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I 
 
"A HEW 
 POLITICAL ECOHOnY" 
 
 SHOWING THE 
 
 UNDERI.YING CaUSE FOR POVERTY, IGNORANCE AND 
 
 Crime, and Ai^so the True and Permanent 
 Remedy eor These Evils. 
 
 ^ 
 
 K. ' 
 p 
 
 ^- .^ 
 
 ^' B.J. JENKINS, Author. 
 
 Entered w the Office of Librarian of Congress, October 21st, 1895. 
 
 KtH*' r^,i" i^~- 
 PRICE. 25 CENTS. '\^a9^3'<TC^- 
 
 THE DAILY CALUMET PRINT, ^R^^E^^po^ciL^ SOUTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The author asks a careful reading and 
 thorough study of this book, for he is con- 
 vinced great and lasting good for humanity 
 will result fronn it. 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 This little book is dedicated to our so- 
 called "Political Economists" and alleged 
 "Statesmen" of the past and present. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
"A New Political Ecomony." 
 
 The writer respectfully refers the following- thoug-hts to 
 those who are honestly seeking- a true and permanent remedy 
 for the suifering-s of poverty and ignorance that afflict hu- 
 manity, and with the hope that those who ag-ree with his 
 views will earnestly and constantly work for a hig-her and 
 nobler civilization, a civilization so far higher, g-rander, and 
 ever upward and more prog-ressive, that those who understand, 
 and think, and feel the motives that prompt these words, 
 i^ould willingly g-ive their best efforts towards its fulfillment. 
 
 All causes produce certain effects, every effect has its 
 origin in some cause, a bad system of taxation makes unjust 
 laws, unjust laws make poor citizens (financially), poor citi- 
 zens make criminals and slaves. We are living- today in this 
 country under the same system of taxation, that will produce 
 the same effect in this country, that system has produced in 
 older countries, the same system must produce the same re- 
 sult, or " history repeats itself. " Follow me in thoug-ht and 
 see if we cannot discover the underlying- cause of the tremen- 
 dous and ever increasing- suffering- that afflict human kind. 
 Starting- with false premises we must arrive in time at the 
 greatest impoverishment and deg-radation of mankind both 
 mentally and physically, until lower, lower, we sink, until the 
 human race reaches barbarism and then slavery ag-ain. 
 
 Starting with correct premises, viz: with the central idea 
 that to reach the hig-hest perfection of a true civilization, all 
 systems of every description of taxation should be conducted 
 on the broad plan of an even distribution of the burdens, and 
 likewise an even share in the benefits. The trite old saying-. 
 
* 'Labor pays for everything*," is true today as wHen uttered. 
 What does this mean? What has been the result to labor, if 
 labor pays for everything"? It is on the down g-rade, and 
 down, down it must go, further down, and further down, down 
 until where is the stopping place for its downward slide? All 
 this is caused by something. Labor pays for everything, then 
 if that is the effect on labor the remedy must be, don't make 
 labor pay for everything — take off some of its burdens. Make 
 those who don't labor pay their share of taxation proportion- 
 ately. How shall that be done? By changing the system of 
 taxation, that enables those who don't pay any taxation, to 
 shoulder all taxes on labor for payment. What system is 
 there that does that? The false system of taxation under 
 which the whole so-called civilized world is living today. How 
 is it false? False because its effects are only too plainly seen 
 in every land— the degradation and ignorance of labor, the 
 greater the poverty and deeper the degradation in the older 
 countries because more densely populated and therefore re- 
 quiring heavier taxation, borne by labor — labor pays for every- 
 thing — to support a government for their so-called benefit, 
 when under the present system of taxation it is positively to 
 their injurv. Through this system of taxation labor has been 
 robbed of its just earning's since the first starting of this sys- 
 tem. Hov^ is it done? Included in the operation of every 
 business is the item of taxation, and every business charges as 
 -a part of its expenses this item of taxation, as well as interest 
 on the amount of capital invested (even though the capital is 
 not borrowed) besides a certain per cent profit is added, the 
 wage-earners are made. also to pay all losses. When through 
 competition of business, or for any cause, business becomes dull, 
 and in order to get the per cent profit on the amount of capital 
 invested, it becomes necessary to reduce expenses, almost the 
 first thing attacked to do this, is to reduce the force and cut 
 wages. As soon as wages are cut and the number of employes 
 reduced, the consumption of the wage-earners is lessened and 
 the market soon becomes glutted — a so-called over-production 
 — but it is really an under-consumption caused by reducing the 
 consumptive ability of the wage-earners by cutting their 
 wages. The consumer pays the taxes on each and every busi- 
 ness, besides a profit on each and every business through 
 which his purchase reaches him. It is owing entirely and 
 only to the present system of taxation on property that the 
 

