library of §mpt^$. I'NITEI) s'lATE.S OF AMERICA. 1 Erie Eailway. -^g^g^^'^J:'^ :-2^- TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO. 229 Broadway, New York. M JosiAH Hedden. Isaiah C. Babcoc, Locke W. Winchester. Robert M. Heddek, HEDDEN, WINCHESTER & CO., BANKERS & BROKERS, 69 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. STOCKS, BONDS, GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, and GOLD Bought and Sold on Commission. REFERENCES: H. H. VAN DYCK, Assistant Treasurer, United States. JOHN J. CISCO. WM. H. ASPINWALL. HENRY A. SMYTHE. GARDNER G. ROWLAND. PAUL SPOFFORD. JOHN McB. DAVIDSON. P. HARMONY'S NEPHEWS & CO. . ' L. MAILLARD & CO. HENRY WELLS, President American Express Co. WM. B. DINSMORE, President Adams Express Co. A. H. BARNEY, President United States Express Co. JOHNSTON LIVINGSTON, President National Express Co. JOHN BUTTERFIELD, American Express Co. EDWARD H. ARTHUR, President Union National Bank. EDWARD HAIGHT, President National Bank of the Commonwealth. GUARDIAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., OF NEW YOBK.v ASSETS, nearly ANNUAL. INCOME, $1,000,000 $600,000 Home Office, No. 102 Broadtvay, Hon. JOHN A. DIX, - Hon. JAMES HARPER, JOHN J. CRANE, - WM. T. HOOKER, - WM. M. VERMILYE, CHAS. G. ROCKVVOOD, Hon. GEO. OPDYKE, MINOT C. MORGAN, THOMAS RIGNEY, - BENJ. B. SHERMAN, AARON ARNOLD, - CHAS. J COGGILL, E. V. HAUGHVVOUT, WM. WILKENS, . - JULIUS H. PRATT, WM. W. WRIGHT, - CHAS. J. STARR, - WILLIAM ALLEN, - GEO. W. CUYLER, - GEO. T. HOPE, - - JOHN H. SHERWOOD, WALTON H. PECKHAM EDWARD H. WRIGHT, GEORGE W. FARLEE, WM. L. COGSWELL, - New York. Firm Harper &. Brothers, Ex-Mayor New York. President Bank Republic. Wall Street. Banker, (Vermilye & Co.) Cashier Newark'Banking Co. Ex-Mayor of New York. Banker. Firm Thos. Rigney & Co. Treasurer N. Y. Steam Sugar Refining Co. Firm of Arnold, Constable &. Co. Merch ant- Firm E. V. Haughwout &. Co. Firm W. Wilkens &, Co. Merchant. Merchant. Merchant. Merchant. Banker, Palmyra, N. Y. President Continental Fire Insuranoe Company. Park Place. Cor. 5th Avenue and 23d Street. Newark, N. J. Counsellor. Merchant. ALL FORMS OF POLICIES ISSUED. A loan of one-third of each annual payment granted if required. ALL POLICIES NON-FORFEITABLE. Dividends declared and paid ANNUALLY after the third year. WALTON H. PECKHAM, President. HENEY V. GAHAGAN, Sec'y. LUCIUS McADAM, Actuary. W. E. VERMILYE, M.D., Medical Examiner. G- E :]sr E :e=l ^^ Xj BENJ. F. WATSON, Metropolitan District, ENEAS SMITH, General Agent, M. O WAGGONER, for Ohio and Michigan, iOHN ALLINGTON. for Indiana and Ilhnois, ). J. BLANKE. for Missouri, ABRAHAM WILLIAMS, for Iowa, JAS. R. GARNISS, forCalitomia, D. T. MACFARLAN, General Agent, - I02 Broaaway. - Philadelphia. Norwalk, O. Indianapohs. St Louis. Dubuque. San Francisco. I02 Broadway. THE Life Insurance Company GRANT EVERY FORM OF POLICY UPON THE LOWEST COMPENSATING TERMS. The Company is mutual. The profits are divided annually. The losses are paid immediately. The policies are, 3/ i/ieir terms, n on- forfeitable. The policies are, by tlieir terms, incontestible. The insured need no extra permit to visit Europe or California, and the State of New York Guarantee the Payment of their Policies. OFFICERS: ROBERT H. PRUYN, .... President. JAMES HENDRICK, . . . Vice President LOUIS B. SMITH, Secretary. HOME OFFICE, ALBANY, N. Y. New York City Office, 139 Broadway, A. Ferguson, Agent Utica " W.B.Taylor, ' Buffalo " .. .177 Main St., Messrs. Bull & Allen, Detroit " Arcade Building, W. Ambridge, Chicago " 66 Clark Street, G D Beebe, Cincinnati " W.B.French, -; St. Louis " Chas. A. Wells & Henn' Ruckert, Leavenworth " Joseph Mainzer, DuBUQUK " G.J.Waggoner, Boston '• 74 Frankhn Street, ].'C Ciapp,' New Haven " Chapel & Orange Sts., W. C. Williams, Philadelphia, " ..169 S. Sixth St., Huntley & Tharratt, [Baltimore " 2 N. Eutaw Street. F. S. Marling, Blanks and Explanatory Circulars sent free to all parts of the United States, upon a2yplication. ^tnt Lift tcitiraci^t ©acnptny^ Of HAI\TFOI\^D, CONN. This old and reliable Company issued Over 14,000 JPolicies during the Year 1866, and received over THREE AND ONE-HALF MILLION DOLLARS INCOME. {_E xtract front th^ New York Independent^ " Among the substantial and enterprising institutions of Hartford, ConzL, the iEtna Life Insurance Company stands prominent." {E xtract from the Insurance Monitor^ "No Life Insurance Company ever achieved so complete a success as this popular institution. Its prosperity is altogether unprecedented in the annals of commercial enterprise in this country. The ^tna is a Company that can be thoroughly trusted. It is sound, prompt, and progressive." E. A. BuLKELEY, Pres t. Austin Dunham, Vice PresH. T. O. Enders, Sec'y. TIOKETS OF INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS ! Resulting in Loss of Life or Personal Injury, issued by the OF HARTFORD, CONN. PAiD-yE* OAPBTAL, - - « tSQ)4,ia@. JAMES G. BATTERSON, Pres. HENRY T. SPERRY, Sec TRAVELERS' RISK TICKETS, 10 cts. per day, Assziring $3,000 in case of Death, or $15 per week Compensation. GENERAL ACCIDENT OF TRAVEL TICKETS, 20 cts. per day, Assur'ing $5,000 in case of Death, or $25 periveck Co77ipensatio7t. The "Traveler's Risk," and " General Accident of Travel" Tickets are sold at Railroad and Steamboat Ticket Offices. DISCOUNT ON TICKETS FOR TWENTY AND THIRTY DAYS. REGISTERED SHORT TIME POLICIES OR TICKETS. 25 cts. per day, Securing $5 000 in the event of Death or $25 per week Indemnity during total Disabilitv, for 26 weeks, from any kind of Accident, without reference to the place or manner of occurrence. Sold by Local Insurance Agents. During the year ending May 31, 1867, this Company paid on Tickets, in cotnpensation or total tosses, $33, ISO S4, for which it received $1-17 70, Geo. B. Wright, Vice President. Justin Snow, Gen'l Ticket Agent C. D. Palmer," Gen'l Agent. 7,.^^' THE ERIE RAILWAY AND ITS BRANCHES. DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF THE CITIES, VILLAGES, STATIONS, AND OF SCENERY AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE. By H. F. walling. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS ^sri ;^i) Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Statei for the Southern District of New York. - 1867 : TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 229 BROADWAY, New York. HERRING'S PATENT CHAMPION 251 BI\OADWAY, NE^AT YOI\K. More than 30,000 Herring's Safes have been sold, and over SOO tested in accidental fires. Their recent great triumphs at the Portland Fire, Hurning of the Acadenit/ of Music, Harnutn's 3Tuscum,, etc , etc., have again and again demonstrated them to be the most reliable security from Fire ever manufactured. HERRING, FARREL & SHERMAN'S NEW PATENT BANKERS' SAFES. The only Safe made with the new metal, Spiegel Eisen, or Patent Crys- talized Iron — harder than the finest steel, and will cut glass like a diamond. Du'cllinf/-7iouse Safes for Silvei" Plate. Ladies' Jjwelry, Valuable Papers, etc.; Plain and Ornamental Sideboard Safes; Pailor Safes— made to imitate the richest styles of furniture ; Vault lioors ; Specie Chests. Secotni-liand Safes, etc., of other maUes taken in exchange for the '* Herring.'' HERRING, FARREL, & SHERMAN, N. Y. FARREL, HERRING- & CO., Philadelphia. HERRING & CO., Chicago. HERRING, FARREL & SHERMAN, New Orleans. ' CONTENTS STATIONS. PAGE Addison 33 Adrian 35 Alden 49 Alexander 62 Alfred 35 Allegany 39 Allendale 15 Almond 35 Andover 37 Attica 47 Avoca 55 Avon 57 Barton 29 Basket 23 Batavia 61 Bath 53 Belmont 37 Belvidere 37 Big Flats 33 Binghamton 27 Bloods 55 Boiling Spring .... 13 Buffalo 49 Burns 43 Caledonia 61 Callicoon 23 Cameron 35 Cameron Mills 35 Campbell 53 Campville 29 Canaseraga 43 Canisteo 35 Carrolton 39 Castile ., 45 Cattaraugus 41 Chemung , 30 Chester 19 Chictawauga 49 Cochecton 23 PAGE Conesus 57 Cooper s 53 Corning 33 Corning 53 Cuba 39 Cuba Summit... 39 Curtis 53 Dale 47 Darien 47 Dayton 41 Deposit 25 Dunkirk 41 Elmira 30 Erie Railway 7 Forestville 41 Friendship 37 Gainesville Station 45 Genesee Station 37 Goshen 19 Greenwood 16 Great Bend 27 Great Valley 41 Greycourt 17 Hale's Eddy 25 Hamilton's 57 Hampton 19 Hancock 25 Hankins 23 Henrietta 58 Hinsdale 39 Hohokus 15 Hooper 27 Hornellsville 35 Hornellsville 43 Howell's 19 Hunt's Hollow 43 Junction 31 Jersey City 13 Kanona 55 PAGE Kirkwood 27 Lackawaxen 23 Lancaster 49 Le Roy 61 Liberty 55 Linden 47 Little Valley 41 Livonia 57 Lovdville 23 Mast Hope 23 Middletown 19 Monroe 17 Narrowsburg 23 Nunda 43 Olean 39 Otisville 21 Owego 29 Oxford 17 Painted Post 33 Painted Post 53 Passaic 13 Paterson 13 Perrysburg 41 Pierinont • - . 15 Pond Eddy 21 Portage 43 Port Jervis 21 Ramapo 16 Ramsey's 15 Rathboneville 35 Ridgewood 15 PAGE Rochester 58 Rush 58 Salamanca 41 Savona 53 Scio 37 Scottsville 58 Sloatsburg 16 Shohola 21 Smithboro 29 Smith's Mills 41 Southfields 16 South Livonia 57 Springwater 55 Stairway Brook 21 Stafford 61 Stockport 23 Suffern 15 Summit 25 Susquehanna 25 Swainville 43 Tioga Centre 29 Tip Top Summit 35 Town Line 49 Turner's 16 Union 27 Wallace's 55 Warsaw 47 Waverly 29 Wayland . . 55 Wellsburg 30 MAPS. PAGE Addison to Andover 34 Andover to Cuba 36 Batavia to Lancaster and Attica. . .46 Bath to Conesu? 52 Binghamton to Owego 26 Conesus to Rochester . • • 56 Cuba to Little Valley 38 Elmira to Bath and Addison 32 Hancock to Binghamton 24 Hornellsville to Portageville 42 PAGE Lancaster to Buff, and Niag. Falls 48 Little Valley to Dunkirk 40 Narrowsburg to Hancock 22 New York to Paterson 12 Owego to Elmira 28 Paterson to Turner's 14 Portageville to Attica 44 Port Jervis to Narrowsburg 20 Rochester to Batavia 60 Turner's to Port Jems 18 The Erie Railway. HISTORY. This stupendous work is a grand monument to the enterprise, genius, and persevering industry of its ener- getic and indomitable originators and promoters. Extending from New York by a nearly direct general course to Lake Erie, one of the great chain of in- land seas which transport on their broad bosoms the commerce of a continent, it seems almost a miracle of engineer- ing achievement. It traverses sections of country where it was pronounced a mark of insanity to advocate such a pro- ject. It crosses mountain ridges and valleys deemed utterly impassable, and bridges wild ravines where bold engi- neers shook their heads in despair. The original charter was granted April, 1S32. The work was commenced in 1836, on a section extending ten miles west from Piermont ; also between De- laware and Callicoon creek, forty-one miles. During the financial revulsions which soon followed, the work was sus- pended for two years. In 1838 a loan of the State credit was obtained for $3,000,000, in instalments of {^300,000 each, on condition that equal sums should be raised by private subscrip- tion. Up to September, 1839, $300,000 h.id been collected and expended, and an equal amount of State bonds, bear- ing 4}^ per cent, interest, obtained, from the sale of which, however, only $245,225 was realized. In 1839 that portion of the road extending from Piermont to Goshen was all under con- tract, and in 1840 the Susquehanna division from Binghamton to Hornells- ville. In 1840 the terms of the State loan were modified so as to allow $100,000 of the same to be drawn for every $50,000 collected from stock- holders, and expended on the road. Jnder this arrangement the balance of the State loan was made available, and the work prosecuted upon the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Western divisions, in all about 300 miles. In September, 1841, the first section of the road, from Piermont to Goshen, was opened for public use. About this time the Company became again in- volved in financial embarrassments, which resulted in placing the road in the hands of assignees, under whose management it was extended to Mid- dletown, seven miles west of Goslien, on the 7th of June, 1843 ; after which the work was again suspended. The expenses up to February ist, 1844, were $4,736,949, a large portion of which was expended, however, in usurious interest, and in work on routes which were afterwards abandoned. At this time another vigorous effort was made to prosecute the work. The amount required to complete the road to Lake Erie was estimated at ;f7,ooo,ooo. In 184s the State agreed to release its claim, provided the road should be completed to Lake Erie in six years from that time. As a further induce- ment for additional subscriptions, the old