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 WICKES' 
 
 ILLUSTRATED PHRENO-CHART 
 
 COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 PHKENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY. 
 
 " THE HUMAN FACE DIVINE." 
 
 SIGNS OF CHARACTER, and&iow to 
 read, them on Scientific Principles. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
 PHEENO-PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 HOW TO CULTIVATE, DEVELOP AND IMPROVE THE 
 BODY AND MIND. 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY, 
 
 tl THE SCIENCE OF THE SOUL," 
 
 INCLUDING MAN'S SPIRITUAL NATURE. UNFOLDED 
 AND EXPLAINED IN THE MOST PERIDOT HAR- 
 MONY WITH THE HIGHEST CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 
 <^£- 
 
 ////> 
 
SCIENCE of MAN. 
 
 New System of Phreno-Physiognomi 
 
oxhsxea 
 
 PHRENO-CHAET 
 
 AND 
 
 COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 A Condensed Synopsis of the Science of Mind, 
 
 % SUfo System of ^jjrao-^^piognomj, 
 
 ORIGINAL, SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHRENO- 
 ORGANS. 
 
 WITH MANY NEWLY DISCOVERED FACULTIES, 
 
 The poles of all the organs of the Brain and body center in the Face, and form the 
 features, by which the Character, Talents and Capabilities can be told instantly. 
 
 .11 
 
 BY EDWARD Z. WICKES. 
 
 
 US. A, 
 
 Self-knowledge is the key to success. MaVethy calling, or sphere of action, sure. 
 
 The Science of Mind is central truth. Let nothing prevent the growth of spirit. 
 
 Know and be true to Thyself. Covet and culture the best gifts. 
 
 Cultivated talent is inexhaustible wealth. 
 
 <**t 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 
 
 [Copyright secured] 
 
 n ti 
 
FRANKLIN. 
 
 6PURZHE1M. 
 
 Outline of the Phreno- Character, Talents, Capabilities, and 
 Business Qualifications of 
 
 As inferred by E. Z. WICKES, Practical Phrenologist 
 and Physiognomist, according to his new system of 
 Phreno-Physiognomy. 
 
 Together with his Phreno-Medical advice how to cultivate and change the 
 quality of Soul, and improve the body and mind ; how to restrain, blend and 
 modify the temperaments and combination of faculties. Also the defect > 
 ; and constitutional tendencies, and how to correct them according to the laws 
 ! of Phreno-Hygiene. How to attain health and beauty, — be most successful 
 \ harmonious, useful and happy, and make the most of life. What organization, 
 ' temperament and gifts are most essential and compatible in the conjugal 
 \ companion. How to win and keep the affections of the same. Answers to 
 ; queries, etc. 
 
 Dictated by Dr. Wickes, this 
 
 day of 
 
 Written by.. 
 
 
 "This is the covenant that I will make with them. After those days saith the Lord, I 
 
 will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them." 
 Phrenology shall teach thee self to quell, The Oracles of God are truth and life, 
 
 Thy faults to check, thy virtues to impel : Cultivated talent is infinite wealth. 
 Iflearned aright shall lead Ihy thought ahove, Self-Knowledge is the key to success. 
 In reverence to the God of Truth and love. The science oT Mind is central truth, 
 E. z. w. Obedience to Law eternal life. 
 
EXAMINATIONS AND PliRfeNO-CHARTS. 
 
 tOUNG Man— and woman too— wishes to know with certainty in 
 what Calling or Pursuit in life lie can accomplish most, do the most good, 
 Serve his friends the be.-t, obtain a competency ; provide liberally for the 
 wants oi himself, family, an 1 others who may be dependent on him. He de- 
 Sirea to place himself in that position for which he is by nature and acquire- 
 ment best fitted, and in which he may without doubt or experiment, Securb 
 
 SUCCESS IN LIFE. 
 
 Few men in the ordinary pursuits of life come up fully to their real capabili- 
 ties. It is true that some, by mere accident or good fortune, without any 
 very definite knowledge of their own mental powers, stumble upon a situation 
 to which they happen to be well adapted, and in which without a struggle 
 or seeming effort, they rise to eminence. 
 
 They are said to be " lucky,"' while thousands of other men, more highly 
 educated, and with force and energy of character, pursue respectable though 
 Borne and *' up-hill 91 employment chosen without regard to their adapta- 
 tion to it, which brings them " neither honor nor profit." These get a living, 
 while many more drag on an unhappy existence, complaining of their hard 
 lot, and end their days in 6ore disappointment, pronouncing life a failure. 
 
 We have a remedy for this. It is scientific and therefore reliable. By 
 the aid of Phrenology the true character with all its capabilities can be indi- 
 cated ; the most suitable calling, profession or occupation to which each per- 
 son is adapted, and in which he may best succeed, can be plainly pointed out, 
 and you", reader, may thus learn 
 
 HOW TO RISE IN THE WORLD, 
 
 and thus make^the most of your talents. It is through the aid of Phrenology 
 Physiognomy and Physiology. 
 
 Parents wish to insure for their children all the blessings which judicious 
 training and right direction can secure, and there is no other means whereby 
 these ends may be so surely attained as by the aid of this science. By 
 hiving their characters fully described and carefully written out, you will 
 have before you a " chart" which will s^rve to keep them in the right direc- 
 tion, to avoid the quicksands and the rocks on which too many unfortunate 
 human barks founder and are lost. But the question is repeated, 
 
 WHAT CAN I DO BEST? 
 
 Can I succeed as an Attorney, Artist, or Author ? as a Banker, Bookseller 
 or Blacksmith? a Carpenter, Cashier, Clerk, or Chemist? a Dentist, Design- 
 er or Diplomatist ? an Editor, Engineer, or Explorer ? a Farmer, Fisherman 
 or Florist? a Grocer, Geographer, or General? Can I Invent, Lecture, or 
 Legislate ? Can I succeed as a Manufacturer, Merchant or Machinist ? In 
 Navigation, Oratory or Paiiiting ? As a Preacher, Physician or Printer ? As 
 a Poet, President, or Policeman ' A Sailor, Soldier, or Sculptor ? A Teach- 
 er Tragedian, or Tailor ? A Writer, a Warrior, a Watchmaker or a Watch- 
 man? Pray wh,o can tell, with scientific certainty, What I can do best ? 
 
 Call on Professor Wickes, and obtain his PhrEno-Chart and Compass 
 or Life, hive your heal examined, your character written out in full, with a 
 chart of your developments, and you miy then know for a certainty what 
 yon are, as compared with others ; what you can do best, and how you may 
 11 rise in the world," and turn all your talents to the very best pos-ihle u<>.\ 
 The cost for the service will be comparatively small, while the benefit de 
 rived would be of great value tj any individual. 
 
SYMBOLICAL HEAD. 
 
 Domestic Group. 
 
 1. Amativeness. 
 A. Conjugality. 
 
 2. Parental Love. 
 8. Friendship. 
 
 4. Inhabitiveness. 
 
 5. Continuity. 
 
 Selfish Propensities. 
 
 E. Vitativeness. 
 
 6. Combativeness. 
 
 7. DeSTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 8. Alimentiveness. 
 
 9. Acquisitiveness. 
 ( 10. Secretiveness. 
 
 11. cautiousness. 
 
 18. Veneration. 
 
 19. Benevolence. 
 
 Perfective Faculties. 
 
 20. constructivenhss. 
 
 21. Ideality. 
 B. Sublimity. 
 
 22. Imitation. 
 D. Agreeable ness. 
 
 23. Miethfulness. 
 
 \ 
 
 . Perceptive Faculties. 
 
 24. Individuality. 
 
 25. Form. 
 
 26. Size. 
 
 27. "Weight. 
 
 28. Color. 
 
 29. Ordee. 
 
 80. Calculation. 
 
 81. Locality. 
 
 Aspiring aud Governing 
 Organ 8. 
 
 12. APPROBATIVENESS. 
 
 18. S elf-Esteem. 
 
 14. Firmness. 
 
 Moral Sentiments. < 
 
 15. Conscientiousness. \ 
 
 16. Hope. 
 
 17. Spirituality. 
 
 Literary Faculties. 
 
 82. Eventuality. 
 
 83. Time. ^ 
 
 84. Tune. 
 35. Language. 
 
 Reasoning Faculties. 
 
 86. Causality. 
 37. Comparison. 
 C Humak Nature. 
 
 LOCATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FACULTIES. 
 
V 11 E F A C E. 
 
 GALL. SPURZHEIM. COMBE. 
 
 THE TRIUXE PHREXO-PHILOSOPHERS. 
 
 A NEW SYSTEM OF PHRENO-PHYSIOGtfOMY, AND MANY 
 NEWLY-DISCOVERED PHEENO-ORGANS. 
 
 Having devoted more than twelve years to investigation, travel, observa- 
 tion and inquiry, as a student of the Science of Mind, this system is the result. 
 I ask that it be examined thoroughly. Let not friendship favor it, nor charity 
 spare its faults ; but let the keen edge of truthful criticism lay bare its defects 
 with remorseless justice ; error deserves no friends, and truth can safely bid 
 defiance to all its enemies. I have no selfish wish to propagate doctrines, 
 merely because they are my own. No one can be more eager to worship in 
 the temple of truth, no one more desirous to sacrifice his own egotism at her 
 shri::e. 
 
 All human performances are necessarily imperfect ; but I doubt whether in 
 the whole round of the sciences anything more beautifully systematic can be 
 found, than is exhibited in the arrangement of the Phreno-organs as thus set 
 forth. 
 
 The study of human nature, has, in all ages, been deemed of the very first 
 importance, and called into vigorous action the master minds of every civilized 
 nation. But the numerous systems that have been successively produced and 
 abandoned, afford sufficient evidence that the great fundamental principles of 
 human nature have never been discovered. Some philosophers had shut them- 
 selves in their closets, and endeavored, by reflecting upon the operations of 
 their own minds, to frame a system of mental philosophy which would appy 
 to all mankind. But the result was that they only acquired an imperfect h"s- 
 tory of a few ot their own mental powers, while they remained in total igno- 
 rance of the causes which produce the great diversity of human character. 
 
 Others have -endeavored to acquire a knowledge of man by traveling, and 
 mingling with all classes and conditions of the human race. Those were more 
 succes-ful ; but however much knowledge might, by the experience of a whole 
 life, be acquired in this manner, it necessarily died with the individual, as it 
 was of such a nature that it could not be communicated. 
 
 Anatomical investigation is a method of studying human nature; but al- 
 though this leads to more correct conceptions in regard to the functions of the 
 body, it sheds no light upon the operations of the mind The study of Physiog- 
 nomy, is another method ; it has been pursued since the days of Ar'stot'e, Tiieo- 
 phrastus and Zopyrus, among the ancients, to the attempts of Camper and L iva 
 ter of our own day ; but the real success which has attended the labors of phy- 
 
6 PREFACE. 
 
 siognomists, is really owing to their approximation to the great truths of 
 Phrenology though they were utterly ignorant of this science. By examining 
 the work of Camper and Lavater, it will be -found that the few useful truths 
 which they contain are based upon the principles explained in this work. 
 
 The foundation of Phrenological science was laid by the discoveries of F. S. 
 Gall, a native of Germany, who was born March 9th, 1757. His attention was 
 first directed to the subject while a school buy, from noticing the singular 
 circumstance that those boys who committed the- words of their lessons to 
 memory with the greatest ease, had prominent eyes. He next observed that 
 those who excelled in the memory of places, had a peculiar prominence upon 
 the forehead. After leaving the University, he commenced the practice of med- 
 icine. He was now a man of science — his very profession led him to study hu- 
 man nature in connection with the human constitution — and he began to reflect 
 — "|If the prominence of one part of the head indicates one talent, and the 
 prominence of another part indicates another, may not all the talents and dis- 
 positions of men be indicated by the development of different parts of the 
 head ?" The suggestion seemed plausible. He accordingly, having vainly ex- 
 amined all the authors on mental philosophy, began the observation of heads 
 of peculiar characters. He was successful, even beyond his most ardent hopes ; 
 for he soon discovered external indications of talents for painting, poetry, and 
 the mechanic arts, besides several of the moral and animal propensities. Gall's 
 first publication on the subject was in 1798. He very naturally failed to give 
 system to the facts which he had discovered ; and the names which he gave to 
 the organs were unph losophical. In 1801, fortunately for the science, John 
 Gasper Spurzheim, also a German, became a pupil of Gall, and in 1804 was ad- 
 mitted as his partner. 
 
 In 1802, the lectures of Dr. Gall at Vienna, which had continued for five 
 years, were prohibited by order of the government, obtained through, the influ- 
 ence of the clergy. In 1805, Gall and Spurzheim left Vienna, and traveled to 
 some of the other cities of Europe, lecturing upon and diss eminating their doc- 
 trines. In 1807, Gall arrived at Paris, and remained there until his death, 
 which took place in 1828. 
 
 Spurzheim dissolved his partnership with Gall in 1813, and in 1814 visited 
 Great Britain, lecturing in the principal cities. 
 
 In 1817, he returned to Paris. In 1824, the lectures, of Gall and Spurz- 
 heim at Paris were prohibited by an order of the government. Spurzheim 
 again visited Great Britain in 1825, where he afterwards spent most of his time 
 until June 20, 1832, when he sailed from Havre, and arrived at New York, 
 August 4. He remained in New York until the 11th, when he proceeded to New 
 Haven. On the 16th he left for Hartford, and from that city he went to Bos- 
 ton, where he arrived on the 20th. He gave a course of lectures in Boston, and 
 anolher at Cambridge. This was the last labor of Spurzheim in the cause of 
 science. A slow, continued fever, not at fir. t considered dangerous, finally 
 proved fatal, and he died at Boston, Nov. 10, 1832. 
 
 No man was ever more sincerely lamented. The most distinguished tokens 
 of love and regard were extended to him while living, and the highest testimo- 
 nials of grateful reverence followed him to the grave. His beautiful monument 
 at Mount Auburn, is but an emblem of the pure affection with which his mem- 
 ory is cherished. The marble may parish, and the place of burial be forgotten, 
 
V n E P A C E. 7 
 
 but the names of Gall and Spurzheim are immortal. They must always be as- 
 ited with principles that will be known and appreciated while science has a 
 temple or a devotee on the earth. 
 
 Dr. Gall laid the foundation of Phrenological science by discovering that 
 where the skull protruded in a peculiar manner, the character and talents of the 
 individual were indicated hy the protr ision. 
 
 Upon a careful examination, he ascertained that the protrusions of the skull 
 were generally caused by developments of portions of the brain immediately 
 beneath ; these portions he called Organs. His examinations of the brain led 
 him to the important fact, that its principal internal parts are constituted of 
 fibers extending from the circumference of the brain to the central medulla 
 oblongata, and that these fibers were crossed by others which proceeded in an 
 opposite direction. Dr. Gall took a profound view of the subject, and conceived 
 that, in consequence of his discoveries a great revolution must take place in the 
 science of the mind. He proceeded to learn the truth by observations made 
 upon animals and men — upon the living and the dead — upon sculptured busts 
 and painted portraits ; and after a whole life spent in laborious researches, with 
 the assistance of his distinguished pupil, Dr. Spurzheim, he succeeded in pla- 
 cing the science upon a solid and enduring basis. It had imperfections — it was 
 mingled with error — a part only of the truth was known, but enough was dis- 
 closed to show that all previous systems were false, and that the right path had 
 at length been discovered. No one was more sensible than Dr. Gall himself, 
 that the science was imperfect, lie did not attempt to arrange and classify 
 the organs upon any philosophical plan, for he had not obtained a sufficient 
 number of facts. He w^as not a friend to new theories and schemes, the re- 
 sults of mere human ingenuity, but labored wi h incredible patience and in- 
 dustry to discover the laws which the Almighty had ordained to regulate the 
 science of mind ; and he continually insisted that carefully observe d facts are 
 the only sure elements of science, and the only reliable indications of the nat- 
 ural laws which God has established in the constitution of man. 
 
 Dr. Spurzheim attempted to systematize the d<coveries of Gall and him- 
 self, aid to reduce them to a science. He divided the organs into two grand 
 divisions, one of which he denominated the Intellectual faculties — they are 
 located in the forehead. The other grand division he denominated the Affec- 
 tive faculties. He sub-divided the Affective faculties into Animal Propensi- 
 ties and Moral Sentiments, and ascribed certain peculiar emotions to the 
 moral sentiments, (located in the upper part of the head) which he supposed 
 that the atiimal propensities (in the lower part of the head.) did not possess. 
 Nearly all the phrenological writers, (in our language at least) have agreed 
 with Spurzheim in his arrangement and sub-divisions. (See cuts.) 
 
 The mantle of Gall and Spurzheim rested upon the immortal Combe who 
 became the great moral phreno-philosopher of his age. 
 
 In Europe there are some indications that Phrenology will be permanently 
 established upon the institutions of learning. I understand that Dr. Robert- 
 son, of Paris, has, by his will, left $60,000 to the Edinburgh Phrenological So- 
 ciety, and I have also been informed that a Professorship of Phrenology has 
 been established in one of the Universities of Scotland. In this country a 
 conviction is settling in the minds of all educated and thinking men that the 
 principles and leading facts of phrenology are true. 
 
This "Miniature Chart and Compass of Life" is designed as a Mirror 
 of the Soul of the Individual for whom it is marked ; to reflect a perfect image 
 of the entire character in miniature ; to give a delineation or analysis of every 
 mental power and business qualification ; to guide and direct in life's struggling 
 battle ; point out the road to Health, Harmony, Success, Happiness and Eter- 
 nal Life. 
 
 It is needless to enumerate the immense benefits that any one may derive 
 from a correct knowledge of himself. How few know themselves, or form a 
 correct estimate of their own capabilities for any pursuit in life, or understand 
 how to change the temperaments, cultivate deficient faculties, or make the best 
 use of their gifts. 
 
 Make your calling, election, or profession sure. 
 
 Endless Progression or Eternal Death is the destiny of Man. 
 
 The Science of Mind is the key to all truth. 
 
 True wealth is inexhaustible. 
 
 Our talent is never less by imparting to others. 
 
 Success in life depends upon a right direction of talent. Youth is prophetic. 
 Every individual has his peculiar gifts and calling. Covet earnestly the best 
 gifts, yet despise not the one talent. The humble violet contrasts beautifully 
 with the queenly rose ; the strawberry which ripens so lowly in the grass, is 
 more delicious than the acorn upon the lofty oak. None are great in all things, 
 where there is a hill there is a valley ; a gift, a deficiency. 
 
 Woman is more intuitive than man, because finer and more sensitive. In-. 
 tuition is often superior to reason. Trie soul has feelers, coming events cast 
 their shadows before. Spiritual intuition is living faith in God. 
 
 A high head indicates aspiration, faith, hope charity ; these are the high- 
 est faculties of the brain ; they give the greatest liberty, scope and enjoyment to 
 the mind. As the blood, which is the life element kept in operation by the con- 
 stant action of the heart and lungs, must pass through all the lower faculties 
 before it can reach these, so by their cultivation we harmonize and perfect the 
 whole man. 
 
 We should be sons of God, with all the temperaments, and faculties blended 
 and harmonized like the colors in light. The different faculties of the mind are 
 but different grades of love. The world is full of beauty when the heart is full 
 of love. " God is love." Thus in man is created the image of God. 
 
 The brain is attractive, positive and nega'ive, evolves magnetism and elec- 
 tricity, is controled by the mind or spirit, and thus keeps up the perpetual mo- 
 tion of the nervous s.ystem. The more sensitive a person becomes, the more 
 susceptible of magnetism and psychological influence. The mind is like a harp 
 of a thousand strings, composed of as many faculties as there are attributes in 
 Deity, and capable of discerning and comprehending the trains of the Universe. 
 Truth is a unit, and God is a unit. Truths cannot conflict. No revelation or 
 construction of Scripture conflicting with known truth cai be of God. God is 
 not the Author of confusion but of peace. The spirit of truth will teach us all 
 things. " He is a Freeman whom the truth makes free." 
 
INTRODUCTION. 9 
 
 Physiology in its relation to the laws of life, is the science of the func- 
 tions of the entire Natural Man. Phrenology is that part of Physiology 
 which embraces the brain and nervous system, through which the mind is said 
 to he manifested. Physiognomy is the art of discerning character by the ex- 
 ternal signs of the countenance. Psychology relates to man's spiritual na- 
 ture, or to the science of the soul. Biology, the science of life, is only anoth- 
 er name for Physiology, and may be used synonymously therewith. 
 
 Ths little volume is intended as " The Compass of Life, and Miniature Phre- 
 no-Chart of the Mind." It will point out the way, and direct the mariner on 
 life's tr ubled sea ; be a sure and safe guide through the storms and trials of 
 the voyage. When the Heavens are black with disappointment and the earth 
 rent with volcanic fires, this will be the anchor of hope, the rule of faith and 
 practice, (to those for whom it is correctly marked) founded in the oracles of 
 God Avithin ; the law of love in the mind ; the first principles of eternal truth ; 
 the unchangeable laws of mind and matter. 
 
