his inftrudions to Church, 96, 97; fails for Pifcataqua, 99 ; lands at York, 100; proceeds to Saco, ibid.; arrives at Monhegan, loi ; afcends 195 INDEX. Penobfcot Bay and River as far as Old Town, 102, 103; returns to his veffels at the mouth of the river, 106; vifits Mount Defert and other places, but finds no enemy, 108 ; fails up the Bay of Fundy and lands at Beau Bafin, no; the enemy take to flight, in; Church takes feveral prifoners, 112, 113 ; penetrates into the country, and returns to Beau Bafin, 114; his difcourfe with the Acadians, 114, 115; reftrains his Indian followers from hurting them, 115; enters the river St. John, 116 ; fkirmilh with the French, 117; is fuperfeded by Col. Hathorne. 123 ; returns to Bofton, 127 ; his Fifth Eastern Expedi- tion, 128 ; he offers his fervices again to the government, 130; his plan for a campaign againft the Indians, 131- 135; his commiflion from Gov. Dud- ley, 136 ; raifes volunteers, 137 ; in this incurs heavy expenfe, not re-im- burfed, 138; requefts permiflion to attack Port Royal in Acadia, 139; is denied, 140, 141 ; his inftrutSlions from Gov. Dudley, 141-145 ; proceeds on the expedition, 146; takes prifoners and obtains information from them, 147-149; takes Caftin's daughter at Penobfcot, 150; fcours the coaft as far as Paflamaquoddy, 150, 151 ; writes to Dudley a hiftory of his proceedings, 151-159; hisa6tions at PalTamaquod- dy, 152 ; is greatly difpleafed with a party of his own foldiers, and why, 156; a bufy night, 157; embarks for Les Mines, 162 ; demands the fur- render of that town, 163 ; the docu- ment inferted, 163-165 ; takes pof- feffion of the town, 166; makes a " temperance movement," 167 ; burns the town, 16S ; takes many prifoners. 169; fends a threatening meffage to Port Royal and Qiiebec, with good refults, 170; his conference with the prifoners taken at Mines, 171; tells them of Deerfield, and threatens re- taliation, 172; the prifoners greatly frightened, ibid. ; he fails for Port Royal, 173 ; a council of war dilfuade from an attack on that place, 175 ; the document given, ibid.; takes polTeflion of Chigne6lo, or Beau Bafin, after a fkirmilh, 176; returns to Pafi'ama- quoddy, ibid. ; receives information that the Indians had gone to Nor- ridgewock, 177 ; fails to Mount Defert, 1 78; to Cafco, and returns to Boft:on, iSo ; receives thanks, but no pay, x8o, iSi. See Chronological Table, at the clofe of the volume. Church, Caleb, of Watertown, brother of Benjamin, 68; notice of him, ibid, note; his children, ibid.; Conrtant, captain in the Fifth Eaftern Expedi- tion, 139, 146, 175; Edward, captain in the fame expedition, 139, 167, 175. Clark, Thaddeus, of Falmouth, 25 note, 29 vote ; killed by Indians, ibid. ; his family, ibid. ; Walter, governor of Rhode Illand. notices of him, 5 tiote ; his family, ibid. ; Ifaac, ibid. ; Wil- liam, captain, notice of him, 140 fiote. Cobbet, Rev. Thomas, of Ipfwich, xiii. Cole, James, captain in the Fifth Eaft- ern Expedition, 139, 153, 175. Collins, Rev. Nathaniel, of Middletown, XV. Connedlicut, towns fettled therein, in 1675, X. Converfe, Capt. James, of Woburn, with Church, 60 ; notices of him, ibid. note; comes to Bofton with Church, 66 ; deftitute of money, 67. 