stockholders agreed to surrender one-half their stock, provided $3,000,- 000 additional stock should be subscrib- ed for. This, with bonds for an equal amount, which were to take prece- dence of the State loan, was believed to be sufficient to complete the road. The subscription was obtained, and the company reorganized with a debt of only $1,361,616; liabilities to the amount of $3,807,671 having been re- moved. After some delays in establish- ing the route and getting permission from the State of Pennsylvania to pass through- a small portion of her territory ^for which privilege she receives the annual payment of $10,000), the work was vigorously prosecuted, and con- tinued without interruption till its com- pletion to Lake Erie. The several sections were opened at the following dates, viz., November 3d, 1846, from Middletown to Otis, eight miles ; January 6th, 1S48, to Port Jervis, thirteen miles; December, 1848, to Binghamton, one hundred and twenty- seven miles ; June ist, 1849, to Owego, twenty-two miles; October, 1849, to Elmira, thirty-six and a half miles ; January ist, 1850, to Coming, seven- teen miles ; September 3d, 1850, to Hornellsville, forty-one miles ; and on April 22d, 1851, the entire line to Dun- kirk, four hundred and forty-six miles from Piermont. BRANCHES AND LEASED EOADS. In i860 the Erie Company purchas- ed that portion of the Northwestern Division extending from Hornells- ville to Attica, and afterwards leased the Buffalo Division, including the branch from Avon to Rochester. The Newbiirgk Branch, extending from Graycourt Junction to Newburgh, on the Hudson, nineteen miles, was opened in 1850. It affords an outlet to tide-water at the latter point for im- mense quantities of anthracite coal, which is here transshipped to various ports of the United States. The Bos- ton, Hartford and Erie Railway, when completed, will terminate at Fishkill, opposite Newburgh, forming a connec- tion with Boston, the metropolis of New England ; passing through Hart- ford and numerous thriving manufac- turing villages, with a branch to Provi- dence. From these important cities railways radiate to every portion of New England and the British pro- vinces. The IVarvjick Valley Road, extend- ing southerly from Graycourt to War- wick, ten miles, is operated by the Company, but not leased. The Hawley Branch, extending from Lackawaxen Station to Hawley, fifteen miles, was constructed in 1862, at a cost of about $500,000, and a con- tract was entered into with the Penn- sylvania Coal Company for the trans- portation, annually, of a maximum amount of a million tons of coal from Hawley to Newburgh, Piermont, and Jersey City. The road was provided with engines and cars sufficient to meet the requirements of a coal traffic which amounted last year to about yoojooo tons. This branch supplies the eastern portion of the road and country adjacent with anthracite coal, and The Bradford Branch furnishes bi- tuminous coal to the western portion at moderate rates. The Buffalo, Brad- ford and Pittsburgh Railroad (Bradford Branch) connects at Carrolton, Catta- raugus Co., with the Erie Railway, and runs south, about twenty-eight miles, to the coal mines in McKean Co., Pa. It is leased to the Erie Railway Co. Bituminous coal is also brought to the road at Corning, from the Blossburgh mines. Between Piennont and New York, passengers and freight were conveyed by steamboat till 1853. On September loth, 1853, three railways, the Union, extending from Suffern to the State line, in New York, the Paterson a?id Rnma/)0, and the Paterson and Htidson River in New Jersey, were leased in perpetuity to the Erie Co., and by passing two miles over the New Jersey Railway the steamboat transportation ' to and from Pier- mont was avoided. Subsequently tlie Long Dock Company, of which the stock is principally owned by the Erie Railway Company, have constructed a tunnel and a railway, two and a half miles long, connect- ing their extensive dock and wharf improvements on the Hudson river, in Jersey City, opposite New York, with the Paterson and Hudson River Rail- way, by which the track of the com- pany is brought to the harbor of the great city directly opposite its busiest portion ; and ample depot and wharf accommodations are afforded for the immense and constantly increasing business of the road. GENERAL STATISTICS. The entire cost of the road up to 31st December, 1867, has been $48,- 507,544. There are 348 miles of double track on the main line, including sid- ings. The length of branches owned by the company is 165 miles. The rail weighs from fifty-six to seventy five pounds per yard. The Equip7ncnt of the Erie Rail- way, including Buffalo Division, con- sists of— Locomotive Engines and Ten- ders 371 Passenger Coaches 180 Emigrant, Baggage, and Caboose Cars 454 Box Freight, Cattle, Milk, and Oil Cars 3,023 Flat Freight Cars 1,332 Coal Cars 991 Wood Cars 25 Total Cars 6,005 The amount of travel for 1866 was equivalent to the carrying of 157,725,- 808 passengers, one mile each ; and the freight to carrying 478,485,772 tons, one mile. The rate of fare for through travel is about two and a quarter cents per mile, for way-travel about two and a half cents. The amount of stock is $25,111,210 ; funded debt, $22,429,920; accounts payable, $4,245,678. SCENERY, &c. The scenery along the route is emi- nently grand and imposing. After passing through the picturesque val- ley of the Passaic, in Northern New Jersey, and the rolling and verdure- clad pastures of Rockland and Orange counties, where some of the finest dai- lies in the world are found, the bold and rugged scener}' of the Delaware valley engages the attention of the traveler for the next one hundred miles, to Deposit Station. From here we cross the countt}-, surmounting a summit, to the Susquehanna valley. The valley of this beautiful river and its tributaries is then followed to Hor- nellsville, affording interesting and pic- turesque views of scener}% more par- ticularly mentioned in the descriptions of the different stations. From Hor- nells\-ille, on the main route, we again strike across the country, surmounting another summit, to the Alleghany Riv- er, at Olean, and follow its valley to Salamanca ; from thence up the wild and rugged one of a tributary stream, and over another summit, to the basin of Lake Erie, in descending the slope of which we catch occasional glimpses of that remarkable inland sea. Trav- elers upon this road, who are familiar with narrow-gauge railways, cannot fail to be favorably impressed with the su- perior comfort of its wide cars and their luxurious appointments. CONNECTIONS. The connections of this railway are important and extensive. At New- York, railways, steamboats, and sailing vessels diverge, not only to all parts of the country, but to every important port on the globe. Near the terminus in Jerse\' City is the wharf of the Cu- nard steamers to Liverpool, and a lit- tle above, in Hoboken, are those of the Bretmn and Hamburg^ {Germ?i\\) lines of steamships. For a full and particular account of the various rail- ways, steamboat lines, etc., which di- verge from New York, see the New 8 York City Guide, which accompanies this series. Besides the branches and leased roads, already mentioned, a line is now being constructed from Goshen to Monigo7nery, ten miles, and from 3Iiddletown to Union, fifteen miles. At Great Bend is tlie junction of the Delaware, Lackawanna and West- em Railway, which brings large quantities of coal from the Wyoming and Lackawanna regions for western markets. From Binghamton the Sy- racuse, Binghainton and Kew York Railway extends up the %^eys of the Chenango and Tioughnloga riv- ers, across the counties of Broome, Cortland, and Onondaga, and through the flourishing villages of Chenango Forks, Cortland, and Homer. The Albatiy a?id Binghainto7i Railway, now nearly completed, will pass up the Susquehanna valley, through por- tions of Broome, Chenango, Dela- ware and Otsego counties, to Scho- harie cotmt>', thence across the coun- try to Albany, opening an impor- tant region not before reached by railway, and affording connections with the East and North-east, via Al- bany and Troy. From Owego the Cayuga division of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railway extends to Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, affording communication by railway and steamboat with Tompkins, Cayu- ga and Seneca counties. At Elmira is the junction of the Northern Central Railway, extending southerly across the State of Pennsylvania, and through the towns of Williamsport, Sunbur}', and Harrisburgh, to Baltimore, Md. ; and northerly across the counties of Schuyler, Yates, and Ontario, to Ca- nandaigua, on the New York Central Railway, striking Seneca Lake at Watkins, and passing through Ha- vana and Penn Yan. The Buffalo and North-western divisions strike the A', y. Ce7itral at various points, but do not make close connections. From Coming, the Corning and Blossburgh Railway extends to the large and pro- ductive bituminous coal fields of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, affording them an outlet. At Salamanca is the junction of the Atla7itic and Great Western Railway, connecting with the Penn- sylvania oil regions, and extending di- agonally across the State of Ohio to Cincinnati. At Buffalo and Dunkirk connections are made by steamers with tJte great North-western States as far as the copper regions on Lake Superior, and by railway with the en- tire West afid South-west. The local business of the road and its immediate branches is large and rapidly increas- ing, while it forms besides a principal conduit for the commerce of the mighty West ^^ 13 LAiaHT STREET, New York, {Opposite 395 Canal Street). "THE GREATEST OF LUXURIES." "AS A PURIFIER UNEQUALLED." "THE MOST POWERFUL OF REMEDIAL AGENTS." Send or apply for the ''TURKISH BATH ADVOCATE. "-Free. Gentlemen, 6 to 8 A. M.. and i to 9 P. M. Hours : \ Ladies, 10 to 12 A. M. Sundav, Gent's, from 6 to 12 A. M. Parties can be accommodated with good Hygienic Board and Rooms at the Turkish Bath Institute. Also with ELECTRIC BATHS, SWEDISH MOVEMENT CURE. &a NEW YORK TO PATERSON. NEW YORK TO MOUNT VERNON- JERSEY CITY, Hudson Co., N. J. 1 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 459 This city is an important suburb, and virtually a part of New York, although within the boundaries of another State. A large portion of its population transact business in New Yorlc, but reside across the river simply because pleasant and readily accessible residences can here be ob- tained more easily than by seeking for them in uncrowded portions of Manhattan Island, now only to be reached by going some miles "up town." The Bergen tunnel is cut through Bergen Heights, the southern end of a remarkable ridge of land lying parallel to the Hudson river, and between it and the great salt marsh through which the Hackensack river flows into Newark Bay. The eastern side of this ridge is a line of precipi- tous clitfs called the Palisades, which, extending behind Jersey City and Hoboken, strike the Hudson river at Weehawken, and form its west bank for more than twenty miles, nearly to Piermont. This tunnel is nearly seven- eighths of a mile in length, and was completed in 1861. The arrangements and precautions for the prevention of accidents here are as perfect as human care and skill can make them. The tunnel is now being encased through- out with a solid arch of brickwork. Upon the height of land, a few rods north of the tunnel, is the resei-voir fiom which Jersey City is supplied with pure water. This is brought in pipes from the Passaic river, and is pumped into the reser\'oir by steam- power. About a mile beyond the tunnel a large oil refinery has recently been erected at a place called Pen Horn City, on the salt marsh near where the railway crosses Cromakill creek. Crossing the salt marsh and the Hackensack river, in which the tide ebbs and flows for some distance above, we come to BOILING SPRING, Uniony Hudson Co., N". J. 1 w. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 450 This station is in the township of Union, Bergen county. N. J., and is of little importance. Two miles further the railway crosses the Passaic, a beau- tiful fresh-water stream, flowing be- tween fine residences all the way to Newark, which fronts upon its right bank for more than two miles ; the river empties into Newark Bay two miles below Newark, affording an out- let for steamboat navigation between Newark and New York. PASSAIC, Acquacko7i07ick, Passaic Co, iV. % 1 2 m./r. iV. Y. Fr. Djinkirk, 448 This station is on the west bank of the Passaic river, and just above it are the mill sites, etc., of the Dundee Manufacturing Company, who have formed an extensive water-power here, by damming the river some two miles above, and leading the water to this place by a canal. PATERSON, Passaic Co., N. J. 1 7 nufr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 443 This city, one of the largeft in the State, is a beautiful and thriving place. It was founded in 1791, under the auspices of Alexander Hamilton, for the purpose ot carrying on the cotton manufacture. Although not immedi- ately successftal, the place has becomi PATERSON TO TURNER'S an important manufacturing city, hav- ing an immense water-power, and good facilities for communication with the great markets. Besides the Erie Rail- way, the Morris Canal passes through the city. There are more than twenty cotton factories here, three large loco- motive factories, besides various wool- en, paper, and other mills and factories. The celebrated Passaic Falls, within the limits of the city, present a pic- turesque appearance when the river is high enough to afford a surplus over the requirements of the mills. The scenery in the neighborhood of Pater- son is quite bold and romantic The route now changes from northwest to northeast, and again crossing the Passaic, we come to EIDGEWOOD, Franklhi, Bergen Co., N. y. 22 m./r. JV. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 438 This was formerly called Godwin- ville Station, from a village of that name two miles northwest. A new village has now grown up, to which the above name has been given. HOHOKTJS, Hohokiis, Bergen Co., JV. y. 24 nt./r. N: V. Fr. Dunkirk, 436 This station is near the crossing of Hohokus creek, in the southeastern part of the township of Hohokus. ALLENDALE, Hohokus, Bergen Co., N. % 26 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dzmkirk, 434 A small station, from which fruit, ber- ries, etc., are forwarded in their season, RAMSEY'S, Hohokus, Bergen Co., N. J. 28 m./r N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 432 A post-office village near the centre of the township of Hohokus, the last station in New Jersey. The country gradually becomes hilly as we approach the New York State Line, preparing us for the mountain scenery which we shall find after crossing it. SUFFERN, Ramapo, Rockiatid Co., N. Y. 32 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 428 At Suffern we reach the Erie Rail- way proper, having so far travelled over roads owned by other companies, and operated by the Erie Co. under a lease made in 1852, running 999 years. Before that time the route was from New York up the Hud- son river by steamboat to Piermont, and from thence by rail. The por- tion of the road extending from Pier- mont to Suffern is now used only for freight, with the exception of a small amount of local travel. SUFFERN TO PIERMONT. This portion of the railway is eighteen miles in length. The inter- mediate stations are Monsey, five miles from Suffern ; Spring Valley, seven miles ; Clarkestown, nine miles ; and Blauveltsville, thirteen miles. PIERMONT, Orangetown, Rockland Co., N. Y. 24 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 446 This place Is beautiflilly situated on the west bank of the Hudson, a little above the upper end of the Palisades, and on the lower end of the widening in the river known as I'appan Bay. The views in all directions, up, down, and across the river, and towards the Highlands in the rear, are veiy attrac- tive, and Piermont has become a popu- lar place of summer residence for many of the citizens of New York. Near Tarrytown, on the opposite side of the river, is the place where Andr^ was captured, and the place of his execu- tion was at Tappan, the village shown on the map a little south-west of Pier- mont. An immense pier, one mile in length, extends out into the river at the terminus of the railway, and large freight buildings occupy the end of the pier. The workshops and engine- houses of the company, in which over two hundred men are constantly em- ployed, are located on the mainland near the river. The company builds many locomotives, and most of its own cars, at this place and at Susquehanna. Returning to Suifem we resume the main route. The railway now passes through a deep valley, or gap, in the range of hills which cross this country in a southwesterly direction, extending from the Highlands of the Hudson across into New Jersey, where they form the Orange Mountain. A short distance beyond Suffern are the re- mains of a fortification thrown up in the revolutionary war to defend the pass from an anticipated advance of the British towards New York. RAMAPO, Ramapo, Rockland Co., N. V. 34 fn./r. N. V. Fr. Dtmkirk, 426 The Ramapo Manufacturing Co. here carry on an extensive car manu- factory, and the Ramapo Wheel and Foundry Co. have one of the largest manufactories of car-wheels in the coimtry. SLOATSBURG, Ramapo. Rockland Co., N. V. 36 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dtmkirk, 424 Named for Major Jacob Sloat, who owns the large twine-factories here. A very neat and pretty village. A stage leaves this station three times a week for Greenwood Lake, a fine sheet of water much frequented by those who enjoy good fishing. There is a good hotel on the lake, with all neces- sary conveniences for fishermen. A- few miles beyond Sloatsburg we pass the ruins of the Augusta Iron Works, which flourished in the time of the revolution. At these works the heavy iron cable was forged which was stretched across the Hudson to ob- struct the passage of the British fleet. Soon after leaving this station we cross the line of Rockland and pass into Orange county. SOUTHFIELDS, Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y. 42 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 418 Formerly called Monroe Iron Works, but the works have long been idle. GREENWOOD, Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y. 4 4 w«. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 416 A post village containing a blast- furnace and some fifteen or twenty houses. A little beyond this station a branch is being built to extend across to the Newburgh Branch, making a very direct route from New York to Newburgh on the Hudson. TURNER'S, Monroe, Ora7ige Co., N. Y, 47 tn./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 413 Formerly called Centreville, derives its name from the proprietor of a 14 popular hotel formerly kept nere. This is now superseded, however, by the " Orange Hotel," belonging to the railway company, which is kept on a scale of metropolitan grandeur, and IS said to be unsurpassed in furni- ture and appointments by the best New York hotels. It forms the rail- way station, and contains a- spacious dining-saloon for the especial use of railway travellers, where they are supplied with meals at the proper hours. MONROE, Moftroe, Orange Co., N. Y. 50 m.fr. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 410 A large quantity of milk comes to this depot for transportation to New York; and the reputation of Orange county milk is so good that the name is painted upon some of the New York milk-carts deriving their supplies from questionable sources much nearer home. The village is near the north- west line of the township of the same name. This township was formerly call- ed Cheesecocks, then Southfield ; and finally, in 1808, the present name was adopted. Population, in 1865, 4,722. The land in this region is better adapted for grazing than for cultivation, being made up of a suc- cession of ridges ranging north-east across the Hudson river, where it is called the *' Highlands," and south- west into New Jersey. OXFORD, Blooming Grove, Orange Co.. N. Y. ^Im.fr.N.Y. Fr. Dunkirk,- 408 A small but thriving village in the midst of rich pasture lands. GREYCOTJRT, Chester, Orange Co., N. Y. 54 m./r. N. Y, Fr. Dunkirk, 406 The Newburgh and Warwick branches unite with the main road at this point. The former is eighteen miles long, and affords a communica- tion to the Hudson river at Newburgh. It follows the valley of Murderer's creek, passing Craigville, Blooming Grove, Washington, Salisbury, and Vail's Gate stations. NEWBURGH is situated on a hill- side sloping to the Hudson. Popula- tion, in 1865, 17,389. It is a thriving place, and has important manufacto- ries, a large brewery, etc. A large portion of the coal mined in the Lacka- wanna anthracite coal region of Penn- sylvania, amounting to about 1,000,000 tons per annum, is sent here by the Pennsylvania Coal Co. for shipment. An old stone mansion in the south part of the village was Washington's headquarters in revolutionary times, and is now owned and kept in order at State expense. Many interesting relics and mementos are preserved here. The Warwick Irajich extends ten miles, passing East Chester, Sugar Loaf, Wickham Lake, and Stone Bridge stations to WARWICK, a thriving village in the centre of the township of that name. Population of the township, 5,077. Returning to Greycourt we soon cross the Greycourt Meadows, a curious peat- bog nearly a hundred feet in depth in some parts, so soft and yielding that it was found necessary to make a foun- dation for the railway by driving piles IS to prevent the earth embankment from being swallowed up as fast as deposited. The bones of a large mastodon were found in this bog some years ago. The soil is very fertile, having been reclaimed by draining, etc., and immense crops of onions are raised here. CHESTER, Chester, Orange Co., N. V. SSm./r. N. V. Fr. Dnnkirk, 415 This is the name of the township and of its central village. The rail- way runs through East Chester, and there is another village called West Chester; the three villages being arranged in a triangle about a mile apart. Greenwood Lake may be conveniently reached from this sta- tion. GOSHEN, Goshen. Ora7ige Co., N. Y. 60 m.fr. N. Y. "Fr. Dtmkirk, 400 An incorporated town of about 2,000 inhabitants, celebrated for the associa- tion of its name with the choicest butter which has been offered in the New York market. The dairies in this region are undoubtedly among the best and most skilfully managed in the country. Goshen has been much benefited by the location of the railroad through it, and its public buildings and stores exhibit good taste, as well as prosperity. A monument in the public square commemorates the massacre of a number of the former citizens of the town by Brandt, in 1779, at the ambuscade of Lackawaxen. A branch railway from Goshen to Mont- gpmerj', ten miles northerly, is now being constructed. HAMPTON, IVazvayafida, Orange Co., N. Y. 64 7n./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk. 396 The Wallkill river, upon the west bank of which Hampton is located, runs across Orange and Ulster coun- ties, and empties into the Hudson at Rondout. Its valley is chiefly made up of peat-bogs, called " drown- ed lands," large portions of which, however, are drained, and thus con- verted into some of the most fertile lands in the State. Bones of the mastodon are found in these bogs. Hampton has a large hotel, store- houses, a woolen mill, and some twenty-five or thirty dwellings. A little beyond this station is the junction of the Middletown, Union ville, and Water Gap Railway, now being con- structed as far as Unionville, about twelve miles in a direction parallel to the Wallkill river. MIDDLETOWN, Wallkill, Orange Co., N. Y. 67 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dnnkirk, 393 An important and rapidly growing manufacturing place, and the largest village in the county, except New- burgh. Among the articles manufac- tured are stoves and iron-ware, sash and blinds, files, agricultural imple- ments, etc. Directly in front of the station is the Ogden House, a well- kept and popular hotel. HOWELLS, Wallkill, Orange Co., N. Y. 71 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. D/o:kirk, 389 Howells Station is a small village near the west line of Wallkill township. Although the country becomes more rolling and hilly, the hills are generally cultivated to their summits. OTISVILLE, Mou7it Hope, Oratige Co., N. Y. 76 m.fr. N. v. Fr. Dunkirk, 384 This is the last of the milk-depots, and is on the eastern side of the Sha- wangunk Ridge,' one of the greatest obstacles which were overcome in building