 It will show the harmony and unity of Truth, Science and Revelation, — 
 heralding the dawn of a better day, when earth shall be wedded to heaven. No- 
 thing benefits the mind so much as a clear comprehension of its own peculiar 
 powers. Nothing cultivates it so much as the effort to use those powers when 
 recognised — to impa t the jewels of thought and experience — the endless va- 
 riety of truths we have gathered in life's dear school, where the Almighty has 
 moulded us for our especial work. 
 
 It is criminal to hide the gifts and talents God has bestowed upon us. We 
 should labor to enrich and enlighten each other ; our light is never less by 
 lighting our neighbors. 
 
 We therefore send forth our " Chart and Compass" as an effort of our youth- 
 ful mind, hoping, dear reader, you, and all who may candidly peruse these pa- 
 ges, may be blessed and assisted by them in life's battles. We have gathered 
 very many golden items and gems of truth along our checkered journey of 
 life — carefully examined every know r n system in Europe and America — and have 
 pursued the study of mind for many years with patience and perseverance ; 
 visiting in our varied researches the asylums and prisons of our country, and 
 laboring with energy and industry to teach and establish our new system of 
 Phreno-Physiognomy. We challenge objection and court criticism. We aim 
 to be original, earnest and practical ; and have many friendly testimonials re- 
 ceived during these years of labor from those who were interested or instructed 
 by our Lectures and examinations. Like the bee, we have gathered treasures 
 from every flower, endeavoring to condense the essence of other systems and 
 extract the good and truth from all. Nevertheless, the work being somewhat 
 hastily written, during th-3 changes and fatigues incident to a traveler's life, un- 
 doubtedly contains some errors, which to the jealous eyes of those who do not 
 sympathise with the views of the author, may afford room for unkindly crit'.- 
 c sin. We hope, however, to perfect ourselves, and at a future period issue our 
 " Illustrated Symbolical Phreno-Chart and Compass of Life" as the most com- 
 plete and interesting work of its kind ever presented to the public. 
 
 We design to illustrate the " Symbolical Phreno-Chart" with appropriate 
 •teel engravings, original cuts, and portraits of notable characters now living. 
 This work is intended as a kind of introduction to the forthcoming volume- 
 
10 
 
 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 •* This is the covenant that T will make with 1hem. After those days, saith 
 the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write 
 them."— Heb. 10 : 16. 
 
 The Science of Mind is the key to all truth. 
 
 Self-knowledge is the first step to greatness 
 
 Cultivated talent constitutes the wealth of the soul. 
 
 Harmony of Phrenology with the Bible, 
 
 In every age of the world mankind have demanded that every new scientific 
 discovery should be judged by the Sacred Scriptures, and condemned if it did 
 not seem to harmonize with them. Three hundred }*ears ago the teachers of 
 Astronomy were hunted as the enemies of religion ; and less than fifty years 
 ago the Geologist was called an infidel. The recognition of two facts has 
 changed the public sentiment of the religious world, One of these is that the 
 Bible was given us as a guide in morals and religion, and not as a manual of 
 physical science ; the other fact is, that on investigation of the spirit of Scrip- 
 ture and the facts of science, it is found that they do not disagree, and that 
 the latter in many respects tends to corroborate the truth and enforce the 
 claims of the former. This is eminently true of Phrenology, because revelation 
 is a moral, spiritual and passional guide to man, and therefore occupies the 
 same ground as that science which has to do solely with the mental and pas- 
 sional nature. It would therefore be expected that the Bible, in treating of 
 the duties and destinies of the race, would recognise each mental power and 
 passion, each aspiration and emotion ; not only to permit and guide the 
 action of each passion and faculty, but to warn and to threaten against their 
 abuse. 
 
 That this is done in express and vivid terms will be observed by perusing 
 the quotations we have made ; and any person familiar with the Scriptures will 
 readily perceive that passages appropriate to each mental organ might have 
 been multiplied to a much greater extent. 
 
 That the Bible recognises every passion and faculty which is claimed by 
 Phrenology to be a part of man's complicated mental being, the perusal of the 
 following pages will abundantly attest. In their preparation the temptation 
 has been to extend the quotations. The Bible is full, everywhere, of passages 
 pertinent and beautiful, illustrating the fact that the Divine Author of our being 
 was also the author of that book, which is unsurpassed in its life-like pictures 
 of human nature in all its phases. We believe that the Christian religion has 
 nothing to fear from science. ; and as "true religion is central truth, all know- 
 ledge should be gathered around it." 
 
AND COMPASS G¥ LIF^ 
 
 11 
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 A GLANCE AT PHYSIOGNOMY. 
 
 "THE HUMAN FACE DIVINE." 
 
 The organs of the brain have their poles in the face, and form the features. 
 
 The poles of affection are located in the lips, the size and shape of which 
 indicate the strength and kind. Thin bloodless lips denote want of affection 
 and love. Pull, stiff upper lip, firmness ; large, rosy lips intense affection. 
 
 The size and shape of the nose more than any other facial organ, indicates 
 character. A large nose shows great strength and power ; flat wide nose, low, 
 groveling, outlandish desires and inclinations ; sharp nose, keenness and pene- 
 tration. Then we have the high Roman nose, the hooked, eagle nose, the cogi- 
 tative nose, the snub nose, and the celestial nose, all of which indicate peculiar 
 characteristics. Large nostrils indicate strong lungs, which impart oxygen, 
 life, and activity to the system. Man should breathe through the nose and not 
 through the mouth. Napoleon, in making choice of his generals, was gov- 
 erned by the size and shape of the nose. 
 
 Nature is true to herself ; she compels every individual to carry his char- 
 acter at mast-head. The more man resembles the lower animals, the more like 
 them in character ; some men have the mark of the beast in the forehead. 
 
 The eye is the mirror of the soul, and reflects every passing thought. 
 
 Fine hair and skin denote fine feelings and most exquisite sensibility : thick 
 neck and heavy beard, sexual power ; a large bloated face, gross, sensual mind ; 
 full, round cheeks, strong digestive organs ; flat, sunken cheeks, dyspepsia ; 
 sunken temples, liver complaint. 
 
 The voice, gesture, hand -writing, walk, carriage, etc. betray character. The 
 voice of love is sweet and gentle as a dove ; there is the harsh, grating tone, the 
 soul stirring music, the snarling scold, and the commanding eloquence; while 
 th«= roar of the lion, the bray of the ass, the hiss of the goose, and the hoot of 
 the owl, are all characteristic, and have their corresponding resemblances in 
 the different voices we daily hear. 
 
 Fine, well formed letters indicate polish and refinement, and vice versa. 
 
 The head is thrown in the direction of the strongest faculties. The intellect- 
 ual carry the head forward, the selfish and conceited, backward. 
 
 aare, prominent chin, indicates promptness and tenacity. Small, re- 
 tnat'ng chin, fickleness, and inconstancy. The poles of government are in the 
 chin. 
 
 The distance from the ear to the center of the forehead, is the measure of 
 mentality. The ear is distended in the direction of the strongest faculties. 
 
 If the eminent Lavater was not the author, he certainly was the individual 
 that gave prominence to ;he science of physiognomy in Europe. 
 
12 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 Though hardly acknowledged as such in America, nevertheless physiog- 
 nomy is a science having a basic formation in the human constitution ; and 
 every man, though nominally denying, is, to some extent a practit'oner 
 thereof, judging of earth, sea, sky, rocks, grasses, grains, as well as faces, from 
 external appearance. Every imprint, furrow, angle, curve, or line upon a 
 mortal's countenance symbolizes some trait or quality of soul. Accordingly 
 the practised anthropologist prefers reading men from their facial angles 
 rather than their brain organs. Not that I undervalue phrenology ; it is the 
 twin-brother of physiognomy, and they are mutual helps in the practical solu- 
 tion of the Greek inscription, " Know Thyself." 
 
 In the perfect character, the forehead equals in surface the face. The 
 more it predominates over the face, the more the intellectual, moral and 
 spiritual nature predominates over the lower and physical, and vice versa. In 
 all the lower animals the face greatly predominates over the forehead, and the 
 forehead itself is covered with hair, indicating the blind nature of their direc- 
 tive talent. The farther we go down in the scale of humanity the more the 
 face and head resembles that of the lower animals. The face greatly predomi- 
 nates in all the passionate, savage, and half-civilized, races. The more highly 
 cultivated, the sharper and more symmetrical the features become. The 
 lrgher, broader and deeper the forehead, the more it predominates over the 
 face. This is the Eden of the mind — the garden of the soul — the focus of all 
 intelligence. By it we determine the quantity, quality, and variety of talent 
 possessed by any individual. The mind is like a garden, and requires to be 
 cultivated as much as the soil. The deeper and richer the uncultivated soil, 
 the more its tendency to produce weeds, thorns, briers and brambles. It is 
 precisely so with the garden of the mind. The more vigorous and active, the 
 stronger and finer the mind of the child, the more restless, uneasy and mis- 
 chievous it will be. In many respects the mind resembles the description of 
 the garden of Eden, — watered by the rivers of blood from the heart, which is 
 divided into four heads. The garden of the mind thus constantly refreshed 
 with the elements of growth and life from the perpetual operation of the heart 
 and lungs, produces every conceivable variety of fruit which is desirable for 
 food and pleasant to the eye. In the midst of the garden the tree of know- 
 ledge occupies the most conspicuous place. The knowledge of good and evil 
 comes of the perverted gratification of the faculties of the mind. It deranges 
 and destroys the functions of the soul. The wages of sin is ever death. 
 
 The curse ever accompanies violated law. We cannot partake of the 
 knowledge of good and evil without a fall. The greatest commandment 
 ever given to man is, " Be true to thyself, and let nothing stand in the way of 
 the growth of thy spirit." The legitimate and harmonious gratification of 
 every faculty is right. 
 
 The uncultivated talent will ever be taken away and given to another. 
 God is a great economist. The tree of life springs up in the soul, guarded by 
 the two-edged sword of necessity, which turns every way to protect the paths 
 of virtue and truth. Necessity is the mother of invention. Man is ever driven 
 forth to cultivate the back ground of his nature. Only the Redeemer of peace 
 and love can unite the conflicting faculties of the mind — the jarrino- tendencies 
 of the soul. Man is creak d in the image of God, for God is love. The natural, 
 selfish, and perverted man is a bundle of hate and antagonism. It is difficult 
 to find any other name than that of Love for the faculties of the mind, from 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 18 
 
 the lowest physical love of the sexes, to the highest or supreme love of Cod. 
 Upon love to God and man hang all the Law and the prophet*. Cultivated 
 talent constitutes the wealth of the soul. This is the true, inexhaustible rielics 
 of the mind, the only treasure worth living for.. The more we give of this 
 wealth, the more we have left to give. Our light is never lessened by lighting 
 our neighbors. The best investment ever made is in the mind. Lay up thy 
 treasure within, where moth and rust doth not corrupt, nor scoundrels plun- 
 der and steal. These jewels of the mind we carry beyond the tomb. Every 
 faculty of the soul proves the divinity of man, and the eternity of Life. 
 
 Evidences of Phrenology. 
 
 Phrenology is the science of mind. It treats of the several mental 
 faculties, and traces them to their respective organs — the convolutions of 
 the brain. The relation existing between the mind and its material organ, 
 the brain, belongs to that class of truths which though co-eval with mind itself, 
 yet were left for man to discover by his own research. 
 
 The revolution of the planets round the sun has doubtless continued since 
 their existence ; yet it was left for Copernicus and others to search out and 
 reveal this now simple truth. 
 
 The laws which regulate the planetary systems have ever operated as at 
 present ; yet these were unknown until Newton was raised up to trace them. 
 
 The blood in the human frame has circulated in the same way ever since 
 man was brought into existence ; yet this was a hidden mystery until Harvey, 
 by his superior penetration, brought the whole to light. 
 
 So of Phrenology. The brain has ever been the organ of the mind ; and 
 upon its development, shape, and quality, the mind has always depended ; yet 
 no man could understand, much less explain this, until Joseph Francis Gall, of 
 Vienna, with a mind constituted, apparently, for the express purpose, became 
 the instrument to discover and present the important truth. 
 
 Man is a twofold being, composed of mind and body. The mind is the 
 principal or substantial part — the part that hears, sees, tastes, smells, loves, 
 hates, thinks, reasons, wills, and understands ; but it is entirely dependent on 
 the body for its ability to do these things in this material world, as is evident 
 from the fact, that, without the eye of the body, the mind cannot see the sun. or 
 anything in the material world, neither can it hear without ears, or feel without 
 
14 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 nerves, and so on. Hence the necessity of noticing the body, in its various 
 conditions, as the first step in investigating mental phenomena. By this mode 
 of investigation we have established, by a great number of facts, the following 
 principles : — 
 
 I The brain is The organ of the mind. 
 
 Where there is no brain there are no mental manifestations. Idiots possess 
 very little brain compared with other men; This will be readily seen by com- 
 paring the heads of Washington, Franklin, and other distinguished men with 
 idiots ; also by comparing those nations who have large heads with others 
 having small ones, the former will be found to rule the latter. The English 
 and Hindoos are in point, where a few hundred rule as many thousands. 
 
 It is proved also by the following facts re- 
 injuries upon the head affect the mind, while the same injury upon other 
 parts will leave it unimpaired ; 
 
 The mental faculties appear and disappear at the time of the development* 
 maturity, and decay of the brain ; 
 
 Disease upon the brain produces insanity ; 
 
 Mechanical pressure upon the brain destroys all mental power. 
 
 II. As the mind cannot be a unit, or single faculty, but a combination of 
 faculties, its instrument, the brain, must consist of as many organs as there 
 are faculties. This is in accordance to the law which assigns to every member 
 of the body a separate duty. As the eye and ear have separate duties, and can 
 never discharge the duties of each other, so the different convolutions of the 
 brain have their separate functions, and can only perform them. 
 
 It must be borne in mind, that, although the several organs which constitute 
 the brain are connected at the base, yet they act independently, and oftentimes 
 in direct opposition to each other. 
 
 For instance : Acquisitiveness prompts us to acquire and lay up property, 
 while Benevolence would bid us distribute it to feed the hungry and relieve the 
 suffering, Destructiveness gives energy, makes us hasty and passionate, while 
 Cautiousness would make us prudent and careful. Self-Esteem tends to pride, 
 while Reverence leads to humility. Thus the organs, acting in their respective 
 capacities, combining in various ways, give the endless variety of character 
 observable among men. 
 
 The plurality of the faculties is also proved by dreams, where some organs 
 are asleep while others are awake ; hence the incoherency of dreams. 
 
 Again, it is proved by our ability to do several things at the same time. 
 
 The same is proved by monomania, or partial insanity. In these cases, one 
 organ, or one set of organs is diseased, while all the others are perfectly 
 healthy — as in the case of the individual who imagines himself the true (rod, 
 and will threaten to call out his army to destroy all who will not acknowledge 
 his supremacy. Here the organ of Self- Esteem is not only very ^-ge, but is 
 also dseased. 
 
 Farther proof of the fact that different organs of the brain perform different 
 offices, may be drawn from the effect which injuries upon the brain produce. 
 Thus, when a part of the skull has been broken in, so as to press upon the 
 brain, the organ which is pressed loses its power, and on removing the pres- 
 sure the mental power returns. When the skull has been removed from the 
 organ of Firmness, pressure upon this part of the brain destroys the balance of 
 mind. In another case the skull was removed from the organ of Language and 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 1." 
 
 Individuality, and when the finger was pressed upon the brain, the lady could 
 not call by name her most intimate friends. On removing the pressure her 
 memory returned. * 
 
 III. The size of the brain and of the several organs will be a measure of 
 their power when all other conditions are equal. 
 
 This universal law of matter, that size is a measure of power, will apply to 
 the brain as well as to other parts of the system. It is this^aw which enables 
 the phrenologist to judge of the character of the person by the size and shape 
 of the head. A large, and well developed form is admitted by all to be an in- 
 dication of physical power ; so a large and healthy brain is equally an index of 
 a powerful mind. And by the same principle, as a large and well-formed hand 
 is more powerful than a slight and delicate one, so any mental organ will be 
 strong in proportion to its size. 
 
 Applying this law to the brain as a whole, we find that Bacon, Washington, 
 Franklin, Gall. Bonaparte, Brougham, and the distinguished men of all ages, 
 have possessed large heads, and not an instance can be found where a decidedly 
 great man has possessed a small head. Applying it to distinct parts, we find 
 that those men who have manifested extraordinarv faculties have always 
 -sed the respective organs in a corresponding degree of development. 
 
 The quest' on maybe asked, What shall be done with heads where the propen- 
 sities predominate ? Others may ask, Does not phrenology tend to fatality ? or 
 are we to be held responsible for the shape of our heads ? An answer to these 
 questions may be found in the following statement : We have the ability to 
 alter the shape of our heads. This point is now well settled. Thousands of 
 instances might be cited, where long continued exercise has caused certain 
 organs to grow, even after the person had arrived at the age of thirty years. 
 Spurzheim mentions the case of a gentleman in England, who, to test the truth 
 of this statement, had a cast of his head taken, and then directed his attention 
 to some new pursuit ; and at the end of a year had another cast taken, and thus 
 on, until he had five different casts, and by comparing found that the first and 
 last differed so materially that one would hardly believe they ever belonged to 
 the same individual. 
 
 The skull presents no barrier to the growth of the organs of the brain, for 
 the brain gives shape to the skull, and not the skull to the brain. In the infant 
 the brain is first formed, and the bony deposition of the skull takes place after- 
 wards, and it is not until some time after birth that the skull is perfectly 
 formed. In the adult the skull, as well as the brain has its nourishing blood- 
 vessels, and both receive their growth simultaneously. 
 
 Let not individuals be discouraged because the growth of the organs is slow 
 and almost imperceptible ; they cannot be altered in a day, nor in a month ; 
 but years are sometimes necessary to bring about a material change. 
 
 Upon the same principle if we suffer our mental faculties to remain dormant 
 they are generally weakened, until complete degeneracy is produced through 
 want of exercise. The mind of man is never at rest ; it is either rising higher 
 and higher, to the highest state of mental elevation, or it is sinking lower and 
 lower, to the lowest grade of the brute creation. Be not. therefore, like the 
 slothful servant, who laid his talent up in a napkin, but exert it for the glory of 
 God, and the benefit of the world in general. 
 
 If, then, we may alter the shape of our heads, are we not culpable if this be 
 
16 
 
 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 neglected ? That such an alteration can be effected, is only applying a general 
 rule viz : Exercise gives power, and increases the size of any organ — the same 
 law which increases the muscles of the blacksmith's arm, and which makes our 
 right arm stronger and larger than our left. By this rule the organ of the brain 
 which we exercise most, will grow most, and be most powerful. 
 
 The practical uses of Phrenology and Physiognomy are — First, to 
 teach us how to bring all parts of the system into harmonious and well-directed 
 act on. Second, to understand the function and uses of each separate organ. 
 Third, to enable us to govern and educate each faculty and each propensity, 
 increasing the power of some, and properly directing others. Fourth, by 
 combining these lessons, it enables us to know ourselves, and also account 
 readily for each motive, thought and act on scientific principles. And, Fifth, 
 it will indicate the particular calling or pursuit in which each person may be 
 most useful and successful, accomplish most, rise the highest, and do the great- 
 est good in the world. In short, one of its principal missions is to secure " The 
 Right Man in the Right Place." 
 
 Attributes of Male and Female Heads. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 The Creator has evidently marked 
 out the different spheres in which men 
 and women are best adapted to move, 
 and their heads are found to correspond 
 with these spheres. 
 
 Fig, 1 is from the skull of a man, and 
 is a fair specimen of the male head. It 
 rises high from the opening of the ear, 
 male skull. «, to Firmness, b. It is large in the social female skull. 
 region, particularly at Amativeness, c. The phrenological organs of force, 
 pride, energy, and self are predominant. Fig. 2 is of a well balanced female 
 skull, and is fine, smooth, and even. The leading developments are at d, in 
 the region of Philoprogenitiveness, Adhesiveness, and Inhabitiveness, while 
 at b and c, it is much less than in the male. At e, Benevolence, and at /, 
 Veneration, the female is relatively more developed, but less so at Firmness 
 and Self Esteem, b- 
 
 Diversitv.— There are no two persons exactly alike in character or in 
 appearance. We all differ more or less in opinion on most subjects, as we do 
 in size, form, complexion, quality health, strength, and length of life. One 
 person has great bodily strength; one great mental activity. One is original 
 and inventive, another merely imitative. One economical ; another prodigal. 
 One is honest : another dishonest One loves home ; another loves to travel. 
 One studies the sciences ; another prefers art. One is musical, poetical, and 
 fond ot oratory ; another disregards them. One is bold, courageous, manly, 
 and self-relying ; another timid, irresolute, brshful, diffident and sensitive. 
 Phrenology explains these differences, and poiuts out the means by which 
 to develop harmoniously all the organs of the mind. We can improve. 
 
