F 139 
 
 .Dze 
 
 Copy 1 
 
 THE 
 
 GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY 
 
 SUPPLEMENTABY TO 
 
 DAVIS AND DEANE'S 
 
 INDDCTIVE GEOGRAPHIES 
 
 By 
 
 MARY R. GALE DAVIS, Pd.M. 
 
 NORMAL TRAINING TEACHER, INSTITUTE INSTRUCTOR, AND SPECIALIST 
 
 IN PHYSIOGRAPHY 
 
 SILVER, BURDETT AND COMPANY 
 
 NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO 
 
THE 
 
 GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY TO 
 
 DAVIS AND DEANES 
 
 INDUCTIVE GEOGRAPHIES 
 
 BY 
 
 MAEY II. GALE DAVIS, I'dM. 
 
 NORMAL TRAINING TEACHER. INSTITUTE INtiTRUCTOK, AND SPECIALIST 
 
 IN PHYSIOGRAPHY 
 
 M^ 
 
 SJ 
 
 VJ 
 
 S 1 L \ E R . B IT R D E T T AND C O ]M P A N Y 
 
 NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO 
 
LIBRARY ot GONiiHtbsl 
 
 7wo Copies 
 
 Keceivea 
 
 DEC 27 
 
 1904 
 
 Cooyriijiit 
 
 tntry 
 
 ^A'W. v>. 
 
 1 i </<^ 
 
 cuss A 
 
 XXc Noi 
 
 too 7 V y 
 
 COPY B. 
 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1904. BY 
 Sn>VER, BURDETT A.ND COMPANY 
 
70 ay' Un^-StuJv «islfruiB Urttt-wlch 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Na.me. — New Jersey is iiaiiu'd for tlie 
 Island of Jersey, \\ liieli is located in the 
 Kiiu'lisli Cliamiel, between England and 
 France. It was so named in lioiioi- of 
 an EnglisLman, Sir George Carteret, w lio 
 was at one time o;overuor of this island. 
 He became one of the early [ii'opiietai'\' 
 lords of New Jersey. This was about 
 two hundi'ed and tift\' veai's ago. 
 
 Location. — 
 In what part of 
 the United 
 States is the 
 State of New 
 .lei'sey located 'i 
 To which group 
 of States does it 
 Ijclong' ? 
 
 Size. — About 
 h o w m a n y 
 square miles is 
 the area of New 
 Jersey ? (See 
 page 23.) Com- 
 pare tlie size of 
 New Jersej' witli 
 til at of New 
 York, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Illinois, California and Texas. 
 
 Boundary. — Point out New Jer.sey on the niaj) 
 of the United States and trace its l)oundary. 
 What States bound New Jersey ? By what body 
 of water is the greater part of New .Tersey 
 liounded on the east? What I'iver is on the 
 northeast between New Jersey and New York ? 
 What river is on the western and southwestevTi 
 boundary ? What bay is on the south ? Trace 
 the lioundary line through this river and bay. 
 
 Vn-,\\ loWAKI-l lilJ.AW MIK WATlCl: 
 
 Find New York Bay, Newark Bay, Raritan 
 Bay, Staten Island, wliich belongs to New Y^ork, 
 and Long Island. Trace the boundary line 
 between New York and New Jersey through the 
 Hudson River, New York Bay, Staten Island 
 Sound and Raritan Bay. 
 
 Find Barnegat Bay. Through what inlet 
 would you sail from the Atlantic Ocean into Bar- 
 negat Bay !* Locate Barnegat Light. Why do 
 you think the light is located here ? Locate Great 
 Bay. What other bays, inlets or .sounds can 
 you hnd on the New Jersey coast ? What otliei' 
 lights? 
 
 Tivice in the air th<- shape of New Jer.sey. 
 
 Draw its outline 
 and (irint tiie 
 names of its 
 bou n d a r ie s . 
 Name and lo- 
 cate on this map 
 the principal in- 
 dentations and 
 projections on 
 1 1 1 (■ coast. 
 
 SUKFACE AND 
 
 Drainage. — To 
 what great sur- 
 face slope does 
 New Jersey be- 
 long ? What 
 great body of 
 water finally re- 
 ceives all the 
 Fi'om the I'elief map of 
 ])art consi.sts of high. 
 
 .\1.\> I .NKA I iU M\, N. .1 
 
 drainage of New Jersey 
 New Jersey tell whicl 
 uneven land ; which of lowland. 
 
 Trace the shortest route fi'on\ the Raritan Bay to 
 Trenton on the Delaware River. This line marks 
 a division between northern or liighland New 
 Jersey and southern or lo\ylan<l New Jersey. 
 
 Ilif/ItlanJs. — To what great mountain system do 
 tlie highlands of New Jersey belong ! Whicli 
 range of this system extends into New Jersey 
 
SCALE or MILES 
 OS IC iS 
 
 RELIEF MAP OF 
 
 NEW JERSEY 
 
TiiK (;EO(;i;AriiY of new jeksey. 
 
 and by what name is it known? (Relief map, are the facts ^\]lit•^l liow tell us ui the 
 
 p. 4.) Find in tliis range the Delaware Water . , , . , i i • 
 
 Gap. Note that at this point the Delaware River former ice-sheet Asiuch covered this sec- 
 
 crosses or cuts the mountain range. Find and tion of New Jersey, 
 locate Hig-li Knob, the highest peak of this range 
 
 in New Jer.sey. Trace, name and locate any Lowlands.— Trace the boundaries of the 
 other mountain ranges or peaks belonging to Atlantic Coastal Plain northward from the South- 
 highland New Jersey. Point out and trace em Agricultural States. Observe that this plain 
 the Piedmont Plateau in New Jersey. Tell is narrowed by the Piedmont as it approaches 
 its direction from the Appalachians. Tell in New York Bay. AVhich part of New Jer.sey be- 
 what direction it 
 extends. Trace the 
 
 highlands of New 
 Jersey from Penn- 
 sylvania into the 
 State of New Yorlc 
 and across the 
 Hudson River at 
 the Palisades into 
 New England. Ob- 
 serve that nortli- 
 eastward from 
 New York Bay 
 the Piedmont ex- 
 tends nearly to the 
 coast. 
 
 During the 
 
 ijlacial period, 
 \\\\i\i is wow 
 northern New 
 
 Tiiioi:!'; ai;k ma.nv v\sv. niiivKs Tiiuoi (ui the riMis on the 
 
 COAST.\L I'I..\1.NS. 
 
 longs to this plain ? 
 
 Nearly one- 
 third (if the 
 area of the 
 roasfal plain 
 in New Jersey 
 is veiy low, it 
 being less than 
 50 feet above 
 sea-level. The 
 lowest portion 
 consists of the - 
 tidal marshes 
 which border 
 the coast. 
 
 Jersey was Ijuried under the southern A small poi-tiou of the plain reaches 
 
 border of a great ice sheet or glacier, a height of about 400 feet in a 
 
 ^vhich covered the northern part of the range of elevations or hills stretching 
 
 United States and North America to in a northeast southwest direction be- 
 
 the Arctic Ocean. tween the Navesink Highlands on the 
 
 The ice of this glacier Avore out and coast near Sandy Hook, to Moiuit Holly, 
 
 frround down the mountains and gouged The greater i)art of the plain is about 
 
 out the valleys. x\s it melted, it left 200 feet above sea-level, 
 
 soil, sand, t'-ravel and other glacial mate- The entire plain was long, long ago 
 
 rial which changed and modified the uplifted from under the sea to a nuich 
 
 rugged surface of the land. higher level than it has at piesent. 
 
 Sandy plains, sand-hills, bowlder- Since the uplift it has lowered until 
 
 strewn land and many lakes and ponds portions of land near the coast ai'e 
 
r, THE UEOGlLVrilV OF .NEW JEIISEY. 
 
 \lro\viiec1, and tlie sea has set Lack into the reef wliicli borders the coast of New 
 
 tlie land foi'niiug New Yoi'k, Kari- Jersey. Observe also that the larger 
 
 tan and Delaware bays, and other in- inlets ai-e at the mouths of rivers. The 
 
 dentations in the coast. These bays, cond)ined force of the river current from 
 
 thus foiMued, are among the best harljors 'w itliiu and the wave currents from with- 
 
 on the eastern coast of North America out serve to break and to keep open the 
 
 — New Yoi'k and Delaware bays being sandy reef at these points. 
 
 navigable for the largest vessels in the The lagoons ai'e l)eing slt)wly iilled 
 
 woi'ld. n[i by the material Avhich tlu- rivers 
 
 HI X, ,,• 4- L! 1 Tj 1 1 • +1 carrv to them, and b\- the continuous 
 
 Trace the outiino ot Samly Hook, and give the '"''.> m^ , . 
 
 reason for its name. sliil'tim;- and drifting of the saud by the 
 
 Q ; , ^- 1 • ^ +1 If \\\\n] and ^vaA■es. 
 (>(///(/ /^(^/-.v or /'rtT^' skirt tlie coast trom 
 
 ,, , ,T 1 , i. 1 T> , After a, time tlie drifting' sand is held 
 
 handy llook to Delaware bay, except ^ ' 
 
 ,, " 1 , 1- , 1 , " T.r ill phice bv the roots of a coarse grass 
 
 toi' a sliort distance lietween Mon- ' ' _ 
 
 , ,, , T T., ,,^■, that or,,\vs in it. Then nnirshes are 
 nioutn beacli and .Maiias(|Uaii. ( 1 oiiit 
 
 ^ i- 1 1 j^:....ii., ....i;j 1 1 T,, +1,;.. 
 
 out these })laces. ) These l>a!s form a 
 
 formed and tinallv solid land. In this 
 
 , , , . . 1 ,. 1 "wav the coastal plain an<l shore line 
 
 sand\ t)pacli consisting mostiv ot sand ■ _ 
 
 , ■ , , ' ,, ■ are beine; built out farther into the sea. 
 
 tlunes along the ocean trout lor more 
 
 , , ., ,, ... . ,, Tliese clianges go on steadily so that 
 
 than JIK) miles. I poll tins beach there .^ ^ 
 
 every few years many of the lai'o'e hotels 
 iire many ]io])nlar seaside resorts at ' . " it' i i 
 
 , . , ' , . , . , at the seaside resorts are obliged to be 
 
 winch jieople sojourn during the suni- 
 
 moxed or rt'built in order to be "on the 
 
 sea. 
 