the Erie Railway. A long tunnel through the ridge was first pro- posed, but, after thorough examination, the present plan was adopted Passing through a long and heavy rock-cut, the summit is passed about two miles be- yond Otisville, and then the valley below is reached by gradually descend- ing the steep and rugged slope of the Shawangunk mountain, in a southerly direction, on a grade of about forty-five feet to a mile. The character of the scenery changes won- derfully after leaving Otisville. We pass alternately through gloomy cuts, and then over side-hill embankments, commanding magnificent views of the romantic valley of the Neversink, tra- versed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal, and dotted with farm-houses and villages. PORT JERVIS, Dcerpark, Orang-e Co., N. Y. 89 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 371 At the junction of the Neversink river with the Delaware, is the corner boundary between New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Port Jervis is a short distance north of this place, and is the terminal station of the eastern division of the railway. It is named after John B. Jervis, Esq., the skilful engineer of the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal. This canal is one of the great avenues by which the anthracite coal of Pennsylvania reaches tide-water, and it comes down the valley of the Neversink to the Delaware at this point. Port Jervis is a pleasant place of summer resort for people who are fond of beautiful scen- ery. Three miles beyond, we cross the Delaware river over a wooden bridge 8oo feet in length. For twenty-six miles after we shall be in the State of Penn- sylvania. The company pays to the Quaker State the annual sum of ten thousand dollars for the privilege of running their road on this side of the river, but are thereby exempted from further taxation. STAIRWAY BROOK, West/all, Pike Co., Pa. 97 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 363 POND EDDY, Shohola, Pike Co., Pa. 1 00 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk. 3 60 The name of a point in the river where a sudden bend forms a wide and deep basin. The road runs for a long distance along the steep and rugged bank of the Delaware, high up the side of the precipice. The view, though per- haps trying to the nerves of a timorous man, especially when flying along on the lightning express train, is grand and imposing. This portion of the road was extremely difficult and expensive to build, being cut in the solid rock. It was frequently necessary, in making the surveys, to lower the engineers and their assistants fi-om above, and, sus- pending them with ropes, to prevent them fi-om falling. Leaving the Dela- ware on the right, and crossing the Shohola creek, we reach SHOHOLA, Shohola, Pike Co., Pa. 107 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk. 353 Opposite to this station is the village NARROWSBURGH TO HANCOCK. of Barryville, in Sullivan county, New and one mile wide, here stretches along York, supported principally by the coal and lumber trade. LACKAWAXEN, Lacka-waxen, Pike Co., Pa. Ill 7}t. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 349 At the junction of Lackawaxen creek and the Delaware river. The Delaware and Hudson Canal comes down the valley of the Lackawaxen creek, and crosses the Delaware river in an aqueduct supported by a wire suspension bridge. There are two bridges for the railway over the Lackawaxen river and valley. The Hawley Branch here unites with the Erie Railway, bringing in the immense quantities of anthracite coal which are mined and forwarded by the Pennsyl- vania Coal Co. A double track ex- tends all the way from here to New York. MAST HOPE, Lackawaxen, Pike Co., Pa. 116 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dtiiikirk, 344 A small, unimportant station, two miles beyond which the railway re- crosses the Delaware over a wooden bridge about 6oo feet long. NARHOWSBTJRG, Tusten, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 122 m./r.JV. Y. Fr. Dimkirk, 338 So called from the narrow gorge through which the river passes at this place. A wooden bridge connects the two banks by a single span of 184 feet. A pretty village, and quite popular as a summer residence. COCHECTON, Cochectofi, Snllivan Co., N. Y. 131 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 329 A rich valley, about two miles long the river, abounding in orchards, grain fields, and meadows. On the other side of the river, in Pennsylvania, is the village of Damascus. In this locality is laid the scene of Cooper's novel, " The Last of the Mohicans." CALLICOON, Cochecton, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 136 m./r. N. Y. Fr Dunkirk, 324 Crossing Callicoon creek we come to the station of the same name, intro- ducing us to a wild and thinly settled region, of which leather is the principal production. HANKINS, Fremont, Sullivan Co., JV. Y. 143 ;«. /r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 317 A small unimportant station near the line of Sullivan county. BASKET, Fremont, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 147 m. /r. JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 313 A small village at the mouth of Basket creek. Also known as Long Eddy. LORDVILLE, Hattcock, Delaware Co., IV. Y. 154 171. /r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 3 06 Formerly called Equinunk Station, from the pretty village of that name on the opposite side of the river in Penn- sylvania. STOCKPORT, Hancock, Delaware Co., N. Y. 159 m./r.JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 301 The village of Stockport is across the river in Pennsylvania. Four miles beyond here we cross the east branch of the Delaware, which unites with the main branch a little below. HANCOCK, Hancock, Delaware Co., JV. V. 1 64 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dtinkirk, 296 A pretty, romantic village, shut in between the mountains, but increas- ing in importance, owing to its being tlie railroad outlet for the entire valley of the East Delaware Branch. Stages leave this station for Hamden, Delhi, and Franklin. HALE'S EDDY, To7)ipki>is, Delaware Co., N. Y. 172 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Djifikirk, 288 DEPOSIT, San/ord, Broome Co., N. Y., and Tompkins, Delaware Co., JV. Y. 177 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dimkirk, 283 This is the centre of a large lumber- ing business, and is situated partly in Delaware and partly in Broome county. A double track has been laid from here to Painted Post, ii6 miles. One mile west of this point we cross the Oquago creek, and, leaving the basin of the Delaware, commence on a heavy ascending grade to surmount the dividing ridge between this basin and that of the Susquehanna. A daily line of stages connects with Nineveh on the Albany and Susquehanna Railway. Passing about eight miles through wild and rugged scenery, with occasional magnificent views, we come to the SUMMIT, San ford, Broome Co., N. Y. 185 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 275 This station is 1,366 feet above the level of the sea. Deposit being 997 feet above, a difference of 369 feet in eight miles. It is a wild and desolate place. From this point the road descends on a grade of sixty feet per mile for about eight miles. About four miles from the summit we come to the Cascade Bridge, a beautiful and wonderful structure, spanning a ravine 250 feet wide, and 184 feet deep. A very inadequate idea of its magnitude can be fonned while passing over it in the cars ; but from the valley below the view is truly magnificent. The bridge is constructed of wood and iron, and though very strong and solid, arches between the natural abutments of solid rock in a light and graceful manner. It was constructed under the direction of John Fowler. Shortly after leaving this bridge we arrive at the Starucca Viaduct. This is a little beyond the State line in Pennsylvania. It is a magnificent and costly structure, 1,200 feet in length, and no feet in height. There are eighteen arches. Like the Cascade Bridge, it should be viewed from below to obtain a full idea of its grandeur and extent. By stopping over one train at the next station, Sus- quehanna, this may easily be accom- plished. The village of Lanesborough is passed, a little beyond the viaduct, on a trestle bridge, some seventy feet above the Caneawacte creek. SUSQUEHANNA, Oakland, Stisqtiehanna Co., Pa. 193 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunk irk, ■^0,1 This place, formerly called Har- mony, has been built up by the esta- blishment here of repair-shops and engine-houses, belonging to the rail- way company, in which over 200 men are employed. Meals are supplied to travellers at the spacious dining-saloon at the station. The road now follows the valley of the Susquehanna, crossing it on a wooden bridge, 800 feet long, half a mile beyond the station. The grades are now very light, not exceedmg five feet per mile, on the entire Susquehan- na section extending to Hornellsville. GREAT BEND, Great Bend, S2isqitehan7ia Co., Pa. 201 m.fr. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 259 The junction of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad, which passes through the Wyoming coal- region of Pennsylvania, and connects with the New Jersey Central Railroad, running to New York. An immense traffic in anthracite coal is carried on by the company owning this road, as they own many very extensive col- lieries in the great anthracite coal fields of Luzerne county, Pa., and, besides conveying coal to the market, carry on the business of mining on a very extensive scale. Besides sending vast quantities to New York, its con- nection with the Erie Railway enables it to supply the Western market to a very considerable extent. The village of Great Bend, on the opposite side of the river from the station, is connected with abridge for ordinary travel besides the D. L. & W. Railroad bridge. Running four miles northwesterly from Great Bend, we cross into New-York State once more, and the railway does not again leave it. KIRKWOOD, Kirkwood, Broojiie Co., N. Y. 206 vt.fr. N. Y. Fr.Dic7ikirk. 254 Named after the former able Super- intendent of the road. Near this place is the birthplace of the celebrated Joe Smith, the great original prophet of the Mormon religion. BINGHAMTON, Broome Co., N. Y. ZlQm./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 244 This beautifiil city, incorporated in 1867, is delightfully situated at the junction of the Chenango and Susque- hanna rivers. The Syracuse, Bing- hamton and New York Railroad, and the Chenango Canal, terminate here ; and the Albany and Susquehanna Rail- road, now nearly completed, will soon connect this place with the capital of the State, opening up a richly settled country hitherto unsupplied with rail- way facilities. The State Inebriate Asylum is located here, two and a half miles east of the city, north of the railway, on the crest of a hill com- manding a magnificent view of the Susquehanna valley, the city, and sur- rounding country. It is 365 feet long, and 82 feet wide, and is built of stone and brick in the castellated Gothic style of architecture. Its grounds occupy about 400 acres. The popu- lar water-cure of Dr. Thayer is located on the top of Mount Prospect Hill ; and there are several male and female academies, a commercial college, nine churches, five newspaper offices, and several manufactories. Anthracite coal is brought here in large quantities, and the Chenango canal-boats receive much of it in exchange for iron ore, which goes to the furnaces in Penn- sylvania. Binghamton is noted for its remarkable salubrity. HOOPER, Uiiion, Broovie Co., N. Y. 221 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 239 A small village at the mouth of Pat- terson creek. UNION, Unio7i, Broome Co., N. Y. 223 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 237 A flourishing village in the township of the same name, about half a mile ft-ora the Susquehanna river. The 25 beautiful intervale meadows in this vicinity, extending for some distance along the river, are very fertile, and even the hills are cultivated to their summits. Crossing Nanticoke creek, we make a bold sweep towards the north, and pass the manufacturing vil- lage of Apalachin on the other side of the river. CAMPVILLE, Owe go, Tioga Co., N. Y. 230 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 230 Campville is a small \dllage just half- way between New York and Dunkirk, and has cattle-yards, etc., where ani- mals, on their way to the New York market, are taken out to be fed and watered. OWEGO, Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y. I^lm.