 Phrenology reveals character from the shape of the brain, be it broad or 
 narrow, high or low, short or long, and enables ur to determine the location, 
 relative size and strength of the different organs. From it we may learn 
 how to develop, direct, and restrain all the mental powers on scientific prin- 
 ciples. 
 
Phrenology shall teach thee self to quell, 
 Thy fan its to < luck, thy virtue to impel ; 
 If learned ar:>l,t shall lead thy thoughts above, 
 In reverence to the (Jen of Tkuth and Love. 
 -^ ? KZ. WICKES, Intuitive \ 
 
 ] : JircfiG(ogint end Physiognomist. N 
 
 Jfbt IJtmaples of pjrmolop. 
 
 MAN IS MIND. The body is simply the instrument through which the 
 mind manifests itself while on earth. Mind is the primal power of the human 
 system, and is manifested through seventy or more organs. Each is primary and 
 independent in its functions, doing its own work, and not doing the work of 
 any other. Each of these mental powers resides in and is manifested by or 
 through a particular portion of the brain. So eaGh organ of the body per- 
 forms its own function only. The eye sees, the ear hears, the heart circulates 
 the blood, the lungs breathe, the stomach digests ; and so the organs of the 
 brain, like so many telegraph wires, each perform their separate functions, and 
 all report to " headquarters ;" and as New York is the headquarters of the tel- 
 egraphic system, so the brain is the headquarters of the nervous system, and 
 each line has its office in it. The power of each organ, all thkigs being equal 
 is in exact proportion to the size and quality of the brain or nerve which mani- 
 fests it. 
 
 The mental powers are possessed in different degrees by different individu- 
 als, and also by the same individual. One possesses ten talents, another fire. 
 
18 WICKES* PHRENO-CHART 
 
 another one. Each mental power grows stronger and becomes more skillful by 
 proper exercise. Our accountability is just in proportion as we make a good 
 or a bad use of these talents. Each mental power was created for the purpose 
 of doing good, and intended to be used. 
 
 Man, being placed in the subjective, objective, and attractive world, is con- 
 stantly surrounded by and exposed to an infinite variety of influences. " The 
 Mind is Man." The brain is the complex instrument by which he can express 
 from within his desires, inclinations and anticipations. The face is the sensa- 
 tional mirror in which we can discover the influence of the organs of the brain 
 and the impression made upon the mind by its perceptions, retentions and ex- 
 pressions. In fact the face is the true window of the Soul : through its trans- 
 parent texture we can clearly discern the combined influence of heat, light and 
 sound on the brain. Therefore it is the organs of the brain and the faculties of 
 the mind as their expression appears in the face, that we are about to consider 
 and describe. 
 
 As the description of individual disposition cannot be correctly given with- 
 out the face is included, and its relations to the brain, so the quality and ac- 
 tivity of the brain cannot be correctly estimated save by the features and ex- 
 pressions of the face. 
 
 The operations of the brain are frequently interrupted by, and under the in- 
 fluence of the body and physical organs. 
 
 Matter is the general name given to the substance of which the body is com- 
 
 As there is not an exact amount of matter in any two bodies, nor an equality 
 of size, nor similarity of form or configuration, so there exists a difference in 
 quality or texture, and character. No two are alike in any respect ; all men 
 look from different stand points, and through different colored glasses; are con- 
 trolled by a different combination of circumstances ; act from different motives ; 
 cannot agree, or see things in the same light. 
 
 ESTIMATES OF CHARACTER. 
 
 The judgment of the world in reference to human character is often, per- 
 haps we may say generally — unjust. People take one-sided views of their 
 fellow men and of themselves. Attention happens to be directed to certain 
 points, and the man is judged by them, while other qualities just as essential — 
 perhaps more so — are left out of the account altogether. 
 
 Phrenology teaches us to avoid this error. It teaches us not to judge a man 
 by isolated acts, or isolated traits of character, but by his organization. In 
 that we find, clearly and fully written down, his whole physical, mental, and 
 spiritual character. We can strike a balance between the' good and the bad, 
 and assign to him his true place in the scale of humanity. We see him as he is, 
 not one side of him, but all sides. 
 
 The Utility of Self-knowledge.—" The right man in the right place" 
 would enable society to move on in harmony ; and it is possible, by the aid of 
 science, to place each man just where he belongs— where lie would succeed 
 best, rise the highest, accomplish the most, and do the most good in the world, 
 and secure the most perfect happiness ; also, to govern and educate children, 
 and fit each for the place or sphere to which he is, by nature best adapted. In 
 Bhort, it will inform us what we can do best. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIfB 
 
 19 
 
 HKRKDITARY INFLUENT H S 
 
 Everv person's character depends upon tliree distinct elements :-* 
 
 1st. Hereditary organization, and health of body and brain. 
 
 2d. Associations in early life, and the habits, employment, example, im- 
 pressions and instructions received. 
 
 3d. Our own determinations, when we are old enough, and at liberty to 
 act for ourselves. 
 
 The principles, both moral and religious, the habits of both body and mind 
 which we then adopt, we are responsible for, and it is of the greatest import- 
 ance that we make no radical mistakes. To prevent such mistakes we need 
 knowledge, and, first of all, a knowledge of our hereditary organization, that we 
 may understand what tendencies of nature are in us originally excessive, and 
 what are originally defective. Thus we shall be enabled to judge whether our 
 original character has received the right kind of cultivation, and whether, du- 
 ring our past lives, we have been subjected to proper influences or not ; and 
 also, what is of more importance than anything else, how we shall be best 
 enabled to form good resolutions, and mark out a more correct course for our 
 future conduct, — so as to improve our characters and intellects, and thus 
 attain a higher degree of happiness ourselves, while, at the same time we shall 
 exert a happier influence upon the characters of others. Before proceeding 
 to examine the head, the examiner should notice the proportions of the body, 
 the appearance of the face, to ascertain the degree of energy, activity, delicacy 
 or strength with which the faculties of the brain can be habitually manifested. 
 For it should be understood that, although the form and size of the head may 
 indicate the different traits of character, it does not indicate the energy or 
 activity of the general character. No person who has small lungs, whatever 
 may be the size or form of the head, will manifest great energy of character. 
 
 wum^m? 
 
 mk 
 
 T&Z 
 
 SIGNS OF CHARACTER, AND HOW TO READ IT ON SCIENTIFIC 
 PRINCIPLES. 
 
 The Brain is the fountain of all thought and sen^ 
 sation, a most perfectly organized compound gal- 
 vanic battery ; the grand machinery of the mind, 
 which is not a unit, but composed of a multitude of 
 faculties, wnich create infinite variety of character, 
 talent, and disposition, according to the s'ze, quaUty 
 and quantity of the convolutions of the brain, which 
 can always be determined by the configuration of the 
 head, the shape and size of which invariably indicates 
 the character of the individual. 
 
 Everything in the Universe is compelled by the God of Nature to bear its 
 character at mast-head. 
 
 The brain being a magnetic battery is constantly generating animal and 
 spiritual magnetism, and sending it down like a quickening spirit, through 
 all the ramifications of the nervous system, which seems to be an extension 
 of the brain, throughout the entire physical organism. One class of nerves 
 
20 
 
 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 extends to, and permeates the muscular system, and gives the sense of mo- 
 tion, thus elevating the animal above the vegetable world. Without a vig- 
 orous brain the individual is incapable of rapid and continual motion. The 
 greater the quantity of electricity generated in the brain, properly conducted 
 to the muscles, the more powerful, energetic, and effectual the motions. 
 
 The Face is the Mirror of the mind. Every aspiration, desire or thought 
 is reflected through the features. 
 
 The Nose is of unspeakable weight in the scale of Physi- 
 ognomy ; it is the index to the character of every individu- 
 al, standing, as it does, the most prominent and conspicuous 
 feature of the face, and least liable to change its expression 
 of any of the facial organs. A large nose invariably indi- 
 cates a strong character of some kind. A very small nose 
 evinces a weak, contracted mind, a dull sluggish and stupid 
 brain. 
 
 The larger and Btronger the lungs, the more clear and vigorous the mind in 
 all its manifestations. Light and air are the great purifiers of the blood. 
 
 The sense of smell, the sentinel of the lungs, is located in the nostrils ; it is 
 dangerous and unhealthy to breathe through the mouth. This is the most fruit- 
 ful source of lung diseases ; the lungs become chilled by the cold unfiltered air, 
 which is not properly permeated with the magnetism of the brain. 
 
 The large cogitative nose, as seen in the accompany- 
 ing cut, and in the head of Franklin, preceding, indi- 
 cates a vigorous and powerful mind, and generally a 
 universal genius. The hooked, eagle nose indicates an 
 over-reaching, keen-sighted, proud spirit, an eagle 
 nature, a merciless disposition to pounce upon and 
 devour its prey, which it sights from afar. Those 
 possessing prominent noses of this peculiar type will 
 generally be found less scrupulous in business matters 
 and less reflective than those of the form designated as the cogtative. They 
 will more readily accumulate wealth and political power. The Jewish nose has 
 a tendency in this direction, and may serve as an illustration 
 of the characteristics indicated. 
 
 A long, drooping nose evidences a despondent, gloomy 
 and dejected spirit, an inclination to pry into the affairs 
 of others. A short, snubbed nose, blunt uncultivated nature. All the infinite 
 variety of noses have their peculiar characteristics. 
 
 A sharp, protruding septum, indicates scholastic ability, 
 sagacity and keenness, and a disposition to accumulate 
 knowledge. High Roman nose, disposition to attack, con- 
 quer and subdue ; and vice versa, the Grecian nose indicates 
 artistic skill, polish and refinement. 
 
 The more the nose resembles that of any animal or 
 
 thing, the more like will the individual prove to be in char- 
 
 acter. The finer and sharper the features the more active 
 
 and penetrating the mind. 
 
 A s&arp, turned-up nose, a dissatisfied, fretful, chafing, uneasy, discontent- 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 21 
 
 cd spirit, — disposed to find fault and scold, turnup the nose and sneer at 
 every tiling, quick to detect defects in others. 
 
 \ /. No one should presume to determine character 
 
 will/Ml^ without first looking into the eye. The quality of the 
 |||f soul can be instantly detected, as every emotion of the 
 mind affects the expression of the eye. Every thought 
 that gleams from the spirit makes its impress upon this 
 ' wonderful sense of light. The more the eye resembles 
 the eye of the snake, dove, eagle, hawk, or owl, the 
 more like in character. The eye of the lamb differs 
 widely from that of the lion, panther, or hyena. The 
 book of nature is open on every hand. We have but to open our eyes to read 
 the infinite arcana of wisdom. 
 
 Blue, grey and black eyes indicate very different dispositions. 
 Blue eyes indicate a gentle, sweet, and amiable spirit; one easily mould- 
 ed, and affected by surroundings ; impressive, initiative, and inspirational. 
 
 The cold grey eye of destiny reminds one of the granite hills, — stern, in- 
 flexible, and unapproachable. 
 
 Dark eyes, express deep, absorbing penetration, often accompanying the 
 most heartless natures, and cold blooded villany. But there are frequent excep- 
 tions to these general rules. 
 
 Blue eyes are more easily psychologised and brought under the influence 
 of others; more impulsire and easily affected by love and emotion. They 
 remind one in their various moods and expressions, now serene, then clouded, 
 of the blue expanse of the heavens. 
 
 The eye of the scoundrel is vacillating and unsettled, betraying an uneasy, 
 vigilant watchfulness, or fear of detection ; never permitting a searching 
 look into the eyes. They evince an instinctive consciousness that their most 
 secret thoughts can be detected, while an honest man, who is the noblest 
 work of G-od, will ever look you square in the face. 
 
 Thick, ponderous lips, denote gross, coarse and powerful passion. Full 
 rosy lips, intense affection. Handsome, well formed, and 
 neatly-mated lips, a symmetrical, harmonious, pure, chaste 
 amiable and affectionate nature. The depth of the grooves 
 in the red portion of the lips, indicates the steadfastness 
 tenacity and chastity of the love. Smooth, full, red lips 
 denote ardent, earnest, and inconstant affection. Unclean 
 and loosely hung lips, a gross, careless and loose affec- 
 tional nature. The most perfect love will ever be expressed 
 by the magic kiss. This is the purest emblem, or natural 
 language of love, by which its quality and nature can be told ; this is the di- 
 rect and natural channel of love's sweetest magnetism. No one should marry 
 without first testing the quality of love through the poles of the lips. 
 
 It is surprising, even to the accustomed student of this interesting science, 
 to observe the number and variety of the most subtile and exquisite emotions 
 of the soul which are conveyed, as with a distinct and spiritual language, 
 through the delicate lines, shape, and hue of this most beautiful and expressive 
 of the features. Its frankness betrays what the eye seeks to conceal, revealing 
 unconsciously the very depths of the heart. 
 
22 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 A full, stiff upper lip denotes firmness and tenaciiy of 
 purpose. The more it predominates'* over the lower, the 
 more ungovernable and unyielding the nature, and inclined 
 to govern, control, and subdue others. The more pointed 
 and focalized the upper lip, the more concentrated and de- 
 termined the character. " Keep a stiff upper lip" is an old 
 saying, and no one can do much without it. The effort to 
 stiffen and concentrate the muscles of the upper lip, sti- 
 mulates into activity the organs of government ; so the exercise of any of the 
 facial organs stimulates the corresponding faculty of the brain. Thus can the 
 locality of the poles of the organs of the mind be determined. A turned up, 
 vibiati.ig uppt r lip indicates a fickle, unstable character. 
 
 Thus Physigonomy, when based on Physiology and Phrenology, may be re- 
 duced to a perfect system as an index of character and disposition. There are 
 certain nerves connected with the features, which when acted upon produce 
 certain changes in the expression ; as from joy to sorrow, love to hate ; from 
 kindness to revenge ; or from hope to fear, penitence, devotion, etc. The ex- 
 pression will be clear, distinct and comprehensive, or it will be dull, vacant, or 
 imbecile. If you are joyous and happy, the mouth will turn up at the corners 
 thus, -^> ; but if downcast, desponding and miserable, will incline at the corners 
 thus, s— ^. Are you good-natured ? or are you sad, gloomy, dejected? The 
 corners of your mouth alone will tell the story. The nose, chin, eyes, ears 
 lips, and all the other features indicate character. 
 
 The mind is a germ of Divinity, capable of unlimited development and ex- 
 pansion. At first a blank — the most ignorant and helpless of all things — yet 
 capable of rising, higher than anything else in the universe. It may be com- 
 pared to a plant, which under favorable circumstances sends out innumerable 
 successive roots and fibers, buds, leaves and branches. So, conditions and 
 necessity create new faculties and combinations of organs in the brain and face* 
 which change and modify the character of the countenance. 
 
 There appears to be no end to the growth, unfolding, and upbuilding of the 
 tree of life* or living temple of the spirit — the house not made with hands. 
 
 Man is yet in infancy ; like the germ beneath the soil, budding into new and 
 higher life continually — absorbing, and living on finer and more celestial ali- 
 ments. Onward and upward is the destiny of man. I see this prophecy in 
 every innate desire and aspiration of the soul. I behold the golden future (like 
 apples of gold in pictures of silver) radiant and luminous with love, and truth, 
 peace and plenty, harmony, happiness and eternal life. 
 
 The key of mind will unlock the mystery of Man and all the arcana of wis- 
 dom and knowledge. 
 
 Like the plant just looking through the soil, we behold the dawn of endless 
 day^ and hasten to embrace the sun of truth, and kiss the beams of light and 
 love, as they break in upon the uew-born faculties of the soul. The higher we 
 grow up into the Divine Man, the more perfect we become. 
 
 The more perfect we become, the more unitized and 
 illuminated the spirit, until we reflect the perfect image of 
 God, our Father, and Christ, the Redeemer, and become 
 joint heirs w'th him who possesses all things. The higher we rise, the deeper 
 we must sink our roots, and extend the fibers of the soul into the solid ground- 
 work of Nature's eternal principles. The tree of life must be rooted and 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 23 
 
 grounded in the essence of divinity — the infinite, eternal, and unchangeable 
 Father. True greatness and goodness consist in a perfect and harmonious de- 
 velopment of every part of our nature — in a proper blending of soul and body 
 — temperament and senses— spirit and matter. Let nothing prevent the devel- 
 opment of mind, the growth of soul. Fear not to supply the demands of 
 Nature ; self-preservation is the first known law. Every faculty was made to 
 be used, the God within will teach thee all things. Study thyself : trust no 
 man nor book ; worship God, the eternal essence of mind and spirit within. 
 
 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOGNOMY. 
 
 The most direct, safest and best way to study any science is by illustrations 
 symbols and comparisons. Nature is full of diversity, and endless varieties of 
 types, symbols, and shadings of character, as illustrated in the different races, 
 species of animals, and varieties.of plants ; yet she is so simple, truthful, and 
 exact in all her silent teachings, that one need not err, and he that runs may 
 read what the spirit of truth reveals unto all. God's Oracles are written in 
 and on, within and without every atom and organization in and under heaven. 
 They speak but one language, that of truth. There is no confusion in Nature, 
 Behold the different races of men, and the various 
 species of birds and animals. Contrast the seven 
 leading features of the face, the eyes, ears, nose, 
 mouth, cheeks, chin and forehead, with those of the 
 elephant, hawk, (p. 20) cow, ox, horse, eagle, sheep, 
 and goat, as seen in the annexed cuts. The more any of these seven features, 
 resemble those of any animal, the more like the character. Contrast the Indian 
 with those of the white race. We thus learn to 
 discriminate between different tendencies of the 
 mind, as all races of men and species of animals 
 have strong predilections and leading traits of 
 character, which stand out most conspicuous, — 
 shape and mould the countenance. Every thought, word, and deed is 
 brought into judgment and recorded in the book of life, which by the light 
 of se'euce can be read of all men, — " There is nothing secret that shall not 
 be revealed, nothing hid that will not be brought to light." Luke 2 ; 3. 
 
 Every thought we think is shaping our destiny and weaving the web we 
 must weir through eternity. It is hard to change the deformed monstrosity, 
 or develop the dwarfed idiot. Unchangeable laws control mind ana matter. 
 Trifle not with thy talents ; improve the precious moments, the innumera- 
 ble opportunities of life. Eternity is long, but time is precious, as it weighs so 
 heavily on the future destiny of man. A deed done cannot be undone ; an op- 
 portunity missed, a moment lost, cannot be recalled. Every revelation of 
 nature and manifestation of mind proves the eternity of life and death, as to 
 individualities, although every particle of matter in the Universe is immortal, 
 
24 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 and has evidently existed from eternity self-existent. Nevertheless the forms 
 of all organized bodies change continually, and will so change eternally, never 
 remaining the same. Stagnation is death and disorganization ; action alone is 
 life. 
 
 Attraction and repulsion produce all action ; heat all expansion ; love all 
 life, hatred and antagonism, death. Heat is positive ; cold is negative. Heat 
 is life ; cold is death. 
 
 We must live consistent with self or perish. The talent unimproved is lost 
 
 As the growth of weeds, noxious plants and animals, must give place to a 
 higher and still higher order, and as they enrich the soil by absorbing the ele- 
 ments of life from the light and air, and prepai e it for a higher and better ge- 
 nus of plants and fruits, so does Man's existence, life, and death prepare the 
 way for a finer, more spiritual, and more celestial life in the race. Many germs 
 perish, many blossoms are blasted, much seed wasted — broad the road to de- 
 struction, but strait and narrow the way to eternal life. 
 
 One way alone conducts us aright ; ten thousand lead astray. All matter 
 being eternal there is nothing lost,— extremes always meet — everything runs in 
 a circle. Death is life ; God is economical. There are fixed laws working the 
 redemption of every atom. Hell is the iurnace where God purifies the spirit. 
 The woes and agonies of life work salvation or disorganization. In the endless 
 future of our world, the working of these internal laws, will either redeem or 
 utterly destroy every lost soul and wandering spirit. The wicked shall perish 
 out of the earth , none but the good and true have the gift of eternal life dwell- 
 ing in them. The very nature of sin is death. This diseased, fallen, and de- 
 generate race will be saved by the help of the care of God, through Christ the 
 sun and center of all things. 
 
 SOUL AND BODY. 
 
 The Soul or Spirit, the unseen, unsearchable essence of Mind, constitutes 
 the Divine Man ; permeating the body, which may be compared to a stringed 
 instrument, having the capacity or elements of harmony. 
 
 The nerves, the eye, and the senses and faculties generally, are the chords 
 and artificial framework which God has woven round the quickened spirit, 
 which has the power of life and action within itself. The soul and body are 
 Lif e _a harp of a thousand strings, fitted, when in harmony with itself— for God 
 and the angels to play upon. 
 
 In the present life, the soul requires a body, a nervous system, a brain, — 
 through which to act on the world of matter. Spirit communicates with 
 spirit, and mind with mind even at great distances. 
 