 The ^'rc.at numl)ei' of lights on the 
 
 dci-sey coast are maintained by the 
 
 1 ■ 1 1 L'nitcd States Government, as are also 
 
 waves or tins coast -which beat up tlic 
 
 the LilV S.avino' stations which are es- 
 
 niei' season fi>r t!ie benefit of the sea 
 baths and I he in\igorating sea air. 
 
 The s;ind liars or i-eefs are foi'iiied b\' 
 tlie action of the strong winds ami 
 
 sand from the shallow sea Ixittom, and 
 slowK' build it into these otf-shoi'e 
 
 tablished along the coast. 
 
 hcachcs What do the many liglits tell us about the New 
 
 .Jersey coast t What relation is tliei-e between the 
 lietween these beaches and the coast many li.uhts and the Life Savin<j stations ^ There 
 
 there are mallV loli^-, narrow liodies of are few lar-e harbors ; can you tell why ? 
 
 Ou the i-elief map, trace th<' \\ aler-parliii^- 
 bi'tween Ihc slri'diiiht which lind llieir way east- 
 
 Salt or 1)rackish water. These bodies of 
 ater are called hKjootiH. 
 Obsei've that there are many inlets in Bay. Point out the u-atcv-parting and tell its 
 
 water are called UkIooDH. ward dir.'clly to the .sea, and tliose whose w.aters 
 
 reach the sea by way of the l^elaware River and 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY OE NEW JERSEY. 
 
 CHIMNEY JiurlC FALLS, ItAKITAN l;l\ KL', 
 IN SOMBUSET CODNTV. 
 
 general dii"ecti<in. Trace the streams down each 
 slope, naming and describing- them as you do so. 
 You find tliat the longer, larger streams How east- 
 ward, Avliile many small streams — runs, brooks 
 and creel<s — flow into the Pehiware. 
 
 Tell w h i c h 
 streams of the 
 coastal jilain you 
 think are most 
 slugggish in theii' 
 flow, and why. 
 
 liivei's. — The 
 most iiii])ortant 
 /■irt/'s of New 
 Jersey are the 
 Passaic, Hack- 
 ensaclv,Raritan, 
 ^lullica, Great 
 K o- o- Ilarlxir 
 and ^Eauriee. 
 
 I'ASSAK FALLS AT PATEKSOX. 
 
 ^Vhich of these flows into Newai'k Bay ? Which 
 into lower New Y'ork Bay ? Whicli flows into 
 tlie lagoons of the Atlantic ? Wljich into Dela- 
 Avare Bay ? Which rivers drain nortliern New 
 Jersey ? Which soutliern New Jersey ? 
 
 Tlie Passaie liiver I'eaehes the sea 
 after iiialciu^' many turns and cur\'es, and 
 two falls, called Little Falls and Passaic 
 Falls. The lirst Falls forms a l_)eautiful 
 cataract. At the second, in Paterson, tlie 
 ri\"(M' takes a tremendous leap over a 
 precipice of '.h» feet into a great cleft of 
 rock. Here the water is chnrned into 
 foam and a spray is tlii'own man\' feet 
 into the upper air, making a .scene of 
 imjiosing gi'andeTU'. 
 
 ]Most of the streams of northern New 
 Jer.sey are fed l>y the mountain lakes 
 an<l ponds. These streams fldw ra])idlv 
 and furnish the many great industrial 
 centers on their l)anks v,"ith water- 
 ])o\ver foi' maiuifacturing pur[ioses. 
 
 L a I' e s . — 
 There are 
 m an y s mall 
 lale-s beauti- 
 fully located 
 a m o n g tlie 
 northern high- 
 lands of Ne^\■ 
 Jersey. The 
 t\vo largest and 
 most important 
 are Ij a k e s 
 Ilopatcongand 
 
THE (iEOGKAl'IlY OF NEW JEKSEV. 
 
 Green \v<:»0(l — the latter lying on the 
 northern border and |)aiiial]y in New 
 York. These lakes, with many smaller 
 
 I.AI^I-; IIIFI'AIXO.NG. 
 
 ones, are popiihu' suuiiiier resorts. Can 
 yon think of any I'c^asons for this? 
 
 Oil wliich surfuce division of New Jersey do 
 you live ; <.)ii which slope 'i Wliat is the cliai'ac- 
 ter of the surface in your locality ? 
 
 Which of the most important rivers are in your 
 section of the State ? What small streams or 
 lakes or ponds are in yoiu' section i Find out all 
 you can about the surface and drainage of the 
 section in which you live. 
 
 Draw the rivers in the map of New .Jersey 
 which you have already beg'un. Also draw them 
 in a second nidp. Carefully correct any erroi-s in 
 this second drawing, and outline the rivers in blue 
 pencil or crayon. Then color the surface of the 
 second map a light gi'cen to represent lowlands, 
 and brown to i-epresent highlands. Indicate the 
 general water-])ai'ting in lighter brown than the 
 mountain ranges, and the sand I'eel's and very low 
 marshy land on llie coast with lighter green than 
 the lowlands. ( 'olor the border waters a pale blue. 
 Caution : l)c' careful to kee]i the colors soft and 
 light. I'rint the names of the great surface divi- 
 sions on the colored map, as in the relief ma]) 
 of .\cw .Icrsey. 
 
 I'rint the names of the im))i)rtant rivers and 
 lakes ill th(^ lirst or ))rogrcssive map. Then draw 
 tlie mountains and peaks in this maii and ])i'int 
 their names. 
 
 Clim.\TK. — In vvhicli Jiart of the North Temper- 
 ate Zone does New .lersey lie ? How many ncu- 
 
 sails does it have ? Compare the length of its 
 sunnners with the length of those of Maine; 
 with tho.se u( North Carolina. Compare its 
 winters with the winters of Minnesota, Missouri, 
 South Carolina. Wliich of these States must 
 have the earliest spring ? How does this affect 
 the vegetation of these States ? Which of 
 these States must make early preparation for 
 winter ? How does this affect the vegetation 
 — as the ripening of fruit and grains ? Judg- 
 ing from the position of New Jersey in the Noi'tli 
 Ti'inperate Zone, which part is colder ? Which 
 warmer ? Why ? 
 
 Which part of New .Jersey is made cooler by 
 its heiglit above sea-level ! Which part must be 
 esjjecially affected by its seaward slope '. 
 
 How is the section in which you live affected by 
 its height above sea-level ? How is it affected by 
 the sea ? 
 
 What are the prevailing winds of your sec- 
 tion during the summer? During the winter? 
 Which of these winds are dry i Why ? Which 
 are moist ? Why ? 
 
 As the entire kState of New Jerse\^ 
 lies on the Atlantic slope, the elimate is 
 much nioilitic(l liy the effect of the sea, 
 and h;is a more uniform tcDiperatiire 
 (hiring etirh season than many other 
 States. 
 
 TIu'I-c is a marked difference of teiii- 
 jierattire l)etween the northern and 
 southern parts of New Jersey. This is. 
 due to three causes, viz : ( 1 ) the northern 
 part lies farther north in the temperate 
 zone; (2) it is higher, and ( ■"> ) it lies 
 farther ;iw;i\' from the modifying intln- 
 ences of the sea. 
 
 The Kisli i-hj iriiitlti of New Jersey are 
 ma<l(' Avarmcr ;ind more moist becanse 
 they lilow ovci- the Gnlf Stream Drift, 
 Avliich Hows from tiie eqnatorial regions 
 ihroiiu'h the ^Vllantic towards the Polar 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY 
 
 regions. (See p. 98, Elenieutary Geog- 
 r:q.li_v.) 
 
 The I'U'evailing wimh of the State 
 are tlie northeast, oi' trade winds, 
 and the westerlies. All places directly 
 ■on the sea have a strong sea breeze dur- 
 ing a part of the day and a land hreeze 
 during the night. The seaward slope 
 gives New Jersey plenteous rainfall. 
 
 The whole State is most healthful, 
 and tliere are many summer and winter 
 lie (lit It I- (■ ■ 
 sorts. Lake- 
 y< o o (1, 1 o - 
 cated in the 
 lieart of the 
 pine woods 
 of the coast- 
 al plain, is 
 a most pop- 
 ular winter 
 resort. The dee^t sandy soil allows good 
 drainage, and tlie air is dry and partic- 
 ularly liealthf ul for consumptives. 
 
 Atlantic City, Asbury Park and Cape 
 May are winter resorts for invalids as 
 well as summer resoi'ts for other people. 
 Long IJrancli, Elhermi and Ocean 
 Grove are also •\vell-knowu summer 
 resoi'ts. 
 
 Locate eacli place lueulioncd. Tell the direc- 
 tion of each from tlje place in wliicli you 
 live. 
 
 Indicate l)y arrows the prevailing' winds on the 
 surface map yon have made ; also indicate the 
 Gulf Stream Drift. 
 