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 223 This is the county seat of Tioga county, and is finely situated at the junction of Owego creek and the Susquehanna river. It is the centre of a large agricultural district, and is rapidly increasing in importance. There are seven churches, two banks, two newspaper offices, an academy, a female seminary, and several manufac- tories of steam engines and boilers, machines, sash and blinds, silver- ware, leather, flour, plaster, etc. The Cayuga division of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad extends from Owego to Ithaca on Cayuga Lake. Beautiful drives are numerous about Owego in all direc- tions. A bridge connects the two banks of the Susquehanna. On the Owego creek, in the western part of the village, is " Glen Mary,'''' the former residence of the late N. P. Willis. Here he wrote his charming " Letters from under a Bridge." TIOGA CENTRE, Tioga, Tioga Co., N. Y. 242 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 218 A small station at the mouth of Catatunk creek. Here are several mills and about sixty dwellings. SMITHBORO', Tioga, Tioga Co., N. Y. 246 m./r. JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 214 A village in Tioga township, con- taining about 250 inhabitants. A bridge crosses the Susquehanna here, BARTON, Barton, Tioga Co., N. Y. 249 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 211 This is a thriving and prettily situ- ated village in the south-east corner of the township of the same name. The Susquehanna here bends towards the south and soon passes into Pennsyl- vania, across which it winds its way into Maryland, where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. We now cross an intervale meadow and the Cayuta creek on a high embankment and bridge, passing the village of Factory- ville, which lies a little over a mile north of the railway. WAVERLY, Barion, Tioga Co., JV. Y. loQm./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 204 This is an incorporated village in the south-west part of Barton township, very near the line of Pennsylvania, and near that of Chemung county. It has about 1,100 inhabitants, and is rapidly increasing. It contains an academj', five churches, and several manufac- tories. Near the station is Spanish 27 Hill, the scene of an incident con- nected with the massacre of Wyoming. Three of the prisoners, who were being carried away by six Indians, rose in the night and, slaying five of their captors, escaped unharmed. Tioga Point, ly- ing south of Waverly, is a tongue of land between the Susquehanna and Chemung rivers, which unite below it. It has some historical interest, as it was the rendezvous of the British and Indians before they ravaged the Wyo- ming Valley, and of the American forces under Sullivan and Clinton in 1779 when in pursuit of Brandt, after the massacre at Lacka waxen. After leaving Waverly we pass up the valley of the Chemung river, crossing Dry Brook and Wynkoop creek to CHEMTJNG, CJiejnuttg, Cheiimng Co., N. V. 260 in./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 200 Formerly called Brockville, in the southern part of Chemung township. The region about here was formerly a great lumbering country, but owing to the clearing off of large tracts, cattle- raising, wool-growing, and other agri- cultural pursuits, have in some measure superseded the lumber business. We now cross the Chemung river, and passing through half a mile of heavy rock-cutting on the south bank of the river, we come to WELLSBURG, Soitthport, Chcmiuig Co., N. Y. 2GGm./r.iV. v. Fr. Dwikirh, 194 This is a manufacturing village in the south-east part of the township ; popu- lation about 400. After leaving it we same into a fertile agricultural region. In this valley Gen. Sullivan and his army encamped in 1779, and threw up 28 a breastwork while on their march in pursuit of the British and Indians. An encounter took place August 29th, in which, after an obstinate conflict of two hours, the enemy were completely rout- ed and dispersed. A few years after the region was gradually occupied by the soldiers who had accompanied Sulli- van, and by others from Pennsylvania. Leaving Wellsburg, the railway bends northward, and we follow up the Chemung valley for seven miles, which bring us to the junction of the Wil- liamsport and Elmira Railway. We then cross the Chemung river by a covered wooden bridge, and find our- selves in ELMIRA, Chemimo; Co., N. V. 27"? m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 187 This is one of those cities whose growth seems almost like magic, having grown up almost entirely within the last thirty years. The first settlement was made by Capt. John Hendy and Christian Loup in 1788. An incident which happened about that time illustrates the hard- ships encountered by the early settlers and their power of endurance. While Capt. Hendy was engaged in erecting his first rude log-hut for shelter near the Indian pathway leading from Wilkes-Barre to Canada, a man on horseback, with a child in a basket hung on each side, followed by his wife and household goods on another horse, came up and inquired anxiously for a doctor for his wife, who had sus- tained some injury by the stumbling of the horse. Of course none was to be had, and the family obtained such shelter for the night as the adjacent forest afforded. In the morning the husband reported his wife " as well as could be expected," and, on resuming their journey after a rest of two days, another basket was in requisition for the accommodation of a third child. The township of Elmira, originally called Newton, was set off from Che- mung in 1792. The village was then- called Dewittsburgh. The present name was given in 182S in compli- ment to the wife of one of the pioneer settlers. Newton creek, which forms the eastern boundary of the city, affords abundant water-power, which is occupied by various mills and manu- factories. Railroads extend in the di- rections of the four cardinal points of the compass. North to Canandaigua, east to New York, south to Baltimore, and west to Buffalo, Dunkirk, and the fer- tile prairies of the Mississippi valley. The Chemung canal, constructed in 1830, affords a convenient avenue for lumber, coal, flour, grain, etc. It ex- tends from Seneca Lake to the Che- mung river at this place, connecting the chain of water navigation in this State with the Susquehanna river and canal, through Pennsylvania to Balti- more. The city is situated in a broad fertile valley. Immense quantities of coal are conveyed through it from the Pennsylvania coal mines. It is hand- somely laid out; and contains, be- sides the county buildings, thirteen churches, a female college capable of accommodating 300 pupils, several other educational institutions, five banks, a savings institution, four ho- tels, about three hundred stores, and a large number of warehouses. It sup- ports two daily and two weekly news- papers. The manufactories are quite extensive ; there are two rolling-mills. four manufactories of boots and shoes, one of pianos, and an oil-refinery. The country around is abundantly productive, and everything indicates the continuance in growth of this finely located city. Remains of old fortifications are seen around its borders, and a spirited engagement took place here in 1779 between our forces under Gen. Sullivan and the British and Indians, whom they had pursued up the Chemung from Tioga Point. The latter were entirely routed with great slaughter, and fled tov.'ards Seneca Lake. Sullivan then encamp- ed at Horse Heads, a few miles north of Elmira. Having killed a number of old and worthless horses here, the Indians afterwards piled up the sculls on each side of the road, from which circumstance the place derives its name. Two miles east of Elmira a very ancient embankment, resembling a fortification, still remains, upon which large and very old trees were found growing by the first settlers of the country. Going northerly, about five miles from Elmira, we arrive at the JUNCTION, Horse Heads, Chemung Co., N. Y. 2T8 m. fr. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 182 The Elmira and Canandaigua Rail- way diverges here. It is now the northern division of the Northern Central Railway extending from Bal- timore to Canandaigua. This is a broad-gauge road, and in connection with the New York and Erie makes a very direct and pleasant route from New York to the central and western counties of the State. We now turn again towards the west, and, running along south of, and parallel to the navigable feeder to the Chemung 29 canal approach the line of Steuben county. BIG FLATS, Big Flats, Chemimg Co., N. V. 2S 4: m./r. jV. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 176 A small station in the township of the same name, near the line of Steu- ben county. Population of the town- ship, i,8oi. About four miles further west we cross to the- south side of the Chemung river. CORNING, Corning, Steuben Co., N. Y. 291 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 1 69 Corning, originally called Painted Post, is a city, and one of the two county seats of Steuben county, Bath being the other. Its present name was given in 1852 in honor of Hon. Erastus Corning, of Albany. It is a large and rapidly growing place, and is pleasantly located. A high hill in its rear affords charming views of the surrounding scenery. The castellated building on the hill south of, and in sight from, the railway is the State Arsenal. The Buffalo division of the Erie Railway diverges from the main road here and extends to Buffalo. The Chemung Canal, extending to Elmira, and from thence northerly to Seneca Lake at Watkins, terminates at this place, and the Corning and Blossburg Railway opens a communication to one of the finest beds of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania, which thus finds a ready market in Western New York. A disastrous fire destroyed a large por- tion of the business part of the place in 1850, but it was promptly rebuilt, and has since rapidly increased in size and importance. There are five churches, two banks, several mills and manufac- turing establishments, and two news- paper offices. Centreville, Knoxville, and Gibson, are small villages on the opposite side of the river. Population in 1865, 6,734. PAINTED POST, Erwin, Steuben Co., N. Y. 293 tn./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 1G7 This is the oldest settlement in this part of the county, and derives its name from a monument said to have been erected in 1779, by the river-side, over the grave ofthe Indian chief, Capt. Montour, son of Queen Catharine. The monument erected by the com- panions of this brave and noted chief- tain was a wooden post upon which were painted various Indian devices. A painted wooden pole in the public square of the village preserves the tradition. The route of the Buffalo Division, which has been running side by side with the main route from Corning, here diverges towards the north, following the valley of Conhoc- ton river, while the main route, crossing tlie Conhocton near its junction with the Canisteo river, follows up the valley of the latter. These two rivers unite at Painted Post, forming the Chemung. ADDISON, Addison, Steuben Co., N. Y. 3 02 VI. