n □ Jewish Relief And The War »••••«•••••••«•••••••• PUBLISHED BY THE Jewish War Relief Committee CHELSEA, MASS. □ -H- □ Jewish Relief And The War Editorial Staff Editor-in-Chief BARNETT COHEN Chelsea Evening Record Associate Editors EMIL ROBBINS Jewish Advocate Dr. MAURICE A. GILBERT ISSUED BY THE CHELSEA JEWISH WAR RELIEF COMMITTEE ^S FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE JEWISH WAR SUFFERERS JULY, 1916 Jacobs Press 32 Causeway Street, Boston fflonlFul0 \ I Letter from Justice Brandeis 3 I Foreword (David A. Lourie) 4 i The Jews and The War 5 I A Cry For More Help (Jacob de Haas) 11 i I "I Did Enough" (A Goldberg Cartoon) 12 I Carnegie Hall Meeting 13 I Jewish Philanthropy and The War (Alexander Brin) 14 i I Relief Work at the Colleges (Henry Epstein) 16 The Work in Chelsea (Leo j. Lyons) 18 Financial Report of Chelsea Committee 19 The Lowly Jew 21 Appeal 22 LC Control Number 2001 534100 ■ »H^'>''«i'»''» " »<'»-'>--«»^">~«««»«.>..«««««~»..>«»..«..«..>..««.«..»..»~«~»..»..>..»..««^..«..»..«..«^,.^„,..^.,„,..,..,..^„,..^.^.,„,„,^^^ 2 — ^'(1 Letter From Justice Brandeis Ii3 5 KIRSTEI^ ABRAHAM P SPITZ, As OAViO STERN AssIsta 1_INA H FRANKENSTEIN -f*ATIONAI. COMMITTEE COMMnTEE I SuLzeenocR AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE FOR aUFFERePS FROM THE WAR NEW ENGLAND BRANCH 161 Devonshire Street Room 1009 BOSTON MASS Telephone FORT HILL 5619 April 14, 1916. b/p David A. Lourie, Esq., 4a Court St., Boston, Mass. My dear Mr. Lourle: The Jews of Chelsea by their work during the last year, hoth for general war relief and for the Zionist cause, have proven themselves worthy of Jewish traditions. They have shown that they value their great inheritance. They have shown that they recognize the needs and the aspirations of a great people ; and the fact that they have recognised this gives reason to hope that what they have done in the past is but an earnest of what may be expected in the future. Very cordially yours. STOCK San framcisco S|ktt>-eA5feaw^^^^ — 3 ^ FOREWORD ^ From the beginning of the war to January ist, 19 1 6, the collection of funds in Chelsea for the relief of Jewish war sufferers in Europe was made by various organizations, without any system, often duplicating work, and at times con- flicting. While considerable money was raised during this per- iod it became apparent to those interested in the w^ork that a united committee, representing all the organizations engaged in relief work, would be beneficial to the cause. Consequently, about January ist, 19 16, the committees re- presenting the People's Relief Committee, the Central Relief Committee^ and the American Jewish Relief Committee, or- ganized as a joint body under the name of the Chelsea Jewish War Relief Committee and immediately started plans for the collection of funds on January 27th, which was known as Pres- ident's Day. The advantages of this combination were made manifest by the surprising success attained on that event. Over five thousand dollars was subscribed on that single occasion through the ma- nifold activities of the volunteers and the various committees. The Committee has met since then weekly. Under its auspices a ball was held which netted a good amount. This booklet is issued now as an additional means of obtaining money for the cause. In the efforts of the Jewish people of this city to raise funds the sympathy and assistance of our Gentile neighbors has been at all times extended to us. We, indeed, appreciate this feeling of love and brotherhood between our fellowmen, regardless of sect or creed. We, accordingly, take this opportunity of extending our sincere thanks and gratitude to our Christian friends for their fellow-feeling shown to us at all times; also to our local press, who have generously contributed valuable space to assist our efforts. When posterity will look back in reading history the present generation will undoubtedly occupy a creditable part for th,3 activities and contributions which they have made to this cause We hope that the Jews of Chelsea may continue united in this and other causes and that their efforts in the future will be as^successMas in^the^past. ^^^^^ ^ LOURIE. — 4 — The Jews and the War The status of the Jew in the belligerent countries of Europe and in Palestine; how the war has af- fected the situation ; atrocities in Russia. An Appeal from the Trenches. Since the commencement of the present European AVar, the old and ostensibly antiquated Jewish question has become a new and vital one. Press, public opinion and diplomats in the belligerent countries are discussing it. Many proposals have originated as to the most practical method of utilizing the present crisis for the amelioration of the Jews' condition the world over. Fully 10,000,000 of the 14,000,000 Jews in the world are af- fected by this world catastrophe. In all the area involved in the war the Jews bear the heaviest of the conflict. There are now twelve nations fighting with armies totaling at least 20,000,000 or 2.6 per cent of the population of the na- tions engaged. The Jews engaged in the war comprise the biggest army they iiave ever put forth. A conservative estimate, given in "The Jewish Chronicle" puts the number at over 550,000, or 5.5 per cent of all the Jews in the world, — double the proportion of Gentiles engaged. And what are they fighting for? They are fighting against their own brethren ; killing the members of their own families ; and yet they have not the con- solation of knowing that they are fighting for some military honor or in anticipation of a possible reward. They are not at war in the interests or for the protection of the remainder of their families. But the Jew, wherever he may be, is loyal to the flag under which he lives, even when that flag symbolizes tyranny, oppression and denial of civil rights. When the war broke out thousands of Jewish young men returned to Russia, from where they fled in the furtherance of their education which was denied them in their own country, to fight voluntarily for the Russian cause knowing that all hope of — 5 — promotion or advancement to a higher rank was in vain. On the battlefield, however, those Jewish soldiers showed their hero ism and superior talent and this valor on the part of those Jews won for them the respect of their colleagues in the field and hundreds of them were awarded the much coveted cross of St. George, granted only to those who distinguish themselves courageously in the face of the enemy. This, however, did not prevent the Russian government from issuing an order, which seems to have been promulgated in March 1915, forcing 200,000 people to leave the war zone at short notice. It decreed nothing less than the expulsion of all Jews from the military zones in Galicia, Bukowina and Poland. As an excuse for this order Russia pleaded the alleged disloyalty of the Jewish population. That allegation, needless to say, could have been based at most upon the treason of a few individuals. But this indictment against a whole nation was directed not at any locality, or at any general section of the population. It was a decree against Jews as Jews. The municipal self government resolution, introduced in Poland on March 30, 191 5, further restricted the Jewish popula- tion in the city councils. In cities where Jews comprise over one- half of the total population of the ctiy, they elect one-fifth of the total number of city aldermen. In other cities the number of Jewish aldermen shall in no case exceed one-tenth of the total number of aldermen. In addition Jews are not eligible for Chair- men of Municipal Council, or as Presidents, City Elders, or members of the Executive Committees, or as Secretaries or Acting Secretaries. The rules introduced in April, 1915, by the Acting Minister of Public Education with regard to the admit- tance to Secondary Schools of the children of Jews who have been called into the active army and have received a distinction or of those who have been killed or wounded are more striking. The Jewish soldiers in the Russian army total 350.000 out of a Jewish population of 6,060,000. They are fighting in the ranks to retain Poland for the Russian crown. They are, nevertheless, subjected by these new laws to the most extraordinary dis- criminations. The Jewish population of the British Isles is about 245,000, and over 16,000 are in the ranks. Hundreds have secured medals and three have been honored with the most desired order, the Victoria Cross. The Lord Chief Justice, Baron Reading, a Jew, mobilized the financial resources of the country. The treasurer — 6 ••••••••.«..«..l of the Red Cross Organization is Lord Rothchild. Hon. Herbert Samuels is a member of the Coalition cabinet. Five Jews are holding- positions in the British Cabinet, five are in the House of Lords, six are Privy Councilors, sixteen are Baronets, four- teen are Knights and eighteen are members of Parliament, In France the total Jewish population is a little over 100,000. Ten thousand of them are in the ranks giving splendid service, on land, sea and in the air. In the regular army there were at the beginning of the war 8 Jewish generals, 14 colonels, 21 lieu- tenants, 68 majors and 107 captains. General Heymann, the Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor, has been put in charge of a French Army corps. Five Jews are holding important po- sitions in the Cabinet. The 615,000 Jews in Germany, although without complete social privileges, have borne their full share of the burdens of war. We quote the Rev. S. B. Rohold, pastor of the Christian Synagog of Toronto, in "The Missionary Review." "German Jews have contributed their full share towards that remarkable display of efficiency, both military and econ- omic, which has astounded the world. In every branch of the social and political life the Jew has left his mark. Karl Marx laid down the scientific foundation of socialism, and Ferdinand Lassalle founded the German Social-Democratic party, and its leaders, up to the present head, Hugo Hassa, were all Jews, The head of the Revisionist party is Edward Bernstein, who, on ac- count of his anti-war views, is an exile in Switzerland. What an irony that the only man who dared to defy the Kaiser in the Reichstag, and vote openly against the German war-loan, and was not beheaded, was Herr Liebknecht, a Jew ! "One secret of the efficiency of the German armies lies in their wonderful organization of transportation. To a Jew — Herr Albert Ballin — the Kaiser has entrusted the general management of all the German railways, and he is personally in charge of the transportation of all the German troops. This Jew who is not wanted is most desirable now. Iron crosses have been la- vished galore on the German-Jewish soldiers." The Jews in Italy were not emancipated until 1870. They now have a Jewish population of 45,000 and have given to Italy Baron Sonnino, a Jew, who is the Foreign ]\'Iinister and who helped to persuade the King to cast his lot with the allies. Signor Luigi Liizzatti is the Prime Minister and served on six previous occasions as Minister of Finance. The Jewish members of Parliament number sixteen and there are fourteen Jewish Senators. The President of the Council of State, Signor Mal- vano, is the best-hated man in Germany, because he could see through the tactics of its special Ambassador, Prince Von Beulow, and checkmated all his political maneuvers, so that he had to return, a complete failure, to Germany with his Italian wife. M. Salvatore Barzilai, whom King Victor Emanuel ap- pointed as a Cabinet Minister, is a conspicuous man in Italv today and the late Minister of War, General Otholenghi, is the idol of the Army. A Jewish Population of 1,313,687 in Austria has provided that country with 180,000 soldiers, including one field-marshal 6 generals, 17 colonels, 15 lieutenant-colonels, 48 majors and 211 other officers. Fifteen thousand Jews make their homes in Belgium and the first man taken as a hostage when the Germans entered Antwerp was a Rothchild. Roumania has given evidence