 OF XEW JERSEY. 9 
 
 The Soil and Its Pkodicts. 
 
 (Bring in picUires ropreecntint; indugtrios of New Jersey. Paste 
 tliein neatly on aelieet of nianila paper, or gray card-board, i 
 
 The soil of New Jersey is for the 
 most ])art a red sandy loam ■\\liich is 
 easily tilled. Jt is most fertile in the 
 ri\er valleys and in the hilly sections 
 of the northern part of the State. It is 
 lio-hter and less fertile towards the 
 south. 
 
 The long, gentle seaward slope of 
 
 the coastal 
 plain from 
 the Lilly 
 section of 
 tlie soutli- 
 ern part of 
 New Jersey 
 has a deep 
 sandj^ st)il 
 which is 
 overgrown with pine forests. Near the 
 shore the forests have l)een cleared 
 for small farms. The most fertile soil 
 of southern New Jersey is on the west- 
 erly slopes towards the Delaware, and 
 here are located the best farms of this 
 part of the State. 
 
 The nearness and easy access to the 
 great markets of New York and Phila- 
 delphia have stimulated the farmers of 
 New Jersey to imju'ove their farms and 
 to briuir them to a hio'h state of culti- 
 vation. 
 
 Trtich (ja )•(]<' nimj., ilal i-iji mj, and fruit. 
 
 
 Tllli j;iiAl II A.M) Ilo'lKl.^ AT AfljANIIl (ITV. 
 
10 THE GEOGRAPHY OF jSEW JERSEY. 
 
 rai-iiiig are the special industries of the Few States surpass New Jersey iu the 
 
 fanners, iu additiou to the J'aising of the raising of flo\vers and foliage plants, 
 
 ordinary fai'in prcxlucts foi' house uses. They are also cultivated in hot houses, 
 
 Ye<j(:tahle><, siiKill t'ri(ifs^ and vrchoni and supply the lic.iwer markets of the 
 
 f/uiifs are I'aised in ahundaufe. o;reat cities dui'inL:- the winter months. 
 
 The most important vegetables are The constantly growing demand for 
 
 potatoes, sweet potatoes, onions, toma- dainj jn-odiicfs made hy the steady in- 
 
 toes, cabbages, sweet corn, asparagus, ci'ease of cit\' ])opulation, and li\" the 
 
 green pease, green beans, musk melons, growing popularitA' of the health ivsoi'ts, 
 
 water meh)n3 and cueu-ndjers. has led many of the Xew Jersev fai'mers 
 
 The most iin[>ortant small fruits are to especially engage in dairying and 
 
 strawberries, cranbei'ries (wliieh are stock raising. 
 
 raised in the Ixigi^y soil of the southei'u ^Millions of gallons of milk and ci-eain. 
 
 part), blackljerries, currants, raspberi'ies, and millions of pounds of butter ai'e 
 
 and goosel)erries. produced and shij)ped ev^ery year to the 
 
 The I'aising of eai'ly vegetables and great centers for disti'ibution. Tliere is 
 
 small fruits for supplviug the demands also an ever-inci'easing th^mand for })Oul- 
 
 of the people of the cities and health try and eggs, which leads small farmei's 
 
 resorts is a source of great revenue to to specialize in this direction. The in- 
 
 inauvof the Xew Jersev farmers. These crease in the nundier of cows and jioultry 
 
 early fruits and A'egetables are Lj'rowii has kept up the demand for the ditt'er- 
 
 and I'ipened umh'r n'lass, so as to foive ent grains n[ioii which they ai'e fech and 
 
 their u'rowth. promoted the cultivation of corn. 
 
 The most important orchard fruits Corn and wheat are grown in all sec- 
 are peaches, apples, peai's, cherries, tions, while the i-aising of buckwheat, 
 plums and prunes. The raising of rye, oats and l>arley is confined jiiinci- 
 jieaches is largely contlned to the norlli- pally to the northei-n part of the 
 \\'estern [lail of the. State. GrapcH-ul- State. 
 ture is inereasing. l^nonrcTs of Fisiieutks. — The great 
 
 The raising of orchard fruits has led extent of the Xew Jersey coast line, with 
 
 some of the farmers |o grow /////'.v /•// its many inlets and bays, fumishes the 
 
 jiroiliK-ts; as their pi-iiieipal business in natural conditions for developing large 
 
 order to fui'uisli scedlluLi's to the fruit iisln ni i inliixfrii s. ^NTanv thousands of 
 
 growt'rs. jieople ai'e thus engaged thr<iughout the 
 
THE (iKOGRAI'llY OF XEW JEli.SEV, 
 
 11 
 
 year in the little fishing villages alung 
 the coast. 
 
 The principal /?.s//e/7/7>/v>^///(/.s in their 
 order of importance are otjsters, cldz/is; 
 shad, squeteague, hlueji><li and I'od. These 
 products are a source of food sn[>p]y for 
 the gi'eat in- 
 dustrial cities 
 and seaside re- 
 sorts. 
 
 Mining axu 
 Qr'ARKY Pro- 
 ducts. — New- 
 Jersey is rich 
 in clays. As a 
 result, the Stat I' 
 ranks second 
 in the Union 
 in the produc- 
 tion of pottery 
 and third in the 
 clay products. 
 
 A very fine grade of clay is found ou 
 the western slope of the coastal plain, 
 from which fine pottery is manufactured. 
 Trenton is the leading city in the United 
 States in the "potteries" industry. Tiles 
 and lirick are manufactured in all pai'ts 
 of the State from a pooi'er cl;iy. 
 
 In the southern part of the State, there 
 is an aliundance of fine sand \\liich is 
 most valuable in the manufactui-e of 
 (jlass. Srid(jL-tuii and ^fiVrillr aiv the 
 ^M'iucipal glass manufacturing centers. 
 
 This section has been a glass-making center 
 since very early in the history of New Jersey. 
 One of the largest window and bottle plants in 
 the State is still owned and managed by the 
 descendants of the men who started it nearly one 
 hundred and twenti-Hve years ago. 
 
 Sevei'al valuable I'lilliJ'nig stones are 
 
 i[uarried in the 
 State, viz.: 
 'jraniti, ■siinil- 
 stone and uiai'- 
 hl(\ Xew Jer- 
 s e y I' a n k s 
 second in the 
 pi'oducti<.in of 
 Poftland ce- 
 ment. 
 
 Find out wliat 
 cement is and how 
 it is made. 
 
 IIAlIJNt; IN A t'ATLU Ol'' KIMl AT AILANTK ( ITV 
 
 total production of 
 
 There are 
 extensive ledges of (piciss and trap-roch 
 which are valuable in road buildino-. 
 New Jersey has some of the best roads 
 in the United States. IJoad making 
 has been made easv in the State bv the 
 abundance and neai'nessof the necessary 
 rock materia'. 
 
 ^ alualile iron ore has been mined in 
 the northwestern paiT of New Jersey 
 since very early times. It su])[)lies the 
 gi'eat iron and ste(4 industries of tl:e 
 State with liie raw mateiial for tJieir 
 manufactures. Other ores of less im- 
 portance ai'e zhic. iniinijti ii( s( and coj^ipi i-. 
 
12 
 
 THE GEOGKAIMIY OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 There ;ire largt^ deposits of )iu(r] in (3) its iinexeelled means of transiaorta- 
 
 the State, wliich is used for fertilizing tion ; (4) its resources of iron and v;d- 
 
 tLe farndaiids. iial.)le clays and sands; (5) its ea.sy 
 
 Fiiidout I. f wliat marl is composed and wliy it ''^L'<^'ess to the gi'eat Coal iields of Peuu- 
 
 isagoodlv.rtili/A.r. sylvauia; (G) its cheaper living faeil- 
 
 TuK LuMBEHiNG IxDi'STRY. — The foi"- ities, Avliich liave caused many uian- 
 
 ests of New Jersey are now mostly of nt'acturers to move their indusri'ii's 
 
 t li e sec o n d - 
 growth tiniher 
 — t li e fi r s t 
 growth, A\"hicli 
 consisted lai'gely 
 of hai'd A\oods, 
 hasing lieeu loni;' 
 a g o c le a r e d 
 away. The in- 
 crease in the 
 Inmljering indus- 
 ti'V is shown 1)\ 
 tile increase in 
 the manufactui'e 
 
 A \ii,\\ IN \\ lisr i.ii:A.N(ii:, n. .i., siiuwin(; a tyi'rai, ledge 
 
 OV THAI'-KOIK. 
 
 from Xew ^'oik 
 into NcAv Jer- 
 sey. 
 
 The most im- 
 portant grouj) of 
 industries in ilie 
 State consists in 
 the manufacture 
 of the li.rfihs, 
 viz.: .s///' and 
 
 •sv/A' (Jdiiils, cot- 
 
 lull tjdtiil.s of all 
 kinds, irorsffds 
 
 a n d ir a <i / c ii. 
 
 and output of jJdn iini-m iJJ siijiplies — i/aixls^ /u/.si'i ry and I'lii'f i/uai/s, cdrj/ifs 
 tliat is, su])plies of lumber, sash, dooi's and rth/s, 1///1 imj -Aud p'liis/iiiit/ te.ililis, 
 and hlinds. and slKidilij. In the production of 
 
 JVlANUFAoruiM': AM) ]\[ AXirFACTURiNO. silks and silk goods New Jei'sey 
 — New Jei'sey is i';i[>idly deyelo]>ing 
 many great industi'ial centers, aud al- 
 ready j'aidvs sixth in the United States 
 m the vahu^ of iiKimtt'dcl/n-) il jirnilncts. 
 'J'liis is due to se\-eral reasons, chief of 
 wliich .arc (1) its geogra[)liical position 
 on the Atlantic seal»o;ii-d ; ('i') its near- 
 ness (o the gre.-it indnsti-i:d and trade 
 centers of New \ uv\s .-hhI T'hiladelphia; 
 
 A I'UOSI'ICHUIS .MANIKM-I'UUINC I'l.AXT IN A ^MAl.l, 
 COMMUNITY. 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY OF XEW JERSEY. 
 