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 158 An important and growing village in the township of the same name, on the north bank ofthe Canisteo river, at the junction of Tuscarora creek. The ori- ginal name, given by the early settlers, was Tuscarora ; but it was changed' to Addison in honor ofthe English author of that name. It has three churches, a bank, and several mill and manufac- turing establishments. Population, 31 about 1,300. The valley now be- comes narrow, and the hills steep. KATHBONEVILLE, Rathbo7ie, Steuben Co., N. V. 307 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk^ 153 Has one church, a flouring-mill, and thirty-three dwellings. The adjacent country is hilly and rugged. CAMERON MILLS, Rathhone, Steuben Co., N. V. 312 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 148 A small village. CAMERON, Catneroti, Steuben Co., JV. Y. 315 m./r. JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 145 A village in a deep wild valley, fre- quented by ."sportsmen who hunt the deer in winter. ADRIAN, Caiiisteo, Steuben Co., N. Y. 323 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 137 Formerly called Crosbyville ; con- tains one church, and twenty dwellings. CANISTEO, Caftisteo, Steuben Co., N. Y. 328 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 132 The village is on the south side of the river, nearly half a mile from the sta- tion. The valley widens soon after leaving the station. HORNELLSVILLE, 332 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 128 A large and rapidly growing place. Population in 1865, 5,338. The sta- tion contains a spacious dining-saloon where meals are served to travellers at the regular hours. The North-western Division of tlie Erie Railway diverges here, extending to Buffalo via Warsaw and Attica. (For a description of this branch see page 43.) We now leave the valley of the Canisteo river, which we have been following up in a north- westerly direction, and, bending around towards the south up tire Whitney val- ley, we commence upon an ascending grade of about fifty feet to a mile. Just after crossing the line of Allegany county, we reach ALMOND, Almond, AUe^cDiy Co., N. Y. 3377n.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 123 A manufacturing village of about 1000 inhabitants in the eastern part of the township of the same name. There are two churches, two flouring-mills, and several manufactories. A fine water-power is afforded by the Karr, McHenry, and Whitney creeks, which, uniting here, form the Canacadea creek. ALFRED, Alfred, Allegany Co., N. Y. 341 77i.fr. N. Y. Fr D^mkirk, 119 Also known as Baker's Bridge, in the eastern part of Alfred township; has a church and a flouring-mill, and 134 inhabitants. At Alfred Centre, two miles south-west, is a flourish- ing academy. After leaving this place, and the Whitney" valley, we cross a small tributary stream and follow up its valley. Then, passing through a deep rock-cutting, still ascending the heavy grade which commenced near Hornellsville, we attain the TIP TOP SUMMIT, Alfred, Allegany Co., N. Y. 345 «/. fr. AT. Y. Fr. Dzmkirk, 115 This station is 1,760 feet above tide- water, and is, as its name indicates, the highest point on the entire route. •rp"^--T.-r'' After leaving it we descend on a grade of about forty feet to a mile, still main- taining a southerly direction. ANDOVER, Andover, Allegany Co., N. Y. 3 5 O /«. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 110 Has four churches, a grist and saw mill, and 374 inhabitants. It is located on Dike creek, a tributary of the Genesee river. The railway crosses the creek several times in descending its valley. GENESEE STA., • Welhville, Allegany Co., N. Y. 358 ;«. >. M: Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 102 The name of the incorporated village here is Wellsville, an important and rapidly growing place, at the highest part of the Genesee valley reached by the railway. Dike's and Chenunda creeks here unite with the Genesee river. The valleys are very deep and their sides precipitous. The bottom- lands, however, are fertile, and the farms valuable. The trade of a large region of country, extending into Potter county. Pa., centres here, this being the nearest railway station, and accessible by the deep valleys of streams flowing into the Genesee. There are four churches, two flouring and three saw-mills. Two weekly newspapers are published. The post- ofiSce name is Wellsville. Population of the township, 3,070. The route now changes abruptly to the north- west, following down the Genesee valley. SCIO, Scio, Allegany Co., N. Y. 362M./r. jV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 98 Has a church, several mills, and about SCO inhabitants. The country here is very uneven, the hills rising steeply to a height of from 700 to 1,000 feet above the valleys. BELMONT, Amity, Allegany Co., N. Y. 366 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dutikirk, 94 Formerly called Phillipsville, an in- corporated village, and the half-shire of the county, is situated at the junction of Phillip's creek with the Genesee river. The railway now crosses to the west side of the river. Population of the township in 1865, 2,073. • BELVIDERE, Amity, Allegany Co., N. Y. 370 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Djinkirk, 90 A village in the north-west part of Amity township, near the junction of Van Campen's creek with the Genesee river, and about four miles above the mouth of Angelica creek. Angelica, one of the shire-towns of Allegany county, is situated about two miles up this creek. Population, 1,663. Belvi- dere, being the lowest point of the Genesee valley reached by the Erie Railway, has become the outlet for the business of that portion of the valley and the surrounding country, which has no nearer railway facilities. The direction of the route now changes again to the extent of about a right angle towards the south-west, and leaving the Genesee valley, follows up that of Van Campen's creek, on the north side of the creek, the grade ascending about thirty feet to a mile. FRIENDSHIP, Friendship, Allegany Co., N. Y. 374 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 8 6 This villlage lies between the rail- way and the creek. It contains nume- rous saw-mills, two flouring-mills, four churches, an academy, etc. Popula- tion, about 800. Still ascending the valley we come to CUBA SUMMIT, Cuba, Allegany Co., N. Y. 378 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 72 Is 1,677 feet above tide-water. We now pass over the Allegany ridge or watershed, on the eastern side of which the rain, after reaching the ground, finds its way by rills, rivulets, streams, and rivers into the great lakes, and so down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic Ocean ; while on the other side, only a few rods further west, its destiny is far different. Here it becomes tributary to the Allegany river, and passing I down its winding current and that of the Ohio and Mississippi, is lost in the Gulf of Mexico. Descending on this slope down a tributary of Oil creek we arrive at CUBA, Cuba, Allegafty Co., N. Y. 383 ;«.//-. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 77 This enterprising and flourishing village is near the west line of Alle- gany county. It contains five churches, and several mills and manufactories. ^Population of the township, about 2,000. Cattaraugus county, into which we pass next, is an elevated and uneven county, chiefly devoted to grazing in those portions where the original tim- ber has been removed. The Genesee Valley Canal continues by the side of the railway fi-om Cuba to Olean. HINSDALE, Hinsdale, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 390 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dimkirk, 70 Is located at the junction of Ischua and Oil creek. The route continues down Oil creek, crossing it before it reaches its junction with the Allegany. This is not the celebrated Oil creek of Pennsylvania where the great petro- leum-wells are found. It derives its name, however, from the so-called Seneca oil which was formerly col- lected there by the Indians. OLEAN, Olean, Cattaraugus Co., N'. Y. 395 in./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 65 The name Olean has an obvious connection with that of the creek, and in fact was derived from it. It is an incorporated village, rapidly increas- ing in importance, and contains six churches, an academy, flouring and saw-mills, etc. It is at the junction of Oil creek and the Allegany river. Population, 2,071. A railroad is con- templated to extend into the Pennsyl- vania coal regions, and the Genesee Valley canal is to be extended in the same direction. ALLEGANY, Allegany, Allegany Co., N. Y. 399 m/r. TV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 61 At the junction of Five Mile Creek with the Allegany river. Four miles from this station we come into the Indian Reservation, which lies along the river, half a mile wide on each side, and thirty miles in length. This land belongs to the Seneca tribe of Indians, and cannot be sold. CARROLTON, Carrolton, Catiaraugits Co., N". Y. 408 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 52 This is the junction of the Bradford branch railway, extending up the valley of the Tunegawant creek to the exten- sive coal-fields of McKean co., Pa. GREAT VALLEY, Great Valley, Cattaraugus Co., N. V. 411 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 49 At the junction of Great Valley Creek with the Allegany river. The valley which gives its name to the creek is a source of considerable trade to this sta- tion. Ellicottville, the county seat of Cattaraugus county, is about ten miles up tlie creek. SALAMANCA, Salamanca, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 415 m.Jr. N. V. Fr. Djmkirk, 45 Situated at the junction of the Little Valley creek with the Allegany river. It is the initial point of the Atlantic and Great Western Railway, extending through Pennsylvania and Ohio, to Cincinnati. It is an uninviting-look- ing place, built on low wet land, and » most of the houses are mere rough board shanties. Since the land can only be leased from the Indians, build- ers are not disposed to construct very costly improvements. The Erie Rail- way now turns northwardly up the Lit- tle Valley creek, while the Atlantic and Great Western Railway follows down the Allegany river. Passing the small village of Little Valley Creek, on the opposite side of the river, we come to LITTLE VALLEY, Little Valley, Cattaraugus Co., N. V. \ 421 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dtmkirk, 39 In the north-west comer of the town- ship. Soon after leaving it we again cross the Allegany water-crest and strike a tributary of Cattaraugus creek, flowing into Lake Erie. CATTARAUGUS, New Albion, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 428 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dimkirk. 32 An important village on the side- hill 39 forming the west slope of the valley of the south branch of Cattaraugus creek. Following along the side of this valley for about four miles, we turn from it towards the west, and traverse across streams and valleys the rest of the way to Dunkirk. DAYTON, Dayton, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 438 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 22 This station is 1,595 feet above the level of the sea, and 1,015 above the lake at Dunkirk. From here the grade descends all the way to the lake. PERRYSBURG, Perryshirg, Cattaraugjcs Co., N. Y. 441 m./r.N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk. 19 Has a church and twenty-three dwellings. Versailles, five miles north, and Gowanda, four miles east, are im- portant villages. Soon after leaving it we come in sight of one of those won- derful bodies of fresh water, the great American Lakes. Lake Erie is next to the lowest of them, and is 240 miles in length, and 57 in breadth. SMITH'S MILLS, Hanover, Chajitauqua Co., JV. Y. 448 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 12 rORESTVILLE, Hanover, Chatitauqua Co., N. Y. 452 vt. /r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 8 An incorporated village. Population 540. It has two churches, and several grist-mills, saw-mills, etc. DUNKIRK, CJtautauqua Co. N. Y. 460 miles /rom New York. Incorporated in 1837. Population, 4,754. This place has been chiefly built up since its selection for the western terminus of the Erie Rnilway. This selection was made on account of its fine haibor. whicli is the best be- tween Buffalo and Cleveland. It has a bank, two newspapers, various manu- factories, machine shops and furnaces, besides the very extensive warehouses and workshops of the railway com- pany. Near Fredonia, a thriving vil- lage about three miles south-east of Dunkirk, is a remarkable natural gas spring, from which a large portion of the village is supplied with illumin- ating gas. Northwestern Division of the Erie Railw'y. FROM HORNELLSVILLE TO BUFFALO. HORNELLSVILLE, 332 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 91 (See page 33). BTJRNS, Burns, Al/e^nny Co., N. V. 340 m. fr. N. Y. Fr Buffalo, 83 On the east line of the township, and near the north-east corner of the county. It contains a church, a mill, a factory, and twenty dwellings. CANASERAGA, Burns, Allegany Co., N. Y. 344 m.fr. N. Y. Fr Buffalo, 79 In the northern part of the township, and