.... /v™ * 9 *^k> > •- *>>. *-*0* fX ^ .' >y \/ " **T7^ A o Dr. Wilhelm Bernmrdfs German Series. Published by CARL SCHOENHOF, BOSTON. $eutfd)c$ <&pvad)= unto Scfcbiid). Vol. I. (30th and Revised Edition) Sr.2? Vol. II. . * lm2 \ 2>eutfd)c$ fiefebud) fur ajtitrdflaffctt. Without Vocabulary 0.75 With Vocabulary 1.25 German-English Vocabulary to both Vols, of the ©prad)= unb fiefebud) and to Ton tidier I'ofebud) fur aiitttelflaffen 0.75 3m Rxoiclidyt, with Notes and Vocabulary, Vols. I., II., each 0.75 $cutf dn* fi»tfcraturgefd)id)te, with Notes indicating further lines of research 0.75 <$$ roar cinmal. Easy Stories for Beginners, with Notes and Vocabulary 0.75 oc((unb SctbooM. Short stories with Notes . 0.75 ©uftao 3lboIf(n $eutfd)(anb (illust.). From Schiller's History of the Thirty Years' War, with Notes 0.50 !$a3 3Rat*dictt ©on Srcppi, and barton. Two novel- ettes by Paul Heyse. School Edition, with Notes. 0.30 Published by D. C. HEATH & CO., BOSTON. 9loveitetten=®ibliotf)ef. Second-Year Readings, Vols. I., II., each £0.60 Sheobor Storm'S 3 mmenfee, with Notes and Vo- cabulary. Paper 30 cts.; cloth .... 0.50 $aul i)ct)fe'§ i"3lrrabbiata, with Notes and Vo- cabulary 0.25 $an§ ©. .briber fen' § Sitoerbud) obne Sitter. Illustrated Edition with Notes and Vocabulary. Paper 30 ; cloth 0.50 ©oetbc'a SDfcetfterrocrFc 1.50 Untcr ban (Styvifibaum. Five Christmas-stories with Notes 0.60 SCHILLER. ®uftob »Mf in S)eutfd)toti> 1630-1632 SCHILLER'S HISTORY OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR — Jllustratefc — WITH NOTES BY WILHELM BERNHARDT, PH.D. (lips.) Director of German Instruction in the High Schools of Washington City. CARL SCHOENHOF, 23 SCHOOL STREET 1894 A* $ s 3 Copyright by Carl Schoenhof, 1894. Press of Carl H. Heintzemann, Boston. Mass. PREFACE. In i 789, Schiller, who was then in his thirtieth year, was appointed Professor of History at Jena, a university-town of Thuringia, only a few miles distant from Weimar. The duties of his new office required the poet to devote himself with double zeal to the study of History, a subject in which he had already won distinction by his " History of the Re- volt of the United Netherlands" published in 1788. His second great historical work, " The History of the Thirty Years' War,' 1 which appeared in 1791, is — as Thomas Carlyle says — still the best historical performance which Germany can boast of and by which Schiller rose to a level with Hume, Robertson and Gibbon. The time of that fearful religious struggle, so rich in picturesque events and gigantic personages, is painted most graphically : The characterizations of Gustavus Adolphus and Wallenstein show a scholarly refinement joined to a happy psychological divination. Brilliant are the descrip- tions of battles and great catastrophes : The Destruction of Magdeburg — The Passage of the Lech — The Battles IV PREFACE. of Breitenfeld and Lutzen — figure in our recollection, as if our eyes had witnessed them, and the Death of Gustavus Adolphus is described in terms which might draw ' iron tears ' from the eyes of veterans. But in writing his great historical masterwork, Schiller had a much higher aim than to call forth our emotions, sympathetic or romantic. His main object was to present a general picture of the events, and to connect with it his critical and comprehensive view of that epoch, more espe- cially of the condition of the people who carried on the war. Something most remarkable in German Literature is Schiller's prose style, which being more of an impassioned kind, exercises an irresistible charm upon the young, whilst that of Goethe is purely artistic, and can only be fully ap- preciated and enjoyed after a closer acquaintance with the language. Although for these reasons Schiller's "History of the Thirty Years' War" is pre-eminently fitted for use in school and college, yet it has seldom, if ever, found its way into the school-room on account of its length. To remove this difficulty, the Editor of the present edition has selected for publication that part of the work which beyond doubt is the most attractive and most generally interesting, viz., the account of the events of the years 1630-32, commonly called the " Swedish Period " of the Thirty Years' War, PREFACE. V a time made heroic by the presence of Gustavus Adolphus, after whose death, in 1632, the war degenerated into a scene of the wildest barbarism, by which Germany was reduced to a wilderness and flung back at least a century in the march of civilization. Attention is called to the fact that in this edition — as in Schiller's work — the dates are given according to the Old Style ; ten days must be added to bring them in accordance with the New (or Gregorian) Calendar. Of books used or referred to in the Notes may be named : Samuel R. Gardiner, " The Thirty Years' War" A. J. W. Morrison, "Schiller's History of the Thirty Years" War:" B. Chapman, " History of 'the Thirty Years" War." W. Harte, " History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus" Anton Gindely, " The Thirty Years" War."" Bayard Taylor, «« History of Germany."" Thomas Carlyle, " The Life of Friedrich Schiller" C. A. Buchheim, „$eutfd)e $rofa." Vol. I. WILHELM BERNHARDT. Washington, D.C., Easter, 1894. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, KING OF SWEDEN. (Portrait by Van Dyck.) LIFE AND CHARACTER OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. Gustavus II. Adolphus (1594-1632), who had succeed- ed his father to the throne of Sweden in 161 1, at the age of seventeen, was already distinguished as a military com- mander before he started upon his famous expedition to Germany in the summer of 1630 : He had defeated the Russians in Livonia and banished them from the Baltic ; he had fought for three years with King Sigismund of Poland and taken from him the ports of Elbing, Pillau and Memel ; he was now burning with zeal to defend the falling Protestant cause in Germany. Cardinal Richelieu, in France, helped him to the opportunity by persuading the king of Poland to accept an armistice, in 1629, and by furnishing Sweden with the means of carrying on a war against Em- peror Ferdinand II. The latter had assisted Poland, so that a pretext was not wanting ; but when Gustavus Adolphus laid his plans before his council in Stockholm, a majority of the members advised him to wait for a new cause of offence. Nevertheless, he insisted on immediate action. Gustavus Adolphus was at this time 36 years of age ; he was so tall and powerfully built that he almost seemed a giant ; his face was remarkably frank and cheerful in expression, his hair light, his eyes large and gray and his nose aquiline. Personally, he was a striking contrast to the little, haggard and wrinkled Tilly and the dark, silent and gloomy Wallen- stein. vii Viii OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. He was no less a statesman than a soldier, and his accomplishments were unusual in a ruler of those days : He was a generous patron of the arts and sciences, spoke four languages with ease and elegance, was learned in the- ology, a ready orator and — best of all — he was honest, devout and conscientious in all his ways. Possessed of a high and brilliant imagination, and of a temperament rest- less and indefatigable, to which inaction was the sorest of trials, he was never happier than when he was infusing his own glowing spirit into the comrades of some perilous enterprise. The best blood of the ancient Goths, from whom he was descended, beat in his veins ; the Germans, therefore, could not look upon him as a foreigner ; to them he was a country- man as well as a deliverer. Added to this, he was bound to Germany by ties of kinship, both his mother, Christina of Holstein, and his wife, Marie Eleonore of Brandenburg, having been German princesses. As to the real motives which prompted Gustavus Adolphus to set out for Germany, it must be said, that, as with Emperor Ferdinand and Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, the love of law and orderly government was indissolubly blended with the desire to propagate their Catholic faith, so it was with Gustavus Adolphus : To extend the power of Sweden; to support the princes of Germany against the Emperor's encroachments ; to give a firm and unassailable standing ground to German Protestantism, were all to him parts of one great work, scarcely even in thought to be separated from one another. (Suftat? 21fcolf in 2)eutfd?lan5. (i) <5uftat> 2lbolf in £>eutfd?ianb- Won ber ^ciajStocrjammlung, 1 in Storffjolm (Wlax 1630) Big jur Occupation spommcrnl (Wax% 1631). — ©uftato 2lboIf foar o^nc SBiberfprucfy ber crfte gelbberr feineg 3afyr= fyunberts unb ber tapferfte ©olbat in feinem §eere, ba£ er ftd& felbft crft geftf>affen 2 t)atte. 3JKt ber Saftif ber ©riecben 5 unb Corner bertraut, batte er eine beffere $ricg§funft 3 er= funben, \vdd)c ben groj$ten gelbfyerren ber folgenben ^eiten gum 9Jlufter biente. ^Die unbefyilfticben grofeen @3fabron§ 4 fcerringerte er, urn bie Seroegungen ber ^eiterci leister unb f timelier ju macfyen ; ju eben 5 bcm Qtotdz riicfte er bie 33ataitlone 10 in roeitere Gntfernungen au§> einanber. @r fteHte feine 2trmee, roelcfye gemolmlid; nur eine ein^ige Sinie einnabm, in einer geboppelten Sthte in 3cr)lacbtorbmmg, baft bie gmeite anriicfen fonnte, menu bie erfte gum SBeicfyen gebracfyt roar. £>en Mangel an 9teiterei rouftte er baburd) gu erfetjen, baft er 15 guftganger 6 groif d>en bie belter fteHte, roelcfyeg 7 fe^r oft ben ©ieg entfcbieb; bie SStcfyttgfeit be§ guftbolfS in ©d>lad)ten Iernte (Suropa erft toon xljm. ©an§ ®eutfd>lanb l)at bie ^ann^urf)t berounbert, burd) roelcbe ficb bie fd)roebifd)en §eere auf beutfcbem SBoben in ben erften geiten fo riibmlicb 20 unterfdjneben. Side 2lu§fd)roeifungen 8 rourben auf§ ftrengfte (3) 4 ©uftat>2lbolfin2)eiitfd)tanb. geafmbet/ am ftrengften ©otteglafterung, 9taub, Spiel unb Quelle. 3 n ^ en fcfyroebifcfyen $rieg§gefet$en rourbe bie 9Jiafjig= feit befofylen; and) erbticfte mart in bem fdjroebifdben Sager, ba§ Gkjelt 2 be§ $onig§ nicfyt auggenommen, roeber ©iiber 5 nod) ©olb. £a§ Singe be£ gelbfyerrn roadbte mit eben 3 ber ©orgfalt iiber bie t I)alten. 3 n affect biefem 10 roar ber ©efetjgeber gugleid; 9Jiufter. 6ine ungefimftclte 5 lebenbige ©otte§furcf;t erfyor/te ben ^ut, ber fein grof$e§ §erg ©ufiao siboifd befeelte. 6 2We§ Ungemaaj beg teeg§ ertrug ©grafter. er q\^ fc em ©eringften au§ bem §eere; mitten in bem fdjroarjeften 2>unfel ber Scbladjjt roar e§ lid)t 15 in feinem GJcifte; attgegenroartig mit feinem Slide, oergaft er ben Xob, ber ifyn umringte; ftetg fanb man it)n auf bem 2Sege ber furcfytbarften ©efat)r. (Seine naturltct)e §ergfyafttgs leit 7 iiej$ ibn nur aUju oft oergeffen, may er bem gelbfyerrn 8 fdmlbig mar, unb biefeg foniglicfye Seben enbigte ber STob 20 eine§ ©emeinen. 9 2lber einem folcfyen giifyrer folgte ber geige roie ber SJhtttge §um Sieg, unb feinem atle§ beleud)= tenben Slblerblid; entging leine §elbentfyat, bie fein SBcifpiel geroecft E?atte. £>er 9tubm it)re§ 33el)errfcf>er3 entgiinbete in ber Nation ein begeifternbeg 10 ©elbftgefitfyl ; ftolj auf biefen 25 $omg, gab ber Waiter in ginnlanb 11 unb ©otlanb freubig feine Slrmut 12 fyin, oerfyritjte 13 ber 6olbat freubig fein 33lut, ©uft a to 21 b olf in Seutf d)tanb. 5 unb ber fyofye (Scanning, 1 ben ber ©eift biefe§ einjigen Tlan- ne§ ber Nation gegeben, 2 iibcrlebte nocfy lange $z\t feinen ©cfydpfer. ©o toentg man iiber bie 9?ottoenbigfeit be§ &riege3 in groeifel 3 foar, fo fefyr roar man e3 iiber bie 2trt, roie er 4 5 gefiif>rt roerben follte. @in angretfenber 5 $rieg ftfuen felbfi 6 bem mutootfen dangler D^enftierna 7 311 geroagt, bie $rafte feinen gelbarmen unb geir»iffent)aften $onig§ §u ungleid) $u ben unermcf$ltd>en §ilf$mitteln eine§ £)efyoten, 8 ber mit ganj £)eutfcf)ianb roie mit feinem ©igentum ftfwltete. 5Diefe IO furcfytfamen 33ebenlUd;leiten be§ 5Rinifter§ rotberlegte bie roeiter fefyenbe ^lugfyeit be§ §elben. „@rroarten 9 roir ben geinb in ©cfyroeben," fagte ©uftao, „fo ift aEe3 oerloren, roenn eine ©cfylacbt oerloren ift; atteS ift geroonnen, roenn roir in 2)eutfd)lanb einen ontnn»» oiC Y I5 gliicfiicben 3lnfang madden. 2)a§ ^eer 10 ift »«fr»*ww«8» grojj unb fair fyahm in ©dfyroeben roeitlauftige $iiften §u beroacfyen. Gmtroifd;te n un§ bie feinblicfye glotte ober roiirbe 12 bie unfrige gefcfylagen, fo roare e3 bann umfonft, bie feinb= litf>e Sanbung ju oerbinbern. 2ln ber Grbaltung ©tralfunbg 13 =0 mu{$ un§ aHe§ liegen. 14 ©0 lange biefer §afen un3 offen ftefyt, roerben roir unfer 2lnfefyen auf ber Dftfee 15 bebaupten unb einen freien 33erfefyr mit 3)eutfa)tanb unterfyalten. Slber urn ©tralfunb gu befdjiitjen, biirfen rotr un§ nid)t in ©ct/roe= ben oerfriedjen, fonbem miiffen mit einer 2lrmee nad) ^>om= 2 5 mem 16 fyiniibergefyen. 9^ebet mir alfo nic^tS mefyr won einem 6 ©uflato2[botfiii2)eiitfd)ianb. SBerteibigung^friege, bur$ ben toir unfere t)errli$ften 33or= tetle t>erfd)erjen. 6d)ft>eben felbft barf leirte feinbftcfye Jaime fefyen; unb ioerben 1 toir in 2)eutfd)lanb befiegt, fo ift e§ aUbann notf) geit, @uern $lan ju befolgen." 5 33efd)Ioffen hmrbe alfo 2 ber Ubergang naa) 2)eutfa)lanb unb ber SIngriff be3 $aifer£. 3 £>ie guriiftungen nmrben auf3 lebfyaftefie betrieben, unb bie SSorfefyrungen, toddle GJuftat) traf, oerrieten nicfyt roeniger 33orfxd>t, al§ ber (Snt= fcfylujj $iilmfyeit unb ©rofje geigte. 23or aUem mar eg notig, io in einem fo mett entlegenen $riege elct)er §olIanb unb bie beutfdfyen §ofe be= reifte, madfyte feinem §erm oon feiten mefyrerer proteftantifdjen 20 giirften bie fd)meid)elbafteften §offmmgen, obgleicf) noa) feiner Mut unb SSerleugnung genug fyattz, ein formlirf)e3 23iinbni3 mit tfym eimugefyen. ®ie Stabte Siibecf 8 unb SidEjerung Sdjroetcnd nad) §amburg §eigten fia) bereitmiHig, ©elb oor= n li ftp it gufdnefjen unb an gafylungS ftatt fd?mebif$e3 9 25 $upfer anjunefymen. 2Iua^ an ben gurften oon 6ieben= biirgen 10 murben toertraute ^erfonen abgefdndt, biefen unoer- ©ujU&2tbolfin2)eutfd)(anb. 7 fo^nUd^en geinb Dfterreid;§ gegen ben Haifer in SBaffen jn brtngen. Unterbeffen nmrben in ben 9tfeberianben unb £)eutfd)lanb fa>ebifcf;e 9Berbungen eroffnet, bie ftegimenter tooU>fylig gemad>t, neue errirf>tet, ©#ffc tyerbeigefrf)afft, bie glotte ge= 5 tybrig au3geriiftet, SebenSmittet, IriegSbeburfniffe unb (Mb, fo Diet nur moglicr/, tyerbeigetrieben. £)rei£ig StriegSfdnffe toaren in lurjer 3«t 511m 2lu§taufen ferttg, eine Slrmee toon 15,000 Mann ftanb bereit, unb 200 XranSportfd&iffe toaren beftimmt, fie iiberjufe^en. ©ine gro^ere 3Jtacbt mottle Gtoftab 10 Slbolf nid)t narf) 2)eutfrf)lanb r/iniiberfiifyren, unb ber ltnter= tyatt berfelben fyatte 1 aua) bis jefet bie ^rdfte feineS Hbnig= reid)§ iiberftiegen. Slber fo Hem biefe 2Irmee toar, fo r>or= trefflid) ftar bie 2lu8toafyl feiner Xru^en in SMgjtylin, friegerifcfjem 3Jlut unb ©rfafyrung, bie einen feften Hern §u 15 einer grb^ern £rteg3marf)t abgeben 2 !onnte, tocnn er ben beutftf>en Soben erft erreitf>t unb ba3 ©lucf feinen erften 2ln= fang begiinftigt fyahcn toiirbe. Drmftierna, §ugleitf) ©enerai unb Handler, ftanb mit ettoa 10,000 SDtan in $reu£en, 3 biefe ^rooin^ gegen $olen §u oerteibigen. (Smige regulare 20 Sunken unb ein anfebnlid)e3 Hor^ 4 Sanbmilij 5 blieb in ©cfytoeben jurud, bamit ein bunbbriid^iger 6 9?arf)bar bei einem fa)netten Uberfatt ba§ Honigreid) nitf>t unOorbereitet fdnbe. ®abur$ ttar fur bie SSerteibigung be§ $eitf)§ geforgt. 25 Sfttd&t toeniger ©orgfalt betr>ie3 ©uftafc Slbolf bei Slnorbnung 8 ©ufta0 2tbolfin2)eutfd)tanb. ber innern ^Regierung. £ie S^egentfcfyaft murbe bem 9ReicB§= rat, 1 ba§ ginanjmefen bem SPfalggrafen gofyann £afimir, 2 bem Stt)mager be§ $5nig§, iiBertragen, feme ©emafylin, 3 fo jcirtlid) er fie UeBte, toon alien 9^egierung§geftt)aften entfernt, 5 benen t^re eingefcfjranften 4 fydt)iglctten nicfyt gemacBfen maren. ©leitt) einem ©terBenben Beftettte 5 er fein §au§. 2lm 20. 9Jiai 1630, natt)bem atte SSorfefyrungen gctroffen unb atfe§ §ur 2(B= fafjrt in 23ereitftf)aft mar, erfdnen ber &onig $u StocfBolm in ber ^eitt)3t>erfammhmg, 6 ben (Stanben 7 ein feierlicBe3 io SeBemofyl ju fagen. Gr nafym ^ter feine rnerjafyrige SocBter Gfyrtftina, 8 bie in ber SSiege fcBon 511 feiner 3ftod)folgcrm erflart mar, anf bie 2trme, geigte fie ben Stdnben aU ifyre funftige S3er;errfcr)erin, Iiefe iBr auf ben gall, baft er felBft nimmer mieberfefyrte, ben (Eib ber £reue emeuern unb baranf 15 bie 33erorbmmg aBIefen, mie e§ mafyrenb feiner 2tBmefenf)eit ober ber 9Jlinberjal)rigfeit feiner Xott)ter mit ber ^egentfcBaft be3 9teicr)§ gefyalten merben f elite.- 3n Sfyrcinen gerflofs bie gan^e SBerfammlung, nnb ber $omg felBft Braud)t£ 3&, um §u feiner 2lBfcf>ieb§rebe an bie @tanbe bie notige gaffung 20 ju err/alten. „9?itt)t IeicBtfinnigermeife/ 9 fing er an, „ftur&e id) mitt) sicDcrung unb eutt) in biefen neuen gefafyrboHen Urieg. ®*Sn««n. im ^ cin 3euge ift ber allmadrtige ©ott, bafc icr, jWctd)docrfamm s n ^ }t aug ^ergniigen fed)tc. £>er $aifer lung ju 25 stocffjoim. fyat mitt) in ber $erfon meiner ©efanbten 10 aufS graufamfte Beleibigt, er fyat meine getnbe 11 unterftii$t, er @ufta»2tbotftn2)eutfcf)lanb. 9 fcerfolgt meine greunbe unb SBruber, 1 tritt meine Religion in ben ©taub unb ftredt bie ©anb au§ mfy meiner ®rone. 2 3)ringenb flefyen un§ bie unterbriidten Stanbe S)eutfd)tanb§ urn §itfe, unb town e§ ©ott gcfattt, fo motten mir fie ifynen geben. 5 „3$ lenne bie ©efafyren, benen mein Seben auSgefe^t fein roirb. 9tfe fjahz ia) fie gemieben, unb fdfymerlid; roerbe i$ ifynen ganj entgefyen. 23i§ je$t §mar fyat mid; bie 3ttfmad)t iounberbar befyiitet; aber id; raerbe bod; enblidt) fterben in ber SSertetbigung meine§ 93aterlanbe§. 3d) iibergebe eucb 10 bem <5a>£ be§ §immel§. ©eib gerecfyt, feib geroiffenfyaft, toanbelt unftrafticf), fo roerben fair un§ in ber @tingfeit mieber begegnen. „2tn eudfy, meine ^eicfySrtite, 3 raenbe id) mid) guerft. ©ott erleud)te 4 eua; unb erfiitfe eud? mit SBetefyeit, meinem 2tbotfin2)ei!tfd)tanb. fcf>idfe ia; aufricfytige SSiinfdje gum §immel. 3$ f a 9* *uc$ aEen mein $artli$e§ Sebemofyl. ga; fage e§ rnetteicfyt auf emig." 3u (Slfgnaben, 1 mo bie glotte »or 2lnfer lag, erfolgte bie 5 @infd)iffung ber Xruppen; eine unjdfylige 9ftenge 33oIf$ mar berbeigeftromt, biefe§ ebenfo pracfytige ate ritfyrenbe Scfyaufyiel ju fefyen. £>ie §er^en ber 3"W^er maren fcon ben r>erfrf)iebenften (Empfinbungen bemegt, je nadjbem fie bet ber ©rofje be§ 2£ageftucf§ ober bet ber ©rofce be§ SKanneS 10 fcermetften. Unter ben fyofyen Dffigteren, melcfye bet biefem §eere fommanbierten, fyabzn fict) G5uftat> §om, 2 SRfyeingraf 3 Dtto Submig, §etnrta) 9Jlattbia§ Gkaf bon Xfyurn, 4 Drten= @infd)fffun 9 fccr &urg, Saubiffen, 5 banner, 6 STeufel, £ott, SB aRutfenfa^ gaifenberg, Initfjaufen unb an= 15 iu *«»""»««• fc ere me ^ r e j nen glanjenben 9?amen ermorben. £)ie gtotte, bon mtbrigen SBinben aufgefyalten, !onnte erft tm guniu^ 7 unter ©egel gefyen unb erreict)te am 24. biefe3 3)tonat§ bie ^nfcl S^uben 8 an ber $itfte »on ^ommern. ©uftato 2lboIf mar ber erfte, ber fyier an§ Sanb ftieg. ^m 20 Slngefia^t feine3 ©efoIgeS fniete er nieber auf £)eutftf)lanb3 @rbe unb banfte ber 2tHmad)t fur bie (Srfyaltung feiner SIrmee unb feiner glotte. 2Tuf ben Snfcln SBoHin 9 unb Ufebom fefcte «r feine £ruppen an§ Sanb ; bie faiferlicfyen SBefatwmgen *>er= liefjen fogleicfy bei feiner 2lnnaf>erung i^re Sa^an^en unb ent= 25 ftofyen. 