196 INDEX. Cook, John, captain in Church's Fifth Eaftern Expedition, 139, 146, 167, 175. Cooke, Dr. Eliflia, 15 tiote. Cotton, Rev. John, of Plymouth, xiii. ; Rev. Seaborn, of Hampton, xiii. Cufhing, John, of Scituate, 40 note. Cutt, Richard, 76 note ; John, So note. D. Dane, Rev. Francis, of Andover, xiv. Danforth, Rev. Samuel, of Roxbury, xiii. ; Thomas, prefident of Maine, his commiffion to Church, 8 ; notices of him, 9 note. Daniel, Cajit., leader of an Indian com- pany, 7 note. Davis, Ambrofe, 2<)note ; Silvanus, no- tices of, 14 Jiote; his refidence, 18 fiote ; prefent at a council of war, 29 note. Deerfield deftroyed by the Indians, 12S, 129; this moves Church to undertake his Fifth Eaftern Expedition, 130; he threatens the French with limilar treatment, 164, 170. Deering, James, 21 note. Do7tey, half Frenchman, half Indian, 51 note, 57 note. Drake, Abraham, 21 note. Dudley, Jofeph, governor of Maffachu- fetts, his commiffion to Church, 136; notices of him, ibid, note ; his family, ibid. ; his inftruiflions to Church, 141- 145- Dummer, Rev. Shubael, of York, xv. Dyer, John, captain in Church's Fifth Expedition, 139, 175. E. Eafton, John, his account of a con- ference between Philip and the Eng- lifh, xxviii. Eaton, Daniel, 37 note. Ebens [Evans], Edward, 27 note. Eddy, Edee, fergeant, 160. Eliot, Rev. John, of Roxbury, xiii. xvii. ; Rev. Jofeph, of Guilford, xiv. Elliot, Robert, of Scarborough, 80 iiote. Elkins, Henry, 17 jiote. Emerfon, Rev. John, of Gloucefter, xiv. ; Rev. Jofeph, of Mendon, xv. Eftabrook, Rev. Joseph, of Concord, xiii. Expedition, Firft, 16. Second, 37. Third, 82. Fourth, 93. Fifth, 128. F. Fellows, William, 145. Fernald, William, of Kittery, furgeon, 80 note. Finney, Jeremiah, of Briftol, R.I., 70 note ; Jofiah, ibid. Fifke, Rev. John, of Chelmsford, xv. Rev. Mofes, of Qiiincy, xiv. Fitch, Rev. James, of Norwich, xv. Flint, Rev. Jofiah, of Dorchefter, xiii. Fobes, William, 85. Foxwell, Philip, 29 «£>/g; Richard, «^/r/. Freeman, John, of Eaftham, 40 note. Freeze, James, mortally wounded, 27 note. Frontenac, Count, his expedition against the Maquas or Iroquois, 104 note. Froft, Charles, Major, notice of, 77 note. Fryer, Nathaniel, of Portfmouth, N.H., 76 note. r G. Gallifon, ElilTia, 29 note. Gedney, Col. Bartholemew, commands . a force at York, 99; notices of him, ibid, note ; John, ibid. 197 INDEX. Gendall, Walter, 17 7ioie. Glover, Rev. Pelatiah, of Springfield, xiii. Goodwin, Ozias, 16 note. Gorham, Capt. John, fecond in com- mand under Church in his Fourth Expedition, 97; notice of him, ibid, tiote ; is fent hy Church to Winter Harbor [Saco], 100; fecond in com- mand under Church in his Fifth Ex- pedition, 138, 152, 162, 165, 173, 175. Gourdon, or Gourdan, a Frenchman, 148, i53> 155- Green, Samuel, dies of fmall-pox, 32 note. Gjles, John, fent with a flag of truce to demand the furrender of Les Mines in Nova Scotia, 163, 203. H. Hale, Rev. John, of Beverly, xv. Hall, Nathaniel, 10 note, 12, 27, 2g}iotc, 30 note. Hanford, Rev. Thomas, of Noi-walk, XV. Haraden, John, of Gloucefter, 145 note, 175; Edw^ard, ibid. Hathorne, Col. John, fuperfedes Church in the com.mand of the Fourth Eaftern Expedition, 123, 124. Harvkins, John, an Indian. See Katt- kaniagus. Hajnes, Rev. Jofeph, of Hartford, xiii. XV. Heard, Ann, of Cochecho [Dover], 54 note. Higginfon, Rev. John, of Salem, xiii. Hill, John, 30 note. Hilton, Edward, 146; Winthrop, major in Church's Fifth Eaftern Expedition, 146, 153. 