of its hostile attitude towards the Jews. Thousands of Jewish refuges who fled before the savagery of the Russian army which invaded Bukowina, sought refuge in Roumania. These were treated with great brutality by Roumanian officials in the border towns. By the famous Treaty of Berlin which Beaconsfield did all in his power to promote, complete religious liberty for the Jews in Roumania was made a condition of independence ; but by different subterfuges Rou- mania has consistently succeeded in evading its obligations, and in spite of protests from other powers, has unceasingly harried the Jews until it seems now as if the complete extinction of the race is the polic}'. In the summer of 191 5, the government issued an order to the administrative authorities of all districts border- ing on Austria-Hungary to expel all Jews from the frontier and send them to the interior of the country. The officials took advantage of this edict to expel not only the refugees but also hundreds of Jewish citizens of Roumania who had been living in the border towns for generations. The Jews were ordered to leave Avithin forty-eight hours and in many cases were not permitted to take their belongings with them. The catastrophe that befell the Jewish hope in Palestine is very hard to realize. A very conservative estimate states that during the past century half a billion dollars were spent by the different Jewish philanthropists and Jewish colonization and Zionists societies. Fort}' flourishing colonies have sprung up in the deserts of Palestine and Galilee and though they have been encouragingly prosperous, the Jcav now sees his national hope for the country of his fathers vanishing into thin air, and the progress made in the re-habilitation of this sacred soil is sud- denly checked to satisfy the conquering ambition of this or the other countrv. And towards what end will all this lead to? How can we turn our mind from the thousands of our people who are now moving upon the highlands of Europe? We can see old men, white with the snow of ages, who call to their God to lead them out of these lands of desolation, as He led His children from the Land of Egypt. The Jews of America realize that the fate of the entire race depends on them. The three million in this country, not directly involved in the great cataclysm, are called upon to perform an historic duty in assuming responsibility for the protection of the whole of their people. American Jewry has not an instant to lose. • One moonlight night Martin Feist of Frankfort, private in an infantry regiment, leaning against the front of his trench in France, let his thoughts travel to his relatives and friends, especially to one comrade killed a short time before by a French bullet. In a letter this Jewish soldier in the trenches sets down these nocturnal meditations in the following poignant lines : — »••••»••.••••••••••••••#•••••••«•••••••••••• "I got thinking of all my friends and relations, and above * all, of him, the faithful one, with the warm heart and the glowing j ideals... His aim to fight even higher toward truth, beauty | and goodness, i He was fated not to reach his goal ; far from home the bullet ? of his foe struck him down and brought him to an untimely end. J Nothing of him remains to me but the memory of the happy I and troubled days for our youth which we spent together... God's f ways are inscrutable. ; THUS RAN MY THOUGHTS FOR HOURS. THEY r STOPPED WHEN I THOUHT OF THE AWFUL SIGHTS t ON WHICH MY EYES HAVE GAZED. YOU STAY AT- t HOMES, YOU CANNOT BE TOO GRATEFUL FOR THE f GOOD FORTUNE THAT HAS SPARED YOU FROM THE ? HORRORS OF WAR. OH, YOU RICH PEOPLE, IF YOU { WOULD OPEN WIDE YOUR HANDS AND HEARTS TO \ RELIEVE SUFFERINGS AND MISERY, YOU WOULD { SHOW YOURSELVES AS GREAT MEN, GREATER IN | YOUR DUTIES AS JEWS. YOU WOULD UNDERSTAND I THAT IT IS DOUBLY RIGHT IN THESE TIMES TO } SPEND AND GIVE. SOURCES OF REVENUE, TO BE t SURE, ARE CUT OFF THIS YEAR; PERHAPS YOU | HAVE SUFFERED LOSSES— YET GOD GAVE YOU SO t MANY YEARS OF PROSPERITY !" "" | As if in further persuance of this particular appeal, the late | Prof. Solomon Schechter wrote an appeal for funds under date ? of September 2nd, 1916, at the suggestion of Mr. Nathan Straus. ? It is a voice from the grave calling upon the Jews of America t to do their duty. His closing paragraph reads : J "I therefore appeal to you in the name of God, in the name f of our Nation, in the name of real Americanism, in the every | effort in the manner indicated to save the remainder of Israel, f which can only be accomplished by real and thorough sacrifice | on our part." f This is the Supreme Test for the Jews in America, and let | us pray unto God that He may give us strength to continue our J good work and prove equal to the task. » i • ••' ..(.ina..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*-*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"****"*"** — 10 — A CRY FOR MORE HELP Jacob de Haas. This has been a great relief year. Never, I promise, have Jews throughout the whole world raised more money for the relief of their fellow Jews and for the relief of others than since the beginning of last Fall. The question which, however, the community will have to face is : Can we raise more than we have raised before? The real suffering caused by the war has only just commenced. Six months ago, for instance, we were told that $15,000 a month were meeting the needs of the Jews in Palestine. Now we are told that these needs amount to at least $50,000 a month, and the same proportions hold good throughout the whole of Eastern Europe. Shortage of food and shortage of clothing will make themselves seriously felt because this shortage not only means less supplies, but higher prices. The regulation of prices in different parts of Europe are not as important as they would seem to be — it merely means that limited quantities are sold at the fixed rates. Above this minimum private dealers are getting a quarter for less than a pound loaf. Everyone knoAvs what a pound of bread means ; and everybody can gauge the needs of the people in suffering countries when bread costs more than a quarter a pound. This want and destitution is leading to sickness, and sickness is another source of expense. Those who have taxed themselves to give regularly during the whole period of the war have taken the right attitude. Everyone of us, however, (and this everyone should include every man and every woman and every boy and every girl) should tax themselves regularly in the interest of the relief funds everywhere. As the need will not diminish for at least one year after the war, we may as well make up our minds even that if the war ended immediately that it will be the spring of 1918 before we can begin to be relieved of the responsibilities of raising funds and of giving. It is an immense undertaking, but it is not more than we should be equal to, seeing that we are both prosperous and at peace. ^^■..•..••.•.^••••••"••••••••••••••••■••••••••"••■••••■••••••••"•"•"•••••••••••••"••••••••••••••••"•"•••••••••••••••••••■••••••■•■••-•"••••"••^••* — II — R. L. GOLDBERG £otoVEAM SOf^e^^^ M-^^^Y! bOMT AKib bltiW'T I GO hoK^Jh) TO Ttl^ BOAT TO <§GH HeO^X fO^b cfr,^N^ HA\)GX)'T I STOP^eb bR\(OKiNiG ^ReOcH C;tVAn? A<5'Nie to SRo.oo TKAT ri^ MeJTR^L,AKib"^l^A3T I B\iY A ^A\R op SaZKS KM^TTQi BV OMe OF vnjhat Ko^e bo You ^-■ "I DID ENOUGH!" — 12 CARNEGIE HALL MEETING At the Carnegie Hall meeting in New York on Tuesday night, December 22, 191 5, a sum of $715,000 was collected for the war sufiferers within half an hour. The following graphic description of the scene, taken from a newspaper account, shows the great charity and self-sacrifice which animates the Jewish soul at this critical period. Women began to sob. Men stood up and cried out in anguish. For a time the noise of weeping was so loud that the voice of the speaker was drowned. And then in eloquent words Dr. Magnes told of the wonderful charity which similar appeals have brought forth in other cities. There was a catch in his voice as he asked his audience to come forth and show similar spirit. Before the ushers could pass up the aisles with baskets men, women and children surged toward the stage. Some drop- ped on their knees, facing the huge rostrum. Richly clad women knelt, shoulder to shoulder, with push- card peddlers. Caste and distinction were forgotten. The stout- est hearts were moved. Men fought to reach the stage so they could empty their pockets. Yellow-backed currency and copper money covered the stage within a few minutes to the depth of three inches. And amid it all Dr. Magnes continued his appeal. He did not lose the grip which he had on his audience for one second. He worked them into veritable frenzy. A woman staggered toward the stage. Her hair had fallen over her and tears were coursing down her cheeks. She wore a Fifth avenue modiste's gown and expensive furs. But she was practically unnoticed in the dramatic scene which was being enacted. Pushing aside many who were on their knees she tore a diamond lavalliere from her neck and passed it to Dr. Magnes. Other women threw their furs on the stage. Still others tore their rings from their fingers and their jewels from their ears. Ill-clad working girls gave up trinkets which probably re- present weeks of saving. And even then they cried out because they could not give more. 13 ■■••■•••••••••••••••••••■•••#•••••■•••••■•••••■•••••••••••••» ••••••"••••"•••••••••••••"••• Jewish Philanthropy and the War By Alexander Brin. Perhaps never before in the history of Israel did the principle of the Jewish faith, Zedoko tazzil mimoves, "bene- volence redeemeth from death," excercise so great a power over the minds and hearts of the members of the Jewish faith as during the past twenty months. It is estimated that the con- tributions of American Israel toward the Jewish sufferers in the war zone is about $4,000,000. The great response by the Jewish people of this country to the cry of the counless millions, op- pressed and tormented in the Old World, will add an indelible and large-lettered page to the annals of Jewish generosity. Never before was the American Jew in as true a position to evince his fellow-feeling for his Jewish brother as he has been during tiie present clash and conflict. The Jews of America have always been foremost in relieving the suffering of their co-religionists. The need for assistance is recognized to be more urgent than ever before in the history of the Jews, because the distress is more widespread, and with the continuance of the war the necessity for relieving the suffering becomes more urgent. Whoever has read Israel's history knows that from the very beginning to the present day the Jews have been the victims of the greatest cruelties because they have insisted upon re- maining staunch to their religion. But these cruelties instead of being decreased with the advance of civilization are increased, even though Jews are among the most loyal and bravest soldiers on the battlefields of all the belligerent countries. For the first time in the history of the world, a nation, through its government, has spoken out officially in behalf of the suffering Jewish people. President Wilson, acting on the suggestion of the United States Senate, designated January 27, last, as a day for contributions to the relief of Jews suffering from the devastation and hardships of war in European |ll«ll».l>l H l.ll.»..«W»«.«..«.^»««»«»«.»«».i»..t..»«»..«.«»M»M«..»..»M«..«WM»..»..«....».t»..«..