9Jttt 23li£e3ftfmeUigfeit erfcfnen er toor (Stettin, 10 fid) biefe§ micfytigen ^piat$e3 gu berficr/ern, efye bie ^aiferlidjen 11 @uftctu Stbotf in ©eutfdjlanb. 11 ifym juijorfdmen. 33ogi3la XIV., §ergog toon ^ommern, ein fcfymacfyer unb alternber $rin§, mar 1 lange fcfyon ber -HAif^ fyanblungen miibe, toeld^e bie ^aiferlicfyen in feinem Sanbe au3geiibt fatten unb fortfufyren au§§uitben ; aber $u fraftloS, ifynen 2Biberftanb $u tfyun, fyatte er ficf> mit fttdent SWurren 5 unter bie tlbermacfyt gebeugt. 2)tc (Erfcfyeinurtg feineg betters, cmftatt feinen Tint 311 beleben, erfiittte if)n mit gurcfyt unb ^meifeln. So febr fein Sanb nocfy toon ben SSunben btutete, ioelcfye bie $aiferUcfyen ifym gefcfylagen, 2 fo menig lonnte biefer gitrft ficfy entfcfyliejsen, burd) offenbare 23egimftigung ber 10 ©cfymeben bie Slafyz be3 $aifer§ gegen ficfy ju reijen. ©uftao 2tbolf, unter ben ^anonen oon (Stettin gelagert, forberte biefe ©tabt auf, fcr)VDebifcr)e ©arnifon einjunefymen. SBogisIa er= fcfyien felbft in bem Sager be§ $onig3, ficfy biefe ©inquartierung §u oerbitten. ,,3$ fomme al§ greunb unb nicfyt ate geinb $u 15 Sbnen," antmortete ©uftato; „nia;t mit ^ommern, nitf)t mit bem £)eutfdj>en 3^eid^e, nur mit ben $einben beffelben fiifyre id) nacf) geenbigtem gelbjug oon mir juritcferfyalten. ©efyen ©ie 20 bie gufsftapfen ber faiferlid)en Xru^en in 3fyrem £anbe, fefyen ©ie bie ©puren ber meinigen in llfebom unb mafylen ©ie, ob ©ie ben £aifer ober mia? §um greunb fyaben tootfen. 28a§ ermarten ©ie, loenn ber Jtaifer ficfy %$m §auptftabt bemda> tigen foUte? 2Sirb er gndbiger bamit oerfafyren aU id)? 2 5 Dber moEen ©ie meinen ©tegen ©ren§en fetjen? £>ie ©a$e 12 @uftct0 2rbolfitt2)eutfcf)lanb. ift bringenb, faffcn <3ie einen (Sntfcfjtu^ unb notigen ©ie micfy nicfyt, mirffamere 5KitteI $u ergreifen." 3Me 2Bafyl mar ftfmterjlicfy fur ben §erjog toon ^pommern. §ier ber $onig toon ©djmeben mit einer furcfytbaren Slrmee t>or 5 ©ufiat) ?itoif ^n ^^oren feiner §auptftabt ; bort bie unau3= oor stetti,,. bletbUd^e SRad&e be§ £aifer§ unb ba§ f^recfen* t>oUe 23eifyiel fo tneler beutfcfyen gurften, melcfye al§ Dpfer biefer ^acfye im @Ienb fyerumtoanberten. 2)ie bringenbere ©e= fafyr beftimmte feinen @ntf$Iuj$. £>ie Sfyore toon Stettin 10 tourben bem $onige geoffnet, fd)tt>ebif(f>e £ruppen riicften ein, unb ben ^aiferlicfyen, bie fcfyon in ftarlen 1 5Kdrfcr)en fyerbei* eilten, murbe ber SSorfyrung 2 abgemonnen. orau§ gu begegnen ; aber bon ber Untoerfofynlicfyfeit biefe§ 2ftonartf>en uber^eugt, trat er mit feinem neuen Sdmt$erm in eine enge SSerbinbung, urn bura) 20 bie fcfymebifdje greunbfcfyaft ftcfy gegen bie Sfacfye D[terreid?§ in <5ia;erlj>eit gu fe|en. £)er $onig geroann burcfy biefe 2ttfian§ mit ^Sommern einen mia^tigen greunb auf beutfcfyem 23oben, ber ifym ben diMm becfte unb ben 3ufmmnenfyang mit Scfyme= ben offen fyielt. 25 ©uftato Slbolf glaubte ficfy gegen gerbinanb, 3 ber tt)n in ^Breujsen juerft feinblid) 4 angegriffen fyatte, ber Ijergebracfyten ©uftat)2Iboffin2)eutftf)tcttib. . 13 gormalitaten iiberfyoben 1 unb fing ofyne $rieg§erfldrung bie geinbfeligfeiten an. ©egen bie eurotodifa)en giirften rea)t= fertigte er fein Setragen in einem eigenen -Bfanifeft, in it>ela)em atte fa)on angefiifyrten ©riinbe, bie u)n jur (Ergreifung ber SSaffen bemogen, fyererjdfylt 2 murben. Unterbeffen fe^te er 5 feine ^rogreffen in ^ommern fort unb fafy mit jebem £age feine §eere fia) toermefyren. 23on ben £rutotoen, roela)e unter 9ttan3felb, 3 §er$og Gfyriftian 4 toon $raun= © U fiao siboifs fd)n>eig, bem ^onige toon Scmemarf 5 unb ^^ unter SSaEenftein 6 gefoa)ten, ftellten fia) Df= lenburg. io fijiere fort>or)I al§ ©olbaten fdwrenraeife bar/ unter feinen fiegreia)en gafynen 511 ftreiten. £)er (SinfaH be3 $onig§ toon 6a)roeben tourbe am !aifer= Iict)en 8 §ofe bei ioeitem nia)t ber 2Iufmerffamfeit getoiirbigt, roela)e er balb barauf §u toerbienen fa)ien. £)er ofterreia)iftt)e : 5 <2toI§, bura) ba§ bigfyerige 9 unerfybrte Gttiicf auf ben fyoa)ften ©itofel getrieben, far) mit ©eringfa)d£ung auf einen giirften fyerab, ber mit einer §anbtoo(I 3ftenfa)en a\& einem toeraa)teten •JBinfel @urotoen§ 10 fyertoorfam unb, mie man fid) einbilbete, feinen btS^er erlangten $rieg§rubm blofc ber Ungefa)icflia)feU 2 ° eine§ noa) fa)maa)ern u gcinbe§ toerbanfte. 2)ie fyerabfetjenbe 6a)ilberung, roela)e SBadenftein nia)t olme 2lbfia)t toon ber fa)mebifa)en 3CRaa)t entmorfen, 12 toermefyrte bie 6ia)er^eit be3 $aifer§ ; mie t)dtte er einen geinb aa)ten foUen, ben fein gelbs fyerr fid) getraute mit Sftuten 13 au$ £)eutfa)lanb §u toerjagen? 2 5 <5elbft bie reigenben gortfa)rttte ©uftato SlboIfS in ^ommern 14 ©uj*a&2tbolfin2>eutfdjlanb. lonnten biefe§ SBorurteil nicf)t gang befiegen, roela;em ber 6pott ber §oflinge ftetS neue Sftafyrung gab. 5Ran nannte ifyn in 2Bien nur bie „Stfmeemajeftat/ roeldpe bie $alte be§ 5Rorb§ 1 je£t gufammenfyalte, bie aber §ufet)enb§ fcfymelgen 5 roiirbe, je nafyer fie gegen Siiben riicfte. $te $urfiir[ten felbft, roelcfye in ^egen^burg 2 berfammelt roaren, roiirbigten feine 33or[teHimgen 3 feiner 2lufmerffamfeit unb fcerroeigerten ifym au§ blinber ©efa'Higfeit gegen gerbinanb fogar ben Xitel eine§ $onig§. SSafyrenb man in 9tegen3burg unb 2Bien fyotiete, io ging in $ommern unb SCRecflenburg ein fefter Drt naa) bem anbern an tyn berloren. uftao2Ibo!fin3)eutfcf)iaub. 15 $ie gcrftormtg 9WagbcImrg§ (10. 9M 1631).— 2)a§ reid>e (Srjbi^tum, 1 beffen §autotfitj bie ©tabt 9Jiagbeburg 2 toar, fyattin fcfyon feit geraumer 3eit etoangelifdje sjSringen au§ bem branbenburgifcfyen 3 §aufe befeffen, toelcfye i^re Religion barm einfiifyrten. (Sfyriftian SBilfyelm, ber Idjie Stbminiftrator, toar 5 burcfy feme SSerbinbung mit £)anemarf 4 in bie SRetcpad^t 5 toer= fallen, tooburd) ba§ S)omfatoiteI 6 ficr) betoogen fafy, urn nid)t bie 9^arf)e be§ $atfer§ gegen ba§ ©rjftift 7 gu rcigcn, tlm form= lid) f enter 2$urbe ^u entfetjen. 2ln feiner ftatt tooftulierte 8 e§ ben $rin§en Sofyann Stuguft, gtoetten ©ofyn be§ $urfiirften 9 10 toon ©ad)fen, ben aber ber $aifer toertoarf, nm feinem eigenen ©ofyne £eotoolb biefe3 ©r^bistum jujutoenben. 35er ^urfurft toon ©acfyfen Kej$ bariiber oI)nmad>tige ^lagen an bem faifers licben §ofe erfdjallen; dt)rxfitan 2BtIr)eIm toon Sranbenburg crgriff tfyatigere 9JtafjregeIn. £)er 3mmg,mtg, be§ 2}olf3 tmb 15 s ]ftagiftrat3 jn 9ftagbeburg tocrftcfyert unb toon fd;imarifd>en 10 §offmmgen ert)i^t r glanbte er fid> im ftanbe, aUc §inbemiffe §u befiegen, toelcfye ber 2Iu3ftoru$ be§ $atoitel3, n bie $onfur= ren^ mit §toei madjtigen 5Ritbetoerbern 12 unb ba§ s Jteftitution§5 ebilt 13 feiner 23ieberfyerftellung entgegenfe^ten. @r fyat eine 20 Sfteife nacfy 6a?toeben unb fucbte, ficr) burd) ba§ 33erftore$cn 16 ®uflato2CbolMn2>eiitfcf>ianb. einer h?idf>ttgen Siuerfion in 2)eutfcf)lanb ber Unterftiifcung ©uftatoS ju »erfi$ern. liefer £onig entliejj tyn ntcf)t ofme §offnung feineS nad)brutfli$en 6tfm£e§, fd^arfte ifym aber babei ein, mit $lugr)eit gu berfafyren. 5 £aum f)atte Gb/rifttan 2BtlfyeIm bie Sanbung feine§ 23e= f$u£er3 in ^ommern erfafyren, fo fd)lic§ er fid) mit §ilfe einer SBerfleibung in 9Jiagbeburg ein. Gr erfct)ien pl6§Hc§ in ber ^atSuerfammlung, 1 erinnerte ben 9Jiagiftrat an afle £)rang= fale, meltf)e ©tabt unb Sanb 2 feitbem toon ben faiferlicfyen Xrup= 10 pen erfabren, an bie berberb lichen 2{nfd)lage gerbinanbg, an bie ©efafyr ber efcangelifdjen $ircf)e. 9?ad> biefem ©ingange entbecfte er tfmen, bafj ber ^eityunft tt)rer Sefreiung erfcfnenen fei, 8 unb baj$ ibnen ©uftao Slbolf feine SlEiang unb alien 33ei= ftanb anbiete. 9ftagbeburg, eine ber mofylbabenbften 6tabte 15 £)eutfd)lanb§, genojj unter ber S^egierung feine3 9flagiftrat§ einer rebublifanifcben greibeit, mekbe feine 3Jtagbcburg 23iirger mit einer I)erotftf)en *Ritfmbeit be= unb ©ufiao 3lboIf. feelte. 3)at>on fatten fie bereitg gegen 2BalIenftein, ber, t>on 4 ifyrem ^eitfjtum angelotft, bie iiber= 20 triebenften gorberungen an fie matfjte, rut)mlicr)e ^roben abge= legt unb in einem mutigcn 9Siberftanbe 5 ifyre ^etf)te bebauptet. Sfyr ganged Gkbiet b/atte §mar bie jerftorenbe 3Sut f einer £nty= pen erfafyren, aber 5Ragbeburg felbft entging feiner S^arfjc. (S3 mar alfo bem 2lbmtmftrator nid;t fairer, ©emitter §u gemtn= 25 nen, benen bie erlittenen 9DliJ3lj)anblungen noa) in frifcfyem 2lnbenfen warcn. 3mif$en *> er ©tabt unb bem $onig Don ©uftato2lbotfin3)eutfd)tanb. 17 (Scfytoeben lam ein 23iinbni3 gu ftanbe, in n>eld)em 3ftagbeburg bem $6nig ungefnnberten ©ura^jug burd) ifyr ©ebiet unb tf>re £fyore unb bie 3SerbefreiE>ett x auf ifyrem ©runb unb 23oben toerftattete, unb bie ©egenberficberung 2 erfyielt, bei ifyrer 9teli= gion unb ifyren ^prftnlegien 3 auf§ getotffcnbaftefte gefdmttf 511 5 merben. ©ogleia) §og ber 2lbmimftrator $rieg§&olfer jufammen unb fing bie Jeinbfeligfeiten tooreilig an, efye ©uftato 2lboIf nafye genug mar, ibn ntit feiner 50Zact)t gu unterfti'tijen. G§ gliidte ifym, einige faiferltcfye $oxp$ in ber 9iacbbarfcbaft aufjufyeben/ 10 Heine ©roberungen §u macben unb fogar §alle 5 ju itber= rum^eln. 2(ber bie Slnniifyerung eine3 faiferltcr)en §eere§ notigte ibn balb. in atter ©ilfertigleit unb nid)t ofyne SBerluft ben ^tiidmeg nad) 9)iagbeburg ju nefymen. ©uftat) 2lboIf, ob= gleid) unjufrieben iiber biefe SSoreiligfeit, fcf)tdfte ifym in ber 15 ^3erfon £)ietrid)3 toon gallenberg einen erfafyrenen Officer, urn bie $rieg£operationen §u leiten unb bem Slbminiftrator mit feinem $iatz beijufteben. ®bzn biefen gallenberg ernannte ber 3Jiagi(trat §um ^ommanbanten ber ©tabt, fo lange biefer $rieg bauem miirbe. £)a§ §eer be3 $rin§en fat) fid) 6 toon -o %aa, 5U £ag burcfy ben gulauf au ^ Den benad)barten ©tdbten uergrojsert, erfyielt mefyrere SSorteile iiber bie faiferlicben Sftegi= menter, melcbe bagegen 7 gefdjidt tourben, unb fonnte mefyrere donate einen Keinen Sbrieg 8 mit toielem ©liide unterfyalten. (Enblid) nafyerte fid) ber ©raf toon ^appenfyeim 9 nad) be= 25 enbigtem 3uge gegen ben §erjog toon (5acfyfen=2auenburg 10 ber 18 ©uftoo2tboiftn2)eutfd)ianb. ©tabt, fcertrieb in furjer &\t bie £ruppen be§ 2lbminiftrator§ au§ affen umliegenben ©d)an§en, fyemmte baburcf) aKe ^om= munifation tnit ©adfyfen unb fd)icfte fid) ernftlt(f> an, bie ©tabt einjufcf)[ie^en. SBalb naa) tfym tarn ana) ^itlt), 1 forberte ben 5 Slbmimftrator in einem brobenben ©d)reiben auf, fid) bem 9teftitution§ebift 2 nicfyt Idnger §u nnberfe|en, ben Sefefylen be§ ®aifer§ ficfy £u unterroerfen unb 2ftagbeburg ju iibergeben. 5Dic 2lntft>ort beg ^rinjen roar lebfyaft unb fiifyn unb beftimmte ^^n faiferlicfyen gelbfyerrn, ifym ben ©rnft ber 2Saffen 311 geigen. 10 gnbeffen rourbe bie SBetagerung roegen ber gortfcfyritte be§ $5nig3 bon ©$roeben, bie ben faiferlidjen gelbfyerm toon ber ©tabt abriefen, eine 3 e ^^ an S fcerjogert, unb bie (Eiferfud)t ber in feiner Slbrocfenfyeit fommanbierenben ©enerate toerfcfyajfte 9Jlagbeburg nod) auf einige donate grift. 21m 30. Wax% 15 1631 erf a^ien enblid) Silty roieber, urn Don jetjt an bie 23e* (agerung mit Gifer §u betreiben. 5n furgcr 3^* roaren allc 2luj$enroerfe erobert, unb gallen= berg felbft fyattt bie 23efa|ungen, roeldje nid)t mefyr §u retten roaren, surudqexoqen unb bie Olbbrticfe 3 ab= XiUt) unb happen-- ° ° ° ° 20 neun oor roerfen laffen. ©a e§ an ^inldnglia^en Xru^en fer)Ite, bie roettlauftige 4 ^eftung ntit ben SSorftdbtcn §u berteibigen, fo rourben ana) bie SSors ftabte ©ubenburg 5 unb -fteuftabt 6 bem Jeinbe preiSgegeben, ber fie fogtei$ in 2lfcf>e legte. $appenfyeim trennte fid; toon Xxftty, 25 ging bei ©cfronebed 7 iiber bie (Elbe, urn toon ber anbern ©eite bie ©tabt anjugreifen. 0ujlal>abotfin2)eutfdjtanb. 19 £)ie SBefatjung, burcfy bie borfyergefyenben ©efecfyte in ben 2luftenmerfen gef$mad)t, belief fid) nidfyt iiber 2000 Mann gu^boII§ unb einige 100 S^eiterei, eine fefyr fdjmacfye Sln^afyl fur eine fo grofte unb no$ ba§u unregelmciftige Jeftung. 2)iefen Mangel $u erfe^en, bemaffnete man bie 23iirger ; ein 5 ber^meifelter 2lu§ft>cg, .ber groftern ©tfjaben anricfytete, al3 er toerfyiitete. £)ie Sitrger, an fid) felbft fcfyon febr mittelmaftige ©olbaten, ftiirgten burd) tJjre Uneinigfeit bie ©tabt in§ 33er= berben. £>em Srmern * ttyat e£ mefy, baft man ifym atfein aEe Saften auftoaljte, 2 ifyn allein aftem Ungemad), alien ©efabren 10 bloftfteUte, roafyrenb ber 9^etd>e feine £)ienerfd)aft fd)idte 3 unb ficr) in feinem §aufe giitlicfy 4 fyat. SDer Unmille brad? juleijt in ein allgemeine3 9Jiurren au§ ; ©leid>gultigfeit trat an bie ©telle be§ @ifer3, tlberbruft unb 3^adBlaffig!eit im SDienft an bie ©telle ber macfyfamen 33orfid?t. ®iefe Xrennung ber ©e= 15 muter, mit ber fteigenben 3lot berbunben, gab naa) unb nad) einer fleinmutigen ttberlegung Stem, baft mefyrcre fd)on an- fingen, iiber bie 23erroegenfyeit tfyreg Untcrnel>men§ aufgefdjredt 3u merben unb bor ber 2Wmad)t be3 £aifer§ wiaatebursi §u erbeben, gegen meldjen man im ©treite be= hmm 3«**"*«- 20 griffen fei. Slber ber S^eligionSfanatismu^, bie feurige Siebe ber greifyeit, ber unuberminbltcfye SBibermitlc gegen ben !aifer= lidjen 9?amen, bie mal)rfd)einlid)e §offnung eineS nafyen dnU fa£e3 5 entfernten jeben ©ebanfen an Ilbergabe, unb fo 6 fcr)r man in attem anbern getrennt fein mod)te, fo einig mar man, 25 ficfy fete auf§ aufterfte $u berteibigen. 20 ©ufla»3tbolfin2)eittf(f)lattb. 2>ie §offnung ber Selagerten, ftcfy entfe^t $u febert / toar auf bie fyodjfte Sffiafyrfcfyeinlitftfeit gegriinbet. 6ie toufjten urn bie Setoaffnung be§ Sei^iger 1 33unbe§, fie toufjten urn bie 2l'n= naberung ©uftao 2lboIf§ ; beiben mar bie ©rfyaltung 93iagbe= 5 burg§ gleicb micfytig, unb toenige £agemarf$e fonnten ben £onig toon ©ajioeben Dor it)re 9Kauern bringen. 2lHe§ biefe.S mar bem ©rafen £itfy nicfyt unbefannt, unb eben barum eilte er fo fefyr, fid), auf meld)e 2lrt e3 autf) fein mod;te, Oon 931agbe= burg 9tteifter 511 matfien. (Scfyon Ijatte er ber ilbergabe megen 2 10 einen STrompeter mit oerfdnebcnen Sdjreiben an ben 2lbmini= ftrator, 3 ^ommanbanten unb SKagiftrat abgefenbet, aber gur Slntmort erfyalten, baj$ man Iieber fterben aU ftcfy ergeben murbe. ©in Iebfyaftcr 2lu3faff ber Siirger jeigte ifym, ba^ ber 9Jlut ber 33elagerten nicfytS meniger aU erlaltet fei, unb bie 15 Sfafunft be§ $onig§ 4 $u $ot§bam, 5 bie ©treifereien ber ©cfymeben felbft bi§ oor 3^bft c mufjten ilm mit Unrufye foroie bie ©inmofyner 3ttagbeburg§ mit ben frofyeften §offnungen er= fuUen. ©in jmeiter Srompeter, ben er an fie abfd)icfte, unb ber gemajjtgtere %on feiner ©ajreibart beftarfte fie nod) mefyr 20 in ibrer 3 u t>erfid)t — aDer nur / um ft e m e * ne M* tiefere ©orglofigfeit $u ftii^en. ©ie Selagerer 7 maren unterbeffen mit ifyren 2fyprorf)en 8 bis an ben 6tabtgraben Oorgebrungen unb befdjoffen oon ben auf- gemorfenen SBatterieen auf§ fyeftigfte 2BaH unb £iirme. ©in 25 £urm murbe gan§ eingeftiirjt, aber ofyne ben SIngriff ju er= leidjtern, ba er nidjt in ben ©raben fiel, fonbern fid) fctttoarti @uftau2tboIftn3)eutfd){aitb. 21 an ben 9£atf anktynte. £)e§ anfyaltenben 23ombarbieren3 un= gead^tct 1 fyattt ber 2SaE mtyt bid gelitten, unb bie SBirfung ber geuerfugeln, meltye bie ©tabt in 33ranb fteden foHten, itmrbe burty bortrefflitye Gkgenanftalten 2 bereitelt. SIber ber ^ulberborrat ber SBelagerten mar balb §u 6nbe, unb ba3 5 ©efd;u$ ber S e f tun 9 ^rte naty unb naty auf, ben Selagerern ju antmorten. @f)e neueS s $ulber bercttet mar, nutate 9Hagbe= burg cntfefct fein, ober c§ mar berloren. ge$t gjf ag t cbut .g mar bie §offnung ber ©tabt auf§ t>ocr>fte ge= belascrt * ftiegen, unb mit fyeftiger ©efmfutyt atfe 23lide naty ber Gkgenb 10 t;ingefet)rt, toon meltyer bie fdt)ir>ebtfdt)en Jalmen mefyen fotlten. ©uftab Slbolf F)ielt ftty nctye genug auf, urn am britten Xage bor 9Jiagbeburg ju ftet)en. £)ie ©ityerfyeit fteigt 3 mit ber §off* nung, unb ade§ tragt baju bet, fie $u berftarfen. 2lm 9. 50iat fangt unermartet bie feinblitye 5tanonabe an §u ftymeigen, 15 bon mefyreren 23atterieen merben bie ©tiide 4 abgeptyrt. Xote (BtiHc im faiferlityen Sager. 2ltfe§ iiber$eugt bie Selagerten, bag tyre ^ettung nafye fei. 2)er grojjte Xeil ber 23urger= unb Solbatcnmatye berlajjt frity morgens feinen Soften auf bem 2Batt, urn enblity einmal naty langer Slrbeit beg ftijjen 20 <3tylafe§ fity $u erfreuen — aber ein teurer (Stylaf unb ein entfe|litye§ (Srmatyen! %\fy t)atte enblity ber §offmmg entfagt, auf bem bistyerigen 2Bege ber Setagerung fity nod) bor Slnfunft ber 6tymeben ber Stabt bemeiftern ju lonnen ; er beftylo{$ alfo, 5 fein Sager auf= 25 jufyeben ; 6 jubor aber noty einen (Seneralfturm 7 gu magen. £)ie 22 ©ufta&2tbotftn2)eutfdjtanb. ©cfyroierigfeiten maren grofj, ba feine Srefa^e 1 nocf) gefdjoffen imb bie geftunggmerfe laum beftfjdbigt maren. 2lber ber $rieg3rat, ben er oerfammelte, erlldrte fief) fur ben Sturm unb ftiifcte fid) babei auf ba§ 33eif^tel Don 9ftaaftrid>t, 2 mcld)e 5 ©tabt friif) morgenS, ba Siirger unb ©olbaten fid) jur S^ufye begeben, mit ftiirmenber §anb itbermdltigt roorben fei. 2ln t>ier Drten . gugleia) foftte ber Slngriff gefdjefyen, bie ganje 9^acr)t $mifd)en bem 9. unb 10. murbe mit ben notigen 2ln= soiagbeburg ftaltcn jugebracfyt. SltteS mar in S3erettfct)aft io s^wrmt. uni) crroar t e t e/ ber 2lbrebe gemdfj, fritfy urn 5 Ufyr bag 3^4> en m ti btn $anonen. 2)iefe3 erfolgte aber erft §roei Stunben fpdter, inbem Vilify, nod) immer ^meifelfyaft megen be§ ©rfolgg, nod) einmal ben $rieg3rat oerfammelte. ^]appen= fyeim murbe beorbert, auf bie 9?euftdbtif$en 3 28erfe ben 3tn= x 5 gnff §u tfyun, ein abt)dngiger 4 SBall unb ein troefner, nid)t aU$i tiefer (Sraben lamen ifym babei ju ftatten. 5 2)er grojite £eit ber SSiirger unb Solbaten fyattt bie SSdtte oerlaffen, unb bie menigen guriidgebliebenen feffelte ber ©d)laf. (So murbe e§ biefem ©eneral nid)t farmer, ber erfte 6 ben 2BaH gu er= 20 fteigen. galfenberg, 7 aufgefdjredt burd) ba3 $naften be3 ^JiuSfetens feuerg, eilte toon bem S^atfyaufe, mo er eben befa^dftigt mar, ben gmeiten Xrompeter be§ £iHt> abjufertigen, mit einer §u= fammengerafften 5Rannfa;aft naa; bem ^euftdbtifa^en £fyore, 25 ba§ ber geinb fd^on iibermaltigt r)atte. §ier $urudgefd)lagen, flog biefer tapfere ©eneral nacf) einer anbern 6eite, mo eine @ u ft a to 3U o I f i n 2> e u t j d) I a n b. 23 gtoeite fetnbltcbe ^artet fcfyon im 33egriff mar, bte SBerfe ju erfteigen. Umfonft ift 1 fein SBiberftanb ; fcbon gu 2(nfang be§ ©cfetyt§ ftrecfen bte feinblttyen $ugcln tyn ju 33obcn. 2)a3 bcfttge -JJhtSfetenfeuer, bag Sduten ber ©turmglocfen, ba§ uberfyanb nefymenbe ©etofe madjen enblid) ben ertoatyenben 5 SBi'trgern bte brofyenbe ©cfctyr befannt. (Silferttg merfen fie fid) in tyre $leiber, greifen gum ©emefyr, ftiirjen in blinber Setaubung bem getnb entgegen. 9tod) Wax §offnung tibrig, iF>n jurudjutreiben, aber ber ^ommanbant getotet, fein ^>Ian im 2mgriff, leine ^eiterei, in feme 2 bertotrrten ©lieber ein= 10 gubrecben, enblid) fein ^pulber mefyr, ba§ getter fortgufetjen. 3mei anbre £fyore, bi£ jetjt nocfy unangegriffen, 3 merben bon 3Serteibigem entblojjt, urn ber bringenbern 9iot in ber (Stabt 4 511 begegnen. ©dmelt benutjt ber geinb bie baburd) entftan= bene 33ermirrung, urn and) biefe ^often anjugreifen. 2)er 15 SSiberftanb ift lebfyaft unb fyartnacftg, bi3 enbltcr) bier faifer= lid;e Sftegimenter, be3 2Sal(c§ 9Jktfter, ben 9Jiagbeburgern in ben 3tttcfen fallen unb fo tyre 9ticberlage botfenben. ©in tapferer ^apitan, namenl ©tymibt, ber in biefer atfgemeinen 3}ermirrung bie ©ntfcfyloffenften nocfy einmal gegen ben Jeinb 20 fityrt unb gliicfUty genug ift, tyn bii an ba3 2t)ox §uritd= gutreiben, faUt toblict) bermunbet, 9ttagbeburg§ leijte Jpoffmmg mit tym. Side SSerfe finb noty bor -JJiittag erobert, bie Stabt in geinbeS §anben. 