wm iiiii HISTORY \L — ov— MONONA COUNTY, IOWA. Containing Full-page Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens of the County. T'x'.KTHEK WITH PORTR.VITS .\ND IJIUGRAPHIES OF ALL THE GUVER.NORS OF IOWA, AND OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. nmCAGO: NATIONAL I'l !U.I.SII1N<; (O.MI'ANV laau. TQ^CL^^. jj N tliis age of culture aiul progress people are but just waking up to tlie fuct that we arc every day I making history — working out problems of life and carving out fortunes — all to be forgotten by the next generation, unless we enter more carefully upon the task of recording and preserving the details of our local and pei-soual histor}'. These annals, tints written, will be dul^' appreciated for their truth- fulness and completeness by those who come after us, for it is well known that the lapse of time makes the best of memories imperfect, and tradition is totally unreliable. Thus it is that in most every section of the Union efforts are being put fortli to perpetuate local history and biography. Surely no cause can be more wortlij' of popular attention. In no county in Iowa should the citizens feel greater interest in recording, in some convenient form, the most iuiporlant events in the history of thrc county and the lives of its citizens. "With the laudable purpose of gathering up the history of Monona County and its citizens this vol- ume was commenced and carried to a finish. Our work is done; and we now ()resent it to our patrons with ihc wish thai it will nioct the satisfaction that the care used in its preparation warrants. Yours very truly. Tin; N.\Tio.s.vi. I'uiiLisiiiNi. Co. GERTIFISATE OF SOMMITTBES. We, the undersigned, members of the committefs appointed to revise tlie liistories of our respective town- sliips or villages for the history of Monona County, now being compiled by the National Publishing Co., do hereby certify that the manuscript of the same was duly submitted to us, and that we revised and corrected the same, making such additions and corrections as we, in our judgment, deemed necessary, and as so cor- rected do approve of the same: T. Elliott, J. K. McCaskey, William Burton, Addison Oliver, R. D. Holbrook. Villayc of Oiuiira. Charles I. Whiting. G. W.Carhart, V. (;i iffln, .1. L). Kice, B. D. Butler, Vilhujr ,,/■ M,,,,l,lnn. E. M. Cassady. B F.Morris, Lyman AVhillicr. W. C. Whiting, Villfiijn of W'liUiiiij. U. G. Fairchild, r. r. Comfort, F. G. Oliver. Xeal McNeill, Frnnkliii. .lohn S. Eggleston. T. II. Peabody, Lilirolii, F. F. Roe, T. T. Bouslaugh, D. T. Ilawtliorn, C'fuft^r. Thouias Cover, UV/Aiir. R. T. Reese, C. W. Bisbee, S. S. Doi ward, Bekhhre. George R. Outhouse, .James Ballantyne, Jordan. J. .1. Peck, Siouj-. w . G. Kennedy, w . VanDorn, Grant. 0. E. .Strand, R. R. Porter, Engebret Eveuson, M ..I. Riddle, Soulier. Le !wis Pike, C. E. Whiting, Peter Inman. M . F. Brink, .1. R. Folwell, West l'i,ik. W . W. Ordwav, .J. B. P. Day, Socrates Smith, A. J. Lynch, Kennebec. Peter Reily, William McFarlane N. C. Harlow, ShermiiH. (1- A. Wooster. C. H. Simmons, N. A. Willsey, J. A. Heisler. Maple. Victor Dubois, N.B. Olson, .1 P. Olson, Fairvieie. I'.itrick G. Dundon, A. F.Gray, .1. R. Murphy, Asliton. Tobias Fegenbush, W. L. Coones, Joseph Robinson, Lake. J. L. Bartholomew. .J. B. Moorhead, S. M. Blackman, James Graham, Spring Valleij. S. I). Depue, A. J. Patrick, J. L Smith, William G. Dorothy, .S:^. Cl'iir. .1. .\. Ileisler, .1. H. Iloman, Cooper. ae A. BI0GF,p^l7l(gfIIj. Adain!(, Almon I.- 475 Adams, John 33 Adam». JohnQuincy 39 Adams, Joseph A 570 Adams, Moses S'S ARen*, William 581 Alexander. Peter 57* Allen. Perry 487 Amitndson, John 637 Anderson, WiUlam 401 Arthur, Chester A 90 Ashton, Isaac 361 Atherton. Edward A 638 B l^axhy, John a Bailey, W. B V5 Bakke, Edward E.. 543 Bakkc, Seven E 650 Ballantyne, Andrew 6oa Ballantyne, James ■••55* Ballantyne, John 485 Barciis. John 641 Barcti^. Wesley 590 Hard, Henry E 638 Marney . Loren 647 P-anhoI jmcw, James L 377 Itav^etl, William I* 646 Beers, fohn K 498 Kearce, Lorenzo I) 494 Heall, Nelson 1) 1*5 Risbee. Hon. Charles C-. . fo6 Bishec. Charles W 6^4 Blackman. Stephen M foj Blanchard. John,Jr 5*^0 Boies, Horace 159 Bouslaugh, Jasper 616 Bouftlaugh, Joseph K 567 llousUugh, Theodore T... . 577 Bowers. David W .584 Bridfics, John T ftj7 I'ri^tit** An^-- ' 11 Brink, Mil.^ii K 499 Brooks, George II 379 Brooks, John W 416 Brown, Anthony 640 Bryant, Colbv M 56a Bryant. Capt. G. H 478 Buchanan, James 75 Burton, Willinm 389 Butcher, hdmond 5A3 Butcher, Frederick 505 Butt, Joseph D 658 Butts. Mrs. Mary A 401 Caldwell, Joseph A 369 Cameron, I.ieut> S. T 604 Carlson, Olc B.... 597 Carpenter, Cyrus Clay 139 Cirritt, John C 451 Carritt, Thomas R. .445 Case, Francis C, Sr 558 Case, James M 468 Cass.idy. Charles M 588 Cassady, Edward M .516 Chamberlain, Eber B 597 Chapman, Edward A 558 Chapman, Edward H 403 Christiansen, Christian L....537 Christie. Lawrence E 6(:o Chrisiman, David 679 Clark, F.dwnrd 455 Clemon. Martin 553 Clevelaad, G rover 5 101 Coitman. Columbtis 37a Colby, Frank E 596 Colby, Harry E 589 Colby. Harry E., Jr 603 Culli^on, Edward 633 Comfort, Uriah U 464 Comly. John B.. M. D s«9 Conyers, John J . ... 507 Cooncs, William I s>3 Cook, Aaron W >b7 Cook, David C 481 Cojk, James 365 Cook. Wilb.uii A«i Cooper. Robert W 4.3 Cope. Charles W 564 Copcland, Elijah W 383 Cork, Gcorftc W 421 Counts, Joseph D 584 Cox, Julius Warren, M. D.. -613 Crawford, Thomas M 561 Crossley, John 461 Crow. Williard D 645 Cummings. Alhcrt •••■^7 Cunningham, Henry \V. . ..384 Cunningham, Sam\icl. . .. .- 473 Ctishing, Caleb. 579 Cushing, Ervin 490 Cutler. David T 438 Cutter. Julius T 386 D Dailcy. Andrew T 458 Dalev, Chester W 495 Daley. William U 450 Danforih. Benjamin F 456 Davidson, William H 387 Davis, Aaron A 437 Davis, Isaac 373 Davis, Oliver 390 Day, Franklin Augustus... .517 Day, Frank L 53** Day, J. B. P 467 Day, William T 505 Delashmntt, E. N 4^3 Denton, Thomas A 543 Dcpue,S. D ^59 Dc Wolf, Ezra 613 Diddy. George 511 Din^iaan. John 573 Donner. Johan .....525 i>ouKlAs, Georiie A 369 Dorothy, James R 403 Dorothy. William G 361 Dorward, Frank M ..633 Dorward. Samuel Stephens .47A DriKfis* Lorenzo 511 Driggs, I^renzo D 509 Drummond, John R 486 Dubois. Victor . . 570 Dubois, Victor P ftoi Duffy, Thomas 578 Dundon, Patrick G 491 Dungan. Francis 643 East, John i 531 Eggleston, Chades F 391 Eggleston, John S 474 Elliott, Timothy 390 El we II, John - 4^6 Taylor, John G 408 Taylor. Zachary 63 Templcton, John N 449 Thomas, John.. 61B Thompson, Mrs. Sarnh. 489 Thoreson, F.|lin< 605 I'horeson* Knnd 564 Thoreson. Nels. . .- 366 Tillson, Esther R 557 TilUon. Hon. Stephen, Sr. ..557 Tillson, Stephen. Jr 368 'I'isdale, Lovcad J _sis Torrison, JorKcs C 40a Townly, William, Jr 468 Trego, Alexander J 507 Trimble, John ^17 Tyler, John. - . ;, u Underbill. George 638 Ubl. Joseph....: 486 Utteiback, James P 611 Van llurcn. Martin 47 Van I'orn. Cornelius 572 Van l>orn,S. Livingston 534 Van Oorn. Virpil .597 Van Dorn, Washington 4^11 Vandover, Grason 386 w Warner. \!ajor tleorge F . . . s.-i Washington, GeorRC 19 Wells. Gideon M 574 Welsh. George A 497 Wheeler. H A., M. D 65:, Whiting, Charles I 518 WhiiinR, Hon. Charles E 5^8 Whiting. Newell A 617 Wiley, Clinton M 513 Wiley, George P 4:0 Wiley, Hon. William F 434 Wiley, William Henry .. . .639 Wiley. William 1 379 Wilkins. Chri>iian 659 Williamson, Joshua G 533 Will its, Sanford F 400 Willsey, Nelson A 546 Wilsey, W. H 577 Winegar, Edward .398 Winegar, Frederick D 404 Winegar, Frederick I*.. Jr.. .401 Winegar, Moroni 378 W innate, Hans L 590 Wininger, Williaii 610 Wood, William G 45J Wo6dward, Joscpli O 549 Woodward, Lewis 444 Wonder, W. H 3S1 Woo.^^'^-^^'^: /^TTh, ■!- +. X..+. '+"¥'¥¥ VV '• FIRST T'JiES/n£N7\ '!> 1'; i'..^'iigi'^'^fe^'«?;«&v.>'iti^i'ij?i^^. (3 E OB BE WASlII?sn'rD?J. HE Father of our Country was liorn in Westmorland Co., Va., 'Feb. 2 2, 1732. His parents were Augustine and Mary (Ball) Washington. The family to which he belonged hns not been satisfactorily traced in England. His great-grand- father, John Washington, em- igrated to Virginia about 1657, and became a pros[)erous ' planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and had three children, John, Augustine and Mildred. Augus- tine, the father of George, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of si.x children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. Augustine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate on the Patomac, afterwards known as Mount Vernon, lid to George he left the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighlwrhood scIkioIs afforded, save for a short time after he left school, when he received private instriiclion in mathemat'cs. His spelling was rather defective. Remarkable stories are told of his great physica. strength and development at an early age. He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fair- ness and veracity which characterized his whole life. When George was 14 years old he had a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opjx)sition of his mother the idea was abandonsd. Two years later he was apix)inted surveyor to the immense estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years in a rough frontier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 1751, though only 19 years of age, he was ap|ointed adjutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter who did not long survive him. On her dciiiise the estate of Mount Vernon was given to George. Upon the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie, as Lieuien- ant-(}overnor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four mili- tary districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him and ac- cepted, which others had refused. This was to pro- ceed to the French jxjst near Lake Erie in North- western Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was l)eiween 500 and 600 miles. W inter was at hand, and the journey w.is to be made widioMt military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. The GEORGE WASHINGTON. trip was a perilous one, and several limes he came near losing his life, yet he returned in safely and furnished a full and useful report of his expedition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in com- mand of Col. Joshua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war was then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington took a most important part. In the memorable event of July 9, 1755, known as Brad- dock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinctior. wlio escaped from the calamities of the day with life and lionor. The other aids of Braddock were disabled early in the action, and Washington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says: "I had four bullet.s through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was levelin j my companions on every side." An Indian sharpshooter said he was not i)orn to be killed by a bullet, for he had taken direct aim at him seventeen times, and failed to hit him. .\fter having been five years in the military service, and vainly sought promotion in the royal ami)', he look advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the expulsion of the French from the valley of the Ohio, to resign his commission. Soon after he entered the Legislature, where, although not a leader, he took an active and imijortant part. January 17, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy widow of John Parke Custis. When the British Parliament had closed the port ^f Boston, the cry went up throughout the provinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at the suggestion of Virginia, that a Con- gress of all the colonies was called to meet at Phila- delphia.Sept. 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties, peaceably if possible. To this Congress Col. Wash- ington was sent as a delegate. On May 10, 1775, the Congress re-assembled, when the hostile intentions of England were plainly apparent. The battles of Con- cord and Lexington had been fought. Among the first acts of this Congress was the election of a com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This high and responsible office was conferred ui)on Washington, who was still a memberof the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect Congress lo pay them and nothing more. It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of Washington, lo whom the fortunes and liberties of the people of this country were so long confided. The war was conducted by him under ever)' possible disadvantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years of heroic devotion and matchless skill he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On Dec. 23, 1783, Washington, in a parting address of surpassing beauty, resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the army to to the Continental Congress sitting al Annajxjlis. He retired immediately to Mount Vernon and resumed his occupation as a farmer and planter, shunning all connection with public life. In February, 1 7 89, Washington was unanimously elected President. In his presidential career he was subject to the peculiar trials incidental to a new government ; trials from lack of confidence on the part of other governments ; trials from want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the impoverished condition of the country, owmgto the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of party strife. He was no ])artisan. His clear judgment could discern the golden mean; and while perhaps this alone kept our government from sinking at the very outset, it left him exposed to attacks from both sides, which were often bitter and very annoying. At the expiration of his first term he was unani- mously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutely refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, at the expiraton of his second term as Presi- dent, he returned lo his home, hoiiing to pass there his few remaining yeais free from the annoyances of l)ul)lic life. Later in the year, however, his repose seemed likely to be interrupted by war with France. At the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take command of the armies. He chose his sub- ordinate officers and left to them the charge of mat- ters in the field, which he superintended from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was necessary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December 12, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling in ivs throat, produced inflammation, and terminated fatally on the niglit of the fourteenth. On the eigh- teenth his body was borne wi'h military honors to its final resting place, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon. Of the character of Washington it is impossible to speak but in terms of the highest respect and ad- miration. The more we see of the operations of our government, and the more deeply we feel the difficulty of uniting all opinions in a common interest, the more highly we must estimate the force of his tal- ent and character, which have been able to challenge the reverence of all parties, and principles, and na- tions, and lo win a fame as extended as the limits of the globe, and which we cannot but believe will be as lasting as the existence of man. The person of Washington was unusally tan, erect and well proportioned. His muscular strength was great. His features were -of a beautiful symmetry. He commanded respect without any a|.pearance of haughtiness, and ever serious without being dull. '^^m J dam. i/ SECOND Pi^ESJDENT. ■^imr- -^»»- e^ vvv'-?T¥vrr¥*r+-T*v-v- .^a<& ■ v-i- r V-+- V •■(.••+•*+■ '+•>■•■(■"+••+• V Y V -i ^. JOIIIX .i\j3AI>:ia *»«■•*€*»*"' w o e •t ■. .t. A .t,.t..t. .t.A.t. .t. ■■i-..t,.t„-i;. .■faf..t...t A . .... . %,- err C/ ■-.'j-^.l ^^^ ADAMS, the second '"., President and the first Vice- President of the United Slates, •jA^^^^^^-wJ was born in Braintree (now ,, Quincy ),Mass., and alwut ten '*■ miles from Boston, Oct. 19, 1735. His great-grandfatlier, Henry Adams, emigrated from England about 1640, with a family of eight sons, and settled at Braintree. The parents of John were John and Susannah (Boylston) Adams, His father was a farmer of limited means, to which he added the bus- iness of shoemaking. He gave his eldest son, John, a classical educa- tion at Harvard College. John graduated in 1755, and at once took charge of the school in Worcester, Mass. This he found but a 'sci.ool of affliction," from which h-.' endeavored to gain relief by devoting himself, in addition, to the study of law. For this pur[X)se he placed himself under the tuition of the only lawyer in the town. He had thought seriously of the clerical profession but seems to have been turned from this by what he termed " the frightful engines of ecclesiastical coun- cils, of dialolical malice, and Calvanistic good nature,'' of the operations of which he h.id been a witness in his native town. He was well fitted for tlie legal •jiTofession, possessing a clear, sonorous voice, being ready and fluent of s[)eech, and having quick percej>- :iv3 lowers. He gradually gained practice, and in -64 m.irried .Abigail Smith, a daughter of a minister, 'i .1 l.idy iif sviperior intelligence. Shortly after liis irriaj.^e, (ly^ij), the attempt of Parliamentar)' taxa- 'ion turned him from l.iw to i)olitics. He look initial steps toward holdir.p :\ town meeting, and the resolu- tions he offered on the subject became very populai throughout the Province, and were adopted word for word by over forty different towns. He moved to Bos ton in 176S, and became one of the most courageous and prominent advocatesof the popular cause, and A'as chosen a member of the General Court (the Leg- lislature) in 1770. Mr. Adams was chosen one of the first delegates from Massachusetts to the first Continental Congress, which met in 1774. Here he distinguished himselt by his capacity for business and for debate, and ad- vocated the movement for independence against the majority of the members. In May, 1776, he moved and carried a resolution in Congress that the Colonies should assume the duties of self-government. He was a prominent member of the committee of vive appointed June ri, to prejiare a declaration of inde- pendence. This article was drawn by Jefferson, but on Adams devolved the task of battling it through Congress in a three days debate. On the day after the Declaration of Independence was passed, while his soul was yet warm with th? glow of e.\< ited feeling, he wrote a letter to his wile which, as we read it now, seems to have been dictated by the spirit of prophecy. "Yesterday," he says,"t'.ie greatest question was decided that ever was debated in .'Nnierica; and greater, (jerhaps, never was or wil be decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, ' that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and inde- pendent states.' The day is passed. The fourtli of July, 1776, will be a memorable ejoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations, as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devoiinn to .Mmighty God. It ought to be solemnized with pomp, shows. 24 JOHN ADAMS. games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward for ever. You will think me transported with entliusiasm, but I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and blood and treasure, that it will cost to maintain this declaration, and support and defend these States; yet, through all the gloom, I can see.the rays of light and glory. I can see that the end is worth more than all the means; and that posterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which I hojje we shall not." In November, 1777, Mr. Adams was appointed a delegate to France and to co-operate with Bemjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, who were then in Paris, in the endeavor to obtain assistance in arms and money from the French Government. This was a severe trial to his patriotism, as it separated him from his home, compelled him to cross the ocean in winter, and ex- posed him to great peril of capture by the British cruis- ers, who were seeking him. He left France June 17, 1779. In September of the same year he was again chosen to go to Paris, and there hold himself in readi- ness to negotiate a treaty of peace and of commerce with Great Britian, as soon as the British Cabinet might be found willing to listen to such pvoposels. He sailed for France in November, from there he went to Holland, where he negotiated important loans and formed important commercial treaties Finally a treaty of peace with England was signed Jan. 21, 1783. The re-action from the excitement, toil and anxiety through whith Mr. Adams had passed threw him into a fever. After suffering from a con- tinued fever and becoming feeble and emaciated he was advised to go to England to drink the waters of B.uh. While in England, still drooping anddesixsnd- ing, he received dispatches from his own government urging the necessity of his going to .'Vmsterdam to negotiate another loan. It was winter, his health was delicate, yet he immediately set out, and through storm, on sea, on horseback and foot,hemade the trip. February 24, 1785; Congress appointed Mr. Adams envoy to the Court of St. James. Here he met face to face the King of England, who had so long re- garded him as a traitor. As England did not condescend to apiwint a minister to the United States, and as Mr. .\dams felt that he. was accom- plishing but little, he sought permission to return to nis own country, where he arrived in June, 1788. When Washington was first chosen President, John Adains, rendered illustiious by his signal services at home and abroad, was chosen Vice President. Again at the second election of Washington as President, Adams was chosen Vice President. In 1796, Wash- ington retired from public life, and Mr. Adams was elected President,though not without much opposition. Serving in this office four years, he was succeeded by Mr. Jefferson, his opponent in politics. While Mr. Adams was Vice President the great French Revolution shook the continent of Europe, and it was upon this point which he was at issue with the majority of his countrymen led by Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Adams felt no sympathy with the French people in tjieir struggle, for he had no confidence in their power of self-government, and he utterly abhored the classof atheist philosophers who he claimed caused it. On the other hand Jefferson's sympathies were strongly enlisted in behalf of the French people. Hence or- iginated the alienation between these distinguished men, and two powerful parties were thus soon organ- ized, Adams at the head of the one whose sympathies were with England and Jefferson led the other in sympathy with France. The world has seldom seen a spectacle of more moral beauty and grandeur, than was presented by the old age of Mr. Adams. The violence of party feeling had died away, and he had begun to receive that just appreciation which, to most men, is not accorded till after death. No one could look upon his venerable form, and think of what he had done and suffered, and how he had given up all the prime and strength of his life to the public good, without the deepest emotion of gratitude and respect. It was his peculiar good fortune to witness the complete success of the institution which he had been so active in creating and supporting. In 1824, his cup of hajipiness was filled to the brim, by seeing his son elevated to the highest station in the gift of the people. The fourth of July, 1826, which completed the half century since the signing of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, arrived, and there were but three of the signers of that immortal instrument left upon the earth to hail its morning light. And, as it is well known, on that day two of these finished their earthly pilgrimage, a coincidence so remarkable as to seem miraculous. For a few days before Mr. Adams had been rapidly failing, and on the morning of the fourth he found himself too weak to rise from his bed. On being requested to name a toast for the customary celebration of the day, he exclaimed " In- dependence FOREVER." When the day was ushered in, by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, he was asked by one of his attendants if he knew what day it was? He replied, "O yes; it is the glor- ious fourth of July — God l)less it — God bless you all." In tlie course of the day he said, "It is a great and glorious day." The last words he uttered were, 1 "Jefferson survives." But he had, at one o'clock, re- f signed his spitit into the hands of his God. The personal appearance and manners of Mr. Adams were not particularly preiwssessing. His face, as his portrait manifests.was intellectual ard expres- sive, but his figure was low and ungraceful, and his manners were frequently abrupt and uncourteous. He had neither the lofty dignity of Washington, nor tlie engaging elegance and gracefulness which marked the manners and address of Tefferson. 't/7l-. THIRD PRESIDENT. 27 |_ -ni D MA S .IE PPE B S D n. •i) HOMAS JEFFERSON was born April 2, 1743, at Shad- ^well, Albermarle county, Va. His iiarcnts were Peter and Jane ( Randolph) Jefferson, the Ibriner a native of Wales, and the latter born in Lon- don. To them were born si.\ daughters and two sons, of whom Thomas was the elder. When 14 years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, hav- ing been kept diligently at school from the time he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William tnd Mary College. Williamsburg was then the scat of the Colonial Court, and it was the obodeof fashion a. id splendor. Young Jefferson, who was then 17 years old, lived somewhat expensively, keeping fine horses, and much caressed by gay society, yei lie was earnestly devoted to his studies, and irre))roatha- able in his morals. It is strange, however, under such influences,that he was not ruined. In the sec- ond year of his college course, moved by some un- explained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had l)reviou5ly given much time. He often devoted fifteen hoii!-s a day to haid study, allowing himself for ex- ercise only a run in tlie evening twilight of a mile out of the city and back again. He thus attained very high intellectual culture, alike excellence in philoso- phy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Clreek authors he read with facility. .\ more finished scholar has seldom gone forth from college halls; and T- there was not to be found, perhaps, in all Virginia, a more pureminded, upright, gentlemanly young man. Immediately upon leaving college he began the study of law. For the short time he continued in the practice of his profession he rose rapidly and distin- guished himself by his energy and accuteness as a lawyer. But the times called for greater action. The policy of England had awakened the spirit of resistance of the American Colonies, and the enlarged views which Jeffer-,on had ever entertained, soon led him into active [wlitical life. In 1769 he waschoser a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha .Skelton, a very oeauti- tul, wealthy and highly accomplished young widow Upon Nfr. Jefferson's large estate at Shadwell, tharc was a majestic swell of land, c.illed Moiaicello, which commanded a prospect of wonderful extent and beauty. This spot Mr. Jefferson selected for his new home; and here he reared a m.msion of modest ye* eiegant architecture, which, ne.\t to Mount Vernon became the most distinguished resort in our land. In 1775 he was sent to the Colonial Congress where, though a silent member, his abilities as a writer and a reasoner soon become known, and he was ;;laced ujon a number of im|X)rtant committees, and was chairman of the one appointed for the draw- ing up of a declaration of i^idependence. This com- miltee consisted of Tho.nas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. JeTerson, as chairman, was apiwintcd to draw up the jwper. Franklin and .Adams suggested a few verbal < hances before it was submitted to Con- gress. On June 28, a few slight changes were made in it by Congress, and it was passed and signed July 4, 1776 Wh,ii must have been the feelings of that 28 THOMAS JEFFERSON. man — what the emotions that swelled his breast — who was charged with the preparation of that Dec- laration, wiiich, while it made known the wrongs of America, «as also to publish her to the world, free, (iovcrign and independent. It is one of the most re- markable papers ever written ; and did no other effort \,i the mind of its author exist, that alone would be sufficient to stamp his name with immortality. In 1779 Mr. Jefferson was elected successor to Patrick Heniy, ;.s Governor of Virginia. At one time the British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Moniicello, to capture the Governor. Scarcely five minutes elapsed after the hurried escape of Mr. Jef- ferson and his family, ere his mansion was in posses- sion of the British troops. His wife's health, never very good, was much injured by this excitement, and in the summer of 1782 she died. Mr. Jefferson was elected to Congress in 1783. Two ye irs later he was appointed Minister Plenipo- tentiary to France. Returning to the United States in September, 1789, he became Secretary of State in Washington's cabinet. This position he resigned Jan. r, 1794. In 1797, he was chosen Vice Presi- dent, and four years later was elected President over Mr. Adams, with Aaron Burr as Vice President. In 1804 he was re-elected with wonderful unanimity, and George Clinton, Vice President. The early part of Mr. Jefferson's second adminstra- tion was disturbed by an event which threatened the tranquility and peace of the Union; this was the con- spiracy of Aaron Burr. Defeated in the late election to the Vice Presidency, and led on by an unprincipled ambition, this extraordinary man formed the plan of a military expedition into the Spanish territories on our southwestern frontier, for the purpose of forming tliere a new republic. This has been generally supposed was a mere pretext ; and although it has not been generally known what his real plans were, there is no doubt that they were of a far more dangerous character. In 1809, at the expiration of the second term for which Mr. Jefferson had been elected, he determined to retire from political life. For a period of nearly forty years, he had been continually before the pub- lic, and all that time had been employed in offices of the greatest trust and responsibility. Having thus de- voted the best part of his life to the service of his country, he now felt desirous of that rest which his declining years required, and upon the organization of the new administration, in March, 1809, he b'd fare- well forever to public life, and retired to Monticelio. Mr. Jefferson was profuse in his hospitality. Whole families came in their coaches with their horses, — fathers and mothers, boys and girls, babies and nurses, — and remained three and even six months. Life at Monticelio, for years, resembled that at a fashionable watering-place. The fourth of July, 1826, being the fiftieth anniver- sary of the Declaration of American Independence; great preparations were made in every part of tlv; Union for its celebration, as the nation's jubilee, and the citizens of Washington, to add to the solemnity of the occasion, invited Mr. Jefferson, as the framer. and one of the few surviving signers of the Declara- tion, to participate in their festivities. But an ill- ness, whicli had been of several weeks duration, and had been continually increasing, compelled him to decline the invitation. On the second of July, the disease under which he was laboring left him, but in such a reduced state that his medical attendants, entertained nc hope of his recovery. From this time he was perfectly sensible that his last hour was at hand. On the nex", d;iy, which was Monday, he asked of those around him, the day of the month, and on being told it was the third of July, he expressed the earnest wish tha. he might be permitted to breathe the airof the fiftieth anniversary. His prayer was heard — that day, whose dawn was hailed with such rapture through our land, burst upon his eyes, and then they were closed for- ever. And what a noble consummation of a noble life! To die on that day, — the birthday of a nation,- - the day v/hich his own name and his own act had rendered glorious; to die amidst the rejoicings and festivities of a whole nation, who looked up to him, as the author, under God, of their greatest blessings, was all that was wanting to fill up the record his life. Almost at the same hour of his death, the kin- dred spirit of the venerable Adams, as if to bear him company, left the scene of his earthly honors. Hand in hand they had stood forth, tlie chanqiionsof freedom; hand in liand, during the dark and desper- ate struggle of the Revolution, they had cheered and animated their desponding countrymen; for half a century they had labored together for the good of the country; and now hand in hand they depart. In their lives they had been united in the same great cause of liberty, and in their deaths they were not divided. In person Mr. Jefferson was tall and thin, rather above six feet in height, but well formed; his eyes were light, his hair originally red, in after life became white and silvery; his complexion was fair, his fore head broad, and his whole countenance intelligent and thoughtful. He jwssessed great fortitude of mind as well as personal courage; and his command of tem- per was such that his oldest and most intimate friends never recollected to have seen him in a passion. His manners, though dignified, were simple and un- affected, and his hospitality was so unbounded that all found at his house a ready welcome. In conver- sation he was fluent, eloquent and enthusiastic; and his language was remarkably pure and correct. He was a finislied classical scholar, and in his writings is discernable the care with which he formed his styU- upon the i)est models of antiquity. %. \"i'.. / (Z^x-^^ ^^yt^ i*eake but 15 years after the settle- ment of Jamestown. The father of James Madison was an opulent planter, residing upon a very fine es- tate called "Montpelier," Orange Co., Va. The mansion was situated in the midst of scenery highly pictur- esque and romantic, on the west side of .South-west Mountain, at the foot of Blue Ridge. It was but 25 miles from the home of Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and |iolitical attachment existed between these illustrious men, from their early youth until death. The early education of Mr. Madison was conducted mostly at home under a private tutor. At the age of 18 he was sent to Princeton College, in New Jersey. Here he applied himself to study with the most im- prudent zeal; allowing himself, for months, but three hours' sleep out of the 24. His health thus became so seriously impaired that he never recovered any vigor of constitution. He graduated in 177 i. with a feeble body, with a character of utmost purity, and with a mind highly disciplined and richly stored with learning which embellished .md gave proficiency to his subsf (pient career. Returning to Virginia, he conimenced the study of law and a course of extensive and systematic reading. 'I'his educational course, the spirit of the times in which he lived, and the society with which he asso- ciated, all combined to inspire him with a strong love of liberty, and to train him for his life-work o( a statesman. Being naturally of a religious turn of mind, and his frail health leading him to think that his life was not to be long, he directed esjiccial atten- tion to theological studies. Endowed with a mmd singularly free from passion and prejudice, and with almo.-rt uneciualled powers of reasoning, he weighed all the arguments for and against revealed religion, until his faith became so established as never to be shaken. In the spring of 1776, when 26 years of age, he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention, to frame the constitution of the State. The next year (1777), he was a candidate for the General .Assembly. He refused to treat the whisky-lovir.g voters, and consequently Ljsi his election ; but those who had witnessed the i.ileiit, energy and public spirit of the modest young man, enlisted themselves in his behalf, and he was app»iiited to the EnccuHvc Council. Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were Governors of Virginia while Mr. Madison remained member of fnc Cidiiicil ; and their appreciaiiou of his 32 JAMES AIADISON. intellectual, social and moral worth, contributed not a little to his subsequent eminence. In the year 1780, he was elected a member of the Continental Congress. Here he met the most illustrious men in our land, and he was immediately assigned to one of the most consfncuous positions among them. I'or three years Mr. Madison continued in Con- gress, one of its most active and influential members. In the year 1784, his term having expired, he was elected a member of the Virginia Legislature. No man felt more deeply than Mr. Madison the utter inefficiency of the old confederacy, with no na- tional government, with no power to form treaties which would be binding, or to enforce law. There was not any State more prominent than Virginia in the declaration, that an efficient national government must be formed. In January, 1786, Mr. Madison carried a resolution through the General Assembly of Virginia, inviting the other States to appoint commis- sioners to meet in convention at Annapolis to discuss this subject. Five States only were represented, 'i'he convention, however, issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison, urging all the States to send their delegates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draft a Constitution for the United States, to take the place of that Confederate League. The delegates met at the time appointed. Every State but Rhode Island i^as represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention; and the present Consti- tution of the United States was then and there formed. There was, perhaps, no mind and no pen more ac- tive in framing this immortal document than the mind and the pen of James Madison. The Constitution, adopted by a vote 81 to 79, was to be presented to the several States for acceptance. But grave solicitude was felt. Should it be rejected we should be left l>ut a conglomeration of independent States, with but little power at home and little respect abroad. Mr. Madison was selected by the conven- tion to draw up an address to the people of the United States, expounding the principles of the Constitution, and urging its adoi)tion. There was great opposition to it at first, but it at length triumphed over all, and went into effect in 1789. Mr.Madison was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives in the first Congress, and soon became the avowed leader of the Republican party. While in New York attending Congress, he met Mrs Todd, a young widow of remarkable jxjwer of fascination, whom he luarried. She was in person and character queenly, and probably no lady has thus far occujiied so prominent a position in the very peculiar society which has constituted our republican court as Mrs. Madison. Mr. Madison served as Secretary of State under Jefferson, and at the close of his administiation was chosen President. At this time the encroach- ments of England had brought us to the verge of war. British orders in council destioyed our commerce, and our flag was exposed to constant insult. Mr. Madison was a man of peace. Scholarly in his taste, retiring in his disposition, war had no ch^irms for him. But the meekest siiirit can be roused. It makes one's blood boil, even now, to think of an American ship brought to, upon the ocean, by the guns of an English cruiser. A young lieutenant steps on board and orders the crew to be paraded before him. With great nonchal- ance he selects any number whom he may please to designate as British subjects; orders them down the ship's side into his boat; and places them on the gun- deck of his man-of-war, to fight, by compulsion, the battles of England. This right of searcli and im- pressment, no efforts of our Government could induce the British cabinet to relinquish. _ On the i8th of June, 1812, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Britain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and Mr. Madison, on the 4th of March, 1813, was re-elected by a large majority, and entered upon his second term of office. This is not the place to describe the various adventures of this war on the land and on the water. Our infan. navy then laid the foundations of its renown in grap- pling with the most formidable power which ever swept the seas. The contest commenced in earnest by the appearance of a British fleet, early in February, 1S13, in Chesapeake Bay, declaring nearly the whole coast of the United States under blockade. The Emperor of Russia off"ered his services as me ditator. America accepted ; England refused. A Brit- ish forte of five thousand men landed on the banks of the Patuxet River, near its entrance into Chesa- peake Bay, and marched rapid!)-, by way of Bladens- burg, ui)on Washington. The straggling little city of Washington was thrown into consternation. The cannon of the brief conflict at Bladensburg echoed through the streets of the metropolis. The whole population fled from the city. The President, leaving Mrs. Madison in the White House, with her carriage drawn up at the doer to await his speedy return, hurried to meet the officers in a council of war He met our troops utterly routed, and he could not go back without danger of being captured. But few hours elapsed ere the Presidential Mansion, the Capitol, and all the public buildings in Washington were in flames. Tiie war closed after two years of fighting, and on Feb. 13, i8i5,the treaty of peace was signed at Ghent. On the 4th of March, 1817, his second term of office expired, and he resigned the Presidential chair to his friend, James Monroe. He retired to his beau- tiful home at Montpelier, and there passed the re- mainder of his days. On June ;8, 1836, then at the age of 85 years, he fell asleep in death. Mrs. Madi- son died July 12, 1849. ...^^ 7 ^^^^ FIFTH J'RESIDENT. 35 ^. ^^Aj^^ly^^^S^ ! ^.,^ 7iinm imiim. ■^ ri^i AMES MONROE, the fifth . Presidtntof The United States, was born in Westmoreland Co., Va., April 28, 1758. His early life was passed at the place of nativity. His ancestors had for many years resided in the prov- ince in which he was born. AVhen, I at 17 years of age, in the process of coni[)leting his education at A'iliiam and Mary College, the Co- inial Congress assembled at I'hila- iclphia to deliberate i\[K>n the un- just and manifold oppressions of (Ireat Britian, declared the separa- tion of the Colonies, and promul- gated the Declaration of Indepen- dence. Had he been Iwrn ten years before it is highly probable that he would have been one of the signers of that celebrated instrument. At this time he left school and enlisted among the patriots. He joined the army when everything looked hope- less and gloomy. The number of deserters increased from day to day. The invading armies came iH)uring in ; and the tones not only favored the cause of the mother country, but disliearlened tlie new recruits, who were sufficiently terrified at the prospect of con- tanding with an enemy whom they had been taught to deem invincible. To such brave spirits as James Monroe, who went right onward, undismayed through difficulty and danger, the United States owe their |x>litical emancipation. The young cadet joined the ranks, and es|)ou^icd the cause of his injured country, with a firm delennination to live or die with her strife for liberty. Firmly yet sadly he shared in the mel- ancholy retreat from Harleam Heights and White Plains, and accompanied the dispirited army as it fled before its foes through Xew Jersey. In four months after the Declaration of Independence, the patriots had been beaten in seven battles. At the battle of Trenton he led the vanguard, and, in the act of charg- ing uixjn the enemy he received a wound in the left shoulder. As a reward for his braver)', Mr. Monroe was pro- moted a captain of infantry; and, having recovered from his wound, he rejoined the army. He, however, receded from the line of promotion, by becoming an ofTicer in the staff of Ijord Sterling. During the cam- paigns of 1777 and J77S, in the actions of Brandy wine, Germantown and Monmouth, he continued aid-decamp; but becoming desirous to regain his [xjsition in the army, he exerted hiinself to collect a regiment for the Virginia line. This scheme failed owing to the exhausted condition of the State. Upon this failure he entered the office of Mr. Jefferson, at that period Governor, and pursued, with considerable ardor, the study of common law. He did not, however, entirely lay aside the knapsack for the green bag; but on the invasions of the enemy, served as avolun teer, during the two years of his legal pursuits. In 17S2, he was elected from King (George county, a member of the Lcglislature of Virginia, and by that Ixxiy he was elevated to a seat in the Executive Council. He was thus honored with the confidence of his fellow citizens at 23 years of age ; and having at this early peiiod displayed some of that ability and aptitude for legislation, which were afterwards employed with unremiitii-g energy for the i)ublic j-ood, 36 JAMES MONROE. he was in the succeeding year chosen a member of the Congress of the United States. Deeplyas Mr. Moiuoefelt the imperfections of the old Confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, ihinking, with many others of the Republican party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. Still he re- tained the esteem of his friends who were its warm su[)porters, and who, notwithstanding his opposition secured its adoption. In 1789, he became a member of the United States Senate; which office he held for four years. Every month the line of distinction be- tween the two great parties which divided the nation, the Federal and the Republican, was growing more distinct. The two prominent ideas which now sep- arated them were, that the Republican party was in sympathy with France, and also in favor of such a strict construction of the Constitution as to give the Central Government as little power, and the State (jovernmentsas much power, as the Constitution would warrant. The Federalists sympathized with England, and were in favor of a liberal construction of tlie Con- stitution, which would give as much power to the Central Government as that document could possibly authorize. The leading Federalists and Republicans were alike noble men, consecrating all their energies to the good of the nation. Two more honest men or more pure patriots than John Adams the Federalist, and James Monroe the Republican, never breathed. In building up this majestic nation, which is destined to eclipse all Grecian and Assyrian greatness, the com- bination of their antagonism was needed to create the light equilibrium. And yet each in his day was de- nounced as almost a demon. Washington was then President. England had es- poused the cause of the Bourbons against the princi- ples of the French Revolution. All Europe was drawn into the conflict. We were feeble and far away. Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our liberties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from a tyranny a tlrousand-fold worse than that which we had endured. Col. Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that, at whatever hazard, we should help our old allies in their extremity. It was the impulse of a generous and noble nature. He violently opposed the Pres- ident's proclamation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, d2veloi)ed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness, by appointing that very James Monroe, who was de- nouncing the policy of the Government, as the minister of that Government to the Republic of France. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the National Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations. Shortly after' his return to this country, Mr. Mon- roe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held the office for three yeais. He was again sent to France to co-operate with Chancellor Livingston in obtaining the vast territory then known as the Province of Louisiana, which France had but shortly before ob- tained from Spain. Their united efforts were suc- cessful. For the comparatively small sum of fifteen millions of dollars, the entire territory of Orleans and district of Louisiana were added to the United States. This was probably the largest transfer of real estate which was ever made in all the histor)' of the world From France Mr. Monroe went to England to ob- tain from that country some recognition of our rights as neutrals, and to remonstrate against those odious impressments of our seamen. But Eng- land was unrelenting. He again returned to Eng- land on the same mission, but could receive no redress. He returned to his home and was again chosen Governor of Virginia. This he soon resigned to accept the position of Secretary of State under Madison. While in this office war with England was declared, the Secretary of War resigned, and during these trj'ing times, the duties of tlie \Var Department were also put upon him. He was truly the armor- bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. Upon the return of peace he resigned the Department of War, but con- tinued in tlie office of Secretary of State until the ex- piration of Mr. Madison's adminstration. At the elec tion held the previous autumn Mr. Monroe himself had been chosen President with but little opjxisition, and upon ALarch 4, 1817, was inaugurated. Four years later he was elected for a second term. Ainong the important measures of his Presidency were the cession of Florida to the United States; the Missouri Compromise, and the " Monroe doctrine.'' This famous doctrine, since known as the " Monroe doctrine," was enunciated by him in 1823. At that time the United States had recognized the independ- ence of the South American states, and did not wish to have European powers longer attempting to sub- due portions of the American Continent. The doctrine is as follows: "That we should consider anyattetnpt on tlie part of European powers to extend their sys- tem to any portion of this hemisijhere as dangerous to our peace and safety," and "that we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces in any other light than as a manifestation by European powers of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." This doctrine immediately affected the course of foreign governments, and has become the approved sentiment of the L^nited States. At the end of his second term Mr Monroe retired to his home in Virginia, where he lived until 1830, when he went to New York to live with his son-in- law. In that city he died, on the 4th of July, 1831 1 5, Ai (iyn^ SIXTH PRESIDENT. 39 f^ ^..^//:\A>;:^ib. ^1 ^'^vN^^y^^ •^^^Stl i 'I OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the •^sixih President of the United *, "|>Si,ues, was born in the rural :< y home of his honored father, '■ 1^ John Adams, in Qaincy, Mass., v:v on tiie I ith of July, 1767. His y" mother, a woman of exalted _c) worth, watched over his childhood I 1 (lurin[5 the almost constant ah- . ^ ^ V scnce of liis father. Wiien but firi^V^" eight years of age, he stood with •■ .>,-\ • rA *' his mother on an eminence, listen- ing to the booming of the great bat- tle on Bunker's Hill, and gazing on u()on the smoke and flames billow- ing up from the conflagration of Charlestown. When but eleven years old he took a tearful adieu of his mother, to sail with his fatner for Euroiie, through a fleet ot hostile British cruisers. The bright, animated boy spent a year and a half in Paiis, where his father was associated with Franklin and l,ee as minister pleniiiotentiar)'. His intelligence attracted the notice of these distinguished men, and he received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. John Adams had scarcely returned to this cou.'.tn,', in 1779, ere he was again sent abroad. Again •'oi..i Quincy accompanied his father. At Paris he applied himself with great diligence, for six months, to ..'udy; then accompaincd his father to Holland, v/here he entered, first a school in .Amsterdam, then the I'niversity at I.eyden. .Alwnit a year from this time, in 1781, when the manly 1 oy was but fourteen yea-sof age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our min- ister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. In this school of incessant lalxir and of enobling culture he spent fourteen months, and then returned to Holland through Swe*J^t^f^VV*^ NDRRW JACKSON, the seventh President of the L'nited States, was born in '( Waxhaw settlement, N. C, ' Marcli 15, 1767, a few days after his father's death. His parents were jxwr emigrants from Ireland, and took up their abode in Waxhaw set- tlement, where they lived in deepest (wverty. Andrew, or Andy, as he was universally called, grew up a very rough, rude, turbulent boy. His features were coarse, his form un- gainly; and there was but very little in his character, made visible, which was at- tia. live. When only thirteen years old he joined the volun- teers of Carolina against the British invasion. In 17S1, he and his brother Robert were captured and iniijrisoned for a time at Camden. A British officer ordered him to brush his mud-spattered boots. " I am a prisoner of war, not your servant," was the reply of the dauntless boy. Tiic brute drew his sword, and aimed a desperate Dlow at the head of the helpless young prisoner. Andrew raised his hand, and thus received two fear- ful gashes, — one on the hand and the other ujxjn the head. The officer then turned to his brother Robert with the same demand. He also refused, and re- ceived a blow from the keen-edged sabre, which (juile disabled him, and which probably soon after caused hisdeath. They suffered muchother ill-treatment, and were finally stricken with the small-jjox. Their mother was successful in obtaining their exchange. and took her sick boys home. After a long iilnjsE .\ndrew recovered, and the death of his mother >oon left him entirely friendless. Andrew sup[X>rted himself in various ways, s i;h as working at the saddler's trade, teaching school and clerking in a general store, until 1784, when he entered a law office at Salisbury, N. C. He, however, gave more attention to the wild amusements of the times than to his studies. In 1788, he was apjiointed solicitor for the western district of North Carolina, of which Tennessee was then a part. This involved many long and tedious journeys amid dangers of every kind, but Andrew Jackson never knew fear, and the Indians had no desire to repeat a skirmish witti the Sharp Knife. In 1791, Mr. Jackson was married to a woman who supposed herself divorced from her former husband. Great was the surprise of both parties, two years later, to find that the conditions of the divorce had just beetj definitely settled by the first husband. The marriage ceremony was performed a second time, but the occur- rence was often used by his enemies to bring Mr. Jackson into disfavor. During these years he worked hard at his profes- sion, and frequently had one or more duels on hand, one of which, when he killed Dickenson, was espec- ially disgraceful. In January, 1796, the Territory of Tennessee then containing nearly eighty thousand inhabitants, the people met in convention at Knoxville to frame a con- stitution. Five were sent from each of the eleven counties. Andrew Jackson was one of the delega'es. The new State was entitled to but one member in. the National House of Representatives. .Andrew Jack- son was chosen that member. Mounting his horse he rode to Philedelphia, where Congress then held its 44 AJSTDRE IV JACKSON. sessions, — ^a distance of about eight hundred miles. Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Deuio- cratic pirty. Jefferson was his idol. He admired lionaparle, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, Gan. Washington, whose second term of office was then expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve of the address, and was one of the twelve wlio voted against it. He was not willing to say that Gen. Washington's adrainstration had been " wise, firm and patriotic." Mr. Jackson was elected to the United States Senate i:i 1797, but soon resigned and returned home. Soon af'.er he was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of his Slate, which position he held for six years. When the war of 18 12 witli Great Britian com- menced, Madison occupied the Presidential chair. Aaron B.irr sent word to the President that there was an unknown man in the West, Andrew Jackson, who •• ould do credit to a commission if one were con- ferred u[X)n him. Just at that time Gen. Jackson offeied his services and those of twenty-five hundred volunteers. His offer was accepted, and the troops were assembled at Nashville. As the British were hourly e-xpected to make an at- tack upon New Orleans, where Gen, Wilkinson was in command, he was ordered to descend the river with fifteen hundred troops to aid Wilkinson. The expedition reached Natchez; and after a delay of sev- eral weeks there, without accomplishing anything, the men were ordered back to their homes. But the energy Gen. Jackson had displayed, and his entire devotion to the comrfort of his soldiers, won him golden opinions ; and he became the most popular man in the State. It was in this expedition that his toughness gave him the nickname of " Old Hickory." Soon after this, while attempting to horsewhip Col. Thomas H. Benton, for a remark that gentleman made about his taking a part as second in a duel, in which a younger brotiier of Benton's was engaged, he received two severe pistol wounds. While he was lingering upon a bed of suffering news came that the Iidians, who had combined under Tecumseh from Florida to the Lakes, to exterminate the white set- tlers, were committing the most awful ravages. De- cisive action became necessary. Gen. Jackson, with his fractured bone just beginning to heal, his arm in a sling, and unable to mount his horse without assis- tance, gave his amazing energies to the raising of an army to rendezvous at Fayettesville, Alaliania. The Creek Indians had established a strong forton one of the bends of the Tallapoosa River, near the cen- ter of Alabama, about fifty miles below Fort Strother. With an army of two thousand men. Gen. Jackson traversed the pathless wilderness in a march of eleven days. He reached their fort, called Tohopeka or Horse-shoe, on the 27th of March. 1814. The bend of the river enclosed nearly one hundred acres of tangled forest and wild ravine. Across the narrow neck the Indians had constructed a formidable breast- work of logs and brush. Here nine hundred warriors, with an ample suply of arms were assembled. The fort was stormed. The fight was utterly des- perate. Not an Indian would accept of quarter. When bleeding and dying, they would fight those who en- deavored to spare their lives. From ten in the morn- ing until dark, the battle raged. The carnage was awful and revolting. Some threw themselves into the river; but the unerring bullet struck their heads as they swam. Nearly everyone of the nine hundred war- rios were killed A few probably, in the night, swam the river and escaped. This ended the war. The l)ower of the Creeks was broken forever. This bold plunge into the wilderness, with its terriffic slaughter, so appalled the savages, that the haggard remnants of the bands caine to the camp, begging for peace. This closing of the Creek war enabled us to con- centrate all our militia ujxjn the British, who were the allies of the Indians No man of less resolute will than Gen. Jackson could have conducted this Indian campaign to so successful an issue Immediately he was appointed major-general. Late in .\ugust, with an army of two thousand men, on a rushing march. Gen. Jackson came to Mobile. A British fleet came from Pensacola, landed a force upon the beach, anchored near the little fort, and from both ship and shore commenced a furious assault The battle was long and doubtful. At length one of the ships was blown up and the rest retired. Garrisoning Mobile, where he had taken his little army, he moved his troops to New Orleans, And the battle of New Orleans which soon ensued, was in reality a very arduous campaign. This won for Gen. Jackson an imperishable name. Here his ■ troops, which numbered about four thousand men, won a signal victory over the British army of about nine thousand. His loss was but thirteen, while the loss of the British was two thousand six hundred. The name of Gen. Jackson soon began to be men- tioned in connection with the Presidency, but, in 1824, he was defeated by Mr. Adams. He was, however, successful in the election of 1828, and was re-elected for a second term in 1832. In 1829, just before he assumed the reins of the government, he met with the most terrible affliction of his life in the death of his wife, whom he had loved with a devotion which has perhaps never been surpassed. From the shock of her death he never recovered. His administration was one of the most memorable in the annals of our country; a])plauded by one party, condemned by the other. No man had more bitter enemies or warmer friends. At the expiration of his two terms of office he retired to the Hermitage, where he died June 8, 1845. The last years of ^Ir. Jack- son's life were that of a devoted Christian man. O 7 J^Ur^ .^-i^jU^^^z.,^ EIGHTH PRESIDENT. 4? 0. (^ llJylltTII] Y^Il] BUItEl]. ^V^^ ARTIN VAN BUREN, the eighth President of the United States, was horn at Kinderhook, N. \'., Dec. 5, 17S2. He died at tlie same place, July 24, 1862. His body rests in the cemetery at Kinderhook. Above it is a plain jjranite shaft liftccn feet high, bearing a simple inscription about hall way up on one face. The lot is unfenced, unboideied or unbounded by shrub or flower. There is but little in the life of M.-irtin Van Buren of romantic interest. He fouglu no battles, engaged in no wild adventures. Though his life was stormy in political and intellectual conflicts, and he gained many signal victories, his days passed uneventful in tliose ncidents which give zest to biography. His an- cestors, as his name indicates, were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Holland to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a fanner, residing in the old town of Kinderhook. His mother, also of Dutch lineage, was a woman of superior intel- ligence and exemplary piety. He was decidedly a precocious boy, developing un- usual activity, vigor and strength of mind. At the age of fourteen, he had finished his academic studies in his native village, and commenced tlie study of law. As he had not a collegiate education, seven years of study in a law-office were required of him before he could be admitted to the bar. Inspired witii a lofty ambition, and conscious of his (wwers, he pur- sued his studies with indefatigable industry. After spending six years in an office in his native village, he went to the city of N'ew York, and prosecuted his studies for the seventh year. In 1803, Mr. Van Buren, then twenty-one yeais of age, commenced the practice of law in his native vil- lage. The great conflict between tiie lederal and Republican party was then at its height. Mr. Van Buren was from the beginning a [xsliiician. He had, perhaps, imbibed that spirit while listenkig to the many discussions which had been carried on in his fatiier's hotel. He was in cordial sympathy with JelTerson, and earnestly and eloquently esixsused the cause of State Rights; though at tlial time the Fed- eral jiarty held the supremacy both in his town and State. His success and increasing ruputation led iiim after six years of practice, to remove to Hudson, tht county seat of his county. Here he spent seven years constantly gaining strength by contending in the courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. Just before leaving Kinderhook for Hudson, Mi. Van Buren married a lady alike distinguished for beauty and accomplishments. After twelve short years she sank into the grave, the victim of consumii- tion, leaving her husband and four sons to weep over her loss. For twenty-five years, Mr. Van Buren was an earnest, successful, assiduous lawyer. The record of those years is barren in items of public interest. Ill iSi 2, when thirty years of age, he was chosen to the State Senate, and gave his strenuous sup|x>rt to Mr. Madison's adniinstration. In 1S15, he was ap- jiointed .Attorney-General, and the next year moved to .Mbany, the capital of the State. '•Vhile he was acknowledged as one of the most piominent leaders of the Dcn)ocratic party, he had 4^ MARTIN VAN BUR EN. the moral courage to avow that true democracy did not refjuire that " universal suffrage " which admits the vile, the degraded, the ignorant, to the right of governing the State. In true consistency with his democratic principles, he contended that, while the j'.alh leading to the privilege of voting should be open lo every man without distinction, no one should be invested with that sacred prerogative, unless he were in some degree qualified for it by intelligence, virtue and some property interests in tiie welfare of the State. In 182 I he was elected a member of the United States Senate; and in the same year, he took a seat in the convention to revise the constitution of his native State. His course in this convention secured the approval of men of all parties. No one could doubt the singleness of his endeavors to promote the interests of all classes in the community. In the Senate of the United States, he rose at once to a conspicuous position as an active and useful legislator. In 1827, John Quincy Adams being then in the Presidential chair, Mr. Van Buren was re-elected to cfte Senate. He had been from the beginning a de- termined opposer of the Administration,, adopting the "State Rights" view in opposition to what was deemed the Federal proclivities of Mr. Adams. Soon after this, in 1828, he was chosen Governorof the State of New York, and accordingly resigned his seat in the Senate. Probably no one in the United States contributed so much towards ejecting John Q. Adams from the Presidential chair, and placing in it Andrew Jackson, as did Martin Van Buren. Whetlier entitled to the reputation or not, he certainly was re- garded throughout the United States as one of the most skillful, sagacious and cunning of politicians. !t was supposed that no one knew so well as he how to touch the secret spiings of action; how to pull all Ihe wires to put his machinery in motion; and how to organize a [wlitical army which would, secreily and stealthily accomplish the most gigantic results. By these powers it is said tliat he outwitted Mr. Adams, Mr. Clay, Mr. Welwter, and secured results which few thought then could be accomplished. When Andrew Jackson was elected President he appointed Mr. Van Buren Secretary of State. This position he resigned in i83r, and was immediately appointed Minister to England, where he went the same autumn. The Senate, however, when it met, refused to ratify the nomination, and. he leturned home, apparently untroubled ; was nominated Vice President in the place of Calhoun, at the re-election of President Jackson ; and with smiles for all and fiowns for none, he took his place at the head of that Senate which lud refused to confirm his nomination as ambassador. His rejection by the Senate roused all the zeal of President Jackson in behalf of his repudiated favor ite; and this, probably more than any other cause, secured his elevation to the chair of the Chief Execu- tive. On the 2oth of May, 1836, Mr. Van Buren re- ceived the Democratic nomination to succeed Gen. Jackson as President of the United States He was elected by a handsome majority, to the delight of the retiring President. " Leaving New York out of the canvass," says Mr. Parton, "the election of Mr. Van Buren to the Presidency was as much the act of Gen. Jackson as though the Constitution had 'jonferrcd upon him the power to appoint a successor." His administration was filled with exciting events. The insurrection in Canada, which threatened to in volve this country in warwitli England, the agitation of the slavery question, and finally the great commer- cial panic which sjjread over the country, all were trials to his wisdom. The financial distress was at- tributed to the management of the Democratic party, and brought the President into such disfavor that he failed of re election. With the exception of being nominated for the Presidency by the "Free Soil" Democrats, in 1848, Mr. Van Buren lived quietly upon his estate until his death. He had ever been a prudent man, of frugal habits, and living within his income, had now fortunately a competence for his declining years. His unblemished character, his commanding abilities, his unquestioned patriotism, and the distinguished positions which he had occupied in the government of our country, se- cured to him not only the homage of his party, but the respect ot the whole community. It was on the 4th of March, 1841, that Mr. Van Buren retired from the presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald^ he still exerted a powerful influence upon the jjolitics of the country. From this time until his death, on the 24th of July, 1862, at the age of eighty years, he resided at Lindenwald, a gentleman of leisure, of culture and of wealth; enjoying in a healthy old age, probably far more ha[)piness than he had before experienced amid the stormy scenes of his active life- /i^. J^)9a.^yi^^ NINril PKESIDKNT. J' ,^-. Wl^M4M HKNRY ILLIAM HENRY HARRI- SON, the ninth President of the United States, was born at I3erke!ey, Va., Feb. 9, 1773. His lather, Benjamin Harri- son, was in comparatively op- ulent circumstances, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day. He was an intimate friend of George Washington, w as early elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was conspicuous among the patriots of Virginia in resisting the encroachments of the British crown. In the celebrated Congress of 1775, Benjamin Har- rison and Joiin Hancock were both candidates for the office of speaker. Mr Harrison was subsequently chosen Governor of Virginia, and was twice re-elected. His son, i William Henry, of course enjoyed in childhood all the advantages which wealth and intellectual and cultivated society could give. Hav- ing received a thorough common-school education, he entered Haniixien Sidney College, where he graduated with honor soon after the death of his father. He eiien repaired to Philadelphia to study medicine undtr th^ instructions of Dr. Rush and the guardianship of Robert Morris, Iwth of whom were, with his father, signers of the Oeclaration of Independence. Ui>on the outbreak of the Indian troubles, and not- withst.nnding the remonstrances of his friends, he aliandoned his medical studies and entered tiie army, having obtained a commission of Ensign from Presi- u dent Washington. He was then but 19 years old. From that time he passed gradually upward in rank until he became aid to General Wayne, after whose death he resigned his commission. He was then aj)- pointed -Secretary of the North-westerji Territory. This Terrilor)' was then entitled to but one member in Congress and Capt. Harrison was chosen to fill that position. In the spring of 1800 the North-western Territory was divided by Congress into two jwrtions. The eastern jwrtion, comprising the region now embraced in the State of Ohio, was called " The Territory north-west of the Ohio." The western jwrtion, which included what is now called Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, was called the "Indiana Territorj'." Wil- liam Henry Harrison, then 27 years of age, was ai>- ixjinted by John Adams, Governor of the Indiana Territory, and immediately after, also Governor of Upper Louisiana. He was thus ruler over almost as extensive a realm as any sovereign ujxjn the globe. He was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and w.is in- vested with ixjwers nearly dictatorial over the now rapidly increasing white [xipulation. The ability and fidelity with wliich he discharged these resjionsible duties may be inferred from the fact that he was four times apix)inted to this office — first by John Adams, twice by Thomas Jefferson and afterwards by Presi- dent Madison. ^Vhen lie began his adminstration there were but threewhitesettlementsin that almost lioundless region, now crowded with cities and resounding with all the tumult (if wealth and traffic. One of these settlements was on the Ohio, nearly opiwsite Ix)uisville; oi-.e at Vincennes, on the Wabash, and the tliird a French settlement. The vast wilderness over which Gov. Hnrri'^ri. reigned was filled with many tribes of Indians. Abou' 5 = WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. the year 1806, two extraordinary men, twin brothers, of the Shavvnese tribe, rose among them. One of these was called Tecuinseh, or " The Crouching Panther;" the other, OUiwacheca, or "The Prophet." Tecumseh was not only an Indian warrior, but a man of great sagacity, far-reaching foresight and indomit- able perseverance in any enterprise in which he might engage. He was inspired with the highest enthusiasm, and had long regarded with dread and with hatred the encroachment of the whites upon the hunting- grounds of his fathers. His brother, the Prophet, was anorator, who could sway the feelings of. the untutored Indian as the gale tossed the tree-tops beneath which they dwelt. But the Prophet was not merely an orator : he was, in the superstitious minds of the Indians, invested with the superhuman dignity of a medicine-man or a magician. With an enthusiasm unsurpassed by Peter the Hermit rousing Europe to the crusades, he went from tribe to tribe, assuming that he was specially sent by the Great Spirit. Gov. Harrison made many attempts to conciliate the Indians, but at last the war came, and at Tippe- canoe the Indians were routed with great slaughter. Octpber 28, 1812, his army began its march. When near the Prophet's town three Indians of rank made their appearance and inquired why Gov. Harrison was approaching them in so hostile an attitude. After a short conference, arrangements were made for a meet- ing the next day, to agree upon terms of peace. But Gov. Harrison was too well acquainted with the Indian character to be deceived by such protes- tations Selecting a favorable spot for his night's en- campment, he took every precaution against surprise. His troops were posted in a hollow square, and slept upon their arms. The troops threw themselves upon the ground for rest; but every man had his accourtrements on, his loaded musket by his side, and his bayonet fixed. The wakeful Governor, between three and four o'clock in the morning, had risen, and was sitting in conversa- tion with his aids by the embers of a waning fire. It was a chill, cloudy morning with a drizzling rain. In the darkness, the Indians had crept as near as possi- ble, and just then, with a savage yell, rushed, with all the desperation which superstition and passion most highly inflamed could give, upon the left flank of the little army. The savages had been amply provided with guns and ammunition by the English. Their war-whoop was accompained by a shower of bullets. The camp-fires v.'ere instantly extinguished, as the light aided the Indians in their aim. With hide- (us yells, the Indian bands rushed on, not doubting a speedy and an entire victoiy. But Gen. Harrison's troops stood as immovable as the rocks around them until day dawned : they then made a simultaneous charge with the bayonet, and swept every thing be- fore them, and completely routing the foe. Gov. Harrison now had all his energies tasked to the utmost. The British descending from the Can - adas, were of themselves a very formidable force ; but with their savage allies, rushing like wolves from the forest, searching out every remote farm-house, burn- ing, plundering, scalping, torturing, the wide frontier was plunged into a state of consternation which even the most vivid imagination can but faintly conceive. The war-whoop was resounding everywhere in the forest. The horizon was illuminated with the conflagra- tion of the cabins of the settlers. Gen Hull had made the ignominious surrender of his forces at Detroit. Under these despairing circumstances. Gov. Harrison was appointed by President Madison commander-in- chief of the North-western army, with orders to retake Detroit, and to protect the frontiers. It would be difficult to place a man in a situation demanding more energy, sagacity and courage; bui General Harrison was found equal to the position, and nobly and triumphantly did he meet all the re- sponsibilities. He won the love of his soldiers by always sharing with them their fatigue. His whole baggage, while pursuing the foe up the Thames, was carried in a valise; and his bedding consisted of a single blanket lashed over his saddle Thirty-five British officers, his prisoners of war, supped with him after the battle. The only fare he could give them was beef roasted before the fire, without bread or salt. In 1816, Gen. Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Representatives, to represent the District of Ohio. In Congress he proved an active member; and whenever he sjxike, it was with force of reason and power of eloquence, which arrested the attention of all the members. In 1S19, Harrison was elected to the Senate of Ohio; and in 1824, as one of the presidential electors of that State, he gave his vote for Henry Clay. The same year he was chosen to the United States Senate. In 1836, the friends of Gen. Harrison brought him forward as a candidate for the Presidency againsl Van Buren, but he was defeated. At the close of Mr. Van Buren's term, he was re -nominated by his party, and Mr. Harrison was unanimously nominated by the Whigs, with John Tyler for the Vice Presidency. The contest was very animated. Gen. Jackson gave all his influence to prevent Harrison's election ; but his triumph was signal. Tlie cabinet which he formed, with Daniel Webster at its head as Secretary of State, ivas one of the most brilliant with which any President had ever bSen surrounded. Never were the prospects of an admin- istration more flattering, or the hopes of the country more sanguine. In the midst of these bright and joyous prospects. Gen. Harrison was seized by a pleurisy-fever and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died on the 4th of April ; just one month after his inauguration as President of the United States. "hm. TENTH PRESIDENT. 55 ^r^=[s»= J m~m TYILEK. h -%'■ L- 6^, 9 I OHN TYLER, the tenth President of the United States. He was born iii Charles-city Co., Va., March 29, 1790. He was the favored child of af- fluence and high social jxi- sition. .\t the early age of twelve, John entered William and Mary College and grad- uated with much honor when but seventeen years old. After graduating, he devoted him- self with great assiduity to the study of law, partly with his father and p irtly with Edmund Randolph, one of the most distin- guished lawyers of Virginia. At nineteen years of age, ne commenced the practice of law. His success was rapid and aston- ishing. It is said that three months had not elapsed ere there was scarcely a case on the dock- et of the court in which he was not retained. When but twenty-one years of age, he was almost unanimously elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He connected himself with the Demo- •ratic party, and warmly advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five successive years he w.i>; elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote or his county. When but twenty-six years of age, he was elected a iftember of Congress. Here he acted earnestly and alily with tlie Democratic [larty, opjxjsing a national bank, internal improvements by the General '^•ovsrn. ment, a protective tariff, and advocating a strict con- struction of the Constitution, and the most careful vigilance over State rights. His labors in Congress were so arduous that before the close of his second term he found it necessary to resign and retire to his estate in Charles-city Co., to recruit his health. He, however, soon after consented to take his seat in the State Legislature, where his influence was powerful in proniotitig public works of great utility. With a reputation thus canstantly increasing, he was chosen by a very large majority of votes. Governor of his native State. His administration was signally a suc- cessful one. His jwpularity secured his re-election. John Randolph, a brilliant, erratic, half-crazed man, then represented Virginia in the Senate of the United States. .\ portion of the Democratic party was displeased with Mr. Randolph's wayward course, and brought forward John Tyler as his op|X)nent, considering him the only man in Virginia of sufficient popularity to succeed against the renowned orator of Roanoke. Mr. T\ler was the victor. In accordance with his professions, upon taking his seat in the Senate, he joined the ranks of the opposi- tion. He opiK)sed the tariff; he sjxjke against and voted against the bank as unconstitutional; he stren- uously opposed all restrictions ujx)n slavery, resist- ing all projects of internal improvements by the Gen- eral Government, and avowed his sympathy with Mr. Calhoun's view of nullification ; he declared that Gen. Jackson, by his opiwsiiion to the nullifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress, — a record in i)crfect accordance with the princiiiles which he h.ad always avowed. Returning to Virgima, lie resumed ilic practice of his profession. There was a :pl:l i 1 the Dcmocraiii JOHN TYLER. party. His friends still regarded him as a true Jef- fersonian, gave him a dinner, and showered compli- ments upon him. He had now attained the age of forty-six. His career had been very brilliant. In con- sequence of his devotion to public business, his pri- vate affairs had fallen into some disorder; and it was not without satisfaction that he resumed the practice of law, and devoted himself to the culture of his plan- tation. Soon after this he removed to Williamsburg, for the better education of his children ; and he again took his seat in the Legislature of Virginia. By the Southern Whigs, he was sent to the national convention at Harrisburg to nominate a President in 1839. The majority of votes were given to Gen. Har- rison, a genuine Whig, much to the disappointment of the South, who wished for Henry Clay. To concili- ate the Southern Whigs and to secure their vote, the convention then nominated John Tyler for Vice Pres- ident. It was well known that he was not in sympa- thy with the Whig party in the Noith: but the Vice President has but very little power in the Govern- ment, his main and almost only duty being to pre- side over the meetings of the Senate. Thus it hap- pened that a Whig President, and, in reality, a Democratic Vice President were chosen. In 1 841, Mr. Tyler was inaugurated Vice Presi- dent of the United States. In one short month from that time, President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler thus found himself, to his own surprise and that of the whole Nation, an occupant of the Presidential chair. This was a new test of the stability of our institutions, as it was the first -time in the history of our country that such an event had occured. Mr. Tyler was at home in Williamsburg when he received the une.vpected tidings of the death of President Harri- son. He hastened to Washington, and on the 6th of April was inaugurated to tiie high and responsible office. He was i)laced in a position of exceeding delicacy and difficulty. All his long life he had been opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. He had ever been a con- sistent, honest man, with an unblemished record. Gen. Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with coun- sellors whose views were antagonistic to his own.' or, on the other hand, should he turn against the party which had elected him and select a cabinet in har- ;r.ony with himself, and which would oppose all those ciews which the Whigs deemed essential to the pub- lic welfare? This was his fearful dilemma. He in- vited the cabinet which President Harrison had selected to retain their seats. He reccommended a day of fasting and prayer, that God would guide and bless us. The Whigs carried through Congress a bill for the incorporation of a fiscal bank of the United States. The President, after ten days' delay, returned it with his veto. He «u2gested, however, that he would approve of a bill drawn up upon such a plan as he proposed. Such a bill was accordingly prepared, and privately .submitted to him. He gave it his approval. It was passed without alteration, and he sent it back with his veto. Here commenced the open rupture. It is said that Mr. Tyler was provoked to this meas- ure by a published letter from the Hon. John M. Botts, a distinguished Virginia Whig, who severely touched the pride of the President. The opposition now exultingly received the Presi- dent into their arms. The party which elected him denounced him bitterly. AH the members of his cabinet, e.xcepting Mr. Webster, resigned. The Whigs of Congress, both the Senate and the House, held a meeting and issued an address to the people of the United States, proclaiming that all political alliance between the Whigs and President Tyler were at an end. Still the President attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet of distinguished Whigs and Conservatives, carefully leaving out all strong party men. Mr. Webster soon found it necessar)' to resign, forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. Thus the four years of Mr. Tyler's unfortunate administra- tion passed sadly away. No one was satisfied. The land was filled with murmurs and vituperation. \Miigs and Democrats alike assailed him. RIore and more, however, he brought himself into sympathy with his old friends, the Democrats, until at the close of his term, he gave his whole influence to the support of Mr. Polk, the Democratic candidate for his successor. On the 4th of March, 1845, he retired from the harassments of office, to the regret of neither party, and probably to his own unspeakable relief. His first wife. Miss Letitia Christian, died in Washington, in 1842; and in June, 1844, President Tyler was again married, at New York, to Miss Julia Gardiner, a young lady of many personal and intellectual accomplishments. The remainder of his days Mr. Tyler passed mainly in retirement at his beautiful home, — Sherwood For- est, Charles-city Co., Va. A polished gentleman in his manners, richly furnished with information from books and experience in the world, and possessing brilliant powers of conversation, his family circle was the scene of unnsual attractions. With sufficient moans for the exercise of a generous hospitality, he might have enjoyed a serene old age with the few friends who gathered around him, were it not for the storms of civil war which his own principles and ]X)licy had helped to introduce. When the great Rebellion rose, which the State- rights and nullifying doctrines of Mr. John C. Cal- houn had inaugurated, President Tyler renounced his allegiance to the United States, and joined the Confed- erates. He was chosen a member of their Congress; and while engaged in active measures to destroy, by force of arms, the Government over wliich he had once presided, he was taken sick and soon died. m ELEVENTH PRESIDENT. 59 JAMK.S K, FDIK, • *;w' «'*;'<8^ ^ •* \ /-*» ^ ' e vJiii," AMES K. POLK, the eleventh ^President of the United States, was born in Mecklenburg Co., N. C.Nov. 2, 1795. His par- iits were Samuel and Jane VK.no.\) Polk, the former a son of Col. Thomas Polk, who located at the above place, as one of the ( first pioneers, in 1735. In the year 1S06, with his wife and children, and soon after fol- lowed by most of the members of tlie Polk famly, Samuel Polk emi- grated some two or three hundred miles farther west, to the rich valley of tlie Duck River. Here in the midst of the wilderness, in a region which was subsequently called Mau- vj Co., they reared their log huts, and established their homes. In the hard toil of a new farm in the wil- derness, James K. Polk spent the early years of his childhood and youth. His father, adding the pur- suit of a surveyor to that of a farmer, ' gradually increased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. Mis mother was a superior woman, of strong common sense and earnest piety. Very early in life, James developed a taste for reading and expressed the strongest desire to obtain .1 liberal education. His mother's training had made iiim methodical in his habits, had taught him punct- uality and industry, and had inspired him with lofty principles of morality. His health was frail ; and his father, fearing that he might not be able to endure a Pr sedentary life, got a situation for him behind the counter, hoping to fit him for commercial pursuits. This was to James a bitter disapijointinent. He had no taste for these duties, and his daily tasks were irksome in the extreme. He remained in this uncongenial occujjation but a few weeks, when at his earnest solicitation his father removed him, and made arrangements for him to prosecute his studies. Soon after he sent him to Murfreesboro Academy. With ardor which could scarcely be surpassed, he pressed forward in his studies, and in less than two and a half years, in the autumn of 1815, entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Here he was one of the most exem])laiy of scholars, punctual in every exercise, never allowing himself to be absent from a recitation or a religious service. He graduated in 18 18, with the highest honors, be- ing deemed the best scholar of his class, both in mathematics and the classics. He was then twenty- three years of age. Mr. Polk's health was at this time much impaired by the assiduity with which he had prosecuted his studies. After a short season of relaxation he went to Nashville, and entered the office of Felix Grundy, to study law. Here Mr. Polk renewed his acquaintance with .Andrew Jackson, who resided on his plantation, the Hermitage, but a few miles from Nashville. They had probably beci' slightly acquainted before. Mr. Polk's father was a Jeffersonian Republican, and James K. Polk ever adhered to the same jx)liii- cal faith. He was a jwpular public speaker, and w.ts constantly called ujon to address the meetings of his party friends. His skill as a s[)eaker was such th;it he was jxjpulatly called the Naioleon of the stuni]'. He was a man of unblemished morals, genial .ti d 6o JAMES K. POLK. Murterus in his bearing, and with that sympathetic natu'"e in the jo) s and griefs of others which ever gave him troops of friends. In 1823, Mr. Polk was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. Here he gave his strong influence towards the election of his friend, i\Ir. Jackson, to the Presidency of the United States. Ill January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Sarah Childress, of Rutherford Co., Tenn. His bride was altogether worthy of him, — a lady of beauty and cul- ture. In the fall of 1825, Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress. The satisfaction which he gave to liis constituents may be inferred from the fact, that for fourteen successive years, until 1S39, he was con- tinuec- in that office. He then voluntarily withdrew, only I'lat he might accept the Gubernatorial chair of Tennessee. In Congress he was a laborious member, a frequent and a popular speaker. He was always in his seat, always courteous ; and whenever he spoke it was always to the point, and without any ambitious rhetorical display. During five sessions of Congress, Mr. Polk was Speaker of the House. Strong passions were roused, and stormy scenes were witnessed ; but Mr. Polk per- formed his arduous duties to a very general satisfac- tion, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he withdrew on tlie 41)1 of March, 1839. In accordance with Southern usage, Mr. Polk, as a candidate for Governor, canvassed the State. He was elected by a large majority, and on the 14th of Octo- ber, 1839, took the oath of office at Nashville. In 1S41, his term of office expired, and he was again the can- didate of the Democratic party, but was defeated. On the 4th of March, iS45,Mr. Polk was inaugur- ated President of the United States. The verdict of the countryin favor of the annexation of Texas, exerted its influence upon Congress ; and the last act of the administration of President Tyler was to affix his sig- nature to a joint resolution of Congress, passed on the 3d of March, approving of the annexation of Texas to the .\merican Union. As Mexico still claimed Texas as one of her provinces, the Mexican minister, Almonte, immediately demanded his passports and left the country, declaring the act of the annexation to be an act hostile to Mexico. In his first message. President Polk urged that Te.xas should immediately, by act of Congress, be re- ceived into the Union on the same fooling with the Other States. In the meantime. Gen. Taylor was sent with an army into Texas to hold the country. He was sent first to Nueces, which the Mexicans said was the western boundary of Texas. Then he was sent nearly two hundred miles further w'est, to the Rio Grande, where he erected batteries which commanded the Mexican city of Matamoras, which was situated on the western banks. The anticipated collision soon took place, and war was declared against Mexico by President Polk. The war was pushed forward by Mr. Polk's administration with great vigor. Gen. Taylor, whose army was first called one of "observation," then of "occu[)ation,' then of " invasion, "was sent forward to Monterey. The feeble Mexicans, in every encounter, were hopelessly and awfully slaughtered. The day of judgement alone can reveal the misery which this war caused. It v/as by the ingenuity of Mr. Polk's administration that the war was brought on. 'To the victors belong the spoils." Mexico was prostrate before us. Her capital was in our hands. We now consented to peace upon the condition that Mexico should surrender to us, in addition to Texas, all of New Mexico, and all of Upper and Lower Cal- ifornia. This new demand embraced, ex*;lusive of Texas, eight hundred thousand square miles. This was an extent of territory equal to nine States of the size of New York. Thus slavery was securing eighteen majestic States to be added to the Union. There were some Americans who thought it all right : there were others who thought it all wrong. In the prosecution of this war, we expended twenty thousand lives and more than a hundred million of dollars. Of this money fifteen millions were paid to Mexico. On the 3d of M.irch, 1849, Mr. Polk retired from office, having served one term. The next day was Sunday. On the sth, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated as his successor. Mr. Polk rode to the Capitol in the same carriage with Gen. Taylor; and the same even- ing, with Mrs. Polk, he commenced his return to Tennessee. He was then but fifty-four years of age. He had ever been strictly temperate in all his habits, and his health was good. With an ample fortune, a choice library, a cultivated mind, and domestic ties of the dearest nature, it seemed as though long years of tranquility and happiness were before him. But the cholera — that fearful scourge — was then sweeping up the Valley of the Mississippi. This he contracted, and died on the i5tli of June, 1849, in the fifty-fourth year of his age, greatly mourned by his countrymen. TWELimi PRESIDENT. (^l ■\\\V-VVV\\ \ \ \ ? ;^ACJ^iVI^T TAYX^OK. Tr^VVAA'wV.VAi«-:V..-C ACHARY TAYLOR, twelfth rresideiit of the United States, "was lioni on the 24th of Nov., 1784, in Orange Co., Va. His father, Colonel Taylor, was : ■''' a Virginian of note, and a dis- tinguished i)atriot and soldier of the Revolution. When Zachary \ was an infant, his father with his wife and two children, emigrated to Kentucky, where he settled in the pathless wilderness, a few miles from Louisville. In this front- ier home, away from civilization and all its refinements, young Zachary could enjoy but few social and educational advan- tages. When six years of age he attended a common school, and was then regarded as a bright, active boy, "■ather remarkable for bluntness and decision of char- acter He was strong, feailess and self-reliant, and manifested a strong desire to enter the army to fight the Lidians who were ravaging the frontiers. There is little to be recorded of the uneventful years of his childhood on his father's large but lonely plantation. In 1808, his father succeeded in obtaining for him the commission of lieutenant in the United States army ; and he joined the troops which were st.itioned at New Orleans under Gen. Wilkinson. Soon after this he married Miss Margaret Smith, a young lady from one of the first families of NLiryland. Immediately after the declaration of war with Eng- land, in 18 1 2, Capt. Taylor (for he had then been promoted to that rank) was put in command of Fort Harrison, on the Wabash, about fifty miles above Vincennes. This fort had been built in the wilder- ness by Gen. Harrison.on his march to Tii)i>ecanoe. It was one of the first jwints of attack by the Indians, ■,ed by Tecumseh. Its garrison consisted of a broken company of infantry numbermg fifty men, many of whom were sick. Early in the autumn of 1812, the Indians, stealthily, and in large numbers, moved \\\yQX\ the fort. Ti.t.i approach was first indicated by the murder of two soldiers just outside of the stockade. Capt. Taylur made every jxissible preparation to meet the antici- pated assault. On the 4th of September, a band of forty painted and plumed savages came to the fort, waving a white flag, and informed Capt. Taylor that in the morning their chief would come to have a talk with him. It was evident that their object was merely to ascertain the state of things at the fort, and Capt. Taylor, well versed in the wiles of the savages, kept them at a distance. The sun went down; the savages disappeared, the garrison slept uix)n their arms. One hour btfore midnight the war whoop burst from a thousand lips in the forest around, followed by the discharge of musketry, and the rush of the foe. Every man, sick and well, sprang to his jxjst. Every man knew that defeat was not merely death, but in the case of cai>- ture, death by the most agonizing and prolonged tor- ture. No pen can describe, no immagination can conceive the scenes which ensued. The savages suc- ceeded in setting fire to one of the blockhouses- Until si.x o'clock in the morning, this awful conflict continued. The savages then, baflfled at every jwint, and gnashing their teeth with rage, retired. Capt. Taylor, for this gallant defence, was promoted to. the rank of major by brevet. Until the close of the war, Majoi I aylor was [l.ited in such situations that he saw but little more of active- service. He was sent far away into thcdepthsof the wilderness, to Fort Crawford, on Fox River, which empties into Green Bay.. Here there w.is but little to be done but to wear away the tedious hours as one best could. There were no lks, no society, no in- 64 ZACHARY TAYLOR. tellectual stimulus. Thus with him the uneventful years rolled on Gradually he rose to the rank of colonel. In the Black-Hawk war, which resulted in the capture of that renowned chieftain, Col Taylor took a subordinate but a brave and efficient part. For twenty-four years Col. Taylor was engaged in the defence of the frontiers, in scenes so remote, and in emi)loyments so obscure, that his name was unknown beyond tlie limits of his own immediate acquaintance. In tlie year 1836, he was sent to Florida to compel the Seminole Indians to vacate that region and re- tire beyond the Mississippi, as their chiefs by treaty, hac' promised they should do. The services rendered he;c secured for Col, Taylor the high appreciation of the Government; and as a reward, he was elevated tc vhe rank of brigadier-general by brevet ; and soon after, in May, 1838, was appointed to the chief com- mand of the United States troops in Florida. After two years of such wearisome employment amidst the everglades of the peninsula. Gen. Taylor obtained, at his own request, a change of command, :.nd was stationed over the Department of the South- west. This field embraced Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Establishing his headquarters at Fort Jessup, in Louisiana, he removed his family to a plantation which he purchased, near Baton Rogue. Here he remained for five years, buried, as it were, from tiie world, but faithfully discharging every duty imposed upon him. In 1846, Gen. Taylor was sent to guard the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande, the latter river being the boundary of Texas, which was then claimed by the United States. Soon the war with Mexico was brought on, and at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, Gen. Taylor won brilliant victories over the Mexicans. The rank of major-general by brevet was then conferred upon Gen. Taylor, and his name was received with enthusiasm almost everywhere in the Nation. Then came the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista in which he won signal victories over forces much larger than he commanded. His careless habits of dress and his unaffected simplicity, secured for Gen. Taylor among his troops, \.\\e sobriquet of "Old Rough and Ready.' The tidings of the brilliant victory of Buena Vista .-pread the wildest enthusiasm over the country. Tlie name of Gen. Taylor was on every one's lips. The Whig party decided to take advantage of this wonder- ful po|nilarity in bringing forward the unpolished, un- lettered, honest soldier as their candidate for the Presidency. Gen. Taylor was astonished at the an- nouncement, and for a time would not listen to it; de- claring that he was not at all (jualified for such an office. So little interest had he taken in politics that, for forty years, he had not cast a vote. It was not without chagrin that several distinguished statesmen who had been long years in the public service found 'l.iir claims set aside in behalf of one wliose name had never been heard of, save in connection with Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey and Buena Vista. It is said that Daniel Webster, in his haste re- marked, " It is a nomination not fit to be made." Gen. Taylor was not an eloquent speaker nor a fine writer His friends took possession of him, and pre- pared such few communications as it was needful should be presented to the public. The popularity of the successful warrior swept the land. He was tri- umphantly elected over two opposing candidates, — Gen. Cass and E.x-President Martin Van Buren. Thougli he selected an excellent cabinet, the good old man found himself in a very uncongenial position, and was, at times, sorely perplexed and harassed. His mental sufferings were very severe, and probably tended to hasten his death. The pro-slavery party was pushing its claims with tireless energy, expedi- tions were fitting out to capture Cuba ; California was pleading for admission to the Union, while slaverj' stood at the door to bar her out. Gen. Taylor found the political conflicts in Washington to be far more trying to the nerves than battles with Mexicans or Indians. In the midst of all these troubles. Gen. Taylor, after he had occupied the Presidential chair but little over a year, took cold, and after a brief sickness of but little over five days, died on the 9th of July, 1850. His last words were, " I am not afraid to die. I am ready. I have endeavored to do my duty." He died universally respected and beloved. An honest, un- pretending man, he had been steadily growing in the affections of the people ; and the Nation bitterly la- mented his death. Gen. Scott, who was thoioughly acquainted with Gen. Taylor, gave the following graphic and truthful descrii)tion of his character: — " With a good store of common sense, Gen. Taylor's mind had not been en- larged and refreshed by reading, or much converse with the world. Rigidity of ideas was the conse- quence. The frontiers and small military posts had been his home. Hence he was quite ignorant for his rank, and quite bigoted in his ignorance. His sim- plicity was child-like, and with innumerable preju- dices, amusing and incorrigible, well suited to the tender age. Thus, if a man, however respectable, chanced to wear a coat of an unusual color, or his hat a little on one side of his head ; or an officer to leave a corner of his handkerchief dangling from an out- side pocket, — in any such case, this critic held the olfjnder to be a co.vcomb (perhaps something worse), whom he would not, to use his oft repeated phrase, ' touch with a pair of tongs.' "Any allusion to literature beyond good old Dil- worth's spelling-book, on the part of one wearing a sword, was evidence, with the same judge, of utter unfitness for heavy marchings and combats. Insliort, few men have ever had a more comfortable, labor- saving contempt for learnirg of every kind." k jt/Si^^i^'X.ocrTx) THIRTEENTH PRESIDENT. 67 i ♦'MILLARH FILLMDRE.^ JSv ILLARD FILLMORE, thir- teenth President of the Lhiited States, was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y ., on the 7th of Januar)', 1800. His ■^ father was a farmer, and ow- ing to misfortune, in humble cir- cumstances. Of his mother, the daughter of Dr. Abiathar Millard, of Pittsfield, Mass., it has been said that she jxjssessed an intellect of very high order, united with much personal loveliness, sweetness of dis- jKDsition, graceful manners and ex- quisite sensibilities. She died in 1831 ; having lived to see her son a ' young man of distinguished prom- ise, though she was not permitted to witness the high dignity which he finally attained. In conse(iuence of the secluded home and limited means of his father, Millard enjoyed but slender ad- vantages for education in his early years. The com- mon schools, >vhi<-h he occasionally attendeent in read- ing. Soon every leisure moment w.is occupied with books. His thirst for knowledge became insatiate and the selections which he made were continually more elevating and instructive. He read historj', biography, oratory, and thus gradually there was en- kindled in his heart a desire to be something more than a mere worker with his hands; and lie was be- coming, almost unknown to himself, a well-informed, educated man. The young clothier had now attained the age of nineteen years, and was of fine personal appearance and of gentlemanly demeanor. It so happened tha'. there was a gentleman in the neighborhood of ample pecuniary means and of benevolence, — Judge Walter Wood, — who was struck with the jjrepossessing a!>- pearance of young Fillmore. He made his acquaint- ance, and was so much impressed with his ability anl attainments that he advised him to abandon his trade and devote himself to thestudy of thelaw. The young man replied, that he h.ad no means of hrs own, r.o friends to help him and that his previous educa- tion had been verj' imperfect. But Judge Wood luul so much confidence in him that he kindly offered to take him into his own office, and to loan him such money as he needed. Most gratefully the generous offer was accepted. There is in many minds a strange delusion aboul a collegiate education. A young man is supposed to be liberally educated if he has graduated at some col- lege. But many a boy loiters through university hal' *nd then enters a law office, who is by no meaas «e 68 MILLARD FILLMORE. well prepared to prosecute his legal studies as was Millard Fillmore when he graduated at the clothing- mill at the end of four years of manual labor, during which every leisure moment had been devoted to in- tense mental culture. In 1S23, when twenty-three years of age, he v/as admitted to the Court of Common Pleas. He then went to the village of Aurora, and commenced the practice of law. In this secluded, peaceful region, his practice of course was limited, and there was no opportunity for a sudden rise in fortune or hi fame. Here, in the year 1826, he married a lady of great moral worth, and one capable of adorning any station she might be called to fill, — Miss Abigail Powers. His elevation of character, his untiring industry, his legal acquirements, and his skill as an advocate, gradually attracted attention ; and he was invited to enter into partnership under highly advantageous circumstances, with an elder member of the bar in Buffalo. Just before removing to Buffalo, in 1829, he took his seat in the House of Assembly, of the State of New York, as a representative from Erie County. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics, his vote and his sympathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, and he found himself in a helpless minority in the Legislature , still the testimony comes from all parlies, that his courtesy, ability and integrity, won, to a very unusual degree the respect of his associates. In the autumn of 1832, he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. He entered that troubled arena in some of the most tumultuous hours of our national history. The great conflict respecting the national bank and the removal of the deposits, was then raging. His term of two years closed ; and he returned to his profession, which he pursued with increasing rep- utation and success. After a lapse of two years he again became a candidate for Congress ; was re- elected, and took his seat in 1837. His past expe- rience as a representative gave him stKngth and confidence. The first term of service in Congress to any man can be but little more than an introduction. He was now prepared for active duty. All his ener- gies were brought to bear upon the public good. Every measure received his impress. Mr. Fillmore was now a man of wide repute, and his popularity filled the State, and in the year 1847, he was elected Comptroller of the State. Mr. Fillmore had attained the age of forty-seven years. His labors at the bar, in the Legislature, in Congress and as Comptroller, had given him very con- siderable fame. The Whigs were casting about to find suitable candidates for President and Vice-Presi- dent at the approaching election. Far away, on the waters of the Rio Grande, there was a rough old soldier, who had fought one or two successful battles with the Mexicans, which had caused his name to be proclaimed in trumpet-tones all over the land. But it was necessaiy to associate with him on the same ticket some man of reputation as a statesman. Under the influence of these considerations, the namesof Zachaiy Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying-cry of the Whigs, as their candidates for President and Vice-Peesident. The Whig ticket was signally triumphant. On the 4th of March, 1849, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated President, and Millard Fillmore Vice-President, of the United States. On the 9th of July, 1850, President Taylor, but about one year and four months after his inaugura- tion, was suddenly taken sick and died. By the Con- stitution, Vice-President Fillmore thus became Presi- dent. He appointed a very able cabinet, of which the illustrious Daniel Webster was Secretary of State. Mr. Fillmore had very serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did everything in his power to conciliate the South; but the pro-slavery party in the South felt the inadequacy of all measuresof transient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly in- creasing over that of the slave States that it was in- evitable that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmcre's adminstration, and the Japan Expedition was sent out. On the 4th of March, 1853, Mr. Fill- more, having served one term, retired. In 1856, Mr. Fillmore was nominated for the Pres- idency by the " Know Nothing " party, but was beaten by Mr. Buchanan. After that Mr. Fillmore lived in retirement. During the terrible conflict of civil war, he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed that his sympathies were rather with those who were en- deavoring to overthrow our institutions. President Fillmore kept aloof from the conflict, without any cordial words of cheer to the one party or tlie other. He was thus forgotten by both. He lived to a ripe old age, and died in Buffalo. N. Y., March 8, 1874. V//^^, FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT. T t^j^lSUjta^ ■• ^^ =&= »-• . ^^naat^ ('> v^j'»;-}.>«C"j"i<«ri'%«a«««fs^^^ •;■•• ^FRANKLIN FIERCE. HS-'i: lANKLIN PIERCE, thc fourtcenth President of the I;,'* United States, was born in Hillsborough, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, who, with his own strong arm, hewed out a liome in the wilderness. He was a man of infle.\ii)le integrity; of strong, though uncultivated mind, and an unconiproniis- Democrat. The mother of Franklin Pierce was all that a son could desire, — an intelligent, pru- dent, affectionate. Christian wom- an. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. Franklin was a very bright and h.mdsome boy, gen- erous, warm-hearted and brave. He won alike the love of old and young. The boys on the play ground loved him. His teachers loved him. The neight)ors looked ujxjn him with pride and affection. He was by instinct a gentleman; always speakingkind words, doing kind deeds, with a peculiar unstudied tact whi( h taught him what was agreeable. Witliout de- veloping any i)recocity of genius, or any unnatural devotion to books, he was a good scholar; in body, in mind, in affections, a finely-developed boy. When sixteen years of age, in the year 1S20, he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me He was one of the most |)opular young men in the college. The purity of his moral character, the unvarying courtesy of his demeanor, his rank as a scholar, and genial nature, rendered him a universal favorite, There was something very peculiarly winning in his address, and it was evidently not in the slightest de- gree studied: it was the simple outgushing of his own magnanimous and loving nature. Upon graduating, in the year 1824, Franklin Pierce commenced tlie study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguished lawyers of the Slate, and a man of great private worth. The eminent social qualities of the young lawyer, his father's prominence as a i)ublic man, and the brilliant ix)litical career into which Judge Woodbury was en- tering, all tended to entice Mr. Pierce into the faci nating yet perilous path of political life. A\ith all the ardor of his nature he e.spoised the cause of Gen. Jackson for the Presidency. He commenced the practice of law in Hillslx)rough, and was soon elected to represent the town in the State Legislature. Here he served for four yeais. The last two years he was chosen speaker of the house by a very large vote. In 1833, at the age of twenty-nine, he was elected a member of Congress. Without taking an active part in debates, he was faithful and laborious in duty, and ever rising in the estimation of those with whom he was associatad. In 1837, being then but thirty-three years of age, he was elected to the Senate of the United States; taking his seat just as Mr. Van Buren commenced his administration. He was the yotmgest member in the Senate. In the year 1834, he married Miss Jane Means .\ppleton, a lady of rare beauty and accom- plishments, and one admirably fitted to adorn ever)' station with which her husband was honoicd. Of the 72 FRANKLIN PIERCE. three sons who were born to them, all now sleep with their parents in the grave. In tlie year 1838, Mr. Pierce, with growing fame and increasing business as a lawyer, took up his residence in Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. President Polk, upon his accession to office, appointed Mr. Pierce attorney-general of the United States ; but the offer was declined, in consequence of numerous professional engagements at home, and the precariuos state of Mrs. Pierce's health. He also, about the same time declined the nomination for governor by the Democratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce in the army. Receiving the appointment of brigadier-general, he embarked, with a portion of his troops, at Newport, R. I., on the 27th of May, 1847. He took an important part in this war, proving him- self a brave and true soldier. When Gen. Pierce reached his home in his native State, he was received enthusiastically by the advo- cates of the Mexican war, and coldly by his oppo- nents. He resumed the practice of his profession, very frequently taking an active part in political ques- tions, giving his cordial support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The compromise measures met cordially with his approval ; and he strenuously advocated the enforcement of the infa- mous fugitive-slave law, which so shocked the religious sensibilities of the North. He thus became distin- guished as a " Northern man with Southern principles.'' The strong partisans of slavery in the South conse- quently regarded him as a man whom they could •afely trust in office to carry out their plans. On the 12th of June, 1852, the Democratic conven- tion met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five ballotings no one had obtained a two-thirds vote. Not a vote thus far had been thrown for Gen. Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. _ There were fourteen more ballotings, during which Gen. Pierce constantly gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received two hundred and eighty-two votes, and all other candidates eleven. Gen. Winficld Scott was the Whig candidate. Gen. Pierce was chosen with great unanimity. Only foDr States — Vermont, Mas- sachusetts, Kentucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him Gen. Franklin Pierce was therefore inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1853. His administration proved one of the most stormy our country had ever experienced. The controversy be- tween slavery and freedom was then approaching its culminating point. It became evident that there was an "irrepressible conflict" between them, and that this Nation could not long exist " half slave and half free." President Pierce, during the whole of his ad- ministration, did every thing he could to conciliate the South ; but it was all in vain. The conflict every year grew more violent, and threats of the dissolution of the Union were borne to the North on eveiy South- ern breeze. Such was the condition of affairs when President Pierce approached the close of his four-years' term of office. The North had become thoroughly alien- ated from him. The anti-slavery sentiment, goaded by great outrages, had been rapidly increasing; all the intellectual ability and social worth of President Pierce were forgotten in deep reprehension of his ad- ministrative acts. The slaveholders of the South, also, unmindful of the fidelity with which he had advo- cated those measures of Government which they ajv proved, and perhaps, also, feeling that he had rendered himself so unpopular as no longer to be able acceptably to serve them, ungratefully dropped him, and nominated James Buchanan to succeed him. On the 4th of March, 1S57, President Pierce re- tired to his home in Concord. Of three children, two had died, and his only surviving child had been killed before his eyes by a railroad accident ; and his wife, one of the most estimable and accomplished of ladies, was rapidly sinking in consumption. The hour of dreadful gloom soon came, and he was left alone in the world, without wife or child. When the terrible Rebellion burst forth, which di- vided our country into two parties, and two only, Mr. Pierce remained steadfast in the principles which he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to that pro-slavery party with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hand of the National Gov- ernment. He continued to reside in Concord until the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, an honored communicant of the Episcopal Church, and one of the kindest of neighbors. Gen- erous to a fault, he contributed liberally for the al- leviation of suff"cring and want, and manyof liis towns- people were often gladened by his material bounty. zl^7z^j (3y^u<::-^n^^Z'^?2^€^^'?y:^ I' If TEE NTH PRESIDENT. 75 -*«K *— -Wf>- i^?v^:3i^f^.^c: \\ \: ',':•< : t' Vi' Vi' ■ry^'i'-^i'-r^i'^:^' Vi' ^?>'rhn; itg-*! [BOS-FT^-W^T?, ft '???ic^'^Ji'^^'.; i' ;i' ;-!' ri'.j;i'i^?<'.;^u'^;'i't:-i' ; i.':i : '■:■'! -.'i ;,'. :,', : >, : 'i '. 'i '. '1 . 'r ',''1 '. 'r ««C -+-• AMES BUCHAN'AX, the fif- teenth President of the United States, was born in a small frontier town, at the fool of the ".'r|^ eastern ridge of the Allegha- / nies, in Franklin Co., Penn., on ,-3 the 23d of April, 1791. The place 1 where the humble cabin of his J father stood was called Stony i' Hatter. It was a wild and ro- mantic sjxjt in a gorge of the moun- tains, with towering summits rising grandly all around. His father was a native of the north of Ireland ; a jxxjr man, who had emigrated in 1783, with little pro|ierty save his own strong arms. Five years afterwards he married Elizabeth Spear, the daughter of a respectable farmer, and, with his young bride, plunged into the wilder- ness, staked his claim, reared his log-hut, opened a clearing with his axe, and settled down there to per- form his obscure part in the drama of life. In this se- cluded home, where James was born, he remained for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual •idvantagrs. When James was eight years of age, his father removed to the village of Mercersburg, where liis son was placed at school, and commenced a course of study in English, f^atin and Greek. His progress was rapid, and at the age of fourteen, he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle. Here he de- veloiied remarkable talent, and took his stand among tiie first scholars in the institution. His application to study was intense, and yet his native powers en- abled him to master the most .ibstruse subjects with facility. In the year 1809, he graduated with the highest honors of his class. He was then eighteen years of age; tall and graceful, vigorous in healtli, fond of athletic sport, an unerring shot, and enlivened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in tlie city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812, when he was but twenty-one years of age. Very rapidly he rose in his profession, and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest lawyers of the State. When but twenty-si.\ years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the judges of the State, who was tried ujxjn articles of impeachment. M the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar; and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more lu- crative practice. In 1820, he reluctantly consented to run as a candidate for Congress. He was elected, and for ten years he remained a member of the Lower House. During the vacations of Congress, he occasionally tried some important case. In 1831, he retired altogether from the toils of his i)rofession, having ac- quired an ample fortune. Gen. Jackson, ujxan his elevation to the Presidency, apix)inted Mr. Buchanan minister to Russia. The duties of his mission he performed with ability, which gave satisfaction to all parties. L'lxjn his return, in 1833, he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met, as his associates, Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the meas- ures proposed by President Jackson, of m iking repn- 76 JAMES BUCHANAN. sals against France, to enforce the payment of our claims against that country; and defended the course of the President in his unprecedented and wliolesale removal from office of those who were not tiie sup- porters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought into direct collision with He:uy Clay. He also, with voice and vote, advocated expunging from the journal of the Senate the vote of censure against Gen. Jackson for removing the deposits. Earnestly he opposed the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and urged the prohibition of the circulation of anti-slavery documents by the United States mails. As to petitions on the subject of slavery, he advo- cated that they should be respectfully received; and that the reply should be returned, that Congress had no power to legislate upon tlie subject. " Congress," said he, " might as well undertake to interfere with slavery under a foreign government as in any of the States where it now exists." U|)on Mr. Polk's accession to the I'residency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such, took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexican War. Mr. Polk assumed that crossing the Nueces by the American troops into the disputed territory was not wrong, but for the Mexicans to cross the Rio Grande into that territory was a declaration of war. No candid man can read with pleasure the account of the course our Government pursued in that movement Mr. Buchanan identified himself thoroughly with the party devoted to the perpetuation and extension of slavery, and brought all the energies of his niiiid to bear against the Wilmot Proviso. He gave his cordial approval to tiie compromise measures of 1050, which included the fugitive-slave law. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856, a national Democratic conven- tion nominated >Ir. Buciianan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever engaged. All the friends of slavery were on one side; all the advocates of its re- striction and final abolition, on the other. Mr. Fre- mont, the candidate of the enemies of slavery, re- reived 114 electoral votes. Mr. Buchanan received 174, and was elected. The po|)ular vote stood 1,340,618, for Fremont, 1,224,750 for Buchanan. On March 4th, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated. Mr. Buchanan was far advanced in life. Only four vears were wanting to fill up his threescore years and ten. His own friends, those with whom he had been allied in political princiijles and action for years, were seeking the destruction of the Government, that they might rear upon the ruins of our free institutions a nation whose corner-stone should be human slavery. In this emergency, Mr. Buchanan was hopelessly be- wildered He could not, with his long-avowed prin- ciples, consistently oppose the State-rights party in their assumptions. As President of the United States, bound by his oath faithfully to administer the laws, he could not, without perjury of the grossest kind, unite with those endeavoring to overthrow the repub- lic. He therefore did nothing. The opponents of Mr. Buchanan's adininistration nominated Abraham Lincoln as their standard bearer in the next Presidential canvass. The pro-slavery party declared, that if he were elected, and the con- trol of the Government were thus taken from their hands, they would secede from the Union, taking with them, as they retired, the National Capitol at Washington, and the lion's share of the territory of the United States. Mr. Buchanan's sympathy with the pro-slavery party was such, that he had been willing to offer them far more than they had ventured to claim. All the South had professed to ask of the North was non- intervention upon the subject of slavery. Mr. Bu- chanan had been ready to offer them the active co- operation of the Government to defend and extend the institution. As the storm increased in violence, the slaveholders claiming the right to secede, and Mr. Buchanan avow- ing that Congress had no power to prevent it, one of the most pitiable exhibitions of governmental im- becility was e.xhibited the world has ever seen. He declared that Congress had no power to enforce its laws in any State which had withdrawn, or which was attempting to withdraw from the Union. This was not the doctrine of Andrew Jackson, when, with his hand u[)on his sword-hilt, he exclaimed. "The Union must and shall be preserved.'" South Carolina seceded in December, i860; nearly three months before the inauguration of President Lincoln. Mr. Buchanan looked on in listless despair. The rebel flag was raised in Charleston: Fort Sumpter was besieged ; our forts, navy-yards and arsenals were seized; our depots of military stoies were plun- dered ; and our custom-houses and post-offices were appropriated by the rebels. The energy of the rebels, and the imbecility of our Executive, were alike marvelous. The Nation looked on in agony, waiting for the slow weeks to glide away, and close the administration, so terrible in its weak- ness At length the long-looked-for hour of deliver- ance came, when Abraham Lincoln was to receive the scepter. The administration of President Buchanan was certainly the most calamitous our country has ex- perienced. His best friends cannot recall it with pleasure. \x\A still more deplorable it is for his fame, that in that dreadful conflict which rolled Its billows of flame and blood over our whole land, no word came from his lips to indicate his wish that our country's banner should triumph over the flag of the rebellion. He died at his Wheatland retreat, June i, 1868. <^ G^x^a^^^^-^ T^ SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT. 79 m ^ ABRAHAM > #>^^<:i^i^ < LINCOLN. )> # t. ^^c^ J RRAHA ^ sixlcciul the the in 12, AM LINCOLN, ih President of [#Uniied Slates, was horn f Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. /J 1809. About tlie year 1780, a man by the name of Abraham Lincohi left N'irginia with his f.unily and moved into the then wildsof Kentucky. Only two years after this emigration, still a young man, while working one day in a field, was stealthily approached by ui Indian and shot dead. His widow was left in e.xtreme poverty wiili five little children, three boys and two girls. Thomas, the youngest of the boys, was four years of age at his father's death. This Thomas was the father of Abraham Lincoln, the J'resident of the United States whone name must henceforth forever be enrolled with the most prominent in the annals of our world. Of course no record has been kept of the life of one so lowly as Thomas Lincoln. He was among the jxxjrest of the ixDor. His home was .1 wretched log-rabin ; his food the coarsest and the meanest. Education he had none; he could never eitlier read or write. As soon as he was able to do anything for himself, he was compelled to leave the cabin of his starving mother, and push out into the world, a friend- .e>^s, wandering boy, seeking work. He hired him- self out, and thus spent the whole of his youth as a 'aliorer in the fields of others. When twenty-eight years of age he built a log- cabin of his own, and married Nancy Hanks, the daughter of another family of poor Kentucky emi- grants, who had also come from Virginia. Their second child was .■\braham Lincoln, the subject of this sketch. The mother of Abraham was a noble woman, gentle, loving, jiensive, created to adorn a palace, doomed to toil and pine, and die in a hovel. " .Ml that I am, or hoiie to be," exclaims the grate- ful son " I owe to my angel-mother. When he was eight years of age, his father sold his cabin and small farm, and moved to Indiana Where two years later his niotiier died. Abraham soon became the scribe of the uneducated community around liiu). He could not have had a better school than this to teach him to put thouglits into words. He also became an eager reader. The books he could obtain were few ; but these he read and re-read until they were almost committed to memory. As the years rolled on, the lot of this lowly family was the usual lot of humanity. There were joys and griefs, weddings and funerals. Abraham's sister Sarah, to whom he was tenderly attached, was mar- ried when a child of but fourteen years of age, and soon died. The family was gradually scattered. Mr. Thomas Lincoln sold out his squatter's claim in 1830, and emigrated to Macon Co., III. Abraham Lincoln was then twenty-one years of age. With vigorous hands he aided his father in rearing another log-cabin. Abraham worked diligently at this until he saw the family comfortably settled, and their sm.ill lot of enclosed prairie [ilanted with corn, when he announced to his father his intention to leave home, and to go out into the world and seek his for- tune. Little did he or his friends imagine how bril- liant that fortune w.-.s to be. He saw the value of education and was intensely earnest to improve his mind to the utmost of his power. He snw the ruin which ardent spirits were causing, and became strictly temperate; refusing to allow a drop of intoxi- cating liquor to pass his lips. And he had read in God's word, " Thou shall not take the name of the lj3rd thy God in vain;" and a profane exi)ression he was never heard to utter. Religion he revered. His morals were pure, and he was unconlaminated by a single vice. Young Abraham worked for a time as a hired lalx)rer among the farmers. Then he went to Springfield, where he was employed in building a large flat-lwat. In this he took a herd of swine, floated them dowr^ the Sangamon to the Illinois, and thence by the Mis- sissippi to New Orleans. Whati;ver Al>raham Lin- coln undertook, he i)erformed so f.iithfully as to give great satisfaction to his employers. In this adven- So ABRAHAM LINCOLN. tLire his employer were so well pleased, that upon his return tiiey pUced a store and uiill under his care. In 1832, at the outbreak of the Black Hawk war, he enlisted and was chosen captain of a company. He returned to Sangamon County, and although only 23 years of age, wa.' a candidate for tiie Legislature, but was defeated. He soon after received from Andrcsv Jackson the app^intmentof Postmaster of New Salem, His only post-o ice was his hat. All the letters he received he carried there ready to deliver to those he chanced to meet. He studied surveying, and soon made this his business. In 1834 he again became a candidate for the Legislature, and was elected Mr. Stuart, of Springfield, advised him to study law. He walked from New Salem to Springfield, borrowed of Mr. Stuart a load of books, carried them back and began his legal studies. When the Legislature as- sembled he trudged on foot with his pack on his back one hundred miles to Vandalia, liien the capital. In 1836 he was re-elected to the l.x;gislature. Here it was he first met Stephen A. Douglas. In 1839 he re- moved to Springfield and began the practice of law. His success with the jury was so great that he was soon engaged in almost every noted case in the circuit. In 1854 the great discussion began between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas, on the slavery question. In the organization of the Republican party in Illinois, in 1856, he took an active part, and at once became one of the leaders in that party. Mr. Lincoln's speeches in opposition to Senator Douglas in the con- test in 1858 for a seat in the Senate, form a most notable part of his histor)'. The issue was on the slavery question, and he took the broad ground of .he Declaration of Independence, that all men are created equal. Mr. Lincoln was defeated in this con- test, but won a far higher prize. The great Republican Convention met at Chicago on the i6th of June, i860. The delegates and strangers who crowded the city amounted to twenty- five thousand. An immense building called "The Wigwam,' 'as reared to accommodate the Conven- tion. Th , ; were eleven candidates for whom votes were thro .1. William H. Seward, a man whose fame as a statesman had long filled the land, was the most orominent. It was generally supposed he would be the nominee. Abraham Lincoln, however, received the nomination on the third ballot. Little did he then dream of the weary years of toil and care, and the bloody death, to which that nomination doomed him : and as little did he dream tliat he was to vender services to his countr)', which would fix iqion him the eyes of the whole civilized world, and which would give him a place in tlie affections of his countrymen, second cnly, if second, to that of \V'ashington. Election day came and Mr. Lincoln received 180 electoral votes out of 203 cast, and was, therefore, constitutionally elected President of the United States. The tirade of abuse that was poured uiwn this good and merciful man, especially by the slaveholders, was greater than upon any other man ever elected to this high position. In February, 186 1, Mr. Lincoln started for Washington, stopping in all the large cities on his way making speeches. The whole journey was frought with mucli danger. Many of the Southern States had already seceded, and several attempts at assassination were afterwards brought to light. A gang in Balti- more had arranged, upon his arrival to" get up a row," and in the confusion to make sure of his death with revolvers and hand-grenades. A detective unravelled the plot. A secret and special train was provided to take him from Harrisburg, through Baltimore, at an unexpected hour of the night. Tlie train started at half-past ten; and to prevent any possible communi- cation on the part ot tlie Secessionists with their Con- federate gang in Baltimore, as soon as the train had started the telegraph-wires were cut. Mr. Lincoln reached Washington in safety and was inaugurated, although great anxiety was felt by all loyal people. In the selection of his cabinet Mr. Lincoln gave to Mr. Seward the Department of State, and to other prominent opponents before the convention he gave important i»sitions. During no other administration have the duties devolving upon the President been so manifold, and the responsibilities so great, as those which fell to the lot of President Lincoln. Knowing this, and feeling his own weakness and inability to meet, and in his own strength to cope with, the difficulties, he learned early to seek Divine wisdom and guidance in determining his plans, and Divine comfort in all his trials, bo'h personal and national Contrary to his own estimate of himself, Mr. Lincoln was one of the most courageous of men. He went directly into the rebel capital just as the retreating foe was leaving, with no guard but a few sailors. From the time he had left Springfield, in 1861, however, plans had been made for his assassination, and he at last fell a victim tooneofthein. April 14, 1865, lie, with Gen. Grant, was urgently invited to attend Fords' Theater. It was announced that they would be present. Gen. Grant, however, left the city. President Lincoln, feel- ing, with his characteristic kindliness of heart, that it would be a disappointment if he should fail them, very reluctantly consented to go. While listening to the play an actor by the name of John Wilkes Booth entered the box where the President and family were seated, and fired a bullet into his brains. He died the next morning at seven o'clock. Never before, in the history of the world was a nation plunged into such deep grief by the death of its ruler. Strong men met in the streets and wept in speechless anguish. It is not too much to say that a nation was in tears. His was a life which will fitly become a model. His name as tlie savior of his country w'i;! live with that of Washington's, iis father; hisco'^ntry- men being unable to decide which is tVie greater. c ^^:^^-^^>^:iCfi^^c^ S£ YEN TEEN 111 I'liESlUENT. 8? F'?2I5EC5SC Cl^^ JJtt ® rSft. \ •AiNf o u n; w ai NDREW JOHNSON, seven- teenth President of the United Slates. The early life of Andrew Johnson contains but the record of poverty, destitu- w tion and friendlessness. He ^ ;/ was born December 29, 180S, I in Raleigh, N. C. His parents, J belonging to tlie class of the "ixjor whites " of the South, were in such circumstances, that they could not confer even the sliglit- est advantages of education uixjii their child. When Andrew was five years of age, his father accidentally lost his life while herorically endeavoring to save a friend from drowning. Until ten years of age, Andrew was a ragged boy about the streets, supported by the labor of his mother, who obtained her living with her own hands. He then, having never attended a school one day, and being unable either to read or write, was ap- prenticed to a tailor in his native town. A gentleman Was in the habit of going to the tailor's shop occasion- ally, and reading to the boys at work there. He often read from the si)eeches of distinguished British states- men. Andrew, who was endowed with a mind of more than ordinary native ability, became much interested in these speeches ; his ambition was roused, and he was inspired with a strong desire to learn to read. He accordingly applied himself to the alphabet, and with the assistance of some of his fellow- workmen, learned his letters. He then called upon the gcnile- man to borrow the book of speeches. The owner, pleased with his zeal, not only gave him the boot but assisted him in learning to combine the letters into words. Under such difficulties he pressed oi. ward laboriously, spending usually ten or twelve hours at work in the shop, and then robbing himself of rest and recreation to devote such time as he could to reading. He went to Tennessee in 1826, and located at Greenville, where he married a young lady who po3 sessed some education. Under her instructions he learned to write and cipher. He became prominent in the village debating society, and a favorite with the students of Greenville College. In 1828, he or- ganized a working man's party, which elected him alderman, and in 1830 elected him mayor, which position he held three years. He now began to take a Hvely interest in political affairs; identifying himself with the working-classes, to which he belonged. In 1835, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of Tennes- see. He was then just twenty-seven years of age. He became a very active member of the legislature, gave his adhesion to the Democratic party, and in 1840 "stumjied the State," advocating Martin lan Buren's claims to the Presidency, in opposition tothos^ of Gen. Harrison. In this campaign he acquired nuic!; readiness as a speaker, and extended and increased his reputation. In 1841, he was elected Stale Senator; in 1843, he was elected a member of Congress, and by successive elections, held that important post for ten years In 1853, he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1855. In all these res))onsible (losi lions, he discharged his duties with distinguished abi. 84 A NDRE \V JOHNSON. ity, and proved himself the warm friend of the work- ing classes. In 1857, Mr. Johnson was elected United States Senator. Years before, in 1845, he had warmly advocated the annexation of Texas, stating however, as his reason, that he thought this annexation would prob- ably prove " to be the gateway out of which the sable sons of Africa are to pass from bondage to freedom, and become merged in a jwpulation congenial to themselves." In 1850, he also supported the com- promise measures, the two essential features of which were, that the white people of the Territories should be permitted to decide for themselves whether they would enslave the colored people or not, and that the ^'ree States of the North should return to the South persons who attempted to escape from slavery. Mr. Johnson was neverashamedof his lowly origin: on the contrary, he often took pride in avowing that he owed his distinction to his own exertions. "Sir,'* said he on the floor of the Senate, " I do not forget that I am a mechanic ; neither do I forget that Adam was a tailor and sewed fig-leaves, and that our Sav- ior was the son of a carpenter." In the Charleston-Baltimore convention of iSuo, ne was the choice of the Tennessee Democrats for the Presidency. In i86r, when the purpose of the South- 2rn Democracy became apparent, he took a decided stand in favor of the Union, and held that " slavery must be held subordinate to the Union at whatever cost." He returned to Tennessee, and repeatedly imperiled his own life to protect the Unionists of Tennesee. Tennessee having seceded from the Union, President Lincoln, on March 4th, 1862, ap- pwinted him Military Governor of the State, and he established the most stringent military rule. His numerous proclamations attracted wide attention. In 1864, he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and upon the death of Mr. Lincoln, April 15, 1865, became President. In a speech two days later he said, " The American people must be taught, if fhey do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be punished ; that the Government will not always bear with its enemies ; that it is strong not only to protect, but to punish. * * The people must understand that it (treason) is the blackest of crimes, and will surely be punished." Yet his whole administration, the histor)' of which is so well known, was in utter iiwonsistency with, and the most violent opposition to, the principles laid down in that speech. In his loose policy of reconstruction and general amnesty, he was opposed by Congress; and he char- acterized Congress as a new rebellion, and lawlessly defied it, in everything possible, to the utmost. In the beginning of 1868, on account of "high crimes and misdemeanors," the principal of which was the removal of Secrelarj- Stanton, in violation of the Ten- ure of Office Act, articles of impeachment were pre- ferred against him, and the trial began March 23. It was very tedious, continuing for nearly three months. A test article of the impeachment was at length submitted to the court for its action. It was certain that as the court voted upon that article so would it vote upon all. Thirty-four voices pronounced the President guilty. As a two-thirds vote was neces- sary to his condemnation, he was pronounced ac- quitted, notwithstanding the great majority against him. The change of one vote from the Tiot guilty side would have sustained the impeachment. The President, for the remainder of his term, was but httle regarded. He continued, though impotently, his conflict with Congress. His own party did not think it expedient to renominate him for the Presi- dency. The Nation rallied, with enthusiasm unpar- alleled since the days of Washington, around the name of Gen. Grant. .