 masses of the people pay every and all expenses of g-overn- 
 nient, and throug-h the operations of this system slavery, or a 
 condition worse than slavery, is most surely reached. History 
 must repeat itself so long- as we follow this same system. 
 This is positive, this is certain. 
 
 Henry Georg-e's sing-le tax theory is all wrong- because he 
 advises taxing- land values or property. The middle men who 
 handle others' g'oods,not their own manufacture, would pay no 
 tax, except increased rent, which would be added to the price 
 of the g-oods sold and paid finally by the consumer, or the 
 wages of the employes would be reduced to make up the in- 
 creased rent, in no event would the tax reach the party aimed 
 at, as it would be charg-ed up as a part of the expenses' of the 
 business and be paid by the consumer, and if the competition 
 of business would not permit this increased cost to the g-oods, 
 then the employes' wag-es would suffer. "Coin's Financial 
 School " advises increasing- the volume of money of the world, 
 but this does not g-o far enoug-h as the system is proven defec- 
 tive — the same system that has carried all the g-old, including- 
 g-old investments, into the hands of a few, would also carry all 
 the silver and silver investments into the hands of the few and 
 the same condition w^ould come around ag-ain in time that we 
 have no w\ The writer presumes "Coin's Financial School" 
 would then want free coinag-e of some other metal; therefore, 
 the all important thing- to do is to establish a system of taxa- 
 tion that will g-radually distribute the money of the world and 
 keep it as nearly evenly distributed as possible. This will 
 cause a more even distribution of propert}^ also: A monopoly 
 of property will make a monopoly of g-overnment, a monopoly 
 of g-overnment means an aristocratic form of g-overnment or 
 monarchy, and it behooves our wisest and best men, and our 
 deepest thinkers and all those who do not want to see this 
 country travel the same downward and hard-beaten path of 
 former countries, and reach the same end that all governments 
 of ancient times have, to warn the people "en masse " in 
 thunder tones, that such is certain to be their fate as sure as 
 effect follows cause, and we must most radically change our 
 laws of taxation through the ballot-box to avert the certain 
 destruction of our Republican form of government and a con- 
 dition worse than slavery. Watch out in the near future for a 
 restriction of the right of suffrage on a property qualification. 
 
6 
 
 or educational basis, or for an increase in the Regular Army 
 for domestic use. Some pretext will be g-iven for it, but not 
 the true reason. When one or both of the above measures are 
 passed it will be a long- and disastrous step towards a strong 
 centralized government or monarchy. 
 
 There is no man so poor but who pays a greater amount 
 of taxation proportionately but indirectly than the greatest 
 property holder. The poor man's tax is included in every 
 purchase he makes and therefore he has as much right to vote 
 as any one. " No taxation without representation " was the 
 cause of our Revolutionary war with England, and yet there 
 are many now in this country who think it right and just, the 
 poor man should have no vote, and in many cases a special tax 
 or poll tax is placed upon his right to vote. This is not only 
 an infringement on his inalienable right but is increasing his 
 burden. All this is strong evidence that many in this country 
 are already beginning to dispute the fundamental principles on 
 which our republic is founded. 
 