 13 
 
 ranks first in tlif Union. This in- tlie nianufactuie of iron and steel and 
 dustry is centered in the towns and theii' pi'oducts. 
 
 cities of the northern and middle sec- One of tlie largest and oldest nianu- 
 
 tions of the State. P((fersoi) is tlie factories of pig ii-on is at O.cford. Steel 
 oldest and I I i s m a n n - 
 
 fartnred ia 
 Xe to a I' I' , 
 li o nidii ^ 
 J> (I r e /' , 
 
 hui-fj, Pat- 
 
 lar2;est silk 
 uianuf ac - 
 taring city 
 in the 
 United 
 States. It 
 is called the 
 '• Lyons of 
 America ; " 
 can you tell 
 A\ hv i 
 
 LAI, I. I.M.I, lAi loliV Al NKUAllK, K. .1. 
 
 ef!<on, I'afi- 
 s a i c a n d 
 I r e II to II . 
 The Tren- 
 ton steel 
 wii'e is sent 
 
 F i u d out 
 
 wiiicli cities manufacture cotton goods; which, to all liarts of tlie AVol'ld. 
 
 worsteds ; which, woolen g-oods : which, knit ,„, ,. , i- ^' 7 7 
 
 J , ■ 1 . 1 . • 1 ] Ihe maniitactnre ot jinnidrii and ma- 
 
 goods; which, carpets and rugs; which, dye- iiniiii.....^i i.^ j j 
 
 ing and finishing textiles. Find out all you cJi ine sliop p''0<^"''f>^ ^"^^^^^ ^^^^^'^^^^ among 
 
 tlie various industries of New Jersey. 
 
 can about each of the textile industries. Write a 
 short description of the more important ones 
 Make a special study about any textile manufac 
 tured in the locality in wliich vou live. 
 
 The various iron ami sf(r(:l iiiairiifai'- 
 tiii'fs form the second important group 
 
 Great macliine shops and foundi'ies ai'e 
 located in Xeirarl, Jerse;/ C'ifi/, Iloho- 
 hii, Pafersoii, J'laiiifidi], Plizahetlt, 
 Camden and PJiiUqidnn-g. EHzaheth 
 
 of industrie.s, which are for the most has one of the laigest sewing macliine 
 part located iu the northwestern and plants in the United States, 
 central portions of the State. EJtctrical apparatus and siqpdk-s ai-e 
 The nearness of the iron and coal sup- other industries \\luch depend ujton 
 ply, and the abundant means of trans- ii'on and steel for working material, 
 jiortation have greatly aided in the ra])id The refniiaj of prtroJcinn is an ini- 
 growth and dcveloj)ment of the ii'on in- mense, thougli comparati\ely new, in- 
 dustries in the State. \i-ii'arl\J\it<-rsoii, dustry, wliich ranks thiid among the 
 and EHzalidli are the lai-gest centers for industi'ies of the State, llaiiomn is the 
 
14 THE (JKOCUAPIIY OF NEW JEKSEV. 
 
 great center of this industry, its posi- s_ysteins in the State all teriiiioatiiig 
 
 tiou on the deep sea aUowinn- vessels to near New York Bay on the Jersey 
 
 be loaded directly at tlie tloeks. side of the Hudson Rivei'. These 
 
 Why is it (lesii-al.lc to load pefn.ieum products railroads gather up the different pro- 
 directly at the docks ? Find out wliat the petro- dm-ts of the sections thl'ough \\liicll 
 leuin products are. Which are of tlie most im- 
 portance ? Wliat are some of their various uses ? they pass and carry tlieni to tlie great 
 
 How are the dillerent pn.ducts liaudledand ,.,„|suniin- and d istrihuting centel', Xew 
 
 shipped ? How is tlie crude petroleum transpoi'ted 
 
 from the oil fields to the refill. M-ies? York City. Ili-n- these products are 
 
 New Jersey is (.tie of the leading ^"'"l to the people of this great city and 
 States in the ni;iiinf;icture of ./V //>//■//, ill its vicinity for iiiiuie<liate use, or tliey 
 i\\e tiiiunn^l ■M\^ tinisluinj of J,(iflHi\ Mu\ 'M'^' ^'^'nt i"*""* ^^t-"' England and New 
 in the nianufa<'ture of iiinJt ]li[nnrs, and York State, or tire shipped ;is exports by 
 in each of these industries .\7//v//-/' takes steauisliiiis to other i>arts of the \\ orld. 
 the oldest and the leading rank. N<'\v York gathers the world's pro- 
 Other ni;inuf;iclures are <•//, /y//,Y//.s-, the <lncts ill iiii[H)rts liy laud and sea from 
 le.-tding centers for this industry h.-ing the West and the Kast, and sends them 
 yiiniii; Citinilui. and I'xi ijoii n, \ tiiid out soiithw.ard tind westward across New 
 rulilier and elastic goods, with centers at Jersey to other trtide and industilal 
 X< irark M\^\ \i /r lini iiKirid: cent(M's in N(MV Jersey and ot her States. 
 '^'oii may noti' tlnit most of the m.-tnii- Alillions of j.eople are carried atu-oss 
 facturing and trade eeiiters of \ew the St.nte of New Jersey every yeai'. 
 Jersey are within a. r.idius of .lo to '7) and the Aaliie of the freight trtittic 
 miles (,f New ^'oi-k. I'nited with Xe\v tlifoii-h Xew Jersey amounts to liillioiis 
 York, they make the greatest mtiniifae- of dollars annually. 
 
 tui-iug and coiiimer.'ial renter in the J'he priiicip:il tailroads entering New 
 
 \\i)i-|d. \'ork from New Jerse\- are the J>(h(- 
 
 .Mkv.ns OK 'ruvNsi'oi; rvtiox AM> CoM- iri(ri\ Liicktiii'iinnii. uikI Ih.s■/^/■/^ lln- 
 
 Mr.NlcATIo.N. — /A////v(r/r/,s-, steam and (dec- 1 ><ll I iiimi'i lUnl < >lu(), I In l\rl(.t]ii Pdiii- 
 
 tric, traverse Xew Jefse\- ill all direc- sijlranid, lln CiiiUuil l!iiiJni(i<l (ij ^\i>0 
 
 tioiis, coiinei'ting iiKliisirial ceiitei-s w it h -A/.w// ;iud tin Lilinjh \ ulli i/. 
 
 e.-udi other and with New ^'ol■k l'>a\, 'I'lieiv are iiiaii\ local tr.nins wlii(di con- 
 
 lludsoii IJivcr, Slateii Island Sound, nect tow ns ami clt les of X"^(W\- Jersey witli 
 
 and Kai'itaii l'>a\. New N'ork. These .-ire for the lieiietit of 
 
 Thei'e are se\'en Iriinl'; line railroad the business men tiiid wonu'ii li\ing in 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 15 
 
 New Jersey and going daily t<> their "^^'11=*^ benefit is derived in shipping coal and 
 
 . 1 rni lumber by canal rather than by raili-oad ? 
 
 business in JSew York. Ine [)eople wlio 
 
 patronize these trains are called com- Teliijr(ti>]i and lihplone service con- 
 
 7nute7'S, because they get certain rates nects all parts of New Jersey with eaoli 
 and commutation tickets from the rail- other and ^vitll other sections of the 
 roads. worhL 
 
 The electric railway service has done The rural fnn' (Jdlixrij of the mail 
 more than all other service to bring the service of the United States Post 
 farmers of the sparsely settled localities Office Department reaches many of the 
 
 farmers, deliver- 
 ing at their door 
 
 DKAWINO A UUAI- Lr AN 1N( ].1M:U I'LAMO !• KOM TUE LEVEL 
 OF ONE CANAL TO ANOTIIICR. 
 
 into communica- 
 tion -".vitli the 
 trade centers, 
 thus bringing 
 the people of 
 the cities and 
 country into 
 closer social eon- 
 tact. 
 
 Canals.— ^itw 
 Jersey has two 
 importantr'(/7?/^/.s', 
 y'vA : the J/orz-is 
 Canal and the Delaware and Raritan 
 Canal. 
 
 The Morris Canal is owned by the 
 Lehigh Railroad. It extends from Jer- 
 sey City to Phillipsburg, on the Dela- 
 ware River. Vast quantities of coal are 
 transported by this canal fi'oni the coal 
 fields of Pennsylvania. The Delaware 
 and Raritan Canal, now leased to the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, connects New 
 Brunswick \vith Bordento\vn, \\\{\\ a 
 branch to Trenton. 
 
 papers and let- 
 ters several times 
 a week, and thus 
 bringing them 
 into coimnunica- 
 tion with the 
 w hole world and 
 
 Its doings. 
 
 Population, Re- 
 ligion AND Schools. 
 —Which of the three g-reat races of mankind do 
 you find in New Jersey ? What nations repre- 
 senting the white race ? The yellow race ? 
 
 From the Appendix (p. 24), state the population 
 of New Jersey. How does the population compare 
 with the other States of nearly the same size? 
 Can you think of any reasons for this difference 
 in population between New Jersey and each of 
 these other States ? From the map, tell which 
 part of New Jersey is most thickly peopled. 
 Which most thinly? Why is this probably so ? 
 