 The intellectual, moral and spiritual powers, are the crowning elements of 
 man's nature ; the other powers and propensities, which are also possessed 
 by the animals, are subsidiary, and to be subservient to them. 
 
 The natural powers being favorable, a proper use of all the mental organs 
 insures right development and happiness in this world. 
 
 The functions of these several organs are governed by fixed laws. Phre. 
 nologv is the science that explains these laws, and consequently enables us 
 to guide the mental powers in accordance therewith. No part of the body 
 can be affected without a corresponding effect on every other part. 
 

 BRAIN EXPOSED. 
 
 WITHOUT WHICH THE SOUL WOULD BE INEXPRESSIBLE. 
 
 Seven Senses, viz: Sensation, Sight, Hearing, Intuition, Taste, Smell, 
 Motion. 
 
 Temperaments, There are sev 
 en temperaments, seven senses, sev- 
 en grand divisions of the brain, and 
 seven colors in light. Seven notes 
 in Music, etc. It requires seven to 
 make a perfect whole- ^Ye have 
 seven days. There are seven spirits 
 of God around the throne of Mind, 
 ■ Frequent allusions to this mystic 
 gall. number are found in the Bible. 
 
 1st. Sensation, or Sensorium, from which the senses derive their names. 
 A central group of organs in the ** medulla oblongata" — the focus of the 
 mind, and center of the nervous system, It is the fountain of the nervous 
 organism, which creates the sense of feeling. The innumerable ramified 
 nerves that permeate the body, are but an extension of the brain organs — the 
 conductors or channels of the mind. Like the fibers and roots of a plant, 
 they supply the brain with negative animal magnetism, generated in the 
 compound organized batteries of the body, and conduct the spiritual and 
 mental magnetism from the brain to the extremities of the physical man. 
 
 Thus woven together, the many members and faculties of our nature form 
 one body. 
 
 Sensation is the sentinel of life ; the quickened spiritual perception of all 
 facts and phenomena; the root of all the senses ; the primary central sense — 
 like the sun in the center of the solar system — in connection with motion. 
 
 2d. Sense of motion. Webster says, the pri- 
 mary idea of language is motion — to move. He 
 would consider this the central Word. We build on 
 this basis that motion and sensation are the central 
 sense — the first effect of positive and negative forces- Attraction, repulsion, 
 and motion are the triune key of the Universe. 
 
 The nerves of motion and sensation are intimately wedded together; those 
 of motion quickening the muscles into action, as those of sensation quicken 
 the body into feeling. The nerves of motion rise and center in the phreno-or- 
 gans of Equi-Motiveness, as the nerves of sensation emanate from the organ 
 of Consciousness, located in the little back-brain called the cerebellum, and 
 which produces the infinite variety of involuntary motions of the voluntary 
 muscles. If the right lobe of this organ be cut, the individual revolves to the 
 left, and vice versa. 
 
 These senses are the first step in the scale of gradual development that ele- 
 vates animal above vegetable life. The chief corner stone of the great temple 
 of mind, they should be wisely trained and properly cultured. The larger the 
 
26 WICKES' PHKENO-CHART 
 
 more vigorous the cerebellum, the stronger, more energetic and effectual the 
 motions, and the keener, inore acute and clear the sensations. All the elements 
 of motion and sensation are generated in the lower brain. Here all the nerves 
 of the brain focalize, concentrate, and extend down through the spinal column 
 to every part of the system. The brain organs being positive, medical electri- 
 city, must be applied naturally, in the order of nature. The object should be 
 to create and establish the to and fro current as natural as possible, in order to 
 remove obstructions, and ueal the sick and disordered nerves, and the relaxed 
 and wasted muscles. These senses should be instinctive monitors in the mat- 
 ter. But this subject is treated upon in detail by the author, in his work on 
 Medical Electricity. 
 
 3d. Sense of Taste. This guards the stomach, and is 
 located in the mouth and palate, consisting of the numerous 
 flattened nerves covering the tongue, etc., which enable us to 
 judge of the quality of food. It is not, however, an infallible 
 guide. Unsavor} r articles may be wholesome, while substan- 
 ces which please the palate may act as poisons. Taste should be trained and 
 cultivated ; as this organ is the first developed, so it seems to lose its activity 
 the last. 
 
 We should masticate our food thoroughly, and mingle the saliva properly 
 with it, before swallowing. 
 
 Alimentiveness takes cognizance of tastes or flavors, and probably of odors 
 also. It is not improbable, however, that the compartment generally assigned 
 to alimentiveness really contains a group of organs, one of which may have the 
 appreciation of odors-for its special function ; but this has not been fully deter- 
 mined upon. Anatomically, we find that the nerve of smell communicates di- 
 rectly with the perceptive faculties, as well as with those which lie posteriorly 
 in the base of the brain. 
 
 4th. Sense of smell. The sentinel of the lungs, located 
 ^ in the nose, takes cognizance of odors, the emanations of all 
 substances. 
 By means of smell, the external world acts upon man and 
 animals from a distance. 
 
 We should sleep with our mouths shut, and breathe through the nose. The 
 sense of smell should be cultivated. The fine, sensitive nerves, covering the 
 inner coat of the nose, should be exercised, or they weaken and perish, hke the 
 muscles of the body, or the organs of the brain, for the talent that is not im- 
 proved will be taken away. There is infinite improvement to be made, and 
 pleasure to be enjoyed by the proper cultivation of all the faculties of the mind. 
 5th. Sense of Hearing. Caused by the vibratory ac- 
 tion of the waves of air upon the drum of the ear. It is 
 located in the center of the side head, producing the sen- 
 sation of sound upon the brain. The ear is peculiarly con- 
 structed to catch and concentrate sound, which stimulates 
 all the faculties, especially the impulcive organs situated 
 around the ears. The dog growls and barks before he bites , 
 man talks loudly, when angered, before he fights. The 
 lion roars before pouncing upon h's prey. The thundering cannon impels to 
 deadly conflict 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 27 
 
 Music, the poetry and harmony of sound, when her seven keys and notes are 
 properly blended, produces the most enchanting and elevating influence, be- 
 cause it soothes, calms, and harmonizes every organ of the mind and faculty of 
 the soul. 
 
 6th. Sense of Sight. " If thine eye be single, thy 
 whole body is full of light." Jesus. 
 
 God said M Let there be light, and there was light." 
 Light, the finest, most spiritualized and luminous 
 material substance — is the key of Life, and the link be- 
 tween mind and matter. 
 
 The eye is the organ of sight, connected with the per- 
 ceptive group of organs by seven pairs of nerves. The optic, or central nerve 
 telegraphs all impressions made upon the retina, which is the most sensitive 
 and delicate organ we possess, and needs more care, cultivation, and protection 
 than any other; hence i's location in the cavity of the skull, surrounded by 
 powerful bones and muscles, protected by eyebrows, lids and lashes, lubricated 
 by wonderful secretions, which keep the eye in working order. 
 
 Tth. Intuition. The all-absorbing, soul-quick- 
 ening sense. The mysterious and incomprehensible 
 operations of natural and spiritual life can be only 
 understood through this sense. It embraces all the 
 interior organs of the mind, which are but different 
 faculties of this grand illuminating sense. It corres- 
 ponds to the instinct of animals, and the inspiration of 
 angels; enabling man to come into rapport with the 
 immaterial and spiritual, and to communicate with 
 galileo. the Infinite Intelligence. When predominating, in 
 
 harmony with the temperaments, and other senses, it leads man, by the infal- 
 lible "inner light" "that lighteth every man that cometh into the world.'' 
 
 When strong it produces a clear, illuminated countenance ; sharp, pene- 
 trating eyes; thin skull; compact and predominating brain ; enabling its pos- 
 sessor to gain intuitive knowledge without the study of bo>ks. When defi- 
 cient, the individual is stupid, dull, and thoughtless. Can never succeed as a 
 scholar, nor accomplish much in life, unless by continual, persistent cultivation 
 of the internal sense of thinking, which is, like all the faculties, capable of 
 growth. 
 
 Those possessing this intuitive power in a large degree, will be able to re- 
 ceive and appreciate knowledge beyond the perception of the age in which 
 they live. They are often in advance of their times. " The world moves, ,J 
 said Galileo, eloquent and fearless under the clear perceptio 1 of truth insp* ed 
 by the rction of this almost divine faculty. It is through the recognition of 
 truths as revealed through this sense, that men have endured persecution and 
 martyrdom with unshrinking fortitude. 
 
 CULTIVATION OF THE SENSES. 
 
 Exercise renders the sense of touch more delicate, the sense of tnsts 
 more refined, the sense of smell more acute, the sense of hearing more ex qui- 
 
28 WICKES' PHRE NO -CHART 
 
 site, the sense of sight more perfect, the sense of thinking more inspirational, 
 the muscular senses more effectual. 
 
 Over exercise enfeebles the organs of sensation. There is much danger of 
 over exercising the sight. 
 
 Inhaling intensely active odors, such as smelling salts, etc., have in some 
 cases much injured the sense of smell, while strong spices, liquors, etc., act in- 
 juriously upon the sense of taste. The remedy for over-exercise is entire rest. 
 
 The principles herein developed it is hoped will induce the reader to culti- 
 vate to the full his powers of rationally enjoying this world, and he will under- 
 stand the feeling of Campbell, the poet, when he exclaimed in a letter to a 
 friend : 
 
 •' What adorable beauties of God, and bounties of Nature, we live in with- 
 out knowing." 
 
 Reader, as you value happiness here, and as you hope for happiness hereaf- 
 ter we beseech you, above all things, study yourself. 
 
 All weil-organized human beings have the same number of fingers, toes^ 
 eyes, ears, nerves, and organs of body and brain. They differ not in function, 
 but only in their degree of development. If one be destitute of natural 
 affection, reason, music, calculation, devotion, etc., he is simply unfortunate, 
 perhaps idiotic in some one or more organs ; and it is the province of the 
 phrenologist to determine the relative size and strength of each an 1 all of the 
 crgans of body and mind, and to state who is, and who is not well organized 
 and also to show how each and every one may improve and make the most 
 of his talents, and what he can do best. 
 
 Man is not fated to be good or bad ; but is so organized that he may be 
 either , that is, he may live a virtuous, or a vicions life — it is optional with him. 
 He may rise or fall, be temperate or intemperate, true or false. He may 
 make much or little of himself, and Phrenology explains how. 
 
 Thus, by taking into account the whole man, body and brain — by looking at 
 him from all stand-points, by a careful analysis of his Physiology, Phrenology 
 aud Physiognomy, we may obtain knowledge of all the different nerves of the 
 body, their locations, functions, and uses, and this will reveal to us all the signs 
 of character, and how to read them. 
 
 The Temperaments indicate the different qualities and conditions. A know- 
 ledge ot Physiology enables us to determine the temperaments, and their rela- 
 tive effects on character ; and also the health and strength of the organization, 
 whether good or bad, weak or strong, coarse or fine. Let it be remembered 
 tuai the quality of the body and brain has as much to do with determining 
 their strength and power as the quantify. Are you fine or coarse ? 
 
 Yeliei no one misunderstand or misapply the use of these terms, which are 
 only relative in their significance. A poetic and artistic temperament may be 
 a desirable gift, yet in the great scale oi humanity its value will not perhaps be 
 fouDd g i eater, or more adapted to the true ends of existence than one of an op- 
 posite quality. Each in its place fulfils its purpose ; nor should we accord to 
 one a questionable elevation over the other. All are necessary to the harmo- 
 ny of the great whole ; only so is it perfected. It is only the nearness of con- 
 tact which renders one temperament apparently desirable — another distasteful. 
 Each. to his work. After ages will not distinguish with scrutinising carefulness 
 the designer from the builder of the pyramids. 
 

 KEY TO THE PHRENO-C H ART. 
 
 1. FinuRE 1 signifies very small and deficient 
 
 2. Small and weak ; influenced by other organs. 
 
 3. Moderate; exerting some influence. 
 
 4. Average; exert'ng a fair influence ; controlled by circumstances. 
 
 5. Above average ; with fair opportunities habitually manifested. 
 
 6. Large ; constitutes a marked and predominant trait. 
 
 7. Very large ; overruling the other organs ; amounting to deformity. 
 The sign -|- will be affixed whenever the orgau is somewhat larger than the 
 
 number indicates ; and the sign — when somewhat less. 
 
 To know what organs require to be cultivated, an 1 what to be restrained, is 
 most important. This will be indicated by curving the dash upward whenever 
 the faculty is too small, and requires cultivation, and downward whenever it 
 requires regulation, restraint, or right direction, 
 
 * 
 
 THE HUMAN BRAIN. 
 The human brain is an oval mass filling and fitting the interior of the skull, 
 and consisting of two substances, a gray, ash-colored, or cineritious portion, 
 and a white, fibrous, or medullary portion. It is divided 
 both in form and function into two principal masses, 
 — the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The cerebrum is 
 divided longitudinally into two equal hemispheres, and 
 each of these in its under surface into three lobes. But 
 the most remarkable feature in the structure of the cere- 
 bral globe is its numerous and complicated convolutions, 
 the furrows between which dip deeply down into the 
 brain. By means of these foldings the surface of the 
 brain exposed. brain is greatly increased, and power gained with the 
 greatest economy of space ; for it is a demonstrated fact that in proportion to 
 the number and depth of these convolutions is the mental force. "The mind's 
 revolvings are here represented in moving spirals, and the subtile insinua- 
 tion of thought, whose path is through all things, issues with power from the 
 form of cerebral screws. They print their shape and make themselves room 
 on the inside of the skull, and are the most irresistible things in the human 
 world." 
 
 The cerebellum lies behind and immediately underneath the cerebrum, and 
 is about one eighth the size of the latter organ. It is divided into lobes and lo- 
 bules, and consists of a gray and a white substance, like the cerebrum, but dif- 
 ferently disposed, the white portion being internal in the cerebrum, and exter- 
 nal in the cerebellum in which, also, both substances are disposed in thin plates 
 instead of convolutions. 
 
 Extending from the base of the brain to the atlas or bony pivot on Which 
 the head rests, is the medulla oblongata. It is conical in shape, and may be 
 c -nsidered the head or beginning of the spinal cord, which continues it, and, in 
 fact, extends the brain down the vertical canal, and by means of the nerves 
 wh : ch it gives off and which pass through notches between the vertebrae, con- 
 nects it with every part of the body. There are generally reckoned eleven 
 pairs of nerves arising from the brain, and thirty-one from the spinal marrow. 
 It is thus seen that the whole nervous apparatus is included in the mental sys- 
 tem, and that the brain, as the organ of the overruling mind should be, as it 
 unquestionably is, is omnipresent in the human body. 
 
^> 
 
 n 
 
 MIKIATDBE PHHEPJO-CHART & COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 A NEW SYSTEM OF PHRENO-PHYSIOGNOMY, COMPRISING MANY 
 NEWLY DISCOVERED PHRENO-ORGANS, TOGETHER WITH A 
 DELINEATION OF THE PHRENO-CHARACTER, TALENTS, DIS- 
 POSITION, AND BUSINESS QUALIFICATIONS OF 
 
 AS GIVEN BY ._ 
 
 Practical Phrenologist and Physiognomist. 
 Examined this day of A. D. 18 
 
 " Man's greatest knowledge is himself to know." 
 
 Man is a Microcosm ; an epitome of the Universe ; a Germ of Deity. The 
 Brain is the seat of the soul. It consists of a plurality of faculties, constructed 
 upon the principle of the compound galvanic battery. 
 
 SIZE OP THE BRAIN ( Inches.) 
 
 Size of head. Other conditions being equal, the size of the brain and of 
 each organ is the measure of .its mental power. 
 
 1. YERY SMALL Is incapable of mental effort, or of experiencing much 
 pain or pleasure. 
 
 2. Small. Your mind is, at best, but weak and inferior. May be intuitive, 
 and manifest some sharp traits of character, but lacks common sense. 
 
 A head marked 1, or 2, will be idiotic, and its owner cannot take care of 
 himself. 
 
 3. MODERATE. You have a contracted mind ; are smart in little matters ; 
 easily controlled by others. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE, 31 
 
 4. AVERAGE. Yours is not u very large mind, but it is bright and active. 
 You will accomplish more than some who have a much Larger head than you. 
 With proper culture you will atta n ami achieve much. 
 
 2. Average. Under favorable circumstances may do well in your sphere 
 but will be incapable of great undertakings. 
 
 5. FULL. Yours is a mnd of fair power, if properly cultivated. With 
 assistance, capable of accomplishing much, of making itself felt in society, and 
 of wielding a large influence, yet incapable of great, independent achievements. 
 
 2. Full. Although your brain is of full size, the mind is an ordinary one. 
 
 6. LARGE. Yours is a mind of fine and large power. You can wield an 
 extensive influence ; can make yourself felt, among your friends at least, if not 
 by the world at large ; can accomplish much. 
 
 2. Large. You have a strong mind ; with care and culture can rise to 
 eminence, if not pre-eminence. 
 
 3. Large. You have a fine brain, a fine mind, but not physical energy, sta- 
 mina, power to sustain it. Your head will devour your body. You have a 
 tendency, whether inherited or otherwise, to derangement of the mind — to in- 
 sanity — against which you would do well to guard. 
 
 4. Large. Yours is a large brain ; a strong, but not brilliant mind. 
 
 5. Large. Yours is a strong character, but an eccentric and peculiar one. 
 You are known for oddities, for an unlikeness to others. 
 
 7. VERY LARGE. Yours is a very powerful mind. Are a mental giant ; 
 can control circumstances, and mould public opinion and action at will. 
 
 EDUCATION", TEXTURE AND TEMPERAMENTS GOVERN. 
 
 Cultivation. The mind is like a garden. Temperaments correspond to 
 the soil. The faculties increase with exercise ; they decrease with inaction. 
 " No excellence without labor." 
 
 Texture. While size gives momentum, fineness of quality imparts worth 
 weight, solidity, and endurance. 
 
 Organic Tone. 
 
 3. MODERATE. You are rather plain in taste, sentiment and desires; 
 practical, rather than refined ; not very poetic 
 
 2. Moderate. You are one of the plain-grained, homespun, every day 
 kind, — not one of the more refined, polished, exquisite. 
 
 4. AVERAGE. You are not sensitive to impression ; have not a keen, 
 fine nerve ; do not suffer or enjoy very intensely ; have not a very fine taste. 
 
 5. FULL. You are not wanting in refinement of feeling, delicacy of senti- 
 ment and intensity of conception. 
 
 2. Full. Yours is a rather refined, sensitive temperament capable of the 
 higher polish, of the finer feelings; alive to pleasure and pain; but there is 
 some little dross in it, — some alloy with the true metal. 
 
 6. LARGE. Yours is a refined, sensitive, susceptible soul. You enjoy and 
 suffer deeply, keenly, — almost too much so for your own best peace. 
 
 2. Large Yours is a very nice, fine, sweet, tasty, dainty, delicate nature, 
 You should cultivate a plain, practical common sense, every-day tone. 
 
32 WICKES' PRRENO-CHART 
 
 3. Large. You are as sensitive as a naked nerve ; tremulous with joy and 
 sorrow ; written between the two words agony and ecstasy. 
 
 4. Large. You are o\ er-nice, an exquisite ; over- fine, squeamish. 
 VERY LARGE. Yours is a very refined, fcensitive, susceptible, silken tem- 
 perament; much more than ordinar ly so. 
 
 Activity. 
 
 Activity. Imparts quickness, industry, willingness and efficiency ; dispo- 
 sition and ability to make its power available. 
 
 Excitability. Produces the highest degree of intensity of thought and 
 feeling ; easily called into action. 
 
 MODERATE. You are deliberate in movement, but, once fairly at work, 
 you have a good faculty for dispatch. Sometimes do two days' work in one. 
 
 AVERAGE. You are not remarkably active, but rather deliberate and 
 steady-paced ; still you can, and sometimes do hurry. 
 
 FULL. You are quite active, but not too much so ; will hurry when neces- 
 sary. 
 
 2. Full. You are active enough, tolerably quick and sprightly in move- 
 ment, but you do not like to confine yourself to anything like hard work. 
 
 LARGE. You are very lively, active, quick in all your motions. 
 
 2. Large. You are active in movement; livery, spry, quick, res'less ; al- 
 ways in motion ; likely to wear out rather than rust out ; are almost too active. 
 Should learn to be more slow, quiet, steady and deliberate — to save energy. 
 
 3. Large. You are very spry, light, swift, agile in movement ; alert. 
 
 4. Large. Yours is a supple, flexible frame. You would, with practice, 
 succeed well, by your strength, in leaping, wrestling, springing, dancing. 
 
 5. Large. You should learn to take life more slowly, deliberately, and pa- 
 tiently. What's the hurry ? Eternity is long. Stop and think. Patience. 
 
 VERY LARGE. You are very active and rapid in all your movements, 
 lively, spry, quick and restless. 
 
 Propelling Power. 
 