 All this seems perfectly clear to the writer's view — the fore- 
 going is written to prove the bad results from following the 
 present system of taxation and to point out positively that the 
 enslavement of labor, or a condition worse than slavery must 
 follow its continuation as sure as fate. Now what system of 
 taxation should be substituted? This one and this one alone. 
 Take the tax off all property and impose it on all individual in- 
 comes only, in a heavy graduated scale — the larger the income 
 the greater the rate of taxation on the income. Let us see 
 what would result from such a system? It would first of all 
 relieve those least able to bear it of the burdens of taxation al- 
 together out of proportion to their ability to pay and put it 
 proportionately on those most able to bear it. Incomes from 
 investments are only the tribute the wage-earners are com- 
 pelled by the force of the present system to pay to the income 
 receiver, or in other words labor has to pay a part of its earn- 
 ings to another for nothing, for all capital has been aggregated 
 by the profits off others labor, or in plainer words capital has 
 been forced to continually reduce the wages of labor ever since 
 the present system of taxation has been in operation in order 
 to get a return from the investment. As the taxes are piled 
 up on property, the property-owner, other things being equal, 
 reduces wages to make up the increased tax. 
 
 To a thoughtful mind is clearly seen the downward ten- 
 
7 
 dency of labor. Where will it stop? If we do not stop it, it 
 must lead to the enslavement of labor or a condition worse 
 than slavery. To increase the consumptive ability of the 
 masses we must distribute throug^h some system more equally 
 the means (money) for consumption and this will make a 
 g-reater demand for labor, and therefore a better price to fill 
 the increased demand. To illustrate: If one family has an 
 annual income of fifty thousand dollars, a graduated rate of 
 taxation on this income to divide it annually among- ten families 
 of ^ve thousand dollars each would increase the consumption 
 of the necessaries and comforts of life ten times, this increase 
 of ten times the consumption would increase the demand ten 
 times for the articles consumed and ten times the demand for 
 labor to produce the articles. This increased demand for 
 labor would most surely increase the wag-es of labor ten times. 
 If all those who g-o half starved, half clothed and poorly shod, 
 had the means to feed, clothe, and shoe themselves, well, there 
 would be no over production of those articles, and if possible 
 there was, the shops need not run so many hours. 
 
 The present system of taxation prevents a just distribu- 
 tion of the products of labor; the other system would promote 
 and increase the demand for both labor and labor's products. 
 Under the present system of taxation, or distribution of bur- 
 dens, every labor-saving- machine is an injury to labor. The 
 other system would make every labor-saving- machine a tre- 
 mendous benefit to labor by decreasing- the hours of labor, and 
 g-iving- more time to the inventive g-enius to make other inven- 
 tions and discoveries, decreasing- the hours of labor ag-ain, and 
 g-iving- still more time for inventions and discoveries. Statis- 
 tics show that when all the factories of the country are run- 
 ning- full time, enough is produced in nine months for twelve 
 months' consumption. During- the three months of idle time 
 under the present system the consumption of those not work- 
 ing is almost entirely cut off. Under the other system the 
 three months of idle time would be spread over twelve months 
 by reducing the hours per day, but not lessening the con- 
 sumption. Thoughtful students of political economy declare 
 under a just distribution of the products of labor it would be 
 only necessary for one to work from four to six hours per day 
 to support a family in comfort. We must distribute the means 
 (money) more evenly, and through this new system of a gradu- 
 ated scale of taxation on all individual incomes keep it distrib- 
 
uted, and this will make a more even distribution of the com- 
 forts and necessaries of life. 
 
 Man's mind in general is one vast store-house of unlimited 
 ability to solve the mysteries of nature's wonders for his ad- 
 vancement and prog-ress, and needs only less hours from toil 
 to supply his physical Wants, for its increasing- and continual 
 development. The tremendous field of undeveloped talent 
 among- the masses needs only more time and better opportunity 
 to work out every thoug-ht of prog-ress that sug-g-ests itself and 
 can throug-h this new system of taxation devote a few hours of 
 each day towards solving- the most hidden secrets of nature. 
 