«.l>llt m .,J, H„ g. — 14 — •■••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••t*»«. countries. It was most gratifying to note the liberal response of all classes of people, irrespective of race or creed, to the call for assistance. But what has been done so far is in reality only a drop in the ocean. It is the sacred duty and obligation of everyone to give as liberally as possible, even though in many cases persons have given three or four times, and generously on each occasion. Let us bear in mind that America is the only country in the world to whom these unfortunates can appeal in their time of misfortune, and we, who are enjoying all the comforts of peace and prosperity in a land where the Jews are accorded the rights of all other citizens, let us in a spirit of gratitude and thank- fulness do all in our power to alleviate the sufferings of our unfortunate brethren in faith, who through no fault of their own have been drawn into this dreadful conflict. American Israel owes it to herself as well as the unfortunate sufferers to do all in her power to alleviate the misery. A CHRISTIAN APPEAL I say it is humanity's debt to the Jew and I appeal to that humanity of the American people, which is the boast, the legitimate boast, the only worth while boast and glory of the American people, which never fails to respond to any human needs, no matter how remote, as it is responding now so liber- ally and so freely. I appeal to that humanity, that American humanity, to pay promptly, with free and open hand, its debt, its human debt, to the Jewish people in this, their bitter hour and so discharge its indebtedness to its own American human life. In the name of the Christian Church, in the name of civil- ization, in the name of American humanity, I appeal in behalf of the Jew, who is suffering today — men, women and children — I toniffht on the other side of the seas, I Bishop David H. Greer. * At Carnegie Hall Meeting, New York. f 15 — Relief Work at the Colleges By Henry Epstein, of Harvard University. Although not so prominent in the eyes of the public, yet just as nobly as any, did the students of the great American colleges respond to the call for aid. Called upon to contribute to Red Cross Aids, Belgian, French, Polish and English reliefs, not once did the solicitor find the students, Jewish and non-Jewish, to be wanting. After having given for all these, there came the call from our own brethren across the water, a call more touching, and a hundred-fold more piercing. The Jewish student and his non-Jewish brothers once more answered in the truly non-part- isan, unprejudiced American spirit. When flowers were sold for the Zionist cause, hundreds of dollars were realized from students at Harvard, while I am informed that similar response was given at Columbia, Cornell and Yale. On January 27, 1916, the National Relief Day, set aside by President Wilson, war relief buttons were sold in Cambridge, as in other places, and the students gave what they had. Not only then, but two weeks later, in the weeks of February 14th and 21st, the college students of Harvard were called upon to make a personal sac- rifice for the Jewish War Sufferers. A systematic canvass of the college dormitories yielded about $200.00 from these already heavily taxed students. I am not aware of such thorough solicit- ing having taken place in any other institution of learning. From whatever reports are at hand, it can be safely said, that taking into consideration the collections for Palestine War Sufferers, Jewish Students in Switzerland, and the general Jew- ish War Relief fund, the great Universities of the East res- ponded in a splendid spirit. The following is but a rough estimate, based upon the reports at Harvard and Cornell, with varying information from other places : Harvard $1500 Cornell (including Ithaca) 1000 Columbia 800 Yale (excluding New Haven) . . . 500 Of course it must be recognized that residents of New York who study at Columbia and similarly of New Haven at Yale, — l6 — ••-.••.••.••. contributed in other collections. The above is, therefore, but a t rough estimate, that can safely be taken as a minimum. It | • cannot be said that advanced learning is making the Jewish f student less Jewish. If anything, it is awakening in him the I • realization of the greatness of his race, with the result that his f conscience has emptied his pockets and has opened his heart. ? A near solution of the "Jewish Question" evakes a holi- day spirit; a feeling of bright, enthusiastic joy. Leonard Andreieff. 17 4 i The Cambridge Standard said in an editorial upon this f • Memorial Book : ? 'Tt will serve as a permanent memory of the charitable | • spirit and philanthropy of the Jews who have responded in this | ... * crisis in a manner that has not failed to meet with the admira- ? ? tion and respect of non-Jews. The Chelsea comimttee should • .— .. ? be commended for its good work". | The hatred to the Jew is a Zoological bestial phenomenon. | f You must combat it arduously for the sake of a more rapid t growth of social instincts and social culture. ? It is intolerable to see that people that have performed so | much of beautiful, wise and necessary things for the world, ? are living among us oppressed by restricted laws, which in * every way limit their right to life, labor and freedom. • Maxim Gorky. • ■ »■■!.■».■ «..».# !..•.•••••..><■••••••••••••••••••>• THE WORK IN CHELSEA By Leo J. Lyons. By generalizing and stating what the war has done for the Jewry of this country would make a very long and undoubtedly interesting story, but it is but fair to the citizenship of Chelsea to state what the war has done for the Chelsea Jewry. For a number of years, the Chelsea Jews have held a high position in the active work in behalf of their co-religionists in this country as well as the world over. Since the outbreak of the war this activity has grown in untold volumes. To say that Chelsea is going to undertake a certain kind of work is to prescribe that work with the word "SUCCESSFUL". The unification of our co-religionists throughout the country has been remarkable and no better evi- dence of this fact was shown than at the Preliminary Confer- ence of the American Jewish Congress held in Philadelphia in March. The collections for the Jewish war sufferers in Chelsea have been rated among the best, not only in New England, but throughout the country. The co-operation shown by all the organizations, congregations and clubs in this work has been next to remarkable. The individuality of the Jew has been en- tirely obliterated and the slogan has been "How can we best serve our suffering brothers and sisters"? Because Chelsea has done such excellent work in the past, it should not at this time, or in the future, lay back and point to what has been accomplished. It should continue this work until our suffering brothers and sisters have been relieved and until peace shall reign for them and theirs. The young people of Chelsea have before them one of the finest lessons ever taught. They should take up the work from now on and continue success. They should appreciate, most highly, the excellent work done by their elders the last few months and profit by their example. — Vs — FINANCIAL REPORT OF CHELSEA From the beginning of the war till January 27, 1916, the moneys sent by the Committees were : People's Relief Committee $4800.30 Central Relief Committee 3374.17 American Jewish Relief Committee 4IS-2I After January 27th (President Wilson's Tag Day), the above three Committees combined forming the "Chelsea Jewish Relief Committee", which sent to the respective treasurers up to date as follows : People's Relief Committee $4671.00 Central Relief Committee 1850.00 American Jewish Relief Committee 1315.00 Zionists Provisional Committee 800.00 Total $17,225.68 All the moneys are finally referred to the General Distribution Committee which distributes the money proportionally to the different belligerent countries according to their need. The moneys were collected in the following manner: Donations of Synagogues $4,074.17 Mass Meetings 775-45 President's Proclamation Day 5,897.00 Installations 291.97 Anixter Society 840.24 Ball and Memorial Book 1,625.75 Labor League Day 180.00 Flower Day 487.20 Sunday House Collections 4,015.08 EXPENSE: . Printing $97.23 Total $18,186.86 Postage 5S-00 247.43 Hall Rent 48.50 Advertising 26.60 17.939-43 Small Expense 17.10 Sent away 17,225.68 Telephone & Telegrams 5.00 Bal. in Treas $713-75 Total $249.43 Dr. M. A. Gilbert, Sec'y. 19 i The Jews of Chelsea have worked with commendable vigor i to raise money for the aid of their suffering people in the war- t ring nations. Their contributions have been liberal, their labors I untiring and no sacrifice has seemed to be too great for them I to make in their desire to extend the helping hand. Much ? credit is due the able and self-sacrificing chairman of the general I committee, Mr. David A. Lourie, for his splendid leadership in » the successful movement. He not only secured the co-opera- I tion of the Jews, but he received generous assistance from a I large number of Christian people. S. H. ROBIE, Editor, Chelsea Evening Record and Boston Budget. t • I Recognition should be here made of the splendid response of the Volunteer Workers, who have labored to make the Relief Contribution in Chelsea so successful. I Under the mask of miltary requirements, uneard of • measures of communal responsibility for uncommitted crimes I were adopted against the Jews. — Measures reminding one of I the savage times of the dark ages. f Professor Milyukofif, All things are mortal, but the Jew; All forces pass away, but he remains. Mark Twain. The Jews are among the aristocracy of every land ; if a literature is called rich in the possessions of the few classic tragedies, what shall we say to a national tragedy lasting for fourteen hundred years, in which the poets and the actors were also the heroes. George Eliot. ■•♦••♦•••"t"»"»>t"f"»''»"»"»"»"»"»"»"»<.»"«"»..»..»..«"»..«..»..e"»"»"»"»"»''»"»"»"»"»"»"»"«'>«"»"»"»''»"»"»''«"«"«..»..«..»..t 20 •-••••-•••'-^•••^•-^••••••••••(••^••••••••••^x 5Il|? iinmlg 3(pm. ^'o tttaug of ttjc noblest men 3'oe knouin ?il|nm 3 Ijauc ianth, mttt Hetua, bg all rcuerei, Men in tuljoHe simplest actions Ijane been sljomn, Qfo liwe in trntl) tlje faitlj in uiljiclj tljcij're reared; Hljose ancestors mere ric^lg blest bg (^ah, Wiiu tuere bg Abraljam anJi Moses leii. W\}a o'er tljat beautg-lanii of promise trob. He mere bg Ijeauen's bounteous manna feh, S[ljcre is a race so riclj in hteh anib name. (I[l|at 3, poor scribbler of tljis uecse, mouliJ sag SJljat oft 3 Ijana aniJ ^i&e mg Ijeab in sljame (5o tljink tljat some tljeir ignorance Msplag, AnJJ, since tlje morlb conJiemns, raoiles anlJ scorns, | f Ifaue peraecntetJ, iiirooe from place to place, | 5[Ije lomleg Sem, Anii Ije m^o more tlje tljorns, t Mija gaoe l|ia life for all, mas of tljis race. | Charles L. H. Wagner, in the ^^ Boston Post. ^^ U"«"«'^"<"»—"»"»«'» " « " » " * " >*'*"t " » " « " >"»''»»^'»»'^"»"»"«'^"»'*«-»~«*'«"»**»»'«"»"»'' 21 APPEAL Suffering has been the badge of the Jewish tribe from the time of the dispersion. The massacres of the crusades, the Spanish inquisition, and the Russian oppression are still among the darkest and saddest chapters of history. Yet we realize that in all our past trials and tribulations, at no time were so many of our people so sorely in need of assist- ance and relief as at the present. It has been indeed made evident to American Jewry that we three million Jews here should re- alize our duties and responsibilities and discharge them like Jews and as men with red blood in their veins. We have answered the call, not however to the full extent that the emergency demands. The Jews in the afflicted lands, whose resources were not entirely destroyed, gave far more liberally than we here, who have not suffered any. Although the American Jews have raised some five millions of dollars it must be apparent to those who have at all given thought to the situation that this is by no means adequate to meet the needs of present conditions. Many and many more of millions of dollars must be raised. Every Jew, rich or poor should give, give, and give again, even if he must sacrifice some- thing in such giving, until the Distribution Committee will feel that it has at its disposal sufficient funds to properly provide for the emergency. Then, and not until then, shall we have discharged our duties as worthy and sincere Jews and loyal Americans. Chelsea Jewish War