 What i-e!i'jii>i,s are represented in New Jersey ? 
 Which branches of the Protestant religion do 
 you know about ? 
 
 Srhooh. — New Jersey has a fine, well- 
 organized system oi jaihlir srlaioh. 
 
IC 
 
 THE GEUGIiAl'lIY OF 2sEW JEKSEY. 
 
 Besides tlie public scbudls, tliei'e are 
 ^wiwien in>i pi'i'vafe and jxi/ncltial sdiooLs 
 ill tlie State. All of the seliouls — }iiib- 
 lic and private — are doing a great work 
 ill ediioating the ehildreii of the State. 
 
 Fiud out from ymir parents or others all you 
 can about the 
 public schools of 
 New Jersey. 
 How are they 
 s u |) ported ' 
 Who has the 
 care of these 
 .schools ? Who 
 selects the 
 teachers i How 
 are they paid for 
 their services? 
 
 A State N(5r- 
 iiial School for 
 the special train- 
 ills' '^t' teachers 
 is located at 
 Trenton. Who 
 s u p p orts it ? 
 Pindoutby what 
 terms pupils at- 
 tend this school. 
 Find out where 
 .soni!' of tlie best 
 ])rivate and parochial schools are located: how 
 they are supported, and who has the care of them. 
 
 J^'ind out where Prineetcin T'niversity is located: 
 who its |)resident is, and huw it is sui>portetl. 
 WhiM-(! is lUitgers College located ? 
 
 Many students in New Jersey tahe 
 adxantagc of the i-diiiniiiters' rates whieh 
 the r:iih'oads atfnrd and stiid\- in tlu; 
 great liiisiness, art, nnislc:il and litcrarv 
 centers of New 'N'ork and i'hihid(d]i]iia. 
 
 (»o\ Ki:\MKNT. — New .Icrscv lias a gov- 
 ernoi' and a State legislature which 
 meets at Trenton in .Iannar\' of eaeli 
 year. The State legislature consists of 
 
 TlIK ASSKMIil.V KcillM OF \ FIX 
 JEItSli 
 
 nineteen State senators — one from each 
 county — and sixty assemblymen, elected 
 ill each county in proportion to its 2»op- 
 ulatioii. 
 
 From the population table (p. 23), tell which 
 county would have the larg'est number of assem- 
 blymen, and which tlie smallest. 
 
 The high- 
 est State 
 courts also 
 hold their 
 sessions in 
 T rent o n . 
 New Jei'sey 
 sends t w o 
 senators and 
 nine rejire- 
 sentatives to 
 the Congress 
 at AVashing- 
 toii to aid in 
 making the 
 laws for the 
 
 government of the United States in all 
 
 its territory and possessions. 
 
 Who is the present governor of the State of New 
 .Tersey ? Where does he reside ? For how long a 
 (eriu was he elected ? When will his term of 
 iiflice ox])ire ? AVho is the State senator from 
 your county ? Where does he live ? Who are 
 the assemblymen from your county ? \\'\io are 
 the two United Slates senators at the present 
 lime ? Who are some of the nine I'epresentatives 
 to the Congress ? 
 
 Cities. — Name and locale the capital of New 
 .T<'rsey. How does it i':ink in size among' the ten 
 lai'gest cities of the Stat(> ? See p. 23. About how 
 far is it from New York City ? From Philadelphia? 
 For what have you learned Trenton is noted ; 
 Because of its being the cai)ilal, what bodies of 
 
 i:i.v i:i>rii'i'FD I'lui.ic stiiooL i.n 
 
 ,V CITY. 
 
THE (iEU(il!AriIY OF XE\V JERSEY. 
 
 ir 
 
 lere are cei'taiu 
 
 men meet here and for what purpose? In what ^-[ Tilpe Clfll. — Tl 
 
 State huikhnrr do these hoiiies meet? Find out , .' , ' , ,. . , . , 
 
 wl>at State ofHces are in this building. Wliat other regulations, laws, an<l conditi-.iis Avhich 
 
 State buildings or institutiojis are located in uuist be imposed Upon ;ill people 
 
 Trenton ? n • • • i j • n , 
 
 grouped 111 eities and towns in order to 
 
 New Jersey lias 190 incorporated protect the life, health, and property of 
 
 cities, towns, villages and l)oroughs. the people, and to make the people 
 
 From the table on p. 24, tell the nun,b.,r of each : comfortable. Thillk ill wliat \\ays Coun- 
 
 cities, towns, villages and boroughs. tiy life is freer than city life. Can 3 on 
 
 Make a list of the cities with their population. , • n , ,,.... ^ 
 
 Locate each. Name the ten largest cities in tlieir think why so many people live in Cities ? 
 order of size. Point 
 out each. Which 
 are located near or 
 on the sea ? Which 
 on navigable rivers '. 
 
 Which are nearest 
 New York City ; 
 Which are farthest 
 from New York 
 City ? In the loca- 
 tion of each of these 
 ten cities, can yon 
 think of any reason^ 
 for its growth anil 
 development ? How 
 does Jersey City com- 
 I)are in size with 
 
 ^TV^^; c aimtoi. at TitiiNio.N. 
 
 In every well- 
 I'egulated city 
 tliere are good 
 streets, paved 
 \\itli brick, stone, 
 asphalt or mac- 
 adam, and good 
 sidewalks. There 
 is a plenteous 
 supply of pure 
 water, and a 
 
 Newark? How does Hoboken compare with .Jer- good sewerage system draining every 
 
 ?y City ? How does it compare with Paterson ? 
 Which four incorporated places of New Jersey 
 
 sev Citv ? How does it compare with Paterson ? ^ i- ii • j_ i • • -i. r^^ 
 
 •^ ■* ' part of the city and vicinity. J he 
 
 have a population of from 20,000 to 2.5,000 ? How streets and public buildings are well 
 
 many cities have a population of between 10,000 i- i , i i i j. • -i. rri 
 
 lonnnA^TT 1,^ K nnn 1 1A nnn» liefhted Dv gas or electncitv. iJiere are 
 
 and 20,000 ? How many between 5,000 and 10,000 ? & J o J 
 
 How many less than 5,000? What is the popula- parks and pulilic statues, and many fine 
 
 tion of the place in which you live ? i -i i- 
 
 buildings. 
 
 Many of the smaller places in the There are .schools — public and pri- 
 
 nortliern, eastern and central sections vate — cliurclies, and public libraries to 
 
 of New Jersey are inhabited largely meet the demands of the people for edu- 
 
 by the New York commuters. By cation, religious woi'ship and culture. 
 
 living outside the large citie.s, they There are banks, liusiness olfices, and 
 
 have the advantages of healthy country buildings of various kinds — as law, 
 
 air, beautiful scenery, and cheaper liv- Life and Fire Insurance, Building and 
 
 ing expenses. Loan As.sociation — and many, many 
 
IS 
 
 TlIK (iEOGlLVrilV OF NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 iitliers, for the purpose of doing tlie 
 liusiuess comiec-teil with tlie city life. 
 
 There are hir^e aiul small stoi'es 
 which are great centers of trade not 
 only for the city, l)ut for the adja- 
 cent coiintr}' districts. There are 
 asyhims and hospitals for the care 
 of the insane, the unfortunate, the 
 orplianed, and the sick, and charitable 
 institutions for the needy and the 
 intirin. 
 
 The city lias telejdionic and 
 telegraphic coininunication with nil 
 other cities of the United States 
 and the world ; it is connected l>v 
 one or more trunk lines of railroad 
 with the great trade and industrial 
 centers of the United States, and liv 
 
 State, and with the nearer large cities 
 of adjacent States. A few of the cities 
 
 
 ^ia;;3 lilt l lg i i^ ri 
 
 ■""■"" — — ese ^ 
 
 A ivi'ii Ai. in lU-ii 
 
 electric and steam iviilroad systems with 
 ncai'U' all otliei' tow ns ;ind cities in the 
 
 1111'. liuai f.( lloill. iU II.LIIMI OK A TVl'l. rnv. 
 
 of New Jersey have also steamer com- 
 munication with other cities of the 
 United States and the Avorld. 
 
 Thei'e is a Fire Depai'tment 
 foi- the protection of the prop- 
 erty of a city ; a good city gov- 
 ernment Avith a mayor and his 
 advisers at the heml, and a Po- 
 lice Department, Avhose liusiness 
 it is to see thai the laws and regu- 
 lati()ns made liy the mayor 
 and his ad\isers ai'e cai'i'ied into 
 effect. 
 
 As the towns and cities of 
 
 New Jerse\ are well governed, 
 
 it is ]irol>alile that all of them 
 
 nnich more than meet the above re- 
 
 (piii'emeiits. 
 
TllK GEOGKAPHY OF XEW JEliSEY. 
 
 19 
 
 Aeica)*. — Can you think of any reason wliy 
 Newark should be the largest city and the greatest 
 financial center in the State ? For what industries 
 is Newark noted :■ 
 {l)p. IS, U.j 
 
 Other impoi'- 
 taut inanufac- 
 t II res of Newark, 
 are elieinicals, 
 electrical appai'a- 
 
 tirs and stq^P^i*?^' 
 fertilizers, boots 
 
 aiul shoes, fiu 
 
 hats, men's cloth- ^ business strekt i.n- newakk, n. j 
 
 ino", -women's clothing, watch cases and 
 varnish. 
 