contain* an academy under Baptist management, several mills, and about 200 inhabitants. It is a thriving vil- lage. SWAINVILLE, Grove, Allegany Co., N. Y. 349 m. fr N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 74 A post village on the east line of the township and of Livingston county. NTTNDA, Nunda, Livitigston Co., N. Y. 356 m. fr N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 67 The x-illage is on the Genesee Valley Canal, abo<.it three miles from the sta- tion. It has a friliing-mill, a woolen factory, tannery, two grist-mills, five saw-mills, an academy, furnace, ma- chine shop and tannery, six churches, and the Nunda Literary Institute, opened in 1844, whose building was burned in 1859. Population about 2,000. At the station is a small vil- lage of about twenty houses. HUNT'S HOLLOW, Portage, Livingstoti Co., N. Y. 358 w. fr. N. Y. Fr Buffalo, 65 A small post village, containing two churches, a tannery, and about thiity houses. PORTAGE, Portage, Livingston Co.. X. Y. 362 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 61 One of the most interesting localities in the United States. Portage is a village of 1,519 inhabitants, located on the Genesee Valley canal and the Genesee river. In its immediate vicin- ity are the Genesee Falls, three in number, each of which is remarkable for its beauty and grandeur. The upper or Horseshoe Falls, seventy feet high, are about three-quarters of a mile below the village. The Middle Falls are about one-quarter of a mile further down the river. Here the water pours in an unbroken sheet into a chasm no feet below. PORTAGEVILLE TO ATTICA- which is bounded by perpendicuTar ledges. A cave, called the " Devil's Oven," has been worn into the Rocks on the west bank, near the bottom of the Falls. In low water loo persons can be seated in it, but when the river is high it is filled with water. Two miles below the Middle Falls, before reaching the third, the river pursues a winding course between perpendicular walls, across which a man might almost leap, then descends in a succession of rocky steps almost as regular as a stair- case, dives under a shelving rock, and descends into a narrow pass about fifteen feet wide ; descending perpen- dicularly for twenty feet it strikes against the base of high rocks, whirls back, and, turning nearly at right angles, falls into a deep pool overhung with shelving rocks. " Sugar Loaf," an isolated mass of rock, fifteen feet in diameter and one hundred feet high, rises from the river-bed at a bend in its course and receives nearly the whole force of the rushing waters. These Falls are accessible only from the west side. The perpendicular bank on the west of the river is 380 feet high at one point. The bridge by which the rail- way crosses the river is the largest wooden railroad bridge in the world. This bridge was built at a cost of ^175,000, and stands upon thirteen strong stone piers set in the bed of the river and rising sufficiently above high-water mark to be secure against freshets. Above these piers a timber trestle-work rises 234 feet, on the top of which the track of the road is laid. The bridge is 800 feet long, and is so constructed that any timber in the whole structure can be removed and replaced at pleasure. The first and second falls can be seen from the bridge, and present a grand appearance as they are seen in the distance dashing over the rocks and plunging into the black basin. In some places the rocks of the ravine are 300 feet high, and small streams, trickling over the top of this wall, dissolve into blue mist long before they reach the bottom. The Genesee Valley Canal crosses the river on an aqueduct just above the bridge, then, running parallel with the river, passes under the railroad bridge on the high bluff of rocks forming the east bank of the river. The perforations for a tunnel, which was commenced and then aban- doned, may be seen in driving fi-om the hotel to tjhe bottom of the ravine. Al- together this place will well repay the visitor who has sufficient leisure, for a stay of some days. Portageville, the nearest village, is on the west side of the river, a little south of the station, in the township of Genesee Falls, Wyo- ming county, the river here forming the boundary between the two counties. It has five churches, and several mills. There is a large and good hotel near the station, and another in Portage- ville. CASTILE, Castile, Wyomi7tg Co., N. Y. 366 w. fr. N. V. Fr. Buffalo, 57 Situated on Wolf creek and the Genesee river, in the south-western part of the township. It contains four stores, a carriage-manufactory, and three churches. Population of the township, 2,323. GAINESVILLE STATION, Gainesville, lVyoitti7ig Co., N. Y. 368 VI. fr. N. Y. Fr. Btiffalo, 55 The village contains two churches, several stores and mills, and about twenty houses. Good building-stone 43 is quarried in the northern part of the township. Gainesville Creek, about four miles from the station, on East Coy creek, near the centre of the town- ship, contains a large female seminary after the plan of the Mt. Holyoke seminary, Massachusetts. The build- ing will accommodate loo boarding- pupils, and 150 day-scholars. Gaines- ville Creek is the home of the Hon. Wm. Bristol, known as " the soldier's friend." To the north-east of Gaines- ville Station is Silver Lake, three miles long, the scene of action of a supposed monster seipent, whose alleged performances created so much excitement in 1855. The village of Perry is situated near the outlet of the lake, about six miles from the station. It is a thriving village, has a woolen- factory, a furnace, three flouring-mills, a bank, a newspaper office, several churches, and the Perry Academy. WARSAW, Warsaw, ]Vyo7iii7ig Co., li. V. 375 in. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 48 This is the county seat of Wyoming comity. The village is about a mile east of the station on Oatka creek. It is in a deep valley, on the west slope of which the railway passes through the township at a considerable elevation. Besides the county buildings, it con- tains five churches, a bank, three hotels, a large Union schoolhouse, an iron fiirnace, a tanneiy, two flouring-mills, two newspaper offices, manufactories of sash and blinds, of horse-rakes, of carnages, map-rollers, and of water- proof blacking. It is the home of Hon. Augustus Frank, and of Judge H. L. Comstock. Population of the township, in 1S65, 2,958. Stages run daily to Arcade, in the south-western comer of the county, twenty-five miles, and to Batavia, the county seat of Genesee county. On the Arcade stage- route is Wethersfield Springs, six miles from Warsaw, a place of some importance, and the seat of the " Doo- little Institute," founded and endowed by Ormus Doolittle, Esq. It was the early home of Hon. James R. Doo- little, of Wisconsin. DALE, Middlehtry, IVyoining Co., N. Y. 381 nufr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 42 A small post village. LINDEN, Bethatiy, Genesee Co., N. Y. 385 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Bjiffalo, 38 This village is located in the south- ern part of the township and county ; it contains a flouring and saw-mill, a furnace, and about fifty dwellings. ATTICA, Attica, Ge?tesee Co., N. Y. 392 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 31 Is in the north-western part of the township, on Tonawanda creek, was incorporated in 1837. It has a flourish- ing Union school, a bank, a newspaper office, a flouring-mill, five churches. The Buffalo Division of the Erie Rail- way, which diverges from the main line at Coming, and passes through Avon and Batavia, here reunites with the Northwestern Division, forming a single line from this point to Buffalo. A branch of the N. Y. C. R. R. ex- tends from here to Batavia. DARIEN, Darieti, Genesee Co., N. Y. 398 w/. fr. N. Y. Fr. Bjiffalo, 25 Darien Centre and Darien City are two villages of Darien township, and lie 45 LOCKPORT JUNCTION TO NIAGARA FALLS. LANCASTER TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS, about two miles apart, and about half a mile north of the railway. Darien City, the most easterly, contains a church, and fifty dwellings. Darien Centre contains a church, Darien Seminary, and twenty dwellings. ALDEN, . A Men, Erie Co., N. Y. 404 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Biifalo, 19 A post village containing two churches, and 285 population. Alden Centre is a small village about one mile south-west. The New York Central Railroad runs through the northern portion of the township. TOWN LINE, Lancaster, Erie Co., N. Y. 409 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 14 The post village of this name is about a mile south of the station, and is partly in Darien township. LANCASTER, Lancaster, Erie Co., N. Y. 413 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 10 An incorporated village in the west- em part of the township. It contains six churches, a bank, a glass factoiy, a tannery, a bedstead factory, a grist- mill, and a saw-mill. CHICTAWATJGA, Chictaivauga, Erie Co., N. Y. 415 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 8 The route in its approach to Buffalo converges quite near to the New York Central Railway. The Indian name of this place, of which the present is a corruption, was " Jiik-do-waah-geh," and signified " the place of the crab- apple tree." Population of the town- ship, in 1S65, 2,657. BUFFALO, Erie Co., N. Y. 423 miles fro7n New York. Buffalo is situated at the foot of Lake Erie, just above the point where the narrowing lake takes the character and name of Niagara River. It is also the western terminus of the Erie Canal. From its position, therefore, Buffalo is at once the natural key to the com- merce of the Great Lakes and the Great North-west, and also the artifi- cial gate through which the boundless grain-fields of the West pour their treasures into Eastern markets. Next to New York City Buffalo is the most important commercial city in the State. The French, who were its first visitors, named it " BufBe " — English, Buffalo — from the wild oxen which they saw in great droves around. In 18 13, during the war with Great Britain, this place suffered greatly ; every house was destroyed, but one, which is still stand- ing near the corner of Mohawk and Main streets. In 1815 buildings were again erected, and in 1825 Congress voted $So,ooo for the sufferers. The principal influence in producing the rapid growth of the city was exerted by the construction of the Erie Canal, completed in October, 1825, which has its western terminus here. From the time when the quarrel between Buffalo and Black Rock, as to which should have the terminus, was decided in favor of Buffalo, to the present, it has been rapidly increasing in size and im- portance. Soon after this first period, it was not unusual in summer to see the plains of Buffalo white with the tents gf emigrants, who, unable to obtain better accommodation in the crowded city, there awaited the arrival of the steamboats, which were to con- vey them across the lakes to their new homes. The harbor of Buffalo, formed by the Great Buffalo Creek, was, be- fore the construction of the Erie Canal, obstructed by the washing in of sand firom the lake, but by the energy and enterprise of the citizens a pier or breakwater was, after several failures, extended so far out into the lake as to control its "wash," and to enable the spring freshets in the creek to scour out the deposits and maintain a deep and lasting channel. It was this success that decided the location at this place of the canal terminus. A continuous line of wharves extends along Buffalo Creek. The Erie basin, just north of Buffalo Creek, is protected by a break- water from the lake-storms, and the Ohio basin, a little more than a mile up the creek, contains ten acres of suf- ficient depth to float the largest lake vessels. The Blackwell ship-canal ex- tends more than a mile between Buf- falo Creek and the lake, and is con- nected with the creek, the basins, and the Erie Canal, by numerous slips. At the end of the pier, which extends 1,500 feet into the lake, is a lighthouse, strongly built of stone and iron, and furnished with a first-class Fresnel dioptric light. The city has a water front of about five miles, two and a half of which are on the Lake, and two and a half on Niagara river. It is about sixty feet above the level of the lake, and the ground rises gradually as it recedes from the