3n)ei £Imre merben jetjt bon ben ©tiirmenben ber 5 §aup't= 25 annee gecffnet, unb £iEfy Ictjjt cincn £eil feine§ gumboils 24 ©u ft a o 31 bo If in 2>eutf tfjlanb. einmarfd)ieren. Gss 1 befet$t fogleid) bie igauptftrajjen, unb ba§ aufgepflanjte 2 ©ef$it$ fd^eud^t atte Siirger in ihre 25>obnungen, bort ifyr ©dndfat gu ertoarten. 9iid)t lange fajjt man fie im 3weifel; ffizi 2Borte be§ (SJrafen £ilfy be* 5 ftimmtett ;Iftagbeburg$ ©efdnd. @in nur ettoa§ menfd)licbcr gelbfyerr roiirbe folcben £ruppen t>ergebtte, 4 e§ §u t>erfudj)en. £)urd) ba£ ©tittftoeigen feincS GkneralS gum §errn i'tber ba§ 2zhtn after 33iirger gemacbt, ftiirjte ber io Solbat in ba§ Snnere ber §aufer, urn nngebunben atte 23e= gierben einer ttiebifefyen ©eele 511 fi'tblen. 23or ei-.ibert mancfyem beutfd)cn Dfyre fanb bie flefycnbe Unfcfyulb Grbarmen, feine3 5 t>or bem tauben ©rimm ber SSallonen 6 au§ ^a^enbeim§ §eer. . $aum r)atte 15 biefc§ SBlutbab feinen 2tnfang genommen, aU atte iibrigen £fyore aufgingen/ bie ganje 9xeiterei nnb ber $roaten 8 fiircr)- terlie SBanben gegen bie ungliidlid)e Stabt loSgelaffen tourben. (Sine SBiirge^ene 9 fing jefct an, fiir roela^e bie ©efdncfyte 20 leine ©pracfie unb bie £td)tfunft feinen ^infel 10 fyal 9?id)t bie fcfyulbfreie ^inb^eit, nid)t ba§ fyilflofe Sitter, nid)t 3u= genb, nid)t ©efcfylecfyt, nid)t ©tanb, nid)t ©dpnfyeit lonnen bie 2But be§ ©iegerS enttoaffnen. grauen toerben in ben 3lrmen ifyrer banner, £o$ter 5U ben guften ifyrer $ater 25 mij#anbelt, unb ba§ mefyrlofe 11 ©efd)led>t F>at blof3 12 ba§ $orred)t, einer gebo^elten SSut gum Dpfer 13 ju bienen. ©uflat)3lbolfin35eutfcf)tanb. 25 $eme nod) fo 1 oerborgene, feine nod) fo gefyettigte St'dttt fonnte Dor ber alle3 burcfyforfdjenben §abfud)t ftcfyem. $)reis unbfunfgig grauen§perfonen 2 fanb man in einer $ird)e ents fyauptet. $roaten Oergni'tgten fid), $inber in bie glammen gu raerfen — $appenfyeim3 SBatfonen, Sduglingc an ben 5 Sruften it)rer -Stutter ^u ftriefjen. ©inige liguiftifcbe 3 DffU ^iere, »on biefem graufenOoEen 2lnblid emport, unterftanben 4 fid), ben ©rafen £itfy ^u erinnem, bajs er bem 23lutbab modjte (Sinfyalt tlnm laffen. „$ommt in einer ©tunbe roieber," war bte Stntmort, „id) roerbe bann fefyen, ma§ tdb 10 tfyun toerbe. S)er ©olbat mu{$ fiir feine (Sefafyr unb 2Xrbeit etroaS fyaben." gn ununterbrocfyener 2But bauerten biefe ©reuet fort, bi3 enblicfy diaufy unb glammen ber 9xaubfucbt ©rcnjen fetjten. Urn bie 33ermirrung §u oermebren unb ben SSiberftanb ber 33iirger $u brecben, fyatte man gtetd) anfang£ 15 an oerfcfyiebenen Drten geuer angelegt. 3e£t erfyob ftaj ein ©turmminb, ber bie Jlammen mit reifsenber ©djmelligfeit burd; bie gan^e ©tabt berbreitete unb ben SBranb allgemein mad)te. giircfyterlid) mar ba§ ©ebrange 5 burd) Qualm unb SeidBen, bura) gejudte 6 ©cfymerter, burd; ftiir^enbe Xriimmer, 20 burd) ba3 ftromenbe Slut. £)ie 2ltmofpfyare locate, unb bie unertraglidje ©lut §mang enbltd) felbft biefe 23iirger, fid) in ba3 Sager gu ftua^ten. 3 n toeniger al§ jmolf ©tunben lag biefe oolfretdje, fefte, grojje ©tabt, eine ber fd)5nften £)eutfdj>lanb§, in ber 2lfd;e, jmei ^ircfyen unb einige §iitten 25 au§genommen. 2)er 2lbminiftrator, (St)rifttau SStffyelm, rcarb 26 ©ujtab3lbolfiti3)ejttfd)taitb. mit brei Surgermeiftern rtadf* oielen empfangenen -JBunben gefangen; iriele latere Dffigiere unb 9Jiagiftrate fatten fecr)= ienb einen Beneibeten Sob gefunben. SSierfyunbert ber reicfr= ften SBiirger entrij? bie §abfu$t ber Dffijiere bcm Sob, urn 5 em teure3 Sofegelb oon ifynen §u erpreffen. Sftocty baju toaren e§ metftenS Dffigiere ber Sigue, 1 toetcfye biefe 9flenfd)Iia;feit geigten, unb bie Blinbe 9ttorbbegier 2 ber faiferlicfyen ©olbaten Kefj fie aU rettenbe Gnget betracfrten. $aum fyattz fid) bie 3But be3 33ranbe3 geminbert, al3 bie 10 laiferli(f)en ©cfyarert mit erneuertem §unger jurucffefyrten, urn unter ©orfrorf)en, fyerumirrenbe 4 $tnber, bie ntit fyer^erfcfyneibenbem <55efdt)rei tt)re ©Item fasten, ©duglinge, bie an ben Sriiften 20 ifyrer toten Stutter faugten ! 5[Ref)r aU 6000 Seicfyen mu^tc man in bie Gibe roerfen, urn bie ©affen gu rdumen; 5 eine ungleid) grofjere 9ftenge bon Sebenben unb Seicfyen fyatte ba$ geuer oer^efyrt; bie gauge 3 a ^ t> er ©etoteien roirb auf 30,000 angegeben. 25 £)er ©injug be§ ©enerat§, roelcfyer am 14. erfolgte, mad^te ber ^Slunberung ein @nbe, unb roa3 6 bi3 bafyin gerettet tear, ©uflab2Cbolfttt3)eutfd}Ianb. 27 blieb teben. ©egen 1000 3Dienfd)en tourben au$ ber 2)om= fircfye 1 gegogen, too fie brei Sage imb &toei lflw @f „ 5 „ g ^da^te in beftanbiger SobeSfurc^t unb ofyne iu ■*■•**«•• ■ftafyrung ^ugebradjt fatten. Sifify liejj ifynen ^arbon 2 an= fiinbigen unb 33rot unter fie oerteilen. £)en Sag barauf toarb 5 in biefer 2)omfira;e feierlitf;e SJleffe gcfyalten, unb unter 2lb= feuerung ber ^anonen ba§^e £>eum 3 angeftimmt. £)er faiferlttfje ©enerat burcfyritt bie ©trafcen, urn al§ 3lugenjeuge feinem §errn berict)ten gu fonnen, baf 3 feit £roja3 4 unb geru= falem§ 5 ^erftorung lein folder ©teg gefer)en toorben fei. Unb 10 in biefem Sorgeben toar ntct)t^ tlbertricbeneg, toenn man bie ©rof$e, ben SBofylftanb unb bie 2Bi$ttgfcit ber ©tabt, toelcbe unterging, mit ber 2But it)rer $erftorer jufammcnbenft. £)a§ ©eriitf)t bon 9Jiagbeburg§ graufenOoEem ©dntffal ocrbreitete grot)Ioc!en bur$ ba3 fatt)oIxfcr)e, (Sntfe&en unb 15 gurcfyt bur$ ba§ ganje iproteftantifdje ©eutfcfylanb. Slber ©tfjmer^ unb Untoitten flagten attgemein ben $onig Oon ©tf)toeben an, ber, fo nafye unb fo mcidfytig, biefe bunbe§oer= toanbte 6 ©tabt tyilfloS gelaffen batte. 3Cud& ber SBitligfte 7 fanb biefe Untfyatigfeit be§ $onig§ unerllarbar, unb ©uftao 20 2lboIf, urn nia^t untoieberbringlid; bie §er§en be§ 23olfe3 8 $u Oerlteren, §u beffen Sefreiung er erfcbienen toar, fat) fid; ge= 5toungen, in einer eigenen eutjrf>Ionb. $ie §d)fatf)t turn 95rcttcttfclb (7. (September 1631).— Sett bem Slutbabe £u 3flagbeburg ftoty Silfy ba§ ©Iiuf. 2)efto ummterbrocfyener begleitete e3 oon nun an ben $bnig ton Scbmeben. 2Sdbrenb er ju SSerben 1 im Sager ftanb, 5 tuurbe ba3 gan^e -Iftedlenburg 2 bi§ auf tocnige ^pldtje burd> fetnen ©eneral Xott unb ben §er§og 3 2lboIf grtebrid) erobert, unb er genoJ3 bie fdniglicfye Suft, beibe 4 §erjoge in il)re 6taa= ten mieber ein§ufe£en. (Sr reifie felbft nad) (Mftroto, 5 too bie ©infe^ung oor ftd) ging, urn burd) feine ©egenraart ben ©lanj io biefer §anblung gu erfyeben. 3Son beiben §erjogen tourbe, ifyren (Srretter in ber 9Jtitte unb ein gldnjenbe^ ©efolge oon g-itrften urn fid) fyer, ein feftlicfyer (Sin^ug gefyalten, hen bie Jyreube ber Untertfyanen £u bem riifyrenbften gefte mad)te. 53alb nad; feiner 3uriicffunft nad> 2Berben erfdnen ber £anb= 15 graf 6 Oon §effen=$affel in feincm Sager, urn ein engeS 25imb= s&ixntnis jn)tfd)cn ni3 auf 33erteibigung unb 3lngriff mit ifym irfijfi, 5u fd^en; ber crfte regierenbe giirft in unfc scDroebcu. ©eutfcfylanb, ber fitt) Oon freien ©tiiden 7 unb b'ffentlid) gegen ben $aifer erflarte, aber aud) bur$ bie 20 triftigften ©riinbe baju aufgeforbert toar. Sanbgraf 2Silr)eIm mad)te fid) oerbinblid), ben geinben be3 $onig§ aU feinen ©uftao s #bolf in 2)eutf djtanb. 29 eigenen * §u begegnen, ifym feine 6tdbte unb fein ganje§ Sanb aufjutfyun, ^rotoiant unb alle3 -ftotraenbige §u liefern. £)a= gegen erflarte ficfy ber Slbnig §u feinem Jreunbe unb 23e= ftf)ii£er unb toerftoracfy, feinen grieben einjugefyen, ofyne bem Sanbgrafen toollige ©enugtfyuung toon bem $aifer toerfcfyafft 5 3u fyaben. Seibe £eite fyielten reblid) 2Bort. §effen=^affel befyarrte in biefem langen ^riege bet ber fcr)rt>ebi[cr)en 2IHian§ bi§ ang @nbe, unb e§ fjatte Urfacfye, ft<^> im 2Beftfalifd)en grieben 2 ber fct)rt)ebtfcr)en Jreunbfcfmft §u ritfymen. £iEty, bem biefer fiifme ©cfyritt be§ Sanbgrafen ntcfyt lange 10 toerborgen blieb, fcfyicfte ben ©rafen gugger mit einigen Sftegi= mentern, .gegen it)n ; §ugleitf) toerfucfyte er, bie fyefftfcfyen Unter= tfyanen burcfy aufriifyrerifcfye 33riefe gegen ifyren §errn ju em= tooren. ©eine Sriefe frucfyteten 3 ebenfo menig al3 feme S^egi* menter, roelcfye ifym nacfyfyer in ber SBreitenfelber 4 ©d;lacfyt 15 fefyr §ur Unjeit 5 fet)Iten — unb bie fyeffifcfyen Sanbftanbe 6 fonnten feinen 2lugenblicf gmeifelfyaft fein, ob fie ben 53e= fcfrutjer it)re§ ©igentuml bem Member beffelben toorjiefyen foUten. 2Iber roeit mefyr aU §effen=$affel beunrufyigte ben laifer= 20 lichen ©eneral bie gmeibeutige ©efinnung beg ^urftirften 7 toon ©acfyfen, ber, be§ fatferlicr)en SSerbotg ungeacfytet, feine 9Utftungen fortfetjte unb ben Seito^iger 23unb* aufrecfyt fyielt. 3e^t, in biefer 3^dr)e be£ $onig§ toon ©cfyroeben, ba e§ in lur^er geit ju einer entfefyeibenben ©cfylacfyt fommen mufjte, 25 frfnen e§ il)m du^erft bebenflid), $urfatf)fen 9 in SSaffen fter)en 30 @ufla»9tbolfin©cittfd)ianb. §u laffen, jeben Slugenblid bereit, fid) fixr ben geinb $u er* fldren. (Sben fyattt fid) £t(fe Tnit 25,000 3flann alter ^ruppen berftarft, melcr)e ifym ^urftenberg 1 jufiifyrte, unb tooH 3ut>erfidf)t auf feme 9Kac^)t glaubte er, ben ^urfurften 5 entmeber burd) ba§ 2 blojje ©cbreden feiner 2lnfunft ent= maffnen ober bod) ofyrte -Iftube iiberminben §u fortrtert. @fye er aber fein Sager bei SBolmirftebt 3 fcerliejs, forberte er tf)n sum ©cfanfcts burc^ eine eigne Gkfanbtfcfyaft auf, fein Sanb terttt^" ben *atferlid&e« Snt^en §u offnen, feine eige= io oon •«*&«• nen gu entlaffen ober mit ber faiferlidjen 2Irmee ju toereinigen unb in ©ememfdjaft mit ifyr ben $dnig toon Sd)ft>eben au§ £)eutfd)lanb §u toerjagen. @r bradjte il)m in ©rinnerung, bafc $urfad)fen bibber unter alien beutfcfyen Sdnbern am meiften gefdjont morben fei, unb bebrot)te it)n 15 im SSeigerunggfatle mit ber f$redlid)ften SSerfyeerung. £illr/ fyattz ju biefem gebietertfdjen SIntrag ben ungiin* ftigften 3*ityunft geroafylt. 25ie 9JtiJ3^anbIung feiner SReIi= gion§= unb 23unbe3t>erit>anbten, 4 9)Jagbeburg3 3 er f torun 9/ ^ie 2lu§fd)toeifungen ber ^aiferlia^en in ber Saufi^, 5 aUe§ lam 20 jufammen, ben Slurfiirften gegen ben $aifer §u entriiften. ©uftatt SlboIfS 9iar/e, mie roenig SWcc^t er aud) an ben Scbu£ biefe§ giirften fyahtn mocr/te, belebte tfm mit 5Jtot. @r berbat ftcb/ bie faiferlidjen ©inquartierungen unb erfldrte feinen ftanbfyaften @ntfd)luj$, in ^iiftung ju bleiben. 6o febr e§ 25 ifym aud) auffallen muffe 6 (fefcte er r/in^u), bie faiferlidje Slrmee ju einer 3 e ^ S e 9 en f enie Sanbe im 2lnmarf$ §u ®ufta&2Cbolftn2)eutfd)tattb. 31 fefyen, too biefe 2lrmee genug ju tl)un r)atte, ben &bnig bon <5d)toeben ju oerfotgen, fo ertoarte er bennod; nid)t, anftatt ber oerfprocfyenen unb toofyloerbienten Selofynungen mit Un= ban! unb mit bem 9tuin feineS 2anbe3 hqatyt ju toerben. £>en Slbgefanbten be3 £itfr/, toelcfye pracfjtig betoirtet tourben, 5 gab er cine nod) t>erftanblid)ere Sfnttoort auf ben ©eg. „9Jieine §erren," fagte er, M) fefye toofyl, baf$ man gefonnen ift, ba§ lange gefparte fad;fifd)e ^onfeft 1 enblicf) aud; auf bic Safel $u fefcen. 2(ber man pflegt babei allerlei 9?uffe 2 unb ©dfyaueffen aufjutragen, bie t)art ^u beif^en finb, unb fefyen 10 6ie fidt) toofyl oor, baft <5ie fid) bie Safyne nicfyt baran au3= beiften." 3e£t brad; £iHfy au§ feinem Sager auf, rudte untcr furd)terlid)en 23erl)eerungen bi3 nad) §aUe 3 Oor unb liejj oon fyier au§> feinen Slntrag an ben ^urfurften in nod) bringen= 15 berem unb brofyenberem £one erneuern. (Srinnert 4 man fid) ber ganjen bi§fyerigen SDenfungSart 5 biefe§ gurften, ber burcfy eigne 9?etgung unb burd; bie ©ingebungen 6 feiner beftodjcnen 7 gjltnifter bem Sntereffe be§ ^aiferS fetbft auf 8 Unfoften feiner fyeiligften 9 ^ftiditen ergeben toar, ben man bi§f;er mit fo ge= 20 ringem Sluftoanb oon ®unft 10 in Untfyatigfeit erfyalten, fo mu| man iiber bie 35erblenbung be3 $aifer£ ober feiner gjlimfter erftaunen, tt)rer biSfyerigen ^olitif gerabc in bem bebenflidften 3eityunfte ju entfagcn unb burd) ein getoalt= tfyatigeS 11 SSerfa^ren biefen fo leicfyt §u 12 lenlenbcn gitrften 25 auf§ aufjerfte §u bringen. Dbcr toar ^n biefe3 bie 2Ibfict>t 32 ®ujtat>2lboIftn2>eutf$lanb. be§ £iffr/? SSar e3 ifym barum 1 gu tf)un, einen gmeibeutigen Jreunb in emeu offenbaren getnb §u oerroanbeln, urn baburd) ber ©cbonung iiberboben ju fetn, toeld^e ber gefyeime 23efebl be§ £aifer§ tfym biSfyer gegen bte Sanber biefe3 gitrften 5 aufgelegt battel 2Bar e§ oiefteicbt gar 2 bte Slbftcfyt be§ $aifer§, ben $urfitrften $u etnem feinbfeligen Scfyritt ju rei^en, urn fetner 23erbinbltcbfeit baburd) quitt §u fetn unb etne be= fd>rt>erlicr)e ^ecbnung mtt guter 2lrt jerret^en ju lonnen, fo muf$te man nicfyt roentger itber ben oermegenen iibermut 10 be§ £ittr/ erftaunen, ber fetn SBebenfen trug, im 2Ingeftcbt eine§ furdjtbaren $einbe3 3 fi$ ewen neuen §u macfyen, unb iiber bte (Sorgloftgfeit eben 4 btefe§ gelbfyerrn, bte S5eretm= gung beiber ofyne 2Biberftanb §u geftatten. 3obann ©eorg, 5 buret) ben ©tntrttt be3 £itlty in feme i 5 ©taaten $ur ^erjmetftung gebracbt, warf fief) nicfyt obne grof$e§ 3Siberftreben bem $onig toon Sdjmeben in bie Slrme. ©leicfy nacfy SIbfertigung ber erften ©efanbtfa^aft be3 £ifify t)atte er feinen getbmarfdjall toon 2lrnfyeim 6 auf§ eitfertigfte in ©u(tato3 Sager gefenbet, biefen lange toernacfylafftgten 5fto= 20 narcfyen urn fdjleunige §ilfe anjugefyen. 3)er $onig toerbarg bie innere gufriebenfyeit, tx>elcr)e ifym biefe fct)nlidr) gemimfdjte serhanbumqen Gnthricfelung gemote. Mix tbut e3 Ieib urn jwifdjen sobann fc en £ ur furften," gab er bem Slbgefanbten mit ©eorg 0011 ' ' ° ° ' ®ad)fcit unfc toerftetttem 7 ^altfinn $ur 2tnttoort. „§atte er ©uftao 5lfculf. 25 meine mieberbolten 3SorfteKungen gead)tet, fo toiirbe fetn 2cmb leinen geinb gefeben baben, unb autf) 9Uiagbe= ©uftao2tbolfin3)eiitjd)fanb. 33 burg roiirbe nocr) ftefyen. 3 e £*/ ^ a ^^ e ^ocbfte %lot ifym feinen anbern 2lu3toeg mefyr iibrig laftt, je£t roenbet man fief) an ben $bnig toon ©djmeben. 2lber melben ©ie tf>m r baft id> tt>ctt entfernt bin, urn be£ ^urfiirften Don ©atf)fen mitten mitf> unb meine 23unbe§genoffen in§ 23erberben ^u ftiirjen. Unb toer 5 leiftet mir fur bie Xreue eine£ $rinjen ©etoafyr, beffen 5fti= mftcr in ofterreicbifebem ©olbe 1 ftefyen, unb ber mid) toerlaffen roirb, fobalb ifym ber $aifer fdjjmeicbelt unb feine 2 2lrmee toon ben ©renjen jurucf§tct)t ? %\U\) fyat feitbem burcb eine anfeb)n= Ite SSerftarlung fein §eer bergroftert, lt>elcr)e^ micr) aber nicfyt 10 fyinbem foil, ifym berjfyaft entgegenjugerjen, fobalb \<$) nur meinen ^iicfen gebedt roeift." 25er faebfifefye 9Jttnifter toufete auf biefe SBortourfe nid)t3 gu antmorten, aU baft e§ am beften getfyan fei, gefd^el)ene £)inge in 33ergeffenl)eit $u begraben. @r brang in ben $onig, ficfy 15 iiber bie 33ebingungen 5U erflaren, unter melcfyen er ©acfyfen $u §ilfe fommen mottte, unb toerbiirgte ficfy im t>orau3 fiir bie ©eroafyrung berfelben. „%d) berlange," ermiberte ©uftab, „baft mir ber ^urfiirft bie geftung 2Bittenberg 3 einraume, mir feinen alteften ^prinjen al§ ©eifel iibergebe, meinen Xru^cn 20 einen breimonatticben ©olb au^afyle unb mir bie 33errater in feinem 9ftinifterium au^liefere. Unter biefen 53ebingungen bin ict) bereit, ifym SBeiftanb §u leiften." „9ftcr;t nur Sittenberg," rief ber ^urfiirft, aU tfym biefe Stntmort fyinterbracbt murbe, unb trieb feinen 9Jtinifter in ba3 25 f$rcebifcbe Sager juriid ; „ni$t Moft Sffiittenberg, audb Xorgau, 4 34 © u ft a to 91 b o i f i n 2> e it t f dj i a it b. ganj Sad)fen foil ifym offen ftefyen, meine gan^e gamilie toxDC id) ifym al§ ©eifet iibergeben ; unb toenn il)m ba3 nod) nid)t genug ift, fo toitt id) mid) felbft ifym barbieten. (Silen <2ie jurtid unb fagen <3ie ifym, bajj id) bereit bin, ifym bie 33errater, 5 bie er mir nennen toirb, au^uliefern, feiner 3lrmee ben ber= langten ©olb ju be§af?Ien unb Seben unb SSermogen an bie gute ©acfye ju fetjen." 2)er $onig fyatte bie neuen ©efinnungen 3of)ann GkorgS nur auf bie s $robe ftellen Pollen; con 1 biefer 2lufrid)tigfeit ge= io riib/rt, nafym er feine fyarten gorberungen guriidt. „®a§ 9Jiij$= trauen," fagte er, „tr»elcr)e§ man 2 in mid) fe|te, al§ id) 5Cftagbe= burg ju §tlfe fommen toottte, r)at ba§ meinige ermedt; ba§ je^ige SSertrauen be§ £urfurften berbient, bajs id) e§ ermibere. 3$ bin gufrteben, toenn er meiner Slrmee einen monatlicben 15 ©olb entri(f)tet, unb id) F?offe, tr)n aud) fiir biefe 2(u3gabe fcr)abIo3 gu fyalten." ©leid) nacfy gefcfylofjener SWIianj ging ber $onig iiber bie Gibe unb bereinigte fid) fa^on am folgenben £age mit ben Sad)fen. Slnftatt biefe SSereinigung 311 fyinbern, tear £ifft> 20 gegen Sei^ig borgeriidt, toeldk3 er aufforberte, faiferlidje 33e= fa^ung einjunefymen. 3 n §°ff nun 9 ^^ ne§ fd;(eunigen @nt= fa£e3 mad)te ber ^ommanbant, §an§ toon ber ^pforta, 2Tn= ftalt, ft$ ju fcerteibigen, unb liej3 §u bem @nbe bie fyaHifde 3 3Sorftabt in 2tfc§e legen. Slber ber fd)ledte 3 u ft an b hex 25 geftung^merle mad)te ben 2Siberftanb oergeblid) unb fa^on am §weiten STage fturben bie £fyore geoffnet. 3m §aufe eine3 ©uftat) 2tbotf in ®eutfd)Ianb. 35 £otengraberg, bem ein^igen, roelcfyeg in ber baflifdjen 33orftabt ftefyen geblteben mar, Ejatte %\fl,\) fctn Quartier genommen ; £;tcr unterjetdmete er bie Capitulation, unb bier tourbe aud) ber Sfngriff beg Conigg oon Sdrtoeben befcfyloffen. 23eim 2ln= blid ber abgemalten Sd;abel unb ©ebeine, mit benen ber 23e= 5 fitter fein §aug gefd^mudt fyatte, entfartbe 1 fidt) £illt>. Seipjig erfufyr eine itber atfe (Srroartung gnabige SBefyanbhmg. Unterbeffen tourbe §u Morgan Don bem Cbnig Don ©ti;n).eben unb bem Curfitrften Don ©acfyfen im SBcifein beg Curfiirften ■toon Sranbenburg 2 grower Crieggrat gebalten. Sine @nt= 10 fd;Iiej$ung follte je$t gefaftt nxrben, meldje bag ©djidfal £)eutfd;lanbg unb ber eDangelifdjen Religion, bag ©lud Dieler SSoIfer unb bag 2og ifyrer Jitrften unnnb err uf lid; beftimmte. £)ie Sangigfeit ber (Srmartung, bie aud) bie SBruft beg §elben Dor jeber grofjen ©ntfefyeibung beflemmt, fcr)ien je&t bie Seele 15 ©uftaD Slbolfg in einem Slugenblid §u umiuolfen. 3 „28enn mir ung jetjt £u einer ©cblad>t entfd)Iief$en," fagte er, „fo ftefyt nid)t meniger ate eine Crone 4 unb jraei Curfyiite 5 auf bem ©piele. 2)ag ©litd tft manbelbar, unb Srlcg g rat JM ber unerforfd)Iid)e 9tatfd)tuj3 beg §immelg !ann s°*9«»- 2Q unfrer Siinben megen bem Jeinbe ben ©ieg Derleifyen. 3mar mbd)te meine Crone, toenn fie meine Slrmee unb mid) felbft and) Derlbre, nod) eine ©djan^e 6 §um beften fyaben. 2Beit entlegen, burcfy eine anfefynlid)e glotte befefyiittf, in ifyren ©renjen moI)l Dermafyrt unb burd) ein ftreitbareg $olf Der= 25 teibigt, roiirbe fie roemgfteng Dor bem argften 7 gefidjert fein. 36 ©ujta»'2lDolt"in2)eut{d)tant. SSo 1 aber SRettung fiir eu^ benen bet Jeinb auf bem 9taden liegt, menu ba§ ^Treff en 2 toerungliitfen fotfte?" ©uftafc Slbolf geigte ba3 befcfyeibene ^Kijjtrauen eineg §el= ben, ben ba§ Seroujjtfein feiner Starfe gegen bie ©rofje ber 5 ©efafyr nicfyt fcerblenbet ; Sobann ©eorg bie gutoerficfyt eine§ ©d)mad)en, ber einen §elbcn an feiner Seite toeifj. SSoU Un= gebulb, feine Sanbe 3 toon §tt>et 4 befct)tr>erlict)en 2(rmeen balb= mogltd)ft 5 befreii 311 fefyen, brannte er nacf) einer <&tf)latf)t, in roeld;er feine alten Sorbeem 6 fiir it)n gu fcerlieren toaren. @r 10 roollte mit feinen ©acfyfen aKein gegen Setygig borriiden unb fid& mit 2riH\; fdjlagen. ©nblicb trat (SJuftatt Slbolf feiner ^Reinung bei, 7 unb befd)loffen mar e§, obne Sluffcbub ben geinb an^ugreifen, efye er bie SBerftarfungen, meldje bie ©ene= rale SUtringer 8 unb Siefenbaa) 9 ifym jufiibrten, an fid) ge= 15 §ogen fyatte. $ie bereinigte fd)mebifdH"ad)fifdj}e 2Irmee fetjte iiber bie 9JMba ; 10 ber Shtrfiirft toon 33ranbenburg reifte mieber in fein Sanb. griify morgenS am 7. September 1631 befamen bie feinb= lichen Slrmecn einanber 311 ®efid)te. £i% entfdjloffen, bie 20 fyerbeieilenben §ilf§tru^cn §u ermarten, nad)bem er toerfaumt tyatte, bie fact)ftfct)e 2lrmee cor il)rer 23ereinigung mit ben 6d;meben nieberjumerfen, t)atte unmeit Setygig ein fefte§ unb borteil^aftcS Sager begogen, mo er t)offen fonnte, gu feiner ©d)lad)t gegmungen ju merben. £a3 ungeftiime Slnfyalten 11 25 ^a^enfyeimS »ermod)te ifyn enblicr) bod), fobalb bie feinblicben 2(rmeen im 2(njug begriffen maren, feine Stetlung gu fcer= © u ft a to 31 b o I f i tt 2> e ii t f d) I a it b. 37 tirtbern unb ftcfy Iinfer §anb gegen bie §itgel fyinju^iefyen, toeldje fid? bom S)orfe SBafyren 1 bte nadi Sinbentbal erfyeben. 