 Jerseii Clin is tlie terminus of a large 
 
 handle an immense traffic of passengers 
 and freiu'ht. It is also a sfeam.sli/j> fcr- 
 
 III III <i^ fiir lines 
 cniinecting with 
 other cities of 
 the Atlantic sea- 
 l)oard and Avith 
 Europe. 
 
 By what means 
 and aci'oss what riv- 
 ers do people now 
 reach New York City 
 from Jersey City ? 
 Tunnels are being 
 constructed underthe 
 
 river which will soon enable the trains to run 
 
 directlv into New Y'ork. 
 
 crrv iiALi., jiiUsKV hty. 
 
 number of railroads, each running many 
 trains from the West or v'^outh, -which 
 
 Besides the industries already noted 
 (pp. 13, 14), Jersey City has toliacco fac- 
 tories and sugar refineries "which are 
 among the largest in the Avoi-ld. It has 
 o-reat grain elevators for receiving West- 
 ern cargoes of Avheat and corn and load- 
 ing them on steamers for exportation. 
 It manufactures locomotives, l)()ilers, tin, 
 zinc, silver and copper products, malt 
 liquors, soap and candles. Jersey City 
 has o-rown rapidly during the past ten 
 A'ears. Can you think of any I'eason for 
 this;! 
 
 JIoh(A'i:ii is ver\- much like Jersey City 
 in its h_)cation and in the character of 
 its industries. 
 
 Paterson. — For wliat manufactiu'e does Pater- 
 son lead in the United States ; (p. 13.) What is 
 this cit\' sometimes called ? Why '. What other 
 industries have already been mentioned in connec- 
 tion with Paterson ? 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Still iither iiulustiies are dyeing and 
 fiiiisLintr of textiles and manufaetui'ing 
 malt liquors, pottei'v and rul»l)er goods. 
 \\'liat special natural advantages has it 
 for Ijeing a great industrial center? 
 
 Camden. — Wliat rank does Camilen hold amoiio^ 
 tlie cities of New Jersey ; Wliat special ad vaiitag'3 
 lias it in its location on the I'l-Iaware and in its 
 nearness to Philadelphia '. 
 
 Its principal industries are tlie manu- 
 facture of worsted goods, uilclotL, 
 foundiy and machine sho]! products, 
 paints, soap and candles, beiots and 
 shoes, jilaniug-mill products, and jiateiit 
 medicines, ship-huilding, ca.iniing of 
 pickles, preserves and sauces, producing 
 ui bread and other l)aker })ro(lucts. 
 
 Most of the other cities of New 
 Jersey are engaged in about the same 
 class of industries as have beau men- 
 tioned. 
 
 Tell for what Elizabeth, Bayonne, Atlantic City 
 and Passaic are noted. Name all other places 
 mentioned among- the industrial centers (|)p. ;i. 1 1, 
 13. 14), and tell for what each is noted. 
 
 Ill tlu' tliiicl (proiluc'tioii and iictupiitioii) innp imlicatc tin- great 
 iincfi of traiit^porlalion wliuii roiiiH'ct the .siiialk-r with tlu- larLrcr 
 centers. 
 
 .Make a table >lio«ili>.' Ilie iiiiliiKlriiH ami pinducts cif tile ten 
 larirest (ilics of New .lerr^ey. 
 
 SUcaiESTIVE (^)rESTIclXS FOR THE StI'DV OF .\NY 
 
 City, Tow.n ok Bokouch. 
 
 Where and wlieii was the lirst settlement made ? 
 By whom was it made '. (Nationality, family or 
 families' names. ) For what purpose was it made i 
 Did till! first .settlers have any special business 
 which they wished to carry on ? IV'.scribe tlie 
 early liomes and home life of its |)eo|)le. Of what 
 did the food largely consist? How ihd llie set- 
 tlers dress, and of wliat material did their clotliiii"' 
 
 consist ? How did they secure such clothing .' 
 Find out about the g-rowth of this settletnent; was 
 it rapid or slow ? Where and when was tlie first 
 church located ? Where and when was the first 
 .school established '. Wlio taught it ? How was 
 he paid for te.'iching ? What were the studies ? 
 How were tools procured ? How and by whom 
 were the horses shod ? Tell of some of the hard- 
 ships and difficulties of the early settlers of your 
 town or city. 
 
 Where and when was the first mill or factory 
 located ? What was the nearest trade center ? 
 How did the settlers go there ? For wliat ))iu'- 
 pose ? Wluit did the\- take to this place ? What 
 ilid they bring away ; When were the first roads 
 constructed ? Between what points ? What were 
 the ])rincipal .streets at first ? Where and when 
 and by whom was the first store located '. When 
 and whei'e was the first post-office opened ? 
 
 Compare the early conditions with those of the 
 IM'esent, and trace the gradual development of in- 
 dustries and the growth in population to the pres- 
 ent. Consider the character of the countiw and 
 the natural advantages. Is it in a rich farming' 
 district ? Is it near a mining or quarrj' section ? 
 Is it in a forest region ? Is it near the sea, in the 
 locality of fisheries ( Is it on a river having great 
 watei' power, which was so necessary for the early 
 milling and manufacturing ? Is it a section easy 
 of access in transportation ? 
 
 What do you think must have been the charac- 
 teristics of the early settlers '. What families and 
 what industries have been esjiecially active in the 
 growth and development of this place i 
 
 What nationalities ai-e represented to-day ? 
 Why did these people come to this city i Com- 
 pare the number and denomination of clmrches 
 f)f the present with the past. Explain tlieir 
 gradual g-rowth. Compare the schools and the 
 government of the present with those of earlier 
 times. 
 
 Go to the older men of your [ilace ;uid learn all 
 you can about earlier conditions and the growth 
 of the place in all ways. Write sketches, taking 
 it single subject, or phase, and describe the gradutil 
 devidopment of that subject. For exam))le : when 
 was the first railroad built ? Bi'tween wluit points ? 
 When were the lirst horse-cars ? When was 
 the fir.st electric road ? If .a city, when was it 
 incorporated? Who w.is the first mayor ? How 
 was the early settlcmiMit governed ? When was 
 the first town meeting' held? For what purpose? 
 
THE LiEUCiltAi'in OF .NEW JEliSEY. 
 
 ''1 
 
 What officers were necessary for making and What is the center or sliire town of tlie county 
 
 reguhiting- laws for tlie people? How were they in wliich you live? Find out for just what busi- 
 selected or chosen ? What officers has your city aess it is noted, 
 to-day ? What is the business of each ? Make 
 a collection of pictures representing the industries 
 of your town or city. 
 
 Counties. — For eoiivcnience in u'ov- 
 criinient, States ai'e divided into eoiui- 
 tie.-<. 
 
 Into how man J' counties is New .Tersey divided' 
 Point out and 
 name tlie coun- 
 ties which bor- 
 d e r on N e w 
 York State. 
 Point out those 
 which border on 
 the sea ; those 
 which border on 
 the Delaware 
 River and Bay. 
 
 Point out two 
 counties which 
 are in the inte- 
 rior of the State. 
 Point out and 
 name the coun 
 ties in northern 
 New Jersey ; in 
 southern New 
 Jersey. Which 
 counties are in 
 
 the densely populated section? Which county is 
 the largest ? Which are of about the same size ? 
 Which is the smallest ? In which do you live ? 
 
 Ill every county there are officers 
 ctilled County Commissioners, chosen l)y 
 popular vote, ^vho form ;in administra- 
 tion lioard to conduct financial and other 
 affairs of the county. Find out \\liat 
 other officials eacli county lias and what 
 the business of each is. 
 
 In each county there is a center or shire 
 town where county business is transacted. 
 
 coM.MuN AND ( 111 i;( 11 i;i ii.r i;v si;iri,|.;i,'s from Nliw |';.N(;i.a.m 
 HLOOMFIELD, N. .J. 
 
 Each count}- has at least one prison, 
 one court, and an almshouse. Where 
 are these usually located ? 
 
 Towns, Ixn'oughs, villages and cities 
 are sulj-divisions of coiintie.s. 
 
 How many cities, towns, villages, or boroughs 
 
 are in the cotmty 
 in which you 
 live ? Name the 
 live large.st places 
 in your county. 
 
 History of 
 New Jersey. — 
 In early colonial 
 times New Jersey 
 was a single col- 
 ony. Its first set- 
 1 loments we re 
 made about 1020 
 by the Dutch at 
 Bergen near the 
 Hudson River, 
 and at Nassau on 
 the Delaware in 
 1023, near what 
 is now Glouces- 
 ter. The Swedes 
 made small set- 
 tlements ill southern .Jersey in 1G38, and the 
 English settled at Elizabeth in 166."). The con- 
 trol of tlie colony passed into the hands of the 
 English in 1664. at which time it became a pro- 
 vince of England. The population increased by 
 consideral)le additions of settlers from New Eng- 
 land. What advantages of climate or soil has 
 New .Ier.sey over New Eng-land that may have 
 determined this move ? 
 
 In 1676 the province was diviit'd into East and 
 West Jersey, and so remained until 1702, when it 
 was reunited as a royal territory. 
 
 New Jersey is one of the original thirteen 
 States whose peojilc rebelled against the govern- 
 ment of England and, by lighting, secured their 
 independence and founded a new nation which 
 was to become a new power in the world. 
 
THE GEOGRAPHY OE ^E\V JERSEY. 
 
 -:-#"T'- -JAP.- 
 
 New Jorsoy was tlic scfiie (if great caiii])ai<Tiis 
 (luring' this war of iiideiwiiclpiicc. After the bat- 
 lies of L(jng- Island and W]iit(,' Plains, in 1770, 
 General George WasliingtiiJi, witii his Conti- 
 nental army, crossed the State, going from New 
 York to Pennsylvania. Find out for what purpose 
 tliis nil ive was made — what liis objective point was. 
 