\ndrew Johnson was forgotten. The bullet of the assassin introduced him to the President's chair. Notwithstanding this, never was there presented to a man a better opportunity to im- mortalize his name, and to win the gratitude of a nation. He failed utterly. He retired to his home in Greenville, Tenn., taking no very active part in politics until 1875. On Jan. 26, after an exciting struggle, he was chosen by the Legislature of Ten- nessee, United States Senator in the forty-fourth Con- gress, and took his seat in that body, at the special session convened by President Grant, on the sth of March. On the 27th of July, 1875, the ex-President made a visit to his daughter's home, near Carter Station, Tenn. When he started on his journey, he was apparently in his usual vigorous health, but on reach- ing the residence of his child the following day, was stricken with paralysis, rendering him unconscious. He rallied occasionally, but finally passed away at 2 A.M., July 31, aged sixty-seven years. His fun- eral was attended at Geenville, on the 3d of August, with every demonstration of respect , -«&:« £=:-«- m RXyTMEilFQRB B. HiLYEg, HERFORD B. HAYES, nineteenth President of the United States, was born in Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, al- ^^^ most three months after the ^^ death of his father, Rutherford Hayes. His ancestry on both the paternal and maternal sides, was of the most honorable char- acter. It can be traced, it is said, as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chief- tains, fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both families belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates, and had a large following. Misfor- tune ovtraking the family, George Hayes left Scot- land in 16.S0, and settled in Windsor, Conn. His son George wat born in Windsor, and remained there during his lii'e. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, mar- ried Sarah Lie, and lived from the time of his mar- riage until h!s death in Simsbury, Conn. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufac- turerof scythes at Bradford, Conn. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel ai.d grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a farmer, blacksmith and tavern-keeper. He emigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Hraltlclioro, where he cstablislied a hotel. Here his son Ruth- erford Hayes the father of President Hayes, was born. He was married, in September, 18 13, to Sophia Birchard, of Wilmington, Vt., whose ancestors emi- grated thither from Connecticut, they having been among the wealthiest and best famlies of Norwich. Her ancestry on the male side are traced back to 1635, to John Birciiard, one of the principal founders of Nor\vich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. The father of President Hayes was an industrious, frugal and opened-hearted man. He was of a me- chanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stock- ing, or do almost anything else that he choose to undertake. He was a member of the Church, active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town, and con- ducted his business on Christian principles. After the close of the war of 18 1 2, for reasons inexplicable to his neighbors, he resolved to emigrate to Ohio. The journey from Vermont to Ohio in that day. when there were no canals, steamers, nor railways, was a very serious affair. A tour of inspection was first made, occupying four months. Mr. Hayes deter- mined to move to Delaware, where the family arrived in 1817. He died July 22, 1822, a victim of malarial fever, less than three months before the birth of the son, of whom we now write. Mrs. Hayes, in her sore be- reavement, found the support she so much needed in her brother Sardis, who had been a member of the household from the day of its departure from Ver- mont, and in an or|)han girl whom she had adopted some time before as an act of charity. Mrs. H.Tycs at this period was ver\' weak, and the RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. subject of this sketch was so feeble at birtli that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker, so that the neighbors were in the habit of in- quiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes' baby died iast night." On one occasion a neighbor, wlio was on fimiliar terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head, and the mother's assiduous care of nim, said in a bantering way, " That's right ! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't wonder if he would really come to something yet." " You reed not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes. "You wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his older brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. The boy was seven years old before he went to school. His education, however, was not neglected. He probably learned as much from his mother and fister as he would have done at school. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circumstances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of dispo- sition, and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others, which are marked traits of his character. His uncle Sardis Birchard took the deepest interest in his education ; and as the boy's health had im- proved, and he was making good progress in his studies, he proposed to send hiin to college. His pre- paration commenced with a tutor at home; b'.it he was afterwards sent for one year to a professor in the Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Conn. He en- tered Kenyon College in 1838, at the age of sixteen, and was graduated at the head of his class in 1842. Innnediately after his graduation he began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., in Columbus. Finding his opportunities for study in Columbus somewhat limited, he determined to enter the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he re- mained two years. In 1 845, after graduatmg at the Law School, he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he re- mained three years, acquiring but a limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his pro- fession. In 1849 he moved to Cincmnati, where his ambi- tion found a new stimulus. For several years, how- ever, his progress was slow. Two events, occurring at this period, had a jiowerful influence upon his subse- quent life. One of these was his marrage with Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chilicothe; the other was his introduction to the Cin- cinnati Literary Club, a body embracing among its members such men as'^hief Justice Salmon P.Chase. Gen. John Pope, Gov. Edward F. Noyes, and many others hardly less distinguished in after life. The marriage was a fortunate one in every respect, as everybody knows. Not one of all the wives of our Presidents was more universally admired, reverenced and beloved than was Mrs. Hayes, and no one did more than she to reflect honor upon American woman hood. The Literary Cluu brought Mr. Hayes into constant association with young men of high char- acter and noble aims, and lured him to display the qualities so long hidden by his bashfulne:s and modesty. In 1S56 he was nominated to the office of Judg; o" the Court of Common Pleas; but he declined to ac- cept the nomination. Two years later, the office o' city solicitor becoming vacant, the City Council elected him for the unexpired term. In 1 86 1, when the Rebellion broke out, he was a: the zenith of his professional life. His rank at the bar was among the the first. But the news of the attack on Fort Sumpter found him eager to take mo arms for the defence of his coiintr)'. His military record was bright and illustrious. In October, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1862, promoted Colonel of the 79th Ohio regiment, but he refused to leave his old comrades and go among strangers. Subsequently, however, he was made Colonel of his old regiment. At the battle of South Mountain he received a wound, and while faint and bleeding displayed courage end fortitude that won admiration from all. Col. Hayes was detached from his regiment, after his recovery, to act as Brigadier-General, and placed in command of the celebrated Kanawha division, and for gallant and meritorious services in the battles of NViiichester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General, "for gallant and distirguishtd services during the campaigns of 1864, in West Virginia." In the course of his arduous services, four horses were shot from under him, and he was wounded four times In 1864, Gen. Hayes was elected to Congress, from the Second Ohio District, which had long been Dem- ocratic. He was not present during the campaign, and after his election was inqiortuned to resign his commission'in the army ; but lie finally declared, " I shall never come to Washington until I can come liy the way of Richmond." He was re-elected in 1866. In 1867, Gen Hayes was elected Governor of Ohio, over Hon. Allen G. Thurman, a popular Democrat. In 1869 was re-elected over George H. Pendleton. He was elected Governor for the third term in r875. In 1876 he was the standard bearer of the Repub- lican Party in the Presidential contest, and after a hard long contest was chosen President, and was in augurated Monday, March 5, 1875. He served his full term, not, hcwever, with satisfaction to his party, but his administration was an average op.=: TiVENTIETH PRESIDENT. 95 t K T-,:,J<^*T...<*^T.: „ 'P - ...::^^^... c y ,,^-- y , ,..c«^*?/. ^ <> ^/ ; .■~ ■p ,, ,.J^T;,! ., y ,,^^ »y ,, ^ ^ ♦ ,^ ^^ jl J Cv> AMES A. OARVIELD, twen- tieth President of the United States, was born Nov. 19, 1S31, in the woods of Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O His par- ents were Abram and Ehza £^ (Ballou) Garfield, bolli of New ':S^ England ancestry and from fami- ies well known in the early his- IJ i, tory of that section of our coun- try, but had moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, early in its settle- ment. The house in which James A. was born was not unlike the houses of { jxior Ohio farmers of that day. It w as about 20x30 feet, built of logs, with the spaces be- tween the logs filled with clay. His father was a nard working farmer, and he soon had his fields .:leared, an orchard i)lanted, and a log barn built. The household comi)rised the father and mother and ;heir four cliildren — Mehetaliel, Thomas, Mary and 'ames. In May, 1823, the father, from a cold con- .racted in helping to put out a forest fire, died. At this time James was about eighteen months old, and Thomas about ten years old. No one, ])erhaps, can rell how much James was indebted lo his biother's toil and self-sacrifice during the twenty years suc- ceeding his father's death, but undoubtedly very much. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sis- xtrs live in .Solon, O., near their birthplace. The early educational advantages young Garfield enjoyed were very limited, yet he made the most of them. He labored at farm work for others, did car- I)enter work, chopped wood, or did anything that would bring in a few dollars to aid his widowed mother in he' ■struggles to keep the little family to- gether. Nor was Gen. Garfield ever ashamed of hi'; origin, and he never forgot the friends of his strug- gling childhood, youth and manhood, neither did they ever forget him. Wiien in the highest seats of honor the humblest fiiend of his boyliood was as kindly greeted as ever. The poorest laborer was sure of the sympathy of one who had known all the bitterness of want and the sweetness of bread earned by the sweat of the brow. He was ever the simple, plain, modest gentleman. The highest ambition of young Garfield until hi was about si.xtcen years old was to be a captain of a vessel on Lake Eiie. He was anxious to go aboard a vessel, which his mother strongly opposed. She finally consented to his going to Cleveland, with th^ understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked alF the way lo Cleveland. This was his first visit to the city After making many applications for work, and trying to get aboard a lake vessel, and not meeting with success, he engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio &: Pennsylvania Canal. He re- mained at this work but a short time when he wen' home, and attended the seminary at Chester for about three years, when he entered Hiram and the Eclectic Institute, teaching a few terms of school in the meantime, and doing other work. This school was started by the Disciples of Christ in 1850, of which church he was then a member. He became janitor and bell-ringer in order to help pay his way. He then became both teacher and pupil. He soon " exhausted Hiram " and needed more ; hence, in the fall of 1854, he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest hon- ors of his class. He afterxvards returned to Hirnni College as its Presit'ent. As above stated, he early united with the Christian or Diciples Church at Hiram, and was ever after a devoted, zealous mem- ber, often preaching in its jiulpit and i)laces where he liappened to be. Dr. Noah Porter, President of Yale Colleiir, -.ivq df him in n-fercni r 10 lii'; leliuion ; 96 JAMES A. GARFIELD. " President Garfield was more than a man of strong moral and religious convictions. His whole history, from boyhood to the last, shows that duty to man and to God, and devotion to Christ and life and faith and spiritual commission were controlling springs of his being, and to a more than usual degree. In my jadgmenc there is no more interesting feature of his character than his loyal allegiance to the body of Christians in which he was trained, and the fervent sympathy which he ever showed in their Christian communion. Not many of the few 'wise and mighty and noble who are called' show a similar loyalty to the less stately and cultured Christian comnmnions in which they have been reared. Too often it is true that as they step upward in social and political sig- nificance they step upward from one degree to another in some of the many types of fashionable Christianity. President Garfield adhered to the church of his mother, the church in which he was trained, and in which he served as a pillar and an evangelist, and yet with the largest and most unsec- tarian charily for all 'who loveour Lord in sincerity.'" Mr. Garfield was united in marriage with Miss Lucretia Rudolph, Nov. 1 1, 185 8, who proved herself worthy as the wife of one whom all the world loved and mourned. To them were born seven children, five of whom are still living, four boys and one girl. Mr. Garfield made his first political speeches in 1856, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meet- ings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in 1 86 1 was admitted to the bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he had talked, and enlisted to defend the old flag. He re- ceived his commission as Lieut.-Colonel of the Forty- second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Aug. 14, 1861. He was immediately put into active ser- vice, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action, was placed in command of four regiments of infantrj- and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of his native State the officer (Humphrey Marshall) reputed to be the ablest of those, not educated to war whom Kentucky had given to the Rebellion. This work was bravely and speed- ily accomplished, although against great odds. Pres- ident Lincoln, on his success commissioned him Brigadier-General, Jan. 10, 1862; and as "he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Crcn. Buell's army at Sliiloli, in its operations around Corinth and its march tlirougli Alabama. He was then detailed as a memberof tlie General Couit-Martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-John Porter. He was then ordered to report to Gei;. Rose- crans, and was assigned to the " Chief of Staff" The military history of Gen, Garfield closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of the Major-General. Without an effort on his part Get? Garfield was elected to Congress in the fall of 1862 from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of Ohio had been represented in Congress for si.xty years mainly by two men — Elisha AVhittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. It was not without a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the time he en- tered Congress he was the youngest member in that body. Ther*; he remained by successive re- elections until he was elected President in 1880. Of his labors in Congress Senator Hoar says : " Since the year 1864 you cannot think of a question which has been debated in Congress, or discussed before a tribunel of the American people, in regard to which you will not find, if you wish mstruction, the argu- ment on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield." Upon Jan. 14, 1880, Gen. Garfield was elected to the U. S. Senate, and on the eighth of June, of the same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on March 4, 1881, was inaugurated. Probably no ad- ministration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices than that of President Garfield, and every day it grew in favo." with the peo^jle, and by the first of July he had completed all the initiatory and pre- liminary work of his administration and was prepar- ing to leave the city to meet his friends at Williams College. While on his way and at the depot, in com- pany with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. The President tottered and fell, laid as he did so the assassin fired a second shot, the bullet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but in.licting no further injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was " the shot that was heard round the world " Never before in the history of the Nation had anything oc- curred which so nearly froze the blood of the peop'-; for the moment, as this awful deed. He was smit- ten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, and was at the summit of his power and hope. For eighty days, all during the hot months of July and August, he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing was teaching the country and the world the noblest of human lessons — how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was surpass- ingly great in death. He passed serenely away Sept. 19, 1883, at Elberon, N. J , on the very bank of the ocean, where he had been taken shortly previous. The world wept at his death, as it never had done on the death of any other man who had ever lived upon it. Tlie murderer was duly tried, found guilty and exe- cuted, in one year after he committed the foul deed. '^ T IVEN T Y- FfRS T PRESIDENT. 99 .2;^^^A!f^.^^#S«!^^|^^|Mk. CM ( W, ;5^r ii> ^^^^^^li^' Ac ^"T^'V \ IJi !<, HESTER A. ARTHUR, >) twenty-first Presi'i^iu of the United States was bom in Franklin Cour ty, Vermont, on thefifthofOdober, 1S30, and is the oldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father was the Rev. Dr. William Arthur, aBaptistd.rgyman, who emigrated to tb.s countr)' from the county Ant.nm, Ireland, in his iSth year, and died in 1875, in Newtonville, neai Albany, after a long and successful ministr)' Young Arthur was educated at Union College, S( henectady, where he excelled in all his studies. Af- ter his graduation he taught school in Vennont for two years, and at the expiration cf that time came to New York, with S500 in his ixjcket, and eiitered the oflSce of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as student. After I being admitted to the bar he formed *. partnership with his intimate friencl and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about in the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a success^ ful career almost from the start. General Arthur soon afterward 'naxr'pd the daughter of Lieutenant Hemdon, of the United States Navy, who was lost at sea. Congress voted a gold medal to his widow in recognition of the bravery he displayed on that occa- sion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. Arthur's nomination to the Vice Presidency, leaving two children. Gen. Arthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemmon suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Superior Court of New York City. It was in 1852 that Jon, athan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went tip from the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized the Attorney General of that State to assist in an appeal. Wm. M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the People, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Charles O'Conor here espoused the cause of the slave-holders, but he too was beaten by Messrs Evarts and Arthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race. Another great service was rendered by General Arthur in the same cause in 1S56. Lizzie Jennings, a respectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. General Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the compa- ny issued an order to admit colored persons to ride on their cars, and the other car companies quickly CHESTER A. ARTHUR. followed their example. Before that the Sixth Ave- nue Company ran a few special cars for colored per- sons and the other lines refused to let them ride at all. General Arthur was a delegate to the Convention at Saratoga that founded the Republican party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Gov- ernor Morgan, of that State, appointed him Engineer- in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspec- tor General, and soon afterward became Quartermas- ter-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Government during the war. At the end of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, was added to the firm. The legal prac- tice of this well-known firm was very large and lucra- tive, each of the gentlemen composing it were able lawyers, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not indeed one of national extent. He always took a leading part in State and city politics. He was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, Nov. 21 1 87 2, to suc- ceed Thomas Murphy, and held the office until July, 20, 1878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merrill. Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Piesidenlial ticket, with Gen. James A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880. This was perhaps the greatest political convention thai ever assembled on the continent. It was composed of the 'wading politicians of the Re- publican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for their respective candidates that were before the conven- tion for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield re- ceived the nomination for President and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic party, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election. Finally the election came and the country's choice ivas Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated March 4, i88(, as President and Vice-President. A few months only had passed ere the newly chosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering, — those moments of anxious suspense, when the hearts of all civilized na- tions were throbbing in unison, longing for the re- covery of the noble, the good President. The remark- able patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suf- fering man has often been called upon to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainly God- like. During all this period of deepest anxiety Mr. Arthur's every move was watched, and be it said to his credit that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recover, to serve the remainder of the term he had so auspi- ciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifested in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored ]X)sition in the world was at any moment likely to fall to him. At last God in his mercy relieved President Gar- field from further suffering, and the world, as never before in its history over the death of any other man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty of the Vice President to £.ssume the responsibilities of the high office, and he took the oath in New York, Sept. 20, i88r. The position was an embarrassing one to him, made doubly so from the facts that all eyes were on him, anxious to know what he would do, what policy he would pursue, and who he would se- lect as advisers. The duties of the office had been greatly neglected during the President's long illness, and many important measures were to be immediately decided by him ; and still farther to embarrass him he did not fail to realize under what circumstances he became President, and knew the feeHngs of many on this point. Under these trying circumstances President Arthur took the reins of the Government in his own hands ; and, as embarrassing as were the condition of affairs, he happily surprised the nation, acting so wisely that but few criticised his administration. He served the nation well and faithfully, until the close of his administration, March 4, 1885, and was a popular candidate before his party for a second term. Mis name was ably presented before the con- vention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal popularity of one of the opposing candidates, he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life car- rying with him the best wishes of the American peo- ple, whom he had served in a manner satisfactory to them and with credit to himself. yii:rL£y;r CJ^C^o-C^(lyLy\^\^^ TWENTY-SECOND PRESIDENT. •=3 .^1?^/^?X>,v^ '>k: -S!'.5*3iS#^fS^S:3c- gin the practice of law. He sold his lot, and with the money in his pocket, he started out witii bis young wife to fight for a place in the world. I.'e 108 litiN.iAMJN HARRISON, decided to go to Indianapolis, which was even at that time a town of promise. lie met with slight encouragement at fi , malving scarcely an3'thing the first year. He w 'ied diligentl.v, applying him- self closely to his .lling, built up an extensive practice and took a i -ading rani< iu tlic legal pro- j'ession. He is the father of two children. In 18G0 Mr. Han-ison was nominated for tlie position of Supreme Court Reporter, and tlien be- gan his experience as a stump speakc He can- vassed the State thoroughly, and was elected by a handsome majority. In 1862 he raised the 17th Indiana lufantr}', and was chosen its Colonel. His regiment w.is composed of the rawest of material, out Col. Harrison employed all his time at first mastering military tactics and drilling his men, when he therefore came to move toward the East with Sherman his I'egiment was one of the best drilled and organized in the army. At Resaca he especially distinguished himself, and for his bravery fit Peachtree Creek lie was made a Brigadier Gen- eral, Gen. Hooker speaking of him in the most complimentary terms. During the absence of Gen. Harrison in the field lie Supreme Court declared the office of the Su- preme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to the position. From the time of leav- ir^ Indiana with his regiment until the fall of 1864 he had taken no leave of absence, but having been nominated that year for the same office, lie got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time made a brilliant canvass of the State, and was elected for another term. He then started to rejoin Sher- man, but on the way was stricken down with scarlet :ever, and after a most trying siege made his way to the fr*^ nt in time to participate in the closing incidents of the war. In 18C8 Gen. Harrison declined z re-election as ieporter and resumed the practice of law. In 1876 Be was a candidate for Governor. Although de- feated, the brilliant campaign he made won for him a National reputation, and he was much sought, es- pecially in the East, to make speeches. In 1880, as usual, he took an active part in the campaign, and wa-: elected to the United States Senate. Here he served six years, and was known as one of the ablest men, best lawyers and strongest debaters in that bod}'. AVith the expiration of his Senatorial terra he returned to the practice of his profession, becoming the head of one of the strongest firms in the State. The political campaign of 1888 was one of the most memorable in the history of our country. The convention which assembled in Chicago in June and named Mr. Harrison as the chief standard bearer of tlie Republican part}', w.as great in ever}' partic- ular, and on this account, and the attitude it as- sumed u^ion the vital questions of the day, chief among which w.as the tariff, awoke a deep interest in the campaign throughout the Nation. Shortly after the nomination delegations began to visit Mr. Harrison at Indianapolis, his home. This move- ment became popular, and from all sections of the countr}' societies, clubs and delegations journeyed thither to paj' their respects to the distinguished statesman. The popularity of these was gi'eatly increased on account of tlie remarkable speeches made by Mr. Harrison. He spoke daily all through the summer and autumn to these visiting delega- tions, and so varied, masterly and eloquent were his speeches that they at once placed him in the foremost rank of American orators and statesmen. On account of his eloquence as a speaker and his power as a debater, he was called upon at an un- commonly early age to take part iu the discussion of the gre.at questions that then began to agitate tiie countiy. He was an uncompromising ant; slavery man, and vras matched against some of t!:e most eminent Democratic speakers of his State. No man who felt the touch of his blade desired to he pitted witli him again. M'hh all his eloq-'ence as an orator he never spoke for oratorical effect, but his words always went like bullets to the mark He is purely American in his ideas and is a spier did tyiie of the American statesman. Gifted witli quick perception, a logical mind and a ready tongue, he is one of the most distinguished impromptu siieakers in the Nation. Many of these speeches sparkled with the rarest of eloquence and contained arguments of greatest weight. Many of his terse slatement.s have already become a()liorisms. Origi- nal in thought, precise in logic, terse in statement, jet withal faultless in eloquence, he is recognized as the sound statesman and brill iant orator o* the day ^^ #^4',^^ iS4?^i^ fe' f#^ P^'^n^^(^ liUMCUNUUS Ol" U)^VA. 111 -)S<®y^:2j€^-^ InsQi B^m^. -iiO-J^ ■F , oc>o \J NSEL BRIGGS, the first '■>! iroiitlcni:in chosen to fill the s^ iriil>i'in:»lori:il chair of Iowa '] after its organizjition as a State, was a native of ^'cr- mont. antl was born Feb. 3, s ISOG. His parents, who likewise wei'e New En<,'laiulers, were Ben- , janiin and Electa Briggs. The bo^'hood of our siiliject was passi'd ill his native State, and in .at- • yC •<^''"l:i''i'e u[)on the common schools he received a fair education wiiicii was sul)sc(iuently iiiii>rt)vcd l>y a term at Norwich Acailemy. ^Vllcn I a j'oung man he removed with his parents to ('.•imbridge, (iuernsey Co.. Oliio, wliere young Briggs engaged in the work of esUiblishing stage lines. He also here embarked in political affairs and !l< a Wln'g run for the office of County Auditor l)ul was defeated l)y John Ferguson, a .lacksoii Ijcniocrat. After remaining in Oiiio fur six years, the glow- ing accounts of the (airfields and llie fertile prairies of the Territory of Iowa, led him westward across the Father of Waters. He had previou.«iy united hir fortunes in life with Nancy >I. Dunlap. daugh- tei (.f Major Dunlap. an ollieer in the War of I.S12. i*-vcn prior to tiiis marri.age he had chosen a wife, :■ lady who was born on the same day and year as lUmself, but of whom he w.as soon bereft. He 'jrouglit witii him to Iowa his little family and lo- I'atcd at Audri'W n< '•"•Uoni ''-.luulv. Ses'"'C the opportunity here for resuming his former business, he began opening up stage lines, frequently driving the old stage coach himself. He maile several con- tracts with the Postoffice Department for carrying the United States mails weekly between Dubuque and I)aveni>ort, Dubuque and Iowa City and othei routes, thus opening up and carr3-ing on a very im portant enterprise. Politically, Gov. Briggs was a Democrat, and on coming to Iowa identified him- self with that party. In 1.S42 he wiis chosen a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from .lackson County, and subsi'(piently was eli-cted Sheritf of the same county. He had taken a Icail- ing part in public affairs, and iquju the formation of the State ( lovernment in \Xii'<, he became a jirom- inent candidate for Governor, and though his com- [K'titors in hi, own j)arty were distinguished and well-known citizens, Mr. Briggs receive2(> votes and his competitor, Thomas McKnight, the Whig candidate, 7,379, giving Briggs a major- it3' of 247. The principal question hetwcen the two leading parties, the Democratic and tlie Whig, at this period, was tiiat of the banking sj'stem. It is related that I short time prior to the meeting of the conven- iion which nominated ^Ir. Briggs, that in oflfering I toast at a banquet, he stnu k the key-note which made him the popular man of the hour. He said, '' No banks but earth and Hkw well tilled." This was at once caught up by his party and it did more to secure him the nomination than anj^tliing else. His adniinistraticm was one void of any special in- terest. He labored in harmonious accord with his party, yet frequently exhibited an independence of principle, characteristic of his nature. The Mis- souri boundarj' question which caused a great deal of excited controversy at this period, and even a determination to resort to arms, was handled by him with great ability. On his election as Executive of the State, Gov. Briggs sold out his mail contract, but after the ex- piration of his term of service he continued his i-esidence in Jackson County. In 1870 he removed to Council Bluffs. He had visited the western part of the State before the day of railroads in that section, making the trip b}' carriage. On the occa- sion he enrolled himself as one of the founders of the town of Florence on the Nebraska side of the river and six miles above Council Bluffs, and which for a time was a vigorous ri\-al of Omaha. Dur- ing the mining excitement, in IdGO, he made a trip to Colorado, and three years later, in company with his son John and a large party, went to Montana, where he remained until the year 1865, when he returned to his home in Iowa. As above stated. Gov. Briggs was twice married, his first wife being his companion for :. brief time onl}". His second wife bore him eight children, all of whom died in infancy save two, and of these lat- ter, Ansel, Jr., died May 15, 1867, aged twenty- ■ five years. John S. Briggs, the only survivor of the family, is editor of the Idaho Herald, puljlished at Blackfoot, Idaho Territory. Jlrs. Briggs died Dec. 30, 1847, while her husband was Governor of the State. She was a devoted Christian lad^', a strict member of the Presbyterian Church, and a woman of strong domestic tastes. She was highly educated, and endowed by nature with that womanl}' tact and gi-ace which enabled her to adorn the high position her husband had attained. She dispensed a bounteous hospitality, though her home was in a log house, and was highly esteemed and admired bj- all who met her. Gov. Briggs went in and out among his people for many years after his retirement from the execu- tive office, and even after his return from the Mon tana expedition. He was admired for his able services rendered so unselfishly- during the pioneer period of the now great and [Hipulous State. His last illness, ulceration of the stomach, was of brief duration, liisting only five weeks, indeed only three days before his death he was able to be out. His demise occurred at the residence of his son, John S. Briggs, in Omaha, Neb., at half-past three of the morning of May 5, 1881. His death was greatly mourned all over the State. Upon the following day. Gov. Gear issued a proclamation reciting his services to the State, ordering half-hour guns to be tired and the national flag on the State capitol to be put at half-mast during the day upon which the funeral was iield, which was the following Sun- day succeeding his death. * ^~^'^<$Msy^~^ *' ^-.^z: GOVKUNOUS OF lONVA. ll.'i •'^'--^-^^:^^^i^}<^^^^-^ TEPIIEN HEMPSTEAD, see uiul Governor t>{ Iowa, is a native of Connecticut, where, at New London, he was l)orn > Oct. 1, 1812. He resided in , that State with liis parents until 1828, when Ihe family came West, locating u|x>n a farm near .Saint Louis. Tliis was the home of J'oung .Stei)lK'n until 1 830, when he went to Galena. 111., where he served in the capacity of a clerk in a conunission house for a time, lie was there during the exciting period of the I5lack Hawk ti'oul)les. and was an oflicer in an artillery conipany which had been organized for the protec- tion of (ialena. After the defeat of ISlack Hawk and the consequent tfi'niination of Indian troubles, lie entered the Illinois College at Jacksonville, where he remained for aliout two years. On ac- count of dilliculties which he got into about seet"riani.in and abolitionism, he left the college anf', rrf.'-neil to Missouri. lie shortly afterward entered tlie olliee of Charles S. Hemijstead, a prom- inent lawyer of Galena, and began the >tu(ly of the lirofessiou iu which he afterward became quite pro- ficient. In 1836 he was admitted to practice In all the courts of the Territory of Wisconsin, which at the time endtraced the Territorv of Iowa, and the same year located at Dubuque, being the first law- yer wlu) l)egan tlu' inactice of his profession at that pl.ice. As might be expected in a territorj' but thinly populated, but one which was rapidly settling up, the services of an able attorney would be in de- mand in order to draft the laws. Upon the organ- ization of the Territorial Government of Iowa in 1838, he wa.s, with Gen. Warner Lewis, elected to represent the northern portion of the Territory in the Legislative CV»uncil, which assembled in Bur- lington that year. He was Chairman of the Com- mittee Judiciary, and at the second session of that body was elected its President. He was again elected a member of the Council, in 1845, over which he also jjresided. In 1844 he was elected one of the delegates of Duliucpie County, for the first convention to frame a constitution for the State. In 1848, in company with Judge Cn.arles JIason and W. (J. Woodward, he was ap|K>inted by the Legislature Commissioner to revise the laws of the State, which revision, with .-i few amend- ments, was atlopted as the i ode of Iowa in lK."il. In 1850 Mr. lleniiwtead was elected Governor of lie STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD. bility for four }-ears, the Statu, and served with that being the full term under the Constitution at the time. He received 13,480 votes against 11,- 403 cast for his opponent, James L. Thompson. After the vote had been canvassed a committee vi'as appointed to inform the Governor-elect that the two Houses of the Legislature were rcadj'to re- ceive him in joint convention, in order that he might receive the oath prescribed by the Constitu- tion. Gov. Hempstead, accompanied by the retir- ing Executive, Gov. Briggs, the Judges of the Su- preme Court and the ollicers of State, entered the hall of the House where the Governor-elect deliv- ered his inaugiu'al message, after which the oath was administered by the Chief Justice of the Su- preme Court. This was an important period in the history of the State, being at a time when the pub- lic affairs were assuming definite shape, and indeed it was what miglit be termed the formative period. The session of the Legislature {massed many imjjort- ant acts which were approved by the Governor, and during his term there were fifty-two new counties formed. Gov. Hempstead in his message to the Fourth General Assemblj- in December, 1852, stated that among other tilings, the pojjulation of the State according to the Federal census w;is 192,- 214, and that the State census showed an increase for one j'ear of 37,786. He also stated that the rc- •sources of the State -for the coming two j-ears ■would be sufficient to cancel all that part of funded debt which was pa\'able at its oj^tion. Among the numerous counties organized was one 'jamed Buncombe, which received its name in the .'oUowing way : The Legislature was composed of a >arge majority favoring stringent corporation laws and the liability of individual stodcholders for cor- 7)araie dcltts. This scnti^nent. on account of the sgitation of railroad enterprises then being inaugu- rated, brought a large number of prominent men lO the capital. To have an effect iii)on the Legis- lature, thc^' organized a "lobbj- Legislature." and fleeted as Governor, Verplank Van Antwerp, who delivered to the self-constituted body a lengthy message in which he sliarpl}- criticized the regular General Assembly. Some of the members of the latter were in the habit of making long and useful speeches much to the hindrance of business. To these he especiallj' referred, charging tliem with speaking for •' Buncombe," and recommended that as a lasting memorial a county should be called by that name. This suggestion was readily seized on bj- the Legislature, and the county of Buncombe was created with few dissenting voices. However, the General Assembly, in 18G-2. changed the name to Lj- on, in honor of Gen. Xathaniel L3'ou who was killed in the earlj' part of the Civil War. The season of 1851 was one of great disappoint- ment to the pioneers of Iowa, and much suffering was the result of the bad season of that year. By the j'ear 1854, the State had fully recovered from the depression thus produced, and that year as well as the following, the emigration from the East was unprecedented. The prairies of Illinois were lined day after day with a continuous caravan of emi- grants pushing on toward Iowa. During a single month 1743 wagons bound for Iowa passed through Peoria. So remarkable had been the influx of peo- ple into the State, that in an issue of the Bui ling- ton Teleyrnph appeared the following statement: " Twent}- thousand emigrants have passed through the city within the last thirty days, and thej- are still crossing the Mississippi at the rate of 600 a day." At the expiration of his term of service, which occurred in the latter part of the year 1854, Gov. Hempstead returned to his old home at Dubuque. In 1855 he w.as elected County Judge of Dul)uque County, and so acceptably did he serve the people that for twelve j^ears he was chosen to fill that i)osi- tion. Under his administiation the principal county building, including the jail, poorhouse, as well as some valuable bridges, were erected. Owing to ill-health he was compelled to retire from l)ublic life, passing the remainder of iiis days in quietude and repose at Dubuque. There he lived until P^eb. 16, 1883, when, at his home, tiia light o" his long and eventful life went out. The record he has made, which was an honorable and distin- guished one, was closed, and Iowa was called ir;on to mourn the loss of one of her most distinguished pioneer citizens. He had been an unusually useful man of the State and his services, which were able and wise, were rendered in that unselfish spirit which distinguished so many of the early residents of this now prosperous State. ^ C'/-? p GOVKRNOIiS OF IOWA. 11!» ^■^OJa>. .,^^i^^ — y- — . ^m^^hh '^" fjama^ TjJ^ Q^piJ:nQS* ,.^>— 5^?S?S»^ -*-: .t<.ii*..t-*..r..t..-t. .t..*..T.A.t.A.t.-t«.t,4'«J&.>.r«.j..tipt'-t.A--^^^ •■!■ ^ jfe - '^ AMKS W. OHIMKS. tho thiril gentlenuiii tu (ill tlie Executive Chair of the St^ite of Iowa, was boni in the towni of Deering, Hillsbor- ough Co., N. IL, Oct. 20, l!^l(). His parents, John and lllizahcth (Wilson) Grimes, were also natives of the same town. The former was born on the 11 th of August, 1772, and the mother March 19,177:3. Thej- became the parents of eight children, of whom .James was the youngest and be- came one of the most distinguished citizens of Iowa. He attended the district schools, and in early childhood evinced an .musual tjistc for learning. Besides attending the district schools, the village pastor instructed him in (ircck and Latin. After completing his prcpar- atiun> for college, which he did at Hampton Acaidly, anil in I'eliruary, \M'), bid adieu to the college halls, and with .lames Walker, of lVterboroui,di, N. 11.. he be- gan tl;-> study of his chosen profession. Keeling that his native State .attoraed too Innited advantJiges, and, in t.act, being of a rather aa vent- urous disposition, as well as ambitious, he desired broader fiehls in which to carve for himself a tort- une. He accordingly left the home tiiat h.ad sheltered him during his boyhood days, and turn- ing his face Westward jn'oceedcd until he had crossed the great Father of Waters. It was m 183G, and j'oung Grimes was indeed 3'oungto tbus take upon himself such responsibilities; but pos- sessing business fcict, determination and ten.aeity, as well as an excellent professional training, he de- termined to open an oflice in the then new towTi of IJurlington, Iowa. Here he hung out his shingle, and ere long had established a reputation whicli extended far lieyond the confines of the little city. In April, l.s;i7. he wjis appointed City Solicitor, and entering upon the duties of that oflice he assisted in drawing up the first ])olice laws of that town. In 1.h;JH he was ap])ointed Justice of the Peace, and became a law partner of William W. Cha])man, I'nited .States District Attorney for Wisconsin Territory. In the early part of the year IHil he formed a partnership with Henry W.Starr, Ksij., which contiiuied twelve years. This firm stood at the head of the legal profession in Iowa. Mr. (irimes was widely known iii a counselor with I 20 JAMES W. GRIMES. superior knowledge of flio l;i\v. and with a clear sense of tnilli and justice. He was chosen one of tlie Representatives of Des Moines County in the first Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, which convened at Burlington, Nov. 12, 1838; in the sixth, at Iowa Citj% Dec. 4, 1813; and in the fcv.i th (Jencral Assembly of the State, at Iowa City, Dec. G, l!^,')-2. He earlj^ took front rank among the public men of Iowa. He was Chairman of the Judiciar}' Committee in the House of Representa- tives of the first Legislative Assembly of the Ter- ritorj'. and all laws for the new Territory passed through his hands. Mr. Grimes had become proniinently identified with the "Whig part3% and being distinguished as an able la\v}'er, as well as a fair-minded, conscientious man, he was a i)rominent candidate for Governor before the convention which met in Februaiy, 18.54. it was the largest convention of that party ever lield in Iowa and the last. He was chosen as a nom- inee for Governor, was dulj- elected, and in Decem- ber, 1854, assumed the duties of the office. Shortly after his election it was proposed that he should go to the United States Senate, but he gave his ad- mirers to understand that he was determined to fill The term of office for which he had been chosen. This he did, serving the full term to the entire sat- isf.action of all parties. He Wiis a faithful party leader, and so able were his services that, while at the time of his election a.s Governor Democracy reigned supreme in the State and its representatives in Congress were allied to the sla\e power, he turned tlie State over to the Republican part3\ His term of office expired .Tan. 14, 1858, when he retired from the Executive Chair, only, how- ever, to assume the responsibilities of a United States Senator. Upon the 4th of jNIai-ch of the fol- iowhig 3'ear he took his seat in the Senate' and was ()laced upon the Committee on Xaval Affairs, upon which he remained during his Senatorial career, serving as Cliairniau of that important committee from December, l.S(U. Jan. lO, 1804, Mr. Grimes was again chosen to represent Iowa in the Senate of the United States, receiving all but six of the votes of the General Assembly in joint convention. His counsel was often sought in matters of great moment, and in cases of peculiar difficuUy. Al- ways ready to promote the welfare of the State, he gave, unsolicited, land worth $6,000 to the Congre- gational College, at Grinnell. It constitutes the '• Grimes foundation," and "is to be applied to the establishment and maintenance in Iowa College, forever, of four scholarships, to be awarded by the Trustees, on the recommendation of the f.aculty, to the best scholars, and the most promising, in any department, who majr need and seek such aid, and without any regard to the religious tenets or opin- ions entertained b\' any person seeking either of said scholarships." These terms were imposed by Mr. Grimes, and assumed Jul3' 20, 1865, by the Trustees. He received the honoraiy degree of LL.D. in 1865 from Dartmouth College, and also from Iowa College. He also aided in founding a public lilir.-iry in Burlington, donating s5,000. which was expended in the purchase of costlj' books, and subsequently sent from Europe 256 volumes in the (4erman language, and also contributed (lOO vol- umes of iiublic dcjcuments. In .Tanuaiy, 1869, he made a donation of §5,000 to Dartmouth College, and §1,000 to the "Social Friend," a literary society of which he was a mem- ber when in college. His health failing. Mr. Grimes sailed for Europe, April 14, 1869, remaining abroad two years, reaching home Sept. 22, 1871, apparently in im- proved health and spirits. In November he cele- brated his silver wedding, and spent the closing months of his life with his family. He voted at the city election, Feb. 5, 1872, and was suddenly attacked with severe pains in the region of the heart, and died after a few short hours of intense suffering. Senator Grimes was united in marriage at Bur- lington, la., Nov. 9, 1846, with INIiss Sarah Elizabeth Neally. i\Ir. Grimes stood in the foremost ranks among the men of his time, not only in the State but of the nation. The young attorney who left the granite iiills of New HaMip>iilre for the fertile prairies of the West, distinguished himself both .ns an attorney and a statesman. His personal liistory is so inseparably interw'oven in that of the history of the State tiiat a sketch of his life is indeed but a record of the history of his adopted State diu'ing the years of his manhood and vigor. d. "^^- ^f^L.^ GOVEUNOliS OF IOWA. 123 iy^lo.A^ x>;x -^/^)§(^>OG/a:x-^^ ■•o^-^X®-"*"" . ^^ALPII 1'. LOWK. the fourth Governor of the State of Iowa, w.ns born in Ohio in the year l!SOS, and like many others of the (lii-tinsj^ni^lied men of Iowa, eame within her •orders in earl}' pioneer ^ times. He was a 3"oung man -" but a little over thirty j-ears t of age when he crossed the great ^K^'" 'V.^ Father of Waters, settling' upon its '! '"' , western bank at the then small vill- - age of JIuscatine. He at once identified himself with the interests of the gi'owing citv. and ere long became quite promiucnt in local affairs and of recognized abilit}' in questions of public policy. He was shortly after- ward chosen as a representative from JIuscatinc Count}' to the Constitutional Convention of 1844, which framed the Constitution which was rejected by the peo|»le. After this constitutional convention, Mr. Lowe took no further part in public matters for a num- ber of years. He removed to Lee County about 1 849 or '50, where he became District Judge as a successor to George II. Williams, who w.as after- ward famous as rrcsident Grant's Attorney Gen- eral. He was District Judge five years, from 18.52 to lH,"i7, being sticceeded liy .Judge Claggett. In the summer of 18.'i7 lie was nominated by the Re- ]>ublican.s for Governor of Iowa, with Onin Favillc for Lieutenant-Governor. The Democracy ^jut in the field Benjamin M. Samuels for Govenwr and George Gillas|iy for Lieutenaut-Goveruor. There was a third ticket in the field, supported by tho American or ''Know-Xothing " i)arty, and bearing the names of T. F. Henry and Kaston Moiris. The election was held in October, ISiil, and gave Mr. Lowe 38,4!KS votes, against 30,088 for Mr Samuels, and 1,00(! for Jlr. Henry. Hitherto the term of oflice had been four yeaiv but by an amendment to the Constitution this w;is now reduced to two. Gov. Lowe was inaug- urated Jan. 14, 1858, and at once sent his first mes.sagc to the Legislature. Among the measures passed bj' this Legislature were liills to iucoriX)rate tlic State Bank oi Iowa; to provide for an agricult- ural college; to authorize the business of banking; disposing of the land grant made by Congi-ess lo the Des Moines Valley Kailr'oad; to provide for the erection of an institution for the education of the blind, and to provide for taking a St;ite census. No events of importance occurred during tiie administration of Gov. Lowe, but it was not a {leriod of uniulerru])teditrosperity. The Governor SJiid in his bieiuiial messiige of Jan. 10, 18C0, reviewing the preceeding two j'eai-s: "The jieriod that has ebipsed since the last l)iennial session has been one of great disturbing causes, and of anxious solicilu0>->t-Ot-<_X ^(y<^'^^^^-'-^^ GOVERNORS OF IOWA. Ii'' jjh^:::54^;;:$*3ie*^!g*«;:c*i;;;?*-=^:;:j*-;;;s«>-g;s«»^;;;5*T::-fi»^;:;^ « , V 'III I IE fifth Governor f)f Towa was Samuel J. Kirkwood. lie was born in Hartford County, Md., on his father's farm, Dee. 20, 1813. His father was twice married, fivst to a lady named C'oul.tlier of two sons. After the death of this companion, the elder Kirkwot>d was united in marriage with Mary Alexander, wlio bore him three children, all of whom were sons. Of tliis little family Samuel I was the youngest, and when ten years of jvge was sent to Washington City to at- tend a school tiught by John McLcod, a relative of the family. Here he remained for four 3"ears, giv- ing diligent attention to his studies, at the close of which time he entered a drug store at Washington a.s clerk. In this capacity he continued with the exception of eighteen months, until he reached his majiirity. During the interval referred to, young Kirk wot »l w.as living the life of a pedagogue in York County, Pa. In the year 1S;3,'), S.imuel quit Washington and came westward to Richland County, Ohio. His father and brnther liad i>receded him from Mary- land, locating upon a tindicrcd f.-irni in the Huckeye St.-itf. Here Samuel lent them valuable a.ssistance in clearing the farm. He was aniliitious to enter tin- legal profession, .-uid in the year 1 s n, an oi>i)or- «~5K- ^>*C-^ -JK—-^^ tunity was afforded him to enter the fiflice of Thomas W. Bartley, afterward fJovcrnor of (Jhio. The following two 3'ears he gave diligent applica- tion to his books, and in lHt.3, was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Ohio. He was then fortunate eiuiugh to form an association in the pr.actice of his profession witii his former pre- ceptor, which relations continued for eight years. From 18-t.j to 184!) he served as Prosecuting Attorney of his. count}'. In 1849 he was elected as a Democrat to represent his county and district in the Constitutional Convention. In 18ji Mr. Bartlcj', his partner, having been elected to the .Supreme .Tudiciary of the .State, Kirkwooratively little opposition, re-elected — an honor accorded for the first time in the history of the State. His majority was about 18,000. During his second term he was appointed by President Lincoln to be Jlinister to Denmark, but he declined to enter upon his diplomatic duties until the expir- ation of his term as Governor. The position was kept open for him until that time, but, when it came, pressing private business compelled a declin- ation of the office altogether. In January, l.sG(i, he was a prominent candidate before the Legislature for United States Senator. Senator Harlan had resigned the Senatorship upon his appointment to the office of Secretary of the Interior by President Lincoln, just before his death, but had withdrawn from the cabinet soon after the accession of Mr. Johnson to the Presi- dency. In this way it happened that the Legisla- ture had two terms of United States Senator to fill, a short term of two j-ears, to fill Harlan's unexpired term, and a long term of six years to immediately succeed this ; and Harlan had now become a candi- date for his 0^v^^ successorship, to which Kirkwood also aspired. Ultimately, Kirkwood was elected foi- the first and Harlan for the second term. Dur- ing his brief Senatorial service, Kirkwood did not hesitate to measure swords with Senrltor Sumner, whose natural egotism had begotten in him an ar- rogant and dictatorial manner, borne with humbly until then by his colleagues, in deference to his long experience and eminent ability, but unpalata- ble to an independent AVestern Senator like Kirk- wood. At the close of his Senatorial term. ^March 4, 1867, he resumed the practice of law, which a few j-ears later he relinquished to accept the Presidency of the Iowa City Savings Bank. In 187.J he was again elected Governor, and was inaugurated Jan. 13, 1876. He served but little over a year, as early in 1877 he was chosen United States Senator. He filled this position four years, resigning to be- come Secretary of the Interior in President Gar- i field's Cabinet. In this office he was succeeded, April 17, 1882, by Henry M. Teller, of Colorado. Gov. Kirkwood leturned to Iowa C it}', his home, where he still resides, being nov.- advanced in _y ears. He was married in 1843, to Jliss Jane Clark, a na- tive of Ohio. In 188G !Mr. Kirkwood was nonnnated f, GOVERNORS OF IOWA. \M •.©♦o-@^^i(lciitial rlc^ctor on the Re- l)ublican ticket. In April, lS."i7, .Mr. .stone was chosen .bulge of the Eleventh Judicial District. He was elected .Judge of the Si.xth Judicial District when the new Constitution went into operation in lS."iS, and was serving on the bench when the Anu-rican (Lag was stricken down at Fort Sumter. At that time, .\pril, IHfil, he was holding c^iurt in Fairfield, Jefferson County, and when the news came uf the insult to the old fl.-ig he immediately adjourned court ami prepared for what he believed to be more important duties — duties to his country. Ill May he enlisted .as a priv.ate; was made Cap Uiiu of Co. B, Third Iowa InC, an*°- AMUEL Mi:HHILL,G<)venior fidin ISi'iSid IsT'i. was liorii in Oxford Cutinty. ^laiiii', Aiisj. 7. 11S2-J. Ho is a de- scoiulant on his mother's side of Peter Hill, wiio came from Kiijlland and .settled in Maine in Ui.')o. From this ancestry have sprung most of the Hills in Ameri- ca. On his father's side lie is a de- eendant of Nathaniel Jlerrill, who eame from England in 1030, and lo- cated in Massachusetts. Nathaniel had a son, Daniel, who in turn had a son named John, and he in turn licgat a son called Thumas. The latter w:us born Dee. 18, 170b. On the4thof Aug- usl. I72K. w.as horn to him a son, Samuel, who was mirricd and hail a family of twelve chililren,(me of '.vhom, Ahcl, wa.s taken by his father to Boston in 1 7."iO. Abel W!\s married to Elizabeth Page, who li-id live children, f>nc of whom, Abel. .Ir.. was the f:ilher of (»ur subject. He married Abigail Hill .!une 2,'(, 1800, and to them were born eight chil- flren, Samuel being the youngest but one. At the age of si.\teen Sanniel moved with his parents to Ituxton, Maine, the native place of his mother. wln-re his time w.as employed in turns in teaching and attending school until he attained his m.-ijurity. Having determined to make teaching a i)rnfessii>n, and feeling llial the Si (Uth offered better oppnrtu- uities, he iniuiediati'lv set out for that section. He remained, however, but a short time, as he s-iys "he was Ixirn too far North." Suspicion having been raised as to his abolition principles and finding the element not alti igethcr ci mgeniid, he si )i m al )andi ined the sunny South and went to the old (iranite .State, •where the next several j-ears were spent in farming. In 1847 he moved to Tamworth, N. II.. wlicrc he engiigcd in the mercantile liusincss in company with a brother, in wliich he was quite successful. Not being satisfied with the limited resources of North- ern New England he determined to try his good fortune on the broad i)rairies of the fertile West. It was in the yeai*18.")(; that :Mr. Merrill turned his face toward tlic setting sun, liiidiiig a desirable location near McGregor, Iowa, where he established a branch house of the old linn. The population in- creased, as also did their trade, and their house be- came one of the most extensive wholesale establish- ments on the Upi)er Mis-iissippi. During all these ye.ii-s of business Mr. Merrill took an active part in politics. In 1854 he was chosen on the abolition ticket to the Eegislatiire of New Hampshire. The following year he was again returned to the Legis- lature, and doubtless had he remained in that State would have risen still higher. In coming to Iowa his experience and ability were ilemandesion of 1»G1, to provide for 13G SAMIEL MERRILL. the cxigviu'ies of the Rebellion, and in its deliber- ations 31 r. Merrill took an active jjart. In the summer of 1802, Mr. Merrill was commis- sioned Colonel of the 21st Iowa Infantry, and im- uiediately went to the front. At the time 3Iarraa- diike was menacing the Union forces in Missouri, which called Un- prompt action on the part of the Union (U'lierals, Col. Merrill was placed in com- maml. wllh detachments of the 21st Iowa and D'.lth Illinois, a portion of the od Iowa Cavalry and two pieces of artillery, with orders to make a forced march to Springfield, he being at the time eigiity miles distant. On the morning of Jan. 11, 1S03, lie came across a liody of Confederates who were advancing in lieavy fcn'ce. Immediate preparations for Ijattie were made by Col. JMerrill, and after brisk- ly firing for an hour, the enemy fell back. Merrill then mip\H'd in the direction of Ilartville, where he found the enemy in force under Marmaduke, being about eigiit thousand strong, while Merrill had but one-tenth of that number. A hot struggle ensued in wliicli the Twenty-first distinguished itself. The Confederate loss was sever.al oflicers and three hun- dred men killed and wounded, while the Union loss was but seven killed and sixty-four wounded. The following winter the regiment performed active service, taking [lart in the campaign of Vieksburg. It fought under MeClernand at Port (iibson, and while making the famous charge of Black River Bridge, Col. Merrill was severely wounded through the hip. He was laid up from the 17th of May to .lanuary. when he again joined his regiment in Texas, and in .bine, l.S()4, on account of suffering from his wound, resigned and retui'ned to Mc- Gregor. In lisfu Mr. Merrill was chosen Gov- ernor of the .State, being elected upon the Repub- lican ticket. lie served with such satisfaction, that in 1800 he was re-nomiuatcd and accordinglj- elected. Lender the administration of Gov. Merrill, the movement for the erection of the new State House was inaugurated. The Thirteenth General Assembly- provided for the building at a cost of $1,500,000, and made an ajjpropriation with which to begin the work of $150,000. With this sum the work was begun, and Nov. 23, 1871, the corner stouc was laid iu the presence of citizens from all jjarts of the State. On this occasion the Governor delivered the address. It was an historical view of the incidents culminating in the labors of the f (jov. Fairchild, of AVisconsin. The two were instrumental in placing the slack- water navigation between the Mississippi and the Lakes in the way of ultimate and certain success. The Governor treated this sultject to great length and with marked ability in his message to the Thir- teenth General Assembly, and so earnest was he in behalf of this iniiirovemeut, that he again discusse-'J? ""ids^^ 'A. YRUS CLAY CAHPKNTKR, Govcrnorof Idwji fioiii isT'J to 1S75, inclusive, was Imrn i J k^ ill Su!i(iiii'li:mna County, I'a.. ISp Nov. 24, 1«21I. He was loft :in orphan at an oarly :\in\ liis •viv+ii. . -'' „i,,^)je,- dyinir when he was at I ■^^ the age of ten years, and his father two ye.irs later. He w.is left in destitute circumstances, and went first to learn wjM|^ the trade of a clothier, which, however, he abandoned after a few niontiis. and engaged with a farmer, giving a term in the winter, however, to attendance upon the district school. When eighteen he began teaching school, and the fol- lowing four j-ears divided his time between teach- ing and attending tiie academy at Hartford. At tlio conclusion of this period he went to Ohio, where he engaged as a teacher for a year and a half, sjKjnding the summer at farm work. In tlie year IH,>4 Mr. Carpenter came further westward, visiting many points in Illinois and Iowa, arriving at Des Moines, then a village of some 1,2f that year was re-elected, his inauguration taking pLvec Jan. 27, 1874. Gov. Carpenter was an able, popidar and faithful Executive, and was regarded as one of the most honest, prominent and unselfish ollicials the State ever had. Plain, unassuming, modest, he won his public position more tlu'ough Jie enthusiasm of his friends than by any personal effort or desire of his own. Everywhere, at all times and upon all occasions, he demonstrated that the confidence of his friends was justified. He took an active part in the great question of monopolies and transportation evils, which during his adminis- tration were so prominent, doing much to secure wise legislation in these respects. Gov. Carpent(!i- has been regarded as a public speaker of more than ordinary ability, and has apon many t)Ccasior.s been the orator, and always appreciated by the people. At the expiration of his second term as Governor Mr. Carpenter was appointed Second Comptroller of the United States Treasury, which position he resigned after a service of fifteen months. This step was an evidence of his unselfishness, as it was taken because another Bureau officer was to be dis- missed, as it was held that Iowa had more heads of Bureaus than she was entitled to, and his resigning m office of the higher grade saved the position to another. In 1881 he was elected to Congress, and served with ability, and in the Twentieth General Assembly of Iowa he represented Webster County. Gov. Carpenter was married, in March, 1864, to Miss Susan Burkholder, of Fort Dodge. No chil- dren have been born to them, but they have reared a niece of jSIrs. Carpenter's. During his entire life Mr. Carpenter has been de- moted to the principles of Reform and the best interests of all classes of citizens who, by adoution or by birth-right, are entitled to a home upon our soil and the protection of our laws, under the _gi-eat charter of " Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Hap- piness." In an address in 1852 he took advanced views upon the leading sulijects of public interest. He had alread3' laid the foundation fur that love of freedom which afterwards found an ample field of labor with the Repulilican party. There was noth- ing chimerical in his views. He looked at ever\- strata of human soeietj', and, from the wants of t!ie masses, wisely devined dut}' and prophesied destiny. He would have the people of a free Rejmblic edu- cated in the spirit of the civilization of the age. Instead of cultivating a taste f< .• a species of liter- ature tending directly' to degrade the mind and deprave the heart, thereby leading back to a state of superstition and consequent barbarism, he would cultivate principles of temperance, iudustr}- and economy in every j'outhful mind, as the indispens- able ingi-edients of good citizens, or subjects upon whose banner will be inscribed Liberty, Equalit}'. Fraternity. Thus earl}' in life Mr. Carpenter saw the destined tendency of our American institutions, and the ad- vancing civilization of the age. He saw it in the peace congress, whose deliberations have made the Rhine thrice immortal. He saw it in the i)rospect- ive railwaj', which he believed would one day unite the shores of the Atlantic with those of the Pacific — a fact realized by the construction of the gi'eat continental railway. It was thus early that he liegan to stud}- the wants of the world, and with what clearness and directness ma}' be seen by the correctness of his vision and the accomplishment of what he consid- ered an inevitable necessity. Thus, growing up into manhood, and passing on- ward in the rugged pathway of time, disciplined in political economy and civil ethics in the stern school of experience, he was prepared to meet every emergency with a steady hand ; to bring order out of discord, and insure harmony and prosperity. Gov. Carpenter is now engaged in the quiet pur- suits of farm life, residing at Fort Dodge, where he is highly esteemed as one of her purest minded and most upright citizens. OOVKRNORS OF IOWA. 143 a, J OSHUA G. NEW150L1), the y '%, niiitli (lovenior of Iowa, is native of Peniisvlvania. ■■\-A a n:> ^,! 'f lie comes from tliat cxeelleiit :^:? stock known as the Friends, /"' who vcrj' early settled in ^ New .lersey. Josluia (i. is the son of Karzilla and Catherine (Ilonsc) Newbold, and was horn • in Faj'ette Country, May 12, 1 s.'jO. lie was born a farmer's lioj- and was reared in the vigor- ous employment of farm work. ^^'hen he was eight 3'ears of age the family moved to "Westmoreland County', Pa., where, in the common schools ami in a select school or academy, young Newlmlil received his education. When sixteen years of age he accompanied llie family »>n their re- turn to Fayette Count}'. Here for the following eight years he as.sisted his father in running a llour- iu<'-mill as well as devolin"; much of his time to teaching school. When about nineteen years of asre our sulijeet )ieg:in the study of nu' 1, Mr. Newbold re- moved to Inwa. hxating t>n a farm, now ]iartly in the cori)or!itiou of ilount l*leas:uit, Ileury County. At the end of one year he removed to Cedar Township, Van Buren County, there merchandising and farming till about 1H(;0, when he removed to Hillsboro, Henry County, and pursued the same callings. In 18G2, when the call was m.ado for 000,000 men to finish the work of crushing the Rebellion, Mr. Newbold left his farm in the hands of his family and his store in charge of his partner, and went into tlie ami}- a.s Captain of Company C, i.'ith Keglment of Iowa Infantry. He served nearl}- three years, resigning just before the war closed, on account of disability. During the last two or three months he served at the South he filled the jHisitiou of Judge Advocate, with he.idquarter* .at Woodville, Ala. His regiment w:i.s one of those that made Iowa troops famous. It arrived at Helena, Ark., iu November, 1H02, and sailed in December following on the expedition against Vicksburg b}- wa\' of Chiek.isaw Bayou. At the latter place was its fii-st engagement. Its second was at Arkausiis Post, and there it suffered severel}-, losing in killed and wounded more than sixt}'. After Lookout Mountain it joined in the pursuit of Bragg's fiyiug forces to Hinggold, where it en- gaged the enemj' in their strong works, November 27, h)slng twenty-nine wounded. The following year it joined Sherman in his Atlanta Campaign, then on the famous march to the sea and through the Caroliu.is. Un retiu'ning to Iowa he cuutiuued iu the mer- 144 JOSHUA G. ^'E^^'BOLD. cantile tiailo :it Ililljboro for three or four years, and tLeii sold out, giving thereafter his whole at- tention to agriculture, stock-raising and stock-deal- ing, making the stock department an important fact(jr in his business for several 3'ears. Mr. New- bold was a member of the 13th, 14th and 1/Jth Gen- eral Assemblies, representing Henrj- Count}', and was Chairman of the School Conin)ittee in the 14th, and of the committee on appropriations in the loth General Assemljly. In the loth (1874) he was tem- l)orary Sjieaker during the deadlock in organizing the House. In 1875 he was elected Lieutenant Governor on the Republican ticket with Samuel J. KirkwiKjd. His Democratic competitor was E. U. AV'oodward, who received 'J3,0()0 votes. Mr. Newbold received 134,100, or a majority of 31,100. Governor Kirk- wood being elected United States Senator during that session, Mr. Newbold became Governor, taking the chair Feb. 1, 1877, and vacating it for Gov. Gear in January, 1878. Gov. Newbold's message to the Legislature ji 1S78, sliows painstaking care and a clear, busi- ness-like view of the interests of the State. His recommendations were carefully considered and largely adopted. The State's finances were then in a less creditable coudition than ever before or since, as there was an increasing floating debt, then amounting to *340,S20.56, more than $90,000 in excess of the Constitutional limitation. Said Gov. Newbold in his message : " The commonwealth ought not to set an example of dilatoriness in meeting its obligations. Of all forms of indebt- edness, that of a floating character is the most ob- jectionable. The uncertainty as to its amount will invariably enter into any computation made l)y per- sons contracting with the State for supi)lies. mater- ial or labor. To remove the present dililculty, and to avert its recurrence. I look upon as the most im- portant work that will demand your attention." One of the greatest problems before statesmen is that of ecpial and just taxation. The following reccmimcndation shows that Gov. Newbold was abreast with foremost thinkers, for it proposes a stej) which yearly finds more favor with the people : '' The inequalities of the personal-property valu- ations of the several counties suggest to m}' mind the propriety of so adjusting the State's lev}' as to require the counties to p.aj' into the State treasury only the tax on realt}% leaving the corresponding tax on personalty in the county treasury. This would rest with each county the adjustment of its own personal propert}' valuations, without fear that they might be so high as to work injustice to itself in comp.arison with other counties." Gov. Newbold has alwaj's affiliated with the Republican party, and holds to its great cardinal doctrines, having once embraced them, with the same sincerity and honesty that he cherishes his re- ligious sentiments. He has been a Christian for something like twentj'-five years, his connection be- ing with the Free-Will Baptist Church. He found his wife, Rachel Farquhar, in F.aj'ette County, Pa., their union taking place on the 'id of May, 1850. The}' have had five children and lost two. The names of the living are Mary Allene, Emma Irene and George C. The Governor is not yet an old man, and may serve his State or county in other capacities in the coming yeai's. d^f-^..^ GOVKRNORS OF IOWA. 147 ®>^^ ''^ - ^t OHN II. GKAR, the tciitli ii'ia yoiitlem.nu to occiij)}' the « Executive Chair of Iowa, is (1 still a resident (>f 15urliiin:tori. /y-i^ He is a n.itive of the Empire State, where in the eity of ' Itliiea, April 7. 1 82."), lie was liorn. Rev. E. O. Geai, his father, was \ born in Jsew London, Conn., in 1 792, and l)ccainea (listingni>heil eler'i:yinan of the Protestiuit 'Episcopal Chureh. Ills family' h.id removed with him, while he was still young, to I'ltUfield, JIass., and in the j'ear 181ij, after his ordina- tion as a clergyman of the Episco- l)al Chureh, lie \\ent to New York and located at Onondaga Hill near the city of Syracuse. Shi>rtly after this settlement, the young minister was united in marriage with Miss Miranda E. Cook. After serving various congregations in Western New York for many yeai-s, he de- termined to heconie a pioneer in Northern Illinois, which at the time, in the year 1 .s:i(;, w.is heing rapidi}' settled u|). lie found a desiralile location at Cialena where he remained un- til is.'iH, when he received the appointment as ( haplain in the United .Stites army while h>cated :'.t Fort .Snelling, Minn, lie lived a long and act- ive life, doing much good, (piitting his labors in the year 187-4. at the advanced age of eighty-two 3'ears. The only son born to Mr. and Mrs. E. (i. dear was J. II., afterward the distinguished (iovernor of Iowa. As above stated the birth occurred in 182.5. In 1843, when still a young man, he came AVest to Burlington, where he has since continued to reside, her most distinguished citizen. Shortly after his arrival in the young city, he embarked in his mer- cantile career, engaging at the time ivitli the firm of Ibidgman & Bros., in the capacity of a clerk. Remaining with tliis firm for a little over a year, he left them for an engagement with AV. F. Cool- liaugh, who at one time was President of the Inion National Rank, tif Chicago, and who at that early period was the leading mi^rchant of Eastern Iowa. He served :Mr. Coolbaugh so faithf. illy, and with such marked ability for the following five years, that, when desirous of a i)artncr in Lis busi- ness, the wealth}- merchant could find no one in wlmm he could i)laee greater confidence and with whom he could trust his extensive business rela- tions that pleased him better th:in the young clerk. Accordingly he was associated as a partner under the firm name of W. F. Coolbaugh «k Ci>. I'nder this arrangement the firm did a prosfx-rous busi- ness for the following five years, when Mr. Gear purcliMsi'd the entire business, which he carried on with marked success until he became known as the oldest wholesale grtKjer in the State. lie is at present, besides filling other prominent business relations, President of the Rolling Mill Co., of Gnlcsb'irg 148 •lOtlN H. GEAR. Mr.Gear lias been honored by his 't-ilow-citizens with many positions of trust. In 1852 he -vvas elected Alderman; in 1803 was elected Maj'or over A. "W. Carpenter, being the first Republican up to that time who had been elected in Burlington on a part}- issue. In 1807 the Burlington, Cedar Ra.pids & Minnesota Tlailroad Company was organ- ized, and he was chosen as its President. His ef- forts highly contriljuted to the success of the enter- l)rise, which did much for Burlington. He was also active in promoting the Burlington & South- western Railway-, as well as the Burlington & North- western narrow-gauge road. He has always acted with the Repuljlican party, and in 1871 was nominated and elected a member of the House of Representatives of the 14th General Assembly. In 1873 he was elected to the 15th General Assembl3^ The Republican cau- cus of the House nominated him for Speaker Ijy acclamation, and after a contest of two weeks he wr.'; chosen over his opponent, J. W. Dixon. He filled the position of Speaker very acceptably, and at the close of the session all the members of the House, independent of party affiliations, joined in signing their names to a resolution of thanks, which was engraved and presented to him. In 1875 he was the third time nominated to the Assembly by the Republican party, and while his count3' gave a large Democratic vote he was again elected. He was also again nominated for Speaker by the Re- publican caucus, and was elected by a handsome majority over his competitor, Hon. John Y. Stone. He is the only man in the State who ever had the honor of being chosen to this high position a sec- ond time. He enjoj's the reputation of being an able parliamentarian, his rulings never having been ajiiiealed from. At the close of the session he again received the unanimous thanlcs of the House of Representatives for his courtesy- and impartiality, and for the able and satisfactory manner in which he had presided over that body. In 1877 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican convention which met at Des Moines, Ju'ie 28, and at the election held the following October he received 121,5-10 votes, against 79,353 for John V. Irish, I0,G30 for Klias Jessup and 38,- Vio for D. P. Stubbs. His piiuality over Irish was 42,193. He was inaugurated Jan. 17, 1878, and served four years, being re-elected in 1879 by the following handsome vote: Gear, 157,571 Trimble, 85,05G; Campbell, 45,439; Dungan, 3,258, Gear's majoritj- over all competitors, 23,828. His second inauguration occurred in Januarj' of the year 1880. Gov. Gear's business habits enabled him to dis charge the duties of his office with marked abili'.y He found the financial condition of the State at i low ebb, but raised Iowa's credit to that of the best of our States. In his last biennial message he was able to report : " The warrants out-standing, but not bearing interest, Sept. 30, 1881, amounted to §22,093.74, and there are now in the treasury ample funds to meet the current expenses of the State. The war and defense debt has been paid, except the warrants for §125,000 negotiated by the Executive, Auditor and Treasurer, under the law of the 18th General Assembly', and §2,500 of the original bonds not j'et presented for pay- ment. The onlj' other debt owing by the State amounts to §245,435.19, due to the permanen'' school fund, a portion of which is made irredccm able b3' the Constitution. These facts place Iowa practically among the States which have no debt, a consideration which must add much to her repu tation. The expenses of the State for the last two years are less than those of anj^ other period since 1809, and this notwithstanding the fact that the State is to-daj^ sustaining several institutions not then in existence; namely, the hospital at Inde- pendence, the additional penitentiary, the Normal School and the as3lum for the feeble-minded chil- dren, besides the girl's department of the reform school. The State also, at present, makes provliiou for fish culture, for a useful weather service, fc sanitary s\iporvision by a Board of Health, for en couraging inunigration to the State, for tl>e inspec tion of coal mines by a State Inspector, and liber- ally for the military'' arm of the Government." Gov. Gear is now in the sixty-first j'ear of his age, and is in the full vigor of both his mental and physical faculties. He was married in 1852 to Harriet S. Foot, formerly of the town of Middle- bury, Vermont, by whom he has had four children two of whom are living. (j3. ^. f^t^r^^ C^-f^^ 9 GOVEKNORS OF IOWA. li>i «,=^ is* ii^ ■t..t..t«t.. tjMM»r«j «-i«.t.Aj.A».'i'«-T-A-t- -t' '^-<>-^ XE of the most distinguisluMl geiitleuK-u who was ever lioiKiicil witli the positi(jn "i^ of Chief Executive of the ^ State is Biircn R. Sherman, the eleventh Oovernor of Iowa, who is a native of New York. It was in the town of Phelps, in On- tario County, that he was horn to his jiiirents, Phincas L. and Eveline (Rohinson) Sherman, on the 2Mth of M:iv, 183C, ami was the third son of a distinguished family of children. His parents were likewise natives of the Empire State. Buren R. attended the public selio father in the development of their home farm. In the meantime he had applied himself diligciitly tr the study of his books, anil so studious had Ik been that in the summer of IH'jO, he was enabled to ]>,assa creditalile examination and to be adnt'tted to the bar. The following spring the young attor- ncy'moved to Vinton, hung out his shingle and be- g.^n the ])raetiee of his profession. He was associated with Hon. William Smyth, formerly District Judge, and J. C. Traer, imder the firm name of Smyth Traer ife Shennan. The new tirm nipidly grew into prominence, building up a prosperous i>r.*ictice, when Jlr. Sherman withdrew to tender his services to the Goveninient in defense of her integrity and honor. It was early in I .sil I , directly after the enemy hail a.ssaultpd the American tl.ig on Sumter, that the vonng attornev enlisted in Co. G, 1.1th Iow:i A'"l r52 BUREN R. SHERMAN. Inf.. .■^nd immediatel}' went to the front. He entered the service as Second Sergeant, and in February, 18G2, was made Second Lieutenant of Company E. On the Gth of April following he was very severely wounded at the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, and while in the hospital was promoted to the rank of Captain. He returned to his company while yet oliliged to use his crutches, and remained on duty till the summer of l.s(J3, when, by reason of his wound, he was compelled to resign and return home. Soon after returning from the army he was elected County Judge of Benton Count}', and re- elected without opposition in 1 8G.5. In the autumn of 1866 he resigned his judgeship and accepted the office of Clerk of the District Court, to which be was re-elected in 1868, 1870 and 1872, and in Decemljer, 1 874, resigned in order to accept the office of Auditor of State, to which office he had been elected b}- a majoritj- of 28,425 over J. M. King, the "anti-monopoly " candidate. In 1876 he was renominated and received 50,272 more votes than W. Growneweg (Democrat) aiid Leonard Browne (Greenback) together. In 1878 he w.as again chosen to represent the Republican party in tliat office, and this time received a major- ity of 7,164 over the combined votes of Col. luboeck (Democrat) and G. V. Swearenger (Green- back). In the six years that he held this office, he was untiring in his faithful application to routine work and devotion to his special share of the State's business. He retired with such an enviable record that it was with no surprise the people learned, .luiic 27, 1881, that he was the nominee of the Re- pubUcan party for Governor. The cainjiaign was an exciting one. The General Asscniibl}' had submitted to the people the prohibi- tory amendment to the Constitution. This, while not a partisan question, became uppermost in the mind of the public. Mr. Sherman received 133,- 330 votes, against 83,244 for Kinnc and 28,112 for D. M. Clark, or a plurality of 50,086 and a major- ity of 21,1)74. In 1883 he was re-nominated by the Republicans, as well as L. (t. Kinne bj^ the Democrats. The National party offered .1. B. Weaver. During the cami)aign these candidates held a number of joint discussions at different points in the State. At the election the vote was : Sherman, 164,182; Kinne, 139,093: AVeaver, 23,. 089 ; Sherman's plurality, 25,089 ; majority. 2,000 In his second inaugural Gov. Sherman said : " In assuming, for the second time, the office ol Chief Magistrate for the State, I fully realize nij grateful obligations to the people of Iowa, through whose generous confidence I am here. I am aware of the duties and grave responsibilities of this ex- alted position, and as well what is expected of me therein. As in the past I have given mj' undivided time and serious attention thereto, so in the future I promise the most earnest devotion and untiring effort in the faithful performance of my official re- quirements. I have seen the State gi-ow from in- fanc3' to mature manhood, and each j'ear one of substantial betterment of its previous position. " With more railroads than any State, save two; with a school interest the grandest and strongest, which commands the support and confidence of all the people, and a population, which in its entirety is superior to any other in the sisterhood, it is not strange the )5ride which attaches to our people. When we remember that the results cif our efforts iii the direction of good government have been crowned with such magnificent success, and to-day we have a State in most perfect jViiysical and finan- cial condition, no wonder our hearts swell in honest pride as we contemplate the past and so confidently hope for the future. What we may become de- pends on oin- own efforts, and to that future I look with earnest and abiding confidence." Gov. Sherman's term of office continued until .Ian. 14, 1886, when he was succeeded by AVilliani Larra- bee, and he is now, temporarily, perhaps, enjoying a well-earned rest. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party, and his services as a campaign speaker have been for many years in great demand. As an officer he has been able to make an enviable record. Himself honorable and thorough, his management of public business has been of the same character, and such as has com- mended him to the ai^proval of his fellow-citizens. He was m.arricd, Aug. 20, 1862, to Miss Lena Kendall, of Vinton, Iowa, a young lady ot r.are ac- complishments and strength of character. Their union ha.s Ijecn hai)py in every respect. They have two children — Lena Kendall and O.scar Eugene. Pk-- fiOVKRNOKS OF IOWA. lot) oJx> :^^^ ILLIA.M LAHUABEE. the IH'csent al)le Governor of lown, and the twelfth gen- lf,jt tk'inan selected by the peojile as the Chief Magis- trate of the gi-eat C'oin- lonwealtli. is a native of Connecticut. His ancestors were among the French Huguenots who came to America early in the seventeenth century and located in Connecticut. At that time thej' bore the name of d'Larra- bce. Adam Larral ice, the father of Will- iam, was born March 14, 1787, and was one of the early graduates of the West ^Q^ Point Militarv Academy-. He served his c«iuntrv during the War of l.'^12, with distinction, holding the position of Second Lieutenant, to which he was commissioned March 1, 1811. He was pro- n)oted to the Captaincy of his companj- Feb. 1, l.'oy hard at the la- borious work of ditch digging, while ho stinted him at meals. After a month spent in a half- starved condition, and over-worketl, the subject of our sketch received the sum of 1^10 for his services, and broken down in health, moved on a few miles, where he luckily fell in with a family that had moved from the neighborhood of his home. They proved true friends and kindly cared for him through a long illness, that was the legilimale con- se((uencc of his previous inonlh of hardsliip and starvation. On recovering his health, young Roles continued at farm work until n year had elapsed since he h.id left his home, lie then returned tf> his native town, having learned the useful lesson of self-re- liance, which in after years enabled him to more easily overcome the dilliculties that bi-sel the way 160 UOKACK BOIES. of him who has to hew out his own load to success. On his return to Aurora. Mr. Boies pursui-d a course of study at tiie Aurora .\oadeniy, and hiler spent one winter in teaching school in Boone County, 111. Returning to New York, he was mar- ried in Aurora, on the 18th of April, 1848, to Miss Adeln King, a daughter of Darius and Hannah King. Mrs. Boies was horn in Erie County. N. Y. Three children were horn of their union, of whom only one is now living, a daughter, Adela, who wa.s the wife of John W. Carson, now deceased. Mrs. Carson resides at Mt. A'ernon, Iowa. In 1850 Mr. Boies began the study of law in Au- rora and [lursued it in tiiat i)lace and also in Bos- ton, of Erie Count}': and was admitted to the bar at Buffalo, at the general term of the Su|)reine Court in November, 18.32. He pursued the prac- tice of his profession in Buffalo and vicinity with marked success, and in the fall of 1857 was chosen to represent his district in the New York House of Kepresentalives. for the session of 185«. Ill the autumn of 1855 Mr. Boies was called to iTionrn the loss of his wife, who died in November, of that year, lie was married again in Docemliei'. 185'-'. in Wateiloo, Iowa, to iMiss \'ersalia .M. I'>ar- her. a daughter of Dr. P. .1. Barber. Mrs. Boies was born in Boston, Erie County, N. Y.. ami iiad removed to Iowa six months prior to her maniage. She died in Ainil, 1877, leavingthrce children, a daughter and two sons. Earl L.. the eldest, was graduated at Cornell College, studied law with his father, was admitted to the bar in 188C,and is now Ills father's partner. .lessie. the only daughter, is her father's companion ami housekeeper. Herbert B., the 3'oungest, is a law student, reading law in his father's ollice. Mr. Boies after pursuing the |)r;ictice of his pro- fession at Buffalo and vicinil}" for fifteen years, re- moved to Iowa, and settled at AValerloo. in April. 1867. He at once formed a law partneishi|) with II. B. Allen, and for a time the firm was Boies ife Allen, then Carlton F. Couch, the present district judge, w.as admitted to membership, and the flrm name be- came Boies, Allen ifc Couch. That connection was continued until 1878, when Mr. Allen, on account of failing health, was obliged to withdraw. The firm continued under the st3le of Boies iV Couch until 1884. when Mr. Couch was elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District. Mr. Boies was then alone in business for a short time, until joined b}- his eldest son. E. L. In 1886 Mr. James L. Husted w.as admitted to membershii) in the firm, which has since continued under the name of Boies, Husted ife Boies, and which is widel}' known !is a leading law firm of Eastern Iowa. Oov. Boies was a Whig in early life, and on the disruption of that party and the formation of the Republican party, he joined the latter. But he was never ambitious to serve in official positions, and with the exception of one term in the New York Legislature and one term as City Attorney at Wa- terloo, he held no office of consequence until elected Coveinorof Iowa in the fall of 1889. He main- tained his connection with the Republican partv until 1882, since wliicli time he has affiliated with the Democrats. Gov. Boies enjoys the distinction of being the first Governor of Iowa elected bj- the Democratic parly for a period of thirt^'-five 3'ears, and was the onl}' successful candidate of his party on the State ticket at the late election. Consider- ing the fad that the State w.as carried the year pre- vious in the Presidential election, by a majority of thiit3-nvc thousand ill favor of the Reiiublicans. the succi'ss of Gov. Boies ma}' be said to have been a marked tompliment to him .as a man and a leader, without disiiaraging the splendid campaign work of his party manag.ers, or ignoring the effect of the evi- dent change in popular political sentiment in Iowa. As a lawyer, (iov. Boies has won prominence by his ability and will-grounded knowledge of law, an earnest and conscientious regard for the inter- ests of his clients, and the confidence and respect he never fails to command in addressing the court or jury. His life has been a busy one, and success has been achieved by inrlefatigable industry, dose study, and strict intcgrit}' of character. He is not a politician in the common acceptation of the term, and the nomination for Governor came to him un- sought and was onl}' accejited through a sense of dut}' to the party with whose principles he was in close syni|)athv- He enters upon the discharge of his ollicial duties under peculiar circumstances, but with the confidence of all parties that his adminis- j tration will be able, honest and fair. ISs -^ - —-Si 'ff '^m^^'- INTRODUGTOI^Y, CHAPTER I. i~J N ilie annals of Monona Count}-, as the changes I of but four decades are contemplated, one can _\ scarcely realize or comprehend that these won- derful resulls of Time's marvel-working hand are Ihe achievements of a period so brief and servis- ors ami Flijah Walker w.as chosen to lill the vacancy and represent the township of Belvidere. The latter qualified .lune 3, 1861. During the fall of the same jear the removal of the county se:it from | Onawr. to Belvidere w.as agitated, ami September .'). the Bnard of Supervisors passed !in oriler subniit- ting the question to the ((uajilied electors of the county, but the measure of re-location was defeated at the polls that fall. The Board of Supervisors for the year 1862, met on the 6th of January, when the following gentleman apjieared and answered roll call: Alexan- der Allison, of West Fork; J. R. Bouslaugh. Maple; F. A. Day, Kennebec; Thomas Il.-iyes, Ashton; W. G. Mj'ers, Boyer; Klijah Walker. Belvidere; Row- land Cobb, Preparation, and Addison Dimmick, of Franklin. Mr. Bouslaugh was again chosen chair- man. January 7, A. Dimmick resigned his seat on the board and was succeeded by Addison Oliver. During the summer of that eventful year, the board in view of the Pike's Peak excitement and the absence of some thirty of the citizens of the county in the Union Army, both of which had drawn from the defense of this section of the State nearlj* all of the single and many of the married men, and the country' being justly' alarmed by the .accounts of the horrid butcheries perpetrated by the Sioux Indians in Minnesota, the Board of Supervisors of Monona County memorialized the Governor of Iowa, Samuel J. Kirkwood. This document de- manded in a conciliatory manner, that " the men drafted in this county and vicinity be either dis- charged or stationed at a suitable point for the de- fense of this count3'.or otherwise used for the defense of the Northwest." The next day a petition was likewise sent to Lieutenant-Colonel II. C. Nutt for arms and equipments for two hundrerl men to arm the militia. January 5, 1863. the new board met for the first time, and consisted of the following named indi- viduals: J. R. Bouslaugh, F. A. Da}', Thomas Hayes, Rowland Cobb, C. Dunham, Addison Oliver, James C. Crabb and Alexander Allison. Mr. Bouslaugh w.os chosen Chairman for the en- suing J'ear. .Several changes occurred in this board bj- resignation — C K. Whiting taking the place of Mr. Allison. January 6; Adam Myers that of Mr. Cral)b, June 1st, and W. L. Krskine that of Mr. Day, in October. The road from Onawa to the bluffs on the Little Sioux River wa.s first agitated at n meeting of this board and a committee appointed to look into its feasibility and desirability, and it was finally established in October, 1863. In November, 168 MONONA COUNTY. by a resolution the board declared: " That in the opinion of this board this county ought to raise its quota of troops, under the late call, by voluntary enlistments and that to this end they deem it expe- dient to offer a suitable county bounty, and there- fore call for a mass meeting of tlie citizens to be held Dec. 14, 1863, to take the matter into con- sideration." At the meeting it was determined to offer a bounty of ^300, $60 on the acceptance of the recruit and $20 per quarter thereafter until paid, and at the next meeting of the board a special tax of five mills vvas levied for the bounty fund. ' The board that came together Jan. 4, 1864, was composed of the following named gentlemen : J. R. Bouslaugh, H. Erskine, Addison Oliver, F. A. Day, Isaac Ashton, C. E. Whiting, R. Cobb and C. Dunham. Rowland Cobb was elected to the Chair. On organization Mr. Oliver resigned his seat and was succeeded by B. D. Molbrook, as supervisor from Franklin. At the Jul}' term of the board it was determined to pa}- a bounty of $200 for the enlistment of men in the service of the general government engaged in the suppression of the the rebellion, and Messrs. Holbrook and Whiting were made a committee to engage some of the Omaha Indians to take their place in the regiments of the State. Isaac Ashton, of Ashton; F. A. Day, of Belvi- dere; II. B. Ernest, Boyer; A. Oliver, Franklin; J. D. Woodward, Kennebec, J. R. Bouslaugh, Maple: R. Cobb, Spring Valley; and C. E. Whiting, of West Fork, formed the board that met for the first time, Jan. 3, 186.5. The last named gentleman v.'as chosen chairman. J. D. Woodward resigned his place among the supervisors September 5, and A. Oliver, upon the 16th of October, and were suc- ceeded, the former by H. D. Erskine and the latter by II. E. Colby. On the 1st of January, 1866, the board that con- vened consisted of C. K. AVhiting, of AVest Fork; H. E. Colbj'. Franklin; Rowland Cobb, S|)riug Valley; J. R. Bouslaugh, Maple; Addison l)im- mick, .'jolvidere; Abraham N. Bullock, Kennebec; and Isaac Ashton, of Ashton. C E. Whiting was the chairman for the year. During this adminis- tration the county was reorganized into townships and several new ones formed, so that at the close of the j'ear there were the civil townships of Spring Valle}', Sherman, St. Clair. Belvidere. Franklin Center, Kennebec, Ashton, Lincoln, Maple, Grant, AVest Fork and Lake. The first meeting of the board of Supervisors with the representatives of the new townships in its body was convened Jan. 4, 1867, when the follow- ing answered to their names: Isaac Ashton of Ash- ton: A. Dimmick, of Belvidere; J. R. Bouslaugh, Center; B. D. Holbrook, Franklin; J. D. AA^ood- ward. Grant; F. A. Day, Kennebec; .Joseph Robin- son, Lake; Benjamin Herring, Lincoln; W. L. Ring, Maple; Peter Reiley, Sherman; D. W. Butts, Spring A'alley; J. L. Swinburne, St. Clair, and C. E. AVhiting, of AVest Fork. The last named was placed in the Chair. The towns of Jordan and Fairview were organized by this board and the name of St. Clair changed to that of Soldier. At the October session J. A. Goodrich succeeded to the place of Isaac Ashton, on the board, the latter gentleman removing from the county that sum- mer. Jan. 6, 1868, the new board met and contained the following gentlemen : J. T. Baggs, E. H. Bakke, T. H. Flowers, J. A. Goodrich, B. D. Holbrook, Benjamin Herring, J. K. M3-ers, Joseph Robinson, J. L. Swinburne, J. D. Woodward, C. H Whiting, Peter Reiley, AV. L. Ring, D. AV. Butts, and J. R. Bouslaugh. Judge AA'hiting was again elected Chairman for the ensuing year. The various Boards of Supervisors for the en- suing years were composed of the following well known gentlemen : 1869— B. D. Holbrook, J. K. Myers, Q. A. Wooster, D. AV. Butts, N. AV. Harlow, D. T. Cutler, F. F. Roe, J. A. Goodrich, J. T. Baggs, (;. E. AVhiting, J. L. Swinburne, AV. H. Stanley, Joseph Robinson, and B. D. Holbrook. Mr. Goodrich was elected to the Chair Jan. 4. Mr. Swinburne died in October and was succeeded by W. F. Burke. 1870— J. A. Goodrich, James H. Cork, F. F. Roe, B. D. Holbrook, AV. II. Stanley. W. G. Ken- nedy, J. K. Myers, Joseph Robinson, D. T. Cutler, Q. A. AVooster, N. C. Harlow, AV. F. Burke, D. W. Butts, and C. E. Whiting. Mr. Wooster was MONONA COUNTY. 1C9 cluisi'ii Cliainnan for the year. W. F. Burke resijjniiig June 6th, was succet'dpil on the bo.iitl by Junius Brown. 1871 — Tlie General Assembly liad changed the number and mode of election of the members of the Board of Supervisors, from one member from oaeii township to three chosen at large by all the county ; the new board that convened, Jan. 2, 1871, was formed of Collins A. Burnham, Willard (J. Kennedy and William Pelaii. Mr. Kennedy was elected Chairman for the jcar. At the April session Mr. Pelan, having handed in his resignation as a member of the Board, was succeeded by E. 1). Dimniiek. 1872 — W. G. Kennedy, Chairman; E. D. Dim- niiek and .lohn Patrick. 1873 — The same individuals. 1871 — W. G. Kennedy, Chairman; John Patrick and N. B. Olson. 1875 — W. G. Kennedy, Chairman; N. B. Olson and George M. Scott. 1876— G. M. Scott, Chairman; N. B. Olson and II. E. Colby. 1877— (;. .M. Scott, Chairman; II. K. Colby and K. Will.er. 1878 — Same board; H. E. Colb}-, Chairman. 1879— G. M.Scott, Chairman; K. Wilber and S. G. Irish. 1880— E. Wilber, Chairman; G. M. Scott and ,S. G. Irish. 1881 — The same members, G. M. Scott in the Chair. 1882— G. M. Scott, Chairman; E. Wilber, and F. McCausland. 1883— Fred. McCausland. Chairman; G. M. Scott and J. D. Rico. 1881 — J. 1). Rice, Chairman; F. McCausland and I. r. Riddle. 1885— J. I). Rice, Chairman; I. U. Riddle and J. K. McCaske^'. 1886— J. K. McCaskey, Chairman; I. U. Riddle and W. D. Crow. 1887 — The same as the preceding year. 1888—1. U. Riddle, Chairman; W. D. Crow and I). A. Pember. 1889— W. 1). Crow, Chairman; I). A. Pember and I. U. Riddle. National, State and County Representation. CHAPTEE III. yHILK unworthy men, at times, raa3' force themselves into office, it cannot but be vy -y acknowledged that the great bodj- of the officeholders of the eountr3' are truly representative „ien — men of positive force and character. They are of the number that build up and strengthen a town, a county, or a State. In this chapter it is designed to show who among the inhabitants of the county have represented the peojile in National, St.«ite or county office. First to begin with is: COSGKIiSSIONAL. "When .Monona County was organized it became a portion of the Second Congressional District, and was represented in the National Council by John P. Cook, in tlic 33d Congress. He was one of the ablest lawyers in the State, and died at Davenport, in April. 1872. He was succeeded by James Thor- ington in the 34th Congress, and by Timothy Davis, of Clayton Connty, in the 35th Congress, from 1857 to 1859. In the .')5th and 3Gth Congresses, from 1859 to 1862. William Vandever, of Dubuque, represented tliis, the Second District, in the National Assembly, and gave eminent satisfaction to his constituents. Tn 1862, Asahel W. Hubbard, of Sioux Cit}', was elected to Congress. He was a native of Connec- ticut, born in 1817. who came from Indiana in 1857. and settled in what is now- the " Corn Palace City." He served through the 38th, 30th and 40th Congresses, and was succeeded in 18C."> by Charles Pomerov, of Ft. Dodge. The latter served one term. The next representative in 'he National Assera- bl}' was Jackson Orr, of Roonsboro, who was elected in 1870. He filled the position with great credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his sup- porters in the 41st. 42d and 43d Congresses, the last term of the newly created Ninth District. The successor of Mr. Orr in Congress was Judge Addison Oliver, one of the early settlers and lead- ing citizens of Monona County, a man whose inter- ests hare grown up with the development of this, his home. A sketch of this prominent citizen is given further on, giving in detail his life work in this communitj'. Mr. Oliver represented the Ninth District of Iowa in Congress for four years, and was succeeded by ex-Governor Cyrus C. Carpenter, of Ft. Dodge. He held the office through the 46th and 47th Congresses. Isaac Struble, of Lemars, the jiresent able repre- sentative of this section of the State in the halls of onr National Assemblj', was elected in 1882, to represent the newlj' formed Eleventh District, and has been chosen his own successor at each succeed- ing election. GKNKRAL ASSEMBLY. When this county was first organized, in 1854. it became a part of t'ae Forty second Representative District, and was represented in the Fifth G(.'neral Assemblv, first bv Thomas B. Neelv. of Harrison MONONA COLMV. 171 CounU', hut liis seat was contested by Green T. Clark, to w1k>ui it was ailjiulged Jan. 4. 1855. This assembly was first convened, Dec. 4, 1854. The Sixth Oencral Assembly met at Iowa City, Dee. 1, 185(!,aii(l adjourned Jan. 2'.1. 1857. Monona Count\'. as a part of the Twelfth Senatorial Dis- trict, wa.s represented in the upper house by .lames 1). Test; in the lower house by N. G. Wyatt. This with the counties of Harrison, Shelb3', Woodbury and eiijhtcon others composed the Si.xtcenth Repre sentative District. In the constitutional convention wliieh met at Iowa City Jan. 19, 1857, and adjourned March 5, 1857, this district was represented by Daniel W. Price. On tlic nth of January, ItS.JS, the Seventh Gen- eral Assenil>ly met at Des Moines, and adjourned March 22 following. Tliis county, then a portion of the Tweiflh District, was represented in the Sen- ate by W. II. M. I'usey, of Council Bluffs. The Fourteenth Uepresentativc District was represented by Samuel 11. Casady. The Kightli General Assembly met on the 8th of January, 18G0, and contained in the Senate W. H. M. Pusey as Senator, and J. W. Dennison as Hep- resentat ve from this ilistrict. The members of tlie legislative district had changed its number to that of Forty-tifth. .lohn P. Duiicombc, of Ft. Dodge, in the Senate and William W. Fuller, in the House, represented this district in the Nintli General Assemliiy, which was convened for the first time Jan. l."3, 18G2. The senatorial district was then known as the Thirty- second, and the representative as the Si.\t3'-fourlh. The Tenth General Assembly-, which convened at Des Moines, Jan. 11, 1864, and continued in session until March 20, following, contained among its members George W. U.issctt, in the Senate, and Addison Oliver, of Onawa, in the House, as rep- resentatives of this district. Addison Oliver, of .Monona County, in the Sen- ate, and S. J. Comfort, in the House, re[)rcsented the interests of this district in the Kleveuth Gene- ral A«.sembly, which met in conclave at Des Moines, Jan. 8, 18G<'>, and adjourned April 3, the same year. The Twelfth General Assembly, which convened in Des Moines Jan. 1.3, 1808, and remained in sess- ion until April 8 following, found Addison Oliver still representing the Forty-sixth District, of which Monona County formed a part, and Stephen Till- son the member of the Sixty-third District in the Chamber of Representatives. Jan. 10, 1870, witnessed the assembling of the Thirteenth General Assembly, and among the dele- gates Charles Atkins, of Onawa, in the Senate, and J. D. Miracle, in the Lower House, represented the interests of the district of which Monona County formed a part. The Fourteenth General Assembly which con- vened Jan. 8, 1872, remained in session until April 23. 1872. Charles Atkins continued to fill the post of Senator from this district, the Fortj-- eighth, and Charles G. Perkins, of Onawa, was the Representative from the Fortieth Legislative Dis- trict, composed of the counties of Monona, Audu- bon, Shelby and Crawford. The Fifteenth General Assembly met on the 12th of January, 1874, and adjourned March 18 follow- ing. Monona County was represented in the Senate by George D. Perkins, the editor of the Sioux City Journal, and in the Lower House by Edmund 15. Baird. George D. Perkins in the Senate and George Rae in the House, represented this district in the Six- teenth General Assembly, which convened Jan. 10, 1876, and adjourned March 16 following. Jan. 10. 1878, the .Seventeenth fieneral Assembly met, and Monona Count}- was duly represented I)}- A. W. Ford in the Senate and Elijah Peake, of Onawa. in the House of Representatives. The Eighteenth General AssembI}' which con- vened at Des Moines, Jan. 12, 1880, contained as the re|>resentalivcs of the district of which Monona County formed a part, A. W. Ford in the .Senate and Henry C. Laub in the House. The Nincleciilh General Assembly that con- vened in January, 1882, contained as the repre- sentatives of this district, T. M. C. Logan in the Senate and Robert T. Shearer in the lower chamber. Charles E. Whiting, of .Monona County, repre- sented the interests of the district in the .Senate and Daniel ('ainplxll in the House, in the Twentieth (ieneral Assembly, which convened Jan. 18, 1884, 172 MONONA COUNTY. and continued in session until April 2 of the same 3'ear. The Senatorial district, which was known as the Fort3'-sixth, consisted of the counties of Monona, Woodbury and Crawford, Monona County alone constituted the Seven tj'-third Representative District. The Twenty-first General Assembly convened in .January, 1886, and contained as Senator from this district C. E. Whiting, and in the House, W. F. Wiley. The Twenty-second General Assembly of tlie State of Iowa convened at Des Moines in Januarj', 1888, and this district was represented therein by C. M. Whiting in the Senate and by ¥. F. Roe in the House of Representatives. C'OUNTV JUDGE. Tiiis ollice was the most important in tlie gift of the people of the county, in an early day, it em- bracing the duties now devolving to a great extent upon tiie Board of Superyisors, Auditor and Court of Probate, together with the granting of marriage licenses and other business. The first to occupy this responsible position was Charles B. Thompson, of Preparation, a history of wliom appears in the annals of that township. It would seem that he kept no record of the transactions of his court, for nothing of the kind is among the county records. He was succeeded in August, 1854, bj' John Craig, who occupied the office until Nov. 1856, when he resigned, and the place was filled b3- L. Seai's until the election, in April, 1857, of Charles E. Whiting. Judge Whiting assumed the control of the affairs of the county- immediately after his election, and found the matters of the county in considerable confusion, but soon straightened them out. He continued at the helm of government until tlie fall of 1859, when he was succeeded by John C. Iliizlett. The latter was the last county' judge un- der the law that made him the head of the local government, the office being shorn of many of its duties, and superseded, Jan. 1, 1861, by the Board of Supervisors. For some time after this the office continued, and had jurisdiction in all probate mat- ters and some kindred business. The first under this law was J. R. Bouslaugh, who fulfilled its duties until, at the end of his two j-ears' term, he was succeeded by Stephen Tillson, after- wards one of the leading men of the district. In 1865 C. C. Bisbee was elected to this oflice, and served for two years. Elijah Peake was chosen to fill this position in 1867, and performed its duties until Nov. 10, 1868, when, resigning, he was re- placed bj- Herbert E. Morrison. The latter gen- tlemen, appointed b}- the board Nov. 28, filled the position until the 1st of January, 1869, when the probate matters having been transferred to the cir- cuit court, the office was abolished. The county judge at the time of the change in tlic law was made ex officio CODNTY AUDITOR, And thus H. E. Morrison became the first to occupy that responsible office. He remained in this capacity until the 1st of January, 1870, when he was suc- ceeded by John K. McCaske3% who was re-elected his own successor in 1871, 1873, 1875, 1877, 1879 and 1881, occupving the office for fourteen con- secutive 3'ears, well and faithfully performing all the multifarious duties pertaining thereto. On the 1st of January, 1881, George A. Douglas, the pres- ent Auditor, was inducted into the office, and was re-elected to the same position in 1885 and 1887, TREASURER AND RECORDER. At the time that the county was organized, by a law of the State these two offices were discharged b3- one and the same person, and so continued for several years. The first to occup3' the dual office was Hugh Lytle, who was chosen at the first elec- tion in the spring of 1854, and re-elected at the regular election in August, 1855. He evidently re- signed the office, for in April, 1856, William Bur- ton was elected to fill the vacancy, and in August, 1857, was re elected for a full term. C. II. Holbrook was Mr. Burton's successor, having been chosen in the fall of 1859, and being re-elected his own successor in 1861, served four years. James Armstrong was elected to tiie double oflfice in 1863, and held it for about a year, when the two offices became separated, after whicii he served out the term in the most responsible and im- portant of the two, that of COUNTY- TREASURER. John E. Selleck was chosen by the qualified MONONA COUNTY 173 roters of tlio county to till the position of Treasurer in 18G5, and assumed the duties of the same at the beginning of the following year. He served four years. James Armstrong, in 1869, was again elected to this ollice, and being re-elected in 1871, was in ofTice for a term of four years. W. L. Ring, elected in 1873, next served one term, and was suc- ceeded J.in. 1, 187(j, by G. II. Bryant. The latter gentleman, a great favorite with the people, was chosen his own successor in 1877, 1879 and 1881, thus serving them in this ollice for eight years. H. N. Scott filled the office of Treasurer of Monona County for two years from Januarj-, 1884, and was succeeded in 188G by George E. Warner, the present incumbent, who has continued to man- age the finances of the county with ability and to the satisfaction of the people ever since. COrXTT RF.CORDEn. On the separation of this office from that of treasurer in 1864, the people of Monona County chose K. D. Dinmiick to fill the position, and that gentleman fulfilled the oflicial duties of the place for two years. John E. Sellock, at that time County Treasurer, w.as elected to fill the office in 1866, and again in 1868, and 6lled both positions at the same time. In 1870 C. G. Perkins was elected to this office and filled it until January' 4, 1872, or one year, when he resigned it. and the board of super- visors placed it in the hands of James Armstrong, then serving as treasurer. June 4, the same year, the latter gentleman in turn handed in his resigna- tion and ('. G. Perkins was re instalK'd in the office by ap|)()intment of the board. M. W. 15acon was chosen by the people of the county at the regular cleclitm in the fall of 1872 and entered upon his oflicial duties January 1, 187:5. In 1871, 1876. 1878 and 1880 the qualified electors endorsed his action in this onerous office by re-electing him thereunto, he thus serving in this capacity for ten years. At the annual election in the fall of 1882, L. D. Hearce was chosen by the people to fill the vacancy then existing in the oflice of County Recorder, and fur the succeeding full terra. Faithful in the di.-^- charge of every duty devolving ujion him, Mr. Bearce has been chosen at the cxjiiration of every term of his (jlli(,c his own successor and is the pres- ent incumbent of the position. CI.KKK or THE COURTS. The first Clerk of the Courts, of Monona County, was George Hinkenlooper, as appears by the rec- ords, who was elected at the organization of, the county in April, 1854. He seems never to have served, or at least transacted but little business,'as his successor, Andrew Hall, was elected in August of the same year. Of neither of them is there much in the records, which are incomplete and unsatis- factorj- for that period. In April, 1855, Andrew G. Jackson was elected to this oQice and apparently continued therein until the spring of 1857, when he was succeeded by H. J. Ilawley. The latter gen- tleman remained in this position for three j-ears and was succeeded in the f.'fll of 1859 by Charles Atkins, who was elected to fill the vacancj' caused by the resignation of Mr. Hawley. Mr. Atkins, one of Onawa's first and leading merchants, was re-elected to the same oflicial dignity in November, 1860, and served in all some three years. W. H. Wiley, elected Clerk of the Courts in the autumn of 1862, served one term of two 3'ears and was succeeded by T. Elliott. At the general elec- tion of 1866 Mr. Elliott and II. E. Morrison each received the same number of votes, and according to the law for sm h cases made and provided, drew lots before the Board of .Supervisors. Mr. Morri- I son won and was duly inducted into the office, but ' only served two years. J. K. JlcCaskev was elected to fill the office in I 1868. and in 1870, and 1872. although .it the time ' discharging the duties of the office of County Aud- itor, w.as re-elected to the position of Clerk of the I Courts. At the annual fall election in the^'car 1874, W. R. Ilansoom was elected to this office and was re-elected to the same in 1878. On the 2nd of August, 1879, while still in tlie discharge of his duties, he was called away to '"the land from whose bourne no traveler ever returns," carrying witli him the regrets of the whole community. The Board of Supervisors appointed Charles H. Ald- ridge to fill the vacancy, a choice which was in- dorsed by the people of the county at the fall elec- tion. Mr. Aldridge continued in this ofllce by the 174 MONONA COUNTY. will of his fellow-citizens for over seven j'ears, but in Januar}', 1887, was suceeetled by W. J. MaugU- lin, the present Clerk, a young man of remarkable ability and promise. SHERIFF. At the primary election, on the organization of the county, in April, 1854, the records disclose the fact that Johnson F. Lane was chosen Sheriff of the infant county. In August, 1855, Guy C. Barnum, a well-known character of those days, was placed in this office but did not occupy it long. At the election in April, 1858, Francis C. Case was chosen Sheriff, but in the few daj's intervening between that time and the installation of officers, died, and E. R. Pierce was appointed to fill the vacauc}', and held the office until the election, in October follow- ing, of John A. Hittle, his successor. The latter named gentleman continued in office until 1866, when he in turn gave way to E. R. Pierce, who was succeeded two years later by W. A. Grow. In 1869 Jlr. Pierce was again elected Sheriff and served another term of two years. J. K. Mj-ers, elected Sheriff in 1871, filled the office until Octo- ber 20, 1 87t, when he resigned and was succeeded by James Walker, who was appointed by the board to fill the vacancy. At the election of 1875 this choice was justified by the people, who re-elected Mr. Walker to the same office in 1877, 1879, 1881 and 1883. L. D. Kittle, the present Sheriff of Monona County, was first chosen to fill that office in 1885, and again in 1887. COUNTY SOPEKINTENDEXT OF COMMON SCHOOLS. Prior to the institution of County Superintend- ents some of the affairs of the educational depart- ment of the Government were entrusted to an offi- cer known as the School Fund Commissioner. The first to fill this position in the county was Isaac Davis, who was elected in 1856. Timothy Elliott was chosen to discharge the duties of the office in 1857. The office of Suiierintendent was created in 1858, and the work and duties made the same as at the present daj', visiting schools, holding examinations and looking after educational matters generallj-. The first to fulfill the functions of the office was C. C. Bisbee, whose term commenced in April, 1858. Hugh Lytle was elected the successor of Mr. Bisbee and served two j^ears from the fall of 1859. Richard Stebbius was the nest incum- bent of the office, then of more honor than profit, serving from 1861 to 1864. At the election of 1863 W. L. Ring was elected Superintendent, Init not qualifying, the Board of Supervisors appointed H. L. Erskine to fill the vacancy, which he did until the following January, when he was succeeded b}' C. C. Bisbee. This gentleman served three years. W. A. Dor ward was chosen at the election of 1865, but he not having been fully naturalized at the time was incap.icitated from holding the office, and J. S. Maughlin was appointed to fill the vacancy. In 1867 Elder Maughlin was dul}' elected to fill the same office b}' the people of the count}-, and advanced the cause of education perceptibly dur- ing his four years' occupanc}' of the iwsition. W. A. Greene, now the senior editor of the Sentinel, was elected to this office in 1869 and served two j-ears. flis successor was Miss Sarah Fulton, who w.as first elected in 1871 and re-elected in 1873, and filled the office acceptably for four years. Rev. C. N. Lj'man, the P.istor then as now of the Onawa Congregational Church, was the next incuinl)ent of this very important office, being first elected in 1875 and again in 1877. J. G. Iddings, elected in 1879 and in 1881, served four 3'ears as Superinten- dent and was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Lyman. F. P. Fisher was chosen by the people to fill this office in 1885 and after two years of service was succeeded Jan. 1, 1888, by B. F. Ross, the present efficient and energetic Superintendent of the Com- mon Schools of Monona Countj'. COUNTY SURVEYOR. J. H. Wagner was elected county surveyor in Au- gust, 1854, thus being the first to fill that office in this count}-. He was succeeded b}- Samuel Scott, who served for two years. J. H. Sharon was elected in 1857, and two j'ears later was followed bj' Jo- seph Dungan. 1861 witnessed the election of Levi Smith, who was followed the next year by C. C. Bisbee. C. II. Holbrook was the next incumbent of this office, first being elected in 1863, and re- MONONA Cor.NI V. 175 elected in 1S65 and 18fi7. Josepli JJungan served diirinjf the year 1870 and 1871. George Atkins was cboseu in the fall of 1871 to fill this position, and held it until Se[)leiiiljer 3, 187;5, when he re- sijfned and was succeeded by J. B. 1". Day. At the fall election following C. H. llolbrook was elected to this ollice again, but was succeeded Jan. 1, 1876, by Mr. Day. (leurge Atkins was again the occu- pant of the ofHce in 1878 and 1879, and J. B. 1'. Day of the years 1880, 1881 and 1882, resigning the latter part of the last named j'ear. George At- kins was chosen to fill the vacancy. C. W. Bisbee was Surve\()r ftir 1881 and 1885, and F. E. Colby during the years 188G and 1887. C. W. Bisbee, the present County Surveyor, was elected this time in the fall of 1887. DKAIXAGK C0M.MI9SI0XER. The following named gentlemen have filled the olllcc of drainage commissioner — an oHice abol- ished in 1871 ; Gnj' C. Barnum, from 1854 to 1857; .Tames 11. .Sharon, two years; .lames Armstrong, four years; J. A. .Scott, in 1 86 IJ and;; 1805;'. James Armstrong in 1866 and 1867; J). M. Diramick. two years; and .lolin Jeffcoat, two years. COUNTV COROXICIt. The first to be elected to this ollice, important In many respects, was Aaron Cook, in April, 18.51; II. V. Hoyt, chosen in 1854, served 'two years: George Krb, one year; N. G. Wyatt, one year; J. A. Scott, several years, and F. F. Roe, two years. In tlu; fall of__18G7 Dr. R. Stebbins was elected to this ollice and continued to hold it by the will of the people for ten years. D. Handel. D. H. Mc- Kown, H. Noble, D. II. McKown, and D. Rust, each served one term, and were succeeded in 1886 by C. M. Smith, the present incumbent of the ollice. COUNTY .\TTORNEV, An ofllce created in 1886, has been filled — first, by II. C'rissnian, and at the present by C. K. I'niliT- hill, the latter elected in 1888. P^fi J OTHER OFFICIAL MATTERS. CHAPTEK IV. /^IROUPED together in this chapter will be III Q—, found various items of information and %Jk intores ^^if interest gatlierert from the county records, and from other widely scattered sources, that seem to fill no special niche in history, but which left un- told would sadl}' mar the completeness of the whole. POrULATIOX. In 1854, the first year of this county's exist- ence, there were 202 inhabitants credited to it in the State census, as then constituted, of whom 109 were males and niuety-tliree of the gentler sex. In 1860 there were 832; in 1865, 1,096; in 1870, 3,654; in 1875,5,967; in 1880, 9,055, and in 1885 there were no less than 12,147 inhabitants in the county, by the State census. If the same percent- age of increase has been made in the five years succeeding the last enumeration, which is not un- reasonable, Monona County has at the present writing upward of 18,000 people, an extremely large portion of whom are American born, onl}' 657 being of foreign birth at the time of the enu- meration of the census of 1885, while 10,521 were native born. MAltRIA(;E KECOKD. By the laws of this State a license to marry has always been required, and a record kept of the contracting parties. Troliably some within the limits of the county were united iu matrimony previous to the organization of the county, but such will be found to have been mentioned in the proper connection. In those early days 3-oung men and maidens were not married in the grand style that character- izes the marriages of the present time. Times were different, and there was no waiting for the arrival of riches before assuming^the matrimonial responsibilities. Old folks were plain, economical and hospitable, and the young people were imbued with the same spirit as their parents. They were willing to go to housekeeping in a style correspond.- ing with their means, trusting to the future for larger houses and more expensive furniture. There are many amusing anecdotes connected with some of the earlier weddings; one of these, which has been called to mind by an old resident of the county, is worth}' of recital. It is said that upon one occasion, in the "early fifties," a young and unsophisticated couple sought out, in one of the incipient villages of this locality, the party au- thorized to tie the hymeneal knot. A well known citizen, a wag, by waj' of a practical joke, referred them to the Postmaster, saying that the govern- ment authorized that ofticial to act upon such oc- casions. When the custodian of the mails was in- terviewed by the embarrassed pair, he disclaimed anj' knowledge of such authority', but added, that as he had not been long in the emplo^'ment of the government, was not quite " up to snuff'; but if the gentleman who sent them there said that he could, he supposed it was true. Accordingly the MONONA COUNTY. 177 blushing couple were langeil up in front of the Postmaster, a young and gay bachelor, who in the most approved style impressed them with the so- lemnity of the occasion, w^arned them to "let no man | ut asunder what he had j'ined," and in closing pionounced them Mr. and Mrs., etc., ac- cording to the postal laws of the United States. "And you may now go in peace — only $1 apiece, please." The first marriage of which there is any record is found in the journal of the couuty court. The license was issued Nov. 6, 1855, to Gabriel Lang and Hannah Isabel Van Dorn, and the parties were united in marri.ige the same day by John Craig, the county judge. The second license was issued Nov. 13, 1855, to Robert Jamison and Emily Folek, and the cere- mony performed the same day by the county judge. Next followed licenses granted to the following parties: Charles Cobb and Louisa Smith, Dec. 5, 1855, married the same day by "his lionor." Albert Clemmons and Matilda Lane. Jan. 9, 1856 ; united the same day by the judge. Thomas Gwin and Catherine Sumner. Jan. 9, 1856; married the same day by Judge Craig. Franklin W. Brooks and Martha Roberts, Jan. 9, 1856, the ceremony being performed by the same official. Ivan Lytle and Nancy E. Younger; marriage ceremony performed Jan. 11, 1856. by W. II. Wil- se}-. Justice of the Peace. Samuel King and Louisa Morrell, May 4, 1856; married the same day by W. II. Wilsey, Justice of the Peace. Francis C. Case and Esther Davis, Dec. 22, 1856 ; ceremony performed Christmas day, bj- L. Scars, Justice of the Peace. William Bower and Maria Cranej', July 10, 185G ; married the same daj- by John Craig, County Judge. L. I). Wellington and Elizabeth Lee, Dec. 24, 1856; married the snme day by Timothy Elliott. William Burton and S. M. Van Dorn, Dec. 30, 185C. Licenses for the year 1857 were granted to the following named couples upon the dates mentioned: J. B. Card and M. A. Kratz, Jan. 26. Abel Perry and Nancy Porter, March 2. .lohn C. Watts and Rachel Vanzanl, .Sept. 17. Homer G. Kelsey and Mary A. Goodhue, Dec. 26. This comprises all the marriages for that year, and the number rather decreased the next year, for we Ond that in 1858 the following only were licensed to wed : John A. Hittleand Caroline Ashton, April 9, the ceremony being performed b\- C. E. Whiting, County Judge, April 11. John Jones and Sarah J. Cook, June 21, the same party officiating, on the 22nd. Conrad Engleman and A'irginia C. Williams, August 5, married on the same day by the Judge. James H. Sharon and Amanda VanDorn, married by Otis Warren, August 21, the license being dated the same daj'. Thomas Chai)man and Nellie A. Billings and Richard Stebbins and Mar3' I. billings were united in marriage, at the court-house, Januar3' 17, 1859, by fleorge G. Rice, the license being granted the same day. The only other license issued that j-ear was one to Stephen Tillson and Esther R. Case, January- 4, the ceremony being performed on the 5th, Timothv Elliott offic-iating. The licenses for the year 1860 were granted on the dates mentioned to the following-mentioned candidates for matrimony: Edwin Berge and Frances Burgot, January 24. Jo'pph Dunganand Ruth Morgan, March 3. James C. Crabb and .\nna C. Lytle, Mav 5. Daniel W. Sampson and Hannah F. Oliver, May 24. C.W. Metcalf and Helen L. Hathaway, August 18. George M. Scott and Maria II. Cobb, Septem- ber 14. Samuel Heisler and Mar}- Merrill, November 16. John Rounds, Jr., and Amy W. Jordan, Novem- ber 24. Charles Atkins and Mary R. .Scars, December I. James Armstrong and Margaret L. Cleghorn, December 1. 178 MONONA COUNTY. Seth Smith and Hannah Bayliss, December 8. Licenses were granted in 1861 to Dennis Butts and Julia Xult, January 5. Joseph Robinson and Margaret Fegenbush, Jan- uary 7. Henry Heisler and Mary Elizabeth Maynard, Jau- uarj' 7. f^dwurd Winegar and Mary Jane Anderson, Feb- ruary 19. Mosiah Winegar and Martha D. Outhouse. March 7. Rockwell Jewell and Mahala Folcli, May 15. C. H. Holbrook and Jane Fairchild, June 12. John A. Heisler and Clarissa Wilsey, June 1.5. Jacob (Chopper and Caroline Cooley, July 16. John (J. Adams and Eliza J. McCleer}', August 13. M. V. B. Nute and Margaret Bouslaugh, Septem- ber 9. Joshua Lane and Emma M. Younger, October 1 7. Ilart D. Warren and Mary J. Ayers, October 18. Ilirura B. Ernst and Hannah Jordan, Novem- ber 9. Joseph B. P. Day and Sophia E. Thomas. No- vember 20. But five licenses were granted during the year 1862, the absence of the younger men from the county serving with the Union Army, and the gen- eral depressed slate of everything, affecting the matrimonial market. The following is tiie record of that year : Robert McCleery and Elizabeth F. Doud ; Daniel Folck and Eliza A. Case; Mosiah Winegar and Catherine Gwinn; Omer Ljtle and Frances Lane, and Luther 51. Morton and Tenipty A. Folck. The marriage of Mosiah Winegar and Catherine Gwinn was performed January 21, 1863, by John Thomas, who signed himself "Elder of the Church of Jesus Ciirist of the Latter Day Saints," the onlj- time this denomination is so recognized upon the records. These names are sufficient. Most of them will be recognized as those of prominent early settlers, and those who have taken a considerable part in the developement of Monona County. Herewith is ap- pended a table showing the number of marriages during each year that has elapsed since the begin- ning of the record : \ 1 8.55 . 1856. 1857 1858. 1859 . 1860 1861. 1862. 1863 1864. 1865 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869 1870. 1871 3 1872 9 1873 4 1874 4 1875 3 1876 11 1877 15 1878 .5 1879 9 1880 6 1881 19 1882 26 1883 25 1884 •'6 1885 19 188G 41 1887 37 1888 40 52 49 68 81 68 82 75 107 87 110 114 111 113 131 127 133 Total 1,810 CIVIL TOVTNSHIPS. Monona Count}' is divided into twenty civil townships, bearing the following names: Ashton, Bclvidere, Center, Cooper, Fairview, Franklin, Grant, .Jordan, Kennebec, Lake, Lincoln, Maple, Onawa City, St. Clair, Sherman, Sioux, Soldier. Spring Valley. West Fork and Willow. A detailed history of each of these, together with the town and village therein contained, will be given further on in this volume. SUE VETS. As an item of little known interest, the date of the various Government surveys made in the county are here given, and are authoritative and authentic. The south line of the countj' was surveyed July 11, 12 and 13, 1851. Townships 82, 83, 84 and 85, ranges 42 and 43, had their outer lines run from Jul}' 13, to Aug. 7. 1851. Townships 82, 83, 84 and 85, ranges 44, 45, 46 and 47, were laid out as such by survey's between Nov. 13 and 30, 1851. Between Oct. 19 and Nov. 13, 1852, the section lines in townships 83, 84 and 85, range 45 were survej'ed. From March 29 to April 5, 1853, the surveyors were busy running the section lines in township 85. range 45, township 82, range 42, and townships 82, 83 and 84, range 43, had the sec- tion lines run between M.ay 9 and June 12, 1853. Townshi[) 85, range 43, and townships 83, 84 and MONONA COUNTY. 17 It JS5, range 44 were surveyed into sections between Dec. 14, 1852. and Feb. 3, 1853. Tlie section lines of townsiiip 82, ranijcs II and 45, were run between the 27tli of January, and the ITtli of February, 1853. 82, 83, 84 and 85. range 46, and 84 and 85, range 17, were divided into sections l)et>veen Oct. 28, and Dec. 16, 1852. And tiie section lines tliat divide townships 83, 84 and 85, range 42, were run l)etween Sept. 20, and Oct. 20, 1855. Through some error in tiie survey of townships 83 and 84, range 44, they bad to be surveyed over, und are known as the "Lost Townsiiips." By this means, when the balance of the county, except Cooper, Soldier and St. Clair, were placed on the market, the Lost Townsiiip settlers could not pur- chase at private sale, and coidd only be reached through pre-emptions until June, 1858, when they were at last opened for sale. At the same time the towns of Soldier, St. Clair and Cooper were opened for settlement. The land odice was at Council Bluffs, and thither tlie pioneers were compelled to go to fde and prove up their claims. ^^ POLITICAL. CHAPTEE V. S^ N no way can the political liistovy of Monona I County be more fully and authentically laid lil before the reader, than by the presentation of a full and complete abstract of the vote of the peo- ple for the various years since the organization of the county up to and including the present one. These are each taken from the various official rec- ords of the county, and are therefore correct, and their arrangement for convenience of reference will, no doubt, be appreciated. On the 3d of April, 1854, an election was held for the purpose of organizing the county, of which there is no official record of the vote, which was, doubtless quite small. The following were elected county officers: Charles B. Thompson, County Judge; George Hickenlooper, Clerk of the District Court; Johnson F. Lane, Sheriff; Hugh Lytle, Treasurer and Recorder; Guy C. Barnum, Drain- age Commissioner; Isaac Ashton, Prosecuting At- torney; and Aaron Cook, Coroner. In Ashton Township, Josiah Sumner, Isaac Ashton and J. B. Gard were chosen as Trustees; L. D. Driggs and J. B. Gard, Justices of the Peace: Aaron Cook, Clerk; L. D. Driggs, Assessor; and Josiah Sumner and Marion Owens, Constables. Andrew Hall and Kelson INIessenger, were at the same time elected Justices of tlie Peace in and for the precinct of Pre|i:u-ation. ELLCTION, AUGUST 7, 1854. Clerk District Court. Andrew Hall, no opposition. . . .26 — 26 Prosecuting Attorney, Amos S. Chase 24 — 22 Jehial Savage, 2 County Surveyor, . J. H. AVagner 33— 33 Coroner, II. C. Hoyt 25— 25 ELECTION. APIilL 2, 1855. Clerk District Court, Andrew G. Jackson, no opposition 37— 37 Prosecuting Attorney, Jehial Savage 25 — 6 Horace J. Hawley, 18 H. B. Hawley 1 ELECTION, AUGUST, 1855. County Judge, John Craig 31 — 7 Isaac Ashton 24 Sheriff, Guy C. Barnum 31 — 7 John Thomas 1 Francis S. Case 13 Treasurer and Recorder, Hugh Lytle 31— 7 Lorenzo D. Driggs 24 MONONA Coroner, Homer C. lloyt 31— 7 Josiah Sumner 24 County Surveyor, Samuel Scolt 31— 10 H. J. Ilawley 21 ELECTION, APKIL, 1856. Treasurer and liecorder, William Burton 53 — 28 J. H. Pearce 24 Daniel Lalaud 1 School Fund Commissioner, Isaac Davis 48— 1 9 C. B. Thompson 29 KLECTIOX. NOVEMBER 4, 1856. Tiiis was the first presidential election held. The voting place was a little log cabin, southwest quar- ter section 7, 84, 14. The ballots were cast in a tin match box. Fremont 47 Buchanan 58 — 1 1 Fillmore 13 ELECTION, APRIL 6, 1857. County Judge, C. E. Whiting, no opposition. 134 — 134 Drainage Commissioner. J. B. I'. Day 40 .lames II. Sharon 80 — 31 .1. II. Kelsey 9 School Fund Commissioner, Timothy Elliott 109— 86 .1. Wiley 21 Daniel Laland 1 More 1 Assessor, S. S. I'earcp 48 Jo^pii Dungan 86 — 38 On the question of passing the Hog Law : For the Hog Law 82 — 76 Against the Hog Law 6 COUNTY. 181 ELECTIOX, AUGUST 3, 1857. County Judge, Leonard Sears 60 C. E. Whiting 73— 13 N. G. Wyatt 45 N. G. Weyatt 1 Treasurer and Recorder, William Burton 96 — 27 D. G. Benner 67 John A. Hittle 2 Shcrilf', Hugh Lytic 105— 32 John A. Hittle 73 Coroner, George Erb 102— 32 Isaac Ashton 34 Hugh Lytle 31 Timothy Elliott 1 Theodore Smith 4 County Surveyor, James II. Sharon 167 — 166 M. Olmsted 1 ELECTION, OCTOBER 13, 1857. Governor. Ralph P. Lowe 102—30 Ben M. Samuels 72 Lieutenant Governor. Orrin Faville 103—29 George (Jillaspv 74 On the question of increasing salary of Treas- urer: For such increase 73 — 48 Against 25 ELECTION, APRIL 5, 1858. On the question of relocating the count}- seat: For Onawa 1 30 — 3 1 For A>liU)n 99 Sheriit'. Francis C. Case 134—41 John .\. Hittle 93 F'lr Suiierintendent of Schools. Ch.as. H. Bisbec 215 182 MONONA COUNTY. Coroner. N. G. Wyatt 203—201 Daniel Laland 1 H. E. Colby 1 ELECTION, JCNE 28, 1858. On the adoption of a general State Banking law: For tlic adoption of the law 39 — 14 Against 25 On the question of establishing the State Bank of Iowa: In favor of the bank 61 — 49 Against 12 On the question of appropriating 5=3,000 of the Swamp Land Fund for building roads and bridges: In favor of the appropriation . . . .44 — 22 Against 22 ELECTION, OCTOBER 12, 1858. Seavtary of State. Elijah Sells, R 77— Samuel Douglas, D 79 — 2 State Ti-easurer. John "\V. Jones, R 77 — 17 Samuel L. Lorah, D 60 State Auditor. J. W. Cattell, R 77—11 T. S. Parviu, D 66 Commissioner, Des Moines River Improvement. William E. Deake, R 77 Charles Baldwin. D 80 — 3 Register, Stale Land Office. Amos B. Miller, R 78 James M. Reid, D 79 — 1 Attorney General. Samuel A. Rice, R 81 — 20 J. M. Elwood, D 61 Representative in Coivgress. W. E. Leffingwell. D 81— 3 Wm. Vandeveer. R 78 Judge, District Court. A. W. Iliibbiud. R 66 N. G. AVyatl, U 88—22 District Attorney. O. C. Howe 79— E. D. Thompson 79 Member Board of Education. J. S. Cole 106—54 D. E. Brainard 52 Clerk of District Court. H. J. Hawley 95—44 Charles Atkins 46 Theodore Smith 4 F. A. Day 1 Sheriff. John A. Hittle 70—27 pi. E. R. Pierce 43 F. AV. Snow 41 F. A. Day 1 On the question of increasing salaries of County Judge, Clerk of the Court and Treasurer: For the increase 95 — 39 Against -. 56 On question of re-deeding to Isaac Ashton un- sold lots in Ashton: For re-deeding 151 — 151 Against ELECTION, OCTOBER 11, 1859. Oovernor. Samuel J. Kirkwood, R 99 Augustus C. Dodge, D 113—14 Lieutenant Governor. N. J. Rusch, R 99 L. W. Babbitt, D 113—14 Representative, Legislatice. V. B. Crooks 98 J. W. Dennison 112—13 Scattering 1 Clerk of District Court. Charles Atkins 150—97 John A. Forgens 52 Kratz 1 Sheriff. John A. Hittle 11 7—37 T. II. Flowers 72 Scattering 8 MONONA COUNTY. 183 Counlij Judge. C. K. Whiting 99 J. t'. llazlcU 111—12 Drainage Com m issioner. J. Armslroug 156 — 103 F. W. Da.V 51 .1. (.'. Armstrong 1 ■I. C. Hazlett 1 County Surveyor. Joseph Diingan 1 31 — 52 C C. Hisl)eo 77 Thonias Dungan 1 II. Lytle 1 KI.IXTIOX, OCTOBEIt, 1859. Coroner. James A. Scott 185 — 171 Amasa Briggs 11 iScattering 3 Treasurer and Eecorder. C. II. Holbrook 11 7—27 S. Tillson 48 ■William Wing • 8 W. Wing 3 W. S. Wing 2 William L. Wing 24 V. Holbrook 3 C. C. Holbrook 1 Tillson 1 Suiierintendent of Common Schools. Hugh Lytic 114—27 A. R. Wright 82 Scattering 5 On the question of the repeal of the hog law: For repeal 31 Against 45 — 14 ELECTION .NOVEMBEU ij, 18G0. Prfsklent. Abraham Lincoln, R 109 — 18 Stephen A Douglas, IT. D 89 John C. Breckenridge, S. I>. . . 2 Sfcrotary of StaO: Elijah Sells, R 109— 18 John M. Corse, D 91 Auditor of Stole. J. W. Cattell, R 109— 18 George W. Ma.vfiehl, 1) 91 Treasurer of Slatp. John W. Jones. H 109— 18 John .M. Kills. J) 91 Attorney General. C. C. Nourse, R 109— 18 William McClintock, D 91 Ri'ijisler State Land OffifX. A. B. Miller, R 98 Patrick Robb, D 1 02— 4 Judge of Supreme Court. G. G. Wright, R 109— 18 Daniel F. Miller, D 91 Member of Congress. William Vandeveer, R 109— 20 Ben M. Samuels, D 89 Clerk District Court. Charles Atkins 155 — 11 1 James C. Crabb 38 Scattering 6 On the Question of Repealing the Hog Law. For rei)eal 74 Against 77 — 3 For repeal in twelve months. . . lU ELECTION, OCTOBER 8, 1861. For Governor. S. J. Kirkwood. R 135— 49 W. II. Merrill, D 80 .Scattering 6 Lieutenant Governor. J. R. Xeedham, R 136— 50 Lauren Dewey, D 8G Judge Supreme Court. Ralph P. Lowe. R 1 36— f J. M. Elwooil. 