 When we see around us every day the pinched faces of 
 half-starved and poorly-clad children and also of g-rown people 
 beg-rimed with the dirt and sweat of honest but poorly paid 
 toil drag-g-ing- their weary limbs homeward to a cheerless and 
 scantily furnished fireside. When we know in our larg-e stores 
 it is sug-g-ested to young- women who cry out they can not live 
 on such small wag-es, " Havn't you a g-entleman friend who 
 will assist you?" Nice moral sug-g-estions these. When 
 young women living- lives of shame, tell the visitors of the 
 women's social purity society, to g-o to the factories and see 
 the female employes who g-et two dollars a week for their 
 work, you will find why so many lives are ruined, so many 
 hopes are crushed out, and so much crime prevails. " Necessi- 
 tas non habet leg-em. " The professors of our g-reatest 
 universities are not allowed to make researches 
 or lecture before the public if their views are 
 not cautious enoug-h not to offend those from w4iom 
 the money is received. "Splendid civilization." "Splendid 
 universities," that must continue to teach error. "Great 
 political economists." "Great statesmen" are turned out 
 from such universities. All this is a picture dark enoug-h to 
 make us stop at nothing- to destroy the underlying- cause, 
 the infamous system of taxation that is directly responsible 
 for such unhappiness, such misery and crime to so many 
 millions — these unhappy conditions already bad enough must 
 g-row^^ worse and worse indefinitely so long- as this system of 
 taxation • lives. A preacher in Ohio, arrested for forg-ery, 
 when asked why he committed the crime, declared he did so on 
 account of the destitute condition of his family. Here is your 
 crime linked to its cause — poverty. 
 
 A little g-irl arrested in Chicag-o for attempting" to steal a 
 
9 
 pair of slippers to sell for money to supply her starving-, sick 
 mother and little sisters, when broug-ht to the p(^)lice station, 
 the matron fetched her a dish of bread and meat, the sio-ht of 
 food so touched the feeling-s of the little one, that amid sobs 
 and tears she beg'g'ed the matron to permit her to take some of 
 the food to her loved ones at home. Poverty and crime ag'aiii. 
 Cause and effect: Destroy poverty and want, and we destroy 
 almost all crime; and it can be done. 
 
 All these criminal thing's happening- in a country over- 
 flowing- with everything- for every man's necessity and comfort 
 because the masses of the people have not the means (money) 
 to g-et at these thing^s. Distribute the means (money) more 
 evenly each year throug-h this system of a g-raduated rate of 
 taxation on all individual incomes and the masses can then g-et 
 at, and consume, more liberally of these thing's, for their com- 
 fort and necessity. How can the masses g-et at them when 
 they have not the means? All this can be done under this 
 proposed new system of taxation if the people want it done; 
 but will they do it? The w^riter points out the wa}^ he be- 
 lieves clearly, and forcibly, and honestly: Povert3\ ig-norance, 
 crime, w^ars, aye, man's selfishness itself (man's inhumanity to 
 man)are all g-rowths of such a system of taxation. In his strug-- 
 g-les for self-preservation, to live, it makes him cold-hearted, 
 selfish, cruel, and utterly indifferent to the w^elfare of his 
 fellow-man so he individually can live. 
 
 Preachers may strive to their utmost to prevent crime by 
 teaching-' us the gfoodness and mercy of God; civil laws may be 
 passed inflicting- all kinds of punishment ag-ainst crime; labor- 
 ers may organize, strike, burn and destroy property, and 
 sometimes almost open rebellion, but in all such cases they are 
 fig-hting- the effects only of this underlying- cause, this infam- 
 ous system of taxation. It is impossible for the people of any 
 nation to maintain a hig-h rate of wag-es so long- as free trade 
 in labor lasts, and even thoug-h free trade in labor is prevented, 
 that alone will not be sufficient to uplift the masses of the 
 people, but it will materially help to do so. The main thing- 
 after the abolition of free trade in labor is effected, wnll be to 
 destroy the present system of taxation, and substitute the 
 proposed new one. Free trade in labor must reduce the w^ag-es 
 of labor here to the common level of wag-es in all other coun- 
 tries. To place a heavy tariff on every man, woman, and 
 child coming- into this country would be only just to labor al- 
 