 AVERAGE. You have ordinary energy and force of character ; none too 
 much for great enterprises. Should cultivate more activity and propelling 
 power. 
 
 FULL. You have the ability to drive your affairs ; take hold of business 
 with considerable energy and force when roused. 
 
 LARGE. Have great energy and force of character, when roused ; are ca- 
 pable of driving on your business, your purposes and plans too hard ; generally 
 force your way through whatever you undertake. 
 
 VERY LARGE. Have very great energy and force of chaiacter ; much 
 efficiency and enterprise ; drive all before you, and " cut your way through the 
 world ;" put " through by daylight" whatever you undertake. 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 Healthiness. Upon this depends the power and vigor of the system ; 
 strength and harmony of mind. 
 
 Vitality. The brain exhausts, and the body manufactures vitality ; the 
 supply should equal the demand. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 33 
 
 MODERATE. Your constitution is naturally frail. You should, by all 
 means, study physiology, and carefully apply its teachings ; else, from want of 
 health, you will fail to accomplish much. 
 
 2. Moderate. Yours is a delicate constitution; yet you at times flush up 
 to the enjoyment of good health, and a warm, hopeful existence. 
 
 AVERAGE. You are not very rugged or hardy, yet are not often very ill ; 
 but a little thing would affect you. 
 
 2. Average. Your constitution is not rugged, yet it is not tinged or taint- 
 ed with disease, — on y delicate, not unsound. It may last to old age. 
 
 3. Average. Yours is not a healthy constitution ; yet you will endure, and 
 last, and hang on to life, while others, more healthy, will pass away. 
 
 FULL, You inherited a tolerably good constitution, but not the best. 
 2. Full Yours was, and even is a fair constitution, but not the best. 
 
 LARGE. Have a strong constitution, naturally ; can endure a great deal 
 of physical or mental labor. Sometimes a good constitution is impaired by 
 carelessness and neglect. 
 
 2. Large. Strong constitution, which is favorable to both body and mind; 
 hence, can endure great hardships, and much physical and mental fatigue, 
 
 VERY LARGE. Your constitution was made, originally, as if of wrought 
 iron, to endure almost any vicissitude, and still be healthy and strong. 
 
 Present Condition. 
 
 MODERATE. Present tone of your health and nervous system is low. 
 AVERAGE. You are confining yourself too closely indoors ; breathing an 
 impure atmosphere that is wilting you down, 
 
 FULL. You are enjoying very fair health, though you are not very hearty, 
 
 2. Full. You are just now suffering from a slight impairment of the health, 
 but one that is of temporary effect. Will probably soon be all well. 
 
 3. You are exhausted, worn, and overtaxed. 
 
 LARGE. You are at present in very good health ; fresh and hearty. 
 VERY LARGE. Are the very embodiment of good health ; are ^ound. 
 
 The proportions and conditions of the bodii}' organ .^ itfon which modify the 
 manifestations of the character, are commonly baled Ts **3«aments. 
 
 There are three principal Temperaments, the Vital K i.vo. and Mental ; cor- 
 responding to the three colors in light, or the Divi:*; '*. unity in a 1 things. 
 
 THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. The vital Tempera- 
 ment is evinced by large lung*, powerful circulatory system, 
 | and large digestive, regulative, and assimilative organs ; — 
 |f abundance of blood, anc 1 animal spirits ; producing bodily 
 ""■ '<"'. growth, vitality and life. 
 
 MODERATE. Your are too lean and spare to use life to 
 advantage ; will too soon become exhausted, except when 
 excitement keeps you up. 
 
34 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 2. Moderate. Although now rather slenderly and delicately made, you will 
 probably gain much in flesh and fulness, warmth and vitality, 
 
 AVERAGE. You have not a great deal of vitality, animal power, physical 
 vigor, still, you have enough to be able to accomplish much, 
 
 FULL, You have sufficient vitality, fulness, plumpness, and animal energy 
 to resist the cold, nourish the body, and accomplish a good deal physically, 
 and also enjoy a fair share of the comforts of animal life, 
 
 2. Full. Y t ou are not large or powerful, yet you will wear like leather, 
 
 3. Full. You have a fair share of fulness, warmth, juiciness ; yet you are 
 not tough or hardy, but disposed to give way. 
 
 LARGE. Y^ours is a fine, full, plump, warm, juicy.physical nature. Are ca 
 pable of highly enjoying the animal pleasures and comforts. 
 
 2. Large. You are rugged, tough, strong and hardy. Came from a long- 
 lived ancestry, — late to ripen, — best in old age. 
 
 OPAQUE, Dark, Absorbing Temperament. Most unfavorable for men- 
 tality thought, genius and inspiration. 
 
 BILIOUS, or Venous Temperament. Active, compact. Gives intensity 
 and endurance ; favors mentality and education. 
 
 Motive Temperament. 
 
 MUSCULAR, POWERFUL MOTIVE Temperament. Gives physical en- 
 ergy, muscular power, force and strength of character. 
 LOCOMOTIVE Temperament. Corresponding to the 
 Bilious, has a strong, bony system, abundance and hard- 
 ness of muscle, dark, wiry hair, dark eyes, rough, prom, 
 inent features, dark complexion, and a great disposition to 
 locomotive effort, 
 
 The motive temperament is favorable to dignity, to stern- 
 ness, determination, power of will, desire to govern and con- 
 motive. trol others. It gives slowness of passion, but great perinar 
 
 nency of disposition, steadiness and strength of thought, but not brilliancy ; 
 patient application ; frankness , clearness of perception, retentiveness of mem- 
 ory, and soundness of judgment, with a desire to engage in heavy labor, or 
 large business operations. 
 
 MODERATE. You are disposed to use all the strength you have, and 
 think and feel that you have more than you really possess. 
 
 AVERAGE. You are not very strong ; not able to lift large loads, nor 
 strike hard blows, nor put forth much physical effort, except under intense 
 excitement. 
 
 2. Average. Are not very powerful ; not capable of long continued bo- 
 dily effort, still, may endure much of the wear and tear of life. 
 
 3. Average. Have not a very strong frame, but are flexible, light, and 
 graceful in movement ; quite free from awkwardness. 
 
 FULL. Have fair motive power, but are not remarkable for strength. 
 2. Pull. Your bones are not large but you have good muscular power. 
 LARGE. Yours is'a fine physical franie ; flue bone and muscle. 
 2. Large. You tend much to bone aud muscle 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 35 
 
 S. Large. Your bones and joints are too Large to allow you to be very 
 graceful. Are strong but plain, and rather awkward in movement. 
 
 5. Large. You have done more hard work in one way and another than 
 it was weii to do ; have worn yourself too much, toiling with hand and loot. 
 
 VERY LARGE. You are a hewer of wood and drawer of water — emi- 
 nently adapted for labor. 
 
 Mental Temperament- 
 
 MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. Depends on the brain and nervous system, 
 and is accompanied by mental activity, smallness and 
 fineness of muscle, light frame, thin skin, fine hair, 
 delicate frame, and a large brain as compared with 
 the body. 
 
 This temperament, on account of its compactness 
 of muscle and the activity invariably accompanying 
 its predominance, does not lack strength and vigor- 
 as might, perhaps, be supposed. Under the excite- 
 ment of passion, emotion, or the direction of a power, 
 mental. f u i w ^i ? i m p U i s ing through the whole being, it is 
 
 Capable of great endurance, and an intense energy. 
 
 LIGHT, NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT. Most favorable for manifestations 
 of mind, thought, and intuition. Indicating activity of mind and body, with 
 Out corresponding strength. As this temperament gives delicacy to the body, 
 it also imparts a peculiar sensitiveness and vivacity to the mind; a disposition 
 to think, study, and cultivate art, or follow some light, delicate business, 
 
 AVERAGE. Your mind is tolerably active and sensitive to impression^ 
 but not much disposed to the study of books. 
 
 FULL. You are disposed to fair activity of the mind. Your thoughts 
 are generally busy, but seldom so much so as to exhaust you. 
 
 "2 Full. You like to scheme, and plan, and think on the business affairs 
 of life, and in this way your mind is quite active, keen and sensitive, but you 
 are not greatly given to the study of books, — or to literary pursuits. 
 
 S. Full. There is too much heat in your head, and perhaps too little in 
 your hands and feet. You will be likely to suffer from headache- 
 
 LARGE. Your mind is very active, sensitive and intense. You are always 
 thinking, whether waking or sleeping. You should be careful not to over- 
 tax the mind. Should sleep much. 
 
 2. Large. Yours is a lively, active, sensitive mind; somewhat fond of 
 books and study, but more inclined, perhaps, to observation and thought in 
 connection with the affairs of life. 
 
 3. Large. You are liable to suffer from nervousness; nervous diseases. 
 
 VERY LARGE. You are always in a fever of thought, thinking, thinking 
 ever ; too fond of study and mental excitement 
 
 LYMPHATIC, Ease Loving Temperament. Producing 
 both corporeal and mental languor, dullness and inactivity. 
 
 It supplies the lubricating oil to the system. Less incapa- 
 ble of mental effort than slow in exhibiting its results. 
 
36 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 SANGUINE, or Arterial Temperament, indicating a love of exercise 
 or work in the open air, instead of being sedentary. 
 
 THE BALANCED or Mixed Temi e lament, with all the good and evil 
 tendencies of our common humanity, is indicated by 
 a well-proportioned body and head, with no part par- 
 ticularly large or small. Washington, the *' father of 
 his country," calm, cool, dispassionate, furnishes a 
 fine illustration of this temperament. 
 
 Harmony. A perfect balance of brain and tempera- 
 ments is most favorable to health and longevity. 
 
 Modification. The temperaments may be modi- 
 washingtoiN, ** ed ' an( * even ra( iically changed, by diet, exereise, 
 
 habit, study, or contact with opposite temperaments. 
 
 RED, Impulsive Temperament. Produces heat, passion, impulse, feel- 
 ing, enthusiasm, blood. 
 
 SMALL. Your passions are very cold and dead ; your 
 feelings neutral- 
 
 MODERATE. Your passions are not deep or powerful. 
 -AVERAGE. Yours is not a very passional, voluptuous 
 nature. You are not of the tragical kind ; still you are not wanting in feel- 
 ing, not cold. 
 
 2, Average. You are not wanting in passional tone, in depth of feeling 
 when stirred ; still your heart will h t r rdly break. 
 
 FULL, Your passions are of sufficient intensity to enjoy and suffer much 
 to love or hate deeply, but not too much so, 
 
 2. Full. Your feelings are of a plain, earnest reliable cast ; not the voL 
 uptuous or tragical, yet deep and strong. 
 
 LARGE. Your passions are strong, your feelings intense. You love ar- 
 dently when you love, and hate when you have strong prejudices. 
 
 2. Large. Yours is an intensely warm, scarlet, passional, high-wrought 
 so\:l. You will have a rich experience in life. 
 
 3. Large. Yours is a deep, tender nature ; rich and full. 
 
 4. Large. You are almost too luxurious, too voluptuous, too sensuous, 
 Should cultivate the cold and neutral ; try to be calm and stoical. 
 
 5. Large. You have had a large experience in life, what some would call 
 a rich one, and certainly not altogether an innocent one. 
 
 VERY LARGE. Yours is a passional soul, full of love and hate ; very 
 strongly tinged witk the scarlet of life. 
 
 EMOTIONAL Temperament. Indicated by the intensity warmth and fer- 
 vor of the feelings. As objects seen through a colored glass partake of its hues 
 conveying more vivid impressions through the eye to the brain, bo ail the expe- 
 riences of life, whether painful or pleasant, are hightened, intensified, rendered 
 more effective for the time, by the predominance of this temperament. 
 
 MODERATE. You are rather cold in the feelings ; not vivid or impulsive 
 rather slow in forming attachments ; may be deep, but not ardent. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 37 
 
 AVERAGE. You are rather placid and calm in the feelings, not easily 
 interested or excited in love or hate, however deep, 
 
 2. Average. You are calm, quiet, philosophical, Belf-poieed. 
 
 FULL. You are somewhat impulsive and spontaneous in your feelings, 
 
 2. Fill. Your feelings are quite ardent, vivid intense and excitable ; 
 but you control yourself so as to appear smooth, even, and self-poised. 
 
 3. Full. You see things in a distinct light, and speak in an euiphatiq 
 manner. Yes is yes, with you, and no is no, as if printed in capitals. 
 
 LARGE- You are warm, lively, impulsive and vivid in your feelings. 
 
 2 Large. You are very volatile. Your feelings sparkle, and bubble, anci 
 pass away; you are inclined to be fickle, and fond of variety and change- 
 
 3. Large. You are very flush, warm and ardent; very sanguine. Have 
 high animal spirits ; are welling over with fulness of animal life, 
 
 4. Large You are an enthusiast, — zealous and ardent; very devoted. 
 VERY LARGE, Yours is a very ardent fancy, seeing things in bright^ 
 
 vivid, scarlet colors. Your mind flashes and scintilates. 
 
 The structures which, in excess, determine these temperaments, exist in 
 each individual. In one p rson one temperament may predominate — in the 
 next another. Experience proves that they can be, by proper training, essen- 
 tially modified, particularly in youth. But the terms by which the tempera- 
 ments are indicated are often misunderstood. Sanguine has been mistaken for 
 buoyancy of spirits, bilious for tendency to bilious diseases, and nervous for a 
 derangement of the nervous system. Individuals should, therefore, guard 
 against these prevalent errors, by carefully studying the nature and philosophy 
 of the temperaments and their combinations, which they will find both highly 
 interesting and instructive. 
 
 Phrenology teaches not only the use, and action of the brain, but its relation 
 to the physiology of the entire system, showing that to make a perfect man 
 there must be a " sound mind in a healthy body." 
 
 The brain is the complex machinery of the mind. The center and focus of 
 all thought and sensation ; the mysterious, organized battery of the soul. Ac- 
 tivity, quality and size are the measure of mental power. Texture, Education, 
 and Temperaments invariably govern the manifestations of the intellect. 
 
 These constitute the triune, golden guide to character. 
 
 The soul is ever struggling out of the body, shaping the features and mould- 
 ing the physical form to suit its varied necessities; changing the convolutions 
 of the brain, and configuration of the head. Thus the quickening spirit acts 
 out and expresses its inner na:ure upon the external tabernacle, or house we 
 live in, which is destined so soon to crumble away, and leave the naked soul to 
 take its flight untrammeled by dust and clay. 
 
 We can never judge of the real character without estimat'ng the energy and 
 quality of Soul itself, as we have briefly endeavored to describe them in the 
 foregoing pages. 
 
 These energies, impulses, and subtle peculiarities of temperament are the 
 living fires, the hidden enginery, the steam-generators which propel the intri- 
 cate and beautiful machinery of the brain, where spirit and matter mysteriously 
 unite, blended and interwoven in a mystic web, "fearfully and wonderfully 
 made," 
 
38 
 
 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART. 
 
 PHRENO-ORGANS :— NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 
 
 DIRECTIVES, SOCIALS, AND IPSEALS 
 THE PRIMITIVE GRAND DIVISIONS OF THE RRAIN. 
 
 Duality. The brain and faculties of the mind are dual, as well as the func- 
 tions of the body. 
 
 Directives. 
 
 The intellectual, knowing, and directing faculties occupy the forehead — the 
 part of the brain uncovered with hair. They receive impressions through 
 the external senses, transmit them to, and treasure them in the mind. They 
 may be divivided into four genera, viz : 
 
 PERCEPTIVES, RETENTIVES, REFLECTIVES, INTUIT1TES. 
 
 GENUS FIRST: PERCEPTIVES. 
 
 Located around the eyes ; relate te sight ; receive impressions through the 
 large. senses, directly from external ob- small. 
 
 jects, modify and transmit them to 
 the conscious center in the medul- 
 la oblongata, (sensory) where the 
 mind is focalized in the organ of 
 Consciousness, and operates in a 
 mysterious way, not yet fully under- 
 stood. These faculties take cogni. 
 zance, through the senses, of all the 
 phenomena of nature ; accumulate 
 perceptives. facts and statistics ; are the source Reflectivfs. 
 
 of the exact sciences ; give talent for practical business ; disposition to enter 
 upon new enterprises, and experiment personally in the active realiiies of life 
 They bring man into cod tact with the external world, lead him from the inner 
 to the outer life, adapting him to its uses. 
 
 Analysis of th$ Perceptives. 
 
 Individuality. Power of observation ; ability to see many things at once, 
 and make accurate distinctions. 
 
 Form. Memory of shape of things. Ability to draw, draft or map ; mem- 
 ory of faces and forms. 
 -• ■ Size. Ability to judge of distance, bulk, hight, depth, breadth, magnitude 
 
 Weight. Gives the idea of force, resistance, momentum, balancing, shoot- 
 ing, etc. 
 
 Color. Ability to distinguish and remember color, hues, tints, shades ; 
 leads to painting. 
 
 Order. Love of system, arrangement ; neatness, method, rule ; a place for 
 everything. 
 
 Calculation. Numerical computation; ability to reckon figures in the 
 head ; also to plan, contrive, bring about results from given causes. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 39 
 
 GENUS SECOND: RETENTIVE. 
 Located immediately above the Pereeptives, give fulness to the central 
 forehead, above the brow ; are the 
 foundation of memory, history and 
 knowledge. The memory also retains 
 ideas when facts are presented to 
 the mind. These constitute the store- 
 house of the brain, where all the re- 
 suits of experience, effort, discipline, 
 suffering, in short, all the A r aried and 
 large, innumerable facts of life, are gar- small. 
 
 nered for future use. Whether the harvest has been scant or abundant may 
 be accurately judged bv the indications represented in the above cuts 
 
 Analysis of the Metentives. 
 
 Locality. Memory of places; desire to travel, see the world; ability to 
 keep the point of compass. 
 
 Eventuality. Memory of disconnected facts, incidental events ; details ; 
 minutiae of things. 
 
 Memory. Recollection of phenomena, circumstantial and historical'faets, 
 general memory. 
 
 Time. Cognizance of lapse of time, succession, measure inverse or music. 
 
 Tune. Tone ; sense of melody and musical harmony ; ability to learn tune, 
 desire to sing. 
 
 Modulation. Innate sense of emphasis and pronunciation; ability to 
 modulate the voice ; distinguish sounds. 
 
 Expressiveness. Verbal memory ; powvr of expressing ideas ; desire and 
 ability to talk. Capability of impressing others in conversation. 
 
 Names- Located back of the eye. Memory of proper names ; crowds the 
 eye outward, not downward. 
 
 GENUS THIRD. REFLECTIVES. 
 Reasoning and reflective faculties, located above Memory, give breadth 
 
 and depth to the upper forehead and 
 
 receive impressions from the other 
 
 organs, through the central mind, or 
 
 sensation. They enable the mind to 
 
 perceive the relation of thing-, — to 
 
 know the why and wherefore, — to 
 
 analyze, criticise, and discriminate. 
 
 The)' constitute the scale, guage, and 
 
 lever of the mind : give judgment, dc- 
 large. sire ;o study into causes and effects; small. 
 
 weigh and measure all things in the balance of reason. Give taste and talent 
 for metaphysical science; investigate laws and principles, contrive, create, 
 a#d originate ideas. Are the God in man, bringing order out of chaos, and 
 shaping the world to his creative will. 
 
iO 
 
 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 Analysis of the Organs of Reason. 
 
 Casuality. Power of reason ; discovering first principles ; philosophizing 
 talent ; tracing effects to their causes. 
 
 Contrivance. Ability to adapt means to ends ; ingenuity in planning, de- 
 signing, inventing, etc. 
 
 Comparison. Perception of analogies, resemblances, differences ; ability 
 to compare, classify, criticise, etc. 
 
 Reflection. Desire to reflect, think deeply, inquire into first principles. 
 
 Connectiveness. Ability to see the connection and bearing one thing haa 
 Upon another. 
 
 Prospectiveness. Desire to look forward ; ability to plan for the future. 
 
 Detect ivejness. Ability to criticise, correct, detect, set things to rights. 
 
 SMALL. 
 
 GENUS FOURTH: INTUITIVES. 
 
 These spiritual faculties occupy the throne of the mind, give hight and ele- 
 vation to the forehead, act as the illu- 
 minators of the soul, reaching higher 
 and farther than reason. They deal 
 with the immaterial and the spiritual ; 
 give evidence of the immortality of 
 man, and the reality of spiritual life ; 
 take cognizance of spiritual phenome- 
 na, constitute the eyes of the soul, the 
 organs of instinct and faith, the evi- 
 lakge. dence of things not seen ; bring man' 
 
 in rapport with the heavens, with invisible intelligences, and the Creator. 
 
 Analysis of the Intuitive Faculties. 
 
 Spirituality. Inspiration, instinctive spiritual aspiration ; interior spiri- 
 tual perception. The highest faculty in man. 
 
 Faith. Innate desire to understand, and confidence in invisible realities ; 
 internal evidence of the essence of truth ; trust in Providence. 
 
 Intuition. Prescience ; prophecy ; ability to foresee events, unvail the 
 future, simplify and explain mysteries. 
 