1) 83 Reuben Noble I) J. .M. .Merrill 1 M'-mber Legislature. J. C. Hazlett 102— 1 W. W. Fuller 101 C. Dunham 13 184 MONONA COUNTY. Oil the C^uestioii of Relocating the Counti" Seat at Belvidore. In favor of locating it at Belvidere. 104 In favor of leaving it at Onawa. ... 1 19 — 15 County Judge. J. R. Bouslaugh 1 12— 12 C. C. Bisbee 96 Scattering 4 Treasurer and Recorder. C. H. Holbrook 149— 70 J. B. P. Day 62 ,1. Crabb 12 J. P. Day 5 Drainage Commissio n ^r. James Armstrong 139 — 52 A. A. Davis 87 Sheriff. J. A. Hittle 120— 24 J. M. Kelsey 85 Scattering 11 County Surveyor-. Levi Smith 87- — 11 J. Dungan 60 Scattering 16 . Coroner. James A. Scott, no opposition . . 204 — 204 Superintendent Common Schools. Richard Stebbins 106— 1 F. F. Roe 103 Scattering 2 On Question of Repealing the Hog Law. For repeal 107 — 15 Against 92 EI-ECTION, OCTOBER 14, 1862. Secretary of State. R. H. Sylvester, D 101 James AVright, R 126-- 25 Auditor of State. John Brown. D 103 J. W. Cattell, R 125— 22 Treasurer of State. Samuel L. Lorali, D 103 W. H. Holmes. R 125— 22 Attorney General. ' Benton J. Hall, D 103 C. C. Nourse, R 125— 22 Register State Land Office. Fred. Gottschalk, D 102 J. A. Harvey, R 125— 23 Member of Congress. John F. Duncombe, D 71 A. W. Hubbard 155— 84 Judge of District Court. John Currier, D 100 Isaac Pendleton, R 128— 28 District Attorney. H. C. Crauford 38 Henry Ford 148—106 Jacob Smith 4 Member of Board of Education. W. J. Wagoner 102—101 Cornelius Dunham 1 Clerk of District Court. W. H. Wiley 168—140 Jno. Craig 13 George Erb 1 Chas. Atkins 1 J. A. Heisler 13 County Surveyor. C. C. Bisbee 68— 67 Joseph Dungan 1 On the Question of Removing the County Seat to Areola. For removal 100 Against Removal 1 23 — 23 On the Question of Making a Hog Law. For the law 135— 57 Against the law 88 On Ratification of Swamp Land Contract. For ratification 162 — 106 Against 56 On Question of Increase of County Tax. For increase 13 Against increase 166 — 153 MU>;o^A KLECTIOS OCTOBEK 11. 18G3. W. M. Stone, R 09— I James M. Tutlle. I) ".»5 Lk'nlfiuinl ii'i'iirrnl. E. \y. Eastman, K 102— 1 4 Jobn F. Duncombe, D 8» Judge Suin-fiiifi Otiirt. John F. Dillon. U 96— 1 1 Charles Mason, D 85 State Senator. George W. Basset. R 94 Chas. E. WhiUng, D 99— 5 liepresentalice. Slate Legislature. S. E. Dow, D 84 Addison Oliver, R 105 — 21 County Judge. Stephen Tillson, R Sheriff. J. A. Hittle County Superintendent Schools. W. L. Ring County Surveyor. C. II. Holbrook -. Treasurer and Recorder. James Armstrong Drainage Commissioner. James A. Scott ELECTION NOVEMBICH 8, 1864. President. Abraham Lincoln. R 122 — 34 George B. McCIellan. D 88 Secretary of State. Jaraes Wright, R 1 2.3—34 John II. Wallace. I) 89 Treasurer of .S7o/<'. William H. Hohm-i. R 123—34 J. B. Lasb. D 89 Audit' >r of .Sifife. K. C. Ilcnderjh.ilt. I! 123—34 John A. Elliott, D 89 CULNTY. liegister Stale Land Offiee. Josiah A. Harvey, R 1 13—18 B. D. Holbrook, D 95 Attorney General. I. L. Allen. R 123—34 C. M. Dunlmr, D 89 Judge Supreme Conrt. C. C. Cole, R 12.3—34 T. M. Monroe, D 89 Member of Congress. Asahel W. Hubbard. R 125—39 Leander Chapman, D 86 Clerk of District Court. Timothj- Elliott. 1 16— 16 W. H. Wiley 96 Charles Atkins 4 County Recorder. E. D. Dimmick 121—26 J. B.Ira 95 Superintendent of Schools. C. C. Bisbee 130—110 JohnElwell 2 W. L. Phillips 2 J. A. Goodrich 16 ELECTION OCTOBER 10, 1865. Coroner. AVilliam M. Stone. R 115 Thomas II. Benton, D 138—22 G. S. Baily 1 Lieutenant Governor. B. F. Gvie. R 130—8 W. W. Ilamiilon. D 121 L. W. Babbitt 1 Judge Supreme Court. George G. Wright. R 131—9 H. II. Tnmble, D 122 State Senator. Addison Oliver (no opposition)205 — 205 Representative, General Assembly. W. .1. Waggoner 98 S. .1. Comfort 1 43—4.1 IK.' 18G MONONA COUNTY. Superintendent of Pvblic Instruction. Orin Faville, R 131—10 J. W. Sennett, 1) 121 Co tin I >/ Jiichjr. A. Dimtnick 112 C. C. Bisbee 124—11 M. Adams 1 Treasurer. .lohn E.Selleck 221—230 AtMison Dimmick 1 Sheriff. John A. Hittle 102 E. R. Pierce 120—18 County Surveyor. C. H. Holbrook 147—48 J. B. P. Day 99 Superintendent of Common Schools. W. A. Dorwanl 122—4 .1. B. Goodrich 118 Coroner. Vi'. A. Uorward 1 F. P. Roe 179—178 Drainage Commissioner. James Armstrong 177 — 176 W. A. Dorwanl 1 On the question of the division of the connty l)y detaching the eastern range of townships: For Division 129—10 Against 119 ELECTION, OCTOBER 8, 1867. Oovernor. Samuel Merrill, R 266—129 Charles Mason, D 137 Lieutenant Governor. John Scott, R 267—132 D. M. Harris, D 135 .Tndr/e. Supreme Court. Joseph M. Beck. R 268—134 John II. Cr.aig, D 134 Attorney General. Henry O'Connor. R 268—134 W. P. Barker, I) 134 State Superintendent, Puhlie Instruction. D. Franklin Wells. R 269—136 Maturin L. Fisher. D 133 Representative, Leg is lature. Stephen Tillson, R 269—138 J. M. Butler, D 131 County Judge. Elijah Peake 187—2 C. E. Whiting 185 County Treasurer. John E. Selleck 303—208 W. L. Ring 95 Sheriff. ' William A. Grow 206—17 I. A. Hittle 188 E.R.Pierce 1 County Surveyor. C. II. Holbrook 205—14 J. L. Swinburne 179 Jas. Armstrong 2 Dra in age Com m issioner. D. M. Dimmick 254—139 T. H. Flowers 115 Superintendent of Schools. Joseph S. Maughlin 296 — 194 D.W.Butts ;^102 Coroner. Richard Stebbins 290 — 178 J. Butts Ill T. H. Flowers 1 ELECTION, NOV. 3, 1868. President. Ulysses Grant, R 372 — 207 Horatio Seymour, D 165 On the adoption of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth amendments to the State Constitution: I For ailoption 300 — 78 Against adoption 222 Secretary of Stall'. I Ed. Wright, R 369—202 I David Hammer, D 167 MONONA Tri'a surer oj Slale. S. K. Uankiii. R 36'.)— 202 L. MiCcrty. I) 167 Au'litiir 'if Sloti'. .loliii A. KUiott. 1{ 369 — 202 II. Dunlavey, D 167 Jiegistfr, StaU- Land Office. Vyrus C. CarpiMittr. H . .368 — 201 A. I). Anderson, D 167 Ath)riK'yCfeneral. I Iiiiry O'Connor, R 36S — 200 •I. K. Williamson, I) 1G8 Jifpresentativf in (.'(ingress. Charles Pomeroy. R 370 — 205 C. A. L. RozelJ, \) 165 State Senator. .1. \V. Mourhead, R 457 — 405 s. T. Davis, D 51 R. McGovern T 1 Judge, Circuit Court. Addison Oliver.R 365 — 1 99 S. J. Comfort, D 166 Clerk of Court. .1. K. McCaski y 371—206 r. J.Kimball 165 County Recorder. John E. Sellcck 386-240 W. S. Lacy 146 ELECTIOX, OCTOBEn 12, 1869. Governor. Samuel Merrill. R 364 — 211 Oeorge fiillaspy D 1 53 Lieutenant Goremor. Madison M. Waldcii. !; 364 — 211 A. 1'. Richardson, I) 153 Judge. Supreme Court. Joiin F. Dillon. R 364 211 W. V. Baunian. D 153 Sniiprinteinlent Pu/ilic Inn/ruction. (lo fdl vacancy.) A. S. Kissell, R 364—253 Edmund Jaeger. I) Ill COUNTY. Superintendent Public Instruction. (full term.) A. S. Kissell, R ;jt;| — 224 Edmund Jaeger. 1) 1 |() State Senator. Charles Atkins 31)4 203 L. R. Boiler 88 .Scattering 3 Memher of Legislature. J. D. Miricle 290 — 76 II. C. L.iul) 214 County Audil'ir. John K. McC.askoy, R 390 — 311 C. A. Burnluini 79 Sheriff. K. R. Pierce 254 8 William Burton 246 County Treasurer. James Armstrong 350 — 224 P. J. Kimball 103 John E. .Selleck. 23 Superintendent of Schools. W. A. Greene, R 261 — 28 William Pelan 233 County Surceyor. Josei)h Dungan !* 6 — 448. C. H. Holbrook 6 G. A. Dougl.is 1 Charles Cuinpbv'll 1 Coroner. Richard Stebbins 385 297 J. D. Butts 88 Drainage Com m issioner. John Jeffcoat -Je I — 289 Peter Reiley 72 For the adoption of the Hog Law. For restraint 271 — 162 Against 109 ELECTION. OCTOBER 11, 1870. Judge, Supreuii' Cnurt. (full term.) Chester C. Cole. R |51 — 326 J. C. Knapp, D 1 25 187 188 MONONA COUNTY. Judge. Supreme Court. (to fill vacancy.) W. E. Miller.n 452—328 Reuben Noble. D 124 Judge, Supreme Court. (to fill vacancy.) Jtimes G. Diiy, R 40.3—231 P. H. Smyth, U 123 James E. Da^- 49 Secretary of State. Ed Wright. R. .' 452—328 Charles Doerr, D 124 State Auditor. .John Russell. R 452—328 W. W. Garner. D 124 State Treasurer. Samuel E. Rankin, R 452—328 W. C. James, D 124 Register, State Land Office. A.sron Brown, R 452—328 D. F. Ellsworth, \) 102 F. D. Ellsworth 22 Attorney General. Henry O'Connor, R 452—328 Hugh iVf. Martin, 1) 124 liejMrter of Sujirenip Court. E. W. Stiles, R 452—330 C. H. Bane, D 122 Clerk of Supreme Court. Charles Lindermann, R 452 — 328 Willi.im McLellan. D 124 On the proposition "Shall there lie a Convention to revise the Constitution ami revise the same": For Convention 132 Against 175 — 43 Member of Cifin/ress. Jackson Orr, R . . 452—328 C. C. .Smetzer. 1) 112 Scattering 12 Judge, District Court. Henry Ford, (no opposition.) . . 483 — 483 District Attorney. C. H. Lewis, R 455—333 T. E. Brannen. U 1 22 Judge, Circuit Court. Addison Olive- 47i_468 Scattering 3 Clerk of Courts. J. K. JlcCaskey 537—535 Josiah Morgan 2 liecorder. Charles G. Perkins 493—358 Scattering 35 County Supervisors. W. G. Kennedy '. 390—236 William Pelan 370—1 1 9 F.B.Smith 154 C. E. Whitin- 275 G. P. Morehead 251 C. A. Burnhara 358 — 83 Scattering .'...' 4 On the question. "Shall the road be completed:" For completion 267 Against 324 — 57 On the question, "Shall the number of Super- visors be increased to five:" For increase 51 Against 542 — 491 On the question. "Shall stock be restrained from running at large :" For restraint 43 Against 562-5)9 ELECTION, OCTOBER 10, 1871. Governor. Cyrus C. Carpenter, R 477 — 452 J. C. Knapp, 1) 17 Scattering 8 Lieutenant Gorernor. H. C. Bulls. R 174—450 M. M. Ham, D 17 .lot' Smilli 7 Judge, Supreme Court. J. (;. Day.R 470—449 .lolin F. Dunconibe. I) 14 AVilliain Gray 6 Walter Pulsifer 1 MONONA tSuiiiriiitindent, I'ubtic Instruction. Aloiizt) AlierR.ithy. R ITo — 151 K. M. Muiniii. 1) II \V:ill 201 Representative in Congress. Jackson Orr, R 575 — 349 John F. Duncombe, I) ..226 Judge Circuit Court. Addison Oliver 615 — 613 Clerk of the Courts. John K. McCaskey 469—133 James W'alker 195 D. E. Kinney 137 Scattering 4 Ri'corder. M. W. P.acon 386— 1 10 [il W. R. llanscom 27<; C. 11. Uolbrook 138 Scattering 4 County Supervisor. W. G. Kennedy 377—160 |>1 C. K. Whiting 217 Benjamin Herring 205 Scattering 2 Coroner. Richard Stebbins 326—326 OS THE QUESTION OK .\.\ E.XTItA T.VX, For the tax 22 .\gainst 597 — 575 ELECTION-. OCTOBER 14, 1873. Governor. Cyrus C. Carpenter, R 45;t — 1 1 6 190 MONONA COI^NTY. Coroner. R. Stebbins 381 Omar Irish 118 — 37 ELECTION. OCTOBER 13, 1874. Secretary of State. Josiah T. Young, R 46:) Daniel Morgan, D .")l.j — 46 Auditor of Stale. Bnren R. Sherman, R 468 .James M. King, I) 516 — 48 Treasurer of Stale. William Christy, R 469 II. C. Harges, D ;". 1.5— 46 Register State Land Office. David Secor, R 467 R. H. Roderamel, D 517—50 Attorney Oeneral. M. E. Cutts, R 470 .Jolin H. Keatley, D 51 3 — 43 Cle)-k of Supreme Court. E. J. Holmes, R 468 G. W. B.all, D 516—48 Representative in Congress. Addison Oliver, R 448 C. E. Whiting, D 511—63 Judge of Distrirl Court. C. H. Lewis, R 481 P. D. Miekel, D 501 — 20 Judge Circuit Court. .T. R. Zuver 473 J. li. Chamberlain 51 1 — 38 District Attorney. George B. McCarthy 471 M. AVakefield 51,5—44 Clerk of the Courts. E. M. Cassady 465 W. R. Hanscom 527 — 62 Recorder. M. W. Bacon 520—54 C. A. Danforth 166 County Su]^ervisor. E. Wilbur 456 Geo. M. Scott 536—80 Jacob Vale, D 334 .Jacob G. Val(! 8 Whiting 1 Lieutenant Governor. Joseph Dysart, R 354 C. E. Whiting, D. . . 437—82 John El well 1 Judge Supreme Court. J. M. Beck, R 45,;_109 B.J. Hall, D 34 Superintendent, Public Instruction. Alonzo Abernathy, R 457 — 110 D. W. Prindle, D 347 State Senator. George D. Perkins, R 353 L Kellogg, D. and G. B 430—77 Representative to the Legislature. G. W. McMillan 340 E. B. Baird 457—112 Scattering 5 County Auditor. J. K. AlcCaskey Ml — 88 L. D. Kittle 352 McCasky 7 County Treasurer. .lames Armstrong 340 W. L. Ring 401-120 Scattering 4 Sheriff. J. K. Myers 423—37 C. S. Robbins 382 Myers 4 Supe)~visor. B. Ingersoll 378 N. B. Olson 425—41 Ingersoll 6 County Surveyor. (ieorge Atkins 397 C. H. Holbrook 3;t9— 2 pi. Scattering 2 Superintendent of Common Schools. S. B. Martin 312 Miss Sarah Fulton 461 — 1-11 Scattering 8 MONONA On the qiieslion of restraining stock from run- ning at large from December 1 to Ma^' 1. For restraint 301 Against 450 — 149 On tiie question of restraining stock from run- ning at large between sunset and sunrise, from May 1 to December 1 . For restrai.U 258 Against 509 — 25 1 KI.KCTION OCTOltKH 12. 1875. Goreninr. Samuel .1. Kirkwootl R 566 — 194 Shepherd Lctller, 1) 263 .1. H. Lozier 9 Lieutenant Governor. Joshua G. Xewboltl. R 565— 1 94 E. B. Woodward. 1) 371 Jtid/je of Supreme Court. Austin Adams, R 569 — 201 William J. Knight. 1) 368 Superintendent of Public Instruction. Alonzo Abernalliy. R 570—203 Isaiah Doane. 1) 367 Representative, State Legislature. George R.ae. R 508—71 R. W. Lutiier. D 438 County Auditor. .lolin K. Mcfaskey 616—279 S. R. Bassett 337 County 7Yea.^urer. G. H. Bryant 491—32 W. L. Ring 459 Sheriff. James Walker 627—302 Neal McNeill 325 Coroner. Dr. D. Ilnndcl 511—510 I). I). Handel 1 Huperintendeni of SchiMls. J. E. Sanders 407 Rev. ('. N. Lyman 504 — 65 Scattcriiiir 32 COUNTY. Surveyor. .1. 1'. 15. Day. R 492—44 ('. II. llolbroi.k. 1) 458 Sujiervisor. U. E. Colby 53C— 119 Peter Reily 411 Scattering 6 KLECTION, XOVKMUKK 7, 1876. President. Rutiierford B. Hayes. R 713 — 109 Samuel J. Tildcn, I) .304 Peter Cooper. (1. B 300 Member of Congress. Addison Oliver 745 — 159 Samuel Rees 294 H. A. Pierce 291 B. D. IIolbrn.,k 1 Judge of Supreme Court {full term). W. II. Seevers. R 633 AValter I. Hayes. D 263 Chark's Negus, G. B 281 Judge. Supreme Court. (to fill vacancy.) James H. Rothrock. R 707 — 100 AVilliam Graham, 1) 292 O. R. Jones, G. B 313 Judge, Supreme Court. (to fill vacancy.) W. 11. Seevers. R 707—3 1 2 W. I. Hayes. D 293 Charles Negus. G. B 202 Secretary of Stale. Josiah T. Young, R 706—193 J. H. Stubenrauch. I» 289 A. McCready. G. B 324 Auditor of State. Bun n R. Sherman. R 708—198 William Gronewig, D 293 Leonard Brown, G. B 317 Treasurer of Stale. George W. Bcmis, R 707—196 Wesley Jones. I) 294 George C. Fry, li. U 317 191 19-2 MONONA Register State Land Office. l):ivifl Secor. R 708—197 N. C. Ki'leiiour, I) 294 G. M. Walker. G. !! 317 Attorney General. John F. McJunkin, R 708—415 J. S. Cook 293 Superintendent Public Instruction. (to fill vacancy). Carl W. von Coelln, K 705—386 J. A. Nasli 319 Judge, Circuit Court. J. R. Zuver. R 709—422 M. B. Dnvi.< 287 Clerk of Courts. W. R. Hanscom 664—36 W. Mack Kn.st..ii 279 B. F. Ross 342 — JIarr 6 — McCiiskev 1 County lii'corder. M. W. Bacon, R 1041—78.-) George Un.l.rhiil !) 253 Scattering 3 Supervisor. E. Wilbcr 704—136 Joseph Robinson I 46 Q. A. Wooster 420 — Easton 1 KI.ECTION, OCTOBliK 9, 1877. Governor. John H. Gear, R 580—2] John P. Irish, I) 119 Daniel V. Stnhbs, G. B 431 Elias Jessup, 1' 9 Lieutenant Governor. Frank T. Campbell, R 590—141 W. C. Jame.s, D 117 A. McCready. G. B 432 Judge, Su}}reme Court. James G. Day, R 594—48 (I. E. J. Boardman. D 118 John Porter, G. B 428 COUNTY. Suj)erintendent Public Instruction. Carl W. von Coelln. R 596—52 G. D. CoUison. D 116 S. T. Ballard, G. B 428 State Senator. A. W. Ford 602—109 Phineas CalAell 487 Scatter! njj: 4 Eepresenlative, State Legislature. Elijah Peake 520 D. D. Harkness 522— pi. 2 Scatterins: 14 County Auditor. John K. McCaskey. R 712—91 AV. L. Ring 418 Scattering 3 Couidy Treasurer. G. II. Bryant 714—295 John Jeffcoat 416 .Scattering 3 Sheriff. James Walker 838—536 Omar Irish 296 Scattering 6 Coroner. D. 11. JIcKuwn 585—93 E. H. Banks 483 Scattering , 9 Superintendent of Schools. J. E.Sanders 402 Rev. C. N. Lyraan 422— pi. 20 Peter Inman 292 County Surveyor. George Atkins (588—249 C. W. Bisbee 430 Scattering 9 Surveyor. Joseph Robinson 526 G. M. Scott 595—63 Scattering 6 KLKCTIOS, OCTOBKl! 8, 1 878. Secretary of State. J. A. T. Hull. R 553 MONONA COUNTY. 193 E. AI. Kiirnswuilli, F TjOO— 36 T. K. W.ilU.T, I) 1 Auditor of State. liurcii H. Sherman. U .")53 .Tosepli Eilioeck, V 536 — 23 RfV. (i. V. Swcaringcn, (l. 15. . 10 Treasurer of State. George W. Berais. R 5ot M. L. Deviiip. I" ; .51)2— 37 E. D. Ferris. 1j 1 Register Stale Land Office. J. K. Powers. R 554 M. Farringtdii. 1 592 — 37 T. S. Banlwoll. I) 1 Attorney General. John F. McJunkin. R 554 John Gibbons. F 585—21 C. H.Jdck.^on. 1) 10 fudge, Su/i/tiiu Court. James II. Kolliruck. R . 554 .1. t'. Kuapi), F. 594 — 10 Clerk Siif: tine Court. E. J. Holmes, R 554 X. V. Gaininii!!. I) 1 A. Runyoii. F 595 — 40 Reporter Supreme Court. J. S. Riinnells. R 554 J. B. Elliutl. F 584 — 20 G. W. liutberfoni. U 10 Judge, District Court. C. H. Lewis 563 J. C. Rbo.lalaek 587—24 District Attorney. (to fill vacancy-.) S. M. Marsh, no opposition. . . .560 — :,c,i\ District Attorney. (rail term.) .S. M. Mai.-h 500 — 560 Member c/ Congress. C. C. Car|)enter, R . .556 L. Ci. Hoggatt, I) 589—32 W. 11. Brown 1 Clerk of the Courts. \< . \\. llanscoin 601 — 44 W. E. Codv 557 Loniity Recorder. M. W. Bacon - 598 — 33 George S. Bislie^' 561 Charles Bisbeo i Supei visor. Samuel Harrison 568 8. G. Irish 588 — 18 H.E.Colby 2 ELECTION, OCTOUKl! 14, 1879. Governor. John II. Gear, R 831 133 H. H. Trimble. !1 209 Daniel Campbell, G. H 489 Lieutenant Giiernor. Frank T. Campbell. R 834 — 1 40 J. A. O. Yeoman. 1 ) 205 M. H. Moore, G. 15 489 fudge Sufreme Court. Joseph M. Heck, R 830 — 132 Reuben Noble, ]) 207 M. H. Jones, G. H 491 Superintendcit I'ull:c Instruction. Carl W. von Coelln. R 834 — 139 Erwin Baker,- D 204 J. A. Nash, G. B 491 Representative State Legislature. H. C. Laub, R 74i_i24 ,,i. L. E. Dow, D 142 Q. A. Wooster, G. B 617 County Auditor. John K. McCaskey 940 — 350 H. B.Sooy 154 F. F. Roe 435 W. L. Ring 1 County Treasurer. G. II. Bryant 897—265 P. J. Kimball 143 W. L. King 489 Clerk of the Courts C. H. Akhidgc 882—212 194 MONONA W. E. Cody 639 J. T. Baggs 1 Sheriff. James Walker 963—397 Peter Roily 110 J. T. Burke 456 Superintendent oj Schools. Rev. C. N. Lyman 724 J. G. Iddings 764— 39 Joseph C'artwriglit 1 County Surveyor. J. B. P. Day 863—205 C. II. JlolbruoU 207 C. R. Searle 447 George Alkiiis 3 Burke 1 Coroner. H. Noble 837—151 J. Butts 194 W. F. Davis 491 D. Handel 1 Supervisor. E. Wilber 794— 74 S. A. McMaster 290 John Jeffcoat 430 ELECTION, NOVEMBER 2, 1880. President. Winfield Scott Hancock, D 331 James Abram Garfield, R 943—252 James B. Weaver, G. B 360 Secretary of State. J. A. T. Hull, R 942—245 A. B. Keitli, 1) 324 G. M. Walker, (i. I'. 373 Auditor of State. W. V. Lucas, R 943—20 1 Charles Barker, D 320 Rev. G. Y. Swcaringen, G. B. .362 Treasurer of State. E. H. Conger, \\ 943—260 • Martin Blum, 1) 322 Matliew Farringioii. ti. I! 361 COUNTY. Register State Land Office. James K. Powers. R 943—260 Daniel Dougherty. D 322 Thomas Hooker. G. B 361 Attorney General. Smith McPherson. R 943—259 C. A. Clark. D....' 322 AY. A. Spurrici- 362 Judge Circuit Court. J. R. Zuver 946—572 Pendleton Hubb.ud 368 Scattering 6 Member of Congress. Cyrus C. Carpenter. R 936—250 P. M. Guthrie. D 305 Daniel Campbell 381 On the proposition, "Shall there be a Conven- tion to revise the State Constitution and amend the same;" In favor of Convention 463 Against 509— 46 On the proposition to amend the Constitution as follows: "Strike out t!ie words "FreeAVhite" from the third line of section 4, of article 3, of the State Constitution." In favor of the amendment. . . . 515 — 204 Against 311 Clerk of Courts. C. H. Aldridgp 983—343 George Underhill 296 William Hawlhoni 342 B.acon 2 County Recorder. M. W. Bacon 965—307 G. M. Wel]> 291 Miss A. M. Niirwood 365 C. H. Aldridge 2 Supervisor. George M. Scott 934—271 Benjamin Chamberlain 663 ELECTION, OCTOltEl; 11. 1881. Governor. Buren R. Slierman. R 640—178 Linus G. Kinne. 1) 176 D. M. Clark, G. B 286 MONONA Lieutenant Governor. (). II.;>fanning, H 042—180 .1. M. n'ulker, I) ITS .1. M. llullaiKi. G. H JSI Judge Supreme Court. Austin Adams. R fil2 — 180 I(. 15. Ileiulcrsliott.'D 178 \V. VV. Williaiiisoii, G. H 284 Superintendent, Public Instruction. John W. Akcrs, R 04(;_194 W. II. IJuller. I) ITJ Mrs. A. M. Swaiu. G.;H 272 .Tolin ^\^ Swain 1 State _Senator. T. M. C. Logan, R 427 C. K. Whiting 42;) — pi 2 I'hinoas Cadvvell 212 AbncrjGraves 1 .j A. Oliver 1 Representative, State Legislature. R. T. Shearin, R GI8— 138 Charles Bulioclv. I) 221 F. F. Roe, G. 15 251) Count!/ Auditor. John K. McCaskey. R 70.5 — 338 L. D. Kittle 367 Count)/ Ti-easurer. G . H. Bryant 72(5—385 Ivory Leach 338 Scattering 3 SJo'rijr. James Walker 808 — 550 Frank Leet 255 Scattering 3 Superintendent of Schools. W. H. Dorward. R 449 J. G. Iddings CI I — 158 Scattering 1 f'oroner. I). II. .McKown 689—342 I). Hackus 346 John Douglas 1 COUNTY. 195 County Surveyor. J. P. 15. Day 6C3— 291 C. W. Bislice 369 Scattering 3 Supervisor. F'red McCausIand 728 409 J. H. Penny 317 Scattering 2 SPECIAL ELECTION, JUNE 27. 1882. I'pon amending the State Constitution by adding tlic clause, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, etc., of all intoxicating beverages. F'or the amendment 853 152 Against :399 Blank 2 ELECTION', NOVEMBEIt 7, 1882. Member of Congress. Isaac S. Strubel, R 727 — 137 John P. Allison, D 258 J. R. Sovereign, G. B 331 Addison Oliver i Secretary of State. J. A. T. Hull, R 748—177 T. O. Walker. I) 237 William (Jaston, G. B 334 Auditor of State. John L. Brown, R 721 — 123 William Thompson. D 237 G. A. Wyant, G. B 336 I'Alwin H. Conger 25 Attorney General. Smith McPherson, R 748 — 177 J. H. Bremerman. D 237 J.ames A. Rice, G. B 334 Judge Supreme Court. William II. .Seevers, 11 748 — 177 Charles K. Briinson, D 237 W. A. Jones, G. B 335 ( 'li-rk of Supreme O'urt. Gilbert 15. I'ray. R 748 — 177 II. F. 15., D...' 237 K. (;. Clark 334 196 MONONA COUNTY. Reporter of Supreme Court. E. C. Ebersole, R 747 — 176 L. A. Palmer, D "237 E. A. Clark 10 J. H. Williarasou 32 1 Judge, District Court. C. II. Lewis, R 776 — 776 District Attorney. S. M. .Marsh, no opposition. . . .764 — 764 Clerk of Courts. C. H. Aldridge, U 740—162 W. F. Davis 244 B. F. Roc 333 J. Easton 1 County Recorder — (full term.) L. D. Bearce, R 6,"),J — pi 235 G. A. Douglas, D 23) James Easton, G. B 420 W. F. Davis 1 County Recorder — (to GU vacanc3'.) L. D. Bearce, R 635—336 G. A. Douglas, D 215 James Easton, G. B S-i Supervisor. J. D. Rice G80— 50 G. M. Wells 205 Lewis Iddings 4 22 Scattering 3 Supervisor — (To fill' v.-icancy.) J. D. Rice 66 1—395 G. M. Wells 21! Lewis Iddings 55 County Surveyor— (To fill vacancy.) George Atkins " 722 — 149 C. II. Holbrook 21 S C. W. Bisbee 355 On the question of a Poor farm and Ifvy of tax to pay for the same. For the poor farm 372 Against 652 — 280 EI.ECTIOX, OCTOBEK 9, 1883. Governor. Buren R. .Sherman R 1073 — 390 pi. Linus G. Kinne, D 683 James B. Weaver, G. B 464 Lieutenant Governor. 0. H. Manning, R 1084—393 pi. Justus Clark, D 691 Sanford Kirkpatrick, G. B. . . 447 Judge, Supreme ^Court. Joseph R. Reed, R 1083—389 pi. Walter I. Hayes, D 694 Daniel W. Church, G. B 441 Superintendent Public Instruction. John W. Akers, R 1 082—389 pi. Edgar P. Farr, D 693 Abbie G. Caufield, G. B 445 State Senator. Addison Oliver, R If 00 C. E. Whiting, F 11 96—196 Representative, Legislature. G. H. Bryant, R 1054 Daniel Campbell, F 11 70—1 16 County Auditor. JohnK. McCaskey, R 964 George A. Douglas. F . , 1 258—294 County Treasure}: H. N. Scott, R 1116—100 Q. A. Wooster, F Uil5 G. A. Douglas 1 Sheriff. James Walker, R 1 182—162 S. F. Sears, F 1020 Superintendent of Schools. Rev. C. N. Lyman. R 11 12—33 J. G. Iddings. F 1078 H. N. Scott 1 Supervisor. James L. Bartholeniew 1 095 1. U. Riddle 1121—26 Coroner. J. M. Oliver 1035 D. Rust 1178-143 County Surveyor. J. B. P. Day 1048 C. A\". Bisbee 1079—31 MONONA cor NT Y. 197 ELECTION, NOVEMBER 4, 1884. President. James G. Blaine, li 1331 Grover Cleveland, D 1218 John r. St. John. V 10 Representative in Congress. Isaac S. Still bje, R 1338 TLomas F. Burbee 1203 Secretary of State. Frank D. Jackson, R 1332 James Dooley, D 1211 Audi tar of State. John L. Brown 1331 J. E. Henriques 1221 Treasurer oj State. V. r. Twombly, R 1332 George Derr, 1) 1212 Atterney-General. A. J. Hake:-, H 1332 M. y. Gannon, D 1222 Judge, Supreme Court. James Rothrock, R 1330 K. L. Benton, I) 122." On the amendment No. 1. For the amendment 547 Against " 48 C)ii the amendment No. 2, For the amendment 246 Against " 348 On the amendment No. 3. Fur the amendment 439- Against " l.")4 On the amendment No. 4. For the ameiidment 222 Against " 391- Clerk of the Courts, f. H. Ahlridge 1497 John R. Rhodes 1028 Scattering 2 County Recorder. L. D. Bearce 1483 B. F. Roe 1051 C. H. Aldridj-e 1 —103 — 135 -121 —110 — 120 — 110 — 105 — 1!)9 • 102 -285 -IG'.t —307 I —331 Supervisor. John K. iMcC.askcy 1425—309 W. A.Gray 1115 L. D. Bearce 1 ELECTION. XOVKMBER 3, 1885. Cover nor. William Larabee, R 1 1 78 C. E. Whiting, F 1275—94 James G. Mickelwait 3 Lieutenant Governor. John A. T. Hull, R 1230 E. II. Gillette, F 1237 — 4 W. 11. Steen 3 Judge, Supreme Court. W. F. Brannan, F 1237—2 J. M. Beck, R 1232 Jacob Rogers 3 Representative State Legislature. Daniel Campbell, F 1225 W. F. Wiley, R 124G— 21 Superintendent of Public Instruction. F. W. Moore, F 1236— pi. 1 . John W. Akers, R 1235 W. II. Taft 2 T. F. Thickstine 1 County Auditor. George A. Douglas, D 13;i3 — 317 C. II. Cobleigh, R 1075 B. Cliamberlain 1 Treasurer. George E. Warner, R 1180 — i)1.7.s. B. Chamberlain, D 1 102 John Jcflfcoat, G. B 184 Sheriff. L. I). Kittle 12117—126 E. D. French 1165 Scattering 6 Su fieri ntendent of Common Schools. V. I'. Fislicr 1247— 12 J. i;. Miling^ 1203 Scattering 2 198 MONONA Supervisor. W. D. Crow 1304—145 F. W. Elmore 1158 J. G. Iddinsis 1 County Surveyor. F. E. Colby 1 252— 45 C. W.Bisbee 1207 Coroner. C.M.Smith 1274— 78 L. E.St. John Ht)6 On the proposition, "Shall a tax of ^7,500 be levied on the taxable property of Monona County, to buy a poor farm and erect buildings thereon." For the Tax -^24 Against 1734-1210 On the question of restraining stock from run- ning at large. For Restraint 533 Against " : .1713-1180 ELECTION, NOVEMBER 2, 1886. Secretary of State. Frank D. Jackson, R 1027— !»5 Cato Sells. D 932 Treasuer of State. Voltaire P. Twombly, R 1013— fi2 Daniel Campbell, D 951 Auditor of State. James A. Lyon. R 1031— 99 Paul Guelicb, D 932 Clerk of Supreme Court. Gilbert B. Pray, R 1031— 97 William Theophilus, D 934 Reporter of Suj)reme Court. Ezra C. Ebersole, R .1030—97 Frank P. Bradley, D 933 Attorney General. A.J. Biker, R 1032— C. H. Mackey, D 930 Representative in Congress. Isaac S. Struble, R 1030— 97 E. C. Palmer, D 933 COUNTY. 2G Judges. District Court. C. M. Lewis 1080—175 G. W. Wakefield 1030—1 13 Scott M. Ladd 1021—100 M. B. Davis 905 J. D. F.Smith 917 D. D. McCalkim 921 Ileury Ford 3 Clerk of Courts. W. J. Maughlin 747- pi. 44 George Underbill 703 B. F. Ross 512 County Recorder. L. D. Bearce 1 754- 1 75 1 Scattering 3 County Attorney. II. Chrissman 1082— 224 A. E.Wheeler 858 Supervisor. 1. U. Riddle 982— J. L. Bartholemew 956 ELECTION, NOVEMBER 8, 1887. Governor. William Larabee, R 1106— 36 Thomas J. Anderson, D 719 M. J. Cain, G. B 351 Lieutenant Governor. John A. T. Hull, R 1113— 55 . James l^L Elder, D 707 J. M. Sovereign, G. B 351 Judge, Supreme Court. Gifford S. Robinson, R 1113— Charles S. Fogg, D 710 M. H. Jones, G. B 353 Superintendent Public Instruction. Henry Sabin, U 1124 H. W. Sawyer, D S. L. Tipton, G. B Representative State Legislature. James L. Bartholemew 1083 F.F.Roe 1089- 6 County Auditor. Ned Jenness 965 George A. Douglas 1205— 240 89 .709 .326 MONONA COUNTY. 199 Chunty Treasurer. George E. Warner. R 1099— 37 W. n.. Leathers, D lOG 1 G. A. Douglas ....••• 1 Sheriff. S. Ary 10(16 L. D. Kittle 1157 — 157 Coroner. C. M. Smith 1141— 109 T. \V. .John ...1032 Superintendent of Common Schools. F. P. Fisher 1066 B. F. Ross 1084— 18 County Surveyor. F. E. Colby 1082 C. W. Bisbee 1086— 4 SujJervisor. D. A. Pember 1 137— 101 T. B. Skidmore 103G ELECTION, NOVEMBER 6, 1888. President. Benjamin Harrison, R 1590 — 193 (iruver Cleveland, D 1088 Secretary of Slate. V. I). .laekson, R 1590— 209 Walter JIcHenry. D 1085 .1. n. Van Court, I". L 293 .lames Micklewait, P 3 Auditor of State. .lames A. Lyons, R 1590 — 211 Daniel .1. Ockerson, U 1086 E. M. Farnsworth, L'. L 293 Treasurer of State. V. 1'. Twombly, R 1590— 211 .Vnios Case. I) 1086 .lames Rice, I'. L 293 Judge, ASupreme Court. C. T. Granger, R 1585 — 201 P. A. Smylhe, D 1(191 M. H. .lones. l. 1 293 Attorney General. .lohn Y. Stone. R 1596— 216 •L C. Miteliell, U 1088 .1- IL Williamson, U. L 292 Railroad Commissioners. Spencer Smith 1982 — John Mahin 1441 Frank T. Campbell 1977— Peter A. Day 1514 — C. L. Lund 920 H. E. Wills 926 Monber of Congress. Isaac S. Struble, R 1591 — 200 M. A. Kelso, D 1063 G. W. Lee 304 Wilmot Whitfield 24 County Attorney. C. E. Underbill 1506— 83 H. Clirissman 1423 County Recorder. L. D. Bearce, R 1820—1 134 W. S. Pershing, U. L 686 Clerk, District Court. W. IL Maughlin, R 1507— 46 II. W. Cunningham, D 1121 Jerome Lawrence, U. L 340 Supervisor. W. D. Crow 1 539—103 C. A. Miller 1436 On the proposition '-Shall stock be restrained from running at large." For restraint 990 Against 1 195 — 205 ELECTION, NOVEMISEU 3, 1889. Governor. J. G. IluUhison, R 1605 — 35 llor.ice Boies, D. 1321 S. B. Downing, U. L 238 ^P II Railroad Commissioner. Spencer Smith 1880 7C1 Morgan mg 200 MONONA COUNTY. State Senator. Romans, R 1^13 — 283 L. R. Bolter, D 1430 Representative, Getm-al Assembly. James L. Barlholemew, R. ... 1574 F. F. Roe, D 1575— 1 County Treasurer. Frank Dorward, R 1885—645 H. E. Morrison, D 1240 County Auditor. Ezra Mason, R 1540 George A. Douglas, D 1611 — 74 Sheriff. Dell Howard, R 1485 L. D. Kittle, D 1670—185 County Supervisor. Peter Reily, R 1414 I. U. Riddle, D 1724—310 County Superintendent of Schools. B. F. Ross 1682—218 V. B. Kessling 1464 County Surveyor. C. C. Bisbee 1577— 25 J. B. P. Day 1552 Coroner. L. E. St. John 1448 Wright 1710— 4G2 On the question "Shall the counl3'-seat be removed to East Mapleton." In favor of removal to East Mapleton 1 427 In favor of retaining it at Onawa 1 682 — 255 MIS0ELLANEOUS, CHAPTER VI. ^^ROri'KD together in this chapter will be l( (=1 found many items of interest that do not fit in ^^ any where in particular, but which properly hold a very important place in the annals of the count}-. Among the most prominent, and one that has produced the most excitement and discussion is that known as the disposal of the SW.VMr LANDS. The Congress of the United States, by an act on the 28th of September, 1850, gave to the various States, with some few exceptions, all the swamp or overflowed land lyinj^ within tlieir limits, an5 shall be paid before an ajiiicar- ance is m.aile by this organization; and that the balance, in such sums not exceeding $10 at an}' one time, .as may be deemed necessary b^- said committee. And the said committee shall be authorized to abandon the defense of any suit in which the amount assessed shall not be paid within thirty days after an assessment. " Assessments shall not be made by the execu- tive committee oftener than once in sixty days. " The executive committee are requested to pro- cure assistance from persons not members of this association, but interested in the questions in- vt>lved. •• The executive committee nnay be changed at any meeting of the association, on a vote of a ma- jority of all members who shall have paid, at the time of voting, all assessments nuade against them." I'nder the rules which were adopted, the follow- ing named gentlemen were chosen as the executiye committee: B. D. Holbrook, Chairman; Q. A. Wooster. Henjamin Herring. A. J. Hathaway and Lewis Iddings. The chair also api)oinled the fol- lowing individuals to solicit membership and sub- scriptions in their res|)ective townships: .1. .Smith, Ashton; Victor Ilubois, Fairview; Anderson .lewell, Franklin; M. Miller, (irant; A. .1. Hathaway, Ken- nebec: W. T. Boyd, Lincoln; David Cliapjnan, i Mnple;. and J. H. Morris, .*^lierman. On the adjournment of the meeting the executive commit- tee organized the same day. all being present, appointing l^. A. Wooster secretary, and A. .1. Hathaway treasurer, and enacted a set. of rules for their guidance. Piatt Smith, of Dubuque, anil .lohn S. Monk were retained as attorneys in the case. A bitter light in the courts ensued, and, to use the words of the committee, it was "no boy's play to defeat a wealthy corporation, who, with almost ever}^ apparent advantage, felt confident of success." Piatt Smith, who w-as to carry on the cases to a finish for some ¥1.800, on account of ill health, threw the burden of the work upon .lolin S. Monk, of Onawa, and after a time dropped out of the con- test entirely, but the suits were carried on for near eight j'ears, up to the Supreme Court of the United States, who finally decided in favor of the settlers in January, 1881, and the same committee appointed at the above meeting carried on the management to the end. This is said to have been the first victory ever gained bj- the settlers under similar circumstances, and i-eflccted great credit upon Mr. Monk's energy and ability. .Some eightj- suits were ilefended. From the defendants, their friends and from other sources was gathered the sum of $2,825, and from the plaintiffs as costs t;380.7O making a total of ^3.205.70. Of this monc}' there was paid out $22.05 for postage, printing, etc.; traveling expenses of committee, |i 13.90; legal services. Plait Smith *800, Monk & Selleck $1,000; attorney's expenses. $1,025.46 ; transcripts, etc., $72.25; making a total expenditure of $3,058.86. STORMS AM> TOIiXAIiOF.S. While singularly free from the gyrating, deailly cyclone, the bewildering numbing bKz- zard or destroying lornailo, still Monona County has had some experience with the fiercer ele- ments in their Homeric strife. The first of these was in the winter of 1856-7. The early, part of the season had been warm and pleasant and the ground was still unfrozen on the morning of December 1, and the wind blew n gentle zeph^T from the south. Calm and peaceful as the summer morn was that most beautiful day. but with dark- ness came another scene. The wind veering into the north blew strongly, banking up the heavy 204 MONONA COUNTY. gray clouds in the northern horizon, and tiiese soon on the backs of hurricane steeds swept [^down the valley, a miality invincible army flinging wide over the landscape their white and flashing banners of snow. About half-past eight o'clock the flakes, large and heavy, began to fall, while the tempera- ture grew colder and colder. Harder blew the gale and harder and finer and finer grew the white drift- ing snow that soon wreathed everything in an im- mense winding sheet, until about midnight when the storm had reached its height. Above shrieked and wailed the wind, "as if fiends fought in upper air" while upon the earth with many an eddy and manv a whirl played the soft covering loaned by the Arctic shores, and brought to our doors by Boreas, the rude. For eight and forty hours the storm raged and when it had ceased the few settlers, nestling down in their cabins beheld stret<;hlng around them a vast sea of bright, sheeny snow three or four feet deep, while here and there, over some little obstruction, were scattered huge and impassable drifts, that towered up above the sur- rounding desolation. The darkness of the storm, when one could not see six feel, from him through the thick of tiie snow, had cleared off, and the sun shown with resplendent magnificence on the snowy expanse, fairly blinding the onlooker. S.ays Hon. C. E. Whiting, in writing of this elemental strife, in the Gazette of January 5, 1877: '■When the citizens of to-daj- are told that there was not a plastered or papered house in the county; that a dreary waste of snow from four to five feet deep, with impassable drifts, and so crusted over that a team could not move a single foot until the crust was broken with spades and shovels, lay for seventy-five miles between us and Council Blulis, our nearest depot of supplies, they may form some little idea of the hardships endured by the men and women of that time." Nor was this all, from that time on, all that win- ter the snow clouds cast their burden continually upon the earth, until among the pioneers of the en- tire State it Is known as ''the winter of the deep snow." In the spring, in consequence of the pres- ence of so much snow, wliicli melted beneath the fervid beams of the sun and poured its waters into the streams, the Missouri River attained a height never known before or since, running through Badger Lake, the western part of the Whiting settlement, Ashton Grove, west and south of Onawa, and north of William Jewell's and southeast to the Little Sioux country. The Gazette of July 27, 1872, has an account of the great hail and wind storm that swept over a portion of this count}' on the 19lh of that month. The following is from the columns of that sheet: "The severest part of the storm could not have lasted over fifteen or twenty minutes and came mainly from the northwest. As far as we can learn it started near the neighborhood of Ingham & Anderson's mill, some nine miles northwest of Onawa, in Lincoln Towuship, and was confined to a belt of country five or six miles wide extending as far south of the countj' seat as the Jewell settle- ment. It blew down some houses and moved others off the foundation, tore down fences, and worst of all, utterly' ruined hundreds of acres of as fine wheat, oats and corn as ever grew. Many of our farmers lost their entire crop, thus placing some of them in a most embarrassing condition, finan- cially, as well as in point of obtaining something to eat during the coming winter. In many fields there is nothing left but stubble and corn stalks, the wheat heads having been beaten off into the ground and that which before the storm gave such abundant promise of a glorious j'ield of fine large corn, vvas entirely stripped and broken down. The hailstones ranged from the proportion of a com- mon sized buckshot to those of a hen's egg and larger.' The windows of almost every house in Onawa, except those which were protected by blinds, were smashed from nearlj' every direction, the storm being at times more of a whirlwind Mian anything else, and driving the hail in from all points of the com pass. "John S. Monk's house in the south part of town was blown from its foundation. His wife and baby were in it at the time but fortunately were unin- jured. The floral hall on the Fair Ground, north of town, was blown over and mashed and twisted up considerably. The high board fence on the west side of the same was also flattened to the ground. "Of the real damage sustained on account of MONONA COUNTY. 205 the storm, we presume it would be a diflicult matter to make anylliiii'j like acoircfl estimate. Maii^- of the wheat lichls would liave averaged twent^'-five bushels to the acre, while others would have yielded more, and yet others not so much. And so witli corn, lifty bushels, frequently' more, being the common average. Tlic yield of oats also varies. We present below the names of many of the farm- ers who, unfortunately, came within the range of the storm and suffered loss more or less, however we are quite sure that we have not been able to procure all the names of those who suffered from the storm. '■.S. D. Hinsdale, Addison Oliver, G. and F. G. Oliver, James Morrill, C. Town, John Kelsey, II. \\'. Cunningham, U. W. Sam[ison, J. White, D. M. Dimmick, E. D. Dinimick, L. Swetfair, J. K. Morrison, John Donner. W. B. Bailej', William Gantz. Lewis Gantz, P. J. Kimball, J. B. Walworth, H. E. Colby, G. W. Chapman, C. II. Campbell, Dingman rkscrew motion along, one end resting uiion the ground, and was accompanied by rain and the fall of hail. In Sherman Township, where it first struck the county, it passed over the farm of James Cook and then between the farms of J. R. Thurston and Mrs. Reiley, tearing away the kitchen at the latter place, and demolish- ing the stables, fences, etc. At Mr. Thurston's the kitchen was torn from the main building and de- molished, while the rest of the house was moved from the foundation and turned one-third round. William Thurston, then a young man of twenty years, with two of his smaller brothers and two Morris boys, who were stan(iing watching the on- coming storm, ran into the kitchen wiiich in a few seconds was torn from around them and although thrown away from it escaped without injury of moment. It next tore the log house on the Hughes place to pieces, but t-fie family were absent from home. The Davis school-house was lifted from ils foundation and badly racked, and from there the storm swept on, bearing wreck and ruin to ftnce, stable or crib in its path until it reached the house of John White, about two miles southeast of Onawa, where the havoc was complete. Seeing the ap- proach of the storm the family took refuge in a cyclone cellar, and from that haven of safety, saw the mighty whirlwind first tear off the roof of their house and then pick it up and utterly' demolish it. The furniture was all utterly destroyed or carried away, pieces from the wreck being afterwards found miles away. The trees of the grove were twisted and denuded of leaves and the havoc wrought was complete. On swc])t the storm-king I and in his path soon found the little hamlet of I Areola, where considerable damage was done, and thence scattering destruction in its path, crashed through the timber into the Maple Vallej-, pausing only long enough to wreck the Jones and Updike mill. The dwelling of W. R. Harris, four miles from Day's store, was utterl}' destroyed, as were barns, stables, sheds, fences, etc.. on his place. Nothing was left. On reaching Majjleton, by one of those vagaries that seem to possess these storms, it leajjed. so to speak, entirely over the town, doing but Utile ilamage. A small dwelling occupied l)3' a Mr. Harney w.as overturned, and the contents of a large kettle of boilinir water thrown "n his child, from the effects of which it died. A Mr. Klingen- Geld had all the trees in his orchard twisted off close to the grouni). 206 MONONA COUNTY. On the eveniug of Friday June 12, 1885, another storm swept over this count)', doing a large amount of damage. From eyewitnesses and from tlie newspaper reports of the time is gathered the fol- lowing account of its horrors: The day had been intenselj- hot, the thermometer attaining a height of 102° in the shade in the afternoon. About 5 o'clock dark clouds com- menced to form on the western horizon. Darker and darker yet piled ui) the fearful forces of the storm cloud until the entire heavens were com- pletely overcast with their sable covering. About 6:30 a black and somber column of heavy clouds was hurled athwart the cloudy expanse and from this ])roceeded the death and destruction so un- paralleled in the annals of this county. KoUing along like an immense tidal wave, within a few feet of the ground it first struck the ground in Fairview Township, and when it had lifted, left behind it devastation and ruiu. Victor Dubois had a large barn torn to pieces and two wiud-mills destroyed and one mule killed. His son lost a wind-mill also. James Barley had his house and its contents, barns, fences and everything swept away but himself, his family and live stock. AV. J. Iludgel had his cattle sheds destroyed, wind-mill blown down, and barn wrecked. Dr. Samuel Poll3''s two barns were scattered to the four quarters of the section and he sustained other damage. George Gullickson had part of his house wrested away and Nels Solen had his blacksmith shop twisted out of shai)e and his barn unroofed. Other losses would make the storm a destroyer of several thousand dollars in Fairview Township. South of there it was still worse. C. M. Dean's horse barn was the first to suffer from the billowy, funnel-shapeil mass, tiiat with long-hanging rope- like appendages swept over the land, it being blown down upon his three horses. James Larkin's next felt its fur3' liis house being completely wrecked. John Crossley's residence was the next to go. The family were at supper when their attention was called to the coming cyclone, and all started for the cave. A young man living with Mr. Larkin was the first to reach tlie door, to whom that gen- tleman handed the child and turned to help his wife, but at that moment the full ftii'v of the storm struck the house and in an instant it was demol- ished. The woman, thrown among the debris, was seriously hurt. Nichol.as Hite, two miles northeast of the last place was the next to feel its fury and here the destruction was more complete than anj'where in the county. Uis barn, 34x18, with the shed, 14x32 attached wag so badly demolished that onlj' about one-third of the lumber was left on the place; buggj- house. 14x18, nothing left; outhouse, 14x18, only a few boards left to mark the spot. The dwelling house, a handsome two-story building, torn from its foundation, twisted around and wrecked badi)-, while cultivators, plows and other agricultural tools were hurled through the air wounding stock and scattered promiscuously over the farm. Fortunate!)' no one here was injured. Andrew Packwood's house was next demolished, his wife's arm broken and the gentleman himself caught under some of the fallen timbers and badlj' crushed, and an infant child, but ten days old, carried through the air some fifty yards and de- posited in the mud, all right. Bridges and groves all through that part of the county wire de- molished. At ]Maple Landing several of the citizens lost parts of their houses, and some stock was killed. In West Fork the storm lost none of its fur)'. J. L. Davenport's house was torn to pieces, he and his family, consisting of his wife and six children and his hired man, being carried along in the debris. His eldest girl, a young lady of seventeen, and a boy three years old were badly hurt. The loss here will foot up some S800. The Dailey school-house was blown from its foundation and badly demoralized. Ira Brown's house was lifted from its foundation, his outbuildings demolished and things generally about the place shaken up. Theodore Sanderson, Ole Eberson, A. Gunsolly, pj. M. Casady, Frank and W. Konkle and the Slater school- house also came in for damages more or less, and a vacant house near the river utterly de- destroyed. All through the path swept by the destroyer, its trace is plainly discernable, wreck and ruin, trees twisted off and turned over, fences and croi)s laid low or whirled rods away and few, if any structures left standing, and those only in a MONONA COUNTY. 207 (lisin.intli'd cuiulilion. The loss was put at scime ¥15,000 in this coiiiilv, by conservative men. The Siui'lay night succeeding the country w.ns a_>;fiin shaken u|) by another storm, but which did not here develop any cyclonic tendencies, but did much damage to the crops generally throughout the c'Otiuly. Several hrmscs were twisted from their foundations and chimneys demolished, but the county escaped the destruction that was so wrought by tlic storm which occasioned the loss of millions of dollars through Western and North- western Iowa. While but few crimes of any magnitude have been enacted in Monona County in all the years since its first settlement, slill it is to be expected there are some, and one of the most dastardly oc- curred within the limits of this precinct. It was upon the night of .Ian. 2, 1885, about a quarter before midnight, that three men approached the house of Dr. W. W. Ordway, on section 13, and rapping upon the door, attracted that gentle- man's attention. t)n being asked what they wanted one of them replied that he wanted some medicine for a child of John Potts, whom thej' represented to have an attack of the croup. Ever ready to at- tend to calls of tlmt nature, the doctor arose and let one of them in and invited him to take a chair, while he proceeded to put on his pants. Having done so he prepared to light a lamp. He struck a match and lit the wick, but before he could get the globe on a shot was fired throngh the north win- dow, and a load of buckshot hurtled through the air, five of the missiles .striking the doctor in the face. As he half fell he gras|X!d the stove with one hand and held on to it until it w.as blistered. Bv al- most supprhumnn exertions he raised up and stag- gered through the door, and passing through another room, hardly realizing what he was doing, but blindly trying to get his gun. As he passed through the door the man who had come in the house picked up a trunk containing very valuable papers, au'l as he pa.0 for a bushel of corn to feed the animals, and :is there w.as no hay to be bought, to use the expression of the pioneer, "he came Indian on it" for that necessary article. Early the next morning, with the thermometer standing some 40 ' below zero he started the cat- tle for Smithland. but another storm coming up he was compelled to leave them at Fairchild's hay- stack, on the West Fork of the Little Sioux River, and go on to his destination alone. The next morning in company with a man b}- the name of Allison he started back to look for the cattle. Being nearly frozen with the cold and exhausted with fatigue, Allison gave up several times and laid down in the snow vowing that he could go no further. Hawthorne by persu,asion and sometimes by gentle force, urged him on however, knowing it was death for him if he was left there, and after incredible hardships finally about midnight reached the cabin of F. D. Winegar, who with the hearty hospitality of the time took in the perish- ing men. There being but enough beds in the house to supply the family, Allison w.as put into two of the boys' bed, while they and Hawthorne sat up the balance of the night and told stories and ate corn bread until the dawn. Allison who was completely worn out was, also, badly frost bitten about the face. The next morning, finding the cattle they were driven through to iSniithland. Allison followed along in the track broken by the herd. Mr. Hawthorne is still a resident of Mon- ona County, living on section 8, Center Township. THE FIRST RAILROAD IN .MONONA. During the winter of 1858-9 parties in Council Bluffs, Sioux City, and towns between, organized the Council Bluffs & .Sioux City Railroad Company, Monona County was represented by A. Dimmick, Director, and J. C. H.azelett, Kngineer, The scheme was well talked up and plans concocted until on January 22, 1859, a m.ass convention was held at Onawa to consider the subject, and it was resolved lij' a large majority to have an election ordered on 210 MONONA COUNTY. the quesliou of issuing $75,000 in bonds guaran- teed liy ) 40,000 acres of swamp lands, the idea being tliat tlie lands would meet the interest for the time placed, and eventually pay off the bonds. Although the day was stormy and cold people came out and a decided opposition led by Leonard Sears, F. A. Day and C. C. Bisbee, grew into such a cloud that the projectors of this plan to place §75,000 bonds to the credit of an irresponsiljle com- pany deemed it wise to back down and out of the first bonding job of Monona and no election was ordered. HOW WE CAME TO MOXONA IN '55. By J. B. p. Day. On tiio 25th of October, 1855, Preston Day and his brother Joe started to navigate two yoke of oxen and a heavily loaded wagon from St. Charles, III., to Monona, a dist;ince of over 500 miles by the routes then traveled. Neither of the boys had ever j-oked up or drove cattle and it was only a matter of course that the first hard pull found them stuck. A kind carpenter going their way helped drive a mile or two until a hill was reached that proved too much for the team and they were "stuck" for good. A snow storm two days before had wet the ground thoroughly and it was soft and nasty as Illinois mud can be at short notice. The carpenter went ahead a mile and sent a farmer's boy back with a yoke of steers, with which help the outfit soon reached the farmer's yard and it was determ- ined to buy the steers and iiire the boy to drive to Davenport and instruct his employers in the science of handling oxen. The next day they went oflf nicely until about four o'clock the wheels went down to the hubs in a slough and the load had to j come off which job was repeated four times on the ' trip. The boys lived wholly out of doors, having an old cow hitched on behind that furnished a good share of the living. During some 3,000 miles trav- eled in the ensuing year tlie^' never slept in a house but once and liad good reason to repent of that rash act. The trip down the Rock River and to Daven- port was over good roads and the boys had learned how to swing the long whip in artistic st^-le. At the Mississippi River tiie boy Dan started back. He had written instructions how to reach liome by the railroads but it was afterward learned that he footed it back over the old trail and saved his fare; not going to trust himself on the roundabout railroads. On November 4, just as they approached the Cedar River at Moscow, then the terminus of the Rock Island Road, the only railroad in Iowa, they were overtaken by F. A. Day, Frank L. Day and wife, who were traveling witii horses. Iowa City was passed November 7. and on November 14 the wagon was capsized in the timber in East DesMoines and made a diversion for awhile. The river at DesMoines was forded and it did not take many minutes to pass through the little village which has since developed into the beautiful Capi- tal City of Iowa. The gate posts of old Ft. Des- Moines were still standing in what is now the heart of the city. On the I6th thej- camped about five miles west of Adel and woke next morning to find eight inches of snow on the ground. Thej' were camped near a widow's cabin, an old lady, a native of Virginia, who saw Alexandria burned by the British. At first she did not like the looks of these moustached fellows, but as the}' sat around iier big open fireplace and told stories, her heart seemed to warm up and she tendered some of her good things to help out the sup|)er. Before the snow storm was over she vvas earnestly persuading the whole crowd to winter with her and go on in the spring. It was rather a blue outlook when they started out witli over a foot of snow and took up the trail anew. At the ford of the Coon, near Wiscotta, the leaders of the team balked in mid-stream and .Toe ofif with his boots and waded in to straighten tiiem out. This cool bath with rocky bottom was a tough job es- pcciall}- on coming out into the snow, resulting af- terward in an ugly stone bruise. The 21st was a se- vere cold day and tliey made the drive from Bear Grove to Turkey Creek at Morrison's,now the site of the village of Anita. This drive of twentj-'five miles without a house was^the hardest day of the entire trip having to dine on frozen bread and milk and wiien they came into the stage station they found people waiting for them and a good supper read\',it being half-past ten. As the niglit before they had sta3-ed with the ugliest woman met on tlie road, this unex- pected reception was all the more appreciated, and the kindness of the Morrisons will never be forgot- MONONA COUNTY 211 ten. The next day being Tlianksgiviui; they laid l)y>nd uolebralud llieir fiist one on the Missouri Slope, having crossed tlie divide the da^' before. This was a stormy day and our host went out in the afternoon hunting for deer, killing three lieforc night. As there were lots of passengers on the route that day the good people were kept bus}' getting up corn cakes and venison steaks which were duly appreciated. From this point westward the snow grew less and the weather milder until on the 29lh the}' went out of the snow and came in sight of the Missouri \'alley, camping at noon iit the mouth of Mosijuito Valley and reaching Coun- cil Bluffs in the afternoon. The warm weather and dusty roads seemed to welcome them to the Big ^'alley of the West that was to be their home. On December 1 passed where ilissouri Valley now is, and were overtaken that afternoon by Uncle Sammy King and his family on their way out from Indi- ana. On the eve of December 2, camped at Lar- penteurs and the next morning crossed the Sioux and were in Monona at noon, camping that night with John 15. Card, where Ihey met a hearty wel- come. On December 11, F. A. Day, Frank L. and .Toe IJ. P. went to Smithland, where they met Dr. Ordw.ay who had lately been robbed of a large sum of money and some notes and everybody was talking about it. On the 13th Frank L. and Joe B. P. pitched a lent just in the bend above the Kennebec bridge, where they were joined by the rest of the party on the loth and they settled down for the winter in two nine foot tents joined at the ends. A big camp (ire was built that was not allowed to go out for over a month, .as the weather was the cold- est ever known in the West — snow never melted on the sunny side of a tree from December 17 until the middle of January and several mornings the mercury was chilled. Vet in spite of the weather the emigrants kept at work on a cabin until they moved on March 1, and camp life was ended. The old cabin in which the Days lived nine years w.as a familiar place with many olil settlers who have often tripped the light fantastic to the music of the first piano in Northwestern Iowa, brought across from Iowa City in the summer of '50. The cabin was divided in '65, and Kdwin Pritchard took one-half to his homestead at Ticonia where it was burnt, and the (jlher half was moved to J. B. P. Day's farm near Castana, where it was occupied until the fall of '8y, when it was torn down. • ••••« The writer hereof visited O. B. Smith one day in order to save some items of history in which Monona County people will be interested and which are herein noted. O. B. .Smith, founder of Smithland, Woodbury County, Iowa, and known to the old settlers as Buckskin Smith (in consequence of his always wearing buckskin suits in the pioneer d.iys. like his brother pioneers Boone, Crockett and others), was born in Preston. Chenango Co., N. Y., and had lots of brothers and sisters. At sixteen he went to Cincinnati. Ohio, and drifted down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans, then to Texas and back to Natchez, then a noted gambling town and there Smith lost in some game, all he had, then worked up the river and settled in Ogle County, 111., at Kilbuck. He joined the California emigra- tion in 1851, coming to Council Bluffs where he rested and when the city was organized, took out a license as auctioneer. In 1851 52 the place was full of people bound for Salt Lake or California. As this was the last of settlements and steamer communications.many found themselves overloaded with goods and the surplus was generally sold for a song. Many a good English-woman bound for Zion or Utah, saw her nice feather beds sold at auc- tion for one dollar and other things at similar prices. Smith m.ade the first entry in the Bluffs' Land Oflice on .\pril 22, 1853. He had to buy out eleven Mormon cabins that were on the tract which was after occupied by L. W. Babbitt. In the fall of 1852 in company with Kd. M. Smith and John Hurley he came up into Monona, crossing the .Sioux at Larpenteurs' Ford and camping that night ' on the Missouri below Cooks. As they drove up to the timbers a big flock of turkeys surrounded them and Smith shot fourteen without getting oflf the wagon. They went thence by Oliver Lake's to a bridge on West Fork, built by Curtis Lamb ami William White, who lived up the Sioux and traded with the Indians. They found Wni. White at .Smithland (Jrove where he lived several years and had a ferry on the Sioux until a bridge was built 212 MONONA COUNTY. wlien he moved to Silver Lake near Whiting, where ho was (Irownerl jears ago. Lamb lived above SmiUiland and went to Newport, Neb. On this trip Smith purchased of Josiah Sumner his claim in the Sraithland Grove for $100 in gold and in February. 18;')3, he moved Eli Lee up to his claim. In June he came up with some goods as far as Larpenteur's and found the bottoms under water, so hired Wm. Townsley, who was tenting near by, to go and help haul his load through the hills, and paid him fifty cents per day and all the wliiskey he could drink, and had whiskej' been the present prices it would have been a dear bargain. He crossed over to the Soldier and went up between Jordan and Beaver Creekb, crossing the Maple near Norcross Bridge heading the Wiley Creek. While building a bridge over the Maple the cattle ran off and Townsley had to go back to the Beaver being gone all day. Smith left his cattle at Smith- land and returned to the Bluffs and in July with five teams moved his family, Seth Smith helping him this trip. As they came up the Soldier Valley they founarents and now carrj' on the old homestead. Henry W. Cunningham, now of Onawa. moved on his farm on section 14, in 1868, where he made his home for many j'ears. Thomas Cod}', one of the leading farmers of Franklin Township, living on section 21, made a settlement there in 1868. William Kraft, now residing on his farm on sec- tion 14. came to the count}' the same j'ear, al- Ihougli 111- did not take up farn)ing until 1876. John C. .Moorhead located upon his farm with his brother. Hardy, in the fall of 1869. coming from Onawa, where they had been engaged in Imis- 218 MONONA COUNTY. iness since the spring of the ijrevious year. They still reside on section 29, where thej' first settled. Robert Sclioles the same year made a settlement upon section 28, where he still makes bis borne. John Kelsey, also, settled on the farm on section 35, where he now lives, in the spiing of 1869. John Gray came to Monona County, from the environs of London, Canada, May 13, 1871, and located on a farm on sections 12 and 13, in what is known as the "Blue Lake Circle," in this townsbii', and is still a resident. R. W. Cooper settled on his farm in this town- ship in 1871. He came hwe first in 1867 and re- mained about eight months. Christian Gantz settled in Franklin Township in tlie summer of 1872, working for three years there- after in the sawmill. In 1882 he located wliere he now lives on section 13, town 83, range 46. Ernest Gantz located here the same year, lie, too, went to work in a sawmill and followed that business for a livelihood for two years and then devoted himself to farming. He is still a resident of the township. Ahnon L. Adams, one of the settlers of tliis3'car, is still a resident of the town, living on section 28. Harvey M. Chapman, living on section 35, set- tled ill this township the same j"ear. The same year Charles Otto, now residing on sec- tion 15, came to this township, where be has since made his home. EIrnest Strautz also settled here the same time. Robert G. Fairchild, one of the earliest settlers in the county, located on bis farm on section 17 in the spring of 1873. He ha I been in the county since 1856, settling first at Ashton, in the history of which will be found an account of his business transactions at the old county-seat. W. F. Rice now living on section 12, first settled on section 14, this township, on the 4th of Decern- i ber, 1875. William Hatt. now living on section 14, settled here in April, 1877. His father, Frederick Hatt, came to the township in the fall following, and here still makes his home. Christian WilktMis settled in tills township in the spring of 1878, coming here from the state of New York, and still makes this his home. Edward Monk, an enterprising farmer, living on section 32, came here the same j-ear, and for several 3-ears earned his living by working for others. rerr\' Allen settled on section 21. in 1879 and has since then made it bis home. He came to the county in March, 1870, and settled in Kennebec; from there went to Onawa, where he worked at the carpenter's trade. In 1874 he returned to Illi- nois, but came back to the count}- as above stated. Francis Dungan came to the township the same year and found a home on section 29, the old Cook farm, where he b.is lived ever since. With the latter came Francis M. Barnett, bis step-son, who has made this tovvn his home from that date. He is now a resident of section 20. The same year saw the siittleniciit of William Miller, now living on section 14. Lawrence Jacobsou. a native of Norway, settled in this part of the county in September, 1881, and is still a resident. In April, 1885, Horace A. Ilanscom, the first white child born in Onawa, came to this township from that village and settled on a farm on section 35, where he now lives. Wentworth Barnum, was one of the settlers of the year 1 886. FIRST ITEMS. The first birth in what is now Franklin township was that of David C. the son of Aaron W. and Nancj' Cook, who was born November 1, 1853, and was the second event of that character in the county. The first death was that of a man b}- the name of Carr, who was burned to death earl}' in the spring of 1856. The first marriage was that of Robert Jamison and Emily Foick, which took place in the office of the count}- judge, November 13, 1855. The first school district in the township, outside of Onawa, known as District No. 1, w-as organized in JIarch, 1862, the first meeting being held in the residence of U. U. Comfort. At that time, owing to the paucity of settlers in the townships outside of the county seat, school facilities were but poor and the prospect of bettering them but faint. Many of the people living here determined to re- MONOOA COINTY. 219 tiiiii Kast llint llic'ir cliilili-cii niiirlit li;ivc tlio ail- vaiita^'i's of I'll iioat ion, but Messrs. C'ninfort, William .lewell, and others interviewed llie iniiali- ilaiils of ( )nawa, nnd that community donated to the newly formed district the school house tlien standiiijf at Ashton. which Ihey lia western part of the county, embraces all of Congressional Township 84, range 45, and the eastern tier of sections in town 84, range 46, comprising some 26,880 acres. The surface, it lying entirely in the bottoms of the Missouri and Little Sioux Rivers, is perfectl}- level, and throughout its whole extent is covered to a great depth with tlie rich, warm, dark, sandy loam, filled with finely comminuted organic nialter that is so conducive to fertility and productiveness. For ihe raising of corn and for pasturing it has no superior in the world. The little Sioux River and its principal aftUient, Wolf Creek, in the eastern part of the township, afford ample drainage, and a fine supply of pure running water for all stock purposes. The Sioux City tfe Pacific Railroad crosses the township in a northwesterh' direction, and one of the i)riiicipal stations upon that road. Whiting, is located on section 1, town 84, range 46, in this civil sub-division of the county. Tlie population in 1885 w.as set down at 606, of whom 531 were of native birth, a number which has largely increased since then. The honor of being the first settler within the limits of wliat is now Ashton Township belongs to Isaac Ashtdii. Dec. 31, 1851, he came to this lo- cality with a Frenchm.an, Charles Kulo ,carrying a lo:id of provisions to Sergeant's Bluff, and on his arrivil ut the strove on section 32. that now bears his name, he thought it the loveliest spot he had ever seen, although it was in the depth of winter, and determined that here he would make a claim. His companion went on, but the next d.ay, Jan. 1, 1852, Mr. Ashton cut four logs and with them laid the foundation for a cabin. He then went b.ick to Harrison County, where he had been living, but in the latter part of the same month returned here with his brother-in-law, Levando White, and with his assistance erected a comfortable log cabin, which was finished the same month. Here he brought his family about the middle of February, his brother-in-law returning to Harrison County-. This house stood on the northeast quarter of section 32. Mr. Ashton broke up some ten acres of land, which he planted with corn the following spring, fenced the place in with rails and set out the first orchard in the county. Lorenzo D. Driggs settled four miles north of Onawa, near Silver Lake, in 1854, and there made a home until 1861, during which year he removed to Harrison County. In 1869 he returned to Monona Count}-, locating at the county seat, where for a year he lived. He then removed to Spring Valley Town- ship, and later to Sioux, and while a resident of the latter paid the debt of nature, Jan. 27, 1880. His son, Lorenzo, who accompanied his father on his first settlement in the county, and in Sioux Township, is still a resident of the latter. When Mr. Driggs first came here he built a sod or dirt house that has become historical, being the first MONONA COUNTY. 221 home of his family, those of C. E. Whiting, Ed- ward Clariv, Alfred Ilanscom and others, iu this county'. The building was made of some kind of cheap lumber, and covered with scxl from the sur- rounding prairie. James Roberts, an Englishman, settled at the county seat about the same time and made his home, following carpentering for some ihree or four years, when be went West. He is now a pros- perous farmer of Harrison Count}-. William Hiirton came to Monona County in 1855, arriving here on the 5th of October. He located at the then county seat, Ashton, entering at the same lime some -180 acres of_ land. In 1858 he removed to thenewseatof justice of thecount}-, Onawa. where he now makes his home. .lames Armstrong and .lames H. Sharon came to Jlonona County iu the fall of 1855 and [JUt up a sawmill south of Ashton Grove, one of the tirst in the county. He is now engaged in business in Onawa. Tobias Eegenbush. row living in Lake Town- ship, came to this county in November, 1855, on a prospecting tour and remained about three weeks, returninij to Tama County, this State. In April, 1856, he biought his family here, and settled in liie diit house on the shore of Silver Lake. In the fall of 18.07 he removed to Lake Township. Charles Cleghorn and his two sons, John and Johnston, appeared in Ashton Township in Octo- ber, 1856, and took up land on section 3(1. There the father died in 1871, his wife following him some three years after. .John is now a resident of Ouawa. Johnston Clcghoni died at Whiting iu 1885. Jolui H.'igur came to Monona County in .May, 1861, and sellleil on a part of secliun 2.'i. where he still makes his home. The same ye.ar John T. Smith and James Will- iams came here. The former settled on section 12, where he still lives. The latter, soon growing dis- oouniged, left the county, going back to DulKupie. Patrick G. iJundon came to the county in 1861, locating in Fairview Township, and two years later settled on section 6, this township, where he still lives. James McWilliams, now a resident of this town- ship, settled in the town of Franklin iu 1857, whence he came here in 1867, and settled on sec- tion 19, where he now lives. E. U. McNeill located on section 20, this town- shij), where he now lives, on coming to the county in August, 1868. Fred. McCausland. who had been living in On- awa for some two years, came to this township in the spring of 186!), locating on a farm on sections 13 and 21. There he remained until 187'.t. In 1882 he removed to Whiting, where he now lives. William Riggs came to this township in Novem- ber, 1869, and made his home here on rented land until 1881, when he removed to Lincoln. John R. Murphy, a veteran of our Civil War, and a settler in the county of 1857, came to this township in January, 1870, and located on section 29, where he still lives. Alexander F. (Jr.ay male his first appearance in the county in 1871. and located on section 28, where he now lives, in 1874. Charles E. Ross made his api)earance here about the same time, and lived on a rented farm for aI)oul a year, after which he removed to the town of Lincoln. The settlement of James McNeill in this town- ship was made in 1872, and since that time he has made his home here. George R. Chapman located here the same year, and made this his home until 1887, when he sold out and returned to New York City, where he is now living. John Templcton, who settled on the farm on section 21, where he now lives, in Ma}', 1883, came to Monona County in the year 1871, and for sev- eral years was eng.igcil in school te.iehing. W. C. Carmichael settled in this township in 1875, on section 32, and moved to bis present resi- dence on section 22 in 1885. The settlement of William A . I'arks in this county was made in the fall of 1877. In .March, 1878, ,]o\\n R. Drummond came to this county, and after woiking on rented land for about five years settled where his present home is located on section 21. James Martin located on the foim on section 22, 222, MONONA COUNTY. where lie now lives, in 1879, and has since tliat lime made his home there. W. J. Rains settled in this town In March, 1887. FIliST ITEMS. The first child born in the townsliip, and in fact the county, was Molinda, the daughter of Isaac Ashton, whose birth took place June 11, 1852. The first marriage was that of Gabriel Lang and Isabel Van Dorn, which took place Nov. 6, 18,5.'). Judge Craig performing the ceremonj-. The first mass or celebration of tlie religious ser- vices of the Roman Catholic Church was held at the residence of Patrick Dundon, on section 6, in. August, 1883, the Rev. Father Barron, of .Salix, being the celebrant. Tiie first school was that taught in the village of Asliton in the summer of 1856, by Miss Marj' Neele}'. The first term of the District Court held in the county commenced its session on the 17th of No- vember, 1856, at Ashton, with Hon. Samuel H. Riddle on the bench. A grand jury was empan- nclled consisting of the following named gentle- men: Franklin Mosher, Rowland Cobb, Albert Clemmens. R, G. Fairchil;!, William A. Rigg, George Erb, William Bayliss, F. C. Case, Franklin A. Day. .lames H. Sharon, James Armstrong, Rob- ert Manett, John Southers, Robert Jamison and L. D.. Driggs. The record of the court does not show anj' indictments returned bj- this jury nor any im- portant action taken by it. R. G. Fairchild was the foreman. VILLAGE OF ASHTON. In the summer of 1351, the commissioners ap- pointed for the purpose, located the seat of justice in and for the county, at a point on sections 28 and 29, in this township, to which was given the name of Rloomficld. Shortly after, another placp in the State bearing that name, it was changed to that of Ashton. Although the county seat was established here that season, still no efforts looking to the sur- vey of a town were made until the following spring. James D. Test, Enos Lowe, Joseph D. Bajiiss, Addison Cochrane, Joseph H. Wagoner and Tru- man H. Hinman, of Pottawattamie Count}', and Lsaac Ashton, of this, the owners of the land in question, on sections 28, 29, 32 and 33, in township 84, range 45, was laid out and dedicated bj- deed, May 18, 1855, the plat of which was filed for record, with its several additions. July 10, 1856. The proprietor of that portion of the town site, Mr. Ashton. for they seemed to have divided it at once, donated to Monona Count}', for Court House and other purposes, all of blocks 23 to 28 inclusive, and [lortions of blocks 3, 4, 5, 19, 20 and 21. Por- tions of these blocks were sold by the County Court, but when the seat of Government was trans- ferred to Onawa, b}' the unanimous vote of the people of the county, all the unsold lots were deeded back to Isaac Ashton, who turned the town site into a farm. The new county ollicers came to the infant village the summer of 1855, and took up their resi- dence. Andrew Jackson, Cleikof the Court; .lohn Craig. County Judge; Hugh Lytle, Treasurer and Recorder; and Samuel Scott, Surveyor, were the principal ones. William Burton, now of Onawa, located htre abnut the same time as did the others, putting up a dwelling, and the place began to seem as if it would grow to be a town of some importance. But alas for the dreams of its founders; the citj' that they, in future saw, with busy crowds, and large and palatial stores and manufacturing estab- lishments, has come to naught. The streets that were to be lined with stately structures, are cov- ered with nodding corn and golden grain, and in- stead of the hum of busy industry, re-echoes to the low of homing cattle, or the whistle of the cheery plow boj'. But one store graced the place during its brief existence. In April, 1856, Robert G. Fairchild came here and commenced the erection of a building in which, on the Gth of June follow- ing, he opened a small stock of general merchan- dise, suited to the wants of the pioneers. He con- tinued to represent the mercantile circles of the village, until the sjjring of 1858, when he removed, building, stock and all. to Onawa. John Sauhers about the same time started a blacksmith shop and carried on that business until 1858, when he, too, removed to Onawa, whose rising glories, as the new county seat, overshadowed its late rival. James Armstrong, James H. Sharon, and a man MONONA COUNIV, 223 liy the name of Olmsted put up a stejini snw-inill wliifli wa>i operaleil for alioul two years and then rpinovetl lo Franklin 'I'ownslnp on the river. Timothy Elliott ioeated liere on first eoming to the county in IS.jG. He had been lo this [ilaee the previous year, and brougiit iiis family with him on his second trip and still resides in the county. J. S. Meriili. now liviiii,' near \Vliitiiiir. settled here in 1865, also. Among the others that settled here previous to the removal of the county seat, the most |>roniinent were: T. H. Ilinman. .1. 1). Bayliss, .1. II. Wagner, Leonard .'^ears. John Hustard. John Craig, William Craig. John A. Hiltle, I'hilip Ashton, Thomas Drigg?, Lorenzo D. Driggs. Henry Allen, Nicholas Murray. .Viidrew G. Jackson, Israel May. James A. Scott. II. J. Ilawley, Thomas .Smith, L. K. Fletcher. W. L. Philips, W. S. Burke, Charles and George Atkins, (U'orge \V. Oliver, C. H. Ilolbrook. Frank- lin Oliver, H. D. Ilolbrook, C. K. Whiting, J. K. Morrison, and many others, who, for a shorter or longer time, made Iheir home in the little hamlet, but eventually moved away, the buildings either being torn down or removed to Oiiawa. A good school house was built here the summer of Iti.jG, the (irst session of school in which was taught by Miss Mary Neeley. This building, at a later date, was purchased by some of the citizens ofOnawa, and presented to the peo[)le of School District No. 1, Franklin, who removed it to their neighborhood, and used it fr)r school purposes for several years. A hotel was put up by Isaac Ashton in the newly started village in I8:».'} ami run by him. He carried on the house until about 1862, when the building was cut into two pieces, and brought toOnawa. and still serves as dwelling housei. In this hotel, the Ashton House, w.asheld the first religious services in I he town or township, in the fall of 1856, by a Kev. Mr. Black, an itinerant Methodist clergyman. A court house was started also, which was never completed, being neither plastered within or sheeted without, which, when the county seat was removed to Onawa, was given to Mr. Ashton, who used it for a dwelling house. John A. Ilitlle put up a building and ran a gro- cery and saloon which he carried on for some time. The first election in the western part of the county was held in the spring of 1853, at the tavern kept by Isaac Ashton, in wh.at was the village of Ashton, at which there were present the following named: Isa,ac Ashton, Aaron Cook, John Brook- field Gard, Marion Owens and Mr. Bowles. I.s.aac Ashton was chairman of the meeting, and Aaron W. Cook, Clerk. \ty -^ ■^Y^ '?i-^ ■#- LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. CHAPTEE IX. ^HIS forms one of Monona County's western tier of townships, and is bounded on the north by the towns of Fairview and Lake; on the east by Asbton and Franklin ; on the south by Sher- man and the Stat of Nebraska, tlie latter also bound- ing' it on the w t, from whicli it is separated by the Missouri Rivoi. It embraces the fractional town- ships of 83 and 84, range 46, and the small fractional part of town 84, range 47. The surface is level and beautiful, and along the river and covering a great part of its western territory, where not cleared hj- the hand of man, is clothed in heavy timber. In early days this part of the county was the paradise of sawmills and lumbermen, but although much has been cut off, still much remains. Part of Blue Lake is in tiiis town, and with other smaller bodies of water, the great Missouri along its side, the fields of bending corn, or deeply green with indig- enous grasses, and the deep and shady forest make up a beauty of landscape, often sought but seldom found, and seem to be "but just touches of har- monj-." Lincoln has no railrcj.ad passing through it, but its close pr<)xin)it3- to Onawa and Whiting affords to all a ready market and excellent trading places. In 1867 it had a population of but 170, and in 1885 this had increased to 1,064, being the largest populated of any of the towns outside of the vil- lage of Onawa. The first to settle within the limits of what is Lincoln Township and open up a farm therein was a Mr. ILayes, who located at the he.ad of Blue Lake about 1860, and resided there until 1867. In the spring of 18G5, Benjamin Herring, a vet- eran of the late war, came to Monona County and settled on section 20, this township. Here he lived until the spring of 1889, when he left the county on a long visit. The same spring William Cook located on sec- tion 28, 84, 46, where he now lives. Thomas Jep- son settled here about the same time. In May of this year Elijah AV. Brooks made a settlement on section 20, 84, 46, where he resided until 1876, at which time he removed to Maple Landing and purchased the store of George Case, who had opened the first store in the place. This he ran about a year and then returned to his farm where he now lives. In the fall of 1866 Conrad Kramer and his son Henry came from their home in Germany and set- tled on section 10, 8.3, 46, where they still make their home. Lorenzo Grow came to Monona Count}- in Jul}', 1865, and after remaining in Onawa until the fall removed to a farm he had purchased on section 16, town 84, range 46. In 186'J he removed to Frank- lin Township, and in 1871 to Onawa. He made his home there for a time, and for a few j-ears again in Lincoln, but is now in San Bernardino Count}-, Cal. His son. Wallace, now resides on the old homestead on section 16. Robert Moore, in 1865, came to this town from MONONA COUNTY. 22;') Spriiiglield, III., briiigiiif;: with liiiu tliu macliiiitiry for a sawmill. Iciviny a contrai^t willi the rnion Pacific Railroad to saw ties for them from the eottonwooil timber that aliounds here, tliecomiiany furnishing the raw material. Around the mill, which gave emplo^'ment to a number of bands, gren" up quite a settlement, wliicli was known as Tieville. Most of the inhabitants were homestead- ers from Nebraska, who eke^ several other families who resided at Tie- ville in its earlier days the best remembered were the Kanes, Kings, Weidners, Waldrons and the Hart brothers. Jacob R. Folwell, now of West Fork Township, came here in June 1868, and made this his home until the spring of 1870. George II. Brooks, who had been here in the fall of 1865 and purchased a farm on section 9, came •226 MONONA COUNTY. here and permanently located November 14, 1868. He now lives on section 7. Jaspar B. AYalworth, who resides on section 16, settled on that spot March 29, 1868. Alfred P. Thorp, still a resident of the town, set- tled where he now lives on section 5, 84, 46, in AugKst, 1869. Klverton Bigelow was, also, a settler of the same year, locating in September, on section 9, 84, 46, where his home still is. Thomas Orr, now living on section 16,83,46, made his settlement in tlie town in the fall of 1869. Thomas H. Fcabody came to Monona Count}' in the fall of 1870, riding horseback from Oshkosh, Wis., his family following bj' rail, and in the fall of the following year settled clown on his farm on section 16, 84, 46, which has been his home ever since. He was one of the earliest postmasters in the township. George A. Harkness, one of the farming com- munity of the township at the present, dates his set- tlement from the same 3'ear, 1870. James R. and George F. Anderson came to the county and settled in this township in the spring of 1870, and are here 3'et. George R. Boulden located in this township on coming to the count}' in -June, 1871, and this has been his home since. John Jenneweiii, another settler of the same year, bought his I'and and settled with his family the following spring on sec- tion 1 7, where he m.iy be found at the present writ- ing. James M. McClain, now a prosperous farmer of Lake Township, came here in the spring of 1872, and until 1876 made this his home. Ferdinand C. Ross settled on section 4, this township in 1872, where he still makes his home. Thomas M. Crawford, moved to this county from Clinton Count}', this State, in the fall of 1872, and settled on sections 4. 84 and 46, where he now lives. Among the settlers of the year 1873, in tiiis township was James P. Utterback, Sr., now of the town of Lake, who made his home here for some two years. Thomas "W. (u-iflin, located upon a farm on sec- tion 17, in October, 1873, and there remained until 1878, when he removed to Nebraska. One year later he returned here but is now ^a resident of Whiting and runs a livery barn. Jacob Keller came to this county in October, 1874, and after working in the sawmill all winter moved to the farm he had bought on section 10, 84, and 46, where he still lives. Milton Jividen came to the county in 1S68, but worked at various businesses, chiefly railroad sec- tion work until about 1874, when he moved to this town, his present home. Samuel Harrison settled on the farm on section 4, on which lie now lives, Jan. 28, 1875, at that time entirely unimproved, but he has brought it under a high state of culture. E. N. Delashmutt settled on section 22, where he now lives in November, 1875. He had been here, off and on, from 1870, living here part of the time and part of it in Mills County. William H. Bigelow made his settlement on sec- tion 17, in the spring of 1876, and h.as lived there ever since. Charles Smith purchased a farm on section 10, on which was an unfinished house, in December, 1876, and moved into it, completing it afterwards. Seven 3'ears he resided on this spot, moving to Whiting at the end of that time. Patrick H. Rodgers came here from Indiana and settled on section 5, 84 and 46, in the autumn of 1877, and has lived here since that date. Joi;n G. Taylor, proprietor of the livery stable at Onawa was a settler here of 1879, locating on section 28. Here he remained until the fall of 1884. John P. Nelson, also settled in the town the same year, where he now lives. Albert Cummings, now living on section 5, 84, 46, settled there in 1880, after being a resident of the county since the spring of 1872. William Riggs, who had been a resident of the county since the fall of 1869, removed to this town in March, 1881, settling on section 5, 83, 46, where he now lives. Frank Stephenson, now living on section 11, 84, 46, settled on his farm in the fall of 1881. In December, 1881, Edward Collison, who had MONONA COUNTY. 227 been living in Fairviow, removed to this town, wlioie lie iu)w lives. Stepiicn Seward settled on section 12, in Febru- .irv, 1882, he havinji; been here and piirciiased the farm the year before. In 188'J he removed to Whiting, where he now lives. Tiie same j'ear Rullin Anstin crmc to this town- shi|), whore ho has since resided. Saniuol I. Kos- terson, another citizen of the town jn.adc a settle- ment the same j-ear. on section 9. 81, 4(). Charles E. Uoss first came to Lincoln Township in 1883. He is now living on section S), 84, 46. .James W. English located on the pl.ace where he now lives, on section 28. in January, 1885. The spring of 1886 W. H. Davidson came to this town, aii^l has made it his home ever since. KII!sr ITKMS. The lirsi inarrlsigo in tho township is believed to have been that of D. T. Cutler and Miss Jlyra T. Dudley, which took place January 1. 1867. The first death w.as most proliably that of J. I). Uold)ins. which occurreil in ISCi'J. 1 ho first birth was that of Rhoda Fagenbush, who w.Hs born in 1856, in the cabin on t!ie shore of Silver Lake. The first mill in this part of the county w:is that erected bj' Rulierl Moore, in 1865, at Tieville. The first schoi^l in the town was taught at Tie- ville, in 1866, a simple slab house being erected by the voluntary subscription of the people there. The first term of three montlis it was taught by Miss M attic Fiscus, and the second by Jliss Jane Hirrick. The first school house in town 81, range 46, was erected in ihe spring of 18'=7, on the southwest corner of section 16. and the first scliot)l was taught Ihorcin in the summer of that year by Miss Ella Jepson. This building was used for school and church purjiosos until the spring of 1871, when it was destroyed by fire. The first district school in township 83, range 46, was taught during the winter of 1872-3 by .Mis-s Carrie Hobliins, the building having been erected during the summer of 1872, on section 15. The first church erected in the county, outiido of the villayos. vv:is put upon the northwo,sl oornor of section 21, town 81, 16, in the summer of 187G, by the .Aktho. I>r. .S.amuel Polly, a practicing physician, located in Fairview on the 4th of June, 1872, on a farm on section 2.'). and carried it on in connection with his practice. He is still living here, having moved to section 26, in 1881. William J. Hudget. a prominent citizen, settled here in the spring of the same year. Curtis C. Polly came to this county Sept. 9. 1872, and settled on section 20. Me remained a citizen of the town until July, 1882, when he moved into the village of Whiting. Halvor H. Strand, a descendant of the warrior vikings of Norway, came to this county in the fall of 1873, and settled on section 10 in this town. He remained a citizen here until the spring of 1889. when he leased his laud and returned to La Crosse County, Wis. Sven Nelson located here in 1874. coming from Sioux Cit}', and remains a resident upon his farm on sections 15 and 16. (ieorge J. Myers settled in the county in March, 187-1, and is now living on section 29, this town- ship. L. E. Christie, now of Whiting, came here in July, 1876, and settled on section 36. Three years later he removed to Omaha, Neb. John Peterson, led by Cupid, came to this county in 1878, and a short time after was married and .settled down to farm life. He is now living on section 16. Anton SoUen dates his settlement in the county from the 23d of July, 1878, he having arrived in this town upon that date, and is one of the pros- perous farmers of to-day. Erlward Collison now a resident of Lincoln Township came hero in 1879, and remained about two years. FIRST ITEMS. The first birth in the township, among the Nor- wegian settlers, W!is that of Lawrence, the son of N. B. Olson, born in 1868. The first marriage was that of Miss Emily Dubois ancl Hans Solherg, whieh took pl.ace in Februarj-, i8(;9. The first school was taught in a small log cabin in the Davis district, in the winter of 1S6.J-6. The lir>t school near Gullicksun's was taught in 1868. The first frame bouses were put up by Knud 234 MONONA COUNTY. Gullickson and N. B. Olson, in the summer of 1868, the first named commencing a few days the earlier. The first barns were put up bj- Mr. Gul- lickson and Victor Dubois, Sr. ORGANIC. This township was ordered to separate from that of Lake and to be organized as a civil township by the board of supervisors of the county at their meeting held on tlie 1st of January, 18(58, and the residence of J. IT. Davis designated as the place of holding the election. ALBATON. The post village of Albaton, is a little hamlet of about twenty-five inhabitants. It has two stores, kept respectively by Jonathan Polly and P. M. Dubois. The other business men of the place are: Victor Dubois, live stock dealer and Postmaster; .Samuel Polly, physician; Nels Sollen, blacksmith; Nels Brenden, carpenter; W. M. .Stanley and C. A. Weinder, Justices of the Peace; and A. II. Strand, Notary Public. Johnathan Polly, engaged in the general mer- chandise trade in the little hamlet, first came to the county in tlie fall of 1871, but did not make any extended stay, going on West. In December, 1873, he returned here and engaged in farming. In October, 1881, he embarked in his present business in a small building near the one he now occupies, and was the pioneer merchant of the place. P. M. Dubois, dealer in general merchandise at Albaton, this township, made his first settlement in the county in West Fork Town in 1864, where he was engaged in farming. He came^tothis sub- division of the county' in June, 1877, and carried on agricultural pursuits until February 11, 1889 when he embarked in his present business. He is a veteran of the late war. The Lutheran Church at Albaton was organized in the fall of 1868, with the following among its members: John P. Olson, Knud Gullickson, E. H. Bakke, Isaac Bakke, C. Christiansen, C. L. Olson, O. Anderson, J. Amundson, Amund Amundson, and others. For years they held services in the school house, but in the summer of 1885, the con- gregation erected the neat and handsome church edifice which they own, located on section 11, in the little hamlet of Albaton. The Fairview Lutheran Congregation was or- ganized in 1875 with the following among its members: H. Strand, N. B. Olson, L. L. Strand, P. Olson, F. Sadig. Nels Brown, and others. The society was organized under the auspices of Rev. L. Lund, of Cottonwood Count3', Minn. This congregation hold services in the school house. WEST FORK TOWNSHIP, CHAPTER XII. IIK town of West Fork comiu-iscs all of Con- |,;/>j^Y gres.sional T(>wnslii|) 8.j, ransjc 45, and sec- tions 1, 2, 3. 1 1. 12, 13, 24, 25, 36. and the cast half of 10 and 11 of township 85, range 46. It is bounded on the north by Woodhiuy Counlj', on the east b3' the township of Grant, on the south by Ashton. and on the west by Lake. .Some of the finest land in the county is comprised within its limits. The surface is comparatively level, all of it lying on the well known Missouri River bottom, and the soil is a dee)), rich, warm alluvial loam, so boundless in its fertility. The township is watered by the West Fork of the Little .Sioux River that traverses its entire length from north to south, and in the southeast portion by Wolf Creek. Much of the territory is still unsettled, owing to the large farms and tracts of grass lands held by parties, the Whiting family owning over 6.000 acres, and the American Kraigrant Company a large amount. The population, as given by the census of 1H85, was 200, of whom only nineteen were of foreign birth. The first settler within the limits of what now constitutes the town of West Fork was Charles R. Whiting, who came here in Aujinst, 1855, and for himself ami brothers, and others in the family, en- tered some 13,000 acre.s of land. From that ilate .ludge Whiting ha.s been fullj- and closely identified with the growth, development and politicnl life of the county and State. He h:is tilled many posi- tions of honor and trust, county judge, supervisor, msmbors of both houses of the Legislature, and was the candidate of the Democratic party for Governor of Iowa, and was defeated by but a small majority. Three young men. C. and W. Randall and Loomis, came here from Ohio in 1856, and pre- empted claims. They did not engage in agricul- ture on their own account, but worked in the saw- mill and hotel at Ashton. Aft«r proving up on their claims they left here. In the latter part of July. 1856, three brothers of Judge Whilingcame here anil made settlement. These were William B., Myrick E. and Baxter. William located on a piece of land on sectjon 24, on which he made his home for a year, and then removed to Franklin Township to take charge of the sawmill belonging to his brothers, Charles E. and Newell A. Two years later he returned to West P'ork, which continued his residence until the fall of 1886. when he removed to the village of Whiting, where he now is living. Myrick E. Whiting was engaged in agriculture here until re- moved " to the cold realms of King Death." in tha spring of 1869. Baxter Whiting, after making his home here for a time, removed to Onawa. wlie e he ran the gristmill for awhile. Moving to MaplelDU, he there engaged in the hardware trade, and a little later established the bank, lie died in the latter city in March, 1885. .lames McWillianis came to the county in June, 1857, and settled in what is now the township (if 236 MONONA COUNTY. West Fork. Three years later he removed to Franklin, but is now a resident of Ashton. The financial crisis of 1857 that broke over our country stopped tiie tide of emigration, and owing to subsequent Indian troubles and the terrible civil war, when everything seemed paralyzed, there was an almost absolute cessation of settlement in this part of the State until after the close of the war, and there are none that came to West Fork for several j-ears. The first of these was George W. Pixler, now of the town of Lake, who settled here Feb. 22, 18(56, but two j-ears later removed to Iiis present residence. On the 23d of August, 1867, F. M. Norwood, who had purchased a farm on section 25, 85, 16, the previous spring, settled in the county, and has resided on that piece of land ever since. E. M. and Charles Cassady settled here in Feb- ruary, 1868, locating on section 26. There Charles has remained ever since, with the exception of two j'ears, when he was engaged in the saddlery and harness business at Whiting. E. M. Cassady soon took up his residence on section 3.5, where he made his home most of the time until 1880, when he re- moved to Whiting and is engaged in the mercan- tile trade. Jacob R. Folwell settled on section 25, 85, 45, West Fork, in the spring of 1870, but two jears later moved to section 31, where he now lives. He came to the county in 1868. William Payne, a native of " white-cliffed Al- bion," came to Monona Countj' in the spring of 1870, and settled on section 3, 85, 46, where he is still living. Lewis A. Morle}-, one of the business men of Whiting, came to Monona County in the fall of 1870, and made a settlement on a farm in this township, and remained a citizen here until 1880, when he removed to tlie village. Benjamin N. Danforth came to this town in 1872 and made a settlement on section 2, townshij) 85, range 46, where he has his Iiome still. Lewis Pike came here from Onawa in March, 1874, and settled on section 24. town 85, range 46, carrying on the stock business of Pike . ;!. Ixit not regularly, although iho Snl)l)ath-sc'hool organized at that plat'o al>oiit 1SS5 liy I'c'ter Ininan, is in a flourishing cou'lition. The officers of the ])resent School Roard are Lewis Pike, president; E. M. AVhiting. secretary; ('. H. Whiling, treasurer; and J. M. Slater and M. V. Brink, directors. The AVest I'"(U'k post-t)fllce was estalilished in 1863 with M. K. Whiting .as Postmaster, lie continued to have charge of the mails until the spring of 18G0, when he died and w.as succeek jhuo in Dio spring of 1858. The first supervisor on the county board to represent this town w.as Alex. Allison, who was one of the first board that met at Ouawa, January 7, ISGl. At the time of the reorganization of the vari- ous towns in the county, made April 3, 1866, West Fork w.as given its present boundaries, and the first election of the reconstructed town w.as ordered to be held at the school house, with M. E. Whiting and Joseph Allen as judges, and Victor Dubois and W. B. Whiting as clerks of election. LAKE TOWNSHIP. CHAPTEE XIII. HE civil township of Lalce is one of the smallest in area of any in the county, era- braeiug cnl^' a part of Congressional Town- ship 85, range 46, sections 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 24, 25, 36, and the east half of sections 10 and 14, being cut off to add to that of West Fork, and therefore embraces only some twent}--six sections. It de- rives its name from the beautiful Badger Lake that lies entirely within its borders. This forms nearly a complete circle lying in sections 20, 28, 29, .30, 31, 32 and 33. The surface of the township, which is quite as level as is common to that part of the county, I3'- ing in the celebrated Missouri River bottom, is covered with a rich sandy loam, the silt or deposit of the ancient river, which returns an abundant re- compense for tiie labor -of the husbandman. The principal cereal raised is corn, and this with the pasturage of a large number of horses cattle, etc., forms the principal business of its population. By the census of 1885, it is shown that the inhabitants of this subdivision of the county numbered 466, chiefly of American birth, a number which has grown since that date. It contains a fair i)ropor- tion of native timber, tlial fully supplies the in- habitants with fuel and building material, besides manv handsome artilicial groves that surround the residences of its people. There is no village within the limits of the town- ship, but the young city of Whiting lying just ■without its borders, in the adjoining town of Ash- ton, affords ample market facilities. The Sioux City it Pacific Railroad crosses the town in a diagonal line from north to south, but, as mentioned above, has no station in Lake. The first to make any settlement within the lim- its of this township, was .James Stillwell. He came to the county in company with the surveyors in in 1852. and built the dirt cabin so often spoken of in these pages, on the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 2, town 84, range 46. In 1854 he removed to section 22. Lake Township, where he made his home until 1858, and then de- parted for California. Edward Clark was the next to make a settlement here. He had come to the count}' in October, 1855, and with his family spent the winter in what is now Lincoln Township. March 20, 1856, he re- moved to a claim which he had pre-empted on sec- tion 34, the west half of the southeast quarter, and the east half of the southwest quarter, upon which he resided for man}- years, only recently removing to the village of Whiting, where he is now living. With Mr. Clark came Frank W. Brooks, a single man, who made his home with ]Mr. Clark's farail}', in Lincoln, until the spring they came here, when, having been just married, he settled on a piece of land of his own. He remained here a year or two, and then removed to the Soldier Valley. The next permanent white settler to locate in the tr)wnship, w.as Tobias Fegcnbush. In 1856, he came to the county, while j'ct the earth was clad in MONONA COUNTY. 239 vernal verdure, and housed his family for that ang cabin in the township of Lincoln. In the fall of 1857, he set- tled on his farm on section 28, in what is now Lake 'rownship. whore he has remained, watching the growth and developmtMit of this his adopted homo, and engaged in the improvement of his place. I. Nicholas Mite and liis family located on sec- tion 28, on coming to this county and lownsliip in the autumn of 1858. Some years after he removed to section 18. and there he made his home until •Inne. 188G, when he was called aw.ay by death. His family are still residents of the town. William L. Coones came to Jlonona County with the early |)iouecrs in 18.56, and settled on the land owned by Philip Fegenbush. on section .32, this township. lie remained there the following win- ter, and until M.'iy 10. when he returned to War- ren County, 111. In March. 1872, he came again to this town, and located on section 17, where he made his home for a year, and then moved to an- other place, but soon returned to the old home- stead. Here he has remained ever since. George Harris, who h.ad located at Onawa the jirevious year on coming to the count}', came to Lake Township in 18.")7, and made a settlement. About 1802 he left this county, going to Denver, Colo. .\lfred r. Hanscom settled in this part of the county in 18511. He had located at Onawa two years before, whence he had come to Lake. In 18fi5 he removed to Franklin Township, and died in .Sioux, .M.ay 29, 1887. Alexander Allison, at one time one of the promi- nent citizens of this county, located in Lake Town- ship, on section 20, this same j'ear. lie represented this part of the county, then West Fork Township, in the first Board of County .Supervisors. About 18i>3, he too. went to Colorado. J. W. Sudduth settled in this township in May, 1861. on a piece of rented land, but the following spring removed to hi^ own f:)rni on section 31, where he now lives. In the fall of 1861. Tli'jmas. A. Dunagan came here and located on section 5. In 1865, he enlisted Id the 7th Iowa Cavalry, and returned here at the expiration of his service, making this liis home un- til 1872. In the spring of 1882 he came back to Lake, and has since resided here. John N. Combs settled in this township in Sep- tember. 1861, on a rented farm, where he died, April 28, 1861. His family, the following year re- moved to their own place, where the widow, now Mrs. Paul M. Dubois, is still living. Joseph Robinson appeared in this township in the fall of 18G2. and located on section 17, where he still lives. He came to the county in 1857, but first settled at Onawa, where he engaged in carpen- tering. S. G. Irish, now a resident of the village of Whiting, is among the settlers of the year 186:5. He came through here on his way to Dakota in 1860, and on being driven from there through fear of the Indians during the dark d.ays of the Sioux uprising, in the fall of 18(i:?. came to Monona I County and settled on section 35, Lake Township, where he lived some twentj- years. Oliver L. Davis, who had settled in the county in 1865, located in this township in 1880, where he now lives, on section G. Ilalvor Hye and family came to this town in July, 1867, and settled on section 21, where he died Jan. I'.i. 1870. Ilis widow, who afterward married T. H. Skidmore, still rcsiiles on the homestead. Larkin Packwood, residing on section 20, settled on that spot in 1867. having been a resident of Franklin Township for the five j'cars previous. William P. Drown was also a settler of the year 1867. and since 1870 has made his home on sec- tion 31. George W. Pixler. who had been living for the past two years in the town of West Fork, removed here in the fall of 1 sCiS, and has remained here since that time. John Huff, the first settler in the Lake circle, came here in September, 1869. and found the home he was seeking on section 32, 85,46. He brought with him a sawmill, which he ran for about ten years. Germain Schurdevin came to Lake Township in October. 1869, locating on section 32. .Seven ' years later he removed to another place, and finally in 1879, settled where he now lives, on section 31. I David W. IJowcrs, now living on section 32, 240 MONONA COUNTY. made his first settlement in the township in JIarch, 1871, in what is known as Badger Lake Circle. Four years later he left the county, but returned in two j'ears' time, and for four years more was a resident of this town. After spending the succeed- ing six years in Nebraska, he finally came back here in June, 1887, and has since that time made this his home. Albert Commings, now of Lincoln Township, came here in the spring of 1872, and was engaged at farm work by several parties here. James P. Utterback, Sr., came to Monona Count}- in September, 1873, and settled at first in Lincoln Township, whence, in the spring of 1875, he re- moved to Lake, locating on section 29. In 1884 he removed to his present residence on section 28. David Backer, residing upon section 8, made a settlement on that place in the spring of 1 874. The same year witnessed the settlement of Will- iam McCandless, who is living on section 9, where he first located. Joshua Williamson, who had been living for a short time in Maple, came to this township the same j'ear and settled on section 5, where he now resides. A. P. Gunsolly came the same year and settled in the "Lake Circle." A few years after he ran the sawmill. He now lives on section 23. Thomas H. Skidmore was another settler of this year, and resided on section 21 until tiis death. May 15, 1882. William Polly settled in Lake Township in the fall of 1875. Wilson M. McBeath settled on section 34, in February, 1876, on coming to the county, and has there made his home ever since. In thespriugof 1876, James M. MeClain, whofor four years had been a resident of Lincoln Town- ship, removed here, and lived among these people until the fall of 1878. He then returned to Lin- coln. In the autumn of 1884 he came back to Lake, settling on section 31, where he now resides. James W. PoUey first settled in this township in this J'ear, and although he has been absent from it at times, is now a resident. In the fall of 1880 Lj'curgus Godsey, a promi- nent stock-raiser living on section 2, located on that place, where he has since made his home. Bain B. Stillman settled in the township in 1881, and has made this his home ever since. Thomas G. Davis, also, located a home here iu the fall of 1881, and has been a resident here or in Whiting ever since. Axel Christoplierson made a settlement on sec- tion 23, where he now lives, in 1882. He first came to the county in September, 1874. John W. Konkle came here the same jear, set- ling on section 22, wliere he now lives. John Crosley, .also, settled here the same year, on section 19, where he still makes his home. Silas Dean came to Lake Township in 1883 and settled on the farm on section 18, where he now lives. John M. Slater, still a resident of the town, set- tled here in the spring of 1 883. David F. Conkle, living on his farm on section 11, made his settlement in October, 1884. William Murdick, at present living on his farm on section 27, came here and settled in July, 1885. John McBeath settled here the same j-ear, and now lives upon a part of section 34. Andrew T. Dailey, who settled in Lincoln Town- ship in 1875, removed to Lake, where he now lives, on section 22, in May, 1885. John Ilenrj', a native of Sweden and a resident of this civil subdivision of the county, settled here on the 5th of August, 1886, although he first came to the count}- in 1869. Henry H. Harvey made a settlement here in 1887, on section 20. He came to the count}' in 1882, but made his home in Fairview and Lincoln Townships until coming here. Oliver J. Howk, residing on section 6, came here in the spring of 1887. HISTORICAL ITEMS. The first child born was Polly Stillwcll, the daughter of James Stillwell, the pioneer settler of this town, whose birth occurred in tlie summer of 1857. James Clark, a son of Edward and Rachel Clark, was most likely the first death. He was .accidentally poisoned with strychnine, kept to kill gophers. This was in 1860. The first marriage of residents of the township MONONA COUNTY. 241 was tlmt of Franklin ^V. Brooks and Miss Marliia Roberts, whicli took place Jan. 10, 1856. The first celebrated in the township (the others going to the county-seat) was that of Josepii Robinson and >Iiss Margaret Fegenbusli, the cercmon}' taking place Jan. 26, 1861. The first school was taught in the fall of 1860, in a building erected for the purpose near the cen- ter of section 28, by Mrs. Chapman, of Onawa. Tliis l)uildiiig was afterwards removed and used for eiiurch services. ORGANIC. Lake Township was organized as a separate civil subdivision of tht county in accordance with an order of the Hoard of Supervisors re-organizing ail the old and marking out the lines of new town- ships, passed by that body April 3, 1866. The first election took place and was held at the school house in district Xo. I, and T. Fegenbush was Judge and Joseph Robinson, Clerk. At that time the town was to include all the teiritory lying west of West Fork in town 85, ranges 40 and 47. Joseph Rob- inson was elected Supervisor; T. Fegenbush and J. N. I lite. Trustees; and A. l'. Ilanseora. Clerk. The present odicers are: W. L. Coones, .Silas Deane, and Wilson McUeath, Trustees; James Mc- Clain, Clerk; J. P. Utterback. Treasurer; G. W. Stevenson, Assessor; Thomas Duunagan, Justice; and S. L. Pack wood, Constable. BELVIDERE TOWNSHIP. CHAPTER XIV. ^^IIIS subdivision of Monona County em- lf(^^ braces all of Congressional Township 83. ^^^ range 44, and contains some 23,040 acres of excellent land. The surface is consideiabl3- diver- sified, consisting, in the western part to the Little Sioux River, of the flat level of the Missouri bot- tom, with its rich alluvial sill soil, and in the west- ern portion of the knobby, rounded bluffs of the well known western formation, composed of flnely comtninuted clay and tiie famous loess, or drift deposit. Unusual fertility and rare productiveness marks the soil where cultivated, but some it is so abrupt and steep as to be practically unfitted for the plow. A considerable amount of valuable native timber fringes the rivers and streams, and adds materially to the beauty of the lanted agriculture as a calling, and is still a resident of this town, engaged in that line of business. Rev. MTilliam M. Dorward and his sons, Frank M. .and William M., Jr., made their appearance in this town in the spring of 1865, and opened up farms on Beaver Creek. The father, one of Monona county's best citizens, died here June 14, 1888. Frank M., at the election in November, 1889, was chosen treasurer of the county by a handsome majoritj. William is also a resident of the town at the present writing. George W. Cork made a settlement on section 10, this township, in the spring of 1869, where he resided until March, 1887, when he removed to Onawa, and there makes his home. William T. and Charles T. .Seaton came to the county and took up their residence in 18G9 in this township, and both of them are residents here still. William Townle3', now living in Sioux Township, located on a farm here on first coming to the county, in 1870, and made this his home for four years. Lewis L. Rinehart came to Belvidere from Har- rison County in 1871, and n)ade a settlement. He lived here for many years, and died here not many years ago. German Brown settled in 1873. on section 34. where he still lives. Clinton M. Wiley and George Diddy, still rep- resentative citizens of the township, located here in the fall of 1875, both on section 1. Charles Smith, one of the residents of the town the present day, living on section 1, came here from Grant Township, whore he had been living, and opened a farm where his home is at present in 1874. Benjamin Garder, now a resident of Spring Val- lej', to which he removed in 1877, came to this county in 1875, and made a settlement in this town. Thomas Moore settled where he now lives in the spring of 1876, coming from the town of Galva, 111., although born in the Isle of Man, a de- pendency of the British Empire. John Hanson dates his settlement here from the spring of 1879. David W. Lotspeich, one of the prominent citi- zens of the town, came here and founded his home in 1881. William H. Case, a leading citizen of the town- sliip, came to Monona County with his father, Francis C. Case, in 1853. He came to Belvidere Township in 1882, and settled on section 36, where he now lives. Olaf Leff also made a settlement in Belvidere in the spring of 1882, and is still a resident. FIRST EVENTS. The first death in what is now Belvidere was that of Philip Ashton, who was frozen to death while trying to reach the village of Ashton, during the winter of 1852-3. Mrs. W. Brooks was the first to die a natural death, her demise taking place in the winter of 1856-7. The first marriage w-as that of Ivan L3-tle and Nancy E. Younger, which took place Jan. 11, 1856. The first school was taught bj- G. Goodenough, in the fall of 1857. ORGANIC. At a meeting of the county court, that then took the place of the board of supervisors in the County Government in that day, held in January, 1 856, it was ordered that townships 82, 83 and 84, ranges 43 and 44, be organized in one civil town- ship under the name of Belvidere. This was evi- dently done, and as thus constituted remained until the sijring election of 1857, when town 84, range 41. was detached to form a new township. On the 5th of October, 1857. in the county court, Hon. C. E. Whiting, County Judge, presid- ing, a general re-organization of the various towns of the county, took place. Belvidere had her lioiindaries chano'ed so that it then was made to em- MONONA COINTV. 24 r> brace all of township 83, ranges 42 and 43; sec- tions 25, 26, 35 and 30, of town 84, range 44; the south two tiers of sections of town 84, ranges 42 and 43; and the ciist iialf and sections 4, 9, Itj, and 21, of township 83, range 44. Changes took place from time to time in its boundaries, more or less unimpoitant l)etween that period and April 3, 180G. wiien tlie county was again subdivided. Under this the town of Belvi- dcre was made to consist of all of township 83, range 43. and sections 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12. 13, 14, 15. 16. 21. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35 and 36, and the cast half of sections 4. and 9., of town 83, range 44. At the time of this organization the board ordered the election to take place at school- house No. 1, and appointed C. C. liisbee and John Wood judges of election, and W. A. Dorward .and Thomas J. Bryson, clerks. In ,Iune of the next year town 83. 43, was detached to form a new township and subsequently the other territory in Congressional Township 83, range 44, was added to Helviilere which then took its present form. Tin: VILLAGE OF BKLVIDERK. On the 19th of ]klay, 1857, Samuel Scolt, then County Surveyor, laid out and platted a town site on the s(>uth half of seLO\V, embracing all nf Congressional /' Township 82 nortii, range 42 west lies in W^ the extreme southwestern corner of Mo- nona County, and is liounded on the north by Soldier Township; on the east by Crawford County; on the SDUtii liy Harrison County; and on the west by Spring Vnllej' Township. Tiie surface, a con- stant succession of hills and valleys, is much ill versified and is much more suitable for stock purposes tlian for agriculture, although the highly fertile valleys of its creeks and rivers are dotted with ple.isant productive farms. The soil has the same general characteristics that mark this i)art of the .State, and except on the hill tops is of the light mulatto colnred bluff deposit. JIuch of the land is uncultivated being used as r.'inges for cattle. .\n abundance of running water and ample drainage facilities are afforded by the Willow, Kast and West Willow. Norwa3' and Crpulation of the township was 47i!, about equally divided among Americans, Nor- wegians and Germans, all industrious and fairl}' prosperous. Owing to many circumstances the settlement of this town was dela^'cd for some years after llie other parts of the county, but when once it l)egun it Tdled up rapidly. There is no town or post-ofHee within its limits, most of the inhabitauts depending on Dunlap. llMrrison County, for a market. The pioneer settlers Ikic were of Norwegian birth, frugal, industrious i)eople, who have made both themselves and the town prosperous. The first of these was Klling Thoreson, who came to Monona Count3' in March, 18G7, on a tour of inspection and returned to La Crosse County, Wis. In .Tuly of the same year he brought his family here and m.adc a permanent settlement and is one of the citizens of to-day. In August, 1867, .lames Severson settled on sec- tion 6, this townstiip, among the first settlers, and one of the first Norwegians to locate here. He has remained ever since and is one of the leading citizens of the town. His son Cornelius is engaged in the mercantile business in the village of Utc. Ole .Severson made a settlement in December. 1809, on section (5. this township, where he has re- sided ever since. Ole Kngun. a resilient at this time i>f Spring Valley, came to this county in 1H7I, and lived in Willow until 1877. William Wininger made his appearance in what is Willow Township in the fall of 1871, the fall of the great Chicago fire, and settled where he now lives on section 1.5. At that lime there was only about six families in the township, and three years later there were but nine voters. David Hull, now a resident of Dunlap, came to this part of the county and "pitched his tent" in 1871. Here be o|>ened up a farm and made his home until about 1881, when he removetl to his present place of residence. 252 MOXONA COUNTY. E. N. Hong, a native of Norway, in the autumn of 1873 found his way to this part of the county, and the following winter was employed in teaching a Norwegian school. In the spring he took up a claim and constructed a "dug-out" in which he lived, and not being in circumstances to make much improvements, taught school for five years. Frank Schlensig made his settlement in the town- ship in April, 1875, and worked out for about four years. He is living here now on section 35, although for many years he has been a resident of Soldier. Edwin J. Hull came to this county and settled on a piece of rented land in December, 1877, and for three years in this town was engaged in carry- ing on that. In 1880 he purchased his present place on section 9, which he has greatly improved and bought the farm where he lives on section 16 in 1884. Section 27 received a settler in the early spring of 1880, in the person of Frank A. Kessler, who has remained a resident there ever since. About the same time E. A. Athcrton made a settlement on the adjoining section, 26, and has there made his home to this day.' During the same season a settlement was made on section 14, by Thomas Cover, who resides there still. He came here from Keokuk Countj', this State, and is largely engaged in general stock- raising. Olans O. Moen came to this county in 1879, and after working around for a year settled down in the town of Willow on a farm. In June of the same j'ear Charles Atherlon pur- chased a farm in this town, and is still a resident of this locality. Early in the spring of 1882 John A. Olsen and Peter Peterson bought a farm on section 17, and settled here. The former now lives on the place, having bought his partner's interest therein. A. B. Felts settled on the farm where he now lives, on section 10, in the spring of 1883. FIRST ITEMS. The first schoolhouse was a "dug-out" located on section 6, which was constructed in the fall of 1869, and in this R. Y. Ransome taught the first school the following winter. The first religious services held in the Norwegian settlement were reall}' held in Spring Valley Town- ship in the fall of 1870, at the residence of 11. E. Strand, by a Rev. Mr. Christiansen. The first frame schoolhouse was built in the fall of 1874, on section 15, and the first teacher therein was Miss Eliza Bailey, who presided over the youthful scholars in the winter terra of 1874-75. OliGAXIZATION. Willow Townsliip, which up to that time from its first settlement had remained a part of the town of Spring ^'alley, was authorized by the county board of supervisors to organize as a separate and 1 civil subdivision of the county at a meeting held by that body April 7, 1873, the first election to be held at the next general election, in the fall of that I j'ear. SENTEl^ TOWNSHIP. CHAPTER XVII. '.*^^^IIK subdivision of the county that bears tlie ,/^^. name of Center, embraces all of Congres- %^'' sioiial Townsliip 84, range 43, except sec- tions 30. 31, 32, 33 and the south half of section 29, which has been set off and added to Kennebec Township, in lieu of which Center Township has had added to it sections 1 and 2, the north half of 11, and the north half and southeast quarter of section 12, town 84. range 44. wiiich give it an area of thirly-four and a quarter sections, or 21,920 acres. The surface is beautifullv diversified, being in tiie southern part quite hilly, in the centre and northeastern portions rich rolling prairie, wiiile the northwestern part lies in the beautiful Maple Val- ley, one of the most beautiful in the State. Ample drainage and an abundant supplj- of running water is afforded b}' the silvery Maple Kiver and the Jordan Creek, which, with their tributaries and attluenls, reach out throughout its entire length and breadth, and whose banks are lined with na- tive timber, to a, large extent. The soil, either the rich. dark, warm loam of tiio bottom land, or the mulatto brown of the loess of the bluff deposit is wonderfully fertile, and re- turns, under all circumstances, an aliundant reward t(i the industrious hui^bandmaD or enterprising fruit grower. To the stuck grower it offers particu- lar inducements, the rich indigenous grasses of the bluffs, the abundance of water and the shady groves that fringe the streams, affording the finest of grazing and pasture grounds. The Maple Val- ley branch of the Chicago i)ulation of 440 in 1(<8.') nearly all of whom were of American birth, and there is no doubt but that the number h.as been considerably increased since tlien. It has excellent school facilities and three post-ollices. The honor of being the first settler in this town- ship is accorded to Seth Sicith, who located on sec- lion :!. in the spring of \K'>:i. He came to Council Bluffs, or as it was thin called, Kanesville, the year previous, and made a trip up here and picked out his land. lie built a house on this place in whicli he moved his family, and here m.ade his residence until September, 18.55, when selling out to Corne- lius A'an Dorn, he removelby, has made his residence here nearly all the time since their first coming. William G. Johnson came to Grant in 1866, from the Boj'er Valley, with a lot of blooded slock of all kinds, belonging to a man by the name of Olmstead. He had come from Connecticut some 3ears previous to the Boj'er.and on locating here set- tled upon section 22. In about 1869 he removed to Burt County, Neb,, where he died about 1878. A short time after his settlement in Boyer he entered the employ of the Northwestern Stage Cowpany, where he remained several years, during which lime he had man}' experiences, which no one could tell about so well as Mr. Johnson, who be- came famous as a stor3'-teller of considerable mag- nitude. It is, also, noted of him that he was a most excellent hand to lend the baby, and his one endless song became as well known Ihroughout the country as himself and his wonderful stories. W. G. Kennedy, slill a resident of the town liv- ing in liodne}-, made his seitleraent here in Aug- ust, 1867, opening up a farm on section 11. In March, 1888, he removed to the rising village of Rodney where he now is living. Charles Pinckne}' and family settled in this town in 1865, on section IG. where he opened up a farm. He has lived there, with iiis children ever siuce.and was quite extensively engaged in stock raising. He was a noted trapper, and in one winter took as high as three tiiousand eight hundred muskrat skins. In the spring of 1866, Edwin Prichard, who had been living in .Slielliy County for several years, came to Grant and settling upon section 22, has there made his home ever since. He came to this the western part of the State from Clayton Count}', and is among the leading citizens of this county. An old bachelor, by the name of Mills, made his home upon the Bryant place in 1866 and 1867, and there died, L,I).l-r.skine,came to Grant Township in 1866,and located on section 32, He opened up an extensive farm and engaged in stock-raising on a large scale, and has become one of the prominent citizens of the county. He is extensively engaged in the grain and stock business, and has a store in the village of Ute, which is carried on by his son Charles. MONONA COUNTY. 259 Martin Lanrlen came in 18(57. and remained a res- ident of this town for al)OUt ten years. lie divided his lime between hunting, trap|(ing and preaciiing. Finally he removed to what was known as llie hwt lands, southwest of Onawa. where lie is en- gaged in bee culture. About the same lime E. A. Miller came here.and for two years made his home on section 12. At the expiration of that time he removed to Woodbury County, where he now lives. Charles .Smith came to this township about 1S67, and in November of that year settled down upon a rented farm. Me had but fair success in his agricultural labors, his crops being mostly eaten up by the grasshoppers, and in 1869 he removed to the town of Kennebec. Ivory Leach, who was one of the prominent citi- zens of this town for many years, came here early in 1807. and located on section 23. He was a native of the .State of Maine, a veteran of the Civil War, serving with the Army of the Potomac, and died here Oct. 5, 1889. In September of the same year section 33 received a settler in the person of Kdward Erskine. who opened up a farm there and made his home upon the old homestead until the fall of 1889. when he died. Calvin J. Barber and Jesse Edgar both located here the'samc j-ear, the former fin section 12. .and the latter on section 21. Benjamin L. Thomas, a native of .lefferson ' County, N. Y.. settled in this town in the spring of IMtiH. and lived here until his death, which oc- curred in the fall of IHs!). Charles .lohnson ma...•- .Imie by Seth Smith in 1853, on tlie site of the present villnj^c of Rodney. The Dvst school was taught on the second floor of the residence of J. I). Woodward, and Miss Ili'len HuMitck, now Mrs. William McIJouald, was the teaelier. The pioneer schoolhouse was erei'led Hear the residence of J. I). Woodward, and w.as known as the Woodward Schoolhouse. The first post-oftiee was that of Tieonic, which was established iu the fall of 18G8, with (iidcon .M. Wells as Postmaster. The second ollico w:is that at Grant Center which was estal)lished in 1871, with W. U. I'iiillipsas Postmaster. The tatter continued ill charge until 1887, when he was succeeded b^" J. A. Norton, the present incumbent. The most thrivinsr and ])romising village in the township was laid out and platted eai'ly in 1887 by the Milwaukee Land Com[>any, on the building of the Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad through this township and the location of a station at that point. It lies on the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 3, and the plat thereof was tiliMl for recorril, 1888, W. II. Kdgar erected « building in which he opened a stock of hardware, in connec- tion with F. 1). and (',. W. Kdyar under the firm name of Kdgar liros. In Februar}-, 188'.i, by Ihc r^ t i t i-iiii-n I i»i iM> iM < li iii'i s, ^'» . |[, i-.ilt^:ir iM'iMrno the proprietor, which he carries on under the firm name of W. ll.lvlgar ir Co. The lumber yard of W. G. Kennedy & .Son was established by them in April. 1 888, and has been carried on by them ever since. A drug-store was established at this point during the summer of 188t) by C. H. Chandler and Dr. C. G. Lass, who still carr^- on that business. In the spring of 1887 Leonard Needham |)ni up a neat store building and opened a stock of goooldier; while on tiie west lies Center Township. Owing to the slowness of its settlement, and the 8|iarseness of its population, the town of St. Clair was not orgntii/cd until a late date. April 3. 1872, however, tin; county bof.rd authorized Congres- sional Township 84, range 42, to organize as a civij subdivision of the county under the name of Su Clair, which was accordingly done at the general election of that year. The first to make a settlement -within the boun- daries of what is now St. Clair Township was Thomas Spillman, who located on a piece of land on section ;]0, in tlie month of August, 18G5. He improved his place and made his home here for some eight years, and then entering into a contract to carry the mail between Charter Oak and Onawa, removed to the latter city. The farm is now owned by Stejihcn Uepue. Early in the fall of 1865 a little knot of emi- grants located at what is known as Ward's (!rove, on section 22. This included Robert Patrick and his family, .lames, Warren, John K., Andrew .1., WilliamW. and .Susan, then youngsingle |)eople,and his son George and his family. Those were the second settlers. Robert Patrick died here Jan. 2'J, 1883. George, William and Andrew J. have be- come prosperous and influential men in the cv uf .lordan Township, made a settlement in this part of the county in 1H73. Columbus CofTman, still a resident of the town, sellK-d in the spring of 1873, on his present farm on section 27. With him came his father, Zacli- ariali, ami brother, Zacliariah. Jr. ; the father re- sidi'd here until .July 3, 188'.>, wlien he passed •■Death's shining shore." Zachariali, .Jr.. is still living on section 3. About the same time William and George Leach came to this locality, and have made this their home ever since. In the spring of 1873, W. G. Dorothy, B. F. Hovher, Wesley .Tt)nes, Cliristopher Wilson and John (-1. Dorothy left Wapello County, Iowa, and about June 6, arrived in St. Clair Township. AV. G. Doroshy settled on section 10. where he now lives. IJovher, one of the lending farmers of the town, settled on section 2, where he now lives; Wesley- Junes still lives upon section l,and is well-to-do. Christiipher Wilson and J. CJ. Dorothy returned to Wapello County on the death of the former's wife, and still reside in that section of the State. About the same time Kdwin Perry Dorothy came to the county and located, and is now a resi- deul and business man of the villageof I'te. Adcl- bert Nathlich, still living on section 22, came about the fame time. John J. Miller, still a resident of the township, settled on section 31, during the year 1873. With bim came J. P. Wells, now living in Mapleton. David Christman. one f>f the leading citizens of to-day. fuundet, his present farip. Arthur Ilalley purchased the land upon which the present village of Ute is laid out, on coming here, the same summer, and broke up a part of it. He afterward dis|>ostHl of this farm to Blubaker and Crisman, who, in turn, sold to .Stephen Depue. Uobert Briggs and Jules Jaques. both living here yet, came to this locality from Harrison County, also in 1877; Briggs settling on section 26, and his son-in-Uw Jaques, on section 25. 266 MONONA COUNTY. Henry Blubaker and George Crisman came here about the same time. August Natlilich, now a resident of the town of Cooper, made a settlement here in 1878. Jul}', 1878, another settler in the person of John T. Loyd located on section 16, where he still has hisjioine. The same year witnessed the settlement of Henry Junk.'and Schuyler C. Parker, who located on sec- tions 35 and 26, respectively. A few 3'ears later they both returned to Illinois. B. R. Perkins came here about the same time, and settled on section 34. He opened the first store in the township, upon his farm, about the same time, and ran it about eighteen months, selling out to Smith W. Grooms, who came here about 1880. The latter in a short time disposed of the stock to Henry Blubaker, who finally closed it out. In the fall of 1878 James H. Groom located on section 27, and is still a resident of the town, hav- ing his home on section 24. Benjamin F. Riley came here in Juno, 1879, and for a time was engaged at farm labor for otliers. lie is still a resident farmer of the town. Stephen D. Depue came to Monona County in the spring of 1880, and settled on a portion of sec- tion 36, St. Clair, and is one of the leading citizens and most progressive farmers of this locality. Washington Maginnis located on the John Pat- rick farm on section 34, on coming to the county in 1881. Five years later he removed to Tekamah, Neb., where he died about a year later. In 1881, William Rogers also made a settlement upon section 25. He is now a prominent citizen of the village of Dunlap. John R. Rhodes, now living on section 28, made his settlement in the town in 1881, although he liad been in the neighborhood since 1878. E. C. McLaughlin was also a settler of the same year. He made his home here until 1887, when he died. Fel)ruary, 1882, early as it was, Charles P. Norris came from Harrison County, and made a settlement (ju section 14, where he is still a resident. Firdinand Kessler, now living on section 21, came here in the fall of 1882. Section 25 received another settler in 1882, in the person of Edward Gooch, who still resides on that spot. Carolus Riddle, still a citizen here, arrived here about the same time. Martin Merton, coming to this town in 1882. settled upon section 12. Three years later he sold out to George Schelm, and removed to Nebraska. August Stiekelberg, now in Dakota, came here at the same time. Simon Reinbold, at present a resi- dent of Center Township, came about the same time. John Kellej', now living on section 19, came here about 1883, as did Caleb and Ervin Cushing. Mrs. Bray, a widow, settled upon section 5 about the same time, and is still a resident thereon. George Schelm, at present one of the prosperous farmers of the township, came here and took up his home in the spring of 1885, on section 12. John G. Smith, a leading citizen of the township, came here to locate in the spring of 188G, having purchased a farm on section 35, in the summer of 1 884, when here on a visit. Later he sold a por- tion of his f.arm, some 120 acres, to the Milwaukee Land Company, upon which they laid out the village of Ute. FIKST ITEMS. The first child born within the limits of what is now St. Clair Township, was James, the son of John and Delia Patrick, born in November, 1866. The first marriage was that of Edward Davis and Miss Susan A. Patrick, which occurred in Decem- ber, 1866. The first death was that of a colored man by the name of King Belts, who died hero, March 11.1 87^. The second death was that of Mis. Christopher Wilson, who died in November, 1873. The first school house in the town was con- structed b}' George Patrick, in the fall of 1867. It was a "dug-out," and stood on section 35. on the site of the present village of Ute. The first term of school was taught by Mrs. MM-y R. Craig, the sister of M. J. and I. U. Riddle, of this county. This was used for about two years, when a better structure was erected across the road on section 26. In 1869 also, another schoolhouse was put up on iection 15. MONONA COUNTY. 267 The first religious services were held liy a Rev. Mr. Collins, a Methodist clorirvm.Tn, at tiie resi- dence of Robert Patrick, in Fchrtiarv. 18ti6. • The first Christian organization in tlie town of St. Clair, was the Jlissionory Haptist Society, or- ganized in 1870, at a meeting held at the residence of Robert Patrick. Services were held at the dwellings of various citizens until the building of the two school houses, after which the society wor- shiped in that one on section 2fi. The first church edifice in the township was a Union one, and was erected on section 10, during the summer of 1884. Tlie pioneer post-oHice was established in the summer of 187."), on section 22, under the name of rte, with Isaac Cummins as Postmaster. In 1885 it was moved to the southeast corner of section 27. and Knimet Dorothy np|)oiiUed Postmaster. Mr. Cummins then resigning. After the establish- ment of the village of I'tc, in 18,'i7. the post-otlice was removed to that place. 'I'he pioneer blacksmith shop of the township was erected and opened in 1874. by C. C. Stanley, on section 27. ITe ran it al)OUt a year, when he removcil from here with his tools, selling the building. In 187G. .Tiiseph Turpin came here, and purchasing the old stand, oiieuecl a forge. In l.'<81 , a young man by the name of Dunton Clime to tliis town from tlie neighborhood of Whit- ing, and opened a store in the immediate vicinity of where the present village is laid out. After a short lime he sold out to Dr. K. II. Banks. It passeil. in turn, through the hands of J. (i. Kngle- horn. Charles Nourse, Dudley & French and I. C. McMaster. The latter, in 188.). sold it to Kmmet Dorothy, who removed it to the new village on its establishment in 1887. iTi:. The building of the Chicago, Milwaukee it St. Paul Railroad through this section of ihecouiily in 1»Sh7. and the location of a depot on section 35, was the cause of the birth of the village of Ite. Early in 1887,.!. G. Smith sold a tract of land on the northwest quarter of that section lo the Mil- wHukee Land Company, and the latter, in the sum- mer of that year, laid out and [ilaltc'I a town site, which was filed for record .lune 6. 1887, and the lots placed on sale. Almost with the rapidity of magic, a thriving and prosperous village sprang up. which has taken a foremost place as a business point in the county, and is noted for shipping the largest amount of farm produce of any station on that branch of the Milwaukee Road. The first building in the new village was located just north of the present town plat, and was moved bore by Fred .1. Roberts, who had been running a drug store at Soldier, in Septemljer. 