Relief Com., D. A. LOURIE, Chairman. "GIVE" Hear! O, Israel! It is the prayer of millions of our unfortunate Jews who call upon us for succor and help. Let us sound the Shofar of Hope Let us until the end of this war Give ! Give ! Give ! — 22 — ••»••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••"»•• ••••••••••••••••••••••••~»« ul Ijink of Pnlanib mxh Ijcir a[nrtui:eJ> Sevua, 'iifvuixt ^ntlj anJJ QJoasack tjouniJcii, rrucifieb; (in eittjcr frontier, e'en tljc Pale iienieJJ, i'ring tuitlj blooibieli staff ani» broken sljoea. — Israel Zan^will JEWS SUFFER MOST, "Of the various theatres of war, that portion of eastern Europe in which more than two-thirds of the Jewish population of the M-orld is concentrated has been the worst sufferers. After the first sweep of invasion over Belgium during the first month of the war, the civil population of that country has been coinparatively im- mune against the actual horrors of battle. But Poland, whose population is one-third Jewish, Galicia and Bukowina, where the ratio is only a little less, have been de- vastated by the forward and backward surge of armies. The fate of the Polish Jews has been made harder by the per- sistence of racial animosity in the midst of war, and the continuance of the benighted Russian policy of treating the Jewish pop- ulation with hard suspicion and of making them the scapegoat in times of adversity." — Editorial, New York Evening Post. On behalf of a people, stricken as no children of man ever were, we beg : 'Bread for the Living - - Skrouds for the Dead I ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••"••••"•••t>'»"0"»"»" >•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• — 23 — i The Peoples's Relief Committee is Represented by i Delegates of the following Organizations: Anixter Society Ponevizer Society Labor League Poale Zion Socialist Party Independent Workmen's Circle National Workmen's Alliance Carpenter's Union Plasterer's Association Painter's Union Young Men's Social and Athletic Club Kiever Society Kooplishker Association Star of Chelsea Lodge, L O. B. A. Alexandreyer Society King David Lodge, 1. O. B. A. Chelsea Zionist Association Chelsea Woolen Rags Sorters Union New Chelsea Lodge State of Mass. Lodge Independent Progressive Association Pride of Chelsea Lodge Sons of Abraham Bricklayer's Association — 24 — . .••••••••••••••••••'•••••••••••••••••■•••••••••••••••••••••••••««>>«»*»«>«*>l««<»« eomplimcitts of l)on. james R. IDalone mayor 25 — ■•••.•■•••••■I««»»*>.*••••••••••••••••••••. (•••••••••••••^•* eotttpliments of hm\ Tcinberg — 27 — ®r^monl Sruat Olompang THE BANK OF SERVICE" 14 State Street 1 94 Washington Street BOSTON, MASS. Total Assets $1,500,000.— OFFICERS ASA P. FRENCH President SIMON SWIG Vice President JOHN W. COUGHLIN Vice President GILBERT H. NOYES Vice-Prssident WINSLOW P. BURHOE Treasurer CHARLES FLEISCHER Secretary if*" — 28 — "•••••■••••.^..•..•.^..•..«..«..«..«.,a..a..«u«..«.^..«.«..«..«..(»«..«,.«..«..«,.«„«..c,.a»»»*-«»*««»*»«»*»*>>«»a>i — 29 — •••••«••••»••••••••••••••• l*««»««*>4<«"*>l«>«»*«*>' COMPLIMENTS OF 3hnixter Society CHELSEA, MASS. ■••m«m«m«i.«m«*.««»«m««.( ••••••••#«••••••••• 30 ■•••^••••••. COMPLIMENTS OF Y. M. H. A. CHELSEA. MASS. — 31 — •••■••••••••••••••l«*«C*>«M*M#M«**SM«**«*^**«>*«**«*^>»«a*«*»«**«*>««*«"«**«N*M***«**«M«M«***«*«*»««»««*»**«*>«*^**9««<»«M#«*9«*#«*«*>#M«*t«««#M#«^^ — 32 — COMPLIMENTS OF Carpenters Union, Local 937 CHELSEA, MASS. ORGANIZED APRIL 10, 1906. WITH 37 MEMBERS NOW IT HAS 250 MEMBERS Scale of wages was raised from ^3.28 to $4.80 per day It pays accident benefit $6.00 per week — 33 — Compliments of Socialist Party CHELSEA BRANCH I — 34 — •••••••••••••■••••••e->*->*»c>*"*"*"*«*"«" The Workmen's Sick and Death Benefit fund of America counts 400 Branches with a Membership of 50.000. Its assets of liabilities amounts to IjOOOfiOO. It has a free bed in the Mass. Homeop. Hospital for its members. Initiation fees are: Age 16 to 20 $3.25 Age 30 to 40 $5.25 Age 20 to 30 $4,25 Age 40 to 45 $7.25 For further information write to No. 1 THIRD AVENUE, New York, City. or G. AERAMSON, Sec'y of Br. 96 143 Orange Street Chelsea, Mass. ■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~*«) 35 ^TSJl i>8jjtgji^Bii<«»«»*»*»«»»»»»*n*"*->«»«->«i-*i-»»*<>*x*»*«an«~««*«) — 37 — •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ..•..•..•.••••••••••••••••••••"••••"•"•"•■••"•"••••"•" Compliments of BAY STATE LODGE, No. 532, L 0. B. A. 108 Park Street Chelsea. For information apply to N. ROSENBERG, Secretary 213 Belmont Street Everett Compliments of POALE ZION 124 Arlington Street CHELSEA, Compliments of BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION Chelsea Auxilary No. 2. Compliments of CHELSEA YOUNG ZIONISTS Org. 1910 Harry S. Ettlinger, Director. Compliments of NEW CHELSEA LODGE Chelsea. 38- Compliments of HAND IN HAND SOCIETY CHELSEA. MASS. Compliments of MENORAH ZIONISTS OF CHELSEA Meets every Sunday afternoon, at Y. M. H. A. Auditorium. Compliments of Mrs. T. ANDELMAN 55 Millet Street - - - Dorchester, Mass. ■•••■•••••••••#•••••#••••••••••• — 39 Compliiiients of Judaean Social and Athletic Club CHELSEA, MASS. Compliments of 1st Roumenian Sick Benefit Association Compliments of BRICKLAYERS ASSOCIATION Compliments of KIEVER SOCIETY Chelsea Compliments of SONS OF ABRAHAM LODGE I. O. B. A. Compliments of PLASTERERS SOCIETY Compliments of SUFFOLK LODGE I. O. B. A. Chelsea Compliments of Star of Chelsea Lodge I. O. B. A. (•••••••■••••^••••^•••••••••••••••••^•••«»9«.»..««.«..«..«.,«..«M«..«M«M««*«M««*«M««.«««M ■ ••■••••••.••.••••..•t.«..«M — 40 Compliments of CATHOLIC CITIZEN Compliments of CHELSEA EVENING RECORD Compliments of TOWER & HARNEY FLORISTS 440 Broadway Chelsea. 41 — >•..•.«..•..•..•..•..•> Tel. 86i Chelsea Room I S. S, EISENBERG Engineer and Architect 5 Everett Avenue Chelsea, Mass. Tel. Chelsea 581-J. M. SNOW & SONS Tel. 446-M Chelsea Wholesale & Retail Dr, H. S, WHITE Butter, Cheese and Eggs DENTIST Smoked Fish and Fancy 446 Broadway Chelsea Groceries Cor. Fifth St. _ Teas & Coffees a Over Brdw'y National Bank Specialty. 561/2 Everett Ave. Chelsea ••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••. 42 Compliments of ISAAC WATCHMAKER 262 Washington Street Boston Compliments of S, E. PAULINE & CO. 5 Everett Avenue Chelsea. Compliments of SAMUEL WASSER 19 Everett Ave. Chelsea. 1 t • i t Compliments of • f I I CHELSEA GAZETTE 1 • i i m : • — 43 .a..a"a"a"a"a"a»a>>a»a»a»a"a»a»a"a»a"a"a-a->a"a"a»a"a»a'*a-a»a"a»a"a»a»a»a»a"a"a»a»a»a»a»a» ','. Compliments of Dr, DAVID I. WOLPER 1 1 a»a"a"a-a"a"a"a»a»a"a»a»a- Chelsea Compliments of JAMES BLOOMBERG ; 294 Broadway Chelsea ; I Compliments of TUCH & BLOOM 336 Broadway I I 1 1 : ? • Chelsea ! • ? Compliments of /. BACHRACH 86 Spruce Street 1 1 • t ? ? • ? • ? • Chelsea | • • Compliments of MARKELL-- WESTON DRUG CO. Chelsea Sq. • • i • 1 « • i Chelsea. \ • • — 44 — •••••••••••••••••••.••..•..•..•..•..•..•.••.••.••.••.■••I Tel. 1433-M. Chelsea M. GRUZEN LADIES' AND GENT'S FURNISHINGS and all kinds of Fancy Dry Goods Also Agent for Singer Sewing Machines 67 Everett Avenue Chelsea, Mass. Compliments of C. W, FREEMAN, Druggist STORES AT Bellingham Sq. & Gary Sq. Chelsea, Mass. Tel. Chelsea 1433-W. GOLDMAN & FREEDMAN RUSSIAN -AMERICAN TICKET OFFICE Steamship and Railroad Ticket Agents for all lines. Money sent to all parts of the world. 65 Everett Avenue Chelsea, Mass. Compliments of STANDARD PRESS Union Printers Work done satisfactory and reasonable. Society Printing a Specialty. 18 EVERETT AVENUE Chelsea, Mass. Compliments of S. NATAUPSKY & CO, Wholesale and Retail dealers in FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Also Fresh Fish 121 Arlington St., Chelsea 45 Compliments of ISADORE WINTMAN BANKER 71 Everett Avenue Chelsea, Mass. Tel. 1139-W. 7 • • Tel. Chelsea 1361-R. i Tel. Connection * KATZMAN BROS, 1 W, WEINSTEIN Boots, Shoes & Rubbers 1 Photograph Studio 1 Agents for W. L. Douglas and * Cor. Everett Ave, Walnut & • • Regal Shoes. i Third Streets 1 63-69 SECOND STREET i Chelsea. • 1 Chelsea, Mass. i 4 1 1 Compliments of 1 i ROSE THE TAILOR Compliments of 4 1 10 EVERETT AVENUE MarshalVs Lunch I Chelsea, Mass. 438 Broadway Chelsea • • 4 Tel. 74-M. • i • t • i «..*..«..«..(..»..f»>.»..t»».'*'.«f.»'.»..!»..»i.«..»..*..*..»..«,.«,.«..«..«.,«„ Bellingham, Sta. -46- •..•..•..•„•..•..•..•„•..«..•..•..•..•..•.••■■••■••■•■••••••••..••■•.•••■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■••■•••••■•••••••••••••■••"••••■••"••••"•••••••••••■•- Compliments of , j /. SLOTNICK \ CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER 1 i 10 Lawrence Street Chelsea, t ? Compliments of 1 Compliments of PHILIP SNEIDER "■ FINE FOOTWEAR FOR THE B, CUTLER & SON JUNK DEALERS ENTIRE FAMILY 2ntl Street Chelsea 112 Arlington St. Chelsea. Compliments of Compliments of KATZ BROS. G. WOLPE GROCERIES & PROVISIONS ROOFER 36 Everett Ave. Chelsea 35 Hawthorn St. Chelsea D. Grossman Q. Sterman ■ NEW ENGLAND Compliments of CONTRACTING CO. Mrs. Fannie Grossman BUILDING WRECKERS 37 Central Ave. Chelsea Chelsea •..•..•..•..••.•..•..•..*M«..*..«..«..«..«..*..»..«..«..«..«..(..«..«..»..*..»..«. •..•..•..•..«..•..•..•..•..••.•■.•■.•■•••••.••..••••..••.••••■.•.■•..•.•••■••••..•*. — 47 Coinpltnients of PHILIP MILLER /. MESSERMAN LUNCH ROOM AND MASON DELICATESSEN Chelsea 36 Everett Ave. Chelsea Tel. Haymarket 2 511-W. Compliments of HOFFMAN & CO. LOUIS LEVIN Manufacturers of FINE COATS HOUSE FURNITURE 4-6 Alden Court, Boston, Mass. 347 Broadway Chelsea Compliments of Chelsea Watch Hospital 434 Broadway Chelsea Compliments of New York Restaurant G. STERENSTEIN, Prop. 46 Everett Ave. Chelsea Tel. 769-J Chelsea Ellis Gordon Sard on s f Bellingham Square Chelsea, Mass. ••.•••.•••••••.•••••■•••• Compliments of MAX CARVIN VIENNA RESTAURANT 16 Everett Avenue Chelsea •••^•..•..•..•..•..»,.a,.«„,„,„^ ,,,. i.»..«..«..«..C,. -48- Compliments of Compliments of HARRIS POORVU Miss M. KOLEMAN REAIi ESTATE & MORTGAGES FANCY DRESSMAKER 18 Tremont St. Boston 5 Everett Ave. Chelsea Compliments of A. K. MANN Compliments of PLUMBING SUPPIilES Niman Freedman Broadway Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of H, TIGER New England Glass Co, Chelsea L, SNIDER, Prop. ■ 73 Arlington St. Chelsea Compliments of W, RODMAN Wholesale CIGARS AND TOBACCO Chelsea Sq. Chelsea Compliments of JOSEPH KLEIN )«•..•«•»•«••.••.•»••.•■•••••■.••.••.•..•••••.••.•«• i I t 49 — ; Compliments of a»a"a-a»a"a»a-a"a"a->a"a»a»a»a>-4 Dr. H. T. WHITE DENTIST : 466 Broadway Chelsea. Compliments of /. H. BUKOFF mercbam tailor 45 Everett Ave. Chelsea. Compliments of 1 DAVID FEINBERG CO, RUBBER DEALERS 1 11 Broadway 1 Chelsea. 1 Compliments of FRANK HIRSHMAN 1 METALS 1 Boston. — 50 — ■»'•»'•»••»••»••»••»••»••»••»••»••»••»'• Compliments o£ ISAAC BORNSTEIN WOOLENS Chelsea. Compliments of J. BLOOM WOOLENS Chelsea. Compliments of M. RUBIN & CO. CHELSEA. Compliments of BARNETT ROGOVIN (Eotilrartor att& SJmlJier County Road Chelsea. f Compliments of H. Second Street COHEN CO, METALS ? ? ? 1 i Chelsea. 1 • Second Street M. ZAFF BAGS 1 j Chelsea 1 GORDON, Second Street Compliments of t GOOSE & GERBER I METALS 1 Chelsea. | — SI — Compliments of Compliments of WOOI/ENS RAZIN & GASS H, KARP WOOLENS 1 Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of LOUIS LEVIN BERKOWITZ BROS. 1 1 PAINTS AND WALL PAPER CLIPPINGS ' 13-15 Everett Ave. Chelsea Chelsea • Compliments of B. Greenglass & Son BAKERY Chelsea Compliments of H. CUTLER BAGS Chelsea :•■•«.••.••..«<••.. — 52 — Conipliinents of A. STEINMAN METALS Chelsea Compliments of /. FABER METALS Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of Schechter, Weinstein & L. GUSHING Bekerman WOOLENS RAGS Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of James Rosenfield & Co. H. Rubinstein METALS METALS Chelsea Chelsea — 53 Conipllnients of Compliments of ROSENBERG BROS. OSCAR CUTTLER WOOLENS METALS Chelsea 1 Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of N, E. SMELTING & M. FAT ELM AN REFINING CO, WOOLENS METALS 1 Chelsea Chelsea Comipliments of Compliments of G, ROZEN KAPLAN & SPACK BUIIiDER ■ METALS 1 Chelsea 1 Chelsea \ Complhnents of Compliments of ? • ! Rosenblatt & Son Cuttler & Brickman 1 WOOLENS • BAGS i i 8 Spruce Street Chelsea • '«..