harbor. The more elevated portions afford fine views of the city, Niagara river, Lake Erie, and the Canada shore. Its streets are broad and straight, and generalhr cross each other at right angles. Niagara Square, from which eight streets ra- diate, is a handsome open quadrangle, surrounded by elegant private resi- dences. The business portion of the city is near the lake and river. Wharves, elevators, and extensive warehouses line the harbor ; the larg- est of the latter is that of the Central Railroad, used exclusively for its own consignments. At the back of these immense buildiftgs flows the Erie Canal, with only narrow tow-paths between its waters and the lofty ware- houses. The number of vessels con- tinually arriving and departing from this port is very great. Business is greatly facilitated by the elevators. There are twenty-two of these, which have an aggregate transfer power of 82,000 bushels per hour, and a ware- house capacity of 4,415,000 bushels. They were erected at a cost of $1,000,000. By the promptitude of their action fleets have been unloaded and enabled to leave the harbor in thirty-six hours after arrival. Great numbers of cattle from the West are shipped from Buffalo both by water and by rail. The manufactures of Buffalo have already attained considerable magnitude. There are twenty estab- lishments engaged in manufacturing iron, which employ 3,000 persons. The most important are those of the Union Iron Co., which has three blasting- furnaces, using 50,000 tons of iron ore, and 50,000 tons of coal ; the Fletcher Furnace making upwards of 9,000 tons of pig-iron annually ; Pratt & Co.'s iron and nail manufactory, turning out forty tons per day ; the Shephard Iron Works, Buffalo Steam- Engine and Iron Ship-building Works, and the Eagle Iron Works. The Niagara and Buffalo Steam Forge Works manufac- ture anchors and car-axles. There are ten flouring-mills that annually manu- 48 facture from 350,000 to 450,000 barrels. For the twelve months ending Decem- ber, 1864, the government tax on the manufactures in this district was about $1,538,000. Among other manufactures are establishments for leather work, agricultural implements, distilled spir- its, and cement. Ship-building is also extensively carried on. There are, besides, eleven establishments for the refining of "petroleum," capable of producing 70,000 barrels per annum. Among the principal public buildings is a large and handsome edifice at the corner of Seneca and Washington streets, in which is conducteft the business of the post-office, the custom- house, and the United States courts. It was constructed by the Federal Government at a cost of $140,000. The old and new court-houses, the former of which faces Lafayette park on Main street, are fine buildings. The United States arsenal is in Batavia street. There are also several admi- rably built markets in different parts of the city. The City Water Works Co. have constructed a reservoir on Niagara street, eighty feet above the level of the lake, capable of containing nearly 14,000,000 gallons. Powerful engines are erected on the banks of the river to supply the reservoirs; the aggregate cost amounting to $500,000. There are about seventy churches in Buffalo, many of which are spacious and hand- some. The Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph is built entirely of stone, in an elegant and expensive style. It is without galleries, and at the back of the altar is a tripartite window of stain- ed glass, manufactured at Munich, representing the birth, crucifixion, and ascension of the Savior. The Protes- tant Episcopal church of St. Paul is an imposing edifice, and has a chime of bells which cost $15,000. The prin- cipal cemetery is Forest Lawn, about three miles from the city. It is a spa- cious and well chosen location, some- what undulating in surface, and is taste- fully laid out. The public schools have a high reputation. In the highest de- partment a complete academic course is taught, excepting the classics. Of the 200 teachers employed, 162 are females. Number of children attending is about 30,000, and the total expense $100,000 annually. The district libraries contain gooo volumes. The benevolent insti- tutions include the Church Charity Foundation, the Buffalo and St. Vin- cent Orphan Asylums, the City Hospi- tal, a Marine Hospital, founded in 1833, the Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, the Boatman's Friend Society, Association for the Relief of the Poor, Buffalo Industrial School, Martha In- dustrial School, the Firemen's Bene- volent Association, the Benevolent Society of the Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, the Soldiers' Rest, the Mutual Benefit Catholic Tem- perance Society, the Buffalo City Dis- pensary. There are thirteen Masonic lodges, and five lodges and one degree lodge of the Order of Odd Fellows. Besides these are the Medical Society of the county of Erie, the Buffalo Horticultural Society, and many other associations. The Young Men's Chris- tian Association is a flourishing so- ciety, and have a fine building with conveniently fitted rooms containing a library of 10,000 volumes. The German Young Men's Association has 2000 works, chiefly in German. The Medical College, on the corner of Main and Virginia streets, maintains the usual course of lectures. In the 49 building of the Young Men's Associa- tion, besides their own rooms, are the rooms of the Society of Natural Sciences, the Buffalo Law Library, the Historical Society, and the Buffalo Fine Arts Gallery. Buffalo Division of the Erie Railway. FROM corning TO ROCHESTER AND BUFFALO. Trains over this route, after leaving Corning, run parallel with the main road to Painted Post, then diverge to the north, passing up the valley of the Conhocton river through Steuben county, thence through Livingston county, between Conesus and Hem- lock lakes, to Avon, from whence a branch extends to Rochester, connect- ing this important city directly with New York. From Avon the route continues directly west through Batavia in Genesee county to Buffalo., CORNING, 291 in.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 142 (See page 31 ) PAINTED POST, 293 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 140 (See page 31.) COOPER'S, Erwtn, Steuben Co., N. Y. 296 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 1 3T A small post village near the north- ern line of the township. CURTIS, Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y. 299 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 1 34 A small place on Stevens creek, containing two churches and several mills. CAMPBELL, Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y. 300 m.fr., N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 133 Named from early settlers, contains a population of 1,622. The surround- ing country is broken and rough. Some of the hills rise from 300 to 500 feet above the valleys. It is near the junction of McNutt and Michigan creeks with Conhocton river. SAVONA, Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y. 305 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 128 At the mouth of Mud creek, contains two churches, and 250 inhabitants. BATH, Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y. 311 m.fr. N. Y Fr. Buffalo, 122 This thriving village is situated on the left bank of the Conhocton creek. It receives the trade of a rich agricul- tural district, and has a manufacturing and lumber business of considerable importance. Bath is one of the half- shires of the county. Corning being the other. The court-house at Bath is a commodious brick building, erected in 1828. An orphan asylum has been founded and built by Ira Davenport, at a cost of $200,000. The county poor- house is located upon a farm of 214 acres, about two miles north-east of the village. Besides the county buildings, Bath contains about six churches, three THE Life Insurance Company 98 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Permanent Capital Stock of Assets, nearly $125,000 $1,000,000 CYRUS CURTISS, President. MATTHEW MITCHELL, Vice President. WM. A. BREWER, Jr., Secretary and Actuary. CYRUS MUNN, Assistant Secretary. B. W. McCREADY, M.D., Medical Examiner. GEO. T. ELLIOT, Jr., Consiilting Physician. DIRECTORS CYRUS CURTISS, MATTHEW MITCHELL, W. A. BREWER, Jk., GEORGE GRISWOLD, KOLAND G. MITCHELL, FREDERICK G. FOSTER, GEORGE NEWBOLD, JOHN CASWELL, ARTHUR F. WILLMARTH, THOMAS HOPE, ELLWOOD WALTER, BENJAMIN W. BONNEY, FRANKLIN F. RANDOLPH, FREDERICK W. MACY, HENRY SWIFT, DAVID A. WOOD, WILSON G, HUNT. WILLIAM H. ASPINWALL, WILLIAM H. COX. GEORGE N. LAWRENCE THOMAS H. FAILE, JAMES PUNNETT, LEVI P. MORTON, EFFINGHAM TOWNSEND, Policy Holders receive fill the Profits. Stoc1<^ Wringer, $10 ; No. 2 Wringer, $8 so. Send for Circulars, giving wholesale and retail terms. R. 0. BROWNING, General Agent, 32 Cortlandt Street, New York, (Opposite Merchants' Hotel.) Paris Exposition, July, 1867. THE HIGHEST PRIZE FOR WMIMW S1WIW<3 BA€HIF1S, TO WIT: THE FIRST SILVER MEDAL WAS AWARDED TO THE Florence Sewing Machine Co. NO "GOLD" MEDAL HAS BEEN AWARDED TO ANY SEWING MACHINE CO. AT SAID EXPOSITION, EXCEPT FOR A MACHINE TO MAKE BUTTON HOLES. Eliiit Howe, Jr., i services ceioes the well merited Honor of a Gold Medal— n the world as an INVENTOR and DESIGNER. t for his MA CHINE, but foi See Committee's Report. We think this award should satisfy every candid person that the FLORENCE is just what we have all along claimed for it, viz. : The Best Family Sewing Machine in the World. There were upwards of Eighty Competitors, but by the award of the Committee the FLORENCE takes precedence over all others of all nations. FLORENCE SBWINa MACHINE CO., 6RAMHALL, DEANE & CO, MANUFACTURERS OF Cooking and Heating APPARATUS. Hotel Ranges & Purniture A SPECIALTY. 247 and 249 WATER STREET, TOW ¥#1^. American Clock Company, DEALERS IN CLOCKS, BEIiyillTCliS, TIMf-flECES, AND SOLE AGENTS FOR E.N. Welch Manfg Co., New Haven Clock Co., AND Seth Thomas Clock Co. Letters of inquiry promptly answered, and Catalogues and Price-Lists furnished on appli- 3 COBTLANDT ST., NEW YORK, 115 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. E. C. HINE. S. E. THOMAS. SECURITY LIFE IN^SXJR^lSrCE AND Nos. 31 and 33 Pine Street, New York. A^SJ^EXJ^, 1^1,000,000. OFFICERS. HOBJERT X. CASJE, President. THJEOnOBD R. WETMOUE, Vice President. ISAAC H. ALLEN, Secretary. This Institution holds rank among the very first Life Companies in existence, and offers advantages surpassed by none. Its business is rapidly extending, and is conducted on an economical and reliable basis. TEIi3lS OF PAYMENT. Premiums may be paid semi-annually, tri-annually, or annually. On Life and Endowment Policies, where the annual premium exceeds ^40, one-third of the premium will be indorsed on the Polic\' as a loan to the insured, bearing interest at six per cent., payable in advance, and the profits to which the insured may be entitled will be appropriated to the cancelling ot said loan. Premiums for the whole life may be paid in ten annual payments, or in one single pavment. Policies for the whole life, and endowment assurance, participate in profits. DESCJtIPTION OF POLICIES ISSUED. 1. For the whole term of life. 2. For an\' number of years. 3. Payable when the assured attains a certain age or at his death. 4. On joint lives, payable at the death of the first of two or more persons. 5. Policies will be issued in favor of the person whose life is assured, payable to himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns, transferable by assignment. f>. In favor of a wife, and payable to her ; or, in case of her death, to chil- dren or their guardian. This Company will also grant policies on the TEN YE All NON-FO JiFFirUPE PLAN. Those insuring on this table, can have the option of receiving ten dividends on the ten annual rales, or life dividends, if on the life table. nirinENDS Are declared annually after three years, and applied to the payment of pre- mium notes ; and in case no note has been given, to a reductii n of future premiums, the purchase of additional assurance, or Scrip bearing six percent interest. Last dividend fifty per cent., and note returned. Vice Frl: '^^'-^N^^^^^^^^^^''^Actuar y , mm 1) poi iir\ii>^^^^^^^.P^RKs tackler Attorney, ^*".JirL'. sc. w..*^ Examining Physician. AUGUSTUS FORD. "^^^^^^-^r. DANICL AYRES M.D.LL.D. \^%\qIu1J:BIiEE, A^ent. Ofllce and Wareroom, 18 & 20 VESEY STREET, Near the Astor House, MIW Y