188G. As the village was not yet surve^-ed. he located as above, and is credited with making the first sale in the place. In .June. 1887. he removed the building and contents to the main street of the village, where he still carries on the business. On the southeast corner of section 27. about the year 1880, a man by the name of Dunton started a small grocery store as already related. In a short time he sold out to Dr. K. II. Hanks, who. however, soon disposed of it to J. (J. Kngle- lioiii who carried it on a year and then it was purchased by C. T. Norris. The following fall it was bought by Duilley & French, who carried on the business about six months when they, in turn, sold out to I. C. McMaster. During the last three years, while these gentlemen were running the store, this point was called Utc. Mr. Cummins, the Postmaster, having his ollice in the store. About 1885 Kmmet F. Dorothy bought the builditn^ and stock and was appointed Postmaster. In .lune, 1887, in company with his brother Edwin P.. Mr. Dorothy erected a store building on the new town site into which they moved the above stock and the goods that Edwin hail it! his store at Mapleton. This latter was the first edifice erecteil on the town plat and was opened for business about .Inly 10, 1887. In October, 18.s9. the firm of Dorothy Bros, was succeeded by Emmei Dorothy. On the establishment of a station at the newly laid out village. L. D. Erskine, one of the early settlers lin II. Thomas, now in Tennessee; Jacob Peyton, at present living in Idaho; Homer C. Hoyi, living in Mills or Fremont County; Silas Wilcox, who died near Moorhead; Andrew Hall, now one of the bishops of the church, residing in Council Bluffs; (ieorge Hearick, who moved away from the county and died; Nelsfni Messenger, who returned to Illinois; James Williams, who left here ^a long time ago and has since died; John S. Can- field, who died at Preparation; George Warner, who removed from the.coiinty; Jehial Sav.age, who moved into Cooper Township and there died; and Daniel .Sav.age, who is, also, numlered with "the great majority." Edward Johnson and his son, Orson; Rowland Cobb, at one lime a member of the county boanl, but now removed from the county; John Durfee. a ward of Guy Barnum's; William C. Wilcox, Dennis Butts and others. Thompson and Butts, on their arrival .Septeniber, 11, took up tlieir residence in the frame house, the frame of which was gotten out at Honey Creek Pottawattamie County,and brought up and erected with great labor and expense. Tlie second-story of this was devoted to the printing outfit thev had brought with them. This pai>er. a religious monthly, the first paper issued in the county, w.as known as Zion's Jlarbinger and Baiit>emy's Organ. The journal had been previously pub- lished in St. Louis, and the paper which should iiave been issued in August, of that year, c«me out on the 1.5th of Sc|>teml)er, 18.5.3, the first paper printed in Monona County. This was principally theological in' its matter and w.is the particular instrument for the dissemination of the doctrine of the order of which Elder Thoinjison cl.'iimed to be the he.nd. The latter was the sole editor, and D. W. Butts, the printer, the latter being hired by the societ3-. This paper w.as known .as the Prepara- tion Xfivs and Ephraim's Mcssfngpr. The first weekly paper was issueii March 24, 18.54 under tlip name of the W»'Sl<'rn Xiiclciis and Di-mocratic Echo, and was edited anhriam. a hotel kept by Charles B. Thonip.ion; pork, beef and cows fur sale by Cli:irle8 B. Thompson; cheese in large quantities for sale bj- Charles B. Thompson, and so on. The only adverligement to which that name •272 MONONA COUNTY. is not appended is that of the cooper shop of L. C. Cottingharn. In this historic sheet also appears an announcement that on and after April 15, 1854, the paper would be combined with the Prepara- I tion News and Ephraim's Mcssfiiiger, and the jour- nal issued under the name of Preparation Nucleus and Zioii's Echo, and was to be partly theological and parti}- political. In 1856, this was succeeded ! b}' a larger sheet, a six-column folio, which bore ' the name of The Weekly Neics and Messenger, [ p:\rlly religious, a department presided over by iMr. Thompson, the news and political branch j being under the control of D. W. Butts. The , county filling up now with people, and the Demo- cratic principles being a losing card the name was changed after the fall election and the word "demo- cratic" dropped out. At the time of the county- seat contest between Ash ton and Onawa, the paper took two sides, it being the only journal in tiie countj-, and it is somewhat laughable to see Thompson supporting the claims of Ashton on one page and the junior editor, Mr. Butts, as strongly championing the cause of Onawa, on the other. This paper continued in existence until 1858, when the Monona Land Company made a contract with Thompson & Butts to bring over the outfit to the new county-seat and publish a paper, to be en- tirely devoid of religious matters and to be edited solely by Mr. Butts. This was entitled the Onawa Adventure. It died out after about six weeks. Thompson, who could not resist the opportunity for proselyting, violated the contract, and on his being notified to quit, Butts left and the outfit was brought to Prei^aration and the paper run a short time, but at the time of the trouble that overlook the leader, the material was taken to jNIngnolia by Guy C. Barnum and traded for a stock of goods. In 1855 a sawmill was brought from Shabbona Grove, III, by the society, and put up and operated by them, Amos S. Chase, acting as Superintendent and foreman. This was run by horse power and was operated for some three 3'ears. The hotel, or place of entertain'ment was known as tli'j House of Ephraim, and was presided over by Charles B. Thompson, who conducted this as he did everything else in the settlement. The first school in the township was opened in the village in the summer of 1854, in a dwelling- house, and was taught by Thomas J. Lewis. This was a subscription school and commenced with evening sessions only. It had between thirtj- and forty scholars, and was conducted for some two years. The first death in the little settlement was that of the county's first sheriff. Johnston F. Lane, who died in April, 1855. The second was that of John S. Canfield. who passed awaj- the following winter. The first burial in the ccmeter}' was that of a daughter of Mr. Messenger, brought from Honey Creek, Pottawattamie County, and was buried in 1854. Thompson carried on the business as the "Stew- ard of the Lord," and with the assistance of Guy C. Barnum, whom he designated as the assistant steward, acted for the communitj' for several years, and had a large number of followers, who firmly believed iu his God-given mission, for he was a man that could carry out his plans admirablj'. and impose on the credulous. All went swimmingly until the people lost faith in him. On coming here he had entered for the society some five or six thousand aci-es of land, and on this he founded the village of Preparation, so called because here the}' were to be "prepared" for the "Hereafter." One of the essential points of his creed and teaching was kindred to that of the Jesuits, total self-abne- gation and the divesting themselves entirel}' of all worldly goods and cares. He brought them to the point recommended by Jesus when he replied to the rich man who inquired what he might do to be saved: "Sell (or give away) thy earthl}- goods and follow me," conveying the idea that only by divest- ing themselves of everything could they achieve the Kingdom of Heaven. Under the influence of this teaching, his followers conve3-ed to him all their property', real and personal, even their wear- ing apparel. But dissensions began to break out in the little community, and dissatisfaction with the course of their leader, and in the fall of 1855 a number of the members called on Elder Thompson for an accounting and a division of the property in sev- eralty. At a meeting held for the purpose of dis- cussing the subject, after a ix)werful appeal from MONONA CUL NTY. 273 the loiuler, he called for a division, rcquesliiijj ••the sheep." lliose wlio still wanted to abide by the ori*^inal iigreement, to draw to the right, and was ■astonished to find that tiie dissentients, "the goats," numbered some sixty-three out of al)out one hun- dred and sixteen present. Nothing was done, how- evi'r. in regard to a division of the property, and about the same time some liverily families with- drew, under the leiidersliip of Hugh Lytle, also an elder in the eliureh. and settled elsewhere in the county. They instituted a suit for the recovery of their property, but after considerable litigation were finally worsted, and it is reported on good authority- that tiiey never did secure redress, even being unrecognized in the final distribution as the result of the big law suit that wound up the existence of the colony. During the fall of 18.J8 when most of the male adults of the colony were absent preaching the doc- trine of Baneemyism, Thompson, taking advantage of their being aw.ny, conveyed all the property to his wife, Catherine Thompson, and Guy C. Bar- num. only reserving a foity acre tract for himself. This o|)ened the eyes of his deluded victims, on hearing of which they returned to their homes. Demanding an explanation, they received nothing satisfactory iu the shape of an adjustment. .V meeting w.as helil at the village during the ab- sence of the elder and Baruum. who had gone to Onawa on business, in which the people of the community had the assistance of some of the seceders and several of the outside farmer? of the township, and it was decided to force Klder Thomp- son, on his return, to re-deod to the people their share of the properly, with the exception of a rea- sonable amount, which he shoultl retain as his share. Guards were posted at the entrance of the village to keep any of Thompson's friends from warning him of the movenicnl. the intention being to surprise him into acceding to their wishes. By some means, a woman, whose faith, like tlie gener- ality of her sex. hail not weakene I in the time of their fall, eluded the vigilance of the sentry, and passing round the point of the bluff, met the elder and Barnum on their return, and informceril, which their unjustiliable course and a guilty conscience exaggerated, they turned their team, drove some three miles on the Belvidere road, then they leaped from the wagon ami hastily unhar- nessed the horses, ann the west half of section 24; but Mr. .Smith removed back to Harrison County', where he now resides. .Vmons; others tlint settled here in 1870 may be mentioned Mrs. Margaret Wright, a widow, who died here. Of her family-, ,1. U'heriraerion is in Australia, preaching the .Mormon doctrine; Sonar- moni is still living here engaged in farming; Uo- lando is in California; and Amasa lives at Little .Sioux. .John Weill ver. still living here, settled about the same lime. .lerome 15. Harlow settled in this township in October, 1870, and is still living here. J. M. Putney, a leading agriculturalist of the town, located here, where be lives, in the spring of 1871. Ole Engun, one of the Norwegian citizens of Spring Valley Township, came to Monona County in 1871, and settled first in Willow Township. In 1877 he came to this town and settled on section 22, where he now lives. .Joseph A. Adams, now engaged in the mercan- tile trade at .Moiirhcad, settled on a farm on section 21, in 1871, on coming to the county, and made his home there until 1888, when he entered upon bis present business, which he established October 15 of that year. .lolin Conyers. one of the pioneers of Harrison County, came to Spring N'alley Township in 1871, and here makes his residence. .John J. Conj-er;, his son, is also a resident of the town. .lames I-arson, now of Willow, came here in the spring of 1872 and worked for .John and (icorgc Moorhead for three years, after which he removed to the Boyer Valley. Stephen M. Blackinan. still a resident of the town, a son of one of the early settlers of Harrison County, came here in the spring of 1873 and was engaged in teaching and farming. In 1877 be moved to his present residence on section 15. .lotin H. Mclntyre ami Eli.as Trimble came here in 1873, and commenced the homes where they now live. Andrew Ballantyne. one of the earliest settlers of Harrison County, where he located in 1855, came to Spring Valley Township in April, 1875. since which lime ho has made his home on section 2. Abraham Condit and .Samuel Rice made a settle- ment here in 1871. Neither remained here for any extended term, moving away about 1875 to Kansas. .Joseph Bird ami Teter Frilz made settlements within tiic limits of Spring Valley Township. Mr. Bird is still a resident of this county, but Fritz has removed to Nebraska. William Conyers came here from Kennebec Townslii|) in 1 876, and is still a resident of this part of the county. Benjamin (iorder. who had been living in Belvi- dere since 1875, came to this township in 1877 ami made a settlement and is still a citizen. Andrew Larson, still a citizen of the town, lo- cated on the farm where he now lives in 1877. John R. Mclntyre. a member of the farming com- munity of .Sjiring Valley Township to-d.ay. came here in 1878, and made his settlement on section 24. Andrew Rude settled in Iho town of Spring Val- ley on section 11, where he now lives, in 1878. Peter Johnson settled in this town in the spring of 1879, but two years later removcfl to .Sioux, where he now lives. Knud Knudson came to Monona County in 1871, on coming from his native land. Norw.iy, and in 1879 bought the pl.acc on section II. where be now lives. Charles W. Blackman came to Monona Countj' in 1875, anil settled on the farm on section 22, this township, where be now lives. 276 MONONA COUNTY. James W. Steel dates his settlement from the au- tumn of 1881. and since that time has been a resi- dent of the township. Nelson D. Beall, a native of the Hawkeye State, made his settlement in this count}' and township in March, 1882. MOORHEAD. Located on the southwest quarter of section 9, lies the little hamlet known by the name of its founder, J. B. Moorhoad. Although never platted as a town site, the necessities of trade have caused the springing up of one of the busiest of small business centers in the county. In 1883 James Calkins erected a frame building 16x40 feet in size which was used as a hall and place of holding meet- ings until 1884, when it was rented by 1. T. Hen- derson, who put into it a small stock of goods. Not meeting with the success his effort deserved, in a short time the i)l:K-e was closed and the building used as a repair shop and later as a dwelling house. Previous to this, however, William Ilorton, in 1880. erected a store building 14x22 feet in size, one story high, and carried on the general mer- chandise trade in a small way until 1881, when he was succeeded by O. D. Johnson & Co., :ind tiiey by AVilliam and Thomas Drydeu under the lirni name of Dryden Bros., who enlarged the building and increased the stock. The following year tiiey sold out to D. W. ]McDonald, who carried it on fur two years, and then sohl to George Stees. This ■was in 1884. The latter ran the business until Jan. 1, 1886, when he found a purchaser for the stock and good will in the person of G. P. Benja- min. In October, 1886, after making some addi- tions to the building the latter sold a half interest in the business to G. E. EricUson. and as Benjamin <& Erickson they continued to hold the trade inilil April 1, 1889, when the latter purchased the re- maining interest, and is now carrying on an exten- sive trade. He has made additions to the store room until it is now 22x64 feet in size. Mr. P>ickson is the present Postmaster and the office is located in his store. lie deals in drj' goods exclusively at the present, having sold his grocery department to Joseph A. Adams. The grocer}' business of Joseph A. Adams was established Oct. 1.5, 1888, by the present proprie- tor, who has worked up a liberal patronage and lu- crative business, dealing in groceries exclusively. The blacksmith shop here is in the hands of An- drew Jackson Erb, who established the first forge here. N. A. Merritt is also engaged in the same line of trade. John E. Frazier, M. D., a practicing physician and surgeon, a young man of culture and ability, located at Moorhead August 20, 1885, and has been engaged in the duties of his profession there ever since. Hall Creek post-office was established assuch June 1, 1872, and James L. Bartholomew commissioned as its first Postmaster, having the office on section 29. He was succeeded by Thomas Lewis, and he by John B. Moorhead, who removed it to Moor- head, where it has ever since remained, and is known by the name of that village. The post-office at Moorhead was established in 1871, with Thomas Lewis as Postmaster. The office was kept at his residence on section 17, for a short time when he was succeeded by J. B. ]\Ioorhead, who removed the same to his dwelling. .S. M. Blaekmau succeeded him, and the offiie w.is re- moved to the store in the little village of Moor- head, where it has since remained. The present Postmaster is G. E. Erickson. --K— . SOLDIKl? TOIYA^SEIP. CHAPTEK XXI. HIK subdivision of the county to whii-li lias been given tlie name of Solilier. embraces ^^^' all of Congressional Township 83, range 42. ami contains the usual tliirty-six sections, or aliuut 23,040 acres of land. It is bounded on the north by the town of .St. Clair; on the cast by Crawford County; on the south by Willow Town- ship, and on the west b}' that of Jordan. The surface of this township is a beautiful roll- ing prairie, swelling and rounding up from the plane like the waves of the ocean suddenly con- verted into solid material. The soil, the. rich, warm and productive bluff deposit, or loess, of the geologist, is the equal of any to be found in Western Iowa and is wonderfully fertile. Crossing tiie Northwest center of the town runs the .Soldier River, nnd this with its tributaries and affluents affords ample drainage and an abundant supply of run ning water. There is no railroad or station within its limits, the only village being' the little hamlet of .Soldier, most of the marketing of produce being done at the village of I'tc, in .St. Clair Township. The tirst settler in what is now Soldier Town- ship, and in fact the first white man to locale on the Soldier River between Preparation and Ida (iruvc, was II. A. Agens, who carae lisre in March, 185fl, aiirainent citizen of the same until the spring of 1889, when he removed to Dakota. Junius Browu came to this part of Monona County in July, 1866, and took up his residence in a "dug-out" which he constructed on section 16. The next spring lie built a log cabin and broke up Some land, and has lived here from that time until the present. With him came Orson Good- rich, who lived here about five j'ears and then re- moved to Nebraska. Peter and Jacob Z. Koontz came to this county in June, 1866, and settled ou section 17. The former resided here until about 1879, when he re- moved to Washington Territory and was followed by his brother, Jacob, in 1882, and both make their home in that region still. Michael O'Donnell made a settlement within the limits of this town on section 17, in the summer of 1867, and made his home here until the sjiring of 1884, at which date he removed to the town of Cooper where he now resides. In 1867 Chauncey Goodrich and his sons,' Ward and Milo, came to Monona County and located. The father died here in ;^the fall of 1888, but the boys after four or five years removed to Nebraska. The same 3ear Henry Koontz made a settlement in the town. He lived here for a while and moved back to Pennsylvania. Returning here at a later date he went West from here to Washington Ter- ritory. Engbret Evenson, a leading citizen of the town now, came here in the spring of 1868 and settled on section 30,5 but later removed to 31 where he now lives. For some years, like the balance of the residents, he lived in a "dug-out," but now has a fine house aud many broad acres. Engbret Knudson and George Swenson came with Mr. Evenson. Mr. Knudson settled on a part of section 33, where he is living in easy circum- stances to-da\'. George Swenson located on sec- tion 33, where he is still a resident owning a beau- tiful farm. Andrew Swenson, a brother of George, came with him and also settled here. A. Steece Kinzer made a settlement in 1868 on section 8, on what is now known as the Linville farm, and there made his home until 1881, when he went to Oregon and is residing in that J'oung State. Charles Goodrich, still a resident of the town, dates his settlement here from 1868. In 1 869 Norman Sterling and a colored man by the name of King Betts came to this part of the county and made a settlement. Sterling resided here for a few years and then returned to Illinois. Betts died in St. Clair Township. Robert R. Porter, a prominent settler of the year 1869, located in the spring of that year on a piece of rented land. Two years later he located on the place where he now resides on section 8. He first came to the county in 1866 on a tour of investigation, but made no extended sta}' here. Ole E. Strand, one of the prominent Norwegian citizens of the township at the present came to Monona County with others in 1867, and after liv- ing with his brother, Halvor, in Spring Valley for about two 3'ears, came to Soldier Township in 1869 and made a permanent settlement on section 30 where he now lives. Jerome Lawrence, still a citizen of this section of the countj\ settled here April 1, 1869. William Koontz, also a resident of the town at the present, settled here in 1870, .and renting a piece of land on section 17, resided there for several years. He is s'till a resident of the town living on section 19. Christian Evenson made his appearance in Mo- nona County in the fall of 1873 and settling on a piece of land on section 31, constructed a "dug- out" in which he took up his residence. The land belonged to E.ostern s|)eculators who would onlj' sell the whole, so he could not buy it, but made his home on it until 1881, when he removed to the farm where he now lives on section 35. ■ Hans L. Wingate, now living on section 20, settled in the township in 1874,coming here in April. MONONA COUNTY. 279 James K. Sooy located in the town of Soldier in 1.S76. lie had first como to the county in tlie full of 18(58. but after a short time here went to Smith- land and worked at carpentering. In February, 1870, .'ifter a visit to Ohio, with his brother Henry, he settled in Kennebec Township, whence he re- turned to Ohio and from the latter here. lie remained a resident here until 1881, when he went lo \Vashinylon Territory-, but returned here in 1882 and has his home on section 7. In the fall of the same year Krik Olson made a settlement here on section 20, where he now re- sides. In the spring of 1878 Erie K. Lee took up his residence on a rented farm in this section of the cuunty. Two years later he purchased land on section 34, where he now lives. About the same time C. II. Nordby located on a rented piece of land from which he removed six months later to the farm on section 29 where he now lives. Martin Harrett. located in Sohlier Township, on coming to the county in the fall of 1878, on the farm on section 36, where he is still living. Cliristian Cliristianson joined the citizens of this township in the spring of 187'J, settling on section 31, where he now lives. George Steece came here in 1880 and for about two years was engaged in farming. In 1882 he bought the store at .Soldier which he operated for some two years. He is now living in Harrison County. Irving C. Mc.Master, who had come to this county with his parents in the fall of 1873 and made his home in Grant Township, in the spring of 1881, came to Soldier and located upon a farm 'on section 17. In 1884 he sold out and entered into mercantile pursuits in Soldier and Castana. In 1888. he sold out his business and retired to a farm on section 19, where he now lives. This was the old Kunsome place. Granville 1*. Linville settled herein the spring of 1H81, and is still a resident of the townshij), mak- ing his home on section 8. In the spring of 1882 came William Quatter, a native of the '•Fiilhcrlaml" and made a settlement ■n section 2C. He is now living on section 27. I. C. Jensen, a Norwegian, located on section 35 in 1882, and has made this his home ever since. Anton Hanson located here in the fall of 1883 and engaged in blacksmithing which he carries on at Soldier, at the present. FIUST ITK.MS. The first marriage of residents of the townships was that of Moses J. Riddle and Miss Mary L. Agens which took place Oct. 19, 1866. The first birth was that of Dora, the flaughterof II. A. Agens, who was born in 1860. She is now the wife of Emmet Dorothy, of Ute. The first death w.as that of Malhew Shannon Riddle, the son of M. J. and .Mary L. Riddle, who died September 30. 1869. The first election held in the |)recinct of St. Clair, that then included both .townshi|»s now known as St. Clair and Soldier, occurred in the fall of 1866, at which time there were but tiiirteen votes cast. The first breaking was done by H. A. Agens in May, 1 858, on section 4. The first fence in the township was laid up in 1866, (m section 4, by Moses J. and Isiiac U. Rid- dle, who built about 280 rods of it at that time. The first school was taught by J. L. Swinburne in a cabin that stood on the present farm of M. J. Riddle, in the winter of 1862-3. The first schoolhouse was built in the fall of 1865, on section 4, Aaron Davis being the con- tractor. ORGANIC. At a session of the board of county supervisors held April 3, 1866, a general re division of the county was made, and townships 83 and 84. range 42, were authorized lo organize as one civil town- ship under the name of St. Clair. The first election was held at the schoolhouse, for it seems that there was but one and II. A. Agens, J. P. Spillman and .]. L. Swinburne .acted as judges, and R. H. Ran- some and William Agens. clerks. But thirteen votes were cast and J. L. .Swinburne was chosen to represent the town on the county board. October 14, 1867, a petition was presenleut a claim of .lohn Peirce. who had CJ)roe here the previous autumn, on section 30, and has remained a resident of the count}' ever since. In the suinmer of 1856 Abrain N. Bullock came to Kennebec and occupied the soulhcasl quarter of the northeast quarter of section 7, where he re- sided several years. lie then went on the place now known as the .MclJonald farm in Grant. Ho traded places with Setli Smith, who died there and his widow sold the farm to J. 11. \'. Day in jl8»6. Ilinrv W. Hathaway, a native of New York, came to the township in IH.iC, and built a cabin on the west bank of the Siou.\ River, a little iiorlh of the bridge near Wincgars, on section 18. They lost their boy Willie by drowning in the Sioux. Hathaway dieil there and his widow married Calvin Mclcalf, and dieil in 1 888, in Maple Township. Thomas II. and Willliara D. Flowers settled on section 8, in 1850, ami opened a large stock farm. In 18fi2 Thomas christened his place ■•Areola." and procured an election for the removal of the county- seat to that prospective village. At the election which took place October 14, 1862. 100 citizen electors of the county were in favor of the location of the seat of justice at that point, and 123 voted in favor of its retention at Onawa. The Flowers were natives of Kentuckj-, and married daughters of .ludge .Tolin Craig. In 1863 they went to Cali- fornia with W. N. llathan-ay but returned here the next season. Thomas Flowers afterward turned his attention to railio.id contracting both in Texas and elsewhere, and died in this county. William was engaged in farming for many years, and also died here. His farm is now owned by R. T. Reese, of Turin, and Thomas' land is occupied by George Fischer. .Iiilin L. Lay, a native of Buffalo, came to Smith- land in December 1855. and in the spring of 1856 built a cabin on the banks of the Sioux a little northwest of the Kennebec switch. In 1857 Mr. Lay went East to engage in his business .is machinist, and afterward became world renowned as the in- ventor of the Lay torpedo, which brought him a for- tune, and he was activel}- engaged in the service during the war and w.as last heard of as Major of Engineers. His place was purchased by F.A.Day, and his cabin was moved and put up on ilie south- west quarter of the northwest quarter of section 8, as a schoolhouse in June, 1858. and there was taught the first public school in the township that summer by Miss Nellie Billings, now Mrs. Chap- man, of Onawa. The first school taught in the township was a private one in the summer of 1857 in u log cabin on the southeast quarter of tin? southwest quarter of section 7, on land held by I. S. Peace, it being the cabin where was held the fii>t election, in November. 1856, and subsequent elec- tions in 1857. The I..av cabin was also the church 286 MONONA COUNTY. until a new schoolhouse was built, and tiie Rev. George S. Rice used to come over from Onawa and preach. It seemed odd to Eastern settlers to see a preacher with Lis pants tucked in his boots. A new schoolhouse was built in the northeast corner of section 7, in 1859, which was at that time the largest and best schoolhouse in the county. The Lay cabin was then used by Day & Co., as a stable until April, 1864, when Joe B. P. Day moved it to the hill top near Castana, on his homestead, and it was liis entire mansion until he added on either side of it, and it is still there— barring wliat is gone. Many an old settler has been sheltered within its walls, and probably no other building in the county has had so many locations. W. G. Chamberlain, who came out, in 1855, in company with John L. Lay, built a cabin just north of Lay's on the north side of the drain of the small lake near the Kennebec switch on the 1)anks of the Sioux in the spring of 1856. He opened up quite a farm and lived there about three years when he went to Denver, and for years was a piiotographer there, having pursued that business in Chicago jn-ior to 1856. Chamberlain and Lay manied daughters of Jabez Allen, a native of London and an engineer. Chamberlain meeting the family in Peru, South America. Mr. Allen built a house on the west iialf of the northeast quarter of section 8, on the edge of the prairie just north of the timber above the Kennebec bridge in 1857, but moved thence to Onawa at a subsequent date. Miss Mary A. Goodiuie came to this county in May, 1856, from Iowa County, this State, and pur- chased a farm on section 34, January 2, 1858; she married Homer Kelsey, who died June 4, following. May 13, 1860, the widow married Isaiah Maple, and is a resident on the farm, where she first settled, about half of her time. Aaron A. Davis settled on section 8, this town- ship, April 24, 1857, coming from Hollowell, Me. In the spring of the following year he purchased a farm on section 19, buying it as swampland from the county at $1.25 per acre. Here he resided un- til 1S64, when he removed to his present place of residence on section 28. L. L. Ward, in 1857, settled in this township where he made his home until the breaking out of the war. when he enlisted in the Union army and died while in the service. Frederick D. AVinegar, Sr., located on section 19» this town, in the fall of 1856, coming from Prepa- tion, where he settled in 1853-54, where he made his home until called to " the silent chambers of death," January 16, 1881. Resettled in the county in 1855, locating at first in Spring Vallej' Township. He was a native of Steuben Count}', N. Y. He joined the Mormons at Kirtland, Ohio, and was with them in their wanderings toward Nauvoo. Crossing Iowa, in 1847, with the rest to Council Bluffs, he joined the Preparation Colony, but left them with the Belvidere emigrants in August, 1855. His son, Frederick D., Jr., is still living on the old homestead. Frank L. Day, who had come to]Monona County' with his father one year previous, made a settle- ment in 1856 on section 8, this township, where he resided until 1863. He is now living in Center. J. S. Blackburn settled in this town in the spring of 1857, coming to this place from Oskaloosa, this State, and from Pennsylvania originally. He put up a mill on his farm on the Little Sioux River, which was the first gristmill in the county and was known far and wide. It received custom for some sixty miles around, and was run for about fif- teen years and then was abandoned and rotted down. Mr. Blackburn remained here until 1881, when he removed to Florida, and in 1887 disposed of liis property here. He is quite an extensive grower of oranges in Florida at the present time. Albert Beatty settled in this township near Black- burn in 1858, and opened up a farm. During the war he fled to the mountains to avoid the draft, and it is currently reported and believed, suffered at the hands of the vigilance committee in Wj'o- ming. John F. Beers, and his brother Jesse, came to this town in August, 1858, accompanied by their aged mother, a native of Belfast, Ireland, and a most capable and ambitious woman. John located on section 7, where he still lives. Jesse died here about 1865. The mother died here, also. Mr. Beers was the owner of the first mowing machine owned in the town of Kennebec. Samuel Swanner, one of the Mormons who ac- MONONA COUNTY. 287 ceptcd the later doctrines of Young, settled here in 1859, but a few years hitcr n-nioved to Salt Lake City, or Deseret. Thomas II. Carritt, a native of Knyland, who had been living in Walworth County, Wi:<., came here with ids wife and family, in the fall of 1860. For about two years he farmed on the land of J. M. Kclse}', but at the end of that lime pre-empted an eighty on section 2G. where he still lives. After the passnge of the homestead bill he clianged his pre- emption to a homestead, his being the twenty- seventh claim of that character at the Council Bluffs Land Ofllce, .nnd under it acquired his title to the land. Karly in tiie year 1861 Hdw.ird ^Vinegar came to this township, and took up a claim on section 28, whore he now lives. lie came tlirough this county in 1851, witli the surveying party, and was much pleased with its appearance. In the fall of 1857 he returned and made a settlement in what is now Bel- videre Townshi|), where he remained until locating here. In M.ay, 1861, Socrates Smith came to Monona County from Montgomery County. Ala., and after a time settled on section 13. where he still lives. •John ^Vood. now of Turin, ctme to this county in 18G1, and took up his residence in tiiis town- ship. Two years later he removed to Belvidere. Washington Dirst. in the spring of 18G2, came to this section of the county, and made a settle- ment on the eastern part of section 24. Here he lived for somej'ears when lie sold out and removed to California. Constant R. Searle come to this county in Octo- ber. 18('.3, and took u|) a homestead, where W. H. Waplcs now resides, in Kennebec Township. Some ' j'cars later he removed to Sac County, this State, ' and later to Barton County. Kan. In the summer I of lH8;t lie returned to Monona County, and is now in Onawa. Oliver L. Davis came to the town of Kennebec in the year 18t;5, and remained a resident until 1880, when he removed to his present farm in Lake. William ,S. Everett, now residing on section 35, came here from the eastern part of the State, in August. 18G6, and that fall bought a f.arm of Dr. W. W. Ordway, nnd has been a resi, 188G. The first building erected was the warehouse of Day S. L. Willetts. who had been carrying on the blacksmith's trade in old Castana, put up a smith}' in the new town during the summer, and about the 15th of October, 188(5, moved to the place. .Since tiien he has been adding to his shop until he h.as now a smithy 2<»xG0 feet in size, a wagon and paint shop 16x24 feet, and furnishes employment for two men besilctcd. about December 1, he commenced the hardware business which he now carries on. During that winter, the first snow storms were blown through the still unfinished building, filling up corners and nooks, and it was a very uncomfor- table jjlace to transact business in. All this is changeil now. Mr. Lynch carries a general line of hardware and farm machinery. In the s.ime autumn R. II. Loucks put up a building and in it 0|)ened a drug store. This he continued to carry on until May 1, 1888, when the building, stock and business were purchased by the present proprietor. Dr. J. II. Talbuy. who cumc here from Belvidere Township. Dr. Talboy is, also, a practicing physician and surgeon. .Shortly after this a small building, now occu|)icd by Mrs. Bigelow, as a millinery cglablishmenl, was built b\' Colis S. Penor. and occu])ied by him as a barber shop and billiard hall. In the spring of 1889 he removed into the building where he now is. The latter was built by Doraan Bros., of .Modah-. in the S|)ring of 1887, who carried on the gen- eral merchandise trade therein until that fall. Sell- ing the building to R. 1). Silsby, he put in a sto< k of furniture and a iiliotograph gallery, remaining therein until the spring of 1889, when he rented the building to C. S. Pcnor. a-! before stateil. Among the lirst^usiness places in the new vil- lage were the lumber yards. August 16, li.e ground w.as leased for yards by the (Jrecn Bay Lumber Co., north of the track, and the lot S(.uih of the track by the S. 11. Bowman. Both of these yards were soon after opened, the former under the management of F. W. Iloyt and the latter in charge of Cicorgc llollandsworth. In the following December the firm of Wnph> iV Copelaud, i-iiiii|nisi>d nf William II. Waples and 290 MONONA COUNTY. E. W. Copeland, |)ut up a building on tlie west side of the track, aud opened up a depot for the sale of agricultural implements. Tliey carried on the busi- ness until October 3, 1887, when Mr. Waples pur- chased the interest of his partner,and has continued in the same line of trade ever since. In June, 1888, he removed the building to the east side of the track, making some additions shortly after. The Castana house was erected and fitted up as a hotel b3' Jane Winstanle}', in September and Oct- tober, 1886, and was under her control until May 12, 1888, when she disposed of it to the present proprietors, Mrs. W. H. and Julia C. Dryden. In December, 1886, John R. Oldis built a livery barn 28x60 feet on the ground, with 12-foot posts and an annex 16x20, in which he, in company with Julius T. Cutter, opened a livery stable. About a month latter Mr. Oldis purchased the interest of his partner and carried it on until September, 1887, when Julius T. Cutter again became the proprietor and is engaged in that Hue at the present. The building now occupied by A. A. Davis & Co., as a grocer^' store and meat market, was erected in the winter of 1886, by F. M. Dove, and was then but fourteen feet square. The latter ran a butcher shop therein for some time and tlien sold it to McMaster & Dryden, and on the dissolution of that firm the stock passed into the hands of the present proprietors. The building has been added to from time to time until it is novv 25x40 feet in size. In the spring of 1887, J. A. Evans erected a store building in which, in September, 1888, the firm of McMaster & Dryden, composed of I. C. McMaster, and Will H. Dryden, opened a stock of dry goods. About three months later they closed out. In Feb- ruary, 1889, C. W. Ostrander rented this building and March 31, 1889, placed ii^^it part of his stock, which he brought from Prinsghar, O'Brien County, this State, and opened up for business about the 10th of April, following. He carries a full line of dr3' goods, boots and shoes, etc. D. G. Huston in the spring of 1888, came to Castana, and putting up a building commenced the trade of harness-making, and has successfully car ried on the business ever since. The back commenced business here September 4, 1888. George P. Wiley came to this place and began the erection of the building in July, pre- vious, and carries on a general banking and insur- ance business. The depot was erected in the fall of 1886, aud the first station agent was C. W. Gould, who was succeeded by Ben. Smj'the, the present incumbent. Castana people feel that tliey have been fortunate in having such gentlemanly agents. The first and only attornej^ in the town huug out his shingle here in what was tlie office of the Green Bay Lumber Co., about October 1, 1889. His name is AV. S. Morton. The fine, large school building is the property of J. P. B. Day, who built it in the fall of 1888. Down stairs is used as school rooms and the sec- ond stor}' as a hall. RKLIGIOUS. Scarcely was the town laid out before church matters came up, and the same fall and winter the Congregational society put up the first church edi- fice in the village, on lot 9, block 16, which was dedicated to the worship of the Master, in January, 1887, b3' Rev. C. N. Lyman. This vvas erected at a cost of about 81,200 and is a credit to the town. It has a seating capacity of between two and three hundred. In the spring of 1888, tlie first perma- nent pastor in the church, Rev. S. D. Horine, took charge. lu the fall of 1887 the Adventists put up a church, both neat and tasty, which was dedicated February 12, 1888, the Rev. J. H. Morrison of Knoxville, Iowa, having charge of the services on that daj'. BUSINESS men's association. In July, 1889, the business men of Castana or- ganized a local branch of the State Business Men's Associ.atiou of Iowa, electing the following officers for the ensuing year: W. H. W^aples, President; A. J. Lynch and C. W. Ostrander Vice Presidents; W. T. Da}% Secretary; A. A. Davis, Treasurer; and J. H. Talboy, W. H. Waples, J. B. P. Day, A. J. Lynch and W. T. Day, Executive Committee. At the first monthly meeting, held the last Tuesday of the same month, the follow. ng committees were ap- pointed : On Legislation — G. P. Wilej-. J. H. Tal- MONONA COUNTY. 231 boy anrlJ. C. Canitt; On Trade Interests — A. .T. Lyiifb, C. W. OstrniKfer and 0. 1*. Wiley; On Mein- bership— W. II. W :i|.les. 11. G. Davis nn.l J. B. P D.iy. CAST.VNA t KK.VMKin'. In the summer of 18S9\l.M.Breiit.witli J.M.Brent ife Co., came to t'astanaaml assisted iu the organiza- tion of a eo-operalive compan_v,known as tbeCastana C'reiiincry C'nmpany, which ?larte(i with the follow- in}j members and stockholders: W. T. D.iy & Co., S. L. Willits. A. J. Lyncii. .1. II. TaU)oy,J. C. Car- rilt, W. H. Waplrs.'/ieorgc.l*. Wiley. .1. T. Cutter, Moses Archer, Thomas Cook, .1. H. Riddle, L. W. Perkins, F. F. Roc, T. T. Bouslaugh, Thomas Hun- ter, W. T. Rawlings, W. L. Wiley, A. McCIeery, George Fischer, C. A. 11. Fischer, J. N. .Sooy, H. R. Walter, Edward Winegar, D. O. Newman, Carl Olson, J.^W. Kassing. Daniel Beaton. M. M. Cope- land, .I.O. .Johnson, William Moss, William Craik, C. F. Gray,;.!. M. Hathaway, James Hurst, Green Bay Lumber Co.. W. H. Payne, H. G. Davis, W. T. Wiley, George Didily, A. M. Morrison, Robert Carroll, Bennett Bros., E. .1. Norcross, C. C. Brewer, William Harris, C. W. Bisbee. M. F. Cook, F. M. Diirw.ird, Charles Smith, L. B. Howe, Charles Slruble, .1. II. Cork. W. l>. Rounds. .1. A. Kv.ans,.r. Rae. R. B. .MclJrew. W. F. Krtel. Ellen Smith, W. A. Dryden, C. S. Penor. K. Sorensen, Howe & Winegar, C. W. [Oslrander. A. Hawthorne, R. H. McCall, H. E. Ne(T, W. H. Wiley, Aaron .Stein- berg and W . 11. .Struble. At the first election the following (jlliceis wereYhosen for the ensuing year: .1. H. Trilboy, President; ,1. M. Hathaway ,"_.Secrc- tary; C. W. Bisbee, W. L. Wiley and John Rao. Directors. A contract was closed with .]. .M. Brent & Co., to erect and equip a model creamery and cheese factory, which was executed July 22, and the building was put up and ready for business, .Sep- tember 16, following. It was opened September 24, 1889, and is tjiking in now (November, 1889.) about three thousand five hundred pounds of milk daily. The structure is 30x52, two stories high with an engine room annex sixteen feet square, twelve feet high, and contains seven rooms— receiv- ing room, office, manufacturing room, ice room, cold storage apartment, jcheese curing room and a store room. The m.achinery consists of a twelve horse power engine, centrifugal separator, cheese and milk vats, churn, cheese press, scales, etc., and the entire plant cost.iU,600. voX t ^^' W il.~ 3 SHERMAN TOWNSHIP. CHAPTEK XXIII. HE subdivision of the county tbat bears the f^^ honored name of the matchless general that "^^y led our victorious hosts from Atlanta to the sea, through the heart of the so called con- federacy, embraces all of Congi'essional Township 82, range 45, and the fractional parts of sections 13, 24, 25 and 36, of township 82, range 46, that lie along the eastern bank of the Missouri River that washes the western boundary of the townsiiip. It is bounded on the north by Franlilin Township, on tlie east by Sioux and on the south by tiie counlj- of Harrison, and is located in the south- western extremity of the county. Lying in the far-famed Missouri bottoms it contains some 24,000 acres of a rich sandy loam that is susceptible of the highest culture in most instances, while that por- tion that is not yet brought under subjection af- fords most succulent and nutricious pasturage for numerous herds of sleek and well rounded cattle. In 1885 tiie township contained a population of six hundred and nineteen inhabitants, since which time it has increased largely. Sherman Township has a fair amount of native timber, the baidi of the Jlissourl for a couple of miles in width being covered with a thick growth, a large part of which is valuable black walnut. In addition to this the settlers have, with arimirable foresight and taste, set out numbers of groves and plantations of trees that have throve and grown with the j'ears and now form spots of leafy beauty dotting the landscape. The Sioux City & Pacific Railroad crosses the township from north to south, traversing sections 4. 9, 16.21, 22, 27 and 34, while the village of Blencoe, on section 9, a station on this road, af- fords ample facilities for shipping and marketing the produce of the town. The first settlenicut was made in this township in 1855, by Aaron W. Cook and his family, among whom was liis son James, then a 3'oung man of seventeen years. Mr. Cook and his son, with Josiah Summer, were the first white settlers within the limits of Monona County, coming here in the fall of 1851, and settling in what is now Franklin, as detailed in the history of that part of the county. There Mr. Cook and his son resided until the date above given, wlieu they removed to Sherman Township, locating on section 7. The elder Mr. Cook remained on this latter place engaged in getting out wood to sell to passing steamboats on the river, until January 1, 1856, when he died of liver complaint. His son, James Cook, is now living on the old homestead and is the oldest liv- ing settler. The second pioneer to make a settlement within wiiat is now Sherman Townshi|), was Robert Lind- ley, Sr., who, in 1855, came to this county with Messrs. HoUrook, AVhitingand otiicrs, and entered MONONA rorXTV. 293 lar<;re (iiiaiititii.'S of hiinl. Ho took up his residence liere liuilding the second \off cabin herein and opened up a splendid farm, and died here in 1886. His farail}' are still residents of the count}'. James R. Thurston earae to Sherman Township in February, 186 1, and bought a farm on section 8 On this piece of lanil he erected the third building in the town, a rough hewed log cabin, the only one between Gard Lake and Little Sioux. This was used as a stage station and .as an eating house. The same year witnessed the arrival and settle- ment of N. B. Morris and his family. They arc still residents of the county where the}' pitched their tents twenty-eight years .ago. John Barcus and his son|Samuel, and their fami- lies came from Ohio in April, 18tJ3, in search of a home, and found in this township, on section 8, the long looked for location. Here they commenced to open up a farm, and here still lives the younger Mr. Barcus. his fallier dying about tlie latter part of 1888. With them c.imc Mrs. Jlary Kelly and her son Jackson, who, also, found here a home. Mrs. Kelly was called away from earth in the sum- mer of 1864 but ikcr son has continued to leside here ever since. Shortly after this, in 1864, William Stevens came here and took up a claim upon section 7, which he commenced to develop. In 1868 he gave it up and removed to Fremont County, Iowa. Lorenzo Pate, about the same time made a set llcment here but only remained sonii: two yr:\:-s. removing to Harrison County. Peter Reily settled in Sherman Township, on section 8, March 25, 1865, coining from Webster City, Hamilton Co., Iowa. He is, at the present, a resident and prominent merchant of the villnf/e of HIencoe, and one of the county's leading citizens. With .Mr. Reily came his father Patrick Reily, who died here in 1866; Alva Jones and family, who re moved to Oregon in 187!); John M-artin, who went to Kansas in 1H70; DeWitt Wilson, who emigrated to the Southern .Slates about the year l«7!l; and Orlin Wriuht. who has been a resident of the State of Washington since 1H77. Lewis Teeters came to this locality from Ohio in Febriinry. 1865 .and settle ■^••i.-. •■^•" irmn Oswego. N. Y.. and 294 MONONA COUNTY. purchased a farm on sections 5 and 7. In Octo- ber, 186H. lie removed tliitlier with his famii}", a wife and three children, and has since made his home tliere. John Glenn nia 82. riinges 1.5 and 46, and a portion of range 1 1. Hy the same order Robert Lindley and .lohii IJarcus were maut a year and a hslf, and then sold out to the present proprietor, E. J. .Severance. DEPOT. As early as 1878, the railroad placed a station here, bringing a small building on wheels from Whiting. fi>r use as a depot. In 18K4. after the company was solicited in vain for more suitable depot accomodations, William McFarlane and others got up a petition to the istate railway com- missioners, praying for their interference. The latter, on investigation, finding that there w.as busi- I ness enough to warrant the same, ordered the erec- tion of a new depot, which w.as accordingly built the same year. This is UxOO feet in size, and is a I neat and comfortable building, one of the best on ' the line of railroad. i KI>UCATI0N.VL. For some years the education of the rising gen- ; eration was confined to the usual country school, but in the summer of 1885, the present building wiis erected, I). Grant, of Onawa, being the con- tractor. The edifice is 3-1 xSU feet in size on the ground, 16 foot studding, and is surmounted with a neat cupola, in which hangs a mellow-toned bell, that calls the laggard each morning to his daily lessons. CIICKCIIKS. The Congregational Church was organized under the influence of Rev. C. N. Lyman of Onawa, in 1879, in the old Good Templ.ars' H.all, and after- ward, for a time, held services in the schoolhouse. In 1880, they erected their church edifice west of the village, which was moved to the town site at a later date. A Roman Catholic church was organized here in 1886 by Rev. Father Daly, and work on the buihl- ing in which they worship was commenced in the spring of the same year, and completed about the 1st of August following, William Marsh having charge of the work. This building is a neat one, and is 22x32 feet in size. Rev. Father Guitfin. of .Salix has charge of the church at the present writing. The first mass celebrated in the town was at the house of Peter Reily, by the Rev. Father McLaughlin, a missionary priest, in 1866. One of the industries of the town that deserves special mention, is the large ilairy and cheese fac- tory belonging to Messrs. Yeomans !■ Cary, which is located .thout three miles southeiist of the village. They carry some two to three hundred head of blooded cattle, and besiiles carrying large quantities of milk to supply the Sioux Cit}- market, maniifac turc many hundred weight of cheese per month. MAPLE TOWNSHIP, CHAPTEE XXIV. \f! YING on the north line of the county and I (©) the second from its eastern boundar3' is the ■j— ^, town of ]Mai)le. It embraces all of Con- gressional Township 85 north, range 43, and is bounded on the north by Woodbury County; on the east by Cooper Township, on the south by the town of Center, while West Fork lies on the west. Having the full thirty-six sections it contains about 23.040 acres. The surface is generally' of a rolling character, sligbtlj- more so than some of the others in the eastern part of the county, but just enough so as to need no irrigation and to properly drain off any superabundance of water. In fertility and produc- tiveness it is second to none in the connty, the soil being a rich, warm loam, of the bluff deposit or loess, and contains a large percentage of decora- posed organic matler. The Maple River, from which it derives its name, traverses its eastern portion, forming the far famed and beautiful valley that is the garden spot of Western Iowa, both for loveliness of view and agricultural wealth. This stream and several smaller atllueiits afford an ample drainage sj'stem and supph' an abundance of running water for stock purposes. The Manilla branch of the Chicago, ^lilwaukec (b St. Paul Railroad and the Maple Valley division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad traverse its tovritorv. crossing one another at the enterpris- ing village of East Mapleton which lies on section 24, of this township. The first to m.ake a settlement in the townshii) was William H. Wilsey, who came here August 1, 1855, and located on sections 14 and 23, where he pre-empted a tract of 160 acres of laud. Here he resided until the spring of 1876, when after a visit to Colorado he located in Harrison County-. Four years later he came and made his home until 1882, when he removed to Little Sioux, Harri- son County, where he is now residing. He was one of the largest land owners of the county in his day and an important factor in the [)olitical life of the count3'. He w.is the pro- prietor of the town-site of "Old Mapleton," as it is called, was its postmaster and at one time mer- chant. His son Nelson A. Wilsey. still a resident of the township, came with his father and has resided on the old homestead ever since. William McCleery, one of the prominent men of to-day, came here in September, 1855, and set- tled on some land that he had entered the previous month. Tiiis was on section 34, and on it he has resided ever since. With him came his family, among whom was Aaron McCleery now an inllii- ential farmer living on section 34, who was then a young man of sixteen years of age. Silas. .John William and Fr.ank, the other sons, are still resi- dents of this countj-. During the same j'ear Newton Mahaffy located on a piece of land on section 22, on coming to this county, and commenced to open up a farm. Shortlj- after he soM out his claim and, in company MONONA COINTV 299 with W. H. Wilsey. starleil a saw mill. In 1 H58, III' sold out nart of the State. With him to this county came Moses Sessions, his brother. The latter went to the mountains, subsequently, where he died. An old gentleman by the name of Foote settled here, also, in 1857, and lived here about two years and then removed to Guthrie County, this .State. His son Charles, "the black sheep" in the family, drifted to MonUma where he dieil suddenly. JJenjamin Davis, a carpenter by trade, located at St. (icorge in 1858, and after living there for some three or four years moved to Kstherville, Kinmet County, this State. Am:isa Hriggs came to the valley of Mapleton in 1858 and remained a resident here until 1869 or 1870, when he removed to Missouri. David French, another pioneer, came here about 1859 and put up a house in "Old Mapleton." having purchased four lots in that village. Although he entered land in Cooper Township he resided here, working for W. H. Wilsey. In 18G0 he removed to Colorado, but later returned to Iowa, and while a resident of the eastern part of 300 MOMONA COUNTY. tlie State enlisterl in the arm}- and fell a victim to the deadly bullet in 1865. Among the earl}- settlers of this portion of Mo- nona County, was Alexander J. Trego. Being in the employ of Martin &. Davis of Panora, Guthrie County, contractors for the carrying of mail through various parts of the country, he came to Mapleton to live, in June, 1859, this being the most convenient point on the route he had-given to him, viz: that from Dcnnison to Sioux City. Here he remained until the outbreak of the rebel- lion when he enlisted. About 1868, he returned here and taking up his residence has made this his home ever since. ■ About 1859, Jesse Melton, one of the earliest settlers of Center, removed across the line into what is now Maple Towr.ship. For about tiiree years he made his home in the village of Mapleton, and then removed to his farm in the south part of the town. There he resided until 1875, when he went to California. In 1860, Andrew Smith, the son of Seth Smith, made a settlement in this town on section 32, com- ing from Kennebec, where he had been living. He was farmer, gunsmith, blacksmith, surveyor and general mechanic. He married Miss Sarah Porter, and died here in the spring of 1875. Joseph Muckey made a settlement in Maple Town- ship, in the fall of 1862, on section 2-t, where his widow still lives, he dying here October 15, 1869. Calvin iSIetcalf with his family came here in 1865, and put up the first mill in the town. He remained a resident of this part of the county until December, 1888, when he paid the debt of nature. Thomas Hathaway, now living upon section 14, a native of this county, and the step-son of Mr. Met- calf, was brought here by him at the tirae of his settlement, and has been a resident ever since. AVilliam Turner, who came to this county in 1865, purchased a farm on section 6, now the Priester place, and here resided until 1868, wlien he removed to Colorado. (^uincy A. Wooster made his appearance in Ihc county in the spring of 1865, and took a claim on (iovernment land on section 6, Cooper Township. Two years later he removed to this town and settled on a t':irm on section 12, upon which he is still living. He has alwa^-s been prominently' identified with the growth and development of the county and a leader in all the political movements in the commu- nity, having been the candidate of this district sev- eral times for legislative honors, and has served as a member of the county board. John C. Priester now living on section 12. where he is engaged in farming, came to this locality in the fall of 1866, and purchased the claim of Wil- liam Turner to a homestead on that place, has lived on it ever since with the exception of a year spent in Mapleton. N. B. Butler and his family, came here in 1867, from Des Moines, and settled upon a farm on sec- tion 10. There they resided until 1883, when the father died. N. B. Butler, Jr., the previous year had removed to Clarion, Wright ^County, this State, where he is engaged in the jewelry business. Green Butler, another son, went to Oregon in 1884. About the same time William Kegge located here on section 10, where he still lives. Frank O'Niell, now of Mapleton, located in this town in 1867. M. J. P-. Jenness entered a homestead on a part of section 6, in 1868, and resided upon it until 1880, when the farm was bought b3^ Frank Hills, when lie removed to Smithland and assists his son in getting up the newspaper at that point. John Marsh, now a resident of the township came to this locality' in 1870, and commenced opening up a farm and improving it on section 18. About the same time D. R. Frary made a settle- nent on the same section. He was engaged here in the cultivation of the soil until some four or five vears ago when he removed from the county. Simon K. Lewis, a veteran of the late war, and a resident of the town at the present located here the same }'ear. Charles H. Simmons came to Monona County in the early spring of 1871, and settled on the farm on section 14, where he now lives. He has been connected with the mercantile circles of Old Maple- ton and the present village and filled the office of postmaster from 1874 until the close of 1881. Joseph Earnst put in an appearance in this town MONONA CULNTV 301 for tlie lirst lime, Scpleniber, I, lH71,an(l is now living on section I. .Joseph I'lil, still a resident of tiie town located therein about the same time. In April. IS72, Iliram llollister took a home- stead on the east half of the southeast quarter of section 18, whore he lived for several jears. In 187G he sold out and removed to Woodbury County, but in March, 1871), returned and here died November 4, 188(5. Casper Uhl cast in his lot with the citizens of .M:i|)le, in March, 1872, and locating on section 8. remained here until taken away by death, Decern- ; ber 1, 1886, He was a native of German}- who had | come to this country a few years previous, and was a highly respected member of the community. L. .1, Tisilale came to Monona County in the spring of 1874, and lived here for a short time wlien he went to Kansas. Two years later ho re- turned here and i)urcli.ised a farm in comp.anj- with his brother, 'Wiliiara E., on section 26, upon wliich he is still living-. S. K. l$Iadcs, now residing in the township came here and took up his residence in 187.T, anil has folio well farming ever since. Allen Clingenpeel, who two years before had lo- cated in Cooper Township, came to Maple in 187G, and settled on section 2G, where he lived un- til 1881. In the summer of the latter year he re- moved to Danbury, Woodbury Count}-, where he still lives. With him came his son .Tohn, now the owner of the Mapleton gristmill. George Clin- genpeel. another son, now- living on section .3.5, settled in this town two years before his father came here. He has spent some j-ears in Nebraska but returned here in 1889. Frederick W. Kliuore came to this townshiji in 1878, and has here made his home ever since. Frank L. Hills purchased the Jenness land on section 6, and located there in 1880. Ezra DeWolf and John C. Nolen both m.ade settlements in the town in the year 18iS2, and are still residents. Soren .leiisen, another well-known citizen of the township located here, on the farm where he now lives in the fall of 1882. He had been in (he county since the spring of 1879, and li.nd been liv- ing in Center Township. Abijah Lamb came to JIaple Township in 1882, and took up his residence and is here still. Clar- ence L. Chapman dates his settlement from the same year. .Sidney .S. .Scott located where he now lives about the same time. EDUCATIONAL. The first school meeting of district No. 1 , was held .lanuary 9, 1 858. This was a special session and T. D. Kellogg was appointed Chairman and James A. Scott, Secretary, and the business of elect- ing the otiicers of the new school district com- menced. William II. Wilsey was chosen President; J. A. Scott, Secretary; and David Harris, Treas- urer. At the same time it was voted to levy a tax of one per cent, on all property in the district for the purpose of building a schoolhouse. A school was taught previous to the building of this struc- ture, in the summer of 1858, in a small cabin at St. George, by Miss Martha Foote. The next term was taught [by Sliss Sarah Porter, at the house of J. C. Melton, at Mapleton, in the summer of 1859. The next school in the township was conducted by Amasa Hriggs, in the winter of 1858-59, in a log cabin that stood on section 1 4. The attend- ance of scholars w.as quite large. The district w.ts at that time unorganized, but became afterwards district No. 1. The first schoolhouse in the above district was erected on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 14. in the summer of 1859. It was a frame building, 16x24 feet in size, and was l)Ut up by W. H. Wilsey out of native lumber. That gentleman drew the logs to Smithland where he had them sawed into plank, boards, studding, siding and flooring and put up a good, substantial building, for which he received $215. This was used for educational purposes until the following winter when it was .accidenUilly destroyed by fire. The first term of school herein w.as taught by 1 Aniasa Briggs, but w.is not finisheSui)ervisor. The latter was also the first Supervisor on the county- board from this town after its organization. In April. 1866, on a new subdivision of the county, town 85. ranges 42 and 43, was reorgan- >rO\<)NA fUl NTV. 303 izcfl ns Maple Township, anil so rcmaiiu-cl until .lune 3, 1879, when town 8."), ranije 42. was sepa- ratetl from it and formed into the present town of Cooper. MAl'I.ETOX. •■Old ^fapleton." as it is usually called to dis- tihiruish it from its younger and more successful rival, was laid out in 18.57 by W. II. Wilsey, with the hope that it nii^ht become a town of consider- able size. The situation was most eligible and beautiful, and everything w.as in its favor, but the stringent times consequent upon the financial crisis of 1857 and the Civil War. nipped it in the bud. Ilefore it could rise again tlie railroads came into the western part of the county and until there was one located and built in the eastern portion, no vill.age there would grow up. and when the Maple Valley branch of the Northwestern Hailroad located its de|)ot where Kast Mapleton is now situ- ated, the older village was doomed. The pioneer store was opened in 18C6 by Ira Trice, who put in a small stock of dry-goods, il rugs and groceries in his house, on section 14, and I'ar- riod on the business at that point until 181)8, when he removed the stock to .Smithland. From that time until the spring of 1870 there was nothing in the way of a mercantile establishment here, but on the latter date H. L. Ingles i)Ut a stock of goods into a log building on the hill and again was the store opened for business.. After three years he closed out the business and is now a resident of Coo|K'r Township whither he removed. In the fall of 1874 W. II. Wilsey and L. H. .Monroe put in a stock of general merchandise and carried on the business for about two years. At the end of that time Mr. Wilsej' sold out his interest to C. 11. Simmons, and the new firm of Monroe and Sim- mons ran the store about a year when another change took place. Mr. Wilsey purch.nsing the in- terest of Mr. Monroe. Under the lirm name and style of Wilsey iV Simmons, the business was con- fined \inlil the summer of 1877. during which N. A. Wilsey liought out W. II. Wilsey. and carried on the store until the fall of the same year when they removed the stock to Mapleton. The pioneer hlacksniitli was .1. K. Baxter, who carried on the business in the old shanty whore the school was taught, commencing in 18(58. He was succeeded by Levi .Monroe, and he by Charles Penn. Later on Mr. Monroe again car- ried it on, and in 1877 removed it to Mapleton, .sell- ing the building to N. A. Wilsey who uses it as a barn,[^having moved it to his place. A brickyard was opened in 1859 by .lames A. Scott, who was succeeded l)y .lolin Holiday. Isaac Hillings, David Beck and .John B. Webb were each engaged in the same business at a later date, the lat- ter making the brick of which the Methodist Church at Kast Mapleton is constructed. The business was afterwards conducted by L. II. Monroe and N. A. Wilsey. and these gentlemen burned the brick of which the Mapleton bank building is built. N. A. Tyler was another who ran the business and at various times quite an extensive manfacture wa? carried on. The business is now in the hands of William Karlcwine. Mapleton post-utlice was established in 1857 with Bushrod Warren .as Postmaster. That gentle- man belli the position, having the ollk-e at his resi- dence on section 14, until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1864. He w.as succeeded by .lames A. Scott. On the latter leaving in the spring of 18C6 the ollice was carried on for a time by his l of the same Ijeing filed for record upon the 27th of that month. About the same time a store building was erected and a stock of gooils opened therein by George JIassett, a relative of the town proprietor. In .June. 1858, a cyclone tore the buildifig to pieces and scattered the goods all over ten miles of country. However, the store was rebuilt and business resumed, but on the expiration of the in- 304 MONONA COUNTY. cipient village tlie stock was closed out by Mr. Massett, who removed from this vicinity. This was the onij- business in the place, except tiie car- penter shop of Benjamin Davis. September 4, 1865, by deed the town plat of St. George was vacated by the owner, W. H. AVilsey, and its site turned into a cornfield. The store building was hauled awaj- bj' tj. A. AVooster. to his place in Cooper Township about 1865, and there stood until 1884. when it was destroyed by fire. QOOfEfi TOWNSHIP, CHAPTER XXV. if? VIXC; ill the extreme northeastern corner of Monona County lies the civil subfHvision known as Cooper Township. It is boun, 7 and 18, on a diagonal line, but there is no station within its limits, the country being, for the most part, tribu- tary to Ma|)lcton and Ute. Samuel lleisler made a settlement on the south- west quarter of section 18, this township, in the fall of l8o(>, and since that time has been a constant resident and one fully identified with its growth and development. In October, of the same year, William L. Ring made his appearance in this section of the county, and on the 10th of that month located on section ti, where he pre-empte. wliere lie made his lioniu nntil 1887. lie tlieu removed to the vina^re of Maplelon, in which place lie has continned to make his home ever since. .1. H. lK)iuan. now residing on the southwest quarter of section 14, came to this county in Octo- ber. 1882. from Tama County, this State. He has remained here ever since, and has made here a handsome and valuable home, opening up one of th.i best farms in the township. TlIK IIUSTLISOS. The first marriage of a resident was that of Samuel Ileisler and Jliss Marj' Merrill, which l0()l< place Nov. 18, 1860. The first birth in what is now Cooper Township was that of Frank A., the son of William and Uachel Berry, who w.as born April G, 18G1. The second was that of CJeorge F.. the son of Samuel and Mary Ileisler. born November I, 18G1. The first burial within the liniit^s of what is now Cooper Township, look place .March l, 1870. when the body of William llein-y. the son of llenrv ileisler, was committed lo the earth. This wjis, probably, the first death in the township. The second burial was that of Lewis Castle, on the Cth of October, 1870. OldiAMZAllON. Cooper Township, owing to the sparsencss of its population, was one of the last in the county to be org.anized as a political subdivision of the conntv. It had been a portion of the township of .Maple for many years, but June 3, 1879. at a meeting of the board of supervisors, that body decreed that all of town 8."i. range 42, except sections 3.") and 3G. be authorized to organize as a separate civil township, which was. accordingly, done at the following gen- eral election. The two sections mentioned above, then forming a part of St. Clair, were taken from the latter and restored to Cooper by a resolulion of the boaril. .lanuary 1, 1881. ONAWA. CHAPTEK XXVI. !iHE lovely and entpiprising city that bears the above euphonious n:ime. the seat of the county government, is the largest as well as one of the oldest in Monona Count}'. In tlio thirty years of its existence the changes from the primitive condition of the land to that of a developed state have been constant and pro- gressive. While there may iiave been noth- ing really remarkable in the growtii in the past or peculiarly striking in the present, still there is much that cannot fail to be of interest to those who have been closely connected and identified with the interests of the city in all the various changes that liave marked its progress. To those who have watched its development from its inception, when Monona County was a compara- tivelv unsettled wilderness, until tiie present time, the accomplishment of so much in so short a time would seem marvelous, but it is the result of an advanced state of civilization and a higher degree of culture than ordinary that was the lot of the pioneers of this favored region. Endowed with man}' natural advantages, both of soil and location, and aided by the strong arm of enterprising luis- bandry, Monona Count}' has assumed a prominent place in the glorious sisterhood of wealthy counties tliat make up our noble young State, and Onawa. the leading town within its limits, with its many enterprising citizens, has kept pace with its im- provements and development. Onawa is situated on sections 1, .5, 8 and 9, of township 83 north, range 45 west, in the northwest- ern part of the civil township of Franklin, and is about three miles from the ^Missouri River at its nearest point, and is surrounded by the rich fann- ing land of the far-famed Missouri bottom. Three railroads connect it with the markets of the world: the Sioux City & Pacific division of the Chicago it Northwestern which passes through it north and soutli; the Carroll & Onawa branch of the same corporation and the Cherokee & Dakota division (jf the Illinois Central Railroad. It was laid out with great judgment and foresight by its founders, with beautiful wide streets, and the inhabitants have lined its highways with a large number of trees and it presents to the beholder a lovely view as it a))pcars deeply embosomed in its summer clothing of magnificent veulure. The main streets, some hundred and twenty feet in width, possess an attrac- tion for the stranger and add materially to the iiealth of the community. The city was laid out in the summer of 1857 by llio ^lonona Land Company, C. H. and B. D. IIol- brook being the surveyors, with all the streets some eighty feet wide, with tlie exception of East, West and Central Broadway and Iowa Avenue, which aie each one hundred and fifty feet wide. The jjlat w.'is filed for record October 19, 1858. The Monona Land Company was organized about this time for the purpose, to quote frtjm their pros- ])e(-'tus, "of promoting the growth of Onawa, Mo- nona County, Iowa, and establishing a ferry on the MONUXA C'orXTY. 309 Missouri River." Tlie irlicles iindor wliidi this ctmipany was incorpor.'»trany. and the principal |)la('e of doing tlie business of said comi.aiiv shall l)e al the town of Onawa. Aktki.k 2. The mininuiin capital stock of this corporation is one hundred and Iwontj'-live thous- and dollars (all jiaid in) which may he increased to diiuble that amount by a majority vote of the stockholdei-s. AuTiCLE 3. Said capital stock is divided into Iw'o hundred and fifty shares of ^oOO each. AiiTK i.i: 4. The indebtedness of this corpora- tion shall not at any one time exceed two and a half per cent, on the capital stock. AuTK LK 5. The business of this corporation shall be conducted by a board of directors, nine in nunilier. five of whon) shall be residents of Monona County, who are elected by ballot, annually on the second Monday in October; but said board shall continue in office until a new board is elected and qualified. In the election of ollicers each stock- holder shall be entitled to one vole for every share by him owned: Proviilfil. ihat no stockholder shall c!ist at any one election more than one-tenth of the whole number of the votes of the corporatism. The secretary shall jrive thirty days' notice in at least one newspaper i)ublished in the county, of the an- nual election of said board. In case of a vacancy occurrinj; in said board, the members shall proceeil to fill it by the appointment of another stockholiler as director. All oflicers shall be shareholders. Shareholders may vote by proxy: Provided, sul-U prosy be made in writinj; to the pre-^iilent of the company. Akthi.k fi. Witliin ten days after the election of a board of directois, the members shall assendjie and elect a president, secretary and treasurer. The secretary and treasurer shall not be members of the board of directors. Autici.k 7 The president and secretary shall siiiu all conveyances, assijrnnieiits and all bills of sale. They shall sijjn. and the treasurer counter- sij;n. all issues of stock. No issue, sale, conveyance or assiiinment of stock is bindinfr upon the corpor- Mtli.ii til, I ii'i'iignized jis sn^li mili-is due record is made liy the secretary in a book kept for that pur- pose. It shall be the duty of the president, or, in ills absence, the secretary, at the request of ten stockholders, made in writin|_'. to call a meeting of the stockholders of said corporation. AuTiCLE 8. The secretary shall keep a minute of all meetings of the board of directors an. 1868, this corporation shall cease to exist. Do- nations of lots will be made by the directors as the}- deem it advisal)le for the best interests of the company. The first officers of the companj^ were as follows: Charles E. Whiting, president; Leonard Sears, treasurer; Samuel S. Pearse, secretary, C. E. Whit- ing, J. S. Merrill, J. E. Morrison. M. F. Moore, Timothy Elliott, William Burton. T. H. Benton, Gouvenor Morris and E. D. V. Mason, directors. At Ihe time of the suwey there stood upon what is now lot 11, of block G5, a small log cabin, the pioneer building of Onawa, owned and occu- pied by the family of Sirs. Catherine Folck. On the 2nd of July, 18;)7, S. S. Pearse, the secretary of the Land Company, raised the framework of his dwelling house on lot C, block 49; and two days later, upon the 4th, J. E. Morrison commenced the erection of the Onawa House, the pioneer hotel of tiie town. This structure forms a part of the pres- ent edifice, lately moved by the Improvement Company to make room for the new hotel. S. S. Pearse commenced the erection of the first residence July 2, 1857, and soon iiad the bu'lding finished. He was the first Recorder of the village, one of its earliest merchants and Postmasters, and remained a resident here until about the summer pf 18(52, when he returned to Maine and later re- moved to Florida, wheie he died. With him came his brothers, Darius and Thomas Pearse. The former made his home here until 1864, when he removed away; the latter returned to Maine in a short time after settling here. Jonathan E. Morrison removed to the new vil- lage i'j the summer of 1857, from Ashton, and put up the first hotel in the place, the old Onawa House, and was proininentiv i'lentilied, as these pages will show, with the development of the county-seat. He remained here until 1864, when he moved to his farm on section 16, Franklin Township. In 1874 he returned to Onawa and made that place his home until the fall of 1887. when he went to California where he is now living. His two children, Herbert E., one of the prominent citizens of Onawa. and Mollie E., the wife of George E. Warner, are still residents of the county seat. Joseph Robinson, now a resident of Lake Town- siiip, came to the new village this same summer and worked at the carpenter's trade, beginning on the Onawa House, He remained here until 1862, when he removed to his present abode. George W, and Franklin Oliver, both carpenters bj' trade, camo here from Ashton in September, 1857, having built a house here. G. W. Oliver moved on his farm the same fall, and Franklin remained in the village until 1861, when he. too, went on the farm they still own in Franklin Town- ship. Timothy Elliott came to Monona County, in 1855, on a tour of investigation and liking the country, returned here in October, 1856, with his family, and located at Ashton. In the following spring he assisted in the organization of the Mon- ona Land Company', which laid out the town of Onawa, and to that village removed tiie same year. He has since that period been a resident of the village. With him came quite a colony to the county. James Armstrong, also, erected a small frame house on lot 1, block 77, during the summer of 1857, which he shortly- after disposed of to Mrs, Louisa Dimmick. Mr. Armstrong, then erected another residence and has rem.iined a citizen of the •, illagc ever since. The other settlers that came in at once com- menced the erection of dwelling-houses, and the noise of the saw, hammer and plane was the pro- vailing sound in the little vill.age that had sprung II |) as if by magi(^ Of the (ll)rook located at Onawa in MONONA (orXIV. 311 the spring of 1857, liel ping to organize the Monona Land C'ouipiiny, and were awarded ilie eonlract for lilt surveying of tiie village and platting the same. They have been identitied with its growth since that time, and are among its leading citizens, as ^hown further on in these pages. Alfred Ilanscom settled in the young village in I."<.'i7. He had been in the county the previous year, but returned to Illinois, to again come back as noted. He remained here two years, and then removed to Lake Township, and died a resident of the county. 'I'lie other settlers of the year 1857 were the fol- lowing named: A. R. Wright, who taught the lirst school; Walt^M- Stark, still a resident of the village; James Roberts, who left here in 185it for Pike's I'eak, but now resides in Harrison County ; George, .lames and Charles Atkins; Fred W. Snow, now of Omaha; C. G. Stutzraan, who after living here until the spring of 1859 went to California, and from there to his home in Pennsylvania; Addison Dimmick, who removed back to Pennsylvania in IHCI, and after serving a year in the army returned and settled near Belvidere; E. R. Pierce, acarpen- ter now living in Warren. Pa.; Thomas Cross, a larpenter; K. W. llolbrook, who cami; in October and is now living in Onawa; A. G. Hurst, who had settled in Ashton in 1S56; George T. Co.x, a carpenter; W. C. Dicke}', one of the original pro- prietors of the town site; P. C. Latimer, the first merchant of the village; William Springer, who put up one of the lirst houses, the one in which .lohn Oliver now resides; C. E. Whiting, who put up what was afterward converted into a part of the '•O. K. Hotel;" Rev. Mr. Warren and his son, Henry C; Francis C. Brooks, who moved aw.ay the next year; George Harris and Samuel Roweii. The latter two put up a part of the liuilding in which .Judge Oliver now resides. Among the first settlers in the new village was William lUirton. who came in the spring of 1858. He had built, at Ashton, the first frame house that was lathed and plastered in the county, in fact the first on the button) above Council Rlnffs. This he removed to this town on ctiming here. The oliill there, engaged iu mercantile pursuits. C<. W. McMillan, one of the resident lawyers of farm the iilaee, also dates his settlement this year. With him came also .). livaus, an attorney. .lames C. I'ike came here iu September, 1870, and has been in the butchering business in the place I ver since. William C. Marr setlled in Onnwa in .Inly, 1870, and has lieen an .active business man of the city from tliat date. (Jeorgfc K. Norton also came U< the county the -ime year. Willi;im (J. Wood located here in 1871. and li:is since that lime been identified with the business history of Onawa. Maiden 1$. Pullen, a carpenter and undertaker, I tied at Onawa in this year, coming from Omaha, .Ni-b. In 1.S71 Hev. Charles N. L3'mancame to Onawa, and has remained p.astor of the Congregational Cliiircli to this date. Henjamin V. Ross, the present .Superintendent of County Schools, located in this cit}' iu March, 1-^71. .lolin Cleghorn. one^'f the pioneers of Ihecount}-, ' line here from Ashlon. the same year, and entered into business. He is still a resident of the city. In 1H72 Dudley H. Kenyon came here and lo- rated, entering the business circles of the place, and made this his home until his tieatli. which ociiirred Octciber o, 1889. The iiaine year wit- iii'.-r^fd the arrival of J. II. .Mm r, wli.t has plii'd at : e forge there ever since. I'll ly Allen, a carpenter, worked al hia traile in the villajfe for two years, coming here the same year. Frank Hawkins cast in his lot with the citizens of Onawa in October, 1871, and has remained there ever since. I William .1. liva, a present dweller in Onawa. I made his appearance there in IJecember, 187(1. .lames R. Thurston also l(Katearents in 185(). He remained engaged in farming until 1878, when he moved into town, since which time he has there been engaged in business. Among those who made settlements in the city in 1879, and are now still residents therein, are: Seth A. Howard, John IJrandin. (J. M. Chick and .lolin K. Harris. Among those who located in Oii.iwa in lM«-2. were L. I). Bearce and others. Dr. II. A. Wheeler came to Onawa in 1883, although he had been in the county previously, and engaged in the practice of medicine. Here he has remained ever since. Pendleton Hubbard came t > Onawa in 1881. and engaged in the |iractice of law, which he still follows. William F. .Moore located in this his future home in .Iiily. 188."i. and is engaged in blacksmith- ing. Isaac Freeland located in the city in 18.sC, com- ing here from .Sherman Tuirnsliip. wheie he had been engaged in farming. A. W. Mann, one of the druggists of Onawa, tirst located here in March. 1886. (.'Imrles E. Underhill. the present County Attor- ney, located in Onawa in 1887. Others that located here during the yiar 1x87. were George W. Cook and Kugcne E. Egli. Dr. S. D. Angle came to Onawa and settUil m 314 MONONA COUNTY. 1888, liaving lived for a short time previously at Blencoe. Rev. Ira B. Kilboiirn came to tlie pbice in Octo- ber, 1888, and has liad charge of the Methodist Churcli there since. Anioiiy those who located in the city this same year, may be mentioned: Charles W. Cope, D.D.S.; Charles H. Huntington. COUNTY SEAT. In the spring of 1858jthe question of relocation of the county seat beeamethe leading topic of in- terest. Efforts were put forth by both the friends of Onawa and those of Ashton, the one to obtain, the other to hold, the"coveted distinction of being the county seat. After considerable discussion, jiro and con, on the 1st of March, 1858, a jjetition was presented to the county court by Addison Uimmick, which bore the signatures of J. B. Gard and others, and was sworn to by W. L. Phillips, praying for an order submitting to the qualified electors of the county the question of the location of the seat of justice of the count}' at Onawa. At the same time Isaac Ashton presented a remon- strance against the submission of the question of relocation, which bore the names of George R. Out- house and others. On reviewing the matter, C. E. Whiting, then County .Tudge, ordered that the fol- lowing notice be published in the Western Nucleus and Democratic Echo, published at Preparation, the onl,v journal in the county at thitt time, fr(nn whose columns it is copied : " Notice is hereby given that a special election will be held in the several election precincts of Monona County, iowa, on the first Mond.ay in April next, for the relocaticjn of ihe county-seat at Onawa. in said county. The ballot to read: 'For the countj'-seat at Onawa,' or "For the county seat at Ashton.' "C. E. Whiting, County Judge. '•CouxTT Judge's Office, ) "Ashton, March 1, 1858." f In the columns of the same paper, of the same date, appears tiic following notice, showing that the county otticera were not united on their views upon llie subject: •'Mr. Editor: In maiiing a record of the follow- ing named petiiion and remonstrance 1 wanted to set forth on the record the number of names at- tached to each, but tlie judge refused to liave it so set forth. "I hereby certify that there were 109 names, all told, on the petition presented to the County Judge of Monona County, praying for the relocation of the county -seat at Onawa, and I further certify that there was 1.39 names on the remonstrance against said petition presented to the County Judge of Monona County. "(Signed) H. J. Hawlev, "Clerk of Monona County.'' Considerable excitement was produced and some bad feeling engendered during the campaign, in the short time previous to the actual movement, but this proved but evanescent, disappearing after a few vears. On the .'ith of April, 1858. w.is held the mo- mentous election that carried the county seat to the new village, and which decided tlie question for man}' j'ears. At that time there were cast 229 ballots, 130 of which were in favor of the remov.al of the county- seat to Onawa, and 99 -in favor of its retention at Ashton. and upon the 8th of the same month, in an official canvass of the votes, the County Judge, C. E. Whiting declared the seat of justice for the county to be at Onawa, and ordered the removal of the records, etc., to that place, which was done. At the meeting of the court, held on the 1st of .September following, a movement was placed on foot to again remove the countyseat, and a peti- tion was presented by N. G. Wyatt for the submis- sion of the question of transferring the seat of gov- ernment of the county to Belvidere. but the judge gave an adverse decision to the matter, and it was dropped for the time being. A movement to the same purpose in 18G1 had more success at first, be- ing submitted to the vote of the people of the count}- as to their desire to move the seat of justice to Belvidere, but the motion was defeated by a majorit}' of 15, out of a total vole of 223. In 1862 a like attempt to remove it to Areola was de- feated at the polls by a vote of 1 23 to 1 00. At a meet- ing of the board of county supervisors, held June 6, 1889, a petition was presented to that body pray- ing for the submission to the people of the count}' of the relocation of the county seat at East Mapleton, MONONA COUNTY. SI5 .■loompanied lij- a bond of a niiraber of that vil- hige's Icadiiig citizens to pay to tiie county the sum of 125,00(1 ill case that the seat of government of I ho county was located at lliat point. The hoard ordered tiie election to be helil at the lime of the general election in November, 1889, to decide the (lucslion. Tlie citizens of Onawa, ever awake to their own interests, raised a fund of ^12,500, placing a certificate of deposit for the same in the hands of the auditor, to be given toward the erec- tion of a new court-house provided the countv scat H witnessed the establishment of the real estate, loan, conveyancing and abstr.act ollice of Ilolbrook it Bro.. a firm composed of Charles II. and Bernard 1). Ilolbrook. This bus- iness they have carried on ever since, their bank growing out of it in 1865. In the month of April, 1858. Kichard Slcbbin.':, a physician of culture, came to the infant villajie and putting up a small building on the site of the building now occupied by .lames Armstrong, opened llie pioneer drug store and commenced the prjicticc of medicine. His store was burned to the ground in the spring of 1865. and he purchased another building and removed it to his lot. in wliich he carried on his business until December, 316 MONONA COUNTY. 1S78. He then erected a handsome brick structure into which he removed. There he remained until 1885, when he sold out to Joseph -Jennings, although he still continues to own the building. Mr. Jennings carried on the business for two 3-ears but in 1887 disposed of it to Wheeler & Egli, who are the present representatives of the business. The pioneer blacksmith-shop in the J'oiing village was put up and run by John St^uthers, who had moved hither in the summer of 1858, from the j village of Ashton, where he had been engaged in a like business. He was one of the well known char- acters of his daj' and was depended upon to furnish the music when "'ye pioneer fathers and mothers" indulged in the dance. A wagon shop was eslab- lished in 1860, by N. A. Whiting, the first of its kind in the village or count}\ Wliiting (k Bro., a firm composed of Charles E. and Newell A. Whiting, opened a general mer- chandise store in 1858. which they sold out to Charles Atkins in 1862, after carrying on the bus- iness until that time. John Elwell opened a variety store in the village in 1859, selling a stock of goods belonging to Kirk & Sawyer, of Sioux City, at first, soon purchasing the interest of those parties, with the money made out of his commissions, and carried on the business for many years, in fact until his death, which took place August 16, 1883. His establishment known as the "Beehive," was one of the landmarks of the village. S. S. Pearse, on receiving the appointment as Postmaster at Onawa, opened a small store which he carried on until leaving this locality. J. A. Scott opened a brickyard at Onawa in 1860, and burned the brick with which tlie old schoolhouse was built. The next addition to the mercantile circles of tlie place was the well known. "Headquarters' .Store" of Charles Atkins, which commence3, and has been carried on by hini ever since. The hardware firm of C'leghorn it Klude w.is es- lablished in April, 1881). John Clei^horn and C. W. Khide composing the firm. McCaskey, Walker ife Co.. engaged in the gen- eral merchandise trade in March, 1867. The (irui was composed of those well known-gentlemen, .loliu K. McCuske}-, James Walker and J. S. Maugh- lin. The first named sold out his interest in 18Gi). on his election to the ofHce of County Auditor, to J. S. Maughlin. .Shortly after the firm was further slrenglhened by the admission of W. L. Holmes jiiid the business from th.it time was carried on under the firm name and style of Walker, Holmes A- Co. In 1874 S. L. (irow was added to the firm. In l.s7."i .Mr. Walker disposed of his interest to his partners and the firm assumed its present title. Holmes &■ Co. In 1873 J. K. McC'a.skey h.ad .again become a member of the firm, and in 1877 Mr. .Maughlin dnjpped out, and in 1881 Jlr. Grow re- tired from the firm and C. W. Willey became a member of the firm since 1882. The firm of Warner A Freeland. comi)osed of George K. Warner and M. A. Freeland, commenced business in the spring of 1867 and handled geuernl merchan, when he closed out the stock and wound up the business. In 18t;ft Ivzra Mason established a drug store in a small building now occupied as a restaurant, west (if the post-office, where he carried on business for several months, when baring erected the building now occupied by A. W. Mann, he removed thither. He .sold out to Dr. J. JJutts in 1873, who remained in the business until 1877, when he disposed of the stock and fixtures to R. -Stebbins. his competitor, who sold it to John .Somers in 187!i. In 1881 the latter gentleman sold out to Daniel Handel who continued to carry it on until .March 14, 1886, when it was purchased by the present proprietor. A. W. .Mann. About the year 1868, George Davis, now of Washington, established a furniture store in Onawa. which some years after he sold to Giddings A- Stearns. The latter gentlemen erected a building into which he removed the stock, where it is at the present writing. Mr. Giddings disposed of the business to John Brandin in February, 1879. and it has been under the control of that individual ever since. This was the pioneer store in this line and is the onl3- one in the city at the present. The boot and shoe establishment of George Un- derbill wa.s instituted by that gentleman in 1870, and has been under his control ever since. The firm of C. W. Perkins & Co., dealers in books, stationery, fancy goods and confectionery, w.as formed in the spring of 1874, and opened up business in a portion of the Klliolt building. In the summer of 1877 they erected the substantial brick structure now occupied by them, into which they removed that fall. The grocery house of J. R. Thurston !iiiv <|uil Inisiiu'ss. " 'riic Man- Novelty Works, one of the instiliitions of Onana. was established in 188:5 l>y William C. Marr, in a Iniihling on lot 10. block 122. The },'enlleinan in quwlion and his son, Nahiini, engagi'. Kcssenden oiiened a brickyard here in l"nl none is nioix- ilistinct than the first liroprielor and landlord of tli3 famous olil Onawa IIous(>, J. K. Morrison, whose enterprise and faith in the future destiny of the town led him to erect, in 18.')7, what for that period was a most commo- dious and expensive building'. Onaw.i was in em- bryo then. The substantial walls of the hotel, with its well painted exterior, was a most conspicuous olijoct in the wide landscape of waving prairie- grass, towering aloft in almost solitary gran»tage Company's mail-coach pulled u]) at early candle- light alongside the spacious platform in front of the hotel. The faces of the emerging passengers were scanned with a view to a chance of extracting some news of the outside world. A little gossip witli a stranger was a godsend. The Onawa House was in its greatest glory, however, during court week. It was the rendezvous of town and county. Couit week was a gala time for everybody. People swarmeil in and around the hotel, filling every cranny. A bed on the floor was at a i)remium. Grave judges, jostled with jovial grangers clad in homespun. .Sharp lawyers from Council Bluffs and .Sioux City enveloped themselves in tobacco smoke, cracked venerable jukes and tobl stories for the amusement of their clients. Sheriff, jurymen, prisoners and witnesses hobnt^bbed together in the most free and vnsy nian- ner in the ollice, hall and parlor. The resources of the establishment were severely tried. A pio- neer appetite was not to be trilleil with, but .Mr. Morrison never allowed short rations in his house and the host of liungiy nicn (lut solid food where it would do the most good. " A supper and ball, December -21, lS(iO, brought out the beauty and the chivalry of the count3'. No tickets were issued, and consequently everybody was considered invited to attend and keep step to the violin. The power behind the throne, Mrs. Morrison, .iltcuded to the cooking, and the old set- tlers know the significance of that fact. AVell cooked, tender fat turkeys were a prominent feature of that feast. But I must cease my babbling; the light of other days is extinguished, the mirth of old has ceased. The baom of public improvement has come to sweep away the mute witness of event-s in Onawa for the past thirty- two years. Farewell, old Onawa House. '• The Cottonwood grove which a few years ago stood north of the hotel, was a spontaneous growth from seed brought on the ground by a heavy wind storm which occurred in August, 18.j8. " In August, 1862, a strong straight wind blew the hotel off its foundation ami about two feet to the southeast." The hotel now known .as the Spencer House has had a varied experience. A portion of it was built as a residence on the block on which the schoolhouse now stands in 1857, by the County .ludge, Charles K. Whiting, who made it his home for sever.al years. In the same dwelling afterward in turn lived the families of Charles Atkins, .lames Armstrong, Charles II. Hoi brook, and K. D. Dimmick. the latter of whom bought it. In 186:5, Abel .Smith purchased the building, and making some additions to it and opened it .as a hotel under the name of the "O. K. House." He con- tinued to carry it on until December, 1866. when it w.as purchased by .lolin A. Hittle, who changed the name to that of the Western House, and re- mained its landlord "until 1861). In the latter year he disposed of it to T. C. Walton, who removed it to the location it 'now occupies and enlarged it, giving it the name of the Walton House, ai,d a. by W. A. Greene, who had been running the Whiting SeiUintl. The \\\<< \-~-~ii.- ..f iIm. p-ip^r was 35 1 MONONA COUNTY. a bright nml clever spcciincu of tvpograpliic art, and well editcfl. Mr. Greene continued in the sole management of the journal until the 1st of Jan- uary, 1887, when lie associated with himself John IT. Jones, and the present firm of Greene & Jones came into existence. On its institution the paper was issued as a six-column folio, but shortly after- ward it was changed to the form it now has, that of a folio of the same size. It is interesting to note the growth of this office in the short time of its existence, Mr. Greene starting with but material enough to print one page, and a cheap Army press, and at the present the office is as well equipped as the majority of weekly papers, with a good press and full amount of type and material, besides the usual outfit for all classes of job work. The editorial columns are such as the public ex- pect to receive at the hands of such a veteran journalist as Mr. Greene, while the local department shows the raciness and spice of the junior editor, whose initiation into the -'art [)reservative" is of a later date. EDUCATION' .\L. On the sterile shores of ^lassacluissetts, the stern and rigid Puritan planted the first seeds of a grand system of educational facilities, and their descend- ants brought to the Great West with them sli|)s from the ancient tree. Manj- of the i)ionecrs of this county were New Englanders, or of New Eng- land ancestry, and true to their early training their first thoughts were given to the institution of the common or public school. Scarce was the village laid out when the attention of the community turned in that direction, and during the winter of 1857-8 A. R. \Yright taught a sdiool in a frame building that had been erected on the site now occupied by the shoe store of E. E. Bakke, on Iowa Avenue. The following year the school was held in the frame dwelling-house erected by Mrs. Catherine Folck on her lot. In 1860, the quarters having grown too circum- scrilicd in accommodation for the luinilier of pupils, a une-stor3^ brick building was erected, wliieh was 2HxiJ() feet in -size (wliieh is now a part of the resi- dence of James Thurston), in which Tiniotliy El- liott was the first teacher. This building oontiniu'd in use until the completion of the present handsome edifice on West Broadway, in 1874. From the settlement of Onawa until 1868, it had been a sub-district of the Franklin Township Dis- trict, but in that j'ear it was separated from the latter by a vote of the people, and made an inde- pendent district. The organization was effected February, 22, 1868, and the first board of edu- cation chosen consisted of the following named: Charles Atkins. President; James Armstrong, Vice- President; F. W. Snow, Secretary- ; N. A. Whiting, Treasurer; and K. G. Fairchild, L. D. Kittle, and J. E. Selleck, Directors. In 1872 the board submitted to the qualified electors the question of issuing the bonds of the district in the sum of §9,000, to help pay for the erection of a more commodious and proper school building. Upon the election, which took place on the 20th of May, of that year, there were sixty-five votes cast, only six of which were against the issuance of the bonds. Accordingly J. S. Maugh- lin, who was then President of the board, and S. B. M.xrtin, its SecretaiT, published a proposal for bids in .accordance with specifications and plan which had been prepared by W. Angelo Powell, an archi- tect of St. Joseph, Mo. The bids not proving satisfactory they were rejected, .and the whole rmit- ter Laid over for another year. In January, 1873, a contract for the erection of the school building was awarded to M. B. Pullen, of Onawa, who agreed to finish the same that fall, for $16,000. but circumst.ances rendered it im- possible to fulfill the contract at the given time, the board extended the same, and the structure was not completed until the fall of 1874. The edifice is of brick manufactured near Onawa. by the contractor, and stands on a block bought several years previous of Abel Smith, for the pur- pose, and faces to the east. The size of the main building is 72x40 feet on the ground, the L being 41x44 feet. The first or basement story is nine feet in height; the second, third and mansard stories each fourteen feet. In the main building there are four rooms, two each on the second and third floors, respectively 2.tx.'57 feet in size; two rooms in the L, and one in the third story under the lower, and a larffo hall room in the third story J MONONA COUNTY. 325 of the annex make up the complement of rooms. Tlu' iiisiile t)f tlie biiildini; is ffenorally wainseotod Willi a.sli, wliicli is well finislicfl and varnished. From the top of the buildini; rises a handsome cnpola, in tiie front of liie main structure, which is twenty -seven feet above the top of the mansard roof, or eighty-seven feet from the bottom of the basement. The style of arcliitecture is a modern- ized specimen of the French- Henaissaiice or man- sard order; the mansard roof rising- from a plain base to a rounded lop. witli oriinmcnlal rail u|)on the crest. The sides of tiie cupola and roof are covered with octagon-shaped shingles, painted stone color. The trimmings of the building are generally of a smooth, light stone. All the brick, wainscoting, moulding and other machine work, was done in tliis city, the latter items by the Onawa Manufacturing Companj', of which the contractor was a member. The brick work was done under the immediate supervision of A. Nichols, of Onawa. There were used in the construction of llic building some 800.000 bricks, (00 barrels of lime, 5 carloads of pine lumber, and ".").000 feet of Cottonwood lumber. Owing to many changes made in the plan from the original con- ception, the buil-iing cost (vhen finished about ^20,000. and is one of the finest in the State, one, as was said at the time of iis completion, "that any city of 10,000 inhabitants might feel proud of." In regard to the bell that hangs in the turret, therein lies quite a history, that is in place in this connec- tion. In the year 1860. "The Onawa Educational Sew- ing Society," embracing a number of the most active anil publif-spirilcd ladies of the incipient city, resolved to de^'ote from their treasury funds sullicient to purchase a bell for the use of the town. Making this liberal offer to the city council they received the following reply: Common Council, Onawa, July 9, 1860. "To the Onawa Kducational Sewing .Society: — At a meeting of the common council of Onawa, held last evening, it was voted to accept the bell so kindly presented by you (through your secretary) to the town of Onawa, as a school bell. Trusting that the hilmrs l.'.IO. was duly accepted. Iiut the firm still fur- ther reduced Iheir figure to ¥l():3,00. which sum w.as sent them. During the month of June the bell arrived via St. Louis, and W!is hung in a temporary belfry in the center of the block west of the court- house. While there it was rung regularly every d.ay. by S. S. Pearse, the Recorder, who volun- teered for the duty, at seven in the morning ami nine at night. This was the first bell brought into the county, and its arrival among the little band of citizens that then made up the city of Onawa, was cele- brated with great rejoicing and festivities. Late jn the fall of 1860 the bell was removed to the then new schoolhouse, where it continued t^j hang, calling the tardy steps of the laggard to hasten school ward, until 1874, when it was removed to its present quarters in the handsome new building put up for educational i)urposes that year. The teachers in the old building for five years pre- vious to the removal into the new one, were presided over by S. B. Martin, as Princi|)al; and consisted of Miss Kva Wliiling and Miss Annie Elliott. At the expiration of that time, and on going into the new house, Mr. Marlin resigned, nor could he be induced to accept another eng.igcmont as teacher, so the board remodeled the faculty of the school. Prof. C. U. (i. Fry was appointed Principal, and Misses Eva M. Whiting and E. Fletcher, Assistants. The present f.iculty is composed of the following individuals, all of whom have an acknowledged place in the world of education; Prof. Oye. Su- perintendent and Principal; Miss Nora JI. Barn- ard, Assistant Principal; ;ind Misses Maud E. Oliver. Minnie .Mumniey, Ilallie llolbinok, Emily Fletcher, Flora ^. .Maughlin and Eva Kendall. iti;i.i"iii>rs sociKTiKs. The t'ongregational Cimirli smiiiv \\.'l> organ- 326 IMONONA COUNTY. ized June 27, 1858 by Rev. G. G. Rice, now of Council Bluffs, Iowa, with the following members: A. R. Wright, Mrs. E. S. Wright, Mrs. Louisa Dimmick, Mrs. Caroline Phillips, Mrs. Julia P. Merrill, George G. Rice and ^Irs. M. C. Rice. In October of the same year David and James Mc- Wdliams and their wives, Walter Stark and his wife united with the church as did Mrs. P. J. Weeks and Charles Cleghorn and wife, in February, 1859. Mr. Rice became the first pastor of the infant ciiurcii which held its meetings in the court-house and .idministered spiritual consolation to this flock until the spring of 1859. He was an excellent man and did much good work in the community. The first officers of the church were elected in April 1859 and were the following named: Walter Stark, .Secretary and Treasurer, and Charles Cleghorn, Walter .Stark and A. R. Wright, Trustees. On the 18th of April, 1859, Mr. Rice asked for and re- ceived his dismissal from the church, and from th.at date until 1866, there appears to have been no regular pastor, services being occasionally held by Revs. Tingley of Sioux City, and Reuben Gaylord, Home Missionary of Omaha, Neb. On May 13, 1866, Rev. George L. Woodhull preached to this congregation for the first time, and receiving a call to the pastorate, accepted its duties. Under his influence the movement toward erecting a suitable church edifice began in the early part of his ministr3'. With rare energy and self- sacrifice, this gifted gentleman went into the woods and got out most of the timbers and drew them to the ground with his own team and when work was commenced on the structure took off his coat and assisted the carpenters every day, he having a knowledge of the craft. But delicate health could not stand the strain and ere the building was en- tirely finished this truly Christian gentleman was called from his labors on earth to his reward, pass- ing to his heavenly home October 1, 1870, at the early age of twenty-eight years. The churcii ed- ifice was finished and dedicated in December, 1870. at a cost of SG,000, and is the monument and memorial of its truly God-serving piojector, and tlie matter of erecting a tablet in the church to his memory has been recently mooted, and will no doubt he carried out in the near future. On the 1st of January. 1871, the present pastor of the church. Rev. Charles N. Lyman assumed the ciiarge of the congregation, and has occupied ,that position continuously since. The i)resent officers of the church are W. A. Greene, H. A. Wheeler and B. D. Holbrook. Trustees; George^Underhill, Treasurer, and 3Irs. W. A. Greene, Secretary, A Sabbath-schoi)l which was originated in 1858. as a union one h.as been carried on in connection with the church ever since its foundation. The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Onawa was organized October 9, 1870. For many j-ears previous to this there had been held^class-meetings in the village but no permanent organization seems to have been effected. At the time of the forma- tion of the present church there were some twelve who allied themselves with it, the following named members: William C. Marr, Mrs. M. T. Alarr, Alexander Mummey, Mrs. LucindaMumme3-, Mrs. Craig, Sarah M. Burton, A. P. Moore, Mrs. Ann Moore, Agnes Landsdale, J. O. Eames, Abbie Landsdale and Mrs. E. A. Kittle. For some time thej' held religious services in the schoolhouse. and in the court-house, under the pastorate of Rev. J. T. Walker. Under the inspiration of his successor, Rev. L. IL Woodworth. the movement toward erecting a church edifice was commenced in the spring of 1872, and the cornerstone of that structure laid Jidy 27, 1872, the pastor being as- sisted by B. Mitchell, the presiding elder, Rev. B. F. W. Cozier and Rev. C. N. Lyman, the Con- gregational minister. Rev. A. T. Mattison, in the fall of 1872 assumed charge of the little flock, and under his administration the building was com- pleted and dedicated to the service of God, June 22,1873. The succeeding pastors of the church have been Rev. O. S. Bryan, in the fall of 1873; Rev. J. B. Starkey, in October, 1874; Revs. Joel Warner, Henry W. Jones, S. W. Owen, C. E. Chase, F. A. Burdick, J. R. Fans, F. J. McCaffree, G. M. Pendell, W. W. Cook, I. N. Kilbourne and the present pastor Rev. William Flint, who took charge of the church in October, 1889. A parsonage was erected during the incum- bency of the Rev. J. B. Starkey in the fall of 1874, but becoming old and dilapidated the congregation in 1887 i)Ut up the neat and handsome parsonage MONONA CorNTY. 327 now occupied hy tlu'ir pastor, at an expense of some * 1,400. The Onana Norwegian Lullieran Cliurcli was organized as a society- in Marcli, 1«7G, and has been in a very flourishing cordilion ever since. Among il-s most conspicuous niemliers may l)e mentioned Edward Bai^ke, Carl Moen, and other business men of llie village. The Roman Catholic Church was organized by the Kev. Father Linehan. of Sioux City, in 1872, and an effort toward the building of a church building made. Tlie latter was accomplished and is one of the neatest and prettiest church buildings of that denomination in the county. . MIXICII'.\I.. Early realizing the importance of local self- government ami the institution of law and order, almost as soon as the town was laid out a move- nuni was placed on foot to incorjiorate the rising village. On the 31st of January, 18.>9, the follow- ing petition was presented to the county court, by S. S. Pearce: '• To the Honorable County Court of Monona County, Iowa: •'The undersigned would respectfully ask to be organized into an incorporateil town to be known as Onawa, the limits of which shall be as follows: All of section 4. except one hundred acres in square form in the northwest corner; all the southeast quarter and the south eighty acres in the northeast (piarterof section 5; the northeast quarter of the norihcart qtiarter of section 8; the north half of the noilh half of section 9; the north half of the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of sec- tiiin 10; and the west half if the southwest qiiar tiT and tlie southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 3, in township 83. range 45, (being the land owned by the Monona Land Com- pany) and would authorize Addison Uimmick and R. IJ. noll>rook toai't in behalf of your petitioners, and as in iluty bound your [>etitioncrs will ever praj-, etc." To this doi-umont were ap|icnded the signatures of the following laiicl owners and business men of the village: AVilliam Burton, S. S. Pearce, H. E. Colby. E. W. Ilolbrook, Joseph Robinson. Hiram Bowen, J. E. Morrison, A. S. Dunham, C. G. Stutz-' m.in, B. D. Ilolbrook, R. G. Fairchild, George At- kins, Johnston C'leghorn, G. R. Bullington, II. W . Cole. Thomas R. Chapman, John C'leghorn, A. Dimniick, J. II. Sharon, Darius Pearce. H. J. Ilaw- ley, N. A. Whiting, A. R. Wright, T. A. Pearce. Richard Stebbins, U. W. Sampson, Thos. Cross, F. W. .Snow. Walter Stark, C. II. Ilolbrook, Charles Atkins, Addison Oliver, A. G. Hurst and George T. Cos. Under the rules, .(udge C. E. Whiting, then till- ing the ollice of County Judge, set the time for hearing on the question of incorporation for the 22nd of March. 1859. .ind on that d.iy it w;is taken up, the prayer of the |)etitioners granted and the organization or incorporation ordered. The first otlicers of the young town, chosen at that spring election, were Ricliurn, Councilmen. 1870— N. A. Whiting. .Mayor; G. W. MeMillan. Recorder; .Vies. Munimej'. AssesMir; A. T. Fessen- den, R. Stebbins. D.J. Rockwell. T. C. Walton and B. F. Pike. Councilmen. 328 MONONA COUNTY. 1877— N. A. Whiting, Mayor; G. W. McMillan. Recorder; .Vlox. Miiinraey, Assessor;. John Williams. Street Connnissioner;C'. G. Perkins, H. E. Morrison, K. Stebbins, D. J. Rockwell and George Under- bill, Couneilmen. 1878— B. D. Holbrook, Mayor; G. W. McMillan, Recorder; George Atkins, Assessor; Elijah Walker. Street Commissioner; D. J. Rockwell, C. G. Perkins, R. Stebbins, T. C. Walton and George Underhiil, Couneilmen. 1879 — H. E. Morrison, Mayor; Robert Lucas. Recorder: T. C. Walton, Assessor; Elijah Walker. Street Commissioner; T. C. Walton, John Cleghorn, D. B. Kenyon, J. C. Pike, J. R. Thurston and J. S. iMonk, Couneilmen. 1880— H. E. Morrison, Mayor; Robert Lucas, Recorder; S. F. Scars, Assessor; John Cleghorn, D. B. Kenyon. Ed. Bakke, T. C. Walton, J. R. Thur- ston and J. C. Pike, Couneilmen. 1881 — H.E. Morrison, Mayor; T. Park Moble. Re- corder, afterward J. D. Ainsworth, Recorder; M. B. PuUen, Assessor; John Cleghorn, J. C. Pike, J. R. Thurston, T. C. Walton, D. B. Kenyon. Ed. Bakke, and William Christianson, Couneilmen. 1882 — II. E. Morrison, Mayor; J. D. Ainsworth, Recorder; M. W. B.acon, Assessor; D. B. Kenyon, J. C. Pike, John Cleghorn, William Christianson, George A. Douglas and D. Handel, Couneilmen; O. P. Bishop, Marshal and Street Commissioner. 1883 — II. E. Morrison, Mayor; J. D. Ainsworth, Recorder; Mitchell Vincent and John Cleghorn, the new Trustees; and .John Biandin, Assessor. 1884— B. U. Holbrook, Mayor: George Under- bill, Recorder; George E. Warner and James AValkor, the new Trustees. 1885 — Herbert E. Morrison, Mayor; George Un- derbill, Recorder; S. A. Howard and W. W. Taylor, the new Trustees; and L. U. Kittle, Assessor. 1886 — H. E. Morrison, Mayor; George Under- liill. Recorder; C. G. Perkins and W. T. Holmes, the new Trustees; and L. D. Kittle, Assessor. 1887 — S. B. Martin, Mayor; P. K. Holbrook, Recorder; John H. Jones, L. D. Kittle and ^Y. S. Wade, new Couneilmen; and Henry Cunnnigham, Assessor. 1888— H. E. Morrison, Mayor; P. K. Holbrook, Recorder; W. W. Tavlor and S. A. Howard, the new Trustees; Henry Cunningham, Assessor and Marshal. 1889 — The present officers of the city govern- ment are the following named: Addison Oliver, Mayor; P. K. Holbrook, Recorder; S. A. Howard, W. W. Taylor. John H. Jones, W. T. Holmes, L. D. Kittle and W. J. Maughlin, members of the Council; C. H. Holbrook, Treasurer; Henry Cun- ningham, Assessor and Marshal. FIRE DEPARTMENT. In the first years of its existence the town of Onawa, in common with nearlj' all small places was without an}' organized means of extinguishing the fires that will now and then break out in a village, but depended upon the active exertions of its citi- zens. However, in the spring of 1871, the project of forming a fire companj' was agitated, and on the 19lh of April of that year Excelsior Hook and Lad- der Company, No. 1. of Onawa, was organized. The company did little but perfect their organ- ization, acting as an axe and bucket brigade until, at a meeting held at the office of Monk & Selleck, April 17, 1872, ayear after their first formation, it was resolved to purchase a hook and ladder truck, which was not to exceed in cost tiie sum of $175. To solicit the citizens of the place to help contri- bute to this worthy object, E. Merrill was appointed a committee to interview them. Just previous to this, March 26, 1872, the company bad been reg- ularly incorporated. The truck was bought anpointed for that purpose, with the fol- lowing members: Engine Company: — George Atkins, foreman; J. D. Giddings. assistant foreman; B. F. Pike. John MONONA COUNTY. 329 (Icglioiii, K. A. Cbapinan. 0. W. McMillan. M. A. Krcclanfl. .1. E. Selleck, F. W. Snow. S. B. Mar- tin, J. M. Moody. .1. S. Monk. .1. D. MeChcsncy, !>. W. Tallman and G. V. White. IIo.li' Company: — II. H. Iladloy. foreruaii; E. H. Christian and T. F. Skeedc. |)i|jtMncu; L. I). Kittle, S. 11. Bassatt. II. C. Morter and W. G. Wood. Ildok ami Ladder Company. — D. ,1. Ruckwoll, foreman; James Walker, A. Nichols. .1. C. Pike. K. Merrill, G. K. Warner, S. F. .Sears, E. Paine. Amos Iliteman. C. II. Parkins and E. S. Noble. Gcorsie I'nderhill was made chief engineer of the department at the same time, and filled that posi- tion in a most able manner for many years. The present officers of the department are the following named: Frank Hawkins. Chief Engineer; II. E. Morrison, President; .S. A. Howard. Vice- President; Engene E. Egli, Secretaiy; W. L. Hol- me*. Treasurer; .lames Drane}-, foreman Engine Company; George A. Oliver, assistant foreman; F'red Walker, foreman Hose Company, and Henry Cunningham, foreman of Hook and Ladder Com- pany. The memberslii|) of the department is about thirty-six. divided as follows: Engine Company, fourteen; Hose Companv. twelve; and Hook and Ladder Cmnpany. ten. IIUKS. In regaril to losses by lirus, the city of Onawa has not been entirely exempt from the fate of other places, although in this resiiect it has suffered less than many other towns of its size and age. Besides the usual amount of ordinary conllagrations, there have been several that arc vforth\- of mention in this connection. The first of tliese of which there is a record oix-urred on the 1th of .January, 1874, a little after six o'clock, r. ^i. The fire broke out between the large stores of Warner iV Chapman and Freeland it Cleghorn. and was from its discov- ery beyond control. In a very short space of time the dry good^ eslabli^hineiit of Warner A Chapman was wrapped in llames. making it ilillicult to save the sUjck but in spite of the blinding smoke and the lurid llames. swept forwanl by a high wind, about three-fourths of the goods in the building were car- ried into the street in a somewhat damaged condi- tion The agricultural iini)lements and house finishing lumber in the building of Freelaml A- Cleghorn, with the exception of a few plows and several bundles of s.ash, were consumed, the (lames being too fierce for men to enter the burning build- ing. The books were only s.aved through the medium of a good safe. In a little time the next building, belonging to A. G. Hurst, and occupied by Miss B. Cunningham as a millinery shop, was wrapped in the devouring element and was soon a blackened ruin. The fire department, cutting away the studding of the latter building. pulle,0liO more fell a prey to the devouring element, the loss fa!- 5.30 MONONA COUNTY. ling mostly on tlie owners, the insurance being but |i4,000. Tiie Tuesday following, the new school- bouse caught fire but the flames were extinguished before much damage was done. PIONEER LITERARY SOCIETY. In the early days of the village, the inhabitants took a larger interest in matters of culture tiian was common to towns in their pioneer days. Mat- ters relating to advancement in intellectual life met their hearty approval and co-operation. The outgrowth of this feeling led to the organization of the Onawa Litf rary Club, at a meeting held at the Onawa House, then kept by J. E. Morrison, No- vember 9, 1857, Addison Dimmick being chosen chairman of the meeting and AV. .S. Burke the secretary. To quote from the minutes: "On motion of Bruce Holbrook, it was resolved that we organize a Literary Society. •' AVhereupon S. S. Pearce, B. Holbrook and AV. S. Burke were appointed a committee to draft a constitution to be reported at the next meeting. The society next proceeded to election of officers to serve the first term. The result was as follows: President, C. H. Holbrook ; Secretary W. S. Burke ; Treasurer, Henry C. Warren. '•The question ' Women's Rights' was then dis- cussed. "The judges appointed by the president to de- cide the question gave tlieir decision in the nega- tiTe. " On motion, the following question was adopted for discussion next Thursday evening: ' Resolved That Washington deserves more praise than Co- lumbus.' Aflirmative: Burk. Elliott and Robin- son. Negative: B. Holbrook, Merrill and Warren. "H.C.Warren was authorized to secure names of all persons desiring to become members of this society. " On motion adjourned, to meet on Thursday evening at 7 o'clock." The following is a list of the original memljcrs, as given by the minute book: W. S. Burke. N! B. Holbrook. F. ('. Brooks, E. W. Holbrook, H. E. Jlorrison, A. R. Wright, J. A. Hewins, Thomas Cross, A. Dimmick, W. L. Phillips, Lyman Bul- lock, Lucy E. Baker, Darius Pearce, J. H. Hudson, C. H. Holbrook, .J. S. Merrill, Marcellas Olmstead, .7. H. Overacker, G. H. Chapman, T. Elliott. C. E. Whiting. S. S. Pearce, Martha H. Pearce, Catha- rina Allen, MoUie E. Morrison. The club met at the Onawa House twice each week for debate and the discussion of various liter- ar3' topics and items of interest. The Tfanticript, a manuscript paper, edited by the ladies of the asso- ciation was re.ad at these meetings much to the improvement and often amusement of the club. But there w.as a festive feeling manifest in the club. At the meeting held November 26, 1857, Addison Dimmick made a motion as follows: " That a direct tax of twenty-five cents be levied on each member for the purpose of getting up a Christmas supper." A committee of five was ap- pointed to make arrangements for the supper. At the meeting held November 30, it was voted to levy an additional tax of twenty-five cents on each memlier for the Chrislm.as supper. Evidently the vision of a coming feast was producing a keen ap- petite in the club, as on December 7 it was voted " that the male members of the society- pay a t.ix of *2 to defray- the expenses of the supper." On the 24th of December the supper was eaten; two tables, each fort\' feet long, were loaded down witlr luxuries. Dancing, vocal music, and whist followed the feast. A. Dimmick w.as master of ceremonies on this festive occasion. Thus merrily passed the first Christmas eve in Onawa, at the Onawa House. OLD TIME MILITIA COMPANY. In April, 1861, while the war spirit was strong throughout our distracted countr}', the proper quota of men for the active arm}' having been made up, it was proposed to raise a company of militia for defense against the Indians, and general border use. Accordingly a meeting was held at the Court House and an organization perfected, known as the Monona Union Guards, and the fol- lowing oflicers chosen: Setli Smith, of Kennebec Township, Captsiin; Addison Dimmick, of Onawa, First Lieutenant; Adam M^'ers, of Belvidere. Sec- ond Lieutenant; Joseph Robinson, of Onawa, Third Lieutenant. This company, however, does not seem to have been fairl}' organized ere it was neces- sary to reorganize it. The occasion of this was at MONONA ( ( (I \| V a nu'Ptiii;;: hold hy tlio citizens of Cliiawa for tlie purpose (if a (l;ig-pok' raising on the 18th of M:iy. I Hill. Tho pole was creeled in the center of the intersection of Central Rronrhvny and Iowa Avenue. A beautiful flag, raade liy the lailios of Onawa, was run tip. and the stars and stripes flung to the breeze, with most enthusinstic cheer? from the spectators. t)ne of the old settlers of the county in writing concerning those earl}- days has nn account of what followed, which is quoted at length lo preserve the comnients and remarks of one of the participants: •■ Immediately after <1 inner the Monona Union (inards were called out by Capt. Smith, and reor- ganized by electing the following otiicers: '•.I. A. Scott, First Lieutenant; Albert Fairchild, Second Sergeant; T-evi Smith, Third Sergeant; .1. Duncan, Fnnrtli Sergeant; Mr. Ducpper, First Cor- poral; William Hulloek, Second Corporal; .Selh Smith. .Ir.. Third Corporal; -Tolin (Juincy Adams, Fourth Cori)oral. After being drilled a short time by the captain and orderly the company was dis- missed, under orders to meet for drill in one week. As the writer participated as a private in the weekly drills M.ny, June and July, lie can truthfully say, that without arms or uniforms, the fiiiards did not make a very imposing appearance. Cai)t. .Smith however looked quite martial and very conspicuous in cocked hat and plume, swonl and gaudy uniform that had seen service in a military company in Ohio. Notwithstanding the arduous efforts of Capt. .Smith and the orderly Sergeant .Scott, and a diligent perusal of •' Hardees' Tactics" by the mem- bers, the company never became ver}' perfect in their drill. There was a lack of military' precision in their movements, almost painful to behold. Owing perhajis to the absence of any music the marching and evolutions were deficient in hariiiony of action. The Guards wiii> nniun in name but not in step." S0C1K1IE.-5. Vesper Lodge, No. 22;!, .\. F. iV A. .M.. wa.s or- ganized .September 12. 18r.7. uni,w. ■[• • 332 MONONA COUNTY. W. G. Wood, S.; S. F. Sears, S. D.; E. B. Christian, J. D.; J. E. Selleck, S. S.; James Walker, J. S. ; and B. Stearns, T3'ler. 1876— J. D. Giddings, W. M.; A. T. Fessenden, S. W.; James Walker, J. W.; R. Stebbins. T. ; S. B. Martin, S. ; S. F. Sears, S. D. ; E. B. Christian. J. D.; F. W. Snow, S. S.; J. E. Selleck, J. S. : and William Burton. Tyler. 1877 — James Walker, W. M.; G. A. Douglas. S. W.; W. R. Hanscom, J. AV. ; R. Stebbins, T.; S. B. Martin, S. ; J. E. Selleck. S. D.; D. Handel. J. D.; E. B. Christian, S. S.; J. D. Ainsworth, J. S. ; and W. Burton, Tyler. 1878— James Walker. W. M.; D. Handel, S. W.; W. R. Hanscom, J. W.; R. .Stebbins, T.; C. A. Robertson, S.; J. E. Selleck. .S. I).; J. D. Ainsworth, J. D.; J. D. Giddings. S. S. ; W. G. Wood, J. S.; and F. W. Snow, Tyler. 1879. — Daniel Handel, W. M. ; W. R. Hanscom, 8. D.; Henry Douglas, J. D. Richard Stebbins, T. ; James Bryan, S.; J. D. Giddings, S. D. ; M. A. Freeland, J. D.; F. W. Snow, S. S.; 8. F. Sears, J. S. ; and Chas. H. Aldridge, Tyler. 1880.— D. Handel. W. M.; H. Douglas, S. W.; F. W. Snow, J. W.; R. Stebbins, T.; J. D. Ains- worth, S.; J. E. Selleck, S. D.; James AValker, J. D.; J. D. Gidding, S. S. ; E. B. Christian, J. S.; and S. F. Sears, Tyler. 1881. — James Walker, W. M.; Henry Douglas, S. AV.; George E. Warner, J. W. ; R. Stebbins, T.; J. D. Ainsworth, S.; B. D. Holbrook, S. D. ; D. Handel, J. D.; J, D. Giddings, S. S.; O. P. Bishop, J. S. ; and F. AV. Snow, Tyler. 1882.— James AValker, AV. M.; George E. AVar- ner, S. W.; E. B. Christian, J. AV.; R. Stebbins. T.; J. D. Ainsworth, S. ; J. D. Giddings, S. D.; John Douglas, J. D.; A. T. Fessenden. S. S.; E. L. Rad- cliffe, J. S.; and F. AV. Snow, Tyler. 1883.- G. E. AVarner, AV. M.; J. D. Ainsworth, S. W.; W. G. AA^ood, J. AV.; R. .Stebbins, T.; C. H. Aldridge, S.; J. Douglas, S. D.; F. Howard, J. D. ; S. V. Sears. S. S.; A. T. Fessenden. J. S.; and O. P. Bishop, Tyler. ISS*. — G. E. AVarner, AV. M.; J. D. Ainsworth, S. D.; W. G. Wood, J. AV.; G, A. Douglas, T.; James AValker, S.; John Douglas, S. D.; F, W. Snow, J. D.; John Brandon, S. S. ; S. F. Sears, J. S.; A. T. Fessenden, Tyler. 1884.— G. E. AA^imer, AV. M.; J. D. Ainsworth, S. D.; W. G. AVood, J. AV.; G. A. Douglas, T.; Jamos AValker. S. ; John Douglas. S. D. ; F. AV. Snow, J. D.; John Brandon, S. S. ; S. F. Sears, J. S. ; A. T. Fessenden, Tyler. 1885.— George A. Douglas, AV. M.; AV. C,. Wood, S. AA^.; George Houghmaster, J. AV.; G. E. AVarner, T.; J. D. Ainsworth, S. ; John E. Selleck, S. D.; John Doughs, J. D.; F. AA^ Snow, S. S. ; W. L. Farrington, J. .S. ; John Brandon, Tyler. 1886.— J. D. Ainsworth, W. M. ; John Douglas, S. W.; G. A. Siddons, J. AV. ; G. E. AVarner, T.; G. A. Douglas, S.; S. F. Sears, S. D. ; John Bran- don. J. D.; J. E. Selleck, S. S.; A. T. Fessenden, J. S. ; AVilliam Burton. Ti'ler. 1887.— John Douglas, W. M.; .S. F. Sears, S.AV.; J. E. Selleck, J. AV. ; George A. Douglas, S.; George E. Warner, T.; John Brandon, J. D.; and E. B. Christian, Tyler. 1888.— George E. Warner, AV. M.; A. T. Fessen- den, S. AV.; John Brandon, J. AV.; B. D. Holbiook. T.; C. M. Ross, S. ; J. E. .Selleck, S. D.; C. E. Alls- brow, J. D.; Juo. Douglas, S. S. ; AVilliam Burton, J. S.; J. P. Vincent, Tyler. 1889 and present.— B. D. Holbrook, W. U.; P. K. Holbrook, S. AV. ; L. C. Sears, J. W. ; John Bran- don, T. ; C. M. Ross, S. ; S. F. Sears, S. D.; Peter Reily, J. D.; J. E. Selleck, S. S.; D. A. Pember, J. S. ; and William Burton, Tyler. Hanscom Post, No. 97, G. A. R., w.as organized September 21, 1882, with the following charter members: John E. Selleck, A. G. Hurst, AA''. S. AVade, J. K. McCaskey, E. M. Cassady, O. M. Morse, S. Horner, C. N. Lyman, M. A. Freeland, P. L. Sawyer, George E. AA''arner, AVilliam Kelsey, C. H. AValdron, John R. Murphy. W. B. Bailey, G. H. Br3\aut, John Cleghoru, Bradshaw Stearns, J. H. Searles, S. B. Mj'ers, John Eva, W. G. AVood, Charles A. Rutledge, and J. D. Giddings. The post was named after Capt. Watson R. Hanscom. of the 12th Iowa Infantry, who died in this county in 1879, while clerk of the courts. The first officers of the post were: George E. AVarner, C; M. A. Freeland, S. V. C; O. M. Morse, J. A'. C; J. R. Murphy, Q. M.; A. T. Fessenden, S. ; Rev. C. N. MONONA COINTV •M'.\ Lyman. Cliap.; G. II. liryant, O. D.; E. iM. Cns- sady. O. O.; S. li. Myers. Ailjt.; C. H. Waldrt.n. S. XI.; and \V. I?. Haiky. (^ M S. Siiue tliat dato llie position of commander lins been tilled by com- rades .John E. Selleck, C. O. Perkins, and O. M. Morse. Tiie present officers are the followini»^ named: C. G. Perkins, C.; AV. S. Wade. S. V. C: P. L. S.awyer. .1. -V. C; .1. K. McCaskey. q. M.; A. T. Fessenden, Stirg. ; Rev. C. N. Lyman, Chap.; John C'leghorn, O. I).; Myron H.valt, O. G. ; George K. Warner. Adjt.; L. D. Bearce. Q. M.S., and .lolin O'Conner, S. M. The post is in an excellent condition, both morally and financially, in the lat- ter respect having some eight or nine hundred dollars in its treasury or fund, besiiles the other property which it owns. It has a full and large membership, of which the following is the roster: John E. Selleck. Adjutant. 87th Illinois Infantry. A. II. Ilnrst, Company K. 17th Iowa Infantry. \V. S. Wade, Sergeant, Company H, otli Illinois Cavalry. J. K. Mct'askcy, Lieutenant. Company I. 27th Indiana Infantry. E. M. Cassady, Company A. 10th I'nited States Infantry. O. M. Morse, Sergeant, (.'ompany I, 11:5th Illi- nois Infantry. C. N. Lyman, Chaplain. 20th Connecticut In- fantry. M. A. Kreehmd. Captain Company B. 10th I'nitcil States Heavy Artillery. (ieorge E. Warner, Captain, Comi^any T. lOtli United States Heav^- Artillery. P. L. Sawyer, Company I), 2Htli Maine Infantry. William Kclsey, Company K, Gth New York Heavy Artillery. .Idhn H. Murphy. John Cleghorn, Company I, 15th Iowa Inf:inlry Bradshnw Stearns. Sergeant, Company H, lllh Wisconsin Infantry. E. H. Searles. Ci>r|Mini!. Company K. I'iili \Vrst Virginia Infantry. S. B. Myers, .Midsliipinan I'nited States Navj-, and Sergeant, Company C. 2d United Stnip^ li,. fan try. John Eva, Company F, 3rd Wisconsin Infantry. W. (;. Wood. Company E, 48th Wisconsin In- fantry. Charles Rutl.MlL'c. Sir-j.-anl, oth Wisconsin Bat- tery. W. K". .Mifnllucli. Company H. 8Uh Illinois In- fantry. Walter Burgess, Company I. 7th Iowa Cavalry. A. T. Fes.seuden. Company D. 3d Wisconsin In- fantry. C. G. Perkins, First Lieutenant Company G. 19th Wisconsin Infantry. Rockwell. Jcw.li. Ciini|):uiy II, l.jlh Iowa Infan- try. Perry Allen. Conipuny D, 7th Kans:is Infantry. John O'Connor. Company F, 8Gtli New York In- fantry. George Fischer, Cori)oral. Company D. I90ih Pennsylvania Infantry. S. S. Dorwood, Company E. 2!tlh Wisconsin In- fantry. John S. Eggleston. Sergeant, Company I, jllh Illinois Infantr}'. L. D. Bearce, Corporal, Company B. 12th Iowa Infantr}'. Thomas Peabo.Iy, Company B. 23d Ohio Infan- try. John Yothers, Company F, 30th Pennsylvania Infantry. I). T. Cutler. Company I). 22d Wisconsin In- fan'r}-. Thomas Butcher, Company D. 13th Michigan Infantry. J. J. Reynolds, Company I, 1st Minnesota In- fantry. Martin L. Rice, Com|iany A. 140th Illinois In- fantry. Peter Reiley, First Lieutenant, Company F. 2d Iowa Cavalry. .lames Fulton, Company I, 10th Illinois Cavalry. .lames Easton, First Lieutenant. Company (!, 135th Illinois Infantry. Nelson Benjamin, .Sergeant, Company C. 1 2th New York Cavalry. Charles Struble, Company C, 7tli Illinois Infan- try. Thomas Rickman. Company L, 4th Iowa Cavalry. 334 MONONA COUNTY. W. II. Bigelow. Company A, 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillciy. W. B. Arnold, Company C. 152fl Indiana Infan- try. Even Rol)bins, Company I, 16th Illinois Infan- try. L. A. Morley, Corporal, 25th Ohio Battery. Frank McCloskey, Company C. 5th Missouri Mounted Infantry. Andrew J. Erb, Company L, 4th Iowa Cavaly. Henry Himes, Corporal. Company C, lUOth In- diana Infantry'. .1. Y. Nance, Corporal, Company C, 2d Kansas Cavalry. A. AY. Riuledge, Company D. 3rd AVisconsin In- fantry. .1. JI. Case, Company L, 4th Iowa Cavalr}'. Daniel Kilbin, Farrier, Company D, 12th Illinois Cavalry. M. A'. Stucker, Company C, 5th Missouri Cav- alry. Henry Kratz, Company I, 15th Iowa Infantry. E. Stucker, Company C, 51st Missouri Infantry. T. D. Sanderson, Sergeant, Company B, 4th Iowa Infantry. Ilumplny Mount. Company D, ,l)th Minnesota Infantry. John N. AVills, Company C, 29th Iowa Infantry. James Cook, Company I, 7th California Infan- try. Benjamin Herring, Company B, 22d Wisconsin Infantry. AV. H. Strain. Company B, 3rd Colorado Infan- try. A. J. Moorhead, Corporal, Company H, 84th Illi- nois Infantry. John E. Harris, Corporal, Company C. 2d Mary- land Infantry. J. B. Jeffrey, Sergeant. Company K, llth Min- nesota Infantry. V. E. Dungan, Company E, 6th Iowa Cavalry. M. y. Landon, Compan}- A, 39th Iowa Infantry. Elverton Bigelow, First Lieutenant, Company E, ' 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artiller3'. Nathan Watson, Company I. 29th Irdiana In- fantry. AA^. II. Hogeboom, Company K, 57th Illinois In- fantry. AA'. B. Hegw0(xl. Company B. 29th Illinois In- fantry. T. G. Davis, Corporal, Company B, 29th Iowa Infantry. John Bell, Compan}' E, 8th AVisconsin Infantry. John Belt, Company C, 12th United States In- fantr3'. J. AY. rickman. Company L, 4th Iowa Cavalry. T. R. Cha[)man, Q. M. S.. 17th Iowa Infantry. Isaac Ray, Companj' F. 4th Iowa Infantry. Joseph Baird, Company E, 93rd Pennsylvania Infantry. Ileurj- Cameron, Company I, 37th Iowa Infan- try. J. O. Davis. Company A. 7th Illinois Cavalry. John Ratledge, Company B, 10th Minnesota In- fautr}-. F. M. Rich, Company K, 120th Illinois Infantr3-. Henry Brown, Compan}- C, 17th Yermont In- fantry. Alfred Smith, Company D, 9th Maine Infantr3^ Jno. Cameron, Company D, 45th Iowa Infantry. S. J. Atwood, Company C, 19th Iowa Infantry. C. F. Ropes, Company H, 38th Iowa Infantry. Myron Hyatt, Company D, 28th Illinois Infan- try. I*. S. AYright, Company G, 27th Iowa Infantry. Theodore Pangborn, Corapan}- M, llth Missouri Infantry. R. D. Silsby, Sergeant, Company B, 13th A'^er- mont Infantry. William Clark, Companj' M, llth Missouri In- fantry. Edw.ird Taj'lor, Companj* E. Harris Light Cav- alry. John Pursinger, Companj- F, 6th Missouri In- fantrj'. H. Bordner, Company D, llth Michigan Infan- try. Nelson Earse, Corporal, Company F, 10th AVis- consin Infantry.- Herman Schurdevin, Company C, 152d Indiana Infantry. Capt. Perkins Camp, No. 124, Sons of A'eterans, was mustered in as -such August 26, 1887 by Lieut.- MONIJNA CUINTV. 33") Col. A. K. Malliews. of Odi-bnlt. The chartor inombers wore ns pillows: C W. Wille}-, J. S. Mn- iriiinis. Frnnk StMcker, J. E. Searls, Frank ISisliop, !•;.(». Muise. Willnnl Whitney. Alfred D. Smith. Harry Muorhead, Horace Horner, J. N. .Searls. Charles Smith, Will lUirj^ess, W. C. Willey, George Butcher, T. N. Lyman. K. K. Morse, H. J. Seilzini- ger. E. (i. Mason, (ieorge Hurst, C. i'". Fgglcston, W. H. Davis. H. 15. Fcssenden, J. W. Powers, J. W. Ikitcher, Ceorge H. Chapman. A. G. Hurst, Jr., and K. 1). Mason. The tirst otliccrs were the fol- lowing named: J. S. Maginnis, Captain; E. E. Morse, First Lieutenant; George H. Chapman, Second Lieutenant; C. W. Willey, H. B. Fes- senilen and J. S. Maginnis, Camp Council; J. N. Searls, Chaplain; E. G. Mason, First Sergeant; C. W. Willey, Ciuartermaster; Horace Horner, Color Sergeant; IL B. Fessenden, Sergcslnt of the Guard: A. G. Hurst, Jr., Corporal of tlie Guard; . I. E. Searls, Camp Guard; Will Burgess, Picket Guard; T. N. Lyman, C. W. Willey and J.N. Searls. Committee on liy-Laws. The camp has now >')me forty-two members, with some ten or twelve ripplications in. The present ollicers are: X. J. r>ristow. Captain; (i. H. Borilner, First Lieutenant; and E. G. Mason, Second Lieutenant. Monona Lodge, No. 380, L O. O. F., was institu- ted under ilispensalion, June 7, 1878, by District Deputy Grand .Master G. W. Wakefield, of Sioux City, assisted by Brothers Charles B. Stedman, John F. Lewis, and L. M. Rogers, of the same place, with the following charter membei'S: E. W. Ilolbrook. IL W. Cody, L. H. Belknap, John Douglas, C. M. Ross, John T. Baggs. D. L. Utterback, James Car- raody, G. R. Flornung and John K. McC.askey. Nine new members were initialed, ami the election for otlicers resulted in the choice of the following •jenlleman to the ofliees named : John Iv. McCaskey, \. G.; James Carmody. V. G.; John Dougl.as. .S.; K. W. Ilolbrook, r.; C. M. Ross. R. S. N. G.; Clpuies A. Robertson. L. S. N. (J.; G. R. Hornung. W.; L. H. Belknap. C. ; John T. Baggs. L. S. V.G.; n. L. nterback. R. S. V. G. ; G. R. Norton. R. S. S. ; Philip Sawyer. L. S. S. C. W. Perkins, I. G.; and H. W. Cady. O. G. Meetings were held in the Masonic lodge room until NoTember 1, 1888. when, in conjunction with the Knight.s of Pythias, they rented a hall in the new Bakke Block, and fitting it up in a h.andsome man- ner, moved into their own quarters. The lodge is in a very nourishing cor.dilion both in membership and in finances. Meetings are held every Saturday evening, and a full attendance is the usual thing. The following is a list of the membership at the present meeting ( 1880) : James Carmody. H. W. Cady, John T. Baggs, A. J. Heitman, P. L. .Sawyer. G. R. Norton, W. J. Eva. Ole Johnson. William Christianson, G. Mes.siug. Charles Burton, C. A. II. Fisher, M. T. Pcmber, J. N. Hite, .S. A. Howard, J. B. McLoar, E. S. Moore, E. Paine, John C. Potts. Ci.W. Cork, Jr., A. L. Davis. C. A. Thurston. J. A. Vetta, L.Allen. J. D. Lyons, G.W. Hunt,W. A. Parks. F. JL Cork. J. C. M<-ndhan. J. Y. Ross, T. PoUs. A. R. Harrington, J. G. T.aylor, J. B. Young. W. IL Martin. J. M. Draney, Walter Burgess, H. A. Wheeler, and Horace Horner. 'Jhc following are the officers for the last half of the year 1889: L. D. Kittle, N. G.; H. Horner. V. G.; G. B. Norton. S.; S. A. Howard. P. S. ; William Christianson, T. ; C. A. Tiiinston, R. S.; A. Harrington, L. S. ; G. Messing, W.; U. W. Cady, C. ; J. M. Ross, R. S. S.; M. T. Peraber, L. S. S. : L. Allen, L G. ; W. Burgess. R. .S., J. Draney, L. S.; Charles Thurston, S. A. Howard, and L. D. Kittle, trustees of general fund; P. L. Sawyer, W. Christianson and Charles Burton, trus- tees of widow and orphans' fund ; M. T. Peraber. FL Horner and G. R.Norton, finance committee, and S. A. Howard. J. G. Taylor and E. S. Moore, trustees strangers' relief fund. Monona Lodge. No. 184. Knights of Pythias, was organized at a preliminary meeting called at the in- stance and through the instrumentality of John F. Oliver then a member of Pleiades Lodge No. 1.5, of Eddyville. this State, but now District Deputy Grand Chancellor of this lodge. The meeting was held at the town hall on the 2tth of September. 1887. ami was presided over by Chairman A. Kindall. J. S. Maginnis acted .as Secretary. In accordance with the action of the meeting, on the 20th of the same month, the lodge was instituted an2 feet in size, two stories in height, with an engine-room annex 16 feet ^uare, one story in height. It is fitted up in the most complete man- ner, and with the most improveil and modern machinery. Three cheese and one cream vats, a butter worker run by steam-power, a three hun- dred-gallon churn, a cheese press capable of hold- ing twenty large, and twelve small cheeses, and the Turbine cream separator, wiiich. when in opera- tion, revolves at the ral« of eight thousand revolu- tions per minute, occup}- most of the floor space, while overhead stretch the various shaftings and belts. A coUl storage room having the capacity of holding about five hundred sixty pound tubs of butter, is an important adjunct of the building, as is the olieese-curing room which occupies the entire second story. The engine, an upright one of eight horse-power, manufacturetl by Davis , and section 36, township 85, range 4fi. The original town site was laid out liy tlie Sioux City it Pacific !{!iilro;id Coinpar.j' in .June, 1873, the plat being filed with the county re- corder. July ."), that year. .Since that time the fol- lowing .additions have been filed on the day and date inenlioned: First Addition, by the Missouri A'ailey Land Company. May 25, 1880; .Second Ad- dition, by the same iiarty. April 22. 1882; Third and Fourth Additions by the same. June 2tJ, 1884; Kasi Whiting, by George II. .ind Lucy Ann Sut- ler. September 6, 1879; and HIair's Addition lo E.ast Whiting, by John R. Ulair. July 15, 1882. It is beautifully situated in the rich farming country on the Missouri River bottoms, and is one of the leading business stations on the .Sioux City A' Pacific Railroad. In the way of society, churches and schools it is every way a desirable place to build up a home in. and .as a shipping aixl business point is rapidly coining t<.) the front rank. The pioneer store of the new town was opened by Lyman Whittier. He came here April 25, 1873, and erertcd a frame building, 20x40 feet in size, part of his present structure, in which he opened a stock of general merchandise. This was the first building on the site. The second building was put up by Leonard Jennewcin, wliich was used for the entertainment of the traveling public. This is a part of the pres- ent 'Whiting House. The third building in the litlle hamlet was a blacksmith-shop erected by K. J. .Smith, the same summer, and in Augiisl. Lyman Whittier iipagruin warehouse. The same summer the old depot at Sloan, asmall affair, was moved here and in this the railroad did business until 1 873. when it was removed to lilencoe. They in the month of March of that year, brought another old buibling from Sioux City, and enlargeil and refitted it. opening it for general business .Inly 21. 1878. A small building was put up by Hoyd Bros., and after various uses is now occupied as a storero. An .agricultural warehouse was erected by Mor- ris (t Bailey in 1882, and that business opened by them. The first meat market opened in 1879, by George Kron. on lot G, block 3. 310 MONONA COUNTY. Koon A' Dimraifk put up a building and opened the first hanhvarc sloie, in the fall of 1882. In the fall of 1879 Rust & Morle}' opened the first drug store, in a building formerly put up by A. G. Wight, but the following j'ear moved into a building which they had just erected. They still carry on the business. Russell & McCIain opened a hardware store, and I. N. Russell a furniture store in 1884. The first millinery establishment was opened about Ai)ril 1, 1881, hy Mrs. B. F. Morris, who still carries on the business. Cassada}' & Whiting commenced business as dealers in general merchandise in 1880. and have continued in that line ever since without change. The firm is composed of E. M. Cassady and Will C. Whiting. On January' 2, 1882, Dimmick & Koon opened a hardware store. The firm carried on the business until a few years ago, when the name and style was changed to its present one of Dimmick i' Patter- son. The general merchandise firm of Blair & Polly originated wi-th Curtis C. Polly and J. Q. Wiles, under the firm' name of Wiles & Polly, in Jul^-, 1882. Fifteen months later the present firm was formed, J. R. Blair purchasing the interest of Mr. Wiles. The growth of the town was slow for a .time, in 1885 the place containing only three general mer- chandise, one hardware store, one drug store, one blacksmith-shop, two hotels, a grain warehouse or two, schoolhouse, post-office, two livery barns and two churches. The business of the village is represented at the present writing (1889) by the following individ- uals or firms: Lyman Whittier, Cassaday f 1873 by L. Jcnnewein, and run by hin] as a hotel until 1877, when it passed into the hands of Daniel O'Neill, who en- larged it and gave it its present name. Mr. O'Neill acted as landlord of the hostehy until September 14, 188G, when he was succeeded by R. A. Edgar, who remained at the head of affairs until 1st of October, 1887, when Mr. O'Neill again became the landlord. A month later, that gentleman having other business, Worley Bros, assumed its manage- ment, and presided over the destinies of this pio- neer hotel until 1888, when they, in turn were succeeded by Joseph Bennett. In the spring of 1889 Stephen Seward, the present landlord, com- menced the entertainment of the travelling public. The Silver Lake House, now the Commercial, was built in 1879. and operated for about two years b}' Godsey Bros. It was then sold to Ralph Bailey who acted as landlord for about six months, at the end of whifli time it was rented and run bj" W. D. Dininiick, who soon purchased the same. One year MONONA COUNTY. 