•..••••••••••••••••••••••"••••••••••"•"••••••••■•■■••••••••••••••••••••■•■•• Chelsea — 54 Compliments of Compliments of James J. Breath Klivansky & Rubinov Cor. of Cross & Park Sts. Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Complunents of Toivle & Collins 1 C. Keefe & Connely 52-54 BROADWAY Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of PHILIP MARGET H. GOLDBLATT Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of \' " ■ Fifth Street Wine Co. D. NORVITZ 13-15 FIFTH STREET Chelsea Chelsea ••••■•••••"•«••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••«•• — 55 — (•••■•••■•■••••••••••••••m* Compliments of JOHN E. HART Chelsea Compliments of Fitzpatrick & Smith ALES, BEERS, WHISKEYS, WINES, CORDIAL and BOTTLED GOODS OF ALL KINDS. 975 Broadway Chelsea Compliments of N, SIMONS WINES and LIQUORS 3232 Washington St. Boston Compliments of /. /. DOHERTY Dock Sq. Boston Compliments of Harry Beiserman 106 Poplar Street Chelsea Compliments of Joseph Ankin 54 Everett Aevnue Chelsea Compliments of S. GOLDSTEIN PLASTERER Chelsea Compliments of Jacob Schwartz 9 Ash Street Chelsea Compliments of M, ROLL 78 Addison St. Chelsea >■•#> # #■■»«■>■■#■■»— o»* Compliments of • /. Greenstein I 148 Arlington St. Chelsea | i -56 i Compliments of Compliments of Shugrew & Connelly Fitzgerald & Sloane Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of /. W, KENNY A. L. KIERNAN Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of Hubbner & Claffey /. ZECHA Chelsea Liquor Dealer Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of JOHN A. GREEN IVAN SCHONBACH Liquors Chelsea Chelsea 57 — 1 ■ 1 Compliments of •..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•»••■••■••••••••■••••••••••••••••••••••••••••-••••••••■• Compliments of LEONARD & MARTIN DORFMAN & RUBIN Chelsea Chelsea Compliments of Compliments of ^^MAX COHEN /. LIPP Chelsea Chelsea 1 1 Complunents of Compliments of I ' 1 1 M, A, MURRAY Martin P. Goode Chelsea Chelsea > 1 Compliments of Compliments of Marcel Mekelburg McDonald bros. WINES and LIQUORS Chelsea 1 1 1 1 1 1 51 Fifth Steret Chelsea - 5^ ' ••••••■••••••••■•"••■ .••••••••"•"•"••••" ■■•••••••••••ia><«<>«i< Coiiipliinents of Z>. /. O'CONNELL Chelsea Compliments of Thomas /. McGerney Chelsea Compliments of Kopelman & Kopelman Wines and Liquors Chelsea Compliments of MORRIS WHITE Chelsea Compliments of /. /. POWER Chelsea Compliments of CHELSEA WINE CO, 7-9 CROSS STREET Chelsea Compliments of LOUIS H. RESNICK Compliments of BOSTON BEER CO, BOSTON >••■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■■••••••••• 59 — (•■««••««••#••••••■■ Compliments of MEMBERS OF THE BAR Bernard Beerman Maurice Caro Simon Cohen E. Philip Finn Harry Finestone Maurice Jacobs 4 Abraham H. Klubock Joseph M. Levenson David A. Lourie Samuel Markell Harry Mann Simon B. Stein Maurice Tobey Jacob Weinberg i i 4 — 60 ►•••'^•»»"»-»l' « ">»'«'-»-««'«'»«''«»^"«"»«»>»»«»»>— —•»»—•»— '•"»">'•• " »"»••»■■«■■» " »•'»•'»••»«'>"«•'•"••»»'<»'•«•< Compliments of Physicians Dr. A. Davidson, 155 Chestnut Street. Dr. George Garry, 162 Chestnut Street. Dr. Maurice A. Gilbert, 199 Chestnut Street. Dr. Elias Goldberg, 198 Chestnut Street. Dr. M. Golob, 270 Chestnut Street. Dr. Henry Jelen, 93 Washington Ave. Dr. H. B. Myers, 174 Chestnut Street. Dr. L. J. Palmer, 131 Shurtleff Street. Dr. J. T. Pollock, 212 Chestnut Street. Dr. George Reinhertz, 170 Chestnut Street. Dr. C. H. Wilson, 234 Chestnut Street. ••••■••••••••••••••••••••••••■•■•••••••••••••••••••••■••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••.■•..••.•..•..•..(..(..•..•..•..•..•..«..«,.«,.aM«<.a<.««*..t..a..CK«..*n«M«.>». — 61 — r • i i : * •••••••••••••••••-••■•••••••••••••••••••••••■•• •..•.••.••.•o..»**»..«..». Comf « i )liments \ i i 1 • David Grossman 1 Morris Ouint i ? Nathan Kramer L. Fuhrman ] ? Mrs. A. Levovsky S. A. Leventhal \ : Mr. & Mrs. O. Sterman Rubin & Covitz j : i Sarah Gas P. Goldberg j : • ; Samuel Barbesh Annie Klitzman 1 ? Arthur Kovitz A. Gorshell | ? • 1 Pearl Zaff New York Sale Co. \ • Julius Cohen Ingerman Bros. j • • Eli Zeichick S. Sanitzky ] 1 : I. J. Rosenberg Modern Restaurant i ? 1 Jennie Schwartz < Kornetsky Bros. \ • Nathan Reback K. Disler | T Mrs. Stoneberg (Hjingham) Mrs. Annie Barr j 1 M. Barry (Hingham) L Rich i 1 Louis Cohen A. Moldau (Maiden). 1 i Philip Fisher i Samuel Weinstein j B. Goldman Freedman & Abramovitz ] B. Schwaren Meyer Rosenstein | C. Paulinger D. Feinglass j David Goodman M. Goldstein | Eli Ablovitz M. Koplovitz j H. Goodman ! K. Kaminsky \ Rose Adler i Isenberg Bros. 1 Mrs. B. Portnoy I. Schwartz | Ida Rosenfield M. Shepard • J. Silverman J. Arenson \ B. Lichter S. Malatzky j Morris Wolfson J. Yaffe i I. P. Gordon L Weiner j J. Greenberg L Grood \ Max Patrick Turkanis Pharmacy ? Louis Fulman D. Badin (Everett) ? ••■•• J. Dorfman ■••••••••••••••••••.••.••.••.•••••.•..•..•..•..• Mrs. T. Berston 1 : • o : • — 62 — Compliments (Continued.) Dr. N. Chernovsky Mrs. W. Ger Morris Berman Morris Rubin H. Berman A. G. Rovner W. Gray Samuel Gerstein Annie Ger Lena Minsk R. Minsk Ruth Davis W. Hoffenberg L. Lichter S. Simont M. Rosen Harry Paul A. Baginsky Frank Zorfas Mrs. B. Zeff Ida Pansky M. Kushman Max Dorfman D. Aptaker R. L. Tolz Morris Stone S. Arthur Shaw WoU Ger M. K. Rosenstein AVilliam Baron M. Feinsilver D. Schafer Harry dayman Isadore Gould x^braham Katz J. Nankin Sam Ostroff Eli Davidson A. Krasnekovitz Abe Sigelman N. Sneider Marshall's Lunch Samuel Sweet H. S. Pecker Morris Woodrow Mrs. Etta Doris Irving Malkin Minnie Hurvitz Lizzie Yaffe B. Katzman J. Kriteman H. Weinberg M. Borkum Arlington Cleaning Co. S. Barishoff M. Barash J. Saslavsky S. J. Miller M. Clesner Harry F. Smith H. Rosenberg H. Tiger J. Schwartz I. Doris M. Zeff P. Bloomberg H. Estreich M. Setzel M. Berlin O. Levitzky S. Ringer B. Berger -63- »»#—#•»#«»#*•<— #»»>**9»i>»*>**0»*<" Compliments of SISTERS OF LORD BEACONSFIELD LODGE, i No. 554, I. O. B. A. { EAST BOSTON, MASS. Compliments of Compliments of PRIDE OF CHELSEA LODGE, I. O. B. A. Compliments of KING DAVID LODGE Compliments of PROGRESSIVE LODGE 53, I. H. OF A. Compliments of the Ernesto Nathan Lodge, No, 659 Independent Order Brith Abraham 64- •"•••••••••••••••••■•••••••••0"«"«"*" Jewisl^^ 74 ti'tiJVia .D D « D ,y D ^ y ir^ 13 -xn fx ,s*pnyi:« lis i^wnnys -itrj^N V3^'7i32S'ii^3yD^n fl^i« t^nn |nytDr,s* t^iKpyn .yDyt^o^D Djyi .nn^"" 60 T"*! 18 pa onyi^yD r|Si« ,toNJ«;o na :iSt:jn lyu-S n^s* lyn-l ty-y^ Dyn^n t^Djynn lytJix .t^ntoD t{«n:r^iN 124 pN ,Djyn{5D nnix 10 ms .DDND ,yD^yt:*t2 ,L3nt2D ^NQ:i^'7n« 180 ,P^iT«^«T .D COMPLIMENTS OF Chelsea Zionist dissociation "»"»"»"•"«••»"•"»"#"«"«'■•"»"»••»••«••»"«"»«•«••«••«•'«"« " »«•«« 6s ..e»f-«»(««-*»e»*"*"*"t"*"*"*"e :3n nyjD^^2n« D:y^:ysy^3^^; nyi 1«ii « nx'p^^-T 10 t2''3Vjyi iyp3N*np t3^n«!£ -ip^yn ,|yTi« l^?tysQHD3b^'^ .lyrib' ps mti^Ty-itD ]is tapynn lyD^n 15 -ins typ3Nip inn H ^pb'iT 13"19 "^^s ib'n « in^ht 10 ta^sy^yn .ih'^hn 1000 Diyn'it^'i''« H. TATILMAN, Secretary 65 Poplar St., Chelsea. Chelsea Ladies' Aid Society p^^snys Ds'^M jy^ns nJ;TJ1^^ pb':i£''iH in^H .DnyiQVQ 170 nyi''h* r''^ ""^ ynn^N i^ ys^-'n ps T^nn « |ypynt2trD''i« i:^ t^n .tD^%np:N-ip pK ta^i t^s t^^"'^ r« DTyiDyD -p^T tP''^ r« ta^syjyi ;yp3«-ip ly^nsif i^d .p^^P nnyr t^n om n /^ns nii^D L. MILLER, Rec. Sec. 108 William St., Chelsea, Mrs, E. HOFFMAN, Fin.-Sec'y. SS Arlington St., Chelsea^ .••'•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••^••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••^•••••.•••■••■••.•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..(..(^•••■..■•••.•(.••••••lai.i — 66 — »••»••»..»..»„»..».,»..»••»••»•• '•••••••••••••••••"•"•"••••••••••"••■•"•••••••••e"»"«"*"a"*" 10 D^sy^v^ is*i^'SD«DJS'p .nns'^ t^^* tP«i"i 15 isn s* 12 snt^Dpy p« lyDsii 14 "ixs in^^st .nn«^ 40 T'-n is .t2«3i;?D r« JKtaaiT tytD-3 tlX ^yta-l IV'^y tDyiD''D .npiryn nviy nxs ^ysx ^ya^n D:i:i^ta''D ynymx ■••••••••••••■•■•••••••••••"•• -67 •••••••••■•••••••••••••••••■••■••■••••••••••»f*»«"*"«"«"«M*"«"»"*"*"»"«"«"«"C"*«*"«»*"*"»"*«*-«-«"*»«««->«"«"»»»M«.. pn ^b'T ^yn^^^ nvTvn t« tDnyr ta^nn lysiip .t235;^py:is^iN .45 t^'tDjy-12 ,^s'^:n'' SAM FRIED, President B. REISMAN, Secretary I. ROSS, Treasurer. S. WITTKIN, Delegate — 68 — • •••.•(..•..(..(..(..(..(..(..(..(..(..(..(..■..•..•..•..•..•..••.•..•..••.••.•.••.■•..•.■•.■••■••■••■••••.•••■••••.■••■••.•••f*»*"*n*»*M«n«M*»t»*»t> ]1S DtOJya^t'SDNp is^:v o^];p'B ps DnytonsD ,Dij;i jy^isii y^D'^yi^'ts C]s nyr^'jxnK ,]^''CD2/n'7N*: .1 ?ND-)yK>£2 ,:N^Si

. . . ! n^D iy:iyT Din-' iyp:s*np .3 — 71 — jna .ty feS6 mjDnn ^nn ^ '1 p''^:i»i« -lyD^n:! ,nyt3^« nyr^iN .D-'nts'iys m« ti>i« i:3Kn pn tD«n ♦ . . ''n tpy:! lV^«s ypi«"ip .2 72 — '•••■•••••••"•••••••••••••••••••" to^nst^'-iys nx '?VP2')) nv^v^ na t^j^-to^ ,^ypm n ns cnnx tonnp ^y m tD^snya ^ysJis-nsiit:' lyn ^or^^^j^yD lyj^is* n t^^xn ny ,^yo^n Tiynns -^n tis' T'^jynynjiN' hn* Pis'ot:' nnns ?inx t:pip !1n '?v^'<^r] Dyi nytDJix '^n ■n^jn nyD^^ii lyi pn nytDiyn ys'i^njytDtynyDJiN ty^oiio ,iy^oniD lys"'^ n D^N'Qiv D-ija yvj;s:i DJsn /'ui lyD^in" 112 ii^n n n^s'Dii.' nj? n^* 'Palis' .lyosn^j^D yji^'Dn n na syp n ^r-ix m toaits'Ti nx tDDnp "'m nyo^ni" lyijx m ,nyT — iy^>?3i:^ d^jb p\s rns n^ip n« ?yaipiJ5 n^xn t^yn iy ,iy Dny: ny t^nyj aj^ ,^ypjn'i lynj^s in pd onix t3yc'tD-ii$py:j''\s ^^n ny rx ,toD;iJK NTi< ty^b'ayi t''^' r^^DNii ...onns iv yj^n px /'^m lyo^^ii" nyn "^n ly^yjy^iynns pn my nyn px sjjp nyn 3«n ,to}j:i ,mj»n"i 2xn t:;j$y' iT-^nynQ'ixjiN D^yDiiayj lyn^jn tyss^^ "! n"iJ?Dm ryjiy .ssjp r^n ?yny^ lyn^syjDnn "^m lyo^ni" lyn t^n ta^? mj N T^N* toDXj n .lypipwoix T'T ojxii ^'Dxii .ly^NiQyjni^ix ixira^iynjx in /'D'^m yo^'iTi" n^ix jyr^tDtj^ ^xnyn^x pa px ,tDy-ix3 my n ,yto3'^Q px .jyoxTix tyn^^Q px njyn n 'n rynynjx oyi nyr^x t^j "^n lyonyj lyn PQ ,nn^N i:; tt? v^^ 'n tyoip djj px ,i^i ^n lyj^n ^ypj^ii ryny tDpp PK nn^K nxs tinyt:)^' iy ,"m lyo^'ii" x lyopxiiyionx t^k t:nn "ly ,njyn n lynyo^v i'^>dkii .tyrix ynjyixDK' yj''n to^o tij n^x ny t:''nB' ^nti'yrDDjjx tx t3''o px ,njyn n pq op'n n pyiix tDDixn innnn n i:; onx Itany: "un -lyo^ni" nyn ,Dsn^t:.jx nnsn — ?iyD^yTX ny t^x iv)) — — /Dnyt ,DnyT ?t^x ''^nn lyo^nT' nyn lyii ^^: tDD^'ii nn^x — Dnix tony: ny ny t^x dst — "ly^njyp^xii yo^''^ n ^inx ^^dxii j^p^ii ,nD"j X T^x ny ,nn^x lyjypt^js "^n n^o w'ph^^ tsonoix ,ty»nyrn»p: — "Imjttm 3ijn !ni:om nxn ,tDxa' .napj Donyj iy nyr^^^n x t^x iy ,njnn ,iyDp'n n tjQixii ^toQ^i^DJx ,nnnn — ly^jp n Pinx ^^Dxn to^XQ .tonya "m nyD'^iT' *iyn ,Djn3 lopyLj.B'yjJX pjynp x ^11 "qn taxn "m nyD^^ii'' nyn tsnxii d^jt px ,ty3y:y3ny3'x rynynjx nyn djjt tojjn Dxn^J^D t"x .ryoxn^xo n jytj'mv -nycjix nvi nxa nij ,t3nj3 rnxs jd^j — ty^xcyn ••n t^x ddjjx ix rix j'DXJ lyr^x .tyonyrnnpj omx t^x dxii /''m jyo'^ii' lys'-^njytitj' -i^yQ riQ lyax^njx px tysnxTiy: ryop^n n rytDxn^xc n lynxn lyiynjx ...3X^X yymx yti^'on n tan^nto px /'m lyo^ni" nyn ^XJ "^n t^i^' nrx ...JXt3 jyj'toj^in !'pn n»pj toonyj px ,2{snx -i^ys p3 '••"•••••••••••••••••>•••••• 73 — {..•..•..(..(..•..•..a»*-0"t"*"*"«"*"*"C"«"*"*"«"*"*"«"e"*"»"*"*"*"*"*"<>"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"< nx I'-im lyiiijiDDj^ ny-i toynnj^oiy to^jn d^ii ^tD^n^s^D lyi ,yoiyn n nnx nnnn y^^n tono tyoN'nv ly^y^yj ,nytoD5^to yr^^'j'^x pn tiyn^y^i^yj -nnD PN tDvy tysi^n c^^n my lyti'^Dn lyt^ni nyi pa lyi^ya yDD^ia yoKj V3i''BJ2]}i PK '^n to^'ny:i pn onix t^^^pt^^^^Q n •qn pa toynxsyj jr^ jys^^ti'yj D^j toD^:3 ytoni n pit^ to^n lyn^yn ,toi<-i^«D nyn .Djyp^jjii ,;ytD '•m t^in pik^ i^nyt^tj' pn* ,t5^nny;iDnkS tD''j ^it ■^j^n ytonya n px noiiJN* PS' pyna^ pN ,v^ii!; Q:i}-\^ ps* Dp•'t^'y.