162, 165, 173, 175. 1 98 Hinckley, Thomas, governor of Ply- mouth Colony, 6 ; notices of, ibid, note, 40 note. Hobart, Rev. Jeremiah, of Topsfield, xiv. ; Rev. Nehemiah, of Newton, xv. ; Rev. Peter, of Hingham, xiii. Holmes, Rev. John, of Duxbury, xiii. Homes, David, killed, 27 note. Hooke, Francis, of Kittery, 80 ; notices of, ibid., note. Hooker, Rev. Samuel, of P^armington, XV. Huckins, James, of Oyfter River [now Durham, N.H.], 54 7iote ; Robert, ibid. ; his wife intercedes for an In- dian captive, 54. Hunniwell, Richard, 30 note, 58 note ; notices of, 77 note ; " the Indian kill- er," ibid,; with Church at St. John, 120. Iberville, Lemoine d', a fkilful naval commander, his name ftrangely me- tamorphofed by Church, 105 ; founds a colony on the Mifliffippi, ibid. 7iote. Indians, their numbers in 1675, x. In- dians, Praying, their numbers in 1675, xvi. ; improved condition of the In- dians, xix. ; caufes of the Indian war, xxxi. ; Indians accompany Church in his expedition, 20; Indians attack Church at Cafco, 22 ; are repulfed, 26; take the fort at Pejepfcot Falls [Brunfwick], 39; evacuate it, 50; are put to flight at Saco, 57 ; and at Pur- pooduck, 63 ; kill feveral prifoners, 64; a(k for peace, 74; their treacher- ous condu(5l, 79 ; attacked by Church, and their fort at Taconick [Winllow] burned, 91, 106; fome are flain by INDEX. Church's foldiers on the Penobfcot, 103 ; Indian barbarities at Deerfield, 12S, 129. Ingeribll, George, 29 note. Inventory and equipments of a French fort, 117 note. Jacob, Richard, 10 note. Jacobs, Nicholas, of Hingham, 72 note. Jones, Rev. Eliphalet, of Stamford, xiv. Jordan, Dominicus, 28 note, 57 note; Rev. Robert, 28 note. Jofe, Richard, 17 7iote. K. Kankamagits, or John I/axvkins, a fachem of Pennacook, 53 note, 64. Keith, Rev. James, of Bridgewater, xv. Lafaure. See Lefevre. Lamb, Jolhua, captain in Churcli's Fifth Expedition, 139, 175. Lane, Edward, fon of Edward, of Bof- ton, 2 note\ his name changed to Paige, ibid. Larkin, captain with Church at St. John, 120. Lathrop, or Lotlirop, John, of Barnfta- ble, 41 ; his family, ibid, note ; Joieph, of Barnftable, notice of, 73 7iote ; his family, ibid. Lawrence, Robert, 29 note, 30 note. Lee, Abram, 17 iiote ; Efther, his wife, gives information concerning In- dians, 19; Samuel, minifter of Brif- tol, R.-I., his hiftory, 70 note. Lefevre, Lafebure, or Lafaure, a prifoner to Church in his Fifth Expedition, 147. Liglitfoot, a friend!}' Indian captain, 22. Little, Ifaac, of Marlbfield, 40 note. Littlefield, John, fon of Edmund of Wells, 73 note. Loffes fuflained by the colonics in Philip's War, xxxi. Loyall, Fort, in Falmouth, 17 note. M. Maine, progrefs of colonization in, in 1675, ix. Maflipee Indians furniflied foldiers in Church's expeditions, and in the Revolutionary War, 20 note. Martin, or Martj'n, Richard, notice of, 80 note. Mafon, Samuel, notice of, 15 note; John, killed, 27 note. MalTachufetts, progrefs of colonization therein, in 1675, ix. Maffachuletts