341 later it passed into the hands of W. (1 IJHllaid. wlio presided over it n year and a half, and its manage- ment was then transferred to 15. I'olly. In August, 1885, the house passed into the iiands of Tliomas (iriftlii, who commenced to enact the role of host. Aliout tlie first of the following j-car it came into the hands of K., T. Cummings, but shortly after he w.as succeeded by Thomas Combs. In July, 1886, the latter gentleman closed the house for a sliort time and then sold it to the present proprietors, Morris iV Smith, who changed the name, and re- opened it for business. KLEVATOK. Two warehouses were ere>'ted at this point in the summer of 1873, one by the Grange, and the other by Lyman^Whittier. The former of these, injured by the train running into it, was removed and de- voted to other uses; the latter was altered into a dwelling-house. The elevator was built by John K. Hlair in 1884. l"0ST-0rKICE. The post-office of Whiting w.as brought from West Fork on the 27th of June, 1873, and estab- lished in the "Store of Lyman Whittier, with that gentleman as Postmaster. He remained in charge of the mails at this point until January 12, 1886, when he was succeeded b}- W. H. Wonder in the office. The latter removed the same to his office and fitted it up with new bo.ves and other appliances until it is one of the best in the county. Novem- ber 22, 1889, the present incumbent, C. A.Thomas, took charge of the ollice. PRESS. The Sentiiipl, the pioneer pajjer of Whiting, was establi.shetl b^- W. A. Greene, now of Onawa, in May. 188."?. and t'arrieil on l)y that gentleman as an exponent of the Uc[)iiblican faith and local inter- ests, until February, 1885, when it was sold to W. II. Wonder, formerly the editor of the Mondamin Independent, who changed the name to that of the Whiting Herald, &nd its |>olitical complexion to the Democratic side of the house. The first number i issued bears the date of February 21, 1885, and is | a neatly printed, well edited, seven-column in- \ lio. Mr. Wonder successfully carried on this, the only Democratic paper in the county, until he disposed of it, increasing the inQuence and elH- ciency of the paper wonderfully, and enlarging it from time to time as necessity demandeaper to C. A. Thomas and Frank Stevenson, who, under the firm name of Thom.as .. embarked in the general nicichandise trade. This, they continued to re- main at the head of until May 1. 1880, when they disposed of it to Charles Audir.«on. the present proprietor. H. N. and .1. E. Scott then entered into the resil-estate, insurance and money-loaning business, which they hare followed from thai date. Martin ntlis. when Mr. Butler bought out his partner and cjirried on the store alone for a short lime. .Mr. liullcr. in the fall of 1882. disposed of the same to Frank Martin, and the fc>llowing .lanuarv. .lames 1'.. 34G MONONA COUNTY. HawtUorne bought an interest therein, and the firm of Martin & Hawthorne came into existence. Maj' 4. of the same 3-ear, the stand and stock were pur- chased b}' S. II. & G. W. Carhart, who carried on tlie business uiitilthe fall of 1889, when they sold to K. D. Harper & Co., tlic present projirietors. John W. Smith came to the village in August, 1878, ami engaged in dealing in stock, a business he still carries on. In July or August, 1878, Lewis Kobinson opened a general merchandise store, which he carried on until the spring of the following year, when he failed, and his grocery stock was purchased by J. D. Rice, the dry-goods, etc., being sold out at auc- tion. From tills stock grew the drug store of J. I). Rice. In the spring of 1879 a drug business was established by .J. D. Rice and J. D. Lockwood, under the firm name of J. D. Rice & Co., and car- ried on by them until 1882, when Mr. Rice sold out his interest therein to his partner. Mr. Lockwood continued to dispense drugs, medicines, etc., both alone and as a member of the firm of Lockwood & Conner until the fall of 1889, when the business, stock and good will, was purchased by J. H. I'utzer, tiie present proprietor. Lamb & Chamberlain entered into the livery stable business in 1879, and wore thus engaged un- til March, 1883, when the stock and good will were purchased b}' John T. Bridges who is leading in that line in the vill.age at the present time. The first furniture store was established by G. H. Butler and A. I. Lenterman in 1879. The3' carried it on for three or four3ears and were succeeded by J. W. Ling, who closed out the same in 1883. Dr. William Davis, a prominent physician and surgeon came to this village June 1, 1879, i?nd has been here, in practice, ever since. M. L. Dudley and E. D. French came to Maple- ton in the winter of 1882-3, and embarked in the land, loan and insurance business under the firm name of Dudley ife French. This they carried on until some time earl^- in 1884, when, by the ad- mission of J. W. Wakefield the firm name was changed to Dudley, French & Wakefield. A short time afterwards D. W. Corlej' purchasing the in- terests of Dudley and French, the business passed into i)io hands of Wakefield and Corley. Dudley & French then engaged in the grain business, for a short time, but August 24, 1884, they embarked in the general merchandise trade, having, also, a branch at I'te. They carried on this business in the old S. B. Gilmore stand, doing an extensive business until January 28, 1885, when they were forced to make an assignment, although they had a surplus of assets, and paid every dollar of indebt- edness, and the stock was closed out by D. W. Cor- ley the assignee, to Mr. Dudley, who sold the stock to E. T. Dorothy. In the fall of 188.5, Mr. French was defeated for the office of Sheriff and went to Minnesota. Mr. Dudley is still here, engaged in the insurance business. Herring Chrisnian, an attornej- came to Maple- ton in March. 1882, and engaged in practice in j 1884, and after carrying on business alone until June 24, 1 889, took in as partners his sons Charles H and Will, and the firm of Chrisman it Chrisman was formed. TheS. H. Bowman Lumber Companj', established a branch of their lumber business at Mapleton in the fall of 1882, with C. Cunningham as manager. In 1884, the latter was succeeded by Alexander White who was followed in 1886, bv G. H. Hollands- worth, the present manager and superintendent. They carry a stock of some §10,000 worth, consist- ing of lumber, coal, lime, grass seeds, etc., and do an immense business. The pioneers in this line were Hamilton Bros., and 6. II. Chapman. The former are still engaged in the same line. Mr. Chapman, who began in 1877, carried on the bus- iness until his death when it was sold to James Chapman, who later on disposed of it to J. 1'. Wells, who closed it out to the Bowman Lumber Companj'. Cyrus Greek and John W. Smith, grain and cat- tle dealers commenced business here in 1883. in co- partnership which they still carry on. Thomas B. Lutz locateil at this village Au-gust 1, 1883, and entered upon the practice of law. January 1, 1886, he entered into a partnership with J. D. Rice, which lasted just one year, since which time he has carried on his profession alone. Jan)es Garrison established a depot for the sale of farm machinery in 1883, and carried it on until 1888. In February of that year he disposed of it MONONA COINTV :J4; to M. A. Burns who is operating in that line at the present. l-;il)iiclge Wilher came to tlic villngo in 1881. iiiul oinbarkcil in the iiardwarc business which he carried on ahoiit a year and then sohl out to J. W. Harris &. Co., who sohl to Hamilton Hros., and en- gaijed in the grain and catth; business. Since 1887, he has been in partnership with Cyrus Greek. Dr. .lulius Warren Cox. coinmonced the prac- tice of medicine in .Mai)leton, on cf 1878 by Samuel H. ^lann, who ran it for about eighteen months, when it was sold to John Jones. It was carried on by Francis O'Neill for years, ami it was then moved by Albert Roach up town, and its days as an hotel ceased, it being now used as a dwelling and lodging-house. The Mapleton House w.as built by Francis MONONA LUl^Tir. Si'J O'Noill about 1878, and was run by hiui until 1887, when he sold out to Ileiiiy Ash, tlie prestnl proprietor. .lOlKNAI.I.SM. The pioneer newspaper in tlie new village w:is the SlaiKlord. which was established in the fall of 1S77, by Ceorge F. C'roucb, wiio had the paper printed at Ida Grove, he not having the material. 15ut a few issues were made, when the outfit of the Press, being brougiit hero from ()ii>iwa. was pur- chased by Mr. t'roiich. and the Sfomlnrfl was merged into the Press. The People's J'rrss was luought to Mapleton from Onawa, where it was first established, and where its previous history will be found, in the fall of 1M77. and passed into the hands of George F. Crouch, who had just started the Standard, who combined the two and issued the journal with the double title of Press and Standard. A most able editor, he made it a good local newspaper, and carried it on until June. 1S78, when it became the property of (J. A. Wooster. The latter gentleman, who, however, had no j)revious training at the busi- ness, continued to occupy the editorial tripod most ably, until September. 1879, when the journal was sold to Charles A. Robertson, a born editor, now of the Hull Advance, who continued to carry it on until 18.s:5. when it was purchased by Charles K. and J. Fred Meyers, and was carried on by these latter gentlemen for one year. In 188-1 the Wrig- ley Bros., now of the Boone Republican, purchased the business and outfit. annd w.-»s the first Postmaster of the latter place. He remained in office until , December 6, 1881, when he was suc- ceeded by W. F. Scott, September 15, 1888. Porter Hamilton, the present incumbent of^tbe office, suc- ceeded Mr. Scott. It was created a money order office July 1, 1881, and the first order cashed over its counter was one issued at Onawa to F. A. IJur- ton, amounting to |!2.50, on August 23, 1881, and paid to Miss Lulu Burton, August 24. The office was made a Presidential one July 1, 1884, and the salary increased to 81,100 per annum. July 1, 1887. It is located in the hardware ejitablishmcnt of Hamilton Bros., of which firm the present post- master is a member. iscouroKATiox. On the 10th of M.iy, 1878, an election was held in the village to determine the question of the in- corporation of the same, the notice of which bore the names of the following, named as the committee: J. li. Thompson, G. H. Chapman. G. F. Crouch. Porter Hamilton and D. II. JIcKown. A majority being in favor of the measure, the following were 35') MONONA COUNTY. duly elected the first otticers of the rising city: J. F. Scott, Mayor; J. A. Hutton, Recorder, and G. II. Chapman, Porter Hamilton, W. F. Scott, J. Post and 0. O. Harris, Councilmen. J. R. Thompson was appointed Marshal and C. I. Whit- ing Treasurer. The first meeting of the council was held the same month. The following is -a list of the city's officers by years: 1879. — Porter Hamilton, Mayor; George Coe, Recorder; W. H. Bliss, Treasurer; H. N. Scott, Assessor; and 0. O. Harris, Baxter Whiting, G. H. Butler, W. F. Davis, S. B. Gilmore and J. D. Rice, Councilmen. 1880.— H. N. Scott, Mayor; W. H. Adams, Re- corder: W. H. Bliss, Treasurer; F. Lcet, Assessor; A. C. Miller, Marshal ; and B. Whiting, G. H. But- ler, O. O. Harris. W. F. Davis. D. Phillips and L. Barney, Councilmen. 1881. — O. O. Harris, Mayor; F. Richardson, Recorder; W. H. Bliss, Treasurer; H. N. Scott, Assessor; S. B. Gilmore, E. J. Williams, J. R. Cam- eron, L. 11. jNIonroe, C. A. Robertson, B. Whiting and L. Barney, members of the Council. During the terra, the mayor resigned, and .at a special elec- tion J. F. Scott was chosen to fill the vacancy. 1882. — S. B. Gilmore, Mayor; L. Barney, E. J. Williams, G. H. Butler, B. Whiting, W. G. Ken- nedy, .1. < J. Adams, B. D. Butler and .H. McLane, Coiuuilmen; W. S. Pershing, Recorder, and C. I. Whiting, Treasurer. 1883. — S. B. Gilmore, Mayor; J. (J. Adams, B. D. Butler, G. II. Butler, 11. McLane and J. R. Cam- eron. Council; W. S. Pershing, Recorder, and C. T. Whiting, Treasurer. This was the administration that built the town hall. 1884.— S. H. Carhart, Mayor; L. L. Scott, E. D. French, S. A. D. Hamilton, J. Q. Adams, H. Mc- Lane and B. D. Butler, Council; T. B. Lutz. Re- corder; C. I. Whiting, Treasurer. 1885. — W. J. Harris, Mayor; .7. Q. Adams, S. Ary, B. D. Butler. E. D. French, W. W. Hamilton anil George II. Leathers, Council; W. II. Wrigley, Recorder; C. I. Whiting, Treasurer. The latter resigned his office in November and was succeeded by. S. 15. Gilmore. 188G.— Cyrus G'-eek, Mayor; S. Ary. F. Griffin, W. W. Hamilton. W. II. Leathers, J. W. Smith and Alexander White, Council; Edward Quick. Treas- urer; M. H. Wriglej', Recorder; D. A. Hall, Mar- shal; C. I. Whiting, Park Commissioner. 1887.— Cyrus Greek, Mayor; F. Griffin, W. W, Hamilton, W. H. Leathers, Alexander White, S. Arj' and J. W. Smith, Council; M. H. Wrigley, Recorder; Edward Quick, Treasurer; C. I. Whiting, Park Commissioner; W. S. Pershing, Assessor. 1888.— Cyrus Greek, Mayor; W. W. Hamilton. AV. C. Wilbur, II. McLane, F. Griffin, W. H. Leath- ers and J. W. Smith, Councilmen; G. W. Carhart, Recorder; Edward Quick, Treasurer; W. W. Jones, Marshal; ('. I. Wliiting, Park Commissioner. ISSy.- J. A. Berry, Mayor; F. Griffin. W. H. Leathers, H. McLane, E. L. Crow, C. Buller and W. W. Hamilton, Councilmen; G. W. Carhart, Recorder; E. Quick. Treasurer; C. I. Whiting, Park Commissioner. SOCIETIES. Quarr}' Lodge, No. 404, A. F. ik A. M., was or- ganized under dispensation, July 19, 1880, with the following members: C. A. Robertson, F. Griffin, J. D. Rice, J, R. Cameron, C. T. Torre}', 0. Harris, W. A. Bishton, L. H. Monroe, J. F. Scott, D. F. Kinney, N. T. Wood and D. Sanford. The first officers of the organization were: J. D. Rice, W. M.; C. T. Torrey, S. W.; C. A. Robertson, J. W.; F. (Jriffin, S. ; J. R. Cameron, T.; O. Harris, S. D.; J. F. Scott, J. D.; D. Sanford, S. S. ; D. F. Kinney, J. S.; and L. 11. Monroe, Tjdcr. A charter was granted the lodge which bofe the date of June 9, 1881, and the same officers were chosen to fill the various chairs, with the exception that M. S. Bul- lock was made S. S. and W. II. Edgar, J. S. In June, 1882, the following officers were chosen : J. D. Rice, W. M.; M. S. Bullock, S. W.; W. F. Scott, J. W.; F. Griffin, S.; J. R. Cameron, T.; 0. Harris, S. D. ; J. F. Scott, J. D. ; L. H. Monroe, S. S. ; C. T. Torrey, J. S.; and W. A. Bishton, Tyler. In 1883 the offlers were the same, except that W. M. Burkitt was S. S.; W. Jones, J. S., and James Sumner, Tyler. 1884.— J. D. Giddings, W. M.; F. Griffin, S. W.; J. E.Scott, J. W.; C. L Whiting, S. ; M.S.Bul- lock. T.; J. D. Rice. S. D.; J. G. Martin, J, D,; J, R. Webster, S. S.; H. K. Barbee, J. S.; I. W. Curtis, Tyler, MONONA COUNTY. 188:).— W. .T. Ilniris. W. M.; .T. 0. OiiMiiigs. S. W.; S. Arv.J. W.; 1". Grillin. S. ; C. 1. Uliiling.T.; .1. I). Rice, S. 1).; J. G. Martin. .1. 1).; S. Stevens. S. S.; J. AV. Curlis. .1. S.; .1. G. Kngleiiorn. Tyler. 1886.— J. I). Rice. W. M.; S. Ary. S. W.; J. G. Martin. .1. W.; F. Griffin. S. ; C. I. Whiting. T.; .1. 1). (ii.ldings. .^ I).; P. C. Dorotliy. .1. D. : J. W. Curtis. S. .s.; K. I.. Crow. ,1. S. ; .T. G. Knirli'lifnn. Tyler. 1887. — Tlte Dllicois nere tbe same, except: ,). K. .Scott. .S. D.; .1. G. Knglehorn, S. S. : W. O. Crow. .1. .S., and J. D. Giddings. Tyler. 1S88. — I. K. Scott. AV. M.; C. K. Cooper. S. W.; (i. U. Hollandsworlh. J. W. ; F. (Jrillin, .S. ; W. AV. ll.imilton. T.; .1. D. Rice, S. D.: J. E. Duselil, J. D.; AA'. .1. Harris, .s. 8.; E. L. Crow. .1. S. ; L. L. Scott, lyler. The present officers. (188t)) are: .1. U. Giddings, AV. M.; S. Ary. S. AA'.; G. II. llollandswortli. J. AV.; F. Griffin. S.: AA'. H. Leathers. T.; J. D. Rice, S. D.; .1. E. DuschI, .1. D.: J. E. Scott, S. S. ; C.E.Cooper, .F. S.; L. L. .Scott, Tyler. The lodge is in a flourishing comlition. and has a nK'nibershij) of between forty and fifty. November 28. 1887, they removed into their new hall, having been organized and held their meetings in what was known .o-s Rice's Hall np to that tiiue. Tiieir present quarters are handsoniel}' fitted up and fur- nished, and the members take great interest in the work of the order. Maple A'alley Lodge, No. 399, I. O. O. F.. was organized Sei)tember 15, 1879, by F. .1. Kincaid, D. I). G. M., of .Sioux Cit}-, with the following named charter members: James A. Hntton, Loren Barney. L. .s. Chandler. A. R. AA'ight and C. A. Robertson. The first officers were: J. A. Ilulton, N. G.; Loren Barney. V. G.; C. A. Robertson. S., auil L. .S. Chandler, T. The following named have I occupied the office of Noble Gr.and for the years I mentioned: L. Barney, 1880; C. A. Robertson, 18H0; D. Harris. I8HI; C. A. Robertson, 1881; William Bruns, 1882; L. B.arncy, 1883; Charles I. AA'hiting and K. A. Hemphill, 1883; E. A. Hemp- bill anil Edward (^uick, 1884; .1. G. hidings and ' G. AA'. .lolms, 1885; C. I. AA'hiting and G. W. Car- ' hart, 1886; G. AA'. Carhart and T. E. .S. Lapham, i 1>87: L. Barney and Edward <^lick, 1888; G. W. ' Carhart, the firstjhalf of 188rt; and the following is a list of the officors'of the lodge for the present term, the last half of 1889: J. A. Berry. N.G. ; H.AA'. Groves, \. G.; EdwardJ(^uiek, S.; .1. G.lddings. T. Monto Cristo Lodge. No. 205, Knights of Pytli- ias, was organized .July 20, 1888. several prelimi- nary meetings having been held. The cliarliT members were the following named: AAMlliam Davis, B. F. Roe, .lohn Blough. L. E. Bruner. AA'. D. A'al- entine, F. W. Brooks. AA'. AV. Jones, J. C. Hum- mond. Alf. AA'ooster, J. AA'. Cox, ('•. AA'. Carhart, L. AVilhelm, A. 1). AA'elton. S." II. Carhart. T. AA'. John, AV. D. Crow. Thoinas^Marlin. E. II. Rapier. L. D. Pierson. E. L. Crow, N. T. AA^ood. The first officers were the following named: AVilliam Davis. C. C; AV. I). A'alentine, P. C. C; G. AV. Carhart, V. C. ; John Blough, P.; L. E. ]5ru- ner, M. of F.; \V. D. Crow, lAI. of E.; B. F. Roe. K. of R. and S.; Alf. AA^ooster, M. of A.; A. E. Roach, I. G.; AV. AV. Jones. 0..G.; A. D. AVelton, L. AA'ilhelm and Thoma»"Martin, Trustees. This lodge^ has a handsomely fitted up Castle Hall, and is highly prosperous, both financially and otherwise. The present officers are: G. AA'. Car- hart. C. C. ; AV. Davis. P. C. C; John Blough. V. C. ; J. AA'. Cox. P.; J. C. Hammond, K. of R. and .S.; L. E. Bruner. .AI. of F.; AV. D. Crow. M. of E.; W. AV. Ham'ilton, M. at A.; L. Barney. L G.; AV. AV. Jones. O. G.; AV. D. A'.alentine, D. D. G. C. The present membership is about sixty-five. Mai)leton Division. No. 33, V. R. K. of P., was instituted January 21. 1889. with the following charter membei-s : J. C. Carritt. B. I). Butler, AA'. C. Roe, W. AV. Hamilton. A. J. Lynch. J. AA'. Cox. G. E. Spotswood, E. L. Crow, AV. D. Crow, AV. AV. Jones. A. D. AVelton. N. T. AA'ood. G. AA'. Johns, J. C. Hammond, L. Barney. C. H. Beam, G. AV. Carhart, C. AV. Gouhl. C. R. Nixon. AV. AV. .Maple. E. E. Richards, Alf. AVoosler. .1. P. AV.-lls. Thomas Martin. N. A. AVils.-y, M. L. Dudley. E. H. Rapier. LA. Maincs. The following officers were installed as the first to fill those pl.aces, and still hold the same positions: W. AV. Hamilton, Sir Kl. Com.; J. AV. Cox, Sir Kt. Lieut. Com.; E. L. Crow. .Sir Kt. Herald ; AV. AA'. Jones. Sir Kl. (iiiani; G. AV. Johns, Sir Kt. .Scnli. 352 MONONA COUNTY. iiel; L. Barney, Sir Kt. Recorder; and B. D. But- ler, Sir Kt. Treas. Iloskins Post. No. 87, G. A. R. was organize I June 22, 1882, and the following officers chosen: C. A. Robertson, C; William Keaggy, S. V. C; M. Morgan, J. V. C; J. Q. Adams, (}. M. ; II. W. Scribner, A.; George Dcdrick, Chap. ; II. T. Jonas, O. D. ; Harvey Huffman, O. G. Since then B. F. Cutter, W. H. Budd and J. (J. Adams have filled the position of Commander. The following is a complete roster of the oflicers and members .is at present constituted, with company and regiment of each taken from the books of the adjutant: Com. — John (}. Adams, Company L, Fourth Iowa.Cavalr3'. S. V. C. — William Smith, Company A, Thirty- fiflli Iowa Infanti-y. J. V. C. — Henry Ash, Company E, Eighth Wis- consin Infantr}-. Adj't. — Theodore F. Wooster, Company D, Thir- teenth New Hampshire Infantry. Q. M.— Dexter .\. Hall. Company A, Ninety-fifth Illinois Infantry. Surgeon — II. D. Nourse, Company L, Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Chap. — J. H. Kelley. Company M, Eighth Iowa Cavalry. 0. D. — W. S. Pershing, Company G, Second Kansas Cavalry. O. G. — Hugh Nealey, Company C, Twent3'-ninth Iowa Infantry'. Q. M. S. — Jesse Kesling, Company D, Eleventh Ohio Cavalry. S. M. — George Dedrick, C'omjjany A. Fourth Iowa Cavahy. W. L. Keagg3', Company I, Thirty- ninth Iowa Infantrj'. Harvey Hoffman, Companj' F, Twelfth and Thir- teenth Illinois Cavalrj-. E. I. Nourse, Compan3' F, Eighty-third Penn- sylvania lnfantr3-. B. F. Cutter, Company L, Fourth Iowa Cavalr3'. Alfred Robins, Companv E. Thirty-second Iowa Infantry. Elias HoUiday, Cunipanv I, Tliirl\ -ninth Iowa Infantrv. j\I. J. P. Jenness, Company D, Third Vermont Infantry. Joseph Ernst, C'ompan3- E, Sixteenth Iowa In- fantry. John A. Carroll. Compan3- F, Eleventh Indiana Infantry. Robert Carroll, Company K, Fort3'-seventh In- diana Infantry. Paik G. Ordwa3'. Compan3- L, Fourth Iowa Cav- alry. Samuel Ileisler, Company E, Sixth Iowa Cavalry. Abram Ledam, Com|)an3- H, F'ort3--fifth Illinois Infantr3\ Peter IIawle3', Company A. Twentv-ninth Indi- ana Infantr3-. A. J. Powell, Compan3' A, Nint3'-eighlh Illinois Volunteers. C. A. Miller, Company G, Seventh Iowa Cav- alry. James T. Grass, Compan3' G. Thirty-sixth Iowa Volunteers. James D. Giddings, Compan3' E, Eleventh Penn- S3dvania Infantry. Miles W. Richmond, Compan3- K, Ninth Iowa Infantr3'. J. W. McPherson, Conipan3- G, Thirt3'-ninth In- liana. E. E. Scott, Thirty-third Illinois. M3-ron Booth, Company I, Second Iowa Cavahy. Gem Cit3- Assembh'. No. 10,029, Knights of La- bor, was organized at Mapleton, April 19, 1887, by M. L. Wheat, .S. M. A, and is to-day in fair work- ing order, with a good membership of earnest workers. J. A. Wilcox was delegate to the State assembly in 1887. and Alf. Wooster in 1888. The Mapleton Business Men's Association was organized June 28, 1889, with the following officers : J. W. Cox. President; H. A. Hayungs, First Vice- President; J. B. C'oml3-, Second Vice-President; G. H. Hollandsworth, Treasurer; Alf. Wooster, Secretary; and J. W. Cox, Alf. Wooster, William Leathers, William Davis and H. A. Ha3iings, Ex- ecutive Committee. Meetings are held monthly, on the second Wednesday of each month. The Maple Valley Driving Park w,as laid out by a joint stock company in the summer of 1886. The association, which was formed about that time, MONONA COUNTY. 353 consisted of Porter Hamilton, President; John W. Smith, Secretary ; and Charles I. Whiting, Cyrus Greek. 15. I). Butler. G. A. Smith. Frank Crumni. Harry Butler and K. B. ChamberKiin. The jirounds. which are located just west of the depot, on the Northwestern Kailroad, are laid out with a good half-mile track, neat and tasty grand stand and other buildings, and here are held the agricultural fairs of this locality. In 1888, John AV. Smith bought up the stock of the other members, and on obtaining the whole of it, sold the property to P. C. Stire. the present owner. ciirnciiKs. The Mapleton Bajitist Church was organized March 31, 1868, by Rev. .James Paddock, under the name of the Maple Valley Church, and held services at the Bouslaugh Schoolhouse. in Center Township, for a time. The first tuembers were: Robert Paddock, Nancy Paddock, Catherine Pad- dock. Mary McCleerj% Susan A. Paddock, John Paddock and Andrew J. Paddock. After about a j'ear services were held at the residence of William McClcery. in Maple Township, and afterward at the Ring Schoolhouse, in Cooper. In the fall of 1879 they came to Mapleton. and held services in the Metliodist Church, in which building they contin- ued to worship until 1882. when the congregation had erected a house of their own. This edifice, which is a handsome brick one, is 32x.52 feet in size, well finished and furnished within, was put up at a cost of about $2,500. Five liuntlrcd dollars were donated by the Church Extension Society, the balance being raised by subscription. The follow- ing named gentlemen have htid pastoral charge of the little Hock that has grown and strengthened wonderfully, in the years that have p-issed. under their labors: Revs. James Paddock, John Paddock, J. E. Saunders. B. F. Goldsby. W. M. McKcndrick, W. II. Dorward, F. II. Mitchell. J. W. Huff, and Rev. Mr. Nelson, who h.id charge about four months during the summer of 1889. The church has no regular pastor at the present. It has a mem- bership of fifty-Cve, and is free from debt. A large Sunday-school is held in connection. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ^IIE State of loTFa, one of the greatest of the 'ff(i^\ uorth western couimoiiwcalths is composerl of ^^y ninety-nine counties and is bounded upon the north b}- Minnesota, on tlie east b}^ AVisconsin and Illinois, from which it is separated b3' the Mississippi River, on the south b}' the State of Missouri, and on the west by Nebraska, from which it is divided l)y the Missouri River, and by South Dakota, tlie Big Sioux River forming the division between the latter. Its area consists of 56,025 square miles or 35,850,000 acres. Its greatest length from north to south is 208 miles, and great- est width from east to west a little more than 300 miles. Its average elevation above the level of the sea is between 800 and 900 feet, yet within tlie State is the great water-shed that divides the waters of the streams that flow into the Mississippi from those that flow into the Missouri Rivers; the general direction of such watercourses being south- westerly, southerly or southeasterly, tiie gradual slope of the State being from north to south. The whole State is eminently adapted for the construction of good roads and railroads. Most of the surface was what the settlers call "rolling prairie," however it is losing much of its prairie character the prevention of the annual fires hav- ing caused the forest trees to encroach upon the prairie, and the settlers, also, having planted many trees. The soil, either a warm, 1 1.600; colored, 10.015; including 33 Chinamen and 4GG Indians. The whole region between the Mississippi and .Missouri Rivers in the Northwest, as well Jis much of the country south of the latter, was claimed b}' the Frencli on the ground of Marquette's discover- ies in 1673. and was transferred to .Spain by treat}' in 1763. In 1800-1 .Spain ceded it back to France and it was sold .as a part of the Louisiana i)uichase to the Lnitcd Slates in 1803. In 1805 the Louis- iana district, which included what is now the State of Iowa, was organized as a distinct Territory, with n government of its own. In 1812 tlie name was changed to Missouri Territory. In 1834 all that part of .Missouri Territory nortli of the .State of Missouri and west of the Mississippi River, was placed under tlie jurisdiction of Michigan Terri- tory, liiit in ls36 the Territory of Wisconsin was organized and Iowa was made a component part thereof, with the seal of government for Ihc whole Territory located at Burlington. In 1838. the Territory of Iowa was organized ami the following year the Capital of the same was located at Iowa City. Iowa was duly admitted to the Union ag a Slate, December 28. 1846. The Cai.ilal W!w re- moved to its present site, Des Moines, in 1857, at the lime of the adoption of the new constitution. The first white men to locale within the limits of what is now the .State of Iowa, were.Iulien Dubuque and some eight or ten companions. French traders, who located near the mouth of Callish Creek in the present county of Dubuque. These came litre to mine lead and here Dubuque remained, marrviii"- Peosta, the daughter of a chief and here died in 1810. After his death the settlement was aban- doned. In 1832, at Ihe close of the Black Hawk War. but before the extinguishment of the Iivlian title, several miners from (Jalena and .Mineral Point crossed tiie river and put up cabins at whai is now Dubuque. Among these were Lucius. .Tames. Solon and Edward Langworthy. Thomas JIc- Craiicy, Burr Aldcrson. Ilosea Camp, Noble F. Deanc. and a few others. In the following year settlements were made at various |)ointj3 along the river. an 3 3-e T^^"^* si- ^^ t.^^-^^. S V 0. -:_.%. !g3?^ ISAAC ASHTON. 'MBIOGRAPHIGALK^ ISAAC ASIITON. This lioiiored pioneer, the Uiird settler n-ithin the liniils of what Is now J Monona County, and who for many years was a rosidunt of the township that riijhlly bears his name, will long be held in remembrance b}' the people of this section of the State. From the time that he came here, when the lounty contained the families of Aaron \\. Cook and Josiah Sumner, he has seen it <;row, develop and fill up with an in- dustrious, thriving people, until it is what it is to-day. Mr. Ashlon was born in Hampshire County, Va., Jul}' 4. 1811, and is the son of Joseph and Mary Asbton, both of whom were, also, natives of the Old Dominion. When Isaac was yet a child the family removed to .Muskingum County, Ohio, then in the wilderness, where, sometime thereafter, the father died. Four years after the l.-vtter event the widow and her family reniovetl to Licking County. in the same State, where she, eventually, died. In the fall of 1832, Isaac Ashton was united in mar- riage, in Licking County, Ohio, with Miss Ruth Uriggs and made his home in that louAlity until the fall of 1842, when he removed to Hancock County, III. In the spring of 184C he came to Iowa an5j'.-KH-*>. ^^f ARON W. COOK, deceased, the first settler (@/lJ| ' in Monona County, was born in Otsego County, N. Y., September 25,1807. His father was a farmer and r.in a sugar bush at the foot of the Allegan}^ mountains in that por- tion of the "Elmpire State." In his youth Aaron received a good education, and early in life learned the trade of a miller and millwright. At the age of twenty-one years ho removed to Delaware, Dela- ware County, Ohio, where he found employment at his trade, and eight years later was engaged in running the engine in a paper mill at that i)lace. Wliilo there tlius employed, he married Miss Mar- tha Hurslier. in about the year 1832, and she be- came the mother of four children: Barbara Ann. .lames. Joseph .and Jacob. When the last named was about two or three months old, about the year 1812. Mr.-i. Cook died, and some two years subse- MONONA CorXTY. quciit, Aaron Cook wiis ajfain married, tlic lady on tliis ofcasion being Mrs. Louisa Lofrgc-lt. tlie wed- ding laJiing placo near Delaware. My this union were born two eliildren: Sanili .Jane and Mar}' El- len. In the fall of 1«17 Mrs. Cook was also called away b^' doalli. The same se.ison Mr. Cook came to Iowa, slopping for a lime at Council Hlnffs, l)ut spent tbe following winter al wliat is now Florence, Neb., then "Winter (Quarters." In tlie f.all of 1848, he located at Council l>!uffs, where the following fall he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Moore, who became the nii>tlier of three children: Klniira. David, Klizabeth. .She is still living, mak- ing her residence with her son-in-law, .lohn Jones in Colorado. In .September, lH.")l,in company witii bis son .lames, and .losiali Sumner, Mr. Cook made a trip to this county in search of bee trees, and seeing the advantages of the country. they returned here the Last of October of the same year with their families, and made a permanent settlement as alrca1LLIA.M (;. DOROTHY, one of the most \/jJr l""on)ineiit citizens in St. Clair Township Y'^ and one of it.^ earliest settlers, rame to Monona County June (5. 1873, from Wapello County, by team, in company with B. F. BimiIu r. 364 MONONA COUNTY. Wesley Jones. Christopher Wilson and John Q. Dorothy. After remaining a few days with his brother, J. R., and with E. Vandover. who had both been here about two years, he purchased the tract of land on section 10, vhere he now resides, then totally unimproved and the same summer commenced its cultivation, breaking about thirty acres and put up a small one-story house 14x16 feet in size. When he settled here people were "few and far between," there being but about twenty-eight voters in St. Clair Township. Here he hiis resided ever since and having built him a new house in the summer of 1881, is enjo3ing life as he should. Mr. Dorothy was horn in Hancock County, 111., May 22, 1843, and is the son of Archibald and Jemima (Bullingfon) Dorothy. His father was born in AVashington County, Ivy.. October 23, 1821, and with his parents removed to Edwards County, 111., when still a small boy. There Archibald was reared and received his education and attained to man's estate, after which he removed to Hancock County, and to Wapello Countj', Iowa, in 1844, whore he is still living. He has in bis possession land in that locality for which he received the pa- tent from the Government about 1847 or 1848, which has never been transferred. The mother of our subject, Mrs. Jemima (Bullington) Dorothy, a native of Orange County, Ind., was born June 22, 1823. Earlj- in life she was left an orphan, and was reared to womanhood by an elder sister. She married Archibald Dorothj^ in Henr}- County. Iowa, where she was living, in July. 1842, and in the spring of 1844 removed to Wapello County, Iowa. She was the mother of eleven children. When our subject was about eleven months old he was taken by his parents to Monroe County, Iowa, where he grew to manhood and received his education. He remained beneath the parental roof until March 8. 1SC4, when, having married, he re- moved to a farm of his own near his father's homestead, and with his young wife set up house- keeping. There he remained until May 22, 1873, when having sold his property in that locality- he ciuiu' to Monona County and lias m.ade this liis home ever since. Mr. Dorothy was married December 24, 1863, to Miss Mary A. Booher, a native of Indiana, and daughter of Peter and Hannah (Danforth) Booher. They have had a family of eight children: Archi- bald v., E^mma A., Cora F., Edward H., Clarion W.. Milton R., Nellie J., and Howard. They have also taken to rear one of Mr. Dorothy's sister's chil- dren, Gertie E. Vandover, both of whose parents are deceased. -^- -E^-. ^^^EORGE ROSS, who is engaged in farming flj ^~ on section 20. in the town of Spring Val- ^>^5| ley, was born in Jackson Townshii), Har- rison County, Iowa. !March 13, 1856, and is the son of William and Salina (Johnson) Ross. Both of his parents were natives of England, his father born in Yorkshire, September 6, 1834, and his mother in Cheshire, April 4, 1836. Jonathan Ross, the paternal grandfather of our subject, came to the United States from P>ngland, and settled in New Jersey, when his son, William, was about eleven years of age. From that State, in 18.51, he removed to Council Bluffs, and a short time after to Crescent Cit}% Pottawattamie County, where he is still living, having reached the age of seventj'-eight j'ears. William Ross, the father of our subject, is a resi- dent of Jackson Township, Harrison Count3% where he is engaged in carrying on a large farm. He is the parent of nine children, of whom our subject is the second. George was reared upon his father's farm, and received the elements of a good educa- cation in the common schools of his native county, but on his marriage left the parental roof .and es- tablished a home of his own on a farm in Harrison County. There he remained until March 8, 1886, when he came to Monona County and settled on the place where he now lives. In his political views Mr. Ross is a Democrat, but sometimes votes the Union Labor ticket. Having the inter- est of the agricultural classes at heart, he was for some time connected with the Farmers' Alliance. Mr. Ross was united in marriage in Harrison County, March 13, 1878, with Miss Sarah Ballan- tyne, a native of Monona Countj'. Iowa, and the MONONA COFNTY. 3C5 y the wild bees, and discover- ing the large amount of rush beds in the county upon which cattle could be fed all winter, and the proximity of the timber to the river baidi. the elders decided to return here and make a settle- ment, bringing what cattle they coulil get of their neighbors to keep through the winter at twenty-live cents a month i)er head. Returning here the same fall they drove a herd of about one hunilred and lifty head, which .lames herded in the above mentioned beds, and assisted the family in settling themselves in one of the three de- .serled shanties which they found on section 30. For several years he herded cattle in this man- ner, and took a large share of the hard work off of his father's shoulders, although he was but a boy at the time. After the decease of his father, which took place .January 1, 185G. James took charge of the family, and kept them together for about two years. On the breaking out of the Pike's Peak excitement .our subject, in company with others, started for the newly discovered mines, but on their ro.ad thither changed their minds and went on to California, lie remained in the latter .State, engaged in mining, some eight 3-ears, but in Ma}', 1867, returned to Monona County. Finding that the rest of the family had deserted the old homestead, he took charge of it, and having pur- chased the rights of the other heirs in it. has brought it to a high state of cultivation. This is situated on sections 7 and 8, Sherman Township, his resi- dence being on the former. Here he has remained ever since. James Cook was married December 15, 1867, to Miss Sarah Barcus, a native of Ohio, and daugh- ter of John and Phidelia Barcus. They have been the parents of the five following children: George M.; Willie, who was drowned in the Missouri River in 1876; Addie May, James K.. Charles L. -♦-e— ^6?^\ELS0N i). BEALL, the present Assessor of III )' Spring Valley, of which township he is D one of the leading farmers, residing on sec- tion 22, was born in Linn County, Iowa, December 27, 1842, and is the son of Vincent and Rachel (Jenkins) Beall. His father, a native' of Virginia, was born in the western part of that State, August 15, 181 1, anil the following year was taken to Ohio by his parents, where he grew to manhood anil there December 1.3, 1836, he was married. His wife was a native of Nova Scotia. The young couple emigrateil shortly after marriage to Illinois, and from Ihere in 1840 came to Iowa and settled in Linn County, among its pioneers. The 36G MONONA COUNTY. family remained in Linn County until 1856, the fatlier in tiic meantime serving as Sberiff for four years, and in other minor offices, when they re- mover! to Taylor County and there took up farm- ing again. After having served as a member of the board of supervisors, Mr. Beall died July 28. 1885, his wife having preceded him in death in 1863. Mr. Beall had been engaged in school- teaching in his j'ounger da3's, and lie and his wife were zealous members of the Methodist Church. Nelson D. Beall remained with the family in Linn and Taylor Counties, assisting his father in his farm labors until August 9, 1S62 when, filled with the patriotism that covered our country with march- ing columns of men pressing forward in defence of the Union, he enlisted in Company F, Twentj'- ninth Iowa Infantry, and served out his term of service in the southwest. He participated in the battle at Helena, Ark. and the expedition that led to the capture of Little Rock, under General Steele, and at New Orleans and Mobile was sta- tioned for some time. Though this was one of the best disciplined and bravest regiments of the war, it was long kept from participation in active ser- vice by being stationed in Arkansas. Being on de- tached duty as teamster near Spanish Fort, in March 18G5, our subject was taken prisoner and held for over a month, when he was paroled and came home until exchanged, but the war being then over he was mustered out of service and discharged at Davenport. June 19, 18G5. Returning to his home in Taylor County Mr. Beall engaged in farming, which he followed in that localitj' until coming to Monona Count}^ in 1882. with the exception of the summer of 1870, which he spent in Nevada. In politics he is a Democrat, and possesses considerable influence in the local councils of that party. Mr. Beall was married April 7, 1867, to Miss Mary E. Cadle. a native of Claiborne County-, Tenn., who was born Februar3' 2, 1849, and is the daughterof Green B. and Elizabeth (Moore) Cadle, the fiirmer a veteran of the Mexican War. Her parents, natives also of Tennessee, settled in Davis County, Iowa, in 1851, whence the}' removed S'.orlly after to T.aylor Count}', where her father (lied July 27, 1863. Her mother is a resident of Colorado Springs, Colo. The latter was the mother of seven children, four boys and three girls, of whom JIis. Beall is the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Beall are the parents of three chil- dren: Cora May, born July 18, 1868, who died September 27, 1875; Frank L., born November 29, 1876, and Alta D., January 23, T879. Mrs. Beall is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. '^^- ^ RNE SKOW, who was born in Norway AJj December 13, 1859, is the son of Lewis and I IS Rachel Olson Skow, and came to Monona ^ County in the fall of 1884, and July 30. 1888, vvas united in marriage with Mrs. Annet (Clemon) Thoreson, relict of Nels Thoreson, de- ceased, and is the parent of one child, Rungnvald Lorens, born February' 26, 1889. _j ^^ ^ O^ELS THORESON, deceased. This respected fj gentleman who was engaged in farming on ^ section 1, Spring Valley Township, came to the county in 1868, late in the fall, his family fol- lowing him in the next summer, and settled upon laud purchased for him by his brother, Knud, in 1867, which contained about one hundred acres. His affairs prospering, owing to his energy and in- dustry, he was enabled to add to this so that at the time of his death he owned a farm of some three hundred and forty acres. He was born in Norway, July 8, 1848, and was the son of Nels and Carrie (Knudson) Thoreson. His father dying in 1851, in 1856 he came to the United States with his mother and settled in La Crosse Count}', Wis., from which he came to Monona County as above stated. December 21, 1870, Mr. Thoreson was united in marriage, in Soldier Township, with ^liss Annei Clemon, a native of Norway, born December 28. 1852, and the daughter of Ole and Elizabeth (Hansen) Clemon. The lady came with her parents to the United States in 1867, and settled in Rock iMONONA LOl NTV. 307 County, Wis., from wliicli, in 1870, the family came to Monona Count}' anil settli'il on the SoUlior Kiver. 'riaTC lier niollier died Sei)tpnil)cr23. 1888. lier fatiier still surviving. Mr. Tlioreson departed this life May 13, 188.), having been tbe father of seven children: Clara L., born October 17, 1871; Theodore ()., May 20, 1871; Carl O., July 20, 1870; Martin, November 20, 1878; Haldon, April 14, 1881 ; .\lfred N., Septembe- 7. 1883. who died August 22, 1889; and Nels, l)orn Auirusl 1, "188.'). t I KROME 15. IIAHLOW, an enterprising farmer residing on section 31, in the town of Siiring Valley, w.as born in the township of Kgypt, Monroe County, N. Y.. near the city of Rochester, August 1, 183:^. His parents, Henjaniin 0. and Hannah (Morrill) Harlow, were i!!itives of Orli^aiis County, Vt., bom, the former in IT'.IM. and the latter in 1803. After his parents' marriage in 1828, they removed to New York al)out 1831, where they resided until 1838, at which (lute they settled in Branch Count}-, Mich. They remained in that SUile until 1850. when they re- movel to Lake County, III. in 1852. the father Went to California, wlience he returned in 1857, and in 1800 they came to Iowa and located in Fayette County, where the father died in .lanuary, 1807. The mother of our subject died in Spring \'alley Township, August 27, 1880. His father was a car|)enter. wagon and carriase buihler. and (juite a musician, being a member of one of the Rochester bands in early life. .leromc IJ. Harlow removed with his parents to Michigan and to Lake County, III., and grew to manhood on a farm, receiving a common-school education in his youth. October 2, 1858. he wsis united in marri.ige witli Miss Harriet S. Crawford. a native of St. Lawrence County, N. Y.. born .lune 17. 1835. and daughter of William and Harriet ( llilliard ) Crawford. Her parents were born iu Orleans County. Vt., her father March 31, 178'), and her mother May 28. 1793, anpanoose County, Iowa, M.ay 18. 1806. Wiiile upon a rented farm in Whiteside County. Mr. Harlow came to Iowa, anil for a part of a year resided in Fremont County, and a part of a year at Strawberry Point, Clayton County, and then re- turned to Illinois. -i-H-I^KS^^^-S- jILLlA.M T. WRKillT, M. 1).. a |Mailicing physician and surgeon, who located at the village of Ite, .lanuary 18, 1889, was born in Lewes. .Sussex County, Del. ..September 1. 1850. and is a son of William ajid Rachel (.Smith) Wright. His parents were natives of London, England. His father, who came to this country in early life, wjis an architect in Ualtimore. Md., but w:is educated for the ministry in the Episcopal theologicnl semi- nary, at Alexandria. Vs., and after his marriage, together with his wife, w.is engaged in mission work in .\frica. Returning to America, he has been employed as a missionary in various StJites of the Union, locating I'lnally at ( Irinuell. Iowa, where he is at present living. Our subject came to low.i witli his parents in 1800, and after receiving his elemcuUnry ediic.ition in thx! common schools, entered the Iowa Slate University at Iowa City, where he remained during 368 MONONA cor XT Y. the years 1873-1874, but completed the Ifterary branch of his education at Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio. Here he became a member of tlie two old college societies Phi Beta Kappa and Beta Theta Pi and was graduated at the head of his class. After teaching school a j^ear, he matriculated in the medical department of the Michigan State Univer- sity at Ann Arbor, in 1879, from which institution he was graduated June 21), 1882. Locating at Denison, Crawford Count3-, Iowa, he commenced the practice of his profession, and while a resident there, he held the office of County Physician for some five years. lie came to Monona County and the village of Ute as above stated. Dr. Wright united with Dowdell Lodge, No. 90, K. of P., at Denison, and was one of the organizers and charter members of Silver Lodge, No. 224, of the same order, at Ute. He is also a member of the Modern Woodmen, of tlie camp at Denison, which he helped organize. In politics he is a Kepublican, and was chosen by the voters of Monona County at the November elec- tion of 1889, to be their Coroner for the ensuing two 3'ears. ^^J^^EORGE E. LOYI). u prominent and well- jfj (_-, known farmer of St. Clair Township, and '^S one of its largest land owners, came to this county in the spring of 1874, and settled on eighty acres of land whicli he purchased on section 14. Having broken about forty acres of the prairie and constructed a shanty, which was partly a "dug-out," he took up his home there, and for four years lived in that manner. Conquering adverse circum- stances, he has gradually improved his condition until the little farm has expanded into nine hundred wide-spread acres, and the inconvenient shanty re- placed by a modern cottage, neat and commodious. Mr. Loyd w.as born in M^asliington Countj-, Va.. January 6, 1838, and is tlie son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Marten) Loyd, natives of the '-Old Dominion." His father, Thomas Loyd, was born in Fauquier Conntj', ^'.•l., in 1813, his father, also, Thomas Loyd, having been born in the same county, in 1761. When a young man, Thomas Loyd, Jr.. the father of our subject, removed to Tennessee, where he made his home until 18.50. In the latter 3ear lie removed to Iowa, and settled in Appanoose County, liut in 1880 came to Monona County, where he is now living, hale and heart}', on his farm in St. Clair Township, being now seventy- seven years old. He was twice married, the first time in 1834, to Miss Elizabeth Marten, and by this union was the parent of eleven children. Hi? wife died in the spring of I860, and in 1865, he was united in marriage with Mr.s. Salinda Frast. Mr. G. E. Loyd's great grandfather, also Thomas Loyd, was a native of Virginia, but his father, tlie great great-grandfather of our subject, was born in England, and came to America when a young man in Virginia's colonial days. With his parents, when he was a child of but seven j-ears of age, George E. Loyd removed to Hancock Couutj', Tenn., but in 1850, a strong tide of emigration setting toward Iowa, the family came to this State, and after a two jears residence in Davis Countv, permanently settled in Appanoose Countv. In the latter localitj- our subject grew to manhood, receiving the benefits of the educational facilities of that county, and made his home with his parents until attaining his twenty-first year. Starting out in life for himself, he essa^'ed farming in the same county, where he remained until the spring of 1874, at which date he sold out and came to Monona Count}-. Mr. Loyd was married September 28, 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Stapleton, and by this union there has been a famil}' of thirteen children born: Lucretia, deceased, William A., Elizabeth, Dellcad, Clara. Martha A., Thomas, Lemuel, Zadie, Eliza, Bessie, Grace and Jessie. -fe TEPIIEN TILLSON, JR.. of the law firm of Oliver Brothers & Tillson, was born in in the county of Monona, December !), 1859. and is the son of Hon. Stephen and Esther Davis (Case) Tillson, sketches of whom appear elsewhere. He is a graduate of the law department of the Iowa State University, and has MONONA COINTV. fliarjjc of the nlistinet brniich of tlir firm's luisi- nc'ss. He was mariied April 28, 188G. to Miss Tcna M. Johnson, a native of Norway, and is llie parent of two children : Kuth M.. deceased, and Riifiis S. OKORGK A. DOUGLAS, the present County . Auditor, w.as born in Rpuison. Oneidii County, N. v., March 19, 1«I5, and is the son of Samuel and Emily (Roberts) Douglas. Our suiijcct. at the age of eighteen, removed to Hamp- ton. N. Y.. and eng.nge*hip. For two years he tried single l)lessedne.-s. keeping house in a dug-out cabin, but the third year boarded with K. A. Stapelton, of whom be rented a piece of land. In 1875 he (•ipiatted upon the land now occui>ied by the town site of I'te, and built hiui a sod hoiise, in which he lived and ke|)t bachelor's hall until January. 1877. Again renting a farm, he there m.ado his home for two years, at the expiration of which he purchased hi' present place, ujMjn which there wji.s no other improvement than a small shanty. Here he re- sided, breaking up the land and bringing it into cultivation, until the fall of 1882, when he put up his present residence. There were but few settlers in this part of the county at the time of his coming here, and few, if any, frame houses, most every- thing in the way of houses being dug-outs or sod cabins. Mr. Caldwell, a native of Marion County, Iowa, was born Noven)bcr 18, 1850. Reare9 lie came to Iowa with liis father's family, hut after a yearV residence in Harrison Count}' thty retunieil to Connecticut. When he was aliout nine years of age tiiey made amiliier trip here, and again wiien he was eleven years old. At this latter time, with his mother and brother, he settled at Dunlap, Harrison County, wiiere I e frrew to years of discretion. In January 1878. he commenced life as drug clerk for Will- iam (iiddings, the le-idingman in that lineat Logan. He spent five years as drug clerk and Deputy I'ostni.aster in the store of Satterlee ife Patterson, previously to his entering the employ of Mr. Gid- dings. He remained with the last-mentioned gen- tleman until January, 1881. when returning to Dunlap, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, which (illic-e he tilled for two years. From that time he acted as Assistant Postmaster until coming to Monona County. .Mr. Roberts was marriern Sept. 18, 1854, in Vermont. They are the parents of two children: Marie Louise and Bessie L. ^ip^EORGI-: R. JOSLIN, of the general mer- if s|i chandise firm of Joslin, ElgglestonA' Son. at \^il Maple Landing, where he also carrifs on a a blacksmith-shoi), was born in Cleveland, Ohio. January 25, 1847, and is the son of Welcome and Mary Joslin. At tiie .age of seven years the fam- ily removed to Michigan, and three years later to Canada, from which latter place, with his piireiits. our subject came to Monona County. The family arrived here in the spring of 1868, and settle, 1859, to Miss Martha J. Combs, and they have had a family of ten children, as fol- lows: J. L., who is preparing for the ministry at Winfield, Kan.; J. 15., who died in 1864; X. Z., who is married and carries on a barber shop in Whiting; Carrie, who died in 1875; W. W.; J. M., a l^ieutenant in the Salvation Army, at Ft. .Scott, . Kan.; F. I.; Mary F.; Kdith, who died in 1883, and M. A. I Col. William Sudduth. the grandfather of our j subject, was born in Fauquier County, Va.. August I 25, 1761 or 1762, and removed to Kentucky when some eighteen years of age with the early pioneers of the •• Dark and Blooily Ground." and was subse- quently Surveyor of Clark County when it em- braced all of Northern Kentucky, from Louisville to the mouth of the Big Sandj- River. In 1794 he led twelve hundred mounted Kentucky riflemen to to join the army of (ien. "Mad Anthony" Waviie. and brought on the action at Fallen Timb:?r, when the Indians were so signally defeated. He had two sons in the army during the War of 1812. one of wliom died in the service, and the other. Col. James Sudduth, was cruelly murdered near Owingsville, Hath County, Ky., in September, 1862. by the rebels. Having a large relalionslii|) our subject had a number of relatives who fought in the ranks upon both sides during the Civil War, the rebel Gen. Hood being one of them. Mr. Sudduth's mother died December 19. 1847, leaving him alone without brother.or sister. jg^J^^^t : . ^/ILLIAM RILEY. Among the early settlers ocated in what is now St. Clair Town- ip, is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, still one of its Ijonored and respecte'l citizens. He came here in April, 1870, and for several years was engaged in farming on rented land, but in the spring of 1875 he purchased a tract of land on section 11, raw prairie, excpt what impr tvements he had placed upon it himself, \Jf wholoct WS ship, is 371 MONONA COUNTY. and tlicre has made his home ever since. From these humble beginnings he has increased his store by the exercise of those talents that mark the suc- cessful farmer, and to-day has a beautiful and commodious cottage, surrounded by two hundred and forty acres of land, one hundred and thirty of which are devoted to cultivation, and is ranked among the affluent and well-to-do people of this section of the county. Landing here without one dollar in money, having invested the last of bis means in a pair of boots, he came with but three head of cattle and a span of horses, and for sev- eral years was compelled to struggle hard against adverse circumstances, but the outcome has been a glorious reward. Mr. Eiley was born in Lawrence Countj', Ind., July 19, 1842, and is tlie son of William and Mar- garet (Butler) Kilcy, natives of Louisville. Ky., and Clark Count}', Ind., respectivelj'. At the age of fourteen years, after laying the foundation of his education in the district schools, he removed with his parents to Appanoose County, Iowa, where he grew to manhood. Starting out in life for him- self he rented a portion of his father's farm and there m.ade his home until the spring of 1870, when, with the idea of bettering his condition, he came to Monona Count}'. He was married Octo- ber 16, 1866, in Davis Count}', Iowa, to Miss Anna Bailey, a native of Van Buren Count}'. Iowa, and daughter of Orange and Liddie l^ailev. By this union there has been born a family of twelve children: one that died unnamed in infancy, Eliza- beth, Sina. Rachel, Delia, Benjamin, William. Charles, Henrv. Nora. Lulu and Maud. z^?=^OTTLIEB C. LOIIMANN, who is engaged 11 <=^ '" farming operations on section 23. St. '^^1 Clair Township, where he settled in the fall of 1874. on coming to Monona County, was born in Seliessel. Hanover, Gernumy, July 18, 1827, and is tbe son of Carl H. and Margaret (Beiirens) Lohmann. He received his education in his native land and there made his home until January, 1851, wlien he went to London, England. April 7, 1852, he started for America and arrived in New York city, June 24. Remaining in the metropolis until May 5, 1854, he then started for San Fr.incisco and the gold fields of California, and, engaged at mining, made bis home in that State until .January. 1861. From there he went to Grafton, Ozaukee County, AVis., where he was engaged in farming until 1874. On the 8th of October, 1874, he started for Monona County, and soon, upon a farm, put up a little house. This was burned down March 31, 1875, with a loss to him of over §500. This he replaced shortly after, and has kept on improving his farm, to which he has added from time to time until he now has five hundred and sixty .icres of excellent arable land, some two hun- dred and forty of which is under cultivation. All is well fenced, and upon it he has a beautiful and tasty residence besides the one which he erected in 1875, now occupied by his son Edward. He has also two fine barns and excellent sheds and outbuildings on the place. Mr. Lohmann, in obedience to the law of his na- tive State, June 24, 1848, entered the German army .•IS a member of the Fifth Battery of Light Artillery, and served until October 1, 1849. During the late Civil War, on the 13th of October. 1864. he en- tered the United States service in Company K, Si.xth Wisconsin Infantry, which became a portion of the Fifth Corps, and participated in several of the con- tlicts in the Appomattox campaign, chief among which was the battle of Hatcher's Run, February 5, 1865. He was discharged July 13. 1865. at Jef- fcrsonville. Ind. •Mr. Lohmann was married November 30, 1870, to Miss Theresa N.athlith. at Grafton, Wis. She is tiie daughter of Ernest and Fredricka Nathlith. By this union they have one child, Alvena, born March 21. 1874. This is Mr. Lohmann's third wife. His first wife, Miss Amelia Wendt and he were married at Grafton, September 5, 1862, and by their union had one child. Edward, born October 8. 1863. who lost his mother October 17, of the same year. Ed- ward, now grown to manhood, married Miss Lizzie Riley, September 5, 1886, .and is the father of two children: AV^illiam R., born September 8. 1887, and Clara A., born February 10. 1889. Mr. Lohmann, September 10, 1864, married Miss .^.i^VS-Sii J . L . BARTHObOMEW. MONONA CorXI-Y. Matilda Natlilitli, a sister of liis presciil wife, who was tliu motlior of one cliilil. J^ouis, boni April 16, 18t)6. Mrs. Matilda Lobniann died May 15, 1«69. J I AMI-:S L. BARTHOLOMEW. This gen- Ij llemaii Is proiniiiently known throughout I Spring \'alley Township and the county, as ^l, one of its enterprising and successful farm- ers, and as a leader in those projects tending to the moral and financial advancement of this comniu- nily. Coming to this county- October 25. 1869, with limited means, he and his famil}' and their household belongings in one prairie schooner, drawn by a cheap horse team, he h.*»s built up one of the finest farms in that section of the county-, and has been the sole architect of his own fortunes. He seltletl upon a farm which he renlef .lames Uartholomew. His father, a native of Ksseseshire, Kngland, came to the United Stales, and settled in Dearborn County. Ind AVhile there he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Alden, a native of Dearborn County, and the daughter of Samuel .1. Alden, a descendant of the famous Puri- tan, .lohn Allien, who came over in the M.iyllower. in l*i2ii, and who is the hero of Longfellow's poem. After his marriage, the elder .Mr. Hartholomew re- moved to Ti|>pecanoe County. Ind.. where he was employed in farming and brouin-niaking until March 2, 1849. when he was called upon by the angel death to cross the dark river. His wife died at the home of her parents in Dearborn County, about I«59 or lsC>(l. Her father, wliii was born about 1799. carried on farming and fruit raising until his death, which occurred in 1879. Our subject who w.ia one of three children born to his parents, his father dying about the time of his birth, remained with his mother until he wa.s about four years of age, when he became a member of the family of Jacob Osburne at Valparaiso, Ind., and afterward with James Lee, in Ripley County, and an uncle for some three years, until his mother w.as again niari'ied. Thus he"i)assed the time drift- ing from one to the other, until some ten years of age. In December, 1861, he went with an uncle, who was an officer in the Fifty-second Imliana In- fantry, anai Church, allhiiugh funiu'riy coniu'ctcd with the lJa|>list com- iiHiniun. Mr. and Mrs. Wiiicgar iiave a family of six chil- dren: Lorena Bell, wluj was born .hine 7, 1878; Kdith, November 3, 1880; Artie, born .September 28. 1882. and died the same day ; Lcroy 1).. born •lannary. 12, 188."); Klla Hlanche. August 8. 1887. and Ann, October 1*, 1889. -sse^J' ♦ i ^ IcILLlA.M L. WILKY, the proprietor of the \ ■kJ/l ^'-'I'lc Valley .Stock Farm, on section 33, \)y'^ JIaple Township, and section 4, Center To^vnshii), came to Monona County, January 1, 1883, from Henry County, 111 , and located on the l>lace where he at present resides, in JIaple Town- ship, purch.ising eleven hundred and sixt}- acres uf I'xcellent land. He brought with him two car- loails of gradeil Short-horn cattle and Ilambleton- ian iiorses, to which he has .added largely, keeping on hand now, generally, aliout fifty horses and one- hun♦<>• SJv"^^- -«.*- ^OUN W. KONKLE,a veteran of the late war, came to Monona County in February. 1882, and settled on the farm on section 22, Lake Township, where he now lives. Mr. Konkle wa§ born in Hardin County, Ohio, May 19, 1844, and is a son of John and Sarah Kon kle. lie received his education in the district schools of the Bucke3-e State, and lived at home with his parents upon the farm until he was eighteen years old. But the surge of rebellion had swept over the land and the Government was calling for men to defend the Union. Our subject, though but lit- tle more than a boy. felt the fires of patriotism burning strongly in his breast.and in August, 1862. enlisted in Company D, Forty fifth Ohio Infanty, and set out for the seat of war. In the forefront of many a stricken field the flag of his gallant regi- ment was found, and young Konkle was alw.ays present when dutj- called. During the terrible soige at Knoxville. Tenii., when Burnsidc's com- mand was entirely surrounded for twenty days by the rebels, the Fortj'-fifth bore their part nobl}'. At Sweetwater, Tenn., at Franklin and in the sanguin- ary engagement at Nashville, our subject bore him- self gallantly. He also participated in the race through Kentucky and Ohio in the summer of 1863, after Gen. John Slorgan, who was then mak- ing his famous raid. At the close of hostilities, Mr. Konkle was mustered out and discharged at Columbus. Ohio, in June, 1865, and shortly after- ward joined liis parents wtio had removed to Edgar County, 111. Four months later he returned ■ to Ohio, where he made his home for about two years. One year he spent in Michigan, returning to Illinois where he resided until 1869. In the fall of that year he removed to Fremont County. Iowa, where he had made his home until coming to Monona County. There were no improvements upon his place where he settled in Lake Township, excei)t that about sixt3- acres had been broken. With the vim characteristic of. the man he went to work and has brought it all to a high state of cul- ture, and has a neat and handsome place, well-im- proved. The marriage ceremony which united the destin- ies of John W. Konkle and Miss Louisa J. Koons, took place in Edgar County, 111., November 2. 1869. They have been the parents of seven chil- dren, all of whom are living: Alvin A., born Au2:- ust 18, 1870; Lula P., October 9, 1872; Lora M. and Cora S., twins, born Februar3' 27, 1877; Bertie L., born March 27. I 881 ; Verda E., March 1, 1884 ; Alma J., July 31, 1887. Mrs. Konkle is a native of Dearborn Count}'. Ind.. and daughter of Samuel and Margaret Koons. ^JiH Ji -j} : ^ — = ,Tp\)OBERT PATRICK, deceased, one of the Igif' pioneers of the eastern part of the county, 'a\ W and one of the first to settle in what is now ^^ St. Clair Township, was a naiive of Shelby Count}', Ky., and was born in 1812. "NA'hen aliout twenty-two j'ears of age, on account of his aboli- tion sentiments, he removed to Indiana, and settled in Decatur County. There ho resided twenty-nine veais on a faiin which he had entered, but in 1865 MONONA COUNTY. 381 itiiioVL'd lo Moiiuiiii County wilb his family, ami localc'il ii|)uii SL't'lioii 22, 84, 42, in what is now M. Clair Townsliii). Here lie diud January 28, 1883. In 1S31 lie married Miss Naiicv lihuk, who liorc him eight children, and is still living, hale and heart}', at the advanced age of seventy-six years. W! II. WUNDEK. .Sonic men are born to he the leaders of the opinions of other men, „ ^ and some to follow the lient of ideas not their own. Of the former class we have an excel- lent representative in the late able and energetic eilitor ann section 31, West Fork j Township. Ileisa native of Holmes County, Ohio, ' born .Innuary 31, 1844. and is the son of James A. and Cvrilla Folwell. In his chililhood he removed to Madison County. Iowa, with his parents, where he leceived his education, and remained for about eiglit years. At the age of thirteen years he started mil to win life's battle for himself ami made his home with W. H. Easton, in Aflair County, this Stale. In 1862 he sUrted for the great West, and I was employed in various cajiacilies at a number of , pl.accs on the Plains, making no particular plaie 382 MONONA COUNTY. Ill's liome. for six years. In .Tune. 1868, he came to Monona County and went to work on tlie grade, on the Sioux City and Pacific Raih'oad, then in course of construction. He continued at this work, and in keeping boarders, the hands working on tlie road, until the spring of the following 3'ear when he broke up about twenty acres of land on a farm on section 24, 85, 46, West Fork Township, belonging to him and his brother. The remainder of the season he was employed in railroad work, after which he was engaged in hauling logs and lumber to the sawmill near Onawa. Early in 1870 he settled on the farm in section 25, from which he removed to his present residence on section 31, 85, 45, in March 1873. Mr. Folwell was united in marriage June 30, 1870, in Ashton Township, with Miss Isabel McCain, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of S. W. and II. McCain, natives of the Keystone State, and by this union is the parent of three children: Ella M,, James A., and Eval3'n, all of whom are living at home with their parents. ^ ^^.^ ^ 55^ OCKATES SMITH, one of the well-known residents of this county, has his home on section 13, Kennebec Township, where he is engaged in general farming and stock- raising. He was born in Lyons, Monroe County, N. Y., May 28, 1813. His father, Ebenezer Smith, a native of Massachusetts, served well and gallantly in the Continental Army during the Revolutionarj^ War, entering the service with his father, Abner Smith, and seven broth(!rs, and served his country for four years, the others remaining about a jear longer. He was a farmer, miller, and a distiller at the town of Arcadia, in Wayne County, which had formerly been a part of PholpsTown, and died in that locality in 1844. His wife, formerly Miss Sarah Appleton, died in 1865. Abner Smith, the grandfather of our subject, after a long life of use- fulness, died in Ciiester, Mass., reaching the ad- vanced age of one hundred and fonr years. When Socrates Smilii first left iiome, on attaining his majority, for about three years ho was engaged in horse trading, and then entered into speculating in wheat, and having made a large amount of monej' easily lost it without much effort. During the yearsT847-48, he was engaged ii^the raising and distilling of peppermint in Wayne Count}', N. V.. and had one of the finest plants for that purpose in the world. He was the first to use steam tubs, in- stead of the ol >n the second l»attle of Hidl Run and in the l)attle of Cedar Mountain, in which he received t»vo wouiMs and was sent to Carver Hospital at Wash- ington. From the latter he w.as sent to Portsmouth drove, R. I., and there discharged, in December, 18(i."5, and returned to his home in Ohio. Three years later he removed to Tama Count)', Iowa, but only remained there about two years, re- turning to the home of his father and renting the old homestead. There he remained four \'ears longer, after which, in Bowling Green, he ran a livery stable for two years. After living five years more on the old home farm, he came to Decatur Count}-, Iowa, and in that and Harrison County, m.ade his home until coming to St. Clair Township, Monona Countj% Iowa. Mr. Norris was married October 27. 1864, in Delaware County, Ohio, to Miss Aminda C. McMaster. a native of that county, and they are the parents of eight living children: William G., Clara A., James W., Arthur E., Olulu H., Aminda 15.. Rebecca M. and Margaret F.. and are now the happy grandparents of two noble bo3S, the sons of William G., Jr., and Dolly (Loyd) Norris. the daughter of G. E. Loyd of .St. Clair Township. Mr. Norris has been a resident of this town ever since first coming here, with the exception of three years spent in Morton County, Kan., whither he went in 1885, in search of health, and there engaged in the improvement of one hundred and sixty acres of land. This, in 1888. he disposed of and returned home. -^v^ ^-^;t^i\;it5<-*^— l.l.l.Ml W. COI'ELAND. deceased, came to Monona County some time during the year L^ 1873. from Marshall County, HI., and |>ur- chased about one hundred acres of land on section 26, Kennebec Township, upon which his wicUiw now resides. To this original investment, land has been addetl from lime to time, until the farm now contains some two hundred and ninety-five acres. Mr. Copeland was born in Riewer, Penobscot County, Mc, January 18, 1844. and was a son of Renjamin F. and Susan (Waters) Copeland. When our subject was about nine years of age. he wrs 384 MONONA COUNTY. brought to Mt. Pleasant, Henry County, by his parents, who settled in that loe.ility. During the late Civil War, Benjamin F. Copeland entered the service, and being captured by the rebels, was sent to Libby Prison, where he most likely died, as he was never heard of afterward. His widow lived with her daughter in AVisconsin until the latter died, but in June 1876, came to this county and made her home with her son, and died here July 18, 1886, at the age of sixty-seven years. Elijah Copeland was reared in the eastern part of this State, where he made his home until coming to Monona Count3% and for several years was exten- sively engaged in dealing in cattle. His health failing him, he went into the agricultural imple- ment business at Castana, with W. H. AV'aple as a partner, and continued in that line until October 3, 1887, when he sold out to Mr. AVaple. He died December 26, 1888. April 8, 1874, Mr. Copeland was united in mar- ' riage with Miss N.ancy Hall, a native of New York, and a daughter of John E. and Mary (Stewart) Hall. Her father died in the winter of 1887, the mother having preceded him in death in 1848. Mrs. Nancy (Hall) Copeland was born Septem- lier 1, 1846, and received an excellent education in the district schools, finishing at the academy at Ar- gyle, AVashington County, N. Y., her native town. After teaching at home several terms, she was in- duced bj^ .an uncle living in Illinois, to come to that part of the Union, and was engaged in school teaching, when she made the acquaintance of her future husband, and came with him to Monona County. She has been the parent of the following named six childien : Kate H., John F., Helen F., Mary E., Susj- M., aud Laura. John F. died Au- gust 11, 1879, at the age of two j^ears. t^ UGH LYTLE, deceased, one of the earliest j; settlors of Monona County who took a ^-Y/r^ prominent part in the organization of the 5Q) same in the spring of 18.J4, came here and settled at the village of Preparation, in 1853. He wa- a native of Ohio, born M.ay 29. 1810, and when about thirty-eight years of age removed to Illinois and settled in Hancock County. Thence, in 1848, he went to St. Louis, Mo., and in the fol- lowing year to St. Joseph, the same State, where he made his home for several years. He had spent about six months in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, in the summer of 1848. where he engaged in farm- ing, and in 1853, came to 3Ionona County, and settled. He was elected the first Treasurer and Re- corder of the county, and re-elected his own suc- cessor in August, 1855. Before the expiration of his term of service, however, he resigned the posi- tion and in A])ril 1858, was chosen to fill tiie office of County Sujierintendent of common schools. He died September 30, 1881. after a life of usefulness and activitJ^ >-^ir^^" -Er ENRY AY. CUNNINGHAM, the present I) City Marshal of Onawa, came to this count}' January 1, 1866, and during the :)j first summer worked out on a farm. He then took up the mason's trade which he followed during the summer months, teaching in the winter, which he followed until the spring of 1868, when he rfmoved to the farm which he had purchased on section 14, Franklin Township. There he re- mained engaged in the tilling of the soil, until the spring of 1882, wiien, renting his jilace, he re- moved to Onawa, where he has since made liis home, working at his trade during the summer and teaching school in the winter months. He was elected Marshal in March, 1888, and re-elected in the spring of 1889. As Assessor of the village of On.awa he is also serving his second term. Mr. Cunningham was born in Franklin Count}-. Me., April 26, 1844. and is a son of Jeremiah E. and Mary A. (Hitchcock) Cunningham, both of whom were natives of the same locality. In the fall of 1876 his parents came to Monona County, and made their home with their son until their death. Both of them died in 1869, the mother February 22, and the father April IG. Our subject, the eldest of four children, grew to manhood on a farm in his native State aud received M()Nt)NA COlNTr, ;jK5 a high sdiool crliiration. At the hjic of eighteen he eomnienoed toacliing sciiool which he lias fol- loweil mostly every winter since. He was married in Ashlon Township, Monona Coiinly, Deccnihcr 24, 187;^, to Miss Ada M. Norwood, a native of M'arren Coiiiity, Pa., and daughter of K. M. Norwood, wiio came to Monona County in lH(i7, and settled in West Fork Township. Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham arc the parents of four children: OilTord H., who was horn May 15, 1870; Leonard K., August 27. 1877; Claude B. K., January 24, 1879, who died November 18, 1879, and (ieorge 11., horn November T). 1880, wiio died December 28, 1886. In politics Mr. Cunningham is a Demo- crat. - • jg^^#^^- •- JJOIIN W. RKKD, an extensive and promi- j nent farmer and stock-raiser of St. Clair ' Township, came to Monona County in ' August, 18.59, with C. F. Buss and settled in the southeast part on the lioyer Hiver in that section of the count}', that was afterwards annexed to Crawford County, one of the earliest settlers of that locality. There he made his home until August 18. 18G2. when he cnlistcrospered in his imderlakings owing to intelligent and well directed efforts, has added to his farm, piece by piece, until he is now the owner of some five hundred and sixty acres of highly productive and fertile land. When he located here there were but few settlers, and those that were here were all living in sod houses or '•dug-outs," and the house which he erected that spring, and in which he still resides, was the first frame buililing put up in St. Clair Township. John W. Reed, the son of Joseph and Maigaret J. (Jaques) Reed, was born in Pickaway County. Ohio, Maj' 7, 18.37. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania. On the 12th of June. 1870. in Soldier Township. Monona County, Mr. Reed w.is united in marriage with Miss Ilettie E. Agens. a daughter of Henry and Mary A. Agens. To them have been bnrn five chddren upon the following dates: .lesse M , May 11. 1871; Nellie, July 17, 1873; Gertie L., March 15, 1875; Harry C. July 10, 1882, and Kllie M., November 26, 1888. Nellie was transported to her heavenly home, .September 2, 1874. J JONATHAN K. MORRI.SON. Among the I old settlers of Monona Countj'. there are per- il hai)S but few who are more widely known /' than this the pioneer hotel keeper of the vil- lage of Onawa, Monona County. He came to this sec- tion of the State in August, 1855, in company with Timothy Elliott, and Joe B. P. Day, with a view of looking up a location for a town site on the line of the proposed Iowa Central Air Line Itail- road.and being entirely satisfied with the result of his observation here, returned to St. Charles. Kane County. 111. In June, 1856, Mr. Slorrison came 386 M UN UN A CUUNTY. back to Monona tounty with his famil}- and others, and located on tiie Sioux River, near where Cas- tana now stands, in the town of Kennebec. In a short time, however, Mr. Morrison removed to the village of Ashton,then the count}- seat and engaged in hotel keeping. Being one of the Monona Land Company, he was interested in the new village of Onawa. then just laid out, and in July, 1857, com- menced the erection of a hotel at the latter point, the old Onawa House, which he carried on until August, 1864. Selling the hotel and the business Mr. Morrison removed to liis farm on section 16, Franklin Town- ship, wliere he was extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising for ten years. In the fall of 1874. having erected a fine brick residence, he removed to Onawa. In 1882 he again purchased the old hotel and continued its landlord until 1887, and in Nov- ember, of that year, owing to failing health, he re- linquished the business, and removed to Arroya Grande, San huis Obispo County, Cal. In the fall 1889 he returned to this his old home. Mr. Morrison was born at Sanbornton Bridge, now Tilton. N. H., near Lake Winnepesaukee.about 1820, and was reared on a farm. He learned the mason's trade in Boston, Mass., and at that voca- tion, labored for several years. From the latter city he removed to St. Charles, III., about 1850, and from the latter came here as detailed above. He was married, while in Boston, to Miss Mary N. Page, a native of Bristol. Jle., wiio was born in 1818. who became the mother of t\vo children: Herbert K., of whom a sketch maj- be found in these pages; and Mollie E., now the wife of George E. Warner, whose life narrative is also included in this Alblm. ! ULirS T. CUTTER. Among the young men who »re engaged in business in the ris- ing little village of Castana, and who are liolpiiig to build u]) that place, is the subject of this epitome. Mr. Cutter is a native of Kenne- bec Township, Monona County, Iowa, and was born July 2. 1869. He is lh« son of Benjamin F. and Lizzie '(Da,3') Cutter, natives of Maine, who settled in this count}' in 1856. He received his education in the district schools of his native township and was early initiated into the hard work attendant upon life on a farm. He assisted in carrying on his father's place until he was some seventeen years of age. at which time he started out in life for himself and at first carried on agricultural pursuits for about a year. In December, 1886, in company with John R. Oldis, he erected and stocked a livery barn in the village of Castana, which the}' operated together for a short time. Soon Mr. Cutter retired, his partner purchasing his interest, but in September. 1887, our subject repurchased the business and is at present engaged in carrying it on. He is a young man full of life and energy, and of good business habits and prom- ises to make a mark in this world. OCJC ^^RASON VANDOVER, a prominent farmer 11 (—. and stock-raiser residing on section 15, St. ^^i|l Clair Township, is ■' one of ihe fading line of blue" that stood in the " red front of battle" in defense of their tlag and country. He is a native of Perry County, Ind., and first opened his eyes beneath the roof of his parents, John and Lucinda Vandover, October 20, 1843. AVhen about sixteen years of age, in company with his widowed mother, •he came to Iowa, and in June, 1852 located in Wapello County. The same fall they removed to Appanoose County, where he was living at the time of the outbreak of the rebellion. August 21, 1862, feeling called upon to aid in the suppression of the Confederacy, he enlisted in Company C. Thirty- sixth Iowa Infantry and was mustered into the service at Keokuk, October 4, following. With his gallant comrades he was engaged at Mark's Mills, El- kin'sFord, Camden, Ilelena.Jenkin's Ferry, and other places during the Little Rock expedition. Many of the men yielded to the malarial influences of that baleful climate and died, and April 25, 1864, to add to their misfortunes, the regiment, with the exception of some sixty men, were captured by the rebels. Mr. Vandover being on detached duty. MONUNA C'UIM'V, 3><7 escaped this ealamity. Returning to Diivall's HlufF. lie was liiere iiiii.slere>l out, Aiiijust 20, IHCio. rceeiving his ilischarj;o August 21, 18G5. anil re- turned to A|)|)aiu)Ose County. There he remained until the spring of IHGS, when he moved to Monroe County, from which, in the spring of 1(S72. in com|>any willi O. B. and A. .1. Reynolds, he drove through to Monona Counly. spending some thirteen days on the road, and settleil on the farm where he now lives, lie put up a small frame house, and comineneed the cultivation of the soil and has prospered in most of his undertakings. In 1875 he erected the dwelling in which he now lires, a neat, comfortahle and commoditius one. While a resident of Appanoose County and hefore shouldering his musket, .luue 12, 18C2. Mr. ^'andover was united in marriage with Miss .lulia A. Re\-nolds, a native of Wayne Count}', Ind.. and daughter of Gordon anil Racliel Reynolds, and by this union is the parent of eleven children: .lolin E., born April 2. 1863; Sarah K.. June 6, 1866; Mary E.. January 14, 18C8; Marshal O.. July 26, 1870; James A.. August 27, 1872; William A., January 4. 1874; lliram E. : Adolijhus R, Sep- tember 28. 1879; Clarence A. E.. August, 27, 1882, Isiwc E. and Adda P., August 28, 1884. These are all living except John E., who died July .'). 1863. James A.. December 22. 1874. Adolphus R., October 18, 1879, and Clarence A. K.. Feb- ruary 4, 1883. ylLLIAM 11. DAVIDSON, a respected mem- ber of the farming community of Lincoln ^^ Township, having his residence and real estate upon section 1.'). came to Monona County in the spring of 1882, and the first year raised a crop on a rented piece of land. The following fall he purchased the home wliere he now lives. Mr. Davidson, a native of Ashland County, Ohio, was born Septemtier II. lHrJ.anok MONONA COUNTY. 389 [dace Auiiiist 10. 1874. Luin K. was born Novcin- ber i;]. IK7t), and died SeptenilitT 1, 1883. Mrs. (Irillin. a datiijlitcr of Fri'cuian and Martha liun- ni-ll. was liorii in C'rawfornglish, the fifth son of William and Martha English, w.as born in Kent County. Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada, August 28, 1842. there being a family of eight children, seven boys and one girl, all who grew to maturity but one. In childhood he received a fair education in the com- mon schools and at the age of eighteen commenced Icaruing the shoem.akers" trade at which, after he had fully m.istered it, he worked for about fifteen years. Early in 1885 he determined to come to the United States and crossing the border came westward in search of a home which he found in Monona County, as above noted. Believing in the Divine suggestion that "it is not well for man to live alone," on the 18th of March. 1873 he was united in marriage with Miss Maria E. Ilamil. a native, also, of the county of Kent. Canada, and daughter of Joseph and Eliza- beth llainil, she being third in a family of fifteen children, nine girls and six boys born to her pa- rents. Around the hearth of Mr. and .Mrs. English are gathered a family of eight children, the register of whose birth is as follows: Partlienia A.. P'eb- rnarv !, 1874; Margaretta E.. June 18, 1870; Will- 390 MONONA cor NT Y. iam J., .January 21, 1878; James A., March 12, 1880; Sarah E., November 21, 1881; John H., October 30, 1883; Andrew W., December 12, 1885; and Alvingston, October 30, 1889. The first six were born in Kent County, Canada, and the last two in Lincoln Township, Mouuna County, Iowa. Mr. Euglisli is enj^aged in general farming and pays some attention to stock-raising in which lat- ter he has met with considerable success, the rich lands of the Missouri bottom affording fine forage and with but sliglit cultivation, raising large crops of corn. In his youth liaving learned the princi- ples of agriculture, he is now profiting by the les- sons so early instilled into liis mind. ^ ^-# J- J LIVER DAVIS, a respected and esteemed farmer of the town of Lake, having his home on section 6, came to this county in June, 1865. At that time he settled in Kennebec Town- ship, on a small farm which he purchased, and there made his home until 1880. In the latter year he sold the place and purchased the farm of two- liundred and forty acres where he now lives. This was at the time without any improvements. Mr. Davis was born in Lee, Strafford County, N. H., February 21, 1821. AVhen he was about nine jears of age his parents, Mr. S. and Mrs. L. Davis, removed to Somerset County, Me., where he grew to manliood. In tiie district schools of the time and place he imbibed tlie elements of a good common-school education, and assisted his father in carrying on the farm until the fall of 1850, when the excitement over the discovery of gold in the rich placers and gulches of California lured him to that far off land. He was engaged in searching for the golden (hist with some success until June, 1853, when lie returned to Maine. During his absence hisnn)tlicr had died, and for the first year after his return he carried on the old homestead farm, but growing dissatisfied he sold out and moved to Dane County, Wis., where lie engaged in farming for about ten years. Having heard of the fertile region lying in the great Missouri bottom, in 1865 Ue left his home in the " Badger State " and drove across the country with an ox-team, and after an extended trip located in Kennebec Township, this county. In Palmyra, Me., November 10, 1850, Mr. Davis and Miss Rebecca P. Lowell were united in mar- riage. The^' have a famil3- of four children, born as follows: Lydia J., November 21, 1851; Fran- ziskcr E., June 10, 1855; Alderado S., Januarj' 1, 1857; and Lois A., April 22. 1859. Mrs. Davis is a daughter of Thomas and Eliza Lowell, and was born in Stafford County, N. II. TIMOTHY ELLIOTT, au old pioneer of tiie countj-, was born in Norfolk County', Mass., October 12, 1819, and after attaining man- hood engaged for eight years in school-teaching. He then entered the ministry of the L^niversalist Church, where he remained eight years more. He came to Monona County in 1855, and removed here the following year, and settled at Onawa in 1857. In 1861 he emliarked in the mercantile bus- iness, which he still carries on. %Ji RS. CATHERINE FOLCK me HOOK, set- tled on the site of what is now the city of li Onawa, November 1, 1854. She owned a tract of forty acres of land which was pur- chased by the Monona Land Company, and is part of the ground platted. Mrs. Folck was born in Berne, Switzerland, De- cember 15, 1805. She was married in her native land — but her husband dying, she came to the L'niled States in 182C, in company with her father, John Martin Hook, and sttlLed in Pennsylvania. While residing there she married John Shoates, and was the mother of three children. Her husband came West in search of land and died. The widow removed "to Greene Count}-, Ohio, and in due time was united in marriage with Abraham Folck, a na- tive of Pennsylvania, of (Jerman ancestr}-. They removed to Clinttiu County, Iowa, while this was MONONA COUNTV. 391 yet a lenitory. about I 835. ami there Mr. Folck etijraired in fanning niiri niiliwriglitiii'^. He Imilt a mill in tlitit section of llic comitiy wliicli lie ran for a minilier of years. During llie excitement at- tonilant upon llie discovery of gold in California, in Marcii 1819, he crossed the plains to the new Kliiorado, where he engaged in mining, lie was the part owner in one of the first quartz mills set up in that region. He dic on section 17, and in August, 1888. entered into a partnership with his father anasscd the time until Gen. HootI advanced on Nashville, when, rejoining his regiment, he followed its colors into the thickest of tin- .'nvf'il i-ii n^n'o tirii marked 3!)2 MONONA COUNTY. tlie fearfiil baltle before that place. On the utter rout (if the Confederate forces, Mr. Patrick took part iu following their retreat, and was present and in action at the battle of Decatur, a place where he had fought once before that year. He re- turned to Chattanooga, and there remained until June 23, 1865, when h« received his discharge and returned to his home. In the fall of the samej-ear he started by team, with his familj', for Monona County, reaching their place, in what is now St. Clair Township, November 1, 1865. April 30, 1871, in Maple Township, Monona Countj', Mr. Patrick was united in marriage with Miss Fannie E. Adams, who died October 31, 1876, after having been the mother of three chil- dren, born upon the following dates: Joan O., April 15, 1872; Angeline M., March 27, 1874; and Cora A., March 1, 1876. September 26, 1882, in Washington County, Neb., Mr. Patrick again essayed matrimony, wedding Miss Rosa Geary, a native of England, and the daughter of George and Eliza Geary, and by this union is the parent of four children, as follows: Robert G., born July 5, 1884, died August 16, 1885; John A., born July 4, 1885; Arthur W., April 25, 1887; .and Al- fred E., April 28, 188'J. Mr. Patrick received the the appointment of Postmaster at Ute, August 8, 1889, and is the |>res- ent incumbent of that office. --3.^ f-HOMAS J. PERRIN. The farm belonging to this well-known gentleman located on 'i' sections 29 and 32, Spring Valley Town- sliip, is noticeable on account of the thoroughness with wliich it lias been cultivated, its handsome and comfortable building, of which a view is given in this work, and the general air of iiirift and indus- try which pervades the wliole place, and shows con- clusively that the proprietor is a thorough mastei- of agriculture. Mr. Perrin was born in Walwortli County, AVis., September 5, 1811, and is tlie son of Charles C. and Hannah (Williams) Perrin. His parents were natives of Troy. Rensselaer Countj', N. Y., and af- ter tiieir marriage removed to Walworth County', wliere tiiey settled in an early day. Having united with the Church of Jesus Clirist of Latter Da}- Saints, Charles C. Perrin came to Council Bluffs in 1845, and while a resident there, enlisted in the United States army during the Mexican War, and served some two years. Returning to Council Bluffs b_v waj- of Salt Lake, he came to Preparation in 1853, being among the first to locate at lliat vil- lage. He was engaged in farming, and made his home at that i)oint until i)is deatli, whicli took place March 25, 1889, when he had reached the age of seventy-seven j'ears. His wife died in the same township. May 14, 1871. Thomas .1. Perriu, the eldest of a family of six children, came to this county when about thirteen years of age, .and received his education in the pio- neer schools. He was reared upon a farm where he was peacefully pursuing his vocation when the tocsin of war sounded through our land and sum- moned so man}' youths to the battle-tield. Imbued witli tlie patriotism due to his heroic sire, October 13, 18G2, he enlisted in Company E, Sixth Iowa Cav- alry, and served in tlie Northwestern Territories under Gen. Sully, in his campaigns against the Sioux Indians. After serving three 3'ears, he was houorabh' discharged November 15, 1865, at Dav- enport, Iowa, and took up his agricultural calling. He has prospered most highly in his efforts toward a competency, and is one of the wealthy and in- fluential men of the township. He is the owner of about eleven hundred acres of land lying in Mon- ona and Harrison Counties, and is largely interested in the stock business. In his political views he affiliates with the Republican part}', and has most acceptably filled several of the minor offices wliich he h.as considered it a duty to accept. Mr. Perrin and Miss Patience Bowermaii. plighted their mutual faitli at the marriage altar, January 8, 1872. The lady is a native of Canada, born April 28, 1844, and the daughter of Josiah and Sarah (Brewer) Bowcrman. Seven children have gath- ered around their family fireside, whose births oc- curred upon the following ilays: Sarah Minnie, April 14, 1874; Charley Alfred, July 2, 1876; «=s « A. A' '■ ^ 5^:=:^ r^r: Residence of T. J. Perrin , Spring Valley. )t- .,*f- ' f: "f|i f--i ' -t'^r-f i-ilviiil-i -.yj^t ;}{i t; ij V 1-U.i ' ( ' 1 5r Residence OF Robert G. FAiRCHiLD.5EC.ir Franklin Tp., MONONA COINTY. 3!)j Wayne Josiali, September 11. 1878; Carrie Diana, November -22, 18S0: Dora .Mabel. June 2. 188.3. | Walter LeKoy, Octobi'r 7, 1885; and Orval Hairi- soii, .Inly (5, 1888. . ICIIAEL IIITTLE. Among those whose il\ patriotic lieioisni left all to stand in, both he and his father received their discharges, and returned to Monroe County, where oursuliject made his home until the spring of 1879, at which date he made a tiip into Western Kansas and Colorado, the next year coming into Monona County. Of the eight children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Hittle, the following is a record: Lizzie J., was born Januar}' 12, 1862, and died February 17, 1863; Clara A., was born August 21, 1866; Jacob E., was born July 20, 1868, and died in October 1874; Thomas J., was born June 22, 1870; William A., was born July 8, 1872, and died May 10. 1873; Alice L. and Albert N., were born August 10, 1874, the former of whom dieil February 2.5, 1876, and Andrew M., born (Jctober 30, 1876. Mr. Hittle's fatlier and mother make their home with him in this county. ■^'■OIIN (i..S.Mrni.a prominent fanner and ^tock-dealer of St. Clair Township, residing on section 3.T, first came to Monona County on a visit in the summer of 1884, and liking the appearance of the eountrj', purchased a farm where he now lives, upon which he settled early in 1887. After attending to his business in the west- ern part of the State, he came here in the spring of 1886, but while building his house and gelling his place ready, made his Jiomc with his son-in-law, .Stephen 'Depue, until the date above given. To the .Milwaukee Land and Town Lot Company, he sold some one hundred and twenty acres of his fa-in. U|>on which Ihey laid out the village of Ute. .Mr. Smith, a native of WilUes County, N. C.,wa.-> born .lune 20, 1818. ami moved with his parents. 396 MONONA COUNTY. Josluia and Nanoy (Whitley) Smith, when he was some five years of age, to Monroe County, Tenn., where among its vallej's and mountains, he grew to manhood. In tiie spring of 1836 he came to the lead mines at Galena, III., where he remained until the summer of 1838, and then, in company with a lirother. he made a claim in Jackson County, Iowa, among its earlier settlers. There he made his home, engaged in tilling the soil, until the spring of 1862, when removing to Clinton County, he purchased a farm north of the city of Lyons, upon which he re- sided until the spring of 1884. Mr. Smith was married at Potosi, Wis., January 28, 1841, to Miss Lucj' A. Hopper, the daughter of James and Annie Hopper. The lady, a native of Kentucky, was born February 28, 1821, and was taken bj- her parents, while an infant, to Parke County, lud., where her mother, shortly after died. Witli her father, in the fall of 1833, she came to Galena, 111., but was deprived of her remaining par- ent, in June 1834, he being carried off b\' the cholera. She made her home from that time until her marriage,with her brothers,sisters and other rela lives. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the parents of eleven cliildren, ten of whom are living, whose births oc- curred on the following dates: Albion C, December 16, 1842; Mary L., March 24, 1843, and died in June, 1844; Ellen M., November 2, 1845; Sarah K., February 14, 1847; Nancy A., June 14, 1849; Mar- garet v., March 31, 1851 ; John G., March 6, 1853; George F., April 19, 1865; Lucy M., May 15,1857; Alfred J., September 5, 1859; and Arthur E., Api d 22, 1861. — -im^: V|( AMES W. STEEL, a representative agricult- urist of the county, residing on section 25, in Spring Valley Township, is a native of Em- met County, Mich., born January 26, 1851. His parents, Eli .Steel, born near Brentford, Canada, and Mrs. Mary F. (Austin) Steel, a native of Wa- tertown, N.Y., were married in Michigan. In 1857 they came to Iowa and settled at Janesville, Bre- mer Count3', from which they removed later on to Butler, to Lee, and thence to Decatur Counties, in the latter of which th( father died in May. 1870. ^ He was born in 1825. The mother of our subject, b'/rn in 1833. died at Shenandoah, Page County, July 4, 1884. Both of his parents worj members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- ter Day Saints. Our suliject who is the eldest of a family of ten children, came to Iowa with his parents and moved with them from county to count3', .assisting in tak- ing care of t!ie old people until his marriage. This event took i)lace January 26. 1876. at which time he was united with 3Iiss Augusta M. Putne.y, who was born in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, May 18, 1S54, and is a daughter of Elder J. M. Putne_y, of this count}'. After his marriage he engaged in farm ing in Page County for about one year and in Decatur County for two j'ears, but in the spring of 1879 removed to Kansas, settling in Lane County, where he was engaged in cattle raising. In the fall of 1881 he came to Monona County and pur- chased tlie farm where he now lives, which contains 160 acres of well tilled land, where he is engaged in gener.al farming and stock-raising, and quite ex- tensively in improved bee culture, an industry which he commenced in the spring of 1885, and has now some fortj'-two colonies or swarms in mova- ble frame hives. In this branch of his business he has met with the success his enterprise and energy deserve. Mr. and Mrs. Steel are members of the Reorgan- ized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, of which society Mr. Steel is the present Secretary. Six children have been born to our subject upon the following dates: Mabel E., November 30. 1876; Gertrude A., November 3, 1878; George Putnej', July 4, 1880; Nellie L., November 10, 1882; Mary E., October 8, 1884, and Bertha A. December 28, 1887. ■ l i ■ 3»>^^^»-g-« *■ ,,>^EORGE W. OLIVER, one of the old settlers Ashton ral pur- suits on sections 24 and 25, in Franklin Township. Mr. Oliver was born at Bridgeton, Cumberland County, Me., May 31, 1811. He traces his ancestry back to George Oliver, a native of Bridgeport, II (— ^ of Monona County, who located in A 'VijAl in 1857, isnow eng;aged in agricultura MONONA C'OINTV. 397 Knglaiul. and Nancy (Nortlisim) Oliver, his wife, ulio emigrated to America in 178C, and located at Portlanil, Me. He was a carpenter 1)}' trade and followed that line of business until the day of his death. His wife died at I'ortlanil in 1787, having bceu the mother of two children — William and Nancy, the latter of whom died in infancy. Some time afterward he married Miss Cybil, but by this marriage had no issue. His son William Oliver was born in Kngland. May 1G,177IJ. and came to America with his parents, working at carpenter work with his father in Portland. After a time he removed to Hridgeton, where he married Miss Hannah Fowler, a native of Cumberland County, that State, born December 31, 1773. I'liey had a family of fifteen children, eight buys and seven girls, and died at Bethel, Me. — the mother, January 27, 1848; the father, October 1 1. the same year. (leorge W., the seventh son and tenth child of his parents, received his education and grew to manhood in the .State of his birth and followed farming, car|)entering and shoemaking. In 1846 he came West, locating in DeKalb County, III. and after a time emi)lo3'ed on a rented farm moved to .St. Charles, Kane County, where he followed car- pentering until the spring of 1857, when became to Monona County, arriving at the village of Ash- ton on the 2d of .luly. For about two months he and his family made their residence in the ok? court-house at Asliton, in the meantime erecting a lutnie in the uewlj' laid out town of Onawa, into which they moved about the IStli of September. He and his son, Franklin G., both worked at car- penter work that summer, but in the fall the subject of this sketch removed to the farm on section 25. which he had traded for, where he has since lived. .Mr. Oliver has the general reputation of being an excellent workman and good calculator, and his genial dis|>osition has won him the esteem of his neighbors. lie has always been a great favorite with the children and many of those who he knew a? such in early days, although grown to manhood and womanhood, still remember him with esteem and affection. In his political principles he was formerly a Democrat antl cast h's first vole for .\ndrew .lackson for President. He afterward alliliated with the Whigs and Votcl for William Henry Harrison and hard cider in 184('. Since the organization of the Ke|jnblican parly he has been idenlificd with it. and in 1888 deposited liis ballot for Henjainin Harrison. Mr. Oliver was united in marriage April 5, 1832, with Miss Hannah Ridley Adams, a native of that part of Kennebec County, now known as Franklin, Me., who was born April 6, 1807. Of this union there have been three children: Mary P., who was born August 4, 1833, the widow of Alfred V. Hans- com, now living in Sioux Township; Franklin G. who was born F'ebrnary 19, 1835, and Hannali F., who was born Ocober 20. 1844, and is the wife of D. W. Sampson. -^-^^ (* IfelLLIAMD. FKGKNBL'SH, one of the old- \jjj/l est residents of the town of Lake, was W^ brought to this county b}- his father when a child, in the spring of 18.56. The family set- tled in Ashton Township, in the old dirt caliin, so often spoken of in this work, on the shores of Sil- ver Lake, where they remained until the fall of 1859. At that time the family removed to sec- tion 28, in Lake Township, where they were among the first permanent settlers. William D. Frgenbush, the son of Tobias and Caroline (IJarringer) Fegenbush. was born in Jackson County. Ind., JIarch 20, 1852. In the fall of 1855. he removed with his parents to Tama County, Iowa, and in 1856 to this county. He was reared in Lake Township upon ^his father's farm, receiving his education in the schools of Ibis C(-unty, in their pioneer days, and at the age of twenty-two, up to which time he had Jissisted his father in carrying on the home place, he removed to a farm on section 14, then belonging to his father, which he purchased in 1882. His reminis- cences of early d.iys are quite interesting and may be found in their proper place iti this volume. He remembers distinctly, while yet a small boy, going with his father to Council Bluffs after the .simplest farm machinery, that being Iheir nearest market. Having come here quite an infant. Mr. Fegenbush h.is grown up with the county, antl is an excellent 398 MONONA COUNTY. I representative of the persevering, enterprising class of citizens that lias developed its resources. Mr. Fegeiibush was united in marriage October 28. 1877. with Miss Elvessa A. Pock, the daughter of AV. J. and Mary (White) Pock, of Lake Town- ship, and by this union has had four children: T.iua A.. Leroy W., Relton D.. Lelah A. Mrs. Fegeiibush is a native of Holt County, Mo., and was born May 28, 1857. -l-f +-r- iDWAKD WINEGAR, one of the prominent l|-;j old settlers of Monona County, now a resi- / |L-^ dent of Kennebec Township, on section 28, , came through Monona County in October. 1854, with a surveying party who were engaged in sec- tionizing in Woodbury County. They were in the latter place at work until January 1, following, and Mr. Winegar remarks that " so rera.arkable was the fall that they could make the land mark mounds eas- ily with a spade up to Christmas day." He then re- turned to Harrison County, where he worked at the carpenter's trade until September, 1857, when he came to Monona County', and settled in Belvi- dere Townshi)), on section 18. He pre-empted some eighty acres of land which, in the spring of the following year, he commenced breaking and brought about twenty-five acres under cultivation. Here he remained until 1863, when the homestead law, which had been signed in the fall of 1862, coming into operation, he sold out, and took as a homestead the north half of the southeast quarter of section 28, which has since been his home. To this eighty acres he has since added, until he now has a fine farm of three hundred and twent}' acres, upon which he keeps some twelve head of horses, and seventy-five of cattle. Edward Winegar was born in Ashtabula Countj^ Ohio, June, 24, 1833, and is the son of Frederick D. and Lodema Winegar, a sketch of whom is given elsewhere. Reared and educated in Hancock County, III., whillier he had been taken by his parents in 1837, our subject attended school during the winter months, until 1847, when he came to Iowa with the family, who located in Pot- tawattamie County. Thence he removed to Har- rison County, an.l to Monona County, as above stated. In 1859 at the time of the Spirit Lake massacre, some of the people of his neighborhood felt it was best to find out something about it,[so Mr. Winegar started for Smithland on a tour of investigation, and met upon his road something like fifty teams carrying away the frightened settlors. Mr. Wine- gar, who had been upon the Indian reservations at work several times, was not so alarmed. On his arrival at Smithland he found the people building a fort out of hewed logs, having come to the de- termination to stay by their homes and fight it out rather than retreat. A few days later, the scare, like many others, died out. and things began to as- sume their former shape. Mr. Winegar was married February 22, 1860. to Mr.s. Mary Jane (Lytic) Anderson, a native of Ohio, who was born in Sandusky County. Decem- ber 15, 1831, and was the daughter of Hugh Lytle. By this union there "have been seven children: Anna M., Ev.aline, Orsia F., Cora N.. Carrie E., Jennie L. and Charles E. AMES C. PIKE, of the firm of Pike & How- ard, dealers in provisions and meat, at Onawa, came to this county September 10, 1870, and established this business. Mr.Pike was born in Fayette. Kennebec Count}\ Me., August 25. 1846, and is the son of Peleg F. Pike, a native of that State. His father, who was born in 1812, was a farmer, and a prominent man in the Old Pine Tree State, and served in the State Senate during the sessions of 1861-2. He married Miss Mary Cofren, and was the parent of seven children. Mrs. Pike died August 6, 1867, and Mr. Pike w.as again married, this time to Mrs. Marcia A. (Fuller) Lake, and by this union had one child, Mnry L., who died near AVhiting while on a visit to her brother. Lewis Pike, in October. 1884. Our subject grew to niMnhood on a farm, but. April 1. 1867, set sail for California from New York, going by the way of Aspinwall and Panama. AlONUNA CUlM V. 3J9 Arriving at .Sail Fiaiicisco April 2;J. lie remained there a short liiiie, and Iheii went to Mendocino where he engaged in the hulchering business. In Sfptemlier, 1M70, he eanie to Onawa. Mr. Pii\e was married at Whiting, Noveiiilier 18, 1 877, to Miss Klorilla Howard, who was lioni at Leeds, Me., in 18.'>4, and by this union Ihev have three children: Frank 11., wlio wasliorn .lamiary t. 1871); Cora M., October 15, 1881; and Kdiia M., December 19, 1883. Mr. Pike is a lvi'|iublicau in politics, and has been a member of the city council. Mrs. Pike is a member of the Congregational Church. ^iB^- -E^— 4 VUllN (iKAY.who is engaged in farming on I sections 12 and 13, township 83, range 46. in (lie civil township of Franklin, was born in Canada, on the shores of Lake Erie, JIarch 20, 1822. He is the son of John and Janet (McC'all) Cray, natives of Scotland, who emigrated from that land and settled in Canada about 1819. The father died there in 1884. having attained the ripe age of eighty -seven yeare. The mother died in 1880 at eighty -six years of age. The subject of our sketch was reared at home until he had reached the age of fifteen, and then began the l)attle of life for himself, working dur- ing the summers in Michigan at the fisheries on Lake Huron. This he followed for about eight years. s|H'nding the winter months under the roof- tree of his parents. At the expiration of that time he purchased a farm in the near neighborhood and commenced agricultural pursuits. For about a year ami a half he w.os satisfied to keep bachelor's hall, but N<»vember Ij, 1845, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Fisher, a native of .Scotland, who had come to Canada when about a year old with her parents. The young people settled upon his farm, where they made their homo for about live years, when he disposed of it and purchased an- ollier in a more favorable situation. On this latter place he and his wife and family lived for twenty year> Lacking five da^-s, and then traded it for an- other. On the last mentioned place five years of t'icir life were spent, after which, in 1871, they came from Midillesex County, Canada, to Clinton. Iowa, by rail, anil from the latter point by team to Monona County, landing here May 13 of that year. He at once purchased one hundred and six- teen acres of land, where he now resides, which had on it at the time a rough log house covered with sod, and had but about one acre of it broken. He paid ¥835.00 for the place, including five hundred rails, five cows and a fe»v pigs, and from this hum- ble beginning h.a.s wrought out. by his own energy and business tact, his present highly cultivated farm and well-to-do condition. This, too, in spite "f his losses by the great hail storm of .luly 19, 1872. when he lost nearly everything. Mr. and Mr. Gray have had a family of eleven children, as follows: Alexander F.. Janet, Mary A., John IL. Angus O., Sarah, Daniel, Lillie. Bessie M., Josephine, and Hurt D. Mr. Gray's father fol- lowed the business of a shepherd among the hills and valleys of ■■ Auld Scotia;" but his grandfather, who lived in a village, mended and made shoes for a living. ^liOlIN H. Ml Bi:.\TH,a farmer living on sec- tion 34. Lake Township, is a native of Clinton County Mo., and was born Febru- ary 28, 1848. His parents were James and Amner B. McBeath.who were of .Scotch descent. He remained at home with his parents until he had at- tained the age of twenty-two years when he visited his sisters, Mrs. Omer Irish and Amanda K. Irish, in this county. After staying here six months he went to Laramie City. Albany County. AVyoming Territory, where he remained until the fall of 1M7I. The following winter he spent in Nevada, and the summer at .South Mountain. Itlaho. Returning to the State of Nevada, he was there employed for three years, after which he settled in California. In the fall of 188.^ he came to Monona County ami settled in Lake Township, making his home with his brother Wilson. Two years later he renteil the widow Irish farm, on section 34. where he now resides. In 1888 he purchased a farm of one liun- drc'l and sixty acres of land on section 27, all of whi'-h is improved. The exjMirience born of travtl 4C() MONONA COUNTY. lias beeu of undoubted benefit in contributing to iiis success in life. .Shrewd and intelligent he tliinks twice before embarking in any enterprise, but when once committod carries it through to the end. He is a man of mark in tiie eommunitv, and although a newcomer here has won for liimself an enviable degree of respeect. WILLIAM HARRIS, a progressive fanner of Kennebec Township, residing on sec- tion 12. was born in Elmira. Chemung County, X. Y.. :\ray 10, 1852. His fatlier. John E. Harris, was born in the P^mpire .State in ISO", and is the son of John H:\rris, a native of England, who came to America in 1806, and after a short time spent near Boston, settled in New York. The mother of our subject, Mrs. Catherine ((Mossop) Harris, was born in Sheffield, England, in 1813, and came to this country in childhood, and was married in New York, in the latter part of the 'lOs. When William Harris was about six j'ears of age he lost his mother, and throe years later his father married .again. Our subject received an education of a limited character in his 3'outh, and at an early age commenced working at farm labor, spending seven years with two men. Starting out in life for himself, he engaged in driving team in the lumber districts of New York, running rafts on the Su.sque- lianna River, and in general labor at the sawmills, until 1871, when with an adventurous spirit he spent a year in the mackerel fisheries on the banks of Newfoundland. Returning to his home he again sought and finmd work in the saw and srist- mills. in which he remained until the spring of 1876, when the West seemed to invite him. He made a trij) to the Black Hills and spent about twelve months in that region. In the spring of 1877 he settled in JHlls County, Iowa, where he •was engaged in farming until .September 15, 1881. at which dale he came to l\Ionona County. He first located on section 34. Center Township, where he bought 160 acres of land, but two j'ears later sold out and was employed at tiie Castana Mill about six months, and March 10, 1884, having pur- chased a relinquishment of the claim of a man upon the site of his present home, he filed upon it as a homestead claim, which he finallj- proved up in July, 1889. Mr. Harris, October 3, 1877, was united in mat- rimony with Miss Sarah E. Counts, a native of Missouri, who was born April 28, 18,53. Her father. Jacob Counts, was born in Ohio, August 17, 1816, and her mother. Juranda Counts, )iee Tipton, in Missouri, August 20, 1825. Her parents were mar ried September 5, 1850. in Schuyler Co., Mo., and had a familj' of nine children, two boj's and seven girls, of whom Mrs. Harris was the second. Mrs. Counts' father, Joel Tipton, was born in Kentucky' about 1790. The live children of Mr. and Mrs. Harris bear the names respectively of Everett E.. Anna M., Luella M., Cora I. andNora E. (^^ ANFORD F. WILLITS, the leading black- ^^^^ smith and artificer in iron, of the central part lllfjfl) of Monona County, now located at Castana, came to the old village March 14, 1879. with but $120 in money. Investing the most of this in the purchase of the blacksmith-shop of J. W. Thatcher, he carried on the business at that point until the fall of 1886, when, having completed the building where he is now located, he removed into it, opening business there October 15. By hard work and judicious economj', he has succeeded in raising himself to a position of comparative wealth. He has a shop for blacksmith and wagon work. 20x60 feet in size, and a paint shop 16x24 feet, which is a model of its kind. He furnishes employ- ment for two men besides himself, and seems to be full of business. Close to his shop he has built a handsome and commodious residence in which he resides with his family. Mr. Willits was born in Sangamon Countj-. 111.. April 1. 1859. and is the son ot William A. and M.argaret (Burnell) Willets. His father was a farmer and in 1864 removed to Kansas where, April 11, 1872, he died leaving a family of five children, of whom our subject is the oldest. The mother and one brother resided in MONONA COINTY. 401 Faiiview Townsliip. this couiiU'. (.•oiiiins: herefrom Knnjns about 11^7.'). In hi.s curly ^-oulh our sul) ji'ct received his education in the district schools and July 10, 1876. commenced learnlnfr his trade with R. T. Farle}'. at Medina, Kan, In 1877, he come to Monona County, arriving at Maple Land- ing .lanuary 21, and commenccuntv, Iowa. In the fall of the same year he removed to Worth County, this State, where he pre-empted a i)iece of land and remained until Oc- tober, 1859. Returning to Clayton County, he made his home in the village of Monona until Feb- ruary 25. 1864. when, filled with patriotism and a love for his adopted countr}', he enlisted in Com- pany L. .Seventh Iowa Cavalry, and went into camp at Davenport. One month later he joinefl the regiment at Sioux City, and participated in the campaign through Dakota against the .Sioux In- dians, and w.as [jresent at the Ijaltles of the Little Missouri and Otoxicota, and returned to winter quarters at Siou.x City. The next year was em- ployed in an expedition through D.akota to Ft. Sully, the Bad Lauds, Devil's Lake country and thence on down to Fts. Rice and Randall, and went into winter quarters on the Niobrara or Run- ning Water, in Nebraska. They left that point in May following and were mustered out and dis- charged .It Sioux City, June 24, 1866. lie then returned to Clayton County where he remained till July. 1867, and then started with an ox-team for Monona County. Mr. Anderson was united in marriage at Onawa. October 4, 1880. wilii Mi.ss Phuebe Mclvenzic. and is the parent of four children — AUie, Ma}-, .James and Sarah J. RS. .MARY A. ULTTS.NKK MUURIIKAD. a resident upon section 15, .Spring ^'alley Township, was born in Athens County. Ohio, February 13, 1832. and is the daugh- ter of John and Fannie (Park) Moorhead. natives of Kngland and Scotland, respectively, and is the sister of John B. Moorhe.ad. a prominent farmer of Monona County, a sketch of whom is given else- where. When but a child she removed with her parents to Hocking County, in the same Stale, where .-ifter receiving her education, she was reared to womiiiihooil. and was there married Febiiary !'.•. 1S57. to Joseph 1). Butts a native of Ohio, born June 7. 1833. Her husband worked in the coal mines of the Hocking N'alley until 1866, when they came to Iow«. and after spending about a year in 402 MONONA COUNTY. Crawford County, in the fall of 1867 canoe to Mo- nona County, and rented part of the land owned by the Moorhead brothers, where Moorhead now stands. Mrs. Butts purchased the farm of one hun • dred and seventy acres where she now resides, in the fall of 18G9. She is the mother of five chil- dren — Anna F., born May 24, 1858; Mary E., Feb; ruary 4. 1861 ; Clara C, August 30, 1866; John D., October 18, 1873; and James R., February 15, 1875, who died December 7, 1877. Mary E. was united in marriage with John W. Ballantyne, a native of Bandera County, Tex., born July 7, 1854, the ceremonj' taking place May 23, 1882. Mr. Ballantyne died August 22. 1884, leaving two children — Mary Jane, born April 26, 1883, and John Emery, born December 15, 1884. He was a farmer and owned sixty-five acres of land on sec- tion 2, Spring Valley Township, which is now the property of his wife. -^-^^ -^ ICHARD STEBBINS, M. D., one of the ? pioneer merchants and prominent physi- -0-^5»»-jg|^P-*«S«f~KI- '^^ORCiES C. TORRISON, of the firm of Se- vcrson tt Torrison, dealers in general mer- chandise at the rising young village of Ute, was li()in in Manitowoc County, Wis., September cians of Onawa in the by-gone days,' was ^ was born in Springfield, Mass., M.ay 16, 1824, and is the son of Festus and Frances (Dick- inson) Stebbins. He was graduated from Harvard University in 1846, and took a medical course in the same inftitution and after that at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. After a time spent in Europe, and a few years spent in practice in New York, he came West, and after a short time spent in Omaha settled in Onawa, and from that time on w.is connected with its growth. The Doctor was married .lanuary 17, 1879, to Miss Mary J. Billings and was the parent of two chil- dren. He now resides in Omaha. 26, 1865, and is the son of Torges and Caroline Torrison. He remained at home with his parents and drew his education from the excellent schools of the Badger State until the spring of 1884, when he came to Monona County. For about two months he remained at the little hamlet of Soldier and then accepted a position as clerk in the gen- eral merchandise store of R. B. Hillas, at Dun- lap. After remaining with that gentleman about a year and in the store of R. C. McMasters, at Soldier, some six months, he returned to his home in Wisconsin, from which he returned to Monona County in December, 1888. In April, 1889, he purchased the interest of Mr. O. B. Severson in the store at Ute, and the present firm was formed. He is a young man with excellent business principles and a great favorite with the people of the com- munity, and draws a large and lucrative trade from the surrounding country. The store is one of the best in the village, and their stock is large and well assorted. ETII A. HOWARD, of the firm of Pike i Howard, cattle dealers and proprietors of the meat market at Onawa, w.as born at Leeds, Androscoggin County. Me., June G. 1859, and isason of Seth and Amanda (Addition) Howard, natives also of the Old I'ine Tree State, where they still reside. His father was horn June 6, 1828, and has been somewhat prominent in the public affairs of the loealitj- in which he resides and, besides holding many of the local offices, has .served as a member of the State Legislature. The mother was born August 7, 1829, and is the i)arent of seven children, of whom Seth is the fifth. Our subject remained at home upon the farm, attending the district schools until fourteen 3'ears of age, when he entered the Hebron Baptist Fitting school, at Hebron, Me., after which he engaged in teaching school for some two j'ears. In March. 1879, he came to Onawa and engaged in the gro- cery tr.ide in company with C. S. Pike, but in the fall of the same year entered into his present occu- pation. He was married in Galesburg, Knox MONO.N \ COINTY. •li»3 Comity, HI.. .Si'i)ti'inber 27. lH8:i. to Mi«s Kslclla .M. Tryoii, wlio whs l)oni .it Willoiiglil>y, Lake County. Oliio, .laiuiary 2!l. 18G2. Of tliis mar- riajje tlicrc have been born two children: Oeorge A., who was born July 28. 1><84, anil Seth. Keliruary 28. 18SG. Mr. Howard is a member of Monona Lodge, No. .•i8(i. I. (). O. v., an >- ^^.^^4?t^:t5<^ EDW.\K1) 11. CHAPMAN, the genial and widely known proprietor of the Home Hotel _ at Lte. was born in Oshkosh. Wis., July 1. 1863. and is the son of Chauncey and Margaret (Herringlon) Chapman. He received his educa- tion in that portion of the Badger State, and in April, 187G, was brought by his |iarents to Dunlap, Harrison County, Iowa. There he grew to man- hood, and having been brought up in the hotel business, naturally, oh starting out in life for him- self, wished to engage in that business for which he was intended by nature. Coming to Onuwa, December 13, 1887, he rented the Onawa House, the pioneer hotel, and carried it on until Octo- ber, 1888. when he removed to L'te, erected the AOi MONONA COUNTY. hotel which he finished and opened for business to the public about tlie 1st of February, 1889. This is pronounced bj' the traveling men that fre- quent this district one of the best hotels within tiie limits of the county, and they shower praises upon its young and energetic landlord. His father, Chauneey Chapman, was a native of Oneida County, N. Y., and his mother of Geneva, Kane County, 111. -i— :ILLIAM N. HATHAWAY. Among the vA// early settlers of Monona County, who have ]^'^ by their own exertions and business tact risen to comparative wealth through the growth and development of this section, oiaj' be mentioned the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, a resident of section 20, Kennebec Township. Mr- Hathaway came to what is now Monona County in the fall of 1855, and bought for $250 the claim of a man who was nearl}' starved out. Returning to Pottawattamie County, from which he had come, he there si)ent the winter, and in .March, 185\iiliani N.. Mary K., Charles and Anson K. The latter died March 1. 1889, in Van Huron County. Mich. In his youth, our sulijecl received his education in the schools of Ware, Mass., and in the district schools of New York State, he removing to the latter with his parents when seven years old. and for three years making his home in Cayuga Count}'. The family then removed to a farm near Ithaca, Tompkins County, in the same State, where they lived until the fall of i83C, when they emigrated to Kalamazoo County, Mich. A j'ear and a half Liter the}' removed to Van Buren Count}-, in the same State, where the father died, October 9, 1838, the mother following him in death in 1852. After the death of his falher,Mr. Hathaway look charge of the old homestead, purch.asing the inter- est of tlie other heirs, and continuing to cnrr}- it on until 1 853, when he disposed of it and came to Pottawattamie County, Iowa, whence he removed to Monona County, as above stated. Mr. Hathaway was united in raarri.ige April 9, 1813. with Miss Rachel Sweet, a native of Can.ada, who died April 21, 1883, having been the mi.thcr of the following children: George A. was born .lanuary 25, 1844; Kdwin I., April 27, 184G; .lulia A., August 21. 1847; Alice I. .Linuary 18, 1849; Louisa, July 8, 1853; Julius JI.. April 17, 1855: Ada O.. April 12, 1857; William H., April 10. 1859; Francis N.. March 24, 1861; Mary E., No- vember 27, 1863; and one that died in infancy. Kdwin, Julia and Alice lost their lives December 24. 1853, in Pottawattamie County, the house of Mr. Hathaway, with its contents.being destroyed by fire, the children perishing in the conflagration. March 10, 1857. while Mr. ami Mrs. Hathaway hid <'(me over to their new log house, to put uj) a stove, Louisa ,a little child about four years of age.set fire to her clothes at tlie open fireplace an ALDEN B. Pl'LLEN. the most promi- V nent carpenter and builder in the vil- lage of Onawa, and the leswiing undertaker^ tr.aces his ancestry back to AVilliam PuUen. who was born at Vassclboro, Me., January 21, 1771. who was a prominent lumber dealer of that lo- cality and a represent.ative in the Massachusettts Legislature when Maine was a part of the Old Bay State. He died at China, Me., January 5, 1841. He had marrie rus, born July 13. 1817. died .March .'3. IS 18. Daniel I'uUen, the father of our subject, was was born at China, Kennebec Count}', Me.. July 28, 1812. After attaining man's estate, he became a millwriirht, which business he followed all his life. He was married November 24, 1825, to Miss .Mary A. Dudley, a native of Leeds, Me., who was born -May 5. 1812, and was the daui>-hter of Will- iam an.. Worked in the car shops of the Union Pacific Rail- road. After re«ah)ing in that citj- two years, in 1871 became to Onawa, where he has since been employed at his trade. In connection with the latter, in the sununer of 1880, he added the under- taking business, which he still follows. Our subject was united in marri:ige, December 2!). 1881, with .Miss Julia E. Whiting, a daughter of Hon. Charles E. Whiting, one of the pioneers of this region and one of its most prominent citizens. :i -kitrli iif hIi.iiu U L'ivi'ii c-!~f a niiiiin<^ eainp, returnotl to his home in Wisconsin. In the spring; of the follow- ing year, the re[)orUi from Australia filling his mind with visions of wealth to be acquireil in that singular land, he made a voyage to the " Island Continent," where he remained until the spring of 180(1. Returning on a visit to his parents, he stayed with them about twelve months, and then removed to Cole County. Mo., where he made his home until coming to Monona County, as noted above. While a resident of Cole County, July 11, 1863, Mr. .Skidmore entered into a matrimonial alliance, wedding Miss Klizabeth .Skidmore. the daughter of Henjaniin and llanna Skidmore, and bj' this-union they have liecn tlic parents of two children — Esther and .Shirley. ORATIO SKIDMORK. the brother of Ter- j tins H., came to Monona County witli the li^ latter and made his home in Lincoln Town- v(|^ ship for about eight years. He then mar- ried Mrs. IJ:irbara (Thorall) Johnson, of Lake : Township, and remained in the latter section until i his death, which occurred May 15, 1882. He was ' burn in England in 1840, and came to the United States with his parents and settled in Wisconsin. At the age of fourteen years he went to Australia to visit his brother. Four years later he returned home, and in 1861 enlisted in Company K, Second j Wisconsin Infantry, with whom he served three years. After his discharge he remained in Wis- ciin-in for a time and then went to Missouri and with his brother came to this county. in 180.'3. When he was but a child lit was taken by his parents to the (ienesce Valley, in New York, where he grew to manhood. He was twice married, tin" first time in New York State, when he wed.* ^ r»., B. BAILEY, an industrious and energetic farmer of Franklin Township, living on -5^^' ETH SMITH. Su., deceased, the first set- tler of (Want To\vnslii|), and at one time a very important member of the farming community of that and other portions of the county, was u native of New Hampshire, born \rJf W^ section 11, is a native of Penobscot County, Me., and was born in 1844. He is the son of Da vid and Mary Bailey, natives of .Maine, of English ancestry. His father, who was a descendant of the famous Dudley family, followed farming ami lum- bering in Maine, and died there in the winter of l.Hl'.t; the mother died in 1846. W. B. Bailey came to .Monona County in Febru- ary, 1866, from Lewislon, Me., and at once went 416 MONONA COUNTY. to work] for Watts &]Yan Dorn, in their sawmill soutiiwest of []Oiiawa.'''Tbe following spring and summer lie was engaged logging" for^tlie same firm, and continued in tlieirjemploy until April, 1868, when he rented a farm and commenced agricultural l)ursuits. In 1872 be bought forty acres of land, on- section 20, Franlclin Township, U|)on which he moved the following spring. Two j'ears later he sold this tract;and, after farming on°a rented piece of land, purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, most of which he brought under cultivation. In 1875 he removed to the city of Onawa, and en- gaged in the butchering business, in which he remained until tlie summer of 1879. Having pur- chased eight}' .acres of land in Ashton Townshii), he removed there in tlie Latter year, and made his home in that locality until 188.5, when he removed to the place where he now resides on section 1 1, township 83, range 46, in which he had purchased a two-thirds interest. Mr. Bailey was brougiit up in his native State, and acquired the education so prized b}- the youth of New England, and made his home in that section until coming to this locality. He was married, .July 2G, 1867, to Miss Augusta Haynes, by whom lie had five children — Nellie; Albert, who died in infancy; Walter, Alice and Albert, who also died in infancy. On the 20th of Februar}', 1876, Mrs. Bailey "passed to the pale realms of the shades of death," and is buried in the Onawa Cemetery, May 12, 1880. Mr. Bailey again entered into mat- rimony, wedding Miss Nellie Gr.aj', a native of Canada and the daughter of John Gray, of whom a sketch appears in this volume, and by this mar- riage is the parent of five children — ]Maiy, Frank, John, Josie and Halford. , OIIN W. BROOKS, who is the proud and happy owner of a handsome and fertile farm on section 9, Lincoln Township, is one of the early settlers of this portion of the county. He came here with his parents in the fall of 1866, and settled with ihera on a farm which they took up on section 20. Three years later lie removed to his present ))lace of residence, a piece of land which his father had purchased for him in the spring of 1866. When he first came to this locality the township was in its original wild state, the grass growing from eight to ten feet high. Twice, in early days, lie was caught away from home b}^ prairie fires, which then swept with i)ro- digious rapidity through the long grass, and, allliough mounted on horseback both times, had a narrow escape from a horrible death. Mr. Brooks wa-^ born in Erie County, N. Y., September 2, 1845, and is the son of E. W. and Eliza Brooks. When he was about ten years of age the family removed to Green County, Wis., where he grew to manhood and received the rudi- ments of his education, and from there came to Monona C'ounty. as above stated. On their arrival here the entire wealth of the family was liut «20. from which humble beginning he and his father have wrought out their present well-to-do circum- stances, a record of which any man might well feel proud. The most important event in Mr. Brooks' life occurred November 9, 18G7, in Onawa, when he led to tiie marriage altar Miss Mollie C. Kramer, the daugliter of Jones and Margaret Kramer, and a native of Center County, Pa. Four children iiave come to bless their home,three of whom are living — Margaret A., the eldest, being taken from them b}' death November 9. 1879. The others are: Louise, Sylvia and Clayton. ^*-^H*^SH Jil OHN KELSEY, a highly respected resident, I and one of the most thrifty and successful 11 farmers of Franklin Township, has his home }j on the northeast quarter of section 35. He came to Monoin in the city of Limerick, in 1843. At the ago of foiirli'en ho left the Knicrald Isle niid eniiie lo llie I'nileil States, iaiuliug at New Orleniis, La. From Iheii' he |>ioi'ee«lcil at once lo Clermont Couiity, Oliio, and liegan life on his own account at farming, and from that [loint came lo Monona County as stated above. In 1870, be relurneil to Ohio, and was united in nianiage with Miss ICIlen Muri)hy, a native of Irel.-md. ami lirought his bride to the new home he had founded in this county. Although a Democrat formerly. Mr. Kelsey now aHiliates with the Republican party, and during the late Civil War was a stanch upholder of the right* of the Union, and was in the employ of the Govern- ment in the bridge and road construction depart- ment for some time. He has won for himself since coming here an enviable reputation as a high- spirited antl high-principled man, and has the re- spect and esteem of the whole community. Al- though starting in life .i poor boy, he has, by hard work and able management, acquired a position among the well-tu-do farmers of the country. Both he and his wife arc members of the Roman Catholic Church, and are zealous Christian people. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Kelsey are five in number, and bear the names of Hose K., Charles B.. Lawrence K., .lames T. and John J., all at present still residing at home with their parents. They have all received ample facilities for availing them- selves of the educational advantages offered in the county, anil arc an Interesting family of young jjcople. J— ■*- -#^ -^1 ARON McCLEKRKY, who is engaged in ^BA-J | farming on section ;?!. Maple Township, is '* A a son of William McClecrey, mentioned elsewhere in the pages of this book, and who was one of the pioneers of this county. Aaron came to Monona County with his parents in the fall of \Hi>o and remained at home, iissisting his fa- ther in farm work until twenty-six years of age, when he commenced life by working out by the month, and in this manner saved money enough to purchase some cattle with which be engaged in l'ro:iKing. He purchased bin2. .It the age of fifty-two years. The mother, who w.is horn Novemlier 29, 1809, re- moved to Kane County, where she is still living. She was the motiier of eleven cliihheM. Mrs. Oliver heing the third girl, and the liflli child. Hoth were memhers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Oliver are the parents of fourteen children, of which the following is a record: Martha J), was born .luly 2, 18.56: Lurena 1)., January 29, 18,J8; Caroline E.-. October 28. 1859; Flora E.. M.ay l;i, 1«G1; George W., April .">, 1863; Emma A.. August 20, 1864; Parker C. February 2.5, 1866. and died November 28, 187.5; Mary E. was born March 13, 1868. and died November 25, 1875; Fanny A. was born July 25, 1869, and died March 17, 1870; .'>ylvia A. was born December 29, 1870. and died November 23, 1875; Eva C. was born Deceniber 9. 1872; Franklin (r. was born March 19, 1875; Freddie L.. May 21. 1877; andan infant unnamed, was born February 2, 1879. and died February 15, the same year. In politic.". Mr. Oliver alliliatcs with the Repub- lican party, and has hekl .several of the local town- ship olficeji. y:-E.SLEY ROBUINS. who is residing on sec- tion 8, Lincoln Township, is engaged in IJT^ carrying on his farm of three hundred and sixty acres, partly lying in that section, and partl3' on section 17. antl has succeeded in .accumulating a fair share of this world's goods. He is a native of Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. an NDREW RUDE, who is extensively en- gagred in agriculture on his fine farm of '// * of three-hundred and sixty acres in Spring ^ Valley Townsliip, resides upon "section 11, and is somewhat interested in stock-raising. He is a native of Norway, born November 21, 1845, and is the son of Ole and Carrie Rude. Receiving an excellent education in the common schools of his native land and in the Normal Institute, he grew to manhood on a farm, and w.-is married August 10, 1867, to Miss Anna Onstand, also a native of Norway, who was born July 20, 1847. In 1869, with his wife and child, he crossed the wide ocean to the free shores of America in search of that for- tune denied him under the institutions of the land of his birth, and, after lauding at New York, came West aud settled in Greene County, Wis. All that summer he worked out at farm labor, ac- quiring some knowleilge of the English tongue, but in the fall removed to Pope County, Minn., where, declaring his intention of becoming a citi- zen of the United Slates, he took up a homestead claim, upon which he remained until 1873, when he came to Iowa and took up his residence in Webster County, near Ft. Dodge. There his wife died, on the 7th of November, 1 875, having been the mother of four children : Carrie, born Septeml)cr 20,1868; Ole A., July 14. 1870; Mary T., Feb- ruary 13. 1872; and Otto N., August 26, 1873. In the s[)ring of 1878 Mr. Rude came to Monona County and settled on the spot where he now re- sides, purchasing one hundred and seventeen acres of land, to which he has added until he has three- 4\ IMONONA rolNIV 423 limiilroil anil sixty acios. lli" is nni' of ihc In av iijl focilcrs of cnttio in tlie township, sliippinij some- lliiiif; like four or live carloads each year. Mr. Rude waj .igain married, in Ean Claire {'oiinty, Wi.'., March 10, 1877. the hride h[)0\\ this occasion being Miss Aster Olson, a native of Nor- way, who was born January 19, 184.5. Of this union there have been born two children upon the following dates: Minnie ()., July 28, 1878; and Annie M., January fi. 1881. Mr. Rude and his fam- ily arc members of the Lutheran t'liurch, a faith in which they were reared. In politics he is a stanch Republican. /^^ ERMAIN SCHURDEVIN, a leading farmer of the town of Lake, living on section .31, w.-is born in France, December 22, lM2,j.and is the son of Jacques and Therise .Schurdevin. He was reared to manhood and resided in the beautiful land of his birth until February, 18.')2, when he crossed the stormy Atlantic to America in search of a new home, landing at Xew York on the 8th of April. After a few days spent in the me- tropolis he started for Indiana by way of Albany. HiifTalo and Rochester, and settled at Ft. Wayne. 'I'liere he learned the cooper's trade, which he fol- lowed in that place for four jears, and from there removed to Lisbon. Noble County, in the same .Stale. One year later he removed to Kendallville. in the same county, where he remained until June •Js. 1858, then renting a farm in the vicinity. I'welve months later he went to the town of Avilla, and worked at his trade for about a year. After clearing up a piece of timber under contract, he leiised a farm, upon which he resi3. His i^raiulfrither. David Oliver, settled in that county about the close of the Kevolutiunary War, and there the father of our subject, John M. Oliver, was born. The latter was a well-known farmer and stock-raiser of that region. The mother of Addison, Mary Springer (Hughes) Oliver, was a native of New Jersey. The subject of this epitome |)assed his early days upon a farm. His mother died when he w.os quite young, and he grew up without a. mother's care. At an early age he was entrusted with the sale of apples, etc., at Washington, the count}- town, and sometimes in going or returning thence was thrown in conUict with the rough boys of the vil- lage, who had little regard for the rights of prop- erty or person or life. He thus early learned the lcsso:is of independence and self reliance that are so characteristic in his later days. At the age of twelve 3'ears, his father having married again, and he having mastered the "three R's" in the district school, young Oliver was sent to the West Alexan- dria Academy, at Alexandria, in his native .State, then under the charge of the Rev. John McClus- key, D. D., an eminent divine and eilucator. In 1847 he entered Washington College, from which he was graduated in 1850. at the age of seventeen years, sharing the honors of the class with some of the older students. The next two years were spent bj- j'oung Oliver in leaching and in traveling in tlie South, and re- turning to his home in the spring of 1853, he be- gan the study of law with Hon. William Mont- gomery, afterward member of Congress from that district. In 1857. having been admitted to the bar, he came to Western Iowa, crossing the .Stiite on horseback, di.agcmally fiom Keokuk to Sioux City, ill order that he might know dcliuiteiy the character of the Slate to which he proposed to lie his life. In the spring of 1858, Mr. Oliver came to On- awa from Sergeant's Bluff, where he had passed the winter, and entered upon the practice of law. His attention having been drawn toward politics on the passiigc of the Kans.as- Nebraska Bill, about the time he attained his majority, he espouserde. Lako \^- Township, was born in 'Norway. August 3, 1854,and is the son of 01c Hanson and his w-ife Eliza, lie w.os reared at home, and, the laws of his native cfiunlry requiring him to go to sclutol from live years of age to sixteen, he acquiretl a good educa- tion in his native country. In the sjjring of 1872, at the age of eighteen, he ero.sscd the ocean to America and settled in Clinton County, Ii about twenty-five acres of his land under cultivation. The Fairview herd of Short-horns is recognized as one of the best in the State. Our subject was born in Peoria Count}-, 111., Jul}' 16, 1850. His father, Daniel L. AVilej'. was a native of Vermont, who was born in 1818. and emigrated to Illinois in 1840. His mother, Jlary ( Billings) Wilej', was also a native of the same State, born about 1820, and died in 18.51, leaving two children — Flora B., the wife of W. L. Wiley, of Mapleton Township, and William F.. of whom this sketch is written. In 1853 the father married again, wedding Miss Sarah Davis, a native also of the Oreen Mountain State. Mr. Wiley attended school when about four years old for one summer at Lafayette, Stark County, 111., and next at Galva, Henry County, in the same State, whither his father had rempved.and remained a pupil ;it the latter school until his seventeenth year. After spending one year at the Lombard University, atGalesburg, III., he attended Firyant & Stratton's College at Chicago, from which he was graduated in June, 1868. July 1. of the same year, he accepted a position as bookkeeper in the First National Bank of Galva, with which he re- mained until January 1, 1870. The latter date he re- moved to Monmouth, 111., and entered into the bank- ing house of Claudius, Jones & Co., as a partner but only remained with that concern about nine months, having been elected director and cashier of the Monmouth National Bank, then just organized. Three months later he resigned this latter position and accepted a position as cashier in the First Na- tional Bank of Galva, and in this last capacitj' re- mained until coming to .Monona County in 1880. At the fall election in 1885, after a spirited and close contest, Mr. Wile}', the candidate of the Re- publican party, was elected Representative to the legislature from this district and ably filled that position in the Twentj'-firjt General Assembly of the .St.ate. He was chairman of the committee on engrossed bills during the session, and made a sat- isfactory and honest record. Mr. Wiley, at Galva. 111.. September 26,1871, was united in marriage with Miss Florence E. Mun- gcr. a native of Yates County, N. Y., who was born So[)tember 17. 1852, and is the daughter of I J MONONA COUNTY. 1. 