^ iiiyTyi nyn tD^jn iy» DJn lyn npx injypip to-'j tk Myn^jiiyj t3yi}^Dy:iD"''iiS nts* t''^^ ,tDnD Pikd ny fx ,yny^''mN o'ij^^d pd w)): pk lyjisyj -^n i:D5<;n ny dj^pi nnb'fiya ty3{<;n lya^^ v^^'^': .lyaj^i^ti^y^j'^N pn* px ^y:nyn n nynjiN lypistayjiyT'Jx tDij px D^ii ,n^''an n fii^^:^ p^s toyy^ inx ,t:)^ymiDy;i t:)''^"ijnif;'i"iyj dpn D^y ny^D i\x 'nn Dj^ay;i iy d{$ii jyn i^s yn:^y^ n to^n ""n pa ni^ix ■qtjT ,^y»m pk |yDJ^^lL^'^y^ 3^^?n t^'D}5D ,;yjnN n ph ";mj»m n^n -}«n lyto^PT PN onx lyDynn d^ii ,'^y^ijyp^j^n yo^pi n inyryj ^n lynt^n ,3snN "ny lyn n^N' "qy^ya^^to yt^^^n yjyoniv pt v^ lyto^t^'iv ps' toj^^rn D'nnt^ nyi lyrn •qy^-ijyp^j^ni yo^pi n tx /joiNPiy;! t3i:i n^s:! mr\ iy .t3Pt3 nyn ^ti^jc^ ly^sa •'n inp tDiJjn pn* ,yny^^toix D'-iJi^a nyn ,D"in'!^tJ' -j''\s m tDj<;n ny pn ,DaNoy; lytojia Dn\s' toi^n tino pa tDi^Pt^jynj^j n n lyn^N ,p^J5a px onx lyayna ^n pi "ny^-uyp^j^p yo'pi n px Dpipyj Dyay i^j tt ny tojjn ^ynnn tyn^xn d'pn pn ,iytDNi^ND n pa ayp niN3 pn PN nya^i^a n to:'^ iy pi ."^m lyc^pi,, nyn ttj — t^jj^^iyn ^•"DNP mn n^vi^a pn ,t3Dna pn noyn d^pi pn lyans tit ^''nati'iv tDjJsmNn PN D^N lyayia d«;p ,"qy^njyp^NP yD^Pi n tn ,t3py^atojy ni^n n ^n tD^Nsti'ii; tojj ."I'un lyo^pi,, pa toany: nyn iv ^^^jny jyj^n iyt3^«;p niNn nyi pa innh n pi ,'nN^p^Dti' v^^^'pp pn a^Naii' n pn nya^N ^n lyij^^i^; ^n pn ty^Nay^D^iN n^ja "o'^m jyo^Pi" ayn pa taisn PN ,iytoNn^ND yt^^'on n pa ayp n lyanx ty^Na pn ^yo'in nyi .tye^jyjD ^n lyto^D ly^Na ^n inp -?NP yc^Pi n to^n dnpinb ,?yn^py:i ^n^P dh^n inx ^njon jd^d pn ytj^'on n toynt^ ^yo'-n-i'iyavs jyi^piya i^.* lyannyjiJN ^n lyn^n '^n^i^vp -vm v^'D)i PN lyny^^^^aN yti^'on tDno jytoNi^Nc yt^''Dn pn ,3n ''»in /'ni lyD^pi" lyi T^N DN1 — tD^o piNa pi ^n -iNa lya^i^ojN ly^Ni . . . ^p lyan^DJN "ni lyo^pi" nyn iNa pn ,nopj tonnyj pn tonyj d^^p N .ly^Naya pv^w pn ddjjn in nnns t\s ,t:^^v'?P^V'^ dni ny t:5<;n nnp pN N nj .(!iPiNn tiiNP PN t)jnypy:iy ny rnx toniD aw) t^nt^. pnNa d^j pyntJ' Pnyn^N ly^JNjy^onnN rns dnp /'^an lyD^pi" jyai^njytoti'nya.nN n]}i nNa ••••••••••••••••••• ••«•••••••••»•••••■••••••••■••••■••••••••••••■••' — 74 — "••••"•••••••••••••••••• ny ,D''2 yj^n nnx v^ t:ny;^N'v, ^y ^"n ,-\s WQ"")) wi:'?^ oyn inyrnyn ny-^ns ,iy:nN yD\'y?y^Dimx yjypj^-in^ny-i yjin toi^D inyo i^n* D^'^? D^isn .{i'jis-n pn lyin^Divonx ,nD p^t ld^d lyjijnt^ya t^sn ny d^ii ,p''LD:y ayn DSvXDyjDmx dj^h nxi^fc^D nyn PN* '•'n ,t}DTi3 y^-'^^i D'jyn^s* Dyn pi^ tD-in^2y:imi< pn ,D''n pn ""^i n lyojiN D5$3 iS iyny:!yj T'T oj^n t^i^n '?v^^'\^^ ivi:^'')'] n ^..lyt^ia N ly^yjy: V' lyn^^n tyris* n -i^^n lyn ps n^^j^n yjmyt^.^^^ yo^ni Dy- 1^^^ tyj^Knyjj^ "^n lyt^^t^n ^n ^ii ^lyn^^ny^ ly^ynt^' lyj^n ,pi^JiyD ■^n to«n nyoiyii yD^^njynt^'iyaj'iiS pd ly^jonio n* px ,Dns D'lyj^yr nyi ... iyi\s oyn pa lys^^ yiytD'i ytoonpnya n pa t^^yDn^^y^DPiN' P'^n pn to^ytoti^y^nij ny n«n y^^ni n* .fimii!-! w^Pv:^ to^j D^n nyj^yr yo'-m n nytDJiiS iyD«;jy;i tt ns;n D^n ,tDi^n ^yojjitoti' iyt3'''n oyn *inx PN ,Dyonyjy3JN oysy tDjnjjQiyn Dn\s pn t:.j$n oi^i ."n^^in pa njjjjn nyn pn i-inx jjtibc' n lynyjyj ny tDJ^in jj'i;iyn2PN PD '•nti'y: n ^''d PN ,yv^jnN2D lyi pn pv'p^^ lyn^n lyj^iyn^m t'-q^J lyo'V tyto^'iiv DNii rt^DPip nyti'nyn'P'i n oiymyi m^ti' nyto'-^Tiv lyn pa "^n jonh nSs*n . . . tyiNiiy:! '?^a^ T^s ■^j^Jiyi .lymt^^ n pn ayci'TnjN^sy^o'nN t3{:?n ■yn N nioti^ nyD^niv nyn pa dpin nyj^yr lyi t^n diin d^'5^ n pn N lyDNjyjD^iN iy:y^yj Tnx d^js pn ^ipn ,'^v:v^v^^Q^^^ n pn nytornn lynns ly^jnati^wiynnN ly^ipyjoPN pn dh^n /Duy: pd ^yD^^oti' nytoi: PN ,n\it:. nyn pn tyjy^y:i t^n dn^i ,iyn^N tyto^N ny- pa nysnyp nyi lyo^N lyi m ^nN ,nn^N ^ipn pi^n r-in to^yotj'yjaN "ly t^^^n njy^m to^j nynna m tyj^n lynns* nyn pa ty:PN n .lypwyjiv nn^N ^^^)) tn t^N tDpipy:!r^N rnn "^n lyn^n ■•n pn ,t5T^^^jiya ,iypjjn:i'iyi ,iyiw tya^j n .DH^N pN ly^jynjN n^Nnya ^n lyn^Nn ^n pi /D^jb D'lyj^yr nyn fiPN lynNiiyn t33^>^ -^nj "^n ^v:i^r] n^NS lyn pa iN>?n yo^ni y:JN^ piN ftDonn nytDPto nyD''''!'n nyn ^ipn pn loyn lyo^m DyjyonyjaPN oyn pa iNNH n nyjiJiN pa jyo^jya 'in mn dnh -toi^n ^yn^iiioti' ytom dni n ,n^J3 DNT DDN^ya nyD''n"i pn "lyD-i^^n inyo -^nj lynNn ,n"iN2 nyn -yj ^sjj toNH lys^^ yjyaN yj^n ^pn ,iyn'N nyt pa t^oni n pn "njjn PN — '^^^3t^' tys^^njyto^j'iyajiN nyn pa rnsr nynnjynyajiN nyn nnynti' Dyay "^nj D^yfDiio nns ny^Ss lyi tn ,t3DNiy:! toNi^j^D nyn "qn tojjn oy ovy "^n t3!sn j^nh^nd lyn .pnN niNi nvi pn Tiiatj' iy^iaD"'jo''''ny:! n -JN PnNt:t^' dh^n lyn^n dnii ,iy:iPN yjyony^aPN n iNa nx typ^ntj'nyn PN tony"! nytopto nyn d«p ly^omo lyD^^myotJ' nvi iNa ^n pn Dpipyj lynjiNPEi'nya ^Ji^vi^a t^n Dijyj pa ^yD'-'Dtj' nyn ... t^nN nnN^ i^n dn: pn mtDC' pa ty^jnati'yjDPiN pr^a t\s ny ,n^ja D'toNn^ND nvi pa — 75 — •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••»•••••• ii(..«»ai>«>i*i>«»*<>«»a»a-*-« (.n^'3 non^jo n) ri< lyii ,iy»^^ ryto^^'nif oyn r^K rnx :2)ib^ n ,n^ix nyt)^^' n iy3y:iy3 -yj jyv^isctj'i^ X tD^Q ,t3Ki^SD -lyti'^Dn x lyryniyn "^n to^s^n n^nta nyn K D^o ,"tDDy^ xpiiyn,, ^nni n t3'» wys^^ yt>^'n^n n ^inx '?''\VQ:iV^ n ns' yvmsBD nnns ti2 py^Q nyt2.>n -lyi .jyrix n rx nx^:i"iy^^2 nyn pn v^ ty3»n D^^n ,^yT^o nyjjr nyn na i^^^n oy^nip yvn^iiti^ jytj'^Dn rytDv^mv oyn t:»n /jyaM^oMix in^x ^^n jyDiJjiiyjDnn lyosi^ jyt3""iyoiT n rx dh^n t3i<;n lyo to'*^^ .tov^ny^Dnx iny» "^jjj toxi^ijo j^n t3^o lyajsjnyn T'x iy V2 iy»ijy:n{^nx ny-i^yo yti'^Dii yonNii n ns /Dsnyj D^j n^'n p^p ny t^ijn .^'tDnytDtj^ oyj^^^p nyjs^y^^^j nyi px p^{^3 /t:.'^^ y^^j^: n tyjisyj ^n tDsn ny .nya^yii pn ,jDnD l'^^?Q ^d::^ n px DjynyjDnx ti« tioyn^nxw nnyo -q^jj Di^n oyti'^Dn DyiJiryj v^-^ djjh Djsii nsfcjn DV'p'i^P yvi^iiti' n pn yv^JijjsD v^^v:^^^)) ytom n .qh^n jyo '11 ,t3V^n"iv ntx nn^N t^^n lyDisiiy^DinN ddi^ nyn px "qn lyn^jn t3sn ny • • ♦ tonn^syjsin ^^^'pq ,nm yrnyjjin n pa tjjj nyn "ikd d^jjii ♦j'nx px ^yn^'o d«t ys^yn p^? n^it^ nyn 15^ fiij^ii x rynyayj "qn ■y^D^iN py^D lyti'iyn^ni ryt^nn n'px on^x lyti^^ii^ t^n n^^i^s nj "nyjsMx yDm:i to^o lyn^x lyt^^x ly^^in n pd t^.^satj'yj jnn n loypsii to^D ys^'^n 'iiii' -nnsn yjj^?^ yjniyo^:^ x px rynx yjyp^sntj'iy yjyo DH'N w DpyitDK'yjD^iK ^n lyatjn njyn yjmytD^v yjyri^^yasnn lynynij nyrtJS^j iyi ..ony:yn pn 1^ :iyn nyi to^yotj'nyQ nn^N lynsjn px riy^^i: tytD^'Ti!^ Dyn pd ^n Diyniyi d^q yt^iyn^^ii yoiDiJjn pq ::^'?p "nsBD ytj'-iyn^^ii n pa nisa yjopn n "qj^j "qn tDmJs'D lyjpx yrn px px ^m'lp nyifjiiJ nyn t:^^ .n^^sn ytr-iyn^^ii pd py^a lyvn^iniK^ n pn y^^'j oyjyptsnti'nyT iyn^« oyn t3Q^*3y:iJ5j iy tojjn jjs^nya ry^^^jyo pn pa iyny:yj tD^jn nyj'^n ^yt:rn n pn my nyn ))i niNii « lyny^ya pn tyn^N .lyiijiiyj lyatj-ini^; to^j^n aisjja nyo^N in ^ti ^pnjp n ,mt3ti' lyta^^ii^k^ lyn pn pnN t^^Niiy^ toNn dni^nd lyto^^in^v nyi PN D^a yj^n lytj'niv ^nj dh^n "nn oay^ti' oysy ni ,D^n'ayj dj^h ny n^J PN ,niN p)p N tynyjyj T't ny dnh t^^'ipp'-n toi^ .tonto pn nnns toiyoNn (•.••.••■••.•■••■■•■.•..••••••••••••••.•..•..•..•..*..»..(.,f.«..*..«..«..«..»..«,.«.,«..«.,(.,«.,(.,«.,«.,(„a.,«..a..*.,a.,a..(.,«.,«,.a..«.,«..«..a..a,.« -76- "•■••»••••••••••••••••••••••••••••; -lynDjya t'^nn n^yj d^d nnyiijj^p j< lyDi^iiWJ^nx ryo Dsjn ^xa p^n .jynyj ^n oy px inyjuvj^nx r']^r] mi i:iiir]Vi toti'ij tojjn lyo ^^^ii "lyoniyj K pN* .ny^:ijn n p5 ivii'P n tyrn jyoDD'^p^^joiN dn nyjDsa Dy»yii y^yn^^o yjnnjj' n^ynv n jyDijnoyj "q>x n»n y^vin^DDJ'N Djy^a ny .pniv in«' yrj^^N d'» Npny»x p^"? iyinjjDy:pynx pn ly^jnr^iys y^x lyj^n nynDJ^j .non^o ny-i r^n j^oyo^y^yi i^y; iyp>ty -yjjs T\s* nrp D{$T px ,iy3nj$t3ti'y:i t^x yjsxo n .iynj^iiy;i lyony^nj^ ixn 'otj'^j tDD^i^i n n^\s toaynay: in^t< ntjn "^vs .^nx px lyijjiiy; jyou -NO lyn jyti'mif tojijn nrp d«;i ?m«Dti^ x inq m)) px ,t^n lyt^i^D ^n^x tinyiD oy .xs ,pxnynn px ry:iy /Oynx oyn ryjisy;DnN lyny^Bxs oyo PN 5ni2Dt3^3 PN lyij^iiy^ lyjiQyjDnx pn nyj^ija nyn d^jt ryjtjr i:: "n^o ♦lyjjynn iv nynx nrp m~i v^''?ivr:i oy^x i« taynjyii ny djjt ni njx^on pip tyoiD ynyoyij ryp^ti' rypo ,KpnyDN pn «t to ts^^'o yn^^tDy n jijyj toti^'j t^n oy .innit. V2 r^HDyj oy ryn^jn to Diji .D^ pN nyoxn lysxio n m lyj^n tDp^ti^y:! tynxn n^o d«ii in^j^t rytio i>n .tyn^ntj^yi t^tj^'j oy lyp iviv^ V'P dui ,Dmj nrx t'n p'^:ijin D^o lyns^yjjs tyD^tj^ mi jjnyjyn nyti'i^ajy nyn pn ty^jnn^iy n lyjnp .rynyii lyrs^yj^in ly^st ty^'ia ps ajnyp^ysyn lyK^n^N lyn inq lyr^'Btj' PN tynnm^js t^ti'i: rys'ti' yryn tiyt^a^^DiyD "nn mn iJS^ti'ti'n ■yoN lyn iv ^jny^jyn iv^d^'i ivi pd 't^jfeitisa x ty3yjy;nyn'N 2$jn tn -nn^ny onjs^^jy iy3«n ly^yr, n^o jyn pk ,vi:)'f:i^P ^v^^vi ti^'Xitj'n jypn 1X2 jnxiijyoy px ny-i^^^p d^o tya^B' yiyinyo ry^'QJx "i^o lypio ,t^'j .lyijy^ non^o n pd ivti^ y^^^p'^jjix yiynix ■•••••••••••«••• _ 77 _ >..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•.■•..••■••.•■■•■•••••••••■••■•••••■••••••••••••••••••••••"•••••••"•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -js n tyrnn m wv^b^ iv tyjJi:^y;i oy ins (n^y:! ly^n typ^ti' Dyo^oj^p iynyn 1^0 lyii .nynj^P n ixa ly^m^ tynjnj iv n^' Diy^^j^n yjyjoipy:! i\s ly^mK^ yj^'P nti^^j tyj^n dj^i t^* lynync^nya nn^ lynro ly^ni:^ p,D yonj^ n to^b'n lyo i^^ii nyr^^n v::i^V'i^ tyj^n dj^t .t:).i^ii n^ pt ty^iD ty^ST ^n n3 UN' iyDx:i n ^nx lyny^^xii de^^j "nn ly^j^r ^n ns lyirp tiD BIT ^yo'-n s' nx t^^m ^yp'-DC' n — :i5^tD ^s D'-^v^n^o pns t^'tD^D lynp ns'ii n D«n ty3^"5 dp^j^d n pn* ^^^ayto lyoy lyi^N* njyrnto a^vDia no .n^yj "iyjNpny»x na ^^^^n lyi tD''D tDjysyy: to^^in y-ij^joy: lynj^it^ ^yny:^ x anjyjjynn ,tDDn»ix lyoy ly^n 12,500 lynp njyrnts tvdid n -yn to^^i:^n«i» ly^n lyrnp 37,500 n« lyj^^xnya v:iViV'^^vti n 112 n^>?n X PK anyt^.c'yn t^^^^'^n^i^o nyi .^ns too^jp P3 tos^yn njy^ni^i* -y:iy: tyiyn Dy^.n5<;B yri^n n .an ^ysKtDiN'p ^ysyo ^^ ii« tonnn 0J12 .i«;T-iy2 lyny i^ ajjto pN '?n^r2 p^x i*s;j lyn mn m\) m^ vo^)m n .^ti^n^s'Ti pn ny^^ntD inyr tyj^n ly^^ip PN ^ynn lynyn t^j^^n £dd5§p ,Dyp^3j?p i^vjspiv ^ynn n no^py; lynna .lyjnp Vi' lyiitr ^nyr 'nns' t\s d^^t -"in ^youx ty^^ip tD^np lya i^^n lytosyt^y: y^-ii^toy DJjn mi^tDt^' n cy Dii^ lynjiDti' ddk ,iynyn yn^n nyi pk ly^nxii nixi \vd nynj^; ,iy;''^ .iy:inp iv px -^n •'n lyaijitiya Dn\s "^ns n^n ikd lyn^n nnyr x n^y^nyn t3ti>^j tytoynyj "q^o mr\ ny .^ytoJND nyjyv^ya x px iJjntDy^jj^; d^dj^ "n^j^ .nyo''^ PN c^xp nnyr lyiiyj t\s oy ^'''n ^yoJXD p'-o li^nrnvonx tDDixny: n^^n "h^n ?ti^^^iny:i otj^^j t^n nyo^v pn nnijn ny .nyi^ti' nnyt ^nx T^i< d«t pn* ,5 ty^np i^; -q^^p^^j iy p^s* ,^ynn -ji^x Dsn tyiiy:i t^n '\v:i'?v)) ^VD^^-m^ii' t^n px lytoip iv lytoyny: ^^?2 .T^in px nyo^v ytov^^ny^ yr^; PQ lyjynnys ty^y^D v:i'?v'\) ^ii^']i^)) pn oy^^^axa i^^ixq rns oy lyny^ oy^^^fDNB yn^yr n tDtj pi< .nn^j^ x ix^jjn njyrn'o Dpyr tu 'm ly^yii •'n ^■'^ii ,tyD'ipiv'i!>* -"n iv nyntj' is^:! P5< oy px npnv pa t2:3^^n ojj .ynj^^oy:i nyn 15^ "^nyi x tyDKjD iv nyn^^x ,iy:ijin pa tnyjo^N lyD^j •inn px tyti'jyD y^y^vyao -^in lyjiayio^-iN lyiyii oy^'-^xa ya^yrx "lya px to'Dt^o'iya to^n lyo lyii DynD«;j tDC'ny ,nj''na px ytDJxpyn .ni^n pto^o t3p^t3Ii^'y:l '^n "i^^iny^"'to:i' px jjnyv ^you dj^t toanp •..•..(..(..(..•..•.■•..••.••.•..••.•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..e><«»»»«»*-»»*»*»«..«-*<.*>.«»»»*»«»»»*»*-a"*"*"*"*"i — 78 — >••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• w^w)) ly^np n« Q'\^2 isni lynaytry: n ly^yj \v^2vn yn^n yjjs^ n ^jnyp^yayn lyn iv lyDnxp to-inn d'j JJltD^Kl■nyQ-u^^t3:i^ n .t^anpnya lyn^xn lyti'iDn x t^n D«n ,Dn"i3 dni: 205 iv ayj^'x lyiy njyroDyiyn n Tx (jsms'a lyD lyoip Vi' i^j i^n-'in tyro) ;ij^^ ''iTiS t\s yn'-n n ;ynjit3c^ inyy -^j^j Dsytyy: toMnn ci^i lyn^n^nyn yjyoipy^jj^ ynytDysti' -nsjvyn v'n'ii^B ly^n ■•n lynp ,ts-i^3 ^^j fx oy nnx ,txn nx /lytDiKii .T^ns lyDnn x inyr njy^ n lyntjnNQ n^i^'-j lyp :j'ny^;iyT yt^'to'-n n tn d^ix T": tDf^ii oy no lyny^ nn p^xs dst nx m^^ o^jiinxJ to^o jjiiyp^yayn ytj'i^ns iv^^^'pp rx nx ly^^nt: "inyr tDvy> tyj^n yn^yii lynpnx^B yjy:^^x v^^^'^ toDxp toMin y^iyixn nyvnxiitj' onxii ysxmx n t^x Diji .toyto^tDJXiiP .(Doxn:! 409) .tojiQ X oyp'sj^p iny^^nys woviVi T^x Dy lyn ijyrjy: •^^^r^ti'nnxii t\s tonnn tojia n^xn x rx lynnyj i^d lyn "lynx — lyiyoy: nx lyt^DiiD ,tj'''>^Q t3''o lyoxTi^. ■qnx ti'^a ,tojiD X ^ynn x xtJ^ixn px Dvy^ lddxp ^^^"p^ tx toDxit^ynjx --lyD ii' DD'^^ oy T^x ny^^HD iny: "^nx lyj^n yry^oyj dj^t nx V2^v^ oi^i Dxii tDtj'ijitja lynxn voi^'^P yiy^yto^o n i^^sx nx vt^-^'\i^ n tx lynyotj^ •n^^vjy:! 'n^^:^xQ lyj^n doxiji 205 n .^ys^tonxp nx t^mn nn x lyoy iv ..