Indians, number in 1675, X. Mather, Rev. Increafe, of Bofton, xiv. Maxwell, James, notice of, 39 note. Mayflower company, furvivors in 1675, xi. Mayhew, Rev. John, of Tifbury, xv; Experience, 7 7iote. Mitton, Michael, 21 note, 25 note, 64 note. Moody, Rev. Jolhua, of Portfmouth, xv. Myrick, or Mirick, Ifaac, captain in Church's Fifth Eaftern Expedition, 139' ^il^ 175- N. Narraganfetts, their number in 1675, x. New England, its condition in 1675, ix. xvii.; loffes by Pliilip's War, xxxi. 199 INDEX. New Hampfliire, progrefs of coloniza- tion in, in 1675, ix. Newman, Rev. Noah, of Rehoboth, xiv. Newton, Rev. Roger, of Milford, xiv. Nipmuk Indians, number in 1675, x. Niimfias, a friendly Indian in Church's Firft Expedition, 7 note^ 20 note-, 27, 37 note. O. Oakes, Rev. Urian, of Cambridsre, xiii. P. Paige, Nicholas, of Bofton, meets Col. Church in Braintree, 2; his hiftory, ibid. note. Paine, John, no. Palmer, Mr., of Cafco, wounded, 27 note; John, 29 72ote. Palfgrave, John, 81 note. Parker, Rev. Thomas, of Newbury, xiii. Pautucket Indians, number in 1675, x. Pemaquid, extent of application of the word, 85 7iote ; Church, as fecond in command to Gov. Pliips, arrives there, 85 ; defcription of the fort built there by Phips [Fort William Henry], 86 note ; the fort taken by the enemy four years after, 98. Pepperell, William, notice of, 143 note. Pequots, their numbers in 1675, x. Perkins, Rev. William, of Topsfield, xiv. Philif, or Pontctacom, the Indian chief, accufed of plotting againft the Eng- lifh, xxiii. ; goes to Plymouth, xxiv. ; mifconceptions of his charadter and plans, XXV. ; had not been ill-treated by the Englifh, ibid. ; extravagantly overrated, xxvi. ; Dr. Palfrey's ac- count of him more juft, ibid.; no proof of any extenfive plot of his, ibid. ; reported conference between him and the Englifh, xxviii. Phillips, Rev. Samuel, of Rowley, xiv. Phips, Sir William, his eventful hiftory, 82 note ; invites Church to accompany him on his Eaftern Expedition, 83; gives him a commiffion, ibid. ; con- ftruc5ts a ftrong fort at Pemaquid [Fort William Henry], 86 note; re- turns to Bofton, 91 ; his wife figns a difcharge for a lady accufed of witch- craft, ibid. note. Pike, Robert, Major, of Salifbury, raifes foldiers for Church, 48; his inftruc- tions to Church, 4S-50 ; notice of him, 48 note ; letter of Church to him, re- fpedting reports circulated to Church's difadvantage, 77. Pitkin, William, account of, 15 note, 49 note. Plaifted, Ichabod, (y(>. Plymouth Colony, its flow progrefs in wealth and population, xviii. ; pays the debt incurred in Philip's War, xxxi. ; engages in the war with the Eaftern Indians, 6 ; its commifllon to Church, 6, 42 ; fchedule of the number of foldiers required of each town in 1689, ^ note; a fimilar fchedule in 1690, 43 note; debt in- curred by the Colony for the Eaftern war, ibid. Pokanokets, number in 1675, x. Pollard, William, an inn-keeper in Bof- ton, 38 note. Portfmouth, Church arrives there, 47 ; fmall-pox there, 65 ; Church there again, ibid. ; its name changed from Strawberry Bank, 66 note. Prince, Samuel, 7 note. Prout, Timothy, 31 note. INDEX. R. Ramfdell, Jofeph, of Lynn, flain by Indians, 63 note. Rejner, Rev. John, of Dover, xiii. Rhode