 Late in December of 1771! General Washing- 
 ton won the famous battle of Trenton. How ? 
 This was followed early iu January of the next 
 year by the battle of Princeton. 
 
 Ijuter, by his pei'soiial lii-.ivery. Washington 
 s.'ivcd the battle of MonnnMilli fronibeinga defeat 
 bi'cause of tlie treason 
 of one of his generals. 
 ( 'liai'Ies Tjce. Find onl. 
 how he did this. Gen- 
 eral Washington made 
 his 1) ea.cbi ua I'ters a-t 
 Morristoun for three 
 winters. Can you think 
 of any natiu'al ad v;ni 
 tages in the land sti-uc 
 tui'(.' of this section 
 which made it a sate 
 retreat for his small 
 army 'i 
 
 New Jersey has given 
 many celebrated and 
 
 brave men to the country. I'Tnd out who some 
 of them were. 1^'ind out what men of .\ew Jersey 
 are today reckoned among the leaders in the 
 iMlncalional, industrial and mdional all'aii's of the 
 United Stah-s. . 
 
 HiMovival Devfldiiiiii'iil of tJir State. — State 
 briefly what natural conditions have favored the 
 growth and ra,]iid dev(dopment of the agricultni'al 
 and manufactui'ing industries of the entire 
 St.ate of New Jersey. Name the State's na- 
 tural re.sources. Which sections are increasing 
 most rapidly in po))ulation ? Why .' Which sec- 
 tion is increasing least rapidly, and wliy ':■ l''ind 
 out the order of development of the sections in 
 Ihe Stale. find nut the order of the dc\clop- 
 nienl (if the L^re.-lt centers. 'I'eil the cause of Ihe 
 (|e\'elopinent of each. Which a I'e I he live oldest 
 cities in the Slate '. 
 
 find out which in.i nulacturinu' industry was 
 started lirsl, .and lo meet ulial demand. find 
 out what some of the Slate inslilulions of New 
 Jersey are and their order of devclopnieid. Lo- 
 cate these institiUions. 
 
 \\ \Mii\nTONs iieai)(jiai:ti-:i;s xi .moukistow.n. 
 
 GENERAL REVIEW 
 
 For what island and by whom was New Jersey 
 named 'i Locate New Jersey in the United States. 
 In the Middle Atlantic States. What is the area 
 of New Jersey ? How does it conijiare in size 
 witli the othei' States of the Middle Atlantic 
 grouii '. With other of the United Slates ;■ 
 
 B(>und New Jersey. Name the more nnportant 
 
 bays, inlets, islands and projections on its coast. 
 
 Into what two divisions is the surface of New 
 
 Jersey naturally divided '. What route marks the 
 
 division of these two parts '. 
 
 Which l)art of New 
 .lel'sey lies in the Ap- 
 palachian Highlands 'i 
 Tell where the State is 
 crossed by the Pied- 
 mont Plateau. Whi(di 
 part of New Jersey lies 
 in the Coastal Plains? 
 Name and locate the 
 mountain rang-es and 
 peaks of New Jersey. 
 
 Which part of New 
 Jersey was foi'merly 
 covered by an ice sheet ? 
 How did this ice sheet 
 or glacier atf'ect the land 
 surf.ace .' ^Yllat evidences are there which tell peo- 
 [ile that this section was once under an ice sheet ? 
 What ]iro]iorlion of the Coastal Plains is very 
 low i Of what docs the lower portion consist? 
 How were the Coastal I'lains formed ! 
 
 Describe the sand bars on the coa.st of New Jer- 
 sey. How ai-e sand bars formed ? How are these 
 sand liars sejiarated fi'om the coast ? How are 
 the Lagoons and marshes being formed into land .' 
 Tell why New .Icrsey has a dangei'ous coast ; and 
 how life and shipping .-n'c jii-otected. AVhat can 
 you tell of Ihe Xew Jersey beaches as health re- 
 sorts :■ 
 
 Describe the water parting of New Jersey. 
 Name Ihe iuipoi'tanl sire.-ims which flow eastw.-ird 
 ■.i\\{\ ucslw.ard rroni Ihis \\ .-ilei' ]iarliug. Tell into 
 wh.il other fiody oi' stream of water each tlows. 
 N.anie .-ind des(aabe the four largest rivers of New 
 .lcise\ . Whicli .-U'ellie more impiirl.aut rivers for 
 maimraci uring ' Wli\ .' In uliicli section ol 
 New .Icrsey are there m.iny lak'cs .and ponds? 
 Name and locate ibetwd most important lakes. 
 Describe the climate of New Jersey by telling: 
 
 L.ofC. 
 
THE GEOGKAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 (1) in what zone it lies and its seasons; (2i wliicli 
 part is made cooler by its lieis'lit above sea-level ; 
 (3) which part is affected by the sea; (4) its ])re- 
 vailing winds during summer and during winter; 
 
 (5) how it is affected by the Gulf Stream Di'ift ; 
 
 (6) its rainfall ; (7) its healtlifulness. 
 
 Of what does the soil of New Jersc.y consist i 
 In what parts is the soil very fertile ? In what 
 part is it less fertile ? Locate the pine forests of 
 New Jersey. What are the princi|)al occuijations 
 of the people of New Jersej' ? Where are the best 
 farms ? What are some of the special fanning 
 industries '. Whv ? Name the products of the 
 farm land. How are manv of the.se products pre- 
 pared for the early mai'kets ! Why is dairying 
 extensively carried on ? 
 
 In what ways does the coast of New Jersey 
 facilitate fishei'y industries i Name the moi'c 
 important fishery products. 
 
 Name the important quarry products of New 
 Jersey. Tell what you can about each. Tell 
 what you can of clays and their uses. Name the 
 ores found in New Jersey. Which is of great im- 
 portance ? Why ? Tell what you can of the lum- 
 bering industry in New Jersey, and its pro- 
 ducts. 
 
 What rank does New Jersey hold in manufac- 
 turing ? Give six reasons for this. What are its 
 important textile industries '. 
 
 Tell what you can of the silk iiidustr,y : of the 
 iron and steel industries ; of the relining of 
 petroleiiui ; of leather industries ; of the manufac- 
 ture of .jewelry; of the manufacture of chemicals. 
 
 Make a list of all the industrial cities mentioned; 
 locate each and tell foi' w hat each i,s noted. Sum- 
 marize bv making lists of cities engaged in the 
 different industries, e. ij., what cities are en- 
 gag-ed in the iron and steel manufacturing '. 
 
 Name the imjtortant steam railroads that cross 
 New Jersey ; the important canals. 
 
 Tell what you can of the population, religion 
 and schools of New Jersey. How is the State 
 governed ? How is the State repi'csented in the 
 national government ? 
 
 What regulations, laws and conditions must be 
 imposed in order to have a well-governed city or 
 town '. Write a brief description of the conditions 
 and government of your own town or city. 
 
 How many counties has New Jersey ? Name 
 tliem. Tell which are of most importance and 
 wliy. Give brief descriptions of New Jersey's 
 histoi'ical and industrial development. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 couxTii-;s OK Nj<:\v jeksey. 
 
 Atlantic 
 Bergfu . 
 Buriingtoii . 
 Camden 
 Cape May 
 Cuuibci-land 
 Essex . 
 Gloucester . 
 
 Sq. 
 
 Size ill 
 
 Jlik-s. 
 
 'opllInHori. 
 
 
 567 
 
 4(1, (0-,! 
 
 IIimUom 
 
 3:_!6 
 
 7.S, 11 1 
 
 liunhi'ilni 
 
 809 
 
 5W.341 
 
 Mercpi- 
 
 233 
 
 107.643 
 
 ;\Iiil(llesex 
 
 256 
 
 l:i.30l 
 
 Mnniiiniill 
 
 511 
 
 51,11)3 
 
 Muni^ . 
 
 137 
 
 359,053 
 
 Ocean 
 
 326 
 
 31,905 
 
 Passaic 
 
 Size ill 
 
 1900. 
 
 
 Sq. .Miles. 
 
 Populillidli. 
 
 
 43 
 
 386,048 
 
 Salem . 
 
 437 
 
 34, .507 
 
 SciMiei'set 
 
 226 
 
 95.365 
 
 Sussex . 
 
 312 
 
 79,763 
 
 Union . 
 
 . 479 
 
 83,057 
 
 Wan-en 
 
 475 
 
 65,156 
 
 
 583 
 
 19,747 
 
 Tolals 1 
 
 198 
 
 1.55,303 
 
 Stale 
 
 Size ill 
 
 1900. 
 
 S,|. .Mill's. 1' 
 
 ipulMtimi. 
 
 359 
 
 25,530 
 
 305 
 
 32,948 
 
 529 
 
 24,134 
 
 103 
 
 99,353 
 
 363 
 
 37,781 
 
 ,.535 1,.S83,669 
 
 TEN LARGEST CITIES BY POPULATION. 1900. 
 
 Newark . 
 .lersey 
 Paterson 
 Camden . 
 
 ropiilalinii. 
 
 
 
 246.070 
 
 Trent 
 
 III 
 
 206.433 
 
 IldlO 
 
 <en 
 
 105,171 
 
 lOlizal 
 
 ..■II 
 
 75,935 
 
 
 
 ropuiiiiiuii. 
 73,307 
 59,364 
 52,130 
 
 Bayonne 
 Allan tie. 
 Passaic . 
 
 Poimlatioii, 
 rt2 732 
 
 27,888 
 37,777 
 
2-1 
 
 THE GEOGRAPHY OF XEW JEESEY. 
 