 Credulity. Belief without evidence ; inclination to receive, and desire to 
 examine the new and curious. 
 
 Marvelousness. Love of the wonderful, strange and unaccountable, su- 
 pernatural and spiritual. 
 
 Suavity. Pleasantness, blandness, persuasiveness ; ability to make a fa- 
 vorable impression, to win regard. 
 
 Harmony. Ability to harmonize, unitize, discover the adaptation of things. 
 
 Naturalness. Intuitive perception of character ; disposition of men and 
 animals ; ability to reach and influence them. 
 
 REMARKS ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE IPSEALS. 
 
 The rule which should be our guide in a scientific classification of natural 
 
 objects, is, to arrange together those things which bear the nearest affinity and 
 
 analogy to each other. I conceive that the perfection of any science depends 
 
 almost entirely on the success of its founders in the arrangement, classification 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 41 
 
 and nomenclature of its elements : for this reason I have always been solicitous 
 to discover the natural foundation for a systematic arrangement and correct 
 nomenclature of the Phreno-organs. In considering the \f hole Ipseal class I 
 think I have discovered that from Pneumativeness to Hopefulness there is a 
 regular succession and order of development which a philosophic mind could 
 not easily mistake ; that these organs are connected as a natural chain, consist- 
 ing of twelve or more links, each of wLich, upon a careful analysis, is found to 
 bear the Ipseal character, and to have an undoubted right to be admitted into 
 the family of Ipseal organs. Again, it is evident that the first three Ipseals 
 have one feature in common which is not possessed by any other organs of this 
 class, namely that they directly relate to corporeal, Ipseal wants. 
 
 Socials- 
 
 Which originate actions relating to society and all intelligent beings. 
 They are sub-divided into four species. 
 
 SPECIES I: PROCREATIVES. 
 Foundation of love and physical attraction ; disposition and desire to mul- 
 tiply and replenish the earth. Gen, 1. 28. Desire to live and create life, to 
 move and have a being. Located in the center of the cerebellum or little back 
 brain, give depth and breadth to the same ; are the centerstance, fulcrum, and 
 essence of society ; constitute the physical, or first heaven, These lie at the 
 foundation of the race, first in the scale of being. 
 
 Analysis of the Procreatives. 
 Amativeness. Physical and sexual love. Fondness, attraction and passion 
 for the opposite sex. 
 
 Conjugal Love. Union for life. The pairing instinct. Chaste, exclusive 
 love. Desire to marry, 
 
 Parenttveness. Parental affection; desire to propagate. 
 Equimotiveness. Center of physical and muscular motion; ability to 
 move. Restlessness, muscular activity. 
 
 Vitativeness. Love of existence as such. The d-pead of death and annihi- 
 lation ; tends to repel disease. 
 
 Sanativeness. Desire to avoid the causes of pain and disease ; dread of 
 wounds, sickness, personal injury, etc. 
 
 Ex-Sanativexess. Relates to the healthy discharge of the excretory func- 
 tions. Gives delicacy, modesty in regard to excrementory subjects. 
 
 SPECIES II: ESTABLISHING, ORGANIZING GROUP. 
 Located above the Proc: eatives, back of the middle head, above the ears. 
 Gives domestic and social attrac- 
 tions : establishes homes and lam- 
 ilies ; organizes society into com- 
 munities, tribes, etc. Focalizes 
 and concentrates the mind ; is the 
 foundation of all society ; the en- 
 crgizer and builder-up of every- 
 day life, the fruitful seed which 
 germinates in the healthy com- 
 large. mingling of men and nations, and small. 
 
 in its more extended aspect results in commerce, national intercourse, business 
 relations, and all the arrangements of what is misnamed artificial life, which 
 
12 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 knit the world together, proving the kinship of man with man. The term Do- 
 mestic, generally applied to this group, is of too limited significance. 
 
 Analysis of the Social Organizers. 
 
 Friendship. Sociability, love of company, society and social intercourse ; 
 union of friends. 
 
 Filial Love Family friendship ; love of choice and intimate friends ; ex- 
 clusive and particular, 
 
 Inhabitiveness. Patriotism, attachment to country and home ; desire to 
 dwell in one place. 
 
 Continuity. Application and patience ; inclination to finish up. 
 
 Connectiveness, Ability to retain many things in the mind, at once dis- 
 tinct and connected ; connect things. 
 
 Philoprogenitiveness. Love of children ; care of offspring ; makes one's 
 own children nearer and dearer than anything else on earth ; desire to be with, 
 amuse and instruct them. Love of pets, — young, innocent, helpless creatures. 
 
 SPECIES III: ASPIRING AND GOVERNING GROUP, 
 Foundation of government, political institutions ; desire to control and 
 direct the affairs of church and state, gives a dignified, lofty, aspiring disposi- 
 gen. halleck. tion; creates the love of liberty, justice, independ? 
 
 ence ; is the center and focus of will power. Lo- 
 cated in the crown of the head ; gives elevation 
 above, and a little back of the ear, as seen in the 
 annexed head of Gen. Halleck. This group of facul- 
 ties is clearly marked in all military men who at- 
 tain eminence or position, their- profession being 
 peculiarly adapted for calling it into action. But 
 the development of these organs is no less neces- 
 sary in all professions, trades, etc., where those 
 large. engaged in them desire to attain power or influence. 
 
 These are the kingly qualities ; the indisputable evidences of a right to reign. 
 Analysis of the Governing Organs. 
 Approbativeness. Sense of character, popularity^ fame, dress, display. 
 Ambition. Pride, rivalry ; desire to excel, to gain position and influence; 
 love of competition. 
 
 Self-Esteem, Self-respect, dignity, self-reliance ; desire to control. 
 Conceit. Self-satisfaction, egotism, self-praise — the hero of his own story; 
 measuring others by his own standard. 
 
 Firmness. Stability, decision, perseverance, power of will, fixedness of 
 character and purpose. 
 
 Conscientiousness. Innate sense of right ; equity, justice, duty, principle 
 love of truth and honesty. 
 
 DEVOTIONAL, CONFORMING, SUBMISSIVE GROUP. 
 Desire to conform to existing institutions and customs of society ; to wor- 
 ship and adore the Supreme Being ; submit to the Divine will. Creates as- 
 piration, hope and charitj", the highest and holiest virtues, the best and truest 
 gifts; developes a meek and quiet spirit, which is, in the sight of God " of 
 great price." These are the fountain of love and unity; the harmonizers, the 
 humanizers, the peacemakers, whose is the kingdom of heaven. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 
 
 43 
 
 These adapt man to the condition of things, adorn, and elevate hifl nature; 
 render him a moral, accountable, and religious being ; beget aspiration fl after 
 goodness, virtue, justice, purity, correct principles a higher and holier state, 
 both in this life and that which is 
 to come. When this class of organs 
 is large, the top-head is high, long 
 and broad ; when small, the head is 
 short, narrow, and low at the top, 
 as seen in the head of the Malefac- 
 tor, in contrast with that of Gali- 
 leo, in which the moral sentiments 
 are largely developed, giving the 
 forehead a clear, spiritual aspect. 
 
 Analysis of the Devotional Group. 
 Worship, adoration, devotion, innate sense of a superintend- 
 
 Respect for persons, age, opinions, superiors ; ancient things, 
 
 desire to do good 
 
 Veneration. 
 ing providence. 
 Deference. 
 precedents, etc. 
 
 Benevolence. Charity, generosity, kindness, sympathy ; 
 and make others happy. 
 
 Retrospection, Delight in reviewing the past, its hopes and associations ; 
 tends to reflection, 
 
 Sharpness. Exercise thins the skull, and renders the organs sharp and ten- 
 der, gives intensity. 
 
 SENSORITJM. 
 A central organ of consciousness, located in the medulla oblongata, at the 
 point where the fibers of the brain converge, and where all the nerves of voli- 
 tion and sensation communicate and connect with the brain and each other. 
 Consciousness. Sense of life ; center of the nervous system. 
 Each organ of the brain when excited either impels to action or directs ac- 
 tion, and at the same time excites the mind, evolving ideas and emotions pecu- 
 liar to the organ excited. 
 
 IMPULSIVES. 
 The blind, impulsive faculties of our nature occupy the side, back, and top 
 of the head, the part covered with hair. 
 
 We divide the impulsive organs into Ipseals and Socials, and sub-divide 
 them into Ranges and Groups, 
 
 The Ipseal organs impel to those 
 acts, and produce those feelings 
 which relate exclusively to the ad- 
 vantage of self. These faculties 
 are denominated Ipseals, from the 
 Latin word "ipse," self; they oc- 
 cupy the side-brain, give thickness 
 to the head, are the propelling pow- 
 ers of the mind, adding physical 
 large. fores, strength and energy to its small. 
 
 mental, moral and spiritual elements, linking man's highest to his lowest nature, 
 and enabling the subtile essence of the Soul to manifest itself through matter. 
 
ii 
 
 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 SPURZHEIM. 
 
 RANGE FIRST : IPSEAL, CORPOREAL. 
 These relate to the body, and embrace the lowest faculties of the brain ; 
 give breadth and thickness to the face ; create the desire to eat,- Jive and: 
 breathe ; direct attention to the wants and necessities of the physical organism. 
 
 Analysis of the Corporeals. 
 Alimentiveness. Appetite, relish, desire for nourishing food. 
 Respiration. Desire to breathe ; love of fresh air; dread of suffocation. 
 Flavor. Taste ; ability to judge of the quality of food. 
 Thirst. Desire to drink ; love of water and other liquids. 
 
 RANGE SECOND: EXECUTIVES. 
 Located around the ear ; give force, energy and executive power to the 
 character ; ability to remove obstacles, and overcome opposition ; to defend 
 
 and protect. Readily called into ac- 
 tion by sound on the brain. Relate 
 
 to the sense of hearing. Throw the 
 
 ear somewhat out from the head. 
 
 It is through the excitement of these 
 
 faculties that soldiers are led on by 
 
 martial music to face with courage 
 
 danger and dea:h. Large in the heads 
 
 of Washington and Spurzheim, as 
 
 seen in these cuts. 
 
 Analysis of the Executives. 
 
 De structiveness. Severity, extermination, desire and ability to destroy^ 
 conquer, kill, annihilate and remove opposing obstacles. 
 
 Executive ness. Energy, zeal, thoroughness, propelling power ; ability to 
 execute, accomplish, and attain the object desired. 
 
 Combativeness. Defense, resolution, force, courage, defiance, boldness, 
 resentment of opposition. 
 
 Defectiveness. Ability to discern defects ; see faults and pick flaws. Per- 
 verted, — scolding and backbiting, leads to lying, 
 
 RANGE THIRD: PRUDENTIALS. 
 
 Disposition to accumulate and provide for the wants and necessities of the 
 body and mind. To avoid danger, to guard, conceal, shield and protect the 
 system against want and danger. 
 
 Analysis of the Prudentials. 
 Acquisitiveness. Frugality, saving, industry, thrift, selfishness. 
 Economy. Ability to retain, and make small means answer great and nu- 
 merous ends. 
 
 Secretiveness. Self-control, policy, tact, or artifice. Ability to secrete, 
 evade, excuse. Cunning. 
 
 Cautiousness. Carefulness restraint, anxiety ; fear, prudence, discretion, 
 provision. 
 
 RANGE ?OURTH: PERFECTIYES. 
 
 Give width to the upper side head ; are the foundation of mechanism, taste 
 and skill, ability to understand the laws of mind and matter, and control the 
 elements. Create a love for poetry, painting, beauty and finish ; give a desire 
 to expand, experiment and speculate. Act as wings to the soul. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LI.*E. i r > 
 
 Analysis of the Per/ectives, 
 
 Const KucTiYENESs. Mechanical dexterity and ingenuity; manual skill ; 
 
 inventive and constructive ability. 
 
 Ideality. Taste, fancy, love of perfection, poetry and the line arts ; love of 
 the beautiful. 
 
 Refinement. Delicacy, purity, and chastity of feeling and sentiment. 
 
 Sublimity. Love of the grand, vast, endless and infinite ; produces sub- 
 lime emotions and enthusiasm 
 
 Mirthfulness. Gaiety, hilarity, playfulness ; fondness for sport, fun, glee. 
 
 Wit, Innate sense of the absurd and ludicrous; original wit; ability to 
 joke and ridicule. 
 
 Thers are many traits of character which arise from a combination of fa- 
 culties and temperaments. 
 
 These questions are framed to meet such cases, and to convey the informa- 
 tion generally required. 
 
 It is more difficult to mark these questions correctly, than to mark the size 
 of the Phreno-organs. They are more important and useful to the persons ex- 
 amined. 
 
 QUERIES. 
 
 To what extent am I inclined to intemperance ? To conceal my intentions ? 
 To deceive, should success or safety require it ? 
 
 To be courageous when exposed to danger ? To anticipate danger and 
 prepare for it? 
 
 How far does the state of my health seem to be favorable to energy and 
 talent ? 
 
 Am I inclined to invention and mechanical operations ? Shall I be suc- 
 cessful in original invention? Can I improve upon the inventions of others? 
 To what degree am I inclined to be venturesome in business matters ? To la. 
 bor for the accumulation of property ? 
 
 Have I attended to self-improvement ? Am I sufficiently prudent and eco- 
 nomical ? What is my talent for natural mechanical science ? 
 
 Am I adapted to literature and the fine arts? Am I capable of being a 
 musician ? Have I the ability to execute instrumental music .' What is my 
 natural ability to conceal and express emotions ? 
 
 What are my talents for public speaking ? Metaphysics, theory, and ab- 
 stract science ? For theological, moral, and spiritual science ? For the 
 mathematical, natural, and exact sciences ? 
 
 How far am I naturally disposed to conform to the institutions, customs and 
 ceremonies of society ? 
 
 Could I by cultivation become fluent in speech ? 
 
 To what extent am I inclined to be cheerful and buoyant under adverse cir- 
 
 Icumstauces ? 
 Would I be true to the conjugal relation? Ami inclined to be jealous 
 without just cause? To concentrate r.vA limit my operations to a particular 
 home and subject., instead of changing and rambling ? 
 Am I able to control and direct others ! To be controlled by others? 
 How high is my pride compared with my vanity? 
 
46 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 Am I sufficiently ambitions of distinction and applause ? Am I more sel- 
 fish than generous? Have I sufficient sympathy and charity for others? 
 Do my feelings and emo ions get the better of my judgment ? Can I control 
 my temper and govern my passions ? 
 
 Is a mixed, or a fruit and vegetable diet best for me ? 
 
 Can I rely upon my own judgment in matters of business, or should I coun- 
 sel and advise with my friends ? Have I sufficient regard for reputation, 
 dress, and appearance, justice and self-respect ? Am I liable to be influenced 
 to do wrong by the example and persuasion of associates ? Have I sufficient 
 moral courage to associate with and reform the vicious ? Am I more conser- 
 vative than radical? Are my conceptions of men and things correct and reli- 
 able? Would I succeed in business for myself? Am I liable to anticipate 
 more than I can realize ? Am I sufficiently inclined to cultivate my talents ? 
 
 Can I rely upon my judgment in the choice of a conjugal companion, or a 
 partner in business ? Should I follow my own judgment and first impressions 
 in regard to matters of love and business ? 
 
 Am I sufficiently discriminating in regard to my asssociates ? 
 
 What is my ability for acquiring knowledge by observation, traveling and 
 experience ? From books, study and reflection ? Would I make a good 
 teacher ? Am I better adapted to mental than muscular effort ? 
 
 Would I succeed in trade or speculation with or without a partner ? 
 
 WHAT BUSINESS AM I BEST ADAPTED TO ? 
 You would succeed best in the profession, trade, business, study or pursuit 
 marked in the following list. 
 
 TRADES AND PROFESSIONS. 
 
 Artistic. Actor. Daguerrean. Designer. Draughtsman. Engraver. 
 Florist. Gardening, Ornamental. Historical Painter. Landscape Painter. 
 Portrait Painter. Modeler. Musician. Sculptor. 
 
 Mechanical. Baker. Bookbinder. Blacksmith. Bricklayer. Butcher. 
 Cabinet Maker. Carpenter. Carriage Maker. Carriage Ironer. Carriage 
 Trimmer. Compositor. Cooper. Dentist. Dressmaker. Engineer. Finish- 
 er of work. Founder. General Mechanic. Harness Maker. Inventor. Jew- 
 eler. Machinist. Manufacturer. Miller. Milliner. Molder. Penman. Pic- 
 ture-frame Maker. Print -r, Shoemaker. Silversmith. Stone Cutter. Sur- 
 geon. Tanner. Upholsterer. Watchmaker. 
 
 Trade. Accountant. Agent. Auctioneer. Bookseller. Cattle Dealer- 
 Commission Business. Clerk — Dry Goods — Fancy Goods. Grocer. Lumber 
 Dealer. Hardware. Importer. Jobber. Publisher. Salesman. Stock 
 Jobber. 
 
 Business. Agent, General Business, Insurance, Express, Freight. — 
 Banker. Broker. Canvasser. Cashier, Collector, Conductor, Contrac- 
 tor. Conveyancer, Financier. Librarian. Post Master. President of Bank, 
 Ra : lroad, Insurance Co., or Deliberative Body. Real Estate Dealer. Su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 Literary. Author. Attorney. Dramatic Writer. Editor, Literary* 
 
AND COMPASS OP LIFE. 47 
 
 Political. Elocutionist. Governess. Historian. Lecturer. Novelist, Ora- 
 tor, Poet. Preacher, Reporter. Teacher. 
 
 Scientific, Chemist, Diplomatist. Editor. Engineer. Geographer. 
 Jurist. Lecturer. Naturalist. Navigator, Phrenologist, Physician, Sur- 
 geon. Surveyor, 
 
 Miscellaneous, Farmer, Fisherman, Horseman. Hotel Keeper, Li- 
 very Keeper. Policeman, Politician, Seaman, Soldier, Statesman, Stock 
 Raiser. Watchman, 
 
 DEVELOPMENTS FOR PARTICULAR PURSUITS 
 
 Lawyers require the mental-vital temperament, to give them intensity of 
 feeling and clearness of intellect ; large Eventuality, to recall law cases and 
 decisions; large Comparison, to compare different parts of the law and 
 evidence — to criticise, cross-question, illustrate, and adduce similar cases ; and 
 large Language, to give freedom of speech. Phrenology will tell you how to 
 acquire and use these faculties. Try it. 
 
 Statesmen require large and well-balanced intellects, to enable them to 
 understand and see through great public measures and choose the best course, 
 together with high moral heads, to make them disinterested, and seek the 
 people's good, not selfish ends. 
 
 Physicians require large Perceptive Faculties, so that they may study 
 and apply a knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology with skill and success ; 
 full Destructivenes3, lest they shrink from inflicting the pain requisite to cure, 
 large Constructiveness, to give them skill in surgery ; large Combativeness to 
 render them resolute and prompt ; large Cautiousness, to render them judi- 
 cious and safe ; and a large head, to give them general power of mind. Phre- 
 nology will predict with certainty whether or not a boy will succeed in this 
 profession. The same is true of dentistry. 
 
 A Clergyman requires the mental temperament, to give him a decided pre- 
 dominance of mind over his animal propensities ; a large frontal and coronal 
 region, the former to give him intellectual capacity, and the latter to impart 
 high moral worth, aims, and feelings, elevation of character, and blamelessness 
 of conduct ; large Veneration, Hope, and Spirituality, to imbue him with the 
 spirit of faith and devotion ; large Benevolence and Adhesiveness, so that he 
 may make all who know him love him, and thus win them over to the paths of 
 truth and righteousness. Clergymen will do well to consult Phrenology ; it 
 will enable them to account for many seeming mysteries, and give them power 
 and influence to do great good. It is in harmony with the highest Christianity. 
 
 Editors also require a mental temperament, with large Individuality and 
 Eventuality, to collect and disseminate incidents, facts, news, and give a prac- 
 tical cast of mind ; large Comparison, to enable them to illustrate, criticise, 
 show up errors, and the like ; full or large Combativeness, to render them spi- 
 rited ; large Language, to render them copious, free, spicy, and racy ; axd large 
 Ideality, to give taste and elevated sentiments. An Editor who understands 
 and applies Phrenology possesses a power which he may use with great effect. 
 
48 WICKES' PHRSNO-CHART. 
 
 Merchants require Acquisitiveness to impart a desire and tact for busi- 
 ness ; large Hope to promote enterprise ; full Cautiousness to render them safe ; 
 large Perceptives, to give quick and correct judgment of the qualities of goods ; 
 good Calculation, to impart rapidity and correctness in casting accounts ; large 
 Approbativeness, to render them courteous and affable ; and full Adhesiveness, 
 to enable them to make friends of customers, and thus retain them. Why is 
 one young man a better salesman than another ? and why is one better worth 
 a salary twice the amount than another I Phrenology answers this by pointing 
 out the constitutional differences, and showing who is and who is not adapted 
 to mercantile life. You had better consult it. 
 