-ijyjy^jy; o'J n^xn X nx "im tsoj^ip /DU n^s ixd :njy: oma n''ip ,yp^n v:i'''''?P x X t3D«p nyto^s ,Dypi3t$p 55 dd^p 'o^nn yo^^i tojiD ny:i'^,Dn x .oyp^sxp "XP rvDis D'o ^ynn x ryp ,Dyp^3XP 70 'WPr^ ,Dyp>3XP 65 to^o ^ynn 1XJ TK iy^\'iD nrx nx Pi"'n tix oyp^axP 60 lytDDXP .ix^nyn ,nn ,Dyp^s DDXPy:i nynnD 'oxn Dxn ^nyn pxt x .tyDmny:! oy lyjyp lyti'jyjo yj^rm .^ynn oiynjin tor^n tooxP ^y::^ 12 ;iyto yoc'iy n nx .330/000 ns jjnyp^yan yt^^nns x Dxn xt^'ix'n y^i'nns n Dp''tyy3Dmx t^^jn 3jny:y-i yti^'-D'n n lyn nnn^o nyn ns tyfoipy:nv lyn^x 100,000 ^i^2 lyrn i^vm n^n^n nyn ns jjinyp^ysyn — 79 •••••■•••••••••• .^^3n to^yii yi^j^'a n nx p^«q pn nxD ly^nto nx iy:i«T iv (n nynj^p nionn ,y^N oy tynjjn ny-rp yj^n to'o -^n ixq ry:in{^T iv mn tyt^-l oyn .lyny^ monn x tDD^^n nyn t:.«n ,^n^Dyj lyny^yn n d^o lyss'ti'y^ t^n iv:i'?V)) ^2V^ nyn nti'yjon lynjj — nntj^non iij oy^x t\s ds;-! — tJ^nn 15^ -^nx nin tyto'^iiif ."^i^^j iy?Dy^N ''u tD''j omx Dy o^ip ly^n 1KQ itjntD iv ,mn iyt3-2 nyn n^jsyn is iy:jsD lyti'jya Vi)^p nin tyD-1 cyn jj^hjo iv t^^j ^n jyDy:-iN3 lyoxr^u .t:,^yn lyn nxa — p^jjs .nnin yn^''n "t tyint: im .tj^jyo k J2^j Doynya -^n 1x2 '?^^)) ,t^ ^xq — its-ioNT iN3vi:i T^K Ttx n'l^j ,2i'^'-\^ '^'x ty^^yi"! pk ti^ lyn -nx IX — Dyjp3 n "i^ "lyjtoixs x lyauyj ixo nyD^n x Dt^n ^njjo x ,t)v:v2 n w rnyQ nx T'?'\r])} lyryiiyj t^x ny ^''n mj ,iytj>jy» lyo "^^ix lyMiQ y-i'u ynyn lynxn lytyiw nyjtonxs lyj^n nyjyo n lyii "q'n lyjjxayj px ^na Diyjonxs lya^n nyn — .Dypnyjt^ixB ^n nny^yj .Dyn^i^pyj nnx inya tDjy^s ma Diyjmxs lyanx nyi nx mn^^^pv: v\ii ix» nn^x lyayn lyjjxsyajx tDsn Mna D'nyjtoixs lyontj cyn .t^jixnt^ ypiyjonxQ ya^n n ni nyi'^^p yD^yrx lys'n D1V IV Dnya ,d^qx px nyjoixa ivD^'^ii lyt doip ^nx»x X tyDXD nx pxoD tyony: ^xt lyo ^m iy tx nn^x toyn nx nyjDixs nn^x t3xn nyjt:nx3 iv^^^^ lyi .tj>iynjx tD^j nx — dv:v2 n ns intj'n pn i^D ^u tyti^xn iv xnio lyn it^oxn" nnyo nyn t^x dxii rt^jyiayj ?mn IV D^j nntj^n X ^^"11 "q^x — "lyjtsixs 'ivr:>^i^ nyn t:.-iyQtDjy — p'j tyoni IV inti'n oyn '^m "^^x nij ,DyjTn n px nxn "^^x n^yj ^y^sm lyo'ii inyT Dyii •'ns p^n lyii — oyjt^n n px r^yoti'nyt^rn pn tx ^y^S'ii .i>» ora tytt^DB'^^'x n Dyn j^^ytDtj^iynrn pn "n^x tx ]V2vm V'\^ lynxn *i^d ^y^a d^j intj'n x dt'^i "^n 'wwi Dy 1XJ — non^D px lynyjjin yn^yii nyoDyiiti' px iv^^^2 niv^^^i^ nxa ,njxa Dyn iv lyny: w n^itj' "nxJ tyj^n i^o ^y^a ly^^jyo "id x iv tonsil ■nn yjnyjjin ynytJix "n^^ayo ^y^a lya^yn iv lyo^t^ti^j^'x ly^jjT y^x ijnyjn ,D^PDiyn ^21 nuijon ^d m^nn ,10m' n^otj^n i»i — nyn ,D"xt33n ,irmj22i irjnn — i^jprn i»..»..»..»..«..>..»»»..».^..»..>..»..«..«..»..»..«..»..t..t..»..«..,..,..,..,..»..«..,..,..,.^..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.^.,,..,.,,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,. — 80 — T^i^n typip iw^iN DynySs ,yD^ysnpis'a nx vp:i^'\P yiyn ,iynis v')]}'''''! in^N* ,n^s' '-1 .tysy^yj iy2«;n T'?2 •'II nnyo lynyj lyjyp n^o nya^^ny: -nnp '1 nn^x ;D''n ^s lynyj nrio inns "^jjti n' '?vp''2 k lynyjy:! tDs^n N tojjn Dy lyii nx .nynv^mp x lynyj tonn nn^s' ,n^n n lyny^yj t^tjn .)) .T iiN is'^^tjT N ty^yj n?o iyny:y;i lyn^Vip px nijnti'n yjnyD^Ti vt:^^^P ynynx no D^n^s tony^ nynnn ,nN .n!!jit3D''n DtD''''nti'jya tiD lyt^''''^' yD''^pyn:i> y^x ns yt^oD^^pynti' ytyn ,^utD X .^vi^i'n yny^ns na ;iJioyn dxt nxa tyn^^miS iv -qn t^.iyoji^ny lynns nyjxpnyox in^x .tD^yii yvjxj n tov^^^Dixs t^i^n hd ^no x DST Dpj''ny3 ,pnx D'n: ris ,nan nyi na :iJiS3j'>nK oyi '■•'n tonyoti' ,'q'ix 'T'''N nxD Dxn t\x yD^^p>^:ijix n ixa to^yoxr in^x y^^yn f-'Btj' n ynytJiK tyasT "njitj'o nn^ao n^voi n^ix:n nx nmpoti' npn^ n'?)i: ^3" /D^yii lyn ^^ix to'^n^na tojj^nn n ry-t dmij t^x npnv ,n .n ,n^oDn ■yn nx ,D'^njynixmy2 na ,ty33'ny'jyi yrt^ti^nn toi>n na D'^n^na jJXJiyDiiK lya^^njyti' n ns is^vxr^^nv^; n ,D^yn n DyD n^typ ly^s n n^nta ny^x ^n tisxotj'nyD ryay^ ^sr nj^p x jyn .1 ?ryDy rynyjyj oy in^x to^sjii ,ti^yp ti3 rymxt^.K' ^xt rxo -lyt^^x tx ryn .2 ?t3yi"^pyn nn^x nn^x d^xii ,t:yn typjxnp I'Qnx Tx^a^^n ryjy^ ^xt ms yto^x ix lyii .3 ?pvnyo ryayjyj n inns to^xii tDMt: nyn ni lyjny nnxcy: x rynyo:?' ^xt ^yn^^o yjjr x nxs lyii .4 ?oyj3ynyj n nn^x to^sn .nynjy^ oaynp n- px nyjjin pa lymxoti' nynrp yr^^p ynjyr^it: ? -pjxnp px \:i^vp nyjjin pa tyaiiStotJ' tyma rix 1^:^^ yto^x ynjyrnts | .y^v'^xa px ry^ns njx^on px t;.^''n I .nns px t3X3 1^ tynti' ix^-i''''o yti'nix ynjyrnD I • — 8i — ..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•^.•..•.■•..•.■•..•■.•■.••.••.••■••■••■••■•••••■•••••••••••••••••••"••••"••••••••••••••••••••••■•« ]];^2'b^B J;1J;T::l^< .tD^^Vsnr^H ,3 xnn^ nin yo^ytj'tD D«n pnjynyt ns tow V2 ,1915 ,tDDinK ;ij^Qjij li^^si 16,000 viivi'^^ non^o n ixs njjjn dj/t ii^ Dny^''tDti'yr'n tojjn to'o tD''''njy"tynDiv n tik lyoipytj'o lyn tD^n^Q ,iyt3Xjj$o 10 na D^-ii: ps jyo^iy !^N tD^nrn jyryn px ^d^v^q tonytoti' ,'n'^pim ,m .toDn^yr "^n yiyrjis" lyQ^j^nyjto^D iyn«n yD^yn ,NpnyDN: pn onytoty y^x pa p^^ lyjyp lyo o^j^ii to^unx y^y^j^j ^^tn in'q \v)) m .nynnn ytop'^jJiNnya lyiyn pd lyto^unx y^^toD^D n iv pj^n nyn doip ,pjst n IyJJ^!!^^yQ .nyD^^mx yDxar^s* jyj^n yD^yii pa ytoonnyo n ,yt3tDioi?p tD'j ^sj toi^ii jyn^n n^o D»n ,iynyt3tj'nyQ lypo I'o nyinn ,iyni!j anjy^Bxv ,nynnn ynynix ryn .dd'^q lytJix pq tDs^yn x i^^sx i^snDya yny^n tynjyii njyn yi>.D^j "tJ''nD pn pD -jy^ijx-i lyi^tj'TXDXQ y^x px ,n'ty y^'o^yo x ' toiyt:yotj'i^ lynxn w^V)) lyp l"oynytDxn -lynnn" ttD^yQ^^^ivnyQ ly^nti^ Dnto nyn tD>o v^ :in lyto^xp X P2 yQ^in to^D iy:]y:ijyn ^n px rnn lynytoti' lyi-"^! njxoy^ "jnyny:nyD^ix ,ijiyjy yjy3y:iy;nyn>x o^o ^id noti'j x ?n^n nynx ^yp^J ! y:x^ XTX tns* "nn tjnyn^D i^y:i px D^>mx pq jiJijjyiDti'Jx y^'^ toi^n lymx pa mt^Qj yto^yanpiv y-ijy^y ynyix i^^^^'o 4 lynnn -ntoD n px lycDxo t^x tymxtDti' ,nyj3in pQ lyto^xoti' ,£^^^^^2 px px ty^v^^x:i P3 ly^tnx n njx^iip toynxr ,iy^^i3 ,xt:)^^ ps lyn^x n ;tyt5 ,nynrp yny^n ,nynjy^ yti^^jxp^xn px ^xnc' nx pa lyn^x n A'^ri^i'i — 82 — ■•••••••••••••0"*"*»*»*"*»*"«"e"*"*"*"*"*"e»*"e»*->*»8"*"*"*"*"*«*"*"*"*"*" Diji T\s lyn Dnij'n ,p^5<;d yti'^on d^t ^^n ld^j ojny^^yn y'i:'''DTi n ••u -n nyn tD^» to^j ,^^'tp'C' nytJix lyrj^^xnya ly^m i^» m~f nynjixTi n 55"! lyr, p'''))'^ '\m'' •'m tD^o ?p^5jq ytj'-'Dn dst jd^^d n}<;j jjiny^iiyi ivi^^d lyDvsanya nyn t^n -ryryj D^xnp cyi ty^yii ^x^c'-i^a nyn iynipyn5>*Q t^x 'n ty^yn d^^v 11"^^)^ n i\s tn pjiSny:; I'an^ lyoipyj Kxi ^^'2 nyjy na 1^0 .ly^na y:nJyt3t^'Dn!^yT y^ns x nxs lypn n^* lymistj' lyQ"l^i^ "^n na iy;n'n pn ryjyp ly^yii i^o lyn ,'o^iii tst^'^j t^n tj^^f n tn ]vmr\ ..P^S2 ryti^'Dn tyna x to'o Dy^:y^mn3 ya^^^:! lyn^n nx nj^^on lyt^nn^^nrv nyvjx:i lyn ixd ,iii^'? nyvj^'j nyn pd t3Dny;i ('nxs ■^ypy n jyj^n ryn^x n jy^ya lyajno^i^nya n rt^ ,'q\s ^r]V^p'\v >q'pv)) v^t lyaixn ly^yii v:^^^)) lyj^^nys na lyajn^^nj^^x !ix Djyr^ ytooDNin -jy^i Dy .(Dpj^^ lytDjy^Dns^sK) lyDyinnyD yny^n nxa •n^^toii^iitoj^iya tonfsii N tyaxT i!» ,xon ny3''^-iyp''p lyn ns ryDxtoisyt ,'T'''X jx T'T toyi p^jsa lyc'n^x Dyn tyT^^^onx toyn DyD^yn djjt ti>'nt:3^ix iv ,t5Dint3 n^ -^V)) PN /ovy^ "nn tyj^3y:i 'n ly^^yii pn* nj.stD'L^'i^' tyanynnto nyn pa nya "ly^^yii ,p^5§3 lyt^'^on pa lyn^n n iv lyjj^nnpm^* ^n oyii oyD (/'nDyiyy ty^n^^yj) .n3{<^iytD^'Q n Dvy^ ^n^^nta -lyn^j My^ijsn ptx toyii xan v:^^^:i^:vP n 3P^s' nc^^j D^m "^^x -2n yai^p x ins ,t2.D^^D"iy"iny in ly^^any n foyn i«;nD ptn toyii n npx PD ^''"'pDPi: px Djmy; Dyn i^sd rnn^j t^n* ly^^yn tDsntD ytj^^tDiS^i?^ .(Dpr^ lyojyDDnjj^sN) .njN^nytDs^Q lyrjux >•••••»••••"••• -83 - ■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■•••••••0«*"«"«"*"«»«»*"«"*" PN tDiyiJin tyjSDti'ya t^x yvj^no p^x 'n ^-^xt xtx t^nn i:: jjnyj .yjynynniyQ yt^'n^x t3^» t^^y^Qyjjjj *^T^j}5n pd divSP tny^ lyvjKj lyn pn lyiJjiiy^ ^ivnv:^ toti'n "qnx t^k ny^^yii ^yo^D x '^tjj yoytoD'D nyn pd :jinn''£)j'iK n pk -to^yn nymn^^pri: nyn pa ytoD'-tj'y; ■'^N ynymx pa lyiynj^jr ,iy:ix^ ryD'^nj^^D nyn ria r\)23^i2 to^j iNTi myDti' ryjyiJ n px ,nyaiu yjyr^s yiytJix ,iyj>?nmyDJix vm yrj'^N ry^y^^pyjDPN ryjjnyjy-i yti'^mst^ti' n lynjjn m ryj^syj jyn^x y»nitD t^N tyansny^j^nx px n^ni ^^yn ytDDjnyryjJN n lyns D^jni n pq N PD lyiyn lyjjsjyn cyii nDxnnya njy;n^x ipn tk 3Ji:nyi nyn d-io ,iyiyn lyjjsnyj Diyjsrns yD^yT^? 'P^v ty^yn ,tyTK ,xjn /i^jpjjp -yti'TOis^ ,v'i^'?V'P /Dxixn pq mJDt^'^D lyoijyj mn lyo ,'^Nii nyt3D:ijy-)tDti' nyi nytojix tyD^sny; '•n t3«n lyo ps „)) .t ♦« p^m^ PK v^'PVP -ypsto^jjs pK DcyniK lynjiN y^y^a «n "nsj lyj^n tsvy i^'sx •nx^DNjnyDxpyi ps DyoiiD n r^x i{jj lyj^n 1915 ,ddijpk pn .dniki .mjDtJ'D v^'pv^i^ 400 nnx typy; p^^x (y^jiyai: nyir^n^o) yiiXD^sjs Pn n iy:yp njyT'n iyD5ji2{i'y:iDPx yvr^s^^ nyi pa iy"in"'a x "^n t:)5$n "NT'x PN nji^myD P2 tyto^^v n i^ T't lyiy^jnyjiyn n^o tk ,iyn^K nysniys nyns tDvy^ .(y^npiprN nyti'^ji^st^' nyn pa nynjn: n) N^^yn toi^n ytj'n^N p^p .lyto'^i' ytyn lyrtDti'yjnyins* iPti' lyj^n n^^ tn "^^^x ^^k yiyTj^x njynnyp ,yijx3ti' lyn^^nDiya i^ lynsnyj tyDj^anys DtJ^^j t'k -'pun tynpny:j5j lyn^n lyn^x djjp ,Diro n tyo^^Qya tDJjn t:.i^n yti^n^x ,"iJ8^"iyDijQ nyi ryn^Mj^iya iv lya -84- •••••••••••••••••••••••••••"•"••■•••••••••••••' -n^o ^n iyjjiNMi5;y: lyiiyj tyj>n lynx n ns' nyt^^n n^yr,::'^ n ns lyiJ^i^y; PvS lytyjyo 3000 tynfcjuyj lysynonya lyj^n yt^'D>J^^{$o px .lyey^t^^^v "nin xti'ixii "Hfe?: tonn^ay: ^n 05$n ly^ .tynjiDti' :i^vjN'nv ns' ly^a yrns PiS* ,p^3i^ ^nn lyn^ya nyn^x lynynay;! ^n ly^ oj^n ^-^^myn ,xnNii^xp y^ys .iy:y?DiyQ ny^n lyonyjn^D t^jypyj tDti'-'j ■'n lynijn T'^n^t^Nj r^m^ PN jy?oipy:j5j lyj^n ^n lyii .did iv tny;i tDTioyj tynsjn ^t pq .T^^Bti' o'n;y^iv ^n ixq d^jh y^^yii ,yD^to{!5p yji'n\^ x ijy:y:x3 'n DJjn ,iy^ytD:i'iv3«; "qn t33n?ny t:.>j nyiynjxii n lyo otjn ,iynymy3 m^' lyajj • .nyo^^ii tnyj npoyj lyatsn tix i -'yj T\s* nrp Dy:nnxi Dpyr x :p>^:jix in m^DvSs ojjn :yn t'Dn^s* I n2pD 15: tonn^iy oti'^j lyo t3«n lyiyo^y n ,^^X2 x pn lyns^iiyj ny'^nn i I .nrp ny^n pn I yo'^^ .lyn^N nyjiiijp pd jjin^noiyD n Djns'ny:^^^ m^ix atjn •q^x t -y^ty lynsiiyj ryji^jo ^inx tyj^n "q^n lynyj lytoDyj q^iv lyj^n ys^yn I ■nx^T'''o PN lynD yti^n^N njy:iyjN2 "qnx 2«:n nyiyijspi n ryt^'ni^* ."iy£3 -XT1V lyi^i^p D'^jyj /lyniQ ya^^on d.^j3 iy»xpv o^^niNy: ly^jjn yD^yii Dvy lyj^n ,ynjyT^^ non^n n nx2 nmj iy»xnv lyny^^pyj px jyo PD Dy^^^DXD inyryj ^n lyti^'i^^' 3xn ^'x .iyjx:ix'ii px opxsnya lyiiya -jixmyQ nynynjxn y3^^p^^:jix n jyt^ni^' inyiyj 2J$n -nnx ^lyoDnnyryi a^^ nyn ly^^nxn ^v^'i nnx lyjxioy: ly^xn y^^yn ,ryDxi^XD ytayn ytj^n'x n tyii tx djjjt lyo .(tDi^jyn^yn pd iy3''^v x) Ji^yj .dd pq -yj i^xiiyj to^D ^n lyo toxn ,ty^n3 nn oc'Dnx'oy: lyaxn lynxn^ijD n .nynrp px lynD v^v^'^'^ t^n^nmys tyo m |yp^p•l^: •qn ly^Jixii^ n "inx .tj'TXJNn PQ Dyjxjxii px nxti' ni Dixssj'-iyD lyo oxn lyn^x -yj mw vii Dyj5j:xii n n^ix Dsy^pyjjx lyny: iy:^n y^^yii ly^Dy^: ly^w tyj^n Dy /' "hjijj oyn^B'T j^^^aiQ px oiynjin ly^a" ly^ynti' n lytij^wrnx tonn^ny d^jixj t^xn nxt^xjiymj ny- ixii y^ya y^ya tyii tD^^v lyn px xj^ni px iyiiy:i m Don^yt "q^x .|y^^s* yijyiynjxii -nrxiixJ ^yT ^'i« inytot^ toT^s^y:) lyo Ds^n iyi\s d'sd pnu yvjx: x pa tyins top^ti'y;! dj^h lyr:; jxo. ny^a yvixj ^inx y^vjxt^o lypD^^^ -rnx ^'?^)m t3^3 ''n oxn nxtoxjiyniJ nyi lynx -xiixo^xa ^^J xjiitjp -li* nyiym ^n tyo ts^jn lyjxi pa -xjiixp px op^:yy:;pmv ^n px lyifc?^ ■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••"•••••••"•"•■**■■•"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*" -85- ••••••••••»•••"••• >•«••«•••■•«••*• ^y- JDD'^^y^a ,mya lyD'^ii I'an.s -^n* lypn^ns nyn lyjy^tyny ^ya^niy ztDnsjtDti' nyn ^m myQ lyD^ni I'sn^? lyony^ ^n^o.s oj^n ly^^yn lynl^yt ,iyjfc?Dy^y£^ yzD^^nyj t^st^nyj lynjjn tyn^t; n .jyot^ijj^s iv ly^^^nsniS y^nyp'j n dvo nx lyoptitTiyj \v2i}n n^^ul^n n .lya^njy^yD tonyt^^iv jyj^n ,tyTinp y^y^v^s^ n px :iji^yi2nN nx jji^y^jyi nyi na yi>''D^ y^jx:i X ,iy£^.inn t^x lyoyij r^x lyis^iiy^ ty:!Jit3in3£i'nya yti'^sa n HN' lyn^iiy:! tDnyny;i tatj^n ^^^oj-'^p tyj-Dijyjj5>* tyj^n ,ai^njy:i jjnyp^yDy^ nyvjKj "lyn iiQ lyjnN* n in's lyn^nyj Dnn^sy^D^iw tyj'''T ~yi lyn na to^ynjvsnys lyj^n lyi^x n tx ,iyn^i^3 ci^* 'OD^nyj tynj^n rtoiti' t'lyDnN T^N* jjnyp^yayn yt^'nns v^^^^ n t^? nx n:!''3 D^^? :jny':i .ryryj ns "i5^D''ini< ,D3yo:i'iy :Dynjy:^«:s l\s lyjistDti^ya lyrn ty^o'-o yryn ,\SD lyovy^ nyn rn iynjy:y^ v'pvt) na jjnyp^ysyn yc'nnx n ryvtjyr .lynjyjya yiynjx y^y^a px px ly^^is pn lympyjij^a lyrn mam n ■1^^ tyisnyj n^'i^nt^ni^^iya -nins-i lyj^n lyjvsinys i^i'-^^^o n/sn n diIvS lyriiS yjy:'^N yj^n d^d inytyj isj to^n oy nyn .ly^oyn px lynyiJNPi :iJK^«T tyoyj-iyQ nt^^^j ^j^oj^'p oy tDyii ,tyoipy:n5^a lyj'n mam n ni rvjsspiv px ny^a pa tDiypiyj ojjn j:nynjNiiDPN n .ly^y^ tjyn iy D^ysnp tDa« pk* ,'iyirp pn yo''^? ytO/N ,iyp"i3 .jytD •'Piv V2 ]v\2y^'^ •■••«•■••••••••• "•••••••••••••••••••••••••f*»»"0" •.