 POPULATION OF THE 190 
 
 INC(_)IIPOIlATED CITIES, TOWXS, 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 VILLAGES ANT) BOROUGHS OF 
 
 
 I'.IDll. 
 
 
 roimlatidii. 
 
 Absecoii town 
 
 TilJO 
 
 Allendale borough . 
 
 G!)4 
 
 AUenliurst lioroiigh 
 
 IG.-i 
 
 Alh'iitowM lioi'oufili 
 
 Gil.) 
 
 Auglcsea liorough . 
 
 Itil 
 
 Asliurv I'nrk city . 
 
 4.14S 
 
 Allautic City . ' . 
 
 i;T.8:'.8 
 
 Atlantic Highhiuds lioi( 
 
 ugh l,:!s:! 
 
 Avalon lioi-oiigli 
 
 !);: 
 
 Bayhead liurougli . 
 
 247 
 
 Bayonne City 
 
 33,732 
 
 Beach Haven boniiigh 
 
 239 
 
 Bel mar liiu'oiigh . 
 
 903 
 
 Belvidcre town 
 
 1,784 
 
 Bergentields borough 
 
 73!) 
 
 Beverly city . 
 
 1 .OoO 
 
 Blooinfield town 
 
 9,(i(iS 
 
 Bogota borough 
 
 337 
 
 Boonton town 
 
 3.1)01 
 
 Bordentown city . 
 
 4.110 
 
 Bonndlirook Vjoi-inigh 
 
 3.032 
 
 Bradley IScaeh liorough 
 
 983 
 
 Braiichville liorough 
 
 52G 
 
 Bi'idgeton city 
 
 13,913 
 
 Brigantine city 
 
 99 
 
 Brooklyn borougli . 
 
 75 
 
 Burlington city" . 
 
 7.393 
 
 Caldwell I)f)rougli . 
 
 1.367 
 
 Camden city . ' 
 
 75.930 
 
 Cape May city 
 
 3,357 
 
 Cape May Point liornug 
 
 h 153 
 
 Carlstadt liorougli . 
 
 3.574 
 
 Chatham borougli . 
 
 1,361 
 
 Chesilhurst liorough 
 
 383 
 
 Clayton borough . 
 
 1,951 
 
 Oliffside Park'borruigh . 
 
 968 
 
 Clinton borough . 
 
 81 G 
 
 ( 'ollingswood liorough 
 
 1,033 
 
 Cresskill borough . 
 
 4S6 
 
 Deal borough ' . 
 
 70 
 
 Deckertown liorough 
 
 1.30G 
 
 Dilfol'il li..l-ullgll . 
 
 74G 
 
 I l(i\-el" 1 own 
 
 5,938 
 
 ihiuionl liorough . 
 
 643 
 
 1 luurllcn borough . 
 
 1 339 
 
 IvisL Millstone town 
 
 447 
 
 East Newark borough . 
 
 3.500 
 
 East- Orange city . 
 
 31,506 
 
 East Kntherl'oril boroiig 
 
 1 3,640 
 
 Egg llai'lior city . 
 
 1.808 
 
 Klizabcth city 
 
 52,130 
 
 Mlnicr borough 
 
 1,140 
 
 I'lnglewood city 
 
 6,253 
 
 Englewood Cliffs liorong 
 
 h 318 
 
 Knglislitown borough 
 
 410 
 
 Fairview borough . 
 
 1,003 
 
 Fan wood borough . 
 
 399 
 
 Fieldsboro borougli 
 
 459 
 
 Florham Park borough 
 
 753 
 
 Freehold town 
 
 3,934 
 
 Frenchtown borough 
 
 1.030 
 
 Garfield borough . 
 
 3,504 
 
 Glen Ridge borough 
 
 1 ,960 
 
 Glen Hock borough 
 
 613 
 
 (iloucesler city 
 (iuttenberg town . 
 Hackensack town . 
 Ilackettstoun town 
 li.aildoMfield boi'ongh 
 ilaiinnonton town . 
 Harrison town 
 Harvey Cedars borough 
 Ilasbrouck Heights liori 
 Hawthorne borough 
 lleliuetta borough . 
 High i'lriilge borough 
 Highlands" tioroiigh 
 II iglitstown borough 
 lliilioken city. 
 Holly Beach borough 
 Hopewell borough . 
 Irvington town 
 Island Heights borougli 
 Janiesburg borough 
 Jersey City 
 Junction borough . 
 Kearney t<iwn 
 Kcyport town 
 Lambert ville city . 
 Lavalette city 
 Leonia borough 
 Linden borough 
 Linwood borough . 
 Little Ferry lioi-oiigh 
 Lodi borough 
 Long Branch town 
 Longport borough . 
 j\Iailisoii borough . 
 filanasquan borough 
 Jlatawan borough . 
 Ma.ywoiid borough . 
 Monhaiil villi' borough 
 Meluchen borough . 
 Midland Park liorough 
 ^Millstone borougli . 
 i\Iilltown boioiigh . 
 Mill ville city . 
 Montclair town 
 Mont. vale borough . 
 .Morristowu town . 
 Mountainside borough 
 ^It. .\rlington borough 
 Neptune City borough 
 Neicong borough . 
 Newark city 
 New Brunswick city 
 New Providence borough 
 Newton town . 
 North Arlington liiudu 
 North Ciihhvell liorough 
 North Plaiiilielil borough 
 North S|iring Lake boiviugli 
 Ocean Cil v 
 Old 'I'appan borough 
 Oi'ange cit v . 
 Palisades Park borough 
 Park Hidge borough 
 Passaic city . 
 
 I'.idO. 
 'tipiilntioii. 
 
 G.S40 
 
 :!.S25 
 
 9,443 
 
 3.474 
 
 3.776 
 
 3,lsl 
 
 10.596 
 
 39 
 
 1,355 
 
 2,096 
 
 447 
 
 1.377 
 
 1,228 
 
 1,749 
 
 .59,364 
 
 569 
 
 9S0 
 
 5,355 
 
 316 
 
 1,063 
 
 206.433 
 
 998 
 
 10,S96 
 
 3,413 
 
 4,637 
 
 31 
 
 804 
 
 403 
 
 495 
 
 1 ,240 
 
 1,917 
 
 8,873 
 
 80 
 
 3,7.54 
 
 l,.5O0 
 
 1,511 
 
 536 
 
 1.608 
 
 1,786 
 
 1.348 
 
 300 
 
 .561 
 
 10,5.83 
 
 13,903 
 
 4]() 
 
 11,267 
 
 367 
 
 375 
 
 1.00!) 
 
 941 
 
 246.070 
 
 30.006 
 
 565 
 
 4.376 
 
 290 
 
 397 
 
 5.009 
 
 361 
 
 1,307 
 
 269 
 
 24.141 
 
 644 
 
 S70 
 
 37,777 
 
 Paterson city . 
 Peinberton borough 
 Penngrove borough 
 Pennington borough 
 Perth Ainboy city . 
 I'liillipsbuig town . 
 Plaiiilield city 
 Pleasant ville borough 
 Point Pleasant Beach 
 
 ough . 
 Poinpton Lakes boroui. 
 Port Oram borough 
 Princeton borough . 
 Railway city . 
 Raritan town . 
 Red Bank town 
 Ridgetield borough 
 Ridgewood village . 
 Riverside borough . 
 Rivorlon borough . 
 Rockaway borough 
 Rocky Hill borough 
 Roselle borough 
 Rutherford borough 
 Saddle River borough 
 Salem city 
 .Seabright borough . 
 Sea Isle (.'ity borough 
 Seaside Park borougli 
 Secaucus borough . 
 Somers Point borougli 
 Somerville town 
 South Ainboy borough 
 South Atlantic City boi-. 
 South Boundbrook town 
 .South Cape May borough 
 South Orange village 
 South Kiver borough 
 Spring Lake borough 
 .Stockton borough . 
 Sumniit city . 
 Surf City borough . 
 Tenally borough 
 'I'olowa borough 
 Trent on city . 
 I'liilerclilf borough 
 Union lown . 
 I'pjier Saddle River bori 
 \'ailsbnrg borough . 
 N'ineland borough . 
 W.'illinglon borough 
 Washington borough 
 Weiionah borough. 
 West Cape May borougl 
 ^Vest Hoboken lown 
 West New York town 
 West Orange tciwn . 
 Westwood borough 
 Wild wood borough 
 Wooilbury city 
 WuoilclilT borough . 
 Wood ridge borough 
 Woodstown borough 
 
 1900. 
 Population. 
 
 105,171 
 
 771 
 
 1,826 
 
 733 
 
 17,699 
 
 10.053 
 
 15.369 
 
 3,182 
 
 74() 
 
 847 
 3,069 
 3,399 
 7.935 
 3.344 
 5,428 
 
 584 
 3,685 
 
 .561 
 1,332 
 1,483 
 
 354 
 1,652 
 4,411 
 
 415 
 5.811 
 1,198 
 
 340 
 
 73 
 
 1,630 
 
 30S 
 
 4.843 
 
 6.349 
 
 09 
 
 883 
 
 14 
 
 4. 608 
 
 3,793 
 
 526 
 
 590 
 
 5,302 
 
 9 
 
 1,74(1 
 
 563 
 
 73,307 
 
 1.O06 
 
 15 1,S7 
 
 336 
 3.779 
 4.370 
 1,812 
 3,.580 
 
 498 
 
 696 
 
 33,094 
 
 5 367 
 
 6,889 
 
 828 
 
 150 
 4,087 
 
 339 
 
 583 
 1,371 
 
 ngli 
 
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