1.", I,\ iiiMii and Martha S. Miinger, who settled in Illi- ] iioi.s ul'oiil the year 18()7. liy this imiuii there has lieen born a family of four children, of whieh the following is the record: Moyd L., born Octo- ber 21, 1H7I, died when a niontliold; lone H., I liorn April 22, 1877; Agnes G. .hine 17, 1!S7'.»; and i Florence E., Augnst 1, l.S8:i. -"•t^-te^ — •< 1,1'HED (.iUINCV WOOSTEU, the editor and proprietor of the Home Adcucate, a II A people's |)a|;er published at Mapleton, was y born in l-'illmore County. Minn., .June 14, l^fi.'i, aiul is the eldest son of (.^uincy A. Wooster, mentioned at length in this volume. He came with his parents to Monona County in the summer of ISO,'), and in Maple Township was reared to agri- cultural [)ursuits, receiving the elements of a good education in its eomnion schools. Before he had reached the age of eighteen years he commenced teaching school, which profession he followed sev- eral terms, but in the fall of 1882 entered the Southern Iowa Normal School and Business Col- lege at Bloouifield, and from the commercial de- partment of that institution was graduated March 22. 1883. After teaching one term of school he then started the issue of a three-coluniii folio news- paper, worked on a job press at his father's resi- dence in the country, the (irst issue Ijcaring date of October 18. 188:}. January )(), 1881, he en- larged the journal to a six-column quarto, and in October, 1887, further increased it in si7,e to a seven-column quarto. A history of this paper ap- pears elsewhere in the annals of the village of .Mapleton, of which it is an important business en- tcrpiise. Mr. Wooster w:»s married December 9, 1883, at the residence of J. \V. Il.'ill, Monroe County, Iowa, to Miss Lucy Cox, a native of Putnam County, Mo., born February I'J, 1860, and daughter of S. (1. and Ciarisa (CofTern) Cox, of .Moravia, Appa- i.oose County, Iowa, who were natives of Ken- tucky. Her parents were married in Missouri in the .spring of 1857, whence they came to Monroe County in 18G4. Five 3"ears later they moved into Appanoose County. .Mrs. Wooster, the youngest in a family of seven children, laid the foundation of her education in the common schools of the county, and linished with two terms in the Southern Iowa Normal ■School and Business College, and taught in the dis- trict schools some seven years previous to her mar- riage. .She is the motlrer of two children: one unnamed born Sei)tember 1!>, 188o, that died in in- fancy; and Vera Anna, born .lan\iary 1. 1888. Mr. Wooster is a member of Monte Christo l.,odge, No. 205, K, P., and Mapleton Division No, 3:}, I'niform Hank, of the same order. He Is also idenlilied with Gem City Assembly, No. 10,02'J, K, of L. ETII SMITH, Jic, the son of Seth and Sophia (Leach) Smith, the pioneer settlers of Grant Township, an epitome of whose life's work it li.as been our honor to write in another portion of this volume, is engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising on his fine place of one hundred and sixty acres on section 1-t, Kenne- bec Township, eighty acres of which he owes to the beneficent homestead law of a fostering govern- ment. He was born in Lorain Countv, Ohio, May 21), 1841 and, while but a child eight years of age, was brought by his father to Council Blufifs, Pottawattamie County, Iowa, then known by the name of Kanesville. In the spring of 1853, the the family removed to Monona County, where the father lived until his death in 187(!. his wife pre- ceding him in .July, 1850. ; In the district schools of this county, in his youth, our subject gathered his education and re- mained at home with his parents until the spring of 1858, from which time for four years he spent the most of his life on the Omaha Reservation, assi.-2. when, being taken sick in the fall of that year, he w.as unable to do much and spent several years traveling through California and sev- eral other .States ami in Canada. In 1860 he re- moved to Grand Mound, Clinton County, Iowa, where he practiced medicine for about a year, and followed the same profession at Lake City, Calhoun County, for two years more, and then returned to Toledo, Ohio. In 1871 he returned to Iowa, locat- ing at Creston. but a year later removed to Ring- gold County, where he platted the town site of Kugene, and made his home in that spot until 1883. At the latter period lie removed to Tingley. in the same county, being the first settler of that village, where he erected a building and went into the drug business. On the 14th of March, 1884, Dr. St. .lohn came to Blencoe, and there made his home until December l.i, 1888, when he moved to Mer- rill, Iowa, but in July, 1889, returned to Blencoe, and .July 17, of that year, started in his present business. The Doctor received a certificate of professional ability from the Northwestern College, at Chicago, in 1881, and while a resident of Tingle}', in 1883-4. was surgeon of the Humeston it Shenandoah Rail- road. He w.as also registered as a druggist by the Iowa State Board of Pharmacy. May 10, 1882. Dr. St. .lohn was married March 11. 18C2, to Miss Sarah .1. Orr. a native of Michigan, of .Scotch parents. By this union they have b.ad a family of six children: one who died in infancy; Anna B., born .lune 12. 1868, who died January 23, 1877; Frank L., born ^larch 29, 1876; one unnamed tli:il died in infancy; Walter K.. born .January 28, 18S1; and Kdle Monona, October 8, 1886. The Doctor is a member of Afton Lodge, No. 130, I. O. O. F.. of Afton. I'nion County, Iowa. WILLIAM 1\ M(CLK1:RI-:Y. oneof theoM pioneers of Monona County, has his resi- dence on section 31, Maple Township, wliere he settled in .September, 1855. He had come to this county and entered the land the pre- vious month, and on taking up his location »\K>n it made it his permanent home from that until the present time. Mr. McCleerey was born in Mercer County, Ky.. Decemlier 15. 1814. ami is the son of Robert and Nanc}' (Dickey) McCleerey. natives of Kentucky and Virginia, respectively. In 1823 the family removed to Indiana and lived in various parts of that State, mostly in Decatur County. The fathei- of our subject, a farmer by occupation, died in Brown Count}', Ind., as did likewise the mother, the latter in 1865, having reached the age of three score and ten. They were the parents of ten chil- dren of whom William F. was the second. Our subject remained at home and assisted his father in tilling the soil, and in acquiring the ele- ments of an education, until attaining his twentieth 3'ear, when he was married, March 27, 1833, to Miss Mary Lee, a native of Ohio, who died May 23, 1871, having been the mother of thirteen chil- dren: Klizal)eth, Aaron, Robert, Francis M., Jane, Martha A., William. Joseph, John T., Sil.as and Rose Althea. One died in infancy; and one at the age of sixteen years. After his marriage Mr. Mc- Cleerey was engaged in farming, in Indiana, until coming to this county, and on his arrival here he had just mone}' enough to enter eighty acres of land and have two dimes left in his pocket for luck. By hard work and industry he has estal)- lishcd a good home, brought u|) a large family, and, besides helping his boys, has increased his farm to two hnndrec) and forty acres, liesides other possessions. He was fumierly a member of the 440 MONOiS'A COINTY. Whig party, but since the formation of the Repub- lican party, in 1856. lias been identified with tiial (jolitical organization. Mr. McCIeerey again entered into a matrimonial alliame September 31, 1873, wedding Mrs. Eliza beth .1. Crouoli, who was born February 20, 182 .', and was the widow of Levi Crouch. P:NRY IIEISLER, one of tlie pioneers of Monona County, is engaged in farming on ■_^^ section 10, Maple Township. He came to '^ the county in tlie fall of 18.5S and settled on land in section 7, in what is now Cooper Town- siiip, where he resided until Juh', 1885, when sell- ing his place he removed to his present home. His farm contains some two luindred and eighty acres, lying on sections 3, and 10. where lie car- ries on general farming. Mr. Heisler was born September 16. 1826, in Harrison County, Oiiio. and is the son of Fred- crick and Elizabeth (Steffy) Heisler. His father w.as born in Northampton Count3', Pa., May 1. 1799, and his mother in Jefferson County, Ohio. May 10, 1808, and were married in the latter county. Tlie grandfather of our subject, Henry Heisler, w.as a native of Holland, and his grand- mother, Catlierine (Weiant) Heisler, of Germany, who came to the United States in an early d.iv and settloil ill Pennsylvania. In 1800 they removed to Oliio, where the former died in 1838. and the latter iu 1843. Henry Heisler, of whom this sketch is written, grew to manhood in Harrison Count}-, Ohio, and received his education in the subscription schools of that day, and assisted in carrying on the home farm until his father's death. He then worked out by the month until 1856, when, after a trip to Kansas and Missouri, he came to Monona Countv, as above stated. Mr. Heisler was ninrried .TnniiaiT 13, 1861, to Miss i'lizabeth Mayn;u liiin- (Irod and forty -three acres of land, upon which he had built anew house. There he h.as made his homo ever since. Mr. McC'lain was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. Ohio, November 11. 1848, and is the son of IJenjamin and Elizabeth McClnin. Remaining with his parents un'.il he had attained his twentieth ye.ar. he took Horace Greeley's advice and went West, for about one j'ear making his home in Nebraska. After a visit of abiput six months spent in Wyoming Territory, he returned to Omaha, where he remained most of the time until coming to Monona Count}', as above recorded. Mr. McClain was united in marriage in Lincoln Townshi)), January 8, 187.'), with Miss Ella 5L Sis- sou, the daughter of Thomas and Mary iSisson. ;3-e^f~- <$ l>ALLACE 1). GHOW. a young, enterpris- \/lJi' ^^" ""'' <^"fgctic farmer of the town of W^J Lincoln, residing on section 16, 84, 4(1. is the son of Lorenzo and Harriet Grow. He w.as born in Kennebec County, Me.. .luly 19, 1856, and came to Monona County with his parents in July, I 86.'). Thlil the following fall the family remained in Onawa. when the father purchased the farm upon which Wallace now resides. Upon moving thither, there being no improvements upon the place, they look up their residence in a neighlioring cal)iii in which there were two other families. 15y Christmas lime they got up their own cabin, into which they imineiliately moved. There they resided until 18G!), at which dale they removed to a place about five miles southwest of Onawa, but soon moved back to their farm. In 1871 llio family went to Onawa, fl'.'iiin takinir up their homo there. In the spring • •I' 1M74 our subject started out in life for himself. running the farm belonging to his brother on sec tion 20, 84, 4G, where he remained until the spring of 1882, his parents keeping house for him the sec- ond \ ear. At the latter date Mr. Grow purchaseil the old homest<>ad. where he now lives. In Feb- ruary. 1881, the old folks removed to San Bernar- dino County. Cal., where they now reside. In March of the following yo^r Wallace] followed them, but his wife's health failing in the climate of the Pacific coast, they returned in September. 188C. and have since made this their home. April 7. 1880, Mr. Grow w.ns united in marriage with Miss Anna Willijimson, the daughter of Wil- liam and U. K. Williamson, and thev have a family of four children: Samuel W., born August 21. 1881: Kate R., December 23, 1882; Paul IL. No. vember 22,1885, whose birth took place in Cal- ifornia, and Anna M., September 22,1887. (| JJI^'- *'• -"^^ARR. was born in Winneshiek \aJII County, Iowa, and came to Onawa with W^ his parents John II. and Catherine N. (Ross) M.arr, in 1872, when but five months old. He received an excellent education in the schools of the latter place, being gr.aduated by the High .Sehool, May :5I, 1889. June 3, following, he en- tere\ \ CMiX'i'V 445 t'liifkiimaujiu. in storiiiing the heights of Mission Ridgi', or in the dreadful rain of tire nt Resiica, Kenesaw Muuutain, Beutonvilic, Ronip. Buzzard's Roust, or the capture of Atlanta, with its many stricken fields, he w.is ahv.ays present .at the colors, and did his duty nobly. With the invincible hosts that marched through the heart of the Confederac}' with their matchless leader, .Sherman, he was found in line and after participating in all its hardships, ilangers an, 1872; Laura, born October .3. 1874, and died October 3, 1870, in Mills County; Lulu, born May 26. 1877; a child unnamed May 2i>, 1878, who S^^ prominent settlers of Monona County, came V^' here in the fall of IHCO. from Walwonli County. Wis., making the entire trip in a wagon drawn by an ox-team, and accompanied by two cows anil some twelve head of sheep. With him came his wife and three children, and they all declare that the trip will always be rcmcml)eroil as one of the most pleasant ex(icrienccs in their life. Having but fi25<) in money with him Mr. Carrilt. <->n his lirst arriv.-d. setllcil duwn to fanning on the i J. .M. Kcl-jcy laud, which he rented, and there he remained for about iwo^'yeais and a half. During this time he had filed a jire-emptiou claim on the eighty .acres of land on seiHion 26, upon which his liouse is now locateil. and April 22, 1863, settled upon it. The season was so advanced that year that he found the grass well grown at the time of settling upon the land. Shortly after, on going to Council liluffs that year, to|prove upon his claim, he changed it from a preemption to a homestead, under which he acquired title. This was the twenty- seventh claim registered, under the law, at the Council Bluffs Land Otiice. Of the early d.ays of the count}' Mr. Carritt tells manj- amusing inci- dents. Thomas R. Carritt was born in Winthorj), Lin- colnshire, England, February 19, 1830, and is the son of Joseph and Sarah Carritt. lie attended school in his native land, for some seven ^-ears. studying constantly, there being only three weeks vacation in each school year. He grew to man- hood on his native soil, but, on attaining his n.a- jorit}-, determined to come to the L'nitcd States, and accordingly sailed from Liverpool, May 28. 1852, and landed at New York City on the 28tli of June following. From the latter place he went directly to Walworth Count}', Wis., and found work on a farm at $12 a month, and w.as thus engaged for about four years. He made it a pwint to save ^ilOO each year out of his wages, which he put out .it interest, and in that manner had a small start in 1856. In the spring of that year he rented a farm of Christopher Wiswell for four years, but owing to the elements, his adventure proved a failure, so, October 7, 1860, he starteil for the newer counirv of Monona County. In October. 1856. Mr. Carritt and Miss Mary .M. Pcrrin. the latter a native of W.ashington County. N. v.. plighted their mutual faith .it the marria^;!' altar, and by this union they have had a family of six children: Fmnia. Joseph .M., .Sarah C. tlie wife of F. W. P. Daniel, residing in Wuodbuiy Coiuity,; Judson^K.; John C. who married Miss .M.ay Peabody; and Minnie, Mrs. Warren Maple. .Mr. Carrilt has now a magnificent farm of six hundred acres of land, an orchanl of five hundred trees, about half :in acre of grove comi)">sed of Ku- 446 MONONA COUNTY. ropean larclies, and a great quantity of small fruit. lie is giving considerable attention to stock inter- ests, and has a herd of one hundred and fifty head of cattle, mostly Galloway and Polled-Angus, and a flock of twenty-five sheep. OSES JACKSON piDDLE. Among the families identified with the pioneer history of the eastern part of Monona County, and of those who have been constant, earnest and active throughout the period of its develop- ment, is that of the gentleman whose biography is here sketched. lie came to Monona County in tlie spring of 1865 in com panj' with his brother, Isa.ic, walking most of ti)e way from Story County and. after looking over this section of the State, settled upon section 4, in Soldier Township, where he now lives, purchasing one hundred and sixt}- acres of land. He m,ade no otlier improvements tiiat season than breaking up about ten acres of the sod and, as there was a cabin on the east side of the Soldier on his place, took up his residence tliere. Three j'ears later he crossed to the other side of the river and occupied a cave or "dug-out" for some tliree years longer, wlien lie moved into a small frame house wiiicli lie had l)uilt in the summer of 1872. In tlie summer of 1884 he erected the elegant cottage in whicli he resides, one of the finest farm residences in the county, a view of which is given in this Album. Having pros- pered in liis undertaking he has added to his property until it now contains four hundred and forty-seven acres, all of which is under cultivation, except about fifteen acres wliich is covered with native and ten with artificial timber. Mr. Riddle was born in Holmes County, Ohio, September 12, 1838, and is the son of Malhew B. and Fileanor (I'ndorhill) Hiddle. He received an excellent education in the common schools of his native land and in his twenty-first 3'ear removed witli liis parents to Story County. Iowa, vvhere he made his iiome until the spring of 1861, when he enlisted in C<)mpan3' K, Third Iowa Infantv}'. With his heroic comrades, one of the most famous ie"i ments that carried the State flag of Iowa to the front in m.an}^ a stricken field, he passed through "the baptism of fire" at Blue Mills, Mo. Campaign- ing .along tlie line of the Hannibal '- ::>e g:-' — •: K# ^ILLIAM II. DALEV,"an enter|)rising far- mer of Sherman Township, who, in part- [nership with his father, is carrying on their large and well cultivated farm on sections 4, i) and 10, is the son of Chester W. and Susan E. (Hunt) Daley. !. He was born at^ Preble. Cortland County', N. Y., August;: 15, 1855. He was reared and .educated in the schools of his native town. until he was about sixteen years of age. when lie adopted farming as his vocation in life. In 1875, he came to Iowa with his father's family and settled where thej' now live, in Sherman Township, where he has made his home ever since. Mr. Daley, July 20, 1881, at Blencoe.w.as united in marriage with Miss Luella C. Knight, a native of Dallas County, Iowa. Mr. Daley is one of the enterprijiug and intel- ligent young farmers of the township, and takes an active interest in the welfare and progress of the community in whicli he lires. Activel)' engaged in tile arduous duties of farm life, he still finds many opportunities for the improvement of his mind ami for the enjoj-ment of the innocent pleasures of the family fireside. In company with his father, he is carrying on a farm of some two hundred and sixty acres, giving a large share of his attention to the raising of stock, which is bringing them a surticient financial renunieration. In the spring of 1889, William H. purchased some eighty acres of land on section 4, but having purchased property- in the village of Blencoe. moved into that place October .25, 1889. and there m.ikes his home. *^ ^ OHN R. MURPHY, a prominent and extcn- i sive farmer of the town- of Asliton, and 1 "one of that fast vanishing line of blue that held back the tide of insurrection in battle's lurid front," is a native of Ireland, having been born iu County Limerick, June 24, 1845. He is the son of Timothy and Ellen (Ryan) Murphy, natives also of the Emerald Isle, who were the parents of one other child, Timothy. In 1852, the family came to the United States, where for two years the father was eng.aged in farming. At the end of that period they came to Iowa, and after a short stay in Dubuque, located in Poweshiek County, where the father of our subject purch.ased a farm and engaged in its tillage. In October, 1857, Timothj' Murphy came to Monona County, and bought one hundred and twenty acres of laud on section 12, Franklin Township, which is still owneil by the famil3',i,he father having departed MONONA COUNTV. 451 lliis life, September 12, 1879, after a life of useful- iK'ss. He was the son of Michael ami Margaret Mui|ihy, liotli of whom ilied in their native land, Irehuul. .luhn R. Mnrphy remained at iionie with his parents, receiving: in youth such education as the time and country alTordeil, and assisted in carrying on tiie paternal acres until the breaking out of liie httc Civil War. Being determined to enroll himself among tiiose who "marched beneath the Hag and kept step to tbe music of the Union," he enlisted in Company II, Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, and served for three years and seven months, having been mustered into tlic United Slates service at Keokuk. April 16, 1862, and discharged at Daven- porl in August, 186.5. He participated with that gallant and heroic regiment in the siege of Corinth, the second battle at that place, at luka, Jackson, llayinond, Cbam|)ion Hills. Ft. Hill, the siege and capture of ^'icksburg, at Mission Ridge and at Til- ton. At tiie latter place most of the regiment was taken prisoners. In the Atlanta campaign, with all its numerous engagements, and in the -March to the Sea. succeeded by the surrender of .lohnston. the last hope of the Confeder.acy, he still followed the ling of his noble regiment, enduring .•dl the hardships attendant u|)on the life of a soldier. On the dose of hostilities, having been mustered out at Uouisville, Ky., and discharged at Daven- port, Iowa, Mr. Murphy returned to his home in this county, and. after attending school one term, in 1866 went t<.i Colorado. For three years he was engaged in freighting in that Territory and in Wyoming, after which he returned to this county, and. .lanuary. 1870, purchased lace, which is one of the line.-^l in the township. Mr. ^lurpiiy has been eminently successful in the pursuit for wealth, al though occasionally suffering from the devastations of the elements and the failure of crops. John R. Murphy and Miss Margaret O'Neill, the latter a native of Oliio, born October .'), 18.">4. were uniteil in marriage June 14, 1871, and are the par- ents of eight children : Mary li., Margaret, John K., William II.. Helen, Charles S., Mark aiul Har- old. - -y^ - o06 OHN C. CARRITT. In the rapidly '-lapsing of Time's winged llight," many of the young men who first saw the light in this county, I are coming to the front among its ablest business men, and are showing that their race has rather gained by its transplantation to the newer and freer land of the West. Among them few as- sume a more prominent place than the subject of this epitome, the Postmaster of Castana, who is en- gaged in the retail grocery business at that point. John C. Carritt was born iu Monona County, Iowa, about a mile south of old Castana. on section 36, Miiy 14, 1864. He is the son of Thomas R. and Mary M. (I'errin) Carritt, the former a na- tive of England, and the latter of New York State, a sketch of whom is given, in detail, in another part of this work. The young man received his education in the district schools of Kennebec Town- ship, and, to the extent of his powers, assisted in carrying on the parental farm. As he outgrew his youth, and attained the years of manhood, he took upon himself more and moreof the farm Inlior. and would have doubtless nuule his mark in that lino, had he iu;)t chosen to embark in the mercantile busi- ness. While residing at home, M.ay 18, 18S(;, Mr. Carrilt w.as appointed Postmaster, tin- post-oHice hcliig then located at his father's residence, and took i)osjession .luno 10. In the fall of the same year he removed to CastHana.and erecting a liuihling 22x40 feet on the ground, stockeroved, there being two houses upon it, which he moved together, thus making a very commodious residence. He has some three hundred and twenty acres of land on the Soldier River bottom, which h.-is no superior, and which he has brought to a liigli state of culti- vation. He is giving some attention to the raising "f stock in which he meets with the usual success. Mr. Linville was married December 19, 18G0, in IWWJs County. Iowa, to Miss Polly A. Jones, a na- tive of -Vndrew County, Mo., and daughter of W. Robert and Olive (Doilge) Jones, and by this union they have had a family of nine children: George. Ida, Robert, Brick, M.ay, Lewis, Eva, Delia, anil Eflwin. ill jjj lerprisingai ^^^ County owe HARLES SMITH. .Many of the more en- terprising and progress! vefavrasrs of .Monona re their birth or parentage to the New England States, where, under the stress of a hard climate and a stony soil, they have learned the eflicacy of hard work in farm life. Among them is the gentleman whose name he.ads this sketch, who is a le.iding citizen of Belvidere Township. Mr. Smith was born in Somerset County. Me., December 17, 1840. Nicholas Smith, liis father, a native of the same State, born Novein'wr 24, 1811. of English parentage, has been engjjged in farming near Richmond, a suburb of Portland, ever since attaining manhood. In April 1837. the latter was united in marriage with .Miss Lucy Nudd, a native of VVolfborough, N. II., born M.iy 2i<. 1S14, of old New England slock. Of this union there were four children: George W., who is carry- ing on the old homestead in Maine; Charle.<<. of whom this sketch is written; Jane, deceased, and Henry F.. still living at home. Charles Smith was reared to manhood on his father's farm in the old Pine Tree Stale, receiv- ing a good common-school education in the dn^s 454 mOjS'ONa county. of his j-outh. He remained at home until the fall of 1867, when lie came West and located in Grant Township, in tiiis county, in November. He rented land and, as he remarks, was just in time to be caught by the grasshopper plague of 1868. The following spring he removed to Kennebec Town- ship, and on a rented piece of land resided about three years after which he removed to Belvidere Township, settling on a farm of one hundred and twenty acres on section 1, which was purchased in 1871 by his father and still belongs to that gentle- man. AVisel}', he is giving considerable attention to the stock-raising interest, and ranks with the enterprising agriculturists of that section of the county. February 27, 1872, Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Miss Claracy Amanda Winegar, the daughter of Frederick D. and Lodema (Blanchard) Winegar, a' sketch of whom is given elsewhere in this volume. She was born in Pottawattamie County, near Council Bluffs, Februar3' 2, 1849, and was brought to Monona Count}-, when a diild, in 1855. Mr and Mrs. Smith have had a family of three children : Mark N., born February 27, 1879; Agnes L., January 13, 1883; and Ruth A.. December 25, 1884. -?3=H= .!>.. A. 7~~r * ft) \ti AMES IMcNEILL, a farmer who is residing on tiie Holbrook farm on section 29, Ashtou Township, which he holds under lease, is ^^^^ extonsivelj' engaged in the stock business, having upon his place some thirtj^ head of horses, and over one iiundred of cattle, most of the latter being high grade Durham Short-liorns. Mr. McNeill was born amid tlie beautiful sur- roundings of the now famous Conemaugli Valley, in Somerset County, Pa., July 10, 1831, and is the son of Langhliu and Sarah jMcNeill, an epitome of whose life's history appears in the biography oi Kdwin R. McNeill, in thi.^ volume. James remained at home with his parents, receiving in his youth facilities for obtaining an education in the district schools of that locality but, at the age of twenty- one, having married Miss Sarah Siner, a native of the same countj-, he sta'rted in life bj' tilling the soil of a rented farm in the neighborhood of his father's place. Subsequently he purchased a small farm there which he sold in 1872 and came to Mo- nona County, stopping for a few days in Black Hawk Count}', this State, on the way. Mr. and Mrs. McNeill have a family of seven children living, and three that died in infancy. Those who 3'et brighten their fireside l)ear the fol- lowing names: Marcellus, Ella, Allen, Emma, Katie, Bruce, and Willie. Mr. McNeill is one of the representative citizens of Ashton Township and. while not seeking noto- riety, is known over a considerable expanse of country as one of our ablest and most careful stock-raisers and enjoj's the esteem and respect of all with wiiom he comes in contact. f^MOMAS MEANS, who is engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising on section 2, Jordan ^' Township, was born in Mercer County, Pa.. August 10, 1842. His father, Hugh Means, a na- tive also of the same county, was born about 1807, and was a miller and shoemaker by trade. In 1842 he removed to Jackson County, near Bellevuc, Iowa, where he died. He was married at the age of twenty or twenty-one to Miss Elizabeth Rotroft, a native of Baltimore, Md., who was born in 1811, and who is still living in Jackson County, Iowa. Thomas, the seventh in a family of ten children, came with his parents in childhood to Iowa, and at Bellevuc, on the banks of the mighty Mississippi, grew to manhood. On the death of his father he commenced working on a f.arm and continued in that line of employment until he w.as some twenty- three years of age, laboring for other parties. For two years, subsequently, he worked on rented land after which he emigrated to Burt County, Neb., where he took up a claim of one hundred and twenty acres of laud, and made his home for seven 3'ears. .Selling out, he returned to his former resi- dence, and there and in other places, followed various avocations until the spring of 1875, when MONONA COKNTV. 15.5 ho came to Monona County and rentina; a farm in St. Clair Township, took up his residence t'icre. Leaving this county in IHTll, lie went to Orofron mill in liial State and Montana 'rcrritory remained until 1882, when once more ho returntd to Monona Count)". IMnvhnsing eighty acres of land on sec- tion 2. he has developed it into an excellent farm, and has th6rc made his home ever since. Mr. Means was inifi-ried in 1861, to Miss Lucinda ISicksler, a native of Jackson County, Iowa, who was born March 12, 1845, and is a daughter of Thomas .1. and Marv (.Iona.s) Bicksler. Her mother died April 1. 18C'J. Mr. and Mrs. Means have had a famil)' of four diildren: George M., born No- vember 13, 1864; Solomon W.. .July .3, 187.3; Wiilinm, born March 1, 1866, died November 15, l.'^Tl ; and Hurt, born December 17, 1879. As a relic of the past Mr. Means still i)reserves the team of mules that he drove through to the Pacific Coast and back, one of whom is twenty-eight years old. and the other past seventeen. Hoth of them will run to him on every occasion, well know- ing their old master. ^«H{Mf^ ILM)N M. McBKATn,one of the most ex- tensive farmers and stock-raisers of Lake Township, has his neat and tasty residence fni section :H. Mr. McReath was born in Clinton County, Mo., September 8, 18.52, and is the son of .lames and Aniner H. McReath. and is of .Scottish ancestr\-. lie remained at home with his parents, receiving his education in tlie district schools of that portion of the State, and had early instilled into him the principles of agriculture, the sfiurce of his present success. In search of a place where lands were cheaper nnil where there was a greater scope for his efforts, in February, 1876, our subject came to Mtmona County, and on a farm in Lake Township, which he renterl, commenced life for himself. This was on section 34. The land and the location meeting his views to a certain extent, he purchased the place two years later, and there in.'ide his home until 1882. At that time some other land in the same township was offered for sale, and, knowing it to be superior to his own, he disposed <»f the lat- ter and bought the one hundred and twenty-six acres. .Since that time he has been constantly ad- ding to his place, until he has now a fine farm of three hundred and forty -six acres, all but forty of which, is under cultivation or seeded to grass. He is giving a large share of his attention to stock- raising, keeping on hand nearly always from fifteen lo twenty head of horses, eighty to one hundred head of cattle, and about one hundred au'l fifty hogs. Mr. McHeath was married .lune 5, 1876, to .Miss Kmma .1. Swackhammer, a native of Wayne Count)", Ohio, and a daughter of John and Kliza Swackham- mer. By this union they have had a family of five children: Ernest V.. Grace, Nev, Ethel and Verna. DWARI) CLARK, a prominent and.well- E known old settler of Monona Courity, came from Waterloo, Iowa, by team in the fall of 1855, and October 6, located in Lincoln Township. He remained there until March 20, 1856, when he removed to section 34, Lake Township,where he had pre-empted one hundred and sixty acres upon which be still resides, carrying on these many years the quiet vocation of a farmer's life. Mr. Clark was born in Richland County. Ohio, .January 19, 1828, and is the son of George and Elizabeth Clark. His father, in his earlj- days, had been a shoemaker, but the earliest remembrance of our subject, was upon a farm. In his native count)" the latter received his education, and re mained beneath the parental roof until about seven- teen years of age. Going then lo De Kalb County. Ind., for some three years ho was engaged in clear- ing up a farm, in the heavy timber, for his brother George. Eight years in all he inaile his home in that locality, and then removed to Iowa. locating in Waterloo, Black Hawk County, where he engaged at all kinds of freighting anf^i;^^^^ w ■*-r-V HENRY TALBOY, M.D. As a repre- sentative of the self-made men of this coun- trv. who have been, unaided, the architects of their own fortunes, and who have by their own efforts obtained the education that fits them for a professional life, there is probablj' no more interesting example than the gentleman of whom this sketch is written. He is a son of Ben- jamin and Martha (Garner) Talboy, and was born in Connecticut, December 14, 1860. When he was about two 3'cars of age his parents left New England, and settled in Warren Count}', Iowa, where the father was engaged in a woolen-mill, and where they still reside. The Doctor first attended school at Palmj-ra. Warren Count}', Iowa, at which he continued an attendance until at eighteen years of age, being ambi- tious of pursuing his studies through the higher branches, he commenced teaching school, and for six terms followed that profession, the last two as Principal of the Palmyra schools. During all of this time he was engaged in the study of medicine with J. D. Bl.ike, M.D., in the same city, and in the fall of 1881, having by his own exertions amassed the necessary means, he entered the medi- cal department of the Iowa State University, at Iowa City, from which institution he was gradu- ated with honors, March 5, 1881. Having now grasjied the situation and obtained the sought-for qualifications, he located at Carlisle, Iowa, and commenced practice. Aboutthis time J. W. Davis of Belvidere, this county, who had been corres- ponding with him, induced him to come to that locality, and should have met him at the traiu, but, for some unexplained reason, did not. The Doctor procuring a pony at Onawa, rode across the bottom M( i\( iX \ ( I II \ I ^ l.'w to IJclviik're. with tlie waler, which owiii;,' to ihi' Moods ill the river over-flov.cd its siirfnce. up Id the horse's sides. On the :irrisal at his journey's end, he was not much pleased at the prospect, seeing hut few people and lots of water, and N(iNA (Ol NTV 459 until coming to this ooiinly. in 1855. Ilavinfr lnouylit considoniliie menus wiiii iilm, he enlcrt'd iui-fje quantities of land in this locality at il.25 an acre, lie was largely identified with the history of the oonimnnity and the ilcvelopnienl of the eoiinly. and sueeess attended all his investments. He be- came one of the wealthier men of the county. .July "27, 1886, after a life of usefulness. Mr. Lindley passed to his rest in the land beyond the i,fravc. He had been married in New York City. 10 .Miss .Sirah (Jrant, a native of County Tip[)erary. Ireland, who died here August 10, 1872. They had a family of nine children: Richard O., George 1'., Ki.bert K.. William A.. John H., Mary E., S.arali C., deceased, Samuel M. and Thomas L., deceased. IIIAM K. NEFF, a resident of Kennebec ■^i Township, living on section 14, is engaged i:^' in farming and stock raising. He first came to Monona County in the fall of 187;5 from Calliuun County, Mich., and for seven months wa^ in ilie employ of .'^ocrates Smith. The next year he was engaged at farm labor on the place of J. 13. r. Day, when he found that A. J. Hathaw.aj- re- quired his services, and with the latter gentleman remained about two years. He then removed to Pennsylvania, but after eighteen months residence in that State, returned to Monona County, and was employed in various places until the fall of 1880, when he purchased a small farm of forty acres, to which he has since .added forty more, making lis present farm ol eighty a'-res. and settled down to its cultivation. In Cass County. Mich.. October 2'.». 1851, at the home of his parents, w.as born the subject of this narrative. Both of his parents, after residing in New York State for some years, settleil in Michigan ill an early day, where the father died in the fall of liss.s. His mother is still living in Cass County, that Suite, having reached the ageof sevenlj'-lhree years. Hiram, at the early age of thirteen, began to earn a living for him.self, working at farm labor for about a year and for the four succeeding ye«rs I .nulled the baggage at the railroad station at L>ii\v:ii,'i:i(% .\li(ii. For a short time thereafter he acted .-ui brnkcman on the .Michigan Central Railway, from which he was promoted to the position of baggage master on one of their trains and remained in the latter capacity until the fall of 1873, when he came to Monona County, as above stated. June 26, 1875, he was united in marriage with .Miss FannieSmilh,analiveof Monona County. Iowa, who most;of her life has resided in Kennebec Township, and is the parent of two children, Emma and Minnie. ii^t- anu inuusirious Farmer oi ^nerraan lo ^\ ship, having his home on section 30, wl: ^phe owns some two hundred an, and was a (huiijIiU'r of Alexander and Lucinda Muniniey, llie former of whom died Janiiarv 4, 1878. By tiiis union thcro have been two children. ^^-^ I* i»-iASHINGTON VAN DORN, senior partner /' in the firm of Van Dorn it Son. dealers in \)y^ general merchandise at the village of Rod- ney, is a representative of one of the early pioneer families of Monona County, locating here with liis father in 185o. Our subject was born in Washington Township, Richland County. Ohio. March 6. 18.30. and is the fifth son of Cornelius and Marj- (Wilkinson) \'an Dorn, a history of whom appears elsewhere. He received his education in the common schools of his native county, but on attainiiig his manhood si)ent some time at a select school in Belleville. From the time he was fifteen years of age, he had been accustomed to earn his own living, and upon finishing his education, went to work in a sawmill in tlie eastern part of Ohio, .as an engineer, and continued in that cajjacity for about a 3'ear. Re- turning to Richland County to assist his father in settling up his business, as tlie family- was alK)ut to remove to the West, in 1854 he came with his father to Iowa, and located with him in K.ayette County. The two, in partnership, rented a tract of land near West Union, upon which they made their home from October, 1854. until a year from that date, and then, packing up, came to MonoDa County and settled in Grant Township, the second family to take up their residence therein. After remaining with his father some two years, Wash- ington removed to his own farm on section ;?. and engaged in agricidtural pursuit.s until 1800, wlien. having ac(|uired some land in Woodbury County, he removed thither. In 180:5, he purchased an in- terest in a steam sawmill at Sniiililand. Woodbury County, with .1. C. Watts, but a year later removed it to the outlet of Blue Lake, west of Onawa. Two years later he sold out his interest therein, ami re- turned to the farm. In tlie fall of 1860, he entered iiitii the mcriantile business with 1). V. Dillings. at Sniithl.and, but oiilj" continued in it some six months, ajiain taking up f.-irming, moving to his farm, which has been his residence ever since. In the fall of 1H87, he erected a buihling in the new town of Rodney, in which, in tlic spring of 1888. in conipanj' with his si>n Arthur Virgil, ho opened up a general stock of merchandise, and is still en- gaged in that business. The second lloor of the buihling he occupies, which is 22x50 feet in size, is known as Van Dorn Hall, and is used for all l)ublic purposes. Mr. Van Dorn was married at .Smithland, Wood- bury County, Iowa. Niyvembcr 2, 1858. to Jliss Anna M. Van Zant, a native of Knox County. Ohio, who was born April 3, 1835, and is a daugh- ter of .lacob and Sarah (llulton) A'an Zant, both of whom are dece.'ised, dying in Woodbury Count)-. By this union there have been born three children: Alice Ada, August 8, 1859, who died February 16. 1864; Florence Ma\', born May 3, 1805; and Arthur V., born January 10, 1868. I SIOHN CRO.SSLFV. who is engaged in general farming and stock-r.aising, on section lit. Lake Township, was born November 8, 1856, in Cheshire. Kngland, and is the son of John and Caroline Crossley, both of whom are natives of the same kingdom. In 1861, the family came to the United Stales and located at Burling- ton, Iowa, where the father w.ns employed in the distillery for a time, afterwards adopting farming on lan^^^^^^^t^^^< STp^ N. DELASHMLTT, an extensive fanner |fe) and stock- raiser of Lincoln Township, liv- J^' — ■'■^ ' ing on section 22, made his first appearance in Monona County in the fall of 1870, but a short time after, having resided with his brother-in-law, AV. G. Ball'.u'd, near Maple Landing, he returned to Mills County, Iowa. In February, 1872, he came b.ack to this county and opened a farm on the west bank of Badger Lake, where he made his home until the following fall, and then returned to ]\Iills County. While there he traded his place on the above Lake for 120 acres of the land upon uhich he now lives, with his brother, and in November, 187.0, came here and made a permanent settlement on the farm. There was but a small house upon the land, and only about fifty acres broken. Suc- cess having attended his efforts, he has been ena- bled to add to his farm until it is now three hun- dred .and sixty acres in extent, a large portion of which is under cultivation and well improved. Mr. Del.ishmutt was born in Mah.aska County, Iowa, February 13, 1851, ami is the son of F. L. and Esther Delashmutt. When he was about eight years of age the family removed to Mills County, in which section of this State lie was reared and educated, and there made his home until coming to Monona County*. In Mills County. March 7, 1875, took place the interesting ceremony* that united the life and desti- nies of our subject and Miss Jlaggie Talliferio. The lady is a native of Worth County, Mo., and is the daughter of James and C. J. Talliferio. Around their domestic hearth clusters a family of six cliil- then that have been Itorn in the march of time, who bear, the following names: Jesse L.. Clay, John W., Fanny, Elmer Y. and Marcia I). — .-\/r^-\4e£i2/!5~^- §f.gl/OT»»'«>'W^- WILLIAM McFARLANE. Among the suc- cessful business men of Monona County, „ ^. is the popular and well-known banker of the village of Blencoe, of whom this epitome is written. A native of Lanarkshire, Scotland, he was born near the city of Glasgow, June 6, 1852. His parents, James and Margaret (Picken) McFarlane, are both still living "on their native heath," and after fifty years of wedded felicit}-, in 1888, cele- brated their golden wedding. William ^McFarlane was reared not far from the banks of the classic river Cl}-de, among the beauti- ful surronndings of his native count}-, and received an excellent education in the jiublic and high schools of Glasgow. Preferring the practical to a collegiate education, he entered a commercial olfiee in that metropolis of Southw-estern Scotland, and sought at the desk the mysteries of book-keeping and gener.al commercial business. For three ^ears he was employed as a book-keepei-, after which he entered the civil service in the Board of Trade de- partment, where he remained about four years. MONONA COUNTY. 463 Believing that in the Colonies his chances in life were grcalcr tiian at home, in 1878 lie sailed for the Indian Ocean and Australia, and. men of his slainp being- sought after in that great dependency (if the Hritisli Kmpirc, he found employment with a large mercantile firm in the city of Adelaide. Four years he spent in that southern continent, but in the spring of 1882 came to the I' nited Stales, and in his search for a locality in which to eng.age in business, came to HIencoe, and soon afterward was taken into partnership b^- his bi-other, James, in the nicicantile business, and the firm of Mc- Karlane & Hro. formed. They carried on this line of trade until 1888. when they disposed of their buihling and business to K. M. Calef, and the firm w.-is dissolved. Jlr. McFarlane was largely in- strumental in the location of the depot at this point, anil in many other efforts for the benefit of the communit}-. In 1888. feeling the necessity that the new town h.-id for a bank, he made ar- rangements, and in August of that year oiiened the institution over which he presides, which is known as the Bunk of Blencoe. He does a general bank- ing, roal estate, and fire and tornado insurance business, making abstracts of titles, is a Notary Public, and is the agent for the sale of Traiis- Atlantic steamship tickets. .Mr. McFarlane was uniti'il in marriage. May "21, I88'J. with Miss .lennie (ilenn. a native of Ireland, born October 22, 1860, and who came with her parents. John .inrt Margaret (Ferguson) Glenn, to America in the spring of 18(),s. A sketch of her father appears elsewhere in the pages of this book. f'~ UlNCY A. WOO.STKH. The subject of this ' biography is ividely and favorably known _ J throughout this county, as one of its most prominent anil useful citizens. He is a Western pioneer, having with his own hands opened three farms from tlie wild prairie, and is a life-long agri- culturist, but of latir years has been devoting a large share of his attenliim to livestock on his beau- tiful farm of some four hundred and forty-six .-icres in .Maple Township. Thi' latter is well located and nicely improved, and lies in the lovely Maple Val- ley, on the banks of the silvery Maple River. He came to Monona County in thcspring of 18G5, and settled in Cooper Township, then a part of Maple. He took up a claim on section 6. upon which he erected a house and broke some thirty acres of land. In 1867 he sold this and bought the land and improv(!d the farm upon which he now resides, this being the south half of section 12, Maple Township. Mr. Wooster first saw the light of day, .Septem- ber 4, 18:3'.t, in Caledonia County, Vt., and is the son of John and Fanny K. (Stebbins) Wooster, na- tives of Vermont and Connecticut, respectivelv. j His father was a Congregational minister and w.as I somewhat engaged in .agricultural callings and ! made his home in Vermont and New Hampshire until his death. The mother of our subject died at West Burke, \'t.. February 26. 1888, aged eighty-four years. Mr. Wooster, the third in a family of four chil- dren, received an excellent education, both in the common schools and at an academy, and remained at home with his parents until about eighteen \ears of age. Receiving his time from his father, he went to Maine, where he eng.aged in lumbering, and remained until the summer of I860, when he came West and settling in Fillmore County. Minn., engaged in agriculture. From there, five years later, he came to .Monona County. Althongh formerly afliliating with the Re|)ubli- can party, in 1872. during the Liberal Republican movement, he sujiportcd Ilor.ace Greeley for Pres- ident and in I87G and 1880. prominently identified himself with the Greenback party, working earn- estly for the election both of Peter Cooper and James B. Weaver. He was a delegate to the Chi- ! cago convention in 1881, that nominated Benjamin F. liutler for President, and is one of the workers in the Union Labor movement in this county, at the present writing. He has been a delegate to va- rious State conventions at different times, and in the fall of 1871) received the nomination of the Greenback convention for member of the legi.'la- ture. and reduced the majority against that party in the district, fully SO per cent. He has held the ollice of ( 'ounly Siipcrvisor. ser\ iiii: as Cli.'iirman 464 MONONA COUNTY. one or two 3'ears and lias lield nearly all tlie differ- ent offices in tbe township. He is a member of Amicable Lodge, No. 289. A. F. & A. M., at Smith- laud, and of Gem City Assembly, No. 10,029 K. of L., at Mapleton. Mr. Wooster was married October 5, 1862, to Miss Catherine M. Monroe, a native of Bradford County, I'a., born July 1, 1839, and a daughter of John M. and Roxy (Willis) Monroe, natives of the Empire State, wlio were married July 28, 1833. From New York the latter removed to Bradford County, Pa., and in the spring of 1852 settled in Fillmore County, Minn., where they still live. Eleven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Wooster, as follows; Alfred Q., born June 14, 1863; Fremont M. May 26, 1866; Nellie M., October 7, 18G7; Levy F., June 5, 1869; George C, March 9, 1871 ; Ida J., August 31, 1872 ; Fannie R., April 2, 1874; John L. February 6, 1876; Dora E., April 14, 1878; Martin E., Feb- ruary 11, 1881, and Ellen M., born May, 1, 1889, who died Jul}' 24, of the same year. During the time of the Minnesota Indian massa- cre in 1862, Mr. Wooster served some time in a volunteer compauj' in the neigliborhoodof Winne- bago City. M.adelia,South Bend and Mankato, doing excellent service in the defence of the settlers. He was connected with the Peoples'' Press, of Maple- ton, for some time, as will appear in the history of that journal, elsewhere in this volume. From earlj' boyhood he has been a student of books and newspapers, aiming to keep posted on all current topics of the day. His home is alwajs well supplied rtilh books and newsi)aper3 and he knows what llicy contain. Upon all subjects he hears all sides and forms his own conclusions and acts upon his own convictions of right. '^^RIAII U. COMFORT, a prominent farmer III 11 I'l. I'. DAY, one of the old jiioiieers of Mo- nona County, a representative citizen of Kennebec Township, and at present a mem- ber of the mercantile lirm of W. T. Day & Co.. of Castana, is the second son of Eranklin A. and Harriet P. Day, and was born in Ilallowell, Me., M.ay 31. 1834. He attended the district schools until he w.os fourteen, when he entered the Ilallowell Academy for two years. At sixteen he engaged as clerk for a lumber firm for a year, and the next two years was in the grocery business with his brother, Frank, in Hath, Me. In the fall of I8.j3 he followed his father's family to Miildlc- lield. Conn., where he w:is cm()loyed as overseer of a mill and as clerk for a mill and factor3' close by. In February, 185"), young Day went to Perth .\inlioy. N. .1., where his father was then located, and in .July followcti the advice Ilor.ice Greeley was then giving and came West, via Hudson River, New York Central, Lake Erie it Detroit to Chicago and tlience to St. Charles, 111. In August and ."^eptendjer .Mr. Day made a pio- neer lri|i tf which is scattering blue grass seeil on the wild so ' '>^K - ^ ' ^ lilLLIAM TOWNLY Jk., an old resident \/i^//i ^^ Monona Ccmnty, settled in Sioux W^ Township, on section 12. in 1870. He w.as burn in Gloucestershire, England, February 14, 1828, and is the son of William ."^r. and Esther (Daney) Townl}'. His father was born in the same shire about 1789, and there, in 1814. was marrieiL He came to the Inited .States in 1834, and engaged in farming in New York State, where he died in 1859. his wife having died in England in 1847. They had a family of seven children: Mary Ann. de- ceased; John, Richard, Phoebe, Samuel, William, and Micliael, deceased. William Jr. grew to manhood in Barrington, England, and came to the United States in 1865, Unding at New York City. From there he went MONONA COUNTY. 4G9 lo UUih Territory, near Kcho City, where he was engagetl iu work on the Union Pacific Railroad. Kor four yeais he reniaineri tiiere after which lie came b.iciv East, and for the succeeding four years was ensraged in farming in Belvidere Township> this county. Hcing seized with the •' western fever,' in tiie spring of 1875. he returned to Utah and spent tiie summer in tiie mines about forty miles west of S'lit Laixe City, and then came hack to Monona County, and located on tiie farm wliere he now lls'cs and owns one hundred and sixty acres of land. His place is all improved and under fence and the buildings upon it of an excellent character. Mr. Townlj' was married in Kngland. June 3, 18,i0. to Miss Harriet Folks, a native of that coun- try, who died September 19. 1865. having had no children but adopting one, Amelia Folks, born April 15, 1858. when she wiis but a year old. Mrs. Townly tlied in this country while crossing the plains to Utah. Again .January 15. 18(58, Mr. Townly entered into a matriniDnial alliance, wed ding Miss A. M. Festerson at Echo City, Utah She is a native of Denmark, born October 18, 18.35, and is the daughter of S. and Margaret Hansen Festerson. By this union has been born a family of six children; William, born November 4, 1868, diecl December 4. I8C8; Harry, born Novem- l>er 2'.». 1809, died January 18, 1871; Joseph, born December 7, 1870; Harriet. November 8, 1872; Ksllier. July 10, 1874; and John W.. De- cember 27, 187C. J, ETER INMAN. who is engnginl in farm- ]Y ing on section 21, in West Fork Township, came to Jlonona County in September. 1871 and for five years was engaged in teaching school in Franklin, Lincoln, Sherman, Helvidere and (Irant Townships. In the spring of 1M7i;, he took charge of a large flock of sheep belonging to araboo Collegiate Insti- tute. He remained at home until May, 1871, when he started for Nebraska and the following July took a pre-emption claim in Holt County. The survey was in progress at the time and he was com- pelled to wait two j'ears before he could file his papers. While re.«iding there he, in common with the other people of a large section of country, suffered from the devastation of the grasshoppers, and in September 1871, came to Iowa as above stated. Mr. Inman was married Octobers. 187G, to Mits Mary E. Ken worthy, daughter of Kennard and Catherine (Brade) Kenworthy. The young lady was a native of Philadelphia, born M.ay 17, 1850, and removed with her parents to Sauk County, Wis., in 1855, where she was reared and educated. She is the mother of three children: Guy R., born August 15, 1877; Agnes ;ust 16, 1863. Aboutthe same time he returned to JIaine, and in the siiring of 1864 came back to Monona Couiit3', and pur- chasing eighty' acres of land made a settlement. He has been eng.aged in agriculture here ever since, and has added to his farm from time to time until he now owns two hundred and sixty-five acres, two hundred of which is in his home farm. He is en- gaged in stock-raising, and is one of the stock- holders in IheOnawa Creamery. Our subject is a native of Kennebcf County, Me., born February 21, 1838. and is the son of Na- thaniel and .lulia (Stone) Kimball. His father was Ixirii ill .Maine, in 1780, and when a boy adojiled a seafaring life, and rose to be Captain of the packet between the Kennebec River and I'.oston. He died in his native State, in 1863. The mother of ciur sub- ject, also a native of Maine, w.as born .May 12. 180(1, and died in September, 1876. She was the mother of seven children. si.\ bc>ys and one girl, our subject being the sixth. Mr. Kimball was reared in his native counl.\ . where he lived until he was sixteen years of age, at whicli period he removed witli his parents to Bos- ton, Mass., and there he made his home until com- ing to this county as above stated. He received an excellent common-school education. Our subject has been twice married, first in Oc- tober. 1861. wedding Miss Kllen Bigelow.aiso a na- ) tive of Maine, who died in Monona County, in ! May. 1877, leaving three children: .lulia. now the wife of G. Bentley, born October 28, 1«66; Al- fred W.. born September 17. 1868; and Luella, November 27. 1874. His second wife was Miss Kllen M. Bigelow. to whom he was united in 1878. This lady was born in Somerset County. Me.. May 10, 1839, and is the daughter of Benja- min F. and Louisa (Herrcn) Bigelow, both of whom were also born in Somerset County, Me. Her faither w.is reared oii a farm, and early in life followed stone-cutting at Bangor, and afterward served an apprenticeship at the mason's trade. In 1857 he moved to Bureau County, HI., and in .June, 1886, came to Monona County, and has since maile his home with our suliject. He was born De- cember 21. 1812, and his wife April 24, 1813. They were married Noveml»er 3. 1836. and have h!id a f.amil}' of three children — Ellen M.. Nettie and Clara A. Our subject and his wife are t)ie parents of two interesting children: AVilliaui F., whose birth look place September l.j, 1880; and Edwin P., b/rn Febru.iry 13, 1881. ^^^^ LE EN(iEN. u l':iniier and slucU-raiscr, of I )| section 22, Spring Valley Township, is >Qf- a representative of the ScandinavUn race, that have been so important a factor in the build- ing up and development of these Northwestern .States, and who make some of our finest citizens. He was born in Norw.ay, August 27. 1830, and is the son of O. O. Engen. In the days of his youth he received a common-school education, and was duly instructed in the oalcchism of the Lutheran Church, and there gr<'W to manhood. At the age of til irty-four years, Ai>ril 17. 1.S64, he was unitc'l 472 MONONA COUNTY. in marriage with Miss CaiTie Olson, a native of tlie same liingdom, born February 2, 1836. In 1866, with a natural desire to rise in tlie world and enjoy the freedom of more liberal insti- tutions, Mr. Engen crossed tlie stormy Atlantic in a sailing-vessel, and after a dreary, tedious voyage, lasting some seven weeks, landed at Quebec, Can- ada. From that port he came directly to Chicago, where he arrived Jul}- 4, and at once proceeded to Rock County, Wis., and in the latter locality he was engaged in farming until 1871. In that year, in search of a larger fleld for his efforts, he came to Monona County, and settling in Willow Township remained there until 1877, when, purchasing the farm upon which he now resides, he moved thither and engaged in its cultivation. This farm com- prises one hundred acres of well-improved and highly cultivate<1 land, and the buildings upon it are of a neat and tast}- description. In his political views Mr. Engen is a Republican, although no l)olitician. Mr. Engen and his wife are llie parents of six children, as follows: Anna Maria, born in Nor- waj', December 30, 1864; Ole, born in Norwa}*, April 1, 1866; Lena, born in Rock County, Wis., October 28, 1869; Giistave, born in Rock County, W^i.s , January' 6, 1871; Eddie, born in Monona Count}', Iowa, Januarj^ 25, 1875; and Clara Olilda, born August 25, 1876. Mr. Engen came to this country in limited cir- cumstances, and it is his pride to know that his present comfortable financial condition is the re- sult of his own efforts and industry. ^ ^^'^- •j^JDWIN PRICHARD, a well-known and rep- ly] resentative farmer, residing on section 22, \^ ' Grant Township, made a settlement in this county in March, 1865. He was born in Lorain Count}', Ohio, Uecember 18, 1822, and is the son of one of the Revolutionary heroes that bore arms ill our struggle for Independence. .Tared Prichard, L 3 father, a native of Connecticut, born in 1758, was reared upon a farm, and at the age of sixteen years entered the Continental Army, and served throughout the entire war, being promoted from rank to rank until he fairly won his commission as Captain, a title which he retained until his death. After the War of 1812-15 he removed to Ohio, and took up a tract of land in Lorain County. In 1838 he removed to Logan Count}', in the same State, where he was engaged in farming until his death. His first wife died in early life, and in Lorain County, Ohio, about 1820, he married Miss Elizabeth Smith, a native of Vermont, who was born October 7, 1748, and who died February, 12, 1871. By this union they had but one child, Edwin, the subject of this sketch. Edwin was about eleven years of age when he removed to Logan County with his parents, and there grew to manhood, receiving, in youth, a good common-school education. In 1847 he left the pa-, rental roof-tree and came to Iowa, locating in Clayton County, where he purchased one hundred and. sixty acres of wild land, and brought it under cultivation, and upon which he rem.ained until 1856. Selling out he removed to Shelby County, whei'e he was engaged in f.arming until 1865, the date of his coming to Monona County. Here he has resided ever since. He has a fine farm of one hundred and twenty acres, eighty of it under ex- cellent cultivation, with a neat and tasty residence and good barns and sheds upon it, and a considera- ble quantity of good stock. Our subject was married, in Cl.ayton County, Iowa. March 16, 1848, Miss Abbie Rounds, a native of Muskin- gum County, Ohio, who was born September 28, 1829, and is a d.aughter of John and Catherine (Hover) Rounds. Her father was born in Rhode Island, March 30, 1798, and died in Monona County, March 10, 1877. Her mother was born in Virginia, October 17, 1798, and died in Monona County, June 15, 1869. They were married in Ohio, whither they had gone in early life, and had a family of five children, of whom Mrs. Prichard was the third. Our subject and bis wife have had a family of ten children, of whom the following is a record: Catherine E. was born in Clayton County, Iowa. February 20, 1849, and married B. K. Harrington October 19, 1870, and is living at Lemars. Mi- nerva Jane was born in Cl.ayton County, May 9, 11 MONONA COUNTY. 17: IS.M, luiil wns iiiairicil. OctoliiT 1'.', 1870. lo A. D. Tylor, Mini ii'siili's at Sloaii. .larod was hoiMi (). and Charbs C .luiie 27. I87:S. 4R0 MONONA COUNTY. Capt. Uryaut was again manied Jaimaiy 12, 1880, to Miss Clare V. Sawin, of :\Iadisoii, Wis. By this marriage there is one daughter, Claribel S., born January 26, 1884. Mrs. Clare Sawin Bryant, who was born October 22, 1859, is the third daughter of John Alonzo and Catherine M. Sawin, who were married at Sherman, Chautauqua County, X. Y., April 19, 1848. Her father, John Alonzo Sawin, was born at Herkimer, Cattaraugus County, N. Y., November 2, 1824. Her mother, formerl_v Catherine M. Cornish, was born at Sherman, N. Y., March 10, 1830. From their marriage there were born seven children. The following interesting sketch of the school days of Capt. Bryant as given by one of liis class- mates, is taken from the columns of the Greenville, Mich., Gazette, to which it was communicated : November o, 1885 — Editor of The Gazette. "Dear Sir: Your excellent obituary of the late G. H. Bryant makes ver^- brief mention of the Captain as a scholar. His habits were such that to know him in this respect, it would be necessary to learn his history from those with whom he was ac- quainted, for the brilliancy of his scholarship, at the time he was a student, could never be learned from the Captain himself. As his classmate and roommate while he was a college student, I may be able to tell that which I personally knew of him. If he were living it would be embarrassing to him to see these incidents of his history in print; but they may prove interesting to his old friends and neighbors who knew him better as a business man than as a scholar. The subject of this sketch, as 1 learn from his teachers, was, even as a child, studious and thoughtful. At the age of ten years he had mastered tiie arithmetic, and at an earl}^ age hud made no inconsidei'able progress in other stu- dies, which are far beyond the comprehension of the average child of that age. After his father's death, when he was little more than twelve j'ears old. he lived for a time with a relative near his old home, in Wyoming County, N. Y. Here what he loved most dearlv, tlie opportunity to read, was almost entirely denied him; for in his ncvv home he found no books to read except au occasional vol- ume drawn from the Sunday-scliool library, wiiich wlien secured, he seldom had the time to read ,\t length he drew a little book which he could carry into the field in his vest pocket. This he read through the day, during the few minutes devoted to rest. This the Captain a few j-ears after assured me. was unutterably sweet, being to him what the des- ert spring is to the thirsty- traveler. Matters, how- ever, changed soon for the better, and for a season he was permitted to pursue his studies at the War- saw Academ}-. Here he must have made rapid progress, for in 1857, when he was but seventeen years old, he was the foremost mathematician of the Universitj" of Wisconsin, of which he was then a member; while in all other branches of study, he was far above mediocrit}'. Those who knew him at that time, will remember him as a thoughtful hoy, who rarelj' engaged in college sports, choosing rather the ever^' day work of the student, as more congenial to his tastes, and affording him higher en- jo^'ment than he could derive from any mere past- time. The game of chess, as far as I know, was the onl}' game in which he took an3' particular in- terest, but of this h« was very fond. An incident which happened at Madison in 1857, will serve as an illustration of two of his most prom- inent characteristics: his cl.iss came upon a dif- ficult problem, so difficult that the combined talent of theuniversitj', after a trial of several daN's, seemed unable to unravel it. It was then discovered that the the joungest member of the class had several days before obtained a brief and beautiful solution but the discover}- was not made till he had been questioned. When called upon by the professor to put his work upon the board, before his class, his embarrass- ment plainl}' indicated that he was not anxious to make a display of his talents, even before those with whom he was so well .icquainted. During the winter of 1858-59, the Captain and the writer of this article were teachers in public, schools in neighboring districts, in Waukesha Countj', Wis., where he is still remembered by his old pupils with that love and respect which lie everywhere comma^ided. During the summer fol- lowing, part of my summer vacation was spent at his home at Lake Mills, Wis. On the eve of ni}' departure the Captain told me that a physician who had ex.amincd his lungs informed him that his left lung was in a bad condition, and tiial the prospects MONONA COINTY. 481 were not favorable for the recovery of liis health. Tlierc was uuinistakable evidence that his lung was affected to such an extent as to fill me with grave apprehension for his recovery. Concealing my own fears, I- succeeded in a measure, in lessening the apprehensions which he fell for his own health, but knowing that his parents had both died young, my mind was never again entirely free from appre- hensions that his health would fail, and that his life wiiidd not be prolongearents weie members of the Christian Church, although the mother now afliliates with the Congregational- ists. John B. Moorhead received his education in the common schools of Athens County. Ohio, then in a pioneer stage, rough cradles of learning, built of logs, with slabs for desks and benches, and grew to manhood upon the farm. He remained at home until coming to tiiis county, as above detailed. His interest lies mostly iii llii.-< county, and his removal to Dunhq) w.as simi>ly to give his children the ad- vantages of the educational facililii'S of that village MONONA rorxTY, 48;) and lu afford them tlu '■ . .,> .,i of luore socklv. lu his political views ^Mr. Moorhead is a Democrat, and has filled several of the township olllces that he has been induceil to accept. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic fralernitv, both Bkie Lodge and Chapter, having united with the order at Ndsonville. Ohio, in 1852. Mr. Mrhe."»d, December G. 1863. was united ii marriage with Mrs. Mary Kennedy, nee Ilowartli, a native of Kngland. who w.is born November 13, 1834, and was the widow of Samuel Ci. Kennedy, who died in Crawford County. By her first mar- riage Mrs. Kennedy was the mother of two chil- dren — Mary E.. the wife of S. M. Blackman; and Ida A., Mrs. George Pegsle}-. Mr. and Mrs. Moor- bead have h.id a family of five children: Fannie .7., the wife of L. K. Ilalloway, residing in Omaha; George II.. Sadio A., Charles E. and Edna A. Mr. and Mrs. Moorhead arc both members of llie Chris- tian Church. Upon Mr. Moorhead's farm has sprung up quite a little village, one of the best business centres of the county, which alre.idy contains two stores, post- oHicc. blacksmith shops, physician, etc. It has, l>ropcrly. been given the name of Moorhead. J^OHN 15.\LLANTYNE, deceased, the father i of James Ballantyuo, one of tlie prominent and respected citizens of .lordan Township, was born in Scotland, about 1784, and wa- employecl .as a farm laborer until 1841. Having embraced the tenets of the Cliurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Daj' Saints, commonlj' known as Mor- mons, and being somewhat persecuteTnslilp. He bought the farm where he now lives in the fall of 1HH2. It contains one hundred and twenty acii- of fine arable land. Mr. Allen was born in Bureau Countj-, 111 , Fel'- ruary It), 1844, and is the son of Jacomiah :i: Oebiirah (Britt) Aik'u. His father was ft native ol \'irginia and his mother of Pennsylvania. Tin' • parents settled in Bureau County in 1836, wh their di-ath took place — the former, .hiiie 13, IStll, at the age of eighty-three, and the latter in (Octo- ber. 1878, aged sixty-nine. They had a family of eight children, seven boys and one girl, of whom Terry was tlie third. Perr^- Allen was reared upon the farm in Bureau Count}' and received his education in the excellent schools of that loealil,j', but a time of trial had come '• that tried men's souls," for arrant traitors had assaulted the government of onr countrj' and insulte C. FLE.MIN'i.a proiniiienl m-i'( and Sarah (Gmlbold) Fleming. His father, live of Essex, was born in 1821. and died in l.^l.j. having but one child, Janu«. the subject of 488 MONONA COUNTY. this sketcl). When tlie latter was about four years of age. lie was brought to the United States by his mother and lier second husband, George Brunker. The little family located near Buffalo, N. Y., where James commenced his schooling. At the age of fourteen the latter came West with'his mother and step-father, and settled in ^AVinnebago Countj-, Wis. Early in life our subject was initiated into hard work, commencing labor on a farm at a ten- der age. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits for seven 3-ears, when, during the Civil War, he enlisted August 24, 1862. under the name of James Brunker, (he being known by iris step-father's name at the time,) in Company D, Tliiity-second Wiscon- sin Infantry. Being .accidentally hurt before the regiment was engaged in hostilities,' he w.as honor- ably discharged from the][ service February 17, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn., and returned to his home in the Badger State, and was employed in lum- bering until 1871, when he came to IMonona Countj-, locating in'Shcrman Township, where he has since made his home. Mr. Fleming was united in marriage, July 24, 1869, with Miss Ermina Hyde, of Fond du Lac-. AVis., a native of St. Lawrence County, N. Y., and the daughter of Ephraim S. and Mary (Reynolds) Hyde. Her father was born in Vermont, in 1794, and her mother in Canada, near Ottawa, in 181 ;j. After their marriage they I'emoved to the State of New Y'ork, and ii.ad a family of twelve children, of whom Mrs Fleming w.as the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. Fleming are the parents of seven children, as follows: .Sarah M., born April 10, 1870, now Mrs. George Waymire; George E., born June 7, 1871, and died July 27. 1875; Minnie G., born Miiy 7, 1873; James E., January 9, 187^; Fred A. E., December 25, 1880; Albert L., No- vember 1, 1884; and Bernard E.. March 13, 1887. During: the first three years after this little fam- ily came to Monona County, tliey li.id very hard work to make a living, as all the money they had w.as put into the farm they purchased. The grass- hopper pl.iguc struck the country the year they came, and bothered them eight years. After that they got along better, although at times they seemed almost swamped and did not know which way to turn — losing hogs witli ciiolera and hordes by -what is known as the Bottom disease. They struggled on in this way until at last they can see their way out, with all their debts paid, and are in comfortable circumstances, and thankful to the Lord that tliey are living in a land of peace and plenty. \|I OSEPH S. MAUGHLIN, one of tire leading citizens of the village of Onawa and Monona County,' was born'jn Y'ork County, Pa., ' June 2," 1823, and is the son of John and Marj- (Smith) Maughlin. both of whom were, also natives of [the same L section" of the Keystone State. His father, who was born in December, 1788, was" a carpenter bj' trade but jiart of his life followed farming. He was the son of William Maughlin, wlio [is supposed to have been born either in';Scotland or the North of Ireland, and was the son of one of the' Jacobites who fought fur Prince Charles Edward at Cullo- den in 1746, and on'account thereof'was compelled to flee to this country and settled in York County, Penn. John Maughlin was a member of the Pres- byterian Church but afterward joined the Unite I Brethren, and^dicd in September, 1881. '[Joseph H. Maughlin's mother. formel3- Miss Mary Smith, was the daughter of Joseph Smith, a native of the North of Ireland, of Scottish ancestry, who came to America in early life and grew to be an impor- tant and prominent member of the farming com- munit}' of Y'ork County, Pa., until his death which occurred about 1850. The family of Smiths were a connection of the clan of McGregor, celebrated iu story and the annals of Scotland. The family of Reed, celebrated during the American Revolu- tion, were connections of William Maughlin's wife. Joseph S. Maugidin, after grounding his educa- tion in tlie common schools of his native county, was in attendance at Jefferson and Franklin colleges, being graduated from the latter. He entered the Theological Institute of the Associate Presbyterians at Cannonsl'urg, Pa., after leaving which he was licensed to preach the AVord of God by^the Alle- gheny- Presbyter}'. After liaving charge of a cl'urch in Indiana, he organized a congregation at MONONA COUNTY. 489 College Springs, Iowa, about 18J7. During the rebellion he took an active part in the hostilities along the Missouri line. Karly in IHOTi Mr. Maugh- lin came to Monona Count}-, having charge of the American Emigrant Company's liusiness, and set- tled at Onawa. Since then lie has made this his home and has been engaged in many of the busi- ness enterprises of the place. lie has always taken an active interest in whatever will develop anil benelit the town or county. lie was quite promi- nent in the erection of the High .School building and has held several positions on the board of ed- ucation. .Shortly after coming to Onawa, Mr. Manghlin w.-is elected to the office of .Superintend- ent of common schools of the county and served in that capacity with considerable credit and honor. Mr. Manghlin was united in marriage April 7, 1853, with Miss Mary McCaskey, daughter ... .lames and .lane (Kirkwood) McCaskey, born in Helniont County. Ohio, in September. 1826. They have had born to them three children — Flora .1.. now teacher in the public High School at Onawa; William .1.. present Clerk of Court of Monona County ; and .lames Albert also a resident of Onawa, in the grain business. The Maughlins were a long-lived race, his grand- father dying when upwards of eighty- years and his father when ninety-three. A cousin of J. S. Miiughlin's grandmother, (icorge Heed, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. jkA us. SARAH THOMPSON, who is residing I li "P*^" ''•-''■ f-'fui on section 10, in .Spring w Is Valle}' Township, was born in Chautauqua * County, N. Y.. February 8. 1837, ami is the daughter of Thomas and Percy (Haiti win) Cur- tis. Her father was born August 27, 179;), and her mother September 10, 18UL', both in ^'ernlont. Having joined the Latter D.ay Saint.", her parents left New York in her infancj", and spent the sum- mer at Kirtlaml. Ohio. From there they went to Missouri, and while on the road, her father died. Her mother went on to Far West, Missouri, and v/m tliire during the Mormon troubles at that place. From there they went to Lima, HI., and finally to the City of Refuge, Nauvoo. In the meantime her mother married Kdward .lohnson. After the assassination of Joseph Smith, in 1811, the family started with the other members of the church for their unknown destination toward the Pacific Coast, but only went as far as Council Bluffs. From the latter village they went to .St. .Joseph, Mo. At the latter place the subject of this sketch w.as married to Henry Thompson, in Feb- ruary, 18.53. From St. .Joseph they moved to Cin- cinnati. Ohio, and later on to Warsaw, 111., from which place, in 1860 they came to Preparation. Here and in th.e vicinity she has made her home ever since. Hy her marriage Mrs. Thijmpson had four children — Francis L., Alice B., Henriettic. and Traverse C. During ttie War Mr. Thompson en- liste?ated upon this farm. Ervin Cushing, born in Rochester, Strafiford Count}-, N. H., December 31, 18.59, is the son of Enoch and Charlotte (Buzzel) Cushing. With his parents, when jet a child, he removed to Massa- chusetts, and remained near Boston about five j-ears. At the expiration of that time the family came to Iowa and settled in Pottawatt.amie County. He re- mained beneath the parental roof until he came to Monona Countj', as above recorded. September 6, 1883, in Pottawattamie Count}', took place the most important event in Mr. Cush- ings life, as u|)on that day he was united in mar- riage with Miss Laura Brown, a native of Henry County, 111., who was born December 12, 186.5. When she was about twenty-two months old, owing to the death of her father, she was adopted by Joel and Miss Kate Brown, with whom she removed to Pottawattamie Count)-, in the spring of 1872, and with whom she made her home until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Cushing have a family of two chil- dren — Joel J., born June 9, 1886; and Herbert C, whose birth took place February 18. 1888. ^^ -«,— /^^EORGE A. OLIVER, a member of the firm II (— , of Oliver Bros. & Tillson. attorneys-at law, ^^5) in ll'e city of Onawa, is a native of Wood- bury Count}', Iowa, having been born at Sergeant's Bluff, January 17, 1858, and is the son of the Hon. Addison and Hannah (Towne) Oliver, mentioned elsewhere in this volume. While an infant in arms not yet a year old, he was brought to Jlonona County by his parents, and has here grown to m.an- hood, in the city of Onawa. He received his edu- cation in the schools of tliat community, and after graduating from its highest department, entered the academic bianch of the Iowa State University, at Iowa City, where he pursued his studies during the terms of 1877-8. Entering the Law Department of the same institution, in the fall of the latter year, he was gr.aduated tlierefrom in 1879. In 1881 he was appointed Railway Postal Clerk on the Illinois Central Railroad, on the route from Ft. Dodge to Sioux City. In 1883 his run was ex- tended from Dubuque to Sioux City, and he re- mained in that position until March, 1866. In the latter month he was transferred to the Chicago, MONONA COUNTY. 491 St. I'aiil, Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad, hanilling the malls between St. Paul and Council Bluffs until August. 188G, when lie was removed for '-offensive partisanship." In January, 1887, Mr. Oliver formed a partnership with .Stephen Tillson, .1r.. and the linn thus formed en<(ag:ed in the law ami re.al- estate business. In December, 1887, J. F. Oliver was admitted to a partnership, and the style changed to its present form. Mr. Oliver w.is united in marriage, October 9, 1884, with Miss Cora A. Woodward, a native of Grant Townshij). this county, who was born Octo- ber 9, 1861, and is a daughter of Joseph D. Wood- ward, who settled in that part of the county in 1857, and a history of whom appears elsewhere. By this union there have been born two children — George K.. born January 19, 1886, and Eva A., whose birth took pl.ace August 24, 1887. In his political views Mr. Oliver is a stanch Re- ]inblican, and is a fair rei)resentative of the rising young men of that party. He has served as Jus- tice of the Peace in Onawa, and has talents that mark him out for high political preferment. So- cially he is a member of Monona Lodge, No. 1 84, Knights of Pythias, of which body he was one of the organizers. Mrs. Oliver is a consistent mem- ber of the Congregational Church. OlIN PKRHIN. of Sioux Town.ship. deserves special mention as being the oldest living resident of that subdivision of the county, having settled there with his father in the fall of 18,j.j. He was born in PottawatL-imie County, Iowa, near Council Bluffs, September 15, 1849, and having been in this countj' from childhnod. has been closely connected with the growth aud de- velopment of the same. John Perrin's father, Charles Perrin. was boi-n in Wiishingtiin County. N. Y., April •2.'). lMl2.and on attaining manhoofl. was united in marriage with Hannah M. Williams, who wa.s burn in Vermont, iibi>ut 1811. The family came to Iowa in an eaily day. and settled in Pottawattamie County, and in is,"..'i niade a permanent settlement in Sioux Town- ship. Monona County, where the father of our sub- ject died, March 26, 1889. John Perrin. the third in a family of eight chil- dren born to his parents, was reared upon u farm in this county, and receiveil his education in the rough pioneer schools of the neighborhood. On reaching the age of twenty-one years, he started out to eng.agc in life's battle for himself, adopting the vocation to which he had been bred, that of farm- ing, which he has followed ever since. In 1880. he purchased eighty acres of land on section .36, in Sioux Township, to which he has since added eighty i acres more, and has brought the whole of it to a high state of cultivation, and has it well-improved. Miss Anna Mcachan. a native of Massachusetts, and daughter of Solomon and Mariah D. Meachan, was the choice of Mr. Perrin for a life partner, and winning her consent, the_v were united in marriage December 27, 1882. Since that happy event three interesting children have brought light and joy to their household, to whom they have given the names of Lillie M., George W.. and Roy F. A TRICK G. DUNDON, an old settler of |l/ Monona Count3", came here in October, 1862. from Sun Prairie, Wis. After two years spent in prospecting, he filed a claim on the south half of the southwest quarter of sec- tion 6, Ashton Township, upon which he has since made his home. To this real estate he h.as since ailded ten acres of timber, and one hundred and twenty acres of arable land on section 1. lie has about one hundred and twenty .acres under cultiva- tion, the balance being meadow, besides which he has leased some four hundred acres on sections 8 and 17, and kei'ps about fifty hcid of cattle, twenty-two of horses, and one hundrcil and (iftj- hogs. Mr. Dundon w!is born about three miles eitst of the town of New Castle, west. County Limerick, Ireland, in the spring of 18:18. and is the son of .lohn and Kllen (Kennclly) Dundon. the former of 492 MONONA COUNTY. whom was a farmer, and died in the old countrj- in 1852; the mother died therein 188.5. Patrick was the eldest in a family of six children, the others be- ing: Michael, living in the AVest; Mary, in Pliila- delphia: .loanna, in Australia; Ellen, who died in Ireland; and James, in the boot and shoe business at Sioux City. Our subject remained at iiome until 1862, but in the spring of that year crossed the ocean, and located in Canada. In the fall of tlie same year he went to Dane County, Wis., and from there to Monona County as above stated. lie was married at Onawa in the spring of 1868, to Miss Mary Whalen, who has been the mother of seven chil- ih-en — John, Mar^^ Jane, Ellen, Joanna, who died April 8, 1875; Agnes and Celia. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Duudon was a farmer some throe miles south of Ilochale, County Limerick, Ireland, who died about 1847, his wife following him to the grave about 1852. Patrick Kennell}', his maternal grandfather, died in Ire- land about 1849. His wife, Ellen Nolan, in 1838. Mrs. Patrick Dundon is a native of Ireland, born in 1837. Her father was a fisherman on the coast, and was lost at sea, and her mother dying about 1846, she was brought up b}' her uncle, James Whalen, near Clifton, County Galway. The latter removed to New York, and ran a hotel there. While in Ireland he was a farmer. ■■n/Kn g)/OT7f»v~ •Vw- NGEBRET KNUDSON came to Monona County in the spring of 1866 in company with E. Eveuson, George and Andrew Swenson and Hans Tyverson and settled on the farm where he now lives, on section 33, Soldier Township. There were no improvements upon the place and for years he lived in a log shanty and "dug-out," and broke up the land little by little. He has now a neat and comfortable house, 14x22 feet on the ground and a story and a half high, and lias about eightj' acres of land under cultiva- tion. Mr. Knudson, was the son of Knud and Sarah Engebretson and born in Norway, January 29, 1839. In his youth he received the education com- mon to the children of that kingdom, and there grew to the years of maturity. In April, 1866, he crossed the broad ocean to America, and on land- ing (jn these shores, started at once for Perr\-, Wis. From there he went to La Crosse Count}' in the same State and in the latter place made his home until coming to IMonona Count}'. On his arrival in this country he was absolutely penniless, besides owing a debt of SlOO and on account of sickness in his family was some time before getting a start in the world. But honest effort and judicious eeonom}- have brought their reward and he now ranks with the other agriculturists of easy circum- stances in the count}'. In Norway December 7. 1865, Mr. Knudson and Miss ^lary Anderson, were united in marriage. She was the daughter of Andrew and Sarah Ander- son, and became the mother of three children — Gustav A., deceased, Sarah, deceased and Anna C. His wife died in Monona County, June 15, 1883, and October 23, 1884, Mr. Knudson m.nrried Miss JIary Christianson, the daughter of Ingar and Engebret Christianson, and by this union is thr. parent of three children — Inga, Sarah and Clara O. ETER JOHNSON, an industrious and re- spected citizen of Sioux Township, en- gaged in general farming and stock- raising on section 13, where he has one hundred and eighty-four acres of well improved land aud good buildings, is the third child of Jens and Inger Maria (Cristensen) Nelson, a sketch of whom is given in this book in connection with that of their eldest son, Nels Johnson. Peter Johnson was born in Landstrop, Denmark, September 2, 1855, and employed his youth up to his fourteenth year in obtaining an education. In working on a farm, he passed the remainder of his years, until he was twenty-one years of age, at which time he came to America, landing at New York City. He came directl}' to Monona County and located near Moorhead, in Spring Valley Township, where he was engaged in agricultural MONONA CULKTV. •Iti3 pui-fiiits, for about eleven luonllis. but longing for the old home, in May 1878, he returned to New- York (it}', and taking passage on one of the In- nian steamers, went back to Denmark b^- wajr of Kngland. A few months' farming in that country convinced him of his mistake, so he returned to the United States, landing, this time, at Boston and after a few weeks spent in that city, came back to Monona County, lie engaged again in farming in Spring Valley Township, but in 1881. having purchased eighty acres of land on section 13, Sioux Township, he removed to that sub-division of the county and has since made his home there. ^Ir. Johnson was married March 31, 1879, to Miss Mary Nelson, the daughter of Nels Peder- son and who was born near Veiby, Denmark, June 6, 1858. Her parents still reside in the old coun- try. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are the jjarents of nine children: Anna Mary, born Januarj' 4, 1880; James. January 8. 1881; Nettie. February 2, 1882; Cristen, January 28, 1883; John, April .'), 1884; Maggie, born April 6, 1885, and died January 28, 1886; JIaggie, born November 15, 1886; Tcnic, July 28, 1888, and Martin, August 4, 1889. LKXANDER F. GRAY. Among the rop- j£=ili resentalive farmei-s of the county, who have been the architects of their own for- tune, and have raised themselves from comparative poverty to a stale of comfort and alltuence, is the gentleman of whom this epitome is written. He is a native of Ontario, Can.ada. born September 1 8, 1 81.j. and is a son of John and Mary (Fisher) Gray. His father was a native of the same Dominion, and his mother of Scotland. '1 hey came \Vest with their family, and purchased a (arm on section 12, township 83, range 46, t^-anklin where they still reside. .Mexander w.as reared in the land of his birth, availing himself of the facilities for obt^iining an education, and assistef the same State, born January 31, 1721, a dc- M'endsnt of the Br.adfords wlio came over in liic .Mayflower, and w:is a soldier in the Rcvolntionar}- War. I^orenzo D. Bearce w.is reared at home upon a farm and laid the foundation of his education in the district schools of the neighborhood. At the :iire of nineteen he entered ths High Sciiool at \orth I>rook(ieUI, Mass., where he remained one year and then came to Iowa, locating atWaukon, Allamakee Countj', where he turned his attention to carpen- tering. .Shortly after this he took a position as a clerk in a store, in which he was employed, wlicn un September 10, 18G1. he enlisted in Company B, Twelfth Iowa Infantry. After passing some time in the camps of instruction at Dubuque and St. Louis, with the regiment he took the field. He participated in the engagement at Ft. Henry. Ft. Donelson and Pittsburg Landing, and at the latter battle, with most of his regiment, was taken pris- oner and confined in the rebel prison pens at Mont- gomery. Al:i.. Macon, Ga., and Libb}-, Richmond. From the latter he was paroled and afterward exchanged. Early in 1863 the regiment was re- organized and with it our subject took |)art in the Vicksburg campaign, and was in service in Missis- ~ip|)iand Tennessee until December, 18Gl.wlien be was a participant in the sanguinary, but glorious battle at Nashville, where Hood's array was com- |iletely annihilated. In the capture of .Spanish l-"ort and Ft. Blakely he was present with his noble regiment, after which he was employed in garrison duty \inlil his final discharge, which was given him at Davenport. Iowa, .lanuary 25, 186C. Hetiu-niiig to Waukon he there remained one year, but in the spring «if 18C7. came to .Monona County and liirned his attention to farming and stock-raising in Kennebec Township. In the fall of 1882, Mr. B -arre received the nomination of the liepublican convention for the oflicc of County Recorder, to which he was elected by the people, and h.asibeen re-elected his own successor ever since. * He is a member of Han^ci.ni Post, No. 97, G. A. R.. at Onawa. .Mr. Bearce w.as married October i8, 1870, to Luzetla K. Crouch, who was born" in .Monroe County, N. Y., November 10, 1850, and is the father of two children; Arthur L.. born August 1, 1871 ;and Althea L., June IS. 187G. ^^\ H1>TER W. DALEY, one of the leading (li li\ ^'"■™*^'"* of ^'x^'"'"''" I'ownship, h.as hishome- ^^fJ like residence on section I, where_ he has some two humlred and sixty .acres of land, all well- improved, and upon which he is engaged to a large extent in stock-raising. He^ is a native of Wood- bury, Litchfiehi County, Conn., and was born Au- gust 29, 1826. His father, Stephen D.'>Iey, was born in Connecticut in 1800, and married Miss Alvira Wheeler, a native of the same State, who was born in 1802. The former died November 6, 1887, having been preceded in death by his wife, who "passed to the other shore" October 11, 1882. Chester W. Dale}', who was the second in a familj' of four children born to his parents, com- menced life for himself at the age of twenty-three years, after having! received the rudiments of an excellent education in his New England home, and adopting farming as a vocation in life, removed to Cortland County, N. Y., where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until lH7.i. He then removed to Monona County and settled in Sherman Town- ship, where he has since resided. November 21, 1849, in Litchfield County, Conn., Mr. Daley was united in marriage with Miss .Susan E. Hunt, a native of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., who was born January 11, 1N2M. Her father, Edward J. Hunt, was born in Dover, X. Y., September l.'i. 1789, and her mother, .Sarah (Cowles) Hunt, at Belhlehim, Conn.. November 12, 1800. Mr. and Mr?. Daley are the p:irent3 of thre* children, of whom the following is a record: Ed- ward H.. who wa:< born April 1, 1851, marrie . cCic- ?RANK T. SPENCER, the popular landlord of the Spencer House, at Onawa, was born in Novi, Oakland County, Mich., January 1, 1855, and is the son of Harry and Julia (Baker) Spencer. His great-grandfather Spencer served as a soldier in the Continental Armj', during the dark !iu(l trying days of the Revolutionarj' AYar, and died at the advanced age of one hundred and five 3-ears. The paternal grandparents of our subject, Joseph Spencer and Electa Spencer were residents of the State of New York where thej' were en- gaged in farming. They had a famil}' of eight children, of whom Harrj', the father of our sub- ject was one. The latter was born at Port Henry, E.sses County, N. Y., March 24, 1816. March 15, 1838 he married Miss Julia Baker, at Granville Corners, the same State. His wife was a native of Chazy, Clinton County. N. Y., and was born July 2. 1818. They h.ad a family of seven children born upon the following dates: Electa, Julj' 15, 1842; Matilda, January 28, 1845; Henry, December 5, 1850; Mary, April 23, 1852, Frank T., January 1, 1855; Flora. June 2, 1862 and Samuel, Novem- ber 2, 1865. Of the maternal grandparents of F. T. Spencer the following record has been kept: John Baker, bis grandfather, was a soldier in the United States array and w.is present at the battle of Plattsburg, N. Y.. in 1813. AVIille he was absent the hostile Indians came to the settlement where he resided and impaled a child, but on reaching the house of Mrs. Martha Baker, they found her busil}' engaged in boiling soap, and on their attempting to commit depredations there, she lieroicall3' faced them, and with ladles full of the boiling soap held them at ■ba3' and Qnall3' drove them off, and nothing could induce them to return to that localit3'. Frank Spencer was reared upon a farm in Mich- igan, whither his parents had removed previous to his birth and received his education in the district schools of Novi in that .State. On attaining his majority he removed to the city of Detroit, and for five 3-ears served on the police force, makinif an excellent officer. At the expiration of that time in 1882 he came to Iowa, and settling in Monona County, went to work in the Onawa House, with J. E. Morrison. Eight months later he took up farming on a farm in Belvidere, where he re- mained some four 3'ears, and then returned to Onawa, and assumed his old position of clerk of the Onawa House. Januar3' 1, 1888, he was ap- pointed Deputy Sheriff under L. D. Kittle .and served about six months. Purchasing the old Wal- ton House, he then entered upon his career as lind- lord, changing the name of the hotel to its present one and h.as succeeded In making it one of the leading places of eutertainment in the count3'. On December 6, 1876, Mr. Spencer was united in marriage with Miss Minnie Frederica Howe, the (Laughter of John L. and Araminta B. (Coonl3') Howe, both of whom are residents of the count3\ living at Castana. By this union there have been two interesting children born. Angle H. and .lulia J., both of whom are living. -^^ ENGEBRET EV ANSON, a highly successful and substantial farmer of Soldier Town- ' ship, and a prominent representative of the Scandinavian settlers of that section of the coun- ty, has his residence on section 30, where he set- tled on coming here, in tlie spring of 1868, making his home .at that time at Mr. Thoreson's until fall. He by that lime got up a small frame house, into which he removed and broke about twentv acres of MONONA COUNTY. 497 land. lie aii<1 A. Tbt^reson purcliased eighty acies in p!irtiuMsiii|>. From iiis limited circmustanees in tliose days, by Ids own industry and energy be bns risen ti» a i)Ositi<»n of coni[)aralivrovcd and highly cultivated. Mr. Welsh entered into a matrimonial alliance August 7, 1870, leading to the altar Miss Rlioda A. Mann, a native of .Marshall County, Iowa, and the daughter of .lacob L. and Mary (Allen) Mann. By this union lliey had a family of ten children: .Jacob L., George A., Henry F., Mary Ada, Bessie, Ollie. Christopher. .John, Freddie and Elmer. Ollie dieil in infancy. Mr. Walsh is a stanch Democrat in his political views, an I was elected one of the Trustees of the township in the fall of 1888. Socially, be is a member of Assembly No. 1022. K. of L.. located at Blencoe. ^ ORNKLHS .S. SKY KR.SON. senior member 1 1 ^, of the tirin of Severson A Torrison, leadiuir ^^^' dealers in general merchandise of the vil- lage of Ute, came to Monona County in the fall of 1868, with his parenis, au-^tore at Moorhead and has followed mercantile life there ever since. In October 1886, JNIr. Erickson purchased a half interest in the business of his employer, G. P. Heiijainin, and they, under the Orm name of IScnjaniin & Erickson, carried on the business until April 1, 1889, when he bought out his partner. He added to the storeroom by building an addition to the building shortly after, and increased his stock, and now carries a large and varied assortment of goods and has a large and lucrative trade. lie was appointed Postmaster .January l'">. 1H88and has re- tained the office since. Mr. Erickson was married May 2.5, 1887, at Woodbine, Harrison County, Iowa, to Miss Wilma Eades, a native of Missouri, who was born Febru- ary 27, 1863, and is the daughter of Enibrose and Martha Eades. Hy this union he is the parent of one child, George Elmer, who was born June 10, 1889. Mr. Erickson is a zealous and consistent member of the Lutheran Church, in which faith he was reared, while his wife draws spiritual consola- tion from the ministrations of the Presbyterian communion. ^ IfclLLIAM T. DAY, the enterprising young y / merchant of C'astana and a member of the iry firm of W. T. I-).\v ife Co., was born in Monona Conntv, May 8, 1865, and is the son of Joseph IJ. P. and So|)hia E. (Thomas) Day. In the common district schools of his native county he sought the true foundation of practical educa- tion until the fall of 1878, when he went to Maple- ton and was in attendance at its graded school until January 1.3, 1879. At the latter dale lie began uiercanlile life as a member of the firm of !•'. A. Day & Co., and in 1883. in company with his father, l)urch!isid the business and carried it on in Old Caslana until the laying out of the new town ^nd then removed it thither. With their large and complete stock and a numerous acquaintance throughout an extended scope of country they at once assumed their present position as leaders in the business life of the village. Feeling the want of a commercial education. Will T., from January until July, 1884, attended a course at the Com- mercial College of Bloomfield, Iowa. W. T. Day was married August 15, 1888, to Miss Helen Hanson, a native of Norway, born July 23, 1865, who had come to America with her parents when an infant. Her father and mother both died in this county in 1884, leaving three children, Helen, Charles T. and Louise. One of the finest residences in the village of Castana is that of Mr. Day, and wjis erected in 1888. They have had born to them one child, Sophia Isabel, whose birth took place August 6, 1889. r|f=7REDERICIv I5LTCIIKK, an enterprising farmer of Franklin townshij), living on section 34i was born in Schoolcraft, Kala- mazoo Countv. Mich.. December 28, 1S58. ami is the son of Edmund and Mary (O'Leary) Butcher, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in the pages of this volume. He came to Monona County in 1866, with his parents, and since that time has made his home in Franklin Township, with the exception of three years spent at Sioux City. He received his education in the common schools of the county, and, being a natural born meclinnie, has followed car[)entering from his youth up, carrying it on in connection with farming. The last three yeai-s he has devoted his attention en- tirely to agriculture. In the fall of 1883, Mr. Hutcher purchased the farm where he now resides which at that time was entirely wild land, for which he ])aid «s 10 per acre. The whole one hun- dred and sixty acres of it is now thoroughly well improve, and is a daughter of Franklin and Maria Barnette. She came with her parents to Harrison County, Iowa, in 1865, and from there to Monona County where she was married. By this union iia\ c been born three children — Bert F., October. 1881 ; Bern P., November 27. 1883 and Blanche. Novem- ber 15, 1885, who died October 15, 1887. A.IOR MARTIN A. FREELAND. One of the ■nut prominent business men of Onawa iuid one who has been identified with ever^' movement looking to the im- provement and development of the city and county . is the gentleman of v/hom this sketch is written. He arrived in Onawa, in company with George F. Warner, March !(!, 1867, and engaged in the sab' of general merchandise, farm implements, lumber and stock, under tlie lirm name of Warner & Free- land. In December, 1872, by the admission of Edward Chapman, the firm was changed to War- ner, Freeland & Co., but the following 3'ear a dis. solution (if the pai1nershi|) look place, .Mr. Freeland reserving the lumber and agricultural implement department of the business which he lias carried on ever since, part offthc time in company with John Claghorn. Our subject is largely engaged, also, in general farming and stock-raising, owning and car- lying on three farms, which will aggregate over a thousand acres, and has at present, some three hundred head of cattle. Mr. Freeland was born in Cattaraugus County, N. Y., October 29. 1841, and is the son of Isaac and Sarah E. (Norwood) Freeland. a sketch of whom may be found elsewhere. He was reared upon a farm in the county of his birth, receiving the elements of his education in the district scIkkiIs. He came to Wisconsin in 1853, and there made his home until the breaking out of the war. When ••the bloody surge of rebellion swept over our land," and our mart^'red president called [for troops to put down the insurgents, in answer to the behests of patriotism, Mr. Freeland. May 20, ISfil , enlisted in what was known as the Hudson City Guards, afterwards Company G, Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry. He served with this regiment in Mar3-land, A'ir- ginia and Louisana. until October 24. 1863, whrn he w.is discharged to accept the commission as First Lieutenant in Company B. Tenth Uniteil States Colored Heavy Artillery. August 12, 1865. he was promoted to the rank of Captain, and a lit- tle later breveted Major. He participated in the expedition which captured New Orleans, assisting in the battle at Ft. Jackson, and in several other engagements in the department of the Gulf, and was stationed in the fortifications around the Crescent City. He continued in the service un- til February 22, 1867, when he was discharged and came to Onawa as above stated. Mr. Freeland was united in marriage June 25, 1868, with Miss Mar}- B. Holbrook. a native of Somerset County, Penn., where she was born Febru- nrv 22. 1 843,and was a daughter of the late Henry L. Holbrook, of this county. Mrs. Freeland received her education in the district and normal schools of Somerset County, Pa. She is the mother of seven children — Born H., I)orn May 4, 186i»; Henrv L., May 10. 1871; James, born March 13.1874. died August 24, 1876; Mary, born January 19. 1'';7, died April 21. 1877: Emily Ogle, bora MONONA COl'NTV. 507 Siptenil.er lit. 1878; Mjiiliii A., April 26, 1881; ami Charles AV., Febiiiury .5, 1885. Mis. Krco- L-Jiul is a member of ibe Cliiistian Cliuicli. Mr. Freelniul is .i member of llaiiscom Post, No. 97, G. A. R., of which iu- was a charter member and assisted iu the oriraiiizalion of Vesper Lodge, No. 2-23. A. F. ife A. M., with which he still retains connection. ••"♦o-^^^^i^-o^- i V| OIIN .1. C'ONYKR.S, one of the prominent and leading members of the farming com- munity of .Sioux Townsiiip, residing on sec- tion 3. was born at Nauvoo, Hancock County. 111.. August 1'.). 18-15, and is the son of .lolin and Priscilla (Akes) Conyers. John Conyers, the father of onr subject was born in Tennessee. April 25. 1817. In lS3t; he came to Iowa, and led a kind of roving life between this .State and Illinois, settling for a time at Nauvoo. In 184G he removed from the latter city to Clarke County, Iowa, where he made bis home until 1851, then going to Council HlulTs. The following year he settled at Little Sioux Harrison County, where there were at the time only two or three families. and entering one hundred and sixty acrft of land engaged in tilling the soil until 18(!3. at which date he came to Monona County. lie rented the old rrei)aration farm for three years, but at the expi- ration of that time jiurchased forty acres of l."«nd. upon which he still lives. December 27, 1837, in Illinois, he was united in marriage with Miss Pris- cilla Akes, a native of that St«te. born December 27, 1823. They were the parents of twelve chil- dren, seven of whom are living. John J. Confers, the fourth child of his parents, i-ame to Clarke County, Iowa, with the family when but an infant, and with them settled in llar- ri.-.on County. He well renu'nd)ers sreini; many Indians when they came there and the Indian tee- p<*es. From the latter place lie removed with his parents to Prepanition in 18131. Ncvijr having many facilities for education in bisyo'iib. he has ii-eii compelled to acquire it himself in later yeai-s. I >n attaining manhood be purchase*! a farm of one liundre|»>-»» Vf/SAAC FREELAND, an old and respected cit- ll izen of Onawa, was l)orn in Tompkins County, |£ N. Y., January 7, 1817. He is theson of Rob- ert and Catherine (Robison) Frceland. His father was a native of Ireland, born in the north part of that island, and came to America at the age of eighteen years, landing in New York City. From there he went to Ulster County, where he was mar- ried and then went to Tompkins County. He was ii carpenter by trade but at the same time cairied or. a large farm and became a man of means. In .ib^ul 1838 or 1840, he removed to Pennsylvania. where he died. His wife was born at Marbletown, N. Y.. and died in Cattaraugus County, in 1851. She was a daughter of Isaac Robison, a native of Holland, who settled in the Dutch settlement and kept a public house at Slaterville, Tompkins Count}', N. Y., where he died about 1825, over ighty years of age. His wife was a Miss Terwil- leger and they had a famil}' of five children, three girls, of whom the mother of Mr. Freeland was the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Freeland were the parents of nine children, four girls and five boys, of whom Isaac was the sixth child. Isaac Freeland remained in Tompkins County until he had reached the age of seventeen jears, and then went to Now Jersey. A little later he re- turned to his native State and settled in Cattar- augus County, where, engaged in farming and lum- bering, he remained until 1852. In the latter year he removed to Polk Countj-, Wis., among its ear- liest settlers and took an active part in its organiza- tion. He was the first Register of Deeds of the new court}' and transcribed the records from those of St. Croix Count}', of which it had formed a part. He afterwards held the ofliccs of Clerk of the cir- cuit court and County-Attorney, having been ad- mitted to the bar about 1856 or 1857. He held the latter office for about two terms. Prior to this he had acted as deputy Treasurer and was for some years a member of the county lioard of sup- ervisors. He came to Onawa in 1874, and after re- maining about five years, returned to Polk County. In 1884 he came back to Monona Count}' and set- tled on a farm in Sherman Township, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits. (Jwing to the loss of his house by fire, in the fall of 1886. he re- moved to Onawa, since which time he has been with his son, Martin A., in the lumbe/ and machin- ery business. Mr. Freeland h.as been three times married; llrsl in 1810 to Miss Saiah E. Norwood, a native of Tompkins County, N. Y., who died in Catteraugus County, the same State, about 1850, leaving three children — JMartin A., Kllen F., widow of D. I>. Kenyon. and Jonathan B., a resident of Decatur. Neb. He was again married to Miss Agnes Kent, who was born in New Brunswick in 1815, and died in 1855, leaving two children, only one of whom is MONONA C'Ol NTV. oil now livinjjf — Agnes, wife of William Foster, of Polk County, Wis. His third marriage took i)lAce in IS.iT. at which time he was united with Mrs. Sarah .1. Ward, ni'fi Carrie, the widow of William Ward, of I'olk County, the mother liy her first marriage of ft)ur children — Edwin, William, Laura deceased. an-^ OBERT R. PORTER. Among the older residents of .^uldier Township, who have (ii ^\ helped forward the work of developmont, ^i! and who have also shown their devotion and patriotism umler most trying and dangerons circumstances, is the subject of this biographical epitome. His homestead containing two hundred and forty -eight acres, is situated upon section 8, and is a model of high cultivation and improve- ment. Mr. I'ortcr w.a.s born in Count}' Fermanagh, Ire- land, January 20, 1843, and is the son of Charles and Ellen (Bramion) Porter, natives of that Isle. With his parents, when a small boy, he started for America, but on their vo^'age across the broad At- lantic, his mother w.as taken sick, and died on ship- board. With his f.ither and one brother, and two sisters, he located, after landing in this country, in Lafayette County, AVis., from which, in the spring of 1H55, they removed to Jackson County, Iowa, and in the latter localilv his father died, September 20, 18G0. .September 4, 1861, with the ardent jMitriotism that burns in the breast of all his race, he enlisted in Company M, Second Iowa Cavalrj". which had been mustered into the United Slates service at Davenport, September 1, 1861. This regiment built the barracks at Camp Joe Holt, that citj', and in December went to St. Louis, and re- mained at Benton Barracks until February 1862. Thry then commenced more active operations. Wi;)! the Second, Mr. Porter participated in the sie^.' of Corinth, in the battles of Farmington, Boi'ievillc, Rienzi, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Bini:iii;:ham, Jackson, ("Irenada, Colliorville, Mos- cow, I'unti'toc and Tupilo. He was one of that mil. If i.aiiii iliat made the famous raid under (ii.ii. Grierson, for the jiurpose of destroying the rail- roads through Central Mississiiijii,' and in the rear of Vicksburg. and the column of which he was a member, some five hundred strong under Col. Hatch, becoming separated J^from Ihe^main body, fought their way back through a large number of the enem}'. In Siiilember, 1804, Mr. Porter was mustered out. and returning to Davenport, was dis- charged October 4. 1864. After remaining in Linn County, Iowa, until sometime during the following winter, he went into Wisconsin, !and spent that sea- son'until the spring of 186.5, and after that m.ade his home in Jack.«on County, this State, until the spring of 1869,'when he came to Monona County, and settled upon a rented farm, from which, two years later, he removed to his present residence. Jlr. Porter was married November 20, 1867, to Miss Emma C. Koontz, a native of Bedford County, Pa., andj a daughter of [John S. and Elizabeth (Winegardner), Koontz, and their four children have been born u|)on the following dates: .James H., September 25, 1868; Richard October 27, 1870; Charles, October 20, 1872; Nellie B., February 28, 1876. LINTON M. WILEY, who is engaged in farming and stock-raising on sections 1 and '■' 2, Belvidere Township, residing on the former, was born in Brimfield, Peoria Country. 111., June 19, 1856, and is the son of Edwin and Eliz-n- beth (Wilson) Wiley. His father, a native of Ver- mont, was bom in Windom County, October 5. 1820,'and after receiving his education, and attain- ing man's estate among the Green Mountains, came West in 1841, and located in Peoria County, 111., where he engaged in sheep raising until 1855. At that time he moved into Brimfield, a village in the same county, and entered into the mercantile trade, but several years later, commenced farming in the vicinity, and was pursuing that vocation when taken from this world by death, April 15. 1873. He was married at Westmoreland, N. II., in the fall of 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Wilson, who still survives hiir. and makes her heme at Brimflcld, 514 MONONA COUNTY. They were the parents of four children: Solon W., born December 4,1853, who died May 1, 1876; Clinton M., our subject; Walter L., born in 1863; and Ma3-. born in I860, who died in 1S69. Clinton M., the second child, received a com- mon-school education, of a good practical character, in the county of his birth, and was reared beneath the parental roof until attaining his nineteenth year, at which time he left home. He came West to Monona County, and for about five years worked for an uncle, who had large interests here. At the expiration of that time he purchased a half- interest in seven hundred and twenty acres of land, on sections 1, 6, 7 and 12. Belvidere Township, and commenced its cultivation. A division taking place between the partners in 1886, Mr. Wile}' be- came the owner of one hundred and twenty well- improved acres, where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising. The marriage of Mr. Wiley took place March 22, 1880, the bride upon the occasion being the daugh tor of Charles C. and Hannah (Williams) Perriu, natives of New York State, who settled in this county in an early da}', as shown in a sketch of their lives in this volume. Her name was Miss Han- nah Perrin, and she was born in Monona County, Iowa. By tliis union there have been born two children : Bessie, May 28, 1883, and S. Howard, April 1, 1887. -3~^ ^, AMU EL G. IRISH, a prominent old settler of Monona County, residing at the village of Whiting, was born in Chittenden County, ^'t., November 3, 181 Land is a sun of Stephen ami Miranda Irish. His father, in early days, followed the trade of a blacksmith, a profession "held in repute by the people," but later in life engaged In farming. He was also a na- tive of the Green -Mountain Slate, born June 15, 1758. As a specimen of his handiwork and as a relic of bygone times. Mr. Irish retains in his possession a log chain made by his father, which must be in the neighborhood of one hundred jears old, and is excellently well preserved. Our subject remained at home until .attaining his majorit}', partially learning the trade of carpen- ter, and then removed to the State of New York, where he worked out by the month at farming, for two-thirds of a j'ear, without losing a day. Fin- ishing iiis apprenticeship at the carpenter's tr.ide, he followed it for a number of years, in fact until 1855, when he came to the West in search of a home. Settling in Allamakee County, Iowa, he there remained about a year. In company with Peter Mantor and some twelve others, he went to Dodge Count}-, Minn., where he located a claim upon which he made his home some tliree years. A town site was laid out by them, with the under- standing that Mr. Mantor was to have it if he would put up a grist and saw mill, and on names for the new village being suggested, Mr. Irish gave as his choice. Mantorville, a name which it bears at the present time. From there he removed to Kan- s.as, but two months of fever and ague drove him and his family back across the Missouri River into Missouri, and purch.isiug a farm in Clinton County, that State, he there remained until 1858, when, after a week or two spent in Monona County, he removed to Bon Homme County, Dak., where he remained some three years engaged in farming and stock- raising. Early in the war Mr. Irish received a commission as First Lieutenant in the Dakota Cavalr}', and was in actual service for some three months, when he resigned. lu the spring of 1864, when the columns under General Sibley were driv- ing the savage fiends who had perpetrated the fear- ful murders along the frontiers of Minnesota, to thuir fastnesses in the mountains, Mr. Irish and his family, in common with most of the settlers of that section of Dakota, fled to Y'ankton for safety, and a short time after came to Monona County and purchased a farm where he was engaged in agri- cultural iiursuils for nearly-twenty years. Some laughable incidents related by him of those carlv d.ays ma\' be found elsewhere in the pages of this work. Mr. Irish is the parent t" John and .Mary (Fisher) Gray, and of Scottish ancestry. He received his education in his native land, and there made his home until the spring of 1 .'^7 1 . when he came to Monona County with his parents, and their ten other children, by w.ay of Clinton County. His father, .lohn Gra}', purch.ascd a farm of one hundred and sixty acres near Blue Lake, near Onawa. and entered upon its cultivation. For about twelve years Angus O. taught school in the neighborhood of the county seat, but in 1883, entered into the mercantile trade, forming a part- nership with .Samuel Cunningham, and putting in a hardwnre stock, in the village of Blencoe, has con- tinued in that line ever since. After coming to this county, wishing to finish his education prop- erly, he returned to the place of his birth, and for nearlv one vear attended the Komoka Seminarv. -tiea^'S-^*'^^^ »®S-3(ZWr»v- -I OVKAD.l. TISDALK, a successful and well- |i \iS to-do farmer of Maple Township, having =^ bis home on section 2G, is a native of Iowa, born in .]acksi>n County. January- 2, 1856, and is the son of Myers ami Emily (Tisdalc) Tisdale. In his youth he recciveil an education in the country schools in the neighborhood of his father's farm, anfc/? valued citizen of Mapleton Township, re- siding on section l.came to Monona County in the spring of 1879, and for throe years made his home in Center Township. In the fall of 1882 he sold out and removed to his present resi- dence, where he has a well tilled farm of one hun- dred and twenty acres, which is well improved. .Mr. Jensen was born near Fredereksborg. Den- mark. September 18, 1810, and there grew to man- hood, receiving the elements of his education in the common schools and at an evening school and early in life apprenticed himself to learn the painter's tr.ade. Augirst 1, 1^72. he w.as united in marri.-ige with Miss Margareta Christianstn, a native, alsu. of Denmark, born March 29, 1847. In 1873, leaving his wife in the old country, he started for the I'nited Stales, and after landing at New York, ar- rived in Chicago, July 4, of that year. Going to Sterling, III., he worked stcailily at bis trade for throe years under one firm and one foreman. He had about *3.*, when he ciunmenced work, and at the end of the throe years had saved ^I.4.')0, 516 MONONA COUNTY. witli which he returned to his native land with the expectation of remaining there. Owing to the dif- ference in their waj' of conducting business and the small chance of making money, he brought bis family to America in the fall of 1877, and returning to Sterling re-entered the employ of the Keystone Manufacturing Company, with whom he remained until coming to Monona County as above stated. lie is the father of six children, born as follows: Sophia M., September 19, 1873; Hansen H., February 2;i. 1879; Dora K. M., June 10, 1880; Nora C, October 29, 1882; Susie A., April 22, 1885; and Almon C, born June 13, 1888, who died April 12. 1889. Of these, Sophia was born in Denmark ; Hansen in Illinois, and the balance in Monona County, Iowa. In his political views Mr. Jensen is independent of the tramn\els of part}' lines, although he rather inclines to the broad platform of the Democratic part}'. DWAED M. CASSADY. one of the leading spirits in the mercantile circles of the vil- lage of Whiting, has been identified witli the interests of Monona County since 18G8, arriv- ing in this vicinity in February, of that year. He at first rented a place, but in the early fall pur- chased a farm, then in its native wild state, and the same season broke some of it up. This was on section 25, township 85, range 46. He erected a house on the place during the next winter, into which he removed in the spring of 1869. There he remained, engaged in agricultural labors, until 187-1, meeting with abundant success. Although part of that time was marked by the terrible expe- rience of the grasshopper plague. In 1872, when the insects were about at tiioir worst, they seemed to have missed our subject's growing crops, and he obtained large prices for the abundant products of his field, corn bringing sixty five and seventy cents a bushel at his crib. In 1 871 he purchased two hundred and forty acres of land on sections 1 1 and 14, of the same township to which he removed, to which he later on added two hundred and forty acres more of land in section 7, township 85, range 45. All of this property he is still possessed of. He carried on his agricultural and bucolic pursuits until 1880, when he removed to the village of Wliiting, and entering into a co-partnership with Will C. Whiting, embarked extensively in the gen- eral merchandise trade. The firm still continues to carry on the business, and are noted as being among the most enterprising and public-spirited merchants of the thriving village. Mr. Cassadj' was iiorn at Painesville, Lake County, Ohio, not far from the beautiful shores of Lake Erie, on the 25th of September, 1848, and is the son of Micha.l and Julia (Fosmyer) Cassady. His father was a native of Ireland, and born in 1820. He came to the United Stales in 1836, and after remaining sometime in New York, located at Painesville, Ohio, where he was engaged in agri- cultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1863. The mother of our subject was tjorn in New York, in 1828, and was the daughter of Henr}' and Olive (Ellsworth) Fosmyer, also natives of New York. Her parents removed to Canada, and from there to Kirtland, Ohio, with the intention of uniting with the Mormons, but changed their minds and settled there, and there remained until their death. Mrs. Michael Cassad}-, the fourth in a family of seven children, came to Monona County in the fall of 1868, and lived with Edward M. until her death, May 16, 1885. She had eight children: James; William, deceased; Edward M., John H.; Julia, deceased; Eliza, Mrs. M. O. Utterback; Charles S. ; and Elizabeth, IMrs. W. A. Koon. Our subject was the third in the famil}', and re- mained at home assisting in carr3'ing on the home- stead until February, 25, 1864, when he enlisted at Cleveland, Ohio, in Company A,. Tenth L^nited States Infantry, in which he served three years. He joined his regiment at Ft. LaFajette, N. Y., where, while he was sick, the regiment left for the front and took part in the Wilderness campaign. Our subject joined his comrades, and with his regiment was engaged in the conllicts before Petersburg, June 18, 19, 21, 1864, and in those on the Weldon Railroad and at Poplar Church. From there tiiey went to New York to guard from any riots at the polls during liic Presidential election, and were afterward stationed at Buffalo. In Januarj', 1865, \i MONONA COUNTY. 517 C'assafly. who was one of the youiijjest soUliois to enlist, went home on a sii-k furlough, and rejoined his regiment six months later, and was stationed near Wasiiington. They were ortlered from there to Ft. Ripley. Minn., where, February 2;>, 1867, our subject was honorably disciiarged. From the latter Slate he returned to his home in Ohio, but October, following;, he came to Iowa as stated above and in February, following, from Fremont County to Monona County. Our subject was united in marriage. Septenibei' 7. I87S, with Miss Ida N. Whiting, who was born in .lohnson County, Iowa, ,Iuly 4, 1851, and the daughter of the Hon. Charles E. and Nancy (Criuer) Whiting, a sketch of whom appears in this volume. She came to this county with her parents, and re- ceived her preliminary education in the district schools. She commenced tejiching school in her sixteenth year, and taught for four terms, and in 1878 entered the Iowa State University, where she rcmaineil for four years. (Jur subject was one of the charter members and first otFiccrs of Uanscom Post, No. 97, G. A. R.; is H Hi'pulilican, and h.is held several local oflices. U.\NKLIN AUGUSTIS DAY. now a resi- dent of the village of Castana, and one of /li ~ the pioneers of this county, is a descendant of the Knglisli I'uritans. Ilis genealogical talile commences with Robert Day, who w.-is born in Kngbind in lG05,and came to America in the "Hope- well,'" Captain Burdock, from London in 1(524. Robert Day died in Ipswich, Mass. leaving a large family, llis son, Thomas Day, was born in Itii'.i, and died in 1718, having one son, Thomas, born about 1670 and died in 1750. The latter had a son. .leremiah, born in 171.'5. who died in 1788, and who was the father of .lohn Day, born March 4, 1751. The latter married his cousin. Miss .Sarah Day, and removed from Ispwich to Winthr'op, Me., in 1795, with a family of five sons and three ilaughlers. He died in Maine October 12, 1820, Francis, the second son of John Day, was born Fel(iii:irv 11, 1781. He married Miss Elizabeth Hewins, who was born June 28, 1787, and died October 10, 18G4, he died December 17 1856. in Hallowell, Me. having had only two children: Franklin Augustus, and Francis Jerome. He was a hatter by traile, carrying on that business until Franklin was about fifteen j'ears old, when he pur- chased land at Hallowell CroSs Roads and remained a farmer for life. For a short time during the war of 1812-15, he joined the United States Cavalry. During the latest years of his life "Uncle F'rank" as he was called, dwelt in the city of Hallowell. Franklin Augustus D.iy was born July 9, 1809, in Kennebec Count}', Me. At the district school, the academies of Monmouth and Hallowell and the Wesleyan Seminary at ReadQeld, he gained an ex- cellent practical education. He started out in life for himself at the age of eighteen by working on his uncle's farm for $8 per month and board. Investing his wages in a watch and clothing he taught a district school the following winter. He continued to teach for three winters and one summer, a part of the time at the large town school. In 1831 Mr. Day went into a general store in com- pany with Laban Lincoln, at Hallowell, remaining about five years. During the next two years he was a member of the firm of Day & Jackson. The following year was spent in North Carolina, where he le.-xrned to detest that "peculiar institu- tion" which John Wesley pronounced "the sum of .ill villainies." Returning to Hallowell he went into the mercantile business .tgain. Two j-ears later his brother, Francis J., became a member of the firm, assisting him to carry on the business about eight years. During all these ten ycsivs F. A. D.ay served as Collector and Treasurer of the old town of Hallowell, having been elected to that office in 1845. After living one year at Middle- Heltl, Conn., and one year at Perth Amboy, N. J., he moved with all his family to Monona County, in 1855. F. A. Da}' married Miss Harriet Proeli.r >iiiiirp, who was born in Somerset County, .Me., March 'M, 1809, and who died in Monona Couirty. .Fnnuary 28, 1876, having been the mother of four cliildren, of which the following is a record: Franklin Au- gustus Lincoln was born July 1, 1832; Joseph Howies Proctor. Miiy 31, 1831; Francis Jerome 518 MONONA COUNTY. Preston, June 28. 183G; and Harriet Elizabeth Consiielo, July !). 1841. These four children all became school teacliers, are all married, all are now living in Monona County, and there are twelve grandchildien and five great-grandchildren. Shortly after coming to this count}' our subject lost the greater part of his property by going surety for a friend. He fitted out at St. Charles, 111., and came through with six oxen and a span of horses, camping on the Little Sioux River, in De- cember of the coldest winter ever known in Iowa. He bravely and energetically bore the hardships and privations of pioneer life. He was elected a member of the County Pioard of Supervisors for a number of j'ears, and by his honest labors earned the gratitude of the people, and served as Postmas- ter at Areola, and also at his store in old Castana. His occupations were various until 1878. when he became a member of the widely known mercan- tile firm of F. A. Day & Co. Five years later he sold out to Wm. T. Day & Co., and since then has been le.iding a retired life, aiming only to set- tle up his i)ast business affairs. Although our subject is the son of a Baptist deacon, he has never been a member of any church, or indeed of any society, secret or otherwise. Re- J ligously he is, and has been, a |)ersistent Free- Thinker. While of a domestic nature and habit, fond of games and amusements, he has opposed the use of intoxicating liquors and tobacco, and has never failed to bear testimonj^ against saloons and all betting and gambling. Mr. Day was a member of the old Whig party. His last vote as such was cast for Gen. W. H. Har- rison, in 1810. From that time until 1856 he was a Garrisonian Abolitionist, and did no voting. There were twelve votes thrown in Kennebec Township (m that year by himself and others, all of them for John C. Fremont. Since that eventful date he has been a warm and devolc-d Republican, taking a deej) interest in the public affairs of both Nation, State and county. Mr. Day has travelled the rough and thorny road of a wide experience, csiiecially since com- ing to Monona County ; his |)resent position and success in life liave been achieved by persistent hard knocks. Despite the fact that he has been a vehement advocate, a rough-and-readj- controver- sialist, his opponents have not failed to give him credit for honesty, ability and sincerity. Kenne- bec Township, or in fact Monona Count}', contains but few citizens who are more widely known or more respected and esteemed than the gentleman of whom this aiinal is written. ^S-^H*^ ?ci HARLES I. WHITING, Cashier of tlie .Ma- plcton Bank, and one of the leading citizens of that inosperous village, was born at Hunts- ville, Ala., December G, 18;)5, and is a son of New- ell A. and Eliza Whiting, a sketch of whom is given elsewhere in the pages of this Aluu.m. He came to Monona County with his parents in the spring of 1858, and grew to manhood in the then little village of Onawa, receiving his education in its graded schools. He also was in attendance at Bayliss's Business College at Dubuque and Des Moines, and assisted his father in the hitler's store at Onawa until the fall of 1877, when he removed to Maijletoii, and in company with his uncle, Bax- ter Whiting, engaged in the hardware business un- der the firm name and style of Whiting & Co. This was one of tlic pioneer mercantile establish- ments of the place, and was operated by them until March, 1881, when they disposed of it to James Garrison, by whom it is still carried on. Tiie Jla- pleton Bank, which was organized September 1, 1878, by Baxter AVhiling. W. H. Bliss and Charles I. Whiting, demanding his entire attention, our subject, in March, 1881, assumed the position of Cashier, which he has held ever since. The bank had originated in their hardware establishment, oc- cupying one corner of their store roon), but on their selling out to Mr. Garrison it was removed to its present handsome quarters. A close atten- tion to the business needs of the community, and a courteous and affable manner toward all with whom he comes in contact, have won Mr. Whiting a warm i)lace in the hearts of almost the entire com- munity, and he is one of the most poi)ular business men of that section of the county. \ol withstand - iuG: his business cares, which have ever ijiven him MONONA COUNTY. 521 ample omploynicut, lie still takes time for reading, thoii. ami located nt <;rnnt Center, Grant Township, was killed by the tailing 52-2 MONONA COUNTY. of a tree, vvlicn chopping iti the woods, near Smith- land, Woodbury Couiitj-, January 21. 18G8. His moliier died here .Inly 12, 1883. Mr. and Mrs. I'lasl have had a family of six chil- dren, of whicli llie following is a record: Arthur H., who was born June 17, 1868, died Novem- ber 23. 1883; Addie L. was born March 1, 1870; Charles A., born March 13, 1872; Zimrie W.. born February 17, 1875; Merlin A., born January 9, 1877, died February 17 of the same year, and Cora J., born March 25. 1881. — *>- -^^ 0— ORNELIUS VAN DORN. a pioneer of Mo- nona County, and the second settler in the __ ' township of Grant, was boi-n in New Jersey, June 2, 1793. In his youth he received a common- school education and grew to manhood in the place of his nativity. Earl^y in life he removed with ids parents to Saratoga, N. Y.. where, for some time they were engaged in carrying on a hotel. From that celebrated spot, with the familj-, our subject removed to Ohio, when about twenty 3'ears of age and settled in Richland County. On his marriage, in 1822, Samuel "Wilkinson, his father-in-law, gave the bride, as a wedding present, a forty-acre tract of land and he purchased i like amount. This, as was common in that day in the Buckeye State, was heavily timbered, and young VanDorn set to work to clear it up preparatory to tilling the soil. On this tract of land he made his home until 1854. In October of that year he came to Iowa. Locating in Fayette County, he rented a farm about a mile southeast of West Union, where he resided all winter. From there he rode on horse- back the following May to Monona County, on a tour of investigation and back in June, to rejoin his family. In July, having determined to locale here, he loaded a portion of his household goods and with his wife and two of his children started for his newly selected home. Three of the family remained in Fayette County to* take care of the crops, and there were rejoined by the father some two months later who returned to close up his busi- ness there. After selling off the results of his labors there he started for Monona Count}- with the balance of his famil\- and arrived at his home here October 28. 1855. Mr. Van Dorn, as shown in the historical portion of this work, purchased -the old Selh Smith farm on section 3, Grant Township, the site of the Hrst settlement in the township, so that both lirst and second settlors were located upon the same tract. This he improved and upon it made his home until taken from this world liy death, October 13, 1876. Cornelius Van Dorn was married in Washington Township, Richland County, Ohio, June 12, 1822. to Miss Mar}- Wilkinson, a native of Lexington. Ky., and daughter of Samuel Wilkinson, who died September 23, 1879, having been the mother of thirteen children: Lavinia, born April 25, 1823, the wife of Samuel Bixler, residing in Ohio; Jane C. born October 15, 1824, died in California July 6. 1886; Emily A., Mrs. William Bowers, born Novem- ber 17, 1820, living at Decatur, 111.; Virgil, born in Richland County, Ohio, July 4, 1828; Washington, born March 6, 1830; Hannah, Mrs. G. Long, born January 30, 1832, residing in California; Martha S., Mrs. William Burtun, born September 27, 1834, re- siding in C)nawa; Amanda L.. Mrs. J. Sharon, of Ore- gon, born Ma}- 27,1836 ; and Elizabeth, in Julyl839; Livingston, March 15,1841; Burgess, August 15, 1812, living at Spokane Falls, Wash. ; James, born October 17, 1844, engaged in the real-estate business in the same city; and Mary, born July 24, 1846, died June 18, 1861, the first death in Grant Town- ship. WILL ''z^^' ILLIAM L. COONES, one of the old jttlers of IVIonona County, now residing Lake Township, on section 17, came here ill October, 1856, and settled on land now owned by Tobias Fegenbush. At that early day tliere were only three families beside himself in what is now Lake Township, those of Edward Clark, James Stillwell, and Frank Brooks. He re- mained here until the 19th of May, 1857, and then returned to Warren County, III., where he made his home until August, 1871. At the latter date he starteil with a team for Council Bluffs, and in MONONA COUNTY, fifi that city spent tlie following winter. In Marcli. 1872 lie !ii;aiM came- to Monona County, seltiinjj on a rontcil farm on section 17. One year later lie removed to section 21. but in the sprinf,' of 1874 returned to the former place, lie was engaged in tilling the soil of this farm until March. 1881. when, having purchased the place where he now lives, he removed on it. Mr. Cooncs was born in Louisville, Ky., August 22, 1833, and is the son of .John and Rebecca C'oor.cs. While an infant in arms he was taken b^' his parents to Clark County, Ind., where he was rearetl to manhood. Reared upon a farm, he drew his education from the district schools 8, married Mis.s Ma McC'urily, a native of Indiana; Clara, wlio was liorn in 18('.2. married Edward Seaton. Mr. (iihiiore is a member of Forest Lodge No. •-'6;). A. I", it A. M.. located at Uiitler, Ind. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Turin. nUt^M II.O J. HENDER.SON, the popular land- lord of the St. Paul Hotel, at Kodney. and proprietor of the livery, feed and sale stable at the same place, cimc to Monona County in 18G8, with his parents. John C. Hen- derson, his father, was a native of Susquehanna County. Pa., where he grew to manhood and re- ceived a fair education. At the age of thirty j'ears he came to Iowa, and in Scott County took up a tract of land and commenced its tillage. From there he removed to the neighborhood of Muscatine, where he followed the same vocation for seven or eight years, moving thence to Atchi- son County, Mo., and in 18G8 came to Monona County and took up eighty acres as a homestead on section ."J2, Grant Township, and is still a resi- dent of the county. He was married about 18.')0 to Miss Eliza Boice, a native of I'lster County. N. Y., who was born February 13, 1827. They had a family of seven children — Ida, deceased; Milo .1. liurtoD, living in this county; Henrietta, deceased; Jennie. Mrs. Uavid Carter, of Glen- wood, Iowa; Letlie. at home; and Chapman. Milo .1. Henderson was born in .Scott County. Iowa. November 12, 18.')4, and removed with his parents to the various localities in which they set- tled, and was about twelve j'ears of age when the f-imily came to Monona Count}-. Uecciving the most of his education in the schools of this county, he here grew to manhood, and at the age of nine- teen years started out in life for himself, renting a tract of land in Grant Township, which he tilled for some eight years. Removing to Wundbury County he purchased a farm of one hunilred and twenty acres, where he carried on his agricultural labors until October, 1888, when he sold out and removed to Rodney, purchasing the St. Paul Hotel. About n month previous to this he had opened a general store at Ticonic, but only remained there some thirty days. He had purchased ilic livery barn previous to coming here. Mr. Henderson wa.i married, December .'51. 1877, in Grant Township, to Miss Cora E. Morris, who was born in Potter County, Pa., November 21, 1859, and is tiie daugiiter of Mark and Freelovc Morris. Of this union there have been four chil- dren — luhia Blanche, who was born October 27, 187'.>.and died October SI, 1882; Ellie J., who was born in Woodbury County August 19, 1883; Guy Hall, who was born in Woodbur}- County, March 12, 188.5; and I'.oll .1.. who was born August 31, 1886. OlIAN DONNER i» a prominent representa- tive of the German race, who have trans- planted to the fertile lands of the Northwest the habits of economy and thrift char.icter- islic of that people, and have, by the exercise of those virtues, risen from comparative poverty to a state of case and comfort. He is a resident of the town of Franklin, living on section 15, where he settled in 18C(;. Johan Donner was born in Prussia, October 12, 1828, and there receiveil in youth the rudiments of a good common-school education. Attaining man- hood's years, he sought to earn his living at any work that he could find to do, and was there mar- ried .lanuarj'. 21. 1855. to Mi.ss Sophia Miller, a native of the same kingdom, who was born Novem- ber 9, 1829. Perceivii(g the impossibility of bet- tering bis condition in the overcrowded lalwjr markets of the Old World, he decided to seek a new home in the Great Republic of the West, ani '^ 526 MONONA COUNTY. accordingly, in October, 186.3, he started for New York. After eleven days spent on the voj-age he l.inded on America's shore, and immediately pro- ceeded to Biiena Vista, Fayette County, Ohio, where he found employment in a stone quarry. There he remained until the fall of 1866, at which time he came to Monona County, arriving at Onawa on the 22d of October. He purchased forty acres of land on section 15, Franklin Township, for which he paid $280, which land was entirel}' un- improved. His means being- limited, he erected a primitive log cabin, 16x21 feet in size, in which he and his family made their home until 1882. By this lime, having acipiired more means, he built the neat frame residence, 18x28 feet in size, and a story and a iialf in height, in which he now lives. Since then he has added fort}' acres to his farm, and has brought the most of it, by energetic and intelligent labor, to a high state of cultivation. Mrs. Donner departed from this life November 17, 1871), dying of a cancer. .She was the mother of five children: MoUie, born September 18, 1856; Minnie, December 6, 18.58; Augusta December 5, 186('; Louisa, October 1, 1869, and Frederick- whose birth took place June 15, 187.3. Mr. Donner and his family are members of the Lutheran Church, at Onnwa, of which denomination he is an active .Tud zealous member. He was prominently identified with ihe organization of the society, was one of its original members, and was one of the leading promoters in the building of the church edifice. ^^-# -J— T SAAC U. RIDDLE, the popular Supervisor and I old pioneer of Soldier Township, came to Mo- (il nona Count}- in the spring of 1865, in companv with his brother, Moses, walking most of the waj- from their home in Story County, arriving at the house of Mr. Agens, April 6. After looking the country over Mr. Riddle purchased, on the 16tli of April, the southwest quarter of section 4, Soldier Township, where he now, resides. He broke up about ten acres of sod Ih.it season and made his Lome with his brother, in a little cabin on the lat- tcr's [ilace. but boarded most of the lime -with Mr. Agens. In the fall his sister came out to keep house for her brother wliich she did for about nine months, when she was married and then his father and mother came out and took up their residence with him, remaining until the^fall of 1866, when the father purchased a farm and moved to Craw- ford County. In the fall of 1868, up to which time he lived with his brother Moses, he removed to his own place and made his home in a "dug-oat" cabin an its |)i-esenl population ami prosperous condition. 