10 
 
 ready here, and to our natural increase in population. Our 
 laws prohibiting- importation of labor under contract counts 
 f )r nothiniJ^, a-; u;i'ess there is a written contract or verbal one 
 susceptible of proof, there is nothing* to prevent labor coming- 
 in free to supplant American workmen — the American would 
 be compelled to work for as low wag-es as the imported laborer 
 or lose his job. 
 
 From the Chicag-o Tribune: Lord Scully, the 100,000 
 acre land owner of Illinois, formerly received three dollars 
 rent per acre for his land including- taxes— the smart Leg-isla- 
 ture of Illinois of so-called statesmen passed a law prohibiting 
 the Lord from includin^^ his taxes in his rent, the "business '* 
 Lord simply raised the rent hig-h enoug-h to include the taxes 
 and his tenants had to pay $3.50 and $4-. 00 per acre rent, 
 the taxes beinof ag-ain shifted on his rack-rented tenants. 
 This is written to show how impotent it is to reach the big- 
 property holder throug-h this present system of taxation. 
 Why not put a g-raduated rate of taxation on the individual in- 
 comes of all persons? Such a system of taxation would reach 
 such people and in no other way can it be done. Under the 
 present system of taxation every man eng-ag-ed in a small 
 business must have his business g-radually g-row less and finally 
 lost. Under the present system every man working- on a 
 salary must have his salary reduced indefinitely — under the 
 present system every man working- on wages must have his 
 wag-es reduced indefinitely. There may be occasionally an in- 
 crease, but generally the effect must be downward. There is 
 no other salvation, no other hope for the permanent freedom of 
 mankind from a condition of slavery, or a condition (making a 
 living) worse than slavery so long as the present infamous sys- 
 tem of taxation on property continues. 
 
 Law^s necessary to make effective the system of taxation 
 in the foregoing: 
 
 First, A SI, 000. 00 tariff tax on each and every man, v^o- 
 man and child coming- into the United States. This law 
 would protect the labor of this country from the competition of 
 the labor of the world at our own doors, and will be of incal- 
 culable benefit to the labor already here. 
 
 Second, A o-^-aduated rate of taxation on every man, wo- 
 man and child going out of the United States. This law will 
 prevent tens of millions of dollars from being spent abroad by 
 
11 
 
 American tourists, draining- this country of its (means) mone}^ 
 of consumption. 
 
 Third, A graduated rate of taxation on all individual in- 
 comes. This law will make all citizens pay their share of 
 taxation proportionately. 
 
 Fourth, Compel recording*, in public records, within 
 a certain time, of all shares of stock of all 
 corporations, of all bonds of corporations, all 
 
 mortgages, and all liens on property of ever}^ description, 
 and bear the assessor's stamp, or declared invalid. 1 his law 
 will show up the incomes correctly. 
 
 Fifth, Repeal all laws placirg taxes on property of every 
 description. This law will prevent shifting- of all taxes on 
 the masses. 
 