2fm gujj biefer Slnfyofyen ft>ar feine 2(rmee in einer eingigen Stnie auggebreitet ; feine ^rtiHerie, auf ben §iigeln berteUt, fonnte bie gan^e gro^e ©bene tion Sreitenfelb 2 beftreicfyen. 3 5 'Ron baber nafyerte ficfy in gtoei ^olonnen bie fcbtoebifaVfad^ fifcbe SIrmee unb f;atte bei $0beltoi§, einem t>or ber £il(v>ftf)en gronte Iiegenben 3)orfe, bie Sober 4 $u paffteren. Urn tfyr ben Etbergang ixber biefen 33act) §u erfcbtoeren, murbe ^appenfyetm mit 2000 ^iiraffieren gegen fie beorbert, botf> erft natfj langem 10 Sibcrftreben beg £ilty unb mit bem au§briicflicr)cn 23efef)I, ja 5 feine ooblast anjufangen. 3Mefe§ 23erbot3 ungeatf>tet, murbe ^Sa^en^eim mit bem fdj)toebiftf)en 3Sortrabe fyanbgemein, aber nacfy einem lurgen SSiberftanb gum ^iicfjug genotigt. Urn ben geinb aufjufyalten, ftecfte er $obelmi£ in SBranb, mel$e3 15 jeboct) bie beiben Slrmeen nicfyt fyinberte, fcor^uriicfen unb ifyre ©d>Iatf)torbnung ju madden. 3ur 9te$ten fteUten fief) bie Scfymeben, in jmei Xreffen 6 ab= geteilt, bag gumboil in ber Mtte, in fleine Sataittone ^x- ftiicfelt, melcfje leicfyt §u betoegen unb, ofyne bie Drbnung §u 20 ftoren, ber fdmeflften SSenbungen 7 fafyig maren; bie 3^eiterei auf ben glugeln, auf abnli&e 2(rt in fleine ©cfytoabronen abgefonbert unb bur$ mefyrere te$ fdwe&tfe&s §aufen 5Jcu3fettere unterbrocfyen, raelcfye tt>re fd)tr>a$e Slnjafyl berbergen unb bie feirtbltcr)en better berunter= 2 5 fd)ie^en foEten. 3n ber 9Jtitte fommanbierte ber Dberft 38 ®uftao2lbolfin£>eittfci)lanb. £eufel, auf bem Iinlen glitgel ©uftafc §orn, ber $omg felbft auf bem red^ten, bem ©rafen ^a^enfyeim gcgeniiber. 2)ie ©acfyfen ftanben buret; einen breiten 3toif$ enraum toon ben ©cbmeben getrennt; eirte 33eranftaltung ©uftat>§ / 5 toelc^e ber Sluggang 1 red)tferiigte. 3)en ^Slan ber ©d)Iacbt= orbnung l)atte ber ^urfiirft felbft mit feinem gelbmarf d^all 2 ent= morfen unb ber $onig fxcfy blojj begniigt, ifyn 511 genebmigen. ©orgfaltig, fd)ien eg, rooEte er bie fcfymebifcfye Xapferfeit fcon ber fdcfyfxfcfyen abfonbern, unb bag ©Iiicf bermengte fie 10 nxct)t. Unter ben Slnfyofyen gegen 2(benb 3 breitete fxcf) ber geinb aug in einer langen uniiberfefybaren Sinie, toclc^c toeit genug reic^te, bag fcfymebifcfye §eer ju itberfliigcln; 4 bag gujjbolf in grofje SBataxEone abgeteilt, bie 9teiterei in ebenfo grojse un= 15 bex)ilflid)e ©cfymabronen. ©cm ©efd)ut3 t)attc er fyinter fxcfy auf ben Slnfyofyen, unb fo ftanb er unter bem ©ebiet 5 feiner eigenen ^ugeln, bie iiber tr)rt fyinroeg ifyren Sogcn macfyten. sint>« ^ofitton. 2(ug biefer ©teEung beg ©efct;ut$eg, h?cnn anberg biefer ganjen 9?ad)ricf)t §u trauen ift, foEte man beinat)e 20 fcfyliefsen, baft SiEtyg 2Ibfi$t tnelmet)r gcmefen fei, ben geinb §u ermarten, alg an§ugreifen, ba biefe 2(norbnung eg ifmx inu moglitf) macfyte, in bie feinblicfyen ©lieber ein^ubrea^en, ofme fid) in bag geuer feiner eigenen ^anonen §u ftiir&en. SiEty felbft befel)ligte bag SJlittel, 6 $appenl)eim ben linfen gliigel, ben 25 red)ten ber ©raf toon gurftenberg. ©dmtlicfye £ruppen beg ie gtuei 3 grofjten §eerful)rer ifyrer 3eit, beibe bi§ fyierfyer uniiberrounben, foUcn jeijt in einem lange oermiebenen $ampfe mit einanber ifyre le£te $robe beftefyen, 10 einer oon beiben muj$ feinen SRufym auf bem ©cfylacfytfelbe 5uriicflaffen. 23eibe §alften 4 oon £)eutfa;Ianb fyahzn mit gurcf)t unb 3^^ n biefen Sag fyerannafyen f et)en ; bang er= roartet bie ganje -Utttroelt htn 2lu3fa?lag beffelben, unb bie fpate 9?aa;roelt roirb ifm fegnen ober beroeinen. 15 SDte @ntfcfytoffenfyeit, roelcfye ben ©rafen Sitlt; fonft nie Oer= liejj, fefylte ifym an biefem Sage. lein fefter S3orfa£, fid) mit bem $onig ju ftf)lagen, ebenfo roenig ©tanbfyaftigfeit, e3 §u Oermeiben. SSiber feinen 2BiIIen rift ifyn 5>appenbeim bafyin. ■iftie gefiifylte ^toeifet fampften in feiner Sruft, fdrtoarje 2llm= 20 bungen 5 umroolftcn feine immer freie ©time. 3)er ©eift 6 Oon 9Kagbeburg fduen iiber ifym 511 fd^roebcn. @in jroeiftiinbigeS Slanonenfcuer eroffnete bie ©d)laa)t. 2)cr 2Binb roefyte Oon Slbenb 7 unb trieb au§ bem frifcfy be= adertcn, 8 au^geborrten 9 ©efilbe 10 bic!e 2BoI!en Oon ©taub 25 unb ^uloerraua? ben ©cfyroeben entgegen. &ie£ bemog ben 40 ©ufta&2tboIfin2)eutfd)Ianb. £onig, fid; unbermerft gegen 9?orben ju fcfytoenfen, unb bte ©dmetligfeit, mit ber foldbeg au§gefiibrt tear, Iiej3 bcm geinbe nidbt 3 C ^/ e ^ 5 U fcerfyinbern. Gnblicb fcerlieft Silty feme §itget unb magte ben erften 2In* 5 griff auf bie ©dtmeben; aber toon ber §efttg!eit tt)re§ geuerS menbete er ficfy §ur 9^ecf)ten unb fiel in bie ©acbfen mit folcbem Ungeftum, bajj it)re ©lieber ftcb trennten unb SBerroirrung ba§ ganje §eer ergriff. &er $urfurft fclbft befann 1 fid) erft in ©ilenburg 2 mieber; toenige ^egtmentcr bielten nod; eine io 3 e i^ an S au f ^em ©ct/ladjtfelbe ftanb 3 unb retteten burcb ifyren mdnnlidjen SBibcrftcmb bie (St)re ber ©acbfcn. £aum 3iud)t ber M man bie f e m Unorbnung geraten, fo fturgtcn zadyun. ^ie £roaten 4 jur ^lunberung, unb (Sitboten tour- ben fd)on abgefertigt, bie 3^ tun 3 5 ^ ©ieg§ §u TOindjen 6 i 5 unb 2Bien 7 ju tterfimbigen. 2luf ben redbten glitgel ber ©cfymeben fturjtc ficfy ©raf $ap* Knfyeim mit ber ganjen ©tarfe feiner Steiterei, aber ofyne tt>n jum 28anfen ju bringen. §ier fommanbierte ber $onig felbft unb unter ibm ber Gkneral banner. 8 6tebenmat erneuerte 20 ^a^enfyeim feinen Slngriff, unb fiebenmal fcblug man tt)rt §uriid. @r entflofy mit einem grofjcn SBerlufte unb iiberliej* ba§ Scf)ladj)tfelb bem ©iegcr. Unterbeffen batte STillty ben Uberreft ber Sacbfen nieber= gemorfen unb brad; mmmefyr in ben linfen gliigel ber ©d>me= 25 ^n mit feinen fiegenben Xru^en. 2)iefem gliigel ^ alte ber $onig, fobaib fid) 9 bie SBermirrung unter bem fad>fifd>en §eere ©uftat>2tbo(fttt2)euMd)tattb. 41 entbedte, mit fdmeiler Sefonnenfyeit brei 9ftegimenter §ur 3Ser= ftcirftmg gefenbet, urn bie glanfe $u bec!en, metd>e bie giucfyt ber ©acfyfen entblofite. ®uftat> §orn, ber fyier ba§ £om= manbo fiifyrte, letftete ben feinblidjen ^iiraffieren einen fyerj= ^aften SSiberftanb, ben bie 33erteitung beg guf$= @ieg ber 5 fcolfs gtt)tf^en ben (Scfyroabronen nicfyt menig unter= «*» Slbolf erfcfyien, bem Sreffen ben 2tu3fd)lag §u geben. 2)er linfe Jlugel ber $aiferlid>en mar gestagen, unb feme 1 Xxup^ pen, bie jettf leinen Jeinb mefyr fatten, lonnten anber^too beffer 10 gebraud;t merben. @r fcr)tr>enfte fid; alfo mit feinem redden gliigel unb bem §auptforp£ 2 gur Sinlen unb griff bie §itget an, auf meldje ba§ feinblid)e Oefcr)u^ gepflan^t Wax. 3 n furjer geit mar e§ in feinen §anben, unb ber geinb mu^te }e£t ba§ geuer feiner eignen ^anonen erfafyren. 15 2Iuf feiner gtanfe ba§ gcuer be§ (35efd>u^e§, toon fcom ben fiircr)terUcr)eri Slnbrang ber Sd;meben, trennte fid; ba§ me iiberimmbene §eer. 3 ©crueller ^Hiidjug roar atfe§, rvaZ bem Xittt; nun iibrig blieb ; aber ber ^iid-mg felbft mufcte mitten bura) ben geinb genommen merben. 33erroirrung ergriff je£t 20 bie gan§e Slrmee, bier S^egimenter au§genommen grauer, r>er= fud)ter 4 6olbaten, roeldje nie toon einem ©d;tad)tfelbe geflofycn roaren unb e§ ana) jetjt nia)t roollten. gn gefd)loffenen ©lie= bem 5 brangen fie mitten bura; bie fiegenbe wutfjug %ims. Slrmee unb erreia^ten fedtfenb ein fleine§ ©efyol^, too fie auf§ 25 neue gront gegen bie ©a^meben marten unb bi§ §u ein= 42 ©uftat) 5tbolf in 2)entfd)tanb. bred>enber 9?acfyt, bi§ fie auf 600 gefd)mol$en roaren, 2Biber= ftanb leiftcten. 9Jtit if)nen entflofy ber gan^e Uberreft be3 £itfr/f$en §eere§, unb bie <5d)laa)t mar entfdneben. ■IRitten imter 33ernnmbeten unb £oten toarf ©uftab 3lboIf 5 ficfy nieber, unb bie erfte feurigfte ©iege^freube ergoj$ fid) in einem gliifyenben ©ebete. 3)en fliidfytigen geinb Iiefj er, fo= meit ba§ tiefe Smnfel ber 5Zact)t e§ toerftattete, burcfy feine SReiterci berfolgen. £>a£ ©elaute ber (Sturmgloden 1 braa^ie in alien umliegenben 2)orfern ba3 Sanbtoolf in Semegung, unb io toerloren mar ber Ungliicflicbe, ber bem ergrimmten 23auer in bie §dnbe fiel. 9Jiit bem iibrtgen §eere Iagerte fict) ber $onig §miftf>en bem ©d)Iacbtfelb unb Sei^ig, ba c§ nid>t moglid; mar, bie Stabt no$ in berfelben -ftadbt anjugreifen. 7000 maren toon ben fycinbcn auf bem ^Uafce gcblieben, iiber 5000 15 teilS gefangen, U\U toermunbet. 3^ re S an S e Slrtillerie, ifyr gan^eS Sager mar erobert, iiber 100 galmen unb ©tanbarten erbeutet. 2>on ben on ben ©dbmeben nirf)t iiber 700 r>ermij$t. ®ie 9iieberlage ber ®atferlid)en mar fo grof v baj$ ^TiUt; auf f einer ghtd)t naa} §alle unb §alberftabt 20 ntd^t iiber (300 9flann, sjSappenfyeim nicfyt iiber 1400 jufammcn= bringen fonnte. (So fdmell mar biefe§ furcfytbare §eer jer= gangen, meld)c§ nod) fitrglid) ganj 3 ia ^ en2 un *> £>eutfd)lanb in (Sdjreden gefeijt fyatte. Sitfr; felbft ban!te feine S^ettung nur bem Ungefafyr. 3 £)b= 25 gleia; oon oieten 25>unben ermattet, moltte er ft$ einem f$mc= bifa^en Sfltttmeifter, 4 ber ibn einfyolte, ni$t gefangen geben, ©it [tab Stbolf in 2)eutf tf)tanb. 43 unb fd&on toar biefer im 23egriff, tfjn ju toten, aU ein $iftolen= ftfmjj tfm 1 nocfy $u renter 3eit $u 33oben ftrecfte. 2tber fa^recf- licfyer ate £obe3gefafyr unb SSunben toar ifym ber ©cfymerg, feinen -ftufym §u iiberleben unb an einem etnjigen £age bie Slrbeit eine§ ganjen langen £eben§ ^u berlieren. $^3 ® Uvn im 5 9itd)t3 toaren jefct atte feine fcergangenen ®imon btefem £age an getoann £itfty 10 feine Jgetterfeit md)t hrieber, unb bag ©liicf fefyrte m$t mebr $u ifym juriicf. 44 @uftat)2(boifin2)eutfd)tanb. ©ufJab 9lbolf in Siibbeutfifjlanb. $er ihergang ii6cr bm Serf). (Dfiober 1631 — 2tyril 1632.) — mt tnum^ie* renber greube empfing bie 9?eitf)gftabt x 9?iirnberg 2 ben 23e= fefm^er proteftantifefyer Religion unb beutfdjer greifyeit, unb 5 ber fa>armerifd)e GntFmfia§mu3 ber Surger ergofi fid; bet feinem Slnblicf in rufyrenbe tujjerungen be§ 3ubel3 unb ber Sennmberung. ©uftab felbft fonnte fein Grftaunen nia^t unterbrucfen, ftd^ fyier in biefer ©tabt, im TOtetyunfte 3)eutfc§Ianb§, ^u feFjen, big mofyin er nie gefyofft r)atte feme IO ®uftat> aiboif in ?Mnen au^ubreiten. £)er eble fc^one 2ln= SWiirnberg. ^ 3 feiner ^^ ^Tlbete kn g^^ fetner gIorreicr,en Sfyaten, unb bie £erablaffung, momit er bie 33egriif3ung biefer 9?eia)§ftabt ermiberte, fyatte ifym in menig 2lugenblicfen aile §er§en erobert. 3n ^erfon beftdtigte er 15 jetjt ba§ 33unbni3, ba§ er fa>n an ben Ufern be§ Selts 4 mit berfelben errtcr)tet t)atte, unb r-erbanb aCte Surger gu einem glufyenben Sfyatenetfer 5 unb bruberlicfyer @intrad>t gegen ben gemeinfa>ftlia>n geinb. 9?aa; einem furgen ^ufent^alt in MrnbergS 9ftauern folgte er feiner 2lrmee gegen bie 2)onau 20 unb ftanb Dor ber ©renjfeftung 2)onauroortfy, 6 efye man einen geinb ba toermutete. (Sine ga^Iretdt)e Bavrtfdt>c Sefa^ung ©uftatt2lboiftn3)eutfc^lanb. 45 berteibigte biefen $la$, unb ber 3lnfii^rer berfelben, SRubolf ^Oiarjmilian, ^erjog bon ©ad)fen=2auenburg, geigte anfangg bie muttgfte ©ntfdjloffentyeit, ftc^> bis jur Sin* einnaI)me eon funft bc3 StDty ju tyalten. 23atb aber gmang »«>n«i»8r*. if>n ber (Srnft, mit meld)em GJuftafc Slbolf bie SBelagcrung 5 anfing, auf einen fdmeftcn unb fict)ern Stbjug ju benfen, ben er aud) unter bem beftigften geuer be§ f$tr>ebif$en GkfduUjeS gliidlid) in§ SBerf 1 rid)tete. 2)ie ©innafyme 35onautoortfy§ offnete bem $onig ba§ jert= feitige 2 Ufer ber 2)onau, unb nur ber Heine Sedjftrom 3 treunte 10 tfm nod) t>on 33ai;ern. 35ie]e nafye Gtefabr feincr Sanber nxcfte bie ganje S^citigfett 5DtarimiIian§, 4 unb jo leicf/t er e§ Bi3 jeijt bem geinb gemacbt fyatte, bi3 an bie 6d)meUc feiner Staaten ^u bringen, fo entfcfyloffen geigte er fict) nun, tfym ben leijten ©cfyritt ju erfcfytoeren. 3enfeit§ be§ £ect/§ bet 15 ber lleinen (Stabt S^ain be$og %\U\j em toofylbefeftigteS Sager, meldjeS, bon brei fyliiffen umgeben, jebem 2lngriffe %xofy hot. 3lHe Sriicfen iiber ben Sea; F>atte man abgemorfen ; bie ganje Sange bc§ Stroma bi§ 2Iug§burg 5 burd; ftarle Sefa^ungen berteibigt unb fid; biefer Sfteid^ftabt felbft, meld)e Iangft fdjon 20 il;re Ungebulb bliden liejs, bem Seityicl 6 9iurnberg§ §u folgen, burd) (Sinfiifyrung einer bar/rifd>cn 7 ©arnifon unb Gmttoaffmmg 8 ber Sitrger berfidjert. ©er Shtrfiirft felbft xiiitjg fefte^ fd&lofi fidt) mit alien Xru^en, bie er t)atte *«ser am «r*. aufbringen fdnnen, in ba§ £itfr;fd>e £ager ein, gleid) aU ob 25 an biefem einjigcn Soften aHe feine £offnungen baftetcn unb 46 @uftao2tbotfin£>eutfcf)(anb. ba§ ©Iiicf ber ©cfytoeben an btefer aufjerften ©renjmauer fcr)eitem fottte. SBatb crfd>ten GJuftab Slbolf am Ufer, ben bar/rifdjen 33er= fdianjungen 1 gegeniiber, nacfybem et ficfy bag gan§e aug§burgi= 5 fcfye ©ebict biesfeitg be§ 2e$3 untcrmorfen unb feinen Stotypen eine reicfje 3 u f u ^ r & u 3 biefem Sanbftrid) geoffnet fyatte. @§ mar im S^ti^monat, 2 mo biefer ©irom oon I)aufigen 9tegen= giiffen unb bon bem ©dmee ber tt>roIifcr)en 3 ©ebirge 511 einer ungembljmlid)en §ofye fcfymitft imb gmifdjen fteilen Ufem mit 10 reifienber ©dmettigfeit flutet. Gin gcmifje3 G>rab bffncte ficfy bem magfyatfigen 4 Stunner in feinen Snellen, nnb am ent= gegenftefyenben Ufer jeigten ifym bie feinblicfyen $anonen it)re mbrberifcfyen ScMunbe. 5 Grtro^te 6 er bennod) mitten burd> bie 2©ut be§ SBafferg unb be§ geuerS ben faft umndglicben liber- 15 gang, fo ertoartet bie ermatteten £ruppen ein frifcber unb mutiger geinb in einem uniiberminblicben Sager, unb na$ ©rfyolung fdjmadrienb, finben fie eine ©d)laa?t. Wit er= fa^opfter $raft miiffen fie bie feinbltcfyen SdBan^en erfteigen, beren geftigfeit jebe3 2Ingrtff3 ^u gotten fd>eint. (Sine 9iieber= 20 lage, an biefem Ufer erlitten, ftit;rt fie unoermeiblicfr §um Untergange; benn berfelbe (Strom, ber ilmen bie 33abn $um ©iege erfdrtoert, oerfperrt ibnen aUe 2£ege jur Jlucbt, menu ba3 ©liicf fie toerlaffen fotfte. £)er fefytoebifebe $rieg§rat, ben ber 2ftonard> jetjt oerfam= 25 melte, mad)te bag ganje ©emid)t biefer ©riinbe gelten, 7 urn bie 2Iu3fuI)rung eine§ fo gefabrOoHen UnternebmenS ju I)ins ®ujlat)2tboIfiit2)eutfd)lanb. 47 bem. Slucfy bie Xapferften jagten, unb eine efyrtoitrbige ©cfyar im 2)ienfte grau getoorbener $rieger errotete nitf>t, ifyre SBeforgniffe §u geftefyen. 2lber ber ©ntftfjlufc be£ $onig§ toar gefafjt. »98te ?" fagte er gu ©uftao §om, ber ba§ SBort 1 fiir bie iibrigen fiifyrte, „iiber bie Dftfee, iiber fo oiele grofje 5 ©trome ;Deutfcr;lanb£ fatten 2 tt>ir gefe^t, unb oor einem SBacfye, oor biefem Sect) r)ier, follten fair ein Unterncfymen aufgeben?" @r fyatte bereit3 bet Seftcr/tigung 3 ber ©egenb, bie er mit manner 2eben3gcfafyr anfteUte, bie ©ntbecfung ge= matfrt, ba{$ ba§ biegfeitige lifer iiber ba3 jenfeitige merflid) 4 10 fyeroorrage, unb bie SSirlung be§ fd)toebifen £age ba§ Sufterfte, ben 3ftut ber 10 ©einigen §u cniflammen, unb feine nod) fo brofyenbe Gkfabr siiio tobiid) Bonnie it)n oon bem Ufer abfyalten. Gnblicb oernmnfcet. f flnb ^ n ber c^ ben er ^fy^ gj ne g a (f 0s nettlugel 3 §erfd>metterte ibm ba3 33ein, unb balb nad) ibm marb aud) Slltringer, 4 fein gleicfy tapferer ©treitgenoffe, am £opfe 15 gefafyrlid; fcertounbet. 2}on ber Begeifternben ©egenmart biefer beiben giir)rer toerlaffen, toanften enblid) bie Satyern, unb miber feine 9Mgung murbe felbft 9Jtarjmilian §u einem f(ein= miitigen ©ntfdjiuf} forigeriffen. 9>on ben SSorftetfungen beg fterbenben %ity befiegt, beffen geir>ot)nte gefttgfeit ber an= 20 nafyernbe £ob iibermaltigt fyatte, gab er boreilig feinen un= uberminblicben Soften uerloren, unb eine toon ©uftao 5lboIf iibcrfdimtet ben ben ©djmeben entbedte gurt, burd) melaje bte Sfteiterei im Segriff mar ben Ubergang §u roagen, befd)leunigte feinen mutlofen Slb^ug. 9iod) in ber= 25 felben 9iacbt brad) er, ebe nocb ein feinblid>er ©olbat uber ben Secbftrom gefe^t fjatte, fein Sager ah, unb ofyne bem £onige ©uftctto 2lbotf in Seutftfjlcutb. 49 3eit §u Iaffen, ibn auf feinem $iarfd) 511 beunrufyigen, Fjatte er fid) in befter Drbnung naa) ^euburg 1 urtb gngolftabt ge= jogen. 3Kit 23efrembung fafy ©uftai) 2lboIf, ber am folgenben Sage ben Ubergang tootlfufyrte, ba§ feinblicfye Sager leer, unb bie glucfyt be§ ^urfiirften erregte feme 3Sertounberung nod; 5 mefyr, aU er bie gefttgfett be§ fcerlaffenen £ager§ entbedtc. „3Sar' id) ber Saiier 2 gemefen/' rief er crftaunt au§, „mmmer= mef;r — unb fyattt mir audj> cine ©tudfugel 3 SBart unb $inn mcggenommen — nimmermefyr miirbe id) etnen ^often mie biefen ba berlaffen unb bem Jeinbe mcine ©taaten geoffnet 10 fyaben." ge^t alfo lag SBatyern bem Sieger offen, unb bie $riege§= flut, bie bi§ jetjt nur an ben ©renjen biefe§ 2anbe3 geftiirmt fyatte, matye fidt) jum erftenmal iiber feme lange uerfdjontcn, gefegneten gluren. 23et>or fid) aber ber $onig an (Sroberung 15 btefe§ feinblid; gefinnten £anbc§ magtc, cntrijj er erft bie 9teid)3ftabt 2lug§burg bem 4 batyrifdjjen Socfye, nabm ifyre Siirger in ^flicr)ten unb »erfid;erte fid) ibrcr STrcue &ujtM mol ^ burtt) eine juritdgelaffene Sefa^ung. £)arauf in *"9**«'9- ritdte er in befd)leunigten 'Duirfcben gegen gngolftabt an, urn 20 burcfy ©innafyme biefer mid;tigen geftung, meldje ber ^urfurft 5 mit einem gro^en Seile feine§ §ecre3 bedte, feine Groberungen in Safyern 311 ficr)ern unb feftcn gufs an ber Sonau 311 faffert. SBalb naa) feiner Smfunft bor Sngolftabt befcfylof} ber ber= tounbete £itfy in ben 9Jtauern biefer ©tabt feine Saufbafm, 25 nad)bem er atle Saunen be§ untreucn ©liid3 erfafyren fyatte. 50 ©uftafc Slbolf in ®entfd)Unb. 33on ber iiberlegenen $elbfyerrngro£e ©uftao 2lboIf3 §ermalmt, fa^> er am Slbcnb feiner Xage alTe Sorbeem feiner friibem ©iege babintoelfen unb befriebigte burcf) eine $ette toon 2Biber= zine* sob. inartigfeiten bie ©eretfitigfeit be§ ©d)icffal§ unb 5 9ttagbeburg3 ^urnenbe ^flanen. 1 gn itytn Oerlor bie Slrmee be§ $aifer§ unb ber Sigue einen unerfe&licben giifyrer, bie fatr>oItfd>e Religion ben etfrigften ifyrer i'erteibiger, unb 9ftarjmilian toon Satyern ben treuften feiner Wiener, ber feine Xreue burd) ben £ob berfiegelte unb bie $fli$ten beg gelb= 10 fyerm ana) nod; fterbenb erf utile, ©ein Ie£te§ 25ermad)tni3 an ben ^urfiirften Wax bie ©rmafynung, bie ©tabi $egen§burg 2 gu befe^en, urn §err ber £)onau unb mit Socmen in 3Serbinbung ju bleiben. uftat) Stbolf in 2)eutfd)lanb. 51 $ic Sdjladjt Bet Sitycn. Ghiftab 5(ba(f§ £ob. (6. Member 1632.) — 2)ie Sanbftrafje, meltf>e toon SSeifsenfelS 1 nacf> 2eip= $ig fiifyrt, mirb jmifefyen 2iit$en imb 3DZarfranftdbt fcon bem glof3= graben 2 burd^fdmitten, ber fitfj Don 3ei£ n&&) 9Jierfeburg erftredt urtbbie (Sifter 3 mitberSaale 4 fcerbinbet. 