'I'wenly-foiir years have made a vast difference in the county. Mr. Riddle w.is married May ■5. lf<'JS, to Miss Mary Koontz. a native of Bedford County, Pa., who wiis born .luly I, 1835, and is the daughter of .lohn .S. and Klizabcth (Winegardoer) Koontz. Of this union there have been born four children — .Tohn J., Matthew B.. Clark C. and Frank V. Mr. Riddle w.ns elected a member of the Board of Su- pervisors in November, 188;5, and has serv«d in that ra|)aeity ever since, being re-elected to the position three times, the last being the hard cam- paign of November, 1889. ^IlUilL \AN DOUX, the son of Cornelius y/ and Mary (Wilkinson) Van Dorii. a sketch J^ of whom is given elsewhere, was born in Richland County, Ohio, .lul}' 4, 1828, and received in his youth a practical, common-school education. lie j^rew to manhood in the Buckej-e State. After att.-iininu his majority in April, 18.50, he went to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama and locating in Nevada Count}', that .State, engaged in mining for about ten years. lie removed, at the expiration of that time, to Butte County, where he embarked in the cattle business upon a ranch and m.ide his home there until the fall of 1887, when he came In Monona County and purchased laml. Ill- now makes his home with his l)rother Living- ston, a pron)inent and influential farmer living on section 3, in (Jraut I'uwnship. % lill.l.lA.M K. UOBKIMS, the station .igent of the Chicago A; Northwestern Railroad Company at Turin, and the Postmaster of th;il village, was born in Leicestershire. Kngland, March 15, 1810. His father. .lohn C. Rul)erts. a native of the same county, born October 7. 1811, «a« a teacher .is well as a farmer, and w.os a re- m markabl}' vrel I -educated gentleman, reading and s|)eaking several languages. About 1833 he mar- ried Miss Lydia Kaidkner. a native of the same section, born December 18, 1812. In 1845 the family removed to the United Stales, and after a few years spent in <,iuebec. Canada, .settled at Ken- osha. Wis., where the father has been engaged ever since, in teaching. There was a family of seven children: Robert F., Lydia F., .lohn II.. AVilliam F.; Ksther II., deceased; Richard A. R., who died in the army; and George F. William F., the fourth child, crossed the o<'ean with his parents in childhood, bound for America, and landed at Quebec, from which, after several 3-cars' residence in Canada, he landed at Kenosha, Wis., Ma}' 11, 1850. In the latter city be grew to manhood, and being carefully eilucatcd by his father, h.is become an excellent scholar. At the age of eighteen years, he commenced teaching, and was thus employed, when on the 19th of April. 18G1, he enlisted in Company (1, First \A'iscousin Infantry, known as the Park City Gr.ays, and was in the engagemen at Falling Water, Va. The regiment iiaving been enlisted under the three months' call, in August of the same year he was mustered out at Milwaukee, and returned home. One year later, .Vugust 23. 18G2, he re-enlisted, this time in Company I, Thirty-third Wisconsin Infan- try, in which ho w.is commissioned as First Lieu- tenant. Throughout the campaigns in Tennessee and Kentucky, including the famous siege and cap- ture of Vicksburg. and the subsequent movements around Chattanooga, and on the road to Atlanta, he bore a g.allant part, but being disabled by sick- ness, .\pril 1«GJ, at Natchez, Miss., he resigned his commission and returned to his home in Wisconsin, and engaged in farming for about a year and a half. For the two succeeding years he was the sta- tion agent of the Chic.igo it Northwestern Railroad at Woo«<£-<• ^p^EORGE J. MYERS, a business-like and en- l|| (=, terprising farmer of the town of Lake, re- ^^^^ siding on section 29, was liorn in Hawkins County, Tcnn., July 8, 1825, and is the son of Jacob K. and Martha Myers, the former a native of Wrythc County, Va., born October 9, 1799, and the latter of Hawkins County. Tenn. When (!eorge was about two years of age his parents removed to Moiu'oe County, Ind., where our subject worked at home upon the farm, and attended the district school. In 1845 they all removed to Marshall County. III., where September 1. 1853, George J. was united in marriage with Miss .Sarah Hendrick, and on the 23d of the same month removed to Clarke County, Iowa, where he entered some two hundred acres of government land, and built him a house. He opened )ip a farm, aMd tilled the land until the spring of 1859. when e traded a part of it for a farm in Adams Counlj . wliere he lived eight years. He then retui'ned to Clarke County, where he made his home unl'l the spring of 1874, at which time he came to ^lononn County, and rented a farm. He soon purchased one hundred and twenty acres of wild land, on which he erected a house, and improved about sixty acres of it, which he afterwards traded for bis present homestead of eighty acres. February 18, 1867, Mrs. Myers tie- 530 MONONA COUNTY. ijiu SrtY^^ y;lNSLO'\V A. GKEKNE, the <>ell-known editor of the Onawa Sentinel, and one of ^^ the lef.ding journalists of the count}-, came to Onawa in Maj-, 1 8G8, and, in co-partnership with C. H. Aldrieli, of whom lie purchased a half interest, carried on the paper known as the Monona Coiinly Oazfttc. for about two years. Purchasing his part- ner's interest, he occupied the editorial tripod alone for about a year, and then disposed of the business as shown elsewhere. While engaged in the restau- rant business, he started the People's Press, a his- tory of which is given in the annals of Onawa and Mapleton, and remained in connection with that journal until the fall of 1873. From that date until 1881, he gave his entire attention to operating the restaurant, but in the latter year was engaged as local editor of the Gazette, which position he (i lied for about two j'ears. In 1883, he removed to AVhiting and established the Sentinel at that place, which he sold two years later to W. H. Won- der. Returning to Onawa, he instituted the Onawa Sentinel, whicli he ran alone until January 1, 1887, when John II. Jones was admitted to a partnership, and the firm thus formed have carried on the paper ever since. A history of this journal is given else- where in the pages of this Album. Mr. Greene was born in Geauga County, Ohio, July 3, 1833, and is the son of Ampliasand Lovina (Fox) Greene. His father was born in New York in 1802, and his mother in New Hampshire, Febru- partcd this life, leaving a family of six children and her husband to mourn their loss. She was born June 6, 1832. The following is a record of hei children: Marion B. was born October 26, 1854; Mary F. September 22, 1856; Martha I. January 30, 1859; Jacob Ellsworth October 13, 1861 ; Katie J., March 11, 1864, and James S., born November 29, 1866. Jlay 27, 1868, George J. Myers married Miss Annie Mcintosh, a native of Ohio, who was born March 19, 1838, and who is the mother of one cliild: Florinda B., l)orn May 14, 1869. ary 22, 1804, and both removed with their parents to the AVestern Reserve, Oiiio, among its earliest pioneers. In that locality they resided until over- taken by death, the father in 1872 and the mother in 1874. The subject of this epitome, the eldest son and fourth child in a family of ten, was reared upon the farm, assisting his father in his agricultural labors and attending the subscription schools of that day until some fourteen 'years of age. His father being in somewhat limited circumstances, Winslow was thrown upon his own resources at an early age, and taught school with which to obtain the means to attend the college at Oberlin. While in the latter institution, which he soon entered, he worked at whatever he could get to do around the city, at eight cents per hour, and thus managed to carry himself through several terms. On complet- ing his studies, he adopted teaching as a profession and followed it for upwards of fifty terms, both in Southern Ohio and at Council lUuffs, being the principal of the High School at the latter place one year. He commenced teaching in the latter city on coming to Iowa, in 1864, in an old frame build- ing on Stutsman Street near the present Methodist Church edifice. He was the first principal in Ihe first brick schoolhouse built in Council Bluffs, and upon the completion of the first High School build- ing, near the Presbyterian Church, was transferred to the High School, of which he was principal about one year. It was in that city that he began his newspaper career, as local editor of the Xonpa- reil. It was by accident that he became a newspaper man. On account of dissipation, his predecessor was discharged, and at the earnest solicitation of Col. J. AV. Chapman, who was then the editor of the Nonpareil, Mr. Greene very reluctantly con- sented to act as local editor a week or two, until some other person could be found. But the work proved to be pleasant to him, and satisfactory to the proprietors of the paper, and he remained with that journal several months until being called to Sioux City on business for the paper, he stopped over in Onawa a day, to visit his fricnrl Dr. A. S. Billings, and, at the solicitation of friends, who knew something of his newspaper record on the Nonpareil, he concluded to buy a half interest in MONONA C'OINTY. 531 I lie Monona County Gazetffi. ns slated above. Wliilo lie is very inucli interested in tlic newspaper work, he looks buck upon iiis school work as really the most satisfactory work of his life. Mr. (ireene was united in marriage, December •-'I, 1H('.8. with Miss Julia A. .Sanford. This lady was born in Haverhill, N. II., August 13, IS^".). They are the parents of five children: Nellie, born Feliruar3- 17, 1870, died August 2G, 1870; Kva L., was born June 15, 1871; Florence, born September 30, 1873, died March i'.K 1874; Mabel, w.Ts born October 3. 1875; Charles. August I'll, 1877; and Anna, born April 11, 1880, died .Imic 1 I. 1880. kYClRGU-S GODSEY, one of the extensive ) stock-raisers of the town of Lake, residing J on section 2. township 8."), range 46, is one if the influential men of this section of the county. Voiiiig, active and energetic, and full of read}- 'business tact, he seizes the opportunity of the mo- nn'iit and turns it to his own prolit and emolument. Mr. Godsey was born in Putnam County, Mo., ri-l)ruary 23, 1854, and is the son of A. I. and Marg:iret E. Godsey. At the .age of eleven years he removed with his i)arents to Mills County, this State, and grew to manhood, surrounded by home influences upon the parental farm. He received his education in the district schools and remained at home until his marriage, which took place on the 3(ith of December, 1878. Upon that day he was united to Miss Aila Roe, the dauglit<>r of Da- rid and Catherine Roc, a native of Fremont County, Iowa. He rented a farm in Mills County, where he ami his young wife settled down to housekeeping, and there made their home until the fall of 1880. Determined to find a larger field for his efforts and extend the scope of his l)usiness, he came to Monona County with the first friislsof that year and settled on the Baxter Whiting land on section 2, where he now lives. He is extensively engaged in the raising of stock, giving the most of his attention to Hereford cattle and the various grades of the same. Since coming here he has met with great success, and is ranked with the soliriiig of 1862. he wenttoCali- fornia, and was there eng.iged in teaming until June 1865, when he returned to Wisconsin, and for the next two years was variously employed. Hav- ing no means but a pair of strong arms and a will- ing spirit, he came to Mtmona County, to found his fortune, and his success luis kept pace with his hopes. In a few short ywirs he has built up a pleasant home, and has surrounded himself with all the comfort.s of life, the result entirely of his own efforts. Mr. Rawlings was united in marriage, February 532 MONONA COUNTY. 21, 1809, with Miss Erama Carrilt, a daiigliler of TiioiiKis R. and Maiy Carritt, a biography of whom a|)i)ears elsewhere in this volume. By this nnion liiere has been born to them the following five chil- dren: .Tohn, November 25, 1870; Thomas A., Jlay 8, 1874; Minnie A., May 9, 1879; Judson Jay, .luly 1, 1884; aud Susan Belle, September 29, 1887. 1 ^OIIN BAG BY. Among tlie general farmers anil stuck-raisers of Sherman Township, the gentleman whose name heads tliis sivetch, (^^' occupies a prominent and influential position, llis fine property ,whlch consists of some four hun- dred acres of most excellent land on section 24, is w^ell and liandsomely improved, and a large portion is brought under cultivation, and, together .with his extensive stock interests, places him amohg the wealthy and well-to-do people of the county. Mr. Bagby, the seventh child in a family of twelve born to his parents, first saw the light near Wheeling, W. Va., October 6, 1834. He is the son of Elijah and Rebecca (Sales) Bagby, both of whom were born in West Virginia, the former in 1796, and the latter in 1800. They were married amid the mountains and valleys of that wild, yet beauti- ful section of our union, in 1820, but when our subject was still a small child, removed to Ft. AVayne, Ind. In the neighborhood of that busy city, the latter was reared and made his home with his parents, until some sixteen years of age, when, with the adventurous spirit, characteristic of the American people, lie pushed out in the world to battle for himself. The great West coming into prominence just about that time, attracted his at- tention and became hither, locating at Plattsmouth, t'.'iss County, Neb., where, for three years, he was engaged in running the ferry across the turbid Mis- souri. In 185;5 he removed to Harrison County, Iowa, and built him a cabin near the Monona County line, and during the winter carried on hunt- ing and trapping, attending to iiis farm duties dur- ing the summer months. He is credited with having built the first biidge across the Little Sioux River, and was prominently identified with the upbuilding of Harrison County. In 1869, he abandoned the wilder sports on .account of the growing scarcity of game, since which date he has given his entire attention to agriculture. Fi- n.ally he came to Monona County and settled upon the extensive farm upon which he now resides. Mr. Bagb3- w.as united in marriage in Ajuil, 1856, with ]\Iiss Lucia Bengin, a native of Illinois, and b\' this union has lieen the parent of nine children, only three of whom survived infanc3' — William, Elvira and Calvin. William married Miss Belle Hoag, in 1887; and Elvira became the wife of C. McCue, January 1, 1889. -e^ ellRISTIAN L. CHRISTIANSON came to Monona Count}' in the spring of 1879, and settled in Soldier 'I'ownshii) on section 31, where he still resides, carrying on general farming and stock-raising. On coming here he purch.ased some unimproved land and built the house he now occui)ies, which is 20x32 feet in size and a storj' and a half high, that summer, and broke about twenty acres of land, and fenced the eighty acres. Mr. Christianson first opened his e^-es July 10, 1841, at the home of his parents. Christian and Sigri (Thompson) Christianson, in a beautiful valley of Norwaj'. He was reared to manhood in his native land, and there received a fair education. May 12, 1 805, he sailed for America in searcli of the favors of fortune. Landing upon the soil of the great Republic, he came to Chicago, 111., arriving there July 10. and made his home in that metropolis of the Northwest, where he found employment working at the carpenter's trade. There he re- mained until the spring of 1879, when he came to Monono County as above stated. He has been quite successful since coming to this country, and has raised himself from comparative poverty, to a position among the well-to-do farmers of the county. His farm, although small in dimensions compared with some others, is highly cultivated and well improved, and is most beautifully situ- ated. Mr. Christianson in due time was united in mar- MONONA cor NT Y. f.ar? rinjje in the Kingdom of Norwaj', witb Miss Ili'li'iia il.insen, a native of that country, antl the tl:iui;htfr of I Inns and Catherine n;insen. Hy this union tlioy have hiul a family of seven children, horn upon the following dates: Lena Ainalie. July •22. IXCO: Ludwig ^V., Fehruary 11. 18G4 ; Cellia C. .?une 1 'J. ISGT; Christian.. September 18,1 869; George II. .September 19, 1871 ; Albert, born June 5, 1874, died in infanev: ;ind Albert, born .January 22, 1 878. - :r-¥^-v - I y^ IIALMKRS A. MII.LKR, one of the intolli- [11 ^L gent and well educated citizeus'of Center ^^fj Township, who is extensively engaged in :iLrrieultural pursuits, came to Monona County in (lololier 18('i',i. from Story County, Iowa, and at lirst located on section 1 7. having purchased one hundred and twenty acres. I'pon this he remained until 1873, when he removed to his present home on section 3, where he has a most excellent farm, embracing three hundred and twenty acres, one hundred and twenty-live of which are devoted to cultivation, the balance being in i>;tsture a-id mead- ow, except about nine acres, which are covere1. and died in Monona Cuunty. October 2H, 1H87, at tlie residence of lier sou .lnhii, in the Soldier Valley. Chalmers was one of a family of nine chil- dren born to his parents, the others being Kph- raim. Albeit, Solomon, .loscpli. HIiza, Hannah, .lolin .1., and Kuth M. He came in childhood to Iowa Willi his parents, and the year succeeding his father's death, with his mother he settled in Story County: this was the spring of 185.'>. There he remniiui! until M.ay 1 'n istl.'!. when he enlisted in Company G, Seventh b.u.i c.-nany. and served three years upon the Western plains. The regiment fought in several battles ane of har20. Eliza (Vibberl) Lyman, the mother of the subject of our sketch, was b oi ciis eiiiic:u ic pii 111 llie common sciiools of the neighborhood, and for one or two terms alti'iided the academy at Manchester. At the age of seventeen years he experienced religion and began the preparation for the ministry. Entering Monson Academy, he there remained two years, and in the fall of 1851 matriculated at Yale Col- lege. After remaining at the latter two years, he spent twelve months in leaching, and then, return- ing to the college, was graduated by that institu- tion in ,Iuly, 1859, in a chuss of one hundred and twelve. He engaged in teaching, and soon entered the Yale Theological Seminary at New Haven which he left in February. 18G2, and took up his work in the ministiy as pastor of the Congrega- tional church at Canton Centre, Conn., having been ordained and installed in October of that ^-ear. In the summer of 1864, resigning his p.istor.-ite, Mr. Lyraan enlisted as a private in the Thirleenlh Connecticut Infaiitrj', but his congregation would not accept of his resignation, preferring to grant him leave of absence instead. Shortly afterward he was ai)poinled Chaplain of the Twentietli Con- necticut Infantry, which was a part of the Twen- tieth Corps, and was ordered to join the regiment at Atlanta, and was present with them in tliiir ex- pedition through Georgia and the Carolinas, and at Raleigh when Johnson surrendered. After par- ticii)ating in the (iraiid Review at Washington, he returned to his native State and resumed his pas- toral duties, and there he remained until October, 1868, when he came to Iowa and took charge of the Congregational Church at Dunlap. January 1. 1871, Rev. Mr. Lyuian came to on- awa, since which date he has been connected with this church and has grown necessary to the people of the community. He h.as also served most ac- ceptably three terms as County Superintendent of schools in this county, and has been the Chaplain of Hanscom I'ost, No. 97, (1. A. R., since its organiza- tion, .and w.is one of the charier members of that society. Mr. Lvman was iiiiin>u m iiruijaLje (tclober K>, 1863, at New Haven, Conn., with Mi«s Eveline I'l)- son. a native of Berlin, Harlfonl County, Conn., wlio is the mother of four cliihlrcn: Charles Rus- sell, who was born atCaiiloii Centre. Conn.. ,Ianu- 53C MONONA COUNTY. :iry 19, 1807, died November 24, 1881; The- roii I'lison, born at Dunlap, Iowa, September 7, 1870; Wintlirop Brewster, born at Onawa, Iowa, J11I3' 14, 1872, and Geor_2;c IleniT, born in the lat- ter cit3% March 0. 1870. ^.^^^g^^JjjUgc : ■> ^1 OSEPH J. REYNOLDS, an industrious and energetic farmer and stock-raiser of Sherman Township, h.aving his residence upon section I 4, dates his citizenship of Monona County from the 22d of Jul3-, 1871. He is a native of Dover, Ohio, and was born April 29, 1842. Levi Reynolds, the father of our subject, was born in North Carolina in 1796, and removed to Ohio early in life. His later years were passed in Winona, Minn., where he died November 22, 1869. Josepli's mother, Martha (James) Reynolds, was born in Ohio, February 12, 1813, and was married in the same State, December 12, 1839. She died in the IUicl had its inlluence upon those left behind, and win prove "footprints on the sands of time" to 540 MONONA COUNTY. lead his deseenrlaiits for many generations in the patiis of moral rectituile. Bernard D. Ilolbrooi<, of whom this narrative is written, was born in Somerset County, Pa., ^lay 22, 1.S34, and is the tliird son of Henry L. and Jlarj' (Connelly) Ilolbrook. above mentioned, and was reared to manhood in that i^ortion of the Keystone State. He received his clen)entar\' edu- cation in the common schools of his native county, finishing with a year at Jefferson College, Canons- burg, Washington County. Pa. Then a fe>v years were passed in working on the home farm in sum- mer and teaching country schools in winter until March, 1855. when he came to Iowa County. Iowa, where he engaged in surveying and in the studj' of law. Jn November, 185(5, he returned to the place of bis birtii. where he remained through the following winter, pursuing his legal studies. In the spring of I«57 he came tolMonona Count}-. He had been here in the summer of 1855. in company with C. E. Whiting and others from Iowa County, and had invested his earnings in Jlouona County lands. On his arrival, in 1857, he and his brother. C. H., became interested iu the Monona LandCom- panj' and surveyed and platted the town of On- awa. During that summer he was engaged in surveying in the neighboring Territory of Ne- braska, and spent the following winter at Omaha. In the spring of 1858 he returned to Onawa and at the spring term of the District Court was admit- ted to the bar. Judge M. F. Moore being on the bench. He carried on the practice of law, at the same time being engaged in the real estate business in connection with his brother, Charles H. His law business he transferred to Monk & Sellick in 1867, up to which time he had prosecuted it continu- ously. In 1865 the firm of Holbrook & Bro. had commenced the general banking business in con- nection with their real estate dealings, and to this Mr. Holbrook devoted his entire attention after giving up his law practice. He has been promi nently identified with public affairs, having served as a member of the board of county supervisors, Mayor of Onawa, and many years as one of the board of education of the latter city. Bernard D. Holbrook was united in marriage. May i:i. 18C2. with Miss Mary V. Oliver, a. daugh- ter of Henrj' W. Oliver. She was born in Ire- land. July 14. 1838, and came to America with her parents when she was but four years of age. Iler father settled in Pittsburg, Pa., where he died No- vember 25, 1888, at the age of eighty-two years. Her mother is still living iu Pittsburg. By their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Holbrook .are the parents of nine children, of whom the following is the record: Olive E., born June 21, 1863, died Feb- ruary 8, 1864; Parker K., born September 23, 1864; Margery O.. born June 14, 1866. died Janu- ary 31, 1874; George O., born December 27, 1867; David ()., May 29, 1872; Evans, January 15, 1875; Norah. Decembei 21. 1876; Edith. March 27. 1880; and Frank L. born August 26, 1882. died April 18, 1883. Mr. Holbrook is a member of Vesper Lodge, No. 223, A. F. & A. M., and has been for several years Master of the lodge. A member of the Onawa Improvement Com- pany, Mr. Holbrook gives a large share of his at- tention to the upbuilding of his home city and county, and has the interests of the community at heart. In politics Mr. Holbrook is a stanch Demo- trat, and was a member of the National Peace Convention in Philadeljihia, in 1866, and the Na- tional Democratic Convention of 1868. y^lLLIAM H. STANLEY, a self-reliant, en- ergetic and enterprising farmer living on "^f^ section 9, in the town of Fairview, is a na- tive of Winchester. Randolph County, Ind. He is the only son of Jonathan and Sarah (Cox) Slanlej-. and was born January' 16, 1839. He had one sister, Mary. Both his parents were natives of North Carolina who had removed to Indiana at an early d.ay. in which State in the fall of 1862, tlie father died at Warwick, in the Government hospital, he being at the time a member of the Seventeen tli Wisconsin Infantry. The mother died in 1880. William II. Stanley obtained an excellent educa- tion in the district schools in his youth, and iu oarlv manhood assisted his father in carrying on the farm. June 14. 1857, he was united in marriage I J MONONA COUNTY. 541 Willi Miss Matilda E. Davis, a native of Maryland, and daiitrlitcr of .Iiinios and Elizabelli Davis, and in tlio fullowinjj fall lomovcd to Sauk County. Wis., w liore he estaltlishcd a Iioimc of his own and com- mcMieed life on his own account. He purchascil forty acres of land and s\iccccdc(l fairly as a farmer, licing a man of fair abilities and rigid integrity of character, he filled minor ollices of trust in that lo- cality, among them that of clerk of the school hoard, constable, etc. In the fall of 1865, he dis- posed of his propert\', and removing to Monona County, located upon some railroad land whicii he cultivated until the fall of 1870, when he purch.ased one hiMidred and twenty acres of land on sections 8 and 17. In 1879. the Missouri River having washed aw.ay the greater part of his land, he went to O'Brien County, this .State, where he engagef eight children, the others being. Eliza .1.: Rheney E.. Harrison and ^VilliaIll are deceased; Jeremiah, Joel and Eli. In his youth, Mr. Roe attended the district school in Jackson Township, Darke County, Ohio, and at the age of eighteen years commenced serv- ing an ai>prentiecship at the blacksmith's trade, at which he served about two years. The succeed- ing j-ear he was engaged in studying in the .school again, but in 18.52 removed to I'nion City.Rjindolph County. Ind., on the line, and startn the farm of his raolher-in- law, in that county. In the spring of the sueceed- inle has been shown at several times by placing him in promi- nent positions of luinor and trust. In IKi',!) he took hi.- pl»ce on the board of supervisors of the county and held that position for aliont two years. In the fall of lt<.t7 he was electe<\ as Representative 542 MONONA COUNTY. lo the Twenty-second General Assembly of Iowa, whidi position he is filling at this writing, hav- ing l)i'L'n re-elected to the Twenty-third General Assembly in the fall of 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Roe are the parents of seven chil- dren, born as follows: Benjamin F., September 17, 1858; Ruey M., October 27, 18G0; John F., born Xovember 14.1862, died January 13,1863; Charles F., born January 22, 18C4; AVilliara C, March 7, 1866; Flora, born March 25, 1868, died Octo- ber 10, 1878; and Ray F., born February 25. 1881 Mrs. Roe is the daughter of John and Marzy (Mil- ler) Miller, the former a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1813. and died in February, 1855, in .lasper County, Iowa. The latter a native of Ohio, born about 18ill. died November 30. 1871. in iNIonona County. — V -•^P- E DWARD E. BAKKE, the well-known and enterprising dealer in boots and shoes, at Onawa, is a native of Norway, and was born near Christiana, July 22. 1842. His father was a farmer by occupation, and our subject was reared in the rural districts of his fatherland, receiving his education in the Government schools. At the age of eleven years he was apprenticed to a shoemaker to learn the trade, serving Ave years, as is the custom ill the old country. He worked at this business in Norway until the spring of 1866, when he came to America and located in Dane County, Wis., where he followed the same avocation. July 3, 1868, he arrived at Onawa, and entered the employ of Elijah J. Walker, with whom he followed his trade until November 1, 1872, at which date he bought out the stock and business of his employer and started for himself. This was in a small rented building on the corner of Iowa Avenue and West Broadw.ay, but, three years later, he removed to a larger one. and in 1882 erecteil his present sub- stantial store buildinltawatlainie County, where he farmed tliree years. Between tliis and eontract- ing on street work in Council Bluffs, he remained thus occupied until the spring of 1884, when he re- moved to his present residence, purciiasinj^ one hundred and three acres of land, seventy-live of which he has under cultivation. Mr. Denton w.is married December 31, 1865, to Miss Nancy KIlis, a native of Green Hay County, Ind., and daughter of William and ftlartha (Ellis) Kobinson. A family of seven children have come to them, of whom the following is the record: Martha M. (Mrs. Charles E. Jones,) was born November 25, 18G6: Elizabeth ( Mrs. John Rhoten). .Vpril 25, 1868; Winnie May, May 31, 1874; Mary Alice, May 25, 1876; Anna Capitola, April 20, 1879 ; Oeorgc William, February 24.1882; Sarah Jane, born, March 7. 1873, who died Maj' 8, the same year. Mr. Denton is Justice of the Peace of Jordan Townsbiii, and has always voted the Demo- cratic ticket. -^^^^iJt^^^^-^^ AKRY C. MOSIIER. of the firm of II. C. an uncle. Returning to this county, in 1876. he a short time after, made a trip to the Black Hills but in the fall of 1H77, came back and helped his brother upon his farm in this county, ann- tion to the rai^ing of stock, some six head of :)H MONONA COUNTY. horses, sevent3' of grarled cattle and one hundrerl and fifty hogs forming his herd. Mr. Olson is a native of Skeen. Norway, and was born October 1. 1843. He is the son of John and Sarah Olson, the former of whom died when John was about tliree years of age, and the latter one year later. He was brought up by his uncle Simon Sinionson, and spent the time until bis twelfth year in attending .school. His relatives dying he removed to the village of Skeen, where he [mrsued his education until about sixteen j-ears of age. The next two years were si)ent as a sailor on board the " Speed," a vessel engaged in tiie lum- ber trade, making a voyage to England, to America, to Sweden and to .Spain. Having seen the futility of his efforts in this line to advance his prospects, he left his native land, April 20, 1862, on a sailing vessel bound for the United States, and landed at Quebec, Canada, in the latter part of June. From there he went to Neenah, "Wis., where he spent some two years in farming, succeeded by sailing on the lakes for five 3'ears; after which he came to iSIonona County. Mr. Olson was married, April 22. 1870, to Miss Stena Gullickson. a native of Norway, who had come to the I'nited States and settled in Wiscon- sin. In 1851 her people had removed to Minne- sota, and in 1808 came to Monona County. By this marriage there have been ten children — Julia, James K.. Carl C, George E., AVilliam H., Gustav A.. Leonard S.. Carl C, John S. and Stella. All are living excejit the two who bore the name of Carl C, one of whom died in Ajiril, 1882, and the other January 3, 1884. EORGE H. OUTHOUSE, a representative of one of the oldest pioneer families of Mo- nona County, and who is one of the most extensive farmers and stock-raisers of Jordan Township, resides upon section 21. Our subject was born in Clinton County. 111.. August 28, 1831. and is the . son of John and J\Iartha (Smith) Out- house, a biography of whom is given elsewhere in the pages of this Album. When some five j-ears of age he removed with his parents to Caldwell Count}-, Mo., but in 1839 was taken by them to Ailams County. 111., and while there, at the age of eight years, was baptised into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, .and still prsictically and hopefully holds to tlie faith of that denomina- tion, although repudiating the doctrine of pol3'g- amy and all its vices, and hiis been a conscientious believer in the church founded by Joseph Smith, the Prophet. About 1840, with the family, he set- tled at Nauvoo, Hancock County, 111., where he remained until September. 1847, when, owing to persecution from the surrounding people, the family left that city of refuge and went down the river on aflatboat to St. Louis, thence to Clinton County, where they made their home for about five years, George doing a largeshare in supporting the family on account of his f.ather's ill health. After a short sojourn in Andrew County, 'Mo., the family re- moved to Pottawattamie County, Iowa, in the spring of 1851, where they made their home for about two years. Having been up in this region in the winter of 1853-4 prospecting, George R. Outhouse brought the family here on the 4th of April, 1854, and settled at Preparation, where thev made their home until 1855. Our subject resided on a farm which he pur- chased in 1855, in Belvidere Township, to which he removed the family, until 1871, at which date he removed to Jordan Township, locating on the site of his present residence. He is the owner of five hundred and sixty acres of land, the greater portion of which is in one body, and he h.as over two hundred acres in cultivation, devoting the bal- ance of his land to stock-raising. Mr. Outhouse was mai'ried September 21, 1863, near Jlondamin, Harrison County, to Miss Nancy Phillis Shaw, a native of England, who w.ns brought to this country when an infant, by her pa- rents, Henry and Nanc}' Shaw. She died August 5, 1864, having been the mother of one child, Joseph Alma. Itorn June 27, 1804. Mr. Outhouse was again married, November 24. 1867, wedding Miss Mary M. Hunter, who was born in Caldwell Count}', J\Io., December 5, 1840, and was the daughter of a* MUNUNA C'DINTY. 545 A. L. Hunter, of .Ionian Township. Of this union tiu-re have been lunn eight cliiUIren : George Paul, Sopteuiher 4, 1868;.)ohn Thomas. January 1. 18C9, and (lied September 15, 1870; David Parley, born March 27. 1871: Oloy Me;in<.. .March 28. 1873; Naney Rhoda. Miueh 7, 1875; Peter Marcus, No- vember 30, 1877; William H.\an, .Inly 12, 187".t; and .Mary Kmma. February 18. 1881. >[rs. Out- house died March 23, 1881. and is buried in Jordan Cemeterv. AVID W. LOT.SPEICII, a successful far- mer and stock-raiser, of Helvidere Town- ^ ship, residing on section 25, was born in Des Moines Count}', Iowa, near the city of Burlington, .\ngust S, 1846, and is the son of Kilen L. and Malinda (Caldwell) Lolspeicli. His father was born in Ross Count}-, Ohio, JSeptember '.), 1810, and received a better education than was common to the majority of peo|)Ieof that day. The latter grew to man's estate in that State, and at an early age in maidiood removed 1o Menard County. HI., where he engaged in farming, from the latter l)lace he removed to Des Moines Count}', Iowa, and was one of those who org^nized and named W.ash- ington Township, where he made his home until May 4, 1884, when he died and was buried in Trinity Cemetery. He was the son of Ralpli and Amelia (Higby) Lotspeich, the former a native of Ohio, and one of the pioneer Methodist preachers, who traveled the country over in company with the famous Peter Csrtright. Kden L. was married in 1835, to Miss Malinda Caldwell, a native of Ross County. Ohio, born February, 19. 1814. and had a family of eleven children David \V. grew to manhood, receive*! his educa- tion in the common schools of Des Moines County, and nt the age of twenty- three years, after a short visit to his parent's place of nativity, went to In- diana, where he was employed as Superintendent of sales by a machine company having a territory of several counties in the eastern part of the .State. .Vfter four years' service in that locality ho was transferred lo the eivsteru part of Iowa, and for five years attended to the business of the same cor- poration in that locality. In 1878 he removed to Fremont County, Iowa, and engaged in farming, and thence removed, in .lune. 18H1, to .Monona County, and located wiiere he now lives, having purchased eighty acres of wild land. He has added to this jilace until he now owns about two hun- dred acres, all of which is under fence, and one hundred acres under the |)low. the balance being in meadow anfi pasture. I'pon t!iis ])lace, which is known as the Hiawatha N'alley Farm, he is. to some extent, engaged in the breeding of Holstein cattle and Poland-China hogs. Mr. Lotspeich was married, December 31. 187, ami removed with her par- ents to Ohio in childhood. She died February 2(i, 1872, in Des Moines County, this State. Mr. and .Mrs. Lotspeich have three interesting children — Rose M.. born November 22, 1877; Ruth E , March 24, 1881 ; an. WOODWARD. Among the farmers and stock-raisers of (Irant Town- ship, who occupy a prominent place in their ; chosen occupation, must certainly be men- tioned llie gentleman whose name is at the head of Ibis brief epitome. He is one of the largest land holders in the county, (jwuing some eighteen hun- dred and sixly-oight acres, lying in the towns of Oranl and West Fork, five hundred of which are under cullivalion, the balance being devoted to the cultivation of grass, or in pasture, with the ex- ception of Ove hundred acres which are covered with timber. He h.as some four tenant houses upon his land, and a broom factory which h.as a large I'apacit^'. He is also, largely interested in the stock-raising industry, in which he h.as been emi- nently su< cessful. Some fifteen years ago he pur- chased a handsome residence in the city of Onawa, til which he removed with his family, wlieie he makes his resilience, although during the week he spends his lime on his farm, only being found at the county seat during .Saturday and .Sunday. The father of our subject. .losepli Woodward, was born in Franklin, Norfolk County, Mass.. in 1787. and received in youth the advantages of an education in the district schools. He grew to man- hood, and baying learned the harness-making trade, removed to Burlington. Vt., where he carried on that business for a number of years. Moving from there to Fairfax, Franklin County, in the same State, he set up his shop at the end of a toll bridge, and, while carrying on his trade, c(jllccted the tolls. There he remained until the spring of 1834, when he removed to Monroe County, N. Y.. where, ow- ing to failing health, he devoted a part of his time to gardening, as well as working at his trade. In the town of Hush. Monroe County. N. Y.. in 18fi2, he received the grim summons of death, and passeil to his reward. He had married at Turlington. Vt.. at the age of twenty-four. Miss Lucy Wilmartli. who was born in Vermont in 1792, and died about the year 1872, in Monroe County, N. Y. They had a family of seven children, three of whom are living. Joseph D., the fifth child, was born at Fairfax, Franklin County. Vt., October 10, 1827, and when but six years of age, was taken by his parents to Rush, Monroe County. N. Y., where he grew to manhood. He receiveil an excellent education in the schools of that loaility. and at the age of twenty-one. engaging in life for himself, followed broom-making for a living, a business that he has followed at various periods, ever since. He also, was engagea in teaching scliool in the Kmpire State where he made his home until 1853. when he re- moved to Fort Washington, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and in the latter remained some three years, eng.iged at broom-making, manufacturing about sixty thousand in that time. From there, in June, 1855, Mr. Woodward came West, and locating in Iklonona County, entered some six hundred .acres of laud in Grant and Maple Townships. Here- turned to Ohio, and in April. 1850, returned and settled permanentlyupon section 17, in CJrant, the journey taking some five weeks and four days, at that time. Mr. Woodward. October Ifi, 1855. at I'ort W.ish- ington, Ohio, w.as united in marriage with Miss Almira A. McMath. the Kev. .Vllen (latskill ofJicia- ting. The lady, a native of Ohio, was born in Har- rison County, April 15. Iis3(;. and is the daughter of .lames and Almira (Lawrence) Mc.Math. Of this union there has been hi)rn a family of eight children, of which the following is a record: I'lin. IL,who ivMsliorn February 16, 1858, married Miss 550 MONONA COUNTY. Kallieiine C. Blackmar, October 16. 1880, and is tlie fatlier of three cliildren, now living in Wells County, Dak.; Orrin P.. who was born February 6, 18o!i, is now in Wyoming Territory; Jesse 1). was born March 18, 1860, and is a resident of Tacoma, AVash.; Cora A., who was born October 9, 1861, was married October 9, 1883, by George A. Oliver, of Onawa; Rose M., was born November 28, 1863. James O. was born May 12, 1866; Rollo D., Sep- tember 29, 1867; and Eva McMath, July 24, 1869. j*-^)e«s (| l^;ILLTAM H. OTTO is one of the leading \/\j// '*"'^' successful farmers of Grant Townsliip, \!^j and has his residence on section 24. He owns some one hundred and sixty acres of land, all of which is well improved. Mr. Otto was born in Northumberland Count}', Pa., September 12, 1845, and is the son of Adam and Elizabeth (Veile) Otto. His father was born in Northumberland County, Pa., where he followed school teacliing for many years, and afterwards en- ofagcd in farming and in carpentering. He was married in the latter locality, September 17, 1839, to !Miss Elizabeth Veilc, a native of the Keystone State, wlio was born December 18, 1809, and who still survives him, living in Sioux City, IMr. Otto dj'ing .at Trevorton, Pa. They h.ad a family of four children: Mary A., now Mrs, W. P. Panuell, of Sioux City, was born September 5, 1840; Rebecca and Anna, twins, born February 26, 1843, died, the former in Dane County, Wis,, Septem- ber 25, 1865, and the latter in Wayne County, Ohio, November 17, 1855; .and William H. 'Will- iam II. was about a year and a half old when he was taken by liis parents to Waj'ne County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. At the age of ten years he started out in life to cam a living for himself, working for ueigiiboring farmers until 1861. Enlisting in Company K, Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, September 12, of that year, after a short time spent at Cp.nip Dennison, he proceeded with the regiment to the scene of hostilities in Kentucky and served until discharged in June, 1863, partici- pating in the battles of Somerset, Mills Springs, Cumberland Gap, Tazewell, H-aU's Gap and in many a skirmish with the noted guerrilla Morgfin, through Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia, At the battle of Perry ville while acting as assistant sur- geon, helping to dress the wounded, he was taken prisoner and remained in the rebels' hands some three months before being exchanged. On receiv- ing his discharge he re_ijirned to Ohio, but in 1864 removed to Mt, Carroll, Carroll County, 111., from wliich, shortly after, he removed to Dane County, AVis,, .and between those two States worked, back and forth, at farm labor and in dairj' work for some time. On the railroad for three years, and in painting about two more, he pa.ssed the time at F't. Atkinson, AV'is., and after a summer spent at Columbia, Mo., returned to Illinois and engaged in farming. Two 3'ears later, having once before been in this State, he came to Iowa and worked on the College ground at Ames, but Februarj' 7, 1872. came to Monona County ,settling in Center Township where he took up a claim of one hundred and twenty acres of wild land, and went to farming. Ten years later he removed to Kennebec, section 9, where be was engaged principally in sheep raising. In 1885 he settled on the farm where he now resides, Mr, Otto was married January 20, 1876, to Miss Mary Emma Edgar, a native of Scott County, Iowa, who was born August 6, 1854, and who had come to Woodburj' County in 1866, and this county two years later. Of this union there has been a familv of five children: Ira E,, Wilber Willard, Grace Mary, Edith Clara and Ivy D, ^ ^^'^ ^ ^^ AMIEL DEXTER HINSDALE, a thor- ^^^^ ough and energetic farmer of Franklin |tt/_^ Township, having his farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 24, where he makes his home, came to Monona County, May 14, 18G5, and settled in Onawa, At that lime he pur- chased tlie farm where he now lives and commenced its improvement and cultivation, making his home, at the time, at the county seat where he remained until the spring of 1867 and then moved his family to their present residence. II MONONA col NTY. o'.I Ml', lliiisdak' is a nntive of Burcnii County, 111., imni .111)}- ;{, 1k;!7, ami is llic son of Ocorge and Klizabeth (Bagys) Hinsdale. Ills <;iandfalliei\ .'^aiTUic'l Hinsdale, was a ])n)niinoiit resuk'ht of Bal- lardvale, losses County, Mass., where lie'died, and where George Hinsdale the father of our subject was liorii. The latter rrrew to manhood in the Old IJay .State, but moved to Jllinois in lf<31. He settled in IJurcau County, of which he was one of the earliest pioneers, and followed farmin<; until his death, whicli occurred May 18, 1H»'J. His wife is still living on the old hoiuestcad and is the oldest settler now living in that county. .She is the mother of eight children, of whom Samuel I), was the second. The old folk were members of the Wesleyan iNIethodist Episcopal Church, and the father was one of the original abolitionists of the Oerritt Smith type. .Samuel I), grew to manhood on his fatlier's farm in Bureau County and received his education in the log cabin school houses of the period. He re- mained at homo until 1 8(;0, when he was married and engaged in agricultural pursuits for liimsclf. This he has followed ever since. His marriage occurred Octol>er i), 1800, at which time he wedded Miss Helen Pierce, a native of I'eoria County, 111., who was born October 9, 1843, and is the daughter '•f William and Nancy (Wasson) Pierce, natives of the .State of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Hinsdale are the parents of eight children, viz.: Nathan N., born May 15, 1862; Marg.aret S., January 26, 186-1; William P., .Inly 12, 1866; George I)., .January 21, 1809; Adison O., August 13, 1871 ; John T.. .September 9, 1870; Jean M.. November 14, 1878; and Henry C. Jidv 1, 1883. ^» AMKS BAl.l.ANTYNK, an extensive far- mer of Jordan Township, resides on section 25, where he has a large and productive farm of some six hundred and forty acres, one hundred and eight of which he cultivates, de- voting the remainder to the raising of horses, cat- tle and hogs. The improvements upon his place are of the better class, anil are arran^'ed for his con- venience and comfort. Mr. Ballantyne w.as b irn in tlie County of Roxburgh. .Scotland, October 26, 1826, and is the son of John and Janet (Turnbidl) Ballantyne, a sketch of whom is given elsewhere in this volume. At the age of fifteen,our subject came with his |)arents to America, after receiving in his youth the elements of a sound education, and his father j having joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter I Day .Saints, the family settled at Nanvoo. Hancock County, III., where for about three years, they re- mained. In 1845, with a little band of emigrants of the Saints, our subject journeyed in company with his father's family, to Texas, where the father died in the fall of 1846. James remained with him until his death, and with the church people during their rough experience in Texas, .-md in 1858 removed with the latter to Indian Territory, locating in the Cherokee nation, where he w.as en- gaged in the manuf.acture of s:dt for about two years, after which he removed to Iowa, gettlin<^ in Shelby County, where he i)assed cuie winter. In the spring of 1861, he commenced work for S. K. Dow, on his ranch, and remained with that gentle- man for some eight years. At the expiration of that time, he removed to Little Sioux, but one year later, in the spring of 1870, came to Monona County, and settled on the one hundred and sixty- acre farm in Jordan Township, which he had pur- chased a year before. Mr. Ballantyne w.is married, .September I.S, 1855, !»t Mountain V.alley. Bexar County. Tex., to Jliss Abigail K. Andrews, a native of McNairy County, Tenn.. born November 8. 1839, and a daughter of J. A. and Nancy D. (Richardson) An- drews, who were members of the little band of Mormon emigrants spoken of above. They have h.ad a family of nine children by this marria'^e John O., Joseph M.. Omand.agus. Nancy M.. Jen- nette C, Robert A., Mary Kmma. James O., and and Fanny C. Jlr. Ballantyne is one of the most highly respected citizens of the township, aner 3, 1873. His mother, a native of Chester, N't., also died in Illinois, in 18Sj. They had a family of seven children — Maria, I-ydia. -Mary A., deceased; Oliver D.. Kstlier, William I), and Ed- ward D. William 1). Rounds, having rcceiveil a fair edu- tiou ill his youth, at the age of nineteen, started for the Pike's Peak gold mines in 18G2. and re- niaineil in that region, mining most of the lime, until the following January, when lie returned to Illinois. He was there employed in farming until the spring of 18(i.j. when, in response to the last call for troops, he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry, and was engaged in garrison and guard duty below Nashville at the cessation of hostilities. He was mustered out of service at the latter city, and given his prini;rield. III., .September 18, 18GJ. After farming for some seven j'ears, in Peoria and Iroipiois Counties, in 1872. Mr. Rounds re- moved to .'^tark County, and wsis foreman on N. Burnam's stock farm for some eighteen months, Mr. liurnam l)cing in the leather business in Peoria. After that we find him again engaged in carrying on the old homestead in Peoria County, until the spring of 1876, when, in search of a wider fleld for his eflforls, he came to Monona County, where he has since remained. When Mr. Rou;ids came to this county he was without capital, putting in his time .tgainst some t.").000 furnished by his partner. He was one of the first men to start the cultivation of blue grass in the county, sowing, in 1879, some two hundred bushels of seed. At the time of their separation, the property invoiced something like ^33,000, most of which was made in cattle. They also planted some twenty acres of forest trees, and seventy-five bushels of walnuts, all of which have thriven excellentl}'. Mr. Rounds was married, in the spring of 18G9, in Peoria County, III., to Miss Anna L. Buyeis, a native of Lancaster County, Pa., and the daughter of Andrew and Jane F. (Kennedy) Buyers, the lat- ter of whom died at lihioniington. III.. April 18, 1887. The grandfather of our subject. Oliver Rounds, a native of RlioY OHN PETERSON, farmer, residing on sec- tion 16, Fairview Township, is a native of Vermland, Sweden, born September 15, 1843, and is the son of Peter Johnson, a na- tive of Sweden, also, who is still living in that kingdom, and who served for over thirty years in the Swedish army. John was reared in his native land, but June 9, 1862, crossed the broad ocean to the great Republic of America, and settled at Nee- nah, Winnebago County, AVis., where he was en- gaged in farming and railroad work during the summers, and in the winter time by the Oconto Lumber Company, on the Oconto River in that State, for Sve years. Becoming acquainted with Miss Clara Olson, who was on a visit to that part of the Badger State, he was filled with a desire to see Monona County, her home, and returned with her to this part of the country* in 1878. On the 7th of April, of the same year, he and Miss Olson were married, and in 13eccmher following, com- menced housekeeping in a part of his father-in- law's house. The next spring he rented the John Hansen farm, but in August following, bought a farm of forty acres of land on section 9, and built him a small house, into which he moved. In 1883 he disposed of this and removed to Beadle County. Dak., where he took up a homestead of one hun- dred and sixty acres, purchasing eighty acres more. Five years he lived there, after which he sold out, and returning to this county, rented the place where he mow lives, which he purchased in the spring of 1889. He has a neat and well-finished house 24x48 feet in size, and a good barn 16x24 feet, surrounded by about three acres of grove. Mr. and Mr<. Peterson are the parents of the fol- lowing children : Carl John, born April 6, 1880, died April 28, 1886;Oscar, born January 22,1882; Mabel Ellen, October 2, 1883, Palma Lena. December 23, 1885, and Clarence Newell, April 29, 1888. Johannes Olson, the father of Mrs. Peterson, came to the LTniled; States about 1849, and located in Wisconsin. Later on he removed to Monona County, and settled in Fairview Township. He served during the War of the Rebellion, in one of the Wisconsin regiments, for about a year. He was the parent of seven children: Clara, Mrs. Pet- erson, who was born .A.pril 6, 1856; Martin, Ole J.; Ellen, Mrs. Lewis Olson; Mary, Mrs. Erick Hen- num; Josephine, Mrs. O. F. Johnson; and Chris- tina, Mrs. George Nelson, all of whom are residents of Fairview Township. AMES K. SOOY, a successful farmer of Sol- dier Township, living on section 7, was born in Washingtonville, Columbiana Coun- ty, C)hio,November 22, 1847, and is the son of B. S. and Margaret (Mease) Sooy. He received his education in the schools of his native county in his youth and remained with his parents until the fall of 186«, when he came to Monona County. That winter he followed carpentering at Smithland, Woodbury County, and the following year in Sol- dier Township. Returning to his home in the Buckeye State, he there remained until February, MONONA COUNTY. 555 1870, wlien, in company with his brother Henry he retiiriiiMl to this euiinty -iiid for some two years tliey were engaged at a sawmill on the Sioux Hiver, in Kennel>ef Township. At the end of that lime he went back to Ohio, bnt in the fall of 1870 re- turner) to Mononn County and settling iu Soldier Township, engagei in farming on a rented piece of land until the spring of 1881. Hemoving to the Slate of Washington, he there spent one year an-do farmers of tiie community, and has now a fine farm of one hundred and sixty .icres of excel- lent land, all under fence, and ninety acres of it under cultivation. General farming and stock- raising are the branches he follows. ON. STEI'IIFN TILLSON. Sit., one of the * earliest settlers anil most prominent citizens of the county of Monona, in bis day, came here in February, 1856. lie was a native of Huron County. Ohio, liorn near Norwalk, July 25, 1H22. He received his eity at Iowa City. Mrs. Esther H. Tillson, was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, July 17, 1818. and is the daughter of Isaac and F.dith Davis, natives of Wales and N'irginia respectively. About 18 10 her father re- moved from (Jhio to Quincy, III., and after an ex- tended stay, came by way of Nanvoo, to I^ee County, Iowa, where he purchased a farm und 558 MONONA COUNTY. raarle his home for some time. From there he moved to wliat was known as Winter Quarters, now Florence, a few miles above Omaha, Neb., where he diefl. His widow returned to Lee County, and later in life made her home with her son Isaac Davis, in this county where she died. fc:* ?» -;>\/^- *jiHi,EN.IAiMIN F. MORRIS, who is engaged in [l^^ the real-estate and insurance business in the (^®|)Jj| thrivino; village of Whiting, has been con- '^^f/ nected with the mercantile circles of that place since Februar3',l881,as shown elsewhere in this work. He has been also connected with its official history, having been appointed Mayor of the little city in 1857, and elected his own successor the fol- lowing j-ear. He hiis held the position of Justice of the Peace in and for the township, continually, since 1881. Mr. Mori is, a descendant of one of the most illus- trious families of the Empire .State, was born in Livingston County, N. Y., April 9, 1843. His father, Lyman Morris, was born in Madison County, N. Y., March 21, 1801, and in early manhood was united in marriage with Miss Anna Millet, a n.ative of Wayne County, in the same State, born March •23,1806. Our subject remained with his |3arents upon the farm, assisting in the agricultural labors of carrying it on until attaining his twenty-first birthday. After working upon a farm during that summer, in August, 18G4, he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-eighth New York Infantry, and after re- maining in the camp of instruction at Elmira, was discharged December 2, of the same year. In Feb- ruary following, he went to Illinois in search of work, from which lie returned to his home in the Empire Stale, the following fall. April 29, 1880, B. F. Morris arrived in Monona County and taught school in Sherman Township, that summer, and the following February moved to Whiting, where he was engnged in the sale of agri- cultural Implements and furniture, until early in 1886. Since then he has been engaged in the real estate and insurance business. Mr. Morris and Miss Sarah E. Shepherd were united in marriage in Livingston Count}'. N. Y.. July 31. 1870, and there has been born to tiiem a family of five children, upon the following dates: Emma May, March 22. 1X73; Joiin Augustus. August 6, 1876; Frank Robert. .Septembers, 1879; Fay Perciv.al, September 2, 1884; and Florence Lillian. July 31, 188K. Mrs. Morris, the daughter of Augustus and Flavilla Shepherd, was born in Livingston County, N. Y., October 21, 1849. She opened the pioneer milliner\- store in Whiting about April 1, 1881, and still continues at the head of that business. P" 'RANCIS C. CASE, Sr., deceased, was born ' in Indiana in 1813, and grew to manhood in that State. His first wife was formed}' a Miss Mary Hawk, by whom he had five children. Mr. Case came to ^lonona County about the year 1853. He w.as an active and progressive citizen of this county, and at the election April. 1858, was chosen by the qualified electors to fill the important office of Sheriff, but before assuming its duties. April 19. 1858, was called on to pass "Mnto the silent chamber of death." December 25, 1856. he was uniteSr- # i-^so^:-^ 'jfl' OHN BLANCH ARD, Jk., one of thegener.al farmers and fine stock-raisers of Sherman Township, having his home on section; 29, where he owns one hundred and sixty acres: was born near Cornwall, Canada, April 2.5, 1832, and is the son of John and Jose|>hin-^ Blanehard. His father, a native of Ireland, born in 1770. came to America and settled in Canada where he died in 1838. His mother, born in France in 1773, also settled iri Canada with her parents, and died in New York whither she had moved in 1838 after the death of her husband. John Blanehard, Jr.. made his first start in life at the early age of seven years, being employed .as a jockey in the running races. For four years he followed that business after which, having com- menced as cabin bo3- on the steamer "BritishjEra- pire," lie was employed for some sixteen'years as a sailor on the great Lakes. In this business he had the usual experience of seamen, wrecks, fires and disasters. He was one of the crew of the ill-fated •'Lady Elgin," that burned with a loss of over three hundred passengers, and was aboard of the ship '•Roman" when she went ashore at Point An Plais; on the brig "Oxford" when she sank, being struck on the starboard or port bow by a propeller, and all the crew lost but three, of whom our subject was one; and in other disasters common [to our merchant marines. Coming to Iowa in 1857.' our subject w.as em- ployed in freighting until 1861, when he enlisted in Company F, in the Engineers of the West, un- der command of Col. Bissell. A history of his proceedings with that famous regiment would fill a book, for the}' were employed not only in the line but in the engineer service throughout ]tlie war. Besides participating in the battles at Ft. Donelson, Fremont. Lexington, the capture of Island No. 10, Memphis. Madri. and i)uich!ised a piece of land, upon which he now resides, but, .is his entire worldly [lossessions con- sisted of one horse, one cow, and ^5 in nionej% he was unable to do much toward its cultivation or improvement. Uuilding a small dug-out he man- aged to live therein for about four years, working in the winter time at the sawmill south of Onawa, moving over there in the fall and back in the spring. About 1872. when he had bj- great effort raised a little grain, threshing out about fiftj- bushels and had cut and stacked some h.ay, a prairie fire swept in and burned it all, together with bis stable, etc. In 187.") he built the frame h'-use in which he lived for some years and which forms a part of his jtresent res- idence. He is now in comfortable circumstances, having tided over those days that tried his patience aiioulhcrn portion of Iowa being open to thealUicks of bushwhackers, he. with his com|)any. was called into service and p.issed about thirty days in camp at Chillicotlie. Mo. August 20. 18G2. he enlisted in Company C, Thirty -sixth Iowa Infantry and went into camp with them at Keokuk. Here the regi- nu'iit suffered miieli from sickness, measles and small|)o.x sweeping off more than one hundred of them, and among those who suffered from the dread disease was our subject, who was discharged Janu- ary 7, 1863, and removed to Wapello County'. There he placed himself under the hands of an uncle who was practicing medicine there. March, 18G3, he returned to his home and resided with his parents until his marriage, which took pLice March 13, 1864. The bride upon that occasion was Miss Hlioda A. Groom. The young couple removed to Monroe County, where for two years they lived upon a rented farm and then returned to Appan- oose County. Our subject was employed in the latter, working in a sawmill until 1869, when, in company with his brother-in-law, P. M. Dyson, he started for this county. Mr. a'jd ilrs. Stapleton are the parents of live interesting children: Maria .).. Ulysses G., Lottie-A., Tracy and Lucretia. ;HOMAS M. CRAWFORD came to Monona County in the fall of 1873 and settled upon 'f' section 4, 14, 4G, Lincoln Township, v.'here he has since resided. At the time of his location upon it it contained a small log cabin about 14x22 feet in size, which was used as a stable, and a small house built of Cottonwood lumber. About fifteen acres of the land was broken, but he now has the most of his place under cidtivtaion and well im- proved. Mr. Crawford was born in Kent Count}-. Ontario, Dominion of Canada, December 27, 1831. He re- mained at home with his parents, Thomas and Cynthia Crawford, receiving his education in his youth until he attained his majority. Coming to the I'nited States he p.assed the next fire years ujwn a farm in Whiteside County, 111., and then moving across the river took up his residence in Clinton County. Iowa. IJeing imbued with a love for his adopted coun- ttv. in res|>onsc to a call from the general Gov- 562 MONONA COUNTY. crnnient for more men to su|)press the unholy rebellion waged b3' traitorous hands against the I'nion, he enlisted in Company 1), First Iowa Cav- alry, lie was mustered into service at Davenport and, after remaining some two months at St. Louis under instruction, was forwarded to Prairie Grove, Mo., in time to take part in the battle at that place, which occurred December 7, 1862. In the cam- paign and battle of Little Rock, Ark., and the en- gagement at Camden, in the same State, he bore a gallant part and remained with the famous regi- ment until November, 1864, when he returned to his home on a furlough, being disabled for service on account of a wound received from a bush- whacker. He was mustered out and discharged August 30, 1865, at Clinton, and returned to the peaceful avocations of a faimer's life and made his home in Clinton County until May. 1872, when he removed to Jewell City, Kan., whence he came to Monona County. Mr. Crawford was married, in Clinton County, Iowa, October 9, 1865, to Mis6 .Sarah Rca.a daugh- ter of John B. and Mar}- Rea, and is the parent of three children: Mary D. William J. and Jennie C. ^^OLBY M. BRYANT, of Grant Township, i|[ _ was horn in Warsaw, Wyoming Count}', ^W^ N. Y., March 9, 1836. His father. Asa Bryant, a native of Windsor County, Vt., was born February 27, 1796; his father dying when Asa was but eight years of age, the latter went to live with his grandfather Sears, with whom he remained un- til he attained his seventeenth year. Returning to the place of his birth, the latter was engaged in farming until about 1828. when he went to W^ar- savv, Wyoming County, N. Y., where he was mar- ried, March, 13, 1828»to Miss Betsey Chamberlain, a native of Windsor County, Vt., who was l)Orn Julj' 12, 1805, and was a daughter of P>lijah and Ruth ((ioogins) Chamberlain; and of their mar- riage were born six children — JIary, December 20, 1828, who died the same date; .Mary E., born Dec- cember 22, 1829, died Noveml)er 14, 1849; Amanda R., born December 25, 1831, died March 1, 1843; Spencer A., born June 15, 1834, married Miss Elunice W^arren, Februarj-. 1, 1859, and died in the hospital at Memphis, Tcnn.. June 25, 1863, from a gun shot wound received at the battle of Chamiiion Hills. The wound was in the knee, and death resulted from amputation: Colby M. and Gustavus H. While the parents of Colby 51. Bryant labored hard on their new farm in AVestern New York, to rear and educate their children, they always found time to extend a helping hand to any one needing aid. The father was a leader in the church, and took advanced grounds in all of the reform issues of the day. He was a prominent abolitionist, when that party was ver}- unpo|)ular, and from him his sons inherited their love of country, and strong re()ublicanism. In 1850, Colb}' M., moved with his father's family to Lake Mills, Jefferson County, AVis. His father dice! July 17, the same year, and after his mother's death, which occurred October L3, 1852, our subject returned with his brother to Warsaw, N. Y. Mr. Bryant enlisted, July 22, 1862, at EUicot- ville, N. Y., in Company A. One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York Infantry. After many tire- some marches to acd fro through Virginia, during the winter and early spring, he participated in the battle of Chancellorsville, Maj' 3, 1863. There Mr. Bryant was wounded and taken prisoner, and maached under rebel guard to Richmond, while suffering intenselj^ frorh a wound near the heart. He was incarcerated in the rebel prison pen on Belle Island, and was paroled in about two weeks, and taken to a camp near Washington. There he remained until exchanged, in October, 1863. He then rejoined his regiment in the Eleventh Corps, and was transferred to the scene of hostilities in the Southwest and took part in the skirmishing and fighting in Lookout A'alley, while the rebels held Lookout Mountain. He was in the first day's battle .at Missionary Ridge. In the Atlanta cam- paign his regiment belonged to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twentieth Army Corps, the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps being consolidated into the said Twentieth. He took part in the bat- tles of Rocky Face Ridge, May 8; Resaca, May 15; Funi])kin Vine Creek, May 25, and Pine Knob, MONONA ((UNIY. dG3 I I .liiiii' l.'i, l.SfM. Ji) ilio latter (.•"Jjngpineiit lip was !igain severt'ly woimiUMl.and spout llii' romnitider of Ills term of service in llic hospitiils; (Irst at Nashville. Tenii., then IransferreM to . Jefferson v 11 lo, Iiiil.. anil from the latter to the Ira Harris hospital, Alliany. N. ^■.. and was there honorably discharijed An<;usl II, IKG.V. Tliatssinie fall SJr. Bryant camp to Jeflerson County. Wis., anfl in the spring fol- lowintr. in eorapauy with his brother. G. H., came to Monona County, ami purctiased a farm in (irant Township. Returning to Wisconsin. Colliy M. IJryant was marrie<1 March 27, IHfiT. to .Miss Amelia K. l?ou- telle. who was horn in Aztalan, .leflerson County, Wis.. March :i2, 1845. aiul was a daughter of Eben and Knieline (Ostrander) Hontelle. natives of New York Slate, Mr. and Mrs. Jiryant then settled in their new Iowa home. an(J know something of the privations inci engaged in agricultural labor for the farinci"S in this vicinity, but is at iircsent carrying on a r. ..-,,. vii,jcii ije rents of .Mr. .\uiunson. He is active and energetic and bids fair to achieve an inilepend- ence, and no doubt will rank, some day, among the wealthy citizens of this part of the county. Mr. .Solien was united in marriage June \\K 188 born in Fairview Township, April (J, 1867, and is the mother of two children: Julius O., and Helen Matilda. « Both Mr. and Mrs. Solien are communicant members of the Lutheran Church, and are quite regular in their attendance upon and active in the interests of the services of the society of that de- nomination on section 11. EU.MONU BUl'CHFR is successfully eng.aged in carrying on farming on sections 26 and 35. Franklin 4"ownship, where he has a compact farm of one hundred and twenty acres of excellent arable land. He made his first appear- ance in Monona County, February 17, 1856. and settled on a farm on section 32, where he lived "un- til August, 1873. lie then removed t.o section 26, in the same township, whore he has since made his home. Mr. Butcher was born in Cambridgeshire, Eng- land. June 25, 1835, anil was reared and was edu- cated in his native land. In October, 1«53, he crossed the ocean to America, landing at New York City from whence he proceeded to Orleans County, N. Y., where he remained three years. Kalamazoo County, Mich., was the next place* of his residence, and there. April '.t. 1H55, he was united in marriage with .Miss Mary O'Leary. a na- tive of the Emerald Isle, and the next year re- moveil to Monona County. amon >o.-iiun He also 564 MONONA COUNTY. made one trip to tlie neigliboriioorl of Luverne, iMinn., but found nothing in the locality that pleased him as much as his place here. Having separated from his wife, as detailed in her sketch in connection with tliatof Edward Monk in this volume, Mr. Butcher was again married June 18 ,1877, to Miss Angelina Wright, a native also of England, who was born June 7, 1855, and is the daughter of George H. and Jane Wright. By this union they have had six children — Grant E., born August 4, 1874; Jonathan, January 1, 1877; De- lia, June 5,1879 ; Garfield, June 6, 1881; Samuel, June 28, 188G; Tionettie, June 8, 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Butcher were christened and confirmed in the established Church of England, otherwise known as tiie Episcopal Church, witii wiiich denomination they still hold connection. —^ "#-^ ^ (K^NUD TIIORESON, an extensive farmer and large stock-raiser and feeder of Spring Val- ley Township, of wiiich he is a member ^; of the Board of Trustees, has his neat and tasty home upon section 12. A large portion of his farm he has under cultivation and the buildings upon it are of a superior character. He came to Monona County in September, 1867, and com- menced his life here upon one hundred and twenty acres of unimproved land for wliicli lie paid some $5 an acre. From this beginning he has wrought out his present cas^- and affluent circumstances. Mr. Thoreson was born in Norwaj', September 16, 1844, and is the son of Thore and Carrie (Knudson) Nelson, both of whom were natives of the same kingdom. His father died in that coun- try in 1851 and with her family the mother of our subject crossed the ocean and located in Ozaukee County, Wis. There the_y made their home until 1860, when they removed to La Crosse County in the same State. In the latter county our subject was reared lo manhood receiving his educaliuii in its common schools. On February 6, 1865, with a love for his adopted country, Mr. Thoreson enlisted in Company K, Forty-sixth Wisconsin Infantry, and with his regi- ment served in Alabama for some eight months, re- ceiving his discharge at Nashville, Tenn. In September 1867, in company with his mother, our subject came to Monona County and settled as above. The latter, who was born M.ay 15, 1817. died at his home, February 20, 1888, having been the mother of four children, of whom Knud was the eldest. December 28, 1868, Mr. Thoreson was vinited in marriage with Jliss Emma Severson, who was born in Norway, May 10, 1848. She had come to the United States in 1856 with her parents. Sever and Aster (.lensen) Halverson, the former born in Norway. August 3, 1803, and the latter February 2, 1810. Her parents settled in La Crosse County, Wis., whence, in 1869, the}' came to Monona County and located ou a farm in Willow Town- ship, where her father died April 3, 1882. Her mother died at Independence, Iowa, April 3, 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Thoreson are the parents of ten children, born upon the following dates: Theodore S., September 28, 1869; Adolph C, August 16, 1871, who died August 4, 1873; Clara A., born October 20,1873; Ida J., August 16, 1875, who died October 22, 1878; Bertha R., born M.arch 27, 1877; Adol|)h C, April 22, 1879; Oscar E., Febru- ary 14. 1881, who died February 27, 1881; John W., born May 2. 1882; Alia L., J.anuary 27, 1885, and Nellie J., May 3, 1887. All the family were reared in the Lutheran faith and still hold close connection with that communion. In politics Mr. Thoreson is a Republican, and has served for sev- eral terms in his present position of Townsliij) Trustee. - oc-x> - OCX- eHARLES W. COPE, who is enjfaged in the practice of dental surgery at Onawa, was born in Muscaiine County, Iowa, November 1, 1863, and is a son of John and Margaret (Pee- den) Cope, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, re- spectivcl}', who settled in Muscatine County about 1857. where they are still living and carrying on agricultural pursuits. Our subject remained at home upon the farm, grounding his education in the excellent district schools of his native county, I » ,,^^^f^^^;„ JUDGE J. R . BOUSbAUGH. M«»\i)NA COUNTY. 467 .•mil fiiiislied his oliissical course at tlie Iu»u Lily AciuK'niy. 0<"tober G, lH8(i, lie enU'ied the deiitiil ile|iarlment of tiic Iowa State liii vcisity at Iowa City, aii a farmer anlace upon which he now lives. In politics he w.as a stanch Republican, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincf'ln, for President, in 1860. and for every Rep\ihlican since. Althougli there was no church within the count}- of the faith in which he was raised, he still clung warmly to the tenets that were instilled into him in his youth. He w;is married, and was one of the most unassuunng men. aiid held a very high [ilace in the estimation of the entire community. Januar}' 31, 1890, .he was found dead in his bed. He had been suffering from the disease known iis la grippe, and the da^' before was in Onawa, and it supposed caught cold and died from a congestive chill. ' ON. CHARLES E. WHITING. No man I* in Monona County enjoys a more wide spread and merited reiiutation than the old '^) pioneer of ^lonona County whose name he.'ids this sketch, and a condensed epitome of whose life it is our honor to present for the persual of tne rising generation. Coming to this county in its infancy in 1855. Judge Whiting has seen this county progress from an absolute wilderness to a prosperous and fertile land, covered with a numerous population, and has been a very import- ant factor in its growth and development. After holding some of the more important ofiices in the gift of the people of the county, at the convention held l)_y the State delegates in the summer of 1885, he received the nomination of Democratic candi- date for (Governor of the State, and willingly ac- cepted the unthankful, unremunerative and almost desperate duty of acting as standard bearer of a party largely in the minoritj' in Iowa. Notwith- standing this or his defeat, he can proudly point to the fact that although his own county is largely Republican, still his majoritj- herein was almost one hundred over his more fortunate opponent, and that he reduced the majority- against the partj' from 79,000 in 1880 to 5,349. coming the nearest to success of an}' of the candidates who preceded him. Judge Whiting, as he is familiarly called, was born in Otsego County, N. Y., January 17, 1821, and is the sop. of Charles and Lorinda (Eveleth) Whiting, natives of Princeton, Worcester County, Mass., wiuj had settled at the town of Butternuts, in the Empire State, in about 1815. When about three years of age, he was taken bj- his parents to Wayne County, N. Y., and in the s[)ring of 1837 to Lake County, Ohio, where, uiion a farm and pursuing the daily avocations of .agricultural and MONONA COINTV. jG:» Imccolic life, as lie has nil his life, ho reinaineil wilh his parents until April i:J. isi:!. Having enjoyeil excellent facilities f(jr acquiring an education, of which he freely availed himself, he took up the burdens of life, and leaving the parental roof tree, removed to Madison County, in the Northern part of Alaliama, where, engaged in the dry gooils and ctjtton trade, he remained until 18.")0. Reports from the gohlen lands of the West induced him to make the trip to California, by way of Xew Orleans and the Isthmus of Panama, and in that "land of the summer sun." remained until the spring of 185.3. Returning, via Panama and Aspinwall to New York, and thence to Ohio, to visit his parents, he returned to Alabama, but closing up his aflfairs in that locality, a few weeks later came to Iowa, and locating in Iowa Count}', purcli.ased a large tract of lanil known .as the Old Homestead Place, formerly the reservation of the Musquakie Indians. Returning to Alabama for a short trip, he came b.aek to this State, reaching Keokuk the morning of March 1, 1851. When he left his -'sunny southern home'' the air was balmy and sweet, and the grass and trees wore their summer colors, but when he arrived at Keokuk, he found everything covered with snow and ice, and the biting chill of winter's breath tilled the air. On July 4, 1855, Mr. Whit- ing dis|wsed of his place in Iowa County to its present owners, the Amana .Society, a colony of (iernian socialists, and investing his money in land warrants in Alabama, to which he took a trip for the purpose, came to Monona County, and with them, in company with his brotlier. Newell A., purchased some 7500 acres of land. Here he bad the usual experience of pioneer life, for there were then but few settlors within the limits of what is iK>w Mcmona County, and in common with them suffered all the liard>liips attendant upon frontier life. At the April election in 1857, .Mr. Whiting was olectocV to fill the then very important oflice of County .ludgc of Monona County, and for two years presided at the he.ad of its government. In 1804 he was electeil member of the board of .-u|;er- visors, and the next year chosen Chairman of that body. From that ijeriod until the close of 1870. he was found in his place uiKin the lH)ard, and most of the time in the chair. In 1871, receiving the nomination of the Democratic [jart}' for the positiftn of Member of Congress, he made the race with Hon. Addison Oliver, and although suffering defeat in the district, carried his home county, .where they both lived, by .some sixty- three majority. In 188.} the .Judge again met his old opponent. .Judge Oliver, in the political field, and from him, this time, captured the otHce of State .Senator, and served the tlislrict in that ca|)acily for four years. Of his candidacy for Governor, we have already spoken. .ludge Whiting. September 7. 1848, w.as united in marriage with Miss Nancy Criner, a native of Madison County, Ala., and daughter of Isaac and Nancy (McCain) Criner. They have been the (tarents of six children: Julia C. the wife of M. H. Pidlen, of Ouawa; Ida, (Mrs. E. M. Cassady) of Whiting; Will C.. who married Miss Mamie Klliot. and lives in Whiting; Ella and Woodson, at home; and Edwin C. who married Miss Helen Waldron, and still makes his home with his parents. ■"5it*>~~ RS. MARY A. MAPLE, one of the pio- t neers of Monona County, is engaged with her two sons in general farming and stc»ck- raising, on section 34. Kennebec Towiiship. She came to this section of the Stale in May, 1856, among the earliest settlers, and purchased one hun- dred and twenty acres of land where she now lives, and where she has now some two hundred acres. While she has never graduated from any college, she has had great success in the practice of medi- cine, and receives many calls in that |>rofc5sion from both Polk and Monona Counties. Mrs. Maple, i\''(' (ioodhue. first saw the light in Groton. Grafton County. N. H., October 8, 18.17, and is the daughter of Joseph W. and Mary (Ord- w.ay ) CJoodhue. Of her ancestry we have the fol- lowing account: William Goodhue, a member of the church at Assington. Suffolk, England, caine to this country in 1G3(). ani"- .■•Miii-l on l.v i)..- three until 1871, when they divideil.jMr. Freeland taking the lumber nnd agricultural implement branches, Messrs. Warner and Chapman continuing the store. In August. 187;'). Mr. Warner purchased the interest of his partner anil c.-irrieil on the busi- ness alone until April. 1 M8!», when he closefl out the stock. Oeorge E. Warner was born in Acworth, Sulli- van County. N. II.. .Inly 8, 1843, and is the son of OeorgeM. and Sarah II. (Merrill) Warner. Mis father, a native of .Vcworlh. .-dso was born May 10. 1817. and the mother, born in Dracut, Middlesex County, Mass., now a part of the citv of Lowell, first opened her eyes in this wurld February 23. 1822. The latter w.as the daughter of Rev. Joseph Merrill, a Congregational minister who had charge of the church at Acworth. George M. Warner, was a farmer in early life but in 1856 removed to Boston, where ho w.is a member of the police force until 18()9. In that year he came West, resigning his position, and settling at (Jnawa where he still makes his]|honie. He is the parent of two children — Nellie, wife of E. A. Chapman, now of Meridcn. Conn., and George E. The subject of this epitome remained at home for twelve years upon the farm during which time he laid the foundations of his education in the dis- trict schools, and until he was sixteen, in the city of Boston, where he attended a high grade acad- emy. Entering a dry-goods store at Boston as clerk he was there employed at the outbreak of the Civil War. His paternal grandfather had served in the United .States army during the War of 1812-15. and attained the rank of captain, anil the same generous, patriotic blood flowed in the veins of our subject, and in bis country's need he could not falter. .lune fi, 18(;2. he enlisted in the Eighth Miissachusetts Battery, Light Artillery and serve^l for six months in the army of the Potomac, that being the term for which the company was raised. lie returneil home and for one year acted as a clerk in a hotel. Entering the United States ser- vice again, he received a commission as First Lieutenant and Adjutant in the Tenth LTnited States Colored Heavy Artillery, the same being dateiiiient Maivli l-!, 18C.5. During liisseivice with the Eighth Bnttery he participated in the second battle of Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, and tlie fearful carnage of Antietam's bloody field. With the Tenth Heavy Artillery he was employed in garrison duty at New Orleans, and took a part in the various incidents, that marked the closing of the War. He received his final and honorable discharge from the service February 22, 1867, and came toOnawa as above mentioned. Maj. Warner is a member of ^'espcr Lodge, No. 223, A. F. and A. .M. in which he held the oflSce of Master during the years 1883 and 1881. He is also a member of iSioux Citj" Chapter, No. 23, R. A.M.; Columbian Commandery. No. 18, and of Sioux City Consistorj', and of Hanscom Post, No. 97, G. A. R. of which he is the present Adju- tant, and was one of its organizers and first Com- mander. Our subject was united in marriage September 1, 1868, with MissMollieE. Morrison, the daughter of J. E. Morrison, on*; of the pioneers of the count)', a sketch of whom is given elsewhere. Mrs. AVarner was born in Sanbornton, Belknap County, N. H.. March 28, 1847, and is the parent of one child, Ziida M., whose birth occurred June 24, 1869. -^^- -V- |Z_^ERVEY E. MARR, M. D., of the city of Onawa, was born at Pleasant Grove, Olm- stcad County, Minn., .July 7, 1857, and is the son of John H. and Catherine N. (Ross) Marr. In 1862 the family- removed to Norfolk County, Canada, where they made their home un- til 1871, and then emigrated to Winnesheik Countj', Iowa. One year later they came to Mon- ona County and settled at Onawa, Ilervey mov- ing each time with his parents. He received his earl}- education in the district schools, both else- where and here, and at the age of sixteen j'ears commenced running the engine for Maughlin & Marr and continued with them for about two years. After a short time in the same trade with Baxter Whiting, in the City Flouring Mill, ue entered the Homeopathic Department of the Iowa State Univer- sity at Iowa City, and after a severe course of study was graduated from that institution. Febru- ary 28, 1882. He entered upon his career .as a practitioner of medieiiie at Victor, Iowa Count}', in the fall of the same j'ear, and continued there for two years. . At the expiration of that time, he re- moved to What Cheer. Keokuk County, and con- tinued in practice at that point until December 18, 1886. On the latter date he came to Onawa. where he has been engaged in the duties of hiscliosen profession ever since. Previous to entering col- lege, in 1879, it may be of interest to note that the Doctor spent several years in teaching school in this county. The Doctor was united in marriage November 15, 1882, with Miss Carrie M. Prather, who was born in Iowa Citj', this State, April 18, 1864. She is the daughter of Washington and Rose E. (Brig- ham) Prather. natives of Iowa, who are still I'csi- dents of Iowa Cit}'. Mrs. Marr is the eldest of a familj- of three children, all girls. The Doctor and Mrs Marr have had their home brightened by the birth of two children ; Irving E., born February 12, 1884; and Ivan W., March 6, 1886. Doctor Marr was one of the charter members of Monona Lodge, No. 184, Knights of Pythias, whose Castle Hall is located at Onawa. and with which he is still identified. Since coming to this [)lace he has built up quite a practice, and bj' strict adherence to the duties of his profession and keep- ing abreast of the times in his reading, has been eminently successful. In November, 1888 he was appointed a member of the board of insane com- missioners and still holds that position. Mrs. Marr is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and a coucientious christian woman. ETER ALEXANDER, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Cooper Township, who has his finelj' located and handsome resi- dence on section 5, Cooper Township, while his farm of two hundred and eight}' acres is located in that town and on sections 30 and 32, Liston Township. Woodbury County, lias been a MONONA COLM'Y. 573 resident of this section for orcr twenty years. He was horu in Butler County, Ohio, Kfljni.iry 18, IHIO. His fatlier. William Alexanckr, a native of Union County, Pa., born in April. IS 11. came West on horseback, on attaining liis inajurity and settled in Franklin County. Ind.. where he engajjed in farniinir. There, and in Butler County, Ohio, he carried on this business until 1H.J2. when he pur- chased a farm in Decatur Count}'. Ind. upon which he passed llic renmin grass, as he ilevoles a considerable share of his attention tfi stock-raising. .Mr. Alexaniler w.as united in marriage Novem- ber 24. l.ltH.in Decatur County. Ind, with Miss Uebeeca .1. Proctor, a native of Butler County, Ohio, born August 2, 1848, and a daughter of I'lnocli W. and .Mary .1. Proctor. Of this marriage there were born seven children as follows: Anna, born December (!, 18C5, in Decatur County, Ind., who married .lohn (Juincy Armstrong, .bmuary 27. IHH'J; .Mary Adeline, born September 17, IHtil, in Decatur County, who married Calvin Gray bill, October 18, 18.S3: Ida Belle, born in the same place February 21. ixd'.'. who married Wilbur Earlyaine. March 10, 1885; Enoch F.. born in Woodbury County. June 2, 1S72. and died June IG, 18H5; Clara M. E., born .September 30, 187«. and ^3i-®/3(ra»*« /^IDEON M.W (|| (— - of the most ( ^^51 ers and large ^^^IDEON M.WELLS, an old resident and one extensive and successful farra- jest land-owners in Grant Town- ship, has his resi-' W. H .WlbSEY. i MONONA (dlNIY. bii X'ennic L. August 0, 1871; (. aixiliiie 1>.. 2S(ivi.iiibfi •28. lS7;i; (liileon, Auy;usl 5. 187.'>; Edna. Marcli I. 1«7S, wbo (lied Seplembei- 20, 1885; and Nora B., born .laniiary 10, 1881, wlio dipil .Scf)teMil)cr 2/), 1 88.J. UILLIAM H. WILSEY, who was the pioneer settler in the town of Maijlc. and for nian^' ^J^^ years its most prominent citizen, came to this section and ni.ide a settlement August 1, 1855. Shortly after lie laid ^)Ut a town site u|)on his land to which he ifavc the name of Maplelon. of which village he was afterwards the merchant and Post- master. Heing an energetic man of good business tact, he pros|)ered in life and became one of the largest land owners in the county, owning at one time some fifteen hundred acres in Maple Town- ship, lie remained in the locality of his first settle- ment until 1870. when he made a trip to the "MounUiins'" and remained in Colorado five months, after which he settled in Harrison Countj*. Four yeais later he came back to the scenes of his pioneer days in Maple Township, which he made his home for about two years. He then removed to his present residence. Little .Sioux Township. Harrison County. Mr. Wilsoy is still a large land owner, having now one thousand acres of lanil lying in the two counties. William II. Wilsey was born in Tro^-. liradford lounty. I'a.. M.ay 6, 1822. When but a lad of fourteen, with his mother and step-father, Katie and Oliver StoiMard, he removed to the young Stale of Ohio, and some 3'ears later tt) Michigan and Illinois. In Peoria County, in the latter .SUite Mr. Wilsey attained man's estate. In Henry County. 111., in 1814, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Jane Cunningham, a native of that Slate, who became the mother (»f four children — Clarissa. Nelson A., Duke W. and William II. .Mr. Wilsey has been three times married, his si'cond wife being .Mrs. .Sarah (Huggles) .Maynard, the widow of .Vmos Maynard, and a native of Pennsylvaniii. Shortly after this marriage he and his wife started for Iowa, and settled in Maple Township as above stated. Mr. Wilsey was fi'r many years one of the most prominent citizens of this section of the country, and iilled many public odices in the township. March 27, 1877, Mr. WiUey was for the third time united in marriage, wedding Mrs. Mary A. Smith, a native of Linn County, Iowa, and the daughter of Moses and Kliza (lirazelton) German, natives of Ohio and Illinois, respectively. Her parents were early settlers of Harrison County, building the first house in the village of Little Sioux, in which place they still rc-^idc, J^^IIKODORK T. IJOLSLAirOH. a prominent. j[[i^c^ enterprising agriculturist of Center Town- '^^y ship, residing on section 8, is one of the old settlors of Jlonona County, coming here in .Septem- ber, 1859. with his father's family, and entering the farm on which he now lives. He was born in Huntingdon County, Pa.. September 13, 18211. anil is the son of Joseph II. and Margaret (Thomas) Houslaugh, a sketch of whom is given elsew.here in the pages of this Ai.Bf.M. When our subject was aliout eight years of age the family removed to Ohio; from there to Henry County, Ind.. where after two years residence they returned to Ohio. In the spring of 1810 he came with his parents to Hancock County. III., in which locality for about nine years he was engaged in farming, at the expiration of which, with the balfiiiceof the familv. he came to Iowa, settling in Polk County. In the fall of 18o;i. still accompanied by his father an^l brothers, he made a settlement in .Monona Countv, on sections 8 and l>, and for ten years assisted his father in carrying on his farm. Finally removing to a house which he had built on section 8, he com- menced the cultivation and development of his own pl.ace, and is now the owner of a beautiful farm of four hundred and .H-venteen acres, one hunarents to Knox County. 11!.. and the latter having united themselves with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the family removed i to Hancock County. After the death of Joseph .-imith and the consequent expulsion of his people from Nauvoo. the father of our subject dissenting from the new doctrines preached, especially that of [lolygamy, in 1847 be removed to Walworth County, Wis., and in 1854, to Harrison County, this Slate, among its earliest pioneers. In the latter the father -*:: ^-^^^i^^T^i^^- Y ALICB CUSHING, a young and energetic farmer, a younger brother of Ervin Cush- ing. of St. Clair Townshi|>. with whom in partnership he is carrying on the farm on section 12. was born at Rochester, .Strafford County, N. II. , June 24. 1861. When some two ye.irs old he was removed by his parents, Enoch and Charlotte (Ruzzle) Cushing, to the environs of Bi'Ston. Mass., from which, after live months resi- dence, they emigrated to Pultawattamie County, Iowa. In the latter locality he remuined beneath the parental roof, until the s|>ring of 1887 when. 580 MONONA COrXTY. in comically with his hiother, Krvin, he came to Monona Count}* and located upon their farm which they liad pureiiased and partially improved some four years previously. Upon this the brothers are expending their energies, bringing it to a high state of cultivation and improving it for their mutual :idvantaa;e. I! , ANS OLSON, who came here from his far- away home in Norway in the summer of 1867, and located in Fairview Township, _ has his home on section 3. He is one of the pioneers of this subdivision of the count}', there being but few families located here when he came. Mr. Olson was born in Skeen, Norway, August 1.'). 1823. and was reared in the land of his nativ- ity. In .Tune, 18G7, with his wife and family he ('migrated from the old home across the sea, cross- ing the ocean in a sailing vessel, and after a long and tedious voyage landed at Quebec, Canada. From that cit}' he came by rail and steamboat to Ft. Dodge, Iowa, and from the latter by stage and wagon to Fairview Township. For some seven years he lived on the farm of Ncls M. Jorgenson, cultivating the soil, and then purchased forty acres of land in Lakeport Township, Woodbury County. This land was all timber and had to be cleared and grubbed out, but by incessant work he managed to bring it to an excellent state of cultivation,and had it well improved. In the spring of 1883, the river, which, when the}^ purchased the place, was some two miles distant, cut its waj' through the soft bot- tom land until there was vev}- little of his farm left, and not enough room between it and his house for a person to stand on. He saved the building by moving it away, and immediately returned to Fairview Township, and purchased a farm of sixt}' acres on section 3, where he now lives. All of this land he has brought into cultivation, and h.as added improvements in the w.iy of a neat dwelling and other buildings. ^Ir. Olson was united in marriage with Mrs. Ma- ren (.Torgenson) Aaronson, the widow of Jorgen Aaronson, the mother of two children by her first marriage — Nels M., born .January 22, 1811, and Peder, September 22. 1846. The former of these was a sailor in his youth, but is now a wood and coal dealer in Milwaukee; the latter, a carpenter by trade, is farming in Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Olson have a family of four chil- dren, as follows: Jorgena D., born JIarch 14, 1852, now Mrs, Charles Holm, living at Elkport. Dak.; Martinus, a successful farmer of Kingsbury County, Dak., born November 26, 1854; Olaves, Sep- tember 20, 1857, who is engaged in farming and stock-raising in the township, and weighing three hundred and fifty pounds is one of the heaviest men in the State; and Edward, born August 28, 1860, who still remains upon the old homestead. They also adopted Aase Maria Jorgenson. the daughter of Nels M. Jorgenson, whose mother died when she was about two weeks old, but when she had reached the age of eleven years she was taken by death from the family. Mrs. Olson was born in Norway, July 19, 1820, and is the daughter of Nels Olson, a blacksmith of Skeen. Ole Christorferson, the father of Hans Olson, was also a native of the same place. -j^^S^' RVING C. McMASTER, one of the widely known and successful business men of Soldier \ Township, is now engaged in agricultural la- bor on his fine farm of two hundred and seven .acres, on section I'J. He came to Monona County, with his parents, S. A. and S. J. McMaster, in the fall of 1873, and settled in Grant Township, where lie rem.ained until the spring of 1881. Removing to .Soldier Townshi)) he then purch.ased a fai'm on section 17, and entered upon its improvement and cultivation. In the spring of 1884 he sold out this (jroperty and purchased the store in Soldier, and was engaged in the general merchandise busi- ness at that point, and a member of the dry-goods and grocery firm of McMaster & Dryden at Cas- tana, until June. 1888, when he sold out to J. A'. Lampson, of Ilurlej', Dak. He then purch.ased the place upon which he now lives, and settled down again to farming. Mr. McMaster was born February 14, 1856, at MONONA col' NT V. .081 rittsficid, Somerset County. Me., where lie received his ediR'ation and remained until coininf; to Mon- ona County in 1873 with his parents. Since that date he has Iieen identified with this county. He w.TS married .lanuary 7. 187.'), in Kennchec Town- ship, to Miss Alice Hrinkcr, and by this union is the parent of five cliddrcn — Cora. Archie. Jessie, Nellie and Maud. Mr. McMaster was appointed Postmaster at Soldier Fcliruarj- 24. 1881, and held that ollice until November 1, 1889. Iieinij; succeeded by Richard I'armer. the merchant at Sohlicr, who had been acting as his deputy. When he first came to this county be herded bis father's cattle, some six hundred beaaration. and the earliest settlor of what now constitutes St. Clair and Sol- dier Townships. During the summer the latter had put up a log cabin and broken about fifteen acres of prairie. He lived upon this farm, grailu- aily increasing his store until !iis death, which took place September 9, 1888. William Agens remained witli his father upon the farm, a.ssisting in carrying it on. until August 16, 18G2. when, with a natural patriotism, in de- fense of his countr}- and Hair, be enlisted iH Com- bany C, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and was mustered into the United Service at Council Bluffs, December 2, 1862. The regiment marched to Savannah, Mo., from the rendezvous, and thence were carried by rail to St. Louis. During the fol- lowing winter they went upon the White Ujver expedition. In the engagements at Helena, Ark., July 4, 18(J3; Spoonville, Ark., April 2, 18GI, Lit- tle Missouri, April 8, 18G4; I'lairie De Ann, April 10 and 11; Camden, April 15; Jenkins' Ferry, April .id, anil Little Rock, our subject partici|)a ted with the regiment. February 9, 18(55, they started by way of Duvall's HlufT and Algiers, La., for .Mo- bile, and took part in the capture of .Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeky. At Whistler, Ala., he partici- pated in tiie lust engagement of the war, and after- war^>^;^^^^f^)<^ y -V !>ILLIAM HL'DSON LEATHERS, of the 'V4w/' '''^"^ °^ ^^'^' '^'" ''^^^'"""8 '^ ^'•^" leading ^^y merchants in the village of Mapleton, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio. September 17, 1853, and is a son of William M. Leathers mentioned else- where in this Alblm. Ho received a high school education at Covington, Ky., and on attaining maturer years filleaterna! side, .lames Mann, was born in England and with his wife, Cynthia Mann, came to America in an early day and died in West Virginia, the former about 1858, and tlic Litter in 1851. Samuel II. attended a subscription school in Vir- ginia, at Red Sulphur Springs, in his youth, and at- taining his majority commenced working out by the month at farm labor,which he followed until coming to Iowa, as above stated. an\\\ gaged in carrying on the general merchan- '^i@ disc and agricultural implement trade, and is also one i>f the largest laud-owners and most ex- tensive stock-raisers in Belvidere Town>hip. if not in the county. His elegant mansion on section 1, 83. 41, is surrounded by his magnillcent farm of twentv-one hun-r5^3-e- \1 OlIN AD.VMS HKISLKU. who is well and favorably known throughout this part of llie country, was one of the pioneers of Monona County .and still activclj- engaged in the sup- port of its great agricidliiral interest, .as one of the leading farmcre of Cooper Township. He has a wide spreading estate of one thousand ami eighty acres of land lying w Maple and Cooper Town- ships.somefive hundred of which are under cultiva- tion, the rest being in meadow and p.isture. Mr. Heisler wjis born in Harrison, Count}*. Ohio, February 2, 1832. and is the son of Frederick and Elizabeth (Steffcy) Heisler. Frederick Heisler. bis father, was a native of 'Wtslmoreland County, I'a., and was born April 6, 1799. When abouta year old he was taken by his parents to Harrison County, Ohio, then a vast wilderne.ss. a new country to be develoi)ed, where his parents took up a tract of land well known since as the Heisler section. There he grew to manhood, receiving a common-school education, and became an excellent Hnancier and mathematician. At the age of twenty-seven years he started iu life for himself, clearing up a farm out of the heavy timlier in the neighlwrliood, upon which he carried on farming until November 1 1 ' 1849, when he dicil. He was married about 182(5, , to Mi.ss Klizabeth .Stcffey, a native of Harrison I County, Ohio, who was born in 1811. and had a family of sixteen children, of whom the following ' eight are living: Henry, Solomon. George F.,Cath- I nrine IT. T., .lolin \., Samuel, Charlotte and Sarah. The mother ilied at Newton, Iowa, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Charlotte Day, April IG, 187.). .lohn A. grew to manhood in the county of his birth, and his father dying when our subject was but seventeen years of age, he took charge of the home farm which he carried on until attaining his majority. For some two or three years after that he farmed the homestead on shares, at the expira- tion of which he went to Crestline, in the Western l)art of (Jhio, where he was engaged as book-keeper and man.ager for a lumber comiian}'. Two years Later, after a visit to his home, he started for Kan- sas, but on his arrival at Leavenworth, founrmanently upon his place. He has made great improvements upon his farm, and besides his elegant resilience, has two tenant houses uix»n the same. Mr. Heisler de- votes considerable attention to stock-raising, hav- ing some nineteen head of liorees, two hundred cattle, and over one hundre• who is engaged ellARLES M. CASSADY in farming iu West Fork Township, came to this county with his brother E. M. Cassady, a sketch of whom appears in this volume, witli whom he remained until the marriage of the latter, when Charles assumed charge of the old homestead. After the death of his mother, which took place May 16, 1884, he removed to Whiting and embarked in the harness-making business which he followed for two years. Since that time he has made his home upon the farm where he now lives, except .about eight months that he spent in Cum- ing Count}', Neb. Mr. Cassady was born in Panesville. Lake County, Ohio, and while an infant was taken to Cape Girardeau, Mo., and a short time afterwards back to Panesville, Ohio. His father died at Kirt- land. Lake County, in that State, when our subject was about four years of age, and the latter re- mained with h's nn)ther until coming to Monona County, as above stated. -^-i-^^^=€-M— eURTIS C. POLLY, a member of the firm of Blair A- Polly, dealers in general mer- chandise, in the village of Whiting, made his first appearance in Monona County, September y, 1872. Having purchased a farm on section 26, Fairview Township, he took up his residence there, but two j-ears later removed to another farm on section 36, upon which he spent the time in im- proving and cultivating until July 1882, at which time he came to AVhiting and, in company with .1. <^. AViles. engaged in the mercantile trade in the same building in which he is now located. The firm of Wiles it Polly remained in existence for about fifteen months, when the present firm was formed. Mr. Poll\' was born in Randolph Count}', Ind., February 12, 1848, and is the son of Dr. Samuel and Anna (Mote) Polly, a sketch of whom is given elsewhere in this Albcm. When he was about eight years of age he was brought by his parents to Clarke Count}', Iowa, where he grew to manhood. On attaining his majority he went to Warren County and renting a farm carried on its cultivation for about two years, and for another year was engaged in farming in Clarke County, previous to coming to this section. Our subject was united in marriage February 25, 1868, with Miss Lizzie J. Farley, daughter of Thomas J. H. and Lucinda Farley, the ceremony taking place in Warren County, Iowa. Having been blessed with no children of their own, in March, 1880, they adopted a little girl Fannie M. Hamilton, then about three }ears of age. upon whom they lavish all their affection. '•^^»t^^ -^^^ •^^«^» r*l li.ILLIAM HATT, a well-to-do farmer liv- \jjJk ing on section 14, Franklin Township, is a W'^ native of Prussia, born April 11, 1853. and is the son of Fredrick and Caroline (Witt) Hatt. both natives of the same kingdom. His fa- ther was l)orn in July, 1825. and was a laborer in the Old Country and came to Monona County in the fall of 1877. locating in Franklin Township, where he is still living. The mother of our sub- ject was born P'eluuary 2, 1825. and died here March 12, 1887, having had a family of four chil- dren: Fredreika, wife of William Kraft, a resi- dent of the same township; William, Fredrick and MONONA COirNTY. 689 Charles, all of whom are citizens of Franklin. Both parents were members of the (iermaii Liilli- craii C'inirch. William llatl received his cdiieatioii in his na- tive laii'l and in 1871 started for America, for tl;e botternienl of his fortune, landing in Is'ew York (.'ity in October. He proceeded to Niagara County. N. Y.. where he made his home until April 1887. when he came to Monona Co\int_v and for a year worked out by the month at general farm labor. In the spring of 1878 he returned to Niagara County where he was united in marriage with Miss Louisa Maria Caroline Warner, and with hi.s bride returned to lliis county, lie rented a farm of Hon. Addison Oliver which he worked for three years on shares, thus accumulating some little capital. He then purchased the tract of eighty acres on which he now lives, for the sum of ^1,320 to which, in March. 1888. he added eighty acres on section 11. for the latter he paid ^l.oOO. Here he has made his home ever since. Mrs. H.att w.as born in Mecklenburg. Germany, ■laiuiary 8, 18G1, and was confirmed in the German Lutheran Church April C. 1874. She came to the I'nited States in earl^' life and settled in Niagara County, N. Y.. where she was married. .Air. Ilatt is also a member of the same communion, being conlirnied .Vpril t. 18G7. -■^-^■f^ ^ ELI S. STRAUB, who is engaged in carrying on his professional duties as dental surgeon at Maplelon. is a native of Lewisburg. I'nion County. I'a.. and was born .lannary 23, 18.54. He is the third in a family of si.\ ehildren born to his parents, Klislia and Klizabeth (Dilioney) Strauli. both of whom were also natives of the Keystone Slate. His father, who was a ship carpenter and boat-builder by trade, removed to .St. .Josejjh County. Mich., and is now engaged in the ice and coal business at Constantine. in that county. Our subject was reared and educated, partly in his native Stale, and pailly in .Michigan, whither he removei) with his iiaients in 1874. He learned and followed the trade of millwright until 188.i. but in the fall of 1887. after studying for some lime the science of dentistry, entered the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, at Cincinnati. Ohio, where he attended lectures and clinics for one term. From there he came to Maplelon in March, 1888, and commenced the practice of his profession. Shortly after this he went to Chicago, and Septem- ber 1888, entered the Chicago College of Denial Surgery in that city, from which he was graduated March 20. 1889. Returning U> Maplelon he .again commenced practice, which he still continues. Mr. Straub was united in marriage. .Inly 13. 1883, with Miss Lydia .1. Menges. a native of Elk- hart County', Ind., who was born .September 4, 18(51. Of their union there is one chihl. Leo Ray, whose birth took place May 9, 1886. > » ' l { i. 18(;8. On April 19, 1869, Mrs. Hol- brook was lakea from her family by deatli, and February 11, 1871, Mr. Ilolbrook again entered tlie marriage state, wedding Miss Catherine Sprague, a native of Knox County-, Ohio, who was born May I, 18.36. and unto them have been born three chil- dren: .lohn, .lanuary 19, 1876. who died October II, 1876; Charles K., born October 27. 1879, and Bruce M., February 2. 1 882. Mr. Ilolbrook came to Monona County in but limited circumstances, his earthly possessions em- bracing but about $500 and he has been the sole architect of his own fortune, and is now ranked among the most wealthy and affluent people of Western Iowa. His elegant residence on West Broadway, is one of the finest in the county and an ornament to the citv. (ia ftlLLIAM WE.SLEY KNAUSS is a pronii- \/jJl/ "C"t and well-to-do stocli-raiser and gen- 's^ crul farmer of the Township of .Jordan, living on section 35. He was born in Nobles County. Ind., November 24, 1851. and is the son of Henry and Rachel (Dunagan) Knauss. His fa- ther, a native of Pennsylvania, who was born .July 4, 1813, removed at the earl}- age of fourteen years to Ohio and there remained until attaining his majority. For the fourteen succeeding years he resided in Nobles Countj-, lud., from which he removed to Harrison County, Iowa, where he still lives, carrying on a large farm and has extensive stock interests. He was married in Nobles Count}', Ind., in 1841, to Miss Rachel Dunagan, a native of Ohio, who was born October 23, 1823, and is a dau!>;hter of S:uuuel Dunasran. The subject of our sketch came to Iowa with his parents in childhood and grew to manhood on his father's farm in Harrison County, receiving his education in its district schools. At the age of twenty-live years he left home and commenced agricultural pursuits upon a farm of eighty acres that he had purchased the previous year, which, after im|)roviiig and bringing into cultivation, he sold in February, 1882, and removed to Jordan Township. Monona County, the site of his present place, where he had bought an improved farm of two hundred and forty acres; one hundred and fifty acres of this is under cultivation, the balance of it in pasture and meadow. Mr. Knauss was married, February 22, 1877. in Jefferson Township, Harrison County, to Sliss Kate Hillman, a daughter of Abit and Martha (Easley) Hilhnan. By this union there has been born a family of four children, as follows: Stella M., December 13, 1878; Minnie B., April 8, 1882; { Louis C, January 21, 1886, and Annie. October 23. I 1887. ^ ftlLLIAM A. PARKS has been a resident of \sJ// this county since the fall of 1877 and .as he \^/sg has alwa\'S been engaged in agriculture, he has successfully managed his farm on section 17. . Ashton Township, and has brought it to a high state of improvement. He purchased this place several jears p'evious to his removal here, but in that year commenced breaking the sod and has now about one hundred acres under cultivation and live .acres set out in a thrifty grove. About fourteen head of horses, twent}' of cattle, and forty of hogs comprises the stock upon his place. The son of William and Elizabeth (Osmon) Parks, natives of the Buckej'c State, William A. Parks was born in Adams County, Ohio, April 22, 1839. His parents died when he was but seven years of age, leaving two other children — Hannah F. and Salathiel. Our subject after that made his home with his grandfather until the death of the latter in December, 1853. Making his home with an uncle through that winter, in the spring he started out in life for himself to battle with the cold and unfeeling world and worked at farm labor b}' the month, attending school during the winters. He thus received in his youth the elements of a fair common-school education which he h.as since supiilemented by a considerable reading. He was eng?iged in thus earning a livelihood, both in Ohio and Indiana until his twenty-second year when, having a desire to establish a home of his own. he wedded Miss Levian Wilson, a native MONONA tUL'NTY. 593 of the Huckoyc State. The same fall he removed to Douglas Comity, 111., where he purchased a farm and entered upon an agricultural life on his own account and there made his home until cominof to this county. By his marriage Mr. Parks is the parent of fourteen children, who are mentioned as as follows: Mary Klizahcth, who died August !). IHIWJ; Clement S.. Thomas .S.; ^^'illiam P., residing in Washington Terri'.ory; Wilson E.. .John C. David A., Sarah K. ;. lames, who died Decemljer 30, ISM: Charles D., Frederick F., Kr.astus A., War- ner A., and one who died, unnamed, iu infancy. |.^AVII) T. HAWTHORN, a prominent, en- jV terprising and well-to-do farmer of the <^ town of Center, residing on section 8, was one of the early settlers of Monona County, having come here during the winter of 18.56-57 and herded cattle on the rush beds on the Jlissouri River, in company with Kdwiu-d Young, for several parties who had lost their hay by lire (a reminis- cence of which appears in this volume). In the fall of IHCl ho settled permanently in the county, and since that date has continued to be a resident here. .Mr. Hawthorn first saw the light of d;iy in Wash- ington County. .Md.. September 2!l. 1M28. His father, .lohn Hinvthorn. w.is born in Inland. M.ay 11, 1800. and crossed the ocean to the I'nited .States with the faraili' of his father, Thom.as Haw- Ihorn. when a boy of but ten years of age and died in Washington County. Md., iii the fall of 18.j(). Mrs. Klizabeth (Pheasent) Hawthorn, the mother of our subject, was als(» born in Maryland about \s()s and died in that State in the spring of 188!). David T. in his youth attended the school at llagerstown, in his native State, and at the age of twenty years was married to Miss Catherine Hersh- berger, the ceremony Uiking place December 21, 181H. Tlie lady w.as a native of Washington County. .Md., and daughter of Jacob and Susan (Roatrough) Hershberger. .\fter his marriage, in the spring of 1855 he removetl West to Rock Island County, HI., where he remained only one year. June (i. I8,'ir>, he came to Woodburv Counl\- and engaged in tending the stock above mentioned. Karly in 1858 he located iu Ida County which he helpcil organize at a time when there were onlv thirteen venters within its limits, and for two years occupied the [josition of County Superintendent of common schools, after which he came to Monona County and located as above stated. \I? EWIS W. RINEH.\RT, deceased, one of I ^ the highly valued and respected citizens of jl^^ Belvidere Township, who for some ten years was engaged iu carrying on his farm in Belvidere Townshii) on section 10, was born in Cass County, Mich., near the vill.age of Williams- ville, June 20, 1841, and was the son of John and Parthenia (Lawson) Rinehart. His father who was born in Rockingham County, \'a., June 20. 1815, died in Michigan in 1880, but his mother, a native of Champaign County, Ohio, born .March 15. 1820. still makes her home in that State. Lewis W. Risiehai't who was the second child in his parent's family of six. received a more than a common education in the days of his youth, and in his manhood's leisure hours improved his mind to a great extent. I'pon his father's farm he grew to manhood and there developcil those poweis of mind and body that led to his success in this local- ity. In 1871. at the nge of thirty, he came to Iowa with his wife and settled in this county, in Belvidere Township, after passing one season in Harrison County. Having then but limited means he rented the B(>ller farm, ami after tilling its soil for thri.-e years, purchased eighty acres of land on section 10. to which in 1873, he adfU-d one hundred and sixty more ami later another forty, owning at the time of his death, which took place September 2, 1880. about three hundred acres of fine land, a large pro|K)rtion of which was under cultivation. On the 23d of September, 1868. be married Miss Sarah L. Hainc. who survives him. Mrs. .Sarah L. (Haiue) Rinehart was bom in Sny.ler County. Pa., and is Iheilaiighter of George and Julia ( Williams) Hainc. both of whom wer« 594 MONONA COUNTY. natives of the ••Keystone .Slate." tlie former born ill 17!t7 anil tlie latter about 1800. Her father was engaged in the hotel business and in running a farm in the State where he was born, and died there in 1854. Her mother's death occurred in 1873. They had a family of thirteen children. Mr. and Mrs. liinehart were the parents of two children: I'liny L., born May 31, 1877, and Lewis, whose birth took place August 13, 1880. Mrs. R , who resides upon her fine estate of between four and five hundred acres, rents the most of her land, but is engaged somewhat in stock-raising. #^ Among the men of ^Nlon- ) AMES LARSON. ona County, who have risen by their own ! || efforts from a state of comparative povert}-, (|^^' to a condition of ease and comfort, is the subject of this biograpli}'. He is the owner of a fine farm of some four hundred acres, and has his residence bcautifuUj' located on section 2. in Wil- low Townsliip. He is a native of Denmark, born August 2.S, 18ls, and the son of Laus and ,Mary (.lolinson) Clauson. He grew to manhood in his native land, and there resided until ]March 24, 1871, when he sailed for the New World, coming direct to Chicago. For about throe months he was employed at Riverside Park, and then came to Iowa locating in Shelby County, where for about two years, he was engaged at farm labor. In the spring of 1872, he came to ^^loiiona Couutv, and entered the employ of John and George ;\Ioore head, in Spring N'alley Township, with whom he remained some three j'cars, when he removed to Boyer, Crawford County. Two j^ears later he made a trip to the Black Hills with a team, and re- maiiuHl in that region, mining and freighting, all the summer of 1877, returning to his home in Crawford County about the middle of September. A short time aficr he removed to Soldier Town- ship, and that winter was in the employ of O. K. Strand, but in the spring returned to Crawford County, and rented a farm. From there, the next fall, he removed to Harrison County, and between these two made his residence until the spring of 1883, when he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land upon which he now lives, and to which he has added from time to time. The dwelling house, which be erected on first settling here, he re- modeled in 1888, until it is one of the neatest and most comfortable in the neighborhood. Mr. Larson was united in marriage at Onawa, November 18, 1878, with Jliss Sarah Thoreson a daughter of Thomas Thoreson. .She was born in Norvv.ay, ^larcli 5, 1^51, and came to Anieric.i with her parents in 1856, and settled in .Mjinitowoc County, Wis. In 1869 the family removed to Monona County, where they made their home until the death of her father. Her mother now resides with her. Mrs. Larson for some fifteen years was employed in the dining room of the Dunlap Res- taurant. Mr. Larson's father came to America in 1885, after the death of his wife, and m.akes his home with his son. ]\Ir. and !Mrs. Larson have but one child. Leroy. whose birth took place November 14, 1871). ♦*S^-;»^ «^*i^*«^ili()rttime located at Asliton. In .'^eptember of the .-anic year he removed to the new town of Onawa, I lien just laid out and there he worked at the car- penter's trade on some of the earliest buildings of that embryo city. A few years later he removed to Lake Township, where he had purch.ased a farm and built a house and there resided until 18(!5. In the hitter year he settled on section 25, Franklin Township, but in 1877 removed to Sioux Townsliijt, where he died. May '2'J. 1887. He was a 7iative of the State of New Hampshire, where he was edu- i-ated and grew to manhood and in early life emi- grated to Illinois and settled in Kane County. He was tliere unitofl in marriage with Miss Mary 1'. Oliver, the daughter of George W. and Hannah I!. (Adams) Oliver, who was born September 4. IH;!;5. and who is now living in Sioux Township. Hv this union was born a family of nine children. -^-#- LK H. CAnL.SON. one of the sturdy black- smiths of Onawa. came to Monona County June 22, 18G'.l. and worked on a farm for ■ luilge C. K. Whiting, for al>out two years. After that, until 1m7;», he was engaged in teaming and then took up the trade of blacksmith, to which he devoted three years in learning all its branches. Konling a sliop he embarked in the business for himself, but in 188G. having prospered in this world, he purch.ased the building which he is now using, moving it to its |)restnt posilinn on a lot which he had just bought. Mr. Carlson was born in Norw;iy, January 11, 1859. and is a son of Jule and Barbara (Olson) Carlson, also natives of Norway. His father was born June 18. 1820, and his mother March 10, 182;5. Tlicy came to the United States with their family in 18(53 and. on landing at New York, came at once to Monona County. They were the ])ar- cnts of two children, our subject and Mary, the wife of Jolin Tostenson, of Onawa. Mr. Carlson received his educalii)n mostly in his native country and was confirmed in the Lutheran Church when some fourteen years of age. He was married .Tanunry 12, IH80. to Miss Julia Christian- son, wlio was liorn in Wisconsin June G. 18G0, and is the daughter of Christian Christianson, a farmer of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Carlson have a family of three children — Julius, born February 10, 1881, die . ETER REILY, a pioneer business man of Blencoe, and one of the leading dealers in general merchandize in that section of the county, is an old settler of the county, having come here March 25, 1865, and purchased a farm on section 8, in Sherman Township. On this place, which embraced some two hundred and ten acres, he carried on farming until 1881, when he sold out to James Cook and invested his money in the mercantile trade. Sir. Relly is a native of liie State of New York, born in Livingston County, January 1, 1839. His parents. Patrick and .Inne (<^iuinn) Reily. were both born in Ireland, but had come to America in their early days. Peter w.as reared upon a farm, receiving in the common schools of his native county a good education, and] in 1858, following the advice of Horace Greeley, came West. He located some land upon which he filed a claim in Wright County, this State, but rented a farm south of it in Hamilton County, upon which he was en- gaged until the breaking out of the war. Filled with the patriotism that called so many of our gallant young men to a death on .Southern bat- tlefields, Mr. Reily enlisted earl^ in 1861, in Com- |)any F, Second Iowa Cavalry, and w.as made Orderly Sergeant. November 1. 1861, he was pro- moted to the rank of Lieutenant, and April 1862. to that of Captain. On their organization the regiment was forwarded to the front, and with it he participated in the battle at New Madrid, where they passed through their "baptism of fire." At Farmington, Booneville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth. Wolf Creek Bridge, Oxford, and on the terrible raid under Gen. Ben Grierson, he took an active and gallant part with the regiment that so often distinguished itself as to become w^ell known throughout the nation. Like many others of the cavalry arm of service, Capt. Reily participated in many sharp and severe engagements, that while known as skirmishes, would in a less gigantic war be classed among pitched battles. Resigning his commission August 21, 1864. at Memphis, Tenn.. Capt. Reily received his discharge and came back to Iowa, locating in Webster City. Mr. Reily's parents had followed him to Hamil- ton County, in 1860, where his father rented a farm, but in March, 1865, a number of families made up their minds to come together to Monona County, among them those of Patrick Reily. Peter Reily, A. Jones, John ^Martin, Dewitt AVilson and Orlin Wright, who all came and settled in Sherman Township that spring. Of these, Wright removed to Washington Territory in 1877, Jones to Oregon in 1879, Martin to Kansas in 1870, and AViLson to one of the Southern States about 1879. Patrick Reily died here in 1866. and his wife in I 882. Our subject had always taken a prominent part in tlu' public affairs of the township, which he was MONONA CUl NTY. 599 instriimciit.ll in liaving organized as a separate one. 1111(1 to wliic-li ho funiislied tlie name, anil w:is eloc- led it.s first County Supervisor. .Mr. Reily was married October 31, 1859, to Miss Mniv A. Dilnorlli and lias been the parent of twolve children, seven of «hoin are living: they are — Annie, (ieorge A.. Klla. Kitlie. William. .Mary Ann. Ralph H. Annie is the wife of William Kosseau of this townshii). Those deceased are, Eliza, who died in October, 1868; Thomas, in August 1881; Florence in .July. 1888; Jennie, in February. 18(52, and an infant that died unnamed. «««jei2n5i@~— ►^ ,^|.g>. r'_^ ON. KI.l.IAlI PKAKK. c.x-County Judge. ir )j, ex-!Meiuber of the Legislature, and now a ■^ resident of Sherman Township, was one of (((§)) the prominent men in tlic earlier annals of the county, and contributed liis share toward its development and improvement. He is a native of llcikinipr County. N. Y.. and w.as born .laiuiary (!. 1810. His father, Kleazer Peake, was of Old Puri- tan stock, and first saw the light at New Can.ian. Conn., in 1774. His mother. Mary (\'orhcc9) IVake. was born four years later, in Montgomery County. N. Y.. where she was married in 17'.»6. Judge Klijah Pe.ike. the ninth child, and only living son in a family of eleven children born to his parents, made his home beneath the parental roof until he was some twenty-three years of .age, moving with the family in childhood, to Monroe County, in the same State, and received an excel- lent education, lie remained a resident of the Km- pi re .Stale eng.aged in farming. In 1 His he was appointed warden of the State Penitentiary at Au- burn, N. Y.. in which capacity he served until 18.')2. In 1866 became West and settled in Onawa, pur- cha.sing the Onawa House, the |>ioneer hotel of tli;il village, which he rebuilt and made .ndilitions to. lu connection with his son-in law, David J. Rock- well, he piesiiled over this place of entciljunmeiit for travelers for some ten ye:irs. and made a po|iu- lar anil efflcient landlord. .\t the same time he was engaged in running the livery st^ible in the same place, and carrying on a farm, where he paid great attention to stock interests. In appreciation of his abilities, he was nominated in the fall of 1867, to the ollice of County Judge, and elected over ne of Monona County's most prominent men. and who at one time filled the impor^.-mt ollice of County .ludge. Warner Peake was born in Cayuga County. N. Y.. .September 6, 1855, and came to Monona County with his father in 18fi(i. Reared to man- hood in Onawa. he there received the rudiments of his education. Heattendwl the Stale Agricultural College, at Ames, Iowa, during the sessions of 600 MONONA COUNTY. 1869, '70 and 'Tl.nndtbe State University at Iowa City dining 1873-74. He remained at home until his marriage. This, the most prominent event in his history, took place March 26. 1879, when he led to the altar Miss Martha A. Hand, a native of Col- umbia County, N. Y., and daughter of Frederick and Harriet (Young) Hand, residents of Columbia County, X. Y. The yonng couple at once removed to the farm where they now live, and commenced housekeeping, and have there continued ever since, enjoying the peace and comfort of domestic life. Their home has been brightened by the advent of four children, three of whom are living, the other Fred E., having been translated to his heavenly home in childhood. Those living, are Warren E., Frank H., and Stewart R. Mr. Peake, a Republican in politics, has had no aspiration for office, being compelled to devote his entire attention to the operation of his extensive farm, where he carries on a large stock business. (0 ""■' %Jf' Tofl • — "-x xr -' ^ ^LAUS (). MOEN is the owner of eightj' res of fine land on section 18, Willow Township, where he has diligentlv labored since the spring of 1880. He is comparative!}- j'oung iu .\ears, having been born in Norway, September 27, 1858, and possesses in common with the men of his race the industrj', perseverance and econom>- necessary to success. He remained in the land of his birth until attaining his majorit}', re- ceiving in his youth a fair share of education, and about the 17th of October, 1879, being dissatisfied ■with the state of affairs in the land of his birth, which allowed but little chance for a man to rise in his condition, and where wages were extremely small, he borrowed the money with which to pay his fare, and crossed the ocean to America in search of betior fortune. He came at once to Monona County and for about a year worked out by the month on the farms of Nels Clemon and others, and then commenced to improve the place upon which he now lives. At first he had but a squat- ter's right to the farm, but in 18H1 ho purchased it and has brought it to a high stale of cultivation. He I as about one hundred .acres of land, most of which is under cultivation and despite his poverty on starting in life, has already placed himself in easy circumstances. His father, Ole Amunson. died in Norway', and in 1880 his mother, Mrs. Carrie (Christopherson) Amunson, came to this country, and is now keeping house for her son. our subject. ^ AMES W. POLLY, an active and energetic farmer of Lake Township, living on section 28, was born in Clarke Count}', Iowa, No- vember, 28. 18.54. and is the son of William and Jemima Polly. He was reared upon a farm receiving such educition as was afforded by the district schools, and lived with his parents until attaining his majority. In the fall of 1876, in company with his parents, he removed to Monona County and settled in Lake Township, where he rented a farm. He remained on this, engaged in tilling the soil, until August, of that year, when, having in company with his brother, purchased some eighty acres of timber land, in Lincoln Town- siiip, he moved thither. They engaged at once in hauling wood to Whiting and saw logs to the mill, clearing up the land. Cord wood at that time was very cheap, and they delivered over one hundred cords in the town of \\'liiting, for $1.90 a cord, hauling it seven miles. Having purchased a farm on section 30, Lake Township, James Polly moved to it in the spring of 1877, building him a house and engage 1 in farming during tha*; summer. The following- winter he was again engaged at the saw mill, and the next spring moved to his father's place, which he rented and where he remained until the spring of 1879. In the latter year he moved back to Clarke County, and, renting a farm, made a stay there until February, 1880, when he again returned to Monona County. After living on his own place on section 30, until the si)ring of 1883, he then sold out and purchased his father's place on section 28, where he has lived ever since. March 28, 1876. at Adell. Dallas Countv, this MONONA COrNTY. 601 State, lie was united in niariias:"' "ith Miss Lucinda Atlia, and tiipy are llio paients of six children: I.iilft M.. Charles C, William 1*., Agnes L., James K., and Mav M. ^^ -».j'sA \'. II1C'KI-;L. the leading grneer,v dealer mjt of the village of Whiting, settled at that /// II place in March. 1888. and opened his ^/ present stand. He was born in Clay County, III., January 19, 1858, where he was reared and educated. Brought up upon a farm he re- mained with his parents, .San)uel and Mary Ilickel, until attaining his twentj--second year. Removing to Cass County, Neb., he there spei.t the summer and in the fall went back to Illinois, only to retuin to Nebraska two months later. In the spring of 1883 he started for Dakota, but stopping off at Whiting, on his nay thither, was so favorably im- pressed with the town and its surroundings and the pleasant social qualities of its (leople, that he remained there that summer, and was married there October 16, 1883. With his young wife he moved to Keith County, Neb., where he took up a homestead and after remaining upon it four j-ears, sold out and came to Whiting as above stated. lie li.TS been since then identitied with its business and social circles and is rapidly building up a large and lucrative trade, and has won the esteem and respect of the whole coninumity. The ceremony that united the destinies of .Mr. Ilickel and Miss Carrie Clark occurred on the 16th of October, 1883. The lady is a daughter of Kd- ward E. and K. .1. Clark, old settlers of this county, a sketch of whom is given elsewhere. Of this union have been born two children: Mark and Blanche. ENHY llAUVV.one of the intelligent and enterpiising farmers of the town of Lake, av^ is a native of \\'apello County, Iowa, born (IM' May 5, 18.')l,and is the son of Nicholas and Harriet Harvy. His parent.- were natiTes of Virginia, tlie father born March 11, 1812, and the mother ,^pril 20. 1812. They removed to Iow:i |)revious to the birth of our snhjr-it :uid settled in Wapello County. During the childhood of Henry the family moved Uj Mahaska County and three years later to Monroe Countj', this State, remaining in the latter until the spring of 1871. They then removed to Mills Count}- where they made their home until Februarv, 1882, when they came here and settled on a farm in Fairview T'>wnship. In the spring of 1881 Henr^' rented a farm in Lincoln Township, living in that precinct until March, 1887, when he bought the place on section 20, in Lake Township, where he now lives, and moved to it. His parents have always lived with him and do at the present time, as does his brother John. The latter was l)orn in Monroe County. Ind., Jul}- 15, 1810. Mr. Harvy was united in marriage, while a resi- dent of Mills County, Iowa, May 8, 1877, with Miss Mar}- A. Kperson. and by this union they have a family of four children: William, Charles, George, and Stella, all of whom are living. Mr. Harvy is an energetic and conscientious worker, always striving after the best results for his labor, and is meeting with a deserved reward in his suc- cess. The family are among the 'most esteemed and respected people in the township, and are well known for their kiinlly manners and hospitality. «l('^yC"niK 1". DIlJOlS. a young, enterprising \V, /' and thorough going farmer, of Fairview y Township, lives upon section II. He is a native of France, was born Decendier 17, 1855. and is the son of Victor Dubois, a prominent resi- lient of the same township, a sketch of whom ap- pears in the pages of this work. When only about four months old he was brought to the Inited Stales by his parents who settled at .Mena»ha, Win- nebago County, Wis. There our subject lived un- til he was nine years old and attended school, but moved with the family to Harrison County, Iowa, in the fall of \M\. and to .Monona County the following spring. Our subject was here reared to 602 MONONA COUNTY. raanliood, reccivinsi every facility' for acquiring an excellent education, of which he availed himself to the greatest extent, and .-issisted in carrjing on his father's farm. On April 2. 187:3. Mr. Dubois was united in mar- riage with Miss Lillie Holmes, the eldest daughter of George and Carrie (Sands) Holmes, both of whom were natives of New York. By this union there have been born seven ciiildren .as follows: Walter R., January IK). 1874; Winnie G., January lo. 187.0; Delia May, February .5, 1S78; Callie Ray, April 28, 1880; Bern Leon, .September 21, 1883; Elsie Ruth, December 30. 1885, and Flora Belle born September llO. 1888. and died December 21, following. John Holmes the paternal grandfather of Mrs. Dubois, was a native of England and his wife, nee Harriet Gould, of X'ermont. Her maternal grand- father, Zachariah Sands, was born in Maine. Mr. Dubois, has a fine farm of two hundred and forty-five acres, one hundred and five of which he has brought to a high slate of cultivation, the bal- ance being chiefly in grass. He has about three acres of grove and a small orchard, a beautiful and tasty residence, 24x42 feet in size, and a well finished barn 28x30 and other good outbuildings. NDREW BALLANTYNE, a well known and prominent farmer having his home on section 2, Spring Yalle3' Township, was ^J born upon the banks of the river Tweed in Selkirkshire, Scotland, September 13, 1815, and is the son of .John and Janet (Turnbull) Ballantyne, also natives of the '-Land of Heather." Our sub- ject received a limited education in the land of his birth, and was there reared to manhood on his father's farm. The family having been converted, under the missionary labors of one of the elders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, came to the Ignited States in 1841, arriving in Hancock County, III.. November 27, and there re- mained for some three years. A month after the assassination of Joseph Smith, which took place June 27, 1844, in company with a number of co- religionists, our subject, with his f.ather's family, went to La Crosse, Wis., and thence, March 27. 1845. removed to Coffee Bend, now Preston. Tex., where they remained until the summer of 1846. Going to Austin, the State capital, he and the company erected a grist and saw mill, and there his father died in October. 1846, aged sixty-two year?. Removing to Gillespie County, Mr. Ballantyne and others there erected a saw and grist mill, and a machine shop, etc., but soon after lost their entire properly, some 810,000, by a flood. Going to Burnet County, lliey there erected another mill, which tiie^- sold for -i^SjOOO shortly after, and re- moved to IMedina, Bandera County, where he has a brother and sister living at the present time. May 26, 1855, Mr. Ballantyne came to Harrison County and bought one hundred and sixty acres of laud a short distance south of Little Sioux, and engaged in farming at that point until April, 1875, when he came to this count3' and settled where he now lives. His mother, who was born in May. 1784, died in Bandera County, Tex., April 20, 1870. Mr. Ballantyne was united in marriage March 6, 1853, with Miss Rebecca Jane Connyers. a native of Perry County, Tenn., born October 17, 1836, and the daughter of George W. and Sarah (Brad- ford) Connyers, natives of Tennessee, .and Fulton Count}', 111., respectively. In 1837 she was brought by her parents to Jefferson County, Iowa, where the family lived until 1844, when, having united with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, they removed to Nauvoo, III. At the lime of the removal from that city they started for Salt Lake, but stopped in what is now Clarke County, and helped la}' out the town of Osceola, her f.ather naming that place. From there they went to Texas, but returned to this State, to the neighborhood of Little Sioux, Harrison County, in July, 1855, where the father died August 7, 1885. Her mother still makes her home there, having been the mother of twelve children, of whom ;\Ir-. Ballantyne is the second. Mr. and Mrs. Ballantyne have hadalarge familv '•( children, of whom the following is a record: Jolni W. was born Jul}- 7, 1854. and died August 22. 1884; Sarah J. was born August 19, 1856; Janet A., born January 26. 1859, died September 3, 1866 ; MONOXA COUNTY. 603 Joseph M., bom April 19, 1860, died in infancy; Margffiret M- was born May 16, 1861, and died .lamiary 18, 1863; Mary II.. born March 14. |S6;5; Georste .\., .lantiary 1, 1866; William U., born May 21). ISCK. (lied .September ;"), 1869; Gideon, liorn .Inly 21. 1870, died in infancy; Henry A. was born .hi!}' 29. 1871; Mark, Angust 25, 1874; and (iuy. whose birth took i)lace Febrnar}' 21. 1877. -H-O*- ^ lilLLIAM KOONTZ. of Soldier Townshij). \/\/// residing on section 19, came to Monona W^ Connly in the spring of 1869. and settled on section 9, [jurohasing a piece of land of the rail- road com pan}', the title of which w.is in dispute, which he had to vacate, losing his labor hut not his monc}'. A year later he purchased a neighboring farm on the same section, upon which he lived st>nie six years, and then gold out and removed to the State of Washington. He madehis home there at Toledo, for about a year, but having been stricken down with the rheumatism, removed to liartlett Springs, Lake County, t'al., where he received niudi benefit to his health. He then returned to Monona County and settled on the place wheit; he now lives, building a neat and commodious house. When he first came to the county there were but few settlers in what is now Soldier Township, and like most of the people he had his residence in a dug-ont. There were no school-houses, school being taught at one or two of the residences of the citizens. .Mr. Koonlz was born in Bedford County. Pa.. Miiy .'il. 1.S24, and is the son of .lohn S. and Kliza- beth ( Wineijardner) Koonlz. He resided with his jiarents until .some twenty-three years of .age, and then ejlablished himself i^i the same county on a farm. There he remained until about 1858. when he removed to Iowa and located among the bluffs in .lackson County. .\ugu.sl 14. 1862, Mr. KuDutz enlisted in Com- pany II. Fifth Iowa Cavalry, and with his regi- ment was engaged in liain and guard duty until the fall ()f 1K6.3. He participated with this band of heroes in the second battle of Ft. Douelson, the engageuicnls at \\ artrace, Duck Hiver Bridge, Sugar Creek, Newman, Camp Creek, Cumberland, Jonesboro, Kbenezer Church. Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski and Cheraw, and in many of the most famous raids in the Southwest. The gallant Fifth was in many situations requiring the greatest cool- ness and courage, and silways acquitted itself with high honor. After the Wilson raid and the l)attle of N.ashville, with his regiment he was ordered to Clinton, Iowa, having been mustered out of the service at Nashville, August II. lMt;5, and was discharged at Clinton. He had entered the service as a private, and w.as mustered out as Duty Sergeant. With him had been his three brothers: James was killed in action; John died shortly after the war, from the effects of army life; and Peter is now living in the Slate of Washington. .\fler his disch.nrge Mr. Koontz returned to Jackson County, and eng.aged in farming, an-i \f7 lEUT. SAMUEL T. CAMERON, a promi- I (?