Idand, progrefs of colonization in 1675, X. ; its condition at that time, xvii. Rogers, George, 145, 146, 175. Row, Giles, killed, 27 note. Rowlandlbn, Rev. Jofeph, of Lancafter, XV. Ruffell, Rev. John, of Hadley, xv. S. Saffin, John, 15 note. Sajfamon, difclofes Philip's plot againft the Englilh, xxiii. ; murdered, xxiv. Scammon, Richard, 17 note; Anne, ibid. ; Humphrey, of Saco, 57 note. Scottow, Jofaua, 2^ note; Thomas, ibid.; notices of him, 31 note, 36. Sewall, Samuel, notices of him, 38 note. Sharkee, or Chartier, 148, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161. Shepard, Rev. Thomas, of Charleftown, xiii. Sherman, Rev. John, of Watertown, xiii. Shove, Rev. George, of Taunton, xiii. Small-pox in Bofton, 32, 37; in Portf- mouth, 65; on board .of fome of Church's tranfports, ibid.; fome of his men feek to deceive him in re- gard to it, ibid. Smith, Kev. John, of Sandwich, xiii.; Thomas, commander of the frigate Jerfey, 145, 146, 175. Southack, Cyprian, commander of the Province galley, 123 note, 143, 162, 175- 26 201 Southworth, William, a lieutenant in Church's Firft Expedition, 27 ; ac- count of him, ibid, note; cholen by the Indians their captain, 37 note. Sparrow, Jonathan, of Eaftham, jpnote. Sprague, William, of Hingham, 68 note. Spurwink, where, 28 note. Stoddard, Rev. Solomon, of North- ampton, XV. Story, Jofeph, 73, 76. Stoughton, William, Lieut. Gov., his commiffion to Church, 94; notice of him, ibid, note ; his letter to Church, transferring the command to Col. Hathorne, 123, 124. Street, Rev. Nicholas, of New Haven, xiv. Swain, Jeremiah, notice of, 13 note. Swarton, John, from the ifland of Jer- fey, 23 ; killed by Indians at Cafco, ibid, note ; Hannah, taken by Indians, ibid.; Jolhua and Joanna, ibid.; Mary, ibid. T. Thacher, Rev. Thomas, of Bofton, xv. ; John, of Yarmouth, 40 note. Thaxter, Thomas, 27 note. Thomas, Nathaniel, notices of, 72 note ; his family, ibid. Thorpe, Robert, of York. 107 7iote. Tolman, Peter, of Newport, 68 note. Torrey, Rev. Samuel, of Weymoutli, xiii. Trading -houfes, or truck- houfes. Church's opinion of them, 134. Treat, Rev. Samuel, of Eaftham, xiv. Tyng, Edward, 25 note, 136 note. V. Vaughan, William, of Portfmouth, N. H., jS note ; his family, ibid.; he and INDEX. others apply to Church for help againft the Indians, 79; George, 81 note. Villebon, Chevalier, 1x4 note. W. Wakeman, Rev. Samuel, of Fairfield, xiv. Waldron, or Walderne, Major Richard, 17 note; his children, ibid.; Efther, his daughter, a captive to the Indians, ibid. Walker, Rev. Zechariah, of Woodburj, XV. Wallej, Major John, 10 note, 15 note, 37, 40 note ; is defired by Gov. Phips to fpeak to Church about going again to Maine, 83 ; Rev. Thomas, of Barn- ftable, xiv. 42 note. Walton, Shadrach, colonel and judge, 51 note; his family, ibid.; George, ibid. ; Benjamin, ibid. Ward, Rev. John, of Haverhill, xiv. Waterhoufe, Richard, 81 7iote. Wells, Rev. Thomas, of Amefbury, xv. Whale-boats, much ufed in Church's Fifth Expedition, 131, 139, 147, 150, 151, 159, 169, 171, 177; explanation of their fpecial value in fuch an affair, 171 7iote. Wheelwright, Rev. John, of Salifbury, xiv.; John, Efquire, of Wells, 73 note, 75 ; letter addrelTed to him by Church, 