3ln bxefen ^anallefmte 5 fid) ber linfe fylliget ber $aiferlitf>en unb ber recite be§ $omg§ bon Scfymeben, boct) fo, baft ftcf> bie D^eiterei beiber £eile noa) jenfeitg beffelben toerbrettete. 9^orbrt)drt§ Winter Siitjen fyatti ftd) 2Batlenftein3 5 renter glitget unb fitbmart3 toon biefem ©tabtcfyen ber linfe glitget be3 fcr)rt)ebifcr)en §eer§ gelagert. 10 SBeibe Slrmeen fet)rten ber Sanbftrafte t^re gronte 311, metcfye mitten burd) fie Ringing unb eine Scfylacfytorbmmg toon ber anbern abfonberte. 2(ber eben biefer Sanbftrafje fyatti ft$ 2Menftein am Slbenb oor ber ©cfyla^t §um groften Wafytiil feine§ ©egner§ bemacfytigt, bie 311 beiben 6eiten berfelben fort= 15 laufenben ©rdben Oertiefen unb burtf) 3Jlu^fetiere befetjen Iaf= fen, baft ber ubergang olme 33eftf)merlid£)feit unb ©efafyr nid)t $u roagen mar. §inter benfelben ragte eine SBatterie toon fieben groften $anonen fyerOor, ba3 9J?u3fetenfeuer au£ ben ©rdben §u unterftii^en, unb an ben 2SinbmubIen nafye fyinter 20 £ii£en maren 14 Keinere gelbftiicfe 6 auf einer Slnfyofye auf= 52 ©ufta&2lbolfinS)eutf^lanb. gepftangt, oon ber man einen grofsen £etf ber <£bne beftreitfjen 1 ®cDiad,torbnuns frnnte. £ie gnfanterie, in ma)t mefyr alg berSatferUdjen. p^ gro ^ unb ^fo^f^ 93 r i ga ben Oer= teilt, ftanb in enter ©ntfernung toon 300 ©Written Winter ber 5 2anbftra£e in Stfjlacbtorbnung, unb bie D^eiterei bebecfte bie glanfen. 2ttleg ©eodcf marb natf) £eipgig gefdjicft, urn bie S3e= megungen beg §eere§ nicbt 311 binbern, unb blojj bie 9Jiuni- tiongfaagen 2 fyietten Winter bem Sreffen. 3 Urn bie Sa>>atf)e ber Slrmee gu oerbergen, mujjten alle Srojsjungen 4 unb 10 ^necfyte 5 gu ^pferbe fi^en unb fict) an ben linfen glugel an= ftf;lie{$en; boa) nur fo lange, big bie $a^en^eimifd)en 6 Golfer anlangten. 2)iefe gauge 2lnorbnung gefct)at) in ber ginftemig ber 9?acbt, unb er)e ber £ag graute, mar alleg gum (Smpfang beg geinbeg bereit. 15 yiofy an eben 7 biefem Slbenb erfefyien ©uftafc Slbolf auf ber gegeniiberliegenben ©bene unb ft elite feine Golfer gum £reffen. £ie roebc »- Su^en gur Sinfen. 3n ber 3Jtfttc fyielt bag gufsoolf unter beg ©rafen fcon Srafye 9 Sefefylen, bie 9teiteret 25 auf ben glitgeln unb Dor ber gronte bag &tfd)u%. (Sinem beutfeben §elben, bem §ergog Sernfyarb con 2Beimar, 10 mar ©uft a to 31 bo If in 2) eut f d) tanb. 53 bie beutfd>e ^eiterei be§ linfen gliigel3 untergeben, unb auf bem red>ten fitfyrte ber $onig fetbft feine ©djmeben an, bie Giferfud;t beiber 33dlfer gu einem ebeln 2©ettlam^fe gu er^i^en. 2(uf abnlid>e 9lrt mar ba3 jmeite £reffen georbnet, unb fyinter bemfelben fyielt ein ^eferoeforpg unter §enberfon§, eine§ 5 Scbottldnberg, ^ommanbo. Sllfo 1 geriiftet ermartete man bie blutige 9ttorgenrbte, urn einen $ampf ju beginnen, ben mefyr ber lange 2luffcr)ub aU bie 2Bid)tigfeit ber moglidjen Jolgen, mebr bie 2lu3mal)l aU bie Sln^I ber Sruppen fura^tbar unb merfnnirbig marten, io £)ie gefyannten (Ermartungen Guropeng, 2 bie man im Sager oor 9iiimberg 3 fyinterging, follten nun in ben Gbenen 2u|en§ befriebigt merben. 3^ folate gelb^erren/ fo gleia) an 2ln= fefyen, an ^ufym unb an gafyigfeit, fatten im gan^en Saufe biefe£ $rieg§ noa) in leiner offenbaren Sd)Iad)t ir;rc ^rafte 15 gemeffen, eine fo f>ot)e $%tttt nod> nie bie $iilml)eit gefd)redt, ein fo mid)tiger $rei3 nod) nie bie £offnung begeiftert. 2)er morgenbeXag foUte (Suropa feinen erften $rieg£furftcn fennen 5 lebren unb einen tlberioinber bem nie Ubermunbenen geben. Cb am £ed)ftrom 6 unb bei Sciojig 7 ©uftao 2IboIf3 ©erne 8 20 ober nur bie Ungefd)idlid)!eit feine3 ©egnerS mai u n f tein unb ben 2tu«fd^Iag beftimmte, muf^te ber morgenbe ® u * a " " bolf - Xag au^er gtoeifel feijen. s ]Jiorgen mujjte Jrieblanbg 9 2Ser= bienft bie 28al)l beg $aifer§ red>ifertigen unb bie ©rbfje be3 ^anne§ bie ©ro{$e be§ $reifes 10 aufmdgen, urn ben er erfauft 25 toorben mar. (Eiferfiia^tig teilte jeber einjelne 5ftann im 54 ®ufta»2Cbotfin2>eutfdjtanb. §cer fexne^ §atfyrer§ S^ufym, unb unter jebem §arnifd>e med)= felten 1 bie Gkfiifyle, bie ben SBufen ber ©enerale burd>flamm= ten. gmetfelbaft mar ber ©teg, gemifj 2 bie Slrbeit unb ba§ Slut, ba3 er bem tiberminber hue bem tlbermunbenen foften 5 mufjte. 9JJan lannte ben geinb oollfommen, bem man je£t gegeniiberftanb, unb bie 33angigfeit, bie man bergeblicfy be= fampfte, geugte glorreid) fitr feine 3 Sta'rfe. ©nblia) erfcfyeint ber gefiird)tete ^ftorgen; aber ein unburd)- bringlid)er -iftebel, ber iiber ba3 ganje Sd)lad>tfelb oerbreitet 10 liegt, fcer^ogert ben Slngriff nod; bi£ jur 9Jiittag§ftunbe. S>or ber gronte fnieenb, r)dlt ber ^bnig feine 2lnbad)t; bie ganje Slrmee, auf bie $nie r/ingefturjt, ftimmt $u gleid>er geit ein riifyrenbe3 Sieb 4 an, unb bie gelbmufi! 5 begleitet ben ©efang. £)ann (tcigt ber $onig $u ^pferbe, unb blofj mit 15 einem lebernen ©oiler 6 unb etnem £ud)rod befteibet (eine 2Jm g»orgen »ov Ornate empfangene SSunbe erlaubte ibm t>ev Sd)iad)t. nic ^ t me ^ bcn Q axn tffy §u tragen), bura> reitet er bie ©Iieber, ben 9Jiut ber 3Truppen ju einer frozen 3uoerfid>t §u entflammen, bie fein eigner abnbungSooKer 7 20 SBufen berleugnet. „©ott mit un3!" mar ba§ 2Sort 8 ber ©djmeben ; bag ber $aiferlicben : „3cfu3 -Iftaria." Gkgen 11 Ubr fangt ber 9iebet an, fid) ju jerteilen, unb ber geinb mirb fidjtbar. 3 u 9^ e ^ ft e fy* man 2ii|en in glammen fteben, auf Sefebt be§ §erjog§ 9 in 33ranb geftedt, bamit er r>on biefcr 25 ©cite nid)t uberflitgelt 10 miirbe. 3 e £* tant bie Sofung, 11 bie Sfteiterei fprengt gegen ben geinb, unb ba3 guftfolf 12 ift im Slnmarfd) gegen bie ©raben. @uftot)2lboifin®eutfrf)ianb. 55 SSon 1 einem fiird)terlid)en geuer ber 9Jtugfeten unb beg bafyinter gepflanjten groben 2 ©efdm^eg empfangen, fe^en biefe tapf em SataiHone 3 mit unerf djrodenem 9flut ifyren 2ln= griff fort, bie feinblicr)en 4 9Jiugfetiere toerlaffen ifyren ^often, bie ©raben finb iiberfyrungen, bie Satterie felbft rt>irb erobert 5 unb fogleid) gegen ben getnb gerid)tet. ©ie bringen tueiter mit unauffyaltfamer ©emalt, bie erfte ber fiinf frteblanbtfd>en 5 SSrigaben mirb niebergetoorfen, gleid) barauf bie gmeite, unb fcbon roenbet fidf) bie britte jur glud)t ; aber t)ier fteUt fid) ber fcbneH gegentoartige ©eift beg £erjogg 6 ifyrem Slnbrang ent= 10 gegen. Wat 33li|egfdmelligfeit ift er ba, ber Unorbnung feineg gufefcolfg m fteuern, unb feinem 9Kad)tmort gelingfg, 7 bie gliefyenben gum ©teben §u be= 5-iugci . . ber ©cbroefcen. toegen. 3Son bret Kaoaueneregtmentern unter= ftittjt, madjen bie fcfyon gefcfylagenen 33rigaben aufg neue 15 gront gegen ben geinb unb bringen mit 9ftacr)t in feine jerriffenen ©lieber. 6in morberifdj>er $ampf ert)ebt fid), ber nafye 8 geinb giebt bem ©dnejsgetoefyr feinen ^aum, bie Sffiut be§ 2lngriffg feine grift mefyr $ur Sabung, 9 Wlann fid)t gegen 5Dten, bag unnu^e geuerrofyr 10 mad)t bem ©djtoert unb ber 20 ^Sile $la| unb bie Shmft ber Srbitterung. Ubertoaltigt r>on ber Sftenge, toeidjen enblid) bie ermatteten Scfymeben iiber bie ©raben guriid, unb bie fd)on croberte S3atterie ger)t bei biefem ^iidjug fcerloren. ©d)on bebeden taufenb r»erftttm= melte 2eia)en bag Sanb, unb nocfy ift fein gujj breit @rbe 25 gemonnen. 56 ©ufta&2Cbotftn®eiitfif)lanb. Snbeffen fyat ber recite gliigel be§ $5nig3, toon ibm felbft angefiifyrt, ben linfen be§ geinbeS angefallen. Sdbon ber erfte mad)tr>oIIe 2lnbrang ber fa^roeren finnlanbiftfjen 1 $uraf= fiere gerftreute bie Ietdt)t berittnen ^olen unb ^roaten, bie 5 ficfy an biefen Sliigel anfd;Ioffen, unb it)re unorbentlirfje glucfyt teilte aua) ber iibrigen 2 S^eiterei gurajt unb 33ermirrung mit. 3n biefem Slugenblicf fymterbringt 3 man bem $onig, bafc feme Jnfanterie uber bie ©raben ^urudmeidfye unb aud) fein linfer Jliigel burd) ba£ fetnbltct)e ©efct)u^ t>on ben 2Binbmur)len 10 au§ furd)tbar geangfttgt unb fd)on $um 2Betct)en gebradBt merbe. Tlxt fdmeller Sefonnenfyeit itbertrdgt er bem ©eneral toon §orn, ben fcr)ort gefd)lagenen linlen gliigel be§ geinbeg §u uerfolgen, unb er felbft eilt an ber (Sfyifce beg Sten= bodifdben 4 3^egiment§ babon, ber Unorbnung 5 feine£ eigenen 15 linfen glugelg abmbelfen. ©ein eble£ SRojs Wiiigci tragi tfm tofeilfdmell uber bie ©rdben ; aber fdjmerer mirb ben nad)folgenben Scfymabronen ber Ubergang, unb nur menige better, unter benen gran^ Albert, 6 §erjog t>on 6acr/fen=2auenburg, genannt mirb, maren 20 befyenb genug, tf>m $ur ©eite §u bleiben. @r ftorengte geraben= meg§ bemjenigen Drte $u, mo fein gumboil am gefabrlid)ften bebrangt mar, unb tnbem er feine Slide umfyerfenbet, irgenb eine Stojje 7 be§ feinblid)en §eer§ au^uftoafyen, auf bie er ben Slngriff ria^ten Jonnte, fiibrt ifyn fein furjeS 8 ©efidjt ju nafy an 25 baffelbe. @in faiferlidjer Gkfrevter 9 bemerft, bafj bem 35or= iiberftorengenben attee 10 efyrfurcr;t§r>oll ^>la£ maajt, unb f cfmetf ©ufta&2tbolftn2)eutfd)tarib. 57 beftefylt er einem 9Jht3fetier, auf ifyn anaufdjlagen. 1 „2Uif ben 2 bort fdnejse," ruft er, „ba3 mug em toornefymer 9flann fein." 2)er ©olbat briitft ab, unb bem $onig roirb ber linfe 2lrm ger- fdfymettert. gn biefem Stugenblitf lommen feme ©a^mabronen bafyergefprengt, unb ein bernnrrteS (35efdt)rei : „£)er $onig 5 blutet ! — £>er $onig ift erfd)offen !" breitet unter ben 2ln= lommenben ©a^retfen unb @ntfe|en au§. „@3 iji nicr)t^ — fotgt mir!" ruft ber $onig, feine ganje ©tarfe jufammen= raffenb ; aber iibermaltigt toon ©d)mer§ unb ® U f*at> *&oif ber Dlmmac^t nafye, bittet er in franjoftf^er * MI * »««»»«*«*• IO ©prad)e ben §er§og fcon Sauenburg, ilm olme Stuff etyen au§ bem ©ebrange §u fdjaffen. 3 gnbem ber lettfere auf etnem iueiten Ummeg, urn ber mutlofen gnfanterie biefen nieber= fdjlagenben 4 2lnbltcf ju ent^iefyen, na$ bem redden glugel mit bem ®onige ummenbet, erfyalt biefer einen jmeiten ©dmfj bura? 15 ben 9*ucfen, ber tfym ben Ie|tcn 9teft feiner $rafte raubt. ,,3$ fyabe genug, Sruber," ruft er mit fterbenber ©timme; „fua;e bu nur 5 bein 2thzn ju retten." 3 U S^^ f an ^ er bom ?f er *V unb toon nocfy mefyrem ©dfyiiffen burtf)bofyrt, toon alien feinen 33egleitem fcerlaffen, fcerfyaucfyte er unter ben rauberifcfyen 20 §anben ber $roaten fein Seben. SBalb entbedte fein lebig 6 fliefyenbeS, in Slute gebabeteS Sftojs ber fcf>mebifcf>en ^eiteret ir)re§ £onig3 gall, unb rciitenb bringt fie 7 fyerbei, bem 8 gierigen geinb biefe fyetlige 23eute §u entreifjen. Urn feinen Seidmam entbrennt ein mdrberifcfyeS ©efedjt, unb ber entftellte 25 £orper roirb unter einem §iigel i>on Xoten begraben. 58 ©ufta&2tbolfin2)eutfd)tanb. $)ie ©cfyretfenSpoft 1 burcfyeilt in furjer 3^ ba% gan^e fcfyroebifcfye §eer ; aber anftatt ben 9Jhit biefer tapfern Scfyaren ju ertoten, 2 entjlinbet fie ifm toielmefyr $u einem neuen, toilben, fcer^efyrenben geuer. 2)a§ Seben fdttt 3 in f einem ^Breife, ba 5 ba3 fyeiligfte aEer Seben bafyin ift, unb ber £ob fyat fiir ben 9iiebrigen !eine <3$rec!en mefyr, feitbem er bag gefronte §aupt niajt fcerfcfyonte. 5Dttt Sotoengrimm roerfen fi$ bie uplan= bifdjen, 4 fmaldnbifcfyen, 5 finnifcfyen, 6 oft= unb roeftgotifajen 7 S^ecjimenter ^um ^toeitenmal auf ben Iinfen gliigel be3 geinbe3, io ber bem (General toon §om mir nocfy fct)rDa^en SBiberftanb leiftet unb je|t fcoHig au§ bem gelbe gefd)lagen roirb. 3 u S^i^ gtebt §er$og 23emfyarb 8 toon SSeimar bem fcermaiften §eere bet ©cfyroeben in feiner ^perfon ein fafyige3 Dhtxfyavupt, unb ber ©eift 9 ©uftat* 2lbolf§ fiifyrt t>on neuem feine fiegreicfyen ©c^a« 15 ren. ©dmell ift ber linle gliigel roieber georbnet, unb mit 9flacbt bringt er 10 auf ben recfyten ber ®aiferlidjen ein. £)a§ (35efct)u^ an ben SBvnbmufylen, ba3 ein fo morberifcfye^ geuer auf bie ©cfyroeben gefcftleubert fyatte, fattt in feine 11 §anb, unb auf bie geinbe felbft hxrben jetjt biefe Conner geria^tet. Sludf) 20 ber Mttefyunft be§ fdt)rr»ebxf d)tn gu^olfg f e|t 12 unter 33ern= fyarbS unb $nipfyaufcn§ Slnfii^rung auf3 neue gegen bie ©rds 3m antrum &en an, iiber bie er fitf> gtwflicfy fyintr>egfa;mingt bcifccr sirmecn. uni) §um ^eitenmal bie SBatterie ber fieben ^anonen erobert. 2luf bie fcfymeren Sataittone be§ feinblia^en 25 9ftittefyunft§ nrirb jetjt mit geboppelter 2But ber Slngriff er= neuert, immer fcfytoacfyer unb fcfyroacfyer roiberftefyen fie, unb ber ©uftab2tbolftn3)eutftf)(anb. 59 3ufaH felbft »erfdj)tt>crt fia) mit ber fd;tr»ebifd^en ^apferfeit, U)re 1 9iieberlage $u fcollenben. Jeuer ergreift bie laif erltd^en ^uloerroagen, unb unter fd)redlid;em £)onnerfnaHe fiefyt man bie aufgefyauften ©ranaten unb 33omben in bie 2uft ftiegen. £)er in 23eftiir§ung gefetjte Jeinb mafynt 2 fia; t>on fyinten ange= 5 fallen, inbem bie f$rcebifd)en 23rigaben fcon born ifym ent= gegenftiirmen. £>er 50tut entfaUt ifym. @r fiefyt feinen linfen glitgel gefd)lagen, feinen rea^ten im Segriff gn erliegen, fein ©efdwtj in beg geinbeg §anb. @g neigt \\a) bie <5d)ladj>t gu ifyrer (Sntfa^eibung, bag Sdndfal beg Xageg fyangt nur nod> an 10 einem ei^igen Slugenbltd — ba erfa^evnt ^3appenfyetm auf bem ©a^Iaa^tfelbe mit ^iiraffieren unb 2)ragonern; aEe er= fyaltenen SSorteile ftnb toerloren, unb eine ganj neue 6d)lad)t fangt an. 2)er 33efefyl, meaner biefen ©eneral nad> Sittjen juriidrief, 15 fyatte tyn $u §atte 3 erretd)t, ^n ba feine poller mit ^SIunbe= rung biefer (Stabt nod) befdjaftigt maren. Unmoglid; roar'g, bag ^erftreute gufjoolf mit ber ©dmelligfeit §u fammeln, alg bie bringenbe Drber unb bie Ungebulb biefeg $riegerg ber= langten. Dfyne eg gu ermarten, liefj er ad)t S^egimenter 20 $at>allerie auffitjen 4 unb eilte an ber ©pi£e berfelben fyom= ftreia^g 5 auf Siitjen gu, an bem gefte ber 6d)lacf)t teilju= nefymen. @r !am noa) eben recfyt, urn bie y a » penhe u n s glud&t beg faifertia^en linfen gliigelg, ben »n*unft. ©uftao §orn aug bem gelbe fcfylug, §u bejeugen unb fict) 25 anfanglid) felbft barein oerroidelt ju fefyen. 2lber mit f$nel= 60 @u ft au 2(bolfin®eutfiI)lanb. ler ©egenmart beg ©etfteg fammelt er biefe fliicfytigen SSoIfer toieber unb fiifyrt fie aufg neue gegen ben geinb. gortgeriffen bon feinem roilben -JRut unb t*oU Ungebulb, bem $onig felbft, ben er an ber ©piije biefeg gliigelg fcermutet, gegeniiber gu 5 fecfyten, bricr)t er fitrcfyterlitf) in bie fd^roebifc^en ©cfyaren, bie, ermattet oom ©ieg unb an Slngafyl gu fcfywad^, biefer glut toon geinben nacfy bem mannlicfyften 28iberftanb unterliegen. Slua) ben erlofcfyenben 9Jlut beg faiferlicfyen gujjbolfg ermuntert ^pappenfyeimg nicr)t mefyr gefyoffte ©rfcfyeimmg, unb fct)neH 10 benuttf ber §ergog oon grieblanb 1 ben giinftigen Slugenblicf, bag £reffen aufg neue gu formieren. ®ie bicfyt gefcfyloffenen 2 fd)roebifcf)en SBataillone werben unter einem morberifa;en ©e= ferf)te iiber bie ©raben guriicfgetrieben unb bie groeimal r>er= lornen ^anonen gum gtoeitenmal ifyren §dnben entriffen. 2)a§ i5 gange gelbe 3 Regiment, aU bag trefflicfyfte tion alien, bie an biefem blutigen £age 33eroeife it)re§ §elbenmutg gaben, lag tot bafyingeftredt unb bebecfte nod) in berfelben fcfyonen Drb= nung ben 2BafyfyIa£, 4 ben eg lebenb mit fo ftanbfyaftem TluU bet)au^)tet fyatte. @in dt)nltcr)e§ 2og traf ein anbreg blaueg 5 20 Regiment, melcfyeg (Sraf ^piccolomini 6 mit ber faiferlicfyen 9teiterei naa) bem hriitenbften $ampfe gu SBoben roarf. 3 U fieben oerftfnebenen s IRalen toieberfyolte biefer trcfflicfye Gk= neral 7 ^n Slngriff ; fieben ^ferbe irmrben unter tfym erfcfyoffen, unb fecfyg s Dtugfetenfugeln burd;bof>rten tfm. SDennoa; fcerliej} 25 er ba^ eer3, ber furcr)tbarfte ©olbat be§ §aufe§ Cfterreia) unb ber Slircbe. 8 ©liifycnbe Segier, bem $onig felbft im $amfcfe $u begcgnen, rijj ben SSiitenben mitten in ba§ blutigfte (Scr)lact)t= gemiifyl, mo er feinen ebeln geinb am menigften 9 311 berfefylen fyoffte. 2lud; ©uftao !)atte ben feurigen 2Bunf$ gefyegt, biefen 15 geadrteten ©egner bon 2lngeftd)t ju fefyen, aber bie fetnbfelige ©ebnfud)t blieb ungeftiEt, unb erft ber Xob fiif>rte bie ber* fofynten §elben jufammen. gtozi 50iu§!eten!ugeln burd)bofyrten $atotoenfyeim§ narbenoolle 23ruft, unb gemaltfam muf$ten ifyn bie ©einen au§ bem -IRorbgemufyl tragen. Ignbem man 2 ° befcfyaftigt mar, u> Winter ba§ Sreffen $u *p a ppeni,etm bringen, brang ein ©emurmel £u feinen t6MI * ° crrou "* ct - Dfyren, bafc ber, ben er fud)te, entfeelt auf bem 2Bafyfyla£ liege. %U man ifym bie 20ar)rr)eit biefe§ ©erud)te3 befraftigte, er= fyeiterte fid) fein ©efid)t, unb ba§ letjte geuer blittfe in feinen 25 Slugen. „<5o fyinterbringe 10 man benn bem £erjog Oon grieb= Q2 @ufta& Slboif in 3)eutf djlanb. lanb," rief er an$, „baf$ id) ofyne §offmmg 511m Seben bar= nieberltege, aber frofylicf) bafyinfdjeibe, ba id; toeijj, ba£ biefer unkerfofmlicfye geinb meineg ©laubenS an (Sinem 1 Sage mit mir gefallen tft." 5 TOt ^appenfyeim berfdfymanb ba§ ©Iucf ber $aiferlid;cn bon bem 6d)lad>tfelbe. 9^icf)t 2 fobalb bermifjte bie fdjon einmal gefd)lagene unb burdj) tfm aHein roieberfyergefteftte S^etteret be§ linfen fjliigclg ifyren fiegfyaften gaifyrer, ate fie alley toerloren gab unb mit mutlofer SBerjtoeifhmg ba3 2Seite 3 10 fud)te. (§Heid)e Seftiirjung ergriff and), ben recfyten gliigel, -5iud)t b«r toenige S^egimenter auSgenommen, roeldje bie *aiferi«t<«. ^ferfeit ty rer oberften, ©o£, £*r&fy, GoUc* rebo unb ^Biccolomini, notigte, ftanb^ufyalten. 2)ic f$roebifd)e gnfanterie benu^t mit fa^neUer Gntfd)loffenfyeit bie Sefttirjung 15 be§ geinbe§. Urn bie Siicfen §u erganjen, roela^e ber Sob in il)r £>orbertreffen 4 gerifjen, gtel)en fid) beibe Sinien in eine gufammen, bie ben letjten entfdkibenben Slngriff roagt. 3um brittenmal fe£t fie iiber bie ©raben, unb jum brittenmal roerben bie bafyinter gepflanjten ©tiide 5 erobert. £)ie Sonne 20 neigt fid) tbtn jum Untergang, inbem beibe ©d)lad)torbmmgen auf einanber treffen. §eftiger erf>t^t fid) ber 6treit an feinem @nbe, bie le^te tfraft ringt mit ber le^ten £raft, ©efd)idlia> feit unb 2But tfyun ifyr SlujserfteS, in ben leijten teuren ^Rinuten ben ganjen oerlornen Sag nac^ufyolen. Umfonft, bie 3Ser= 25 §meiflung ert)ebt jebe 6 iiber fid) felbft, leine t>erftef?t gu fiegen, feine §u meia^en, unb bie Saftif erfdjopft t)ter ifyre 3£>unber @uftat>2tbolftn®eutfd)lanb. 63 nur, urn bort neue, nie gelernte, nie in Ubung 1 gebracfyte 9Jieifterftucfe ber $unft ju entmicfeln. (Snblid) fe^ert 9?ebel unb 9lad)t bem ©efecfyt eine ©renje, bem bie SSut feine fdjen mill, unb ber Slngriff r)ort auf, Vueil man feinen geinb nicfyt mefyr finbet. SBeibe $rieg§fyeere fcfyeiben mit ftiEfd^toetgenber 5 llbereinfunft 2 au£ einanber, bie erfreuenben 3 Xrompeten er= tonen ; unb jebeg, fur unbefiegt fid) erflarenb, fcerfcfyminbet au$ bem ©efilbe. SDie SlrtiHerie beiber £eile blieb, meit bie Sfoffe ftcfy bev= laufen, bie -ftacfyt iiber auf bem 2BafyfyIa£e tocrlaffcn fter)en — 10 jugleicfy ber $rei3 unb bie Urfunbe 4 be€ <5ieg§ fiir ben, ber bie 3Sat)lftatt eroberte. 2lber iiber ber (Silfertigfeit, mit ber er toon Sei^ig unb ©ad)fen 2tbfd)ieb nalnn, fcergaf$ ber §erjog toon grieblanb, feinen SInteit baran toon bem <3$Iad)t= felbe abmfyolen. 9tfc§t Iange naa) geenbigtem Xreffen er= 15 fcfyien ba§ ^>appenl)eimifd)e gumboil, ba§ feinem »orau3= cilenben ©eneral nicfyt fanned genug t)atte folgen fonnen, fetf)3 S^egimenter ftarf, auf bem 2Bal)fylai$ ; aber bie Arbeit mar getfyan. SSenige ©tunben fritter miirbe biefe betrdct)tlicr)e ^erftcirfung bie Scfylad;t rt>ar)rfd)einli(f> §um 2>orteil be§ $ai= 20 fer£ entfdneben, unb felbft nod) je£t burcfy ©roberung be§ (Scr)lacf;tfclbe§ bie SIriitterie be3 §er§og£ gerettet unb bie fcbmebifdje erbeutet fyaben. 2lber feine Drbre mar ba, ifyr 3?erl)alten 5 §u beftimmen, unb ju ungemijj iiber ben 2(u§gang ber ©dj>Iad)t, nafym fie 6 ifyren 2Beg nad) Seipjig, mo fie bag 25 §auptf>eer ju finben fyoffte. 