 Mechanics require strong constitutions, to give them muscular power and 
 love of labor ; large Constructiveness and Imitation, to enable them to use 
 tools with dexterity, work after a pattern, and easily learn to do what they may 
 see others do ; and large perceptive faculties, to give the required judgment of 
 matter, and the fitness of things. 
 
 WHOM SHOULD I MARRY? 
 
 The most important conditions and qualifications of a wedded companion 
 with whom you would be best mated you will find marked out below. 
 
 You should marry when about years of age. Your companion 
 
 should be of the character, temperament and general appearance indicated. 
 
 Size. Large. Medium sized. Small. Tall. Of medium hight. Short. 
 Of full form. Slender. Dark complexioned. Fair complexioned. Light 
 complexioned. Round. Plump featured. Sharp featured. 
 
 Eyes. Black eyes. Dark eyes. Dark hazel eyes. Light hazel eyes. 
 Blue eyes. Gray eyes. Large eyes. Small eyes. Full eyes. 
 
 Hair. Black hair. Dark hair. Dark auburn. Light auburn. Light 
 flaxen. Soft, Silken. Harsh. Coarse. Fine. Curling. 
 
 Temperament. Vital. Motive. Mental. Passional. Emotional. Or- 
 ganic quality. Spiritual. Mixed. 
 
 Activity. Health. Size of brain. Social nature. Fidelity of attachment. 
 Energy of character. Temper. Business ability. Prudence. Bravery. 
 Jealousy. Suspicion. Candor. Cunning. Love of praise. Vanity. Pride 
 Disposition to govern. Submissiveness to control. W r ill, Honesty. Cheer- 
 fulness. Faith. Credulity. Religious nature. Kindness. Mechanical ability. 
 Taste. Mirthfulness. Intellect. Observing powers. Judgment. Shrewd- 
 ness. Genius. Charity. Faith. Hope. 
 
 ETHNOLOGY. Closely allied to the study of Phrenology is that of Eth- 
 nology, treating of the races and families and nationalities of men. 
 
 In features you resemble, — Your mother, or her people, — Your father, or 
 bis people. 
 
 In constitution and temperament — Your mother, or her people— Your fa- 
 ther, or his people. 
 
 In mind and inclination — Your mother, or her people — Your father, or hia 
 people. 
 
 You are from a mixed race. 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMY A TRUE SCIENCE. 
 
 That Nature has instituted a Science of Physiognomy, as a facial expres- 
 sion of mind and character, is proclaimed by the very instincts of men and ani-^ 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 49 
 
 mals. The very dog can read the thoughts and intentions of his master ; ran 
 tell whether he is pleased or displeased ; knows who will make a good, and who 
 a cruel master — all by the expressions of the countenance. Nature compels all 
 her productions to proclaim their interior virtues and vices. 
 
 The countenance is so plain an index of character that he who runs may 
 read. One look expresses anger, another affection, another kindness, etc. We 
 express all our mental operations, even to the innermost recesses of our souls, 
 through our countenances, with more minuteness and completeness than by 
 words, especially when the expressions are intense and peculiar. 
 
 Spirits converse mainly by this method of expression ; they look and act 
 their emotions, instead of talking them. The countenance expresses a great- 
 er amount of thought and feeling, together with the nicer shades and phases, 
 than words can possibly communicate, by means of magnetic centers, called 
 poles. Every physical and mental organ has its pole in a certain part of the 
 face. The action of these organs influences the poles, and contracts the faciarl 
 muscles, which utter the silent language of the soul. There exists an inti- 
 mate relationship between the stomach and one part, of the face, the lungs 
 and another. Consumptive patients always have a hectic flush on the cheek, 
 just externally from the lower portion of the nose. Inactive lungs cause pale- 
 ness, healthy ones the rosy cheek. Dyspeptic patients are always lank and 
 thin opposite the double teefh. while those whose digestion is good have full 
 cheeks. Every organ of the body must have a pole in the face, through 
 which it can express its wants and necessities. The magnetic pole of the 
 heart is in the chin — when vigorous produces prominent chins, and vice versa. 
 The beard is intended as a shield and protection to these very poles, and 
 cannot be amputated with impunity ; it also protects the face and chest, es- 
 pecially of elderly men. All the Phreno-orgaUs have their poles, or magnetic 
 qualifying points, in the features. The pole of Acquisitiveness is located on 
 each side of the middle portion of the nose, at its junction with the cheek, 
 causing breadth of nose in proportion to the grasping instincts, as in the Jews, 
 while a narrow nose indicates a want of speculative tendency. Firmness 
 is indicated by the length, prominence and compression of the upper lip, 
 hence the expression, "keep a stiff upper lip'' Self esteem has its pole 
 externally from that of firmness, and between the outer portion of the 
 nose and mouth, causing a fulness of the upper lip. The affections have 
 their poles in the edges of the lips, hence the philosophy of kissing. The pole 
 of mirthfulness is located outward and upward from the outer corners of the 
 mouth, hence the drawing up of these corners in laughter, Approbativeness 
 has its pole directly ontward from these corners ; it draws the mouth back- 
 ward or outward. Like locations are assigned to all the organs. Physiog- 
 nomy is a true science ; it is an unquestionable truth that fixed and absolute 
 relations exist between the Phreno-organs and certain portions of the face. 
 By these and other means the inherent character of every living being and 
 thing gushes out through every organ of the body, erery avenue of the soul. 
 There can be no deception ; nature always speaks the truth. To understand 
 and be able to apply Phreno-physiognomy is a gift worth more than Actor's 
 millions* 
 
50 WICKES* PHRENO-CHABT. 
 
 DEFINITION OF THE ORGANS— THEIR USE, 
 EXCESS AND DEFICIENCY, 
 
 WITH QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLE, RECOGNISING EVERY FACULTY AND 
 
 PASSION, SANCTIONING THEIR USE, AND WARNING AGAINST 
 
 THEIR ABUSE. 
 
 1. Amativeness. Attachment of the sexes to each other, adapted to the 
 continuance of the race. Perversion— Licentiousness. Deficiency— The want 
 of affection toward the opposite sex. 
 
 Scriptural Recognition. God created man in his own image, in the 
 image of God created he him ; male and female created he them. And God 
 blessed them, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the 
 earth, and subdue it. Gen. 1. 27, 28. Thou shalt not commit adultery. Ex. 20. 
 14 ; see Prov. 6. 24-33. Prov. 7. 1-37. 
 
 A. Union for life. — Desire to pair, and to remain constantly with the 
 loved one. Perversion — Mormonism. Deficiency — Want of congenial affec- 
 tion and warmth of attachment. 
 
 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto 
 his wife; and they shall be one. Gen, 2. 24, Let every man have his own 
 wife, and let every woman have her own husband. 1 Cor. 7. 2 ; Matt. 19, 3-9. 
 
 2. Philoprogenitiveness. — Parental love ; fondness for children and pets. 
 Excess — Idolizing and spoiling children by caresses and excessive iudulgence. 
 Deficiency — Neglect of the young. 
 
 Can a woman forget her sucking child? Isa. 49. 15. See Mai. 4. 6. Gen. 
 14, 28. Luke 15. 20. Kachel weeping for her children. Jer. 31. 15. See Job 
 39. 14, 15, 16. Suffer little children to come unto me, for of such is the king- 
 dom of heaven. Matt, 19, 14. See Deut. 11, 31 ; Deut, 31. 13. Luke 13. 34 ; 
 Matt, 18. 2. 
 
 3. ADHEsivENEss.^Love of friends ; disposition to associate. Perversion — 
 Excessive fondness for company, Deficiency — Neglect of friends and society. 
 
 The soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved 
 him as his own soul. 1 Sam. 18, 1. This is my commandment, That ye love 
 one another, as I have loved you, Greater love hath no man than this, that a 
 man lay down his life for his friends. Ye are my friends. Henceforth I call 
 you not servants, but I have called you friends, for all things that I have heard 
 of my Father, I have made known unto you. John 14. 12-15. A man that 
 hath friends must show himself friendly. Proverbs 18, 24. Two are better 
 than one, for if they fall the one will lift up his fellow ; if one prevail against 
 him, two shall withstand him ; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken. 
 Ecclesiastes 4. 9-12. Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to 
 dwell together in unity! Ps. 133. 1. See Gen. 45. 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, 15. 
 
 4. Inhabitiveness. — Love of home ; desire to live permanently in one 
 place. Excess — Prejudice against other countries. Deficiency — A roving 
 disposition. 
 
 In my Father's house are many mansions, I go to prepare a place for you. 
 John 14, 2, See Ps. 132. 14 Ps. 137. 1, 4, 5. 1 Kings 2L, 3. Lev. 25. 29, 33, 
 
AND COMPASS OF [LIFE. 51 
 
 5. Continuity. — Ability to chain the thoughts to one particular subject until 
 completed. Excess — Prolixity. Deficiency — Excessive fondness lor variety. 
 
 Let every man abide in the same calling Wherein he was called. 1 Cor. 7. 
 20, A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways. Jas. 1. b, 
 
 SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 
 
 E. Vitativeness, — Love of life ; youthful vigor, even in advanced age. 
 Excess — Extreme tenacity of life ; fear of death. Deficiency — Recklessness, 
 and unnecessary exposure of life and health. 
 
 All that a man hath will he give for his life. Job 2, 4. Ps. 34, 12. For this 
 corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immor- 
 tality'; then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swal- 
 lowed up in victory, I Cor. 15, 53. 54. It is better for me to die than to live. 
 Jonah 4. 8. 
 
 6. Combative ness, — Self-defense ; resistance ; the energetic, go-ahead dis- 
 position. Excess — A quick, fiery, contentious disposition. Deficiency — Cow, 
 ardice ; want of proper self-respect. 
 
 Whatsoever thy hand fiudeth to do, do it with thy might. Ecclesias. 9, 10. 
 Be not afraid of them ; remember the Lord, who is great and terrible, and 
 fight for your brethren, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your 
 houses. N.h. 4 14. Fight the good fight of faith. 1 Tim. 6. 12. Ye en- 
 dured a great fight of afflictions. Heb, 10, 32. Waxed valiant in fight, 
 turned to flight the armies of the aliens. Heb. 11 . 34. Quit yourselves like men, 
 and fight. 1 Sam, 4, 9. As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire, so 
 is a contentious man to kindle strife. Prov. 26. 21. Now, therefore, there is 
 utterly a fault among you, because ye go to law one with another. 1 Cor. 
 6. 7. See Psalms 37. 8*. 
 
 7. Destructtveness. — Executiveness ; propelling power ; the extermina- 
 ting feeling. Perversion — the malicious, retaliating, revengeful and murder- 
 ous disposition, Deficiency — Tameness ; inefficiency. 
 
 Arise, Peter -, slay and eat. Acts 11, 7. Be ye angry, and sin not; tet not 
 the sun go down on your wrath. Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, 
 and clamor, and evil speaking, be put away from you, with all malice. Eph. 
 4.26,31. Fathers, provoke not your chddren to wrath. Eph. 6. 4, But 
 they cried out the more, saying, Let him be crucified. Matt. 27,23. Thou 
 shait not kill. Ex. 20. 13. 
 
 8. Alimentiveness — Appetite ; enjoyment of food and drink. Perversion, 
 — Gluttony ; intemperance. Deficiency — Daintiness , abstemiousness. 
 
 Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat. Gen- 2.1(3. For one 
 believeth that he may eat all things, another, who is weak, eateth herbs. 
 Rom. J 4. 2, 3. Be not among wine-bibbers, among riotous eaters of flesh; for 
 the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Look not ou the wine 
 wLen it is red. At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder. 
 Prov. 23. 20, 21, 31, 32, Give me food convenient, for me. Prov. 30. 8. 
 23. 1,3. 
 
 9. Acquisitiveness.— The disposition to save and accumulate property. Per- 
 version—Avarice ; theft ; extreme selfishness. Deficiency— Prodigality ; ina- 
 bility to appreciate the true value of property. 
 
52 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 If any provide not for his own. and especially for those of his own house- 
 hold, he hath denied the faith, and ia worse than an infidel. 1 Tim. 5. 8. Pro- 
 vide things honest in the sight of all men. Rom. 12. 17, He becometh poor 
 that dealeth with a slack hand, bat the hand of the diligent maketh rich. 
 Prov. 10. 4. Give me neither poverty nor riches, last I be full, and deny 
 thee and say, Who is the Lord 1 or lest I be poor and steal. Prov. 30, 8, 9. 
 There is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty. Prov. 
 11. 21. He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread; but he that iol- 
 loweth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. Prov. 28, 19. Mortify 
 covetousness, which u idolatry. Col. 3, 5. Thou shaltnot steal. Ex. 20. 15. 
 
 10. Secretiveness. — Policy; management. Excess — Cunning ; disguise ; 
 hypocrisy ; intrigue. Deficiency — Want of tact ; openness ; bluntness of ex- 
 pression. 
 
 A prudent man concealeth knowledge. Prov. 12. 23. Keep thy tongue 
 from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. Psalms 34. 13. A fool uttereth 
 all his mind, but a wise man keepeth it in till afterward. Seest thin a man 
 that is hasty in his words ? there is more hope of a fool than of him. Prov. 29. 
 11, 20. He that keepeth his mouth keepeth his life; but he that openeth 
 wide his lips shall have destruction. Proverbs 13. 3. Wherefore, putting 
 away lying, speak every man the truth with his neighbor. Eph. 4. 25. De- 
 ceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil. Prov. 12. 20. Tlion shaltnot 
 bear false witness against thy neighbor. Ex. 20, Iff. Behold I send you forth 
 as sheep in the midst of wolves ; be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harm- 
 less as doves. Matt. 10, 16. A whisperer separateth chief friends. Proverbs 
 16. 28. Judges 16. 5. Gen. 27, 35. Gen. 16. 19. 
 
 11. Cautiousness — Prudence; watchfulness; reasonable solicitude. Ex- 
 cess. Fear, timidity, procrastination. Deficiency — Blundering recklessness. 
 
 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself. Proverbs 22, 3. 
 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Psalms 2. 11. Which 
 of you intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth the 
 cost. Luke 14. 28. Watch ye, and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. Mark 
 14. 38. What I say unto you, I say unto all, Watch, Mark 13. 37. If thou 
 do that which is evil, be afraid. Romans 13, 4, Terrors shall make him 
 afraid on every side. Job 13 11. Fear cane upon me, and trembling, which 
 made all my bones to shake. Job 4. 14. See Job 41. 25. Rev. 3. 2, 3. 
 
 ASPIRING AND GOVERNING ORGANS. 
 
 12. Approbativeness. — Affability : ambition to be promoted. Perversion 
 — Vanity, self-praise, and extreme sensitiveness. Deficiency — Indifference to 
 praise or blame ; and disregard to personal appearance. 
 
 A good name is better than precious ointment. Ecclesiastes 7. 1. Do 
 good, and thou shalt have prai-e. Romans 13. 3. Men will praise thee 
 when thou doest well. Psalms 49. 18. Praise is comely for the upright. 
 Paalms33. 1. I will get them praise and fame in every land. Zeph. 3. 19. 
 They loved the praise of men more than the praise of God. John 12. 43. Let 
 another man praisa thee, and not thine own mouth. Proverbs 27. 2. Let us 
 not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, envying one another 
 Gal. 5, 26. See Matt, 26. 69. 70, 71, 72. Matt. 6. 6. 
 
 13. Self-Esteem. — Dignity, manliness, love of liberty. Excess — Extreme 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE, 63 
 
 pride ; an arrogant, aristocratic, domineering spirit. Deficiency — lack of self- 
 respect and appreciation. 
 
 And God said, Let us make man in oar own imago, after our likeness, and 
 let them have dominion over every living thing that moveth upon the carih. 
 Genesis 1, 26, 28. "What ye know, the same do I know also ; I am not infe- 
 rior to you. Job 13. 2. God, I thank thee that I am not as other men. Luke 
 28, 11. Be thou strong, and show thyself a man. 1 Kings 2. 2. For I Fay to 
 every man that is among you, not to th'.nk more highly of himself than lie 
 ought to think. Rom. 12. 3. And the publican standing afar off, would not 
 lift up so much as his eyes to heaven, but smote upon his breast, saying, God 
 be merciful to me a sinner. Luke 28. 13. 
 
 14. Firmness. — Decision; fortitude; stability; steadfastness; determina- 
 tion ; perseverance ; unwillingness to yield. Perversion — Obstinacy. Defi- 
 ciency — No dependence can be placed on one without firmness — there is no 
 stability of character. 
 
 Take unto you the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to withstand 
 in the evil day, and having done all to stand. Eph. 6, 13. Be ye steadfast, 
 nnmovable ; always abounding in the work of the Lord. 1 Cor. 15. 58, Be 
 Btrong and quit yourselves like men. 1 Sam. 4. 9- And the Lord said unto 
 Moses, this is a stiff-necked people. Ex. 32. 9. See Psalms 42. 7. Ps. 119. 31 
 Ps. 119. 10G. Job 13. 15, Job 2, 3. 
 
 MORAL SENTIMENTS- 
 
 15. Conscientiousness. — Love of justice ; integrity ; sense of duty and ob- 
 ligation. Excess — Scrupulousness, remorse, self-condemnation. Deficiency 
 — Despondency, melancholy. 
 
 Till I die I will not remove mine integrity from me. Job 27, 5, 6. Let me be 
 weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity. Job 31. 6. Let 
 us walk honestly, Rom. 13. 13, Render therefore to all their dues ; tribute to 
 whom tribute is due ; honor to whom honor. Romans 13. 7 If thy brother 
 trespass against thee rebuke him ; if he repent forgive him. Luke 17. 3, When 
 the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the 
 law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves ; which show the 
 work of the law in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness. Rom. 
 2. 14, 15. Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to 
 them. Matt. 7. 12. Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience 
 void of offence toward God, and toward men. Acts 24. 1(3. Having their con- 
 science seared with a hot iron. 1 Tim. 4, 2. Do justly. Micah. 6, 8. Ye shall 
 not respect persons in judgment, but ye shall hear the small as well as the 
 great. Deut. 1. 17. 
 
 16. Hope. Expectation ; trust ; anticipation of future success and happi- 
 ness. Excess — Visionary expectations ; extravagant promises ; anticipation 
 of impossibilities. Deficiency — Despondency ; gloom ; melancholy. 
 
 Trust ye in the Lord forever, for in the Lord Jehovah is everlasting strength. 
 Isaiah 26. 4. For we are saved by hope. But hope that is seen is not hope ; for 
 what a man seetli, why doth he yet hope for ? Romans 8. 24. Now abideth 
 faith, hope, charity. 1 Cor. 13. 13, As sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; as 
 poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, yet possessing all things, 2 
 Cor, G, 10, I shall be satisfied when I awake lyitk thy likeness. Psalms 17.15, 
 
54 WICKES PHRENO-CHART. 
 
 The Lord is my shepherd ; I shall not want. Psalms 23. 1, 6, Be glad in the 
 Lord, and rejoice, ye righteous ; and shout fjr joy, all ye that are upright in 
 heart. Psalms 32. 11. He that ploweth should plow in hope. 1 Cor- 9. 10. 
 Hope deferred maketh the heart sick. Proverbs 13. 12. The hypocrite's hope 
 shall perish, Job, 8. 13. Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job 13, 
 15. He shall not be afraid of evil tidings ; his heart is fixed, trusting in the 
 Lord. Psalms 112. 7. See Romans 15. 13. 
 
 17. Spirituality. — Faith, intuition, perception of the spiritual. Excess — 
 Credulity, wonder. Deficiency — Extreme incredulity, skepticism. 
 
 The things which are seen are temporal ; but the things which are not seen 
 are eternal, 2 Cor. 4. 18. We walk by faith, not by sight, 2 Cor. 5. 7. Ye 
 believe in God ; believe also in me. I go to prepare a place for you ; I will 
 come again and receive you to myself; the Father shall give you another Com- 
 forter, even the Spirit of truth ; ye know him, for he dwelleth with you, and 
 shall be in you. John 14. 1, 3, 16, 17. Gal. 5. 5.^ If we live in the Spirit, let 
 US also walk in the Spirit, Gal. 5. 25. Go thy way, thy faith hath made thee 
 whole. Luke 17. 19. And Jesus said unto him. Receive thy sight ; thy faith 
 hath saved thee. Luke 18. 42. He shall give his angels charge over thee, to 
 keep thee in all thy ways. Psa. 91, 11. If a man die, will he live again ? All 
 the days of my appointed time will I wait till my change come. Job 14, 14. A 
 spirit passed before my face ; the hair of my flesh stood up ; it stood still, but 
 I could not discern the form thereof. Job 4. 15, 16. thou of little faith, 
 wherefore didst thou doubt ? Matt. 14. 31. 
 
 18. Veneration. — Godliness, reverence, worship, adoration, respect for an- 
 tiquity. Perversion — Idolatry, superstition, worship of idols. Deficiency- 
 Disregard for things sacred, aged and eminent persons, or for the venerable. 
 