•*.9*.ei*»**»«*«'*«**e**«t*»yii ny3«; ,iyijy^ vi^v^i^ n i\s iyoijy;iiv toti'^j i^d ^n tot^n lyo /'lynj^^nys t-o •'n {<;t i^n -yjonN "qn lyn^^n ysl^yn ,tyi'K n ns ^n^sy;; lyi iyny:i t\s om •^^^njy nx .yooyns nyi i\s Dy'!»\stDDy3ij.s?o n.s ty^^sj? y^y^D px Dpm px lyonyj oanvsny;! nyan lyn o«;n ly^n^Dy:! yryn .xon lyn !\s "^nx -yn n tk lypj^n Vi* toDyi k lyn^jn on^y: to^^^n iS*o iv^v^ .DDtsnoy^Js* ,iy"\s n PD ^^ip^^r nyi iy"iyjjn;nxD ii* ly^o'-o lynjyiijx fn»xi jjny^j .!y;jn'D{yii ,iyins lyuypiD lyD^yiJin .-I^yD-tD3<<^*yi^ -^{janya n lyj^n :ynp djjkdj«! pa tx nysj^ n^o inyr oyn t^xtot^JN -i{'\i>iv ^'^ Dnns nj^n ^^'i'^^^^s n nynj? ,;iji^"ij Nnyn y:i'Tvn iy mssDiSa ra^iN lyDynti'y^anx dh^n |y3^?^ px rjiiLvoyj pyopx lyn -nN:i Dxn^j^D ^ytDXirns x .tD^nty-xmyt^'tD pt« p-'-w^ wiv)) w^V^ S*#t iit^toDsn PS' ii;rDipy3j«; pn ,Dia n iyt3''jti'y:iafc? Dfc?n lyo lyoyn ,''pDTiy^ ^^'^: tD^siiy: onw tD^n ^'v^^^^a n .njnyj pn lyiyoynixa Di^))W ''n lymj-iya lyny: pit^ pn* v:>'?V)) ^ti^'-^Np Di^jt^ti' ot^nuya pn iv typ^t^ -yj ny Dun jy^^-DUs^ ayn pa t3'^p;i^tDyno n nn ijjj px ,iy"^tD^n n .tyn'^^mya Vi :^'^Jn^'l^-'ly n ly^i^np -1DXB ya^^p^^^JiN "q^iN pi v^^^P^^Ji "is^a ly^ip jynp ly^jx^ n pn lisa pN ,DX3vST pN ":?TTy^ n^yti'' s tyzjjn ^,i.' ^^^vij pn D^jxajy^x .ly^jn iji^a nyi nj^n nnp ."t-n nyn" yroT-a yjD^K n Di^Donpy pyViV lytyn yc'nvs TN ^:3N^p x n^naciya pity ^>t ctjn ,ryjyn:i lyiJiN Da^n^ny- p« D^J i«;noy:i myii d«-i pn ,tyc'n^n n iv op^cyriyavs 'oiyii n^y^ VDB^i2'^v^ PN ,Dyjnt:) pn -lya-ity Dai> pn lyiyiJv^t ,;iyn tyasar-'N ik in55 ,nyiypi pn nytD^Pi mnov^ Pnx i^'^a nyi nt^j ^n n^^n anp ,T3y; ■... •••• •••• • • •••• • ••••••• ••••• • •••• «•••••••••• -87- "D^x •q^sn in lyn^n ,3jnyi:yn nyn iid v^vm n ns 'o^'^ti^y^ d^j lyj^n tns rix ,i«iVkSJ iyvj^:i nyi tis JJi?o't::^ lyjyn^myj nyn ^^f ly^^tDtJ^yj jynp nyn rx tymjy:i ^^^ntaji^N' ^n ly^^n "inj$' tyt35»'y? na i^n^iya oyn -yn W'^i^i lyn t^-in^^^nfj^o lyns^n lynns n .t3nt< tynsTpny^D s* fi^us lynsn ^tyTiN' n .'•n cfcjn ly^ti^iytDJiN nyn to^o ■^^^tojny'iiy:! nyn^j .inyr n jynp i\s £:pi:^y3pynN (yD^^^ yotj'iy) inn y^^vj^'x yny^n ■q^ix -jny^iyjiyDnN tx lyta^nyn iv tOiSnya jynp jjxdjjj na lyn^jn lyjjito^i^: /DTit^Ji^sn n tyny^ tyj^n d«t lynj^na .Dn^toji^j^ii y^i'n'^? ^n^v yD^^ JJN1 oyi t^N r^n iv jjn^u yiy^yn ny^n nyn^x ,t3rt3Dyiyn lyj^n v^^v)) ^.\i>^2 ;iJKn ryiysyn oyn ty^yn ""n tk tornxny:! lyajjn ^n .lyny^^^as ns .I'pvQ ^^^^^ t'a^ix iy3Js:yj 'n lyrn ^{jn ,tyjnp ■D'lK rx tyimtotj' iv tyjjixiivy: lyny: t>x v:i'?V)) ^iv:v yti^n^x n ynysyn n rx tyoyntoj^nx iv ty:Ji:^jy*i3yi n ns toxo^nyn x d^x 12^'? ^iV^ip iv^v^i m) D^'n X tsinypya^iK nynjj "nn Djsn AV^n)^ v^^d)i ti2 lyyoix n t'x lyDsntay^j^nx D«n n nynjj .lyi^s'nyj tonny^pny t^x I'D'iK ty^Ncy: jyj^n lytojyniDD yti^n^x ^nsv yoMij x .d^^'p'pv ytj^^on n .tytDpJi3 ynynjK tix tj^ty^^ ri2 jJin'^nt^nyD nyn "n n^ya D38^tj> n nnx nyn^'tj'Djy iv lyoipyjiJSD t'x -ijyar "lytj^DO'jrv lyn tyn ^ "lyfi iv tyjjiKnvyj pn nyns ,t:Dx:i'iymy2iiK wp^wq n tyonyjix ?ijT f --isn nx xmjxDpy^x "nsj iny: iv tDrijy: lynya n t^x xrDDy^xs jytjj^ I .yyonx '■\i:^^'?::y iy-t tx tyo^^tj^jsj -nn lyo | nx n^yj tyasiDy:"3 iyn«n ny^yto^scsn tonnyj tynsn ty^x n .1 yjnyn^K n ni nrx iv^ip nyn t^x tyoijyj ^^^n^jx t^Dnrn tyny^ t^x I tiinjyn^yn iiq ry^'^v nyn ty3»npy:i rynsn lyrx y^y^s .njx^ jied iv:v2 I • .tycNDtj' yt^rr^xiys n tia tonnyp | tiK — IV ton^ntj^ — nnssy: t^x ryny^ v^tD to^yn^j'y^ n^^n Ti^" I nijn "^^K DSII ixDiyn nsJ ,^yjJX3-iN -<)) D''n'i nrx xpnyox tiQ jyoipya I y{i>ij;s!pny»x n Ti "iyn«; ,iy2y^ v^o m inyo iJx^nyti^Q f'^ tony^^yj f X lyisiiy: m "^ix .tyo'jy: iv lyiiy: ton^i^iy V2 Ti< v:i^V)) to'^^nQ « 1^0 tojsn lyo .^yopx nyi vi oynx lypj^^ p^o ryix^iya px ,oxn^5SD | nyn "n^x nsn nnp .njx^iiP Ps r^np Djjny^jyi nyn t^x to^xiayj I •••••••••••"•••••• ■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .poy^^ cnnnx P5SS r's IS ! t:ayn2j;:i i^d iisd -lyi y:ir.:'» -Lssn'o ! "inyD 12^: ma t2:ypv:i TV^i^ynp i^s* nsn ,tyinyit2 ps irn:i2s cyi p« inynD s iw ;TiV ny-f fi>i« :!j;ii i^n D^p^^^^ys D«n . _ iV^fiDVip ps cirti^yn n i^n r^yip n "is: ! ntaiyTi n ins in ^^2 oy Dsn D^*n ,nb* ty^yn i:; in Dsn d^d "d "s yijy^y ns ,t:''3 zsn i^n* ;iy2v'7 ^vr2s*ii ,iy?::v-is* cyi ps cnN _ iy'7^M cy-[ ,t:^s: cyi ,i^^ ^b'n dst ,t:'Dj cyi ! ^yiy:! cn^s* in ivp -i\s ,ij;'?''ip n ,T;:nyn n ,ivp:yn n jynip •'n ^y^«T ,1^; nnDtt* « ta^D pyiDir i^«_fypjTit:iyD r;t3'i'72 ts^o ! ly^yptsiS' ^n T7bM cyi ,yr^-i n '^s* rns' t3i'72 p ^ d i^is ^yD^'7s ^«t cynsm ps* ! ^y!2b*n:i ^yDsnt:tr ps •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -89 "••^•••••••.a; •••••••••••••■•"•■••• n^n nyn tD^o ojytDfcjn :j}<;'L3-i5>*t3}5n ns jyny;! t\s ^nsx iytD-23 nyi IV iynfc?iiy:! DD^pnya lyj^n /ns -^ .^ nyn'n:^' Dyjymi^ot^nys lytjix na n 1HD ^y^vysD tynjjnya w^Vi t^n n^y:i n nx ,to^'v nns^^ lytoti^ny pn to^KT ^n tyiny?D-iyD yD^yii ,iv-\i'P yrjj^o^^i nx n^oin^ yti'nnx yjjv jji^OiSTiya yonn: n tons-yj i^o lynj^n ijynx lyi^yr nyn .i^^ lyny .tJ'N Di^ti' 113 y-iny px tDNJ^Nii PN £:.-iyvj{!?p n^Jin « lyuiay^toKto^i' DJ^n titi^n lyD-ll oyn .yto^oijp nyn^yr nyn ^u t^yo^N'tDti^jNnyQ ,'?r\\^ tontao lynfcjn vrD jfc?to-iyDi^n nyn tynjisyjtaiitD:^-' t\s \)m'] iyt3-25 oy^ — tDpjyLj^yj niN mn ivjsj yny^^ n Disn njnn yjnyt^ n to^-uyjonx yny' .nunip nnn^o n inq v^^^n jyaNtJ^ iv din — ty^oi^n yj^t^sn n 3«o Dyn pN .ti^aj ly^ny^jin n inq tomn lyo^n n toj^^o i^jti^^^jn^jp ■yi ly^n ryrniyjomN iy-iym m^toji^j^n yD^^iy^^-iyjix yiynix lynijn tyom; N ;isto Dyn t3:DNoyj tynj^n pn d'^iin lyn ind jjnyj^D'^j j^j^sny ,i'nnn ,DJstJ''^^fc?t3Dj'N y^y^a ^n n^y:i D^yoNTy:; n^o tyn^^n ^'in -j^nnnya lyoipyjjyoxn:*' -qn lyj^n lyn^x ijsj ixii px ,Dy>tDnN3 ,mjinn ,npnv PQ t^^i^fi yj'^^^n ^y^n in t^jnj^onyn ^n i^^d tynjjn lyj n ^'n .t:.^''mN yiyiitj' pn yo^n^ i»d -q^J Dnyto:^' yto^o^^p lyrjus i^» ly^yii iy:njy ryt^D^yjc^QN ^n t^yn non^jo n lyn lyjji^jnyn v\:iDi}2 -anx pN yjy:]};?imv D5§t lyDxaiv rJNj rynNJsnx yrtoD^i n lynjjn 'qijj .ytjiytoc'i^^ D5JT lyJ'yDti' -toiiSQ nytD^'ii n^iN ly^yn y^D^yti'tD pa jyins n tn dtint tyD^n n^o ioyii ^^^1 ni :jx^ nm y^^^p^^jjiN n w^'pvn pn d^^i^n ny^n tyvyr -'na pn 'lyjyo y^N n lypJNnyn iv tD'^njyjy^y: n toonyj yo^^jjp n Dsn v\i^ PN tD^^mN ny^ynjjj lyn px lya^^nyjo^^ tjin tynjjn y^^yn \v — .90 — .:sjNt:)jn ly-y^ ,inyT in'^x \:i:vP y"iy:iyp rx lus lyoxu*^* yo;''j^^xiyD n -ronx njyn n px Dpn u^Dyn nx oayix n ?i'ix oycnyn n^o ^x>n5<:3 iJsn:^ IV ly-^x lyiy ns lyiyisa lynynji^T ,iyt:)y2 t^^j nvv^n n px inyj .lyinn yDi:^p^>j3ix y^'^n iv od^>3 pn yjynyjy;iy3\s ,yo^yoD^"':yn ,yTix~in n tD{<; ,d-|idj"i^5$ii yjjv n n«; iy:yn^x lyi Pinx "nra-Dp^j^D yoDiy^ist^a n lynjjnyj n'i'y t^x -ijy:!^ IV lynjjn lyDys::' oyn ^j-uyiiyn !q^''n-Dp^«2 nyi iis yoD'-t^^y; n .dx;i n PD o''2-iX ny- pd jnjynyi jjnyaa^Dnx pd lyuixn ly^nyviyi I'-x fcjT t^x ,DiyD::' yny-jx px pis^-rj pa ^ys-j'^^n nvi :njyj^{^D ■lyD PD nyiy3J«;p x tyifcjny: lyamya 1915 nyn^apj^' px ,yD^yt^'o yo^yti't:) n lyijjny;! oyijn^y; rns'D px tyj^^^vxr^jxjnx y^^'nns ii^viv^i^ nn iv T^in x lynn^jxnx lyoijyj -n^^^j iy2{^n '-n .yn'-ot^p s^y^yi D^ys^s ^y^3x ayn finx lyany^sx '^n lynxn lyniD p,x iv:vr:i y:Jv ^y^s .it^t^^py^^jp nron^D n ixa n^y; lyn-'^^p inyj iv jxojn ,:tjtD-ynn lyn tony^Bj^yj px •D^mx iy>n PD iyo>xny:Bx w: ^n njjn lyjyi -iyn« o^yp p\p .yuyrii^ ixn Diynj^'npnyn n px nna :x£3jn iyny ^n lyoip lytDxi^j^o yno m n '^^ix ^11 tyDXT yPD^j n ^n D^''^'^n"lyD nyti^rnyjyo topn^on nyn .Dinx lyi'ti'-ixa px ,iypy"i lyDixi ••n dj^ti lyontoD lyonyj^n tyn^x ly'o^yc'n n tx ,typiyox2 iv Diyii mx tns oy DDX TT iy:«;^py3 lyiynjiji ,T'^-i:'nD nxj o:^•'J dt'dji^S'ii n iv "^n -^xn ^n ty^^yii nyonxiiP lynt? Q^n ly^n lyonyj to^j idjdp lyo nnxii iv lyp^t:^ lyD tD^nyaixD d-i^dji^jsii px ^y;ij^o ^"in lyn ,£3'n:yjiv lyo -Vi:i^'\'^ ty^i'n lyi^x yoDinyo •^>^njn: "<]) np^iiyn djjt ♦jyDpy^jjp 'n ,-\vi:v'? D:ynp n px yD^^p''^:jix n lya^yn iv od''^d nyi to^o iy;ijm t5«;n ,DnyDt^ yiynjx px ••■n vd^v^^ Px yD^JD«;p ^ly^yn D^ys^B n -y^B n^nayj^JjB DJjn px i«;{^py^«;p rnn iv rnn nyi £d^d my^ijyn o'-j T'T rty^jiDnyjiyojix y^ px :irt:)^tD-DDxo X DT'ti^TJxnx i^fD \V2i}r] iV2^vm^ iyn-14 nyn .lyoxyno d'jxtixj n lyB^yn iv jso-iyr-x D'jjjD^m ojyinyiB nxijx'- iyD-27 nyn T''X :^«;Biy nyiyn j^jjBiy lyoMi: x nxnyj i^d iy2{$n -nu^np non^o PB VD^V'C^^ px jji jjiJ^j^^xnyB n ■^nn iyi«;iiyj i^^jyo it^j T-^pn^'n ?iy>yi nxn K'^xiti'n y^D^ycD n" lysD^sj cyi nyojix oyo^cj^p ^m y^x .tyjDXPV nyto^ni nnx lyo^^mx t^yn nt^n "n^x yB^yii px /'v\:i'mi^ px ,^^5$n njjoix px 'p^ai x cxny;i i^o lynjjn ti'Dixo iyn-28 Dyn nvy^ Djy^^ -lyB^yn ,^u ^xnsoy^ x lyny^y^omx ld^^v ly^^yr lyi px n^"'2ix v'?V2\i: n PB :ijipj^n:)x ix \i!2'^'?iiv^ Wi) -ly^^yn px ,'^^^x ixb .yo^ytyt:. px i{<;ntDyj tonyn D^n — 91 — ..(..(..(..•■.•■.•■.•..•..•ll«.l«..*..«..«..»..»<. ,iy?Dipy3nj$D tyrn iy£:{$ntDDNt3i

?p ^niv nyt^onpy r^x lyQny^DmN to^n v'xntDjyo" n n^ .y3''n n lyti'^Ti:^ DjycDinyo to-'^niN* v:^'?V)'\ /'ytD^D^jp -i^nt^iK n lyi^'^ii^ t^'^prtoynta nn"'i< in tDnn^Q y^^yn /"yto'-D^^p fiyi^y-i yoN'o ytD^nn n ,mjmp n^^n^a n ^nq i^y:! lyQN'i^' iv lyn^x y:i'''Dpfc!;T .iy?D"ijy:i ^•'^ntDJx v^p t^^mx nyn r« tojjn n n« .to'^n pns no n»n^o n \v)) nyn^ to^^v nyt^^y^ lyi n^^a Dy^^^DND ytj^n^x n na ton^ny^pyiix lynijn nyto^niv lyn na jy^Jiii^^jQnya ,iyn''in yiyn i?'''Dn n^' ty:iyD-iya nyn /Hdj-iq ny^n ,iyinyjny viv^^ tivK ,y''v^^w nx ty^''i3 ,Na'^ r^N p^sD lyti'n^N na ^^''nn ytDoyi: n ni< tin t3By^tj> ,ty;i«?c'-iy"i n^' toDx^Dt^'-iyD ,tDypis!j ,yDDNo y:nyjjin yoni; tn tyiyn nn^^p iyn'iny:ij« tDti'-iy to«n ,iy:iy"ii ytoo^inya n iyn\x diin -fx pn IV mn i''n jy^njjv ^«t ny ,p ^ «; q i y v j fc? j na "^^ tonynj^is oy rx ryaiij'ny:iJ''nN t^t^iy jdij^t tyjin yD^yii ,ti'i>^2 n>< toi^n ly:! .inyryj ^$<;?dn to^in to^yn n dsti aniD^ na n:-^m tytooyi: nyn nynysjsp >>* tyi^jiiy:! lyDmys p-i«;''-rj rx pn 1915 t^m^nN px -y;i t^n oy m .ii.t.x oyti'ns*^ ,iyjj5'VNT^jx3i{ij ,iy^^t3niS3 v:iViv^^']VQ no -''^D yjyiyK'ys ns Iyt^'Jyo /'yto''»jjp ny^^yi D^ys'-s" n lyi^iiyi t^ynjn: :pjj — 92 — ■•"••••■•••••••••••••••••••••• ..•..•^•••••^••••••••••••••••^••••••> .Vt3^D«p ?iy^^j;i "i«iT '^^«iti*n ya'pyir^tD .yti^Dsp n^tDVpyrpv .yaa^^' .^ jnynjytfcji .n* .^isn^jyij^n .n .-nn .y .diq .lyr'tD .n .Dio .ys^«n J .010 .INoiytoD .D .ma .INOiyOD .N .ny^^^o .D .nyi^^jc' .s .tj'o^n .n ."I .'^y^■^J^?D .o .-ijjDpyn .D .^yt .0 .15SDON13X .i< .Dmp .» .nyOD^-iO .K .nyjjn .d .orpjyn .D .yT-^na .?:> jnynoi^n .2 ."n^nDDy .n ny^'nyt .0 .r>nyn .n ,iyt:.^ND .'' .0 jny^r^D ."• .imy^ .^ .lyj^^to .n .lysip .n .px3i>p .n .N jiynjyT^ns .d .UNO .p .N .lyn^p .n .DJUkSi ^'oy .lyp^jjDD .^ .lynijp .n .^yax^ .N- .pijDN'^T .•» .nt3''DD .B .n ■.«..»«••••«••.•..•"••.•••••••"•"•"•"•••••■•■•••• — 93 — .yt2''?2b'P ^V^^y"> ^'^xvd'n i^pnyah* .nNtoyipyD ,t:."'^y^nT\s / ,s mn « ♦nxt^yipyo jni^^pyi ^ny^iJND ,d \ .nxtoynpyo irtorpyrpy ,Dipn^*n ,o I .yto^wiwy^^P pin| .j^,,,^^, .^^ I n T'T iy3«n nijnnp n^on^jo n is*d n^yj lyaisit^' iv c^uin nyn px I tyD-27 ny-i t^rj^nsnya yoi^yti'n tk i^i tyytDioijp yDjnj^^iynjynns ^m — 94 — •..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..•..e»*»c>*M«..«..f*"»"»»»"*"*"*"9"*»*"*"»»»»*"e"«"*»*«*»»»*»*"*»*»*"*"«"*"*"*"*"*"*"a"*"«"*"*"*; D'^xnrs* t:)iyn^'': .x .o .m yo^yti't:) px to^m.s DQ^^n n .92 PDy^ nmnx (xoysjs) p?i^d p''o iv .89 .x»n nyti'ion nyn px i^^Dnyna tDxtoisyn lyt^n^N nyn pd ynyn n .88 n^^yxnins .3 xnin^ mn lyDO'^c yiyrjix .82 rt^ni^rnxi tn^n i\s» mn nmn ^^iiv .80 .p^tati'ay-piiy^ .n .x nynjy^ n?Dn^o n px inyryj nt^n "qnx dh)) .79 ti'N' Di^ti> m lyD^^ii lyn .76 :nD ,^ (Dyijs) mjom n}$n .72 — 95 — ••■•••• • B^'318 D'2?n SBn^s T i 1 • • ' < < I \ ! - j 1 1 ( 1 : : ■ ! ; ; \ I 1 1 > ' • . ? Bya^DNp d's'?m IJ;iD^J^""^<'^J;£ i-'oSyiriD i nuanp ncn^o jB"T'(f n nsB t 1 9 1 6 ,■> b 1"' ? : * • LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 006 383 237 6 ^ ^V!i3-^^ D'D'?^"^ v^^T^ n n^nh^ n p^^