64 <$ufta&2HotfinSeutfcf)(attb. SDafyin baite ber ^erjog oon grieblanb feinen ^iicfjug ge= nommen, unb ofme ©eftfm^, obne gabnen unb beinafye ofme atfe 23affen, folgte ibm am anbern 9ttorgen ber gerftreute Uberreft feine§ §eer§. 3^f^ en 2i't|en unb 23eif$enfel* 5 fdBetnt e§, lie|3 £erjog 23ernbarb bie fd>rr>ebifdt)e 2(rmee t>on ben 2(nftrengungen biefe3 blutigen £age3 fia? erbolen, nafye genug an bem tf elb, um jeben SSerfucb be3 geinbe§ jur ©roberung beffelben fogletcb bercitcln ju fonnen. S5on beiben SIrmeen lagen iiber neuntaufenb 9)iann tot auf bem io 2Sa%tyla|e ; nocfy meit grower mar bie 3 a ^ & er 2>ermunbcten, unb untcr ben $aiferlid)en befonber§ fanb fief) !aum (Siner, ber unoerlefct au§ bem ^reffcn ^uriicfgefefyrt mare. £ie ganje ©bene oon Siitjen bi3 an ben g(of$graben mar mit $er= munbeten, mit <3terbenben, mit £oten bebecft. 3>iele toon i 5 bem oornebmften 2lbel maren auf beiben Seiten gefallen; aurf) ber 2I6t toon gulba, 1 ber fief) al§ gufcbauer * n ^ e (Sdblacbt gemifcr)t r)atte, biijjte feine 3^eugter unb feinen un= jeitigen ©faubenSeifer mit bem £obe. 3Son ©efangenen fcfymeigt bie G5efd)icf)te ; ein 23emei3 mefyr fiir bie 23ut ber 20 Slrmeen, bie feinen Carbon 2 gab, ober feinen oerlangte. ^pappenbcim ftarb gleidt) am folgenben 3Tage $u Seipjig an feinen SBunben ; ein unerfe£licfyer SScrluft fiir bag faifer= licbe §eer, ba§ biefer trefflicfye £rieger fo oft jum 6ieg ge= fiibrt batte. — 25 £b man gleicb 3 in alien bfterreicbifcfjen unb fpanifcben Sanben 4 iiber ben erfocbtenen Sieg ba§ STe 2)eum 5 anftimmte, ®uftatt2Ibolfin2)eutfd)!anb. 65 fo geftanb bod; SBallenftetn felbft bur$ bie ©Ufertigfeit, mit ber er Setyjig unb balb barauf gang ©adjfen t>erlie^ unb auf bie 2Binterquartiere in biefem Sanbe Skrgicfyt 1 fyat, bffents Iia) unb laut feine ^teberlage. 3toar *§<** & no$ einen f$mad)en Serfutf), bie @l)re be§ 6ieg§ gleidfyfam im 5^9 2 5 roeggul)afa;en, unb fantfte am anbern s Iftorgen feine ^roaten 3 au3, ba§ (5df)lad>tgefUb gu umfa^roarmen ; aber ber Slnblid be§ fd^roebtfcfjen §eer§, ba§ in <5d)lad)torbnung baftanb, »er= f$eu$te im 2lugenblicf biefe fttidjtigen 6$aren, unb §ergog 33ernl;arb nafym burcfy ©roberung ber 2Bat)Iftatt, auf roelcfye 10 balb nacfyfyer bie (Sinnafyme £ei^ig§ folgte, unbeftriitenen SBefitj Don alien Sftea^ten be3 ©ieger§. 2Iber ein teurer <5ieg, ein trauriger Xriiim^ ! ge|t &ft, nacfybem bie 2©ut be§ £ampfe§ erlaltet ift, empfinbet man bie gauge ©rbfje be§ erlittenen 3SerIufte§, unb bag 3 UD ^9ef$ re i 15 ber ilbernrinber erftirbt in einer ftummen, finftern $er= gtoeiflung. @r, ber fie in ben ©ireit fyerauggefiifyrt fyatte, ift nid)t mtt guru(fgefer)rt. 2)rauf$en liegt er in feiner ge= roonnenen ©a^larfjt, mit bem gemeinen §aufen niebriger £oten oerroedfyfelt. Wad) langem »ergeblid>en ©utfjen ent= 20 betft man enbltdj) ben foniglidfyen Seia^nam, unfern bem 4 grojjen 6teine, ber fa)on lumbert gafyre border 5 gmifdjen bem glojsgraben unb 2ii£en gefefyen morben, aber oon bem mer!= miirbigen UngliicfSfalle biefeS £age§ ben !Ramen be§ 6cr)me= benfteineS fiifyrt. 23on Slut unb SSunben bi§ gum Un!ennt= 25 lichen entftetft, toon ben §ufen ber ^pferbe gertreten unb burcfy 66 ©uftad2tbolfin5)eutfrf)lanb. rduberifcfye §anbe feineS ©cfymudte, feiner $leiber beraubt, ftrirb er unter eirtem §iigel fcon Xotert fyertoorge^ogen, nacfy 28eifsenfel3 gebracfyt, unb bort bem 28efyflagen feiner %vvDp* pen, ben Ie|ten Umarmungen feiner ©emafylin 1 iiberliefert. 5 ©en erften £ribut fyatte bie 9^ a en £um ©iilmopfer 3 ftromen; je^t tritt bie 2 i e b e in ifyre 9^ecf)te ein, unb tnilbe S^ranen fltefjen — urn 4 ben Tl e n f $ e n. ©er allgemeine ©cfymerg fcerf cfylingt 5 jebe§ einjelne Seiben. 3Son bem betdubenben ©cfylag nocfy io befinnung§Io§, ftefyen bie 2Infiit)rer in bumper ©rftarrung urn feine Safyre, unb feiner getraut ft$ nocfy ben gan^en Umfang 6 biefe§ 23erlufte§ ju benlen. NOTES. (67) NOTES. FROM THE GENERAL DIET AT STOCKHOLM TO THE OCCUPATION OF POMERANIA. Introduction. — The first twelve years of the Thirty Years' War: The Bohemians, a large majority of whom were Protestants, exasperated by the intolerance of their king Ferdinand II., who had ordered the closing of two Protestant churches in his territory, revolted, threw two of the imperial coun- cillors out of a window of the palace at Prague {May, 1618), and chose as their king, the Elector-Palatine Friedrich V., son-in-law of James I. of England. War immediately ensued. Friedrich's army was defeated in the battle of the " White Hill " (Nov., 1620), and the " Winter-King," as he was called, for he reigned only one winter, instead of gaining a kingdom, lost his Palatinate, which was taken by the Catholic duke Maximilian of Bavaria. As the seat of the war passed from Bohemia into the Palatinate, the other German states became involved in the struggle. Finally, King Christian IV. of Denmark, who as Duke of Holstein, was a prince of the empire, espoused Friedrich's cause (Jan., 1625). In this crisis, Count (Waldstein or) Wallen- stein volunteered to raise an army for the Emperor (Jtcly, 1625), and to sup- port it from the hostile territory. The magic of his name and the hope of plunder drew adventurers from all sides. He defeated Count Ernest of Mans- feld, an ally of the unfortunate Friedrich V., at the Bridge of Dessau (Apr., 1626), and soon afterwards, Count Tilly, at the head of a Bavarian army, met Christian of Denmark near Lutter, a little town on the northern edge of the Hartz Mountains (Aug., 1626), where the army of the latter was cut to pieces, the king himself barely escaping with his life. Wallenstein then, with 100,000 men, invaded Denmark, forcing Christian to flee to his islands, and finally to sue for peace, which was concluded at Liibeck (May, 1629). Emperor Ferdinand's triumph now appeared complete — Germany lay helpless at his feet. So he ventured to issue the " Edict of Restitution " 70 NOTES. {March, 1629), in order to force the Protestants to restore the church-lands (comp. Note 13, page 15). But in the meantime, Wallenstein's mercenaries had become as obnoxious to the Catholics as to the Protestants, and Ferdinand was induced by the German princes assembled at Ratisbon (June, 1630), to dismiss his generallissimo just at the moment when Gustavus II. Adolphus, king of Sweden, landed with an army on the Baltic coast (June 24, 1630). Page 3. — 1. bie JKcirfj^ocrfammlung, General Diet. 2. gc= fdjaffett (etym., shaped), created; here = thoroughly disciplined, by many a hard-won fight in his previous wars against Russia, Denmark and Poland. 3. CtltC bcffcrc $iricg£fMtft, improved system of -war- fare. — " Gustavus Adolphus, like all great commanders, was an innova- tor in the art of war. To the heavy masses of the enemy he opposed lightness and flexibility. His cannon were more easily moved, his mus- kets more easily handled. In rapidity of fire he was as superior to the enemy as Frederick the Great with his iron ramrods at Mollwitz (1741), or Moltke with his needle-guns at Sadowa (1866). He had, too, a new method of drill. His troops were drawn up three deep, and were capable of manceuvering with a precision which might be looked for in vain from the solid columns of the Imperialists." (from S. R. Gar- diner's "The Thirty Years' War") 4. bie G^fabron' (pronounce as in French!), from Ital. " squadrone " = a body drawn up in a square; the squadron or company of horse, the total strength of which in the European armies ranges from 120 to 200 sabres. 5. JU cbctt bcitt 3tued = ju bemfelhen £totd. 6. bic $u£giingcr (=ba8 gufc t)0ll)=bic Snfontcric. 7. ttJClrfje^ (an arrangement — a prac- tice), which. 8. bic 9lu3ftf)tt>eifung (ex+cess). Page 4. — 1. ahttbcn, rather obsolete for the more modern bc» ft r a f e n. 2. ba§ ©Cgett' = ba§ ,3 e 1 1. — The prefix ®e- is found in many nouns with a force of collectiveness or assemblage, e. g. ba$ Qje= birge = bie 33erge, Diele 33erge; bo§ ©eftlb = oiele gelber ; ba$ ($e= ttolf =? ba% ©eftein =? bag ©efieber =? 3. mit cbcn ber ©orgfalt — compare Note 5, page 3. 4. bcr ^re'bigcr (from Lat., pnedicator; etym., preacher) syn. ber Kaplan'. 5. nngefituftelt (= h n e $ u n ft ), frag rtidjt geternt, fonbcrrt natiirUd) ober angeboren tft. 6. bie ©eete (etym., soul), spirit; befeelen, to inspire. 7, herjhaft (etym., heart -{-having), courageous; bie ^crghaftigfcit =? 8, ttJa3 NOTES. 71 Cr bCttt $etb!)emt ftfjUlMg Mai', what he awed to himself as general, viz., not to expose his life to peril. 9. gcmctlt (etym., common) ; ber ($emcine = ber gemeinc ©otbat. 10. ber ©eift, spirit; begetft = em, to inspire; comp. bcf cclcil, Note 6. 11. $tnnfattb, Finland, now a Russian province, but formerly belonging to Sweden. — ($$ot= laitb, Gothland, the most southern part of Sweden. 12, btC 9lrntUt OXENSTIERNA. poverty; here = his Utile all ; his pittance. 13. fcerfprt^Ctt, syn. tier* giefjen, to shed. Page 5. — 1. ber Stf)nmttg (etym., swing), here fig. = btc 35e= geiftemng (inspiration). 2. gegeuett, supply „I)Ctt" — the auxiliaries haben and fetn are often omitted in dependent clauses. 3. jtt)et (Lat., duo); jtUCtfeln (Lat., duo+bito = dubito; French, douter; Eng., to doubt); ber gttJetfel = ? 4. cr f it; referring to „ber" 72 NOTES. $rieg. 5, au*grcifeu = attatfieren, oppos. fid) oerteibtgcn; cin a\u greifenber $rteg = O f f c tt j i to f rteg, oppos. ein SScrteibigungSfricg = Xef enf in frieg. 6. fclbft (etym., self), here =fo gar', even. 7, ^att^Icr C^CUfttcr'ua, the Swedish Chancellor, Count Axel Oxen- stierna (i 583-1 654), one of the greatest statesmen of his time, was the adviser of Gustavus Adolphus. 8. CittC^ £cfpo'tCtt, referring to Emperor Ferdinand II. 9. crUMrtClt tt)U* . . , inverted condit. con- struct, for luenu ttrir . . . erroarten. 10. t>a§ 9Jlcer, here = bie C (t - fee, the Baltic. 11. euttt)if(!)te 1UI§ . ♦ ♦ , comp. Note 9. 12. hritrbc bie unfrtgc gcfdjlagcn . . . , comp. Note 9. 13. Stralfunb', Strahund, a fortified commercial (or Hanseatic) town of Pomerania, on the coast of the Baltic, opposite the island of Riigen. 14. t§ licgt mil aUt§ fttt . . ♦ , everything depends on . . . 15. bic Cftfcc, comp. Note 10. 16. Comment, Pomerania, now a province of the kingdom of Prussia. Page 6. — 1. hicrbcu wir beficgr, comp. Note 9, page 5. 2. aljo (is never = Eng., " also "), thus ; therefore. 3. ber 3Xngriff bc3 $atferi> (object, genit.) = to attack the Emperor. 4. bcr SOtttfl tlOlt $filtC= Ittarf, Christian IV., King of Denmark, 158S-1648. 5. 592o3'faU = 9ittfjlanb (by " Synecdoche " the capital city is put for the whole land; comp. a fleet of ten sail (== ships) ; a master employing new hands (= workmen). 6. s ,]5olCtt, Poland, where then King Sigismund III. was reigning. 7. bcr 235affettftiUftaub, the truce of the year 1629. 8. fiu'bctf lin'it ^paittburg, two large commercial (or Hanseatic) towns of North Germany. 9. ftf)tt)ebtfd)C3 $Upfcr. — Sweden is famous for her copper-mines near Falun. 10. ber gfurft t)01t SiebCttbiirgeit, Prince Bethlen Gabor of Transylvania, a brother-m-law of Gustavus Adolphus, was a lifelong enemy of the house of Austria. Page 7. — 1. fyattt tibcrftiegett, would have exceeded. 2. ctncit fcftCU &cnt abgcbCU %\\ . . ., to serve as nucleus of... 3. 5J5rcu= fjeit, here = the province of Prussia, in the N.E. extremity of Ger- many, formerly belonging to Poland. 4. ba3 $lorp3 (pronounce — &or), a body (of troops). 5. bie Sattb'mUis' (etym., land-militia), militia. 6. bUttbbriid)tg (etym., bond+breaking),/tfz'////m. Page 8. — 1. ber s J{eirf)3rat f the State- Council, by which the government of Sweden was conducted, composed of the Ministers of Justice and Foreign Affairs and eight councillors, of whom five were NOTES. 73 the heads of different departments. 2. bcr ^fdfjgraf, Johann Casi- mir, the Count-Palatine of //Tr/s-Zweibriicken, was married to Cath- erine, a sister of Gustavus Adolphus. 3, fciltC (tJCIltafylttt, his wife, Marie Eleonore, a princess of Brandenburg and sister of Georg Wilhelm, the reigning Elector of Brandenburg. 4. etugcfcfyrrittft = beftf)rtirtft, limited. 5, fcilt $CIU$ fjeftcUcit, idiom., to set one's house (= earthly affairs) in order. 6. btC 9icid)3tiCrfammlHU0ftt f Count Gustavus of Horn, an able Swedish general. 74 NOTES. 3. ber JJJfjcittgraf (or SSttbgraf), the Rhenish Count, was the title of a count whose estates were on the Rhine; comp. Burger's ballad, 2> e r m i I b c 3 a g e r : „3)er 2BUb= unb 9ft)eingraf ftiefj in§ §orn . . ." 4. ©rof DOtt £f)Urit, Count Matthias of Thitrn, who at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War was the leader of the Bohemian Protestants. 5. SStttt'btffeit, Count Wolf Heinrich Baudissen, of Danish extract, served with distinction under Gustavus Adolphus. 6. 33(imtcr, Johann Banner (or Baner), a celebrated Swedish general. Of him Schiller says : " He was calm in danger, greater in adversity than in prosperity, and never more formidable than 7ohen he was supposed to be on the verge of ruin:' 7. ^UntU^, olcler form for 3Btti 8. JHltbcn, a small island of the Baltic, 36 miles East of Stralsund. It was at one time separated from the larger island of Riigen by a small stream, but in IJ09 a violent storm broke through and formed a channel of con- siderable width between them. 9. 23?oUtu' Ultb U'fcbOttt, two islands in Pomerania, between the outlets of the Haff (or Bay) of Stettin, at the mouth of the Oder. 10. ©tctttlt', capital city of (the former duchy of) Pomerania, on the West or left bank of the Oder, at its mouth in the Haff of Stettin. 11. bte £atfcrlid)cn = bie Slrmee be§ $aifer«. Page 1 1 . — 1. war, had been. 2. gefdjfagen, supply „hatten"; comp. Note 2, page 5. — "The commissioner of the duke of Pomerania had a tale of distress to pour out before the princes assembled at Ratisbon, in 1630. His master's subjects, he said, had been driven to feed upon grass and the leaves of trees. Cases had occurred, in which starving wretches had maintained life by devouring human flesh. Other tales were told, bad enough, if not quite so bad as this, to show the misery of the population of Pomerania." 3. btcfc£ £>er50gtltm, viz., Pomerania. Page 12. — 1. in ftarfen SWarfd)cn = tn ©ifmarfdjen. 2. je* ntanbem ben 2*orfprnng abgettrinncn (to have the advantage over one), to anticipate one. 3. ^Crbinanb — comp. Note 3, page 6. 4. Comp. Note II, page 8. Page 1 3. — 1. itbert)0bC]t fcin with genit., to be spared the neces- sity of 2. l)Cr*Cr3ftf)lett, to relate in detail. 3. 9)lan3felb — Count Ernest of Mansfield (1585-1626), one of the greatest generals of his time, a lifelong enemy of the house of Austria. In 161 8, he was NOTES. 75 chosen general-in-chief of the Bohemian Protestants. In the service of Friedrich V., whom these insurgents had elected king of Bohemia, he fought many battles and defeated the Bavarians in 1622. Having raised another army to attack Austria, he was defeated by Wallenstein, in 1626, and died in the same year, whereupon his troops disbanded. 4. gjjriftiait Him 2}rauufd)U)Ctg, duke Christian of Brunswick (1599- 1626), the Protestant Administrator of the bishopric of Halberstadt, was a dashing and eccentric young general. As an ally of Friedrich V. of Bohemia, he invaded and devastated Westphalia. When he entered the cathedral of Paderborn and saw the silver statues of the twelve apostles around the altar, he cried out : " Why ! What are you doing here? You were ordered to go forth into the world, but wait a bit — I'll send you ! " So he had them melted and coined into dollars, upon which the words were stamped „©otteSfrettttb — 1J$ f a f f C tl= f e i It b." He afterwards gave himself that name, but the soldiers generally called him "Mad Christian." His personal reputation at- tracted all sorts of wild and lawless characters to take service under him, many of whom offered themselves to Gustavus Adolphus after their leader's death. 5. bcr Sltoltig toOlt "SihtClttlirf, Christian IV. King of Denmark, 1588-1648, was chosen in 1625 commander of the army of the Protestants in their war against the allied Austrians and Bavarians. In 1626 he was defeated by Tilly at Lutter, and peace was restored in 1629, whereupon his army broke up. 6. SBaUcitftCttt, Albrecht Count 0/ (Waldstein or) Wallenstein (1 583-1 634), was the son of a poor Bohemian nobleman, and violent and unruly as a youth, until a fall from the third story of a house effected a sudden change in his nature. He became brooding and taciturn, gave up his Protestant faith, and was educated by the Jesuits. He traveled in Spain, France and the Netherlands, fought in Italy against Venice, and in Hungary against Bethlen Gabor (comp. Note 10, p. 6) and the Turks, and rose to the rank of Colonel. He married an old and rich widow, and after her death increased his wealth by a second marriage, so that he was able to purchase sixty confiscated estates of Protestants expelled from Bohemia. Adding these to that of Friedland, which he had received from the Emperor in return for military services, he possessed a small principality, lived in great splendor, and paid and equipped his own troops. He 76 NOTES. was first made Count and then Duke of Friedland with the authority of an independent prince of the empire. Wallenstein was supersti- tious, and his studies in astrology gave him the belief that a much higher destiny awaited him. Soon came the opportunity: in July 1625 he offered to raise and command a second army in the Emperor's ser- vice. Ferdinand accepted the offer with joy, and sent word to Wallen- WALLENSTEIN. stein, that he should immediately proceed to enlist 20,000 men. " My army," the latter replied, "must live by what it can take : 20,000 men are not enough. I must have 50,000 men, and then I can demand what I want." The threat of terrible ravage contained in these words was soon carried out. He defeated Ernest of Mansfeld in 1626 and in- vaded Denmark. To reward him for his services, the Emperor gave him the two duchies of Mecklenburg, in 1628. His pride, rapacity and NOTES. 77 cruelty rendered him so odious that in 1630 Ferdinand was compelled to dismiss him from command at the same time that Gustavus Adolphus entered Germany to light for the Protestant cause. — Wallenstein was tall and meagre in person. His forehead was high but narrow, his hair black and cut very short, his eyes small, dark and fiery, and his complexion yellow. His voice was harsh and disagreeable : he never smiled, and spoke only when it was necessary. He usually dressed in scarlet, with a leather jerkin, and wore a long red feather on his hat. There was something cold, mistrustful and mysterious in his appear- ance, yet he possessed unbounded power over his soldiers, whom he governed with severity and rewarded splendidly. There are few more interesting personages in German history than Wallenstein. 7. fid) bar*ftcflcn, syn. (id) an*Meteti. 8. am fnifcrltdjcn £>ofc = in SBiert. 9. ba§ to^ljertijc mterprte G&IM £>ftemttf)3, (he pride of Austria, extravagantly elated by its unheard-of success. — After the peace of Liibeck, May 12, 1629, in which King Christian of Denmark engaged to meddle no further with the continental affairs, Germany lay power- less at the feet of the Emperor, all the great Protestant leaders having died within a few years. 10. GufOpClt^, old genit. form for „(SuT0pa3." 11. btC Uttgcfd)itfUd)fcit . , . $Ctltbc£, the incapacity of a still weaker enemy, with reference to Gustavus Adolphus' victories over Russia, Poland and Denmark. 