 Thou shalt have no other Gods before me. Ex. 20. 3. Thou shalt not take 
 the name of thy God in vain. Ex. 20, 7. Give to the Lord the glory due to his 
 name ; worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness, 1 Chron. 16. 29. O Lord, 
 my God, in thee do I put my trust. Psalms 7, 1. Humble yourselves in the 
 sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up. James 4. 10. Our Father who art 
 in heaven, hallowed be thy name, thy will be done, for thine is the kingdom. 
 Matt. 6. 9-13. Swear not at all. Matt. 5. 34. The fool hath said in his heart, 
 There is no God. Psalms 14. 1. Walk humbly with thy God. Micah 6. 8. 
 Honor thy father and thy mother. Exodus 20. 12. Acts 17. 22.23. 
 
 19. Benevolence. — Brotherly kindness, desire to do good ; sympathy, dis- 
 interestedness. Excess — 'Giving alms to the undeserving ; too easily over- 
 come by scenes of suffering, Deficiency — Extreme selfishness ; indifference to 
 suffering. 
 
 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Matt, 5. 9, I was 
 hungry and ye gave me meat, etc. Matt, 25. 35. Be ye kind one to another, 
 tender hearted, forgiving one another. Eph. 4. 32. There is that scattereth, 
 and yet increaseth. The liberal soul shall be made fat, and he that water eta 
 shall be watered himself. Prov. 11. 24, 25. Above all things have fervent 
 charity among yourselves ; for charity covereth a multitude of sins. Use 
 hospitality one to another without grudging. 1 Peter, 4, 8, 9. I will very 
 gladly spend and be spent for you ; tnough the more I love you, the le^a I be 
 loved. 2 Cor. 12. 15. Now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three, but the 
 greatest of these is charity. 1 Cor. 13. 13. What doth the Lord require of 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE. 55 
 
 thee, but to do justly, love mercy, and walk humbly withthy (Jo.l ? Mieah C. 
 8. Love thy neighbor as thyself. Matt. 19. 19. See Bom. 1j- 1. Job 2'J. 11. 13. 
 
 PERFECTIVE FACULTIES. 
 
 20. Constructiveness. — Mechanical judgment and ingenuity, ability to 
 invent, contrive, construct, and use tools. Excess — Attempting im possibili- 
 ties, perpetual motions, etc. Deficiency — Inability to use tools or understand 
 machinery ; awkwardness and obtuseness in everything requiring mechanical 
 skill and dexterity. 
 
 And the Lord spako unto Moses, saying, I have called Bezaleel, and have 
 filled him with understanding and knowledge in all manner of workmanship ; 
 to devise cunning works, to work in gold, in silver, and in brass, and in cut- 
 ting stones to set them, and in carving timber, to work in all manner of work- 
 manship. Exodus 31. 1-5. I have sent a cunning man, skillful to work in 
 gold, in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber ; in purple, in blue, in 
 fine linen, and in crimson ; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find 
 every device which may be put to him. 2 Chron. 2. 13. 14. 
 
 ! 21. Ideality, — Perception and admiration of the beautiful and perfect; love 
 of poetry ; refinement ; good taste ; imagination. Excess — Fastidiousness ; 
 romantic imagination. Deficiency — Want of taste and refinement, with strong 
 passions and a coarse temperament ; roughness and vulgarity. 
 
 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined, Ps. 1, 2. See 
 Ezekiel 27. 3. 4. Ezekiel 16. 10, 14. 
 
 B. Sublimity. — Fondness for the grand, sublime, and majestic ; the wild 
 and romantic, as Niagara Falls ; rugged mountain scenery, ocean storms, thun- 
 der, etc. Excess — Extravagant representations ; passionate fondness for tho 
 terrific. Deficiency — Inability to appreciate grandeur. 
 
 And God said, Let there be light, and there was light. Gen. Is 3, The 
 Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty. And the heavens shall be rolled 
 together as a scroll. Isaiah 34. 4. Thus saith the Lord of hosts, I will shake 
 the heavens, and the earth, and the sea ; and I will shake all nations. Hag. 
 2. 6, 7. The earth shook and trembled ; he bowed the heavens also, and came 
 down, he rode upon a cherub, and did fly upon the wings of the wind ; he 
 made darkness his secret place- Psalms 18. 7. 13. See Psalms 93. 1. 3. 4. 
 
 22. Imitation. — Power to copy, conform, adopt usages, personate, act, dra- 
 matize, imitate, and work after a pattern. Excess — Mimicry ; servile imitation. 
 Deficiency — Oddity ; inability to conform to the usages of society. 
 
 With a furious man thou shalt not go, lest thou learn his ways and get a 
 snare to thy soul. Prov. 22. 24, 25. Gen. 49. 6. Go and do thou likewise. 
 Luke 10. 37. Like people, like priest. Hosea 4. 9. Christ suffered for us, 
 leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps. 1 Peter 2. 21. Follow 
 not that which is evil, but that which is good. 3 John 1. 11. See 2 Thess. 3. 9. 
 
 D. Agreeableness.— Blandness and persuasiveness of manner; pleasant- 
 ness of expression and address ; insinuation ; the power to say even disagreea- 
 ble things pleasantly, Excess— Affectation ; blarney ; undue mellowness of 
 manner. Deficiency— Abruptness of [manner ; want of pliability and smooth- 
 ness. 
 
66 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART 
 
 Pleasant words are as a honeycomb, sweet to the soul. Prov. 16. 24. A 
 soft answer turneth away wrath, but grievous wor^s stir up anger. Proverbs 
 15, 1, A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silver. Prov. 
 25. 11. 
 
 PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 
 
 23. Mirthfulness. — Wit ; fan ; humor ; playfulness ; ability to joke, to ap- 
 preciate the ridiculous, and enjoy a hearty laugh Excess — Ridicule and sport 
 of the infirmities and tie misfortunes of others. Deficiency — Extreme gravity; 
 indifference to all amusements, and inability to appreciate wit and humor. 
 
 A time to weep, and a time to laugh, a time tJ mourn, and a t me to dance. 
 Ecc. 3. 4. A merry heart doeth good like a medicine. Proverbs 17, 22. A 
 merry heart makeih a cheerful countenance. Proverbs 15. 13. See Ezek. 
 23 32. Psalms 69. 8. Luke 15.32. Job 8. 21. Job 12, 2. 
 
 24. Individuality, — Desire to see : perception of things: capacity to indi- 
 vidualize objects and acquire knowledge by observation. Excess — A staring 
 greediness to see : prying curiosity and impertinent inquisitiveness. Defi- 
 ciency — Dullness of observation ; want of practical knowledge. 
 
 Come, behold the works of the Lord. P.-alms 56. 8, The eyes of man are 
 never satisfied. Proverbs 27. 20. Having eyes ye seo not. Mark 8. 18. Bless- 
 ed are the eyes which see the things that ye see. Luke 10. 23, See Isa. 38, 14, 
 
 25. Form. — Perception ad memory of shapes, forms, faces, angles, a*id 
 configuration in general : aids in drawing, moulding, and working by the eye. 
 Excess — A painful sense of imperfection in the forms of faces and other ob- 
 jects. Deficiency — A poor memory of faces and forms. 
 
 Show them the form of the house, the fashion thereof, and all the forms 
 thereof, Ezekiel 43. 11. I have formed him ; yea, I have made him. Isaiah 
 43, 7. Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou formed 
 me thus? Romans 9. 20. The carpent r stretcheth out his rule, he marketh 
 it out Wj£h the compass, and maketh it after the figure of a man. Isa. 44. 13. 
 
 26. Size, — Ability to judge of size, magnitude, length, breadth, hight, depth, 
 distance, proportionate size, fineness and toars2ness, also the weight of objects 
 by their size. Excess — Unprofitable and annoying fastidiousness as to size, 
 proportion, and relative magnitude. Deficiency — Inability to judge of size and 
 distance. 
 
 And God made two great lights • the greater light to rule the day, and the 
 lesser light to rule the night. Gen. 1, 16. I looked, and behold a man with a 
 measuring line in his hand. Zech. 2. 1, 2. See Ezekiel 41. 1-17. Prov. 20. 24. 
 
 27. "Weight* — Perception of the law of gravitation ; power to balance one's 
 self ; to judge of perpendicular and momentum ; to become a marksman, horse- 
 man, and to " carry a steady hand." Excess — Desire to climb or go aloft un- 
 necessarily and hazardously; pain at seeing things out of plumb, etc. Defi- 
 ciency — Inability to keep the balance, or judge of perpendicular or level : lia- 
 bility to stumble. 
 
 A false balance is abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is his delight 
 Prov. 11. 1. Job 37. 16. Isa. 40, 12. 
 
 28. Color. — Perception of colors ; judgment of shades, hues, and tints in 
 flowers, fruits, clouds, rainbow, sky, and all works of art or of nature which 
 exhibit colors. Excess — Extravagant fondness for colors ; fastidiousness in 
 criticism and solution of colors : desire to dress in many colors. Deficiency— 
 Inability to distinguish or appreciate colors or their harmony. 
 
AND COMPASS OF LIFE, 57 
 
 Thou shalt make the tabernacle with t n curtains of fine twined linen, and 
 blue, and purple, and scarlet, Exod. 36. 1. Jer. 4. 30. Exod. 25. 2, . r >. 
 
 29. Order.— Method, system, arrangement, neatness. Excess— Fastidiously 
 neat: more nice than wise; wastes life in unnecessary cleaning and arranging. 
 Deficiency— Slovenliness ; disorder; heedlessness about books, tool*, clothes, 
 work; has everything " at loose ends.'' 
 
 Let all things be done decently and in order. 1 Cor. 14. 40. Set thy words 
 in order before me. Job 33. 5. Ex. 40. 4. 
 
 30. Calculation. — Ability in numbers and mental arithmetic ; talent to 
 reckon figures u in the head ;" to add, substract, divide, multiply, etc. Excess 
 —Disposition to count everything. Deficiency— Inability to comprehend the 
 relations of numbers or to learn arithmetic. 
 
 The very hairs of your head are all numbered. Matt. 10. 30. Psa. 147. 4. 
 Job 31. 37. 2 Sam. 24. 2. 
 
 31. Locality. — Recollection of places desire to travel ; talent for geogra- 
 phy. Excess — An unsettled, roving di position. Deficiency — Inability to re- 
 member places or the points of the compass ; liability to get lost. 
 
 Go ye into all the world and preach. Mark 16. 15. Many shall run to and 
 fro, and knowledge shall be increased. Dan. 12. 4. Numb. 10, 29, 30. 
 
 LITERARY FACULTIES. 
 
 32. Eventuality. — Memory of events ; love of history, traditions, anec- 
 dotes, and facts of all sorts. Excess — Tedious fullness of detail in .relating 
 facts ; desire to relate stories to the neglect of other things- Deficiency — For- 
 getfulness ; a poor memory of events- 
 
 •The Athenians spent their time in nothing else but either to tell or to hear 
 some new thing. Acts 17. 21, Deut. 32. 7. 2 Thess. 2. 15. 2 Thess. 3. 6. 
 Gal. 1. 5. Psa. 78. 5-7. 
 
 33. Time. — Recollection of the lapse of time; day and date; ability to 
 keep the time in music, and the 6tep in walking, and to carry the time of day 
 in the memory. Excess — Tendency to mark time in company by drumming 
 with the foot or fingers, and to be tediously particular in telling the date or 
 day of the week when every little thing took place. Deficiency — Inability 
 to remember dates or to judge of the passage of time. 
 
 To every thing there is a season ; and a time to every purpose under the 
 heaven. Ecc. 3, 1. Jer. 8. 7. 
 
 34. Tune. — Sense of sound love of music; perception of harmony and of 
 melody ; ability to compose and perform music. Excess — Continued 6inging, 
 humming, or whistling, regardless of time, place, or propriety. Deficiency — 
 Inability to sing, to comprehend- the charms of music, to distinguish one tune 
 from ano her, or to remember the peculiarity of voices or ether noises. 
 
 Praise the Lord with harp. Sing unto him a new song ; play skilfully with 
 a loud noise. Psa. 33. 2, 3. Psa, C8 25. 
 
 35. Language. — Talent to talk; ability to express ideas verbally ; memo- 
 ry of words ; and, with the perceptives large, ability to learn the science of 
 language, and to talk foreign languages well. Exoss— Redundancy of 
 words, garrulity. Deficiency— Inability to clothe ideas ; hesitation in com- 
 mon conversation. 
 
58 WICKES' PHRENO-CHART. 
 
 And Moses said, O ray Lord, I am not eloquent, but slow of speech and of 
 a slow tongue. And the Lord said, Is not Aaron tby brother ? I know that 
 he can speak well, and he shall be thy spokesman unto the people. Ex. 4. 
 10, ]4, 16. Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. 
 Psalms 34, 13. 
 
 REASONING FACULTIES. 
 
 36. Causality. — Ability to reason and comprehend first principles, and the 
 why and wherefore. Excess — Too much theory , without practical adaptation 
 to common life. Deficiency — Inability to reason, to think, understand and 
 to plan. 
 
 Come now, let us reason together, saith the Lord. Isa. 1. 18. Jesus said 
 unto them, O ye of little faith, why reason ye fl.mong yourselves ? Matt. 16. 8 
 And Paul reasoned with them out of the Scriptures. Acts 17.2, And he 
 reasoned in the synagogues every Sabbath, and persuaded the Jews and 
 Greeks. Acts 18, 4. As he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and 
 judgment to come, Felix trembled. Acts 24. 25. Produce your cause, saith 
 the Lord, bring forth your strong reasons. Isa. 41. 21. 
 
 37. Comparison. — Inductive reasoning ; ability to classify, and apply analo- 
 gy to discernment of principles ; to compare, discriminate, illustrate, and draw 
 correct inferences. Excess — Fault-finding and captious criticism, Deficiency 
 —Inability to reason by analogy, or understand similes, fables, or parables. 
 
 Unto what is the kingdom of God like, and whereunto shall I resemble it ? 
 It is like a grain of mustard seed, etc. It is like leaven, etc. Luke 13, 18, 19. 
 The invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, be- 
 ing understood by the things that are made. Rom. 1. 20. Mark 4. 30. 
 
 C Human Nature. — Discernment of character ; iufeuitive perception of the 
 motives and dispositions of strangers at the first interview. Excess — Obtru- 
 sive and offensive criticism of character ; violent prejudice for and against per- 
 sons, in violation of courtesy and politeness. Deficiency — Confidence without 
 discrimination ; liability to believe rogues honest, and honest men rogues. 
 
 Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine 
 against me. Job 21. 27. Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water ; but 
 a man of understanding will draw it out, Prov. 20. 5. Neh. 6. 8. 
 
 CLOSING REMARKS. 
 
 The impatient demand for the " Chart and Compass of Life," compel us to 
 publish the first edition incomplete. The large illustrared work will be forth- 
 coming immediately. Those desiring to know and be true to themselves, 
 should call on or address us at our Phreno Electro-Medical Institute, New 
 York City. Prof, E. Z. Wickes and others will lecture at 3 and 8 o'clock 
 P. M. Phreno-Examinations with Charts daily. . MedicalAdvice free. Mrs, 
 S. F. Hancox, M. D. treats diseases of women. Characters and business 
 qualifications told from likeness sent us. All our publications and Christian 
 Spiritual works at wholesale. A Christian Spiritual church established. 
 
 Services and inspirational speaking every Sunday, at 10 A. M, and 7 and 8 
 P. M.. All friends of truth invited. 
 
, CA , 3^B3'0 > £2gaaqDS^23.*Vr?,,fjqq. 
 
 From the Burlington Free Press. 
 ^ The audiences at Prof. Wickes' lectures are rapidly Increasing, ai d much 
 interest is manifested. His last lecture on the Science of the Soul was very 
 fully attended, and attentively listened to. We have seen a large collection of 
 testimonials to the value and interest of his lectures. Prof. Wickes is spoken 
 of by our contemporaries as of animated delivery and eminently original ideas. 
 We notice Prof. Wickes' lectures well spoken of elsewhere. The ' Bennington 
 Banner' says : 'A good deal of interest has been created by Prof. Wickes as a 
 Phrenologist and Physiognomist. He appears perfectly at home. From the 
 two lectures we have heard we are perfectly satisfied that the word ' Humbug' 
 does not belong to him. The ' Rutland Herald' says : « His lectures, combining 
 Phrenology with Physiognomy and other kindred subjects, and accompanied 
 by public examinations, are very instructive and unusually interesting. 
 
 From the Burlington Sentinel. 
 Prof. Wtckfs is handsomely spoken of in our state exchanges. He has al- 
 ready delivered several lectures here, which have been even more largely at- 
 tended than were those of Prof. Fowler upon similar subjects. Prof. Wickes' 
 lectures are extremely interesting, and will well repay listening to. 
 
 * 
 
 From the Burlington Times. 
 Prof. Wickes' third lecture here on the Science of Mind, was elaborated 
 with a lucidity eminently befitting the subject, which was illustrated by many 
 recondite and rare pictures adorning the walls of the Hall. Some examina- 
 tions and delineations of character were given, greatly to the amusement and 
 edification of the audience. The Professor is animated in his delivery, and 
 eminently original in his ideas. His afternoon lectures to ladies are highly 
 commended by them, as we see by testimonials shown us. The lectures are il- 
 lustrated by an immense number of drawings, paintings and photographs. 
 
 # 
 
 From the Ladies of Burlington, Vt. 
 Having attended a course of Lectures to the Ladies by Prof. E. Z. Wickes, 
 we have been highly interested and instructed. They app< ar to embrace the 
 whole duty of woman, and are unexceptionable in every respect. We therefore 
 cheerfully recommend him to ladies wherever he may go, as a gentleman, a 
 scholar, and a public benefactor. The facility with which he delineates char- 
 acter by his new system of Phreno-Physiognomy is astonishing to all. 
 
 Signed by many Ladies. 
 * 
 
 From the Neio York Herald. 
 Rev. Prof. Wickes has returned from his lecturing tour in Vermont, where 
 he has been received with very great favor, as seen by the eulogies of the press 
 throughout the State. This intuitive Phrenologist and Physiognomist, author 
 of the • Illustrated Chart and Compass of Life,' and the new system of Phreno- 
 Physiognomy, will answer calls to lecture on the Science of Mind, illustrated by 
 an immense number of drawings, paintings, and photographs of the most dis- 
 tinguished individuals of all ages and nations. 
 
.From the Orange Journal. 
 Prof. E. Z. Wickes has closed his course of twelve lectures in this place 
 to a large, highly intelligent, and greatly interested audience, He has re- 
 ceived great encouragement in this place, besieged with applicants for Phreno- 
 Charts, counsel', and medical advice. His ability to delineate character stands 
 unrivalled. We are well acquainted with the character of many persons who 
 have been examined physically and mentally by the Professor, and have been 
 surprised at the truthfulness of the delineations. He has established a free li- 
 brary during his protracted and successful labors in the city of Newark. 
 
 From the Jlahtvag Register. 
 Prof, E. Z. Wickes, Author of the Illustrated Phreno-Chart and Compass 
 of Life, whose Lectures form the theme of editorial comment in every direction, 
 appears to have given the greatest satisfaction as a Lecturer, wherever it has 
 been his lot to hold forth in that capacity. On the subjects of Phrenology and 
 Physiognomy Prof. Wickes has evidently bestowed much pains and study, and 
 the very striking and or ginal manner in which he illustrates and brings to bear 
 beforean audience the great principles of the two sciences respectively, is spo- 
 ken of in termsof enthusiastic praise by the press generally. If editorial testi 
 mony, and that of the most respectable character, is to be considered reliable, 
 then we are fully justified in the inference that the subject of this notice is one 
 of the most original, interesting and successful lecturers that has ever appeared 
 in our midst. Such a mass of editorial testimony, in behalf of any individual 
 we have rarely seen. 
 
 From the Democrat and Republican. 
 Prof- Wickes, an eminent Phrenologist and Physiognomist, author of the 
 Illustrated Phreno-Chart and Compass of Life, comes highly recommended 
 by eminent men, the clergy and the press. We have seen a large collection 
 of testimonials from ladies and editors, to the value and interest of his Lec- 
 tures. The New York Tribune and Herald say: *■ Prof. Wickes has re- 
 turned from his lecturing tour in Vermont, where he has been received with 
 very great favor, as can be seen from the eulogies of the press throughout the 
 state,-' The Orange Journal says: "Prof. Wickes closed his course of 
 twelve lectures here, to a large, intelligent, and highly interested audience.' 
 His ability to delineate character stands unrivalled. He is said to be earnest 
 and animated in his delivery, and eminently original in his ideas, and we have 
 no hesitation in recommending him to our citizens. All are cordially invite^ 
 to attend. 
 
Museum, Library and Iteading-Room 
 
 Open to all Visitors. 
 Lectures and Phreno-Examinations, with Charts, daily. 
 
 
 
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