 Sixth, A heavy penalty for violatic n of any of these laws, 
 and doubling the tax on all incomes for each violation. These 
 are drastic measures, but desperate cases require desperate 
 remedies to preserve our Republican institutions. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 The whole world of thought on ec( ncmics seems alive to 
 the fact there is something wrong somewhere, some underlying- 
 cause for the continual downward course of labor. People go 
 half -starved, poorly clad, while the country is overflowing 
 with everything for man's necessity and comfort. Our glor- 
 ious free country, "Land of the Free, and Home of the 
 Brave," seems to be traveling the same road all countries, of 
 thepast have traveled, and present, are traveling. Why is this 
 so? Because we have followed the same general system of taxa- 
 tion of the other countries. "The same system must produce the 
 same result." "History must repeat itself" until we change 
 the system that must make it repeat itself. The people cry, 
 Oh, for a Lincoln! Oh, for some one to lead us away from the 
 quag-mire of ruin and despair, all feel is surely and irresistibly 
 approaching. Our laws are made by ourselves, through our 
 representatives, our benches are filled by judges of our own 
 choosing, then what is wrong? What produces this discon- 
 tent, this uncertainty of the future? Our big- news dailies are 
 asking, "Will our Republic last another hundred years?" 
 Answers from some declare it will, others are fearful to give 
 an opinion, others doubtful, and again others declare it can 
 not. Where are our so-called statesmen, that they have not. 
 
12 
 
 can not discover the iind^irlying cause for our apprehensions, 
 and do not b-g-sri at once to dig- up and destroy it? Is the hu- 
 man mind £-rowin,o- weaker, less competent to solve the prob- 
 lems that present themselves, or are we determined not to 
 bother ourselves with the near future, almost the already 
 present ? 
 
 We are living today in this country, under the same system 
 of taxation, that will, that must produce the same result that 
 system has produced in the older countries. We can not 
 escape that result unless we chano-e the system now in opera- 
 tion. 
 
 The people of this country need not be lulled into the po- 
 sition of safety from the evils of the old countries, by our so- 
 called statesmen hurling- names at those who positively see 
 what is coming- as certain as fate is certain. The cause is here 
 and the effect is sure to follow. What must be done to pre- 
 vent it? Chang-e our system of taxation. How chang^e it? 
 Take the tax off all property and put it on all individual in- 
 comes in a g-raduated rate — the g-reater the income the greater 
 the rate of taxation on the income. 
 
 The effect of this system of taxation w^ould be to make 
 those most able to bear it pay proportionately their shares of 
 taxation, and correspondingly lessen the taxation ofthose least 
 able to bear it, and thereby increasing- the consumption of 
 the masses of the people, and increasing the demand for both 
 products and labor. The proposed new system would in time 
 equalize all incomes, amply sufficient to supply all with all the 
 necessaries and comforts of life — -the new system ivould grad- , 
 ually reduce the hours of labor without a decrease of pay, and 
 give the inventive genius time to work out his inventions and 
 discoveries; each invention and discovery when in general use 
 would decrease the hours of labor again, and give still more 
 time for the inventive genius to make other inventions and dis- 
 coveries — thus on the upward grade, rising higher and higher 
 as we overcome the obstacles to our progress, until who can 
 say where or to what point of magnificent civilization and 
 grandeur we can not reach, ever upward into the infinite space 
 of man's capacity and ever-increasing ^sdom, until as we 
 learn to do all things, we can call ourselves truly '*Sons of 
 God," 
 
 These are the aspirations, hopes, and destiny of the hu- 
 man race, and above all they can be attained. Shall we 
 
13 
 start now to correct the past, throw aside forever a system 
 which has been found wanting- and which has held down the 
 progress and hopes of mankind, and beg-in anew under a 
 system which will g*ive us all things? "Ask and you shall 
 receive," "Seek and you shall find." "Knock and it shall 
 be opened unto you." All these things have been prom- 
 ised us and shall be attained if we start right. ' 
 
 B. J.Jenkins, 
 
^=^=^^ ^^s=^y=^=@^ ^^=^^^^^=^ 
 
 A MEW 
 {POLITIC AL ECOfiOnY" 
 
 SHOWING THE 
 
 UndkrivYing Cause for Poverty, Ignorance and 
 
 Crime, and Also the True and Permanent 
 
 Remedy eor These Evn^s. 
 
 f) B.J.JENKINS, Author. d 
 
 ir^ 
 
 Entered in the Office of Librarian of Congress, October 21st, 1895. (J 
 
 PRICE, 25 CENTS. 
 
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