12. ClttlDOrfcit, supply „I)Cttte" ; comp. Note 2, page 5. 13. OilttClt (etym. : rods) , strokes with the rod. Page 14.— 1. bc£ ffiOVh§, old genit. form for „be§ SforbertS." 2. WcgCtt^ImrtJ, Jxatishou. — On July 3, 1630, Ferdinand assembled round him the princes and electors at Ratisbon in Bavaria, in the hope of inducing them to elect his son Ferdinand, the King of Hungary, as the "King of the Romans," which was the title of the elected successor in the empire. 3. ttmrbifltctt . . . $htfmcrffamfrtt, disregarded his (== Gustavus Adolphus') representations. 78 NOTES. THE DESTRUCTION OF MAGDEBURG. Moving slowly, and with as much wisdom as caution, Gustavus Adolphus re- lieved Pomerania from the imperial forces by the end of the year 1630. Pie then took Frankfort-on-the-Oder by storm (April, 1631), and forced the Elector of Brandenburg to give him the use of Spandau as a fortress, until he should have relieved Magdeburg, the only German city which had forcibly resisted the Emperor's " Edict of Restitution," and was now being besieged by Tilly and Pappenheim. As the city was hard pressed, Gustavus Adolphus demanded of Johann Georg, Elector of Saxony, permission to march through his terri- tory. It was refused. Page 15. — 1, t>a$ C£r,3&t$tum (is object, not subject), arch- bishopric. 2. SUJttflbcburg, a large and strongly fortified city in the Prussian province of Saxony, on the Elbe, was an ecclesiastical territory previous to 1648. 3. ba3 brattbeitfjurjJtfdjC $ail§, the house of Bran- denburg. — The mark of Brandenburg was an old state of Germany, ruled by the margraves of Brandenburg. These having joined to the electorate the duchy of Prussia, which forms the north-eastern extremity of Germany, the Elector Friedrich III. declared himself King of Prussia in 1701. 4. buret) fctitc SSerMubuttg mtt 2)ancmarf, on account of his alliance ivith Christian IV. of Denmark ; comp. Note 5, page 13. 5. btC iHctd)£ad)f, ban of the empire. 6. ba§ ^omtttpitci, the Chapter, consisting of the canons or prebends, and other clergymen attached to the cathedral church. 7. ba3 (Jrjftift = ba§ GrjbiSturn ; comp. Note 1. 8. poftulteren (to postulate). 9. bcr Sturfiirft turn Satfjfett, Johann Georg, Elector of Saxony. 10. ftfjtmartfthc ^>off= nungett (chimerical hopes). 11. bcr 9(u£fpnsdj be3 Slapttel^, the vote of the Chapter. 12. bic ^Dttfumttj' . . . 9)ittbeNCrbertt, the com- petition of two powerful rivals, referring to the son of the Emperor and the son of the Elector of Saxony. 13. ba3 SKcfHtttttOlt^Cbift. — " On NOTES. 79 March 29, 1629, Emperor Ferdinand II. issued the so-called Edict of Restitution, according to which all church-property that had come into Protestant possession since the Convention of Passau in 1552, was to be returned to the Catholic Church. With a stroke of his pen, the two archbishoprics of Magdeburg and Bremen, the twelve bishoprics of Minden, Verden, Halberstadt, Liibeck, Ratzeburg, Misnia, Merseburg, Naumburg, Brandenburg, Havelberg, Lebus and Camin, with about 1 20 smaller ecclesiastical foundations, were restored to the Catholic clergy." FERDINAND II. SIGNS THE EDICT OF RESTITUTION. Page 16. — 1. bie IHatSttcrfnmmhtng, town-council. 2. Stobt Ultb Uoitb (city and county), Magdeburg and its territory. 3. fet — atttuctC, are both subjunct. of indirect statement. 4. t)OH — in a passive construction — by. 5. In the year 1629, Wallenstein's army had besieged Magdeburg without success for 28 weeks. Page 17. — 1. bic SSkr&cfrcUjctt, liberty of enlisting. 2. bie @Ct|em>erfirf)erttng, promise in return. 3. brt3 i^ritlile'gium, politi- cal privilege, pi., spritritegten; comp. ba% ©tjmnafutm, pi., ©ijmnaften; ba% (Syerctttum, pi., gjrercitien. — Rule ? 4. auf*!jet>ctt, to seize; to 80 NOTES. capture. 5« ^pfltfc, Halle-on-the-Saalc, a town in Prussian Saxony, with a famous university. 6. fat) fid) dergrofjert (reflexive construct, for passive, as often in German) = man jal) C§ grower tt> e r t> e n. 7. bagc'flCH, for the more modern „g e g e n b a \ \ C 1 b e." 8. Ctlt flctttcr $TtCg, a petty warfare ; a guerrilla war. 9. QJraf DOlt ^UppCttljeim, C0«»/ Gottfried Heinrich of Pappenheim (1594-1632), PAPPENHEIM. a famous general of the Thirty Years' War. He was a zealous Roman Catholic. After he had served with distinction in the army of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, he entered the service of Emperor Ferdinand II., in 1630, as field-marshal. The victory of the Imperialists at Magde- burg, in 1 63 1, was ascribed to him. In 1632, he commanded a corps under Wallenstein, and was killed at the battle of Lutzen, in November of that year. " The wild, impetuous fire of Pappenheim's tempera- NOTES. 81 ment, which no danger, however apparent, could cool, or impossibili- ties check, made him the most powerful arm of the imperial force, but unfitted him for acting at its head. — On his forehead, two red streaks, like swords, were perceptible, with which nature had marked him at his very birth; and superstition easily persuaded itself that the future destiny of the man was thus impressed upon the forehead of the child." {Schiller). 10. (5ad)fClt=£aUCltlmrg, the former duchy of Saxe-Lau- enburg, now a part of the Prussian province of Holstein. '"'EbSXV Page 18. — 1. Xtflt), Count Johann of Tilly (1559-1632), a celebrated commander, born in Belgium. Having served with distinc- tion first in the Spanish and then in the Imperial armies, in 1609 he entered the army of Maximilian, duke of Bavaria. Soon after the breaking out of the Thirty Years' War he was appointed to the chief command of the army of the Catholic League, and in 1620 gained a signal victory over the Protestants. Having been made field-marshal, he succeeded Wallenstein as commander-in-chief of the Imperial troops 82 NOTES. in 1630, and in May 1 63 1 took Magdeburg by storm. In September of the same year he was defeated by Gustavus Adolphus in the battle of Breitenfeld, and a second time at the Lech, in 1632, where he was mortally wounded. — Tilly was a small, lean man, with a face almost comical in its ugliness. His nose was like a parrot's beak, his forehead seamed with deep wrinkles, his eyes sunk in their sockets and his cheek-bones projecting. He usually wore a dress of green satin, with a cocked hat and long, red feather, and rode a small, mean-looking gray horse. 2. ba£ v Jfcftttutt0tt3cbtft, comp. Note 13, page 15. 3. btC Glbforiitfc, bridge across the Elbe on which Magdeburg is situ- ated. 4. btC ttJCitlaitfifltC (= toeitlailfige) j$cftltltg, extensive fortifica- tions. 5. Subcntntrg, southwestern suburb of Magdeburg. 6. s )lt\\ ftdbt, northeastern suburb of Magdeburg. 7, SrfjiJttebctf, town in Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 10 miles S.E. of Magdeburg. Page 19. — 1. bcr $rmere = ber Strme, poor man. 2. anf*= ttJdljcn syn. auf*b it r b e it. 3. fcinc ^icucrfdjaft fdjttftc, sent (hired) substitutes. 4, fiti) giitltd) tfyltClt, to enjoy ones life. 5. ber (gilt fatj' = bie SBefretung toon ber 93elagentng. 6. fo fejjr man, no matter how much. Page 20. — 1. bcr Sct^tgcr $Ultb, the great Protestant assembly held at Leipsic, in March, 1 631. The Protestant Estates represented there agreed to levy soldiers in order to be prepared for whatever might happen. 2. ber Ubergabe toegctt — the preposition luegeit may either precede or follow its case. 3. bcr 31bminiftva' tor = Christian Wilhelm of Brandenburg — bcr ^ommattbattt / = Dietrich von Falken- berg. 4. bcS SiOUtg3, viz., Gustavus Adolphus'. 5. *J§0tdbam, a Prussian town, 17 miles S. W. of Berlin. 6. $crbft, a town in the principality of Anhalt-Dessau, 22 miles S. E. of Magdeburg. 7. btC ^clagcrcr (act) = ? btc ^elagcrtcn (pass.) = ? 8. btc 9tWro'tf)cn (franco].), approaches, works thrown up by the besiegers to protect them in their advances towards a fortress. Page 21. — 1. = ungeadjtct be§ 33ombarbieren8 — comp. Note 2, page 20. 2. trcffUdjC ©egCttanftoltCtt, effective {means of) pre- caution. 3. ftcigt (present tense) — Notice the change of tenses from the past into the present tense, the latter rendering the narrative more vivid. 4. bie Stittfc (lit., pieces) syn. bie $anonen. 5. olfo — comp. NOTES. 83 Note 2, page 6. 6. eirt Stager auf*hcbcn = ab*bred)ert. 7. ber (^CttCr al'ftttrm, general assault. Page 22. — 1. bic 2>rcfd)C (etym., breach). 2. 3Raaftrid)t, a fortified town of Holland, one of the strongest fortresses in Europe. In 1579, it had been for some time besieged by the Spaniards, when a soldier accidentally discovered one night, that all the sentinels within the town were fast asleep. Hereupon a general assault was ordered, and before daybreak the town was in the hands of the Spaniards. 3. bic 9teuftcibtiftf)en 2$erfe = SBefeftigungen, comp. Note 6, page 18. 4. em abhtinniocr JBSaU, sloping rampart. 5. 511 flatten fommcit, to favor an attempt. 6. bcr crftc = als bcr crfte. 7. ^alfcnbcra,, — comp. Note 3, page 20. Page 23. — 1. ift (pres. tense) — comp. Note 3, page 21. 2, fcinc = be§ gfeinbeS. 3. unangcflriffcn (un+attacked), supply „fmb." 4. in bcr Staitt = im Centrum bcr ©tabt. 5, bcr §autot> armee (dative) = f ii r bte ^cntptarmee. Page 24. — 1. c^ = ,M*" guftbolf. 2. aufgepf(ait$tc3 ©e* ftfiiitj, planted cannons. 3. an*bcfch(cu = oefehlen. 4. Tittt) gab jid) ntd)t bic 9JJi'lhC, Tilly did not even make the attempt to recommend mercy to his soldiers. — Recent historians, and foremost of all Leopold von Ranke in his " History of Wallenstein" page 149, have been anx- ious to prove that Tilly was not personally responsible for the horrors of that day; he had nothing to gain by the destruction of Magdeburg, and he had everything to gain by saving it as a basis of operations for his army. 5. fchtc3 = feilt (Srbarmeil, no mercy. 6. bic SBauYncn, I Id/loons, the descendants of the old Gallic Belgie of Caesar's time, who occupy now the greater part of Belgium, Western Luxembourg and a few villages in Rhenish Prussia. — As to the etymological relation between SSaUonen = Galls (m = g[u]) compare: S&ithclm = Lat., Guilelmus, Fr., Guillaume; SBirreit (Eng., war) = Fr., guerre; 2Bd(jd)lanb = Gallic land; Eng., ward = Fr., guard; Eng., warrantee= Fr., guarantie, etc. 7. auf*gchcn = fid) bffnett. 8, bic ftroa'tcn, Croats, soldiers of Croatia, the most rapacious and cruel soldiers of the Austrian army. 9. Cttte SSurtjefjClte, scene of carnage. 10. bcr ^Bittfet (etym., pencil) = ? 11, bttS WChrlofc ©Cfd)tcd)t, the defence- less sex. 12. blot = nur ; aHein. 13. cincr bobbcltcn , , , bienen, to fall victim to the double sacrifice of virtue and life. 84 NOTES. Page 25. — 1. nod) fo berborgeit, no matter how obscure. 2, ftraucn^fcerfonen or grauenjimmer, -women. 3. ligutfttfd)e Dffi- gtetC, officers of the {Catholic) League. — When in May 1608 the Protestant princes of Germany formed the (Protestant) Union, the Catholics soon after established the League, with Duke Maximilian of Bavaria as their leader. 4. fief) UittcrftcIjCtt, to venture. 5. bd$ @e= brange (etym., throng) =? 6. flejurfte (or ge$ucfte) Srhroertcr, flashing swords. Page 26. — 1. toe Siguc (or £iga) — comp. Note 3, page 25. 2. UUD btC bltltbc . . . bctrctdjtCH, and compared -with the pitiless bar- barity of the Lmperialists, they were regarded as guardian angels. 3. fltehett (verb intrans.) — fliirijtcn (transitive) = ? 4. bentm= trrcitb (erring-f-around), wandering about. 5. rtiuitteil (to make room), to clear. 6. tt)05 (what) for „a\\t, bic/' all those -who — neuter sing, for masc. and fern, plu., as often in German. Page 27. — 1. toe^OmfirtfjC, the cathedral-church of Sts. Maurice and Catharine, built 1 208-1 363, a splendid edifice, with the tombs of Emperor Otto the Great and his wife Editha. 2. ^arboit' (franjof.), pardon; quarter. 3. ba3 Te Deillll — (from the first words " Te Deum laudamus " = " We praise thee, O Lord"), is the title of a celebrated Latin hymn of praise, usually ascribed to St. Ambrose (340-397 A. D.). It is sung on particular occasions, as on the news of victories and on high festival days in Roman Catholic churches. 4, £roja, Troy, is supposed to have been destroyed by the Greeks about the year 1184 B. C. 5. ^scruftttcm was taken and destroyed by Titus in the year 70 A. D. 6. buubc^Derrocmbt = oer= biinbet, allied. 7. biliig, impartial; bcr SBtUigftc = ber btuigjt Sertfenbe. 8. be£ $olfc3 = be§ beutfdjen SBolfcS. 9. bic ©d)ui?= frfjrtft = 33erteibiguttg§ fcbrift (written apology), printed justifi- cation. NOTES. 85 THE BATTLE OF BREITENFELD. Gustavus Adolphus had been blamed, especially by the admirers and de- fenders of the Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony, for not having saved Magdeburg. This he might have done, had he disregarded the neutrality asserted by both of them ; but as he had been bitterly disappointed at his reception by the Protestant prince?, he could not trust them, and was not strong enough to fight Tilly with possible enemies in his rear. In fact, Georg Wilhelm of Brandenburg immediately ordered him to give up the fortress of Spandau and leave his territory. Then Gustavus Adolphus did what he should have done at first : he planted his cannon before Berlin, and threatened to lay the city in ashes. This brought the Elector to his senses; he agreed that his fortresses should be used by the Swedes, and contributed 30,000 dollars a month towards the expenses of the war. So many recruits flocked to the Swedish standard that both Mecklenburgs were soon cleared of the imperial troops, the banished dukes restored, and an attack by Tilly upon the fortified camp of the Swedes near Werben-on-the-Havel (July, 1631) was repulsed with heavy losses. Page 28.— 1, bag Soger jn 233erben, entrenched camp at Werben, where the Havel joins the Elbe. 2. SOtctflcitbwg. — In May 1629, Mecklenburg had been given to Wallenstein by the Emperor. " Offence was thus given to those who believed that the rights of territorial sovereignty had been unduly invaded, and who were jealous of the right claimed by the Emperor to supersede by his own authority a prince of the empire in favor of a successful soldier." 3. ^pet^OJJ 9U>0lf ^riebrid), of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 4. oetbe ^>Cr50(|C f both dukes, viz., Adolf Friedrich of M.-Schwerin and Johann Albrecht of M.-Gustrow. 5. ©itftrott) (pronounce = @iiftro), the capital city of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Giistrow, where Wallenstein resided in 1629-1630. 6. bcr 2ottbgrof twit £effen=£affef f Wilhelm, the land- grave of Hesse- Cassel, was the first of the German princes to come 86 NOTES. voluntarily into the camp of Gustavus Adolphus. 7, Oon fretcn (rtiirfcn = frcitnittig. Page 29. — 1. feincn ctgcncn, supply „aUc, comp. Note 5, page 17. 4, crinncrt man fid), condit. construct. = roenn man fid) . . . ertnnert. 5. bic ^cnfung^ art = bie s 43oIittf. 6. bic din'gebung, persuasion. 7. beftodjcn, bribed. 8. fdbft Ollf UltfoftCtt, even at the expense. 9. fettte IjcUtgftCU 4?f(ili)tCtt, his most sacred obligations, towards his land and his subjects. 10. bic $htnft = biplornatifd)e $unft, diplomacy. 11. gcwaIttJ)atige^ $crfal)ren, violence. 12. Ieid)t 511 lenfcnb, easily led. Page 32. — 1. t$ ift mir bornm 511 ttjun, I have an object in view. 2. gor = fogar, even. 3. cin furcfjtbarcr $cinb, referring to NOTES. 87 Gustavus Adolphus. 4. ebcn bicfe3 getbberni = b cf f elbe tt ^ e ^ = Ijerni. 5. £yoI)amt ®corg', comp. Note 9, page 15. 6. Don 3trn= Ijciltt (or 2trnim), Johann Georg of Amim-Boitzenlmrg, 1586-1641, field-marshal of the Saxon army, one of the most distinguished men during the period of the Thirty Years' War, both as a general and as a diplomatist. 7. UcrftcUtCV ilflltjitttt, disguised indifference. Page 33. — 1. tit ijftcrrcidjtfdjcm ©Olbc, in the pay of Austria; comp. Note 7, page 31. 2, fcittC Sfrttice', his (= the Emperor's) ar?7iy. 3. bic ftcftnitg SBtttCUbcrg, the fortified town of Wittenberg on the right bank of the Elbe. — Up to the year 181 7, it had a famous university, with which at one time Martin Luther was connected as professor. It is often called "The Cradle of the Reformation." — Why? 4. £orgUU f the fortified town of 7'orgau, on the left bank of the Elbe. Page 34.— 1. Hon, comp. Note 4, page 16. 2. ba£ Wl% trnuCU . , , fommCU UJOUtc, the distrust which was shown, to myself when I was about to relieve Magdeburg. 3. bic foaKtfrfjC $orftabt, the northwestern suburb of Leipsic. Page 35. — 1. cittforocu (to dis-(-color) = btafj rccrben. 2. bcr jhirfiirft Hon SBranbcnbnrg, comp. Note 3, page 8. 3. bie SSolfe, cloud — umwblfcn =? 4. cine ftronc (=$ontg8?rone), viz., that of Sweden. 5. 3tt>Ct StttrhittC (hats \crowns\ of two Electors), viz., of Brandenburg and of Saxony. 6. CUtC od)an$C (etym., chance). 7. Juitrbc ftC . . . gejtchert fcitt, it (=my crown; my kingdom), would at least be safe from the worst consequences of a defeat. Page 36. — 1. wo aber . . , elliptic for: mo ift aber . . . gu ft nb en? 2. i>a§ Xrcffcn = bie ©djlacht 3, ba§ £anb, plu., bic £cinber (countries) and bie Sanbe {provinces). 4. 5U)ci befd)toer= lid)C 51rmceit, two oppressive armies, viz., the Imperial and the Swedish armies. 5. bnlbmbglidjft = fobatb aid mogltdj. 6. fcinc alten 1'orbccrn, no former laurels. 7. bct*trctcn (to AC-f cede). 8, ©c= lieral' 5Utrtngcr (or Sllbringer), General Altringer, was born in Luxemburg, of an obscure family. From a common soldier in the Austrian army, he rose gradually to the highest rank; after the death of Tilly in 1632, he was made field-marshal. 9. (general Xtcfcttbad), General Tiefeubach's corps lay in garrison in Silesia, to protect that 88 NOTES. province against the Swedes ; compare ©d)iHcr§ „2S alien ft einS 8 a g e x," 10. Sluftritt; „2a% fie gehen, finb £iefenbad)er . . ." 10. bte 9)llllba (or SJhtlbe), a river of Saxony and Prussia, rises in the Erzge- birge, and, after a N. course of 130 miles, joins the Elbe on the left, at Dessau. 11. ba§ ttltgeftitme 9lltl)alteit, impetuous requests. Page 37. — 1. aBafyreit unb Sinbcnrljal, two villages N. W. of Leipsic. 2. SBreitCltfclb, a village about 5 miles N. of Leipsic. Near this village, Sept. 7, 1 83 1, a battle-monument was erected with the in- scription : „@uftan Slbolf, e$rift unb £ett>, Stettete bet SBreitenfelb ©lauben§frcif)eit fur bie SBelt." 3. (eftreidjett, to sweep. 4. bie £ot)Cr, name of a small stream. 5. \a f'eine igdjladjt — „\a" strengthens the following „fetne" @d)lad)t, by no means to engage in a battle. 6, ba$ Srcffctt, here = bte ©d)lad)tlinte— comp. Note 2, page 36. 7. bie 23>eubmtg = bag SUJiano'rjer. Page 38.— 1. bcr 9lu3gang (ex+it), syn. bas (inhe; ba$ 9?efuttat. 2. bcr (fadjfifdjc) ^yclbmarfrfjaU, comp. Note 6, page 32. 3. gegen 9lbcnb = gegen 25 eft en. 4. itbcrflugelH, to outflank. 5. i>a$ (Sebict, the range. 6, ba3 Wlittti = ba% ©entrant or bie mate. Page 39. — 1. nbcr ware autf), condit. construct, for „aber roenn and) eine 2)iittion . . . mare." 2. urn . . . ttnUctt, for the sake of; beffent = beffen, whose. 3. bte siuei grujHeu £>eerfiif)rcr, re- ferring to Gustavus Adolphus and Tilly. 4. bcibc ^palftctt t>0tt 2)eutjd)Ianb, viz., the Protestant and Catholic Germany. 5. bie 3lljU= bttttj = Slljnung, foreboding. 6. bcr ($Ctft (etym., ghost), shade; spectre. 7. doii Wbcub = Don 2B e ft e it. 8. frtfd) bcatferr, newly ploughed. 9. an^gebijrrt (dried), parched. 10. ©efilbe, comp. Note 2, page 4. Page 40. — 1. fid) Wtebcr bcfiltncn, A? recover one's senses. 2. GtlCttburg, a town of Prussian Saxony, I 7 miles N. E. of Leipsic. 