§) nent. inttuential and afjhient farmer of ilL^^ Cooper Township, residing on section 4, was born in thecountj' of Waterloo, now Welling- ton, Upper Canada, January 1 7, 1834. His father William Cameron, a native of the same place, was born about 1804, and grew to manhood and adopted farming .as a calling, which he followed in the Dominion all his life. He was married in To- ronto, Canada, about 1823, to Miss Cecelia Bently, a native of Montreal, born about 1808, who died in Linn County, Iowa, in the spring of 1855. The}- had a family of four children — Charles, Emma de- ceased. Ann and Samuel T. The latter, the young- est child of his parents, received in youth an excel- lent education in the land of his birth, and until he attained his majority remained at home assisting his father in carrying on the farm. On reaching man's estate our subject came to the United St.ates and located in Linn County. Iowa, where he was engaged in farming until 1862, when, on the 1st of October, he enlisted in Company K. Sixth Iowa Cavalry. With the most of his regi- ment he p.assed the succeeding winter at Camp Ilendershott, Davenport, but on the 1st of May, 1863, came across tl>e State to Sioux City, and from there went into Dakota with the expeditions under Gen. Sully, participating in the engagements at White Stone Hill and Fallen Springs, and cam- paigned throughout the length and breadth of that great territory. In the fall of 18G4 the regiment went into camp at Sioux Cit}-, and in the spring Mr. Cameron was commissioned as Second Lieutenant of the Second United States Infantry', and pro- ceeded to Ft. Earned, Kan., where his company was stationed. Ten d.ays later he received orders from Gen. Sully to .again report at Sioux Cit}' to take command of the batter}- of the expedition which he was organizing, and started again from Sioux City on a campaign through the northern part of Da- kota to Devil's Lake, and through the Moose River Country. While on the march they received no-; tive that Capt. Fisk with his company, was sur- rounded near the Black Hills, some two hundred and eight^'-eight miles from Ft. Rice, from which point, after reaching there, with two pieces of ar- tiller}-, Lieut. Cameron proceeded with the troops under Col. Dill to the scene of the conflict, and rescued the imperiled men. Returning to Sioux City late in the fall he reported at Ft. Leavenworth, Kan., where he was mustered out of the service, Nov. 27, 1865, and returning to Linn Count}', sold his property and removed to Hamilton County, this State, whence three months later, he removed to his present residence on section 4, Cooper Township. He has a farm of some five hundred and forty acres, a large share of which is improved where he carries on an extensive stock business. Mr. Cameron was married in 1849, in Canada, to Miss Sarah Rice, a native of Waterloo County, that Dominion, and the daughter of Charles Rice. They have a family of eight children — Charles IL, Robert, Priscilla, .Jane, William, David D., Clara and M.ark M. ^f'UHX KLWELL, deceased, an old pioneer of Onawa and a former business man of that village, came to Monona County in the fall of US.VJ with a stock of goods which he sold on commission for Kirk . ( )ur subject received .•» pr.ictieal cs Leweso Scott, a native of Canton, 111., born March .'{, 1853, who is the mother of seven children, of whom the following is a record: .James A., lH>ni May 18, 1875; .Jennie I)., November 2G, I87(); Matilda C, .January 30. 1879; Olive M., August 23, 1881; .luhn. May 14. 1883; Charlie. April 17. 1886; and Lewese. July 2'K 1888. ^♦lH<^— ELI.lNc; 1H(>KI>(>N. In .March 1807. the subject of this e|>ilome, a leading farmer of Willow Township, in company with Halver .Strand, came from La Crosse County, Wis., to Monona County, in search of a kn^ation in which to settle, and after a three weeks' visit, returned to his home in the Badger .Slate. Both gentlemen, at once, took steps towards moving to this locality, and about the middle of -July, in e<>rapany with (He K. .Strand and others, they returned to Monona County. Mr. Thoreson hn-ated on the farm where he now lives, but took up his residence in a small log cabin which he had built on section 32, across the line in Soldier rown>hip. In 1881 he put up his present residence, a neat and tasty farm hous4>. on section 5. Willow Township, where he now 606 MONONA COUNTY. makes his home. I le purchased , at first, some fort}' acres of land, to wliich he has added until liis prop- erty now Lmhraces three hundred and twenty acres in the liome farm, and about fifty acres more of hav land on tlie Soldier Rivrr. These above men- tioned were the pioneers of the Norwegian settle- ment in this part of the county. Mr. Thoreson, the son of Thorand Thora EUing- son. was born in Norway, March 17, 18.-i2, and re- ceived his education and early training in that country. June 1, 1856, he crossed the ocean to the United States, and on landing on Columbia's shore, came at once to Wisconsin, and settled in Manito- woc County. After working in the pineries for about a j^ear, he removed to Dane County, in the same State, where, for two years, he found employ- ment al farm labor, and then removed to La Crosse County. After laboring in the same way for about a year in liiat locality, he rented a farm, and three years Later purcliased a piece of land upon which he made his home until coming to Monona County as above noted. Mr. Thoreson was united in marriage in Norwa}'. in February, IS.'ili, with Rliss Cure Johnson, the daughter of John and Ingebur Ingerbretson, and by this union they have one child, Nettie. ^^ AUL OTTO, a farmer re (j(^, 15, Franklin Townshij), \^^ County in 1 872. arriving AUL OTTO, a farmer residing on section came to Monona it}- in 1 8 72. arriving at Onawa, where he located December 21. of that year. He was engaged in various kinds of labor until the sjjring of 1875, when, having purchased a team, he rented a farm of Hon. Addison Oliver and com- menced its cultivation. He remained upon that piece of land until I88.'5, when he removed to his present home, having [nirchased tiie propertj- the year previous. To his original investment in eighty acres he has since added from time to time until he now owns some two hundred acres of as good land as tiiere is in the count}-. He has it under an excellent stale of cultivation, and all of the im- provements are of an excellent character. Jn Prussia, Germany, March 6, 1843, Mr. Olto was born beneath the roof of his parents, August and Mary (Ollett) Otto, who were also natives of that kingdom. The mother died in the old coun- try in February, 1873, after which the father of our subject, who was a bricklayer by trade, came to the United States and settled in Niagara County, N, Y., where he died in March, 1879. Both pa- rents were members of the Lutheran Church. Carl Otto grew to manhood in his native coun- try, and owing to the poverty of his parents could only give a portion of his time to acquiring an ed- ucation. As soon as he had leached an age when it was possible he commenced working out on the neighboring farms, and at whatever he could turn his hand to. In 1872, after his mother's death, he came to the United States vvith his father, landing at New York City April 18. The succeeding seven months he spent in Niagara County, in the same State, after which he came to Monona County, as above stated. Mr. Otto was married in Germany-. April 7, 18()(;. to Miss Augusta Hier, who was born in that Em- pire, .September 19, 1848. By this union they are the parents of four children — William, born May 3, 1868; Minnie, Juue 5, 1870; Charles, January 10, 1880, aud Albert, January 29, 1881. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and in politics Mr. Otto is a Democrat. Mrs. Otto is a daughter of Charles and Mary (Heins) Hier, natives of Germany, her father born in 1814, and her mother August 12,1812. The father died in the old country, October 9, 18G5. since which time the mother has made her home with Mrs. Otto. one ne bON. CHARLES C. BISBEE, deceased, oi ! of the pioneers of Jlonona County, and o _,j^ of its most valued citizens, who was mai (^J limes called ui)ou to fill some of the im))ort- ant ollices in the county in au early day, w;is born in Genesee County, at the town of Bethany. Jan- uar}' 1.1813. He received some education in his early youth, hut his lather dying when our subject was but a child, he was bound out by his mother. MONONA COl'NTY. <,how. Thomas IJisbee was born in Sainlwieh. F.ng- land, and came to America in IC.'M. settling in Scitnate. Ma?s. He had a son by the name of Flislia "The (! lover of Marshfield," who was prf>Tni- nenl at tin- taking of Louishurg. His son, Hope- still, had a soi. ,,^ ,,,■■ u-.r.,,,- oi .lulm, wlio was ilie father of .lohn Hisbee, and they were both farmers in Pembroke, Mass. The latter's son, .John, Ihe grandfather of C. C. Hisbee, died at the age of fifty-two years, leaving seven children — Koxana. Belinda. Rizpnii. Ch.arles. .bison. .lotliam and Pat- tie. Charles Hisbee, the father of Charle.s C.. ilied at the age of forty -one, leaving three children, our subject. Rosy and DeWitt. On his mother's side our subject was of Knglish and Irish e.vtraetion. his maternal grandfather. Sanders, by name, beinir a descendant, in the second generation, from a "^en- Ueman of that name, who came fnmi Fngland. an;a coukty. (lien, was iear('» 4 — 1 at ^ to >o — ■» |< - ^\ TKrilKN M. BLACK.MAN. «)neof the most enterprising, prosperous farmers and large land owners of Monona County is the gentleman of whose life a brief sketch is here given and who is a resident upon sectihen Hlackman. a native of Kngland. The latter, born December 2. 1784. was a soldier in the British army, came to America with the troops during the second war with the I'nited States in 1812-15, and receiving his di^charge here, settled in Cauaila. and there married Miss Deborah Barnliam. September ■>2, 1«IT. In lH.34he came to the I nit^d States. He became a convert to the Mormon faith and a follower of .loseph Smith, of the Churdi of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and reraovel,and died January 12, 1850. (Ieorge J. Blackmail, the father of our subject, removed with his parents to Nauvoo, 111., and from there to Council Bluffs. In the latter city, June II, 1«50, he was united in marriage with Miss Harriet Staley, a native of Buffalo, N. Y., who was born July 1). 1829, and was the daughter of Conrad and Hannah (Tripp) Staley. Her parents were born at Krie, N. Y.. the former .lanuary 1. 1802, and the latter .January 24, 1801, and dietl, hor father October 8, 1840, and her mother August 24, 1835. They were married in New York State September 15, 1822, and were the parents of two boys and two girls. George .1. Blackmail settled at Magnolia, Harrison County, in 1H51, and was one of the pioneers of that section, where he is still living, engaged in farming and fruit raising. He and his family are still members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Da\- .Saints. Ste|)hen M. Blackmnn. the eldest in a family of nine children, was reared upon a farm in Harrison County and after receiving the rudiments of his education in the jnoneer district schools, finished at the Magnolia High School. At the age of twenty years he commenced life, teaching school for sev- eral yeart in Harrison County and in Spring X'alley Townslii|), this county, having come here in the spring of 1873. Hg followed farming during the summers and tea<-liiiig in the winter months. He was married in Harrison County, April 13, 1873, to Miss Almira Jarvis, a native of Jo Daviess County. Wis., born December 23.1853, and with his young wife settled on the west half of the north- west quarter of section 22, .Spring Valley, on land which formerly belonged to his grandfather. Here his daughter, Hatlie A., was born October 28. 1M74. and here the mother died November 4, 1874. Kn- gaged ill tilling the soil and building up his for- tunes, Mr. Blackmail h.as made his residence here ever since and has highly prospered in all his un- dertakings, his success being the result of remarka- ble industry coupled with a natural business ability and foresight and he is to-day, ratecl among the allluent ami well U> do people of the county. .September 20, 1877 Mr. Blackmail again essayed matrimony, lieiiig united with .Miss Mary K. Ken- nedy, a native of Crawford County, Iowa, and the daughtrr of .Samuel O. and Mary (lloaorth) Ken- ned v. and who w.as born June 2, I85C. Her father GIO ]^ro^o^'A county. a native of Pittsburgli. Pa., born .September4, 1831, was of Irisli descent, bis father, Ciiarles Kennedy, liaving been born in that Island. Her mother, Mrs. Mar^' (Iloworth) Kennedy, a native of Eng- land was born November 1.3, 18.33, and came to America with her p.iients, when some nine j'ears old, and settled in Crawford County, Iowa, where she and Mr. Kennedy was the first couple married. The father died in Crawford Count}- in 1859, and the mother afterwards married John B. Moorhead, a prominent farmer of Spring Valley Township, mentioned elsewhere in the pages of this volume. She was the mother of two children: Mrs. Black- man and Ida A., the wife of George Pugslej- of Harrison County. Mr. and Mrs. Blackman have been the parents of three children: Frank JI., born September 12, 1879; George B., March 3. 1882; and Clay E., February 1, 188G. Mr. Blackman has never been a member of any church, is a Democrat in politics, of prohibition proclivities and has had thrust upon him several local offices, which he has felt it his duty to accept, chief among which is that of Trustee, Township Clerk, etc. He is the present Secretaiy of the school board of the district township, and gives considerable time and .attention to educational matters. •J^}^' S^DWIN .7. HULL, a substantial and well-to- ||U) do farmer of Willow Township, is actively /I' — ^ identified with the agricultural interests of the county. He was born in New Haven County, Conn., December 23, 1838, and is the son of David and Rebecca A. (Tuttle) Hull, representatives of one of the historic families of this country. When about thirteen years of age, he removed with his parents to Branch Countj', Mich., and five j-ears later with them to Johnson County, Iowa. He re- niaine(1 beneath the home roof-tree until April 24, 1861, when he started across the plains with an ox team, bound for California's golden shore. Start- ing in April, on the 23d of September he reached the Umatilla Indian reservation, Oregon, where he remained until .huie of the following year, and then went into mining at Auburn, Ore. From there, in December, he removed to Grand Round Valley, where he entered a piece of land, upon which he lived until 1865, at which date he went to Boise Count}', Idaho, and again engaged in mining. In the latter place he remained until the fall of 1876, except the winter of 1869-70, which he spent with his father in Iowa County, this State, but in the fall of 1876. he came to Monona Count}' and settled on a rented farm in AVillow Township, where he lived for about three }'ears. Taking up his home on section 16, he then commenced its improvement, and as soon as it was in the market, in 1884, pur- chased it, and has there made his home ever since. Mr. Hull was married March 6, 1870, in Keokuk County, Iowa, to Miss Harriet Irwin, and they are the parents of six children: Mary E.. William L., George R., Ruby M., David J. and Estella M. ILLIAM WININGER came to Monona County in the fall of 1871, and settled on the farm where he now resides, on section 15, Willow Township. Of iiis farm of fort}- acres, which ho had purchased a short time previous, he broke about twelve acres the following spring, and put up a small house. To this land he has adtled un- til he now owns some two hundred acres, which is well improved. When he came here there were but few settlers, probably only about six families. Mr. Wininger was born in Seneca County, Ohio, February 8, 1841, and is the son of Adam and Mary (Sheller) Wininger. He remained at home with his parents until August 15, 1861. when, in response to the needs of his country, he enlisted in Company E, Forty-ninth Ohio Infantry, and. being mustered into the service at TifHn. was forwarded to the scene of hostilities in Kentucky. The noble regiment of which he was a part, formed a portion of the column under General Buell, who re-enforced General Grant at .Shiloh. and participated in the eng.agemenl of the second day, when the tide of the rebellious hordes was turned backward. About the 1st of May following, our subject was taken sick and was sent tc the hospital, and from there sent MONONA COUNTY. CI 1 home oil a furlough. Rejoining liis regiment on convalescence, he eugaijed in the march over tlie Cumberland Mountain, and wsis again taken sick and carried in an ambulance to Mnrfreesboro, and from the latter sent to Nashville, Tenn. November 20. 18G2, he was discharged for disability, and re- turned to Mercer Count}', Ohio, whither his parents had removed, and there remained until the fall of IHOIi. He then returned to the county of bis birth. In the spring of 18('i5, ho came to Iowa, locating in Iowa County, and in 1870 removed to Montgomery County, Kan., where he remained until coming to Monona County, as above staled. Mr. Wininger w.as united in marriage October 28, 18G8. at Iowa City, Iowa, with Miss N.ancy E. Uumple, the daughter of William and Mary J. Rumple, and their home has been blessed by the advent of one child, Althea M., born February' 16, 1872. I JAMKS P. UTTKRBACK, one of the enter- prising members of the farming community of Lake Townshii), has his home on section 28. lie is engageil i'l farming and general stock-raising, and is one of the most respected and esteemed citizens of that portion of the county. Mr. Ultcrback w,as born in Indiana, December 3, 1848, and is the son of Charles anil liliza I'ttcr- back. When he was quite a small boy he removed with his parents to Mills County, Iowa, where he grew lo manhood, receiving his education in the district schools. Reared upon a farm, his attention was early l)rouglit to bear upon that subject, and he was iniliateil in his youth into all the hardships attandnnt on an agricultural life. He remained at home assisting his father in carrying on the farm, until his marriage, which took place December I'.t, 18GD, at which lime he led to the altar Miss June Cummings, a daughter of R. T. and Mary Cura- mings. The young couple settled n(ion a farm in the neighborhood, which he had rented, anc there made their home until .Vptember. 1873. when they came to Monona County. Lociting at first on a leasetl farm in Lincoln Township, be remained there one year and a half, but in the spring of 1 m7.'i he came to Lake Township. He purchased a farm on section 29. which he improved and cultivated until the autumn of 1884, and then disposed of it and bought the land in section 28, where he now lives. Mr. and Mrs. Utterback are the parents of eight children, as follows: James .S.. Oliver II.. Clyde A.. U'urren I.. Sarali II., Mary S.. aii'l Wallace A., and Walter A., twins. .„i:.,,,.i m \/-Jl' carrying (m the blacksmith business at On- W^ awa, w;is born in Jefferson County, Iowa. December 15. 185J.ainI is a son of llenrvnnil .Marv 612 MONONA COUNTY. Jane (Harper) Moore, natives of Count}' T\ rone. Ireland. After llicir marriage his parents immigra- ted to America in May, \8:}>i, and after landing at New York, proceeded to tlie neighborliood of Cin- ciniiiiti, Ohio, where the father engaged in farming. In 1849 or '50 the}' removed to Iowa ami settled in Jefferson Count}'. In 1862 they went to Deca- tur County, and in 1803 settled in Ringgold County wheie they died, the mother in May, 1885, and the father in 1885. They were the parents of ten chil- dren: Nanc-}-. Thomas II., Margaret, deceased; .Mary J., Henry K., Elizabeth S., Emily N., George W., Benjamin C. and William F. The parents were members of the United Brethren Church. Our subject remained at home until attaining his twenty-third year, when he engaged in farming for himself in Decatur County, and there he remained until 1879. He then removed to Ringgold County, and for tiiree years he followed the same line of life. Tiie next two years he spent in Adair County, but in July, 1885, came to Onawa aud purchased a half interest in the blacksmith-shop with Garrett Ingcrsoli. In the fall of 1887 Mr. Moore pur- chased the other h.alf interest, and has carried on tiie business since that date. Mr. Moore was united in marriage January 19, 1876, with Miss ]\Iartha A. Lamb, who was born in VYajjello County, Iowa, in March 1857. They are the parents of four children: Warren H., born Feb- ruary 14,1878; Lucy G.. June 15. 1881; Jennie M., June 18, 1883; and Charles A., October 14, 1884. OHN BROOKFIELD GARD. Among the very earliest settlers of Monona County, was the gentleman whose name heads this _ sketch, who came here in 1852. He carae from Cass County, Mich., and settled on section 20, Franklin Township. The land was all surveyed but had not yet been placed in market. He took u[) a claim upon which he built a log cabin about 18.\20 feet in size, with i)uncheon floor, and roofed it with shingles split out by hand from bolts sawed out from Cottonwood trees. When tiie land came into market, lie entered some seven hundred acres, a small portion of which he brought under culti- vation. Into the house which he had built he re- moved his family, consisting of a wife and eight children, four boys and four girls, in February. 1853. He carae from Michigan with the intention of going to Oregon, but on his arrival at Council Bluffs, was engaged to haul supjJies to .Sioux City for tiie Indian agents. In crossing this county he stopped at the house of Aaron Cook, on section 30, Franklin Township. Seeing the advantages of this country for stock-raising,as cattle could be win- tered without hay, they living on the rush beds tl'.roiigh the winter, he decided to settle here. He lived on his farm until 1859, with the exception of one year, when having built a house in Onawa, in which John E. Sellick now lives, he made his resi- dence there. During the Pike s Peak excitement he went to Colorado, remaining about two years, and then went to Idaho. A few years later he re- turned to Loveland, Larimer County, Col., where he is now living. He was naturally of a restless temperament and a great traveler, and in 1846 crossed the plains to Oregon, and after passing the winter there, returned home by the same route. About 1849 he went overland to California, re- turning by water. Having considerable means when he came to this locality, he took an active part in the organization of the Monona Land Company, and was of great benefit in the community. He was an upright man and his word w.asasgood as his bond, and, although possessing but a limited education, had the rare fac- ulty of conveying his meaning in a few words in conversation or writing. He was born near the State line in L'niou County, Ind., and removed in an early day with his f.ather's family, who settled at St. Joseph. Berrien County, Mich. RANK HAWKINS, proprietor of the new meat market at Onawa, came to that vill.age in October, 1874, and worked at his trade of carpenter for some two years. He then took up farming as an avocation, which calling he followed MONONA COUNTY. 613 for three years, wlieii. reUirniiig to tiic village, for two years was engageil in blacksinitliiiig. Putting in a biilianl hall, he cuntinued in its management until February 15, 188H, when he purchaseil his present business, which had been cslnblislietl by F. C Case, Jr., the previous December. Mr. Hawkins was born in Buchanan County, Mo., .liinuary 24, 1853. and is a son of William and .Sarah (Martin) Hawkins. His parents, who were natives of Kligland, came to the United States in lS4!t. landing at New Orleans, from which they came by river to St. Joseph. Mo. His mother died at Savannah, Andrew County, Mo., in 1859, having been the ninlher of five children, of whom our sub- ject was the second. His father still makes his home at N'oris, Buchanan County, being the present I'ostm.aster of that village. Our subject grew to manhood in his native Slate, and after receiving an education in its common scIkidIs, learned the carpenter's trade in 1874 at which business he was employed until coming to Onawa. He was married November 18. 1878, to Miss Ida O'Connor, a native of Cedar Falls, Hlai k Hawk County, Iowa, who was born April 12. 18G."?, nd is the daughter of Frank O'Connor of Onawa. I'hey have had five children: Bert, born January I'.t, 1880; John II.. M.ay 1«. 18Hl;<;ien, born April 23, 1883, died M.ay 15, 1885; Rosa, bom March 2, 1HM5: and Katie, January 24, 1.H89. -^ ^^-£^. V— ZHA DK AV'OLF, a prominent, energetic and successful farmer of Mai)le Township, was born in Krie County, I'a., M.ay 19, 1840, ■lid is the son of Hiram andSibel De Wolf. In his "Ulh he received a good practical education in the ■ >mmon schools for which the Keystone Stale is noted, and grew to manhood in his native county. ■ Ml attaining his majority, although reared a farmer, ■ • adoiiled engineering and bridge buihling as a 'illiug, which he followed in the oil regions of I'cnsylvania until 18G7. In search of a larger field fur his efforts, fur he determined to resume farming, ho came to Iowa, and locating in Linn County, en- jfigeil in agricullurc and there made his home until October, 1882, when he removed to Monona County, and the following February settled on the farm upon which he now lives, on section 25. He has a One properly, emiiracing some two hundred and forty- five acres, lying all in the township, which is well c'lltivated and imiiroved. In politics he is a He- publican, and is tilling the position of Township Clerk and has been the President of the ilistricl school board for three years. He is a member of Quarry Lodge, No. 404, A. F. i A. .M., and the secretar}' of Maple Valley Fanner's Alliance. Mr. De \\ olf was united in marriage August 20. 1867, with Miss Annie F,. Kelso, a native of Erie County. Pa., who was born Juno 18, 1840. By this union they have had six chihiren, born upon the following dates: Lillie May, June 13, 18G8; Albert K., November 13, 1869; Sarah F.. February 6, 1872; Isora, May 25, 1875; Fllie, Novemlier 20, 1879; and Edith M., September 24, 1883. Mr. De Wolf is engaged in general farming anrl stock-raising, and has met with a great success since coming to this locality, and has grown deservedly popular with the better class of people in the community. ■^-S^^X- JULIUS WAKKEN COX, M.D.. a practicing physician and surgeon, located at Mapleton, came to that vill.ige in May, 1884. and en- tered upon (he duties of his profession. He is a native of Peoria County. III., born October 7. 1855, and is n son of William and Rachel (Walter) Cox, natives of Ohio and West Virginia, respec- tively. His parents, when married, in Indiana, settled in 1848 in Peoria Count}-, 111., upon a farm, where the father dieil in May, 1881. The mother is still living in the same locality'. The Doctor, who was the fourth in a family of eleven chihiren, was reared to mimhood upon his fjither's farm, attending the common schools in his youth. In the spring of 1877, he commenced life as a drug clerk at Smilhville. 111., whoro he remained some three years ami a half. After attending Amity College, in Page Count}-. Iowa, for a year, he entered the Medical Department of the Iowa 614 MONONA COUNTY. State University, at Iowa City, October 1. 1880. in which he remained one term. He tiien returned to Page Count}' and resumed iiis duties as drug clerk, and remained there until tiie fall of 1883. at which date he removed to Banbury, Woodbury C'ountj-, and engaged in the practice of medicine. From tiie latter place he came to Mapleton, as already staled. In the fall of 1885, he re-entered tiie State I'niversity, from which he was finally graduated March 3, 1886. lie is a member of Monte Cristo Lodge, No. 205, K. of P., of which he was one of the organizers and charter members. Dr. Cox was married October 20, 1886, at Mapleton, to Miss Cora Bridges, a native of Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, who was born August 7, 1869, and is a daughter of John T. and Mary (Kline) Bridges. They are the parents of one child, Lewis Monroe, born October 24, 1887. -J^^* ,^^1 A:MUEL POLLY, M. I)., a practicing phy- ^^^^ sician and surgeon, residing on section 2 6 ll\/jj) in the town of Fairview. is a native of GrcGnville, Darke County. Ohio, and was born November 29, 1821. His father, James P0II3', was a farmer in his earlier days, but later in life engaged in the mercantile trade. The latter was horn October 18. 1801, and was the son of William and Jemima Polly, the father of whom was born December 24, 1776, and died January 13,1847; the mother, born December 22, 1778, died Decem- ber 22, 1840. The mother of our subject Priscilla (Owens) Polly, was born September 25, 1803, and was the daughter of Samuel and Libbic (Bell) Owens, natives of Kentucky, both of whom died in Darke County, Ohio. In his youth Dr. Samuel Polly attendeil school and assisted upon the farm, where he remained un- til nineteen years of age. Fcbruar_v 4, 1841, he was united in marriage with Anna ^lote, a native of Ohio, and the daughter of Jonathan and Susan- nah (Kesler) Mote, the former of whom was born in Georgia and removed with his paionts to Ohio at the age of fourteen; the latter was a native of North Carolina. About a month after his iiiai- riage Samuel commenced housekeeping on]his fath- er's farm, near Greenville, on the day that W. II. Harrison was inaugurated President, and engaged in agricultural pursuits and in working at the car- penter's trade, for about two years. At the expi- ration of that time he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Samuel Downing at .Salem, Ran- dolph Count}', iu the same State, and on the 7th of March, 1847, commenced practice in partner- ship with his late instructor. Three years later the firm was dissolved, but Dr. Polly still carried on his practice in the same localitj' until the fall of 1855, when he removed to Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa. Until June 4, 1872, he was ranked among the leading pln'sicians of [that locality. He then came to Monona County and located on section 25. Fairview Township, still following his profession. In the spring of 1881, the river having washed away the greater part of his farm, he removed the buildings to another piece owned b\' him on section 26, where he now lives. By a common freak the river, by its change of course has again restored most of the land, which is becoming quite valuable for pasture, timber, etc. In connection with his practice he has always owned several farms, whose operations he carries on under his own supervision. The Doctor and Mrs. Polly are the parents of five children — Ephraim E., born February 9, 1842; Pris- cilla B.. Februarj' 26, 1844; James, born Februar\' 13, 1846, and died September 7 following; Curtis, born Februarj- 12. 1848; and Jonathan, June 5, 1850. The Doctor is a stanch Repnlilican in poli- tics, and a strong advocate of prohibition. ■[, ^ ENRY KRATZ. one of the enterprising farmers of Franklin Township, having his home on section 19, was born in Germany, September 8. 1846. 11 is parents, Jolin Philip and Jlary Catharine Kratz, were both natives of the German Empire, who left the vine-clad hills of the land of their birth and came to the New World in search of a home in 1851. They settled in Pottawattamie County, this State, where they re- mained luitil 185(), at which date thcv came to Mo- MONONA COUNTY. i;i: nona CounU'. being among its earliest pioneers, and loealeil on the soulli half of the southeast i|iiarli'r of section 20. Here the fatlier died in January, 1866. The mother is still living, and resides at Randolph. Cedar County, Neli. Henry Kratz was the third child in a fauTily of six born to his parents, and crossed the stormy At- lantic with the family in lf<51. The d.ays of his youth were i)assed in Pottawattamie and this county, receiving his education in the pioneer schools of the period. These rude cradles of learn- ing we;e erected of unhewn logs and covered in with a dirt rcof. Later on lie attended school at Onawa. During the trying times of the late Civil War, Henry Kratz's heart beat in response to the calls of his adopted country, and in Sepleuiher. I 8(14. ho enlisted in Company- 1. Kifleentli Iowa Infantry, and joined his regiment at Atlanta, Ga. He par- ticipated witli that heroic body of men in their march through the heart of the Confederacy to the sea, under their matchless leader, General Sherman, and in all the battles and skirmishes of that famous campaign. After taking part in the Grand Ueview at Washington in the summer of 1865, he was mustered out of service, receiving his discharge at Davenport, Iowa, September .5, 1865. He imme- diately returned to his home in this county and re?ume(l his .igricultural labors. He hits but a small farm, but devoting the liulk of his attention to the raising of small fruit for the market, derives consid- erable revenue from it. Mr. Kratz was married .lune 3, 1872. to Miss Martha A. Hrown. The lady was born in Ohio, .lanuary 30. lM56.and is a daughter of .lames and I'riscilla (Hobinet) lirown. the father a native of Kentucky and the mother of Virginia, who were married in Ohio, and settled in Iowa Countv, this State, in 1857. The family came to Monona County in 1869, and located in West Fork Township, but a short time after removed tii l-'ranklin Township, and engaged in farming. Her father died here March 5. 1885. having attained the age of eighty years; her mother still resides here in the township. Both were members of the Methodist Kpiscopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Kratz have been the parents of seven children — Ida .1.. born .September 16, 1872, who died Octolier 3. 1873; Klizabeth. born .(uly 5. 1874, who died February 5, 1875; Fva, born Au- gusts, 1875; Frank A., Augusts. 1876; Sarah .1., September 5. 1878. who died February 5, 1880; Willie, born February 16, 1882, who died in July, 1882; and John K., born July 28, 1883. Mr. Kratz was one of the charter members of Hanscom Post, No. 'J7, G. A. R., at Oiiawa. with which he still holds connection. -^^3-G<^ -i— LFRED H. STRAND, an imlustrious far- mer living on section 16, in the town of Fairview, w.as born in LaCrosse County. Wis.. February 1, 1857. and is the son of Halvor H. .Strand, a native of Norway, who had come to America, and settled in that section where he carried on a farm. In the fall of 1873, our subject, with his parents, came to Monona County, and settled in the town of Fairview on section 10, where the father was engaged in agriculture. Alfred was employed in assisting in carrying on the farm, and in attend- ance upon the district schools until 1K78. when he went to Minneapolis, Minn., and spent three years, at the Augsburg .Seminary. In the summer of 1881, he returned to the county of his birth and was employed in farm labor until the fall, when, returning to Fairview Township, he taught in school district No. 1, the fall a:ul succeeding sum- mer terras. After an attendance of five months at the .Sioux City High .School, he again took up school teaching, which he followed until his mar- riage. This latter event took place June '2, 1881, at which time he wedded Miss Lena (iulliekson, the daughter of Knud and .Maria Gullickson, na- tives of Norway. Shortly aft«r this the young couple removed to \'alley City, Harnes County. Dak., but after farming there until the 1st of September, fol- lowing not linding the country up to his idea, lie re- turnecl to Fairview Township, and rented his father- inlaw's farm. He was em|)loyed in agricultural toil on rented farms and in teaching school, until .March 20. 188'.i. when he purchased one hundrcl 61fi MONONA COUNTY. acres of improved land, on sections 16. 21 and 23, Fairvicw Township, where he is at present living. Mr. and Mrs. Strand have had three children — Herbert M., who was born August 23, 1885, died May 12, 1887; Edgar R., born June 24. 1887, died August 29, 1888; and Samuel L., born March 31, 1889. Mr. Strand is a Republican in politics, has held the olTice of Town Clerk since 1883, and has also held the office of Justice of the Peace, and is a Notary Public. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutlierau Church. Ji\ RS. MARTHA GLENN, nee KENNEDY, is the only surviving child of Thomas and A. INIelsina (Thompson) Kennedy, both of whom are deceased. She was born at (Juincy, Adams Count3', 111. May 6, 1863, and came to Monona County with her parents when about seven j-ears of age. Here she was reared, re- ceiving her education in the common schools and in the higher educational institutions at Onawa, and September 9, 1880, was united in marriage with Robert Glenn, a native of Ireland, and is the parent of one child, Thomas K., born August 31, 1881. Mrs. Glenn is the owner of her father's homestead, to which she h.as added until it now con- tains three hundred and thirty-'.lve acres, on sec- tions 19 and 20, all of which is well improved, and h.as a fine residence and three good tennnt houses upon it. Vr/ASPER P.OUSLAUGH, the son of Joseph R. and Margaret (Thomas) Bouslnugh, was born in Darke County, Ind., November 17, 1841. He removed in his childhood with his |)arents to Ohio, and Illinois, and in 1855 to Polk County, lown. In the fall of 1859, he ac- comp.aiiied his father and brothers to Monona County, and was engaged in working on the farm at the breaking out of the Civil AVar. November 13, 1862, he enlisted in Com|)any E, Sixth Iowa Cavalrj', at Old Mapleton. lowi. but after a two months service, re-enlisted in Company E, Thir- teenth Fnited States Regular Infantry, in which he served tluee j-ears. Mr. Bouslaugh was mustered out an'l discharged with his regiment at Fort Riley, Kan.. November 13, 1865. Mr. Bouslaugh was married May 29, 1866, to Miss INIartha A. McClarrey, a native of Indiana, who was born May 29. 1850, and is the daughter of William McClarre}-, who is a native of Kentucky, resident of Maple Township, this county, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Bouslaugh have a family- of seven children, as follows: — George G.,. Newton N.. William W., Chancery C. Paul P.. Leona L., and Eliza E. ^I^'RANCIS MARION IIOLDEN, who is en- it^tS' gaged in farming on section 10, Jordan /JLj Township, was born near Primrose. Dane County, Wis., July 9, 1853,aud is the sou of Iraaud Phoebe (Phillips) Ilolden. His father was born in New Hampshire; in 1800, and was reared to man- hood in his native State, where he was engaged in agriculture until about 1840, and then moved Westward and settled in Wisconsin. In the latter State he was married in 1851, and made his resi- dence in Dane County, until coming to this county ill 1863, and here made his home until overtaken by death, in the fall of 1885. Tiie mother of our subject was born on the shores of the lake, in Mich- igan, in December, 1829, and was the daughter of Alonzo Phillips, and the mother of three children — Francis M. ; Lillian J., who died October 23, 1887; and Winfield Scott, whose death took place in 1881. Francis M., the eldest child of his parents, at the age of ten years came to Monona County with them, and December 20, 1863, the family located in Soldier Township. Here our subject grew to manhood and 1)3' persistent efforts and perseverance, managed to obtain a common school education. At the age of twentj' years, renting a farm on section 18, St. Clair Township, he commenced life for him- self and there, and in Sioux Township, carried on farming operations for about four years. Remov- ing to Kennebec Township, he purchased one luui- MONONA COUNTY. 617 (lrc'1 and sixty acres of land on section 32. where lie made liis Imme until 1885, when he sohl out to V. I,. Day and moved to iiis present location, and now lias some eijihty acres of land, sixt^" of wiiicli is under cullivalion. Mr. Ilolden was ninrried on Septenilier .'), 187.'5. to Miss Nancy E. Mmilaijue. the dani^liter of Tleorfje and Fannie (Andrews) Montague, who was born in Indian Territory. The\' are the parents of five ciiihlrei', horn on the followinj; dates: Lottie Stella, March '2'J. 187,^: lieorge Albert, November 12, 1877; Francis Fldridge, July 24. 1880; Bessie Maud. October 25, 1882; and Alice, February 12. 188!». ■I : ^-tr-^ i '. -^ Vip^KWKLL A. WlllTINt;. the leading hard- I )/J ^^'"'''^ dealer of Ouawa, and one of its most %/Mt prominent and wealthy citizens, is one of the early pioneers of Jlonona County. He carae here in 1856 on account of the interest which he had in some seven thousand .leres of lancl held by him and his brother Chailes IC. After remaining a short time he returned to Alabama, but the next year came back to Monona County arriving in this place April 21, 1857. He says that upon that day there was snow upon the bluffs on either side of the river, and that the spring was soI)ackward that there was no feed for the stock until Jlay, but they hail an abundant crop that year. He tried farming for about a year, but finding out that that calling was not his forte, he came to Onawa and engaged in the mercantile business, in which he continued about four years. After that he did but little, ex- cept looking after his landed interests, until .lanuary 1. 18(;8, when, in company with .Stephen Gerrard he established his present hardware business. After the death of his partner he purch:ised the hitter's interest, and since that date has carried on the business alone, and is the leading merchant in that line, in the village. Mr. Whiting was born in the town of ISutlernuts, Otsego County, N. Y., Ma:-eh 4, 182.'{. and is a son of Charles and l.orinda { Kveltlh) Whiting, both of whom were natives of Princeton, Worcester County, Mass. When onr subject wnsaoout a year old, his parents removed l<> Wayne County. N. Y.. Jind in 18.37 to Lake County, Ohio, and in the latter he grew to manhood, receiving his education in the district schools, .it the Western Ueserve .Seminary, at Kirtland and at Oberlin, Ohio. After teaching school for al)out a year, in 1815, Mr. Whiting re- moved to New Market, Madison County. .\la., where his brother, Charles F., was then living, and there engaged in wagon-making and in the mer- cantile business with his luother. and in that village remained until 1855. In 185.'? Mr. Whiting came to Iowa and then purch.ised eleven hundred acres of land near Marengo, Iowa County, which he afterward sold, preferring to invest his money in land in Monona County. In company with his brother. Charles F., in the fall of 185G he erected a saw mill on section 20. Franklin Township, the machinery for which w.as brought up the river on boats. They operated this latter until (Jctober 1857. The father of our subject died in 1872, in Ohio, where the mother is still living, aged ninety j-ears. Mr. Whiting w.as united in marri.ige April 9, lS51,to Miss Fliza Criner, a native of !\Iadison County, Ala., who w.as born March 11. 18.33. and is the parent of three children — Eva M., Charles I., and Fstella. IIOMAS KFN.NKDY, decc-wed, at one time I one of the prominent and active members of the farming community of Sherman Township, was a native of Ireland, having been born in County Mayo, Decend)er 25. 18.34. On attaining the age of sixteen, he left the Hnierald Isle, and crossing the stormy ocean, landed on the free shores of America, at New York. After re- maining there a short time with his uncle, he went to Pennsylvania, and from there to Cleveland, Ohio, remaining in the latter place some two or three years. Determined to adopt farming, he re- moved to Adams County, III., where he followed that line of business for several years, when, mov- ing into the village of La Prairie, he engaged in contracting for the boring and excavating of wells. While a citizen of the latter place, in February, 1864, he cnli-i"l «- •' recruit in one of the famous 61' MONONA COUNTY. Illinois regiments, and served in the defense of his adopted country and (lag, until the close of the war. On being discharged, he returned to his home in Illinois, and shottl}^ after, removed to Fa_yette County, where he was engaged in farming for about four years. In February, 1870, he came to Monona Counljs and settled in Sherman Town- ship on a farm which he purchased on section 19. Mr. Kennedy, who was a very industrious and thrift^' man. added to his farm, and at the time of his death was the owner of one hundred and forty- eight acres of land. Mr. Kennedy was married December 16, 1850, to Miss A. Melsina Thompson, a native of Nashville. Tenn., wlio l)ecame the mother of four children, of whom Martha is the only survivor. She departed this life October 2, 1868, in Fayette County, 111., and January 6, 1870, Mr. Kennedy contracted a second matrimonial alliance, the lady being Mrs. Cinderella Cronk. nee Bennett, a native of North Carolina. Mr. Kennedy November 29, 1882, was seriously and mortallj" injured by a fall upou the ice, and after suffering for three days, died December 2, following, at his home in Sherman Township. ••^:>t!»> ^^ •«^5«t>> ~^S^ OIIN THOMAS, of Kennebec Townshi[i was well known to many of the old settlers; his grandparents were Moses Daniel and Sarah Thomas, who emigrated from Wales to Kackingliam, Richmond County, N. C. prior to the Revolution, and Mr. Thomas served in the Rev- olutionary Army. Henry Thomas, son of Moses Daniel, and father of the subject of this sketch, married his cousin, Esther Thomas, in Richmond County, N. C, and in l,s;53 emigrated with his family to Noxubee County. Miss., into the paradise of the Creek In- dians, will) have a legend that here was the Garden of Eden where the first Indians located. Their children were — Daniel. William, Henry, Elijah, Joseph, Robert, John, Jane, Rachel, Amanda, Har- riet and Catherine. He opened a [ilantatjon and raised cotton, shipped down the Tombigbee to Mo- bile, and had acres of peaches, which were dis- tilled into peach brand}', then a necessary aid to good digestion. John Thomas was born in Rich- mond County, N. C, December 10. 1821, and was married in May, 1843, to Eliza Jane Dunn, who w.as born March 4, 1824, and who was the daughter of William and Sophia Dunn, of Greensboro, Ala. Mr. Dunn was State Lecturer of the ^Masonic fraternit}', held in high esteem, and when he died was buried with all the honors of the brotherhood, and the Masons sent his widow and daughters, Eliza Jane and Elizabeth, to Gainesville, Ala., where the children were educated at a female academy. Mrs. Dunn died in Noxubee County, Miss. Mr. Dunn's beautifulh" silk-worked satin apron fell to Mrs. Thomas, and after her death it went to her sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Townsend, of Logan, Utah. Mrs. Townsend's husband is a son of the noted builder and hotel man.ager Townsend, who built and for j-ears managed tiie Townsend House in Salt Lake -City, and the first hotel at Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake. Henry Thomas, with all but one of his children, left the Creek Nation in Misssssippi in March 1845, and hired teams to take them to Memphis, where they took the steamer '-Osprey" up the Missis- sippi to Nauvoo, where they joined the saints, and with the exodus in 1846 crossed Iowa, and went into what was called Winter Quarters, in the Omaha Nation, on the site of the town of Florence. In 1847 all of the rest of the family went over the plains to Salt Lake, .and John moved to Coun- cil Bluffs, thence to St. Joseph. Mo., in the spring of 1848, returning to the Bluffs in the spring of 1853, and moving to Preparation in the fall of that year, where he lived until August, 1855, wiien a number of them left and settled on the Belvidere Bench and wintered there. In 1857 he moved on the Beaver, where he lived until April, 18C3, when he moved to the Bluffs. This Beaver farm wiis afterward occupied by W, A, Dorward. In Di - cember he moved to Little Sioux, and w.as engaged in making yokes and bows for the overland emi- gration to Colorado. In the spring of 1865 he moved up into Kenne- I MONONA COINTY. GI9 bee Towiisliii) .'tiiil rout laiul of W. W. Orilway, on wliftt is now cnlled Kvim'uII's Rcnc-li, moving to his homcsleail near Castana in May. IHlJd, and where he lias since made his home. Mrs. Thomas died .laniiary ;?. 18K7.and hiimlreds of llie old set- tlers will long remember her generous ami hos|»it- able ways anf late years Mr. Tlioinas lia.-, been eiigagetl in lireaehing in Kentucky and Tennessee during tin; winters and spending the vacations at the old homestead in Monona County. ^j^^x ELS B. OLSON. Among those who have ill jl' been so proniiiienliy idrnlified with the de- ll\_^g) velopment of Fairview Township, and who have so materially aided in bringing about its present prosperity, there is. perhaps, none who is a better representative than the gentleman whose name beads this sketch. He was born in the cen- tral part of Norway, about seventeen miles west of the city of Christiana, October 21, 1833, and is the son of Oleaiid Carry (Nelson) Olson. The father of our subject w.as a farmer, anil in assisting to carry on the farm and in securing a common-school education. Nels passed the morning of life. When about fifteen years of age the lat- ter came to the Tnited States in company with his oiliest brother, Ole, ami conimencee County, \Vis., and from there, in .Vpril. 18G7.liecnme to Monona County and piirch.'Lsed three hundred acres of Innd on section 15. Fairview Township, in partnershi)) 620 MONONA COUNTY. with his father-ill-law, L. L. Strand. Upon this he settled ill April. 18C8. In the division of tiie propertj-, which then took place, Mr. Olson took one hundred and fifty acres, part of which forms his present f:irra, and upon which he built a small house, some lC.x-22 feet in size. He is now the proprietor of three hundred and twenty acres, two hundred of which are under cultivation, and upon which he has a large and commodious house, good outbuildings, and four acres of grove. Mr. Olson was married November 25. 186.'), to ]Miss IMaiy Strand, and they have had a f.imily of twelve chil- fli-en — Olaf G., Lawrence, Daniel N., Clara (who died when about ten years of age). Xellie, Willie, Ida, Corie (deceased), Goodwin, Theodore, Albert, and Lorinda. Olaf G. is married, and is .'v clerk in the United States Clothing House, at Sioux City, Iowa. The b.alance are living at home. ^iOIlN A. OLSEN. who is engaged in farming on section 17, Willow Townshij). was born in Norway, .Tune 17, 1855. and is the son of Andrew and Mary Olsen. In his j-outh he received a fair education in the land of his birth, and there made his home until 1881. Being in ex- tremely limited eircunistances. and seeing no chance for him to lietter his condition under the institu- tions of his native land, he determined to come to America, and in the fall of that year started for the Great Republic. On landing on these shores he came at once to Monona County, and for some two years was engaged at farm labor in Spring Val- ley Township, where he acquired a knowledge of the Hinglish tongue and the American methods of business. At the expiration of that time, in part- nership with Peter Peterson, he purchased the farm upon which he now resides, and at once com- menced its improvement, fenced it, and erecting a small frame house, some 14x18 feet in (limensiou. Here he made his home until the fall of 1888, when, having purchased the interest of his partner, he erected a larger and more comfortable residence on another part of his farm, to which he removed, and there he has since made his home. Mr. Olsen was married March .3, 1883. to Miss ^leta Peterson, the daughter of Peter and Maren Martenson. Beginning with absolutely nothing, Mr. Olsen is justly proud of his success under the ben- eficent institutions of his .adopted country, and is now the owner of some two hundred and twent)' acres of land, which is well stocked and adorned with handsome and comfortable buildings. His success in life is the result of his own energy and industry, and is highly creditable to him. <& ItolLLIAM McC ANDLESS,a prominent mom- \/\ll/ ^'^'■' '^^ ^^^ farming communitj' of the town W^ of Lake, living on section 9, is a represen- tative of that shrewd, level-headed race, known as the Scotch-Irish. Jlr. McCandless was born in the north part of Ireland, Christmas day, December 25, 1826, and is the son of James and Mary McCandless. He re- mained with his parents, enjoying the educational facilities of the National schools, until he reached the age of eighteen 3'ears. At that time he immi- grated to America and settled near Albany, N. Y. There he remained for about four .years, after which he visited his native land, having all of a Celt's love for the Emerald Isle, and staid there about a year. Returning to America, after a short time spent at Albany, he removed to Ohio, where for four years he w.is engaged in contracting and building rail- roads. In November, 1857, he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson Counti' upon a farm which he made his home for something like seventeen 3'ears, and then came to Monona County, locating on sec- tion 9, in the town of Lake, where he now resides. This was in the fall of 1874. The land was totally unimproved at the time of his settlement on it as was most of that in the neighborhood. He at once entered upon its cultivation to bringini;- the [)rairie sod under subjection to the uses of man and has succeeded in placing it in a high state of cultiva- tion. Mr. McCandless .iiid .Miss Elizabeth Ece. the latter the daughter of William and Mary Fee, were united in marriage and are the parents of twelve MUNOxNA cor NT V. G2t cliildroii. as follows: William. .Inmcs. Maria, Mary, Andrew, Sainuol. Mnrllia, Kli/.aheth, Ainamla, Harry, Ilorliort, Aiitoiiolto, all livinj; except .lames, who was aeciduiilally sliot, in Johnson C'onnty, April .'5, 18713. The eireiimslnnces of the unfortu- nate event are about as follows: lie, with three of his. brothers and a young man named Frank Robertson, were out ehieken hunting together, .lames w.is down upon one knee and in shooling at a chicken missed it entirely. Uobertson being behind him and seeing the miss, threw up his pun and shot, and .lames ri.sing just as the gun went off. received the whole load at short range in the back of his head, killing him instantly. •)|i VOKY IJOACIl. deceased, who was a prominent resident of (J rant Township, and one of its l)ioneers. located in that portion of the county in 1K07. His father. Rev. Henry Loach, w.as born in Portsmouth, N. II., in April, 1787, and within the sound of the Atlantic surge, giew to manhood. Most of his schooling he had mastered himself, and at the age of twenty years, commenced teaching school. He was ordained minister of the Kree Will Baptist Church, and labored in the '•Vineyard of the Lord." in New Hampshire and Maine, for about forty-four years. He died ai Smitlitield, Me., in 18.01. At V.issalboro, Me., he was married about 1808, to Miss Nancy .Stephens, a native of that vil- lage, born .January 211, 1702, who left a family of nine children, of whom four are living: Albert, on the olil homestead, Elizabeth, Frances A. and .leii- nie M. . Ivory Leach, the eighth child of his parents, was born in .Smithlielil, .Somerset County. .Me.. Novem- ber .'i. 18.'H. In bis youth he received a good practical common-school education, and grew to manhood in the county of his birth. At the ngc of nineteen he wius apprenticed to a carriage-maker, but at the end of a year quit the business on .ic- countof ill-health, and for sometime after was va- riously engaged. Attaining his nuajorit}', he adoi)ted the trade of a millwright, which he followed for some three years in the neighborhood of his home. In 18.5.') he went into a cotloimiill at Lo- well, Mass.. as ;i watchman, and in tliat and a snsh and door factory, in the same place, remained until August, 1801. when he enlisted in the second company of Berdan's .Sharpshooters, and with that famous body of men, parlicipatcrl in all theengage- ments of the Army of the Potomac. Before York- town and in the conscipient campaign thn>ugh the Peninsula at Mechanicsvillo, Gaines' Mill. FairOak.o, .Seven Pines ond Malvern Hill, he did a gallant service. The company returned from Harrison's Landing to re-enforce Gcii. Poih; and suffered some loss in the second b.attle of Bull Run. and at An- tietam and ChanceWorville. followed the headfjuar- ter flag of the noble Fifth Corps into the thickest of the action. Becoming sick and disabled, June 20, 1803, our subject was mustered out and dis- charged, and returned to his home in Maine, and for two years, though in ill health, labored at mill- wrighting. In March, 18CG, he came lo Iowa, and after spending a year in carpenter work, in Powe- shiek County, landed in Monona County. January 27,1807. He was for years extensively engaged in the rearing of bees and in the production of honey, for which business he had lifted up his place in a superior manner. He was appointed Postmas- ter of Ticonic in 1882. and served until .hine. 1889. Mr. Leach W!i.s married October 1.5. IHO.'I, to Miss Hannah Connick, a native of New Brunswick, born January -1. 18.'37. and a daughter of William and Nancy (WiLson) Connick. By this union they had a family of seven children, of which the fol- lowing is .'i record: Kdward A., was born in Lo- well, Mass., November 2:5, 18CI, is a type writer by profession in .Sioux City. Bertha L., born in Oakland. .Me.. June 23. 18(!0, is teaching school in Humb(vldt Cour.ty, Cal.; Henry W.. born in Mo- nona County. January 0. 1870, is n type writer in St. Paul; Jessie May. born Oetr carefully tlircsh- ing what little thiTo was li-fl liy these devouring pests, heating it out with a Hail, he found he had but about four bushels. The usual fortunes and vicis- situdes of a farmer's lifeliave attende«'Wv» eHARLES W. BISBEE, the present County Surveyor and a representative of one of the old pioneer families of Monona County, is the son of Hon. Charles C. and Eunice M. (Wheeler) Bisbee, a sketch of whose life is given iu this work. He is one of the ^ extensive farmers of Belvidere Township, residing on section 11. The position of County Surve3'or he has held for four years, and he is, also, District Township Treasurer, and iia.'« filled many other minor offices in the towuship. For sixteen years he li.as held this oflice of Trea- surer to the full satisfaction of everybody con- cerned. Charles W. Bisbee, the eldest child of his par- ents, was born at Bakersfield, Franklin County ,Vt., June 21, 1846. On attaining a suitable age, he was there sent to school and in stud^- remained until May, 1857, when he was brought by his parents to Monona County', where he had only the advan- tages of the pioneer district schools. He remained with his father until the death of the latter, which occurred when our subject was about twenty-live years of age, and has since made his home on the old homestead, now owning the site ujjon which the famil^^ landed thirty-two long years ago. His farm now embraces two hundred and eighty-five acres, and upon it he has some excellent build- ings. Mr. Bisbee was united in marriage February 22, 1876, with Mrs. Martha Graham, nee Humphries, a native of Iowa Countv, AV'is., who was born June MONONA COUNTY. 625 0. 1817. niifl is tlio t|.j. and is the dau'diter of .lohn nnd Louisa Merrill, the former of whom died in Indiana, and the latter in this count}'. Of this marriage were born nine children: George Frederick, November 1, 18GI. who married Miss Amanda Krunor. and is living in New Mexico; .losephlne A., now Mrs. Charles Oroom, born April 4, 1864; Elizabeth C, Sep- tember 12, 1866, who died October 7, 1886; Mary L.. born February 21. 1868; Charlotte F., born JIarch 10, 1871. who married Lewis Zediker, April 2.'). 1888; Geneva A., born December 29, 1873, and died .January 31, 1878; Millie, born Decem- ber 26, 1876, who died July 31, 1878; .Samuel O., born August 22, 1879, and Clyde P., March 22. 1884, who died May 7, 1884. On the 24tli of May, 1884, Mrs. Ileisler p.assed '• from the lowly earth to the vaulted sky." and her body is burieil in the Ileisler Cemetery, in Cooper Township. ~^»^^*H ^OHN AMUNDSON. who is engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 10. Fairview Township, came to Monona County in 1867, arriving here July 1.'), from Dane County, \\'is. He was born in Norw.ay July 23. 1831, and is the son of Amund and Bertha (llen- drickson) Amundson. He wa.s reared in the land of his birth, receiving an education in the schools of the country, and there attained his manhoiHl. In 1861. in order to better his couiliticm in life and afford his children some chance to rise in the world, he bade adieu to his native land, ar.d with his wife and two children, crossed the wide an n prominent I place among the well-to-do agricidlurisls of this I section o.f the State. He has a farm of one liundrejr=^ D WARD A. ATHERTON. Among the farm- ife ers and stock-raisers of Willow Townsiiip Ir — ^ few are more practical or prosperous than the subject of this sketch, whose farm is situated on section 26. He was born in AVales, September 15, 1841, and is the son of James and Elizabeth (Jones) Atherton. His education was obtained in the schools of his native country and is fairly com- plete and thorough. In April. 1869. he cro-ssed the ocean to America, landing in New York May 10, and proceeded at once to LaCrosse County. Wis. From there, in October, 1870, he removed to. Dow City, Crawford County. Iowa, where he made his home for some ten years. In tlie spring of 1880 he came to Monona County and settled upon the farm where he now resides, at that time in its primitive condition. He purchased some one hundred and twenty acres of land to which he has added from time to time until his estate now embraces some four luuidred and eighty acres, which is well improved and excellently cultivated. At tlie time of his settlement there were no people in the neighborhood and the nearest schoolhouse was two miles and a half distant. Since coming here he has prospered highly and is numbered among the more affluent and influential citizens of the township. Mr. Atherton was married May 2, 1880, iii Har- rison County, this State, to Miss Louisa M. Grout, a driughter of Otis and Louisa (Lee) Grout, and by this union they are the parents of one child — E<1- ward A., born February 10, 1883. When Mr. Atherton emigrated to America his brother James and sister Elizabeth came with him and the former is now a resident of Harrison County. Iowa, and the latter of Brown County, Dak. The father, who came to this country in MONONA COUNTY. 629 1H82. makes his home willi his son James. Two brothers of our subject. Henry and Charles, arc also residents of Willow Township, the former eoniing to this county in May. IKH2, and the latter in 18t;7. Charles for some years resided in La- Crosse County, AVis., whence he came to this local- ity. All are in i)rosperous circumstances and are valuable and esteemed citizens. KV. IRA. 15. KH.liOHNK. the late Pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church enced his p.astorale in that Ontario, Canada, born in Leeds County, Septem- ber 21, 1828. lie is a son of the Rev. Asahel G. and Sophia R. (Klmore) Kilborne. natives of New lOnyiand, of English descent, who trace their an- cestry back to the Colonial days of 1700. The father of our subject was born in October. 1800, and is still living in Ontario. The mother, born in .lanuarv, 1803, died in Ontario in .\pril, 1889. Our subject was brought up on a farm, his fa- llier being engaged in agricultural |)ursuits as well as being a local preacher in the Wesleyan Methodist Church, lie received the foundation of his educa- tion in the ordinary district schools, Init at the age of eighteen, having received his time of his father, he repaired to the Norninl School at Toronto, where he linished his educalion. lioth before this time and afterward he w.as engaged in teaching school, but experiencing religion in 1842, he gave -some attention to theological studies, and entered the ministry in 1855. About a year and a half later, owing to failing health, he was (.ibligcd to abandon partially the work of the Miistcr, and engaged in the mercantile trade at Winfield, Ontario. In 1871 he came to Iowa and carried on the mercantile business at Otley and the grain business at Ft. Dodge for several years, but two j'cnrs later dis- posed of his interest anil again took up his mission, preaching at Manton, Calhoun County, one year, and Klk Point, 8. Uak., some six months. After a \ isit to his native homo, which cf)Vcrnd tome eight- f.ii ni.iiiihs, he returiu d tiitliisStale, and was |)laced in charge of the diuruh ut CuincliuuviUc. At that place, Smithlaiid. .Marcus, Akron and Aurelia, he W!is engaged in this work until he came to ( )nawa. Mr. Kilborne was married, June lU, 1855, to Miss Azuba A. (iaukel, a native of Waterloo, On- tario, born February 2h, 18."17. and who is n daugh- ter of Emanuel and Mary (Smith) Oaukel. ller father was born in Pennsylvania, of German de- scent, and her mother, a native of Ontario, was of Irish ancestry. Of this union there have been born six children, of whom the following is a recoid: Byron K., born the 21st of October, 1856, is the station agent at Parkersburg, Iowa; Clarence P., born June 29, 1858, is the present Postmaster of Akron. Iowa; Ida E., born August 8, IS'iO.ilied March 2, 187lt; Willie E., born October 21. IhCS, died December 29, 18(;8; J. .Mel.ancthon, born De- cember 29, 1872, is now in the oflicc of the Sioux Valliy Ri'cord at Akroji, Iowa, and Katie born April 22, 1879, died July 2, 1879. \^& AVID CIIRISTMAN, who is engage! in farming and general stock-raising in .St. Clair Township, is one of the |iioneers of that portion of the county, which was not settled to any extent until a late tiate. He came to Mononx Ciuinty in the fall of 187."l, and renting a place, lived in a dug-out that winter. The next spring he purchased the land where he now lives, on section :10, and broke about forty-five acres, and at the same time put up a fr.-ime building in which to install his family. He lived in this about thret! years, and then erected his present commodious and tasty cottage. Mr. Christman is n native of the Kej'slone Slnte lorn November ; William R., was born November 3. 1869; George H., June 17, 1871; Viola M., October 17, 1873; Lydia D. and Carrie B., December 5, 1877; and Oscar W., born Septem- ber 29, 1879. Mr. Cbristman]"occupies an impor- tant place in the community, as one of its most respected and esteemed' members, and is highly spoken of by all who are .icqnainted with him. '^^m- |ILLIAM J. HUDGEL, who is engaged in farming in an extensive manner on the ^W^J southwest quarter of section 25, and the southeast quarter of section 23, Fairview Township, makes his residence, at the present time, in the vil- lage of Sloan, Woodbury County. He was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, September 25, 1840, and is tl>e son of Thomas and Ellen Hudgel. When he was about ten years of age the faniilj^ removed to Auglaize County, in the same State, where William J. helped work upon the farm and attended the district school. Late in the fall of 1856 lie came to Iowa with ills parents, and settled in Clark County. Our subject followed farming at home until April 20, 1860, when, in company with his brother, he fitted out a wagon with ox-teams and joined a train bound for Pike's Peak. They arrived at that Eldorado of their hopes June 10, following, and opened a claim on Clear Creek in comj)anv willi several partners. On washing'up and dividing at the end of six weeks' work it was found that each man's share was ouly^about 12.50 worth;of.'gold and feel- ing disgusted they quit, and selling their interests in the claim for a yoke of oxen the brothers|]coin- menced hauling logs to the sawmill. Here the same luck befell them for tiie mill coni|)anj' failing, tlioj- lost about >!600, getting for their work onlj' a yoke of cattle and about $40. Pieing discouraged, Will- iam J. immediately started for home with two yoke of cattle and one wagon." [ When" half way home one of the fore wheels of the latter breaking down, ho rigged up a sort of cart on the hind wheels and in this rode the balance of the way to his home. In the spring of 1861, Mr. Hudgel entered the employ of his father and toiled that summer upon the farm. August 22, 1861, he married Miss Pris- cilla V. Polly, only daughter of Dr. Samuel Polly, now of this count3'. and in the following spring rented the farm upon which he took up his home. August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Coin|)any 1). Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry, at Osceola, and started for Des Moines on the 2otli of September follow- ing, ills twenty-second birtlidaj% Soon the regi- ment was forwarded to the front, going to Jackson. Tenn. In the race after Forrest. Mr. Hiidgel was taken sick and left at camp with one hundred and four comrades with orders to return at once to Trenton, but stopping for dinner when within seven miles of that place they were surroundeil and captured by the Confederates. The next day they were paroled and sent into the Union lines at Trenton, where our subject remained some two weeks on extremely short rations. Stealing away, he and a comrade, Jacob Smith, went to Columbus, Ky., to the .Soldiers' Home and two weeks later to Benton Barracks, St. Louis, and then home. After remaining at the latter two months he returned to the Barracks and after the exchange, on October 23, was forwarded to his regiment, then with Sherman. He ])articipated in several of the minor eng.age- nients near Buzzard's Roost, being chietly detailed with foraging parties and employed in tearing up tr.ack and bridges. After the evacuation of Atlanta the regiment was ordered to Rome, Ga., and put on guard at a railroad bridge and mill, some eight miles distant from that city. AVhile here l\Ir. Hud- MONONA COIMV. G31 ■j;i'l :iii(l twenty-four others were suri)rised, while foniic'my;, by two hiiixlroil anil fifty "Johnnifs" and were conipL-lled to swim the river. On Slicrinan's famous march to the sea, this regiment followed that niatflili'ss leader and our subject |)arlifi paled in all its lialtlrs and skirmishes. While near Cam- den, S. C, on a foraging c.\pedition, he was sur- rounded by a force of rebels, to whom he was forced to suriender, and after robbing him of a gold watch and about ^iO in money, they shot him through the neck with a revolver ball and left him on the field for dead. Me crawled away into the swamp and the next day was found by some Union soldiers anILLIAM W. IIA.MII.ION. a member of \/\/l/ '''^ ''"^'" "^ Hamilton Itros., the leading ^^ hardware, lumber and .agricultural imple- ment dealers at Mapleton, and one of the most prominent business men of that prosperous village, w.as born in Cornwall Township. Henry County, III., March 14, 1848, and is the son of James S. and .Mary ]•;. Ilamilton. Receiving the advantages of education in the common schools of the neigh- borhood in his youth, he was reared to manho«Kl upon his father's farm, ancl there remained until March, lM70,whcn.at the .age of twenty -two years, he entered the employ of the McCormick Harvest- ing .Machine and Agricultural Implement Company and was by that corporation placed at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in clnrge of a branch of their busi- ness in that locality. In the spring of 1871 he w.ts transferred by the same coni|>!iny to Blooming- ton, McLean County, III., where he remained until April. 1H78. In the meantime, in the fall of 1877, in company with his lirother, he had established the lumber and farm machinery business at Maple- ton, which was \indcr the direct supervision of I'ortcr llamillon. In September, 1878, our sub- ject, stdl in the employ of the McCormick Com- pany, was placed in charge at Council HlulTs. from which place, in April, I87;>, he was trans- ferred to Peoria, III., where he made his home until January. IH8.'». at which date he located |)ernianently at Mapleton. Besides their exten- sive lmrf Pennsylvania, died, and he grew up without a mother's loving care. He came to Iowa with his father, and in 187.'H commenced working out by the mouth in Mills County, and by this means earned a team, wagon and ^iO in cash, with which he came to Monona County, and has since made his home here. Our subject, November 22. 1876. in MillsCounty, Iowa, was united in inarri.age with Miss Laura Counts, a native of .Mis^ouri, who was born Octo- ber 7, 18.'i6, and by this union tlioy have had a family of six children: Tennyson C, born August 2!t, 1877, died November 9, 188-1; Marvin A., born .June 10, 187H; Mabel Clare, born April 10, 1881, died August 4, 1882; Maude, born May 1, 1883; Kr», August 24, 1885; and Charles, Septera- ber 10. 1887. ID W A Kb (OI.LlSON. a re|ire,sentative farmer and stock-raiser of Lincoln Township. came to Monona County in tlie fall of 187!) and. for two years, was engaged in carrying on a rented farm in Fairview. In December. 1881. he removed to the place on section 27, Lincoln, where he now resides, having bought the improved place in Seplemlwr previous. Mr. Collison was born in England, .\pril 7. 1H34. and is the son iif Thomas and Mary Collison. natives also of that kingdom, lie w.as reared at home antl there remained until he had attained his twentieth year when, with the idea of bettering his condition in life, he came to the Inited States, lauding in New York in November, 18.i4. Turning his 8t«ps immediately Westward, for some two years he was employed in farm labor in Dearborn County, Ind., but in 185(;. removed to Apanoosc County, Iowa. There he rented a farm for about three years, but gave it up to work in a saw mill. Having purch!«ed a mill o( this character in Davis County, this State, he operated it about eighteen months with considerable success. On land which he had leased and on a farm which he h.ad bought, he was then engaged in agricultural pursuits in that section of the State until the fall of 1870, when he sold out and came to this county. Mr. Collison wtis united in' marriage, in Dear- born County, Ind., .March 9, 1H.J6, with Miss Mary A. Cameron, the daughter of Ilcnry and Nancy A. Cameron. There have come to them to consummate the happiness of their home, eight children, as follows: Mary J., who was born August 6,1856; Nancy A., August 7, 1858; Eliza E, January 16, 1861; .Tohn E., M.ay 16. 1863; Emir.ata. .lanuary, 18, 1866; Lucinda. .'August 27, 1869; Sarah E., August 13, 1871 ; and William T.. October 21. 1873. All are living with the exception of Eliza E., who was taken from tliem by death, October 8. 1888. ■::J ::=8^or:=: > JrOHN K. UlloDES. a. prominent and influ- I eutial farmer of St. Clair Township, having ! his residence upon section 28, lirst came to y the county in the spring of 1878, and worked by the month for M. .1. Riddle, in Soldier Town- ship, for about nine months. In Boyerand Charter Oak Townships. Crawford County, he w.a.s employed in the same class of work and in brciking prairie until the summer of 1880, when he returned to this county and for two j-ears carried on agricultural pursuits on rented lands in St. Clair Township. In the spring of 1882, having accumulated some capi- tal, he purchased one hinidred and sixty acres upon which he now lives, and out of which he has wrought a splendid and productive farm. When he came to (his country he had but little capital r,34 MONONA COUNTY. besides a pair of strong arms and an ambitious spirit, and his present well-to-do condition has been brought about entirely b}- his own efforts. Mr. Rhodes was born in Blair County, Pa., July 28, 18o9, and remained with his parents, John and Matilda (Forshey) Rhodes, until he had attained his eighteenth birthday, receiving the elements of a practical education in the public schools of his native county. He then commenced the battle of life on his own account and, aft'ir working in that neighborhood for about a year, struck out for the West. •■ to grow up with the country," and came directly to Monona County. Our subject was united in marriage Februarj- 16, 1881, in St. Clair Township, with Miss Dora F. Patrick, the daughter of George and Emil^^ (Hern- don) Patrick. By this union there has been born a family of four cliildren, upon the following dates: Emma K., November 23, 1881; Orlando R., August 22, 1883; Laura B., December 4, 1886, and Marcellus R., Dctccmber 25, 1888. Mr. Rhodes occupies a high place in the estima- tion of the people of the township and has been intrusted with the office of Justice of the Peace in and for tiie same, since the fall of 1882 and is the piesent .administrator of justice in that vicinity. He is identified with all movements, accruing to the benefit of his neighijors, or the peojjle of the county and town, and is one of the public spirited and enterprising members of the comnuinit}' that is rapidly bringing Monona County to a front rank among the brilliant galaxy of sister counties of our noble State. ocx> HARLES E. ROSS, who has his residence and farm on section 9, in the town of Lincoln, came to this countj' in the fall of 1882, and carried on agricultural pursuits on both rented land and property of his own, for several j'ears in Ash- ton and Lincoln Townships. In the spring of 1886 he rented the farm upon which he now lives, and, after raising one crop upon it and finding tiiat it suited him, bought it. Charles E. Ross is a native of N'erraont, born in Newark, Caledonia County, Jiuuiary II, 1811. When about five 3-ears of age his parents, Elijah and Clarissa Ross, moved to New Hampshire, where the family resided for some years. At the age of nine years Charles went to live with his sis- ter, in A'ermont. where he grew to manhood. In the early days of the war, September 21, 1^61, Mr. Ross enlisted in Companj' F, Fourth Vermont Infantry, and with that gallant regiment, participated in many of the engagements that oc- curred in Northern Virginia, the principal of which were the siege and capture of Yorktown, the battles at Williamsburg, CJaines' Mill, Seven Pines, and others of the seven days battle in the Chicka- hominy Swamp. Savage Station, White Oak Swamp and others. His time of service having expired, he was discharged at Fortress Monroe, Va., Septem- ber 21, 1864, from which time until January 12, 1865, he was engaged in driving a team in the neighborhood of the latter fort. Returning to New Hampshire, he there made his home for about two jears, removing thence to Ver- mont, and in the latter State remained until llu' fall of 1879. After a short time spent in Boston, he started for the West and landed in Jefferson Countj', Kan., January- 18, 1880. He remained there until October, 1882, when he came to Jlonona County as related above. Mr. Ross was united in marriage September 12, 1866, at Springfield, Mass., witli Miss Julia II. Dan- forth, and b}' their union they are the parents of three children — Ada C, Walter C. and llattie E. •xeciZ'©^^— ^^ K4 — >»^^W2'J»<- WILLIA.M L. RING, a well-known pioneer of Monona County, and one of the fore- most citizens of Cooper Township, of which he was an early settler, is a man whose prac- tical ability, prompt and methodical business habits and self education, justify the confidence and esteem with which he has inspired his fellow citizens. He was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., May 7, 1815, and is the son of Lewis and Eleanor (Diihoise) Ring. His father, a native of the same county, was born in 1787, and was a physician, and died in that portion of the Empire St.ate, as did his wife. MONONA COUNTY. 1)35 They had a family of eight children, of whom the following- four are living: Klizalietli I)., William l... (Icorge L. and Oscar. Our subject grew to manliood in the county of his birth, rcceivinij in youlli a common-school edu- cation, and at the age of seventeen commenced an apprenticeship at the carpentering trade, at which he has worked, both as em|)U)ye and contractor, in New York City, Charleston, .S. ('., Ulica, (Wenns Falls and on Long Island, until 1843. In the fall of the latter year he removed to Boston. Mass., where for twelve years he followed the same vo- cation, but growing tired of city life, in 18.j.i started West to engage in agriculture. After spend- ing the winter in .St. Louis, in the spring of 18.5C, lie came to Council Bluffs, and in the following fall, to Monona County, where he settled on section 6, Cooper Township, taking up a claim of one hun- dred and sixtj' acres. Heh.asseen this count}- grow from it-s infancy, for on his arrival here he found but few settlers in the neighborhood, and. in fact, in this part of the .State. lie has developed his farm and greatly improved it. but for some years lias n'Utcd it, as age stealing over him, necessitates his giving less attention to the active cares of busi- ness. Mr. Ring was united in marriage .at Onawa, Iowa. December II, 1SS(>7, to Miss Sarah E. Ring, a daughter of Peter and Hannah (llagadorn) Ring, a native of Dutchess County, N. Y.. born March 14. 1837. In the fall of I'^T-i. .Mr. Ring was elected County Treasurer, and tilled that ollice nujst acceptably for some two years. He has also served as County Supervisor and in several of the minor otlices of the county and township. In 18C3. lie w.as elected County Superintendent of the common schools, but Would not qualify, not desiring the ollice. :ILLIAM I'.VYNK. A prominent ngricul- [id one of gentle- man whose name heads this sketch. Mr. Payne is a native of England, who was born September 2S. y[ILLIAM P.VirSK. A promiiieni a turist of the town of West Fork, and Ij^ its most i)romincnt citizens, is the 1H34. and is the son of Daniel and Mary A. Payne, lie remained with his parents until October, 1H.'>4, when, bidding adieu to the -white cliffs of Al- bion's shore." ho sailed for .\merica. landing in New York about Christmas time. From that city he went to Lockport, Ni.agara Counlv. in the Em- pire .Stale, and went to work on a farm in (hat vicinity. Two years later he removed to .Michi- gan, where he made his home for somelliiiig like two years, and then, being seized with a Western fever, started for I'tah. He went by boat and railroad to Nebraska City. Neb., whence he drove an ox-team in a wagon train across the plains. He left Nebraska City May 17, 1858, and only reached Ft. Hull, near .Salt Lake City, in Novendier. Not being satisfied with the country, he remained there but a short time, and in company with a party of some twenty-five, started for California, reaching Chico, in that State, about Decendier 20. For three years he worked upon a ranch, but. becoin- iug master of a little capital, he started in the same line of business for himself. Later on he admitlcd a partner, with whom he carried on business until 1808. when, selling out, he went back to England. His intention being only to pa}' u visit to the home of bis childhood, he stopped .at New York City and deposited about I^I.OOO. the -bulk of his properly, in one of the banks until his return. After visiting with his friends in the Old Country, about the Isl of April following he returned to America. On his arrival he found that the bank to which he had entrusted his money had failed, and he was again thrown niKin his own resourc-es. After n short stay in the metropolis, he came to Iowa, visiting friends in Michigan on the way. and settled in Woodbury County on a farm. In the spring of 1870 he removed to Monona County, locating on a farm on section 3, West Fork Town- ship, which was totally unimproved. During the summer he broke up about fourteen acres of land and ma- ^JAMES McDonald is an extensive and enterprising farmer of Jordan Township, lie came to Monona Countj' in 1877 and located on section 18, where he now lives. At that time he purchased eight}' acres of land, which, under his hands, have yielded abundantly and increased until he is now the owner of a fer- tile farm of three hundred and sixty acres, one hundred of which he devotes to cultivation, the rest being in pasture and meadow, as stock-raising is an important branch of his business. Mr. McDonald is of that hard}-, thrifty and business-like race known as the Scotch-Irish, and was born in County Mcath, Ireland, February 22, 1829. His father, Saunders McDonald, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, about the year 1807, and grew- to manhood in •■Auld Reekie," as that city is called, receiving an excellent education, as is com- mon with the people of that nationality. Early in life he .adopted the business of a drover, and re- moved to Ireland, where he died about 1865. In 1832 he married Miss Mary O'Brien, a native of County Meath. Ireland, who died shortly after her husband, in tlie land of her birth, having been the mother of nine children. James, the third child of his parents, received a good education in the schools of his native land, and at the early age of fifteen commenced life for himself, laboring on the neighboring farms. In June, 1844, with an eye to the main chance, he cau.e to America, landing in New York, and thence proceeded to Chester County, Pa., and spent the summer on a farm. For the two succeeding years he was engaged in teaming and other businesses in the city of Philadelphia, after which he spent several years in the AUegliany mountain regions of New York. After a short trip to Connecticut, he returned to Philadelphia, where he remained until 186;5. Making a trip through the West, into Missouri and Kansas, he came to Iowa, and in Harrison County was engaged in farm labor on rented land until coming to ISIonona County, as above noted. Mr. McDonald, on the 1st of September, 1878, in Jordan Township, was united in marriage with Miss Mary Carver, a lady who was born near Olean, Cattaraugus County, N.Y., August 22, 1849. She came West with her parents about 1869. Mr. and Mrs. McDonald have liad a family of six children, as follows: Levi J., born July 15, 1879; Homer A., May 9, 1881; Arden II., August 29, 1882; ^Yiliie and Annie, born August 28,1887, the latter of whom died in infancy; and Frank, born July 2, 1888. ^|OHN HANSEN, a prominent and inftuenti.al farmer of Belvidere Township, residing on i section 36, is a native of Denmark, born near Ilorsens, September 20, 1852, and is the son Hans and Anna C. (Ditlefsen) Thompson. His father was born in the same locality, in 1806, and was engaged in farming in the old country all his life and died there February 26, 1864. The latter ■was married in 1836 to Miss Anna C. Ditlefsen a native of the same village, born in 1812, and they had a family of nine children, seven of whom are living, four in Denmark and three in Iowa. John Hansen, the youngest child of his parents, received a good education in his native land, and at the age of twelve years commenced earning his living by working for the neighboring farmers, and followed this line of life until some twenty-two years of age. April 25. 1875, he entered the Dan- ish army and v\'as assigned .as No. 566 to the Fourth Company of the Twelfth Battalion, and remained in the service some eighteen months. Resuming his former life on the farm, he remained two years anl a half more in his native land, but May 14, 1879, he left Copenh.igen and sailed for Leith. Scotland, and taking passage on the steamship "State of Alabama", from Ol.asgow, crossed the ocean and Ian(leublic affairs in the village; has served as Mayor, Recorder and Councilman at different periods, and was one of the chief organizers of the Onawa fire department, of which he remained chief engineer for some four- teen years. He was appointed Postmaster JIarch 17, 1887, and is l)ie incumbent of that olHce at the present writing. Mr. Underbill was united in marriage in New York City, May 24, 1860, to Miss Mary E. Chap- man, a native of that place, who was born May 17, 1841. .She is the fourth child of George Warren ,and Sarah (Richards) Chapman. Her father, who was born in New York, December 25, 1812, died in April, 1838. Her mother, also a native of the Empire State, was born April 4, 1813, and died at Onawa, Ma}^ 29, 1872, having been the mother of six children, three of whom are living. To Mr. and Mrs. Underbill there has been born a family of seven children, who are as follows: Frank E., born in New York City M.ay 23, 1861, died March 30, 1865; Sadie K., born in New Y'ork, April 1, 1866; Jennie, born in the same city, No- vember 13, 1869; George, Jr., born in Onawa, Iowa, February 19, 1874, died August 22, 1874; Ettie B., born October 24. 1874, died March 23, 1876; Mary Eila, born June 5, 1877, died Jul}' 11, 1877; and Allie Pearl, born March 2, 1879. Mrs. Underbill is a member of the Congrega- tional Church, of which bod}- Mr. I'nderhill is the Treasurer. ENRY E. B.VRD, residing on section 20, iV Grant Township, was born in \'erinillion ^ County, Ind., January 21, 1849, and is the son of Andrew and .jNIargarct (Wallace) Bard. His father was a native of Tyler County, Va., liorn March 3, 1818, and when eight years of age removed with his grandfather Brown, to Ver- million County, Ind., where he grew to manhood. He was engaged in the p.acking houses during the winters, and steainlioating on the river each sum- mer for some ten years, but in 1854 came to Iowa. He located at B.allard's Grove, Story County, and MONDNA CUl ^TY 639 followed farminir uiilil his dooth, which look place in llii- wiiilor of l>>7;i. The inollier of imr siilijeet was horn in Indiaiin, where she wn^ inarrietl in IS 17. nnd is still a resident ii|iiin the old homestead ill Story County. Henry K. Bard, the eldest of live ehildren horn to his parents, w.-is about five years of age when the family removed to Iowa, and received his educa- tion in the schools of Story County. On renchinf;; his lifleenth year he found employment in a brick- yard dnrinjr the summer moiiilis. cuttini; wood for the use of the same in the winter. This he followed ft»r some five years. In August. 18C'.i. he came to Monona Connly.'aiid commenced life on a farm in Kennebec Township, an avocation that he has fol- lowed ever since. In 188.3 he purchased the forty acres of land on section 20. u[)on which he makes his home, and also owns forty acres more on section ."i. in West Fork. Mr. Hard was married. October •21). 1870, to Miss OvaiidaWinegar. a native of Pottawattamie Countj', Iowa, born August 10. 18."> I. ami the daughter of Frederick 1). and Lodema (HIanchard ) Winegar. pijiieers of Momma C.. t«> .Miss Cornelia Olesiin, the ilaughter of Ole G40 MO^O^■A COUNTY. unit Bei-Uia llalverson, wlio dieil April 29, 1886, having been tlie uiotUer of eleven childrcu — O. B., C. S., George, Julius, Peter, Ole, Norval, Bertiia, Mary, Mahel and Huldah. August 29, 1888, Mr. Severson married Miss Laura M. Wood, wlio is tiie mother of one child — Fletcher. ,.^|NTHONY BROWN, the well-known pro- (@/u| | prietor of the Blencoe House, located in the village of that name, was born in County ^ Ma\-o, Ireland, September 12, 1839, and is the son of Patrick and Margaret (O'Donell) Brown, lie remain in his native land until 1863, when feel- ing convinced that in free America there was a greater show for a poor man than in his oppressed native land, he determined to seek an asylum where so mau\- of his couiitrj'nien have found a hapi)y home. Accordingly he crossed the wide and stormy ocean, and after a tedious voyage landed in New York on tlie 9th of March. Proceeding at once to Scranton, Lackawana Count.y, Pa., he songlit and found work in a foundry, in wliicii lie remained fif- teen years at steady work. In April, 1878, he c-amc to Monona County,and making liis home at Blencoe, was engaged some five j-ears as a section hand on the railroad. Having rented a small farm in the vicinity, he was next engaged in agricultural pur- suits for some three 3'ears more. When he first settled here he built a small house, in which he lived which, in the spring of 1882, he removed to the lot where the hotel now stands, and in it started the first place for the entertainment of the traveling public. In 1884 he removed this building to the rear and built on the front part of the edifice, which is 21x36 feet in size, with tw'enty foot studding, forming his present hotel property. This he still operates, and has become well known to the trav- eling public of this section of the State. In August. 1887, Mr. Brown purchased of David Pressinger of Ohio, some 360 acres of laud in this countj-, 160 acres on section 1, Sherman Township, and 80 acres on section 7, and 1 20 on section 9, Sioux Township. This is very fine hay and farming land, and he has it well protected by a good fence. Two hundred and sixty acres of laud in one tract, he has leased within half a mile of Blencoe where he attends to farming himself. ^Ir. Brown was united in marriage April 12, 1859, with Miss Julia JIanley, a native also of Ire- land, who has ^been the mother of thirteen chil- dren : Patrick, Bertha. Maggie, Julia, Michael, John, Anthonj', Thomas,_Robert, James .and three male children that died in infanc3\ Mr. Brown and his sons, in connection with the hotel business, which does not occupj- all their time, are engaged in farming, stock-raising and baling and shipping h,ay. the latter being a business of considerable magnitude. ''^•^ Jsoe* f;OHN T. RAWLINGS, the Postmaster at Preparation, and the popular and tlie well- known manager of the general merchandise .^^/ store at that point, was born in tiraut Count}-, Wis.. September 16, 1860, and is the son of Joseph G. and Mary Ann ^Carhart) Rawlings. His parents were both natives of Ctirnwall, Eng- land, who had come to the United States in child- hood with their parents and grew up and were mar- ried ui Grant County. In the latter the)' made their home until 1873, when they came to Iowa and for a 3ear they lived at Smithland, AVciodbur^- County, after which the}' settled in Center Township. ^Mo- nona County. There the old folks lived until, in the fullness of time, the}' were called aw.ay Ijy death, the mother in 1878, ami the father March 3. 1889. John T., the second in a fnmilj- of ten children born to his parents, received his education in his youth, and earlj- in life learned the t''ade followed by his father for many years, that of a miller, which he carried on until March, 1886, when he engaged in his present business at Preparation with R. T. Reece. He carries a general stock of well as- sorted goods and is quite a popular young mer- chant. Mr. Rawlings was married in Center Township, August 8, 18S2, to Miss Retta Pokn. The lady was born in (iuasqueton, Buchanan County, Iowa, MONONA C'OINTV. 041 .Inly 21, 1861, uimI is ilic dniigliter of Kzekiel mid Kllcii (Uuiil!)|i) I'olcn. Her parents were e.iily settlers of IJiichanaii founly, where licr inollier (iictl in Se|)tenilier, 1K(JC. In 1871) her fatlier nuir- ried Kiien Speake, of Center Point, Linn County, and in 1881 removed to Harrison County, where tliey still reside.'carrying on a farm. Mr. and Mrs. Hawlinrrs are tlie parents of tiireo chil- dren: Pearl M., born July 18, 188:3; Ruby E., April 3, 1«8(;; anil Frank K., December (J. 1887. Iti lii.s political views our subject coincides with the Democratic parly, and supports the candidates of that orijanization usually. althou;;h not strictly bound by party lines or unreasoning partisanship. OlIN HAHCr.'^, farmer, liviny in ->hcrnian Townshi|).cauie^to Monona County in April, 1863, and broujjht his family' here jibout the 1st of October ot the same year, traveling friiin Licking County. Ohio, with a horse team. Willi him c:inio his mollier-in-lmv. Mary Ivelley. and her son .lackson. Mr. liarcus is a native of iMar\land. l)orn June 11. 1807, and is the son of George and Sarah (I'richard) 15nrcus. His father dying when our subject was about seven years of age, he reniaineii at home wtjrking on the farm, and in maturer years took charge of the homestead. C In November. lf<2!>, he marrietl Isabel Hurgess, who dieil in .Septem- ber. IS.'jO, leaving seven chililren. The next year he was united in marriage with Miss Fidelia Buck, who became the mother of live chililren a!id died Mav 1-2. IHHI. .-.rt - ^HAULES .STIU HKL. Among '• the brave hoys in blue," veterans of the late Civil Wari who are engaged in agriculturil pursuits in Monona County, aflcr having heroically defended ihe existence of the Oovernment, is the subject of this sketch, a resident of Jordan Township, resid- ing on section 17. He was born in .\Ii>rris County, N. .1.. .Illlv _. i.-.M!, :iiiii 1- liif siiii 111 .biiiii ;|iid Kliza (Tintel) Strubel. the former also being a na- tive of the same county, who was born July 12, IMOl. and engaged until his death, in l«83. in farming in that locality. The mother died in the spring of 1«53, nt Newark, N. J., having been the mother of eleven children, nine of whom survive. Charles .Strubel remained at home beneath the parental roof, assisting in carrying on the farm until attaining his twenty-second year, when he re- moved to Wcalern Pennsylvania, and in the nei"h- borhood of Pittsburg was employed as a coal miner for several years. At the Catfish furnace, in Clar- ion Count}-, in the same State, he was cniplovod during the winter of 1854, and the following year, but in the winter of 185.')-.56 he removed to Butler County, and remained there until 1859 at the \Vd- ley Roy furnace. March 10, 1859, he slatted for Ill'.nois, and locating in Grundy County, was en- g.aged in agricultural pursuits until .Vugiist 6, 1862. U|)0n that date, prompted by patriotism and a nation's peril, ho enlisted in Company C. Seventy- sixth Illinois Infantry. He participated in many of the prominent engagements in the departments of the Cumberland and the Tennessee, and during the famous siege of Vicksburg, spent, some forty days in the trenches. At Champion Hills and in the second battle of Jackson, he performed a manly part, and with his gallant regiment remained in service fur three years and nine days, his discharge being dated August 1.'), 1865. Returning to his home in Illi- nois, he there made his home until the ftilloAing spring, when he came to Iowa, and located in Kos- suth County, near Algona. where he w.is cngagtMl in farming for about eight years. In July, ls74. he came to Monona County, settling in Kennebec Township, from which, two years later, he removed to his jiresent home, where ho now has some one hundred and sixty acres of land, one hundred and five of which are in cultivation and wfll improved. He is devoting considerable attention to the stock- raising interest in which he is quite successful. Mr. Strublc w.as married .lune 4. 1853, at New- ark, N. J., to Miss .Margaret Ledy, a native of New- York City, who was born October 2. 1832. ami the daughter of Tliomjts Ledy and bis wife, resi- dents of Pennsylvania.. Of Mr. and .Mrs. .Sirubel's r, !••> MONONA COUNTY. family oi Lnclvc cliililifii. the following is a rec- ord: Jolin Tlioinas, boru May 4, 1854, deceased; Malinda, who was born in Clarion Count}-, Pa., in Seplembcr, 1H,55. is now the wife of Humphrey' Mount, of Turin; Lizzie, born in Butler County, Pa., in January, 1857, is the wife of Charles Fes- senden; George Frank, who was born in the same county, ill January. 1859; William H., was born in Grundy County, III., in 1861, and niariied Isabella AVard, and lives in Jordan Township; Thomas Grant was also born in Grundy Count}', May 4, 1866; Ella G., was born in Kossuth County, Iowa, June 11, 1868, and is the wife of Evans S. Jones, of Jordan; James Oren, was born in Kossuth County, February 23, 1870; Ira E., was born in the same place, April 24, 1872; Minnie E., was born May 4, 1875; Joseph E., was born in IMonona County, August 17, 1880; Frank married Lorinda Morton and resides on the home f.arm. — ^ -'^-#- "<- LEXANDER NEWMAN, a highly re- spected and esteemed citizen of Center Ttiwnsliip, residing on section 9, dates his residence in Monona County from March, In partnership with D. L. Wiley, he then purchased about one hundred and sixty acres of land to which they kept adding from time to time until in 1884, having some five luindred and twenty acres he purchased the interest of his partner in tlie property. He lias, since then, sold to his sons all of the land, with the exception of about eighty acres. This has upon it a commodious and t.'isty res- idence, is well cultivated and, with its grove of ten acres of trees, presents a beautiful appearance. About twelve head of cattle, four head of horses and sixty head of liogs represents his propeity in the way of stotk. Mr. Newman was born in Fulton County, Pa., April 26. 1835, and is the son of George and Mary (Fields) Newman, both of whom were born in the Keystone State, the former in 1815, and the lat- ter in 1820. and died there in 1865 and 1871. re- spectively. t)ur subject, the third child in a family of four, was reared upon a farm and remained at home im- til his twenty-fourth year, when, marrying, he started in life for himself on a farm wliich his father had given liim. For about six years he was thus engaged in that neighborhood, and then selling out removed to Henry County, 111., where for about seven years he had charge of the four hundred- .acre farm of D. L. Wiley. After tilling the soil on a rented farm in that vicinity for a few years, he formed the partnership above mentioned, and came to Monona County. January 13, 1856, Mr. Newman married Miss Catherine F. O'Connor, who died February 13, 18G3, leaving four children: Mary E., born No- vember 29, 1856; Ellen C, December 28,1857; George S., August 4, 1859, and Dennis O., Febru- ary 22, 1861. October 22, 1863, be contracted a second matrimonial alliance, the lady upon that oc- casion being Aliss Susan Belts, who died July 12. 1884, leaving the following four children: Charles II., born March 11, 1864; Laura B., June 14, 1866; Orinda B., September 4, 1867; and Ida M., March 15. 1875. For a third time Mr. Newman essayed m.atrimouy, wedding Miss Celia Troth, December 24. 1884. The lady is a native of :\Iills County. Iowa. Of his children all are living except Ma Mae, who died July 5, 1876. As a relic of bygone d.iys, Mr. Newman has in his possession a silver teapot, an heirloom in the family that was bought by one of his ancestors, at the sale of George Washington's effects, which took place in 1789, just previous to that patriot's in:ui- guration as President. It is a curiosity of historical imiHjrtance, and is absolutely priceless. ^1/ AURENCE JACOBSEN, a leading farmer I (^ of Franklin Township, having his home on /I L^ section 5, was born in Tromnlijcm. Norway, January 23, 1836. His mother died in the old country M.ay 8, 1889, but his father still makes his home in that Kingdom. Mr. Jacobsen was reared in the land of his birth, and made his home here until 1866. when with the object of sec-king in a newer country that fortune MUNUNA COUNTY. 643 which was di'tiiod him at home, in company with his brother. Olaiis W., he crossed tiie ocean to the United Stales, lie went at once to Miciii<^aii, and for two years labored iinrd in a sawmill. Seeing but little chance for improvement in that line of life, he declared his intention of becoming a citi- zen of the liiiled States, and taking out his first papers of naturalization, removed to Clay County, Dak., where umler the beneficent Inw.s of a foster- ing government, he took up a homestead. Settling down upon it, he commenced its improvement and cultivation, and in time acquired a perfect title. There he remained, peacefully eng.iged in agricul- ture, until the fall of ISMl. when he sold out and came to Monona County, arriving here in Septem- ber, lie at once purchased fortj' acres of land on section 6. to which he has added from time to time until he now has a fine estate of two hundred and ten acres, one hundred of which he has brought to an excellent stale of cultivation. Mr. .'.ncobsen is the second in a family of seven children born to his parents, the others being Ola, Knoch, Olaus AV., Nichok'na, Ingobor O. and Mat- lie, lie was united in marriage while in Clay County. Dak., August 25, I8H1, with Mrs. E. Olson, but has no children. lie is a man of considerable mark in the community, and h.as the res|)cct and esteem of all who know him. fij^^RAXCIS DUNGAN, a leading farmer of I'l-Hgji Franklin Township, living on section '2iK J^\ came to Monona County in February. \ST.>. and purchased his farm of one hundred and twenty acres, upon which he now lives. This is one of the oldest places in tlie county, being a p:irl of the land entered by .\aron Cook, the first settler in the county. lie now owns one hundred and sixt)" acres, one hundred and twenli'-five of which is under cultivation, the balance being timber lam). Mr. Dungan was born in Mercer County. Ohio, March IC, 1821. and is the son of Samuel and Sarah (Roebuck) Dungan. His father is a native of I'l'Uiisvlvania and the mother of .Mar\ laml. His parents were married in Ohio, and in 1 82U removed to Noble County, Intl.. when there were only five families in that subdivision of the Slate. The mother ilied there in 1813, having had a family of twelve children, of whom our subject was the eld- est. The father, who was born December 20, 1801, was again married and had one child, lleiemoved to Iowa ill 18i.'!, and settled at Six Mile Orove, Ilarriion County, and engaged in farming. He died '.it old St. .Tohn's, in the same county, April 21, 1888. At one time he was one of the largest land- owners in that section, but previous to his death sold out and lived a retired life. The subject of our sketch w-as reared to man- hood in Indiana, receiving his education in the dis- trict schools. He was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Baughman, who died in Harrison County, Iowa, having had four children, only one of w^hom is living: Andrew, born .March 22. 185-1, now a resident of Sioux Cil}'. Mr. Dungan re- moved to IlarrisoD Countj- and settled upon a farm, where he was living at the time of the break- ing out of the war. At the third call of the Presi- dent for troops he enlisted in Company H, Sixth Iowa Cavalry, October 1. l8G2,and served in the ex- pedition under Oen. Sully, in his expedition against the .Sioux Indians on the Northwestern frontier. Their principal eng.agcment was the battle at White Stone Hill, in which our troops severely punished a band of the savages. After three years' service our subject was mustered out at Sioux City, re- ceiving his final discharge November 9, 18t!5, at Dubuque. He returned to Harrison Count}', whence he came to Monona Counly !is above statcil. Mr. Dungan was married the secoml lime .lune 5. 1873, to Mrs. Maria Harnett, h^p Evans, who was born in Tuscarawas County. Ohio, December 27, 1831. She was married in Trumbull Counly, III., whither she had removed, OcIoIh-t 21, 1852, to David F. Harnett, a native of While Cnunty. 111., .luly 2'.>, 18211. In the spring of 18C5 llie family lemoved to Harrison County, Iowa, where .Mr. Harnett died January 17. 1k71. He was t-lie father of eight children, as follows: Thomas, born De- cember 18, 1853, who died .lanuary 7. 1871; Fran- cis Marion, born October 21. 1857; Laurn, Octo- ber 31. I.s5!l; William. <'■'■'■■•' ■ 1-'-: .Marv E., G44 MONONA COUNTY. July 17, 1865; Lizzie. July 27. 18G7; and Lue, July 4, 1870. Lizzie Baniett came to Monona County with lier mother, and received her edu- cation at tbe Onawa High School. She commenced teacliiiig school in April, 188.5, and has continued in that profession ever since, the last term being tlio f:dl of 1889. -5 #-# 8- ■^ IVILLIAM .1. EVA, of Onawa, was born in Iowa County, Wis.. December 26, 1843, and is the son of Henry and Grace (Paul) Eva. His father, a native of Scotland, went in early life to Ceniborne, Cornwall, England, where he was married. He came to America in 18.30. and settled in Iowa County. Wis., during the time of tiic Hlack Hawk War. Henr^^ Eva was a butcher, a'ld followed that business in Wisconsin, until 18.")1, when he went to California via Cape Horn, aneiit some two years. Uctiirning to his home, he was theie united in marriage .btnuary 2s, 1875. with Miss Louisa Birk, a native of Ohio, who was born March U. 1851, and engaged in farming in that county, where he remained until the spring of 1882. At that time he came to Monona County ,aiid settled on a farm in Cooiier Township, where he now has some four hundred acres well improved and under a high stale of cultivation. In 1H87 Mr. Crow removed to the villn.gc of Mapleton. at which village he has since resided. In the fall of 1885. receiving the nomination for County Supervisor, at the conventions of the Dem- ocratic and I'nion Labor parties, Mr. Crow was elected to that ollice and re-elected to the same position in 1888. He is the present Chairman of the board. He is a stanch Democrat in his polit- ical view, but has a strong sympathy for the rights of the workingmen of which he is a represent^ilive. He is a member of Quarry Lodge, No. 404. .\. F. i: A. M.; of Monte Chrislo Lodge. No. 205, K. of P., and of the .Mapleton Division, No. 33, I'ni formed Rank of the latter order, all located at .Mapleton. Mr. Crow is the parent of two chihlren — Louisa Maud, who was born March lit, 187G. and Leon 1). who xvas born March 21. 1X81. ?^. HARLKS 11. CROO.M. a young, intelligent, and enterprising farmer anil sloek-raiscr of any. In a store at South Bend, hpl., for aliout a year he wa« em- 648 MONONA COUNTY. ployed as a clerk, after which he returned to Sac Countj'. this State, and after serving an apprentice- ship at the harness-making trade, bouglil the shop and engaged in business on his own account. From tliere he came to Mapleton as above noted. Mr. Barney was manied April 23, 1876, to Miss Naomi Cromer, who was born in Sac Countjs Iowa. April 10. 18;')."). and who died Augusts. 1877, leav- ing one child. Lulu E.. who was horn Fel)ruary 9, 1877. On May 9, 1879, Mr. Barney was united in marriage with Miss Phrebe A. Wilber. a native of Canada, who was born July 25, 1847. Mr. Barney is a member of Maple Valley Lodge, No. .399. L O. O. F. of Monti- Cristo Lodge, No. 205, K. P., and of Division No. 33 Uniform Rank. K. P., all located at Mapleton. 5)JiOM.\S B. LUTZ. atlorney-at-law, of :Ma- pleton, was born in Pittsfield, Pike Count3', N^^ 111., INIarch 6, 1854, to Adam and Nancy (Fernier) Lutz, natives of Pennsylvania, of Ger- man and Scotch descent, respectivelj'. His parents were married in Pennsylvania, and removed to Pike County, 111., in 1852, and in 1855 came West, set- tling in Linn Co., Iowa. During the cyclone that swept through the latter count}' in I860, the house in whioh they lived was destroyed, and the mother of our subject seriously injured, and a brother and sister killed. His mother died in February, 1861. After her death Thom.as lived with Michael N. Kramer until he was twelve years of age, after which he strove for fortune on his own account, saving hi? money with rigid economy that he might attend college. Entering the Western College, of Linn County, now Toledo, Tama County, he there remained, closely eng.aged in study, for about one year, after which time he eked out his income by school teaching, and attending school until he en- tered the Law Department of the Iowa State Uni- Tersity. fiom which he graduiited June 20, 1882. He then entered the law office of J. C. Leonard, of Cedar K;ipi(ls. and there remained most of the time until July 19, 1883, when he came to Mapleton. and opening an ofKce commenced the practice of law. January 1. 1886, he formed a partnership with J. D. Rice, with whom he remained just one 3'ear, since which time he has carried on the busi- ness alone. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and of Monto Cristo Lodge, No. 205, K. of P. Mr. Lutz was united in marriage, M.ay 20, 1885, with Miss Florence M. Cameron, who was born in Cedar Falls. Black Hawk County. Iowa, and is a daughter of J. R. Cameron, a former resident of Mapleton. Of this union there has been one child, Florence Josephine, born May 27. 1886, and who died with diphtheria, Febru.iy 13, 1889. J. K. Cam- eron was born m Pennsylvania, and removed with his parents to Stark County, Ohio, in his youth. He came to Iowa, and was married at Cedar Falls to Miss JIary E. Knapp, a native of New York, who came to Iowa with her parents in 1854. In the spring of 1879 Mr. Cameron located at Maple- ton, and engaged in the grain, real-estate and mer- cantile business, in which he remained until the spring of 1889, when he removed to Omaha, where he still resides. Mr. Lutz's father, who was a farmer and carpen- ter by occupation, died in Linn County, in June, 1885. ^OHN OUTHOUSE, deceased, was one of the old pioneers of Monona County, and one around whose settlement cluster many rem- iniscences of the early days at Preparation, was born in Bertie County, N. C, August 15, 1786. At the age of twenty years he removed Westward with the .adventurous pioneers of "the dark and blood}' ground," and settled in Trigg County, Ky., then in the woody wilderness. There he made his home until 1819, when, still moving upon the frontier of civilization, he removed to Clinton County, 111., among its earliest settlers, and there made his home until 1836. While a resident of the latter place, in 1835, under the ministry of Elder George M. Hinkle, he was converted to tin- faith, and joined the Church of Jesus Chri.^t. of Latter Day .Saints, a religious denomination in which he continued faithfnllj' and zealously until his death. In company with a number of his co- MUNUNA C'OINTV. 01 "J rclifrioiiisls. in ISftC, lie removed to Caldwell County, Mo., and settled ii|)on :i fine farm of one luindrcil and twenty acres, wliieh lie had all im- proved, but whieh, in 18."3S, owinir to [lerseeulion ami prieslcnift, lie Wius eompelUd lo saeritiee for n trille, ami tlee for liis life on account uf tin- upris- ing of the Missouri nioli*, y his reli|,'iou,s lieliefs and views on tlie slaver}' question. With aliout twelve thousand of the peo- ple of the cluirch he removed to Adams County. 111., and in 18J0 or l«41 settled at Nauvoo, the city of the church, from which he was .ngn in driven out in 1817, a short time after the .assassination of Joseph Smith. Leaving the colony he returned to Clinton County, where he remained till 1851, after which, in Andrew County. Mo., he made his home until 18.');5, when he came to Iowa and settled in Pottawa'-tamie County, ami thence, on the 4tli of April 18.") I, came to this county and settleil at Pre[mration with his son (ieorge. He died in Uel- videre Township, October 15, 1864, and his body lies buried in the township, in its ceineterj-. Mr. Outhouse was married, in Trigg County, Ky., I'Y'bruary 5, 1818, to Miss Martha Smith, a native of Heitie County, N. C, wlio was born .May 11, 1801', and she was the mother of eleven chil- dren, four of whom are living. She is making her home now with her son f Jeorgc, in Jordan Town- ship. She h.as been blind for the last sixteen years. -iS^fiJ— fL. AKDY MOKKllKAl), farmer and vettrin- Lli arv ^urnawa. He remained in that line of trade until March 1, 1868, after which he followed ttaming and freighting. In the fall uf 1SC9, in company with his brother John C. he pur- chased the one humlred and sixty-acre farm where he now lives. Hardy Morchead was born in Mercer ( ounty, 111., April I, 1839, anil is a son of James and .Ma- tilda (Hardy) Morchead, a sketch of whom i< given in connection with the life-narralivc ..f bis btolhtr .lohn C. Our subject was the si.\tli child in a fam- ily of nine, and grew to manhood in his native county, attending the district schools and assisting his father in the labi>r on the farm. While peaee- fully pursuing the avocations of his quiet life, he was rudely awakened by the loscin of war, that sounded through our laml. calling on the freemen of the North lo the defense of "best government the world has ever seen." At a time when all sought to llock to the defense of tlicir country and tl.ag. Hardy volunteereil, enlisting May, 25. 1 861. in Company I, .Seventeenth Illinois Infantry. Ihe regiment was organized at I'eriria, and went into camp of instruction at .\lton, but the times were such that but little time could be given to drill, anil they were soon forwardeil to the scene of hos- tilities. They were with (leii. Fremont on the ex- pedition to Cape (iirardeau. A history of this regiment would be a history of the war in the .Southwest, for wherever the engagement was the hottest, there was found this body of heroes. At Fredericktown, Fts. Henry and Donelson. Pin Hook, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, witnessed their daring courage. Mr. Morehead with a detachment of his com[)any participated in the aUack on Holly .Springs, .Miss., ami was there taken prisoner Decem- ber 29, 1862. After remaining in limbo for some lime, he was exchanged, and returned to the regi- ment June 5, 18C3. During the siege of Vick?- burg he remained with his comrades, after which he was transferred to Company F, Fourth Keyi- ment. Veteran Reserve Coriis. He was discliarge. He came to Monona County in the fall of 1871, and for two years was engaged in the stock business at Onawa with his brother, but in March, 1875, removed to his present residence on what is known as the N. A. Whiting homestead, where he has remained ever since. He is the managing part- ner of the stock business of Pike & Co., who con- trol over two thousand acres of land, and devotes the greater share of his attention to the raising and handling of thorongh-bred and grade cattle, chiefly Polled Galloway-, Durham Short-horn and Hereford cattle, and has met with eminent success in this line. Their ranche, which is one of the most ex- tensive in the county, is a model for neatness and convenience, and is well adapted for their purposes, and his residence one of the best in the county. Mr. Pike was born in Kennebec County', Me., November 21, 1843, and is the son of Peleg F. and Mary C. (Cofren) Pike. His father was a native of the same county, and was born December 11, 1813. He was reared upon a farm, but took a con- sider.ibl'i share in the political affairs of that sec- tion of the country, representing the district in the Lower House of the State Legislature for two terms, and in the State Senate for twice as long. The mother of our subject, also a native of Kennebec County, was born August 15, 1815, and June 12, 1839. was united in marriage with Peleg F. Pike, and reared a family of seven children, of whom Lewis is the second. Lewis Pike was reared to manhood upon the pa- ternal acres, and remained beneath the home roof- tree until 1871, when he came to Iowa and Mo- nona County, as above stated. Appreciating the Divine suggestion that -it were not well for man to live alone." January 21, 1875, Mr. Pike took unto himself a life-partner in the per- son of Miss Eva M. Whiting, a native of Alabama, and a daughter of Newell A. and Eliza (Criner) Whiting, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this department of the present work. B}' this union they have had five children, of whom the following is a record: Newell W., born September 3, 1876; Ford P., October 29. 1879. died Febru- ary 21, 1879; Harold L., born June 1, 1880; Ar- thur C, May 6, 1883; and Robert B., May 12,. 1887. EVERT E. BAKKE. tlie proprietor of the wagon manufacturing shop, at Onawa, was born in Norway, February 13, 1847, and was reared upon a farm, receiving his ed- cation at the usual country schools. Learning the carpenter's trade with an elder brother, he was en- gaged in that line of business until in April, 1866, when he crossed the ocean to America and for a short time was emplo3'ed at his trade in Chicago. From the latter cit}' he went to Dane County, Wis., and opened a wagon-making shop but onl}' re- mained until Ju\y, 1867, when he came to Onawa. He was in the emploj' of others, making and re- pairing wagons, until about 1879, when he com- menced work for himself. In the fall of 1886 he erected his present shop on block 65, on West Broadway, where he still carries on business. Mr. Bakke was married June 26, 1881, in Union County', Dak., to Miss Lena Swansou, a native of Sweden, who was born August 23, 1856, and who came to America with her parents in 1868, and took up her residence with the family in Union Countj'. They are the parents of four children: Edward MOXONA folNIV. CM A., who was liorii May 2;!, 1SIS2; ICinily ()., April l'.», 1881: Anna 1... .Inly '.), 18«6, and M.-Uikla .1.. .hme 17. 1888. Mr. Hakkc has a farm on section 17, LakcTown- shi|). which he piirthasi'd in company with his hrother Kdward, which has since been dividctl. This i.s well improved and under cnllivalion and is a valuable piece of properly. ^ ^ AC'OH KI-'.I,I.I-".H. who has a fertile and pro- ductive farm of about eighty acres of land on section 10, Lincoln Township, where lie makes his residence and carries on agricul- ture, came to this county in October, 1874, and purchased this place. There w:»s no improvement upon it at that time, so ihiring the following win- ter, he resided in the timber .iliout four miles west of it find labored at the sawmill. In the spring following, he erected a house into which he and his family removeil about the Istof Ma^-. In this they resided until the spring of 1877, when the}' lost the house and all its contents by lire. He at once put up the house in which the family have resided since. When he came to Monona County the en- tire wealth c>f Mr. Keller would hardly reach *150 but he h., 1868, Mr. Keller was united in marriage with Mi.ss Louisa M. •lohnsoa, a native of Eric County, I'a., and the daughter of William and Euphemia .lohnson. He settle'. Mr. an04-M- ^17 EVI n. ERSKINE, one of the pioneers of ill (jP <^ rant Township, who, although still inak- /i^^ii^ ing bis home upon his farm in that loculily, on section 28, is extensively engaged in the stock business at Ute, Mapleton and Charter Oak. having yards at each place, and in the grain business at the village of I'te. is also a member of the firm of L. \). Erskine f thiit year, he set out and in the course of his travels came to Monona Count)'. Hi'iiijj pleased with the conntrj- lie botifrht the farm where he now lives, whieh CDUiprises some sixty acres, and set about its improvement, lie h.is aliDut forty acres under an excellent stale of cnllivalion, the balance of his land lieinj^ devoted to tinilMjr anil meadow. His parents having died ' before he came to this country, and his brother re- siding in New York State, lie has no desire to re- turn to the land of his birth, being satisfied with his citizeiisliip here. While living in New York. December 3. IftTI. Mr. AVilkins was united in marriage with Miss Mary Lanier, a native of the ICmpire State. They had a family of five children — August, William, Minnie. Ilermnn and Frank, all of whom are living at home. Mr. Wilkins is highly respected and es- teemed in the community in which he lives, and is looked up to as one of the leading Oerman citizens. »|i_^ lAL A. WIIKKLKK. .M. D.. the leading physician and surgeon of Onawa, and the senior member of the drug firm of Wheeler & Kgli,was born in liarton, Orleans County. Vt.. .June 20, 18.0 I. and is the son of .'^il!^s and .lane F. (Grow) Wheeler. His father was born near Keene, N. II., August 1. 1X22. and at the age of two years was taken by his parents to Vermont, where he grew to manhood on a farm. and followed agricultural pursuits until 1870. In the latter year he sf)ld his place and engaged in the livery business, carrying on a slage line and filling mail contracts for some ten years. In \HT.> he came to .Munona County and taking up insiirunce. assisted his son. A. K. Wheeler, in his abstract ollice. He is now living with a daughter in La Orange, III. 'J'he mother of our subject, "ho was liMrn in Or- leans Couuty. Vt.. .lune 5. 1828. was the parent of four chililren: Amelia R.. who was born August ."). 18,50. now the wife of .1. L. Corlis.s, of La Orange, 111.; Ilial A.; A. K.. born February 17. 18.5G,an at- torney of P>ugeiic City. Ore., and Charles H., born February 27, 18(il, a student in modieiuc. residing at Hlencoe. The Doctor was educateIs of his native State, and after attending for one year the Free Will Hnplist Seminary, at Lindon. was engaged as a clerk for two-jears in Hoslon. where he remainetl until the year of 1872. From that city he w.as Iransferrcil to New York City, by the same company, andtherc made his home until March 7. IHT.'i. lie then returned to his home, and assisted his father in the livery and stage htisiiiess until September 9, of that year. At the latter d.ate he started West settling in La Salle County. III..where he engaged in teaching school for some two years. In the spring of 187.5 he came to .Monona County with a team and ftjilowed farming and tc.aching in Lincoln and Fairview Townships for some two years, with success. In July. 1877. entering the State Iniversity at Iowa City. Dr. Wheeler commenced the study of medicine and was graduated from that institution March 2, 1881. Having removed his family to .Morse, .lackson County, this .State. while in college, he commenced the pr.acticeof his chosen profession in that village, where he remained until Octolier, 1881, when he removed to Hiverside, Washington County. .June I, 1883. he came to Onawa and h.as cmliarked in a ver}- successful practice, which has increased to an amazing extent and extends throughout all the county. He has one of the largest professional libraries in the county, and is a close student in his profession. The Doctor wa.s married September 27. 187fi, by the Rev. C. X. Lyman, to Miss Mary C. Ingham. .She was born at La Orange. Fayette County, Tex.. February 26. 1854. and came to Monona County with her parents in May. 187.5. Of their union there have been four children born to the Doctor and his wife, iipim the following dates: .1. Rush, at Iowa City, .April 28. 1879; K. Ruel. at .Morse. Iowa, March G. 1881; A. Ray. April l«. 18.So. al Onawa, and .lessie .1.. .lune 20. IXMfi. Ilolh the Doctor and his wife are members of the Congrega- tional Church of which he has l>een a Trustee for five years. He is the Health Olllcer of the city and an active worker in the Prohibition cause. Dr. Whoejii- ■'■•■ author and publisher of G.J4 MONONA COLMY. "Abstracts of Pharmacology'," a work prepared for the use of physcians and pharmacists, and especially for the use of students of medicine and pharmac}', who are preparing for examination in colleges and before State boards of examiners. -/\/v\.»\ce£j2'®"j€r" i f,t^^>/!!7nrt^^nn^ J^OBIAS FEGENBUSH, one of the earliest IjT-^ settlers in tlie town of Lake, now living on g^ section 28, in that township, came to Mo- nona County, prospecting, in November, 1855. After remaining here three weeks, he decided to settle, and brought his family here in April, 1856. lie came through from Tama County by team, al- though llie roads was almost impassable on account of the wet. He settled on the shores of Silver Lake, in Ashton Township, in the old dirt cabin that formed a temporary resting place for so many of tlie olil settlers of this county. Having erected a log cabin, upon liis claim on section 28, Lake Township, he removed there In the fall of 1857. Twu years later he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, and upon this he has made his residence ever since. There were no improvements upon It at the time, being entirely in i)ristine wild- ness, as was most of the county at that period. ^Ir. Fegenbush commenced, at once, bringing it under cultivation, breaking some forty acres of It, which he planted with corn and put up a good frame building. Tills land, which lay on the weed prairie, was entirely dilTereijt from that known as the hay lar.ds, the soil breaking up, under the plow, like old ground that had been tilled for years. Mr. Fegenbush and his family were the third settlers in the township, and remained there almost .ilone all the winter of 1857-58. In the fall of 1858 another family made its appearance, and the next spring many others. Indian scares in those early days were of frequent occurrence. I'pon one occasion some four or five Sioux Indians came down to this cninty, .and while here killed a squaw belonging to the Omaha tribe. In the skir- mish tli.1t ensued, one ai the Sioux was wounded and liually killed, and the others went off vowing vengeance. The few scattered pioneers of this re- gion became terribh* alarmed, and gathered to- gether at various houses, several families coming to Mr. Fegenbush's house at midnight. Happily matters passed off without any further trouble and all returned to their homes. Tobias Fegenbush is a native of German}-, and was born May 11,1806. In the spring of 1818, he accompanied his parents, who emigrated to the New World, and settled at New Orleans, La. In the spring of 1820 they moved up the Mississippi River on an old-fashioned keel boat, reaching Jefferson County, Ky., in August. Our subject remained with his parents In that State until November, 1836, when he married Miss Caroline Barringer, and re- moved to Jackson County, Ind. In the latter he purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres of land, all of which was entirely covered with heavy timber, but, by the aid of perseverance and hard work, he cleared off about one hundred acres of it and tilled the soil. There he made his home until the fall of 1855^ when he removed to Tama County, this State, and in the spring of 1856 to Monona Count}'. Here his history has been identical with that of the county, which he has seen grow up from an entire wilderness to its pre- sent well-populated and prosperous condition, and has had no unimportant part in its progress and de- velopment. Mr. and Mrs. Fegenbush have had a family of fourteen children, of whom ttn are living: Jacob C, Daniel E., John P., Joseph F., David W., Will- iam D., Julia A., Catherine, Eliza, and Maggie. Those deceased bore the names of Elizabeth, Re- becca, Sarah J., and Hattie. / h '\fi OHN E. HARRIS, a farmer and stock-raiser^ residing at Ouawa, came to Monona Couutj' In January, 1879, and made his home with lis uncle, John Elwell, mention of whom is made in this work. He was born in Salem County, N. J.. November 18, 1837, and is a son of Johnson and Mary (P^lwell) Harris, natives of New Jersey, who died in Maryland, the mother in 1871, at the age of seventy years, and the father in 1873, when MO^u^A I III .\ IV Gr>5 about sevciily-oiglil years olil. Our sulijocl, llie youngest of a faiiiiiy of five children, went with his parents in 1 SoO to Chester. Kane County, Md . where ho grew lo manhood. Oololier ;>, lHt;i. ho enlisted in Company C. .Second Maryland Infantry, and served in defense of his Hag and country in the de- partnioiits of West \'iriiinia and the Slu'iiaiidoah \'alloy and participated particularly in the conquest before Lynchburg. lie was discharged from the service and returned to his home, where he re- maineil until his parent's death and he h.-\d settled up the estate, after which he came to Iowa. Mr. Harris was married at Onawa .June 9, 1882^ to Miss Isabel Ksley. who was born in Indiana March 22, 1837, and they have one adopted child, Minnie, bom in October. 1885. lioth Mr. and Mrs. Harris are members of the Methodist Kpis- copal Church and he is a member of Ilanscom I'ost, No. 97, (!. A. R. of Onawa. Francis Ksle}'. the father of Mrs. Harris, was a native of Kentucky, but was reared in Indiana and there he married Miss Kliza Long, a native of Washington County, Pa. In 1839 he removed lo Iowa from which in 18,51 he went to Mercer County. HI., where he ditnl .lanuary H, 18"),5, his wife preceding him in death in .lanuary. 1853. KDKR OLSEN, the senior member of the jlj firm of Olsen iV Hammer, merchant tailors ^ at Onawa, was born in Norway, .lanuar}' 15, 1811. He grew to manhood in the land of his birth, where he received a goud com- mon-school education. In early life he learned the tailor's trade which he follower MOW hns about one liundreil :iii(t lltirty acius iiiuler cullivntion, ahoiit one liiiiidrcil acres in na- tive tiinl)er, the hahini.-c h(>in<; pastiiro, anti iisiiiaily keeps .iliont lifteen head of horses, one liiintlrei) of cattle and nearly !«s many hogs. Kor the past ten years he has l)een in the loan htisincss fur ejLslern l>arties. Mr. Noroross. a native of Walworth Cmiiity, Wis., w.as barn Ausjust S.'), 1M5I, and is the son of Walter W. and Lncy A. (Moore) Noreross. His father was born in Syraense. N. Y.. Febrnary 28, IS-il, and early in life adopted farniiiiif as a voca- tion. Ill l.Hll he came to Wisconsin settling in La (irange Township, Walworth Comity, where he still resides. The mother of our subject, also a native of tlie Kinpire Slate, was married July 4, l.'*;')!), and became the mother oi ci^lit children — Warren II.. Leonard L., Zoe Iv, Kdilli iM. Lucy A., Justus and Sarah. IMilli M. died .lanuary .'). 1885. Kdward .1. Noroross laiil the foundation of his education in the district schools of lii.^i native county ami in I8(;i) was in attendance at the Milton College. By following teaching he gained the means for his fiirtlier instruction in the .Slate Normal school, at Whitewater, Wis., on graduat- ing from which he ad )pled te^icliin^ for a pro- fession. Ueing entirely thrown upon his own re- sources since boyhood, it is to his credit that he has acquired a fair education, rio.seciiting the duties of his calling for several years previous to comiu!:; to this county, iin.|^^<%.. . {. LOF LKFF. Among the successful citi- zens of Scamlinavian birth, residing in .Mo- nona County, there are probably but few who have attained more prominence as enterprising and business-like agriculturists, than the subject of this sketch. lie is a resident of IJelvidere Town- ship, living on section 24, where he purch.ascd hundred and twenty acres of land on coming to the county in the spring of 1882. His inlelligenleffoits toward eom|X'tcney and wealth have thus far suc- ceeded to the extent of increasing his farm to four hundred and eighty acres.one hundred and si.\ly-li ve of which he is eng.iged in the cultivation of. the balance being devoted to stoi-k purposes. Mr. Leff was born near Falun. Sweden, S.-plom- ber :J0. 1810. and is the son of Olof .ind Maruaret (Johnson) LefT. His father was born in the same kingdom in 18li>, and after having been engageil in farming all his life in that region, died there M.ay C, 18GC. The latter had ni'irried in 18.'{'J. Miss .Mar- garet Johnson, who was born near Falun, Septem- ber 1.0, 1812, and who, in 18GI», after the death of her husb.ind came to the United States, in com- pany with her sons, John and Kriek, and after liv- ing for a time in Illinois an^- #^ ^ fNTON HANSON, the well-known black- smith, located at Soldier Post-ofKce, was born in Norwa}', April 29, 1859, and is the son of Hans and Hellene Oleson. Receiv- ing a fair education in his ^-outh, he was appren- ticed to learn the blacksmith's trade at which he served until attaining his majority, on which, in April, 1882, he crossed the ocean to seek under broader and freer institutions a greater chance for his efforts and to better his fortune, fin.ancially, and landed at Philadelphia, Pa. For about a year he found employment there at his trade, but having the '■ *i-estern fever," crossed the broad continent to Washington Territory', where for about a month he was engaged in driving a team at Tacoraa. Removing to Seattle, he worked at his trade for about six months, and was then employed on a steamboat as a deck hand for a couple of months more. Going to the coal mines at New Custle, he acted as cook for a part}' for some three months, and then started back east- ward and came to Monona County in the fall of 1884. Renting a smithy he commenced business at Soldier and the following year erected the build- ing which he now occupies and there set up his forge. In August, 1887, Mr. Hanson purchased a farm on section 20, which was broken and fenced and upon which, the same fall, he erected a house, the main part of which is 14x22 feet on the ground, with an annex 14x11. Here he makes his home, carrying on his trade and cultivating the soil at the same time. August 2. 1886, Mr. Hanson w.as united in mar- riage with Miss Telle Peterson, a native of Norw.iy, who was born March 21, 1863, and is a daughter of Peter and Maren Mortenson. Of this union there have "been two children — Lilli B., born M.ay 11, 1887, died August 30, 1887; and Mabel II., born .January 30, 1889. -t§^3-t- ; OSEPH D. BUTT, who came to Monona I County in 1866, after his discharge from the ' service of the general Government, he hav- ' ing been one of the "brave boys in blue," that " stood in the lurid front of fierce battle in defense of home and country," and located in Spring Val- ley Township, on section 15, where he purchased some three hundred and twenty acres of land upon which he resided for twenty years previous to his removal to the village of Turin, where he is en- gaged at the present time in the livery stable busi- ness. He is a native of Ohio, born in Athens County, June 7, 1833, and is the son of Joseph and Annie (McCune) Butt. His father was born in Lancaster County, Pa., about the year 1807, and when some six or seven years of age, was taken to Ohio by his parents who settled in Tuscarawas County. At the age of twenty-one, he located in Athens County, in the same State, where he died about 1850. He had been a farmer all his life and was somewhat successful in that line. His wife was a native of Mr i\i i\ V n (lV']-v 659 the IvpysloiiL' Male, some lew yeuis \ I'luiyei lUan her hiishuixl niul wii* the mother of fifteen children, only five of whom are living. Joseph D. reeeivetl the adv.antiiges of a common- school eilneation in his youth and wag eng,agp(l in the quiet avocations of farm life, until August 9, 1H()1, when, having enlisted in Company I. Thirty- Ninth Ohio Infantry, he started from Nelsonville, Ohio, to the seat of war. After a short time spent in the camps of instruction, he went to Lexington, .Mo., and from there to Kansas City, where he was discharged in November, 1861. He returned to his home and for eleven months was engaged in mining, when he again enlisted, this time in Com- pany K, One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, an the service of the general government at .Marietta. Ohio. August 18, 1862. Ueing forwarded to the front, he participated in the glories won by his noble regiin»nt, that gallant body of men who so often carried their State flag so far front on many a stricken field. At Win- chester. PiednK>nl, Lynchburg, in all the battles about Hichmond, at Petersburg!!, Weldou Railroad and in the final scenes of the war at Appomattox, he participaleil and was discharged at Uichmond, \i\.. August, 1MG5. Returning to his home, in a political difficulty with the sheriff of Athens Count}-, this hero, who had |>a-sed unscathed through four- teen bloody battles.was shot anf John and Fannie Moorhead, and is the parent of five children — Anna F., Mary K.. Clara, John and James. 5^ TEPHKN I). DKPUK. The subject of this sketch, in the prime of life and in the midst of his usefulne.-s, occupies a prominent po- sition as a leading farmer and stock-raiser of St. Clair Township, where he has lived for the past ten years. He has built up from a tract of '.. ill land u valuable farm of four hundred and forty acres and is numbered among the atUuent and well-to-do citizens who have made their mark in Monona County's development. Our subject first opened his eyes on the other side of the St. Lawrence River, in the Dominion of Canada, May 1 j, 18:38, ami is the son of Isaac and Hannah (Wilcox) Depue. When about ten years of age, with his mother, he came to the United .Stales and located in Lake County, III., where he remained some two years with his widowed mother, his father dying in Can.ada, June 23, 1818. The latter was a native of New York and was born September 11, ISO;}. His wife Mrs. Hannah De- pue, who was born in Canada, Jul}' 11, 1811, died in Lake County, III., November 14, 18,08. Mr. Depue at the age of twelve years removed to Jack- son County, Iowa, where he made his home until 1858, and then returning to Lake County, there remained two years more. After settling in Clinton, this State, on the 1 llh of August. 1862, Mr. Depue enlisted in C"orapany A, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, "The Iowa Temperance Regiment." which w.as raiseil by Col. Kber C. Hyarn. After being mustered into the ser- vice at Muscatine, September 18, this well-known regiment was sent to the front, at Helena. Ark., in the campaign that leil to the capture of Grand Gulf and Fort liibson, in .May. 186.'?. anit'il at Keo- kuk, where he remained until after the close of the war, receiving his discharge September 14. 1865. Returning to CImton County, he was there engaged in farming until the spring of 1880, when he re- moved to Monona County, settling on section .TH, in St. Clair Townshi[i. Five years later he pur- chased the land adjoining it on section 25, to which after erecting his present residence, he removed and has ever since made his home. His residence is most happily situated and pleasant both in inter- nal arrangement and general situation, and is one uf the finest in that section of the county. 660 MONONA COUNTY. Mr. Depue, May 2. 1874, in Clinton County, Iowa, was united in niavriage witli Miss Nancy A. Siuitli. a native of Jaclison County, this State, wlio was born.lune 11. 1819. The Kidy at twelve years of age had removed with her parents to Clinton County, where she finished lier education, grew to young womanhood and was married. By their union there has been born to them a famil3' of two girls: Editli, upon November 9, 1876; and Grace. Jan- uary 10, 1884. ^^^osC-t — >»-f4^ — "^ 1/ ^ ENRY N. NEWTON, a prominent agricul- \l turist of Grant Township, having his resi- dence on section 34, is a native of England, having been born in the parish of St. Swiliiin, Lincoln, August 21, 1827, and is the son of William P. and Mary C. (Stanfield) Newton. His father, born on Good Friday, in 1803, in the city of Lincoln, England, was the son of William New- ton, an English sailor, who having charge of the locks in Yorkshire, in a later day was there killed. William P., a well educated man, having graduated from the Blue Coal School at Lincoln, was a mill- wriglit and engineer, and died in the summer of lbC2. lie was married to Miss Mary Cleeker Stan- field, in the city of Lincoln, who died subsequently in that place. They had six children, three of whom are living — Henry; Betsy, Mrs. Peck, a resi- dent of Lincoln, England ; and Charlotte, Mrs. Will- iam Stanfield, of Antwerp, Ohio. Henry received a common-school education in his youth, in his native city, and at the age of four- teen years entered the machine shop, in the Clay- ton & Shuttleworth Iron Works at Lincoln, where he served an apprenticeship of seven years. After having learned liis trade he started for tlie United States, arriving in New York July 9, 1850, the day that President Taylor died. A short time after he lie went to New Castle, Pa., where he followed his tr.ade about a year, and for two years at St. Clair. Mich. After a short visit to his home he returned to St. Clair, Mich., where, in the John E. Kitton Iron Works, he was emi)lo3'ed for some three years, and tiien took a position in the machine shops of tlie Lake Sliore &: Michigan .Southern Railroad, with whom he remained sixteen years, twelve at Adrian, Mich., and four at Elkhart, Ind. In March 1876, he came to Monona County, and located in Grant Township, on section 34, where he purchased two hundred acres of land. He has now over three hundred acres, eighty of it under ciiltivation, tlie balance being in meadow and pasture, he giv- ing the greater share of his attention to stock- raising. Mr. Newton was married September 26, 1853, at Clenchwarton, North Lynn, Norfolk, England, to Miss Martha Barron, a native of that place and a daughter of Thomas and Ann Barron, and by this union they have been the parents of eight children, as follows: George I., born July 17, 1854; Will- iam H., July 31, 185G, who died May 29, 1863; Mary Ann. born January 31, 1858; Charlotte J. October 5. 1860, who died July 30, 1865; Alice Neal, born May 4, 1864; Henrietta, October 20, 1866; Thomas, August 9. 1869; and John W. No- vember 27, 1874. -f3=^=f=. Lincoln Townsliip, and sections 11 and 14, Franklin, to which he removed with his family and resumed the pursuit of agricul- ture, lie remained upon the farm for about three years and then came to \Vhitiii<; and assumed his present position. He is still the owner of his fine farm which contains one hundred and sixty acres and is well improved and stocked, and gives it his personal supervision, hiring- the manual labor neces- sary to carry it on. Mr. Christie is a native of the county of Gren- ville, in the Province of Ontario. Can.ada, born .Ifliiuarv 21, 1845, anil is the son of Robert and Maria (Boyd) Christie, and is of Scottish ances- try. His father was born in Sterlingshire. .^cot- land. September 20, 1800. and canic to Canada with his parents in 1820, Duncan Christie, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, settling in Crenville County. The latter had been quite wvll to do in his native land and the owner of ex- tensive woolen mills, but owing to a panic in the woolen market, caused by the long sustained wars with Napoleon, came to this continent and en- gaged in agriculture. This he followed until his death, which occurreil about 1859. when about ninety. His wife died some three years previous. Robert Christie, the f.ather of our subject, the second in a family of ten children, was engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits for many years. Mrs. Christie, the mother of Lawrence, was born in Grenville County. Canada, in 1814. and is the daughter of David ami .Maria Boyd. L. K. Christie may almost be termed a self- made man. leaving the patern.'d roof at the age of fifteen to work out bis own path through life. I)etermineber 22. 1849, and came to America with her parents the same year. .She received her education at the (leneva Seminary. New York, and finished at Musicvalc Seminary, Conn. ^7.5^ Il lilllii liiiiii' III iiiiiiH