69-76. Whiting, Rev. Samuel, of Lynn, xiii. ; Rev. Samuel, of Billerica, xv. Whitman, Rev. Zechariah, of Hull, xiv. Wigglefworth, Rev. Michael, of Maiden, ibid. Willard, Rev. Samuel, xv. ; Simon, notices of, 10 note, 29 jtote. William Henry, fort at Pemaquid, de- fcribed, 86 note ; taken by the French and Indians, 98 note. Williams, Eunice, wife of Rev. John, of Deerfield, flain by Inditins, 12S. Williamfon, Capt. Caleb, 139, 175; notice of, 139. Wilfon, Rev. John, of Medfield, xiv. Wincol, John, of Kittery, 80 note. Winflow, Jofiah, brings Alexander, the Indian fachem, to Plymouth, xxi. Winter, John, notice of, 56 note. Winter Harbor, 56 7tote. Witchcraft delufion, 91 note. Witherell, Rev. William, of Scituate, xiv. Withington, Mary, 9 7tote. Woodbridge, Rev. Benjamin, of Wind- for, XV.; Vioxo^hy ,l(y 7iote ; Rev. John, of Killingworth, xv. Woodman, John, of Little Compton, 84. Woro7iibos, an Indian fachem, 53, 64. Y. York, Jofeph, pilots Church up the Penobfcot, 102, 105, 106. NOTE. My attention has been kindly called, by the Rev. J. A. Vinton, — who has prepared the foregoing Index, — to sundry statements in note 323 (p. 163), concerning the Gyleses, father and son, which he conceives to be inaccurate. Those statements were made upon the testimony of Sewall, who expressly refers, in regard to some of them, to an incom- plete MSS. narrative of the Rev. Mr. Vinton, of the date of 1853, and who was therefore supposed to have, in this case, special authority. In order to place the reader in possession of all the facts, however, I gladly append here the following, prepared by Mr. Vinton, — con- taining facts subsequently brought to light, — which note, if it had not been too late, would have been substituted for the note referred to. H. M. D. John Gyles (p. 163 antc^, born in what is now the town of Topsham, Me., about the year 167S, was son of Thomas Gyles (who, after a residence of some years on Merrymeeting Bay, where the Androscoggin joins the Kennebec, went to England to attend to some family matters, then returned to New England, and purchased a large farm at Pemaquid, where he was Chief-Justice, under the ducal govern- ment, of the County of Cornwall, and was killed by the Indians, Aug. 2, 1689) ; was carried off by the Indians, after his father's death, to their savage haunts on the upper waters of the river St. John, in the present province of New Brunswick. After severe sufferings among them during six years, he was purchased by a French gentleman residing on that river, who treated him kindly, and who, three years afterward, permitted him to return to his friends at Boston. He served the Gov- ernment of Massachusetts thirty-eight years, with some interruptions, as inter- preter in their transactions with the Indians, and as commander of several mili- tary posts on the frontiers ; was a man of great courage, and of stern, unbending integrity; retired from the military service in 1737, and took up his residence in Roxbury, near Boston, where he died in 1755, aged 77. In 1736, he printed a narrative of his adventures, which is still extant. [Vinton's Giles Memorial, pp. 103-111, 122-129.] 203 t 907 ^. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 043 253 2 %