3. ft(Utb*i)altC!t, to maintain one's ground. 4. bie $r00 tCU, comp. Note 8, page 24. 5. bie geitMtg (etym., tiding) = ? 6, 9Jiund)CU, Munich, the capital city of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, the leader of NOTES. 89 the Catholic League. 7. 293ten, Vienna, the capital city of Austria. 8. (general SBamter', comp. Note 6, page io. 9. fid) entbecfte for entbetft ID U r b e , reflex, for pass, construct. Page 41. — 1» fcinc Sruppen, his (= Gustavus Adolphus') soldiers. 2. ba§ SQattpttovpg, main body (of his army). 3. ba£ ItiC iiocrrtmnbctlC ^>CCr r //m hitherto invincible army. — After 36 victories, Tilly met his first defeat at Breitenfeld. 4. rjrrtUC, erfat)rc:tC SolbatCtt, old, experienced soldiers. 5, in Jjcfdjloffctteu (SHte&Cttt, closing their ranks. Page 42. — 1. bie ©tnrmgtotfc, alarm-bell. 2. ^ta'lieit, — Simultaneously with his troubles in Germany, the Emperor had also been engaged in a war with France, which was fought in Italy and was con- cluded by the treaty of Cherasco, April 16, 163 1, whereupon an Im- perial force of 20,000 men returned from Italy to join the army of Tilly. 3. ba$ Ungcfttljr, syn. bcr 3 u f°^ 4. cm JRittmcifter, a captain of horse — of the regiment " Rheingraf " (comp. Note 3, page 10), known by the name „ber lemge §rit^." Page 43. — 1. Hjn = ben 9ttttmetfter. 90 NOTES. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN SOUTHERN GERMANY. PASSAGE OF THE LECH. The splendid victory of Breitenfeld restored the hopes of the Protestants everywhere. Duke Bernhard of Weimar, an honest, brave man and famous military leader, had joined Gustavus Adolphus before the battle. Johann Georg of Saxony consented to march into Bohemia to help the crushed Prot- estants there, while the Swedish army advanced through Central Germany to the Rhine. Tilly in the meantime gathered together the scattered Imperial forces left in the North, and followed Gustavus Adolphus, vainly endeavoring to check him. The latter took Wurzburg (Oct., 163 1), defeated Tilly and duke Charles of Lorraine (Nov., 1631), took Mayence (Dec, 1631) and entered Frankfort- on-the-Main in triumph. Here he fixed his winter-quarters, and allowed his faithful Swedish troops the rest which they so much needed. His wife, Queen Marie Eleonore, had joined him: he held a splendid court at Frankfort, and required the German princes whom he had subjected to ac- knowledge themselves his dependents. The rest of the winter, 1631-32, was given up to diplomacy rather than war. In the early spring of 1632, Gustavus Adolphus reorganized his army and set out for Bavaria against duke Maxi- milian. On March 21, he entered Nuremberg. Page 44. — 1. iue s J{etd)3ftabt, free city of the empire. 2. 5Jiim= I) Crg, Nuremberg, an old and famous town of Central Franconia, be- longs now co the kingdom of Bavaria. It was the home of poetry, art and industry in the Middle Ages, and a stronghold of Protestantism during the religious war. Here lived such men as Albrecht Diirer, the painter, Hans Sachs, the shoemaker-poet, Peter Vischer, famous by his monumental cast-works, Wilibald Pirkheimer, the poet, his- torian and diplomatist. 3, bcr 9lttftattb, carriage ; appearance. 4. bcr 23 c It, the Great and the Small Belt are two straits, forming the central and western communication between the Baltic and the Categat; here, however, used for "the Baltic:'' 5. bcr Xhotcneifcr, zealous activity. 6. ^OttauifliJrtl), a walled town of Bavaria, on the Danube. NOTES. 91 Page 45. — 1. tltS 2Bcr! rtdjtCtt, to effect; to accomplish. 2. bct§ jeitfcittgc Ufer, i. e. the southern or right bank of the Danube. 3. ber 2ed)ftront r a river of Southern Germany, the Tyrol and Bavaria. It rises in the Alps, and after a northern course of 140 miles joins the Danube, 26 miles N. of Augsburg. 4. 9)JagimUtttlt f Duke of Bavaria, comp. Note 3, page 25. 5. 91ug3bttrg, an old and famous free city of the empire, in Bavaria, at the angle formed by the junction of Wertach and Lech. 6. i. e. to enter into an alliance with Gustavus Adolphus. 7. bat)rifd) (or bairtftf)), Bavarian. 8. bic SBaffeit (etym., weap- ons), arms; bie 23eroafjnung, arming; bte GntttmffttMtg (dis+arm- ing) = ? Pag© 46. — 1. rjegemtfier — this preposition usually follows its case. 2. tttt SDiarjIUOltot — a chronological error, since the passage of the Lech took place April 5, 1632. 3. ttjro'ltfd), Tyrolean; the Lech rises in the Vorarlberg Alps. 4. ttmgfynljtrj (lit., risking one's neck), hazardous; foolhardy. 5. fccr <3d)lMtb, here = mouth. 6. CXtlOtytt cr, condit. construct. = roerm er bcnnod) . . . ertrot^te. 7. geiren (or gefteitb) IttfldjClt, to urge, to bring to bear. Page 47.— 1. ba§ 2&ort futjrcn = fiir bie cutberrt fpredjeu. 2. Ijdtten rotr gejet^t, a rather peculiar form of the potential subjunc- tive = is it possible that after we have crossed : . . 3. btC 33efid)tigUtt(J = 9?ecogno§cie'mng. 4, mcrfltd) (etym., re-f-markably). 5. fid) fritmmcn = einen SBinfet bilbcn. 6. btt£ gdbftitrf = bie tato'ne. 7. bcr ^attttof (steam), here used for bei* 9taild) or ber Oualm, smoke. 8. tit cittern fort r syn. beftanbig ; forttnaljrenb. 9. ba§ auf = ftCtgcnbc 2Bcrf, rising fortifications. 10. bte ^tlttmcragt (etym., timber+axe) =? Page 48. — 1. beg tfjrutcn = i I) r e § lifers. 2. bte 2$crfc (bulwarks). 3. ba§ ftaltonctt' (or bie g? altau'xie), falconet can- non. — "Falconets" were small cannons, the word being derived from Lat., falco = a falcon, as it was common in former days to give the names of birds of prey to guns and other firearms. Thus bte 9ft It 8 = fYte, from "musket," originally the name of the "sparrow-hawk." 4. 3Utrtngcr, comp. Note 8, page 36. Page 49. —1. s JJcuburrj Uttb gngolftabt, two towns of Bavaria, on the Danube, east of the Lech. 2. ber $at)Cr = ber §erjog toon 92 NOTES. 23at)era. 3, bie (Stutffugcl = $anonenfugeI. 4. bem 3odje cnt= rei^en, to free from. — The inseparable prefix ettt denotes removal and separation, thus answering the Eng. prepos. from. 5. t>tT ^Utfurft, Elector. — After the defeat of Friedrich V. of Bohemia, in the battle of the " White Hill " near Prague, in 1620, his land, the Palatinate, and electoral dignity had been bestowed upon Duke Maximilian of Bavaria. Page 50. — 1. bic Garten (Lat., manes), shades of the dead. 2. s J{egett3bttrg, Ratisbon in Bavaria. Schlacht be! Lufzto 6, Nov., 7632. /Caiserliche , "— " ™" ^.G.SoKU*\ev 94 NOTES. THE BATTLE OF LUTZEN. DEATH OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. After Tilly's defeat and death in April, 1632, the Swedes conquered the whole of Bavaria, while the Saxon army entered the capital of Bohemia. The Protestants were triumphant everywhere. At this juncture the Emperor turned again to Wallenstein, who alone seemed capable to cope with the Swedish conqueror. Already in December, 163 1, a few months after the battle of Breitenfeld, Wallenstein had, upon Ferdinand's request, organized a new army of 40,000 men, without accepting the generalship. In April, 1632, however, after Tilly's death, he placed himself at the head of this army and at once turned upon the Saxons, whom he drove out of Bohemia, and having accomplished this, he marched against Nuremberg, where Gustavus Adolphus had concentrated his forces. The Swedes were ready for battle, but soon Wallenstein fell back upon his old tactics of refusing battle, except when he had a manifest superiority of numbers. Want of supplies made it impossible for Gustavus Adolphus to remain longer than ten weeks at Nuremberg. As soon as he was gone {Sept. 8, 1632), Wallenstein broke up his camp, and throwing himself northwards, he marched into Saxony. Gustavus Adolphus followed him closely, and in the beginning of November, 1632, he was oppo- site the Imperial camp at Liitzen, near Leipsic. Page 5 1 . — 1. for 28eif?ettfel3 — Sct^tg — Sit^eu — mazh raitftfibt — £eti? — 9Rerfeburg, see Map of the battlefield of Liitzen. 2. ber ftlofatabzn = ber hartal'. 3. bic (Sifter, see Map. 4. bie <£aah, see Map. 5. 233aHeitftetU, at the head of the Imperial army. 6. $elbftittfe = $artonert. Page 52. — 1, bcftrctdjCtt (to scour or rake with shot), to sweep (said of a battery). 2. ber 9Jhtnttt0lt3tt)agett (ammunition-wagon). 3. ba3 2reffcn = bie @d)lad)tlinie. 4. ber Sroftjunge (camp-fol- lower); stable-boy. 5. ber £tted)t, sutler ; groom. 6. bte happen- Jjeimftijett golfer (= $rieg«Oi)lfer), General Pappenheim's troops.— NOTES. 95 On Nov. 5th, Wallenstein had sent Pappenheim with 10,000 men to attempt a diversion on the Rhenish bishoprics, ordering him to seize Halle on the way. As soon as Gustavus Adolphus heard of Pappen- heim's departure, he hastened to attack Wallenstein. 7. cm cbeit bicfcm (= bemfelben) 2Uienb, Nov. 5th, 1632. 8. toet iici^tjj or 23mtenfel&, Sept. 7, 1631. 9. ©raf toon JBralje, Count Nils Brake, BERNHARD OF WEIMAR. who was mortally wounded in this battle. 10, 23cntf)arb toOlt 28ctmav, Duke Bemhard of Weimar (1604-1639), who, after Gus- tavus Adolphus, was the ablest g3neral of his time. He succeeded to the command of the Swedish army after the king's death at Liitzen. Page 53. — 1. alf = f ; auf btefc SBeife. 2. ©nrotocnS, comp. Note 10, page 13. 3. \VX Sagcr toor j^itmoerg, in the camp at 96 NOTES. Nuremberg, July-Sept. 1 632. 4. ^ttJCi foltf)C ftclbfjerreit, viz., Gus- tavus Adolphus and Wallenstein. 5, fcituett Icljrcit, to make known. 6. am £ctf)ftrOttt, in the battle at the Lech, April, 1632. 7. bet fictfyug, comp. Note 8, page 52. 8. b(t3 ©Cltic' (pronounce as in French!), military genius. 9. ^ricblaitb, Duke of Friedland (b C r grieManber) = SSattenfieitt, 10. bic ©roftc be3 $rcife3 aufttJagett, to compensate for the high price at which he had been purchased. — Wallenstein gave his consent to accept the command once more, on condition that the Emperor should subscribe to an agreement which practically made Wallenstein the lord and Ferdinand the subject. The Emperor gave the two duchies of Mecklenburg to Wallenstein, and promised him one of the Habsburg states in Austria; he gave him the entire disposal of all the territory he should conquer, and agreed to pay the expenses of his army. Moreover, all appointments were left to Wallenstein, and Ferdinand pledged himself that neither he nor his son should ever visit the former's camp. Page 54. —1. tt)cd)feltcit . . . burdjflammtcn, under every corslet beat the same emotions that inflamed the hearts of the generals. 2. gcnufe (etym.,y-wis), certain. 3. feme = be3 $einbe§. 4. cut rtil)rcubC£» iitcb. — The whole Swedish army united in singing Luther's grand hymn „(§ i n' f e ft e S3 U r g t ft U It j C r © 1 1 . . ." (" Our Lord He is a Tower of Strength".) 5. btC ^Clbtttttftf = 2Mitar'ttmftf, martial music. 6. ber ©otter (or Poller), from Lat. " collarium," a doublet, jacket. 7. nhltbUUgsDoUcr (or ahltungeDOtter) SBttfCtt, forebod- ing heart. 8. ba$ 233ort = ber ©cfrladjtruf; ba$ $rieg§gefd)rei. 9. bet ^JCrjog, viz., Duke of Friedland = Wallenstein. 10, itbcr= ffitgcut, comp. Note 4, page 38. 11, bic Sofuttg = ba& ©igttal gur ©d)lacf)t. 12. ba$ gupolf = bie Snfanterte. Page 55. — 1. uott . . . enujfrutgcu, received by . . . 2. ba§ grobe ©cffJ)U^ (great guns). 3. bic Sdattaillo'nt (pronounce = 23ataijo'ne). 4. bte fctltblid)Ctt attltSfette're, of the Imperial army. 5. friebltinbtfd), comp. Note 9, page 53. 6. ber ^er^og, duke = Wallenstein. 7. fcittCItt 2Jlad)ttt>ort gdittgt C3, by his powerful word he succeeds. 8, ber ttalje geittb = bie 9£al)e beS geinbeS. 9. $rift (=3ett) pr Sabuttg (=jittn i'abcn ber ©etrjefyre). 10. ba§ $cttcr= roljr (lit., fire+barrel) = ba% ©ett>el)r; bie 9ftu§fete. NOTES. 97 Page 56.— 1. fhlltlftltbifd), comp. Note n, page 4. 2. bic itbrigc 9icttcrct, the rest of the cavalry (of Wallenstein's army). 3, Ijuttcrbrtngctt, syn. mtt*tei(ett; rapportterert. 4, brt3 Stcu= borfifdje JKcgitttCnt', so called in honor of the Swedish field-marshal Gustav Otto Stenbock. 5. bic ItuorbttUttg (dis-j- order). 6. $r(Ut5 9UbCft, Francis Albert, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, by some suspected to have murdered Gustavus Adolphus (comp. Note 8, page 57). 7. btofj, uncovered; bie $tof?e (weakness), weak point. 8. feitt furled ©efirfjt (his short sight) = feitte ^ur^ftcfitigfeit. 9, ein @e- freiter (etym., one freed, viz., from doing duty as a sentinel), (a lance- corporal), a corporal. 10, aUt§ for afie, comp. Note 6, page 26. Page 57. — 1. an*fcf)lagcn = ba§ ©eroefir att*Iegert, to aim at. 2. bctt, here = b i e f e It or \ e it e It , therefore with emphasis. 3. fd)(tffcit, here = bring en; fithren; begleiten. 4. mcbcr+fchlagcnb (de+pressing) = ? 5. ftttfje ttttt, just try! 6. fctlt Icbtgc^ s Jio%, his riderless horse. 7. fie, referring to „9?eitem" (it), they. 8. bcttt f^eiltbe Ctttret^eit, to snatch from; comp. Note 4, page 49. — Upon the testimony of a trustworthy eye-witness, a young German nobleman by the name of Leubelfing, the son of Col. Leubelfing of Nuremberg, the following is known regarding the death of Gustavus Adolphus : Being near when the king fell, and seeing that his charger, wounded in the neck, had galloped away, Leubelfing dismounted and offered him his horse. The king stretched out his hands to accept the offer, and the page attempted to lift him from the ground, but was unable. In the meantime some Imperial cuirassiers, attracted to the spot, demanded who the wounded man was. Leubelfing refused to answer, but Gus- tavus Adolphus himself exclaimed : " I am the King of Sweden," when he received four gun-shot wounds and two stabs, which quickly released him from the agony of his broken arm, the bone of which had pierced the flesh and protruded. — It is known that from the very beginning Gustavus Adolphus' death was ascribed not to an enemy's ball, but to assassination, which was supposed to have been committed by Duke Francis Albert of Saxe-Lauenburg. This charge rests on the idle talk of the excited multitude, for it was never earnestly made by those who stood nearest, and the historians do not attach any importance to it : Gustavus Adolphus fell in no other way than by shots of the enemy in the 98 NOTES. turmoil of battle. (Compare : Conrad Ferdinand Meyer's novelette : © U ft a rj %. b 1 f § $ a g C , edited by Prof. O. Heller, Boston, 1893.) Page 58. — 1. t»ie Sdjrctfcn^poft = fdjrerflidje 9fadjrid)t. 2. ertoten — tot ntcidjen. 3. xm $rcife fallen, to lessen in value. 4. np(rmbtfdj = au$ bcr frhtoebifdjen ^ro&tnj „Ufctanb." 5. fmalan bifd) = cms bcr fdjrocb. $rooing „@ma(cmb." (5. finntfd) = ftnnlcinbifdj ; corop. Note ii, page 4. 7. 0)U Ultb JUCftflOttfrf) = ait§ bon fdjroeb. ^robingen ©ft* [imb SSeftgotlanb. 8. ^cr^og Scrnfjarb toon 2£ctmar, comp. Note 10, page 52. 9, bet* ©etft (etym., ghost), genius; spirit; mind. — Here=? 10. CV, referring to bet* liltfe Jvliiget. 11. fcinc, referring to ber Utile ^litget. 12. tm*fc$cit = bor*bringen; bor*gefoen; atoancteren. Page 59. — 1. tl)rc 91teber(age, their defeat, referring to „bic frhroereit SBatatttone beg fcinblidjen 2ftittcfpunft8." 2. wahnt ftd) = gtaubt ftd); benft ftd). 3. £alfc, comp. Note 5, page 17. 4. anf*= fiftcn, syn. fatteht. 5. fporiiftrctrf)^ (etym., with stroke of spur), at full speed. Page 60. —1. .^Crjog toOU ftrtebltUtb = Wallenstein. 2. bie btdjt gcfdjloffencn fd)n)Cbtfd)Cn ^ataiUVtte, the close ranks of the Swedish battalions. 3. ba§ gel&e WegitttCttt, from the color of their uniforms. 4. ber S^ahtylatj (SB a Itofafc) or bie SB5aI)Ifiatt SB a i ftatt) == ber ^atttpftrfafcs ba$ @djtad)tfetb = Old Eng., wael- stow (comp. also: waelcyrie, bie 23 a 1 fiire = ©cfyladjtenjnngfrau). 5. tin blatter Oicgimcnt, comp. Note 3. 6. ®raf piccolo' mini, Count Octavio Piccolomini, duke of Amalfi (i 599-1 656), belonging to a noble Roman family, entered the services of the Emperor and fought with the greatest distinction in the battle of Liitzen. In 1634, after the assassination of Wallenstein, he was made commander-in-chief of the Austrian army, and field-marshal in 1648. — Compare @d)tfler§ 2)rattia „T i e 43 i c c 1 m i 11 i ." 7. btcfcr trcfflirhc (General, viz., Picco- lomini. 8. belt ^>crjOg, comp. Note I. Page 6 1 . — 1. feine $blfcr, comp. Note 6, page 52. 2. btc JHarhcgbttcr (gods [spirits] of vengeance) = the Furies. 3. Cttt attbrc3 ©if Clt gcfrhliffcn (=gcfd)arft), alluding to Wallenstein's assassi- nation in February 1634. 4. $Ctt, here = © d) la d) t f e 1 b. 5. bfofj, pale; erblaffen = blajs tuerbert, a euphemism for „fterbett." 6. fdjnlb* LAST SCENE OF THE BATTLE OF LUTZEN. (The Wife of Gustavus Adolphus and his Generals around his Bier.) 100 NOTES. fccfterft (guilt+stained) = ? 7. ber ^elamo'lticr, the Telamonian Ajax (of the Imperial army). There were two heroes by the name of Ajax in the army of the Greeks before Troy, the son of " Telamon " and the son of " O'ileus." — Just as the former in bravery ranked second to Achilles, so was Pappenheim second only to Wallenstein; comp. Note 8, page 17. 8. bcr £ird)e = ber fatl)o(ifd)en $ird)e. 9. am ttJCtttgftClt DCrfcfylCtt (to miss the least), two negations serving as a strong affirmation = \ i d) e r t r e f f e It , to be sure to meet. 10, man fytlttcrbrittgc (subjunctive for 3d pers. sing, of imperat.), tell then ! Page 62.— 1, ancincm£agc = oit bemfel ben Sage. 2. uidjt fobalb , . , at3, rather uncommon for „I a It m ... a I §" or „\ o b a 1 b at 8." 3. ba$ SScitc fudjen = fliehen; rcetcben. 4. ba3 $orbcr= treffctt = bte grout. 5, bic ©tiirfc (or ftelbftiid'e) = $anonen. 6. bic ^erjuieifdutg. erfjebt jebe (= ®d)lachtorbnimg) iibcr fid) fclbft, despair endows each (of the two armies) with superhuman strength. Page 63. — 1. nic tit Ubntta. gcbradjte =nie geiibte 9D?ei* ft e r ft it cf e ber $ r i e g 3 ! it it ft. 2. mit fttUfdjroctgcnbcr itbcr= etttfUilft, by tacit agreement. 3. crfl'CUCttb, cheering, since they an- nounce the end of the battle. 4. Jltgfcid) bcr %Xt\§ ttttb bte Ur- fltttbe, at once the reward and the evidence. 5. tl)r 2$erl)altClt $U bcfttmmcil, to tell them zuhat to do. 6. Itahttt ftC (it; they), referring to „bie" 93crftartlllig = reinforcement. Page 64. — 1. bcr %bt bOtt $ltlba, abbot of Fidda, a town in Hessia, with an old abbey and famous monastic school founded in 744 by St. Bonifacius (= Winfried), the apostle of the Germans, who is buried there. 2. bcr ^arbott' (French), pardon; quarter. 3. 06 man gleid) for b g 1 e i d) ma n. 4. bic &attbc, comp. Note 3, page 36. 5. ba§ TE DEUM an*ftimmen (= fingen) ; comp. Note 3, page 27. Page 65. — 1. $erjid)t tf)UCtt attf, to renounce something. — When in September 1632 Wallenstein left his fortified camp at Nurem- berg, he turned North with the intention of entering into winter- quarters in Saxony. 2. iltt ^Ittg tt)Cg*l)afd)eit, to snatch away in a hurry. 3. bic ftroa'tClt, comp. Note 8, page 24. 4. lmfent bcttt (dat.) ... for Ullfent b e § (genit), which would be more in accord- ance with modern usage. 5. DOrljCr' — in meaning and construction closely resembling the Eng. ago. NOTES. 101 Page 66. — 1. fciltC (SJcmafylitt, his wife, Queen Marie Eleonore. 2. fyeifdjen, syn. forbern; berkttgen. 3. bn3 Siifyitopfcr (expiatory -j-sacrince), atonement. 4, Ultt, here = f ii r. 5. t)Crfd)liitgt jcbe^ , , . absorbs the woe of the individual. 6. bcr UtttfaitjJ (circum-f- ference), extent. W92 < o "of ^ '"JSP* /°- art- * * v -;v;. °^ **° J^0© ,V^ c* * iT.«* A o >°V ,o> % < W, ,v ^ vs ,*. '++# »\ : # °* P*. WERT . "■ H BOOKBINDING ! | Crantxllle Pa <^ ^vTT* A